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Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  28, 1905.. 


NOTES      AND      QUERIES: 


iWetftum  of  Intercommunication 


FOE 


LITERARY    MEN,    GENERAL    READERS,    ETC. 


"When  found,  make  a  note  of." — CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


TENTH     SERIES.— VOLUME    II. 
JULY — DECEMBER,  1904. 


LONDON: 

PUBLISHED  AT  THB 

OFFICE,     BREAM'S     BUILDINGS,     CHANCERY     LANE,     E.C, 
BY  JOHN  0.  FRANCIS. 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  28, 1905. 


AG 

305 


NOTES    AND    QUERIES: 

of  Intercommunication 


FOR 

LITERARY    MEN,    GENERAL    READERS,    ETC. 

"When  found,  make  a  note  of."  —  CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


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INDEX 


E    N    E    R    A    L 

OF 

NOTES      AND      QUERIES. 

With  Introduction  by  JOSEPH  KNIGHT,  F.S.A. 

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ii.  JULY  o,  1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


LOXDON,  SATURDAY,  JTLY  g,  IDOL 


CONTENTS.-No.  27. 

NOTES  :— Letters  of  Cowper,  1— Cobden  Bibliography,  3- 
Black  Dog  Alley,  Westminster,  5— Descendants  of  Mary 
Queen  of  Scots,  6  —  Cardinal  Giudiccioni  —  '  The  Most 
Impudent  Man  Living ' — "  The  beatific  vision,"  7. 

QUERIES  :—"  Go  anywhere  and  do  anything  "  — Swett 
Family — Croquet  or  Tricquet — '  Paisley  Annual  Miscel- 
lany '—King  of  Sweden  on  the  Balance  of  Power— "Birds 
of  a  feather"— 'The  Gospel  of  God's  Anointed '—Quota 
tion  in  Ruskin,  8— German-English  Dictionary — Beer  sold 
without  a  Licence— Owl  and  Athenian  Admiral— Blackett 
Family— St.  Helena  Medal  —  Runeberg,  Finnish  Poet- 
Bennett  of  Lincoln—"  Kolliwest " — Female  Incendiary,  9 
—Lancashire  Toast,  10. 

REPLIES  :-First  Wife  of  Warren  Hastings,  10  — Biblio- 
graphy of  Publishing,  11— Ramie,  12— Well-known  Epi- 
taph—" Alias"  in  the  Sixteenth  Century— White  Turbary 
—France  and  Civilization— Bunney,  13—"  There  's  not  a 
crime"— Cold  Harbour— Flaying  Alive,  14— Kentish  Cus- 
tom on  Easter  Day— The  Lobishome,  15  —  Tituladoes— 
Trial  of  Queen  Caroline  —  Phcebe  Hessel,  the  Stepney 
Amazon—"  The  better  the  day,"  16— Tea  as  a  Meal— Potts 
Family— Our  Oldest  Military  Officer— Mother  Shipton,  17 
—Hertford  Borough  Seal— Dryden  Portraits— Poems  on 
Shakespeare— Dictionary  of  English  Dialect  Synonyms — 
Legend  of  Constance — Audyn  Family,  18— Paste — Mayor's 
Seal  for  Confirmation— Tynte  Book-plate,  19. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— Thomas's  '  Swimming '— '  Printers' 
Pie  '—Henderson's  Life  of  Burns. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


LETTERS    OF   WILLIAM   COWPER. 

THE  following  letters  are  copied  from  quarto 
manuscript  books  long  in  the  possession 
of  Charlotte,  younger  daughter  of  Joseph 
Stephen  Pratt,  LL.B.  of  Trinity  Hall,  1805, 
collated  to  the  fourth  stall  of  Peterborough 
•Cathedral,  28  March,  1808,  who  died  3  April, 
1838,  aet.  77.  She  married,  5  October,  1813, 
in  the  parish  church  of  South  Collingham, 
Notts,  my  uncle  Joseph  Mayor,  Fellow  of 
St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  who  held  the 
rectory  of  South  Collingham  to  his  death, 
•19  April,  1860.  His  widow  died  21  October, 
1871. 

The  volume  from  which  the  present  instal- 
ment is  taken  is  bound  in  half-calf,  and  has 
on  the  fly-leaf  the  following  notes :  "Charlotte 
Mayor."  "The  contents  of  this  book  to 
Page  181,  were  copied  from  a  Manuscript 
Book  by  Mrs.  Judith  Madan." 

On  p.  1  we  read  :— 

"  As  so  many  months,  my  dear  Maria,  are  to  pass, 
before  I  can  hope  to  converse  with  you,  I  have  a 
sudden  thought,  very  pleasing  to  me,  to  throw 
together  my  thoughts,  and  those  of  others,  as  they 
occur,  on  any  interesting  and  important  subject, 
v.-ithout  formality  or  disguise  :  and  I  am  persuaded, 
should  it  please  God  to  take  me  into  eternity  before 


your  return,  you  will  value  the  faithful  transcript 
of  a  heart  that  loces  and  esteems  you.  If  my  life  is 
prolonged,  it  will  serve  as  a  testimony  that  I  am 
ever  mindful  of  you,  and  with  the  greatest  truth, 
and  most  tender  affection,  my  dear  Maria's*  faithful 
friend,  as  well  as  affectionate  mother, 

"J.  MADAN." 
On  pp.  182-3  we  read  :— 

"  (The  following  was  written  by  Mrs.  Cowper,  on 
a  loose  bit  of  paper,  in  Mrs.  Madan's  MS.  book, 
from  which  all  in  this  book,  so  far,  has  been 
copied.)" 

"The  angel  writer  of  this  precious  manuscript  is 
(as  she  has  in  the  former  part  mentioned  concerning 
a  pious  man)  '  translated  to  that  kingdom,  where, 
after  a  most  exemplary  life,  she,  by  an  easy  transi- 
tion from  what  she  has  been  on  earth,  shines  forth, 
I  doubt  not,  as  an  angel  of  light.'  She  entered  into 
glory  this  year  1781,  Decr  7th.  Her  honoured 
remains  now  rest  in  St.  George's  Burying  ground, 
Mount  Street,  Grosvenor  Square.  The  following 
significant  and  valuable  text  I  added  under  her 
name,  etc.,  upon  her  gravestone.  'Thou  shalt 
come  to  thy  grave  in  a  full  age,  like  as  a  shock  of 
corn  cometh  in  his  season,'  Job  v.  26. 

"How  am  I  indebted  to  God  for  such  a  parent, 
What  thanks  I  owe  for  his  vouchsafement  of  her  so 
long !  He  hath  now  taken  her  into  his  rest,  and 
given  her  that  glorious  inheritance  purchased  for 
believers,  by  the  Redeemer  of  the  world.  Praised 
be  His  Name  !  And  how  can  I  sufficiently  acknow- 
ledge the  Lord's  goodness,  for  the  consolations  she 
has  been  permitted  to  leave  me,  in  her  inimitably 
pious  manuscripts  !  O  rich  bequest !  My  soul,  thou 
art  largely  and  liberally  supplied  with  spiritual  food, 
pray  that  it  may  be  duly  sanctified,  leading  thee  on 
in  the  paths  of  righteousness,  till  thou  arrive  at  the 
gate  of  glory,  and  meet  with  her  again." 

I  am  happy  to  add  that  Mrs.  Cowper, 
following  in  her  mother's  steps,  bequeathed  to 
her  family  at  least  five  quarto  note-books  in 
her  own  hand,  full  of  letters  from  John 
Newton,  Cowper,  the  Countess  of  Huntingdon, 
<&c.,  poems  by  her  "Sister  Maitland."  They 
have  been  honoured  in  the  third  and  fourth 
generation  of  owners,  by  careful  and  loving 
perusal,  and  three  of  the  five  have  been 
placed  in  my  hands.  The  first  instalment  of 
Cowper  letters  is  valuable  as  being  written 
from  Huntingdon,  and  addressed  to  Martin 
Madan. 

In  pp.  147-53  is  a  copy  of  the  letter  written 
to  Lady  Hesketh,  12  July,  1765  (Wright's 
edition,  i.  33-5).  On  collation  with  Wright's 
text  I  find  (Wright,  p.  33,  four  lines  from 
beginning)  "  all  that  pleasure  I  proposed," 
where  Wright  has  "  which  I  proposed " ; 
Wright,  p.  34,  1.  9,  "  closed  the  conference," 
MS.  "closed  up  the  conference";  Wright, 
p.  34,  1. 10,  "  two  considerations,"  MS.  "  three 
considerations";  Wright,  p.  34,  1.  13,  '"''the 
three  cardinal  articles,"  MS.  "these  cardinal 
articles  " ;  p.  34, 1.  8  from  foot,  "  Testaments," 


*  Note    in   later  hand :    "  Her    daughter   Mrs. 
Cowper  [Maria  Frances  Cecilia  Cowper]." 


•'mind.      Alter      ww\*  v*  ~"~»    *i        u 
the  manuscript  supplies  much  that  has  been 
omitted  in  printed  texts.    Add  :- 


so  the  severe  strokes  that  I  felt  upon  my  conscience, 
Tt  particular  intervals,  when  .  1  reflected  ever  so 
slightly  on  the  arguments  it  is  built  upon,  have 
riven  me  very  sensible  proofs,  that  I  never  should 
fompaTs  the  fatter.    Three  and  thirty  years  of  my 
life  did  I  spend  in  this  manner,  balancing  between 
faith  and  infidelity,  and  leaving  the  upshot  of  all, 
and  the  final  destination  of  a  being  built  for  eternity, 
to  be  cleared  up  at  the  universal  judgment,  which 
y^t  I  hoped  would  never  happen.    What  a  terrible 
reference  of  my  everlasting  interests,  to  a  period 
decisive,  and  without  appeal  !  and  at  which  every 
stain  of  unpardoned  guilt  must  be  pronounced  a  stain 
forever.  In  this  dreadful  condition,  whilelwas  grow- 
ing every  day  more  insensible  to  my  duty,  tho  at  the 
same  time  not  less  convinced  of  the  truth  of  the 
Gospel,  it  pleased  my  all-merciful  Maker  to  visit  me 
with  a  chastisement,  for  which  I  will  be  ever  thank- 
ful •  and  when  the  hour  of  discipline  was  past,  and 
the  scourge  had  done  its  work,  he  was  likewise 
pleased  to.visit  me  with  such  clear  apprehensions  ot 
the  truth  of  his  divine  revelation,  and  such  delight- 
ful assurances  that  all  should  be  forgiven,  and  for- 
got if  I  would  but  return  to  Him,  as  I  trust  will 
never  forsake  me.    Nor  let  this  appear  strange  to 
you.  my  dear  Cousin,  as  it  does  to  many,  that  my 
faith  should  be  increased  without  any  additional 
arguments  to  persuade  me.    It  is  called  enthusiasm 
by  many,  but  they  forget  this  passage  in  St.  Paul,* 
'We  are  saved  by  grace,  through  faith,  and  that 
not  of  ourtelves,  it  is  the  gift  of  God.  '   The  arguments 
indeed  in  favour  of  this  glorious  cause,  are  more 
than  sufficient  to  prove  the  truth  of  it  to  any  man  ; 
but  the  heart  is  so  often  engaged  to  vote  on  the 
other  side,  that  they  fail  to  produce  conviction,  till 
it  pleases  God  to  strike  upon  the  rock,  and  melt  it 
into  a  sense  of  its  own  corruption,  and  the  necessity 
there  is  for  an  atonement.    My  dear  Cousin,  may 
these  everlasting  truths—" 
Printed  text  begins  again,  "May  this  ever- 
lasting truth."    P.  35,1.  14,  "comfort,"  MS. 
"  happiness";  1.  18,  "  that  you  can,"  MS.  "  you 
should."  The  postscript  is  omitted  in  the  MS 
Pp.  145-7  :— 


V)  CbO    I     •MWBAWl    I      VVLJ      BM     u»v     **+*    %-/•    O    CHJ\ 

recovery,  till  he  went  to  Huntingdon. 
To  M.  M[adan]. 

Huntingdon,  June  24,  1765. 

MY  DEAR  MARTIN,— I  have  long  had  a  desire  t< 

write  to  you,  indeed  ever  since  it  pleased  God  t< 

restore  to  me  the  perfect  health  both  of  my  mine 

and  body,  and  have  with  difficulty  prevailed  upoi 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       do*  s.  n.  JULY  2,  im 

; — . : 

myself  to  defer  it,  till  I  had  left  St.  Alban's.  I 
ave  suppressed  my  impatience  to  do  it  hitherto, 
n  the  full  persuasion  that  a  letter  from  me  in  a 
tate  of  enlargement,  would  be  more  acceptable  tc- 
ou,  than  anything  I  could  send  from  that  suspected 
uarter.  Blessed  be  God !  I  am  indeed  enlarged,. 
nd  you,  who  know  so  well,  the  spiritual,  as  well 
,a  the  ordinary  import  of  that  word,  will  easily 
pprehend  how  much  I  mean  to  crowd  into  it. 
Martin,  I  have  never  forgot,  nor  ever  shall  forget, 
he  instruction  you  gave  me,  at  our  interview  in  my 
hambers.  It  was  the  first  lesson  of  the  kind  I  had 
ver  heard  with  attention,  perhaps  I  may  say,  the 
.rat  I  ever  heard  at  all.  And  notwithstanding  the 
errible  disorder  of  mind  I  fell  into  soon  after,  not 
11  the  thousand  deliriums  that  afflicted  me,  have 
een  able  to  efface  it.  My  Heavenly  Father  in- 
ended  it  should  be  to  me  an  earnest  of  his  love, 
fhich  is  the  reason  I  have  not  lost  it :  but,  by  his 

Jessing  upon  it,  it  has  been  a  key  to  me,  together 

with  the  assistance  of  his  grace,  to  right  under- 
tanding  of  the  Scriptures  ever  since.  I  bless  his- 
ioly  name  for  every  sigh,  and  every  groan,  and 
very  tear  I  have  shed  in  my  illness.  He  woundeth 
,nd  his  hands  make  whole  :*  they  heal  the  wounds 
/hich  he  himself  hath  made  for  our  chastisement^ 
,nd  those  deeper  wounds  which  by  our  sins  we  have 
nflicted  upon  ourselves. 
You  remember  the  poor  wretch  whose  illness  so 

much  resembled  mine,  and  you  remember  too,  how 
ic  was  seen  "cloathed,  and  in  his  right  mind,  and 
itting  at  the  feet  of  Jesus,  "f  I  thank  God  I 
•esemble  him  in  my  recovery,  and  in  the  blessed 

effects  of  it,  as  well  as  in  my  distemper.    Pray  for 

me,  Martin,  that  I  ever  may,  and  believe  me  that 
'.  suppress  much,  lest  I  should  alarm  even  you,  by 
.he  warmth  of  my  expressions ;  but  you  might  read 
t  in  my  eyes. 
Give  my  love  to  all  your  family,  and  to  your 

mother. 

Yours,  Martin,  very  thankfully, 
and  very  affectionately, 

Pp.  153-7  :— 

W.  C.'s  answer  to  M  Madan. 

MY  DEAR  MARTIN, — I  am  exceedingly  obliged  to- 
you  for  the  letter  with  which  you  was  so  kind  to 
favour  me.  I  know  your  continual  employments,  and 
how  difficult  it  must  be  for  you  to  find  opportunities 
of  writing,  but  when  you  happen  to  meet  with  one 
which  you  can  bestow  upon  me,  without  prejudice 
to  anybody  else,  you  will  contribute  much  to  my 
happiness  by  making  that  use  of  it.  I  have  more 
than  once  been  witness  to  your  indefatigable  labour 
with  those  who  receive  not  the  Truth,  and  I  flatter 
myself,  you  will  not  think  a  small  share  of  your 
pains  thrown  away  on  one  who,  blessed  be  God  I 
has  already  received  it.  A  line  from  one  whom  I 
know  to  be  a  real  Christian,  in  the  sterling  sense 
of  that  appellation,  is  of  more  value  to  me  now, 
than  all  the  eloquence  of  all  the  orators,  that  ever 
spoke.  Indeed  I  have  much  to  be  thankful  for,  so 
much,  that  I  am  continually  apt  to  suspect  myself  of 
ingratitude,  and  how  is  it  possible  for  a  human 
heart  to  be  sufficiently  grateful  for  the  blessings  I 
have  received?  Blessings  which  I  have  forfeited 
all  possible  pretentious  to,  as  many  times  as  I  have 
hairs  upon  my  head.  A  life  of  three  and  thirty 
years,  spent  without  God  in  the  world,  passing 


*  Epheaians  ii.  8. 


*  Job  v.  18. 


t  Luke  viii.  35. 


ii.  JULY  2, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


upon  others,  and  upon  myself  too,  for  a  Christian, 
with  immoralities  enough  to  stain  me  as  black  and 
sink  me  as  deep,  as  ever  sinner  fell,  were  circum- 
stances which  might  well  drive  me  to  that  despair 
in  which  you  saw  me,  when  once  it  had  pleased 
God  to  let  loose  my  conscience  upon  me,  and  to 
make  me  sensible  of  my  wickedness.  Eight  months 
did  I  continue  in  that  terrible  condition,  expecting 
day  and  night  when  the  thunderbolt  should  fall 
that  was  to  be  my  last  and  final  visitation  from  the 
Almighty.  And  whatever  mixture  of  insanity  there 
might  be  in  these  apprehensions  (and  doubtless 
there  was  much  of  that)  still  there  was  this  mix- 
ture of  reason  in  them,  that  I  certainly  appre- 
hended no  more,  than  my  soundest  judgment  must 
acknowledge  I  had  deserved.  At  the  end  of  that 
period,  it  pleased  God,  at  once,  and  as  it  were  by 
a  touch,  to  restore  me  to  the  use  of  my  reason,  and 
to  accompany  that  blessing  with  two  others  of 
inestimable  value,  and  which  I  trust  in  his  great 
mercy  he  will  not  suffer  me  to  forfeit  hereafter, 
even  faith  in  his  dear  Son,  and  a  most  intimate 
and  comfortable  assurance  of  complete  forgiveness. 
Oh,  who  can  express  my  joy  at  this  happy  time ! 
that  harmony  and  peace  of  heart,  which  a  perfect 
reconciliation  with  our  Heavenly  Father  alone  can 
give,  dissolved  me  into  tears  of  joy,  and  the 
delightful  sense  of  it  still  dwells  with  me  ! 

I  have  thought  myself  happy  often  in  the  gratifi- 
cation of  my  wretched  passions  and  affections,  but 
I  now  felt  how  much  I  had  been  mistaken,  and  that 
I  had  disgraced  the  name  of  happiness  by  such  a 
foolish  misapplication  of  it,  nor  would  I  exchange 
one  hour  of  my  present  comfort,  for  ten  thousand 
years  of  the  utmost  felicity  I  ever  enjoyed  before. 
The  book  you  recommend  to  me,  1  read  at  St. 
Alban's,  and  with  great  pleasure,  and  with  great 
conviction.  I  plead  guilty  to  the  doctrine  of  original 
corruption,  derived  tome  from  my  great  progenitor, 
for  in  my  heart  I  feel  the  evidences  of  it,  that  will 
not  be  disputed.  I  rejoice  in  the  doctrine  of  im- 

Juted  righteousness,  for  without  it,  how  should 
be  justified  ?  My  own  righteousness  is  a  rag,  a 
feeble,  defective  attempt,  insufficient  of  itself  to 
obtain  the  pardon  of  the  least  of  my  offences,  much 
more  my  justification  from  them  all.  My  dear 
Martin,  'tis  pride  that  makes  these  truths  unpalat- 
able, but  pride  has  no  business  in  the  heart  of  a 
Christian.  I  borrowed  the  book  at  St.  Alban's  but 
intend  to  buy  it.  I  read  there  likewise  Doddridge's 
Sermons  on  tlegeneration,  and  his  Rise  and  Pro- 
gress of  Religion  in  the  Soul,  and  was  highly  de- 
lighted with  them  both.  I  love  these  subjects, 
next  to  the  Word  itself,  they  are  my  daily  bread, 
and  I  beg  you  would  mention  tome  any  other  books 
of  that  kind  you  think  may  be  of  use  to  me.  I 
always  loved  reading,  but  I  never  loved  it  so  much, 
for  these  topic*  had  no  charms  for  me  once,  and 
now  all  others  are  insipid. 

Yours,  my  dear  Martin, 
with  my  affectionate  respects  to  Mrs.  M. 
July  19,  1765,  Huntingdon. 

Pp.  160-1  :— 

Part  of  a  letter  from  Wm.  Cowper  to  my  son  M. 
Madan. 

Febr?  10th,  1766. 

Unwin  has  furnished  me  with  your  Collection  of 
Hymns,  and  bespoke  the  music  for  them.  Mrs. 
Unwin  plays  well  on  the  harpsichord,  and.  I  doubt 
not,  those  songs  of  Sion  will  sound  sweetly  in  the 
ears  of  one,  so  lately  escaped  from  the  thunders  of 


Sinai : The  time  past  suffices  me,*  to  have  lived! 

the  life  of  the  Gentiles ;  I  can  lay  my  hand  on  my 
heart,  and  say  with  the  Apostle  :f  "  the  life  I  live, 
I  lire  by  the  faith  of  the  Son  of  God  " :  thought,, 
word,  and  deed,  devoted  to  his  service,  and  may 
they  be  so  for  ever.  I  mention  not  this,  in  the- 
spirit  of  boasting,  God  forbid  !  but  that  you,  to- 
gether with  me,  may  give  praise  to  the  glory  of  his 
?race,  who  has  interposed,  by  such  wonderful  means,. 
For  the  salvation  of  so  vile  a  sinner.  Perhaps  I 
have  many  friends  who  pity  me  ruined  in  ray  pro- 
fession, stript  of  my  preferment,  and  banished  from 
all  my  old  acquaintance.  They  wonder  I  can  sus- 
tain myself  under  these  evils,  and  expect  that  I 
should  die  broken  hearted  :  and  if  myself  were 
all  I  had  to  trust  to,  so  perhaps  I  might ;  nay,  I 
believe,  certainly  should,  but  the  disciples  of  Christ 
have  bread  to  eat  which  the  world  knows  not  of.* 
The  hope  of  Israel  "  fainteth  not,  neither  is  weary  ":§: 
and  peace,  and  joy  in  the  Holy  Spirit,  are  effectual 
preservatives  against  worldly  sorrow.  I  have  lost 
indeed  a  good  deal  of  that  dung||  the  Apostle 
speaks  of,  but  the  treasure  hid  in  the  field  is  an 
infinite  compensation  for  such  losses. 

I  hope  to  go  through  the  commonplace 
books,  extract  all  that  is  new  of  Cowper's,. 
and  calendar  the  rest. 

JOHN  E.  B.  MAYOR. 

Cambridge. 

COBDEN  BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

(See  10th  S.  i.  481.) 

1847. 

Societa  Pontaniana,  Tomato  ordinariadel  21  Marzo, 
1847-  F For  the  reception  of  Richard  Cobden  as- 
a  member  of  Academy.]  [Naples,  1847.]  8vo, 

Discorsi  pronunziati  al  Banchetto  dato  in  Livorno 
a  Richard  Cobden,  il  12  Maggio,  1847.  Livorno, 
1847.  8vo.  8245.  f.  6. 

1848. 

Eloquent  and  Powerful  Speech  in  the  House  of 
Commons,  July  6,  1848,  on  Mr.  Hume's  motion- 
for  Parliamentary  Reform  and  Retrenchment. 
Manchester,  C.  Chorlton  [1848].  8vo,  pp.  12. 
M.F.L. 

Speech  in  the  House  of  Commons  February  18,  1848- 
[on  the  Expenditure  of  the  Country],  Man- 
chester, A.  Hey  wood  [1848].  12mo.  8135.  a.  5. 

National  Defences.  Letters  of  Lord  Ellesmere  and 
the  Duke  of  Wellington,  with  the  Speech  of 
Richard  Cobden  at  the  Free  Trade  Meeting  in 
Manchester.  London,  1848.  8vo.  1398.  f. 

Financial  Reform  Tracts.  No.  6.  The  National 
Budget  for  1849,  by  Richard  Cobden,  Esq.,  in 
a  Letter  to  Robertson  Gladstone,  Esq.... with 
a  report  of  the  public  meeting  held  in  the 
Concert  Hall,  Liverpool.  December  20,  1848, 
London :  Standard  of  Freedom  office.  8vo, 
pp.  16. 

1849. 

Reform  and  Retrenchment.  The  Speeches  of 
Richard  Cobden,  T.  M.  Gibson,  and  J.  Bright, 
Esqs.,  in  the  Free  Trade  Hall,  on  Wednesday 


*  1  Peter  iv.  3. 
J  Cf.  John  iv.  32. 
||  Philippians  iii.  8. 


f  Galatians  ii.  20. 
§  Isaiah  xl.  28. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io»  s.  n.  JULY  2, 190*. 


evening,  January  10,  1849.  Specially  reported 
Manchester,  Chas.  Chorlton.  8vo,  pp.  12. 
Speeches  of  Richard  Cobden,  Esq.,  M.P.,  on  Peace, 
Financial  Reform,  Colonial  Reform,  and  other 
subjects,  delivered  during  1849.  Printed  by 
permission  of,  and  kindly  revised  by,  Mr.  Cob  - 
Ben.  London.  Charles  Gilpin.  Liverpool,  G. 
Philip  &  Son.  8vo,  pp.  xii,  252.— The  colophon 
is  "Liverpool:  J.  R.  Williams,  Printer, 
Whitechapel,"  and  the  preface,  dated  31  De- 
cember, 1849,  is  signed  J.  R.  W.  The  speeches 
included  are  :  Defence  of  the  National 
Budget  (Manchester,  January  10);  Reduction 
in  National  Expenditure  (House  of  Commons, 
February  26) ;  Burdens  of  Real  Property 
(House  of  Commons,  March  8)  ;  Vindication  of 
Free  Trade,  Financial  Reform,  &c.  (Wakefield, 
April  11);  Financial  Reform  (Leeds,  April  12)  ; 
International  Arbitration  (House  of  Commons, 
June  12) :  Ordnance  Estimates  (House  of  Com- 
mons, July  18)  ;  Russian  Intervention  in 
Hungary  (London,  July  23) ;  Two  Speeches  at 
Paris  Peace  Congress  (August  23  and  24)  ; 
Austrian  Loan  (London,  October  8)  ;  London 
Peace  Meeting  (October  30)  ;  Forty-Shilling 
Freehold  Franchise  (Birmingham,  Novem- 
ber 13,  also  London,  November  26) ;  Revival  of 
Protection,  Special  Burdens  on  Land,  Financial 
and  Parliamentary  Reform,  Extension  of  the 
Suffrage,  and  Forty-Shilling  Freeholds  (Leeds, 
Decemoer  18) ;  Colonial  Reform,  Extension  of 
the  Suffrage,  and  Forty-Shilling  Freeholds 
(December  20).  Letter  (December  18,  1848)  to 
the  Liverpool  Financial  Reform  Association. 

1850. 

Speech  on  the  Russian  Loan,  delivered  at  the 
London  Tavern,  January  18.  London,  1850. 
8vo.  8223.  a.  13. 

1851. 

National  Parliamentary  and  National  Reform  Asso- 
ciation. National  Reform  Tracts  Nos.  21,  22, 
23,  24.  Proceedings  at  the  Fourth  Monthly 
Soiree  of  National  Reform  Association,  with 
the  Speeches  of  Sir  J.  Walmsley  and  Richard 
Cobden.  London  [18511.  8vo.  8138.  df.  5.  (1.) 

Speech  at  the  Fourth  Monthly  Soiree  of  the 
National  Parliamentary  and  Financial  Reform 
Association,  May  26,  1851.  London  [1851].  8vo. 
M.F.L. 

1853. 

How  Wars  are  got  up  in  India.  The  Origin  of 
the  Burmese  War.  Fourth  edition.  London, 
William  &  Frederick  G.  Cash,  1853.  8vo,  pp.  59. 

Report  of  the  Proceedings  of  the  Peace  Conference 

at  Edinburgh,  October,  1853.  With  the  Speeches 

-noof  ?\co tar(J  Cobden-    London.    8vo.   8425.  c.  52. 

1 ,93  and  1853,  m  three  letters.  Second  edition.  Lon- 

8138  c         8   Ridgway'    1853'     8vo»    PP-     140. 

New  edition,  revised,  with  a  preface.  London 
FarnnKdon  [printed],  1853.    8vo.    8138.  c. 

fourth  edition.    London,  1853.    8vo.    8026.ee. 
o.  {•?.) 
Address  to  the  Mechanics'  Institution  at  Barnsley 

St&^Sg  £J  ^S  Jfa-AJ 

the  Nineteenth  Century.  Literary  Addresses 
Second  Series 'London,  1855  [1854]7  8vo  lIS 
b.  12. -There  does  not  appear  to  have  been  a 


pamphlet  edition,  but   it   is   printed   in   the 
fAnnals  of  Barnsley.' 

1856. 
What  Next  and  Next?  London,  1856.   8vo.  8028.  b. 

Fifth  edition.    Pp.  50.    London,  J.  Ridgway, 

1856.    8vo.    8026.  d.  12.  (4.) 

Remarks  on  the  Law  of  Partnership  and  Limited 
Liability.  By  W[illiam]  S[haw]  Lindsay,  Esq., 
M.P.,  and  Richard  Cobden,  Esq.,  M.P. 
London,  1856.  8vo,  pp.  28.  —  Contains  two 
letters  by  Cobden.  6376.  b.  15. 

1859. 

On  the  Probable  Fall  in  the  Value  of  Gold.  By 
Michael  Chevalier.  Translated  from  the  French, 
with  a  preface  byjRichard  Cobden.  Manchester, 
Alexander  Ireland  &  Co.,  1859.  8vo,  pp.  xvi-196. 
8223.  b.  53. 

Third      edition.      Manchester,    1859.      8vo, 

pp.  xvi-196.    M.F.L. 


Letter  from  R.  Cobden,  Esq.,  M.P.,  to  Mr.  Alder- 
man Healey,  Chairman  of  the  Constitutional 
Defence  Association,  Rochdale.  Paris,  June  4, 
1860.  Rochdale,  Robert  Lawton.  Crown  folio, 
fly-sheet.  —  This  is  preserved  in  an  election 
scrap-book  in  the  Rochdale  Free  Library. 

1862. 

Letter  from  Mr.  Cobden,  M.P.,  to  Henry  Ashworth, 
Esq.,  upon  the  Present  State  of  International 
Maritime  Law  as  affecting  the  Rights  of  Bel- 
ligerents and  Neutrals.  Manchester,  Alex. 
Ireland  &  Co.,  1862.  8vo,  pp.  16.  M.F.L. 

Maritime  Law  and  Belligerent  Rights.  Speech  of 
Richard  Cobden  advocating  a  reform  of  Inter- 
national Maritime  Law,  delivered  to  the  Man- 
chester Chamber  of  Commerce,  October  25, 1862. 
Revised  and  corrected  by  the  Author.  Man- 
chester, A.  Ireland  &  Co.  [1862.]  8vo,  pp.  33. 
6955.  bb. 

For  speech  on  the  Cotton  Famine  Relief  see  under 
1867- 

Cobden  (R.).  The  Three  Panics,  an  Historical 
Episode.  Second  edition.  London,  1862.  8vo, 
pp.152.  M.F.L. 

-  Third  edition.     London,  Ward  &  Co.,   1862. 
8vo,  pp.  152.    8026.  c.  23. 

Fifth  edition.    London,  1862.    8vo.    8138.  e. 

-  Sixth  edition.     London,  1862. 

Les  Trois  Paniques,  Episodes  de  1'Histoire  Con- 
temporaine.  Traduit  de  1'Anglais,  par  Xavier 
Raymond.  Paris,  1862.  8vo.  8138.  h. 

1863. 

Speech  of  Mr.  Cobden,  on  the  "  Foreign  Enlistment 
Act,"  in  the  House  of  Commons,  April  24,  1863. 
London,  1863.  8vo.  8138.  cc.  ' 

-  Second  edition.    London,  1863.    8vo.    8138.  b. 

-  Third  edition.    London,  1863.    8vo.    8138.  b. 

1864. 

Mr.  Cobden  and  the  Times,  Correspondence  between 

Mr.  Cobden and  Mr.  Delane,  Editor  of  the 

Jimex,  with  a  Supplementary  Correspondence 
between  Mr.  Cobden  and  [Thornton  Hunt, 
writing  on  behalf  of]  the  Editor  of  the  Daily 
iole^f Al  Manchester,  Alex.  Ireland  &  Co., 
1864.  8vo,pp.  35.  8138.  cc. 

*or  bpeech  on  Government  Manufacturing  Estab- 
lishments see  under  1869. 

t  or  Letter  on  Land  Question,  January  22,  1864,  see 


io*  s.  ii.  JULY  2,  loo*.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


1867. 

Waugh  (Edwin).  Home  Life  of  the  Lancashire 
Factory  Folk  during  the  Cotton  Famine.  Lon- 
don, Manchester  printed,  1867.  8vo.— Includes 
Mr.  Cobden's  speech  on  the  formation  of  the 
Relief  Committee,  April  '29,  1862. 
1868. 

Une  Solution  Prompte !  Congres  ou  Guerre:  pre- 
cede" d'une  lettre  de  Richard  Cobden.  Paris, 
1868.  8vo.  8026.  g. 


Government  Manufacturing  Establishments.  Speech 
of  Richard  Cobden  in  the  House  of  Commons, 
July  22,  1864,  &c.  London,  1869.  8vo.  8246.  ee.4. 
1872. 

Bishop  Berkeley  on  Money.  Being  Extracts  from 
his  celebrated  Querist,  to  which  is  added  Sir 
John  Sinclair  on  the  Return  to  Cash  Payments 
in  1819,  and  Mr.  Cobden  on  the  Evils  of  Fluc- 
tuation in  the  Rate  of  Discount.  By  James 
Harvey,  Liverpool.  London,  1872.  8vo,  pp.  40. 
-This  contains  at  p.  38  Cobden's  statement 
before  the  Parliamentary  Committee  on  Banks 
of  issue  in  1840. 

1873 

Mr.  Cobden  on  the  Land  Question.  London,  1873. 
8vo.  C.  T.  355.  (7.) -Written  by  Cobden, 
January  22,  1864,  and  published  in  the  Morning 
Star  under  the  signature  of  R.  S.  T.  See  also  the 
next  entry. 

Ouvry  (Henry  Aime).  Stein  and  his  Reforms  in 
Prussia,  with  reference  to  the  Land  Question 
in  England,  and  an  Appendix  containing  the 
views  of  Richard  Obbden,  and  J.  S.  Mill's 
Advice  to  Land  Reformers.  London,  1873.  8vo, 
pp.  xii-195.  8277.  b.  66.— This  contains  the  above 
letter,  which  was  republished  in  the  Daily 
Netvs  and  in  the  Times  (January  7,  1873).  It 
deals  with  the  question  of  primogeniture  and 
the  division  of  the  land. 

1876. 

Facts  for  the  Present  Crisis.  Richard  Cobden  on 
Russia.  Reprinted  from  the  original  Pamphlet 
published  in  1836  under  the  name  of  "A  Man- 
chester Manufacturer."  Third  edition.  Man- 
chester, 1876.  8vo.  8094.  g.  6.  (9.) 

WILLIAM  E.  A.  AXON. 
(To  be  continued.) 


BLACK  DOG  ALLEY,  WESTMINSTER. 
THIS  insignificant,  but  ancient  thorough- 
fare has  been  lately  forced  into  something 
like  notoriety.  It  is  truly  so  insignificant 
that  very  few  Westminster  people  have 
heard  of  it,  and  of  those  who  have  done  so 
fewer  still  could  say  offhand  in  what  part  of 
the  city  it  was  situated.  It  was,  as  its  name 
states,  an  alley  or  court,  shaped  like  the 
letter  L,  one  end  branching  from  Great 
College  Street,  and  the  other  portion  leading 
into  that  part  of  Tufton  Street  which  had 
been  until  1869  known  as  Bowling  Street, 
but  of  which  a  still  earlier  name  had  been 
Bowling  Alley,  which  Walcott  tells  us  was 
erected  upon  the  green  where  the  members 
of  the  convent  amused  themselves  at  the 


game  of  bowls."  Mr.  J.  E.  Smith,  in  hi* 
'St.  John  the  Evangelist,  Westminster: 
Parochial  Memorials,'  1892,  suggests  that 
the  change  was  brought  about  **  when  the 
term  *  alley'  began  to  have  a  depreciative 
meaning."  Neither  of  the  authorities  just 
quoted  affords  any  clue  to  the  origin  of 
Black  Dog  Alley  or  the  date  when  it  was- 
formed,  but  doubtless  it  was  of  a  very 
respectable  antiquity,  and  Walcott  notes 
that  the  site  of  it  was  "Abbot  Benson's 
small  garden."  When  mentioning  this  fact, 
he  says  further  that  the  "hostelry  garden, 
where  the  visitors  of  the  monastery  were 
entertained,  extended  over  the  ground  which 
lay  between  the  bowling  green  and  the 
river-bank."  Stanley,  in  his  'Memorials  of 
Westminster  Abbey,'  reminds  us  that  gardens 
abounded  about  this  spot,  for  at  p.  358 
he  says  that  "in  the  adjacent  fields  were 
the  orchard,  the  vineyard,  and  the  bowling 
alley,  which  have  left  their  traces  in  Orchard 
Street,  Vine  Street,  and  Bowling  Street"; 
and  further  still  were  the  abbot's  gardens 
and  the  monastery  gardens,  reaching  down 
to  the  river. 

Dean  Benson  ruled  at  the  Abbey,  as  the 
last  of  the  Abbots  and  first  of  the  Deans, 
from  1539  to  1541;  but  that  date  cannot  be 
taken  as  a  guarantee  of  the  age  of  this  little 
court.  I  have  looked  at  many  maps  to  try 
to  find  some  particulars  about  it;  but  most  of 
them  are  on  so  small  a  scale  that  it  is  not 
shown  at  all,  including  a  '  New  Pocket  Map 
of  London,'  published  by  Sayer  &  Bennet, 
1783  ;  Sayer's  '  London,  Westminster,  and 
South wark,'  1791;  Laurie  &  Whittle's  'Pocket 
Map/  1792;  'An  Entire  New  Plan  of  the 
Cities  of  London  and  Westminster,'  July  17, 
1817 ;  '  London  and  Westminster,'  published 
by  Faden,  of  Charing  Cross,  January,  1818 ; 
a  map  published  by  Belch,  1820;  one  by 
Moggs,  1842;  'The  British  Metropolis,'  by 
Davies,  1842  ;  and  Laurie's  *  Plan  of  London, 
Westminster,  and  South  wark,'  1843. 

Sir  Walter  Besant,  in  'Westminster,'  1895, 
at  p.  264,  tells  us  that  the  "excellent  map 
of  Richard  Newcourt,  dated  1658,"  shows 
"  Great  College  Street  as  having  no  houses," 
of  course,  on  the  side  opposite  to  the  wall 
enclosing  the  Abbey  buildings  ;  therefore  it 
seems  safe  to  assume  that  Black  Dog  Alley 
could  not  have  been  in  existence  at  that 
time,  and  may*  probably  have  been  formed 
when  Barton  and  Cowley  Streets,  its  close 
neighbours,  were  projected  and  built  by- 
Barton  Booth,  the  actor  (1681-1733),  with 
the  growth  of  "seventeenth  and  eighteenth 
century  respectability,"  as  the  same  autho- 
rity sets  forth. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  JULY  2, 1904. 


la  that  portion  of  the  alley  leading  out  of 
Oreat  College  Street  there  was  probably  a 
"  right  of  way,"  as  it  is  not  unlikely  some  of 
the  houses  in  Barton  Street  had  an  outlet  at 
the  rear  into  it. 

There  is  a  very  fine  map  of  London  in  the 
Westminster  City  Library,  Great  Smith 
Street,  described  as  a  "  Plan  of  London  and 
Westminster,  with  the  Boro'  of  South wark, 
including  the  adjacent  Suburbs,  on  which 
•every  Dwelling-house  is  described  and 
numbered.  Surveyed  and  first  published 
by  Richard  Horwood,  1799."  In  the  edition 
for  1817  Black  Dog  Alley  is  clearly  shown  as 
A  thoroughfare,  as  fronting  on  it  are  three 
cottages  at  the  rear  of  Nos.  5,  6,  and  7, 
Bowling  Street,  now  Tufton  Street,  and  also 
a  building  hard  by  No.  4.  The  opening  is 
shown  on  this  plan  as  between  Nos.  1  and 
2,  College  Street,  and  the  portion  at  right 
angles  with  this  part  entered  Bowling  Street 
between  the  houses  numbered  4  and  5 ;  but 
in  the  case  of  Great  College  Street  it  is 
known  that  the  numbering  of  the  houses 
has  been  changed  since  that  time,  as  No.  1 
has  long  been  at  the  Millbank  end,  and  it  is 
not  unlikely  that  a  change  may  have  been 
made  in  the  other  street— indeed,  it  must 
have  been  so,  for  this  map  shows  two  lots 
of  houses,  both  starting  at  No.  1,  one  con- 
tinuing to  7,  and  the  other  to  10.  In  Mr. 
J.  K  Smith's  l  Memorials  of  St.  John's,'  to 
which  reference  has  been  made,  there  is  a 
very  precise  (albeit  small)  map  of  the  parish, 
in  which  Black  Dog  Alley  is  marked,  though 
unfortunately  the  name  has  been  omitted: 
but  it  is  well  that  so  useful  a  book  has  pre- 
served it  for  future  inquirers. 

There  was  at  the  end  facing  Great  College 
fetreet,  and  behind  the  Barton  Street  houses, 
a  small  building  which  in  its  time  had 
played  many  parts.  It  was  entered  up  two 
steps  through  a  door  in  the  wall,  and  had 
i  the  home  of  a  singing  class,  a  dancing 
academy  (kept,  years  ago,  by  Mr.  North- 

inSVTJi0  <Jiv?di  acfc  the  corner  of  Great 
and  Little  Smith  Streets),  and  afterwards 
a  volunteer  drill  hall.  Still  later  it  was  a 
iting  office,  where  the  type-setting  was 
done  by  female  labour. 

While  the  section  of  Black  Dog  Alley 
entered  from  Great  College  Street  was  open 
to  the  sky,  the  entrance  from  Tufton  Street 
by  an  archway  on  the  ground  level  of 

bv868'  ^n  C!08^  byaSate>  as  ™ybe 
\f  y  T?  lll,U8fcrafclon  afc  P-  28^  of  Sir 
Walter  Besant's  'Westminster.'  The  fact 

rememWen£Wa8  Cl°/ed  by  a  S^e  (which  I 

eraember  being  so  for  manv  years)  would 

seem  to  militate  against  there  having  been  a 


right  of  way  through  its  entire  length,  for, 
so  far  as  my  memory  serves,  it  was  a  very 
rare  occurrence  to  find  the  gate  open,  and, 
as  a  rule,  it  was  not  only  shut,  but  locked. 

A  notice,  dated  21  December,  1903,  signed 
by  "A.  W.  Mills,  of  4,  Chancery  Lane, 
London,  solicitor  for  the  applicants "  (the 
Governors  of  Westminster  School),  was,  on 
or  about  that  date,  affixed  to  both  ends  of 
the  alley,  to  the  effect  that  on 

"  the  12th  day  of  January  next,  at  11.15  of  the  clock 
in  the  forenoon,  application  will  be  made  to  His 
Majesty's  Justices  of  the  Peace,  acting  in  and  for 
the  St.  Margaret's  Division  in  the  County  of  Lon- 
don, at  a  Special  Session  to  be  holden  at  Caxton 
Hall,  Caxton  Street,  in  the  City  of  Westminster, 
in  the  said  county,  for  an  order  for  discontinuing 
and  stopping  up  a  certain  Court,  Alley  or  Place,  in 
the  parish  of  St.  John  the  Evangelist,  leading  from 
Great  College  Street  to  Tufton  Street,  and  known 
as  Black  Dog  Alley." 

No  opposition  was  offered  at  the  meeting 
before  the  Justices,  and  the  desired  permis- 
sion was  granted ;  but  it  is  only  within  the 
last  month  or  two  that  the  place  was  closed 
and  its  existence  was  terminated.  The  work 
of  erecting  additional  buildings  for  West- 
minster School  is  now  being  pushed  forward 
at  this  spot,  as  was  stated  10th  S.  i.  302.  In 
passing,  I  may  say  that  the  other  portion  of 
Black  Dog  Alley,  leading  from  Tufton  Street, 
had  been  closed  and  in  part  demolished  some 
years  ago,  as  it  had  become  a  veritable  slum 
and  the  scene  of  much  that  was,  in  every 
way,  objectionable. 

W.  E.  HAKLAND-OXLEY. 
Westminster. 


DESCENDANTS  OF  MARY,  QTJEEN  OF  SCOTS. 
—It  may  be  of  interest  to  note  that  the 
descendants  of  Mary  Stuart,  who,  living 
three  centuries  ago,  left  but  one  child,  are 
now  to  be  found  in,  I  believe,  every  Court  in 
Europe  with  the  exception  of  Turkey  and 
Servia:  in  England  the  King,  Queen,  and 
Prince  and  Princess  of  Wales;  Hussia,  the 
Emperor,  Empress,  and  Empress-mother; 
the  German  Emperor  and  Empress;  the 
Austrian  Emperor  and  heir-apparent;  the 
exiled  French  royal  family ;  the  King  and 
heir-apparent  of  the  Belgians;  the  Queen 
and  Queen-mother  of  Holland  ;  the  Queen, 
Crown  Prince,  and  Crown  Princess  of  Sweden; 
the  King,  Crown  Prince,  and  Crown  Princess 
of  Denmark  ;  the  King,  Queen,  and  Queen- 
mother  of  Portugal ;  Queen  Isabella  of  Spain, 
Queen  Christina,  and  Alfonso  XIII. ;  the  King 
and  Queen-Dowager  of  Italy;  the  Queen  of 
Naples ;  the  King,  Queen,  Crown  Prince,  and 
Crown  Princess  of  Greece:  the  Queen  of 
Koumania ;  the  wife  of  the  heir-apparent  of 


io*  s.  ii.  JULY  2,  low.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Montenegro  ;  the  King  of  Bavaria,  and  the 
future  Queen,  whom  the  Order  of  the  White 
Rose  consider  our  English  sovereign,  Mary  IV.; 
the  King  and  Queen  of  Wiirtemberg  ;  the 
King  of  Saxony  ;  and,  with  hardly  an  excep- 
tion, the  minor  German  houses. 

From  Queen  Mary  have  descended  fourteen 
sovereigns  of  England,  and  two  queens- 
consort  ;  six  kings,  two  queens,  and  an 
empress  of  France ;  six  emperors  of  Austria, 
ana  at  least  two  empresses  ;  five  kings  of 
Prussia,  two  queens,  three  German  emperors, 
and  two  empresses ;  an  emperor  and  empress 
of  Brazil ;  an  empress  of  Mexico ;  three 
emperors  and  three  empresses  of  Russia ;  three 
kings  and  four  queens  of  Denmark ;  two 
kings  and  three  queens  of  Holland  ;  one 
king  and  two  queens  of  the  Belgians  ; 
five  kings  and  seven  queens  of  Spain ; 
besides  kings  and  consorts  of  Sardinia, 
Naples,  Bavaria,  Wiirtemberg,  and  Saxony. 
Could  Queen  Elizabeth's  shade  be  cognizant 
of  this  record,  she  might  even  more  bitterly 
than  before  feel  the  contrast  between  herself 
— a  "  barren  stock  "—and  the  fair  and  ill- 
fated  progenitrix  of  the  greatest  sovereigns 
of  Europe  for  the  last  three  centuries.  If  we 
exclude  morganatic  and  illegitimate  descents 
— which  would  swell  the  list  to  thousands — 
the  royal  descendants  of  Mary  Stuart  at  the 
present  time  still  number  something  like  four 
hundred  persons.  When  we  consider  how 
many  large  families  utterly  disappear  in  a 
fev  generations,  these  facts  seem  remark- 
able. HELGA. 

CARDINAL  BARTOLOMMEO  GIUDICCIONI.  — 
Moroni,  in  his  *  Dizionario  Ecclesiastico,' 
makes  a  mistake  as  to  his  cardinalitial  title. 
He  was  Cardinal-deacon  of  the  title  of  S. 
Cesareo  from  28  January,  1540,  to  24  Septem- 
ber, 1542,  and  Cardinal-priest  of  the  title  of 
S.  Prisca  from  24  September,  1542,  to  his 
death  on  28  August,  1549.  His  tomb  in  the 
lorth  transept  of  Lucca  Cathedral  has  the 
utterly  un-Christian  motto  : — 

Gcu'aros  dQdvaros,  TO.  AOITTO,  6vt]rd. 
7his  looks  like  a  reminiscence  of  the  quota- 
tion   from    the    TwaiKOKpaTia    of    Amphis 
preserved  in  Athenseus,  viii.  336  c.  (reading 
lorson's  emendation  in  the  second  line) : — 
mvc,  TTCU^*  OvrjTos  6  /2/os,  6'Aiyos  OVTTL  yfj  x/ooVcs' 
o   6a.va.Tos    5'    a#ai>aTos    COTIJ/,    av    a7ra£    TIS 


JOHN  B.  WAINEWBIUHT. 

m  TWEEDLE-DUM  AND  T\VEEDLE-DEE.— Lecky 

ii  his  '  History  of  England '  says  that  the 
rivalry  between  Handel  and  Bononcini 
civided  society  into  factions  almost  like 


those  of  the  Byzantine  empire  ;  and  the  con- 
flicting claims  of  the  two  composers  were 
celebrated  in  a  well-known  epigram,  "  which 
has  been  commonly  attributed  to  Swift,  but 
which  was  in  reality  written  by  Byrom"(vol.  i. 
p.  532).  He  then  in  a  note  quotes  it  thus  : — 

Some  say  that  Signer  Bononcini 

Compared  to  Handel  is  a  ninny ; 

Others  aver  that  to  him  Handel 

Is  scarcely  fit  to  hold  a  candle. 

Strange  that  such  difference  should  be 

'Twixt  tweedledum  and  tweedledee. 

This  is  inaccurate.  What  John  Byrom 
wrote  in  his  *  Miscellaneous  Poems,'  vol.  i. 
p.  343,  is  as  follows  :— 

Some  say,  compar'd  to  Bononcini, 
That  Mynheer  Handel 's  but  a  Ninny ; 
Others  aver,  that  he  to  Handel 
Is  scarcely  fit  to  hold  a  Candle: 
Strange  all  this  Difference  should  be, 
'Twixt  Tweedle-dum  and  T\veedle-dee ! 

It  is  certainly  strange  that  so  accurate  a 
writer  as  Lecky  did  not  verify  his  quotation. 

HARRY  B.  POLAND. 
Inner  Temple. 

'THE  MOST  IMPUDENT  MAN  LIVING.'— 
According  to  Lowndes,  David  Mallet  was 
the  writer  of  the  pamphlet  which  assigned 
supremacy  in  shamelessness  to  Bishop  War- 
burton.  On  the  other  hand,  the  production 
was  freely  attributed  to  Bolingbroke  by  his 
contemporaries,  and  it  is  still  sometimes  said 
to  be  his.  In  trie  monograph  on  Pope  which 
he  contributed  to  "  English  Men  of  Letters," 
Sir  Leslie  Stephen,  curiously  enough,  credits 
both  writers  with  the  critical  assault. 
Speaking  of  Warburton,  chap.  vii.  p.  177,  he 
says  that  his  multifarious  reading  made  him 
conspicuous,  "  helped  by  great  energy,  and 
by  a  quality  which  gave  some  plausibility  to 
the  title  bestowed  on  him  by  Mallet,  *  the 
most  impudent  man  living.'"  Again,  on 
the  subject  of  the  dispute  regarding  the 
publication  of  'The  Patriot  King,' chap.  ix. 
p.  209,  Stephen  writes,  **  A  savage  contro- 
versy followed,  which  survives  only  in  the 
title  of  one  of  Bolingbroke's  pamphlets,  '  A 
Familiar  Epistle  to  the  Most  Impudent  Man 
Living,'  a  transparent  paraphrase  for  War- 
burton."  It  may  be,  of  course,  that  Mallet 
invented  the  descriptive  nickname,  and  that 
Bolingbroke  found  it  serviceable  for  his  con- 
troversial purpose.  THOMAS  BAYNE. 

"THE  BEATIFIC  VISION."  (See 9th  S.  ix.  509 ; 
x.  95,  177,  355,  436  ;  xi.  236.)— I  believe  that 
the  true  genesis  of  this  phrase  is  to  be  found 
in  Plato,  *  Phsedrus,'  250  B,  where  Socrates 
says  :  KuAAos  8e  TOT'  i]v  I8e.lv  Aa/x7r/)ov,  ore 


8 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  n.  JULY  2,  wo*. 


cirofJifvot  fJL€ra  pev  Atos  ^et?,  aAAot  Se  per' 
aAAov  O€MV,  tTSovre  KCU  CT€\OVVTO  TWV  TC\€TMV 
rjv  O^fiLS  Xfyeiv  fj.aKapKDTa.T^Vf  K.r.A.  "And 
then  we  beheld  the  beatific  vision  "  is  Jowett's 
appropriate  rendering.  ALEX.  LEEPER. 
Trinity  College,  Melbourne  University. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

"GO    ANYWHERE    AND     DO     ANYTHING."— If 

ray  memory  serve  me  truly,  this  phrase  was 
made  somewhat  famous  by  its  application  to 
the  Flying  Squadron  a  few  years  ago,  and 
I  then  supposed  it  to  be  a  somewhat  happy 
phrase  coined  for  the  occasion  by  Mr. 
Goschen.  I  find  the  same  words  in  Froude's 
'Caesar,'  chap,  vii.,  where,  speaking  of  the 
Koman  soldiers,  he  says,  "  They  were  ready 
to  go  anywhere  and  do  anything  for  Sylla." 
There  are  the  same  words  in  Younghusband's 
Heart  of  a  Continent,'  chap.  i.  :  "The  mag- 
nificent health  and  strength  which  came 
therewith  inspired  the  feeling  of  being  able 
to  go  anywhere  and  do  anything  that  it  was 
in  the  power  of  man  to  do."  Froude's  work 
was  published  in  1879,  Younghusband's  some 
years  later.  Neither  author  uses  quotation 
marks.  Are  the  words  a  quotation  1  or  can 
they  be  found  in  any  earlier  writers  1 

Lucis. 

[S.  R.  Gardiner  says  in  chap.  liv.  of  his  *  Student's 
History  :  "In  1814  a  large  number  of  the  soldiers 
from  the  late  Peninsular  army— an  army  which, 
according  to  Wellington,  could  go  anywhere  and  do 
*"&  D£7were  8e^o°u^  to  America."  A  quotation 
in  the  Athentnim  of  25  June  from  Gleig's  l  Personal 
Reminiscences  of  the  Duke  of  Wellington '  is  to  the 
effect  that  Wellington  "stated  in  his  evidence 
before  a  Par hamentary  Committee  that  it  This 
nyl  was  the  most  perfect  machine  ever  put 

a°ngd6 doInyThlng/'J  "^  *  he  C°UM  g°  ™^h™ 

SwETT  FAMiLY.-John  Swett  was  a  con- 
iiderable  landowner  in  Salem,  Massachusetts, 
wJ£f  ^  descendants  now  live  in 
Washington.  I  desire,  if  possible,  to  trace 
the  connexion  between  him  and  the  well- 
known  family  of  the  same  name  in  Devon- 

inlSQO       Hard  ^  Was  bailiff  of  Exeter 
90,  and  may  have  been  father  or  uncle 

Oxford.  D<  °SWALD  HUNTER-BLAIR. 


CROQUET  OR  TRICQUET. — In  the  exhibition 
of  "  Les  Primitifs  Frangais,"  now  open  in  the 
Pavilion  de  Marsan  in  the  Louvre,  there  is  a 
tapestry  of  the  sixteenth  century  represent- 
ing, according  to  the  Catalogue,  "le  jeu  de 
Tricquet."  Two  women,  in  short  skirts,  and 
two  men  stand  in  an  oblong  court,  enclosed 
on  two  sides  by  a  wattled  fence.  The  players 
have  clubs  with  heads  on  one  side  only  of 
the  handle.  One  player  is  in  the  act  of 
setting  a  peg  on  the  ground.  There  is  one 
hoop,  in  shape  like  the  hoops  of  the  sixties, 
but  made  of  wood.  There  is  a  photographic 
reproduction  of  the  tapestry  in  the  General 
Catalogue  of  the  Exhibition,  where  it  is 
numbered  286,  and  is  entered  as  "Tenture 
de  Gombaut  et  Macee.  Atelier  de  Tours. 
Appartient  a  M.  Fenaille."  I  should  be  glad 
of  information  about  the  game  "tricquet," 
or— the  word  is  not  in  Littre— is  "  tricquet " 
a  misprint?  F.  R.  P. 

[Cf.  in  Littre"  *  Triquet.'j 

'  PAISLEY  ANNUAL  MISCELLANY.'— Can  any 
one  give  me  information  about  the  *  Paisley 
Annual  Miscellany,'  1612 1  It  is  referred  to 
by  Eyre-Todd  in  his  *  Scottish  Poetry  of  the 
Seventeenth  Century.'  J.  S. 

Chicago. 

KING  OF  SWEDEN  ON  THE  BALANCE  OF 
POWER.— In  John  Wesley's  'Journal'  (20  Sept., 
1790)  is  this  remark  : — 

"I  read  over  the  King  of  Sweden's  tract  upon 
the  Balance  of  Power  in  Europe.  If  it  be  really 
his,  he  is  certainly  one  of  the  most  sensible,  as  well 
as  one  of  the  bravest,  Princes  in  Europe ;  and  if 
his  account  be  true,  what  a  woman  is  the  Czarina  ! " 

I  should  be  glad  to  have  the  correct  title 
of  this  tract.  If  not  by  the  King  of  Sweden, 
who  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  author  of 
it?  Has  it  been  translated  into  English? 
Where  can  it  be  found  1  F.  M.  J. 

"  BIRDS  OF  A  FEATHER  FLOCK  TOGETHER."- 

Can  any  one  give  the  first  use  of  this  proverl 
in  English  1  D.  M. 

[Minsheu,  1599,  has:  "Birdes  of  a  feather  wil 
flocke  togither  "  ('  N.E.D.,'  s.v.  '  Feather').] 

'THE  GOSPEL  OF  GOD'S  ANOINTED.'— I  au 
very  desirous  of  any  aid  that  could  kindty 
be  given  me  to  learn  something  about  tte 
author  of  a  remarkably  intelligent  trans- 
lation of  the  New  Testament,  entitled  *  The 
Gospel  of  God's  Anointed,'  &c.  Darling 
assigns  the  authorship  to  Alexander  Greave;, 
whose  name  appears  as  that  of  the  publishe 
CHARLES  H.  GROVES,  M.D. 

36,  Inverleith  Row,  Edinburgh. 

QUOTATION  IN  RUSKIN.— Can  any  of  you 
readers  tell  me  to  whom  Ruskin  refers  in  th 


io»s.  ii.  Jew  2,i904.;i         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


9 


following  passage  (*  Modern  Painters,' part  iv 
chap,  xii.)  ? — 

"  I  forget  who  it  is  who  represents  a  man  in 
despair  desiring  that  his  body  may  be  cast  into  th 
sea, 

Whose  changing  mound  and  foam  that  passed  awaj 
Might  mock  the  eye  that  questioned  where  I  lay." 

Who  wrote  this  couplet  1  J.  C.  C. 

GERMAN-ENGLISH  DICTIONARY.— What  ii 
the  most  complete  and  up-to-date  German 
English  dictionary  ?  KOM  OMBO. 

[We  find  most  complete  the  Fliigel-Schmidt 
Tanger  'Worterbuch'  (Asher  &  Co..  and  Wester 
mann,  Brunswick) ;  the  Muret-Sanders  '  Encyclo 
paedic  Dictionary,'  2  vols.  of  which  give  the  German 
English  portion  (H.  Grevel  &  Co.,  and  Langen 
scheidtscne  Verlagsbuchhandlung,  Berlin);  and  the 
tenth  edition  of  the  Grieb-Schroer  *  Worterbuch 
(Frowde,  and  Biichle,  Stuttgart).] 

BEER  SOLD  WITHOUT  A  LICENCE. — I  have 
heard  it  said  that  until  quite  recent  days  in 
certain  towns  of  England  at  fair  times  all  the 
householders  had  a  right  by  charter  to  sel 
beer  without  a  licence.  Is  this  true  ?  and  if  so 
which  were  they  ?  EDWARD  PEACOCK. 

Kirton-in-Liudsey. 

OWL  AND  ATHENIAN  ADMIRAL.— In  Keats 's 
4  Endymion '  (book  ii.  1.  22)  is  the  following 
passage  :— 

What  care,  though  owl  did  fly 
About  the  great  Athenian  admiral's  mast? 

I  shall  be  obliged  if  any  one  can  tell  me  of 

the  incident  to  which  reference  is  here  made. 

C.  McL.  CAREY. 

[See  Plutarch's  'Themistocles,'  xii.  Langhorne's 
translation  reads :— "  While  Themistocles  [before 
Salamis]  was  thus  maintaining  his  arguments  upon 
deck,  some  tell  us  an  owl  was  seen  flying  to  the 
right  of  the  fleet,  which  came  and  perched  upon  the 
shrouds.  This  omen  determined  the  confederates 
to  accede  to  his  opinion,  and  to  prepare  for  a  sea 
fight."] 

BLACKETT  FAMILY.— Ann  Blackett,  cousin  to 
Michael  Blackett  (qy.  of  Durham  ?),  married  a 
Mr.  Parcable  (qy.  spelling?),  and  was  the 
mother  of  Elizabeth  Parcable  (qy.  spelling  ?), 

who,  as  daughter  and  co-heir  of Parcable, 

and  co-heir  of  Michael  Blackett,  married  John 
Moule,  living  in  1790  in  Great  Swan  Alley, 
Coleman  Street,  London,  and  earlier  in 
Aldgate.  Wanted  any  further  information 
about  the  persons  named.  The  said  John 
Moule  was  great-grandfather  of  the  present 
Bishop  of  Durham.  CHAS.  A.  BERNAU. 

Marwood,  Crutchfield  Road,  Walton-on-Thames. 

THE  ST.  HELENA  MEDAL.  —  I  should  feel 
much  obliged  for  information  respecting  the 
bronze  medal  known  as  the  St.  Helena  Medal. 
It  is  one  and  a  half  inches  in  diameter,  and 


bears  on  the  obverse  the  head  of  Napoleon 
laureated,     looking    right,     NAPOLEON  .  i 
EMPEREUR  ;    on    the   reverse,    in    an    oute 
circle,  the  words,  CAMPAGNES  .  DE  .  1792  .  A 
1815 ;  and  on  the  field  the  inscription,  A  .  SES 

COMPAGNONS   .   DE  .   GLOIRE  .   SA   .  DERNIERE 

PENSEE  .  ste  HELENE  .  5  MAI  .1821.  The  medal 
is  surmounted  with  an  imperial  crown,  and 
is  attached  to  a  green  ribbon,  with  red 
perpendicular  stripes.  The  name  of  the  artist 
is  not  given,  but  the  execution  is  good,  and 
worthy  of  Denon. 

In  Napoleon's  will  and  in  the  codicils  thereto 
no  sum  of  money  is  set  apart  for  meeting  the 
cost  of  the  medal,  though  gratuities  are  left 
out  of  his  private  purse  to  different  indi- 
viduals of  his  household ;  and  I  find  no 
allusion  to  any  such  "last  thought"  in 
Bourrienne's  '  Memoirs,'  in  O'Meara's  *  Napo- 
leon at  St.  Helena,'  or  in  'Memorial  de 
Sainte  Helene,'  by  the  Count  de  Las  Cases. 
I  should  much  like  to  know  when,  where, 
and  by  whose  directions  this  medal  was 
struck — presumably  by  the  members  of  his 
family  or  his  partisans,  with  the  view  of 
completing  the  medallic  history  of  Napoleon. 
Was  it  ever  distributed  1  JAMES  WATSON. 

Folkestone. 

RUNEBERG,  FINNISH  POET.— Have  the 
works  of  the  Finnish  poet  Runeberg  been 
translated  into  English,  especially  his  '  Fan- 
rik  stals  sagner '  ?  If  so,  by  whom,  and 
where  published  1  SUOMI. 

BENNETT  FAMILY  OF  LINCOLN.— I  shall  feel 
greatly  obliged  for  any  information  relative 
to  the  descendants  of  Charles  Bennett,  of 
Lincoln,  who  married  Dorothy,  daughter  of 
Ralph  Watson,  of  H.M.  Customs,  Newcastle- 
upon-Tyne,  sometime  lieutenant  in  the 
Northumberland  Militia,  and  sister  and 
co-heiress  of  Richard  Pringle  Watson,  of  the 
same  city.  Their  eldest  son  Charles  Watson 
Bennett  married  in  May,  1843,  Ellen,  daughter 
of  Thomas  Henderson,  of  Newcastle. 

H.  R.  LEIGHTON. 

EastBoldon,  R.S.O,  co.  Durham. 

"  KOLLIWEST."— Can  any  reader  tell  me  how 
;his  word  came  to  be  used  in  Mid -Cheshire 
!or  "  contrary  "  and  "  opposite  "  1  It  is  not  in 
An  Attempt  at  a  Glossary  of  some  Words 
used  in  Cheshire,'  by  Roger  Wilbraham,  Esq., 
F.R.S.  and  S.A.,  1817.  C.  L.  POOLE. 

Alsager. 

[The  'E.D.D.'    refers    under    '  Colly weston '  to 
N.  &  Q.,'  6th  S.  ii.  212.    Cf.  '  Conny west.'] 

FEMALE  INCENDIARY.  —  !  should  be  much 

bliged  for  any  particulars— especially  time 

and  place— of  the  following  case.    I  think  it 


10 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       do*  s.  n.  JULY  2,  MM. 


must  have  occurred  in  some  part  of  Germany. 
A  lady,  falsely  accused  of  setting  fire  to  her 
town  was  publicly  tortured  and  finally  burnt 
alive.  Thenceforth  her  supposed  crime  was 
made  the  subject  of  a  yearly  sermon, 
think  it  must  have  been  between  1884  and 
1888  that  her  innocence  was  established. 

F.  R.  J.  H. 

LANCASHIRE  TOAST.— Who  is  the  author  of 
the  following,  which  appeared  in  the  Literary 
World  on  23  January,  1903?— 

Here  's  to  thee  an'  me  an'  aw  on  us. 
May  we  ne'er  want  nowt,  noan  on  us, 
Noather  thee  nor  me  nor  onybody  else, 
Aw  on  us  ;  noan  on  us. 

ROBERT  MURDOCH  LAWRANCE. 
71,  Bon-Accord  Street,  Aberdeen. 


THE  FIRST  WIFE  OF  WARREN  HASTINGS. 

(10th  S.  i.  426,  494.) 

ANXIOUS  to  economize  space,  I  neglected 
to  recapitulate  in  my  former  communication 
the  evidence  (which  first  appeared  in  the 
Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society  of  Bengal 
for  July,  1899,  and  was  cited  by  me  in  an 
article  in  Elackwood's  Magazine  for  April, 
1904)  leading  indubitably  to  the  startling 
conclusion  that  all  the  biographers  of  Warren 
Hastings  have  been  wrong  in  their  identifi- 
cation of  his  first  wife.  As  the  omission  has 
led  to  a  fresh  enunciation  of  the  old  fallacy 
by  two  of  the  correspondents  who  kindly 
referred  to  my  query,  I  will  summarize  the 
case  as  briefly  as  possible. 

In  my  novel  '  Like  Another  Helen,'  pub- 
lished in  1899,  in  which  Hastings  appeared 
as  one  of  the  subsidiary  characters,  I  pointed 
out   that   either    the    date   (1756)    usually 
assigned  to  his  first  marriage  by  his  bio- 
graphers, or  their  identification  of  the  bride 
as  the  widow  of  Capt.  Dougald  Campbell 
accidentally  killed  at  the  capture  of  Baj-baj, 
must  be  wrong,  since  Baj-baj  was  not  capturec 
until  30  or  31  Dec.,  1756.    My  suggestion  was 
that  the  marriage  took  place  in  the  spring 
of    1757 ;   but   a  correspondent,  personally 
unknown    to    me,    writing   from    Calcutta 
pointed  out  that  the  error  lay  in  the  othei 
direction,  and  forwarded  a  copy  of  the  Pro 
ceedings  mentioned  above.     At  the  monthly 
general  meeting  of  the  society  there  reporteo 
a   paper    was    read    by    the    Rev.    H.    B 
Hyde,    MA.,    on    'The    First   Marriage   o 
Warren  Hastings,'  in  which  he  records  hi 
accidental    discovery,    in    a    miscellaneou 
bundle    of     old     Calcutta     Mayor's     Cour 
records,  of  a  "Petition  of  Warren  Hasting 


f  Cossimbazaar,  Gentleman,  in  behalf  of  his 
ife  Mary  Hastings,  relict  to  John  Buchanan, 
ate    of    Calcutta,"    asking    for    letters    of 
dministration    to    the    estate    of    the  said 
Captain  John  Buchanan,  late  of  Calcutta, 
Gentleman,"  who  had  died  intestate-      We 
•now  from  Hoi  well  that  Buchanan  was  the 
nly  one  of  the  senior  military  officers  who 
howed  any  capacity,  or  even  courage,  in  the 
isasters  of  June,  1756,  and  that  he  was  one 
f  the  victims  of  the   Black  Hole.    I  may 
mention   that    there    are  few  things    more 
trange    than    the    utter    absence    of    any 
mention  of  Hastings's  first  marriage  in  the 
fast  mass  of  his  papers  which  I  have  gone 
hrough    at    the    British    Museum;    a    few 
ds  of  perfunctory  condolence  from  Scraf- 
on  on  "yr  Domestick  Misfortunes"  are  the 
mly  trace.  It  may,  of  course,  be  different  with 
he  papers  still  in  private  hands  ;  but  it  is 
vorth  noticing  that  Gleig,  to  whom  large 
quantities  of  these  were  entrusted  for  the 
jurposes  of  his  biography  (as  shown  by  a  list 
nade  by  Mrs.  Hastings  the  second),  gave 
urrency  to  the  mistake  which  has  so  long 
leld  sway.    I  can  only  suggest  that  during 
lastings's  long  married  life  with  his  second 
wife    she    discouraged    so    studiously    any 
reference  to  her  predecessor  that  even   her 
name  was  lost,  and  that  Gleig,  in  collecting 
lis  materials,  followed  some  incorrect  tradi- 
tion,   supported    by    the    fact    of     Capt. 
Campbell's   death    near    the    time    of    the 
marriage. 

With  regard  to  the  tombstone  at  Barham- 
pur  (Malleson)  or  Kasimbazar— according  to 
Mr.  Hyde  (in  the  paper  cited  above),  MR. 
JAMES  WATSON,  and  F.  DE  H.  L.— Malleson 
points  out  that  the  month  of  the  lady's  death 
is  wrong,  and  Mr.  Hyde  that  her  husband 
does  not  seem  to  have  known  her  exact  age, 
since  the  figure  now  reads  merely  "2 — ," 
adding  that  the  remainder  may  have  been 
obliterated  when  the  Bengal  Government 
restored  the  whole  some  years  ago.  Morad- 
bagh  was  the  suburb  or  quarter  of  Murshida- 
bad  in  which  Hastings  lived  as  Resident  at 
the  Nawab's  Court,  and  from  which  all  his 
letters  are  dated.  With  regard  to  his  only 
son  George,  it  is  interesting  to  note  that 
when  he  was  sent  to  England  he  was  placed 
in  the  charge  of  the  Rev.  George  Austen,  of 
Steventon,  and  his  wife,  the  parents  of  Jane 
Austen  —  a  fact  which  certainly  goes  to 
support  that  connexion  between  the  first 
Mrs.  Hastings  and  the  Austen  family  which 
I  am  trying  to  establish. 

Stronger  evidence  than  Mr.  Hyde's  as  to 
the  identity  of  Mary  (Buchanan)  Hastings 
can  hardly  be  required,  but  corroborative 


.  ii.  JULY  2, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


11 


testimony  is  supplied  in  the  Hastings  corre- 
spondence by  Hastings's  care  for  Buchanan's 
daughter,  who  was,  or  course,  his  own  step- 
daughter. The  girl  was  sent  nome  for  educa- 
tion, and  apparently  placed  in  the  charge 
of  Mrs.  Forde,  wife  of  one  of  the  Supervisors 
appointed  with  Vansittart.  This  laay  writes 
in  1773  that  Miss  Buchanan  was  apprenticed, 
but  ran  away  from  her  place  three  months 
before  her  time  was  up.  Her  guardian  then 
took  her  home,  and  engaged  dancing-masters 
for  her,  to  qualify  her  for  returning  to  India ; 
but  she  tired  quickly  of  gentility,  and  at  her 
own  wish  was  sent  to  the  care  of  her  grand- 
mother and  aunt  at  Arklow,  where  she 
crowned  her  misdeeds  by  running  off  with  a 
corporal.  After  this  there  is  a  long  blank  in 
her  history ;  but  in  1797-8  she  reappears  in 
the  correspondence,  a  shameless  and  per- 
sistent beggar,  as  Elizabeth  Finley  or 
Findley.  Hastings  made  her  an  allowance 
of  20Z.  a  year  through  his  brother-in-law 
Woodman,  and  she  makes  perpetual  efforts 
to  anticipate  it  or  get  it  increased. 

Having  cleared  up  this  matter  as  fully  as 
is  at  present  in  my  power,  may  I  venture  to 
repeat  my  request  for  fresh  information  to 
any  reader  who  can  throw  light  on  the 
marriage  of  Capt.  (or  Lieut.)  John  Buchanan, 
of  Craigieven,  and  thus  establish  the  identity 
of  the  first  Mrs.  Hastings  ? 

SYDNEY  C.  GRIER. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY  OF  PUBLISHING  AND  BOOK- 
SELLING (10th  S.  i.  81,  142,  184,  242,  304,  342). 
— I  venture  to  send  some  notes  of  omissions 
in  the  above  which  readily  occur  to  mind, 
others  to  follow  when  you  have  space.  All, 
I  think,  will  form  useful  additions  to  a  great 
store  of  material  awaiting  the  deft  hand  of 
an  Edmund  Gosse  to  weave  it  into  a  history 
of  a  very  complex  trade. 

Publishing  and  bookselling  alone  confine 
one  to  a  somewhat  narrow,  if  not  mercenary, 
outlook  upon  a  business  of  great  antiquity 
and  vast  ramifications,  although  I  admit  the 
mere  production  and  vending  of  books  cannot 
fail  to  be  of  interest  to  many  inside  and  out- 
side the  trade. 

The  subject  seems  shorn  of  half  its  romance 
if  you  purposely  exclude  authorship,  print- 
ing, actions  at  law,  formation  of  libraries, 
adventures  of  rare  books  and  manuscripts, 
and  all  the  other  inextricable  bypaths  of 
literature.  Why  not  make  the  scheme  broad 
and  comprehensive] 

Baxter,  J.  —  The  Sister  Arts:  Paper  Making, 
Printing,  Bookbinding.  Lewes,  1809.  Plates. 
Crown  8vo. 

Blackburn,  Charles  F.— Classified  Catalogue of 

General  Educational  Works  in  use  in  the  United 


Kingdom  and  its  Dependencies  in  1876,  so 
arranged  as  to  show  at  a  glance  what  works  are 
available  in  any  given  branch  of  Education. 
1876.  8vo. 

Rambles  in  Books.    1893.    Portrait.    Crown 
8vo.    500  copies  printed. 

Book  and  News  Trade  Gazette.  Edited  by  Kendall 
Robinson.  1894-5.  4to.— Came  to  an  end  after 
seventy-three  numbers  had  been  issued. 

Book  Auctions.— Vide  Book  Queries,  articles  under 
heading  '  At  the  Rooms.' 

Bookbinder.    (Periodical.)    Consult  indices. 

Bookmart :  a  Magazine  of  Literary  and  Library 
Intelligence.  Pittsburgh,  U.S.,  1884  and  on. 
(Periodical.)  Royal  8vo. 

Book  Queries :  a  Trade  Medium  for  Books,  Prints, 
Manuscripts,  Book  -  plates,  Autographs,  &c. 
(Periodical,  edited  by  VVm.  Jaggard.)  Liver- 
pool, 1894-1902.  4to  and  royal  8vo.  Consult 
indices. 

Bo  wen,  H.  C.— Descriptive  Catalogue  of  Historical 
Novels  and  Tales.  1882.  8vo. 

Bowes,  Robert. — The  Cambridge  University  Press, 
1701-7.  Vide  Camb.  Antiq.  Soc.  ('Comm.' 
vol.  vi.  p.  362). 

Brassington,  W.  Salt.— History  of  the  Art  of  Book- 
binding. 1894.  Illustrated.  4to. 

British  Bookmaker.  (Periodical.)  A  journal  of 
the  book-making  crafts.  Illustrated.  Consult 
indices. 

Brown  and  Watt. — Catalogue  of  Books  illustrating 
the  History  of  Alchemy  and  Early  Chemistry. 
Liverpool,  1890.  Crown  8vo.  Privately  printed. 

Bullock,  C.  F.— Life  of  George  Baxter,  Engraver, 
Artist,  and  Colour  Printer.  1901.  Illustrated. 
8vo. 

Chambers's  Cyclopaedia  of  English  Literature, 
edited  by  David  Patrick.  1903.  Illustrated. 
3  vols.  royal  8vo. 

Clegg,  J. — Bookmen :  Members  of  Learned,  Anti- 
quarian, and  Literary  Societies  in  the  United 
Kingdom.  Rochdale,  1896.  Crown  8vo. 

Dickson  and  Edmond.— Annals  of  Scottish  Printing. 
Cambridge,  1890.  Illustrated.  4to. 

Directory  of  Second-hand  Booksellers.    Edited  by 

Arthur  Gyles.    Nottingham,  1886.    Crown  8vo. 

Ditto,  edited  by  J.  Clegg.     Rochdale,  1888, 

1891,  1894.    Crown  8vo.— As  each  issue  differs 

materially  it  is  advisable  to  consult  all. 

Downing,  William. — Free  Public  Libraries  from  a 
Bookseller's  Point  of  View.  Birmingham,  1886. 
Crown  8vo.  Privately  printed. 

Duff,  E.  Gordon.  —  Early  Printed  Books.  1893. 
Illustrated.  8vo. 

English  Printing  on  Vellum  to  the  Year  1600. 
Privately  printed.    1902.    4to. 

Garnett  and  Gosse. — History  of  English  Literature. 

1903.  Illustrated.    4  vols.  royal  8vo. 
Hearne. — Bibliotheca    Hearniana:    Excerpts    from 

the  Library  of  Thomas  Hearne.  1848.  Portrait. 
4tp.  75  copies  only  printed  (for  private  dis- 
tribution). 

International  Book  Finder.  (Periodical,  edited  by 
Henry  Kimpton.)  1890-3.  Afterwards  amalga- 
mated with  Book  Queries,  which  see. 

Jaggard,  William,  Elizabethan  publisher. — A  Cata- 
logue of  such  English  Books  as  lately  have 
been,  or  now  are,  in  printing  for  publication. 
HilS.  4to. 

Jaggard,  William. —  Bibliography  of  Engineering 
Works  (in  Donaldson's  'Engineers'  Annual'). 

1904.  Crown  8vo. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [ioth  s.  n.  JULY  2, 1904. 


Bookshop  Echoes.  Consult  Book  Queries 
indices. 

Familiar  Names :  a  Legion  of  Honour  (Makers, 
Vendors,  and  Collectors  of  Books).  Consult 
Book  Queries  indices. 

Index  to  the  First  Ten  Volumes  of  'Book- 
Prices  Current.'  1901.  8vo.  (The  date  1897, 
quoted  10th  8.  i.  83  is  incorrect.) 

Jaggard  Press.  (A  temporary  list  of  the 
publications  of  Shakespeare's  printers.)  Vide 
Athenaum.  18  Jan.,  1  Feb.,  15  Feb.,  1902,  and 
24  Jan.,  1903. 

Notable  Bookmakers.  Consult  Book  Queries 
indices. 

Salvation  of  Shakespeare.  Vide  Liverpool 
Daily  Post,  9  Feb.,  1903. 

Knight,  Charles— William  Caxton :  the  First  Eng- 
lish Printer.  1844.  Illustrated.  Crown  8vo. 

William  Caxton.  1877.  Illustrated.  Crown 
8vo. 

Leland,  Charles  Godfrey.— Memoirs.  1893.  Portrait. 
2  yols.  8vo. 

Lemoine,  Henry.  —  Typographical  Antiquities  : 
History,  Origin  and  Progress  of  the  Art  of 

Printing Lives    of    Eminent    Printers 

History  of  the  Walpolean  Press Disserta- 
tion  on   Paper Woodcutting Engraving 

on  Copper Adjudication   of   Literary  Pro- 
perty  Catalogue  of  Remarkable  Bibles 

&c.    1797.    8vo. 

Library,  The:  a  Magazine  of  Bibliography  and 
Library  Literature.  Edited  by  J.  Y.  W.  Mac- 
AUster.  (Monthly  periodical.)  Royal  8vo.— 
For  several  years  prior  to  1898  this  was  the 
official  organ  of  the  Library  Association,  but 
ceased  to  be  so  in  December,  1898.  In  January, 
1899,  the  society's  organ  appeared  under  the 
title  of  the  Library  Association  Record,  and 
until  March,  1899,  the  two  periodicals  were 
issued  concurrently.  After  this  date  the  Library 
was  issued  as  a  quarterly,  under  the  editorship 
of  Mr.  MacAlister,  and  quite  independent  of 
the  Library  Association. 

Library  Association  Record.  (Monthly  organ  of 
the  Incorporated  Association  of  Librarians.) 
Consult  indices. 

Library    World:    a    Medium for    Librarians. 

1898.    (Monthly  periodical.)    Royal  8vo. 

Literary  Year-Book.    (Annual.)    Consult  indices. 

Loftie,  W.  J.— A  Century  of  Bibles,  from  1611  to 

J7*l with  Risburne's   Tract  on  Dangerous 

Errors.    1872.    8vo. 

Lowndes,  W.  T.,  and  Bohn,  H.  G. -Bibliographer's 
Manual.  1861.  11  vols.-Scattered  throughout 
this  invaluable  work  are  notes  which  throw  con- 
Biderable  light  on  the  bookselling  of  earlier  days. 

New  Book  List  for  Bookbuyers,  Librarians,  and 
Booksellers.  Compiled  by  C.  Chivers.  1897-8. 
Koyal  8vo.— Ceased  publication  after  a  brief 
existence. 

Quaritch,  B.—  Contributions  towards  a  Dictionary 
of  English  Book  Collectors,  as  also  of  some 
reign  Collectors  whose  Libraries  were  incor- 
porated with  English  Collectors  or  whose  Books 
are  chiefly  met  with  in  England.  1892-9. 
13  parts.  Royal  8vo. 
8vo3'  W'-Printer8'  Marks-  1893.  Illustrated. 

{Second-hand  Bookseller :  a  Medium  for  buying  and 
selling  all.  Books  for  Cash.  1902.  Royal  8vo. 
—&  monthly  which  existed  for  a  few  issues 


Slater,  J.   Herbert.— Book  -  Prices   Current.     See 

'  Book-Prices  Current,'  10th  S.  i.  83. 
Library  Manual.    1883.    8vp. 
Library  Manual.    Third  edition.    1891.    8vo. 
Round    and    about    the   Bookstalls.      1891. 

crown  8vo. 
Stevens,  Henry. — Recollections  of  James  Lenox,  of 

New  York,  and  the  Formation  of  his  Library. 

1886.    Portraits.    Crown  8vo. 
Taylor,  Isaac.— History   of   the    Transmission    of 

Ancient  Books  to  Modern  Times.    1827.    8vo. 
Universal  Book  Exchange  for  Town  and  Country, 

Home  and  Abroad.    1890.    Royal  8vo.— A  very 

short-lived  periodical. 
Walford,  Cornelius.— Destruction  of  Libraries  by 

Fire.     1880.     Crown  8vo.     Privately  printed. 

Gives  particulars  of  various  booksellers'  and 

publishers'  losses  in  bygone  and  recent  times. 
Some  Points  in  the  Preparation  of  a  General 

Catalogue  of  English  Literature.    1879.    Crown 

8vo.    Privately  printed. 
Walker,  C.  C. — John  Heminge  and  Henry  Condell. 

1896.  Illustrated.  Fcap.  4to.  Privately  printed. 
Watt,  Robt.— Bibliotheca  Britannica.    Edinburgh, 

1824.    4vols.    4to. 

What  to  Read:  a  Guide  to  the  best in  Litera- 
ture.   1902.    4to.— A  weekly  which   seems  to 

have  ended  with  the  first  number. 
Wheatley,  H.  B.— How  to  form  a  Library.     1902. 

Crown  8vo. 

How  to  make  an  Index.    1902.    Crown  8vo. 
Willis,  William.— Shakespeare-Bacon  Controversy: 

a  Report  of  the  Trial  of  an  Issue.     1902.    4to. 
WM.  JAGGAED. 
139,  Canning  Street,  Liverpool. 

The  following  articles  on  Huntingdonshire 
printers,  by  Mr.  Herbert  E.  Norris,  of  Ciren- 
cester,  may  be  worth  including  in  the  above : 
Saint  Ives  and  the  Printing  Press.— St.  Ives,  1889. 

16mo   and   8vp.    Reprinted    from    the   Hunts 

County  Guardian. 
The  St.  Ives  Mercury.— Fenland  N.  &  Q.,  Art.  57. 

1889. 

History  of  St.  Ives.— St.  Ives,  1889.    4to. 
Notes  on  St.  Neots  Printers  (Past  and  Present). — 

St.  Neots,  1901.     16mo.     Reprinted  from  the 

St.  Neots  Advertiser,  4  May,  1901. 
Letter  on    '  Notes  on    St.    Neots    Printers.'— The 

St.  Neots  Advertiser,  29  June,  1901. 
A  Few  Additional  Notes  on  St.  Neots  Printers. — 

The  St.  Neots  Advertiser,  Sept.,  1903. 
The  First  Huntingdonshire  Newspaper.— The  Hunt* 

County  News,  8  Nov.,  1902. 
The  First  Issue  of  the  Northampton  Mercury. — The 

Northampton  Mercury,  19  July,  1901. 
The  First  Huntingdon  Printer:   John  Jenkinson, 

1768-1807.— The  Hunts  County  News,  14  Feb., 

1903.    Reprinted  in  the  Hunts  Post,  29  August, 

1903. 
Ramsey  Printers.— Ramsey  Herald,  20  April,  1904, 

and  the  Hunts  County  News,  23  April,  1904. 

N. 

"  RAMIE  "  (10th  S.  i.  489).— The  china-grass 
fibre  known  as  ramie  is  made  from  the  Chinese 
nettle,  (?  Urtica)  tenacissima  or  utilis.  It  was 
in  1882  that  it  was  foreseen  how  ramie  would 
be  introduced  into  all  branches  of  the  textile 
industry,  and  I  strongly  suspect  that  we 


io*  s.  ii.  JULY  2, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


13 


sometimes  to-day  wear  more  ramie  on  our 
backs  than  was  bargained  for  with  our  tailors. 
In  1884  it  was  being  used  the  world  over, 
both  Indian  ramie  and  China  ramie,  in  the 
manufacture  of  textile  fabrics.  Writing  in 
the  ficononiiste  Franrais  in  the  beginning  of 
1884,  M.  Gaston  Sencier  notes  its  introduction 
in  the  south  of  France,  and  describes  it  as 

"a  lively  plant  which  may  be  cut  several  times  in 
a  year,  and  which  it  is  asserted  may  attain  the  age  of 
a  hundred  years.  The  textile  fibre  of  it  constitutes 
the  bark  of  the  plant,  and  is  impregnated  with  a 
viscous  matter  tolerably  abundant  in  it.  While 
cutting  it  twice  a  year,  we  are  told,  the  Algerian 
climate  will  furnish  80  tons  of  green  stalks  from  a 
hectare  (2i  acres).  Half  of  this  amount  consists  of 
leaves  used  as  fodder  for  cattle  and  material  for 
paper  pulp.  The  remaining  40  tons  consists  of  the 
leafless  stalk,  and  contains  10  per  cent.,  i.e.,  four 
tons,  of  raw  fibrous  matter.  The  removal  of  the 
gern)  in  it  and  cleaning  take  away  another  half, 
so  that  the  hectare  nets  two  tons  of  available 
textile.  It  takes  three  years  ere  a  ramie  plantation 
s  in  full  bearing.  It  may  be  propagated  by  seed, 
sprigs,  &c.,  but  the  best  way  is  to  cut  up  the  root  and 

plant  the  fragments In  1870  the  Government  of 

British  India  offered  to  the  inventor  of  the  best 
machine  for  decorticating  green  ramie  a  premium 
of  5.000/.,  but  no  inventor  obtained  the  prize." 

See  also  La  fiamie,  1  January,  1884 ;  the 
Boletin  del  Departmento  de  Agricultures  of 
Buenos  Ay  res  (an  article  on  'Ramie  in  the 
Argentine  Republic,'  by  Don  Luis  Maria  Utor, 
January  or  February,  1884);  a  lecture  de- 
livered at  the  Society  of  Arts  by  Dr.  Forbes 
Watson  on  'The  Rheea  Fibre'  on  12  Dec 
1883  (William  Trounce,  10,  Gough  Square! 
Fleet  Street) ;  and  Wool  and  Textile  Fabrics, 
12  Jan.,  2  and  16  Feb.,  and  8  March,  1884. 
The  etymology  of  "  rheea"  is  desirable. 

J.  HOLDEN  MAcMlCHAEL. 

This  word  is  not  provincial,  neither  does  it 
belong  to  Lancashire.  It  is  duly  entered  in 
the  'N.E.D.'  There  is  an  account  of  it  in 
*  Chambers's  Encyclopaedia '  under  '  Bceh- 
meria.'  -W.  C.  B. 

This  is  the  name,  in  various  Eastern  lan- 
guages, of  a  kind  of  nettle,  the  bark  of  which 
furnishes  a  fine  and  strong  thread,  now  used 
as  a  substitute  for  flax.  In  Malay  and 
Javanese  it  is  pronounced  rami,  in  Sundanese 
rameh.  Crawfurd's  4  Malay  Dictionary/  1852, 
defines  it  as  "a  nettle  of  which  cordage  is 
made."  JAMES  PLATT,  Jun. 

Ramie  is  rhea  fibre,  the  produce  of  Bceh- 
mena  myea.  See  Watt's  '  Dictionary  of  the 
Economic  Products  of  India,'  vol.  i.  p.  468. 

I.  B.  B. 

[DR.  FOKSHAW,  I.  C.  G.,  MR.  WALTER  B.  KINCS- 
i"Ki>,  the  REV.  C.  S.  WARD,  and  other  corre- 
spondents are  thanked  for  replies.] 


A  WELL-KNOWN  EPITAPH  (10th  S.  i.  444).— 
The  Roman  inscription  quoted  is  given  in 
facsimile  in  Hiibner's  'Exempla  Scripture 
Epigraphicse,'  §  1130,  p.  404.  The  peculiarity 
of  this  inscription  is  that  "  vo6iscum "  is 
spelt  "voviscum,"  as  given  by  MR.  HORTON 
SMITH.  HERBERT  A.  STRONG. 

"ALIAS"  IN  THE  SIXTEENTH  AND  SEVEN- 
TEENTH CENTURIES  (9th  S.  xii.  190,  277). — 
BEACON  may  be  interested  in  the  following 
case  of  double  surnames  occurring  in  the 
parish  registers  and  wills  of  a  family  in 
Guildford  to  whom  my  ancestors  were; 
related.  In  1560,  in  the  parish  register  of 
Holy  Trinity,  is  to  be  seen  the  entrv  "  John 
Gilbertsonne  alias  Derricke " ;  and  as  the 
family  remained  in  Guildford  there  are 
seventy  entries  in  this  one  parish  register  of 
the  Gilbertsonne  alias  Derricke  family.  The 
last  entry  written  in  this  way  was  in  1685. 
The  wills  of  the  various  members  of  the 
family  from  1563  to  1680  are  also  carefully 
made  in  the  same  form.  The  use  of  this- 
double  surname  might  be  understood  by 
some  intermarriage  with  a  foreign  family, 
such  as  a  Flemish  immigrant  of  the  name  of 
Derricke ;  but  why  it  was  so  carefully  con- 
tinued for  120  years  is  not  easy  to  compre- 
hend. DAVID  WILLIAMSON. 

WHITE  TURBARY  (10th  S.  i.  310).— As  no- 
one  has  answered  the  query  of  W.  E.  S.,  I 
should  advise  him  to  submit  a  characteristic 
specimen  of  the  plant  to  some  botanist  of 
his  acquaintance,  who  would  give  him  its 
scientific  name.  Or  if  he  will  send  me  such 
a  specimen  to  the  address  given  below,  I  will 
get  it  identified  for  him.  I  see  that  the  name 
dewon  is  among  a  list  of  words  given  in 
Wright's  'Dialect  Dictionary3  respecting 
which  information  is  desired. 

JOSEPH  A.  MARTINDALE. 

Staveley,  Kendal. 

FRANCE  AND  CIVILIZATION  (10th  S.  i.  448). 
— I  may  mention  two  curious  plates  or  tablets 
on  the  stairs  of  the  Museum  at  Boulogne-sur- 
Mer,  dated  1572,  one  recording  that "  England 
and  France  together  can  conquer  the  world, 
and  the  other  '*  That  England  and  France 
have  more  common  sense  than  all  the  world," 
written  no  doubt  by  some  enthusiastic  Eng- 
lishman during  a  temporary  peace  between, 
the  many  wars  of  that  period. 

J.    DUNNINGTON  JEFFERSON. 

BUNNEY  (10th  S.  i.  489).— Duly  given  in  the 
'  Eng.  Dial.  Diet.,'  but  without  an  etymology.   * 
It  not  only  means  a  chine,  but  a  culvert,  or 
conduit  for  water.  The  final  -y  in  such  words 
often  arises  from  the  French  suffix  -£     The 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  n.  JULY  2, 


word  seems  to  me  to  be  precisely  the  O.F. 
•bonne,  "tuyau,  canal"  (Roquefort);  from 
O.F.  boune,  "  borne  "  (Koquefort) ;  probably  a 
misprint  or  misspelling  for  bonne.  In  Picard 
and  Normandy  and  in  the  Rouchi  dialect 
the  E.  word  bourne,  a  boundary,  limit,  F. 
borne,  appears  as  bonne;  see  Moisy  and 
Hecart.  As  to  the  sense,  the  gully  or  chine 
is  a  bonne"— i.e.,  is  bounded  or  limited  by  its 
two  sides  or  edges ;  hence  the  senses  of 
•channel,  canal,  aqueduct,  culvert,  and  the 
like.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

In  the  'Evidence  before  the  Hull  Dock 
Committee,'  1840,  p.  146,  mention  is  made 
of  timber  being  taken  into  a  pond  by  a 
"bunney."  The  'N.E.D.'  quotes  only  from 
Black  more,  in  1873.  W.  C.  B. 

Annandale  in  his  '  Imperial  Dictionary ' 
«avs  that  in  tin  and  copper  mines  a  great 
collection  of  ore  without  any  vein  coming 
into  or  going  out  from  it  is  so  called. 

I  have  also  heard  it  applied  to  the  stone 
slab  or  rough  stone  arch  thrown  over  a 
narrow  watercourse,  such  as  a  ditch  or  land 
drain,  where  it  has  to  be  crossed  by  a  foot- 
way or  by-road. 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

"THERE'S  NOT  A  CRIME,"  &c.  (10th  S.  i. 
508).— These  lines  are  in  the  Third  Book  of 
Mrs.  Browning's  '  Aurora  Leigh.' 

WALTER  B.  KINGSFORD. 

United  University  Club. 

COLD  HARBOUR  (10th  S.  i.  341,  413,  496).— 
The  balance  of  opinion  is  certainly  in  favour 
of  the  explanation  "cold  harbour,"  but  this 
is  very  far  from  meeting  all  the  circumstances, 
and  to  my  mind  is  far  from  satisfactory 
Quite  certainly  Cold  Harbours  are  by  no 
means  always  on  Roman  or  important  high- 
ways, and  there  is,  I  believe,  no  direct 
evidence  of  the  existence  of  such  harbourages 

S£g         y  are  certainly  not  impossible 

There  is  another  suggested  derivation, 
from  Colhs  Arborum,  the  hill  of  trees,  that 
has •  suffered  from  its  appearing  too  simple 
to  be  true.  A  little  while  ago  I  saw  reference 
1  think  in  an  account  of  a  motor  race,  to  a 
place  in  France  called  Col  d'Arbres.  if  this 
be  a  genuine  old  name,  it  would  seem  to 
settle  the  question,  a*  the  German  or  Flemish 

kalt  herbergh  might  very  well  be  a  per- 
version of  the  Roman  word. 

.1  suppose  that  a  French  gazetteer  would 
pve  references  to  the  name,  and  the  matter 
is  certainly  worth  investigation.  Any  one 
with  an  eye  for  landscape  knows  that  a 
wooded  hill  is  by  no  means  a  frequent 


object;  indeed,  clumps  of  trees  are  among  the 
best-known  landmarks.  The  Romans,  who 
introduced  so  many  trees,  might  very  well 
have  planted  them  as  landmarks,  or  even  for 
the  purpose  of  growing  timber. 

RALPH  NEVILL,  F.S.A. 
Guildford. 

FLAYING  ALIVE  (9th  S.  xii.  429,  489  ;  10th  S. 
i.  15,  73,  155,  352).— One  of  the  most  notable 
cases  of  flaying  alive  was  that  of  Marcantonio 
Bragadino,  who  with  Astorre  Baglione  com- 
manded the  garrison  of  Fainagusta,  and 
withstood  the  Turks  for  a  year.  Compelled 
by  famine  and  fatigue,  the  generals  capitu- 
lated on  favourable  terms — inter  alia,  that 
the  garrison  should  march  out  with  all  the 
military  honours,  and  be  supplied  with 
proper  vessels  to  transport  them  to  Crete. 

Mustapha  Pasha,  however,  broke  his  word. 
Baglione  and  others  were  murdered.  Braga- 
dino was  reserved  for  special  torture  and 
death.  Here  is  one  account  of  his  suffer- 
ings :— 

"  His  nose  and  ears  being  cut  off,  he  was  rolled 
together  like  a  ball,  and  crammed  into  a  hole, 
scarce  wide  enough  to  hold  him  in  that  painful 
attitude  ;  then  he  was  taken  out  that  he  might  not 
expire  too  soon,  and  forced  to  kiss  the  ground  upon 
which  the  ruffian  Pasha  trod:  They  afterwards 
tied  him  naked  to  the  yard's  arm  of  one  of  their 
gallies,  that  he  might  be  exposed  to  the  scoffs  and 
ridicule  of  the  spectators ;  and  at  last,  when  they 
found  that  he  could  not  live  much  longer,  he  was 
hung  up  by  one  heel  and  flead  alive.  During  the 
whole  progress  of  these  torments,  he  was  never 
once  seen  to  shrink :  a  circumstance  which  stung 
the  brutal  mussulman  to  the  soul.  His  skin  was 
salted,  stuffed,  dried,  and  placed  in  the  arsenal  at 
Constantinople."—'  Travels  through  different  cities 
of  Germany,  Italy,  Greece,  and  several  parts  of 
Asia,'  by  Alexander  Drummond,  Esq.,  His  Majesty's 
Consul  at  Aleppo,  London,  1754,  Letter  vi.  or  about. 

I  take  the  above  from  "  Excerpta  Cypria. 
Translated  and  transcribed  by  Claude  Dela- 
val  Cobham.  Nicosia,  Herbert  E.  Clarke, 
1895,"  p.  188  et  seq. 

In  the  same  book  (p.  97)  is  an  account  of 
the  death  of  Bragadino,  which  differs  a  little 
from  the  above.  It  is  from  chap.  xvi.  of 
"Itinerarium  Hierosolymitanum  et  Syria- 
cum,  Auctore  loanne  Cotovico,"  published  at 
Antwerp  "Apud  Hieronvmum  Verdussium 
MDCXIX.,"  translated  by  Mr.  Cobham.  Van 
Kootwyck  (otherwise  Cotovicus)  omits  the 
rolling  up  like  a  ball,  the  cramming  into 
the  hole,  the  forcing  to  kiss  the  ground,  the 
tying  to  the  yardarm,  and  the  hanging  up 
by  the  heel,  but  adds  that  Mustapha  ordered 
the  skin  to  be  stuffed  with  straw,  hung  on  a 
mast,  and  so  taken  to  Constantinople. 

"After  many  years  had  passed  his  brother  and 
sons  bought  it  for  a  great  price,  carried  it  to 


.. 


io-  s.  ii.  JITLV  2, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


15 


Venice,  and  saw  it  laid  in  a  marble  urn  in  the 
church  of  SS.  Giovanni  e  Paolo,  with  this  inscrip- 
tion to  the  memory  of  a  most  fond  father,  and  a 
leader  of  undying  fame. 

D  .  o  .  P  . 

M  .  ANTONII  BRAGADENI   DUM   PRO  FIDE  ET  PATRIA 
BELLO  CYPRIO  SALAMI \JK  CONTRA  TURCAS 

CONSTANTER 

FORTITERQ  .  CURAM  PRINCIPEM  SUST1NERET  LONG  A 
OBSIDIONE   VICTI  A  PERFIDA  HOSTIS  MANU   IPSO 

VIVO  AC 
INTREPIUE  SCFFERENTE  DETRACTA 

PELLIS 
ANN  .  SAL  .  CIO  .  1C  .  LXXI  .  XV  .  KAL  .  SEPT  . 

ANTON  .  FRATRIS 
OPERA  ET  IMPENSA  BYZANTIO  HUC 

ADVECTA 

ATQUE  HIO  A   MARCO   HERMOLAO  ANTONIOQUE   FILIIS 
PIENTISSIMIS   AD  SUMMI   DEI  PATRIA  PATERNIQUE 

NOMINIS 
CLORIAM  SEMPITERNAM 

POSITA 
ANN  .  SAL  .  CIO  .  1C  .  LXXXXVI  .  VIXIT  ANN  .  XLVI  . 

In  the  south  transept  of  the  Milan  Cathe- 
dral is  the  remarkable  statue  of  St.  Bar- 
tholomew by  Marco  Agrate.  The  saint  is 
represented  flayed,  with  his  skin  on  his 
shoulder.  The  statue  has  the  following 
inscription  : — 

Non  me  Praxiteles  sed  Marcus  finxit  Agrates. 
ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

KENTISH  CUSTOM  ON  EASTER  DAY  (10th  S.  i. 
324,  391).— With  regard  to  MR.  HUSSEY'S 
valued  note  as  to  the  non-existence  of  the 
Biddenden  maids  named  Chulkhurst,  the 
whole  story  is  discredited  by  competent 
antiquaries.  Hasted,  in  his  *  History  of  Kent,' 
states  that  the  print  on  the  cakes  is  of  modern 
origin,  and  considers  the  land  to  have  been 
given  by  two  maidens  named  Preston.  The 
place  was  formerly  called  Benenden  (see 
Dugdale's  *  British  Traveller').  This  would 
be  pronounced  Binden,  probably,  and  hence 
a  notion  that  Binden  was  a  corruption  of 
Biddenden.  Would  it  not  be  worth  while 
examining  the  index  of  wills  for  the  name  of 
Preston  1  J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

THE  LOBISHOME  (10th  S.  i.  327,  417,  472).— 
In  Murray's  'Handbook  for  Portugal,'  1864 
edition,  with  reference  to  the  province  of 
Traz  os  Montes  (p.  186),  among  other  super- 
stitions, the  writer  says  : — 

"Here  also  the  belief  in  bent.au  is  in  full  force ; 
they  correspond  very  nearly  to  the  possessors  of  the 
power  of  second  sight  in  Scotland." 

Then  follows  verbatim  (save  for  some  half- 
dozen  words)  the  passage  quoted  at  the  first 
reference  by  X.  M.  &  A.  Did  the  Rev.  J. 
Mason  Xealo  edit  the  ' Handbook'? 

Lord  Carnarvon,  when  en  route  from  Mertola 
to  Beja,  stopped  at  an  inn  ('Portugal  and 
Galicia,'  third  edit.,  1848,  p.  268)  :— 


"  Here  I  observed  a  man  of  singular  appearance, 
sitting  apart,  not  speaking  himself,  or  spoken  to  by 
others.  His  face  was  pale  and  haggard,  his  eyes 
deep  sunk,  and  his  hairs  were  prematurely  grey. 
The  Borderer  whispered  in  my  ear  that  he  was  one 
of  the  dreadful  Lobishomens,  a  devoted  race,  held 
in  mingled  horror  and  commiseration,  and  never 
mentioned  without  emotion  by  the  Portuguese  pea- 
santry. They  believe  that,  if  a  woman  be  delivered 
of  seven  male  infants  successively,  the  seventh, 
by  an  inexplicable  fatality,  becomes  subject  to  the 
powers  of  darkness,  and  is  compelled  on  every 
Saturday  evening  to  assume  the  likeness  of  an  ass.* 
So  changed,  and  followed  by  a  horrid  train  of  dogs, 
he  is  forced  to  run  an  impious  race  over  the  moors, 
and  through  the  villages,  nor  is  allowed  an  interval 
of  rest  till  the  dawning  Sabbath  terminates  his 
sufferings,  and  restores  him  to  his  human  shape. 

A  wound  inflicted  upon  the  poor  victim can 

alone  release  him  from  this  accursed  bondage." 

In  *  Travels  in  Portugal,'  by  John  Latouche 
(Oswald  J.  F.  Crawfurd),  published  1875,  I 
find  on  p.  329  :— 

"The  wehr-wolf  belief  is  almost  universal  in 
Northern  and  Western  Portugal,  and  the  existence 
of  witches  and  warlocks  and  revenants  of  every  kind 
is  established  on  evidence  more  than  sufficient  to 
convince  Mr.  Wallace  of  spiritualistic  celebrity." 

Mr.  Crawfurd  attributes  (p.  26)  this  super- 
stition to  the  influence  of  the  Romans,  fur- 
ther observing  that  the  language  "is  nearer 
to  Latin  than  any  other  known  tongue,"  and 
that  the  cultivation  of  the  soil,  "to  this  day, 
is  done  in  accordance  with  the  precepts  of 
Cato  and  Columella." 

"The  type  of  Latin  legend  to  which  I  refer  is 
that  well-known  and  most  grisly  and  hideous  of  all 
ghost  stories,  the  tale  of  the  soldier  in  Petronius 
Arbiter." 

He  then  narrates  a  gruesome  story  illus- 
trating this  weird  belief,  told  to  him  by  a 
farmer  who  was  an  actor  in  the  events,  some 
twenty  years  earlier. 

Is  not  the  root  of  this  belief  to  be  found  in 
cases  of  children,  lost  or  abandoned  in  wild 
places,  who  have  survived,  like  Caspar  the 
German  boy,  or  Mowgli  in  Rudyard  Kipling's 
'In  the  Rukh'?  M  tiller,  the  head  of  the 
woods  and  forests  in  India,  speaking  to 
Gisborne,  says : — 

"  Now  I  tell  you  dot  only  once  in  my  service, 
and  dot  is  thirty  years,  haf  I  met  a  boy  dot  began 
as  this  man  began.  Und  he  died.  Sometimes  you 
hear  of  dem  in  der  census  reports,  but  dey  all 
die.  Dis  man  [Mowgli]  haf  lived,  and  he  is  an 
anachronism,  for  he  is  before  der  Iron  Age,  and  der 
Stone  Age." 

I  have  read  a  story  (by  Rudyard  Kipling?) 
of  the  capture  of  a  wild  boy,  who  dies  from 
the  effects  of  confinement  and  change  of  diet; 
he  could  not  speak  when  caught,  but  utters 
before  his  death  two  or  three  words,  vaguely 
remembered  from  infancy.  R.  W.  B. 


*  Did  not  the  author  mean  to  write  a  wolf  2 


16 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


s.  n.  JULY  2,  190*. 


TITULADOES  (10th  S.  i-  449). -It  has  already 
been  explained  at  5«-  S.  viii  238  that  they 
were  persons  who  were  found  in  possession 
of  lands  in  Ireland  about  1659,  and  who  might 
be  supposed  to  have  a  presumptive  title  to 
them.  In  fact,  the  Census  would  appear  to 
give  a  list  of  the  Cromwellian  proprietors 
before  the  settlement  of  the  Court  of  Claims 
after  the  restoration  of  Charles  II. 

EVERARD   HOME   COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

"  Tituladoes  "  is  a  very  late  Anglo-Saxon 
way  of  writing  Castilian  titulados=u  titled 
people  "  or  "men  of  quality."  Another  proof 
of  the  influence  of  Spain  upon  Ireland  is  the 
fact  that  the  English  "  sixpence  "  is  still  called 
in  the  Gaelic  of  Kerry,  as  I  was  there  told  in 
1897,  a  real,  the  name  of  a  Spanish  coin,  now 
worth  only  25  centimes,  but  formerly  more. 
E.  S.  DODGSON. 

This  word  is  doubtless  the  Spanish  titulado, 
a  person  having  a  title.    The  so-called  Census 
of  Ireland  of  1659    appears  to  have    been 
compiled  in  connexion  with  "  An  Ordinance 
for  the  speedy  raising  of  moneys  towards  the 
supply  of  the  Army  and  for  defraying  of 
other  Publick  Charges,"  which  was  made  by 
the  General  Convention  of  Ireland  in  1660, 
a  few  weeks  before  the  Restoration.    This 
ordinance,  after  mentioning  the    vexatious 
oppressions  which  had   been  occasioned  by 
the  unequal  levying  of  public  assessments, 
provides  for  the  imposition  of  a  capitation 
tax  on  every  person  of  either  sex  over  fifteen 
years  of  age.    It  orders  that  those  under  the 
rank  of  a  yeoman  or  farmer  should  pay  12d 
of  a  gentleman  2s.,  of  an  esquire  4s.,  of  a 
knight  10s.,  of  a  baronet  20s.,  of  a  baron  30s. 
of  a  viscount  4£.,  of  an  earl  5J.,   and  of  a 
marquis  6/.,  and  that  a  marquis  should  paj 
8/.     The  tituladoes  would  therefore  appeal 
to  have  been  the  persons  who  were  to  be 
assessed  at  a  higher  rate  than  the  populace 
and   the  supposition  that  only  those  ove 
fifteen  years  of   age  were  included  in  th_ 
enumeration  would  show  that  the  population 
was  not  then  so  extraordinarily  small  as  th 
figures  in  the  Census  indicate. 

F.  ELRINGTON  BALL. 
Dublin. 

TRIAL  OF  QUEEN  CAROLINE  (10th  S.  i.  127 
174).— See  "  Minutes  of  Evidence  taken  o 
the  Second  Reading  of  the  Bill  intitule 
4  An  Act  to  deprive  Her  Majesty  Carolin 
Amelia  Elizabeth  of  the  Title,  Prerogative. 
Rights,  Privileges,  and  Exemptions  of  Quee 
Consort  of  this  Realm,  and  to  dissolve  th 
Marriage  between  His  Majesty  and  the  sai 
Caroline  Amelia  Elizabeth,'"  which  wer 


Ordered  to  be  printed  21st  August,  1820. ' 
hey  are  'Lords'  Paper'  105  of  1820.  My 
opy  is  bound  up  with  "  Communications  on 
he  part  of  the  Queen  with  His  Majesty's 
Government.  Laid  before  both  Houses  of 
parliament,  June,  1820.  London  :  Printed  by 
I.  G.  Clarke,  at  the  London  Gazette  Office, 
Iso  the  Bill  and  a  few  newspaper  extracts, 
)ne  of  the  last  gives  a  list  of  the  "  peers  who 
oted  for  the  Queen  on  the  third  reading," 
ith  three  columns  of  figures  headed  respec- 
ively  *  Their  Wives,'  '  Daughters  above 
8  years,'  'Mothers,  Sisters,  and  Aunts/ 
'hus  the  first  in  the  list,  Arden,  is  given  as 
aving  one  wife,  three  daughters  above 
8  years,  and  three  of  the  last  category.  The 
otals  are  74  wives,  68  daughters  above  18, 
,nd  220  mothers,  sisters,  and  aunts.  Then 
ollows :  "  Grand  Total  of  Females  362  ! ! 
?he  above  is  an  accurate  statement  of  the 
emale  connexions  of  the  Peers  who  opposed 
he  third  reading  of  the  Queen's  "  (I  suppose 
;hat  "  divorce  bill "  would  complete  the  sen- 
ence).  It  is  no  doubt  intended  to  be  implied! 
,hat  petticoat  influence  defeated  the  BilL 
The  extract  is  without  name  or  date. 

There  is  a  book  called  "  The  Royal  Exile  ; 
3r,  Memoirs  of  the  Public  and  Private  Life 
of  Her  Majesty,  Caroline,  Queen  Consort  of 

Great  Britain by  J.  H.  Adolphus.  London, 

1821,"  two  volumes.  My  copy,  which  has 
many  coloured  portraits,  &c.,  has  at  the  end 
of  vol.  ii.  "The  Death-Bed  Confessions  of 
;he  late  Countess  of  Guernsey  to  Lady  Anne 

H "  thirty-first  edition,  with  a  coloured 

frontispiece.  ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

PHCEBE  HESSEL,  THE  STEPNEY  AMAZON 
(10th  S.  i.  406).— I  think,  if  one  may  credit  the 
Admiralty  and  Horse  Guards  Gazette  of  some 
few  years  back,  that  Phoebe  Hessel's  monu- 
ment in  Brighton  churchyard  gives  her 
birthplace  as  Chelsea,  not  Stepney.  She 
served  for  many  years,  according  to  the 
account  alluded  to,  in  the  5th  Foot,  but 
Kirke's  Lambs  were,  I  believe,  the  2nd  Foot, 
Living  at  Brighton,  she  became  known 
to  George  IV.,  then  Prince  Regent,  who  sent 
to  ask  what  sum  of  money  would  make  her 
comfortable.  "  Half-a-guinea  a  week,"  re- 
plied old  Phoebe, "  will  make  me  as  happy  as  a 
princess."  This  was  paid  her  till  21  December, 
1821,  when  she  died,  aged  108  years. 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 
"THE     BETTER    THE    DAY   THE     BETTER    THE 

DEED"  (10th  S.  i.  448).— In  4th  S.  v.  285  it  was 
pointed  out  that  this  was  an  English  render- 
ing of  a  French  proverb,  "Bon  jour,  bonne 
ceuvre,"or,  making  the  meaning  clear  enough, 
"Aux  bons  jours  les  bonnes  ceuvres."  At 


ii.  JULY  2, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


17 


p.  548  there  is  the  conclusion  of  a  judgment 
by  Chief  Justice  Holt  (given  in  the '  Reports,' 
1028),  in  which  he  says  :— 

"The  Judges  of  the  Common  Pleas  are  of  another 
opinion,  but  I  cannot  satisfy  myself  with  their 
reasons.  I  think  the  better  day,  the  better  deed." 

It  is  so  given  in  his  *  Dictionary  of  Quota- 
tions,' 1893,  by  the  Rev.  James  Wood,  who 
ascribes  it  to  Walker. 

EVERARD   HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

The  addition  of  "  should  be "  is  quite  a 
departure  from  the  usual  proverbial  brevity, 
and,  to  judge  from  the  corresponding  con- 
tinental forms,  incorrect.  The  French  say, 
"  Bon  jour,  bon  ceuvre,"  or  rather  "  bonne 
-ceuvre";  the  Spaniards,  "  En  buen  dia  buenas 
obras":  and  the  Portuguese,  "Em  bons  dias 
bons  ooras."  Ray  gives  the  Latin  form  as 
"  Dicenda  bona  sunt  bona  verba  die,"  and  the 
English  as  "  The  better  the  day  the  better 
the  deed."  J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

TEA  AS  A  MEAL  (8th  S.  ix.  387  ;  x.  244 ;  9th 
S.  xii.  351 ;  10th  S.  i.  176,  209,  456).— Perhaps 
the  following  quotation  from  Fanny  Kemble's 
*  Records  of  Later  Days'  may  be  of  interest. 
Writing  on  27  March,  1842,  she  says  :— 

"My  first  introduction  to  'afternoon  tea'  took 
place  during  this  visit  to  Belvoir,  when  I  received 
on  several  occasions  private  and  rather  mysterious 
invitations  to  the  Duchess  of  Bedford's  room,  and 
found  her,  with  a  '  small  and  select '  circle  of  female 
guests  of  the  castle,  busily  employed  in  brewing 
and  drinking  tea,  with  her  grace's  own  private  tea 
kettle.  I  do  not  believe  that  now  universally 
honoured  and  observed  institution  of '  five  o'clock 
tea '  dates  further  back  in  the  annals  of  English 
civilization  than  this  very  private  and,  1  think, 
rather  shamefaced  practice  of  it." 

EDWARD  STEVENS. 
Melbourne. 

Note  may  be  made  of  the  belief  of  "a 
leading  journal  of  Bordeaux,"  which  (as 
recorded  by  Mr.  Bodley  in  his  introduction 
to  the  recently  published  translation  of  M. 
Emile  Boutmy's  study  of  the  political  psy- 
chology of  the  English  people)  last  autumn 
observed  that  no  midday  meal  in  England 
was  complete  without  its  proper  complement 
of  "  whisky,  tea,  and  porter."  A.  F.  R. 

POTTS  FAMILY  (10th  S.  i.  127,  434).— Pedi- 
grees of  this  family  are  contained  in  the 
following  works  : — Burke's  'Extinct  Baronet- 
cies,' p.  422  ;  Burke's '  Landed  Gentry,'  eighth 
edition  ;  and  Blomefield's  '  History  of  Nor- 
folk,' vol.  vi.  p.  464.  The  first- mentioned 
authority  states  that  this  family,  originally 
of  the  counties  of  Chester  and  Lancaster, 
removed  into  Norfolk  in  the  sixteenth  cen- 


tury, and  settled  at  Mannington.  Sir  John 
Potts,  of  Mannington,  created  a  baronet  in 
1641,  was,  according  to  Burke,  great-great- 
grandson  of  Sir  William  Pot,  whose  grandson 
in  1583  had  arms  granted  him,  Az.,  two 
bars  ;  over  all  a  bend  sa.  The  title  became 
extinct  on  the  death  of  Sir  Chas.  Potts  in 
1731-2,  cet.  fifty-six. 

The  name  occurs  in  the  church  or  church- 
yard at  Ellough,  Suffolk  (see  *  Inscriptions,' 
by  F.  A.  Crisp).  CHAS.  H.  CROUCH. 

5,  Grove  Villas,  Wanstead. 

OUR  OLDEST  MILITARY  OFFICER  (10th  S.  i. 
389).— According  to  Hart's  'Army  List'  for 
1904,  there  was  still  living  on  31  December, 
1903,  General  Charles  Algernon  Lewis,  of  the 
North  Staffordshire  Regiment  (64th  Foot), 
whose  first  commission  was  dated  13  October, 
1825,  as  well  as  General  Henry  Carr  Tate,  of 
the  Royal  Marine  Artillery,  whose  dates  from 
30  June,  1829 ;  but  it  is  possible  that  even 
these  are  not  the  oldest  surviving  military 
officers.  In  regard  to  the  senior  service,  the 
'Royal  Navy  ^List3  for  April,  1904,  gives 
Admiral  Sir  Erasmus  Ommanney  as  having 
entered  the  navy  in  August,  1826 ;  Admiral 
Sir  Edward  Gennys  Fanshawe  in  September, 
1828 ;  and  Admiral  Sir  Arthur  Farquhar 
|  on  13  March,  1829;  and  of  these  Admiral 
Ommanney  is  specially  to  be  noted  as  having 
taken  part  in  the  battle  of  Navarino  in  1827. 

Concerning  the  longest-service  volunteer, 
as  a  kindred  subject,  it  may  be  added  that 
Lieut.-Col.  R.  Nunn  wrote  a  few  weeks  ago 
to  the  Volunteer  Service  Gazette,  pointing 
out  that  Col.  Mitchell,  C.B.,  now  V.D.,  of 
Cannizaro,  Wimbledon,  was  "  sworn  in  "  by 
him  on  26  June,  1859,  as  a  volunteer ;  he  had 
commenced  drill  a  fortnight  previously,  he 
has  remained  in  the  regiment  from  that  time 
to  the  present,  and  he  is  now  in  active  com- 
mand of  it.  The  regiment  went  away  for  its 
annual  training  in  the  autumn  of  1859,  and 
has  continued  to  dp  so  every  year  since, 
Col.  Mitchell  invariably  accompanying  it. 
He  is,  undoubtedly,  the  longest  -  service 
volunteer  living  to-day,  and  completed  his 
forty-fourth  year  of  uninterrupted  service 
last  June — a  record  unique. 

ALFRED  F.  ROBBINS. 

MOTHER  SHIPTON  (10th  S.  i.  406).  —  Like 
DR.  FORSHAW,  I  have  always  been  led  to 
believe  that  Mother  Shipton  hailed  from 
Yorkshire.  The  following  interesting  refer- 
ence is  taken  from  Fletcher's  'Picturesque 
History  of  Yorkshire '  (1900)  :— 

"With  the  Dropping  Well  at  Knaresborough 
the  name  of  Mother  Shipton,  the  world-famous 
prophetess,  wise  woman,  sibyl,  witch,  or  fortune- 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  11.  JULY  2,  MM. 


she  is  said  to  have  spent  a  good 


anthology)  sent  me  a  copy  during  the  last 
week  in  May.       CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 
Bradford. 


Knaresborough,  in  a  cottage  close  to  the  Drop- 
ring  Well  in  July,  1488.  She  married  one  Tobias 
Ihipton;  of  Shipton,  near  York,  and  appears  to 
have  lived  at  that  place  as  well  as  KnaresDorough. 
ShSd  ied  at  ShiptoS  in  1561,  and  was  buried  in  the 
churchyard  there,  and  the  following  lines  were 
carved  upon  her  tombstone  :— 

Here  lies  she  who  never  lied  : 
Whose  skill  often  has  been  tried  ; 
Her  prophecies  shall  still  survive, 
And  ever  keep  her  name  alive." 
'Chambers's  Encyclopaedia,'  giving  as  its 
authority  'N.  &  Q.'  of  April  26,  1873  (4«>  S. 
xi.  355),  has  the  following  paragraph  :— 

"  A  prophecy  in  doggrel  verse  under  her  name 
was  put  into  circulation  about  1862  by  Charles 
Hindley,  on  his  own  confession.  Ihese  wretched 
lines  concluded  with  a  prophecy  that  the  world 
should  come  to  an  end  in  1881,  which  caused  great 
anxiety  amongst  a  few  very  ignorant  persons  in 
corners  of  England." 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 
West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

HERTFORD  BOROUGH  SEAL  (10th  S.  i.  448).— 
Would  not  "  R.D.G."  be  merely  an  abbrevia- 
tion of  "Hex  Dei  Gratia,"  in  allusion  to  the 
granting  of  the  charter  of  the  Corporation  ] 

J.    HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

DRYDEN  PORTRAITS  (10th  IS.  i.  368,  435).— 
A  miniature,  said  to  be  John  Dryden,  by 
S.  Cooper,  was  included  in  the  special  ex- 
hibition of  works  of  art  at  the  South  Ken- 
sington Museum  in  June,  1862.  See  revised 
catalogue  by  J.  C.  Robinson,  January,  1863, 
p.  236.  CHAS.  HALL  CROUCH. 

5,  Grove  Villas,  Wanstead. 

POEMS  ON  SHAKESPEARE  (10th  S.  i.  409,  472). 
—It  is  true,  as  MR.  JAGGARD  points  out,  that 
I  have  been  forestalled  in  my  task  of  com- 
piling a  volume  of  tributes  to  our  national 
poet  ;  but  whereas  the  book  produced  under 
the  able  editorship  of  Mr.  C.  E.  Hughes  con- 
tains both  prose  and  verse,  the  one  of  which 
I  have  been  appointed  editor  will  contain 
verse  only  —  in  brief,  *  Poems  on  Shakespeare.' 

To  the  many  readers  of  *  N.  &  Q.'  who  have 
most  kindly  referred  me  to  poems  on  Shake- 
speare I  return  my  most  grateful  thanks,  arid 
their  courtesy  will  be  recorded  in  my  preface. 
Lest  any  misunderstanding  should  arise, 
please  allow  me  to  add  that  the  work  edited 
by  Mr.  Hughes  was  not  published  when  ] 
sent  my  query  to  *  N.  &  Q.,'  nor  had  I  heard 
of  it  until  my  friend  the  Mayor  of  Stratford- 
on-Avon  (to  whom  I  am  dedicating  my 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  ENGLISH  DIALECT 
SYNONYMS  (9th  S.  xii.  444).—  To  all  appear- 
ance, my  suggestion  has  not  excited  sym- 
pathy ;  and  I  am  sorry  for  the  failure.  I 
;an  hardly  believe  that  no  other  reader  of 
N.  &  Q.'  has  been  troubled  as  I  have  been 
by  lack  of  such  a  book  of  reference  ;  and  yett. 
f  the  treasure  be  in  existence,  1  think  I 
should  have  heard  of  it. 

The  following  synonyms  for  minnow  I 
bund  mentioned  in  the  Spectator's  review 
of  Sir  Herbert  Maxwell's  'British  Fresh- 
Water  Fishes'  (25  May):  pink,  baggie, 
Daggit,  banny,  Jack  Barrel,  Jack  Sharp, 
meaker,  menot,  minion,  peer,  shadbrid,. 
minnin.  Imagine  the  convenience  of  having 
all  these  names  in  sight  at  the  same  moment, 
instead  of  having  to  spend  a  week  in  picking 
them  out  of  thousands  of  irrelevant  words  in 
;he  'E.D.D.'  !  Time  and  eternity  forbid,  or 
[  believe  I  should  myself  attempt  to  produce 
;he  compilation  1  long  for.  Before  the 
'  E.D.D.'  was  undertaken  material  for  this 
would  have  been  most  difficult  to  obtain  ;  but 
now  it  is  quite  accessible.  ST.  S  WITHIN. 

LEGEND  OF  THE  COUNCIL  OF  CONSTANCE. 
(10th  S.  i.  8,  397).  —  When  visiting  lately 
Dr.  H.  Krebs,  justly  revered  at  Oxford  and 
elsewhere  for  his  kindness  and  courtesy  to- 
scholars,  I  saw  among  his  library  treasures  a 
copy  of  Heine's  essays  '  Ueber  Deutschland/ 
dealing  with  the  history  of  religion  and 
philosophy  in  Germany.  Dr.  Krebs  had 
marked  a  reference  (Erster  Teil,  p.  45)  to  the 
story  of  the  nightingale  interrupting  the 
theological  discourse,  which  Heine  says 
happened  at  Basel  in  May,  1433.  The  Basel 
Council  sat  from  1431  to  1449,  many  years 
after  the  Council  of  Constance  and  the  death 
of  Hus.  It  appears,  therefore,  that  A.  N, 
Maikov  based  his  poem  on  the  Basel  story, 
and  referred  it  to  the  previous  Council,  as 
MR.  WAINE  WRIGHT  remarks.  Heine's  account 
of  the  ascetic  attitude  towards  the  powers 
and  beauty  of  nature,  considered  as  dia- 
bolical seductions  from  the  paths  of  virtue, 
is  very  striking,  and  written  by  as  great  a 
master  of  prose  as  of  poetry. 

FRANCIS  P.  MARCHANT. 

Brixton  Hill. 

AUDYN    OR   AUDIN    FAMILY    (10th   S.   i.   148, 

495).—  MR.  G.  A.  AUDEN  should  write  to 
H.  I.  R.  Audain,  Esq.,  Board  of  Trade,  Bank- 
ruptcy Buildings,  Carey  Street,  W.C. 

FRANCIS  KING. 


ii.  JULY  2,i9M.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


19 


PASTE  (10th  S.  i.  447,  477,  510).— As  some  of 
your  correspondents  suggest  that  DR.  MURRAY 
should  communicate  with  Crosse  &  Black- 
well,  I  may  say  that  I  wrote  to  that  firm, 
and  they  suggested  my  writing  to  MESSRS. 
BURGESS  &  SON,  whose  reply,  which  would 
seem  to  be  final,  appears  at  the  last  reference. 

J.  0.  F. 

MAYOR'S  SEAL  FOR  CONFIRMATION  (10ch  S. 
i.  447). — The  use  of  another's  seal  was  fairly 
common.  Perhaps  the  most  notable  instance 
is  found  in  the  *  Calendar  of  Patent  Rolls, 
1399-1401,'  p.  326,  where  no  less  important  a 
person  than  John  de  Bokyngham,  Bishop  of 
Lincoln,  used  the  seal  of  the  Prior  of  Christ 
Church,  Canterbury,  in  addition  to  his  own, 
because  the  latter  was  unknown  to  many. 

R.  C.  F. 

TYNTE  BOOK-PLATE  (10th  S.  i.  449).— The 
arms  on  the  shield  of  pretence  are  those  of 
the  Bulkeley  family,  and  the  crest  and  the 
motto  are  those  of  tne  Worth  family. 

The  owner  of  the  book-plate,  James  Tynte, 
who  was  for  many  years  a  member  of  the 
Irish  Parliament,  and  who  was  appointed  a 
Privy  Councillor,  was  a  younger  son  of  the 
Hon.  William  Worth,  a  baron  of  the  Irish 
Exchequer  from  1681  to  1689,  by  his  second 
wife,  Mabella,  daughter  of  Sir  Henry  Tynte, 
of  Ballycrenan,  in  the  county  Cork,  and 
took  the  name  of  Tynte  on  succeeding  to 
property  belonging  to  his  mother's  family. 
He  married  Hester,  daughter  of  John 
Bulkeley,  and  granddaughter  of  Sir  Richard 
Bulkeley,  the  first  baronet  of  the  Irish 
creation,  and  through  the  death  of  his  wife's 
uncle— the  second  baronet,  who  bore  the 
same  Christian  name  as  his  father— without 
issue,  succeeded  to  the  property  derived 
from  Archbishop  Lancelot  Bulkeley,  the  first 
of  his  name  to  settle  in  Ireland.  Through 
his  father  Mr.  Tynte  was  also  connected  with 
the  Bulkeleys,  for  Baron  Worth,  who  was 
married  no  less  than  four  times,  married,  as 
his  third  wife,  the  widow  of  the  first  Sir 
Richard  Bulkeley,  and  as  his  fourth  the 
widow  of  the  second  Sir  Richard  Bulkeley. 

The  house  in  the  county  Dublin  in  which 
Mr.  Tynte  resided  is  still  to  be  seen.  It  is 
called  Old  Bawn,  and  is  situated  near  the 
village  of  Tallaght.  It  was  built  by  the  father 
of  the  first  Sir  Richard  Bulkeley,  Archdeacon 
William  Bulkeley,  who  was  a  son  of  the 
archbishop,  and  is  interesting  as  the  only 
remaining  example  of  several  stately  man- 
sions which  were  built  in  the  vicinity  of 
Dublin  while  the  Earl  of  Strafford  held  the 
position  of  Lord  Deputy.  A  curious  plaster 
chimney-piece  (supposed  to  represent  the 


building  of  the  walls  of  Jerusalem  by 
Nehemiah)  in  the  dining-room  has  attracted 
much  attention,  and  the  staircase  and  carved 
woodwork  have  been  greatly  admired. 

F.  ELRINGTON  BALL. 
Dublin. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  Ac. 

Swimming.    By  Ralph  Thomas.    (Sampson  Low  & 

Co.) 

So  far  as  regards  bibliography,  at  least,  the  present, 
as  students  of  our  columns  are  aware,  are  days  of 
arduous  labour  and  scientific  research.  Few  books 
in  that  favoured  class  can  be,  however,  so  con- 
scientious and  thorough  as  this  of  our  contributor 
Mr.  Ralph  Thomas  upon  swimming.  In  its  original 
form  it  appeared  in  a  pseudo-anonymous  shape  in 
1868  under  the  title  "  Swimming  :  a  Bibliographical 
List  of  Works  on  Swimming.  By  the  Author  of 
the  *  Handbook  of  Fictitious  Names.'  "  What  the 
author  describes  as  a  pamphlet  has  now  expanded 
into  a  volume  of  close  on  fave  hundred  pages,  sup- 
plying a  full  list  of  books  published  on  the  subject 
in  English,  German,  French,  and  other  European- 
languages.  The  work  is,  however,  far  more  than  a 
bibliography.  It  is  an  exhaustive  treatise  by  aiv 
expert.  Mr.  Thomas  is  an  honorary  member  of  the 
executive  committee  of  the  Life-Saving  Society, 
In  addition  to  a  history  of  swimming  from  Assyrian 
times  until  the  present  day,  he  supplies  practica) 
instructions  in  swimming,  the  value  of  which  is  not 
easily  to  be  overrated.  In  his  prefatory  matter  he 
offers  an  apology  for  the  length  of  his  criticisms 
and  citations,  urging,  with  perfect  propriety,  that 
"  one  man  cannot  judge  for  another  what  is 
trash."  In  the  case  of  *  N.  &  Q.'  nothing  of  th& 
kind  is  necessary,  since  herein,  at  least,  the  value  of 
thoroughness  is  acknowledged.  Everything  con- 
nected with  the  theory  and  practice  of  swimming 
and  resuscitation  is  told,  and  notes  are  supplied  on 
the  progress  of  swimming  during  four  centuries, 
upon  the  breast-stroke  and  side-stroke,  the  ancients- 
as  swimmers,  the  different  forms  of  swimming  in 
various  countries,  the  method  of  Bernard,  swim- 
ming on  horseback,  &c.  ;  and  such  things  as  costume, 
cleanliness,  and  the  like  are  not  neglected.  Almost 
the  only  matter  of  current  interest  of  which  we 
fail  to  find  a  complete  account  is  the  question, 
recently  brought  into  notice,  of  bathing-machines 
and  the  difference  between  the  French  cahant  and 
the  abomination  so  long  in  fashion  in  England. 
Tent  bathing  is  a  thing  of  recent  growth,  and  bids 
fair  to  revolutionize  public  bathing.  Mr.  Thomas 
doubtless  remembers,  as  do  we  ourselves,  the  period 
when  not  only  in  remote  Welsh  or  Scottish  dis- 
tricts, but  in  such  English  watering-places  as  the 
Isle  of  Thandt  and  the  great  Yorkshire  and  Lanca- 
shire resorts,  the  process  of  bathing  was  primitive 
enough  for  the  South  Sea  islands  or  for  the  inha- 
bitants of  unsophisticated  Japan.  One  hundred 
and  twenty-six  illustrations  add  greatly  to  the 
value  and  attractions  of  the  book.  The  earliest  of 
these  are  of  Assyrian  origin,  some  of  them  bein^ 
taken  from  the  sculptures  in  the  Bodleian.  On 
p.  139  is  a  representation  of  a  coin  of  Abydos,. 
A.D.  19.3,  showing  Hero,  alone  and  naked  in  a  bower 
that  will  not  hold  a  second  denizen,  stretching  out  a 
light  to  the  struggling  Leander.  A  second,  on  the 


20 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  ir.  JULY  2, 


following  page    depicts  her  with  a  torch  in  place  It  constitutes  an  attractive  volume,  with  twelve 

of  the  lamp  of  classic  shape,  but  with  even  less  illustrations.  

place  in  which  to  lodge  the  struggling  youth.  Many 

of  the  plates  represent  methods  of    life  -  saving,        THE  AthencKum  on  Saturday  last  announced  the 

inducing  artificial  respiration,  and  the  like  ;  others  appearance  of  its  four-tlumsandth  number,  its  birth, 

are  devoted  to  illustrating    the  wrong    ideas   on  like  that  of  "  that  surviving  glory  of  English  letters, 

similar  subjects  that  prevailed  until  recent  days.  George  Meredith,"  having  taken  place  in  1828.   The 

It  is  satisfactory  to  find  that  England  takes  the  pre-eminence  it  enjoys  among  literary  periodicals, 

lead  as  regards  the  literature  on  the  subject,  and  both  as  regards  influence  and  length  of  days,  is  due 

also  i"  most  advanced  in  practical  skill,  the  latter  to  the  independence  as  well  as  the  critical  value  of 

being" a  matter  of  some  surprise.     Everard  Digby  its  judgments.     In  its  time  it  has  known  many 

is  the  author  of  the  first  English  book  on  swim-  attempts  at  rivalry,  some  of  them  almost  servile  in 

ming.     His  '  De  Arte  Natandi,  Libri  Duo,'  was  form,  title,  and  similar  matters.    A  rigid  stickler 

printed  in  London  by  Thomas  Dawson  in  1587.    It  for  press  anonymity,  it  has  never  allowed  a  list  of 

has  twice  been  translated  into  English  and  once  its  contributors  to  appear ;  and  as  such  can  only  be 

into  French.    Beowulf's  stroke  is,  of  course,  com-  issued  from  official  sources,  the  world  is  not  likely 

memorated,  and  Mr.  Thomas  gives  a  new  transla-  to  know  how  many  men  of  highest  eminence  are 

tion  of  his  famous  lines  descriptive  of  swimming  in  concealed  behind  the  editorial  "we."    It  is  to  be 

the  sea.    Here  we  take  leave  of  this  entertaining  trusted  that  many  more  thousands  of  issues  will 

and  useful  volume,  which  we  commend  warmly  to  see  its  prosperity  undiminished  and  its  authority 

our  readers.    When  once  begun  the  perusal  is  not  unimpaired. 


readily  abandoned. 

Printers'  Pie :  a  Festival  Souvenir  of  the  Printers' 
Pension  Corporation,  1904.    ( '  The  Sphere '  Office. } 
LAST  year's  '  Pie'  brought  a  thousand  pounds  to  i  not:c^  . 
the  Printers'  Pension  Fund.    This  has  induced  Mr.  ' 


txr 


cal1  **>ec*al  a"enti™  *°  tht  following 


Hugh  Spottiswoode  to  make  a  second  venture,  and  9N  j  \  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
we  have  no  doubt    that   the  present  '  Souvenir '  and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
will  be  equally  successful.    The  array  of  authors  "cation,  but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith, 
shows  at  a  glance  what  the  reader  has  to  expect,  WK  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  urivatelv 
and  his  pleasure  will  be  enhanced  as  he  remembers  To  seourp    insprtinn    ^f   »™ 

BSBfecteSriraEK 


^UToriutr^b  ^^^ 

.    a-_4.4.:«u    Ar,f;,,,,QriQr.    T^.^ww*  '  V^TT    A ~ ^ „„„.  I      ^  OI  ,P,aPGr»  wiwi  me  signature  of  the  writer  and 

o  appear.    When  a 
Austin  Dobson.    Whitefoord  was  a  Scotch  wine  I  Z53™i™£*  -^^^^^ith  regard  to  p 


i^&he^dra«u&^  SsE-SSSv  !?==•= 

Austin  Dobson.     Whitefoord  was  a  Scotch  wine    entde    ' ' ?r  makmg  notes- ^th  regard  to  previous 
merchant  and  picture-buyer,  whose  portrait  figures    pufc  j, 
in  Wilkie's  '  Letter  of  Introduction.'    Mr.  Austin    hporlii 


««»«/«.  <-   -u    .. 

' 


St.    James's    Coffee  -  house    by   composing    those 

i  _     ^^1J iil.     .™U*«'U     -.  -     j_         j  i 


epitaphs  on  Goldsmith  which  gave  rise  to  the  in-       BRUTUS.—"  Navvy"  is  from  "navigator  "  as  suoh 

comparable  portrait-gallery  entitled  '  Retaliation.' "  workers  were  originally  employed  upon  works  of 

Among   extracts  given  from   Whitefoord  are  the  lnternal  navigation— canals,  dykes,  &c    See  Farmpr 

following:  "'1763-Spring  Meeting.    Mr.  Wilkes's  and  H«nley's   'Slang  and    its  Analogues  '  whic 

horse,  Liberty,  rode  by  himself,  took  the  lead  at  quotes  for  the  word  Kingsley's  'Yeast'  and  Faw 

starting;  but  being  pushed  hard  by  Mr.  Bishop's  cetts  'Political  Economy.' 
black  gelding,  Privilege,  fell  down  at  the  Devil's       MEDICULUS  ("  Life  is  immortal  till  ™0> 

STttfSS  *3M?  r?7&«  d  fr£^^"JZ^£KVt£ 


out.' "  Ouida  contributes  '  A  Memory,'  in  which 
are  given  some  interesting  reminiscences  of  Sir 
Henry  Thompson.  F.  Anstey  has  an  amusing 
sketch  'Going  Round  the  Caves.'  Other  con- 
tributors are  the  Duke  of  Argyll,  Miss  Braddon, 
Tom  Gallon,  Henry  W.  Lucy,  and  W.  Pett  Ridge 
The  illustrations,  fifteen  in  number,  include 
Romney's  portrait  of  Lady  Craven,  beautifully  P-  9. 
reproduced  by  the  Hentschel  process  ;  '  Studies  in  T 


,  fa  done 

lln^  of  a,8onnet  in  hi«  volume  of  verses 
^nd£ne'  (A-  * .  C.  Black,  1892).  US 
w-  k-  B.  pointed  out  that  the  author 

was  mquired  after  at  5th  s-  *• 


NOTICE. 


single  'he  'lives  at  his  ease,'  by  Starr  W*ood.m¥he  . 

Ishillingsworth.  |  ,   ^^^^^^n^ations  should  be  addressed 

life  rf^Crt  "Ba™7  bTf : F.  ^nderson'Tr1 1  SC^tf  fififiS^ 

Henley's  partner  in  the  best  edition  of  the  poems:  |  Lan?  B.C.  '          m  *  Buildlngs,  Chancery 


io*  s.  ii.  JULY  2, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

14  The  Gardener^  Chronicle  has  faithfully  held  to  its  promises.  It  is  still,  to-day,  the  best  gardening 
journal,  being  indispensable  equally  to  the  practical  gardener  and  the  man  of  science,  because  each 
finds  in  it  something  useful.  We  wish  the  journal  still  further  success." — Garten  Flora,  Berlin,  Jan.  15. 

"The  Gardeners'  Chronicle  is  the  leading  horticultural  journal  of  the  world,  and  an  historical 
publication.  It  has  always  excited  our  respectful  admiration.  A  country  is  honoured  by  the  possession 
of  such  a  publication,  and  the  greatest  honour  we  can  aspire  to  is  to  furnish  our  own  country  with  a 
journal  as  admirably  conducted." — La  Semaine  Horticole,  Feb.  13,  1897. 

"The  Gardeners,1  Clironicle  is  the  most  important  horticultural  journal  in  the  world,  and  the  most 
generally  acknowledged  authority." — Le  Moniteur  d1  Horticulture,  Sept.,  1898. 


The   Oldest  Horticultural   Newspaper. 

THE 

4L.  GARDENERS' 
~      CHRONICLE. 

(The   'Times'   of  Horticulture.) 


FOB  SIXTY  YEARS  THE  LEADING  JOURNAL. 


Its  Contributors  comprise  the  most 

Experienced  British  Gardeners, 

and  many  of  the  most 

Eminent  Men  of  Science 

at  Home  and  Abroad.  

IT  HAS  AN  INTERNATIONAL  REPUTATION  FOR  ITS  ILLUSTRATIONS 

OF  PLANTS. 


Specimen  Copy  post  free  on  application  to  the  Publisher, 

H.  G.  COVE,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London. 

Telegraphic  Address-GARDCHRON,  LONDON.  Telephone  No.  1543  GERRARD. 

%*  May  be  ordered  of  all  Booksellers  and  Newsagents,  and  at  the  Railway  Bookstalls. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io">  s.  n.  JULY  2, 1904. 

OXFORD~UNIVERSITY    PRESS. 
The   OXFORD   ENGLISH    DICTIONARY.      A  New   English 

Die  ionary  on  Historical  Principles.     Founded  mainly  on  the  Materials  collected  by 
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Q.ENERAL          INDEX 

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NOTES      AND      QUERIES. 

With  Introduction  by  JOSEPH  KNIGHT,  F.8.A. 

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10-8.U.JCLY9.UM.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


21 


LONDON,  SATl'HDAV,  Jl'LY  9,  190k. 


CONTENTS.-No.  28. 

NOTES  :— Pardons,  21— History  of  Proverbs,  22— Talented, 
23— Ainsty,  25— Tyburn— Dialect :  "Chunnerin"'— "  It's 
a  very  good  world  "-Bee  Superstitions,  26-Vaccination 
and  Inoculation,  27. 

QUERIES  :— Wolfe  and  Gray's  •  Elegy  '—Roberto  Valentine 
—Royal  Carver— Lord  Bothwell,  21-Bnglish  Cardinals' 
Hats  — "Bumper"  — Butcher  Hall  Street  —  Rebecca  of 
•  Ivanhoe '— "  Get  a  wiggle  on"  —  Phillipps  MSS.,  28- 
Early  Drama  in  Chester-Waterton :  Walton :  Watson- 
Benbow— Lassa— Largest  Private  House  in  England,  29. 

REPLIES  -.—Martyrdom  of  St.  Thomas,  30—"  Go  anywhere 
and  do  anything"— Who  has  "improved"  Sir  Edward 
Dyer?  32  — Name  for  a  University  Women's  Club  — 
•Children  of  the  Chapel'— Ropemakers'  Alley  Chapel,  33 
—The  English  Channel— Armstrong  Gun,  34— Astwick : 
Austwick  —  Richard  Stevens  — "A  past"— Was  Kean  a 
Jew  ?— Magna  Charta— Moon  and  the  Weather,  35— Tides- 
well  and  Tideslow,  36— Arms  of  Lincoln— Proverbs  in  the 
Waverley  Novels  —  Wolverhampton  Pulpit,  37  — Stamp 
Collecting  Literature— Major-General  Eyres-Step-brother 
— Guncaster,  38. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— Calverley's  'Verses,  Translations, 
and  Fly-leaves '—'Great  Masters '—Chaucer  modernized 
by  Prof.  Skeat— '  Burlington  Magazine  '—Magazines. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


PARDONS. 

•* PARDON  ex  gratia  recfis,"  says  Cowell,  "is 
that  which  the'  king,  in  some  special  regard 
of  the  person  or  other  circumstance,  affordeth 
upon  nis  absolute  prerogative."  It  was 
usually  granted  by  letters  patent  under  the 
Great  Seal,  as  it  still  may  be,  but  sometimes, 
AS  in  the  case  of  Humphrey  de  Bohun,  Earl 
of  Hereford  in  the  time  of  Edward  I.  (25  Ed- 
ward I.),  a  Statute  of  the  Realm  was  the 
means  by  which  it  was  effected.  The  prac- 
tice of  granting  pardons  became  so  frequent 
that  in  the  second  year  of  Edward  III.  (1328) 
pardons  for  felonies  were,  by  the  Statute  of 
Northampton,  restricted  to  those  cases  only 
where  the  felony  was  committed  in  self- 
defence  or  by  misfortune.  In  spite,  however, 
of  this  Act,  pardons  seem  to  have  been  so 
freely  granted  that  two  years  later  it  was 
necessary  to  enact  that  the  Statute  of  North- 
ampton should  be  kept  and  maintained  in  all 
points  (4  Edward  III.,  c.  13).  In  1339,  how- 
ever, during  the  French  war,  Edward  III. 
was  so  greatly  in  need  of  money  that  he 
empowered  the  Duke  of  Cornwall  (afterwards 
the  Black  Prince),  the  Archbishop  of  Canter- 
bury, and  others  to  grant  pardons  and  raise 


money  by  that  and  other  means  to  enable 
him  to  continue  the  war  (  Longman's  *  History 
of  Edward  III.,'  vol.  i.  p.  153, quoting  Rymer's 
'Fcedera,'  vol.  ii.  p.  1091).  It  seems  that 
anciently  the  right  of  pardoning  offences 
within  certain  districts  was  claimed  by  the 
Lords  of  the  Marches  and  others  who  had 
"jura  regalia"  by  ancient  grants  from  the 
Crown  or  by  prescription ;  but  by  the  statute 
27  Henry  VIII.,  c.  24,  it  was  provided  that 
no  one  but  the  king  should  have  that  power 
(Bacon's  *  Abridgment,5  s.v.  *  Pardon  '). 

In  the  Parliament  which  was  held  at 
Leicester  in  April,  1414,  severe  penalties 
were  enacted  against  all  suspected  of  **  heresy," 
and  it  was  provided  that  those  who  relapsed 
after  pardon  had  been  granted  them  should 
first  be  hanged  for  treason  against  the  king, 
and  then  burnt  for  heresy  against  God 
(T.  H.  S.  Escott's  *  Gentlemen  of  the  House 
of  Commons,'  1902,  vol.  i.  pp.  51-2).  In  the 
year  1416  we  have  a  record  of  "  Letters 
Patent  of  Grace  and  Pardon  "  being  granted 
by  the  king  (Henry  V.)  to  a  certain  Richard 
Surmyn  (or  Gurmyn),  who  was  accused  of 
heresy,  "  to  have  as  well  his  life  as  his  goods 
and  chattels  ';  (Riley's '  Memorials  of  London,' 
p.  630). 

About  the  same  time  Lord  March  obtained 
a  pardon  for  any  crime  he  might  have  com- 
mitted (Rymer's  'Foedera,'  vol.  ix.  p.  303). 
This  seems  to  have  been  a  not  infrequent 
practice  ;  a  general  pardon  was  obtained  "ex 
abundanti  cautela  "  to  some  extent.  Lingard 
says  that  "such  pardons  were  frequently 
solicited  by  the  most  innocent,  as  a  measure 
of  precaution  to  defeat  the  malice  and  pre- 
vent the  accusation  of  their  enemies  "  ('  His- 
tory of  England,'  vol.  v.  p.  16).  This  has, 
however,  been  questioned  by  others,  who  say 
that  it  would  be  difficult  to  show  an  instance 
in  which  a  pardon  was  granted  in  favour  of 
a  person  who  was  not  at  least  strongly 
suspected,  or  who  had  not  purchased  it  at 
the  expense  of  his  accomplices  (Nicolas's 
'  History  of  the  Battle  of  Agincourt,'  second 
edition,  p.  45  and  note). 

Although  pardons  were  undoubtedly  pur- 
chased in  many  instances,  they  were  at 
times  granted  without  being  sought  for  ;  but 
such  were  not  always  free  pardons,  but 
merely  mitigations  of  sentences.  A  notable 
instance  is  that  in  the  case  of  Sir  Thomas 
More,  who  had  been  convicted  of  high 
treason,  the  punishment  for  which  at  that 
time  was  "to  be  hanged,  drawn,  and  quar- 
tered "  ;  but  by  the  king's  pardon  the  sen- 
tence was  mitigated  into  "only  beheading," 
so  that  he  was  spared  the  indignities  prac- 
tised upon  many  other  martyrs  at  that  time. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io<-  s.  n.  JULY  9,  im. 


On  word  being  brought  to  him  of  this 
extension  of  the  king's  mercy  he  is  reportec 
to  have  exclaimed  :  tl  God  forbid  the  king 
should  use  any  more  such  to  any  of  my 
friends,  and  God  bless  all  my  posterity  from 
such  pardons!"  (J.  A.  Manning's  'The 
Speakers  of  the  House  of  Commons,'  1851, 
p.  171.) 

A  very  usual  case  for  the  gran  ting  of  a  pardon 
in  Tudor  times  was  for  violation  of  an  Act 
of  Parliament,  or  as  a  dispensation  from 
obedience  to  a  statute  (Dicey,  'The  Law 
of  the  Constitution,'  p.  61),  and  instances 
abound,  as  they  do  also  of  officials  who  had 
committed  some  technical  irregularity  in  the 
discharge  of  their  office,  or  thought  they  had 
done  so. 

As  a  general  assertion  it  is  true  to  say  that 
the  sovereign  may  pardon  all  offences  against 
the  Crown  or  the  public,  but  the  statement  is 
subject  to  the  exception  that,  by  the  Habeas 
Corpus  Act  (31  Car.  II.,  c.  2),  to  commit  a 
man  to  prison  out  of  the  realm  is  an  offence 
unpardonable  by  the  king.  A  restriction 
also  exists  as  to  pleading  a  pardon  in  the  case 
of  Parliamentary  impeachments,  the  Act  of 
Settlement  (12  &  13  Will.  III.,  c.  2)  enacting 
that  "no  pardon  under  the  Great  Seal  of 
England  shall  be  pleadable  to  an  impeach- 
ment by  the  Commons  in  Parliament"  (cf. 
Reg.  v.  Boyes,  1  B.  &  Smith,  311),  although 
from  a  date  as  early  as  the  fiftieth  year  of 
Edward  III.  it  was  acknowledged  by  the 
Commons  and  asserted  by  the  sovereign  that 
there  was  vested  in  the  latter  the  prerogative 
to  pardon  delinquents  convicted  in  impeach- 
ments (see  Rot.  Parl.  50  Ed.  III.,  n.  188, 
quoted  in  Steph.  '  Com.,'  vol.  iv.  ch.  xxi.). 

In  the  time  of  King  John  the  following 
may  be  taken  as  a  form  of  pardon  :  — 

"Know  ye,  that  for  the  love  and  upon  the  petition 
of  our  beloved  and  faithful  A.  B.,  we  have  pardoned, 
as  much  as  in  us  lies,  C.  D.  for  having  (committed  a 
certain  crime).  We  therefore  inform  you  that  he 
is  in  our  firm  peace,  and  in  testimony  thereof  we 
have  caused  these  Letters  Patent  to  be  made  for  him. 
Witness,"  &c. 

A  modern  form  of  pardon  is  much  longer  ; 
an  example  may  be  seen  in  the  report  Reg.  v. 
Boyes  (1  B.  &  Smith,  311). 

A  recent  decision  shows  that  the  royal  pre- 
rogative may  be  delegated,  and  the  power  of 
granting  a  pardon  vested  in  the  governor  of 
a^colony,  who  can  exercise  the  power  during 
his  tenure  of  office,  so  long  as  the  commission 
appointing  him  contains  nothing  to  restrict 
his  exercise  of  this  portion  of  the  prerogative 
(In  the  matter  of  a  special  reference  from  the 
Bahama  Islands,  P.C.,  1893,  A.C.,  138). 

Pardons  are  entered  in  most  cases  on  the 
Patent  Rolls  :  many  are  also  to  be  found  on 


the  Close  Rolls,  as  well  as  among  the  Privy 
Seal  Warrants  and  the  Signet  Bills;  and  there 
is  also  a  series  of  Pardon  Rolls  from  22  Ed.  I. 
to  2  Jac.  I.  Among  the  State  Papers  there  are, 
too,  many  sign  manuals  for  grants  of  pardons 
(Jac.  I.,  Car.  I.).  All  these  are  preserved  at 
the  Public  Record  Office. 

H.  W.  UNDERDOWN. 


HISTORY  OF  PROVERBS. 

HAS  any  attempt  been  made  to  illustrate 
the  history  of  proverbs  by  a  systematic  study 
of  the  stores  of  what  may  be  termed  colloquial 
literature,  which  are  constantly  in  these  times 
being  increased  by  such  publications  as  the 
reports  of  the  Historical  Manuscripts  Com- 
mission1? The  student  of  this  interesting 
social  and  literary  phase  will  find  in  the 
Cecil  MSS.  alone,  so  far  as  they  have  as  yet 
been  made  available,  a  striking  crop  of  such, 
some  of  which  may  be  given  in  illustration  : 
"  Prevention  is  the  daughter  of  intelligence." 
"  Hatred  are  the  cinders  of  affection."  Both 
these  appear  in  a  letter  of  10  May,  1593,  from 
Sir  Walter  Raleigh  to  Sir  Robert  Cecil ; 
while  on  7  August  of  the  same  year  Sir 
Henry  Cpcke,  writing  to  Cecil,  made  this 
contribution  to  the  history  of  proverbs  : — 

"Queen  Elizabeth,  King  Edward  IV. 's  wife,  in 
the  Sanctuary,  said  of  King  Richard  III.,  when  (by 
the  Cardinal)  he  required  the  Duke  of  York,  her 
second  son,  that  '  the  desire  of  a  kingdom  had  no 
pity'"— 

a  scene,  by  the  way,  which  Shakspere  seems 
to  promise,  but  does  not  give. 

A  foreign  proverb  is  supplied  in  a  letter 
From  Sir  Thomas  Challoner  to  the  Earl  of 
Essex  from  Florence,  24  January,  1596/7: 
"The  common  proverb  is  in  every  man's 
mouth,  Omne  malum  ab  Hispania ;  omne 
bonum  ab  Aquilone?  And  an  ancient  saying 
is  revived  in  one  from  Sir  John  Holies  to  the 
Lord  Treasurer  Burghley  of  25  June,  1597, 
defending  himself  from  the  imputation  of 
naving  sprung  from  trade,  others  having  done 
the  like :  "  These  many  answer  with  Iphi- 
crates,  'Let  them  who  are  noble  from  the 
Deginning  reprove  others'  unnobleness.' "  An 
obviously  English  saw  is  that  of  Sir  George 
Jarew,  when  writing  to  Sir  Robert  Cecil 
:rom  "aboard  the  St.  Matthew,  St.  Helen's- 
Point,  10  September,  1597"  :— 

"Myself  would  have  been  my  messenger,  but 
[  have  many  munitions  on  board  to  account  for,, 
and  in  harbour  sailors'  fingers  are  limed  twigs"  ; 
while  an  undated  letter  of  Archibald  Douglas 
of  the  same  period  notes  that  "  there  is  a 
proverb  that  says,  the  bargain  is  ill  made 
where  neither  of  the  parties  doth  gain." 
Sir  Edward  Hoby,  on  14  October,  1597, 


10*8.11.  JULY  o.  MM.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


23 


appeals  to  Cecil,  **  I  beseech  you  not  to  blame 
me  if  I  be  desirous  to  strike  while  the  iron  is 
hot";  and  on  the  following  9  November 
Lord  Dunsany  reminds  the  same  statesman 
that  "  with  empty  hands  a  man  may  lure  no 
hawks." 

Two  familiar  friends  are  to  be  found  in  a 
communication  of  27  April,  1598,  from  John 
Udale  to  the  Earl  of  Essex  :  — 

"The  King  [James  VI.  of  Scotland],  as  it  is 
said,  is  at  a  stand  whether  to  cherish  a  bird  in  the 
hand  or  two  in  the  wood  "  ; 
and  of  another  person,  "  he  hath  two  strings 
to  his  bow."  Udale  was  evidently  a  proverb- 
lover,  for  to  the  same  correspondent  he 
wrote  on  the  following  15  May,  reminding 
Essex  of  his  own  phrase, "  that  an  opportunity 
well  taken  is  the  only  weapon  of  advantage"  ; 
and  having  in  the  earlier  letter  used  the 
illustration,  "  this  is  a  practice  underhand  : 
a  fowl  to  match  his  sound  with  my  Lord 
Treasurer's  mes[h]"  (?jess),  he  now  writes, 
44 1  have  been  more  [lless]  busy  than  the  bee, 
yet  not  so  idle  as  the  drone."  And  in  a 
letter  to  Queen  Elizabeth  in  the  same  year 
he  proves  himself  a  fantastic  phrase-maker, 
while  in  'A  Description  of  the  State  and 
Government,  together  with  the  Land  as  it  | 
lieth,  in  and  upon  the  West  Marches  of  i 
England,'  he  quotes  an  old  Border  phrase, 
"Fy  gownes  fy,  shame  gownes  shame,"  as 
well  as  the  proverb,  "When  the  steed  is 
stolen,  steek  the  stable  door."  All  his  letters, 
indeed,  deserve  study  from  this  point  of 
view,  for,  if  he  has  not  an  English  proverb 
to  hand,  he  is  ready  with  "  an  Italian  phrase, 
parole  non  pagano  debiti." 

Essex  himself  is  to  be  found  using  on 
4  January,  1598/9,  the  striking  phrase  in  a 
letter  to  Lord  Willoughby,  "  Reasons  are  not 
like  garments,  the  worse  for  the  wearing"; 
and  three  days  later  Sir  Thomas  Egerton, 
the  Lord  Keeper,  wrote  to  Essex,  "  The  cure 
of  dangerous  distrusts  is  to  flee  cito  et  procvl 
and  return  tarde"  The  queen  on  13  August, 
1599,  commissioned  Thomas  Windebank  to 
write  to  Cecil  "  that  there  should  not  be 
too  much  taken  out  of  an  empty  purse,  for 
therein  was  no  charity."  Cecil  was  further 
informed  in  the  same  month  by  the  Earl  of 
Nottingham  that  "a  house  is  sooner  broken 
down  than  builded,"  and  that  "one  fair  day 
breeds  not  opinion  that  it  will  be  never  foul 
weather  again."  Lord  Henry  Howard,  in  a 
contemporaneous  letter  to  the  Earl  of  South- 
ampton, likewise  was  in  the  proverb-quoting 
vein.  "They  are  rather  to  be  pitied  than 
complained  of,  as  a  wise  man  says,"  and 
"  Showers  lay  great  winds,  and  choler  purged 
leaves  the  veins  more  temperate,"  are  two  of 


his  samples.  And  just  at  the  same  time  Sir 
Edward  Coke  was  writing  to  Cecil  of  "croco- 
dile's tears,"  while  Sir  Anthony  Standen  was- 
telling  a  friend  that  "  You  may  stretch  my 
love  to  your  pleasure  like  an  Oxford  glove." 

These  are  only  samples  from  the  voluminous 
sack  supplied  by  the  Historical  Manu- 
scripts Commission ;  and  they  suggest  that 
there  would  be  a  very  fruitful  result  from 
a  systematic  search.  ALFRED  F.  BOBBINS. 


"TALENTED." 

IN  a  foot-note  to  Aphorism  XII.,  one  of 
those  which  are  introductory  to  his  'Aids  to 
Reflection,'  Coleridge  writes  as  follows  : — 

"  In  a  language  like  ours,  so  many  words  of  which 
are  derived  from  other  languages,  there  are  few 
modes  of  instruction  more  useful  or  more  amusing 
than  that  of  accustoming  young  people  to  seek  for 
the  etymology,  or  the  primary  meaning  of  the  words 
they  use.  There  are  cases,  in  which  more  knowledge* 
of  more  value  may  be  conveyed  by  the  history  of  a 
word  than  by  the  history  of  a  campaign." 

The  particular  word'  which  led  to  these 
remarks  is  substance,  whose  derivation  from 
Quod  stat  subtus,  if  useful  to  know,  can: 
scarcely  be  said  to  afford  amusement  to 
people  either  young  or  old,  and  is  eclipsed 
in  interest  by  the  dramatic  opening  of  the 
momentous  war  now  raging.  It  does  not 
appear  that  Coleridge  has  given  us  an 
example,  fully  worked  out,  of  one  of  those 
words  which  are  so  full  of  historical  value.  We- 
need  not,  perhaps,  regret  the  omission,  for 
when  he  mentions  substance  it  is  not  unlikely 
that  he  -was  reminded  of  the  famous  con- 
troversy in  the  fourth  century  between  the 
Homoiousians  and  the  Homoousians,  on  which 
he  could  have  monologized  from  hooting  owl 
to  singing  lark.  But  if  he  did  not  tell  us  the 
story  which  is  enshrined  in  someone  vocable,  he 
has  condemned  the  use  of  another  with  whose 
origin  and  meaning  he  seems  to  have  been 
unacquainted.  On  8  July,  in  the  year  1832, 
he  is  reported  to  have  spoken  as  follows  : — 

"  I  regret  to  see  that  vile  and  barbarous  vocable 
talented,  stealing  out  of  the  newspapers  into  the 
leading  reviews  and  more  respectable  publications 
of  the  day.  Why  not  xhillinged,  fart  hinged,  ten' 
penced,  &c.  ?  The  formation  of  a  participle  passive 
from  a  noun  is  a  licence  that  nothing  but  a  very 
peculiar  felicity  can  excuse.  If  mere  convenience  is- 
to  justify  such  attempts  upon  the  idiom,  you  cannot 
stop  till  the  language  becomes,  in  the  proper  sense 
of  the  word,  corrupt.  Most  of  these  pieces  of  slang 
come  from  America."  —  'Table  Talk  of  Samuel 
Taylor  Coleridge,'  Routledge  &  Sons,  1884,  pp.  159-60. 

There  is  much  in  these  random  utterances 
which  seems  unworthy  of  the  speaker,  and 
"surprising  to  hear,"  if  I  may  employ  the 
expression  so  often  repeated  by  one  of  his 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  JULY  9,  wot 


name  in  a  famous  trial.     When  he  terms  th 
word  prefixed  to  this  note  a  "  vile  and  bar 
barous  vocable,"  and  connects  "  talent "  with 
English  coins,  one  cannot  help  thinking  that 
his  listener  has  very   imperfectly  reported 
what  was  said  on  that  particular  occasion 
He  was  no  Boswell,  as  any  one  knows  who 
has  read   the   volume  from   which    I    have 
quoted.    Surely  Coleridge  must  have  addec 
some  remarks  about  the  origin  of  the  expres- 
sion which  he  condemns,  and  of  which  he 
could  scarcely  be  ignorant.      We  have  had 
no  parable  of  '  The  Shillings,'  or  '  The  Far- 
things,' or  *  The  Tenpences,'  delivered  to  us, 
but  more  than  eighteen  hundred  years  ago 
the  parable  of  '  The   Talents '   was   spoken 
far  away  from  our  island,  and  is  recorded  in 
St.  Matthew's  Gospel,   ch.  xxv.  14-30.     By 
constant  repetition  during  this  long  lapse  of 
time  from  innumerable  pulpits   throughout 
all  Christian  lands,  the  word  "talent"  has 
lost  its  original  meaning  of  a  sum  of  money, 
and  come  to  signify  some  special  aptitude  or 
faculty  granted  to  men  who  have  not  been 
endowed  with  genius.     This  distinction  was 
so  happily  expressed  in  a  poem  written  by 
Owen  Meredith  (the  second  Lord  Lytton), 
and  printed  in  one  of  the  early  numbers  of 
the   Cornhill  Magazine,   that  I  have  never 
forgotten  this  couplet : — 

Talk  not  of  genius  baffled;  genius  is  master  of  man; 
Genius  does  what  it  must,  talent  does  what  it  can. 

The  ministry  of  "All  the  Talents"  in  Cole- 
ridge's early  manhood  (1806)  was,  as  its  nick- 
name implies,  conspicuous  for  its  want  of  a 
man  of  genius,  and  therefore  did  what  it 
could,  which  was  very  little.  Had  there  been 
one  at  the  head  of  it  who  was  possessed  of 
that  supreme  gift  which,  as  Coleridge  else- 
where says,  "  must  have  talent  as  its  comple- 
ment and  implement,  because  the  higher 
intellectual  powers  can  only  act  through  a 
corresponding  energy  of  the  lower,"  the  his- 
tory of  that  administration  might  have  been 
famous. 

The  use  of  the  word  "  talent,"  as  the 
equivalent  of  intellectual  ability,  being  thus 
•clearly  deduced  from  the  parable  in  the  New 
Testament,  we  can  easily  understand  how 
"  talented "  came  into  existence,  which  hap- 
pened long  before  the  time  of  Coleridge,  who 
was,  moreover,  forestalled  in  his  condemna- 
tion, as  we  learn  from  a  letter  written  by 
Macaulay  to  his  sister  on  30  May,  1831.  "In 
the  drawing-room/'  he  says, 

"  I  had  a  long  talk  with  Lady  Holland  about  the 
antiquities  of  the  house,  and  about  the  purity  of  the 
English  language,  wherein  she  thinks  herself  a  critic. 
I  happened,  in  speaking  about  the  Reform  Bill,  to  say 
that  I  wished  that  it  had  been  possible  to  form  a  few 


commercial  constituencies,  if  the  word  constituency 
were  admissible.  '  I  am  glad  you  put  that  in,'  said 
her  ladyship.  *  I  was  just  going  to  give  it  you.  It 
is  an  odious  word.  Then  there  is  talented,  and 
influential,  and  gentlemanly.  I  never  could  break 
Sheridan  of  gentlemanly,  though  he  allowed  it  to  be 
wrong.'  We  talked  about  the  word  talents  and  its 
history.  I  said  that  it  had  first  appeared  in  theo- 
logical writing,  that  it  was  a  metaphor  taken  from 
the  parable  in  the  New  Testament,  and  that  it  had 
gradually  passed  from  the  vocabulary  of  divinity 
into  common  use.  I  challenged  her  to  find  it  in  any 
classical  writer  on  general  subjects  before  the 
Restoration,  *  or  even  before  the  year  1700.  I  be- 
lieve that  I  might  safely  have  gone  down  later. 
She  seemed  surprised  by  this  theory,  never  having, 
so  far  as  I  could  judge,  heard  of  the  parable  of  the 
talents.  I  did  not  tell  her,  though  I  might  have 
done  so,  that  a  person  who  professes  to  be  a  critic 
in  the  delicacies  of  the  English  language  ought  to 
have  the  Bible  at  his  fingers'  ends." 

And  then  he  oddly  adds  : — 

''  She  is  certainly  a  woman  of  considerable  talents 
and  great  literary  acquirements." — 'Life  and  Letters 
of  Lord  Macaulay,'  popular  edit.,  pp.  150-1. 

If  Lady  Holland  had  turned  to  Johnson's 
Dictionary '  she  would  have  seen  under  the 
word  'Talent'  what  follows:  "Faculty; 
power ;  gift  of  nature.  A  metaphor  bor- 
rowed from  the  talents  mentioned  in  the 
holy  writ,"  and  would  also  have  found 
examples  of  its  use  by  Clarendon  and 
Dryden,  which  would  have  disproved  the 
too-confident  assertion  of  her  guest.  We 
must,  however,  remember  that  this  letter 
was  written  without  any  thought  of  publica- 
ion. 

In  another,  addressed  to  Macvey  Napier, 
;hen  editor  of  the  Edinburgh  Review,  who 
"lad  criticized  some  of  the  words  employed 
n  his  article  on  Frederic  the  Great,  and, 
apparently,  the  one  at  the  head  of  this  note, 
which,  however,  does  not  appear  in  the 
corrected  edition  of  the  '  Essays,'  Macaulay 
writes  on  18  April,  1842  :  *•  Such  a  word  as 
talented '  it  is  proper  to  avoid  :  first,  be- 
cause it  is  not  wanted ;  secondly,  because 
you  never  hear  it  from  those  who  speak  very 
good  English  "  (p.  416).  Verily,  if  they  who 
?peak  good  English  employ  it,  I  do  not  see 
vhy  it  should  be  banned  arid  banished  from 
.he  language  ;  and  I  think  it  is  wanted,  and 
ts  rejection  would  be  "a  mere  throwing 
away  of  power,"  for  what  the  same  author 


*  "All  the  circumstances  were  examined  and 
ounded  to  the  bottom  by  one  of  the  greatest  and 
most  knowing  kings  of  his  time,  viz..  King  James 
f  England ;  who  had  a  particular  talent  and  mar- 
railous  sagacity  to  discusse  natural  things,  and 
)enetrate  them  to  the  very  marrow."— '  Of  the 
>ympathetick  Powder.  A  Discourse  in  a  Solemn 
Assembly  at  Montpellier.  Made  in  French  by  Sir 
tenelm  Digby,  Knight,  1657.  London,  Printed  for 
fohn  Williams,  1669. 


io«  s.  ii.  JULY  9,  loo*.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


25 


says  about  another  vocable  may  be  said  of 
this ;  it  is 

*'  a  word  which  is  appropriate  to  a  particular  idea, 
which  everybody,  high  and  low,  uses  to  express  that 
idea,  and  which  expresses  that  idea  with  a  com- 
pleteness which  is  not  equalled  by  any  other  single 
word,  and  scarcely  by  any  circumlocution." 

From  these  extracts  one  might  be  led  to  the 
conclusion  that  "  talented  "  came  into  exist- 
ence during  the  first  half  of  the  last  century 
and  that  its  birthplace  was  America.  But 
that  cannot  be,  since  we  find  Archbishop 
Abbot  writing  in  this  fashion  of  the  Duke  of 
Buckingham  in  1627  : — 

"  What  a  miserable  and  restless  thing  ambition 
is  !  When  one  talented,  but  as  a  common  person  ; 

Et  by  the  favour  of  his  Prince,  hath  gotten  that 
terest,  that,  in  a  sort,  all  the  keys  of  England 
hang  at  his  girdle,"  &c.— '  Stuart  Tracts,'  p.  330,  in 
the  new  edition  of  '  An  English  Garner,'  Constable 
&  Co.,  1903. 

Now  the  archbishop,  who  was  the  author 
of  various  books,  had  also  a  share  in  the 
translation  of  the  New  Testament,  and  may 
therefore  be  regarded  as  no  mean  authority. 
Though  this  is  the  only  instance  of  the 
employment  of  the  word  in  the  seventeenth 
century  that  I  can  produce,  I  am  unwilling  to 
believe  it  is  a  hapax  legomenon  at  that  period, 
and  feel  sure  that  it  was  used  by  other  writers 
in  whose  works  examples  will  be  found. 

When  Coleridge  calls  "  talented  "  "  a  vile 
and  barbarous  vocable,"one  does  nbt  accept  his 
dictum  ;  neither  is  one  disposed  to  agree  with 
Macaulay,  who  thinks  it  is  not  wanted.  If 
we  bear  in  mind  its  history  and  employ  it  in 
the  sense  now  everywhere  attached  to  it,  it 
seems  an  excellent  expression  and  an  acquisi- 
tion to  the  language,  inasmuch  as  it  has 
no  complete  equivalent,  for  gifted,  which 
is  the  nearest,  was,  as  Johnson  tells 
us,  "commonly  used  ironically."  It  is, 
besides,  perfectly  legitimate  in  its  formation 
as  an  adjective.  Coleridge  apparently 
believed  that  every  word  ending  in  ed  was 
a  participle  passive  ;  but  how  can  that  be 
when  we  have  such  words  as  gnarled,  naked, 
rugged,  ivicked,  wretched,  which  prove  that  ed 
is  also  an  adjectival  termination?  For  the 
same  reason  he  might  have  denied  that  barren, 
sudden,  sullen,  were  adjectives,  because  we 
have  such  participles  passive  as  fallen,  graven, 
risen.  Perhaps  Coleridge  got  this  idea  from 
his  friend  Sir  John  Stoddart,  who,  when 
Chief  Justice  of  Malta,  received  the  poet  as 
his  guest  in  1804,  with  a  hope  that  the  change 
might  improve  his  health,  injured  by  opium- 
eating.  At  all  events,  the  worthy  knight 
endeavours  to  uphold  the  same  opinion  in 
opposition  to  "the  rule  laid  down  by  some 
writers  that  there  can  be  no  participles  but 


what  are  derived  from  verbs  "  ('  Philosophy 
of  Language,'  second  edit.,  p.  105).  With 
these  grammarians,  notwithstanding  "the 
principles  of  Universal  Grammar,"  to  which 
Sir  John  appeals,  I  shall  still  regard  all  such 
wordsas  daggered(Co\eridge),  moneyed  (Bacon), 
mustachioed,  nectared  (Milton),  petticoated, 
"  sivorded  Seraphim  "  (Milton),  and  a  host  of 
others,  as  adjectives,  for  the  simple  but  suffi- 
cient reason  that  they  cannot  be  parts  of 
verbs  which  have  no  existence.  This  rule, 
founded,  one  would  fancy,  on  common  sense, 
is  strictly  observed  in  the  sixth  edition  of 
Johnson's  *  Dictionary  '  (1785)  and  in  Cham- 
bers's  k  Twentieth  Century  Dictionary  '  (1901), 
both  of  which  admirable  works  I  have  used, 
among  others,  in  drawing  up  this  paper,  in 
which  I  trust  I  have  shown  that  "  talented  " 
is  a  regularly  formed  adjective,  and  a  useful 
addition  to  our  vocabulary.  I  should  be  as 
little  inclined  to  make  Coleridge  my  leader 
in  language  as  in  philosophy,  when  he  him- 
self was,  to  use  Lord  Jeffrey's  phrase,  "  march- 
ing under  the  guidance  of  the  Pillar  of  Smoke.'7 

JOHN  T.  CURRY. 

[Surely  the  objection  to  words  such  as  "  talented," 
"gifted/'  is  maintainable.  At  any  rate,  we  per- 
sonally  sympathize  with  Coleridge.] 


AINSTY.— The  Ainsty  of  York  has  been 
written  of  aforetime  in  'N.  &  Q.'  I  have 
notes  of  references  to  it  7th  S.  x.  68,  194,  312, 
382 ;  8th  S.  i.  352,  383,  442 ;  and  the  late  Canon 
Isaac  Taylor's  fancy  that  Ainsty  signified 
"own  enclosure"  commended  itself  to  my 
probably  too-easily-pleased  understanding. 
Quite  recently  a  novel  theory  regarding  the 
origin  of  the  name  was  advanced  by  the  Rev. 
J.  Solloway,  B.D.,  in  a  paper  on  *  The  Monks 
of  Marmoutier'  read  before  the  Yorkshire 
Philosophical  Society,  and  printed  in  the 
Annual  Report  for  1903.  Perhaps  some  of 
the  readers  of  'N.  &  Q.'  who  were  before 
interested  in  the  etymological  value  of  Ainsty 
may  be  glad  to  have  their  attention  drawn 
to  the  latest  guess,  which  I  will  here  record 
in  the  hope  that  its  reasonableness  may  be 
discussed.  "  West  of  the  city  of  York,"  said 
Mr.  Solloway, 
"was  a  richly  endowed  House  of  Canons  called 

Christ's   Church; later    on    the    district    was 

known  by  this  name,  Christ's  Church,  under  another 
form.  The  Rural  Deanery  was  called  the  '  Deanery 
of  Christianity.' It  was,  and  is  still,  a  well- 
known  name  for  rural  deaneries.  Lincoln  City  is 
now  in  a  *  Deanery  of  Christianity,'  Leicester  also 
is  in  a  deanery  of  the  same  name,  and  the  K. 
Deanery  of  Exeter  is  also  called  the  Deanery  of 
Christianity.  Now  to  sum  up  :  In  Domesday  the 
district  ly'ing  to  the  west  of  York  was  called 
Christ's  Church  ;  later  on  it  was  known  as  Chris- 
tianity ;  now  it  is  called  the  Ainsty.  When  was 


26 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  n.  JULY  9, 1904. 


the  Deanery  first  called  the  Ainsty?  Nobody 
knows.  And  when  did  it  cease  to  be  called  the 
Deanery  of  Christianity  ?  Again,  nobody  knows. 

"My  contention  is  this:  that  the  word  Ainsty 
is  a  contraction  of  the  word  Christianity ;  that  f 01 
a  long  time  '  Ainsty '  was  the  popular,  the  colloquia 
name  of  the  Deanery,  and  the  longer  word  the  one 
that  was  used  in  legal  and  other  formal  documents 
and  that  at  some  time  or  other  the  long  name  has 
been  dropped,  and  the  shorter  one  become  the 
•commonly  recognized  name.  When  I  wrote  a  shon 
article  a  couple  of  years  ago  on  this  matter,  ] 
suggested  that  'Christianity'  would  probably  be 
written  Xanity;  since  then  I  have  come  across  a 
confirmation  of  this  conjecture  in  the  parish  records 
of  IS.  Martin's,  Coney  Street,  the  rural  dean  there 
signing  himself  as  '  Dean  of  Xanity.' 

"  The  word  Christianity  is  one  easily  pronounced, 
but  it  is  a  long  one  to  write,  and  if  you  will  write 
it  you  will  see  that  there  was  some  justification 
for  the  Dean  and  other  people  abbreviating  it  in 
writing ;  and  I  believe  that  '  Ainsty '  is  simply  the 
latter  part  of  the  word  Christianity,  the  Greek  X 
being  left  put.  In  Lincoln,  Leicester,  and  Exeter, 
the  deaneries  of  Christianity  remain  ;  in  York  it  [sic. 
formally  [formerly]  existed ;  when  it  disappeared  no 
•one  knows  ;  but  the  Ainsty  remains,  and  it  seems  to 
me  that  the  ecclesiastical  district  lying  to  the  west 
of  York  is  a  Deanery  with  a  legally-recognized 
nickname." 

I  cannot  say  that  I  share  Mr.  Solloway's 
belief.  It  is  hardly  likely  that  ecclesiastics 
who  abbreviated  the  word  Christianity  when 
they  wrote  would  do  so  when  they  talked, 
•and  if  they  did  not,  laymen,  who  are  not 
usually  very  glib  about  rural  deaneries,  were 
hardly  likely  to  introduce  such  a  form  as 
Ainsty,  and  to  gain  for  it  contented  accept- 
ance on  the  part  of  all  who  spoke  or  all  who 
penned.  Even  if  the  name  of  the  deanery 
had  been  lost,  and  been  recovered  only  in 
manuscript  as  "  Xanity,"  I  do  not  think  that 
Ainsty  would  have  resulted. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

TYBURN.— I  find  that  there  have  been  at 
various  times  discussions  in  the  columns  of 
*N.  &  Q.'  as  to  the  site  of  the  famous  gallows 
(  —discussions  which  seem  to  have  left  the  ques- 
tion unsettled.  I  do  not  find  that  any  one 
of  your  former  correspondents  thought  of 
referring  to  maps.  It  is  true  that  most  of 
the  maps  published  while  Tyburn  was  the 
iplace  of  execution  fall  short  of  the  locality. 
But  Rocque's  map  of  1746  has  a  very  clear 
representation  of  the  gallows.  It  is  shown 
in  perspective  as  a  three-sided  structure,  with 
the  word  '  Tiburn"  under  it.  It  is  in  the 
middle  of  the  space  formed  by  the  junction 
of  what  are  now  Oxford  Street  and  Edgware 
Road.  The  angle  at  the  north-west  corner 
of  the  roads  is  rounded  as  we  see  it  to-day. 
Following  the  curve,  behind  the  gallows,  is 
shown  in  plan  what  may  be  either  a  shed  or 
stand.  Just  within  Hyde  Park,  a  little  to 


the  east  of  Tyburn,  is  marked  a  place  "  where 
soldiers  are  shot."  In  a  map  of  1756,  engraved 
by  R.  W.^Seale,  Tyburn  occupies  exactly  the 
same  position  as  in  Rocque's  map. 

In  Rocque's  map  Tyburn  turnpike  is  shown 
at  the  east  corner  of  Park  Lane,  then  called 
Tyburn  Lane.  In  later  maps  the  turnpike  is 
shown  in  a  new  position,  correctly  indicated 
by  the  iron  monument  still  in  situ,  bearing 
on  it  the  words,  "Here  stood  Tyburn  Gate, 
1829."  From  Horwood's  large  map  it  appears 
that  the  house  belonging  to  the  new  turnpike 
must  have  occupied  nearly  the  old  site  of  the 
gallows.  ALFRED  MARKS. 

DIALECT  :  "  CHUNNERIN'."  —  The  enclosed 
paragraph  from  the  Irish  Times  of  4  June 
seems  worth  noting  in  the  pages  of 


"  It  is  suggested  that  a  dialect  dictionary  should 
be  added  to  the  library  in  connexion  with  the 
Liverpool  Law  Courts.  The  other  day  Mr.  Justice 
Jelf,  counsel,  and  jury  were  confounded  by  a  witness 
who  declared  that  when  he  asked  a  question  of  a 
party  to  the  case,  that  party  started  '  chunnerin'.' 
This,  it  turned  out,  was  the  Lancashire  word  for 
mumbling  —  otherwise  evasion.  The  necessity  for  a 
precise  definition  of  such  dialect  words  occasionally 
arises,  and  a  dictionary  would,  it  is  felt,  come  in 
useful." 

HERBERT  B.  CLAYTON. 

39,  Renfrew  Road,  Lower  Kennington  Lane. 

[Dr.  Joseph  Wright  will,  no  doubt,  be  happy  to 
supply,  "for  a  consideration,"  the  '  English  Dialect 
Dictionary  '  to  all  the  courts  of  England.] 

"IT'S  A  VERY  GOOD  WORLD  THAT  WE    LIVE 

IN."  (See  1st  S.  ii.  71,  102,  156  ;  3rd  S.  i.  398  ; 
v.  114  ;  4th  S.  i.  400  ;  xii.  8  ;  6th  S.  i.  77,  127, 
166,  227,  267  ;  ii.  19,  79  ;  8th  S.  x.  46.)—  It 
may  interest  readers  of  1N.  &,  Q.'  to  know 
that  in  an  auction  of  old  pottery  and  porcelain 
at  Sotheby's  rooms,  on  16  May  last,  forming 
part  of  lot  140,  was  "a  Sunderland  jug,  with 
ship  and  verses,"  of  pink  lustre-  ware  pottery 
'early  nineteenth  century),  and  holding  at 
east  two  quarts,  one  of  such  verses  thereon 
Deing  the  following  epigram  (differing  some- 
what from  other  versions)  :  — 

This  world  is  a  good  one  to  live  in, 
To  lend,  to  spend,  to  buy,  or  give  in, 
But  to  beg,  borrow,  or  get  a  mans  own, 
It  is  such  a  world  as  never  was  known. 

I  may  add   that  about  1822   the   "Little 

lermitage  "  at  Gad's  Hill,  which  was  referred 

:o  in  several  of  the  above  communications, 

nd  through  which  the  epigram  became  well 

known,  was  inhabited  by  Mr.  David  Day. 

W.  I.  R.  V. 

BEE  SUPERSTITIONS.—  The  many  supersti- 
tions formerly  connected  with  bees  and  bee- 
keeping have  been  plentifully  referred  to  by 


.  ii.  JULY  9,i9w.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


all  writers  on  folk-lore.  It  is,  however,  sur- 
prising to  find  in  the  present  day  how  preva- 
lent are  the  old  ideas,  at  least  in  rural  parts. 
A  particularly  well-educated  woman  in  Hamp- 
shire, residing  not  far  from  Winchester,  tells 
me  that  she  has  absolute  belief  in  the 
necessity  of  informing  the  bees  should  their 
master  die,  and  the  good  lady  (she  is  certainly 
not  forty-five  years  of  age,  and  the  wife  of  a 
village  grocer)  quotes  an  instance  of  a  next- 
door  neighbour  who,  neglecting  to  carry  out 
the  usual  formula,  was  rewarded  by  the  death 
of  all  her  bees. 

Another  belief  is  that  no  swarm  of  bees 
over  which  there  has  been  any  contention 
can  possibly  benefit  either  party.  It  is  also 
considered  fatal  to  successful  bee-keeping  for 
the  wife  of  the  owner  to  experience  any  fear 
of»  or  dislike  for,  the  bees.  My  informant, 
speaking  from  personal  experience,  states 
that  when  first  married  (about  eighteen  years 
ago)  she  openly  expressed  her  antipathy  for 
the  busy  occupants  of  the  hive,  and  until  she 
endeavoured  to  cultivate  a  more  friendly 
disposition,  she  assures  me,  her  husband  had 
several  years  of  bad  honey  and  poor  results. 

P.  C.  D.  M. 

VACCINATION  AND  INOCULATION.  (See  8th  S. 
vii.  377.)— In  referring  to  this  note  by 
E.  S.  A.  I  find  it  contains  a  query  which 
apparently  has  not  yet  been  answered.  The 
44  inoculating  substance  used  before  the  dis- 
covery of  vaccine  matter"  was  smallpox 
matter.  This  method  of  preventing  (by 
anticipation)  smallpox,  which  Dr.  Johnson 
declared  saved  more  lives  than  war  destroyed, 
was  made  illegal  in  1840.  E.  G.  B. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in 
formation  on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

WOLFE  AND  GRAY'S  *  ELEGY.'— May  I  appeal 
to  you  for  fresh  light  on  the  subject  of  Wolfe 
and  Gray's  '  Elegy  '  ?  Several  papers  are 
accusing  me  of  being  a  wilful  iconoclast  in 
my  book,  '  The  Fight  for  Canada ';  whilst,  as 
a  matter  of  fact,  I  am  doing  my  best  to 
authenticate  the  story.  Mr.  A.  G.  Doughty 
the  new  Archivist  of  Canada,  has  already 
begun  special  research,  and  writes  to  me  that 
he  is  hopeful  of  clearing  up  the  whole  ques- 
tion. Probably  there  are  many  of  your 
readers  who  are  more  conversant  with  the 
subject  than  I  am.  It  was  only  an  incidenta 
touch  in  my  book  ;  but  I  was  very  loth  to 


eave  out  anything  that  was  so  picturesque, 
nd  that  seems  so  probable. 
References :  (1)  The  letter  from  Scott  to 
Sou  they,  as  given  by  Mr.  Birrell  in  the  Times 
of  27  May. 

(2)  'Horace  Walpole's  Memoirs/  i.  21. 

(3)  'The   Siege   of    Quebec,'    &c.,    A.    G. 
Doughty,  iii.   31,   foot-note.      What    is   the 
Sketch  of  Wolfe's  Life  '  referred  to  here  ? 

(4)  '  A  Pamphlet  of  1761 '  mentioning  the 
;act.     What  is  this  pamphlet  ? 

(5)  Prof.  E.  E.  Morris  in  the  English  His- 
orical  Jteview  for  January,  1900. 

(6)  '  The  Fight  for  Canada,'  note  on  p.  320. 
I  hope  to  see  this   famous  story  brought 

back  to  history  in  an  unchallengeable  form. 

WILLIAM  WOOD,  Major, 
8th  Royal  Rifles,  Canadian  Militia. 
59,  Grande  Alle"e,  Quebec. 

ROBERTO  VALENTINE.  —  I  am  anxious  to 
ascertain  whether  a  copy  of  the  following 
work  by  this  little-known  English  composer 
exists  in  any  library  :  "  Violone  o  Arceleuto 
|  Senate  a  Tre  |  doi  Violini,  o'  Arceleuto,  col 
Basso  per  1'  Organo  |  Da  Roberto  Valentine, 
[nglese  |  Opera  Priraa  |  Roma,  1707."  There 
is  no  copy  at  the  British  Museum,  nor  is  it 
bo  be  found  in  any  of  the  public  libraries  at 
Rome.  I  wish  to  rescue  from  oblivion  this 
English  composition,  but  of  the  copy  I  possess 
one  of  the  parts  is  missing.  A.  F.  HILL. 
140,  New  Bond  Street,  W. 

A  ROYAL  CARVER.— On  a  tombstone  in 
Sandon  Churchyard,  at  the  end  of  a  long 
inscription,  appears  the  following  :— 

"And  Likewise  will  Lye  here  interr'd  the 
Remains  of  James  Richards  Citizen  of  London  & 
Carver  to  his  Majesty  King  George  the  lbt  &  his 
Majesty  King  George  the  211  Likewise  to  his  Royal 
highness  Fredrick  Prince  of  Wales  September  23<l 
1758  And  Carver  in  Generall  The  said  James 
Richards  Died  Dec  11th  1759  Aged  88  Years." 
The  old  man  must  have  been  very  proud  of 
his  position  at  Court,  for  he  evidently  had 
the  inscription  added  to  the  rest  on  the  tomb 
during  his  lifetime,  the  date  of  his  death 
being  added  afterwards.  Can  any  one  tell 
me  anything  about  this  carvership— what 
emoluments  were  attached  to  it,  &c.  ] 

BENJAMIN  WRIGHT. 

Sandon  Rectory,  Chelmsford. 

LORD  BOTHWELL.— In  the  'Lincoln's  Inn 
Records,'  ii.  469,  there  appears  an  agreement, 
dated  19  June,  1657,  relating  to  the  laying 
out  of  Lincoln's  Inn  Fields  and  the  preven- 
tion of  any  future  building  thereon,  except 
as  thereby  authorized  ;  and  a  plan  of  the 
locality,  which  was  attached  to  the  agree- 
ment, has  been  reproduced  as  a  frontispiece 


28 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io«>  s.  n.  JULY  9,  im 


to  the  volume  in  question.     On  this  plan  i 
shown  a  large  house  with   five  gables  jus 
north    of  where    the    Soane    Museum    now 
stands,  and   above    it    is   written   "Ye  Lc 
Both  well's  house."    Can  anybody  kindly  saj 
who    this    nobleman    was1?      No  such    titl 
appears  in  any  of  the  usual  lists  of  peerages 
existing,  dormant,  or  extinct,  so  far  as  I  am 
aware,  nor  have  I  succeeded  in  finding  anj 
reference  to  him  elsewhere. 

ALAN  STEWART. 
7,  New  Square,  Lincoln's  Inn. 

[Burke's  *  Dormant  and  Extinct  Peerages,'  1883 
gives  four  creations  of  this  title,  viz.,  Sir  Johr 
Ramsay,  1485 ;  forfeited,  1488 ;  Patrick  Hepburn 
third  Lord  Hales,  created  Earl  of  Bothwell,  1488 
the  fourth  and  last  earl  of  this  line  being  the  ill 
fated  husband  of  Mary,  Queen  of  Scots ;  Francii 
Stewart,  created  by  James  VI.  in  1587,  but  after 
wards  attainted  ;  and  Archibald  Douglas,  created 
Earl  of  Qrmond,  Lord  Bothwell  and  Hartside,  in 
1651,  during  the  lifetime  of  his  father,  the  first 
Marquess  of  Douglas.] 

ENGLISH  CARDINALS'  HATS  :  THEIR  DESTINY 
—When  I  visited  the  new  Roman  Catholic 
cathedral  in  Westminster  recently,  the  cour- 
teous official  who  accompanied  me  round  the 
church  pointed  out  Cardinal  Vaughan's  hat 
depending  high  in  mid-air  on  the  left-hand 
side,  near  to,  but  outside,  the  chancel,  and 
stated  that  it  would  hang  there  until  in  time 
it  became  dust,  this  being  the  usage  with 
regard  to  all  cardinals'  hats,  as  the  hat  is 
the  symbol  of  the  rank  with  which  they  are 
invested.  He  said  the  hats  of  Cardinal 
Manning  and  Cardinal  Newman  had  like- 
wise been  hung  in  the  churches  that  served 
as  pro-cathedrals.  Is  this  an  English  custom 
or  universal  ?  WILLIAM  GEORGE  BLACK. 

"  BUMPEE.»— In  an  old  newspaper  dated 
J2  V  readthe  folio  wing  paragraph  :  "When 
trie  .bnglish  were  good  Catholics  they  usually 
drank  the  Pope's  health  in  a  full  glass  after 
An  l?"^-  bon  P^re~ whence  your  bumper." 
All  the  dictionaries  give  the  derivation  from 
bombard."  Is  there  any  truth  in  the  above 
paragraph,  as  a  derivation  1 

A.  H.  ARKLE. 

,hl?,ls   °P,e,  of    those   conjectures  which    are 
treated  by  philologists  with  derision.  The  '  N E  IT 
Drives  the  word  conjecturally  from  "bump"  with 
notion  of  a  bumping  or  thumping  glass.] 

BUTCHER  HALL  SiREET.-It  has  been  oft- 
times  my  intention  to  crave  the  aid  of  your 
friendly  columns  in  deploring  the  frequen< 
changes  from  what  I  may  call  old-fashioned 
street  nomenclature-often  of  great  ton. 
graphical  value- whenever  occasion  arise< 
from  reconstruction  of  the  tBSSW^S 
otherwise,  to  a  modern  level  of  loyal  But  other 


wise  uninteresting  street  names.  I  am  glad 
to  see,  however,  that  that  most  progressive  of 
all  public  bodies — the  London  County  Council 
— has  taken  a  much-wished-for  turn  in  the 
other  direction,  the  opportunity  arising  from 
the  reconstruction  of  a  large  portion  of 
that  great  artery  of  traffic  the  Strand,  by 
affixing  to  the  new  thoroughfare  a  title  more 
emblematic  of  its  ancient  history  and  associa- 
tions. One  shudders  to  think  what  might 
have  been  had  the  Clerk  to  that  great  Council 
been  other  than  an  antiquary  and  a  folk- 
lorist ! 

In  MR.  HUTCHINSON'S  most  interesting 
note  on  Lamb,  Coleridge,  and  Mr.  May,  of 
the  "Salutation  and  Cat,"  is  a  reference 
(10th  S.  i.  62)  to  the  "Angel"  Tavern  in  Butcher 
Hall  Street,  Newgate.  If  I  remember  rightly, 
this  street  was  some  thirty  years  ago  re- 
dubbed  King  Edward  Street,  or  some  similar 
loyal  or  patriotic  name.  But  it  has  always 
lingered  in  my  memory  that  the  old  name  of 
the  street  was  not  Butcher  Hall  Street,  but 
Butcher  Hail  Street,  a  name  redolent  of 
the  old  Newgate  shambles  across  the  way, 
and  the  blue-gowned  butchers  hurrying  by, 
not  of  the  feasting  chamber  where  the  mag- 
nates of  the  trade  may  have  drowned  their 
recollections  of  those  ofttimes  ghastly  sights 
of  the  days  gone  by. 

I  have  no  means  of  verifying  MR.  HUTCHIN- 
SON'S statement  here,  hence  my  appeal  to  him 
or  other  more  fortunate  readers  of  *  N.  &  Q.' 
to  say  whether  or  not  my  memory  has  been 
playing  me  false.  J.  S.  UDAL,  F.S.A. 

Antigua,  W.I. 

REBECCA  OF  *  IVANHOE.'— (1)  Who  was  the 

riginal  of  Rebecca  1   (2)  Does  Scott  anywhere 

llude  to  the  lady  from  whom  he  draws  the 

character?     (3)  He  was   acquainted  with   a 

;amily  called  Dickinson,  which  had  a  Jewish 

connexion,    and    from     them    Scott   had    a 

)equest  after  the  publication  of  'Ivanhoe.' 

3qes  he  allude  to  this  in  any  of  his  published 

private  papers  ?  DOMINIE  SAMPSON. 

[Must  Rebecca  necessarily  have  had  an  original?] 

"  GET    A    WIGGLE    ON."  —  Has    this    new- 
American  expression,  which  I  heard  in  May 
ast  in  New  England,  found  lodgment  here 
et?    Its   meaning,   in    connexion   with  an 
>rder,  is  "  hustle  !"  i.e.,  be  quick  ! 

R.  BARCLAY-ALLARDICE. 
Lostwithiel,  Cornwall. 

[We  hope  and  think  not.] 

PHILLIPPS  MSS. :  BEATRICE  BARLOW.— Can 
ny  one  say  where  the  valuable  collection  of 
etters  and  papers  and  other  MSS.  connected 
h  Pembrokeshire  and  Carmarthenshire, 


io*s.ii.J«.Y9,i9o».]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


29 


which  belonged  to  Sir  T.  Phillipps,  went? 
They  were  dispersed  mostly  in  the  eighteenth 
century  and  early  part  of  the  nineteenth, 
and  gave  much  chatty  information  in  regard 
to  the  families  of  Barlow  of  Slebech  and  of 
the  Summonses.  A  daughter  of  the  last- 
named  (the  famous  Emma)  married  Sir  W. 
Hamilton,  and  with  her  husband  was  buried, 
it  is  said,  at  Slebech. 

Also,  can  the  date  and  place  of  the  marriage 
of  Beatrice  Barlow  (daughter  of  Sir  John 
Barlow,  of  Slebech),  to  Sir  Antony  Rudd, 
Bart.,  of  Aberglasney,  Carmarthenshire,  be 
given  ?  CYMRO. 

[The  '  D.N.B.'  says  that  Sir  William  Hamilton 
was  buried  at  Milford  Haven,  and  Emma  at  Calais.] 

EARLY  DRAMA  IN  CHESTER.— I  cull  the 
following  curious  paragraph  from  Dickson's 
Dublin  Intelligence  for  22  September,  1731 : — 

"We  hear  by  Travellers  from  Chester,  that  the 
Young  Comedians  who  went  hence  last  Season 
have  fallen  on  the  Displeasure  of  the  Gentry  there, 
especially  the  Ladies  whom  they  affronted  by  par- 
ticularizing their  favours  to  the  Irish  Men  in  their 
public  bills." 

Are  there  any  Chester  records  extant  show- 
ing who  these  audacious  young  comedians 
were?  W.  J.  LAWRENCE. 

Dublin. 

WATERTON  :  WATTON  :  WATSON.  —  Will 
some  reader  versed  in  heraldry  offer  some 
explanation  or  suggestion  regarding  the 
arms  of  these  three  families  ? 

(a)  The  Watertons  of  Deeping  Waterton 
(Lines)  bear  for  arms,  Barry  of  six  erm.  and 
gu.,   over   all    three    crescents  sa.    (Burke's 
*  Landed  Gentry,'  1898). 

(b)  A  family  named  Watton   ('Visitation 
of  Essex,  1612,'  Harleian  Society)  bore,  Barry 
of  six  arg.  and  gu.,  three  crescents  ermine. 

(c)  The  family  of  Watson,   spelt  Wattson 
in   the  pedigree  ('Visitation  of  Kent,  1619,' 
Harl.  Soc.),  bore,  Barry  of  six,  three  crescents 
erm.,  two  and  one ;  on  a  chief  gu.  two  broken 
tilting-spears  in  saltire  or. 

Does  the  similarity  of  arms  prove  that 
these  three  families  were  related  to  one 
another  ?  Has  the  name  Waterton,  through 
Watton,  been  transformed  into  Watson  ?  The 
lineage  of  the  family  of  Waterton  is  given 
fully  by  Burke,  and  it  is  mentioned  that  Sir 
Robert  Waterton,  at  the  battle  of  Ascalon, 
1191,  took  three  paynim  standards,  and  that 
Richard  I.  granted  to  him  to  bear  three 
crescents  sable  as  a  fresh  charge  over  his 
arms,  barry  of  six. 

With  regard  to  the  Wattons,  in  the  pedi- 
gree Thomas  Watton  (described  as  "servant 
to  Queen  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Hen.  VII.")  has 


a  son  Thomas  Watton,  alias  Watson,  of  Lon- 
don, whose  son  is  William  Watton,  of  London 
and  Essex,  his  son  being  John  Watton.  There 
is  much  information  in  the  records  of 
Henry  VIII.,  Edward  VI.,  Mary,  and  Eliza- 
beth concerning  William  Watson,  who  was 
Keeper  of  the  Store  of  Ordnance  in  the 
Tower  of  London.  His  arms  are  given  by 
Guillim  (edition  1660)  as  being  the  same  as 
those  of  the  Kent  Watsons  (c).  He  had  a  son 
John  Watson,  who  died  at  Rivenhall,  in 
Essex,  30  Dec.,  1583. 

It  is  possible  that  William  and  John 
Watson  are  the  same  persons  as  William  and 
John  Watton  of  family  (b). 

Are  similar  arms  assigned  to  families  from 
likeness  of  name  only,  and  not  on  account 
of  relationship? 

Take  the  case  of  the  families  of  Chapman 
(Per  chevron  arg.  and  gu.,  a  crescent 
counterchanged).  Variants  of  these  arms 
are  borne  by  no  fewer  than  twenty-four 
families  of  Chapman  mentioned  in  Burke's 
'  Armory.' 

Can  it  be  that  all  these  families  are  con- 
nected by  blood  with  each  other  ?  Perhaps 
it  may  not  be  a  pi~opost  but  it  is  interesting 
to  note  that  Baldwin  Wac  or  Wake  bore 
Barry  of  six  arg.  and  gu.,  three  hurts  in  chief 
(Matt.  Paris,  'Chron.  Majora').  Of  course 
barry  of  six  is  one  of  the  most  common  of 
parted  coats  ;  still  it  is  strange  when  the 
combination  barry  of  six  with  three  cres- 
cents appears  in  three  families  whose  names 
are  so  much  alike. 

CHRISTOPHER  WATSON. 

Cranfield,  Worple  Road,  Wimbledon. 

BENBOW. — Can  any  reader  of  '  N.  &  Q.1 
kindly  give  me  any  particulars  about  the 
descendants  of  Admiral  John  Benbpw,  born 
1650,  died  1702,  especially  those  tracing  back 
to  Richard,  the  third  son  of  the  admiral  ?  I 
have  the  pedigree,  but  particulars  as  to  dates, 
&c.,  are  in  some  cases  wanting. 

H.  STEWART  BENBOW. 

481,  Green  Lane,  Birmingham. 

LASSA  :  TRAVELLERS'  ACCOUNT.— Has  Hue 
and  Gabet's  narrative  of  their  residence  in 
Lassa,  circa  1845,  been  discredited  ?  R.  S. 

LARGEST  PRIVATE  HOUSE  IN  ENGLAND.— 
From  time  to  time  the  newspapers  name 
some  mansion  as  the  largest,  the  third  largest, 
<fec.,  in  England.  In  the  Daily  Chronicle  of 
29  March  last  Wentwortli  Woodhouse,  Lord 
Fitzwilliam's  place  in  Yorkshire,  is  said  to 
be  "  the  biggest  private  house  in  England." 
Is  this  actually  so  ?  JAMES  HOOPER. 

Norwich. 


30 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [ioth  s.  n.  JULY  9, 


MARTYRDOM  OF  ST.   THOMAS. 
(10th  S.  i.  388,  450.) 

DR.  WOODWARD,  in  'A  Treatise  on  Eccle- 
siastical Heraldry '  (8vo,  1894),  says  (p.  107) : 

"The  mitre  of  S.  Thomas,  Archbishop  of  Canter- 
bury, formerly  in  the  Treasury  of  the  Cathedral  of 
Sens,  was  presented  by  the  Archbishop  of  that  See 
to  Cardinal  Wiseman.  'It  is  low  and  angular; 
composed  of  white  silk,  embroidered  with  golden 
flowers  and  scroll-work,  with  a  broad  band  of  red 
silk  down  the  centre  and  round  the  margin.'  This 
mitre  is  engraved  in  De  Caumont,  '  Abecedaire 
d'Archeplogie,'  and  in  Viollet-le-Duc,  '  Dictionnaire 
du  Mobilier  Frangais.' " 

At  p.  68  of  the  same  work  Dr.  Woodward, 
quoting  from  Dr.  Kock,  refers  to  a  mitre  of 
{St.  Thomas  preserved  at  Bruges. 

There  is  a  large  coloured  drawing  of  his 
mitre  and  his  robes  in  vol.  i.  of  Shaw's  book 
on  'Dresses  and  Decorations  of  the  Middle 
Ages.' 

In  1538  Henry  VIII.  ordered  his  arms  and 
name  to  be  erased  wherever  it  appeared  ;  but 
S.  Newington  Church,  near  Banbury,  has 
a  fresco  of  him  (see  Antiquary,  Nov.,  1902, 
p.  324).  On  the  subject  of  erasure  see 
Gasquet,  '  Henry  VIII.  and  the  English 
Monasteries,'  vol.  i.  pp.  400-1. 

In  Harl.  MS.  2900  there  was  an  illumination 
representing  his  murder,  but  it  has  been 
obliterated  according  to  command  (see  Cata- 
logue Harl.  MSS.). 

In  another  MS.  in  the  same  collection 
(Harl.  5102)  is  a  picture  of  his  death.  This 
is  reproduced  as  a  frontispiece  to  Dr.  E.  A. 
Abbott's  'St.  Thomas  of  Canterbury,  his 
Death  and  Miracles  '  (8vo,  1898). 

In  the  Bodleian  Library,  Oxford,  is  a  MS. 
(Douce  24)  containing  at  folio  141V  a  miniature 
representing  a  Becket  kneeling  in  prayer 
before  an  altar  on  which  is  a  chalice.  By  his 
side  stands  an  acolyte  holding  a  cross  on 
high  ;  behind  him  a  soldier  in  chain-mail, 
with  a  sword  in  each  hand,  in  the  act  of 
striking  off  a  Becket's  head.  This  has 


^"w*»»,7  •**    »»wi..ixo 

formerly  belonged  to  a  Becket  (see  Dr 
fetokess  history  of  the  college,  published 
by  Robinson,  p.  192). 

IntheMunimentRoomofCanterburyCathe- 

dralare  some  seals  one  of  which  appears  to 

be  the  earlier  seal  of  Christ  Church  Priory.  It 

had  a  well-executed  relief  of  the  martyrdom 

impressed  by  a  separate  punch.     When  in 

537  Henry  VIII.  began  to  show  that  to  him 

B  name  of  a  Becket  was  odious,  the  Chapter, 


as  a  matter  of    policy,  ceased   to  use  this 
separate  punch  (see  the  Globe,  18  Oct.,  1902). 
The  Common  Seal  of  the  City  of  London 
Corporation  formerly  had  on  the  reverse 

"  in  its  base  a  view  of  the  City  surmounted  by  an 
arch,  and  on  the  top  of  the  arch,  seated  on  a  throne 
or  chair  of  state,  a  figure  of  St.  Thomas  a  Becket, 
with  figures  kneeling  on  either  side."— J.  J.  Badde- 
ley's  4  Guide  to  Guildhall.' 

But  in  1539  (28  Sept.)  there  is  an  entry  in 
the  Journal  of  the  Corporation  that  the 
image  of  St.  Thomas  should,  in  accordance 
with  the  king's  proclamation  against  images 
of  him,  be  altered,  and  the  City  arms  should 
take  its  place. 

In  the  Bodleian  Library,  Oxford,  there  are 
some  seventeenth-century  copies  of  his  letters 
(see  Summary  Catalogue  MS.  27,594). 

Mention  of  a  reliquary  of  his  appears  at 
pp.  166-9  of  Francis  A.  Knight's  '  The  Sea- 
board of  Mendip '  (Dent  &  Co.,  1902). 

One  of  the  statuette  figures  in  the  new 
reredos  erected  at  Cheltenham  College  as  a 
memorial  to  old  Cheltonians  who  fell  in  the 
South  African  War  is  of  a  Becket  (see  the 
Architect,  22  April,  p.  272,  where  there  is  an 
illustration  of  the  reredos). 

In  "La  Vie  de  S.  Thomas par  C.  du 

Cando"  (St.  Omer,  1615,  4to),  is  a  full-length 
portrait  of  a  Becket  kneeling  at  the  altar. 

His  arms  appear  to  have  been  Argent, 
three  Cornish  choughs  sable,  beaked  and 
legged  gules.  This  may  have  been  in  allusion 
to  his  Christian  name  and  patron  saint  (Dr. 
Woodward's  'Treatise  on  Eccl.  Her.,'  p.  432, 
ut  supra). 

Some  account  is  given  of  his  shrine  in 
Gasquet's  'Henry  VIII.  and  the  English 
Monasteries,'  vol.  ii.  pp.  405  and  407-8, 
quoting  'The  Relics  of  St.  Thomas,'  by  the 
Rev.  J.  Morris,  S.J. 

The  same  authority  (vol.  ii.  p.  399)  mentions 
a  crozier  of  silver,  ornamented,  called  Thomas 
Beckett's  staff,  and  a  note  on  p.  409  is  as 
follows : — 

"  In  the  inventory  (at  Canterbury)  made  in  1315 
the  pastoral  staff  of  St.  Thomas  is  thus  described  : 
'  Item.  Baculus  Sancti  Thomse  de  pyro.  cum 
capite  de  nigro  cornu.'  It  was  thus  made  of  pear- 
wood,  with  a  crook  of  black  horn.  Erasmus  says  : 
'There  (in  the  sacristy)  we  saw  the  pastoral  staff 
of  Saint  Thomas.  It  appeared  to  be  a  cane  covered 
with  silver  plate ;  it  was  of  very  little  weight  and 
no  workmanship,  nor  stood  higher  than  to  the 
waist.'— Nichols,  p.  44,  and  note,  p.  175,"  i.e.,  J. 
Gough  Nichols,  2nd  ed.  of  Erasmus's  '  Pilgrimages.' 

At  the  time  of  the  Dissolution  there  was 
a  glass  window  in  the  Lady  Chapel  of  the 
church  at  Henley-on-Thames  with  an  image 
of  Thomas  a  Becket  ('  Henry  VIII.  and  the 
Eng.  Mon.,'  vol.  i.  p.  401). 


.  ii.  JULY  9, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


31 


A  number  of  references  to  St.  Thomas  are 
given  in  the  indices  (see  pp.  463  and  471)  of 
M.  R.  James's  '  Catalogue  of  the  MSS.  in  the 
Fitzwilliam  Museum '  (Camb.  Univ.  Press, 
1895). 

Cf.  also  Mrs.  Jameson's  'Legends  of  the 
Monastic  Orders '  (Longmans,  1900),  pp.  101- 
110. 

A  number  of  instances  of  his  representation 
in  pre-Reformation  mural  paintings  will  be 
found  in  'A  List  of  Buildings  in  Great 
Britain  and  Ireland  having  Mural  and  other 
Painted  Decorations  of  Dates  prior  to  the 
Latter  Part  of  the  Sixteenth  Century,  with 
Historical  Introduction  and  Alphabetical 
Index  of  Subjects,'  by  C.  E.  Keyser,  M.A., 
F.S.A.,  3rd  ed.,  enlarged,  1883,  issued  by  the 
Education  Department  (Science  and  Art), 
South  Kensington. 

Since  the  above  was  written  I  have  had  an 
opportunity  of  seeing  J.  G.  Nichols's  *  Pil- 
grimages to  St.  Mary  of  Walsingham  and 
St.  Thomas  of  Canterbury'  (Westminster, 
1849).  In  this  edition  the  passage  quoted 
above  appears  on  p.  49,  and  trie  relative  note 
(No.  52)  on  p.  156.  The  note  ends  thus  : — 

"  So  simple  in  the  days  of  Becket  was  the  episcopal 
crosier,  which  in  later  times  was  highly  enriched 
with  goldsmith's  work  and  jewellery  (like  the 
crosier  of  William  of  Wykeham  still  preserved  at 
New  College  Chapel).  In  illustration  of  this  point, 
and  of  the  archbishop's  general  attire,  the  seal  of 
Archbishop  Becket  is  here  (for  the  first  time) 
engraved.'' 

The  engraving  of  the  seal  is  on  the  opposite 
page. 

Other  references  in  this  book  to  St.  Thomas 
are  :  *  Assumed  Dedication  of  Canterbury 
Cathedral  Church  to  S.  Thomas  of  Canter- 
bury,'p.  110;  'The  Names  of  the  Assassins 
of  Becket,'  p.  Ill  (see  also  p.  113);  St. 
Thomas's  head  (illustration),  p.  118  ;  portrait, 
pp.  160,  245  ;  shrine,  pp.  119, 165  (illustration), 
211.  In  the  appendix  are  'The  Martyrdom,' 
p.  213 ;  «  The  Four  Murderers,'  p.  219  ; 
*  Honours,'  p.  221;  'Relics,'  p.  224;  'Pro- 
ceedings against,'  p.  231.  At  p.  240  is  an 
illustration  of  a  pilgrim's  sign  or  token  of 
'Saint  Thomas's  head.' 

H.  W.  UNDERDO  \vx. 

I  find  I  omitted  to  mention  that  at  the 
Hospice  at  Lisieux  (Normandy)  are  shown 
the  vestments  in  which  the  saint  is  said 
to  have  officiated  while  saying  Mass  at 
Lisieux.  These  are  in  a  shrine  at  the  side 
of  the  chapel  altar  ;  on  the  other  side  is  a 
"napkin,"  or  cloth,  in  another  shrine,  stained 
with  his  blood.  This  cloth  was  sent  here 
from  England.  I  believe  both  relics  are 
duly  authenticated. 


It  is  stated  that  at  St.  Lo,  when  St.  Thomas 
was  passing  through  the  town,  having  been 
requested  to  give  a  name  to  the  church  then 
building,  he  suggested  it  should  be  dedicated 
to  the  first  martyr  for  the  faith.  It  so 
happened  that  he  himself  was  the  victim, 
and  the  church  (now  the  corn  market)  was 
accordingly  dedicated  to  him. 

JOHN  A.  RANDOLPH. 

There  used    to    be   a    church    in    Naples 
dedicated   in   this  name.    It   is    figured    in 
'Napoli  Antica,'  published    by  Cardone  in 
1889  ;  but  I  think  it  has  been  clemolished. 
GEO.  WILL.  CAMPBELL. 

Leamington. 

There  is  a  representation  of  the  martyrdom 
on  the  counter  seal  of  St.  Edmund,  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury  1234-40. 

A.  R.  MALDEN. 

Murder  of  Thomas  a  Becket,  drawn  and 
coloured  from  a  window  in  the  north  aisle  of 
Christ  Church  Cathedral,  Oxford  ;  VVilliam 
Fowler,  20  Oct.,  1808  (coloured  engraving). 

The  scourging  of  Henry  II.  before  the 
shrine  of  Thomas  a  Becket,  from  the  old 
glass  in  the  east  window  of  the  Bodleian 
Library,  Oxford  ;  William  Fowler,  2  Oct., 
1809  (coloured  engraving). 

Murder  of  Thomas  a  Becket,  apparently 
from  an  elliptical  seal  (1|  by  Jin.  in  size 
in  the  engraving) ;  William  Fowler,  not 
published,  date  1810.  Original  not  named. 

J.  T.  F. 

Durham. 

There  is  a  sculptured  representation  of  the 
martyrdom  over  the  south  door  of  Bayeux 
Cathedral  which  probably  dates  from  about 
1190,  and  an  illumination  of  it,  belonging  to 
the  beginning  of  the  thirteenth  century,  in 
fol.  32,  Harleian  MS.  5102,  in  the  British 
Museum. 

St.  Thomas's  Hospital  was  in  building 
within  ten  years  of  the  saint's  death. 

The  Abbey  of  Lesnes,  in  Kent,  was  founded 
by  Richard  de  Luci  about  the  same  time. 

The  supposed  connexion  between  St. 
Thomas  and  the  English  College,  Rome,  the 
church  annexed  to  which  is  dedicated  to 
him,  is  discussed  in  the  April  number  of  the 
Dublin  Review,  pp.  274  sqq. 

A  little  book  called  '  Devotion  to  St. 
Thomas  of  Canterbury  '  (London,  W.  Knott, 
26,  Brooke  Street,  Holborn,  1895)  shows  how 
wide-spread  devotion  to  St.  Thomas  was. 
It  contains  (inter  alia)  English  versions  of  a 
collect  for  his  translation  from  the  Rheims 
Breviary ;  of  nine  prayers  from  French  and 
Spanish  Breviaries  of  the  fourteenth  and 
fifteenth  centuries ;  of  sequences  from  the 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  JULY  9,  iw*. 


Missals  of  Canterbury,  Tournay,  York,  Here- 
ford, Olmutz,  and  Auxerre,  and  of  another 
sequence  by  Adam  of  St.  Victor ;  and  of  six 
other  ancient  hymns  in  his  honour. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

In  Spain  churches  were  dedicated  to 
St.  Thomas  of  Canterbury,  shortly  after  his 
death,  both  in  Salamanca  and  Zamora,  and, 
as  I  mentioned  about  a  year  ago,  a  chapel 
in  the  cathedral  church  of  Sigiienza.  There 
is  said  to  exist  at  the  Escorial  a  collection  of 
mediaeval  poetry  written  in  his  honour  in 
Spain.  It  ought,  of  course,  to  be  published 
without  delay.  In  the  Exhibition  at  Paris 
in  1889  there  was  a  good  collection  of 
specimens  of  Limoges  enamelling,  from  the 
period  following  the  martyrdom,  and  giving 
pictures  of  it.  In  these  it  is  noticeable  that 
the  wounding  of  the  head  tallies  with  the 
scar  on  the  remarkable  skull  of  the  skeleton 
dug  up  in  the  crypt  of  Canterbury  Cathedral 
some  fifteen  years  ago,  about  which  some 
interesting  pamphlets  were  published  in  that 
city  because  it  was  supposed  that  the  skeleton 
was  that  of  the  blissful  archbishop,  saved 
by  a  pious  fraud  from  the  fury  of  Henry  VIIL, 
•whose  bone-fire  fed  on  some  substituted 
relics  of  less  value  to  the  clergy  of  that  place. 
E.  S.  DODGSON. 


"GO  ANYWHERE  AND  DO    ANYTHING"    (10th 

S.  ii.  8). — The  editorial  note  might  have  added 
the  famous  speech  of  George  Augustus  Sala, 
which  confirms  the  ascription  of  the  phrase 
to  the  Iron  Duke.  Sala  was  proposing  the 
toast  of  the  army  at  a  moment  when  he 
had  a  private  quarrel  with  it,  and  did  so  as 
follows,  with  a  strong  accentuation  on  the 
word  "do":  "  Gentlemen,  I  give  you  the 
toast  of  the  British  army,  an  army  of  which 
its  greatest  commander  said  that  it  could  go 
anywhere  and  do  anything — or,  I  may  add, 
anybody."  D. 

WHO      HAS      "  IMPROVED  "       SlR      EDWARD 

DYER?  (10th  S.  i.  487.)  — It  is  peculiarly 
gratifying  to  find  MR.  G.  J.  HOLYOAKE, 
despite  his  eighty-seven  years,  writing  with 
all  the  vigour  and  vivacity  that  characterized 
the  work  of  his  pen  in  days  when  his  name 
was  more  frequently  before  the  public  than 
is  now  the  case.  MR.  HOLYOAKE  says  he 
lately  used  the  stanza  which  he  reprints  in 
'N.  &  Q.'  from  a  "poem  ascribed  to  Sir 
Edward  Dyer,"  and  published  with  other 
selections  in  a  journal  he  edited  fifty-seven 
years  ago,  as  "  the  best  description  I  knew 
of  the  intellectual  contentment  of  Herbert 
Spencer  in  his  last  days."  As  an  intimate 
friend  of  the  author  of  a  '  System  of  Synthetic 


hilosophy,'  and  to  a  considerable  extent  in 
Sympathy  with  Spencer's  standpoint  as  a 
thinker,  MR.  HOLYOAKE  gives  a  noteworthy 
description,  though  some  may  question  the 
appropriateness  of  the  lines  to  Spencer's 
mental  attitude.  MR.  HOLYOAKE  asks,  "  Did 
Dyer  write  as  I  quoted  him  in  1847 1 "  and  as 
Drinted  in  4  N.  &  Q.'  under  above  heading. 
[  find  that  the  version  in  Chambers's  '  Cyclo- 
paedia of  Literature '  is  more  akin  to  that  of 
Eenry  Morley,  derided  by  MR.  HOLYOAKE, 
bhan  to  the  lines  MR.  HOLYOAKE  claims  as 
Dyer's.  Palgrave,  Henley,  and  Mr.  Quiller 
Jouch  do  not  include  Dyer  in  their  respective 
anthologies.  In  Hain  Friswell's  'Familiar 
Words '  the  stanza  appears,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  "and"  instead  of  "or"  in  the  last 
line,  exactly  as  given  by  MR.  HOLYOAKE,  with 
"  Percy,  from  Byrd's  *  Psalmes,  Sonnets,'  &c., 
1588,"' cited  as  'authority  ;  and  in  Dalbiac's 
'  Dictionary  of  Quotations  (English),'  the 
stanza,  except  in  the  matter  of  archaic 
pelling,  is  identical  with  Friswell's,  "Old 
ballad"  being  given  as  source.  "In  1872," 
according  to  Chambers's  '  Cyclopaedia/  "  Dr. 
Grosart  did  his  best  to  identify  and  edit  all 
Dyer's  extant  work— a  dozen  pieces  in  all. 
'  My  Mind  to  Me  a  Kingdom  is,'  set  to  music- 
by  Byrd  in  1 588,  is  almost  certainly  his,  and 
is  by  far  the  best  known."  The  first  of  its 
eight  stanzas  in  the  '  Cyclopaedia '  is  as 
follows  : — 

My  mynde  to  me  a  kyngdome  is, 
Such  preasent  joyes  therein  I  fynde, 

That  it  excells  all  other  blisse 
That  earth  affords  or  growes  by  kynde. 

Thoughe  muche  Iwantewhich  moste  would  have, 

Yet  still  my  mynde  forbiddes  to  crave. 
I  share  MR.  HOLYOAKE'S  view  concerning  the 
fourth  line,  that  it  needs  an  interpreter. 

J.  GRIGOR. 

105,  Choumert  Road,  Peckham. 
Dyer's  well-known  poem  on  contentment 
is  to  be  found  in  Kawl.  MS.  Poet.  85,  and 
there  the  first  verse  runs  as  follows  : — 
My  mind  to  me  a  kingdom  is. 

Such  present  joys  therein  1  find, 
That  it  excels  all  other  bliss 
That  earth  affords  or  grows  by  kind. 

I  think  it  may  reasonably  be  assumed  that 
this  was  the  original  form  of  the  text.  When 
the  poem  was  set  to  music  in  1588,  in  William 
Byrd's  'Psalmes,  Sonets,  and  Songs,'  the 
verse  in  question  was  given  thus  : — 
My  mind  to  me  a  kingdom  is  ; 

Such  perfect  joy  therein  I  find, 
As  far  exceeds  all  earthly  bliss 
That  God  and  Nature  hath  assigned. 

I  doubt  if  it  is  known  when,  or  by  whom, 
these  alterations  in  the  text  were  made. 
MR.  G.  J.  HOLYOAKE  is  misinformed  as  to 


.  ii.  JCLY  9.19M.J        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


the  poein  being  included  in  Palgrave's  'Golden 
Treasury.'  In  Dalbiac's  '  Dictionary  of  Quo- 
tations,' however,  the  first  verse  of  it  is 
given,  and  exactly  in  the  form  that  is  used 
by  Byrd.  WALTER  B.  KINGSFORD. 

United  University  Club. 

MR.  HOLYOAKE'S  reading  is  supported  by 
Percy's  *  Reliques,'  in  which,  in  the  edition  I 
have  seen,  no  varice  lectiones  are  noted.  Pal- 
grave's  *  Golden  Treasury  '  does  not — in  my 
copy,  at  least — contain  the  poem,  but  the  text 
to  which  objection  is  taken  is  to  be  found  in 
'Lyrical  Verse  from  Elizabeth  to  Victoria' 
(Chapman  &  Hall,  1896). 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 
The  poem  referred  to  by  MR.  HOLYOAKE  is 
in  Percy's  '  Reliques,'  and  consists  of  eleven 
stanzas.    In  the  original  edition,  published 
by  Dodsley  in  1765,  the  first  verse  runs  :— 
My  minde  to  me  a  kingdome  is  ; 
Such  perfect  joye  therein  I  finde 
As  farre  exceeds  all  earthly  blisse, 
That  world  affords  or  growes  by  kinde.  * 
Though  much  I  want  that  most  men  have, 
Yet  doth  my  mind  forbid  me  crave. 

The  poem  is  stated  to  be  printed  from  two 
ancient  copies,  one  of  them  in  black  letter 
in  the  Pepys  Collection  thus  inscribed  :  "  A 
sweet  and  pleasant  sonet  entituled  My  minde 
to  me  a  kingdome  is." 

In  the  edition  published  by  Messrs  Sonnen- 
schein  in   1887,   and  edited   by    Mr.   H.  B. 
Wheatley,  the  first  verse  is  as  follows  :— 
My  minde  to  me  a  kingdome  is  ; 
Such  perfect  joye  therin  I  finde 
As  farre  exceeds  all  earthly  blisse, 
That  God  or  Nature  hath  assignde  : 
Though  much  I  want,  that  most  would  have, 
Yet  still  my  mind  forbids  to  crave. 
The  poem  is  here  chiefly  printed  from  a  thin 
quarto  music  book  entitled  "Psalmes,  Sonets, 
and  Songs  of  sadnes  and  pietie  made  into 
music  of  five  parts,  &c.    By  William  Byrd, 
one  of  the  Gent,  of  the  Queenes  Majesties 
honorable  Chappell "  (date  probably  about 
1588).  E.  PALMER. 

Brighton. 

This  poem  of  eleven  stanzas  appeared  in 
the  old  Saturday  Magazine  many  years  ago. 
My  copy  clipped  therefrom  does  not,  I  am 
sorry  to  say,  bear  any  date,  but  I  believe  it 
would  be  about  ten  years  previous  to  1847, 
the  date  of  its  quotation  by  MR.  HOLYOAKE. 
The  first  four  lines  are  identical  with  your 
correspondent's  version.  At  the  head  of  the 
poem  is  printed  the  following  : — 

"This  celebrated  song  is  printed  in  several  col- 
lections of  Poems  published  in  the  sixteenth  cen- 
tury. There  are  many  variations  in  each  of  the 

*  Bestowed  by  nature. 


copies.  The  following  version  is  that  given  by 
Ritson  in  his  '  English  Songs,'  with  the  exception  of 
the  last  stanza,  which  is  from  a  manuscript  in  the 
Bodleian  Library  at  Oxford.  In  that  manuscript 
the  Poem  is  ascribed  to  Sir  Edward  Dyer,  a  friend 
of  Sir  Philip  Sydney." 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

V\  est  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

It  appears  that  MR.  HOLYOAKE,  in  184T, 
quoted  Sir  Edward  Dyer's  stanza  under  the 
form  in  which  it  appears  in  Byrd's  *  Psalmes, 
Sonets,'  <fec.,  1588.  The  alternative  form- 
under  which  it  is  given  by  Henry  Morley  in 
Cassell's  "Library  of  English  Literature" 
('Shorter  English  Poems')  is  that  which 
Archdeacon  Hannah  printed  in  his  volume 
of  selections  entitled  'The  Courtly  Poets/ 
According  to  Bartlett  ('Familiar  Quotations,7 
1890,  p.  8)  the  stanza  in  this  latter  shape  is 
found  in  MS.  Rawl.  85,  p.  17. 

11.  A.  POTTS. 

NAME  FOR  A  UNIVERSITY  WOMEN'S  CLUB 
(10th  S.  i.  489).— Why  not  the  Aim*  Matres  ? 
I  can  foresee  that  they  will  be  known  as  the 
MAs ;  and,  if  their  house  is  near  Piccadilly, 
as  the  Parcse.  I  should  not  be  surprised  if 
they  were  called  dvdpioirai. 

HOMO  CCELEBS. 

Would  not  the  Minerva  be  a  suitable  name 
for  the  club  in  question  1  The  name  of  the 
third  great  divinity  of  the  Romans  contains, 
it  is  thought,  the  same  root  as  mens  ;  and  she 
is,  accordingly,  the  thinking  power  personi- 
fied. J.  H OLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

How  would  "Nidus  loquax"  do?  See 
Virgil,  *7En.,'  xii.  475;  but  the  phrase  is 
perhaps  "less  polite  than  just  "in  its  appli- 
cation to  a  club  for  women.  TvvaiKovofj.ia  = 
the  office  of  Gunaikonomos,  a  magistrate 
whose  duty  was  to  maintain  good  manners 
among  women,  may  be  a  more  acceptable 
suggestion.  J.  A.  J.  HOUSDEN. 

4  CHILDREN  OF  THE  CHAPEL'  (10th  S.  i.  407, 
458). — A  copy  of  this  tract,  supposed  to  be 
unique,  was  formerly  in  the  possession  of 
Bishop  Tanner,  but  does  not  appear  to  have 
come  to  the  Bodleian  Library  in  1736  with 
the  rest  of  his  books  ('Annals  of  the  Bodl. 
Libr.,'  1890,  p.  212n.).  W.  D.  MACRAY. 

ROPEMAKERS'       ALLEY       CHAPEL,       LlTTLE 

MOORFIELDS  (10th  S.  i.  466).— "  Madame  Elen 
Fleetwood  "  was  the  second  wife  and  widow 
of  Smith  Fleetwood,  of  Armingland  Hall,  co. 
Norfolk,  son  of  General  Charles  Fleetwood 
(Cromwell's  son-in-law)  by  his  first  marriage. 
Her  will,  dated  30  May,  1727,  was  proved 
24  July,  1731,  by  William  Stiles,  the  execu- 
tor (P.C.C.  Isham,  180).  She  mentions  her 
son  Charles  (who  predeceased  her),  and 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [10*  s.  n.  JULY  9, 1904. 


daughters  Elizabeth,  Frances,  Carolina,  and 
Jane.  To  Mr.  Asty,  minister  of  the  gospel, 
she  leaves  a  wainscot  press  and  some  oi  the 
books  therein,  and  in  a  codicil,  dated 
25  November,  1728,  10*.  The  will  gives  102. 
for  the  poor  to  the  deacons  of  his  church. 
Madame  Elizabeth  Fleetwood's  will,  proved 
10  August,  1728  (P.C.C.  Brook,  236),  also 
contains  a  bequest  to  John  Asty.  Elizabeth 
and  Jane  were  in  reality  step-daughters  of 
Ellen  Fleetwood,  as  they  were  the  third  and 
sixth  daughters  of  Smith  Fleetwood's  first 
marriage  with  Mary,  daughter  of  Sir  Edward 
Hartopp. 

Mary  Carter  was  the  daughter  of  General 
Charles  Fleetwood  by  his  second  wife 
Bridget,  daughter  of  Oliver  Cromwell ;  she 
married  Nathaniel  Carter,  of  Yarmouth,  at 
Stoke  Newington,  21  February,  1677/8  (4th  S. 
ix.  363).  She  was  buried  at  St.  Nicholas's 
Church,  Great  Yarmouth.  She  is  mentioned 
in  her  father's  will,  and  in  Smith  Fleet- 
wood's  will,  dated  25  August,  1697,  proved 
5  May,  1729  (P.C.C.  Abbott,  132),  she  and  her 
husband  both  taking  101.  John  Asty  also 
receives  a  legacy  of  5l.  In  a  funeral  sermon, 
"  occasioned  by  the  Death  of  the  very  Reli- 
gious Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fleetwood,  Preach'd 
at  Stoke  Newington,  June  23,  1728,"  Asty 
speaks  of  his  earliest  service  in  the  ministry 
being  devoted  to  the  Fleetwood  family, 
*l  wherein  I  lived  many  Years."  R.  W.  B. 

THE  ENGLISH  CHANNEL  (10th  S.  i.  448).— I 
•cannot  give  MR.  J.  DORMER  the  information 
he  wishes  to  gain  about  "La  Manche,"  but  I 
think  he  may  like  to  have  his  attention 
•drawn  to  the  fact  that  Drayton  calls  the 
same  water-way  the  Sleeve,  in  his  '  Ballad  of 
Agincourt.'  He  says  of  King  Henry  V.  : — 

But,  for  he  found  those  vessels  were  too  few, 
That  into  France  his  army  should  convey, 
He  sent  to  Belgia,  whose  great  store  he  knew 
Might  now  at  need  supply  him  every  way. 
His  bounty  ample  as  the  winds  that  blew, 
•Such  barks  for  portage  out  of  ev'ry  bay 

In  Holland,  Zealand  and  in  Flanders,  brings, 
As  spread  the  wide  Sleeve  with  their  canvass 
wings. 

A  foot-note  on  Sleeve  runs :  "  The  sea  between 
France  and  England,  so  called."  In  *  Poly- 
olbion,'  xviii.  744,  the  Channel  is  "the  Celtique 
Sea."  Camden,  when  treating  of  Sussex  and 
speaking  by  the  pen  of  Gibson,  says,  "  It  lies 
all  on  the  south  side,  upon  the  British  Ocean, 
with  a  streight  shore"  (edit.  1695,  p.  165). 

So  far  as  I  can  remember,  Shakespeare 
never  gives  the  name  of  any  of  our  circum- 
ambient seas  ;  which  fact,  if  fact  it  be,  is,  in 
view  of  his  historical  plays,  quite  worthy  of 
remark.  ST.  SWITHIN. 


THE  ARMSTRONG  GUN  (10th  S.  i.  388,  436).— 
In  1839  I  invented  a  gun  similar  to  that 
which  was  afterwards  called  the  Armstrong 
gun  and  shell,  and  also  a  system  of  coast 
defence.  In  1853-4  my  father,  unknown  to 
me,  submitted  my  plans  for  guns  and  shell 
to  Sir  Hew  Ross,  Lieutenant-General  of  the 
Ordnance,  who  commented  favourably,  and  to 
Sir  George  Grey,  the  Home  Secretary,  who 
had  known  my  father  many  years.  There- 
upon I  was  summoned  from  Cornwall  to 
Woolwich,  to  meet  the  Committee  of  Defence, 
who  made  objections  that  proved  in  after 
years  as  trivial  as  I  then  deemed  them.  The 
chairman  insisted  that  nothing  would  com- 
pensate for  boring  out  the  breech  (evidently 
strengthen  the  wrought-iron  coil),  and  the 
compound  gun  would  not  stand  the  vibration 
(possibly,  if  heat  came  from  without ;  but  the 
heat  coming  from  within,  expansion  would 
prevent  vibration).  My  gun  would  weigh 
seventy  tons  (the  "Woolwich  Infant"  weighs 
eighty  tons).  Other  objections  were  also 
easily  overcome. 

We  observed  that  one  officer,  in  undress, 
attentively  listened  and  seldom  spoke  before 
the  last  half  hour,  when  the  others  were 
discussing  our  gun  platforms  revolving  under 
cover,  and  following  up  the  remarks  of  Sir 
Hew  Ross  on  the  artistic  merit  of  my  draw- 
ings. Lieut.-Col.  Anderson,  the  said  officer, 
then  questioned  me  apart  more  minutely.  He 
seemed  slow,  and  with  difficulty  1  made  him 
fully  understand  my  shell,  which  Mr.  Arm- 
strong considered  more  scientific  than  the 
gun.  We  passed  on  to  my  defences,  and  I 
was  explaining  merely  what  applied  to  a  rock- 
bound  coast,  when  the  chairman  (Col.  Chal- 
mers, R.A.)  proposed  to  adjourn,  as  they  had 
sat  nearly  two  hours  over  time,  and  to  meet 
again,  as  so  much  novel  and  important  matter 
remained  ;  but,  to  judge  from  the  objections 
already  raised,  it  seemed  waste  of  time,  and 
that  I  had  better  go  home. 

On  my  return  I  explained  my  plans  to  an 
old  captain  R.N.  and  his  two  sons,  and  said, 
"  They  will  come  to  all  this,  and  remember  1 
show  it  to  you  now."  This  was  frequently 
mentioned  in  the  Western  press  (between 
1866  and  1875),  and,  I  believe,  repeated  in  the 
London  press. 

When  it  leaked  out  that  a  Mr.  Armstrong 
(who  first  turned  his  attention  to  gunnery 
six  months  later)  had  received  8,0001.  from 
the  War  Office  to  make  experiments, 
my  father  immediately  claimed  the  inven- 
tion as  mine  at  the  age  of  nineteen. 
In  fairness  some  member  of  the  Committee 
might  have  intervened,  but  the  Ordnance  had 
meanwhile  been  turned  over  to  the  War 


s.  ii.  JULY  9,i9N.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


35 


Office.  Some  years  later,  on  relating  my 
adventure,  I  was  informed  of  the  curious 
coincidence  that  a  Col.  Anderson  was  in 
partnership  with  Sir  William  Armstrong. 

On  12  October,  1857,  my  father  wrote  thus 
in  the  Mechanics'  Magazine  : — 

"Prejudiced  and  opposed  to  breech-loading 
cannon  as  Col.  Chalmers,  the  President  of  the 
Committee  of  1854,  was  when  we  met,  I  am  bound 
to  say,  from  the  five  experienced  senior  officers  who 
composed  that  committee  both  Dr.  Drake  and 
myself  received  the  most  marked  attention  ;  and 
the  discussion  on  the  various  plans  we  placed  before 
them  detained  them  one  hour  and  a  half  beyond 
the  usual  time  of  sitting." 

A  plan  and  elevation  of  a  32-pounder  cast-iron 
gun  converted  into  a  breech-loader  follows  his 
letter. 

The  Standard  and   the    Morning    Herald 
(13  April,  18(58),  in  their  editorial  articles  on 
4  Inventors  and   their  Rewards,'  placed   my 
father's  name  first  in  a  list  of  remarkable 
men,  and,  not  knowing  my  claim,  wrote  :  "  Sir 
William  Armstrong,  a  great  inventor  and 
pioneer  of  no  small  value,  notwithstanding  al 
the  millions  his  experiments  may  have  cos 
the  country,"  &c.     My   experiments    wouk 
not  have  cost  half  a  million. 

H.  H.  DRAKE. 
43,  St.  George's  Avenue,  Tufnell  Park. 

AST  WICK  :  AUSTWICK  (10th  S.  i.  466).— Ha 
YORKSHIREMAN     ever    examined     any     oh 
Austwick    deeds    or    documents'?    If    so, 
think  he  would  find  that  Austwick  was  very 
frequently  spelt   without  the    w.    He    say 
that  in  his  grandfather's  time  the  name  wa 
pronounced  Asstick,  though  spelt  "Awstwick 
now."    If    YORKSHIRKMAN   will  refer    to 


p.  452,  vol.  i.  of  Edward  Baines's  'History 
Directory,  and  Gazetteer  of  the  County  o: 
York,'  published  in  1822,  he  will  find  no  w  in 
the  word,  as  it  is  spelt  as  still  pronounced, 
"Austick."  CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 
Bradford. 

KICHARD  STEVENS  (9th  S.  xi.  468).— He  is 
probably  the  Dr.  Stephens  who  was  one  of 
Father  Parsons's  secretaries  in  1601,  and  is 
described  as  "  a  great  scholar,  but  so  choleric 
that  lie  is  very  poor  "('S. P.  Dom.  Add.  Eliz.,' 
xxxiv.  40,  41).  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

"  A  PAST  "  (10th  S.  i.  327, 396).— See  '  Woman 
with  a  Past,'  8th  S.  viii.  88.  H.  J.  B. 

WAS  EDMUND  KEAN  A  JEW?  (10th  S.  i.  449.) 
—In  Maoaulay's  'History  of  England/  viii. 
ch.  xxi.,  the  parentage  of  Edmund  Kean  is 
given  as  follows  : — 

"He  [(Jeorge  Savile,  Marquess  of  Halifax]  left  a 
natural  son,  Henry  Carey,  whose  dramas  once  drew 
crowded  audiences  to  the  theatres,  and  some  of 


whose  gay  and  spirited  verses  still  live  in  the 
memory  of  hundreds  of  thousands.  From  Henry 
Carey  descended  that  Edmund  Kean  who  in  our 
own  time  transformed  himself  so  marvellously  into 
Shylock,  lago,  and  Othello." 

The  Editor  of  '  X.  &  Q.,'  in  November,  1856, 
gave  the  following  reply  to  a  query  which 
appeared  in  2nd  S.  ii.  413  : — 

"  Henry  Carey,  musical  composer  and  poet,  was 
an  illegitimate  son  of  George  Savile,  Marquis  of 
Halifax  (his  mother's  name  still  remains  a  query), 
and  left  a  son  George  Savile  Carey,  also  a  lyrist, 
whose  daughter  married  Edmund  Kean,  an  architect. 
The  issue  of  this  marriage  was  Edmund  Kean,  the 
late  celebrated  actor." 

EVERARD   HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

MAGNA  CHARTA  (10th  S.  i.  469).— The  sale 
catalogue  of  Richard  Clark's  library  is  neither 
in  the  Corporation  Library,  Guildhall,  nor  in 
the  London  Institution  ;  but  the  following 
particulars  of  him  were  given  in  an  article  by 
the  Rev.  Alfred  Bevan,  entitled  'Chamber- 
lains of  the  City,'  which  appeared  in  the 
City  Press  of  15  November,  1902  :— 

"  At  the  election  of  1798  (poll  closed  2  January), 
Richard  Clark,  Alderman  of  Broad  Street,  was 
chosen  by  558  votes  to  50  for  Sir  Watkin  Lewes, 
Alderman  of  Lime  Street.  He  had  been  Sheriff  in 
1777-8,  and  Lord  Mayor  in  1784-5.  He  held  office 
for  thirty-three  years,  dying  16  January,  1881." 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

MOON  AND  THE  WEATHER  (10th  S.  i.  347,  441). 

— There  seems  to  be  no  doubt  that  the  lines 
were  written  by  Dr.  Edward  Jenner,  of 
vaccination  fame.  In  its  correct  form  the 
poem  is  printed  in  Baron's  '  Life  of  Jenner,' 
1827,  pp.  22-4,  and  is  there  entitled  'Signs 
of  Ram.  An  Excuse  for  not  accepting  the 
Invitation  of  a  Friend  to  make  a  Country 
Excursion.'  Dr.  Erasmus  Darwin  was  a 
correspondent  of  Jenner's,  arid  it  is  not 
mprobable  that  the  latter  had  sent  him  a 
copy  of  the  poem,  which  in  turn  he  had  sent 
on  to  another  friend  as  suited  to  the  occasion. 

E.  G.  B. 

In  Nasmyth  and  Carpenter's  elaborate 
work  'The  Moon'  (1874)  are  the  following 
emarks  concerning  the  supposed  influence 

of  this  luminary  on  the  weather  :— 
"  The  second  of  the  specified  abuses  to  which  the 
loon  is  subject  refers  to  its  supposed  influence  on 
lie  weather  :  and  in  the  extent  to  which  it  goes 
his  is  one  of  the  most  deeply  rooted  of  popular 
rrors.  That  there  is  an  infinitesimal  influence 
xerted  by  the  moon  on  our  atmosphere  will  be 
een  from  the  evidence  we  have  to  offer,  but  it  is 
F  a  character  and  extent  vastly  different  from 

what  is  commonly  believed.    The  popular  error  is 
mwn  in  its  most  absurd   form   when  the  mere 

aspect  of  the  moon,  the  mere  transition  from  one 


36 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [ws.ii.  JULY  9,190*. 


phase  of  illumination  to  another,  is  asserted  to  be 
productive  of  a  change  of  weather  ;  as  if  the  gradual 
passage  from  first  quarter  to  second  quarter,  or 
from  that  to  the  third,  could  of  itself  upset  an 
existing  condition  of  the  atmosphere  ;  or  as  if  the 
conjunction  of  the  moon  with  the  sun  could  invert 
the  order  of  the  winds,  generate  clouds,  and  pour 
down  rains.  A  moment's  reasoning  ought  to  show 
that  the  supposed  cause  and  the  observed  effect 
have  no  necessary  connection.  In  our  climate  the 
weather  may  be  said  to  change  at  least  every  three 
days,  and  the  moon  changes— to  retain  the  popular 
term— every  seven  days ;  so  that  the  probability 
of  a  coincidence  of  these  changes  is  very  great 
indeed:  when  it  occurs  the  moon  is  sure  to  be 
credited  with  causing  it.  But  a  theory  of  this  kind 
is  of  no  use  unless  it  can  be  shown  to  apply  in  every 
case ;  and  moreover  the  change  must  always  be  in 
the  same  direction:  to  suppose  that  the  moon  can 
turn  a  tine  day  to  a  wet  one,  and  a  wet  day  to  a  fine 
morrow  indiscriminately,  is  to  make  our  satellite 
blow  hot  and  cold  with  the  same  mouth,  and  so  to 
reduce  the  supposition  to  an  absurdity.  If  any 
marked  connection  existed  between  the  state  of 
the  air  and  the  aspect  of  the  moon,  it  must  inevit- 
ably have  forced  itself  unsought  upon  the  attention 
of  meteorologists.  In  the  weekly  return  of  Births, 
Deaths,  and  Marriages  issued  by  the  Registrar- 
General  a  table  is  given,  showing  all  the  meteoro- 
logical elements  at  Greenwich  for  every  day  of 
the  year,  and  a  column  is  set  apart  for  noting  the 
changes  and  positions  of  the  moon.  These  reports 
extend  backwards  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century. 
Here,  then,  is  a  repertory  of  data  that  ought  to 
reveal  at  a  glance  any  such  connection,  and  would 
certainly  have  done  so  had  it  existed.  But  no 
constant  relation  between  the  moon  columns  and 
those  containing  the  instrument  readings  has  ever 
been  traced."— P.  181. 

J.   HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 
TlDESWELL    AND    TlDESLOW  (9th    S.    xii.    341, 

517;  10th  S.  i.  52,  91,  190,  228,  278,  292,  316, 
371,  471).— At  the  last  reference  ME.  REICHEL 
says  that  "  the  Domesday  name  Duvelle 
would  naturally  be  abbreviated  into  Duvel." 
The  town  of  Duffield  is  mentioned  in  Domes- 
day not  as  Duvelle,  but,  as  I  said,  Duuelle, 
which  is  quite  another  thing.  Here  the 
geminated  u  represents  u,  and  the  modern 
form  of  Duuelle  would  be  Dowell,  just  as  the 
modern  form  of  A.-S.  cu  is  cow.  In  the 
'Rotuli  Hundredorum'  Duffield  appears  as 
Doubrug'.  According  to  MR.  REICHEL'S 
theory  it  should  be  Dufbrug'.  He  does  not 
seem  to  know  that  A.-S.  v  is  equivalent  to/. 

To  suPPort  his  theory  of  abbreviation 
MR.  REICHEL  says  that  Culmton  and  Plynton 
have  become  Collompton  and  Plympton.' 
With  regard  to  Culmton  the  exact  opposite 
is  the  fact,  for  Collompton,  from  the  man's 
name  Columba,  has  become  Culmton. 

Further,    I    do    not    understand    why    it 

f W  ,  •  e  said  that  "the  old  English  use  o 

held    is  to  describe  the  open  field  in  whict 

the  members  of  the  community  had   their 

several    plots,    not    the    close    which     th 


ndividual     held."      The     first    element    in 
undreds  of  place-names  ending  in  -feld  is 

a  personal  name,  as,  for  instance,  Ravenes- 
:eld,  Bottesfeld,  Toppesfeld,  Badmundesfeld, 
joksfeld,  Hundesfeld,  which  I  take  from  the 
Rotuli  Hundredorum.'  Here  we  have  the 

men's  names  Rsefn,  Botti,  and  so  forth. 

S.  O.  ADDY. 

In  illustration  of  the  influence  of  rail- 
vay  usage  in  changing  the  pronunciation 
of  place-names,  to  which  SIR  HERBERT  MAX- 
WELL refers  at  10th  S.  i.  371,  the  following 
case  of  incipient  change  may  be  worthy  of 
record.  The  station  on  the  North  British 
Railway  at  the  south  end  of  the  Forth  Bridge 

s  Dalmeny,  named  after  the  adjoining  pro- 
perty of  Lord  Rosebery,  and  there  is  a  village 
of  the  name.  The  usual  pronunciation — 
"amiliar,  no  doubt,  to  many  in  the  courtesy 

itle  of  the  heir  to  the  Earldom  of  Rosebery 
— is  Dalmeny.  The  station  porters,  how- 
ever, now  announce  the  arrival  of  the  train 
at  Dalmeny.  For  how  long  there  has  been 
ihis  change  I  cannot  say,  but  the  railway 
las  only  been  opened  for  some  fourteen  years, 
and  we  may  have  here  the  beginning  of  a 

hange  which  some  years  hence  may  be  the 
established  order.  I.  B.  B. 

I  am  glad  MR.  RONALD  DIXON  has  put 
SIR  HERBERT  MAXWELL  right  concerning  his 
statement  that  Bridlington  is  "  sounded '* 
Burlington.  As  a  one-time  resident  of 
Bridlington  Quay,  I  can  assure  him  that 
Burlington  is  simply  an  alternate  name  for 
Bridlington,  thus  corroborating  all  MR. 
DIXON'S  statements. 

Should  SIR  HERBERT  MAXWELL  desire 
further  proof,  I  may  inform  him  that  Brid- 
lington was  formerly  written  Brellington 
(vide  *  National  Gazetteer '),  and  that  in  all 
gazetteers  in  my  library  there  is  the  heading 
*  Bridlington  or  Burlington.'  On  p.  411  of 
the  '  Beauties  of  England  and  Wales,'  under 
the  article  on  'Bridlington,'  is  an  asterisk 
directing  attention  to  a  foot-note  which  runs 
as  follows: — "Olim  Brellington,  and  now 
for  the  most  part  called  Burlington."  In 
Baines's  ' Yorkshire '  (1823),  'Bridlington  or 
Burlington '  is  also  the  heading  to  the 
article  dealing  with  Bridlington. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Bradford. 

With  regard  to  the  pronunciation  of  Car- 
lisle, Sir  Walter  Scott's  '  Bridal  of  Triermain ' 
contains  the  lines  : — 

She  has  fair  Strathclyde,  and  Reged  wide, 
And  Carlisle  tower  and  town, 

where  the  accent  is  evidently  placed  on  the 
first  syllable.  C.  L.  S. 


io«'  s.  ii.  JULY  9, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


37 


ARMS  OF  LINCOLN,  CITY  AND  SEE  (10th  S. 
i.  168,  234)  —May  I,  in  addition  to  what  MR. 
MAC  MICHAEL  has  written,  and  in  answer  to 
one  part  of  J.  W.  G.'s  question — that  as  to 
the  arms  of  the  See  of  Lincoln — refer  your 
correspondent  to  what  the  late  Dr.  Wood- 
ward has  written  on  the  subject  in  his  work 
*  Ecclesiastical  Heraldry'  (1894)?  At  p.  182, 
on  a  plate  excellently  blazoned,  appear  the 
arms  of  that  see :  "  Gules,  two  lions  pas- 
sant guardant  in  pale  or ;  on  a  chief  azure 
the  effigy  of  the  Blessed  Virgin,  seated, 
crowned  and  sceptred,  and  holding  the  Holy 
Child,  all  of  the  second."* 

At  p.  184  appears  the  following  interesting 
account  of  these  arms,  which,  as  your  corre- 
spondent may  not  have  ready  access  to  the 
book  (which  is  now,  I  believe,  scarce),  I  maj- 
be  allowed  to  transcribe  for  his  information  : 

"  Up  to  1496  the  Episcopal  seals  usually  contain 
the  effigy  of  the  Blessed  Virgin  with  the  Child  ; 
but  on  the  seals  of  Bishop  William  Smith  (1495- 
1514)  the  shield  of  arms  at  present  used  appears. 
As  the  throne  of  the  Bishop  of  the  See,  formed  by 
the  union  of  the  ancient  Bishoprics  of  Dorchester 
and  Sidnacester,  was  placed  at  Lincoln  in  1075  by 
William  the  Conqueror,  the  arms  borne  by  him  (or 
at  least  by  his  successors,  kings  of  England  and 
dukes  of  Normandy)  may  have  been  used  'to  com- 
memorate the  founder.  The  suggestion  that  the 
arms  may  have  originated  in  the  fact  that  Geoffrey 
Plantagenet  (natural  son  of  Henry  II.  by  Fair  Rosa- 
mond) was  Bishop-elect,  though  without  consecra- 
tion, from  1173  to  1182,  does  not  now  appear  to  me 
«o  probable  as  at  one  time  it  did.  The  dedication 
of  the  Cathedral  is  to  the  Blessed  Virgin  and  All 
Saints.  The  jurisdiction  of  this  See  consists  of  the 
•County  of  Lincoln." 

I  may  add  that  the  arms  of  Lincoln  College, 
•Oxford,  bear  reference  to  the  See  of  Lincoln 
as  well  as  to  those  of  its  founders. 

J.  S.  UDAL,  F.S.A. 

Antigua,  W.I. 

LOCAL  AND  PERSONAL  PROVERBS  IN  THE 
WAVERLEY  NOVELS  (10th  S.  i.  383,  402,  455).— 
The  following  extract  from  'The  Bride  of 
Lammerrnoor '  contains  several  amusing  speci- 
mens of  these,  and  is  an  illustration  of  the 
mode  in  which  justice  was  administered  in 
Scotland  about  the  date  of  the  Union.  It 
was  said  at  that  time,  "  Show  me  the  man, 
and  I  will  show  you  the  law  ": — 

"  [Lord  Turn  tippet  loquitur.]  *  I  thought  Sir  Wil- 
liam [i.e.  AthtonJ  would  hae  verified  the  auld 
Scottish  saying,  "As  soon  comes  the  lamb's  skin  to 
market  as  the  auld  tup's."  ' 

' '  We  must  please  him  after  his  own  fashion,5 
said  another,  '  though  it  be  an  unlooked-for  one.' 


*  The  blazonry  on  the  plate,  however,  does  not 
bear  out  in  all  its  details  Dr.  Woodward's  state- 
ment, the  Virgin  being  attired  argent  and  the 
cushion  of  the  seat  being  gules. 


"  *  A  wilful  man  maun  hae  his  way,' answered  the 
old  counsellor. 

( '  The  Keeper  will  rue  this  before  year  and  day 
are  out,'  said  a  third:  'the  Master  of  Ravenswood 
is  the  lad  to  wind  him  a  pirn.' 

' 4  Why,  what  would  you  do,  my  lords,  with  the 
poor  young  fellow  ? '  said  a  noble  Marquis  present ; 
'  the  Lord  Keener  has  got  all  his  estates— he  has 
not  a  cross  to  bless  himself  with.' 
"  On  which  the  ancient  Lord  Turntippet  replied, 
'  If  he  hasna  gear  to  fine 

He  has  shins  to  pine. 

And  that  was  our  way  before  the  Revolution— 
Luitur  cum  persona,  qui  luerenenpotest  <-nm  crnnn.na 
— Hegh,  my  lords,  that's  gude  law  Latin.'"  — 
Chap.  v. 

This  legal  maxim  seems  to  obtain  pretty 
generally  even  at  the  present  day. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

With  regard  to  MR.  JERRAM'S  letter  at  the 
last  reference,  I  may  state  that  I  remember 
as  a  small  boy  the  frequent  use,  by  a  native 
of  Westmoreland,  of  an  expression  which  I 
spell  as  it  sounded  to  me — "  They  're  rnarrah 
tuh  bran,"  meaning  thereby  that  two  or  more 
things  were  exactly  alike,  or,  at  any  rate, 
that  there  was  not  much  difference  between 
them.  MISTLETOE. 

To  MR.  BOUCIIIER'S  interesting  list  might 
be  added  "To  go  to  the  devil  with  a  dish- 
clout,"  used  by  Richie  Moniplies  in  'The 
Fortunes  of  Nigel,'  xiv.,  and  also  in  *  Castle 
Dangerous,'  but  not  having  that  novel  at 
hand  I  cannot  give  the  exact  reference. 

"To  be  of  the  family  of  Furnival's," 
means  to  be  a  law  student.  I  saw  this  ex- 
planation in  one  of  the  early  volumes  of 
'  N.  <fc  Q.,'  but  cannot  recollect  why  Furnival's 
was  named  in  preference  to  other  Inns  of 
Court  and  Chancery.  M.  N.  G. 

[Furnivals=attorneysJ  clerks.    See  6th  S.  viii.  448.] 

WOLVERHAMPTON    PULPIT    (10th    S.    i.    407, 

476). — I  was  born  within  the  sound  of  the 
bells  of  St.  Peter's  Church,  and  naturally 
take  an  interest  in  the  district.  That  the 
pulpit  "is  cut  out  of  one  entire  stone,"  or  an 
idea  of  similar  purport,  has  been  repeatedly 
asserted  by  divers  historians,  and  it  is  not 
at  all  impossible  that  "a  figure  of  a  grotesque 
animal  has  guarded  it  for  more  than  800 
years."  I  have  not  seen  Miss  Barr  Brown's 
"somewhat  sensational"  note  in  the  Antiquary t 
but  I  may  inform  her  that,  according  to  the 
'Beauties  of  England  and  Wales'  (vol.  xiii. 
part  ii.  p.  859),  published  in  1823,  her 
"grotesque  animal ''  is  "  the  figure  of  a  large 
lion  executed  in  a  very  superior  style."  I 
should  like  to  ask  MR.  HARRY  HEMS  upon 
what  ground  he  so  emphatically  contradicts 
Miss  Brown's  statements. 

CIIAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 


38 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


JULY  9,190*. 


STAMP  COLLECTING  AND  ITS  LITERATURE 
(10th  S.  i.  322).— A  reply  made  to  me  in  th 
Philatelic  Quarterly  (1877)  may  be  of  interest 
I  must  have  addressed  Messrs.  Stafford  Smith 
&  Co.,  of  Brighton,  the  publishers,  asking 
for  some  information  on  the  subject  of  the 
earliest  stamp  collectors,  and  the  following 
answer  was  published  : — 

"  Many  years  since,  in  1861,  we  were  informed  a 
Louvain  by  some  of  the  students  at  the  Collegi 
there  that  they  were  the  first  collectors.  We  sat 
a  collection  in  London  in  1854,  and  heard  of  ont 
that  had  been  formed  previously  to  that  by  a  few 
years." 

WILMOT  CORFIELB,  Hon.  Sec. 

Philatelic  Society  of  India,  Calcutta. 

It  would  be  well  to  put  on  record,  as  being 
the  first  published  of  its  kind,  a  book  o: 
some  280  pages,  entitled  '  The  Stamp-Fiends 
Raid,'  by  W.  E.  Imeson,  issued  by  Horace 
Cox,  London,  in  November  last.  The  book, 
a  humorous  skit  in  verse,  marks  a  new 
departure  in  the  literature  of  philately  anc 
kindred  subjects.  G.  C.  W. 

MAJOR-GENERAL  EYRES  (10th  S.  i.  489). — 
George  Bolton  (not  Boulton)  Eyres  appears 
on  pp.  96-7  of  Dodwell  and  Miles's  '  Alpha- 
betical List  of  Officers  of  the  Indian  Army 
from  1760  to  1834 '  (London,  1838).  He  was  a 
"Cadet  in  1761;  Ensign,  24  July,  1763; 
Lieutenant,  1  Sept.,  1763  ;  Captain,  4  Aug., 
1765 ;  Major,  10  Dec.,  1771 ;  Lieut.-Colonel, 
1  Oct.,  1781  ;  Colonel,  30  May,  1786  ;  Major- 
General,  20  Dec.,  1793.  Retired  on  the  pay 
of  his  rank  1796.  Died  Jan.,  1797."  He  was 
an  officer  on  the  Bengal  establishment.  Per- 
haps his  tombstone  at  Bath,  if  traceable, 
would  give  information  as  to  his  birth  and 
parentage  ;  or  the  India  Office  might  be  con- 
sulted in  the  Record  Department,  of  which 
Mr.  Foster  is  the  head.  J.  J.  COTTON. 

8,  Gordon  Place,  Campden  Hill,  W. 

STEP-BROTHER  (10th  S.  i.  329,  395,  475).— As 
there  appears  to  be  much  misconception  as  to 
relationships  by  affinity,  I  venture  to  quote 
from  Stephen's  *  Commentaries  on  the  Laws 
of  England,'  book  iii.  p.  260.  It  is  there  laid 
down  that  the  consanguinei  (or  relations  by 
blood)  of  the  wife  are  always  related  by 
affinity  to  the  husband,  and  the  consanguinei 
of  the  husband  to  the  wife;  but,  on  the  other 
hand,  the  consanguinei  of  the  husband  are 
not  at  all  necessarily  related  to  the  con- 
sanguinei  of  the  wife,  nor  is  the  husband 
related  to  the  affines  (or  relations  by 
marriage)  of  the  wife,  nor  vice  versd.  Hence 
the  widow  and  widower  of  a  deceased  brother 
and  sister  respectively  are  not  related  by 
affinity,  and  as  they  can  lawfully  intermarry, 


it  would  be  highlyVnconvenient,  as  well  as 
incorrect,  to  style  iem  brother-in-law  and 
sister-in-law.  It  wirSy  be  noticed  that  they 
stand  to  one  another  exactly  in  the  same 
position  as  the  late  Cardinal  Manning  stood 
to  the  late  Bishop  Wilberforce  of  Winchester, 
and,  with  due  deference  to  CHESTER  HERALD-, 
it  must  follow  that  those  prelates  were  not 
brothers  by  affinity,  or,  as  it  is  popularly 
called,  brothers-in-law,  by  reason  of  their 
marrying  two  sisters. 

Similarly  the  children  of  a  wife  by  a 
former  husband  are  not  related  by  affinity 
to  the  children  of  her  second  husband  by  a 
former  wife,  and  as  the  one  family  may 
lawfully  intermarry  with  the  other  family, 
they  should  not  even  be  styled  step-brothers 
and  step-sisters,  as,  if  that  term  means 
anything,  it  would  seem  to  imply  an  impedi- 
ment to  marriage.  ARTHUR  F.  ROWE. 

Leatherhead. 

GUNCASTER  (10th  S.  i.  448,  518).— The  pro- 
posal to  identify  Guncaster  with  Godman- 
chester  seems  quite  reasonable,  but  we  have 
not  yet  been  informed  how  such  forms  as 
Gumicastra  arose. 

In  my  paper  on  'The  Place-names  of 
Huntingdonshire,'  printed  for  the  Cambridge 
Antiquarian  Society,  I  have  shown  that  God- 
manchester  derived  its  name  from  a  certain 
Guthmund.  This  explains  all  such  forms 
as  Gumicastra,  Gumicestre,  and  Guncaster 
easily  enough. 

There  is  a  slight  difficulty  in  the  form 
Godmanchester  itself.  This  is  due  to  the 
shifty  nature  of  the  clumsy  symbol  known 
as  the  Anglo-French  short  o.  It  was  used 
for  two  distinct  purposes,  viz.,  to  render  the 
A.-S.  short  o  (as  in  dog)  and  the  A.-S.  short 
u  (as  in  hunig,  now  honey).  In  Godman- 
chester it  originally  meant  the  latter— i.e., 
it  was  meant  for  Gudmanchester,  which  can 
thus  be  readily  understood.  Compare  the 
pronunciations  of  colour  and  love.  The  w 
in  Guth-  was  originally  long,  but  was 
shortened  in  Guthmund  before  thm. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &o. 

Verses,   Translations,   and  Fly  leaves.     By  C.   S. 

Calverley.    (Bell  &  Sons.) 

»ViTH  considerable  knowledge  of  both  literature 

tnd  journalism,  we  are  by  no  means  inclined  to 

ndorse  a  recent  obiter  dictum  that  the  terms  are 

nything    like    interchangeable.      Journalism    has 

>een  called  the  eleventh  muse  ;   but   though,   no 

~oubt,  wealthier  than  her  fair  colleagues,  she  has 

much  to  learn  from  them  in  the  details  of  dress 


.  ii.  JULY  9,  ion.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


and  manners,  if  we  may  pursue  the  figure.  Such 
exercises  as  these  of  an  accomplished  master  of  the 
classical  tongues  it  may  be  the  fashion  to  regard 
as  belonging  to  an  otiose  bypath  unworthy  of  the 
attention  of  a  nation  of  shopkeepers.  But  even  a 
scholarly  audience  is  not  negligible,  as  the  constant 
appearance  of  such  volumes  as  this  proves,  since 
publishers  are  not  idle  philanthropists.  As  a 
matter  of  fact,  the  study  and  imitation  of  the 
classics  have  wider  and  more  popular  issues.  Such 
study  is  not 

Harsh  and  crabbed  as  dull  fools  suppose ; 
rather  it  gives  pliancy  and  grace  to  the  English 
style  of  its  adherents.  The  admirable  light  verse 
of  Punch  is  due  to  Mr.  Seaman,  a  former  Person 
Scholar  at  Cambridge ;  and  the  only  other  writer 
who  ranks  with  him  in  the  same  style  is  Mr. 
Godley,  an  Oxford  don  and  teacher.  One  need  not 
be  academic  to  enjoy  their  wit,  but  we  think  it  was 
their  training  which  gave  their  wit  the  supple  form 
and  grace  which  please  everybody. 

Calverley  appealed,  perhaps,  to  more  learned 
times  than  ours,  and  his  delightful  work  may  not  be 
so  attuned  to  the  popular  ear  as  that  of  the  two 
writers  just  mentioned  ;  but  we  shall  be  surprised 
if  in  this  form  he  is  not  widely  appreciated  even 
to-day.  The  little  book  before  us  is  bound  in 
leather,  and  made  to  go  inside  a  practical  every- 
day pocket-book.  By  itself  it  may  be  slipped  into 
the  slenderest  of  pockets  for  the  delight  of  a  casual 
hour,  or  interchanged  with  the  Horace  and  '  In 
Memoriam '  provided  by  the  publishers  for  the 
same  purpose.  The  type  is  clear,  though  small, 
and  there  are  no  signs  of  the  crowded  margins 
which  disfigure  some  dainty  trifles  of  the  sort. 

The  *  Fly-leaves,'  to  take  the  last  section  first,  it 
would  be  impertinent  to  praise.  They  include 
some  admirable  parodies  and  a  full  display  of  that 
final  short  line  which  Calverley  used  so  admirably 
as  a  source  of  point,  humour,  and  surprise. 

The  '  Verses '  and    '  Translations '    contain    the 
famous  '  Ode  to  Tobacco  '  and  the  neat  compendium 
of  the  average  undergraduate,  "Hie  Vir,  hie  est." 
The  '  Lines  to  Mrs.  Goodchild '  contain  a  reference 
to  our  staff  which  is  probably  unique  in  verse  :— 
No  doubt  the  Editor  of  JVbte-s  and  Queries 
Or  things  "not  generally  known"  could  tell 
The  word's  real  force. 

Some  of  the  pieces  make  fun  of  obsolete  or  obso- 
lescent originals,  such  as  Tapper's  '  Proverbial 
Philosophy,  before  which  we  no  longer  prostrate 
ourselves ;  others  approach  the  dignity  of  history. 
In  the  '  Classical  Translations  '  we  find,  for  once, 
some  renderings  of  Horace  which  we  take,  after 
much  suffering  among  many  perversions,  to  suggest 
the  grace  and  lightness  of  their  original.  Chief 
among  the  translations  into  Latin  is  '  Lycidas,'  of 
which  we  are  given  the  English  text.  Those,  there- 
fore, who  cannot  appreciate  the  extraordinary  close- 
ness of  Calverley's  version  should  be  able  to  rejoice  in 
a  poem  which  is  a  touchstone  of  taste  in  English. 
Modern  makers  of  Latin  verse  would,  we  think, 
be  more  particular  than  Calverley  about  some 
words  and  usages,  but  we  doubt  if  this  merit  of 
following  virtually  one  writer  as  a  model  has  not 
been  overpraised.  Verse-making  is  a  pastime  and 
a  possession  for  ever,  as  well  as  the  rhetorical 
triumph  of  an  hour  in  examinations.  And  so  we 
end  with  our  sincerest  thanks  to  Messrs.  Bell  for 
this  delightful  issue  of  Calverley.  For  ourselves, 
whether  his  work  be  adjudged  to  lie  on  the  high- 


way of  letters,  or  a  secluded  bypath,  with  no 
attractions  for  men  of  the  world,  we  shall  assuredly 
cherish  it.  For  us  this  master  of  graceful  wit  and 
scholarship  is,  to  use  the  Transatlantic  idiom,  dis- 
tinctly "worth  while." 

Great  Masters.    Parts  XVII.  and  XVIII.    (Heine- 

mann.) 

Two  further  parts  of  the  best  and  most  attractive 
of  modern  art  publications  bring  it  within  measur- 
able distance  of  completion,  and  set  the  fortunate 
possessor  speculating  in  what  way  he  shall  bind  the 
treasures  it  contains.  Three  volumes  will  about 
comprise  the  whole  of  the  plates  in  a  form  not  too- 
bulky  for  use,  and,  what  is  synonymous,  delight. 
The  first  design  in  part  xvii.  consists  of  'The 
Regents  of  the  Leprosy  Hospital'  of  Ferdinand 
Bol,  a  Corporation  piece  painted  in  1049,  in  the 
artist's  best  period,  and  now  hanging  in  the  burgo- 
master's room  in  the  Town  Hall,  Amsterdam,  where 
it  is  but  rarely  seen  by  travellers,  and  was  certainly 
missed  by  ourselves.  The  execution  is  very  fine 
and  delicate,  and  the  reproduction  is  excellent. 
From  the  Rijksmuseum,  Amsterdam,  comes  another 
Dutch  masterpiece  in  'A  WatermiU'  of  Hobbema, 
one  of  several  views  of  the  same  spot  executed  by 
the  artist.  'The  Dead  Christ  Mourned'  of  Anni- 
bale  Carracci  was  originally  in  the  Orleans  Gallery,. 
and  is  now  in  that  of  the  Earl  of  Carlisle.  Its 
appearance  in  'Great  Masters'  furnishes  occasion- 
for  some  judicious  observations  by  the  editor  upon 
the  work  of  the  Carracci.  The  Sloane  Museum 
supplies  Hogarth's  'Election  Entertainment,'  the 
"  matchless,  as  it  is  caljed  by  Charles  Lamb.  It 
is  a  fearfully  gruesome  satire,  almost  terrible  enough 
for  Swift.  We  must  not,  however,  be  led  into  a 
dissertation  on  the  relentlessness  of  Hogarth.  Rem- 
brandt's 'Man  in  Armour'  in  part  xviii.  comes- 
from  the  Glasgow  Corporation  Gallery,  having  once- 
belonged  to  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds.  The  editor  is 
highly  enthusiastic  concerning  it,  speaking  of  the 
"  glorious  thrill  "  that  it  causes  to  one  who  beholds 
it.  The  wonderful  helmet  belonged,  it  is  suggested,, 
to  "  Mars's  armour  forged  for  proof  eterne.  '  From 
the  Louvre  comes  'The  Concert'  of  Giorgione, 
justly  pronounced  lovely.  To  the  attempt  to  trans- 
fer the  authorship  to  Campagnola  little  attention 
is  paid.  By  whomever  it  is  executed,  the  work  is 
transcendent.  Van  Eyck's  '  Portrait  ot  John  Arnol- 
fini  and  his  Wife'  begets  still  higher  raptures. 
One  might,  indeed,  write  endlessly  concerning  the* 
details  of  an  epoch-marking  work.  Last  comes, 
from  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  the  portrait  of 
the  four-year-old  Duke  of  Gloucester,  said  to  be 
perhaps  the  best  of  all  Reynolds's  delightful 
pictures  of  children.  It  was  executed  in  1780. 


The  Man  of  Law's  Tale  ;  The  .V//  //'.-•  /'/vV.rf'«  Tale  ,- 
The  Squire's  Tale.  By  Geoffrey  Chaucer.  Done 
into  Modern  English  by  the  Rev.  Prof  W.  W. 
Skeat.  2vols.  (De  La  More  Press.) 
ATTEMPTS  to  modernize  Chaucer  have  been  more- 
than  once  made  by  genuine  poets.  Of  these  that 
of  Prof.  Skeat  is  the  best  as  well  as  most  recent. 
No  scholar  alive  knows  so  much  of  Chaucer  as- 
does  Prof.  Skeat,  and  his  versions  of  stories  from 
'  The  Canterbury  Tales  '  form,  for  those  who  are 
unable  to  read  the  original,  the  best  conceivable 
introduction  to  the  great  poet.  The  transla- 
tions have  a  pleasant  suggestion  of  antiquity, 
and  are  admirably  executed:  in  all  respects.  Two 
volumes  have  already  appeared,  and  it  is  to  be 


40 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  n.  JULY  9,  MM. 


hcroed  and  expected  that  the  same  accomplished 
writer  will  in  time  give  us  in  similar  renderings 
the  entire  poetical  portion  of  'Ihe  Canterbury 
Tales  '  and  perhaps  some  other  works  of  the  poet. 
Introductions  and  notes  constitute  notable  features. 

THE  Burlington  Magazine  opens  with  a  finely 
•executed  miniature  by  Hans  Holbein,  a  portrait  of 
a  lady  erroneously  described— as  Mr.  Richard  R. 
Holmes  shows— as  Frances  Howard,  Duchess  of 
Norfolk.  A  series  of  well-known  masterpieces  by 
Velasquez  follows.  These  portraits  of  Spanish  queens 
and  royal  ladies  are  from  the  Vienna  Gallery.  Mr. 
Lionel  Oust  is  responsible  for  an  article  accom- 
panying the  pictures  from  the  collection  of  Prince 
Albert.  ,A  condemnation  follows  of  the  system  of 
•collecting  which  raises  a  second-rate  Watteau  to  an 
equality  with  a  superb  Rembrandt,  and  a  Houdon 
or  a  Pigalle  to  the  height  of  a  Michaelangelo  or 
a  Verrocchio.  '  The  Exhibition  of  French  Primi- 
tives '  is  concluded.  In  the  editorial  matter  appears 
an  accurate  statement  that  "  there  is  no  civilized 

country in  Europe  where  a  man  who  knows  or 

thinks  too  much,  or  who  has  any  higher  standard 
than  the  man  in  the  street,  is  so  generally  suspected 
and  overlooked." 

To  the  Fortnightly  Mr.  Beerbohm  Tree  contri- 
butes '  The  Humanity  of  Shakespeare,'  an  address 
delivered  to  the  students  of  his  newly  formed 
School  of  Acting.  The  subject  is  inexhaustible. 
What  is  said  is,  to  some  extent,  unconscious  auto- 
biography, and  it  would  be  easy  to  anticipate  the 
actor's  intentions  from  his  comments.  Shylock  is 
the  character,  unacted  as  yet  by  Mr.  Tree,  which 
is  dealt  with  at  most  length,  and  enough  is  said 
•concerning  it  to  show  that  when  he  is  presented 
the  Jew  will  be  as  unlike  that  of  Sir  Henry  Irving 
as  that  of  Macklin.  Alexander  Bain  is  discussed 
under  the  title  of  'The  Last  of  the  "English 
School"  of  Philosophers.'  He  is  thus,  though  a 
Scotsman,  separated  from  Dugald  Stewart  and 
others  of  what  was  once  called  "the  Scottish 
School"  of  philosophy.  'Michail  Ivanovitch 
Glinka'  deals  with  a  man  about  whom  the 
general  public  knows  little.  'Temporary  Power,' 
by  Mrs.  John  Lane,  is  an  amusing  sermon  on 
Shakespeare's  text,  "Dressed  in  a  little  brief 
authority." — Lady  Currie  writes,  in  the  Nineteenth 
Century  i  concerning  some  of  the  '  Enfants  Trouves ' 
of  literature,  and  in  so  doing  deals  with  many 
things  disparate  and  incongruous.  She  quotes  from 
one  of  her  strayed  children  the  marvellous  lines 
•descriptive  of  female  beauty — 

And  like  the  Grecian  fair  one,  down  her  face 
In  a  straight  line  her  scenting  organ  sped. 
The  italics  are  ours  as  well  as  hers.  She  deprecates 
the  wrath  of  Mr.  George  Moore,  deals  with  the 
*  Ballad  of  Reading  Gaol,'  and  refers  to  les  petits 
pieds  of  the  Regent  of  Orleans.  The  copy  of  these 
same  little  feet  seems  taken  from  the  edition  of 
1757,  and  not  that  of  1718,  in  which  case  they  are 
not  those  known  as  designed  for  the  Regent.  An 
interesting  account  is  given  of  'The  Women  of 
Korea.'  Dr.  William  Ewart  suggests  the  use  of 
medicated  air  for  curative  purposes.  Mrs.  Higgs 
writes  on  'Tramps  and  Wanderers.'— A  full  and 
well-illustrated  account  of  Hever  Castle,  the  home 
of  Anne  Bpleyn,  is  supplied  to  the  Pall  Mall 
by  Miss  Olive  Sebright.  A  life  of  Sir  Edward 
Monson,  our  ambassador  at  Paris,  follows.  Mrs. 
George  Corn  wallis- West  describes  'A  Journey  in 


Japan.'  The  opportunities  for  observation  enjoyed 
by  the  writer  do  not  appear  to  have  been  special. 
*  Sunlight  and  Movement  in  Art '  is  well  illustrated. 
No.  v.  of  Mr.  Moore's  '  Avowals '  deals  with  Kipling 
and  Loti. — Mr.  Sidney  Low  sends  to  the  Cornhill  an 
admirable  appreciation  of  Henry  Morton  Stanley. 
After  disappearing  for  some  time,  "  The  Blackstick 
Papers"  of  Mrs.  Richmond  Ritchie  are  renewed, 
the  present  instalment  (No.  9)  dealing  principally 
with  pictures.  Under  the  heading  'Historic 
Mysteries'  Mr.  Lang  tells  again  the  story  of  the 
Cardinal's  necklace.  '  The  First  Englishman  in 
Japan '  was  William  Adams,  for  whom  see  the 
'D.N.B.'  No.  1  of  'Household  Budgets  Abroad' 
deals  with  the  cost  of  living  in  Germany.  We  find 
the  anticipated  conclusion  that  life  among  the 
middle  classes  in  Germany  "is  cheaper  because  it 
is  simpler."  An  account  is  given  of  '  The  Arctic 
Railway.' — 'Eight  Captains  of  their  Fate,'  in  the 
Gentleman's,  is  the  account  of  sufferings  in  Arctic 
seas  in  1631.  An  interesting  criticism  is  given  of 
the  new  cathedral  at  Westminster.  A  strange  story 
is  told  concerning  Princess  Charlotte.  The  history 
of  Antoine  de  Guiscard,  more  generally  known  as 
the  Abbe  de  la  Bourlie,  is  narrated  at  considerable 
length. — Mr.  Charles  L.  Eastlake  writes,  in  Long- 
man's, on  '  The  Misrule  of  Material  London,'  and 
complains  of  many  abuses  it  is  now  vainly,  as  it 
appears,  sought  to  remedy.  '"Chopping''  on  the 
Old  Calabar  River '  describes  a  strange  and  not 
very  conceivable  state  of  affairs.  Mr.  Lang,  in 
'At  the  Sign  of  the  Ship,'  deals  with  the  disease 
called  "Omaritis,"  which  rages  worse  in  America 
even  than  in  England,  and  explains  the  cause  of 
its  existence. 


fjtoikea  lor 

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With  Introduction  by  JOSEPH  KNIGHT,  F.S.  A. 

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K  I  N  G'S 

CLASSICAL    AND    FOREIGN 

QUOTATIONS. 

READY    ON    JULY    14. 

We  have  to  announce  a  new  edition  of  this  Dictionary.  It  first  appeared  at  the  end  of 
'87,  and  was  quickly  disposed  of.  A  larger  (and  corrected)  issue  came  out  in  the  spring  of 
1839,  and  is  now  out  of  print.  The  Third,  now  about  to  be  published,  contains  a  large 
accession  of  important  matter,  in  the  way  of  celebrated  historical  and  literary  sayings  and 
mots,  much  wanted  to  bring  the  Dictionary  to  a  more  complete  form,  and  now  appearing  in 
its  pages  for  the  first  time.  On  the  other  hand,  the  pruning  knife  has  been  freely  used,  and 
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book  has,  in  short,  been  not  only  revised,  but  rewritten  throughout,  and  is  not  so  much  a  new 
edition  as  a  new  work.  It  will  be  seen  also  that  the  quotations  are  much  more  "  racontes " 
than  before,  and  that  where  any  history,  story,  or  allusion  attaches  to  any  particular  saying, 
the  opportunity  for  telling  the  tale  has  not  been  thrown  away.  In  this  way  what  is  primarily 
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previous  editions  professed  to  give  not  only  the  quotation,  but  its  reference;  and,  although 
performance  fell  very  far  short  of  promise,  it  was  at  that  time  the  only  dictionary  of  the  kind 
published  in  this  country  that  had  been  compiled  with  that  definite  aim  in  view.  In  the 
present  case  no  citation — with  the  exception  of  such  unaffiliated  things  as  proverbs,  maxims, 
and  mottoes — has  been  admitted  without  its  author  and  passage,  or  the  "  chapter  and  verse" 
in  which  it  may  be  found,  or  on  which  it  is  founded.  In  order,  however,  not  to  lose 
altogether,  for  want  of  identification,  a  number  of  otherwise  deserving  sayings,  an  appendix 
of  Adespota  is  supplied,  consisting  of  quotations  which  either  the  editor  has  failed  to  trace  to 
their  source,  or  the  paternity  of  which  has  not  been  satisfactorily  proved.  There  are  four 
indexes — Authors  and  authorities,  Subject  index,  Quotation  index,  and  index  of  Greek 
passages.  Its  deficiencies  notwithstanding,  *  Classical  and  Foreign  Quotations '  has  so  far 
remained  without  a  rival  as  a  polyglot  manual  of  the  world's  famous  sayings  in  one  pair  of 
covers  and  of  moderate  dimensions,  and  its  greatly  improved  qualities  should  confirm  it  still 
more  firmly  in  public  use  and  estimation. 

KI  N  G'S 

CLASSICAL    AND    FOREIGN 

QUOTATIONS. 

London :  J.  WHITAKBR  &  SONS,  LTD.,  12,  Warwick  Lane,  E.G. 


.  ii.  JULY  16, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


41 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  JULY  16,  1901.. 


CONTENTS.-No.  29. 

NOTES  :— Recovery  of  an  Anglo-Norman  Chronicle,  41  — 
Letters  of  Cowper,  42— Gaelic  Inscriptions  in  Man,  44— 
Winchester  College  Visitation,  1559— Scott's  Music  Master 
—"Paraphernalia"— Bailiff  of  Eagle— Miuquash  — '  God 
save  the  King,'  46  —  Kockall  —  Final  " -ed  "  — Poetical 
Curiosity— lona  Cathedral,  47. 

QUERIES  :— Hertford  County  Biography— Thomas  Button, 
47— Sir  Gilbert  Blliot's  Death— "A  shoulder  of  mutton 
brought  home  from  France"— "Tropenwut"  :  "Tropen- 
koller  "  —  Hewett  Family  —  Adam  Zad  —  Skeletons  at 
Funerals,  48  —  Morland's  Grave  —  Dickensian  London— 
Bronke  Family— S.  Howitt,  Painter— Authors  of  Quota- 
tions Wanted— Trooping  the  Colours— Sir  Hugo  Meignell, 
49— Publishers'  Catalogues— Gordon  Epitaph— Obb  Wig- 
Silver  Bouquet- Holder— Byron  :  Biron,  50. 

REPLIES  :— Pamela  :  Pamela,  50  — Premier  Grenadier  of 
France,  52— Mark  Hildesley,  53— Late  Intellectual  Harvest 
— Flesh  and  Shamble  Meats  —  Mr.  Janes,  of  Aberdeen- 
shire,  54— The  Vaghnatch— Byroniana— "Sal  et  saliva  "— 
Daughters  of  James  I.  of  Scotland,  55— Walney  Island 
Names  —  Copernicus  and  the  Planet  Mercury  —  Alake— 
Prescriptions— "  Among  others,"  56— Antwerp  Cathedral 
—King  John's  Charters—'  Wilhelm  Meister'— "  Humanum 
est  errare"  —  Hugo's  'Les  Abeilles  Imperiales' — Biblio- 
graphy of  Epitaphs— May  Monument,  57— Thomas  Neale  : 
"Herberley" — Topography  of  Ancient  London  —  Gabo- 
riau's  'Marquis  d'AngivaV— Lancashire  Toast,  58— Fair 
Maid  of  Kent,  59. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS:-' A  Later  Pepys '- Farmer  and 
Henley's  '  Slang  and  its  Analogues ' — Morris's  '  Defence 
of  Guenevere,'  edited  by  Steele— Britten's  'Old  Clocks 
and  Watches '  —  Lindley's  '  Tourist-Guide  to  the  Con- 
tinent '— Cresswell's  'Quantock  Hills.' 

Death  of  Mr.  B.  Harris  Cowper. 
Notices  to  Correspondents. 


gates. 

RECOVERY  OF  AN  ANGLO-NORMAN 
CHRONICLE. 

STUDENTS  of  English  mediaeval  history  are 
acquainted  with  the  name  of  William 
Packington  as  that  of  the  author  of  some 
works  of  contemporary  history,  the  loss  of 
which  has  often  been  a  matter  of  complaint 
by  historians,  in  consequence  of  there  being 
a  dearth  of  original  chronicles  for  a  con- 
siderable part  of  the  period  comprehending 
the  reigns  of  the  three  Edwards.  Modern 
writers  have  been  content  to  adopt  the  facts 
collected  by  compilers  of  the  sixteenth  cen- 
tury which  are  not  authorized  by  the  exist- 
ence of  their  sources. 

Some  knowledge  of  one  of  these  original 
chronicles  has  come  down  to  us  by  the  zeal 
of  England's  first  great  antiquary,  John 
Leland.  Amongst  the  treasures  of  history 
saved  by  him  in  the  pages  of  his '  Collectanea,' 
we  find  the  following  entry: — 

"  Wylliam  de  Packington,  Clerk  and  Tresurer  of 
Prince  Kdwardes,  Sunne  to  Edwarde  the  III., 
Household  yn  (iascoyne,  did  wryte  a  Croniaue  yn 
t'rcnche,  from  the  IX  yere  of  King  John  or  Eng- 
londe  on  to  his  tyme,  and  dedicated  it  to  his  Lord 
Prince  Edwarde.  Owte  of  an  Epitome  in  French 


of  this  afore  sayde  Cronique  I  translated  carptim 
thes  thinges  that  folow  yn  to  Englische." 

The  extracts  from  this  Epitome  cover  fifteen 
pages,  and  have  been  always  regarded  as  of 
mportant  historical  value.  We  do  not  know 
whether  Leland  ever  saw  the  whole  original 

hronicle  himself,  but  other  writers  of  the 
sixteenth  century  were  acquainted  with  it. 
I  have  been  fortunate  enough  to  recover  a  copy 
of  the  above-named  Epitome  whilst  occupied 
with  studies  about  the  Anglo-Norman  prose 
chronicle  of  4  Brute.'  MS.  Cotton  Tiberius 
A  vi.  has  generally  been  believed  to  repre- 
sent a  version  of  the  latter,  but  only  with 
partial  accuracy.  Indeed,  from  its  beginning 
in  1042  down  to  the  death  of  Henry  III.,  the 
text  agrees  as  a  whole  with  the  usual  text  of 
the  *  Brute,'  but  after  that  date  the  course 
of  the  narrative  suddenly  goes  back  to  the 
coronation  of  King  John,  whence  it  proceeds 
on  to  the  reign  of  Edward  III.,  where  it 
breaks  off  in  1346.  This  second  part  of  the 
MS.,  joined  to  the  first  without  any  outward 
sign  of  a  new  beginning,  represents  from  the 
ninth  year  of  John  until  the  end  an  entirely 
new  chronicle,  the  lost  Epitome  from  Packing- 
ton,  for  all  the  pieces  preserved  by  Leland 
can  be  verbally  traced  in  it. 

That  we  have  here  the  Epitome,  and  not 
the  original  chronicle,  can  be  guessed  by  its 
irregular  character,  the  notes  being  in  some 
parts  very  extensive  and  in  others  very 
meagre.  There  is  yet  another  circumstance 
which  renders  it  certain.  Sir  E.  M.  Thomp- 
son, in  his  edition  of  the  '  Chronicon  Galfridi 
le  Baker  de  Swynebroke,'  was  the  first  to 
suppose  that  some  parts  of  a  later  version  of 
the 'Brute'  show  a  connexion  with  the  lost 
Chronicle  of  Packington.  Indubitably  the 
part  comprehending  the  years  1307-33  is  in- 
debted to  him.  We  can  see  now  that  it  is 
taken  from  the  original  Chronicle,  because  it 
is  much  fuller  than  the  corresponding  part 
in  the  Epitome,  though  agreeing  in  substance. 
I  hope  shortly  to  be  able  to  say  something 
definite  about  the  historical  value  of  the 
Epitome  ;  for  the  present  I  shall  only  remark 
that  it  is  rather  condensed  during  the  reign 
of  John,  but  gradually  becomes  fuller  during 
the  reigns  of  Henry  III.  and  Edward  I.,  very 
full  during  the  reign  of  Edward  II.,  and 
then  very  short  again  during  the  first  part 
of  Edward  III.'s  reign  down  to  1339.  The 
rest,  including  the  years  between  1339  and 
1346,  becomes  comprehensive  again,  through 
the  insertion  of  a  number  of  documents — 
letters  from  and  to  Edward  III.  —  which 
letters,  however,  are  to  be  found  in  Avesbury, 

the  continuation  of  Higden  (Harl.  566),  or  in 

Rymer's  '  Fcedera.'  F.  W.  D.  BRIE. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      po*  s.  IL  JULY  ie, 


LETTERS  OF  WILLIAM  COWPER. 
(See  ante,  p.  1.) 

ON  pp.  157-60  we  find:— "Letter  of  Wm. 
Cowper  to  the  Park,*  having  never  wrote  to 
himt  since  his{  illness  and  recovery." 

Letter  from  Huntingdon,  18  October,  1765, 
printed  in  Wright,  i.  51,  52.  P.  51,  1.  16  from 
foot,  "but  I  am  no  such  monster " omitted  by 
mistake  in  MS.  L.  8  from  foot,  "  could,"  MS. 
"would."  L.  3  from  foot,  "might,"  MS. 
"would."  P.  52,  1.  4,  "have,"  MS.  "who 
have."  L.  7,  "  those,"  om.  MS.  L.  10,  "  all," 
om.  MS.  L.  15,  "  to  do  so,"  MS.  "so  to  do." 
L.  16,  "  of  intercourse,"  om.  MS.  L.  4  from 
foot,  "as,"  MS.  "which."  At  end  of  letter 
MS.  adds"  Wm  Cowper." 

Of  the  quarto  commonplace-books  of  Cow- 
per's  cousin, 'Maria  Frances  Cecilia,  nee  Madan, 
wife  of  Major  William  Cowper,  I  have  access 
at  present  to  vols.  iii.  to  v.,  bound  in  vellum. 
On  p. 33  we  read:  "Let.  11th  Continuation  of 
a  series  of  letters  from  Mr.  W.  C.  to  myself 
and  others  (see  back  my  2'1  v.  common  place)." 
Not  dated  here,  and  not  complete  (Wright,  i. 
94,  95,  Huntingdon,  July  13, 1767).  P.  94,  1.  5 
from  foot,  "fracture,"  MS.  "  wound"  in  text, 
"fracture"  in  margin.  P.  95,  1.  2,  "home," 
MS.  "  the  house."  P.  95, 11.  7-11,  "  The  effect 

to  a  son,"  om.  MS.  L.  14,  "  us,"  MS.  "  me." 

L.  17  seq.j  "We. ..we. ..we. ..we.. .us. ..us,"  MS. 
"I...L. .I...L. .me.. .me."  What  follows  after 

"  rest  for  us  "  from  "  We  have  employed 

family,"  om.  MS.  For  "and  am,  my,"  MS. 
"I  remain." 

Pp.  34-6  :— 

Letter  12. 

DEAR  COUSIN, — Your  letter  brought  me  the  first 

news  of  — 's  success  at  H .    I  heartily  wish  that 

all  the  members  of  a  certain  august  assembly,  were 
equally  worthy  of  their  office,  and  the  confidence 
reposed  in  them :  which  will  be  the  case,  when  they 
are  all  nominated  and  chosen  in  the  same  dis- 
interested manner  ;  and  of  mere  respect  to  their 
honour  and  integrity,  and  never  before. 

I  was  never  much  skilled  in  politics,  and  am  now 
less  versed  in  them  than  ever  ;§  but  this  I  know  : 
that  when  I  see  a  great  building  full  of  cracks, 
weather-beaten  and  mouldering  apace,  and  much 
declined  from  the  perpendicular,  the  downfal  of 
that  house  is  not  far  distant ;  unless  it  is  set  right 
again  by  an  extraordinary  repair.  This  is  too  much 
the  case,  I  am  afraid,  with  our  poor  country  !  I  am 
neither  a  prophet,  nor  the  son  of  a  prophet,  but  I 
know  that  the  natural  tendency  of  iniquity  is  to 
ruin  ;  and  every  kingdom  that  has  fallen  in  pieces, 
in  the  past  ages  of  the  world,  gives  testimony  to 
the  truth  of  the  assertion.  May  God  raise  up  many 
to  intercede  with  Him,  on  behalf  of  a  sinful  land  ; 
for  I  am  sure  if  the  prayers  of  His  own  people,  those 

*  Park  House,  near  Hertford. 

t  To  Major  Cowper,  his  cousin. 

t  William  Cowper's. 

§  "  At  this  time  a  great  bustle  about  Wilks." 


that  love  and  fear  Him,  do  not  prevail  for  a  blessing, 
not  all  the  contrivances  of  the  wisest  heads  amongst 
us,  will  be  able  to  divert  the  storm  that  threatens  us. 

My  dear  cousin,  how  happy  are  they  who  have 
been  taught  of  God,  that  this  is  not  their  rest,  that 
here  they  have  no  continuing  city !  who  can  look 
from  this  mass  of  perishing  things,  to  a  city  which 
hath  foundations,  whose  builder  and  maker  is  God  I 
whose  hearts  glow,  with  a  comfortable  hope,  that 
amongst  those  many  mansions  which  Jesus  tells  us, 
are  in  His  Father's  house,  there  is  one  reserved  for 
them ;  where  no  fear  of  dissolution  and  ruin  shall 
ever  find  them  out,  where  nothing  shall  enter  that 
can  defile  them,  consequently  nothing  that  can 
grieve  them,  and  of  which  Jesus  Himself,  the  un- 
changeable and  everlasting  Saviour,  is  the  chief 
corner  stone !  Blessed  are  we  indeed,  if  God  has 
given  us  this  precious  hope,  through  faith  in  His 
Son's  name,  this  hope  that  purifies  the  soul,  even  as 
He  is  pure,  makes  all  sin  hateful,  and  all  that  is 
holy,  and  according  to  the  will  of  God,  lovely  and 
desirable  in  our  eyes,  and  is  day  by  day  bringing  us 
to  a  greater  meetness  for  an  inheritance  among  the 
saints  in  light. 

May  you,  and  I,  and  all  dear  to  us,  be  made  in- 
timately acquainted  with  the  things  that  belong  to 
our  peace  !  have  more  and  more  experience  of  the 
transforming  power  of  the  grace  of  Christ,  and 
follow  Him,  through  this  poor  fleeting  world,  that 
we  may  rejoice  in  Him  forever,  and  reign  with  Him. 
in  His 'own  heavenly  kingdom. 

Yours  etc.  etc. 

O— y  (Olney),  April  15,  1768. 

Pp.  36-9  :— 

This  letter  bears  date  H— n— n  (Huntingdon), 
June  4,  1767. 

Letter  1. 
To  Mrs.  M[adan]. 

MY  DEAR  AUNT, — When  I  might  have  enjoyed 
your  company  as  often  as  I  pleased,  not  being  fit 
for  it,  I  declined  it,  and  now  that  I  should  rejoice 
to  see  you,  my  Heavenly  Father  having  in  His  great 
mercy  in  some  measure  qualified  me  for  the  society 
of  them  that  believe,  I  have  it  not  in  my  power  to 
converse  with  you  in  person.  This,  which  I  dare 
not  call  my  misfortune,  because  it  is  the  dispen- 
sation of  His  will  who  hath  called  me,  I  must  make 
my  excuse  for  writing  to  you,  and  doubt  not,  but 
you  will  admit  it  as  a  sufficient  one  ;  for  I  know 
you  will  not  be  sorry  to  hear  from  a  person,  not 
only  nearly  allied  to  you  by  blood,  for  that  is  little, 
but  now  more  closely  united  to  you,  I  trust,  by  the 
unspeakable  gift  of  God,  in  the  same  spirit.  I 
never  recollect  the  kindness  of  your  behaviour  to 
me,  when  we  met,  notwithstanding  all  my  apparent 
neglect  of  you,  without  seeing  in  it  an  instance  of 
that  meek  and  forgiving  temper,  which  the  Lord 
has  been  pleased  to  work  in  all  those,  who  believe 
in  the  name  of  Jesus.  I  beg  your  pardon  for  my 
strange  behaviour,  my  dear  aunt,  and  can  venture 
to  assure  you,  without  danger  of  dissimulation, 
that,  were  it  in  my  power  to  give  proof  of  the 
change  I  have  undergone  in  this  respect  also,  that 

froof  should  not  be  wanting.  Alas  !  How  could 
truly  love  a  disciple  of  the  Lord,  while  I  was  at 
enmity  with  her  Master?  How  was  it  possible, 
that  one  of  the  dear  children  of  God,  should  find 
a  place  in  my  unrenewed,  unsanctified  heart?  I 
would  not,  neither  need  I,  represent  myself  as  worse 
than  I  was  !  I  always  respected  you,  but  it  was 


10-"  s.  ii.  JCLY  16,  i9M.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


43 


with  a  respect  painful  to  myself.  I  had  eyes  to  see 
the  holiness  and  beauty  of  a  Christian  character,* 
but  neither  a  will  to  imitate  it,  nor  a  heart  to  be 
pleased  with  it.  The  light  of  the  Father  of  lights, 
shining  in  His  elect  people,  is  too  much  for  the 
feeble  sight  of  a  child  of  wrath,  whose  delight  is 
to  walk  in  darkness.  Blessed  be  the  God  of  my 
salvation,  who  in  His  due  time,  and  in  His  own 
appointed  way,  has  enabled  me  to  love  the  brethren, 
and  hereby  given  me  evidence  of  my  adoption  into 
His  blessed  family  !  I  doubt  not  you  know  the 

Particulars  of  my  story,  how  it  pleased  the  Lord  to 
5ad  me  through  the  waters,  and  they  did  not  over- 
whelm me ;  through  the  fire,  and  it  did  not  con- 
sume me  ;  and  why  not?  Because  the  blood  of  the 
Lamb  was  mercifully  interposed  between  me,  and 
that  wrath,  from  which  the  whole  creation  of  God 
would  not  have  screened  me  for  a  moment.  Oh  ! 
that  I  retained  my  first  love,  that  it  were  with  me, 
as  when  I  first  came  forth  from  the  furnace  :f  when 
the  name  of  Jesus  was  like  honey  and  milk  upon 
my  tongue,  and  the  very  sound  of  it,  was  sufficient 
to  quicken  and  comfort  me.  But  1  am  still  what  I 
ever  was,  a  chief  sinner,  and  shall  be  so,  while  I 
inhabit  a  body  of  death ;  an  ungrateful,  unthankful, 
wrath -pro  voicing  sinner.  But  there  is  abundance 
of  grace,  and  of  the  gift  of  righteousness,  for  all 
who  are  content  to  be  saved  as  such.  Wherefore  I 
pray  that  I  may  be  saved  as  the  worst  of  the  Lord's 
people,  as  indeed  I  believe  I  am. 

My  dear  aunt,  may  the  Spirit  of  Christ,  dwelling 
in  your  heart,  continually  testify  His  residence  there, 
by  His  comforting  and  peaceful  influences,  till  at 
length  He  shall  fill  you  for  ever  with  joy  unspeak- 
able and  full  of  glory.  Yours  ever  etc. 

Pp.  39-41  :— 

H— t— n  (Huntingdon),  July  10,  1767. 
Letter  2. 

MY  DEAR  AUNT  M[ADAX],— We  have  lost  Mr. 
U[nwin]t  by  a  very  awful  and  afflictive  dispen- 
sation. As  he  was  riding  to  his  cure  last  Sunday 
morning,  his  horse  took  fright,  ran  away  with  him 
homeward,  and,  in  a  village  about  a  mile  off,  he 
was  flung  to  the  ground  with  such  violence,  that 
his  scull  was  fractured  in  the  most  desperate 
manner.  He  lived  about  four  days,  contrary  to 
the  expectation  of  the  surgeons,  who,  at  the  first 
sight  of  him,  pronounced  him  within  a  few  hours 
of  death  ;  but  we  trust  there  was  hope  in  his  latter 
end.  His  senses  seemed  to  be  restored  to  him  at 
short  intervals,  not  only  for  his  own  benefit,  but 
for  the  comfort  and  satisfaction  of  his  friends  ;  for 
at  those  times  he  was  enabled  to  utter  truths  which 
before,  he  could  never  be  brought  to  the  belief  of. 
He  was  one  of  those  many  poor  deluded  persons, 
whom  Dr.  Clark§  has  infected  with  his  Anti- 


"  The  case  of  too  many  ! " 

t  Compare  '  Olney  Hymns,'  No.  1,  verses  2  and  3 : 
Where  is  the  blessedness  I  knew 

When  first  I  saw  the  Lord? 
Where  is  the  soul-refreshing  view 

( )f  Jesus  and  His  word  ? 
What  peaceful  hours  I  once  enjoyed  ! 

How  sweet  their  memory  still  ! 
But  they  have  left  an  aching  void 

The  world  can  never  till. 

J  Morley  Umvin,  father  of  William  Cawthorne 
I'mvin,  and  hushand  of  Cowper's  Mary. 
§  Dr.  Samuel  Clarke. 


Christian  errors,  and  consequently  denied  the- 
Divinity  of  our  Lord,  and  the  infinite  merit  of  His 
sufferings.*  But  upon  his  death-bed  he  was  heard 
to  say  :  "Jesus  Christ  is  God,  and  therefore  He  can 
save  men."  Those  words  were  frequently  in  hi* 
mouth:  "very  God  of  very  God'7  and  "Jesus 
Christ  died  for  us  "  :  so  that  he  seemed  to  be  plead- 
ing these  foundation  truths  against  the  charges  of 
the  adversary,  and  an  accusing  conscience.  Surely 
then,  we  do  not  vainly  flatter  ourselves,  when 
we  hope  that  the  Lord,  though  He  was  pleased 
to  take  a  dreadful  course  with  him,  yet  sealed 
him  effectually  for  His  own.  By  this  means  a 
door  is  opened  to  us  to  seek  an  abode  under 
the  sound  of  the  Gospel.  Mrs.  U[nwin]  has 
determined  to  do  so,  thinking  it  her  indispensable 
duty.  Pray  for  us  my  dear  Aunt,  that  it  may 
please  the  Good  Shepherd  to  lead  us  by  the  foot- 
steps of  the  flock,  and  to  feed  us  in  His  own  pasture. 
For  my  soul  within  me  is  sick  of  the  spiritless,, 
unedifying  ministry  at  HTuntingdon].  It  is  a 
matter  of  the  utmost  indifference  to  us  where  we 
settle,  provided  it  be  within  the  sound  of  the  glad 
tidings  of  salvation. 

I  am  a  sort  of  adopted  son  in  this  family,  where 
Mrs.  U[nwin]  has  always  treated  me  with  parental 
tenderness :  therefore  by  the  Lord's  leave  I  shall 
still  continue  a  member  of  it.  Our  aim  and  end  are 
the  same,  the  means  of  grace,  and  the  hope  of  glory  ; 
so  that  there  seems  to  be  no  reason  why  we  should 
separate. 

I  am,  my  dear  Aunt, 

Yours,  I  trust,  in  the  only  Saviour,  etc. 

Pp.  41-43  :— 

Letter  3. 

July  18,  1767. 

I  wish,  my  dear  Aunt,  that  any  of  my  letters 
may  be  made  as  effectual  to  your  consolation,  as 
your  last  was  to  mine.  I  had  for  many  days  stood 
in  great  need  of  some  spiritual  refreshment,  having 
walked  in  darkness  and  found  it  a  trial  of  my 
utmost  strength,  to  trust  ever  so  little  in  the  Lord 
and  stay  upon  my  God  ;  but  His  mercy  is  ever 
watchful  over  us,  to  pour  oil  and  wine  into  our 
wounds,  either  with  His  own  hand  or  by  the 
ministry  of  His  faithful  servants.  I  know  He  will 
recompense  you  for  it :  for  though  my  prayers  are 
wretched  things,  and  seem  to  myself,  generally  to 
be  little  more  than  lip-labour,  yet  He  hears  them 

*  See  *  The  Life  and  Times  of  Selina,  Countess  of 
Huntingdon,'  London,  1844,  ii.  141-2:  "  Mrs.  Unwin 
had  always  been  very  fond  of  reading,  and  was 
esteemed  for  superior  intelligence;  but  she  had 
been  remarkable  also  for  gaiety  and  vivacity.  She 
soon,  notwithstanding,  fully  entered  into  Mr. 
Cowper's  religious  views,  and  discovered  a  change 
of  character  that  was  far  from  being  agreeable  to 

her  fashionable  acquaintances Whilst    in    this 

retirement  it  pleased  the  Almighty  to  make  Mr. 
Cowper  instrumental  to  the  conversion  of  almost  all 
Mr.  Unwin's  family.  The  consequent  alteration  of 
their  conduct  excited  the  surprise  and  displeasure  of 
their  former  intimates,  whose  round  of  amusements 
had  long  been  undisturbed  by  appearances  of 
genuine  godliness.  They  regretted  that  a  man 
of  Mr.  Cowper  s  accomplishments  should  have  been 
spoiled  for  society  by  religion  ;  and,  still  more, 
that  his  delusion  should  have  infected  a  family  so 
extensively  connected  as  Mr.  Unwin's  with  the 
polite  inhabitants." 


44 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  JULY  ie, 


at  His  right  hand  for  ever,  Jesus  Christ  the  Right- 
eous Therefore,  though  I  am  nothing,  and  less 
than  nothing,  and  vanity,  yet  the  mighty  God  the 
everlasting  Lord,  the  Creator  of  the  ends  of  the 
llrth  will  hear  me.  Oh !  to  what  privileges  are 
worms  Tdvanced,  and  how  do  the  extremes  o!  power 
Tnd  weakness,  puritvand  sinfulness,  meet  together 
by  the  mediation  of  the  Man  Christ  Jesus !  Ihe 
Lord  give  me  some  sense  of  His  goodness,  m  this 

wonderful  reconciliation  ! Mr.  Newton  seems 

7erv  desirous  of  having  Mrs   Un n  (Unwm)  and 

myself  for  neighbours,  and  I  am  sure  we  should 
think  ourselves  highly  favoured  to  be  committed  to 
the  care  of  such  a  pastor  !  May  we  be  enabled  to 
.hold  him  in  double  honour,  for  his  work  s  sake, 
.according  to  the  will  of  the  great  Shepherd  of^us 

.all!    I  have  unfeigned  regard  for  Lady ,     a 

sincere  affection,  and  am  therefore  glad  of  oppor- 
tunities to  lead  her  thoughts,  as  far  as  the  Lord 
shall  enable  me,  to  the  things  that  belong  to  her 
peace  so  that  I  never  write  to  her  without  attempt- 
ing it,  but  there  are  wide  gaps  in  our  correspond- 
•ence,  which  nevertheless  proceeds  alter  a  iasnion. 
I  received  from  her  lately  a  kind  invitation  to  her 

house  at ,t  but  necessity  is  laid  upon  me,  and  1 

cannot  accept  these  offers. 

Though  she  is  every  thing  that  is  amiable  among 
men,  yet  I  fear  the  veil  is  upon  her  heart,  for  I  have 
never  heard  her  speak  Shibboleth  plainly;  nor  does 
the  abundance  of  her  poor  heart  seem  to  be  what 
it  should  be.  Yet  the  Lord  may  have  purposes  of 
grace  towards  her,  which  I  beseech  Him  to  manifest 
in  His  own  time.  My  dear  Aunt,  how  lovely  must 
be  the  spirits  of  just  men  made  perfect,  since 
.creatures  so  lovely  in  our  eyes,  may  yet  have  the 
wrath  of  God  abiding  on  them.  The  Lord  avert  it 
from  her,  and  remember  her,  with  the  glorious 
assembly  before  His  throne  forever. 

Your  affectionate  nephew,  etc.  etc. 

JOHN  E.  B.  MAYOR. 
Cambridge. 

(To  be  continued.) 


GAELIC  INSCRIPTIONS  IN  MAN. 

IN    my    collection    of    Manx    inscriptions 

.published  in    the  Manx  Church  Magazine, 

No.  10,  for  October,  1901, 1  said  that  all  such 

inscriptions    are  epitaphs.     But  it    appears 

*  Hesketh.  Mrs.  Cowper's  note,  '  Character  of 

Lady ':  See  letter  from  Almira,  p.  26  (where 

we  read) :  "  I  love  her,  I  think,  most  dearly.  She 
has  so  many  good  qualities,  and,  I  may  add,  so  many 
-Christian  graces,  that  I  often  think  (as  1  have  heard 
\you  kindly  say)  she  is  too  good  for  the  world,  M'hich 
engrosses  so  much  of  her  time  and  thoughts.  0  that 
she  was  not  only  almost,  but  altogether  a  Chris- 
tian ! " 

f  Freemantle,  a  villa  near  Southampton.  See 
Cowper's  '  Letters,'  ed.  Wright,  1904,  i.  44 ;  letter  to 
Lady  Hesketh,  September  4,  1765:  "You  cannot 
think  how  glad  I  am  to  hear  you  are  going  to  com- 
mence lady  and  mistress  of  Freemantle you  are 

kind  to  invite  jne  to  it." 


that  I  was  generalizing  from  imperfect 
knowledge,  though  that  is  better  than  none. 
In  a  letter  dated  20  April,  1903,  the  Rev.  W. 
lago,  of  5,  Western  Terrace,  Bodmin ,  informs 
me  that  he  copied  on  18  July,  1851,  in  Kirk 
Patrick  Churchyard,  Isle  of  Man,  an  inscrip- 
tion on  a  sundial  made  in  the  form  of  a 
triangle  perforated  so  as  to  produce  the  three 
legs  of  the  Manx  arms.  It  ran  thus : 

0  .    COONE   .    CRECHA  .   CIARE  .   AS   .   TA  .   MY   . 

HRAA;  but  perhaps  the  third  word  began 
with  G.  On  the  same  dial  there  were 
also  these  inscriptions  :  "  The  small  and  great 
are  there,  and  the  servant  is  free  from  his 
master,"  Job  iii.  19;  "ut  hora  sic  vita  dum 
species  fugit."  An  inscription  on  a  dial,  how- 
ever, is  but  an  epitaph  on  immortal  time. 
Does  this  one  still  exist  1 

Moreover  Canon   Kewley,  editor  of  that 
magazine,   published  in  the  Manx  Sun  for 

14  Sept.,  1901  (at  Douglas),  two  epitaphs  which 

1  had  overlooked  in  his  churchyard  at  Kirk 
Arbory,  by  Ballabeg,  but  he  never  inserted 
them  in  the  magazine.    For  the  benefit  of 
Keltic-loving  students  it  will  be  well  to  give 
them  more  lasting  fame  within  the  shelter  of 
a  volume  of  *  N.  &  Q.' 

1.  "  Sacred  to  the  memory  of  John  Clarke,  who 
departed  this  life  the  5th  of  March,  1862,  aged  55 
years.     *  I  have  a  desire  to  depart,  and  to  be  with 
Christ,  which  is  far  better  '  (Philippians  i.  23).  '  Ta 
me  skee  jeh'n  seihll,  as  dagh  nhee  t'ayn,  as  booiagh 
cosney  voish.'" 

These  Gaelic  words  were  rendered  by 
Canon  Kewley  thus :  "  I  am  tired  of  the 
world,  and  everything  that  is  in  it,  and 
willing  to  escape  from  it." 

2.  "Sacred  to  the  memory  of  Robert  Cubbon,  of 
Ronague,  who  departed  this  life  November  21st, 
1858,  aged  84  years  :— 

Ta  bannagh  Yee  er  deiney  mie, 
Nyn  cadley  ayns  y  joan, 
Cre  beagh  ny  oltyn  bwooagh  Ihie 
Ayns  baas,  agh  raad  va'n  Kione." 

Canon  Kewley  translated  these  verses  as 
follows  : — 

Good  men  by  God  are  ever  blest, 
The  dust  is  here  their  bed : 
How  glad  the  members  are  to  rest 
In  death,  and  join  the  Head. 

He   added  another  version,  by   the  Rev. 
W.  C.  Bell  :- 

How  willingly  we  slumber  here  ! 
God  blesses  still  the  just : 
The  way  by  which  the  members  come 
To  join  the  Head  is  dust. 

I  had  already  published  in  the  aforesaid 
collection  the  epitaph  of  Paul  Keig,  who  died 

15  May,  1870.     Canon  Kewley  believes  it  to 
have  been   composed  by   Henry   Taylor,  of 
Erystein.    It  is  worth  reproducing  here,  so 


s.  ii.  JULY  is,  1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


45 


that  the  merit  of  Canon  Kewley's  translation 
may  be  appreciated  : — 

O  vraar  tou  scarrit  vooin  son  tra 
Ny  smoo  cha  glinn  mayd  dy  churaa 

Choud  vees  mayd  bio  syn  eill 
Gys  fagys  mayd  yn  thie  dy  chray 
As  roshtyn  gys  yn  boal  dy  fea 
Raad  nee  mayd  oo  veeteil. 

0  brother,  for  a  time  not  near, 
Thy  voice  no  longer  shall  we  hear, 

While  we  in  flesh  reside  : 
Until  we  leave  the  house  of  clay, 
And  reach  the  place  of  rest  for  aye, 

And  there  with  thee  abide. 

A  hundred  years  hence  philologists  will 
value  such  documents.  The  Manx  language 
is  fast  dying  out,  with  its  wireless  message 
from  the  prehistoric  past  of  the  Northern 
Kelts.  The  apathy  of  the  Manx  people  must 
be  attributed  to  the  superior  advantages  for 
commercial  purposes,  especially  outside  their 
island,  of  the  world-wide  English  beorla  of 
their  conquerors.  Have  any  Manx  inscrip- 
tions been  set  up  outside  the  Isle  of  Man  1 

E.  S.  DODGSON. 


WINCHESTER  COLLEGE  VISITATION,  1559.— 
Little  is  known  for  certain  about  the  Visita- 
tion of  the  four  south-eastern  dioceses  in  this 
year,  except  the  names  of  the  visitors,  at 
whose  head  was  William,  Marquis  of  Win- 
chester (Gee's  *  Elizabethan  Clergy,'  pp.  100-1). 
It  appears,  however,  from  *  S.  P.  Dom.,  Eliz.,' 
iv.  72,  that  on  30  June,  1559,  the  Visitation 
was  in  progress  at  Winchester,  and  that  the 
Warden  and  Fellows  of  New  College  and  the 
Master  of  St.  Cross,  as  well  as  the  Dean  and 
Chapter,  were  recalcitrant,  and  that  order 
must  be  taken  against  them.  This  note  will 
be  restricted  to  what  happened  at  Winchester 
College.  The  Warden,  Thomas  Stempe,D.C.L., 
elected  in  1556,  and  others  appear  to  have 
been  imprisoned.  For  in  Machyn's  'Diary,' 
p.  205,  we  find  the  entry  (anno  1559)  :— 

"  The  xxv  day  of  July,  was  sant  James  day,  the 
warden  of  Wynchaster  and  odur  docturs  and 
prestes  wher  delevered  out  of  the  towre  and  marsel- 
say  and  odur." 

One  of  these  others  was  probably  Robert 
Reynolds,  D.C.L.,  who  was  deprived  in  this 
year  of  the  prebend  of  Milton  Ecclesia,  Lin- 
coln, the  mastership  of  St.  Cross,  and  the 
rectory  of  Fawley,  Hants  ('Victoria  Hist. 


Warden,  and  so  kept  his  other  preferments, 
including  a  fellowship  at  Winchester  College 
and  a  prebend  at  Winchester  Cathedral.  The 
Informator,  Thomas  Hyde  ('  D.N.B.,'  xxviii. 
401),  and  the  Hostiarius,  John  Marshall 


('D.N.B.,'  xxxvi.  269),  were  eventually  de- 
prived, but  I  do  not  know  whether  thev  were 
imprisoned  at  this  time.  Sanders's  List  of 
1571,  printed  in  Gee,  pp.  225  sqq.,  contains 
a  good  many  names  which  have  not  been 
identified,  and  which,  I  think  (as  Sanders  waa 
a  Wykehamist), are  very  likely  the  following: 

1.  William  Atkins  =  the   William   Adkins, 
scholar  of    Winchester    1534,    Fellow    1546, 
Canon  of  Lincoln  1556  to  1560. 

2.  Thomas    Crane  =  the    Fellow   of   Win- 
chester 1548.    A  priest  and   doctor  of   this 
name  arrived  at  the  English  College,  Rheims* 
from  Rome  in  1580,  then  aged  about  sixty, 
accompanied  by  William  Giblettand  Edward 
Bromborough    (both    Wykehamists)    among 
others  (Douay  Diaries). 

3.  John    Durston=the    Fellow    of    Win- 
chester 1553,  Fellow  of  Eton  1555,  ejected- 
from  Eton  11  Sept.,  1561. 

4.  Thomas  Hawkins=the  Fellow  of  Win- 
chester 1555. 

5.  Nicholas     Langridge  =  the     Nicholas 
Langrysshe,  Fellow  of  Winchester  1550. 

The  recusant  Roger  James  mentioned  in- 
Strype,  'Ann.,'  II.  ii.  596-7,  may  be  the 
Fellow  of  Winchester  elected  in  1540,  and 
possibly  the  Ricardus  Jacrfbi  of  Sanders. 

Some  of  the  above  probably  were  Fellows 
still  in  1559,  and  accompanied  the  Warden 
to  prison.  Any  light  on  them  woula  be  wel- 
come. JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

SIR  WALTER  SCOTT'S  Music  MASTER.  — 
Although  it  is  on  record  that,  at  certain 
Galashiels  festivities,  Scott  used  to  chant 
*  Tarry  Woo '  with  captivating  zest  and  appre- 
ciation, it  is  the  case  that  he  was  anything 
but  an  accomplished  musician.  He  is  him- 
self the  authority  on  this  point,  for  in  the- 
autobiographical  fragment  prefixed  to  Lock- 
hart's  'Life'  he  says  that  he  could  never 
manage  to  sing,  although  when  young  and 
receptive  he  was  given  the  opportunity  of 
learning.  "  My  mother,"  he  says,  "  was 
anxious  we  should  at  least  learn  Psalmody  : 
but  the  incurable  defects  of  my  voice  and 
ear  soon  drove  my  teacher  to  despair."  To 
this  teacher  he  pays  a  warm  tribute  in  a  foot- 
note, crediting  nim  with  ample  professional 
ability  and  accomplishment,  but  expressing 
mrprise  at  the  persistency  with  which  he 
icld  to  the  contention  that,  if  his  pupil  did 
not  understand  music,  it  was  because  he  did 
not  choose  to  learn  it.  The  singing-lessons, 
on  Scott's  showing,  must  have  had  a  thrilling 
effect.  "When  he  attended  us  in  George's 
Square,"  the  affectionate  pupil  recalls,  "our 
leighbour,  Lady  Gumming,  sent  to  beg  the 
x>ys  might  not  be  all  flogged  precisely  at  the 


46 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  JULY  IB,  MM. 


same  hour,  as,  though  she  had  no  doubt  the 
punishment  was  deserved,  the  noise  of  the 
concord  was  really  dreadful."  Alexander 
Campbell  (author  of  'An  Introduction  to  the 
History  of  Poetry  in  Scotland')  was  the 
musical  tutor,  and  in  the  'Life,'  chap,  iii., 
Lockhart  refers  to  him  as  the  editor  of 
'Albyn's  Anthology.'  Scott  makes  special 
allusion  to  the  author's  work  4A  Tour  in 
Scotland,'  and  he  eulogizes  him  as  "an 
enthusiast  in  Scottish  music,"  which,  he 
adds,  "  he  sang  most  beautifully."  There  are 
several  references  to  him  in  Scott's  'Familiar 
Letters.'  No  doubt,  e.g.,  he  is  the  musician 
mentioned  in  the  letter  to  Terry,  in  i.  365, 
where  the  subject  is  the  dramatized  version 
of  'Guy  Mannering.'  Again,  in  a  letter  to 
Lady  Abercorn,  at  p.  374  of  the  same  volume, 
he  is  definitely  described  as  "a  poor  man 
•called  Campbell,  a  decay'd  artist  and  musician, 
who  tried  to  teach  me  music  many  years 
Ago."  The  index  to  the  'Familiar  Letters' 
has  the  references  to  these  passages  under 
the  name  of  Thomas  Campbell,  author  of 

*  The  Pleasures  of  Hope.'    The  allusion  in  the 
ietter  to  Lady  Abercorn  will  cause  no  trouble, 
but  the    inexpert   reader    may    have    some 
difficulty    about    the   authoritative    person, 
simply  named  Campbell,  who  is  associated 
with  the  songs  included  in  Terry's  version  of 

*  Guy  Mannering.'    There  is  a  good  account 
of    Campbell  in    Chambers's    'Biographical 
Dictionary  of  Eminent  Scotsmen.' 

THOMAS  BAYNE. 

"PARAPHERNALIA."  (See  7th  S.  iv.  106;  8th 
S.  vii.  513.)— On  two  occasions  I  have  drawn 
attention  to  the  inaccurate  use  of  this  word, 
which  should  have  been  restricted  to  its  legal 
meaning.  When  the  error  first  came  into  out- 
language  I  do  not  know.  The  earliest  example 
given  in  the  'H.E.D.'  is  1736,  a  quotation 
from  Fielding's  'Pasquin.'  I  have  recently 
come  upon  the  following  modern  specimens, 
which  it  may  be  well  to  record  in  '  N.  &  Q.' : 

"All  the  paraphernalia  of  wealth  and  rank."— 
Scott,  « Heart  of  Midlothian,'  chap.  1. 

"  The  elaborate  paraphernalia  of  our  jury  system." 
—Tablet,  24  August,  1895,  p.  320. 

"The  social  customs  and  the  material  parapher- 
nalia of  Indo-Germanic  civilization."— A thenceum, 
8  June,  1901,  p.  717. 

"The  waggons  containing  the  peripatetic  para- 
phernalia of  the  Boer  Government."  —  Quarterly 
Review,  Jan.,  1902,  p.  309. 

"  All  the  rest  of  the  paraphernalia  of  political 
emphasis."- J.  Morley,  'Life  of  Gladstone,'  vol.  ii. 
p.  50.  N 

"  The  paraphernalia  of  rhetoric."— Ibid.,  ii.  593. 

K.  P.  D.  E. 

BAILIFF  OF  EAGLE.— On  Whitsun  Tuesday 
was  reopened,  after  restoration,  the  ancient 


church  of  Eagle,  near  Lincoln,  formerly  a  hold- 
ing of  the  Order  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem,  the 
modern  and  existing  representatives  of  which 
largely  contributed  to  the  building's  repairs. 
It  appears,  according  to  the  Church  Times, 
that  the  Manor  of  Eagle  anciently  boasted 
three  dignities — Commander,  Preceptor,  and 
Bailiff.  The  first  two  offices  have  lapsed,  but 
the  Bailiff  survives,  and  the  present  Bailiff  is 
the  Duke  of  Connaught.  FRANCIS  KING. 

MUSQUASH. — This  name  of  a  well-known 
fur-bearing  rodent  must  soon  come  up  for 
treatment  in  the  'N.E.D.'  I  wish  to  point 
out  that  the  earliest  writer  who  uses  it,  the 
redoubtable  Capt.  John  Smith,  has  it  in  two 
forms,  and  that  he  does  not  mix  these,  but 
always  writes  mussascus  in  those  of  his  works 
which  relate  to  Virginia  (e.g.,  Arber's  ed.,  p.  59), 
and  musquassus  in  those  relating  to  New 
England  (e.g.,  Arber,  p.  721).  The  first  spelling 
belongs,  therefore,  to  the  Powhatan,  or 
language  of  the  Virginian  Indians  ;  but  the 
latter,  according  to  the  late  Dr.  Trumbull  in 
his  '  Natick  Dictionary  '  (posthumously  pub- 
lished, 1903),  is  derived  from  the  two  Natick 
words  musqui,  red,  and  odas,  animal.  I  must 
confess  that  this  etymology  seems  to  me 
unconvincing.  It  is  only  half  supported  by 
muskwessu,  the  Abnaki  name  of  the  quad- 
ruped, which  may  mean  *'  it  is  red "  (see 
Kasles,  'Abnaki  Diet.,'  1691).  On  the  other 
hand,  we  can  extract  no  such  sense  from  the 
Powhatan  synonym,  mussascus,  given  by 
Smith,  and  still  less  from  damaskus,  which 
(according  to  Brinton  and  Anthony)  is  the 
Delaware  equivalent,  and  is  pronounced  like 
the  city  in  Syria.  I  fear  all  we  can  say  with 
certainty  of  this  term  is  that  it  is  common 
to  several  of  the  Algonkin  dialects. 

J.  PLATT,  Jun. 

'  GOD  SAVE  THE  KING.'— The  origin  of  the 
music  of  '  God  save  the  King '  (or  Queen)  has 
often  been  discussed.  The  Gil  Bias  of  Paris 
for  2  June  gives  some  news  on  the  subject 
which  may  perhaps  be  worth  recording  in 
*  N.  &  Q.'  The  words  of  the  hymn  are  inferior 
to  the  music.  The  same  remark  is  true  of  the 
famous  '  Gernikako  Arbola,'  the  racial  anthem 
of  all  the  Basks,  the  very  title  of  which  pro- 
claims their  subjection,  as  it  employs  the 
Latin  arbor,  instead  of  one  of  the  many  native 
names  for  tree. 

"Ii  arrive  a  1'hymne  anglais,  au  God  save  the 
King,  une  facheuse  mesaventure.  L'air  de  cet  hymne 
est  purementetsimplementun  plagiat,peut-etresans 
que  le  compositeur  s'en  soit  jamaisdoute.  L'original 
date  du  XVe  siecle.  On  vient  de  decouvrir,  dans  un 
manuscrit  envoye  recemment  a  la  Bibliotheque 
nationale  d'Athenes,  1'hymne  de  Constantin  Paleo- 
logue,  le  dernier  empereur  de  Byzanee.  Le  texte 


io'"  s.  ii.  JULY  16,  low.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


47 


est  accompagne  de  la  musique  byzantine  ;  un  pro- 
fesseur  de  musique  religieuse  d'Athenes  en  a  fait  la 
transcription,  et  la  melodic  a  de  si  grandes  analogies 
avec  1'air  du  God  sare  the  King,  qu'en  1'entendant 
on  croirait  ou'ir  I'hymne  anglais.  Or,  le  manuscrit 
est  de  1450.  On  croyait  jusqu'ici  que  le  God  save 
the  King  etait  emprunte  a  Lulli.  Tout  finit  par  se 
eavoir." 

E.  S.  DODGSON. 

ROCKALL.— The  bibliography  of  this  Flying 
Dutchman  will  be  found  9th  S.  x.  157. 

MEDIC  ULUS. 

FINAL  "-ED."— In  Mr.  Henry  Bradley 's 
interesting  book  'The  Making  of  English,' 
1904,  p.  50,  writing  of  the  "movement 
towards  monosyllabism  continued  even  into 
the  nineteenth  century,"  the  author  adds  that 
*'  within  the  memory  of  living  persons  it  was 
still  usual  in  the  reading  of  the  Bible  or  the 
Liturgy  to  make  two  syllables  of  such  words 
as  loved  and  changed,  which  are  now  pro- 
nounced in  one  syllable."  Perhaps  Mr. 
Bradley's  church-going  has  not  been  much 
varied,  but  he  ought  to  know  that  there  are 
now  not  a  few  clergy  (old-fashioned,  but  not 
necessarily  old-aged)  who  always  deliberately 
make  a  separate  syllable  of  this  final  "-ed." 
To  some  modern  ears  it  sounds  pedantic,  but 
the  modern  way  to  them  seems  slovenly, 
colloquial,  almost  irreverent.  I  shall  never 
forget  my  astonishment  on  hearing  an 
educated  man  speak  of  "  ragg'd  schools."  It 
has  even  been  suggested  that  we  might  say 
"  when  the  wick'd  man."  VV.  C.  B. 

POETICAL  CURIOSITY.  —  Wai  the  r  von  der 
Vogelweide,  the  Middle  High  German  Minne- 
.singer,  was  sometimes  guilty  of  playing  with 
the  form  and  the  rimes  of  his  verses.  For 
instance,  he  wrote  one  poem  of  five  stanzas 
of  seven  lines  each,  in  which  the  rimes  of 
each  one  of  the  five  stanzas  are  upon  one  of 
the  five  vowels  a,  e,  i,  o,  u  (cp.  Bartsch's 
edition,  pp.  8  and  9).  More  interesting,  how- 
ever, is  another  poem  of  five  stanzas  (cp. 
Bartsch,  281  and  282),  each  of  which  reads 
the  same  both  ways,  forward  or  backward. 
As  summing  up  the  good  advice  of  the  poem, 
I  quote  the  last  stanza  : — 

Hiietet  wol  der  drier 
Leider  al/e  frier : 
Zungen  ougen  oren  sint 
Dicke  schalchaft,  /'eren  blint. 
Dicke  schalchaft,  z'eren  blint 
Znngen  ougen  oren  sint : 
Leider  alze  frier 
Hiietet  wol  der  drier. 

CHARLES  BUNDY  WILSON. 
State  University  of  Iowa,  Iowa  City. 

IONA  CATHEDRAL.— As  I  have  lately  been 
at  lona,  it  may  interest  readers  of  *  N.  &  Q.' 


to  learn  that  substantial  progress  has  been 
made  with  the  restoration  of  the  cathedral 
there.  The  choir,  south  aisle,  and  south 
transept  have  been  roofed,  and  the  windows 
glazed,  while  the  square  tower  has  been 
roofed.  We  were  informed  that  it  is  intended 
to  roof  the  sacristy  (on  north  side  of  choir), 
and  complete  and  roof  the  north  transept. 
With  that,  however,  the  work  will  have  to 
stop,  unless  additional  funds  are  forthcoming. 

The  work  appears  to  be  done  in  a  plain, 
substantial  manner,  and  although  at  first 
sight  the  colour  of  the  slates  is  a  little 
objectionable,  this  will  no  doubt  tone  down 
in  time.  On  the  whole,  I  think  the  committee 
are  to  be  congratulated  on  the  result  of  their 
efforts  so  far,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  the 
completion  of  their  task  will  not  be  long 
delayed  owing  to  want  of  funds. 

The  island  of  lona  contains  a  number  of 
interesting  remains  in  the  shape  of  ancient 
memorial  stones,  «fec.  These  are  valuable  both 
from  an  artistic  and  an  archaeological  point 
of  view,  and  I  think  it  is  a  pity  they  should 
be  left,  as  at  present,  exposed  to  the  weather. 
Surely  it  would  not  cost  much  to  erect  a 
shelter  of  some  sort  over  the  large  collection 
of  such  stones  in  the  churchyard  round  St. 
Oran's  Chapel.  T.  F.  D. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  maybe  addressed  to  them 
direct.  

HERTFORD  COUNTY  BIOGRAPHY.  —  I  am 
desirous  of  preparing  a  scheme  for  a  dic- 
tionary of  Hertfordshire  biography,  taking 
as  a  model  the  *  Dictionary  of  National  Bio- 
graphy.' Can  correspondents  suggest  some 
elementary  rules  for  compiling  this  which 
could  be  circulated  among  the  workers  ? 

W.  B.  GERISH. 

Bishop's  Stortford,  Herts. 

THOMAS  BUTTON. — There  lies  before  me  a 
MS.  volume  of  264  pages,  containing  a  tran- 
script of  178  hymns  and  devotional  odes,  to 
each  of  which  are  prefixed  a  date  and  the 
name  of  a  place.  The  dates  run  from 
14  November,  1710,  to  6  August,  1712.  The 
series  of  places  begins  with  Edinburgh ;  con- 
tinues through  Corstorphine,  Stirling,  Kilsy  th, 
Glasgow  (in  the  Tolbooth  there  1  to  5  Decem- 
ber, 1710),  Stirling,  Edinburgh,  Barnes,  Dun- 
dee, Montrose,  Aberdeen  (12  March  to 
16  May,  1711,  including  visits  to  Pitfichie  and 
Inverurie),  Gilybrans,  Stonehive,  Montrose, 


48 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES.       [io«>  s.  IL  JULY  IG,  MM. 


Barnes,     Edinburgh,    Glasgow,    Edinburgh, 
Barnes,  Montrose,  Barnes,  Edinburgh  ;  and 
ends  with  London  (13  March  to  6  August, 
1712).     From  entries  on  some   loose  leaves 
preserved  in  the  same  volume  it  appears  that 
the  sequence  of  places  represents  the  itinerary 
of  an  evangelizing  tour  carried  out  by  Thomas 
Button.    Who  was  he?    I  quote  two  speci- 
mens of  (what  I  presume  is)  his  composition  : 
"May  16, 1711.  Aberdeen.   This  was  immediately 
before  they  went  to  the  street  of  Aberdeen. 
We  now  do  render  thanks,  0  Lord,  to  thee, 
Who  us  hast  made  thy  Love  and  Pow'r  to  see, 
And  Faithfulness  ;  thou  dost  thy  word  fulfill, 
And  strengthens  us  for  to  perform  thy  will. 
We  '1  therefore  now  our  chearf ul  voices  raise 


In  new  and  heay'nly  songs  of  Divine  Praise. 

"i,  Lord, 
say. 


We'l  henceforth,  Lord,  believe  what  thou  dost 
We  will  believe  that  thou  'It  this  Pow'r  display, 


vv  e  win  oeneve  mat  tnou  it  this  Jrow  r  display, 
And  wilt  fulfill  what  thou  by  us  shalt  speak  this 
day." 

"  Friday,  March  30,  1711.    Pitfichie. 

A  PINDARICK  ODE  ON  THE  PASSION. 

Amazement  fills  the  Heav'ns  !    The  Sp'rits  above 
Are  struck  with  aw  when  they  do  pry 
Into  this  wondrous  mystery. 

They  scarce  believe  that  it  is  true, 
When  they  behold  the  God  of  Light  and  Love 
On  an  accursed  tree  to  dy. 

They  can't  trust  their  eyes  with  the  view : 
The  spectacle  's  so  strange  and  new 
That  ev'n  when  their  amazed  eyes  do  it  behold, 
They  do  forget  that  it  was  prophesy'd  of  old." 
And  so  on  for  other  nine  stanzas. 

To  a  very  few  entries  are  appended  notes, 
which  may  help  in  identification.  Thus — 

"  May  12,  1711.  Aberdeen.  The  night  before  he 
went  and  spoke  in  the  Church." 

"October  29,  1711.  Montrose.  This  was  expla- 
natory of  a  sign  then  acted." 

-  "  £Rrii 14>  1712'    To  M-  K-    At  a  meeting  of  the 
mspi/d." 

"June  27,  1712.  London.  This  was  spoke  to 
Mrs.  Harris  and  attended  with  signs  suitable  to  the 
words  spoken." 

."July  4,  1712.  London.  After  a  blessing  to  J.  C. 
thro  M.  K.  encouraging  him  to  obey  the  command 
then  given  of  going  to  S.  Paul's." 

From  the  uniform  appearance  of  the  MS. 
it  would  seem  to  have  been  a  copy  written 
continuously,  not  at  the  different  dates  which 
head  the  entries.  But  the  copy  must  have 
been  little  later  than  the  originals,  the  hand 
being  that  of  the  period.  P.  J.  ANDERSON. 

University  Library,  Aberdeen. 

m  SIR  GILBERT  ELLIOT'S  DEATH.— The  follow- 
ing is  an  interesting  puzzle  in  necrology. 
According  to  Musgrave's  'Obituary,'  Sir 
Gilbert  Elliot,  third  baronet  of  Minto,  died 
51eb.,  1777,  reference  being  made  in  support 
of  this  date  to  the  'Annual  Register,' 226  ; 
London  Mag.,  no.;  and  Scots  Mag.,  54.  On 


looking  up  these  authorities,  I  find  the 
'  Annual  Register '  gives  as  the  date  of  death 
between  14  and  25  Jan.,  1777;  the  Gent.  Mag., 
1  Feb.,  1777;  and  the  Scots  Mag.,  —Jan.,  1777. 
Again,  Foster,  in  his  'Members  of  Parlia- 
ment,' gives  the  date  as  11  Feb.,  1777  ;  in  the 
'Annals  of^a  Border  Club'  it  appears  aa 
7  Jan.  ;  while  in  the  '  Diet.  Nat.  Biog.'  and 
'The  Border  Elliots'  the  date  is  set  down 
as  11  Jan.  Which  date  is  to  be  accepted  ? 
GEORGE  STRONACH. 

"A  SHOULDER    OF    MUTTON  BROUGHT  HOME 

FROM  FRANCE."  —  Can  any  reader  give  me 
information  about  a  song  of  which  the  above 
is  the  opening  line?  I  quote  (it  may  be 
wrongly)  all  I  can  remember,  but  there  were 
other  lines.  About  thirty  -  five  years  ago 
children  used  to  sing  it  in  chorus,  marching 
round  in  a  circle  at  the  time  : — 
A  shoulder  of  mutton  brought  home  from  France, 

Li  Li  Li,  Le  La  Li, 
They  killed  a  man  when  he  was  dead, 

Li  Li,  &c., 
And  they  went  to  St.  Paul's  to  look  for  his  head, 

Li  Li,  &c., 
Within  his  head  there  was  a  spring, 

Li  Li,  &c.. 
And  forty  big  fishes  were  swimming  therein, 

Li  Li  Li,  Le  La  Li. 


Calcutta. 


WlLMOT   CORFIELD. 


"  TROPENWUT  "  :  "  TROPENKOLLER."— I  have 
in  vain  tried  to  find  an  English  translation 
for  these  German  expressions.  Can  any 
reader  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  give  the  recognized  or  any 
translation  that  would  be  intelligible  without 
commentary?  N.  W.  THOMAS. 

[The  Grieb-Schroer  tenth  edition  defines  Tropen- 
koller  as  "  tropical  frenzy,"  which  is  much  briefer 
than  "  frenzy  produced  by  the  heat  of  the  tropics," 
the  rendering  in  Muret-Sanders.] 

HEWETT  FAMILY.  —  I  should  be  much 
obliged  if  any  of  your  readers  could  give 
me  any  information  relative  to  the  history 
of  the  above  family,  more  particularly  aboufc 
any  branch  which  probably  settled  in  North 
Leicestershire  about  the  beginning  of  the 
sixteenth  century.  Has  any  book  been  pub- 
lished, privately  or  otherwise,  dealing  with 
this  family  1  CHARLES  E.  HEWITT. 

20,  Cyril  Mansions,  Battersea  Park,  S.W. 

ADAM  ZAD.— What  is  Zad  done  into  Eng- 
lish, and  of  what  tongue  is  the  word  1 

J.  P.  STILWELL. 
Hilfield,  Yateley.1 

SKELETONS  AT  FUNERALS.— Jesse,  in  his 
'  Memoirs  of  the  Pretenders '  (p.  53),  says  that 
at  the  lying  in  state  of  James  Stuart,  the  Old 
Pretender  (ob.  1766),  "  the  church  was  illumi- 


s.  ii.  JULY  16, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


49 


nated  by  a  number  of  chandeliers,  besides 
wax-tapers  held  by  skeletons."  Was  this 
customary  in  the  eighteenth  century  1 

W.  E.  WILSON. 
Hawick. 

MORLAND'S  GRAVE. — Has  any  monument 
ever  been  erected  over  the  grave  of  this  great 
painter  in  St.  James's  Chapel,  Hampstead 
Road?  He  was  buried  there  in  1804,  and 
some  twenty  years  since  it  was  proposed  to 
mark  the  spot  by  a  suitable  memorial. 
Perhaps  some  reader  of  *  N.  &  Q.'  can  tell 
me  if  this  plan  was  ever  carried  out,  and  also 
if  any  other  memorial  exists  to  Morland. 
FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 

DICKENSIAN  LONDON.  —  Where  can  I  find 
an  illustration  of  No.  3,  Chandos  Street, 
Strand,  as  it  was  previous  to  1889,  in  which 
year  the  house  was  demolished  to  make  room 
for  an  extension  of  the  Civil  Service  Stores  1 
Warren's  blacking  warehouse,  in  which 
Dickens  worked,  was  removed  to  this  house 
from  Hungerfprd  Market.  I  should  also  be 
glad  to  know  if  a  view  exists  showing  No.  4, 
Gower  Street  North.  T.  W.  T. 

BRONTE  FAMILY. — As  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  Bronte  Society,  I  should  like  to  ask  if 
it  is  known  as  an  absolute  fact  that  the 
family  is  totally  extinct.  The  impression 
seems  to  be  that  there  is  positively  no  relative 
of  the  Rev.  Patrick  Bronte  living  (excepting 
his  son-in-law,  the  Rev.  A.  B.  Nicholls,  of  co. 
Down).  A  chemist  of  this  name,  who  was 
formerly  in  business  in  South  Africa,  has 
recently  died  in  New  Zealand,  and  I  am 
desirous  of  knowing  if  he  was  in  any  way 
connected  with  the  Brontes  of  Ha  worth. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Bradford. 

S.  HOWITT,  PAINTER.  —  Was  there  any 
S.  Howitt  other  than  Samuel,  who  appears 
in  Bryan's  '  Dictionary  of  Painters  and 
Engravers,'  born  about  1765,  died  1822  ?  He 
appears  to  have  produced  mainly  oil  paint- 
ings of  wild  animals,  hunting  scenes,  and  the 
like.  In  Pickering  <fc  Chatto's  catalogue 
4  Sports,  Pastimes,  Arts,  Sciences,'  recently 
issued,  are  the  items  (659,  660)  :— 

"A  New  Work  of  Animals containing  One 

Hundred  Plates,  drawn  from  the  Life  and  Etched 

by  Samuel  Howitt London 1811.  First 

Edition." 

"The  British  Sportsman  by  Samuel  Howitt, 

containing  Seventy  Plates.  London 1812.  First 

Edition." 

I  have  a  pair  of  water- colour  drawings 
signed  S.  Howitt,  sized  10A  in.  by  8i  in.  They 
are  views  of  parts  of  a  ruined  abbey  or 


church.  There  is  nothing  written  on  front 
or  back  which  would  identify  the  rums.  In 
the  foreground  of  one  is  a  man  in  breeches, 
stockings,  &c.,  with  a  gun  and  two  dogs; 
in  the  foreground  of  the  other  is  a  cow 
awkwardly  drawn.  With  that  exception 
both  pictures  are  good.  Their  style,  colours, 
&c.,  would  apparently  place  them  well  before 
1822.  The  signatures  are  in  printing  letters, 
in  each  case  on  a  stone  in  the  picture.  1 
shall  be  glad  of  any  information  about  the 
pictures,  or  about  the  artist,  other  than  what 
is  to  be  found  in  Bryan  or  in  the  'Dictionary 
of  National  Biography,' s.v.  'Samuel  Howitt. 

ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

[Between  1783  and  1815  he  exhibited  three  paint- 
ings  at  the  Society  of  Artists',  ten  at  the  Royal 
Academy,  and  three  at  other  exhibitions,  bee 
Graves's  '  Dictionary  of  Artists.  ] 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED.— 

1.  Pitt  had  a  great  future  behind  him. 

2.  Have  you  any  religion  ?    None  to  speak  of. 

3.  Instinct  is  untaught  ability. 

4.  Meditation  is  the  science  of  the  saints. 

5.  A  crank  is  a  little  thing  that  makes  revolutions. 

MEDICULUS. 

TROOPING  THE  COLOURS. —I  remember 
reading  somewhere  that  the  Prince  Regent 
(or  George  IV.)  invented  an  intricate  military 
manoeuvre,  bearing  the  above  designation,  m 
order  to  test,  or  to  ensure,  the  sobriety  of  the 
officers  of  the  Guards  at  ten  o'clock  in  the 
morning  in  that  hard-drinking  age.  It  is 
now  usually  called  "  Trooping  the  Colour,  m 
the  singular.  In  the  Times  of  28  June,  p.  9, 
col.  6,  the  headline  to  the  last  paragraph 
runs  :  "  The  Prince  and  the  Troop  of  the 
Colour."  What  is  the  meaning  of  the  last 

VaThe  'Century  Dictionary'  says  :  "Troop- 
ing the    Colors,  in    the    British   Army,  an 
elaborate  ceremony  performed  at^the  publ 
mounting    of    garrison     guards.        Is   this 
correct?  A.  D.  JONES. 

Oxford. 

SIR  HUGO  MEIGNELL,  1363.-Who  was  the 
wife  of  Sir  Hugo  Meignell,  or  Meynell,  who 
died  in  1363 1  Nichols  ('  History  of  Leicester- 
shire,' ii.  531-2)  says  that  he  married  Alice, 
daughter  of  Ralph,  Lord  Basset  of  Drayton, 
and  cousin  and  heir  of  Roger  de  Verdon  ; 
and  in  another  place  that  he  married  Alice 
de  Verdon.  Dugdale  says  that  he  married 
the  widow  of  Ralph,  Lord  Basset.  A  Plea  Roll 
abstracted  in  the  William  Salt  '  Historical 
Collections,'  xii.  54-55,  states  that  Ralph 
Basset,  of  Drayton,  granted  the  manor  ot 
Rakedale  to  Ralph  his  son  and  to  Alice  1 
wife  and  the  heirs  of  their  bodies,  and  the 


50 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  JULY  ie,  1904. 


said  Alice  was  now  wife  of  Hugh  de  Meyg- 
nill,  Chivaler  (Placita  de  Banco,  Trinity, 
20  Edward  III.,  m.  71).  This  looks  as  if 
Dugdale's  statement  was  correct.  But  who 
were  Alice's  father  and  mother  ?  And  how 
was  she  cousin  and  heiress  of  Roger  de 
Verdon  ?  W.  G.  D.  F. 

PUBLISHERS' CATALOGUES.— Some  years  ago 
in  Bibliographica,  a  quarterly  now  regrettably 
defunct,  the  question  was  raised,  What  is  the 
earliest  known  catalogue  of  publications, 
affixed  at  the  end  of  a  book?  Prof.  Arber 
quoted  Philemon  Stephens,  1656,  and  I  cannot 
trace  any  other  replies  to  the  query,  yet  there 
are  several  earlier  lists. 

A  notable  instance  is  that  at  the  end  of  the 
first  edition  of  Edmund  Waller's  'Poems,' 
"Printed  by  T.  W.  for  Humphrey  Mosley, 
1645,"  8vo.  Readers  will  aid  the  cause  of 
bibliography  considerably  by  multiplying 
instances.  WM.  JAGGARD. 

139,  Canning  Street,  Liverpool. 

GORDON  EPITAPH.— A  friend,  quoting  from 
a  newspaper  transcript  of  many  years  ago, 
gives  me  the  following  epitaph  :— 

Here  lies  the  body  of  Joseph  Gordon, 

Who  had  mouth  almighty  and  teeth  according  ; 

Stranger,  tread  lightly  o'er  this  sod, 

For  if  he  gapes  you  're  gone,  by  God. 
Where  is  it  to  be  found  ?    Is  it  Reading  ? 

J.  M.  BULLOCH. 
118,  Pall  Mall. 

OBB  WIG.— About  1780  an  author  quoted 
in  Calcutta  Review,  xxxv.  219,  describes  how 
the  "  Nabob  Siddert  Alley  "  gave  an  order  to 
a  peruke-maker  for  a  set  of  wigs,  including 
"  scratches,  cut  wigs,  and  curled  obbs,  Queues, 
Majors,  and  Ramillies."  Where  can  I  find 
a  description  of  these  varieties  of  wigs  ?  I 
cannot  find  the  Obb  in  *  N.E.D.' 

EMERITUS. 
[Can  bob  wigs  be  meant?] 

SILVER  BOUQUET -HOLDER. —What  is  the 
probable  date  of  a  beautifully  chased  silver 
bouquet-holder  which  has  no  hall-marks,  and 
was  evidently  made  before  such  marks  were 
compulsory  in  Scotland  ?  The  thistle  is  pre- 
dominant, the  other  emblem  being  something 
like  a  marguerite.  I  should  say  it  was  made 

a  the  occasion  of  80me  Scottish  marriage 
witn  a  bride  of  another  country  :  or  could  it 
possibly  be  when  Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  was 
married  to  the  Dauphin  of  France?  In 
that  case  would  not  the  second  flower  have 
been  the  fleur-de-lis  ?  C.  &  T 

BYRON:  BiRON.-On  what  date  did  the 
.ttyron-Biron  controversy  occur  ? 

RICHARD  HEMMING. 


PAMELA:  PAMELA. 
(9th  S.  xii.  141,  330 ;  10th  S.  i.  52,  135,  433,  495.) 

DR.  G.  KRUEGER,  at  the  penultimate 
reference,  reopens  the  question  of  the  pro- 
nunciation of  this  name.  So  perhaps  I  may 
be  permitted  to  add  a  few  words  to  what  I 
have  already  written  upon  the  subject. 

Mrs.  Barbauld  writes,  and,  so  far  as  my 
researches  go,  truly  writes,  with  reference  to 
Richardson's  novel  as  follows,  in  her  'Life 
of  Mr.  Richardson'  prefixed  to  her  edition 
of  his  *  Correspondence '  (London,  1804), 
p.  Ixxviii : — 

"  It  may  be  worth  mentioning  that  this  novel 
changed  the  pronunciation  of  the  name  Pamela, 
which  before  was  pronounced  Pamela,  as  appears 
from  that  line  of  Pope  [Epistle  ix.,  to  Mrs.  Martha 
Blount ;  *  Pope's  Works,'  vol.  iii.  p.  219,  edition 
Elwin  and  Courthope,  London,  1881— vol.  ii.  p.  163, 
edition  Pickering,  London,  1851], 

The  gods  to  curse  Pamela  with  her  prayers." 

I  repeat  what  I  have  already  said  (9th  S. 
xii.  141),  that  there  is  no  clue  in  Sidney's 
'  Arcadia,'  whence  originally  the  name  seems 
to  have  sprung,  as  to  the  pronunciation  of 
the  second  syllable.  But  COL.  PRIDEAUX 
(9th  S.  xii.  330)  has  produced  "  contemporary  " 
evidence  in  favour  of  Pamela  from  Drayton. 
To  which  I  will  now  add  Sir  John  Mennis  and 
James  Smith  in  the  '  Musarum  Delicise '  (p.  32 
of  J.  C.  Hotten's  reprint,  the  original  edition 
being  of  1656),  with  whom  "a  description  of 
three  Beauties  "  opens  with  the  couplet : — 
Philoclea  and  Pamela  sweet, 
By  chance  in  one  great  house  did  meet. 

The  pronunciation  is  also  evidently  that  of 
Pope. 

But  Mrs.  Barbauld  goes  on  :— 

*'  Aaron  Hill  thus  writes  about  it :  *  I  have  made ' 
(viz.,  in  some  commendatory  verses  he  wrote  upon 
the  occasion)  '  the  e  short  in  your  Pamela  ;  I  observe 
it  is  so  in  her  own  pretty  verses  at  parting.  I  am 
for  deriving  her  name  from  her  qualities,  only  that 
the  Greek  Tras  and  fteAos  allude  much  too  faintly 
to  the  all-reaching  extent  of  her  sweetness,'  and  he 
adds,  '  that  Mr.  Pope  has  taught  half  the  women  in 
England  to  pronounce  it  wrong.' " 

With  reference  to  the  last  part  of  Aaron 
Hill's  remarks,  DR.  KRUEGER  asks  for  informa- 
tion as  to  its  context.  I  cannot  satisfy  him. 
I  do  not  find  it  in  any  of  Aaron  Hill's 
letters  given  in  Mrs.  Barbauld's  collection  of 
Richardson's  'Correspondence'  (vol.  i.  pp. 
1-132),  or  in  the  'Works  of  Aaron  Hill' 
(London,  4  yols.,  1704).  But  the  former  of 
these  collections  is  certainly  incomplete  ;  and 
the  home  of  the  letter  which  is  wanted  may 
be  found  to  be  the  Forster  Collection  of 


io*s.ii.  JULY  is,  MM.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


51 


the  Richardson  Correspondence  at  South 
Kensington. 

The  '* commendatory  verses"  mentioned 
by  Mrs.  Barbauld  are  those  referred  to  in  my 
original  note  (9th  S.  xii.  141,  sub-sec.  4).  They 
are  also  to  be  found  in  Aaron  Hill's  *  Works ' 
(vol.  iii.  p.  348). 

It  seems  fairly  evident  from  what  Mrs. 
Barbauld  says  —  especially  when  there  is 
taken  into  account  Fielding's  quasi-protest 
mentioned  in  my  note  above,  sec.  4  —  that 
Richardson,  possibly  or  probably  ignorantly, 
but  in  fact,  innovated  upon  the  old  pronun- 
ciation of  the  name  and  made  it  "  Pamela  "  ; 
and  that  then  his  adulator  Aaron  Hill 
supported  him,  and  invented  a  fanciful 
pseudo-classical  substratum  for  this  their 
joint  wrongheadedness ;  and  that  finally  the 
popularity  which  followed  the  publication  of 
the  novel  gave  a  general  confirmance  in  the 
same  direction. 

I  am  sorry  to  find  a  scholar  like  Mr.  Court- 
hope  (ubi  sujyra)  tacitly  accepting  the  false 
classicism,  writing  as  he  does  : — 

"  The  ordinary  pronunciation  of  the  name  is 
Pamela  from  the  Greek  irav  /xcAos.  The  name  of 
Richardson's  heroine  has  always  been  pronounced 
in  that  way.  It  is  difficult  to  see  what  the  name 
can  have  meant  pronounced  as  in  Pope's  verse." 

Its  ignorance  —  possible  or  probable  —  is 
Richardson's ;  its  fancif ulness  is  Aaron  Hill's ; 
its  falsity,  as  I  have  already  said  in  my 
former  note  (sec.  4)  with  reference  to  MR. 
T.  J.  BUCKTON'S  acceptance  of  the  same  kind 
of  theory,  is  in  my  judgment  shown  by  the 
fact  that  "it  would  have  required  the 
spelling  Pammela  with  a  double  m"  And  I 
may  add  that  in  the  only  modern  Greek 
adaptation  of  the  novel  with  which  I  am 
acquainted— viz.,  a  translation  of  Goldoni's 
*  Pamela  Fanciujla,'  by  Polyzoes  Lampanit- 
ziptes,  entitled  17  aperr)  TTJ?  IIa//,€A.as  (ed.  1, 
Vienna,  1791 ;  ed.  2,  Venice,  1806)— the  name 
is  spelt  throughout  as  Ha/xeAa,  with  a 
single  /*. 

The  following  list — which  is  probably  not 
exhaustive  —  of  books  founded  directly  or 
indirectly  on  the  novel  will  give  an  idea  of 
the  confusion  as  to  the  pronunciation  of  the 
name  which  resulted  —  presumably  —  from 
Richardson's  idiosyncrasy  in  the  matter  : — 

(1)  No  clue. 

Goldoni's  only  two— pace  Mrs.  Barbauld— 
comedies  :  '  Pamela  Fanciulla '  and  *  Pamela 
Maritata '  (1749-50). 

Voltaire's  '  Nanine,  ou  le  Prejuge  Vaincu  ' 
(1740). 

D'Arnaud's  'Fanni,  ou  la  Nouvelle  Pamela' : 
Histoire  An^laise  (Paris,  17C7). — The  preface 
of  this  spoke  of  the  work  as  having  been 


published  in  Le  Di&coureur  in 
1762,  under  the  title  of  *  Nancy  ou  la  Nouvelle 
Pamela.' 

'Pamela' ;  in  fiinf  Aufziigen  (Bremen,  1768). 
—A  prose  German  translation  of  Nivelle  de 
la  Chaussee's  play  mentioned  below. 

(2)  Pamela. 

'Cancion  Nueva,  La  Pamela'  (Barcelona, 
1846). 

'A  mais  heroica    virtude    ou  a    virtuosa 
Pamella'  (Lisboa,   1766).— This  is  described 
as  having  been  "composta  no  idioma  Itali- 
ano " — a    reference    to    Goldoni's     *  Pamela 
Fanciulla '—"  e  traduzida"— with  alterations 
— "ao  gusto  portuguez."     Here  not  only  is 
the  second  syllable  lengthened,  but  the  I  is 
doubled,  as  in   the  case  mentioned  by  MR. 
C.   S.  TAYLOR  (9th  S.  xii.  330).    In  scene  ii. 
we  find  the  following  amongst  other  rhymes : 
Deixa  que  a  ardent  e  chama 
Que  me  abraza,  bellissima  Pamella, 
Mitigue  nessa  mao  nevada  e  bella. 
'Pamela;  or,  the  Fair  Impostor'  (1744).— 
Cited  by  MR.  ROBERT  PIERPOINT  in  10th  S.  i. 
135. 

(3)  Pamela   (ivith    occasionally    more  of  an 

accent  on  the  first  syllable). 
'Pamela.'    Comedie  en    vers    et   en    cinq 
actes.      By    Pierre    Claude    Nivelle   de   la 
Chaussee  (1777). 

Thus,  in  act  i.  scene  1,  we  find  such  lines 
as— 

Je  viens,  sans  en  avoir  1'aveu.  de  Pamela. 
Souvent  pour  lui  parler,  Pamela  se  derobe. 
'La  bella  Inglesa    Pamela   en  estado  de 
soltera,'  and   4  La  bella  Inglesa  Pamela  en 
estado  de  casada,'   both  of  Valencia  (1796), 
and    being    translations    of    Goldoni's    two 
comedies. 

Thus,  in  act  iii.  of  the  former  we  find  :— 
De  Pamela  el  padre  en  casa. 

D6cid  a  Pamela  que 

'Pamela  nubile,'  which  is  anonymous,  but 
described  on  its  title-page  as  a  "Farsa  in 
musica  da  rappresen tarsi  nel  teatro  nuovo  in 
Padua  La  Fiera  del  Santo  dell'  anno  1810." 
Thus,  scene  6  :— 

Vedro  Pamela  ad  un  mio  servo  in  braccio  ? 
but  scene  7  :— 

E  un  affare Pamela. 

(4)  Pamela. 

'Pamela,  ou  la  vertu  recompensed  '(Londres, 
1741). — A  prose  translation  into  French  of 


a    poetical     rendering     of    the    verses    in 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n:  JULY  IG,  1904. 


letter  xxxi.,  which  are  referred  to  in  my  note 
above,  sec.  3.    They  begin  thus  :— 

Mes  chers  compagnons  de  service, 
De  votre  Pamela  recevez  les  adieux  : 
Dans  1'art  des  vers  elle  est  novice, 
Mais  nulle  autre  du  moins  ne  vous  aimera  mieux. 

And  another  quatrain  ends  with  the  line  : — 

Pour  votre  Pamela  formez  les  meraes  voeux. 
The  rhythm  of  the  lines  in  which  the  name 
occurs  appears  to  be  anapaestic,  and  the  name 
accordingly  so  pronounceable,  i.e.,  Pamela. 

*  Pamela  en  France,  ou  la  vertu  mieux 
eprouvee':  a  comedy  in  verse  by  Louis  de 
Boissy  (1743). 

Beranger's  '  Abbesse '  mentioned  in  my 
note  in  10th  S.  i.  52 ;  and  MR.  PICKFORD'S 
Latin  poem  referred  to  in  the  same  place. 

Neither  the  prose  play  by  James  Dance, 
otherwise  Love,  entitled  'Pamela'  (Lond., 
1741),  nor  BickerstafFs  musical  comedy,  'The 
Maid  of  the  Mill '  (1765),  gives  any  direct  clue 
to  the  pronunciation  of  the  name.  But  it  is 
significantly  in  favour  of  that  with  the  short 
e>  that  in  the  epilogue  of  the  former  occurs 
the  abbreviation  "  Pammy  " — 

And  like  his  Pammy  conquer  vice  or  die- 
Con  which  MR.  S.  G.  OULD'S  note— 10th  S.  i- 
52 — is  in  point),  and  in  the  latter  the  heroine's 
name  is  "  Patty." 

The  name  in  the  modern  Greek  play,  to 
which  I  have  already  referred,  really  points 
in  the  same  direction  ;  but  the  presence  of 
the  accent  on  the  c  connotes  something  of 
a  stress  upon  it. 

But  DR.  KRUEGER  (ubi  supra)  says :  "  One 
question  remains,  Did  Pope  pronounce  the 
accented  syllable  [that  is,  the  second]  as  he 
did  tea,  or  as  we  should  nowadays  ? " 

With  the  greatest  respect,  I  should  have 
thought  that  no  such  question  could  possibly 
have  arisen.  The  question  is  not  that  of  the 
pronunciation  of  a  word  "  Pameala,"  but  that 
of  "  Pamela." 

Moreover,  Pope's  own  pronunciation  of  the 
word  "  tea  "  might  be  a  question  difficult  of 
solution.  In  the  '  Rape  of  the  Lock,'  i.  61, 
he  rhymes  it  with  "away,"  and  in  ib.  iii.  7, 
with  "  obey  ";  in  *  The  Basset  Table,'  27  (if,  in- 
deed, he  and  not  Lady  Mary  Wortley  Montagu 
was  the  writer),  with  "stay."  But  in  the 
last-mentioned  poem,  v.  Ill,  we  find  it  linked 
with  "decree":— 

The  snuff-box  to  Cordelia  I  decree  : 
Now  leave  complaining,  and  begin  your  tea. 
The  pronunciation  of    the    word    in    the 
'Epistle  to  Mrs.  Teresa  Blount,'— 

To  part  her  time  'twixt  reading  and  bohea, 
To  muse  and  spill  her  solitary  tea, — 


may  possibly  be  quoted  in  the  same  con- 
nexion. \ 

The  affected  pronunciation  tay,  was  pro- 
bably only  a  piece  of  the  fashionable  foppish 
Gallicism  of  the  day. 

RICHARD  HORTON  SMITH. 

Athenaeum  Club. 

[La  Chaussee's  'Pamela,'  mentioned  ui^der  (3)7 
was  damned  6  December,  1743.  Some  one  \  asking, 
"Comment  va  Pamela?"  received  from  ,a  wag 
the  answer,  "Elle  pame,  helas!"  'Pamela;  ou, 
la  Vertu  Recom pensile,'  a  comedy  in  five  acjts  and 
in  verse,  by  Frangois  Neufchateau,  was  given  at 
the  Francais,  and  was  immediately  suppressed 
by  the  Convention,  which  ordered  the  shjutting 
up  of  the  theatre  and  the  arrest  of  the  actors. 
In  1810  'Pamela  Marine,'  a  comedy  in  three;  acts, 
founded  in  part  on  the  preceding,  or  having  at 
least  the  same  characters,  by  Cubiere-Palme^eaux 
and  Pelletier-Volmerange,  was  given  at  the  Od6on. 
'  Pamela ;  or,  Virtue  Triumphant,'  an  anonynnous 
comedy,  was  printed  in  1742,  and  never  ac\ted. 
Goldoni's  'Pamela'  was  printed  in  1756.  It  is  ;not 
pretended  that  this  information  adds  much  to  ]the 
subject,  but,  as  it  is  not  easily  procurable,  iu ,  is 
given.  The  "pame,  helas!"  shows  how  the  narjie 
was  pronounced  in  France.] 


THE  PREMIER  GRENADIER  OF  FRANCE  (10*9 
S.  i.  384,  470). — Since  I  wrote  my  reply  I  have 
visited  the  Hotel  des  In  valid es  and  the  Musee> 
Carnavalet.  I  asked  a  pensioner  who  was  on 
duty  in  the  church  about  the  heart ;  he  toldj 
me  that  within  an  hour  of  its  being  left  io. 
the  church  it  had  been  taken  far  away  intov 
the  underground  places  of  the  church,  that 
there  was  a  report  that  a  monument  was  to- 
be  erected  in  the  church,  and  that  then 
perhaps  La  Tour  d'Auvergne's  heart  would 
reappear.  Probably  this  hiding  of  it  was 
done  to  assure  its  safe  keeping. 

I  had  supposed  that  the  sword  which,  on 
30  March,  was  carried  with  the  heart  to  the 
Invalides  was  destined  to  remain  there. 
I  learnt  at  the  Musee  Carnavalet  that 
it  had  been  only  lent  for  the  occasion, 
and  had  been  brought  back  to  the  Musee. 
There  it  is  now  along  with  the  waist-belt  and 
frog,  which  are  pictured  in  M.  Deroulede's 
book  (p.  245),  to  which  I  referred  in  my  pre- 
vious reply.  It  is  a  straight  infantry  sword 
in  a  leather  scabbard,  which  above  the  silver- 
gilt  or  brass  tip  is  very  limp,  showing  appa- 
rently that  it  has  been  much  worn.  Under 
the  guard  is  the  following  inscription : 
"  Arme  d'honneur  decerne  par  les  Consuls  de 
la  Republique  Fran9aise  au  Capitaine  La. 
Tour  d'Auvergne  Corret  Pr.  Grenadier." 
There  is  also  an  autograph  letter  of  La  Tour 
d'Auvergne. 

That  he  was  never  known  by  any  title 
other  than  that  of  "  Premier  Grenadier  de  la 
France,"  as  stated  at  the  first  reference,  is  a 


ii.  JULY  16,  low.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


53 


mistake.  He  was  appointed  a  sub-lieutenant 
"  au  regiment  d'Angoumois  -  infanterie," 
1  September,  1767  (see  p.  48  of  M.  Derou- 
lede's  book),  after  having  served  about  five 
months  in  the  Mousquetaires  Noirs,  in  which 
corps  no  one  could  serve  who  was  not  by 
birth  a  "gentilhomme  "  (ibid.,  p.  46).  In  1782 
he  applied,  in  vain,  for  an  appointment  as 
aide-de-camp  in  the  island  of  Minorca  (ibid., 
p.  127).  On  29  October,  1784,  he  became  by 
seniority  "  capitaine  en  second,"  i.e.,  after 
seventeen  years'  service  as  a  lieutenant  (ibid., 
p.  136). 

In  1792,  after  the  Revolution,  he  was  a 
captain  of  grenadiers  (ibid.,  p.  170),  appa- 
rently of  the  148e  demi  -  brigade,  formerly 
called  the  "  Regiment  d'Angoumois  "  (ibid., 
p.  172).  In  June,  1793,  the  grade  of  general  de 
brigade  was  offered  him,  which  he  refused,  but 
General  Servan  formed  all  the  grenadiers  into 
one  corps,  consisting  of  6,000  to  7,000  men,  arid 
gave  him  the  command,  so  that  as  a  captain 
he  was  practically  a  general  of  brigade.  This 
corps  was  named  the  "division  d 'avant- 
garde,"  and  soon  bore  the  sobriquet  of  "la 
colonne  infernale"  (ibid.,  pp.  182,  200-1,  242). 
He  was  a  captain  before  the  Revolution  and 
remained  a  captain,  refusing  any  higher 
grade,  as  he  also  refused  the  place  in  the 
Corps  Legislatif  offered  to  him  by  the  Senate 
after  the  coup  d'Jtot  of  the  18  Brumaire,  1799 
(ibid.,  p.  237). 

In  his  last  three  campaigns  he  appears  to 
have  served  in  the  ranks.  When  he  was 
nearly  fifty-four  years  old,  he  served  as  a 
substitute  for  the  last  remaining  son  of  his 
friend  Le  Brigant,  who  had  been  drawn  for 
the  conscription.  He  served,  apparently  as  a 
private  soldier,  but  with  the  title  of  capitaine 
volontaire,  always  by  the  side  of  the  titular 
captain  of  his  old  company  in  the  46e  demi- 
brigade  in  1797  with  the  army  of  the  Rhine 
(ibid.,  p.  232). 

Again  as  substitute  for  the  young  Le 
Brigant  he  served  in  Massena's  army  in 
Switzerland  in  1799,  and  was  present  at  the 
battle  of  Zurich,  being  among  the  first  to 
enter  the  town  (ibid.,  p.  236). 

In  Carnot's  letter  to  him  dated  5  floreal, 
an  VIII.,  is  the  following  :— 

"  II  vole  h,  1'armee  du  Rhin,  remplace  le  fils  de 
son  ami,  et,  pendant  deux  campagnes,  le  sac  sur 
le  dps,  toujours  an  premier  rang,  il  est  a  toutes  les 
affaires,  et  anime  les  grenadiers  par  ses  discours  et 
par  son  exemple." — Ibid.,  p.  242. 

This  was  the  letter  in  which  was  given  to 
him,   by  order  of  the  First  Consul,  the  title 
of  "Premier  Grenadier  des  Arme'es    de  la 
.Rrpublique." 
His  last  campaign  of  all,  his  third  as  sub- 


stitute for  the  young  Le  Brigant,  was  in 
1800.  Besides  being  a  substitute  he  was 
specially  requested  by  Carnot,  the  Minister 
for  War,  to  rejoin  the  army  (ibid.,  pp.  253-4). 

On  21  June,  1800,  a  little  more  than  a  month 
after  having  been  named  "  First  Grenadier," 
he  rejoined  the  army  of  the  Rhine  com- 
manded by  Moreau,  and  at  his  own  request 
was  placed  in  the  46e  demi-brigade.  On  the 
27th  he  was  killed  near  Neubourg  (ibid.,  , 
pp.  253,  257,  258,  261). 

That  he  was  not  then  serving  as  an  officer 
appears  from  M.  Deroulede's  account  (p.  261) : 
"La  Tour  d'Auvergne,  au  premier  rang 
des  grenadiers,  croise  la  baionnette  contre 
les  cavaliers  autrichiens."  That  he  was  by 
rank  an  officer  is  plain,  not  only  from  the 
inscription  on  the  guard  of  his  sword,  but 
also  from  a  letter  of  his  to  Le  Coz,  in  which, 
speaking  of  his  leaving  Bpdmin,  where  he 
had  been  confined  as  a  prisoner  of  war,  he 
speaks  of  his  exchange  for  an  English  officer 
of  equal  rank  (ibid.,  p.  225).  In  the  preface 
(p.  14)  M.  Deroulede  writes:  "Je  le  revis 
debout,  au  premier  rang  de  la  bataille,  rem- 
plissant  toujours  et  partout,  avec  trop 
d  "abnegation  peut-etre,  son  r6le  d'officier- 
soldat." 

The  Hotel  Carnavalet,  where  Madame  de 
Sevigne  lived  for  twenty  years,  contains  most 
interesting  and  beautiful  collections. 

ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

MR.  H.  G.  HOPE  is  wrong  in  believing  La 
Tour  d'Auvergne  to  have  been  always  a 
private.  He  was  an  officer  of  the  ancien 
regime.  Passing  through  the  Royal  College 
of  La  Fleche,  he  became  a  sous-lieutenant  in 
the  Mousquetaires  Noirs,  a  most  aristocratic 
body,  part  of  the  Maison  Rouge  (the  "  Noir  " 
referring  to  the  horses,  and  the  "Rouge"  to 
the  coat).  He  then  passed  into  the  line,  and 
became  lieutenant  and,  in  1784,  captain.  In 
1791  he  received  the  Cross  of  St.  Louis.  From 
1784  until  his  death  he  served  as  captain,  his 
refusal  of  higher  promotion  being  by  no  means 
an  isolated  case.  He  was  not  descended 
legitimately  from  the  illustrious  family 
whose  name  he  took.  See  4  Le  Capitaine  la 
Tour  d'Auvergne,'  par  Simond  (Perrin,  1895). 
R.  PHIPPS,  Colonel  late  R.A. 

MARK  HILDESLEY  (10th  S.  i.  344,414,475). 
— My  inquiries  on  the  subject  of  this  gentle- 
man have  resulted  in  the  discovery  at  the 
British  Museum  of  a  book  which  is  evidently 
entirely  in  his  own  handwriting.  It  is  a 
small  octavo  volume  (Harl.  MSS.  4726)  of 
about  150  pages,  mainly  containing  short 
'  Essays  by  a  Jurisprudent '  on  various  points 
of  morals,  religion,  and  occasionally  politics. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  JULY  ie.  MM. 


A  few  are  in  shorthand.  Near  the  end  I  wa 
fortunate  enough  to  find  his  own  draft  o 
his  epitaph,  both  in  Latin  and  English 
The  epitaph  as  printed  at  the  first  referenc 
correctly  gives  the  version  engraved  on  th 
tablet.  The  Latin  copy  in  the  book  is  prac 
tically  the  same  ;  the  ninth  line  reads  :  —  • 

Quam  Lincoln's  Inn  plus  ultra  datur, 
by  which,  as  the  English  version  clearl 
shows,  he  intended  to  convey  that  he  hac 
been  more  successful  in  his  university  caree 
than  he  was  at  Lincoln's  Inn;  and  it  con 
eludes  with  the  lines  :  — 

Nulla  Sacerdoti  Marco  datur  ansa  Loquendi. 
Eat  mini  Mors  Lucrum.     Deus  est  meus  Ipse 

Sepulchrum 
Ante  obitum  infelix.    Felix  post  Funera  Vivo. 

The  English  version  is  as  follows  :  — 

"Ye  Relicts  of  M.  H.,  Esq.,  late  a  fellow  of  ye 
Eoyall  Society  of  Lyncoln's  Inn. 

Here  lyes  in  this  place  interred 

M.  H.  his  corps  with  life  tyred. 

An  Alderman  (Mark)  was,  'tis  said, 

His  Father  :  Mother,  Doll  :  (both  dead) 

&  brother  (Stephen)  buryed. 

Thro'  Cambridge  and  Oxford  he  fled 

Than  Lyncoln's  Inn  farr  better  sped 

&  tho  he  was  twioe  marryed 

One  wife  with  4  boyes  brought  to  bed 

Yet  but  in  2  of  ym  Blessed. 

Born  Sixteen  hundred  and  thirty 

Unborn  again  when  he  does  Dye 

Death  to  hym  a  Gayn 

Who  is  Happy  freed  from  Payn." 

^e  entire  contents  of  the  book  are  in 
similar  doggerel  rime.  Two  or  three  papers 
relate  to  Lincoln's  Inn  :  one  is  descriptive  of 
the  gardens,  and  another  is  of  a  curious  tes- 
tamentary character.  It  appears  from  it 
that  a  nre  occurred  in  his  chambers  in 
February,  1692,  and  he  had  been  ordered  to 
pull  them  down  and,  presumably,  to  rebuild 
them.  In  this  document  he  good-humouredlv 
relates  his  troubles,  and  purports  to  bequeath 
his  chambers  to  the  Inn,  including 

Woodhouse,  coalhouse  and  Golgotha 
Wherein  my  corps  with  theyrs  to  lay 
All  which  may  last  till  y'Last  Day. 
From  which  it  may  be  reasonably*  inferred 
that  he  himself    had    the    tablet  with   the 


The  same  paper  concludes  as  follows  :— 
AmJ  fco  Adorn  their  Library 
And  tell  y»  how  to  live  and  die 
Jurisprudent  Counsells  give  I 
Jocosely  yet  Relligiously 
*or  which  consult  their  Archivi 
-tor  ye  printed  works  of 

MARK  HILSLY. 

Ren-ed  T°>  a  sma11   vol 
Relhgio    Jurisprudents  ;    or,    A 


Lawyer's  Advice  to  his  Son,  by  Philanthropus. 
London,  1684,"  and  is  still  in  the  library. 

I  have  failed  to  discover  his  burial-place. 
There  is  no  mention  of  his  name  in  the 
registers  at  Kingston-on-Thames,  nor  have  I 
been  able  to  find  his  will  at  Somerset  House. 
His  father's  will  is  recorded  there ;  and  the 
registers  at  Hackney  show  that  the  Alderman 
was  buried  in  that  churchyard  on  5  January, 
1660,  and  his  wife  "  Dorithi "  on  8  December, 
1659,  less  than  a  month  earlier. 

ALAN  STEWAET. 
7,  New  Square,  Lincoln's  Inn. 

LATE  INTELLECTUAL  HARVEST  (10th  S.  i.  469). 
— Robert  Louis  Stevenson  is  one  of  the  most 
remarkable  exemplars  of  slow  development  of 
genius.  He  appears  to  have  been  an  entire 
disappointment  to  his  tutors,  only  to  blossom 
out  later  into  one  of  the  most  polished 
essayists  of  his  time.  WILLIAM  JAGGAED. 

139,  Canning  Street,  Liverpool. 

Several  instances  of  distinguished  men  who 
were  by  no  means  notable  at  school  are  given 
in  'The  Curse  of  Education,'  by  Harold  E. 
Gorst.  Darwin  is,  perhaps,  the  most  striking 
instance.  HIPPOCLIDES. 

Moses  Maimonides  (so  the  story  runs) 
showed  no  promise  whatever  till  about  his 
fifteenth  year.  At  twelve  he  was  a  very  dull 
boy  and  the  despair  of  his  father,  a  lamdan 
mupklag,  or  distinguished  scholar.  What  he 
ultimately  became  for  his  race  and  his  own  age 
is  summed  up  in  contemporary  eulogy  thus  : 
'  From  the  death  of  Moses  (the  lawgiver) 
until  the  birth  of  Moses  (the  expounder) 
}here  never  was  such  a  Moses."  He  blended 
the  encyclopaedic  learning  of  Rabbeynu  Tarn 
with  the  dialectical  brilliancy  of  Ibn  Ezra, 
and  was  a  great  physician  as  well.  This  year 
s  the  seven  hundredth  anniversary  of  the 
death  of  our  greatest  Spanish  scholar,  who 
was  born  in  Cordova,  whence  your  corre- 
spondent takes  his  name. 

M.  L.  R.  BEESLAE. 
South  Hackney. 

FLESH  AND  SHAMBLE  MEATS  (10th  S.  i.  68, 
293,  394).— This  may  settle  the  question.    In 
Wright's  '  English  Dialect  Dictionary,'  under 
he  word  *  Shamble,'  is  added  :— 
"  Shamble-meat  /—meaning  butcher's  meat ;  fresh 
meat,  as  distinct  from  salted. 
"  Dev.  1  mind  the  time  when  old  people  said, 
It 's  more  'n  a  month  since  we  had  any  shammel- 
iate.'— *  Reports  Province,'  1891." 

S. 

ME.  JANES,  OF  ABEEDEENSHIEE  (9th  S.  xi. 
48).— With  reference  to  a  "  Mr.  Janes  of 
^berdeenshire,  a  naturalist,"  whom  Johnson 


ID*  s.  n.  JULY  IB,  ISM.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


55 


and  Boswell  met  in  Skye  in  September,  1773 
(Boswell's  'Johnson,'  ed.  Birkbeck  Hill,  v. 
149,  163),  it  was  suggested,  I  think,  that 
*  Janes"  might  be  a  misprint  for  Innes,  a 
common  Aberdeenshire  name,  and  that  John 
Innes,  the  well-known  anatomist,  was  the 
tnan.  It  seems,  however,  very  possible  that 
the  following  passage  from  Gough's  '  British 
Topography '  (ed.  1780,  ii.  634)  may  supply 
the  clue,  especially  when  we  take  into  con- 
sideration the  fact  that  Johnson,  who  also 
mentions  meeting  "  Mr.  Janes  "  ('  A.  Journey 
to  the  Western  Islands  of  Scotland,'  '  Works,' 
ed.  1825,  ix.  45),  describes  him  as  a  "  fossilist." 
Gough's  reference  runs  thus  : — 

"John  Jeans,  of  Aberdeen,  a  great  adept  in  the 
mineral  kingdom,  remarkable  for  his  travelling 
over  all  this  country  annually  on  foot,  composed 
very  sensible  'General  directions  for  discovering 
metals,  minerals,  gems,  &c.,'  describing  by  the 
oolour  of  the  earth  and  springs  in  Scotland  where 
these  may  probably  be  found.  Were  this  essay 
€nlarged  ana  printed,  these  inquiries  might  lead  to 
the  public  good." 

I  hazard  the  suggestion  that  "  Jeans  "  might 
be  pronounced  so  as  to  sound  like  "  Janes." 
There  is  no  mention  of  Jeans  in  the  first 
edition  of  Gough's '  British  Tppography,'  1768. 
After  a  rather  diligent  search  I  have  failed 
to  discover  any  published  work  or  paper  of 
John  Jeans,  and  all  efforts  to  find  any  further 
mention  of  him,  either  as  Jeans  or  Janes, 
have  proved  fruitless.  Yet  "  Mr.  Janes,"  a 
native  of  Aberdeenshire,  a  "naturalist"  or 
*'  fossilist,"  was  of  sufficient  importance  to 
have  been  with  James  Ferguson,  the  astro- 
nomer, at  Dr.  Johnson's  in  London  in  1769 
{Boswell's  '  Johnson,'  ii.  99  ;  v.  149).  Can 
you  or  any  of  your  readers  throw  any  further 
light  on  this  somewhat  misty  personage  1 
H.  SPENCER  SCOTT. 

THE  VAGHNATCH,  OR  TIGER-CLAW  WEAPON 
(10th  S.  i.  408).— Sivaji's  dagger  now  rests  in 
the  South  Kensington  Museum.  See  Lord 
Egerton's  'A  Description  of  Indian  and 
Oriental  Armour,'  1896,  No.  476,  p.  115,  an 
illustration  on  plate  xv.  M.  J.  D.  COCKLE. 

Solan,  Punjab. 

BYRONIANA  (10th  S.  i.  488).— The  '  Sequel 
to  Don  Juan '  is  by  G.  W.  M.  Reynolds,  the 
author  of  'The  Mysteries  of  London.'  If 
W.  B.  H.  will  compare  the  lines— I  quote  from 
memory— beginning 

'Twas  midnight,  and  the  beam  of  Cynthia  shone, 
with  some  to  be  found  in  the  first  volume  of 
the  first  series  of  '  M.  of  L.,'  he  will,  I  think, 
be  convinced.  P.  J.  F.  GANTILLON. 

"SAL  ET  SALIVA"  (10th  S.  i.  368,  431,  514). 
— I  may  perhaps  be  permitted  to  say  there 


is  a  good  deal  on  the  subject  in  my  'Folk- 
Medicine  :  a  Chapter  on  the  History  of  Cul- 
ture,' London,  1883. 

WILLIAM  GEORGE  BLACK. 
Dowanhill  (hardens,  Glasgow. 

At  the  famous  salt  mines  of  Cardona  in 
Catalufia,  the  property  of  the  Duke  of  Medina 
Sidonia,  one  sees,  among  other  ornaments 
and  curiosities  that  are  carved  out  of  the 
mineral,  salt  sticks  in  the  shape  of  a  small 
obelisk.  These  are  exported  for  use  in  the 
Catholic  rite  of  baptism,  when  their  crystal 
tip  is  inserted  in  the  lips  of  the  christened. 

E.  S.  DODGSON. 

DAUGHTERS  OF  JAMES  I.  OF  SCOTLAND  (10th 
S.  i.  507).— On  comparing  Wood's  edition  of 
Sir  Robert  Douglas's  'Peerage  of  Scotland' 
(1813)  with  the  'D.N.B.,'  I  arrive  at  the 
following  list  :— 

1.  Margaret  (1424-45),  married  the  Dauphin 
of  France  (after  her  death  Louis  XL),  and 
died  without  issue. 

2  Elizabeth  or  Isabel,  betrothed  in  1441 
to  Francis,  Count  of  Montfort,  whom  she 
married  the  next  year,  when  he  had  become 
by  his  father's  death  Duke  of  Bretagne ;  she 
was  alive  in  1494,  and  had  two  daughters, 
viz.,  Margaret,  who  marrying  her  cousin, 
Francis  II.,  Duke  of  Bretagne,  died  without 
issue  in  1469,  and  Marie,  who,  marrying  (in 
the  same  year  as  her  sister,  1455)  John, 
Viscount  de  Rohan,  left  issue. 

3.  Alexander  and   James,   twins,   born   at 
Holyrood  House,  16  October,  1430,  of  whom 
the  former  died  young,  and  the  latter  suc- 
ceeded  his   father    as    James  II.      He  was 
descended    from    both    Robert    Bruce    and 
Edward  I.  of  England. 

4.  Joan  or  Janet,   who,    although    dumb, 
married  James  Douglas,  Lord  Dalkeith.    I  he 
Livingstons,    Viscounts    of    Kilsyth,     were 
apparently    descended     from     this    James 
Douglas,  "  the  King's  brother." 

5.  Eleanor,    married    in    1449    Archduke 
Sigismund  of  Austria,  the  German  Maecenas, 
without  issue. 

6.  Mary,  who  while  still  a  child  was  married 
in   1444  to  Wolfram  von  Borselen,  Lord    of 
Camp-Vere  in  Zealand,  ^and,  in  right  of  his 
wife,  Earl  of  Buchan  in  Scotland. 

7.  Annabella,  betrothed  in  1444  to  Philip, 
Count  of  Geneva,  second   son  of  Amadeus, 
Duke  of  Savoy,  the  anti-pope  Felix  of  the 
Council  of  Basle,  but  married  George  Gordon, 
second  Earl  of  Huntly,  by  whom  she  had  tour 
sons  and   six    daughters.      Her  eldest  son, 
Alexander,  was  third  earl ;  her  second,  Adam, 
ancestor  of  the  Earls  and  Dukes  of  Suther- 
land ;  her  third,  William,  ancestor  of  George 


56 


NOTES  %AND  QUERIES.      [io<h  s.  n.  JULY  10,  im. 


Gordon,  sixth  Lord  Byron,  the  poet;  her 
fourth,  James,  was  admiral  of  the  fleet.  Her 
eldest  daughter,  Katherine,  "  the  White 
Kose,"  was  wife  of  Perkin  Warbeck,  the 
Pretender,  and  later  of  Sir  Matthew  Cradock, 
ancestor  of  the  Earls  of  Pembroke. 

A.  K.  BAYLEY. 

HELGA  will  find  all  that  is  known 
about  Princess  Joan  of  Scotland  in  the 
'  Exchequer  Kolls  of  Scotland,'  yol  v.  p.  Ixix, 
note.  The  late  Mr.  Alexander  Sinclair  issued 
a  pamphlet,  privately  printed,  identifying 
Joan  as  the  muta  domina,  who  married 
James  Douglas,  third  Lord  Dalkeith,  in 
1458,  Dalkeith  being  created  Earl  of  Morton 
on  the  occasion.  There  is  no  contemporary 
authority  for  the  lady's  infirmity  ;  but  in 
1562  Hugh,  third  Earl  of  Eglinton,  brought 
a  process  of  divorce  against  Joanna  Hamilton, 
his  countess,  on  the  plea  of  consanguinity, 
their  common  ancestress  being  the  Countess 
of  Morton,  known  as  inuta  domina.  The 
proceedings  are  preserved  among  the  Eglinton 
charters,  with  the  following  pedigree  :  — 


Muta  Domina. 


Earl     of 


John,      2nd 
Morton. 


James,  3rd  Earl  of 
Morton. 

Margaret  Douglas,  mar- 
ried James,  Lord 
Hamilton. 

Joanna  Hamilton, 
Countess  of  Eglinton. 


Joanna,     Countess     of 
Bothwell. 

Margaret         Hepburn, 
Lady  Seton. 

Mariot  Seton,  Countess 
of  Eglinton. 

Hugh,     3rd     Earl     of 
Eglinton. 

HERBERT  MAXWELL. 
.  See  Sir  J.  B.  Paul's  'The  Scots  Peerage,' 
i.  176,  and  Cokayne's  'Complete  Peerage,' 
i.  97,  iv.  295,  v.  381,  from  which  authorities 
it  appears  that  Joan  was  third  daughter  of 
James  I.  ;  that  she  was  betrothed  to  James 
Douglas,  third  Earl  of  Angus,  in  1444,  but  never 
married  him,  and  that  she  married  James 
Douglas,  first  Earl  of  Morton,  about  1456  or 
1458  ;  and  also  that  the  daughter  married  to 
(aeorge  Gordon,  second  Earl  of  Huntly,  was 
Annabel.  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

[Reply  also  from  MR.  A.  HALL.] 


ISLAND  NAMES  (10th  S.  i.  387,492).— 
TTuA  B.  SAVAGE  says  that  Col  vac  (properly 
Colbhacn)  is  not  a  Manx  name  at  all.  and 
does  not  occur  in  Moore's  'Surnames  and 
Place-names/  ^  This  is  fairly  common  as  a 
Gaelic  Christian  name,  now  equated  in 
English  with  Charles,  like  two  or  three 


As  the  same  class  of  names  were  common 
to  all  Gaelic-speaking  peoples,  it  is  difficult 
to  understand  how  this  one  should  be- 
excluded  from  the  Isle  of  Man  during  the 
Gaelic  period,  when  all  (or  mostly  all)  other 
Irish  names  were  in  common  use  there.  All 
Gaelic  names  did  not  originate  surnames,, 
and  it  is  thought  this  is  one  of  them,  which, 
if  true,  would  account  for  its  absence  from- 
Mr.  Moore's  valuable  work.  The  surname 
Colvey  has,  however,  with  some  show  of 

Erobability,    been    thought    to    be    derived 
'om  it. 

Another  puzzling  name  on  Walney  Island 
is  "Creepa  Close,"  "Creepa  _Marsh,"  &c. 
Could  this  have  for  origin  kr~ip  —  to  drag 
or  grapple  for  contraband  kegs,  sunk  by 
smugglers,  used  in  Northumberland,  Dur- 
ham, Yorks,  and  also  in  some  of  the  southern 
counties  1 

"They'll  string  the  tubs  to  a  stray  line  and' 
sink  'em,  and  then  when  they  have  a  chance 
they'll  go  to  creep  for 'era." 

J.  ROGERS. 
187,  Abbey  Road,  Barrow-in-Furness. 

COPERNICUS  AND  THE  PLANET  MERCURY 
(10th  S.  i.  509).— There  is  no  sufficient  reason 
for  thinking  that  Copernicus  never  saw 
Mercury.  See  the  question  fully  discussed 
by  the  undersigned  in  vol.  xv.  (p.  321)  of 
the  Observatory  (for  August,  1892).  When 
the  statement  in  question  is  made  in  books, 
the  alleged  failure  is  generally  attributed 
to  the  fogs  of  the  Vistula,  in  forgetfulness 
of  the  fact  that  Copernicus  spent  several 
years  of  the  earlier  part  of  his  working  life 
in  Italy.  W.  T.  LYNN. 

Blackheath. 

ALAKE  (10th  S.  i.  468,  512).-!  do  not  quite 
follow  the  details.  Given  "  Ake"  as  a  place- 
name,  with  "  Al "  as  prefix,  is  al  the  Semitic 
article,  as  we  say  The  O'Neill,  &c.  1  A.  H. 

PRESCRIPTIONS  (10th  S.  i.  409,  453).— In 
thanking  your  correspondents  for  their 
replies,  may  I  put  another  question?  In 
Collier's  'Celsus,3  second  edition  (1831),  there 
are  four  plates,  one  of  which  consists  of 
twenty -four  "numbers."  There  are  signs  or 
groups  of  signs,  and  among  them  appear 
those  of  the  scruple  and  drachm.  No  refer- 
ence to  this  plate  appears  to  be  contained  in 
the  letterpress,  and  I  should  be  glad  if  any 
one  could  help  me  to  an  explanation. 

HOLCOMBE  INGLEBY. 

"AMONG  OTHERS"  (10th  S.  i.  487).— I  cannot 
at  all  follow  W.  C.  B.  in  his  objection  to  this. 
Surely  inter  alia  is  good,  or  at  least  current, 
Latin.  With  others  seems  to  me  to  stand  in. 


io-8.ii.JrLYi6.i9w.)        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


57 


precisely  the  same  position,  neither  better 
nor  worse.  Is  not  that  correct  which  is 
usual  and  clear  1  Who  can  miss  the  meaning 
of  among  others  ?  T.  WILSON. 

Harpenden. 

ANTWERP  CATHEDRAL  (10th  S.  i.  508).— Has 
Lucis  consulted  Weingiirtner's  *  System  des 
ohristl.  Turmbaues,'  Gottingen,  1860  ?  I  have 
not  myself  got  this  book,  and  take  the 
reference  from  the  valuable  'Kirchliche 
Kunstaltertiimer  in  Deutschknd '  of  Dr. 
Heinrich  Bergner  (now  being  published  in 
parts  at  Leipzig)  at  p.  73.  See  also  the 
authorities  quoted  on  p.  37. 

WILLIAM  GEORGE  BLACK. 

Dowanhill  Gardens,  Glasgow. 

KING  JOHN'S  CHARTERS  (10th  S.  i.  469,  512). 
— Could  John  have  been  at  Vaudreuil  (Vallis 
Rodolii)  at  the  required  date  ?  At  Vaudreuil 
<Eure)  he  lay  several  times,  notably  in  1203, 
when  he  dismantled  Pont-de-1'Arche,  a  few 
miles  away.  It  was  in  the  castle  of  Vaudreuil 
that  William  the  Conqueror  had  been  housed 
when  taken  away  from  his  mother,  and  here 
an  attempt  was  made  to  "burn  him  in." 
From  Vaudreuil  came  the  archers,  uki  estoient 
de  grand  orgoel,"  who  (together  with  those 
of  Breteuil-sur-Iton,  not  far  off)  did  much  to 
decide  the  day  of  Hastings. 

HALLIDAY  SPARLING. 

Paris. 

'  WILHELM  MEISTER'  (10th  S.  i.  489).— 

1.  '  Wilhelm  Meister,'  Traduction  Complete 
et    Nouvelle,   par    Mme.   A.    de    Carlowitz, 
2  vols.,  1843. 

2.  Traduction  Complete  et  Nouvelle,  par 
The'ophile  Gautier  fils,  2  vols.,  1861. 

3.  Traduction    Nouvelle,    par    J.    Porchat 
(*  Les  Annees  de  Voyage  de  Wilhelm  Meister,' 
Vol.  VII.  des  CEuvres  de  Goethe,  translated 
in  10  vols.,  1860-3).  H.  KREBS. 

"HUMANUM  EST  ERRARE "    (10th    S.    i.    389, 

512).— I  am  much  obliged  to  MR.  SONNEN- 
SCHEIN for  his  very  interesting  answer  to  my 
-query  as  to  the  source  of  this  phrase  Since 
writing  the  query,  however,  I  have  learned 
that  an  edition  of  Bartlett's '  Quotations '  later 
than  that  which  I  had  seen  gives  a  reference 
to  Plutarch  adv.  Coloten.  The  passage  is 
in  ch.  31  andjuns  as  foltows^:  TO  fj.lv  ^yap 
•afj.apTa.veiv  Trept  86£av,  et  KOL  fifi  <ro<f>tov,  o/xws 
avOpwTTivov  €<w.  It  is  possible,  therefore,  that 
the  Latin  phrase  comes  from  an  early  trans- 
lation of  Plutarch  (that  of  Stephanus  ap- 
peared in  1572).  I  can,  however,  supply  an 
earlier  instance  of  the  pkrase  than  that  which 
MR.  SONNENSCHEIN  gives  from  the  year  1745 
(in  which,  moreover,  the  order  of  words  is 


different),  for  in  Farnaby's  commentary  on 
Terence,  'Ad.,'  IV.  ii.  40,  published  in  1651, 
occur  the  words  "  Humanum  est  errare,"  and 
they  are  introduced  in  such  a  way  as  to  imply 
that  the  phrase  was  a  stock  one  at  the  time 
(I  take  the  reference  from  the '  Notse  Vari- 
orum '  appended  to  the  Delphin  text). 

The  reference  to  Severus  for  which  MR. 
SONNENSCHEIN  asks  is  Ep.  i.  20,  and  the 
literal  rendering  of  the  Syriac  is  u  For  that 
a  man  should  sin  is  human."  The  word  for 
"a  man"  is,  however,  an  indefinite  one, 
which  would  represent  not  avOpuTros,  but  TIS, 
if  it  represents  any  Greek  word,  and  we  may 
therefore  fairly  presume  that  Severus  wrote 
TO  yap  d/xapTai/eii/  (riva)  avdpuirivov  eori, 
but  the  double  meaning  of  a/xapTavciv  is  not 
shared  by  its  Syriac  equivalent. 

E.  W.  B. 

HUGO'S  '  LES  ABEILLES  IMPERIALES  '  (10th  S. 
i.  348,  391).— It  may  interest  your  corre- 
spondent to  know  that  English  translations 
of  the  poem  *  Le  Manteau  Imperial '  appear 
in  the  following  (entitled  in  each  case  *  The 
Imperial  Mantle'):  'Translations  from  the 
Poems  of  Victor  Hugo,'  by  Henry  Carring- 
ton  (Walter  Scott,  1887,  second  ed.),  and 
'Hugo's  Lyrical  Poems,'  by  H.  L.  Williams 
("Bonn's  Standard  Library,"  1887  ed.). 

EDWARD  LATHAM. 

EPITAPHS  :  THEIR  BIBLIOGRAPHY  (10th  S.  i. 
44,  173,  217,  252,  334).  —  The  following  are 
additions  :— 

A  Collection  of  Epitaphs  and  Monumental  In- 
scriptions, Ancient  and  Modern.  London :  Printed 
for  G.  &  W.  B.  Whittaker,  &c.,  1822.  (Printed  by 
C.  Thurnam,  Carlisle.) 

The  Scotch  Haggis ;  consisting  of  Anecdotes, 
Jests,  Curious  and  Rare  Articles  of  Literature : 
with  a  Collection  of  Epitaphs  and  Inscriptions, 
Original  and  Selected.  Edinburgh,  D.  Webster  & 
Son,  1822,  pp.  221-304. 

Elegant  Extracts Poetry,  Book  IV.,  pp.  811- 

872,  Epigrams,  Epitaphs,  and  other  Little  Pieces. — 
No  date  ;  about  1800  ? 

The  Peerage  of  England by  Arthur  Collins. 

Fourth  Edition,  1768. 

The  English  Baronetage 1741. 

The  bibliography  of  epitaphs,  compiled  by 
W.  G.  B.  Page,  appended  to  *  Curious  Epi- 
taphs,' by  W.  Andrews,  1883  (see  10th  S.  i.  217), 
does  not  appear  in  the  1899  edition. 

ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

MAY  MONUMENT  (10th  S.  i.  449,  497).— I  am 
much  obliged   to  E.  H.  W.  D.  for  his  infor- 
mation on  this  subject.    I  rather  suspected 
that    something    of    the    kind    must    have 
happened,  and  though  I  do  not  know  who 
was  responsible  for  ourying  the  monument, 
i  I  must  say  that  it  seems  to  me  to  have  been 
!  a  strangely  ungracious  as  well  as  improper 


58 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [10*  s.  n.  JULY  IG,  UN. 


proceeding.  Possibly  there  may  be  some 
explanation.  Midlavant  Church  was,  I 
believe,  rebuilt  by  the  Mays  somewhere 
about  1700  (see  Horsfield's  *  History  of  Sussex ' 
and  elsewhere),  but  the  monument  was  not 
put  out  of  the  way  then.  J.  G.  M. 

THOMAS  NEALE  :  "  HERBERLEY  "  (10th  S.  i. 
509).— There  seems  to  be  cause  for  suggesting 
that  Thomas  Neale,  the  Regius  Professor 
of  Hebrew  at  Oxford  1559-69  (Hardy's  *Le 
N"eve,'  in.  514),  has  sometimes  been  confused 
with  a  namesake.  According  to  a  statement 
in  Wood's  *  Athense  Oxon.,'  i.  576  (edition  by 
Bliss),  he  was  rector  of  Thenford,  Northants, 
in  1556,  and  the  '  D.N.B.'  (xl.  136)  apparently 
adopts  this  statement,  but  with  the  caution 
that  Neale's  name  does  not  occur  in  the 
Thenford  registers.  Now,  if  *  Valor  Ecclesi- 
asticus,'  iv.  336,  may  be  trusted,  a  Thomas 
Nelle  was  rector  of  Thenford  in  1535,  when 
the  future  professor  was  still  a  scholar  at 
Winchester,"  and  was  presumably  a  distinct 
person  ;  and  the  only  compositions  for  first- 
fruits  of  the  rectory  between  1535  and  1607, 
which  are  mentioned  in  the  index  to  the 
Composition  Books  at  the  Record  Office,  are 
these  :— 

Thomas  Payne,  18  July,  1  Eliz.  (1559). 

Laurence  Boole,  3  May,  9  Eliz.  (1567). 

William  Osborne,  18  July,  4  Jac.  (1606). 

It  seems,  therefore,  not  altogether  unlikely 
that  Wood,  or  some  earlier  writer  whom 
Wood  copied,  in  making  the  professor  rector 
of  Thenford,  confused  him  with  a  namesake. 
MR.  WAINEWRIGHT'S  query  leads  me  to 
inquire  whether  Thomas  Nelle,  the  rector 
mentioned  in  '  Valor  Ecclesiasticus,'  remained 
rector  of  Thenford  until  the  beginning  of 
Elizabeth's  reign ;  and,  if  so,  whether  he 
then  died  or,  being  deprived,  went  into  exile 
abroad.  H.  C. 

TOPOGRAPHY  OF  ANCIENT  LONDON  (9th  S. 
xii.  429;  10th  S.  i.  70,  295,  457,  517).— MR. 
DODGSON  might  with  some  prospect  of  success 
examine  the  records  of  the  extinct  French 
Huguenot  churches,  which,  about  the  year 
1842,  were  brought  to  light  by  the  Royal 
Commission  appointed,  under  the  powers  of 
the  new  Registration  Act,  to  collect  the  non- 
parochial  registers  of  baptisms,  marriages, 
and  burials.  These  records  were  collected 
and  placed  in  the  custody  of  the  Registrar- 
General  at  Somerset  House,  where  they  now 
are,  and  a  careful  examination  of  them  by 
Mr.  J.  Southerden  Burn,  secretary  to  the 
commission,  resulted  in  the  publication  of 
the  greater  part  of  them  in  his  '  History  of 
the  French  Refugees  settled  in  England,' 
1846.  See  also  D.  C.  A.  Agnew's  *  Protestant 


Exiles  from  France';  Emile  Haag's  'La 
France  Protestante,'  1877  ;  *  The  Huguenots,' 
by  Samuel  Smiles,  1867;  'A  List  of  Foreign 
Protestants  and  Aliens  in  England,  1618-83,' 
edited  by  Wm.  Durrant  Cooper,  F.S.A.,  1862  ;. 
and  'Memoire  pour  servir  a  1'Histoire  des 
Refugies  Frangais  dans  les  Etats  du  Roi,' 
1782-99,  by  J.  P.  Erman  and  P.  C.  F.  Reclam. 
Possibly  also  the  French  Hospital  authorities 
at  Victoria  Park  could  afford  the  desired 
information.  This  hospital  was  removed  in 
the  sixties  of  last  century  from  Old  Street, 
St.  Luke's. 

There  was  a  Gillam  Durt,  who  was  born  in 
France,  in  Pont,  under  the  French  king,  who 
was  a  resident  in  the  Ward  of  Aldgate  in 
1618  ('  List  of  Foreign  Protestants  and  Aliens 
in  England,  1618-88,'  edited  by  Wm.  Durrant 
Cooper,  F.S.A.,  1862). 

J.   HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

GABORIAU'S  'MARQUIS  D'ANGIVAL'  (10th  S.  i. 
428). — There  does  not  appear  to  be  any  novel 
of  Gaboriau  bearing  this  title,  but  who  says 
there  is  1  Ruskin  does  not,  so  far  as  I  can 
ascertain.  So  as  to  "  start  fair,"  I  have 
referred  to  vol.  ii.  of  'On  the  Old  Road' 
(G.  Allen,  1885),  and  find  in  part  i.  of  'Fiction 
Fair  and  Foul '  (p.  19)  a  mention  of  Gaboriau's 
'Crime  d'Orcival,'  which  is  the  correct  title 
of  one  of  Gaboriau's  novels.*  On  the  follow- 
ing page  Ruskin  refers  to  the  "Vicomte 
d'Orcival,"  but  I  do  not  know  who  this 
personage  can  be ;  probably  it  is  an  error 
but  I  am  not  sure.t 

While  on  the  subject  of  Gaboriau's  detec- 
tive stories,  may  I  say  that,  in  my  opinion 
for  dramatic  intensity  and  enthralling 
interest,  'Le  Crime  d'Orcival'  is  "not  a 
patch "  upon  the  same  author's  '  L'Affaire 
Lerouge '  and  '  Monsieur  Lecoq '  1  I  fancy 
that  Ruskin  could  not  have  read  either  of 
these,  or  he  would  have  mentioned  it  instead 
of 'Le  Crime  d'Orcival.' 

EDWARD  LATHAM. 

LANCASHIRE  TOAST  (10th  S.  ii.  10).— In  York- 
shire this  is  considered  as  a  typically  York- 
shire toast,  and  is  thought  to  be  extremely 
old — so  old  as  to  prevent  any  chance  of 
finding  the  author.  It  is  generally  given  by 
cricket  and  football  clubs,  and,  as  I  have 
always  heard  it,  is  more  concise  than  your 
correspondent's  version,  and  has  a  different 


*  An  English  version,  called  'The  Mystery  of 
Orcival,'  is  published  at  Qd.  by  Routledge  &  Sons, 
In  the  same  series  is  a  translation  of  'L'Affaire 
Lerouge,'  called  '  The  Widow  Lerouge.' 

f  Does  not  this  emphasize  the  importance  of 
Dr.  Routh's  advice  to  "  verify  your  references  "  ? 
I  always  add,  "  and  your  quotations,  too." 


ws.ii.jLM.vic.im]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


59 


turn  of  the  last  line,  which  is  an  essential 
point  of  the  whole  thing,  and  which  gives 
the  flavour  of  Yorkshire  humour.  It  runs  :— 

Here  's  to  all  on  us, 
May  we  ne'er  want  nowt  :  noan  on  us. 
Nor  me,  nawther. 

There  is  a  much  more  comprehensive  ver- 
sion, if  it  should  not  be  considered  a  different 
toast,  in  which  the  proposer  stands,  and 
says  :— 

Nah,  then,  hey  ye  all  filled  yer  pots  an'  mugs? 
Here's  to  t'  King  an'  Queen,  an'  all  their  folk. 
An1  here  's  to  t'  owd  chap  [the  host]  an  all  his  folk. 
An'  here  's  to  all  ye,  an'  all  ya'r  folk. 
An'  here  's  to  me,  an'  all  my  folk. 
An'  me  an'  all  [also]. 

It  would  be  interesting  to  know  the  spread 
of  these  and  other  old  toasts  which  are  said 
to  be  local,  especially  if  the  evidence  could 
be  carried  back  fifty  years  or  so. 

H.  SNOWDEN  WARD. 
Hadlow,  Kent. 

FAIR  MAID  OF  KENT  (10th  S.  i.  289,  374).— 
I  am  much  obliged  for  MR.  BAYLEY'S  answer 
to  my  query  about  the  descendants  of  Joan, 
the  Fair  Maid  of  Kent.  I  should  be  grateful 
if  he,  or  any  other  contributor  to  *  N.  &  Q.,' 
could  tell  me  where  I  could  find  particulars 
as  to  any  children  of  her  daughters,  Joan, 
Duchess  of  Brittany,  and  Maude,  Countess 
of  St.  Pol.  HELGA. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

A  Later  Pepys  :  the  Correspondence  of  Sir  William 
Welter  Pepy*.  Bart.,  Master  in  Chancery.  Edited 
by  Alice  C.  G.  Gaussen.  2  vols.  (Lane.) 
"A  LATER  Pepys"  Sir  William  Weller  Pepys  un- 
questionably was,  and  it  would  be  absurd  to  dream 
of  calling  the  title  of  the  work  now  issued  a  mis- 
nomer. Misleading,  however,  it  so  far  is  that 
those  will  be  disappointed  who  dream  of  finding 
in  the  new  Pepys  any  trace  or  suggestion  of  the 
old.  In  addition  to  their  claims,  which  are  con- 
siderable, to  genealogical  interest,  the  contents  of 
the  two  volumes  cast  some  light  upon  literary 
history.  Miss  (?)  Gaussen,  by  whom  the  somewhat 
laborious  task  of  editing  the  letters  has  been 
accomplished,  is  a  descendant  of  the  closely  asso- 
ciated families  of  Pepys  and  Franks,  with  whom 
she  has  to  deal,  many  of  the  letters  she  now  pub- 
lishes being  from  the  collection  of  Sir  Augustus 
Wollaston  Franks,  a  former  and  well  -remem- 
bered president  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries. 
Abundant  material  has  been  supplied  her,  and 
has  been  treated  by  one  with  much  knowledge  and 
reverence.  Sir  William  Weller  Pepys,  the  special 
subject  of  her  work,  she  looks  upon  as  the  third 
distinguished  member  of  the  family,  the  first  in 
order  of  time  being  Sir  Richard  Pepys,  in  1655  Lord 
Chief  Justice  of  Ireland,  and  in  order  of  celebrity 
Samuel  Pepys,  the  diarist.  It  is  pardonable,  per- 
haps even  commendable,  in  a  gentlewoman  to  fail 


in  grasping  the  real  greatness  of  Samuel  Pepys. 
What  is  said  concerning  him  is  at  least  inadequate. 
It  is  otherwise  with  Sir  William,  whose  character 
seems  to  have  been  beyond  reproach.  So  far  as  we 
trace  him  in  literature,  he  seems  chiefly  remarkable 
for  the  brutal  attack  made  upon  him  by  Dr.  John- 
son, whose  wrath  he  had  incurred  by  failing  to- 
appreciate  his  'Life  of  Lyttelton.'  Miss  Burney 
gives  an  animated  account  of  a  scene  at  a  dinner 
at  the  Thrales'  at  Streatham :  "I  never  saw  Dr. 
Johnson  really  in  a  passion  but  then  ;  and  dreadful 
indeed  it  was  to  see.  I  wished  myself  away  a 
thousand  times.  It  was  a  frightful  scene.  He  so- 
red, poor  Mr.  Pepys  so  pale  "  (see  Boswell,  ed.  Hill, 
iv.  65,  note).  Johnson  on  another  occasion  rebuked 
Mrs.  Thrale  for  praising  Pepys  overmuch  :  "Now 
there  is  Pepys ;  you  praised  that  man  with  such 
disproportion  that  1  was  incited  to  lessen  him, 
perhaps  more  than  he  deserves.  His  blood  is  upon- 
your  head"  (ibid.,  iv.  82;  also  the  present  work, 
i.  125).  Subsequently  Johnson  made  it  up  and 
treated  his  former  antagonist  with  more  considera- 
tion than  he  often  exhibited.  Much  similar  matter 
is  narrated  in  these  volumes  and  constitutes 
very  entertaining  reading.  Pepys  was  mixed  up 
with  blue-stocking  society,  and  his  intimates  in- 
cluded Mrs.  Montagu,  Mrs.  Chapone,  and  Hannah 
More.  To  his  great  correspondent  Wrilliam  Franks 
he  commends  as  indispensable  the  study  of  Locke, 
telling  him  that  until  this  is  accomplished  he  must 
suspend  all  opinion  about  rights  of  the  people  or 
prerogatives  of  kings.  Hume's^ '  History '  he  con- 
siders a  mere  apology  for  the  Stewarts.  He  was, 
indeed,  as  Sir  Nathaniel  Wraxall  calls  him,  "a- 
staunch  Whig."  A  good  account  is  given  of  the 
origin  and  conduct  of  the  "  Bas  Bleu  "  society,  for 
which  we  must  refer  the  reader  to  chap.  iii.  Some 
excellent  stories  are  told.  One  of  the  best  (from 
Wraxall)  is  that  concerning  Sir  Joseph  Yorke  and 
the  Due  de  Chartres.  As  space  cannot  be  afforded 
for  quotation,  we  can  but  refer  the  reader  to  vol.  ii. 
p.  9.  A  special  feature  in  the  volumes  consists  of 
the  illustrations,  which  are  numerous  and  admir- 
able. The  choice  of  portraits  is  especially  to  be 
commended.  The  work  is  an  indispensable  supple- 
ment to  the '  Genealogy  of  the  Pepys  Family'  of  the 
Hon.  Walter  Courtenay  Pepys,  and  constitutes  a 
valuable  addition  to  any  historical  and  biographical 
library.  It  is  tastefully  and  admirably  got  up. 

Slang  and  its  Analogues,  Past  and  Present.    Com- 

S'led  and  edited  by  John  S.  Farmer  and  W.  E. 
enley.  Vol.  VII.  Part  III.  (Privately  printed.) 
WITH  the  present  part,  our  notice  of  which  has 
been  accidentally  retarded,  the  work  compiled  with 
so  much  industry,  erudition,  and  intelligence  by 
Messrs.  Farmer  and  Henley  is  completed.  We 
have  yet  to  receive  the  covers  for  the  later  volumes, 
and  the  concluding  portions  of  the  revision  of  the 
first  volume  are  still  in  prospect :  but  the  entire 
alphabet  is  finished,  and  the  labour  is  virtually 
complete.  How  much  interest  in  it  is  inspired  we 
are  in  a  condition  to  know,  since  applications  for 
knowledge  where  to  subscribe,  which  we  are  not 
always  in  a  position  to  supply,  still  reach  us  from 
time  to  time.  The  present  portion  extends  from 
U  to  Z.  We  can  but  notice  a  few  things  that  strike 
us  on  perusal,  and  cannot  attempt  anything  in  the 
shape  of  a  survey.  It  is  curious  to  find  the  first 
instance  of  use  of  HW//X'//"//s  as  applied  to  boots 
taken  from  Keats.  Of  well  it  is  said  its  elliptical 
use,  especially  at  the  beginning  of  sentences,  is 


60 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  JULY  IB, 


peculiar  to  American  speech.  Various  shades  of 
meaning  are  conveyed  by  intonation,  prolongation, 
or  abbreviation.  To  tell  your  mother  "  to  chain  ugly 
up  "  as  though  a  bad-tempered  man  was  a  dog,  is, 
or  was,  frequent  advice  in  the  West  Riding.  Uncle 
Sam,  for  America,  though  believed  to  belong  to 
1812,  is  first  traced  in  1835.  "  Uncouth,  unkind, 
is  a  quaint  phrase,  reaching  back  to  Thomas  Hey- 
wood.  Dickens  is  first  cited  for  the  use  of  unmen- 
tionables, the  Globe  for  that  of  unwhisperables  in  the 
same  sense.  He  "up  with"  his  staff  is  found  in 
'Gamelyn'  and  "He  ups  and  tels  him"  in  1608. 
Uppish  appears  in  1704,  and  upper  ten  in  1835.  A 
suit  of  velveteens  is  much  older  than  1885.  Under 
u-ag  should  be  quoted  Garrick's  "  The  wag  of  all 
wags  is  a  Warwickshire  wag,"  i.e.,  Shakespeare. 
We  might  proceed  indefinitely,  for  there  is  scarcely 
a  page  that  does  not  supply  matter  for  conjecture 
or  comment.  For  the  present  we  must  content 
ourselves  with  congratulating  the  surviving  editor 
on  the  conclusion  of  his  work,  and  the  public  on  the 
possession  of  a  dictionary  of  slang  quite  up  to  date, 
and  such  as  no  other  country  can  boast. 

The  Defence  of  Guenevere,  and  other  Poems.  By 
William  Morris.  Edited  by  Robert  Steele.  (Fisher 
Unwin.) 

IN  the  opinion  of  some  lovers  of  poetry,  Morris's 
*  Defence  of  Guenevere ' — the  true  story  of  which  has 
not  yet  been  told,  and  will  probably  now  remain 
buried— has,  in  spite  of  occasional  crudities,  a  larger 
measure  of  inspiration  than  any  of  its  author's  sub- 
sequent work.  It  has  appeared  in  more  than  one 
pretty  and  desirable  shape,  and  notably  in  the  first 
edition,  which  we  are  glad  to  see  on  our  shelves. 
We  are  not  likely  to  forget  our  introduction  to 
the  volume  by  Mr.  Swinburne,  who  read  aloud  in 
inimitable  fashion  *  Rapunzel '  and  other  poems. 
Mr.  Steele's  notes  are  more  to  our  taste  than  his 
introduction. 

Old  Clocks  and  Watches  and^  their  Makers.  By 
F.  J.  Britten.  Second  Edition,  much  enlarged. 
(Batsford.) 

DURING  the  five  years  in  which  it  has  been  before 
the  public  Mr.  Britten's  '  Old  Clocks  and  Watches ' 
•has  attained  a  high  position,  and  is  now  of  un- 
disputed authority  in  regard  to  the  subject  with 
which  it  is  concerned.  On  the  appearance  of  the 
iirst  edition  we  dealt  at  some  length  with  the 
nature  and  the  value  of  the  task  Mr.  Britten  had 
Undertaken  and  on  his  qualifications  for  it  (see  9th 
tS.  iii.  479)-  Since  then  the  work  has  been  close 
to  our  hands  upon  our  shelves,  and  there  has  been 
time  after  time  when  it  -ha>-«nabled  us  to  answer 
directly  a  query  sent  for  insertion.  Not  without 
justification  is  the  work  put  forward  as  much 
enlarged.  The  500  pages  of  the  original  edition  are 
now  swollen  out  to  835,  the  number  of  illustrations 
is  increased  from  371  to  704,  while  the  number  of 
illustrations  by  photography  is  increased  from  117 
to  nearly  400.  Two  thousand  names  have  been 
added  to  the  eight  thousand  first  given.  Consider- 
able portions  of  the  volume  have  been  rewritten, 
notably  the  portion  dealing  with  French  clocks, 
eighty-seven  choice  illustrations  having  been  added, 
many  of  them  from  the  collection  at  Windsor  Castle. 
A  serious  contribution  to  the  utility  of  the  volume 
is  its  division  into  chapters.  The  Soltykoff  and 
the  Schloss  collections,  as  well  as  the  Wallace 
collection  at  Hertford  House,  have  been  open  to  the 
author,  the  result  being  a  large  increase  of  value  and 


interest.  As  regards  the  general  character  of  the 
work  little  is  to  be  added  to  what  has  previously 
been  said.  There  is  no  finality  in  human  effort. 
So  far  as  the  science  and  practice  of  horology  have 
progressed  nothing  seems  capable  of  being  added  to 
what  is  before  us.  If  the  book  reaches,  as  almost 
certainly  it  will,  a  third  and  a  fourth  edition,  some- 
thing more  might  be  said  concerning  sundials, 
although  that  subject  is  fully  treated  in  the  latest 
edition  of  Mrs.  Gatty's  work,  edited  by  Eden  and 
Lloyd.  Few  people  are  probably  aware  how  many 
worthless  modern  dials  are  in  the  market.  We 
congratulate  Mr.  Britten  upon  the  task  he  has 
accomplished  afresh,  and  place  the  new  book  on 
our  shelves  for  constant  reference. 

MR.  PERCY  LINDLEY  has  supplied  his  annual 
Tourist-Guide  to  the  Continent.  It  contains  much 
information  as  to  the  points  easily  reached  by  the 
Great  Eastern  route,  and  is  abundantly  and  happily 
illustrated. 

No.  35  of  the  "Homeland  Handbooks"  gives  a 
pleasantly  illustrated  guide  to  the  Quantock  Hills  : 
their  Combes  and  Villages.  It  is  agreeably  written 
by  Beatrix  F.  Cresswell,  and  contains  an  essay  on 
the  'Folk  of  the  Quantocks'  we  are  glad  to  possess, 
and  an  essay  on  'Stag-Hunting  and  Sport'  with 
which  we  would  gladly  dispense.  The  work,  which 
is  accompanied  by  a  map,  is  issued  by  Messrs. 
George's  Sons,  of  Bristol. 

WE  hear  with  regret  of  the  death  on  8  July,  at 
230,  Evering  Road,  N.E.,  in  his  eighty-second  year, 
of  Mr.  Benjamin  Harris  Cowper,  editor  of  the 
Journal  of  Sacred  Literature,  and  author  of  a  work 
on  the  Apocryphal  Gospels,  &c.  Under  the  initials 
B.  H.  C.  Mr.  Cowper  was  a  contributor  to  our 
columns. 

to 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices  :— 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 

Eut  in  parentheses,   immediately  after  the  exact 
eading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which    they    refer.      Correspondents    who    repeat 
queries    are    requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "  Duplicate." 

C.  E.  HEWITT.— We  have  lost  all  trace  of  the 
gentleman  you  name. 

NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries'"— Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Pub- 
lisher"—at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  E.G. 

We  beg  leave  to  state  that  we  decline  to  return 
communications  which,  for  any  reason,  we  do  not 
print ;  and  to  this  rule  we  can  make  no  exception. 


io'"  s.  ii.  JULY  16,  i9M.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


THE    ATHEN-ffiUM 

JOURNAL  OF  ENGLISH  AND  FOREIGN  LITERATURE,  SCIENCE, 
THE  FINE  ARTS,  MUSIC,  AND  THE  DRAMA. 


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OUR  LIBRARY  TABLE  :— Dar-ul-Islam  ;  Samuel  Butler's  Essays ;   Russia  as  It  Really  Is ;  A  Modern 

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Industry  and  Commerce  ;   The  God  in  the  Garden  ;   Tales  from  J6kai ;   The  ««  Smaller  Classics  "; 

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Proportionnelle  et  les  Partis  Politiques  ;  A  Prayer  Book  in  Wooden  Binding. 
LIST  of  NEW  BOOKS. 
WOLFE  and  GRAY'S  *  ELEGY ';  BEN  JONSON  on  the  SONNET  ;  SIR  HENRY  WOTTON'S  •  STATE 

of  CHRISTENDOM';    The  INCORPORATION  of  the    STATIONERS'  COMPANY  ;    'FATHER 

CLANCY';  MESSRS.  BELL  &  SONS;  SALE. 
LITERARY  GOSSIP. 
SCIENCE  :— The  Northern  Tribes  of  Central  Australia  ;  Le  Tibet ;  Societies  ;  Meetings  Next  Week  ; 

Gossip. 
FINE  ARTS :— Two  Catalogues  ;  G.  P.  Watts  ;  Two  Exhibitions  of  Egyptian  Antiquities  ;  Archaeological 

Cruise  round  Ireland ;  Congress  of  Archaeological  Societies  ;    Karly  Crosses  in  the  High  Peak ; 

Injurious  Ivy  ;  Sales  ;  Gossip. 
MUSIC :— Philharmonic  Concert ;  London  Symphony  Orchestra  Concert ;  Massenet's  «  Salome ';  Gossip  ; 

Performances  Next  Week. 
DRAMA  :— Gossip.  

The  ATHEKffiUM  for  July  2  contains  Articles  on 

GREGOROVIUS  in  ENGLISH.  The  BIBLE  as  LITERATURE. 

The  CAMBRIDGE  HISTORY  of  the  UNITED  STATES.  A  STUDY  of  IRISH  COUNTRY  LIFE. 

The  RELIGION  of  the  UNIVERSE. 

DR.  ROSEDALE  on  EARLY  TURKISH  TRADE  and  ST.  FRANCIS. 

CHINESE  LIFE  and  LETTERS.        THEOLOGICAL  LITERATURE.         SHORT  STORIES. 
OUR  LIBRARY  TABLE  :— Old  Times  and  New  ;  The  Fight  for  Canada ;  Chaucer  in  Modern  English  ; 
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Celts  ;  Thomas  a  Kempis  ;  La  Revolte  de  1'Asie  ;  Motley's  Dutch  Republic. 
LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 
CAMBRIDGE   NOTES  ;  '  MY  FRENCH  FRIENDS  ' ;   '  ROSSETTI  PAPERS ' ;  WOLFE  and  GRAY'S 

'ELKGY';  SALK. 
LITERARY  GOSSIP. 
SCIENCE  :— The  Golden  Trade ;  In  the  King's  County ;  Every  Man  his  own  Gardener  ;  Anthropological 

Notes ;  Societies  ;  Meetings  Next  Week  ;  Gossip. 
FINE  ARTS : — The  Decrees  of  Memphis  and  Canopus  ;  The  Chantrey  Bequest ;  The  National  Gallery  j 

Frederick  Sandys  ;  Archaeological  Notes  ;  Archaeological  Cruise  round  Ireland  ;  Sales  ;  Gossip. 
MUSIC -.—'Carmen' ;    '  Un  Ballo  in  Maschera';  Master  von  Reuter's  Concert;  Music  Exhibition;  An 

Author's  Protest ;  Gossip ;  Performances  Next  Week. 

DRAMA  -.—Life  of  Lope  de  Vega  ;  '  Yvette ' ;  '  La  Bourse  ou  la  Vie ' ;  '  La  Douloureuse  ' ;  '  La  Parisienne  ' ; 
Gossip. 

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HE         EDINBURGH        REVIEW. 

No.  409.  JULY,  1904.  8vo,  6s. 

1.  FRANCE  in  AFRICA. 

2.  The  DIARY  of  SIR  JOHN  MOORE. 

3.  LIFE  in  the  UNIVERSE. 

4.  The  HISTORY  of  MAGIC  during  the  CHRISTIAN  ERA. 

5.  ENGLAND  in  the  MEDITERRANEAN. 

6.  MATTHEW  ARNOLD  and  INSULARITY. 

7.  The  CAMBRIDGE  MODERN  HISTORY. 

8.  The  PATHWAY  to  REALITY. 

9.  SIR  JOHN  DAVIS.  , 

10.  The  LIQUOR  LAWS  and  the  LICENSING  BILL. 

11.  The  RETURN  to  PROTECTION. 


THE      ENGLISH      HISTORICAL      REVIEW. 

No.  75.          JULY.  Royal  8vo,  5s. 

Edited  by  REGINALD  L.  POOLE,  M.A.  Ph.D  , 

Fellow  of  Magdalen  College  and  Lecturer  in  Diplomatic  in  the 

University  of  Oxford. 

Contents. 

1.  Articles. 

The  FARLY  NORMAN   CASTLES  of  ENGLAND.     By  Mrs.  E. 

Armiuge.    Part  II. 
CHARLES  I.  and  the  EAST  INDIA  COMPANY.     By  William 

Footer. 
CLARENDON'S   'HISTORY    of  the    REBELLION.'      By  C.  H. 

Firth.  LL.D.    Part  III. 
FREDERICK  YORK  POWELL.    By  Robert  8.  Rait. 

2.  Kotes  and  Document*. 

Sources  of  the  Early  Patrician  Documents.  By  Prof  Bury,  LL.  D. 
—Robert  Huston's  Poem  on  the  Battle  of  Bannockburn.  Br  the 
Rev  W.  D.  Macray,  D.Lltt.-  Correspondence  of  Humphrey,  Duke 
of  Gloucester,  and  Pier  Candlrto  Decembrlo.  By  Dr.  Mario 
Borsa.— Correspondence  of  Archbishop  Herring  and  Lord  Harcl- 
wlcke  during  the  Revolution  of  1745.  By  R.  Garnett,  C.B.  LL.D.— 
And  others. 

3.  Reviews  of  Books. 

4.  yotires  of  Periodical  PtMicativns. 

LONGMANS,  GREEN  &  CO.  39,  Paternoster  Row,  London,  B.C. 
New  York  and  Bombay. 


NOW  READY,  price  10*.  Od.  net. 

THE      NINTH      SERIES 


G 


INDEX 


E     N     E     R    A     L 

OF 

NOTES      AND      QUERIES. 


•With  Introduction  by  JOSEPH  KNIGHT,  F.8.A. 

Thin  Index  Is  double  the  size  of  previous  ones,  as  It  contains,  in 
addition  to  the  usual  Index  of  Subjects,  the  Name*  and  Pseudonyms 
of  Writers,  with  a  List  of  their  Contributions.  The  number  of 
constant  Contributors  exceeds  eleven  hundred.  The  Publisher  reserves 
the  right  of  Increasing  the  price  of  the  Volume  at  any  time.  The 
number  printed  is  limited,  and  the  type  has  been  distributed. 

Free  by  post,  10*.  lid. 
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Wells. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  JULY  23,  im. 

THE    ATHEN^IUM 

JOURNAL  OF  ENGLISH  AND  FOREIGN  LITERATURE,  SCIENCE, 
THE  FINE  ARTS,  MUSIC,  AND  THE  DRAMA. 

Last  Week's  ATHENJEUM  contains  Articles  on 

TV,     WRITINGS  of  STUBBS.  MAETERLINCK  in  FRENCH  and  ENGLISH. 

Th!  TETTERS  and  SPEECHES  of  CROMWELL.  The  QUEEN'S  QUAIR. 

An  INQUIRY  into  the  FOURTH  GOSPEL.  The  SIEGK  of  QUEBEC. 

NFW  NOVELS:— The  Sovereign  Power;  The  Masqueraders  ;  The  Making  of  a  Man ;  The  Kingdom  of 

Twilight  -How  Tyson  came  Home  ;  Nami-ko  ;  Paulette  d'Esterre  ;  Pride  of  Clav  ;  Ame  d'Argile. 
THEOLOGICAL  LITERATURE.  ANTIQQARIAN  LITERATURE.  TWO  BOOKS  on  FISHING. 
OUR  LIBRARY  TABLE  :— War  and  Neutrality  in  the  Far  East ;  Avril  ;  Ipswich  Marriage  Licenses  ; 

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City  Temple  Sermons ;  The  Passing  of  Arthur  ;  The  First  Edition  of  Pickwick ;  The  Blue  Fox ; 

The  Jungle  Books  in  Spanish  ;  Reprints. 
LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 
TATTRENCE    HUTTON:     'OLD    HENDRIK'S    TALES';     SIR    HENRY    WOTTON'S    'STATE    of 

CHRISTENDOM';   The   INCORPORATION   of  the  STATIONERS'  COMPANY;    'A  WEAVER 

of  WEBS'  ;  SALES. 

ALSO— 

SCIENCE  :— The  Northern  Tribes  of  Central  Australia  ;  Anthropological  Notes  ;  Societies ;  Meetings 

Next  Week ;  Gossip. 
FINE  ARTS :—  Art  in  Southern  Italy  ;  The  Old  Water-Colour  Society  ;  The  Society  for  the  Promotion 

of  Hellenic  Studies,   1879-1904;   The  Churches  of  South  Nottinghamshire;  Injurious  Ivy ;  The 

Common  Gull  in  Ireland  ;  Sales  ;  Gossip. 
MUSIC :— Our  Library  Table  ( The  Story  of  Chamber  Music ;  A  Book  of  British  Song ;  A  Method  of 

teaching  Harmony)  ;  Gossip  ;  Performances  Next  Week. 
DRAMA :— Shakspeare  in  Russian  ;  Gossip. 

The  ATHEKffiUM  for  July  9  contains  Articles  on 

Dr  JESSOFP  on  LORD  BURGHLEY.  MANCHU  and  MUSCOVITE. 

The  NEW  OXYRHYNCHOS  PAPYRI.  The  RACING  WORLD.  A  LATER  PEPYS. 

NEW  NOVELS  : — A  November  Cry  ;  The  Amblers;  A  Weaver  of  Webs  ;   Enid  ;  The  Light  of  the  Star  ; 

Under  the  Rose  ;  The  Corner  in  Coffee  ;  The  Spoilsmen. 

SCHOOL-BOOKS.  LONDON  HISTORY.  ORIENTAL   LITERATURE. 

OUR  LIBRA.RY  TABLE: — Dar-ul-Islam  ;  Samuel  Butler's  Essays ;  Russia  as  It  Really  Is  ;  A  Modern 
Journal ;  Antwerp,  an  Historical  Sketch  ;  Major  Hume's  Spanish  Essays  ;  The  Growth  of  English 
Industry  and  Commerce  ;  The  God  in  the  Garden  ;  Tales  from  J6kai ;  The  "  Smaller  Classics  "; 
Canada's  Resources  and  Possibilities ;  Les  Etats  -  Unis  au  XX.  Sikcle ;  La  Representation 
Proportionnelle  et  les  Partis  Politiques  ;  A  Prayer  Book  in  Wooden  Binding. 
LIST  of  NEW  BOOKS. 

WOLFE  and  GRAY'S  '  ELEGY  ';  BEN  JONSON  on  the  SONNET  ;  SIR  HENRY  WOTTON'S  '  STATE 
of  CHRISTENDOM';  The  INCORPORATION  of  the  STATIONERS'  COMPANY ;  'FATHER 
CLANCY';  MESSRS.  BELL  &  SONS;  SALE. 

ALSO— 

LITERARY  GOSSIP. 
SCIENCE :— The  Northern  Tribes  of  Central  Australia  ;  Le  Tibet ;  Societies ;  Meetings  Next  Week  ; 

Gossip. 

FINE  AKTS :— Two  Catalogues  ;  G.  F.  Watts  ;  Two  Exhibitions  of  Egyptian  Antiquities  ;  Archaeological 
Cruise  round  Ireland ;  Congress  of  Archaeological  Societies  ;   Early  Crosses  in  the  High  Peak ; 
Injurious  Ivy  ;  Sales  ;  Gossip. 
MUSIC: — Philharmonic  Concert;  London  Symphony  Orchestra  Concert;  Massenet's  '  Salome ';  Gossip; 

Performances  Next  Week. 
DRAMA :— Gossip. 

The  ATHENJBUM,  every  SATURDAY,  price  THREEPENCE,  of 
JOHN    C.     FRANCIS,    Athenaeum    Office,    Bream's   Buildings,    Chancery  Lane,   E.G. 

And  of  all  Newsagents. 


io*  s.  H.  JCLY  23,i9M.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


61 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  JL'LY  SS,  WOk. 


CONTENTS.— No.  30. 

NOTES:— Peak  and  Pike,  61— Cobden  Bibliography,  62— 
Genealogy  in  America,  63  —  Shakespeariana  —  "Poor 
Allinda's  growing  old,"  64  —  Leonard  Cox— Diadems— 
Rigadoon— Footprints  of  the  Gods-A  Cabyle,  65-Names 
common  to  both  Sexes-  Blectric  Telegraph  Anticipated— 
"  Cry  you  mercy,  I  took  you  for  a  joint-stool,"  66. 

QUBRIBS  :— Shakespeare's  Sonnet  xxvi.— Thackeray  Illus- 
trations—Browning Societies  —  Milton's  Sonnet  xii — 
Disraeli  on  Gladstone— Bathing-Machines—Scandinavian 
Bishops  —  Thomas  Hood  —  Glass  Painters  —  Fleetwood 
Cabinet,  67— Rev.  John  Williams— William  Warton.  1764— 
Hone:  a  Portrait  —  Lisk  —  Klias  Travers's  Diary  — The 
White  Company:  "Naker  "— Airault  — Coutances.  Win- 
chester, and  the  Channel  Islands — St.  Ninian's  Church, 
€8— Rectors  of  Crowhurst— Isabella  Basset,  1346— '  Road 
Scrapings,'  69. 

EBPLIES :— Margaret  Biset,  69— Classic  and  Translator- 
Beer  sold  without  a  Licence — Lament  Harp,  71— Paste  — 
Phillipps  MSS. :  Beatrice  Barlow— "Was  you?"  and 
"You  was,"  72 —  Browning's  "Thunder-free"— Roman 
Tenement  Houses,  73— Bass  Rock  Music— "Birds  of  a 
feather  "— Phicbe  Hessel— Cold  Harbour,  74— Isabelline  as 
a  Colour  —  Scotch  Words  and  Bnglish  Commentators — 
*'Kick  the  bucket  "—North  Dflvon  May  Day  Custom,  75 
— "  Withershins  "— Natalese,  76-Tideswell  and  Tideslow 
—Pigeon  Bnglish  at  Home— "Let  the  dead  bury  their 
•dead,"  77. 

NOTBS  ON  BOOKS:  — 'Cambridge  Modern  History,' 
Vol.  VIII.  — 'Great  Masters '—' History  of  Fulk  Fitz- 
Warine  '  —  '  Eglwys  Cymmin  Papers  '  —  Booksellers' 
Catalogues. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


gate*. 

PEAK  AND  PIKE. 
I  AM  at  present  trying  to  discover  the 
history  of  these  words,  and  the  relation 
between  them,  in  their  application  to  pointed 
mountains  or  their  summits.  In  prosecuting 
the  inquiry  I  find  that  much  more  informa- 
tion is  needed  than  I  possess  as  to  the 
chronology,  history,  and  topography  of  nike, 
as  entering  into  the  names  of  British  nills. 
One  knows  generally  that  these  names  have 
their  centre  in  the  Lake  district,  in  Cumber- 
land, Westmorland,  and  Lancashire  -  above- 
the -Sands,  and  that  they  extend  into 
Northumberland,  Durham  (?),  Yorkshire, 
Derbyshire,  and  Central  Lancashire ;  but  I 
should  be  obliged  to  local  readers  who  will 
send  me  lists  of  all  the  pikes  in  these  latter 
counties.  So  far  as  I  know  the  term  is  not 
applied  in  Scotland.  But  the  author  of 
*  Horse  Subsecivse'  in  1777  writes  of  Aber- 
fjavenny's  Pike.  Is  there  any  height  so  called 
at  Abergavenny  1  or  to  what  does  the  phrase 
refer1?  Grose  also,  in  1790,  explains  pike  as 
"  a  hill  rising  in  a  cone,  such  as  Cam's  Pike," 
which,  from  the  '  Dialect  Diet.,'  I  infer  to  be 
in  Gloucestershire.  Will  any  one  tell  me  if 
•"  Cam's  Pike  "  is  a  current  name,  and  inform 
•me  exactly  of  the  situation  ?  Are  any  other 


examples  of  Pike  known  outside  the  counties 
above  mentioned'?  Then,  as  to  chronology: 
How  far  back  can  the  name  "  pike  "  be  found 
as  thus  used  ?  Are  there  any  old  records,  or 
maps,  that  name  any  of  the  *' pikes"  of  the 
Lake  district,  or  of  any  other  part  of  Eng- 
land 1  At  present  (with  the  exception  of  the 
two  which  I  have  queried)  I  know  of  no 
examples  before  the  nineteenth  century  ;  but 
surely  the  Langdale  Pikes,  Stickle  Pike, 
Causey  Pike,  Grisedale  Pike,  Pike  of  Blisco, 
Red  Pike,  Whitelees  Pike,  and  others,  must 
occur  earlier  !  Probably  Scafell  Pike,  now 
"  the  Pike  "  par  eminence,  does  not,  since  it 
was  only  in  the  nineteenth  century  that  its 
pre-eminence  in  height  over  Scafell  itself  was 
ascertained.  The  'Craven  Glossary 'has  "Pike, 
the  rocky  summit  of  a  mountain,  as  Lang- 
dale  pike,  Haw  pike."  I  think  Wordsworth 
must  also  have  been  using  the  Lakeland  term 
when,  in  his  'Descriptive  Sketches'  of  1793, 
he  says  of  the  Finster  Aarhorn,  Schreckhorn, 
and  Wetterhorn  in  Switzerland, 
And  Pikes,  of  darkness  named,  and  fears,  and 

storms, 
Uplift  in  quiet  their  illumined  forms. 

A  still  earlier  reference  appears  in  Penni- 
cuick's  'Works '  of  1715  (ed.  1815,  p.  49),  "These 
piles  of  stones  are  often  termed  Cairn,  Pike, 
Currough,  Cross,  &c."  A  very  enigmatical 
one  occurs  in  Aubrey's  '  Wiltshire,'  a.  1697 
(as  cited  by  Halliwell) :  "Not  far  from  War- 
minster  is  Clay-hill ;  and  Coprip  is  about  a 
quarter  of  a  mile  there  ;  they  are  pikes  or 
vulcanos."  What  did  he  mean  or  refer  to1? 

But  the  earliest  use  of  "  pike,"  in  reference 
to  a  mountain  top,  known  to  me,  is  that 
contained  in  the  '  Wars  of  Alexander,'  an 
alliterative  poem,  apparently  before  1400, 
edited  for  the  Early  English  Text  Society 
in  1886  by  Prof.  Skeat.  In  describing  the 
crossing  by  Alexander  of  the  lofty  mountain 
barrier  between  Bactria  and  India,  it  is  said 
(1.  4814)  :— 

Thai  labourde  up  agayne  the  lift  an  elleven  dais 
And  quhen  thai  covert  to  the  crest,  then  clerid  the 

welkyn. 
Than  past  thai  doun  fra  that  pike  into  a  playne 

launde, 
Quhare  all  the  gronde  was  of  gols,  and  grouen  full 

of  inipis. 

Here  "pike"  seems  to  mean  summit,  but  to 
be  applied  to  a  crest  or  edge  rather  than  a 
peak  or  point. 

In  the  names  of  certain  foreign  mountains 
"  pike  "  was  common  from  the  sixteenth  to  the 
eighteenth  century,  when  it  was  superseded 
by  "peak."  The  first  of  all  the  pikes  was 
the  Pike  of  Teneriffe,  for  which  there  exist 
hundreds  of  references,  from  Eden  in  1555  to 
Capt.  Cook  in  1772-84.  In  this  we  have  a 


62 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  JULY  23,  im. 


direct  adoption  of  the  Spanish  name  pice 
which  also  entered  French  a,spic(and  first  of  a 
also  in  "  Pic  de  Te'nerife  ")  in  Furetiere,  1690 
and  was  sanctioned  only  in  1740  by  th 
French  Academic,  who  cite  its  use  in  "  pic  d 
Teneriffe,  pic  d'Adam,  pic  du  Midi."  From 
the  pico  of  Teneriffe,  and  probably  also  Pic< 
in  the  Azores,  "  pike  "  was  extended  as  th 
common  name  of  a  pointed  summit ;  bu 
already  in  1687  it  began  to  be  superseded  03 
"  peak,"  and  in  1759  even  the  Pike  of  Tene 
riffe  had  changed  to  the  "Peak."  Bu 
although  the  history  of  "pike"  in  these 
foreign  names  is  perfectly  clear,  it  does  no 
seem  to  me  at  all  likely  that  the  native  pike: 
of  England  were  named  after  the  Pike  o 
Teneriffe ;  and  they  show  the  native  vitality 
of  their  name  by  remaining  "pikes"  when 
the  Pike  of  Teneriffe  and  all  the  foreign 
pikes,  even  the  "  twin  pikes  of  Parnassus,5 
nave  become  "peaks."  And,  of  course,  deri 
vation  from  the  Spanish  pico  is  quite  im- 
possible for  the  Middle  English  "pike"  oi 
the  *  Wars  of  Alexander.' 

But  early  mention  of  the  English  pikes,  to 
fill  up  the  space  between  1400  and  1800,  is 
greatly  needed ;  and  a  real  service  to  the 
difficult  history  oipike  and  peak  will  be  done 
by  every  one  who  will  send  me  information 
on  the  points  asked  above. 

May  I  ask  that  no  one  will  confuse  the 
matter  by  information  about  the  Peak  of 
Derbyshire?  Etymologists  now  know  that 
that  name  can  have  no  connexion  with  pik 
or  peak,  a  sharp  point ;  and,  in  any  case,  it 
has  no  bearing  whatever  upon  my  inquiry ; 
so  I  hope  it  will  be  left  out  of  the  question. 

On  a  future  occasion  I  will,  with  the  help 
of  the  information  received,  communicate 
my  conclusions  as  to  the  origin  of  j)iket  and 
the  relation  in  which  the  much  later  word 
peak  stands  to  it.  J.  A.  H.  MURRAY. 

Oxford. 

COBDEN  BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
(See  10th  S.  i.  481 ;  ii.  3.) 

1884. 

On  the  Effects  of  Protection  on  the  Agricultural 
Interests  of  the  Country.  House  of  Commons, 
March  13,  1845.— Reprinted  in  Adams  (C.  K.), 
*  Representative  British  Orations,' &c.,  vol.  iii. 
1884.  16mo.  12301.  cc.  3. 

Three  Panics.  London,  Cassell  &  Companv  [18841. 
8vo,pp.  168.  8138.  aa.  7. 

1903. 

Free  Trade  and  other  Fundamental  Doctrines  of 
the  Manchester  School  set  forth  in  selections 
from  the  Speeches  and  Writings  of  its  Founders 
and  Followers.  Edited,  with  an  introduction, 
by  Francis  W.  Hirst.  London,  1903.  8vo.— 
Includes  a  reprint  of  '  England,  Ireland,  and 
America,'  and  other  Cobden  extracts. 


III. 

BIOGRAPHIES  AND  APPRECIATIONS. 

(Arranged  alphabetically.) 

Apjohn,  L.    Richard  Cobden  and  the  Free  Traders 
[By  L.  Apjohn.]     [1881.]    "Memorable  Men  of 
the  Nineteenth  Century,"  vol.  iv.     [1881,  &c.l 
8vo.     10601.  bbb. 

Ashworth(H.).  Recollections  of  Richard  Cobden 

and    the    Anti-Corn    Law    League.      London, 
Manchester  [printed],  1877.    8vo.    8138.  aa.  5. 
London     [1878]. 


in  1865. 
Balfour  (Right  Hon.  Arthur  James).    Essays  and 

Addresses.  Edinburgh,  1893.— At  p.  185,  Cobden 

and  the  Manchester  School. 
Bissett  (Andrew).    Notes  on  the  Anti-Corn  Law 

Struggle.    London,  Williams  &  Norgate,  1884. 

8vo,  pp.  305. 
Bright  (Right  Hon.  J.).      Speeches    delivered    in 

«S?f/fi  jn  ™e  ocoasion  of  the  inauguration 

of  the  Cobden  Memorial, with  a  sketch  of  the 

history  of  Cobden,  the  Anti-Corn  Law  League 
Revised  by  Mr.  Bright.  London,  Bradford 
[printed,  1877].  8vo.  8138.  df.  o.  (11  ) 

Bullock  (Thomas  Austin).  Richard  Cobden.  (A 
study  for  young  men.)  London,  Simpkin 
Marshall  &  Co.  [1866].  8vo,  pp.  47  10817* 
cc.  21.  (8.) 

'obden  (Richard):  sein  Leben  und  sein  Wirken 
von  einem  Freihandler  und  Friedensfreunde 
Bremen  (Norden  printed),  1869.  8vo.  10817.  bbb* 

Cobden  (Richard),  the  Friend  of  the  People.  The 
story  of  his  life  told  for  popular  reading 
London  [1877?].  8vo,  pp.  16.  10803.  b.  1.  (11  ) 

Cooke  (Frances  E.).  An  English  Hero  ;  the  story 
of  Richard  Cobden,  written  for  young  people. 
London,  Sonnenschein  &  Co.,  1886.  8vo,  pp.  130. 
JLuoUJL*  D.  oD. 

DinoCarina(  ).     Riccardo  Cobden.     (Elogio  V 

Firenze,  1865.     12mo.     10817.  aa.  15. 

Dunckley(H.).  Richard  Cobden  and  the  Jubilee 
of  Free  Trade,  &c.  By  H.  Dunckley,  P.  Leroy- 
Beauheu,  Iheodor  Barth,  Leonard  Courtney 
[and]  Charles  Pelham  Villiers.  With  Introduc- 
tion by  Richard  Gowing.  London,  T.  Fisher 
TJnwin,  1896.  8vo,  pp.  246.  08225  f  1 

Dyer    (George    H.).      Richard    Cobden.     London 
Dyer  Bros.  [1882T.:  16mo,  pp.  16.-0ne  of  the 
Penny  Popular  Biographies."  10803.  aa.  6  (3  V 

Six  Men  of  the  People,  &c.    Richard  Cobden. 


. 

ge  (F.  M.)]  Richard  Cobden  at  Home.  By 
1<.  M.  Jbi.  London,  Manchester  printed  [1868] 
8yp,  pp.  32.— The  writer  was  Frederic  Milne 
Edge,  at  one  time  on  the  staff  of  the  Morning 
star,  and  afterwards  secretary  of  the  Northern 
Department  of  the  Reform  League. 

Imerton  (Rev.  J.  A.),  D.D.  An  Inaugural  Address 
on  the  formation  of  the  Cobden  Memorial 
Class  for  teaching  French  by  means  of  the 
translation  of  the  Bible,  delivered  at  Rochdale 
8  January,  1867.  Reprinted  from  the  Rochdale 
Observer,  12  June,  1867.  Rochdale,  1867.  8vo. 
M.F.L. 

owing    (Richard).     Richard    Cobden.      London 
Cassell  &  Co.,  1885.   8vo,  pp.  128.-0ne  of  "  The 
World's  Workers  "  Series.    10601.  bbb 


s.  ii.  JULY  23, 190*.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Hobart  (Vere  Henry,  Lord).  The  Mission  of 

Richard  Cobden Reprinted  from  Macmillan  s 

Magazine.  London  [1867].  8vo.  8139.  aa. 

Holtzendorff  (F.  von).  Richard  Cobden von  F. 

von  HoltzendortF.  Virchow  (R.)  and  Holtzen- 
dorft-Vietmansdorf  (F.  v.)  Sammlung  gemein- 
versttindlicher  wissenschaftlicher  vortriige, 
herausgegeben  von  R.  Virchow  und  F.  von 
Holtzendorff.  Berlin,  1866,  &c.  Series  I. 
Heft  17.  8vo. 

In  Memoriam.  Richard  Cobden,  his  Life  and 
Times.  London  [1865].  8vo.  10817-  cc. 

Johnson  (Joseph).  Life  of  Richard  Cobden  :  the 
Apostle  of  Free  Trade  and  Champion  of  the 
Rights  of  the  Industrious  Classes.  Manchester 
[1865].  8vo,  pp.  16. 

Kretzschmar  (Auguste).  Richard  Cobden,  der 
Apostel  der  Handelsfreiheit  und  die  jiingste 
staatsokonomische  Revolution  in  Grossbritan- 
nien.  Nach  der  besten  englischen  und  fran- 
zosischen  Quellen.  Grimma,  1846.  12mo.  8245. 
a.  69.  (2.) 

Levi(L.).  On  Richard  Cobden.  An  Introductory 
Lecture,  delivered  in  King's  College,  London, 
&c.  London,  1865.  8vo.  8205.  bb.  10. 

MacGilchrist  (John),  of  London.  Richard  Cobden, 
the  Apostle  of  Free  Trade,  his  Political  Career 
and  Public  Services.  A  Biography.  [Illustrated 
with  photographs.]  London,  Lock  wood  &  Co., 
1865.  8vo,  pp.  vii,  294.  10817.  aa.  25. 

Het  Leven  van  Richard  Cobden,  den  Apostel 

van  Vrijen  Handel.  Uit  het  Engelsch  door 
E.  C.  Mackay.  Amsterdam,  K.  H.  Schadd, 
1865.  8vo,  pp.328. 

Mallet  (Sir  L.).  The  Political  Opinions  of  Richard 
Cobden.  London,  Macmillan  &  Co.,  1869.  8vo, 
pp.  viii,  64.  8008.  aaa. 

Memorial  Verses  on  Richard  Cobden,  1865.  (Cobden 
Club  Leaflet,  No.  20.) 

Morley  (Right  Hon.  John).  The  Life  of  Richard 
Cobden.  2  vola.  London,  Chapman  &  Hall, 
1881.  8yo.  2406.  f.  6.— This  has  gone  through 
nine  editions,  and  has  been  translated  into 
French  by  Sophie  Raffalovich. 

Parkinson  (Rev.  H.  W.).  Richard  Cobden.  A 
Lecture  delivered  in  the  Public  Hall,  Rochdale, 
27  February,  1868.  Reprinted  from  the  Rochdale 
Observer.  Rochdale  Observer  Office  [1868].  8vo, 
pp.  18. 

Prentice  (Archibald).  History  of  the  Anti-Corn 
Law  League.  London,  1853.  8yo,  2  vols. — 
This,  although  not  a  biography  in  form,  is  a 
mine  of  information  respecting  Cobden's  public 
work. 

Ritchie  (J.  E.).  The  Life  of  Richard  Cobden  [by 
J.  E.  Ritchie] :  with  a  faithful  likeness  from 
a  photograph  by  Easthan1.,  &c.  London  [1865]. 
Fol.  10816.  i. 

Rogers  (James  E.  Thorold).  A  Sermon  preached 
at  West  Lavington  Church  on  Sunday,  9  April, 
1865.  Oxford  and  London,  1865.  8vo,  pp.  16. 
M.F.L. — A  sermon  on  the  death  of  Cobden, 
preached  and  printed  at  the  request  of  the 
widow. 

Rogers  (James  Edwin  Thorold).  Cobden  and 
Modern  Political  Opinion.  Essays  on  certain 
political  topics.  London,  Macmillan  &  Co., 
is;;;.  BVO,  M-.  s?i  :N2  ±!:is.  a  I-J. 

Sails  Schwabe  (Madame  Julie).  Richard  Cobden, 
Notes  sur  ses  Voyages,  Correspondances  et 
Souvenirs,  recueillies  par  Mme.  Salis  Schwabe, 


avec  une  preface  de  M.  G.  Molinari.    Paris.. 
1879.    8yo,  pp.  xvi-384.    10920.  ee.  14. 
—  Reminiscences  of  Richard  Cobden,  compiled 
by  Mrs.   Salis  Schwabe.     With  a  Preface  by 
Lord    Farrer.       London,    T.    Fisher    Unwin 
1895.    8vo,  pp.  xvi-340.    10815.  e.  18. 

Say  (L(k>n).  Cobden:  Ligue  centre  les  Lois  Ce>e"ale8 
et  Discours  Politiques.  Paris  [1886?].  18mo, 
pp.  304.  M.F.L.— A  French  translation  of 
various  speeches  and  writings,  with  intro- 
duction. 

Scott   (A.    T.).      In    Memoriam.     The    Life    and 

Labours   of   Richard  Cobden, to  which  is 

appended  an  account  of  the  Funeral.    London 
1865.    8vo.    10825.  bb.  33.  (6.) 

Sibree  (James).  Richard  Cobden  :  Philanthropist 
and  Statesman.  Hull,  London  [1865].  16mo. 

Walcker '  (Carl).  Richard  Cobden's  Volkswirth- 
schaf tliche  und  politische  Ansichten,  auf  Grund' 
aelteren  und  neuerer  Quellen  systematisclv 
dargestellt.  Hamburg,  Leipzig  [printed],  1885. 
8vo,  pp.  vi-91.  8229.  d.  35.  (7.) 

Watkin  (Sir  Edward  William),  Bart.  Alderman, 
Cobden,  of  Manchester.  Letters  and  reminis- 
cences of  Richard  Cobden,  with  portraits,, 
illustrations,  &c.  London,  Ward  &  Lock 
[1891].  4to,  pp.  218.  10816.  g.  10. 

Withers  (J.  R.).  Elegy  on  the  late  Richard 
Cobdeu,  M.P.  Manchester,  1865.  8vo,  pp.  8. 

Woods  (J.  Crawford).  In  Memory  of  Richard 
Cobden,  a  Sermon  [on  Isaiah  x.  18,  and 

Matt.  xxv.  34,  35,  40]  preached 9  July,  1865. 

Adelaide,  1865.    8vo.     10816.  bbb.  15.  (3.) 

WILLIAM  E.  A.  AXON. 
(To  be  continued.) 


GENEALOGY  IN  AMERICA. 

WITHOUT  any  departure  from  democratic 
principles,  the  study  of  family  history  in  the 
United  States  has  been  approached  from 
many  standpoints  since  our  second  President,. 
John  Adams,  expressed  his  views  of  th& 
matter  in  a  letter  to  Hannah  Adams,  "  the 
author  of  the  first  book  written  by  a  woman 
in  America."  "You  and  I,"  he  wrote,  "are 
undoubtedly  related  by  birth,  and  although 
we  were  both  born  in  '  humble  obscurity  ' 
[she  had  made  this  reference  to  herself  in  one 
of  her  dedications  to  him],  yet  I  presume 
neither  of  us  has  any  cause  to  regret  that 
circumstance." 

"  If  I  could  ever  suppose  that  family  pride  was  in. 
any  case  excusable,  1  should  think  a  descent  from 
a  line  of  virtuous,  independent  New  England^ 
farmers  for  one  hundred  and  sixty  years  was  a 
better  foundation  for  it  than  a  descent  through 
royal  and  titled  scoundrels  ever  since  the  Flood." — 
Household,  December ? 

These  words  call  to  mind  those  concluding 
the  first  chapter  of  Irving's  *  Life  of  Washing- 
ton':  "Hereditary  rank  may  be  an  illusion  ; 
but  hereditary  virtue  gives  a  patent  of  innate 
nobleness  beyond  all  the  blazonry  of  the 


64 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [10*  s.  n.  JULY  23, 190*. 


Heralds'  College."  Washington  himself  re 
•sponded  at  some  length  to  a  request  for  a 
account  of  his  family,  though  he  had  littl 
time  or  inclination  for  such  research.  Cp 
New  York  Geneal.  and  Biog.  Record,  xxxii 
200,  208,  October,  1902. 

"  Poor  Richard's  "  autobiography  evince 
•clearly  enough  that  he  investigated  th 
genealogy  of  the  Franklin  family ;  but  w 
-are  rather  startled  by  the  fact,  recently  de 
veloped,  that  he  made  of  it  a  protractec 
study.  Cp.  *  Benjamin  Franklin  as  a  Genealo 
gist,'  Pennsylvania  Magazine  of  History  and 
Biography,  vol.  xxiii.  No.  1,  pp.  1-22  (1899). 

There  have  been  many  Americans  of  un 
doubted  democracy  who  have  undertaken 
more  or  less  extensive  genealogical  research 
or  have  confessed  that  pedigree  is  something 
more  than  a  word.  In  the  present  genera- 
tion we  have  had  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes,  in 
'The  Autocrat  of  the  Breakfast  Table'  (1859, 
1882,  &c.),  declaring,  somewhat  facetiously,  it 
is  true,  in  favour  of  "a  man  of  family,"  while 
James  G.  Blaine  has  told  us  that  President 
"Garfield  was  proud  of  his  blood;  and,  with  as 
much  satisfaction  as  if  he  were  a  British  nobleman 
reading  his  stately  ancestral  record  in  Burke's 
'  Peerage,'  he  spoke  of  himself  as  ninth  in  descent 
from  those  who  would  not  endure  the  oppression  of 
the  Stuarts,  and  seventh  in  descent  from  the  brave 
French  Protestants  who  refused  to  submit  to 
tyranny  even  from  the  Grand  Monarque." 

"General  Garfield  delighted  to  dwell  on  these 
traits,  and,  during  his  only  visit  to  England,  he 
busied  himself  in  searching  out  every  trace  of  his 
forefathers  in  parish  registries  and  on  ancient  army 
rolls.  Sitting  with  a  friend  in  the  gallery  of  the 
House  of  Commons  one  night,  after  a  long  day's 
labor  in  this  field  of  research,  he  said,  with  evident 
elation,  that  in  every  war  in  which  for  three  cen- 
turies patriots  of  English  blood  had  struck  sturdy 
blows  for  constitutional  government  and  human 
liberty,  his  family  had  been  represented.  They  were 
at  Marston  Moor,  atNaseby,  and  at  Preston  :  they 
were  at  Bunker  Hill,  at  Saratoga,  and  at  Mon- 
mouth ;  and  in  his  own  person  had  battled  for  the 
same  great  cause  in  the  war  which  preserved  the 
Union  of  the  States."— Cp.  'Memorial  Address  on 
the  Life  and  Character  of  President  Garfield  ' 
Washington,  D.C.,  27  February,  1882,  pp.  6-8. 

The  foregoing  illustrations  might  be  multi- 
plied many  times,  did  space  permit  or  occa- 
sion require.  They  will  serve  to  show  that 
genealogy  in  America  is  not  without  some 
support  "  in  high  quarters." 

EUGENE  FAIRFIELD  McPiKE. 
Chicago,  U.S. 


SHAKESPEARIANA. 
'  1  HENRY  IV.,'  III.  i.  131.- 

I  had  rather  hear  a  brazen  canstick  turned. 
Wright's  note  reminds  us  that  the  turning  of 
candlesticks  was  carried  on  in  Lothbury^  and 


he  adduces  a  quotation  that  proves  the  point. 
It  seems  worth  notice  that  we  obtain  fuller 
details  from  Stow's  'Survey  of  London.'  In 
treating  of  Lothbury,  Stow  says  : — 

"This  street  is  possessed  for  the  most  part  by 
founders,  that  cast  candlesticks,  chafing-dishes, 
spice-mortars,  and  such  like  copper  or  laton  works, 
and  do  afterward  turn  them  with  the  foot,  and  not 
with  the  wheel,  to  make  them  smooth  and  bright 
with  turning  and  scrating  (as  some  do  term  it), 
making  a  loathsome  noise  to  the  by-passers  that 
have  not  been  used  to  the  like,  and  therefore  [!] 
by  them  disdainfullie  called  Lothberie." 

A  delicious  etymology.  I  presume  that  a 
"  wheel "  means  a  "  lathe."  But  how  one 
turns  a  candlestick  "with  the  foot"  only,  I 
do  not  clearly  understand. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

'  1  HENRY  IV.,'  II.  iii.  38.— Hotspur,  read- 
ing a  lukewarm  letter  about  the  plot  con- 
templated, says :— 

"  0,  I  could  divide  myself,  and  go  to  buffets,  for 
moving  such  a  dish  of  skimmed  milk  with  so 
honourable  an  action !  Hang  him  !  Let  him  tell 
*e  king." 

W.  J.  Craig  says  in  his  notes  to  the 
miniature  edition  of  Messrs.  Methuen  :— 

"Divide  myself:  I  have  not  met  this  expression 
Isewhere,  but  it  may  mean  '  I  will  mangle  my  good 
name.' " 

Surely  the  passage  means,  to  paraphrase  it, 

I  could   kick  myself,  or  beat  myself,  for 

)eing  such  a  fool  as  to  urge  this  spiritless 

reature  to  join  in  the  affair."  But  that  being 

inatomically  impossible,   Hotspur  premises, 

I  could  'divide  myself,'  make  myself  into 

wo,  that  one  half  of  myself  might  beat  the 

>ther."  HIPPOCLIDES. 


tt  '  POOR  ALLINDA'S  GROWING  OLD."  (See  1st  S. 
ii.  264.) — According  to  a  story  told  by  the 
irst  Earl  of  Dartmouth  (see  Burnet's  '  Own 
Time,'  Oxford  edition,  1823,  vol.  i.  p.  458), 
"  is  uncle  Will  Legge,  at  Charles  II. 's  request, 
sed  to  sing  to  the  Duchess  of  Cleveland, 
rho  was  getting  elderly,  a  ballad  beginning 
with  these  lines  :  — 

Poor  Allinda  's  growing  old, 
Those  charms  are  now  no  more ; 

y  which  she  was  to  understand  that  the 
ing  no  longer  cared  for  her.  When  writing 
is  delightful  'Story  of  Nell  Gwyn,'  more 
ban  half  a  century  ago,  Peter  Cunningham 
ndeavoured  to  trace  the  source  of  these 
erses  through  '1ST.  &  Q.,'  but  in  vain, 
"hrough  the  kindness  of  Mr.  G.  Thorn 
)rury,  than  whom,  I  think,  few  are  more 
itimately  acquainted  with  the  bypaths  of 
eventeenth-century  ballad  literature,  I  am 


io»s.  ii.  JULY  SUDD*.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


65 


enabled  to  suggest  that  the  following  is  what 
Lord  Dartmouth  had  in  mind  : — 

A  SONG. 
When  Aurelia  first  I  courted, 

She  had  Youth  and  Beauty  too, 
Killing  Pleasures  vrhen  she  sported, 

And  her  Charms  were  ever  new  ; 
Conquering  Time  doth  now  deceive  her, 

Which  her  glories  did  uphold, 
All  her  Arts  can  ne'r  retrieve  her, 
Poor  Aurelia  '#  growing  old. 

The  airy  Spirits  which  invited, 

Are  retir  d  and  move  no  more  ; 
And  those  Eyes  are  now  benighted, 

Which  were  Comets  heretofore. 
Want  of  these  abate  [sic]  her  merits 

Yet  1  've  passion  for  her  Name, 
Only  kind  and  am'rous  Spirits  ; 

Kindle  and  maintain  a  flame. 

This  is  to  be  found  among  *  Songs  in  Fashion, 
Since  the  publishing  of  the  last  New  Academy 
of  Complements,'  in  Head's  'The  Canting 
Academy,'  second  edit.,  1674,  p.  142. 

ITA  TESTOR. 

LEONARD  Cox.— According  to  the  'D.N.B.' 
Cox  graduated  at  the  beginning  of  the 
sixteenth  century  at  Cambridge,  removed  to 
Oxford  in  1528,  and  about  1546  travelled  on 
the  Continent,  visiting  the  Universities  of 
Paris,  Wittenberg,  Prague,  and  Cracow 
(Leland,  'Encomia  Illustrium  Virorum,' 
p.  50).  If  the  latter  date  is  correct,  this 
was  his  second  tour  on  the  Continent, 
because  he  was  at  Locse  (Leutschovia)  in 
Northern  Hungary  in  1520,  according  to 
Sperfogel's  *  Chronicle  ' : — 

"  Eodem  anno  feria  sexta  ante  Lsetare  [16  March] 
D.  M.  Johann  Henckel  plebanus  Leutschov.  una 
cum  judice  et  juratis  civibus  rectorem  scholse 
egregium  Leonhardum  Coxum  de  Anglia  poetam 
laureatum  installarunt,  biennio  qui  elapso  schol» 
Cassoviensis  Rector  factus  est.  —  '  Monumenta 
Hungarise  Archseologica,'  iii.,  Henszlmann's  article, 
p.  77  (Brit.  Alus.  pressmark  Ac.  826/6). 

John  Henckel,  the  friend  of  Erasmus  and 
Melanchthon,  was  plebanus  at  Locse  from 
1513  to  1522.  He  became  subsequently  court 
chaplain  of  Mary,  Queen  of  Hungary,  sister 
of  Charles  V. 

The  pronoun  qui  undoubtedly  refers  to 
Cox,  and  thus  we  learn  the  news  also  that  in 
1522  he  was  made  the  head  master  of  the 
school  at  Kassa,  another  city  in  the  north  of 
Hungary.  L.  L.  K. 

DIADEMS.— In  the  Daily  Chronicle  of  the 
14th  inst.  is  the  following  protest  against  "  the 
absurd  custom  "  of  calling  diamond  diadems 
tiaras  : — 

"  There  is,  of  course,  only  one  tiara  in  the  world, 
and  that  is  the  Pope's,  and  even  he  does  not  wear 
it  very  often.  It  is  quite  a  distinctive  crown,  triple 


in  form,  and  in  several  ways  symbolical.  What  is 
the  matter  with  the  pretty  word  diadem,  or  the 
still  better  one  carcanet,  with  its  reminiscence  of 
that  splendid  line — 

A  captain  jewel  in  the  carcanet  ?  " 

A.  N.  Q, 
[The  Globe  edition  gives  the  line  as — 

Or  captain  jewels  in  the  carcanet.] 

"RIGADOON." — In  an  article  in  the  July 
number  of  the  Nineteenth,  Centum/,  Lady 
Currie  quotes  the  lines  from  Wilde's  *  Ballade- 
of  Reading  Jail ' : — 

They  mocked  the  moon  in  a  rigadoon 
Of  delicate  turn  and  twist, 

and  asks,  "  What  is  a  rigadoon  ? " 

Rigadoon,  according  to  Funk's  *  Standard 
Dictionary,'  1902,  is  (1)  an  old,  gay,  quick 
dance  for  two,  originating,  probably,  in 
Provence,  also  the  music  of  such  a  dance  ; 
(2)  formerly,  a  beat  of  the  drum,  used  in  the 
French  army  when  culprits  were  marching  to 
punishment  (Fr.  rigodon,  a  dance). 

JOHN  HEBB. 
[See  PROF.  SKEAT'S  note  on  the  word,  10th  S.  i.  4.] 

FOOTPRINTS  OF  THE  GODS.  (See  9th  S.  vi. 
163,  223,  322,  391 ;  vii.  233 ;  xi.  375.)— I  should 
like  to  add  to  my  previous  articles  the 
following  fragments : — 

Twan  Ching-Shih  (d.  863  A.D.)  says  in  his 
'  Yu-yang-tsah-tsu,'  Japanese  edition,  1697, 
torn.  i.  fol.  9a:— 

"  In  modern  times  it  is  a  marriage  custom for 

the  bridegroom's  parents  to  come  out  of  a  side  gate 
and  enter  through  the  main  gate  just  after  the  bride 
has  entered  it,  saying  that  they  ought  thus  to  tread 
on  her  footprints." 

To  judge  from  similar  cases  I  have  quoted 
previously,  this  seems  to  imply  that  the 
relatives  are  more  closely  connected  by 
uniting  their  footsteps. 

The  same  work,  torn.  xix.  fol.  6  a,  states:— 

"  If  a  man  wishes  the  egg-plant  to  fruit  abundantly, 
he  should  wait  till  it  begins  to  blossom,  and  then 
cover  a  footpath  with  its  leaves,  scattering  ashes 
over  them  to  receive  men's  steps." 
This  indicates  the  Chinese  belief  that  a 
man's  foot  possesses  a  mysterious  ability  to 
impart  his  generative  power  to  the  plants. 

KUMAGUSU   MlNAKATA. 
Mount  Nachi,  Kii,  Japan. 

A  CABYLE.  —  Readers  of  Dr.  William 
Beattie's  *  Life  and  Letters  of  Thomas  Camp- 
bell' will  probably  chance  on  the  entry 
"  Carlyle,  Thomas,"  when  scanning  the  useful 
index  with  which  that  work  is  furnished. 
The  present  writer  made  the  acquaintance  of 
this  particular  reference  long  ago,  but  ignored 
it,  as  one  is  prone  to  do  with  what  is  not 
immediately  to  the  purpose.  Recently,  how- 


66 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io«>  s.  n.  JULY  23, 190*. 


ever,  an  occasion  arose  for  examination  of 
-the  point,  with  the  result  that  a  curious 
revelation  was  made.  Turning  to  the  passage 
indicated,  one  finds  a  long  letter  written  by 
Campbell  from  Algiers,  one  item  discussed 
being  the  Barbary  fig.  The  following  extract 
will  show  what  misled  the  index-maker  in 
his  haste : — 

"Its  fruit,  called  the  Barbary  fig,  so  rich  and 
•delicious,  grows  on  the  road  side,  to  the  size  of  a 
lemon :  it  is  to  be  had  for  the  gathering,  and  sells 
at  twelve  for  a  sou.  These  are  a  day's  food  for  an 
Arab  or  a  Cabyle.  The  latter  is  the  old  Numidian, 
different  both  from  the  Moor  and  the  Arab." 

It  is  very  diverting  to  find  the  author  of 
/  Sartor  Kesartus '  confounded  with  an  old 
Numidian,  and  regarded  as  a  dyspeptic 
•epicure  carefully  economizing  his  dozen  Bar- 
fcary  figs.  THOMAS  BAYNE. 

NAMES  COMMON  TO  BOTH  SEXES.— The  fol- 
lowing extract  from  an  unknown  source  seems 
worth  recording  in  permanent  form  : — 

"Somebody  has  discovered  that  the  editor  of 
•a  backwoods  newspaper  in  America  bears  the 
name  'Mary  Jane.'  It  is  rather  a  long  way  to  go 
for  a  curiosity  which  is  a  good  deal  nearer  at  hand. 
Evelyn,  Anne,  and  Mary  are  among  the  Christian 
names  borne  by  men  in  this  country.  To  balance 
matters,  we  have  the  name  Arthur  employed  for 
nearly  all  the  women  of  the  Annesley  family ;  while 
Lady  Robinson  is  Eva  Arthur  Henry..  The  late 
garl  of  Arundell  was,  inter  alia,  Mary  Fitzalan- 
fioward.  But  the  name  Mary  is  popularly  used  in 
Koman  Catholic  families.  Of  different  origin  was 
a  curiously  named  son  of  that  Lord  Westmorland 
who  wooed  and  won,  surreptitiously,  the  pretty 
daughter  of  a  banker.  '  What  would  you  do  if  you 
were  m  love  with  a  lady  and  her  father  refused  his 
consent?'  he  had  asked  the  wealthy  Child,  her 
lather.  Why,  run  away  with  her,  of  course,'  was 
the  answer.  Westmorland  took  the  advice  and  did 
run  away  with  her.  The  old  man  did  not  forgive 

iei  ^ao'  but  lef b  a11  his  wealth  to  their  eldest  child 
called  barah.  To  protect  themselves,  the  anxious 
mother  and  father  called  all  their  children  Sarah, 
even  their  son.3; 

RONALD  DIXON. 

46,  Marlborough  Avenue,  Hull. 

ELECTRIC  TELEGRAPH  ANTICIPATED.  —  The 
original  MS.  Commonplace  Book,  in  my 
possession,  of  that  eminent  lawyer  Heneage 
Finch  (afterwards  Earl  of  Nottingham  and 
Lord  Chancellor),  1647,  contains  on  p.  467  the 
following  remarkable  anticipation  of  the 
electric  telegraph  invented  some  two  hundred 
years  afterwards  : — 

•7  i?°7  t0  disctourrse  wifch  one  beyond  sea.  Agree 
with  ye  party  before  his  departure  at  what  time 
you  will  discourse  and  you  may  effect  it  thus: 
make  a  Circle  wherein  ye  Alphabet  shall  be  con- 
tained, within  this  put  a  needle,  under  yc  Table 
move  a  loadstone  to  those  letter[s]  of  which  vou 
would  compose  yor  words,  and  then  the  needle  will 
nove  according  to  the  loadstone,  y  party  beyond 


sea  must  haue  such  a  circle  and  needle,  and  then  at 
ye  motion  of  yor  loadstone  his  needle  will  moue  to 
ye  letters  in  y°  Circle." 

In  the  opposite  margin  are  the  letters  "D.  B.," 
which  appear  to  be  the  initials  of  the  person 
who  gave  this  information  to  the  writer 
(Heneage  Finch). 

It  is  not,  however,  at  all  clear  how  the 
telegraphic  communication  was  to  be  made 
between  the  parties  without  connecting 
wires,  &c.  It  seems  to  me  that  the  idea  was 
suggested  by  the  mariner's  compass,  which 
was  then  well  known.  W.  I.  R.  V. 

[See  also  5th  S.  ii.  483  ;  6th  S.  ii.  266,  403 ;  iii.  55.] 

"  CRY  YOU  MERCY,  I  TOOK  YOU  FOR  A  JOINT- 
STOOL."— In  '  Narcissus,  a  Twelfe  Night  Mer- 
riment' (1600),  in  the  third  Porter's  speech 
of  the  appendix  (ed.  Margaret  Lee,  1893, 
Nutt),  the  following  passage  occurs  at  p.  34  : 

"  Some  of  them  are  heires,  all  of  good  abilitye ; 
I  beseech  your  lordshipp  with  the  rest  of  the  ioynd 
stooles,  I  would  say  the  bench,  take  my  foolish 
iudgment,  &  lett  them  fine  for  it,  merce  them 
according  to  their  merritts  and  their  purses,  wee 
shall  all  fare  the  better  for  it." 

Does  this  pun  throw  light  on  the  Fool's 
exclamation  in  'Lear'  (III.  vi.  54),  when 
Goneril  is  arraigned  before  the  mock  bench 
of  justicers?  He  may  mean  "I  took  you 
for  one  of  the  bench  "  (not  a  prisoner)  when 
addressing  a  stool  supposed  to  represent  her. 
The  expression  occurs  earlier  in  Shakespeare 
and  in  Lyly. 

In  this  'Merriment'  there  are  several 
obvious  echoes  of  Shakespeare,  chiefly,  as 
the  editor  points  out,  from  *  1  Henry  IV.,' 
showing  the  immediate  popularity  of  that 
inimitable  play.  But  she  has  not  referred 
to  the  earlier  Twelfth  Night  'Narcissus' 
acted  at  Court  by  the  "Children  of  the 
Chappell"  in  1571.  It  is  twice  mentioned 
in  Cunningham's  'Kevels'  Accounts'  (Shaks. 
Soc.,  1842,  pp.  11, 13).  This  play  is  lost.  But 
the  reprint  of  the  'Merriment,'  which  was 
acted  at  St.  John's,  Oxford,  and  which  the 
writer  claims  to  be  "  Ovid's  pwne  Narcissus  " 
(p.  6),  may  be,  and  very  likely  is,  the  old 
play  with  the  Head  Porter's  parts  added  on 
to  suit  the  situation.  It  is  in  the  Porter's 

Earts  the  Shakespearian  references  occur, 
n  the  'Revels'  Accounts'  we  have  "for  the 
hunters  that  made  the  crye  after  the  fox 
(let  loose  in  the  Coorte)  with  the  houndes, 
homes,  and  hallowing  in  the  playe  of  Nar- 
cissus"; and  "money  to  him  due,  for  his 
device  in  counterfeting  Thunder  &  Light- 
ning in  the  play  of  Narcisses."  A  hunt  (of 
a  hare)  crosses  the  stage  in  the  reprint ;  and 
there  is  a  suggestion  of  a  storm. 

H.  C.  HART. 


io"s.ii.jni.Y23,i904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


67 


Queries , 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

SHAKESPEARE'S  SONNET  xxvi.— It  is  so  very 
remarkable  that  nearly  all  the  best  com- 
mentators on  this  sonnet  fail  even  to  attempt 
an  explanation  of  its  last  two  lines,  that  I 
am  emboldened  to  ask  the  members  of  that 
strong  body  of  Shaksperian  experts  who 
from  time  to  time  contribute  their  knowledge 
to  these  pages  what  is  the  best  accepted 
solution  of  these  following  and  probably  very 
important  lines : — 

Then  may  I  dare  to  boast  how  I  do  love  thee, 
Till  then,  not  show  my  head  where  thou  mayst 
prove  me. 

The  author  clearly  means  that  when  his 
position  is  improved  he  will  then  remove  the 
veil  of  secrecy  at  present  concealing  him, 
i.e.,  he  would  show  his  head  somewhere  where 
his  patron  would  be  able  to  prove  his  identity. 
This  seems  to  be  the  plain  English  of  the 
last  line.  Was  this  promise  ever  fulfilled? 
It  has  been  suggested  by  many  eminent 
Shaksperians  that  this  sonnet  accompanied 
*  Lucrece  '  when  sent  to  the  Earl  of  Southamp- 
ton, the  "  Lord  of  my  love."  It  has  also  been 
suggested  quite  recently  that  the  true  author 
showed  his  head  at  the  very  beginning  of  the 
first  two  lines  of '  Lucrece/  especially  as  they 
were  printed  in  the  first  edition.  My  query, 
therefore,  is  this.  Is  there  any  better  solution 
or  explanation?  For  no  Shaksperian  can 
possibly  accept  this,  plausible  as  it  may 
appear  to  be.  NE  QUID  NIMIS. 

THACKERAY  ILLUSTRATIONS. — Can  any  one 
supplv  a  list  of  pictures  and  drawings  (not 
included  as  illustrations  in  editions  of  Thacke- 
ray's works)  descriptive  of  scenes  in  Thacke- 
ray's novels  ?  L.  M. 

BROWNING  SOCIETIES.  —  Can  any  of  your 
readers  tell  me  where  I  can  get  a  list  of  the 
Browning  Societies  in  England  ?  A.  W.  P. 

MILTON'S  SONNET  SIL- 
AS when  those  hinds  that  wore  transformed  to  frogs 
Railed  at  Latona's  twin-born  progeny. 

Where  shall  I  find  the  legend  of  the  hinds 
in  question  ?  I  know,  of  course,  all  about 
the  twin-born  progeny  of  Latona.  H.  T. 

DISRAELI  ON  GLADSTONE.— Can  any  oblig- 
ing reader  of  '  N.  &  Q.,'  gifted  with  a  long 
memory,  tell  me  the  date  when  Disraeli 
described  his  famous  and  lifelong  opponent 


as  "  an  egotistical  rhetorician,  inebriated  with 
the  exuberance  of  his  own  verbosity,  and 
never  failing  in  a  superabundance  of  argu- 
ments to  vilify  an  opponent  or  to  glorify 
himself"?  My  quotation  is,  I  think,  very 
nearly  correct.  EDWARD  P.  WOLFERSTAN. 

45,  Lincoln's  Inn  Fields,  W.C. 

[Col.  Dalbiac  gives  the  date  as  1878,  and  the 
words  as  "a  sophistical  rhetorician,  inebriated 
with  the  exuberance  of  his  own  verbosity,  and 
gifted  with  an  egotistical  imagination,  that  can  at 
all  times  command  an  interminable  and  inconsistent 
series  of  arguments  to  malign  an  opponent  and  to 
glorify  himself"  ('  Dictionary  of  Quotations,'  1896, 
p.  13).] 

BATHING  -  MACHINES.  —  What  is  the  date, 
who  was  the  maker,  and  who  the  publisher 
of  the  earliest  known  engraving,  or  paint- 
ing, of  a  bathing-machine  ?  There  is  a  very 
early  one  in  the  bureau  of  the  library  of  the 
city  of  Hamburg.  Its  scene  is,  I  think, 
the  beach  at  Brighton,  under  the  regency  or 
the  reign  of  George  IV.  E.  S.  DODGSON. 

SCANDINAVIAN  BISHOPS. — The  names  and 
dates  of  consecration  and  death  of  the  Arch- 
bishops of  Drontheim,  from  1148  to  1408,  and 
the  names  and  dates  of  the  Bishops  of  Shakolt 
and  Holar  for  the  same  period,  will  be  very 
gratefully  received  by  the  writer,  who  lives 
far  from  libraries.  FRANCESCA. 

THOMAS  HOOD.  —  In  the  '  Memorials  of 
Thomas  Hood '  (vol.  i.  p.  11)  occurs  the  follow- 
ing foot-note : — 

"My  uncle  [John  Hamilton  Reynolds]  is  often 
referred  to  in  the  letters  as  '  John.'  A  frequent 
correspondence  was  kept  up  between  my  father  and 
him,  which  would  have  afforded  materials  of  much 
value  towards  the  compilation  of  these  memorials. 
I  regret  to  say  they  are  unavailable,  owing  to  Mrs. 
John  Reynolds'  refusal  to  allow  us  access  to  them. 
It  is  a  great  disappointment  that  the  public  should 
be  thus  deprived  of  what  would  become  its  property 
after  publication— the  records  of  one  of  its  noted 
writers." 

I  shall  feel  greatly  obliged  to  any  reader  of 
'N.  &  Q.'  who  will  tell  me  whether  the 
correspondence  referred  to  is  still  in  existence, 
and  if  so,  in  whose  possession  it  is. 

WALTER  JERROLD. 

Hampton-on-Thames. 

GLASS  PAINTERS.— Since  Lyon,  the  glass 
painter,  what  artists  have  plied  their  craft  in 
Exeter?  and  what  of  their  work  has  been 
introduced  into  the  cathedral  ?  Also,  can  the 
Oxford  artists  be  named  after  the  seventeenth 
century  ?  J.  W.  K. 

FLEETWOOD  CABINET.  (See  9th  S.  iii.  347.) 
—In  1881  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Royal 
Archaeological  Institute  was  held  at  Bedford. 


68 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      uoth  s.  n.  JULY  23,  100*. 


The  Thirty -fourth  Report  of  the  Bedford- 
shire Architectural  and  Archaeological  Society 
(1881)  contains  the  following  :— 

"  The  Fleetwood  Cabinet.  —  During  the  visit 
of  the  Institute  several  members,  who  were  in- 
troduced by  Mr.  H.  Tebbs,  visited  Grove  House, 
Bromham  Road,  the  residence  of  Miss  Corcoran, 
who  kindly  allowed  the  party  to  inspect  the  costly 
ebony  cabinet  formerly  belonging  to  Bridget, 
daughter  of  Oliver  Cromwell,  who  married  Lieut.  - 
General  Charles  Fleetwood  after  the  death  of 
General  Ireton,  her  first  husband." 
The  report  continues  with  a  minute  descrip- 
tion of  the  cabinet,  and  mentions  that  it 
was  described  in  one  of  the  magazines  in 
1841.  Can  some  Bedfordshire  reader  of  this 
paragraph  state  who  is  the  present  owner,  as 
Miss  Corcoran,  if  living,  has  apparently 
removed  1  E.  W.  B. 

REV.  JOHN  WILLIAMS.— Can  any  of  your 
readers  give  me  any  information  as  to  the 
life  of  the  Rev.  John  Williams,  forty  years 
master  of  Ystrad  Meiric  Grammar  School, 
Cardiganshire  ?  He  died  in  1818. 

ARTHUR  W.  THOMAS,  M.D. 

Carmelita,  Crabton  Close  Road,  Boscombe. 

WILLIAM  WARTON,  1764. — Any  clue  to  the 
above,  who  is  in  the  lists  of  people  painted 
by  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds,  will  oblige. 

A.  C.  H. 

HONE:  A  POBTRAIT. — I  have  in  my  possession 
a  very  fine  enamel  miniature  of  an  unknown 
lady  by  Nathaniel  Hone,  signed,  1749.  I 
should  be  much  obliged  if  any  of  your 
readers  could  help  me  to  identify  it,  or  tell 
me  if  there  is  an  authenticated  list  of 
Nathaniel  Hone's  works.  The  portrait  is  in 
its  original  pinchbeck  frame,  and  has  been 
in  my  family  very  many  years. 

M.  NYREN. 

14,  Clifton  Crescent,  Folkestone. 

LISK. —  I  seek  information  concerning  a 
family  named  Lisk  in  Scotland.  Nisbet's 
4  Heraldry,'  vol.  i.  p.  216,  gives  :  "The  name 
of  Lisk,  Argent,  three  mascles  azure ;  and  on 
a  chief  gules  as  many  mascles  of  the  first.— 
Font's  Manuscript."  Nisbet  adds  no  remarks 
of  his  own  to  what  he  finds  in  Pont. 

DAVID  C.  LUSK. 

ELIAS  TRAVERS'S  DIARY.— A  writer  in  the 
British  Quarterly  Review,  vol.  Iv.  (1872),  says 
the  unpublished  diary  of  Elias  Travers  came 
into  his  possession  through  a  friend  into 
whose  collection  the  MSS.  of  Law  (author  of 
*  Serious  Call ')  and  those  of  Dr.  Lee,  son-in 
law  of  Mrs.  Jane  Lead,  passed.  Travers  (1675- 
1681)  was  chaplain  to  Sir  T.  Barn[ar  ?]diston,of 
Kelton  Hall.  The  diary  is  said  to  be  written 


in  "  the  minutest  character  and  in  very  fair 
Latin."  The  late  Canon  Overton,  who  pub- 
lished a  book  on  William  Law,  once  wrote  to 
me  that  he  had  never  heard  of  this  diary  or 
found  any  trace  of  it.  Can  any  one  tell  me 
anything  about  this  diary  1  Where  can  it  be 
seen?  J.  FOSTER,  D.C.L. 

Tathwell  Vicarage,  Louth,  Lines. 

THE  WHITE  COMPANY  :  "  NAKER." — In  Sir 
A.  Conan  Doyle's  novel  of  this  name  the  men 
composing  the  company  are  described  as 
English  archers,  whilst  Dr.  Brewer,  in  his 

*  Dictionary  of  Phrase  and  Fable,'  states  that 
they  were  "a  band  of  French  cut-throats." 
Were  there  two  "  White  Companies,"  or  has 
somebody  blundered  ? 

In  the  novel  the  word  naker  is  more  than 
once  used  in  the  sense  of  a  trumpet ;  but 
does  it  not  properly  mean  some  kind  of 
drum?  V.  O.  B. 

[  Annandale's    '  Imperial    Dictionary '    and    the 

*  Encyclopaedic '  derive  naker  from  L.L.  nacara,  a> 
kettledrum,  and  so  define  it.] 

AIRAULT.— Can  you  give  me  any  particulars 
of  this  family,  part  of  which  were  of  Rhode 
Island,  N.Y.,  about  the  year  1770? 

J.  PILE. 

COUTANCES,  WINCHESTER,  AND  THE  CHANNEL 
ISLANDS.— On  20  January,  1500,  a  Bull  of 
Pope  Alexander  VI.  transferred  the  Channel 
Islands  from  the  diocese  of  Coutances  to  that 
of  Winchester  (Rymer's  'Fcedera,'  xii.  740). 
What  occasion  was  there  for  this  Bull  ?  Was 
it  ever  revoked?  Edward  VI.  seems  to  have 
ordered  that  the  Bishop  of  Coutances  should 
be  considered  as  diocesan  of  the  Channel 
Islands  in  all  things  not  contrary  to  the  laws 
of  the  realm.  (See  '  S.  P.  Dom.  Add.  Eliz./ 
ix.  38.)  Where  is  the  text  of  this  order  to 
be  found?  At  the  beginning  of  Elizabeth's 
reign  the  priests  of  Guernsey  were  "  sworn 
subjects  of  the  Bishop  of  Coutances  "  ('  S.  P. 
Dom.  Add.  Eliz.,'  ix.  53).  From  this  it  would 
appear  that  at  some  period  or  other,  between 
1500  and  1560,  the  Bull  of  Alexander  VI.  had 
been  revoked.  Did  the  Pope  or  the  Queen 
order  anything  further  in  this  matter  in  the 
reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth  ? 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

ST.  NINIAN'S  CHURCH.— Bede  wrote  that 
St.  Ninian's  Church  was  called  Candida 
Casa  because  it  was  built  of  stone,  which  was 
unusual  among  the  Britons. 

Seebohm,  in  'The  English  Village  Com- 
munity,' in  a  foot-note  on  p.  239,  says  :  ilTo 
make  a  royal  house  more  pretentious  the 
bark  is  peeled  off,  and  it  is  called  '  the  White 
House.'" 


10*  s.  ii.  JULY  23, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


69 


Is  it  not  strange  that  the  natives  should 
have  given  to  a  stone  building,  which  was  a 
novelty,  the  name  they  commonly  used  for 
a  familiar  type  of  wooden  building  ?  Surely 
also  it  is  improbable  that  the  name  Candida 
Casa  would  suggest  itself  to  the  mission- 
aries as  appropriate  for  an  ordinary  stone 
church. 

On  the  other  hand,  if  "  Candida  Casa  "  was 
neither  the  name  that  the  missionaries  were 
likely  to  give  of  their  own  accord  to  a  stone 
church,  nor  the  translation  of  the  name  that 
the  natives  were  likely  to  apply  to  a  stone 
church,  it  is  the  name  which  the  missionaries 
most  probably  did  give  to  a  royal  house,  and 
which  would  bo  the  most  natural  translation 
of  the  native  name  for  a  royal  house. 

No  satisfactory  site  has  been  found  for  the 
original  church.  Could  it  possibly  have 
been  made  of  wood,  like  the  house  of  a  native 
king?  Bede's  tale  of  stone  may  well  be  an 
explanation  of  his  own  for  the  uncommon 
name.  (It  will  be  remembered  that  the 
tribal  house  was  pillared  like  a  rude  Gothic 
cathedral ;  though  I  am  not  sure  that  this 
makes  it  any  more  probable  that  St.  Ninian's 
church  was  of  wooa.)  D.  C.  L. 

THE  RECTORS  OF  CROWHURST,  SUSSEX.— 
Some  years  ago  I  published  a  list  of  our 
rectors  which  I  had  obtained  from  the 
Bishop's  Registry,  commencing  1396.  Re- 
cently, however,  I  have  come  across  '  A  List 
of  the  Rectors,  Prebendaries,  and  Vicars  of 
the  Parish  of  Crowhurst,  Sussex,  presented 
by  the  Crown '  ('  Sussex  Archaeological  Col- 
lections,' xvii.  106  ;  xxi.  57,  58).  This  list 
dates  from  1273  to  1471,  but  the  names  do 
not  even  in  one  instance  coincide.  I  should 
be  glad  of  any  suggestion  which  would  eluci- 
date this  mystery.  J.  P.  BACON-PHILLIPS. 

Crowhurst  Rectory,  Sussex. 

ISABELLA  BASSET,  1346.— Isabella,  wife  of 
Simon,  Lord  Basset  of  Sapcote,  was  daughter 
of  William,  Lord  Boteler  of  Wem.  Was  this 
the  first  or  second  William,  Lord  Boteler? 
Who  was  Isabella's  mother?  She  seems  to 
have  been  living  a  widow  in  1346.  Her 
husband  was  dead  in  1328.  W.  G.  D.  F. 

'ROAD  SCRAPINGS.'— This  is  the  title  of  a 
series  of  twelve  etchings  published  in  1840-41 
by  N.  Calvert,  No.  30,  Wakefield  Street, 
Regent's  Square.  They  represent  coaching 
and  travelling  scenes,  and  are  drawn  and 
etched  by  an  artist  whose  signature  appears 
to  be  C.  H.  J.,  or  it  may  be  C.  I.,  with  these 
initials  repeated  upside  down.  Can  any  of 
my  fellow-readers  of  'N.  &  Q.'  tell  me  the 
man's  name  ?  C.  W.  S. 


MARGARET   BISET. 
(10th  S.  i.  4G8.) 

THIS  same  Margaret  Biset,  who  saved 
Henry  III.  from  an  assassin  on  9  September, 
1238,  is  mentioned  by  Matthew  Paris  (*  Hist. 
Angl.,'  vol.  ii.  p.  380)  as  haying  been  sent  as 
a  companion  to  Henry's  sister  Isabel,  when 
the  latter  went  to  Germany  to  marry  the 
Emperor  Frederick  II.  This  event  took  place 
at  Worms  in  the  year  1235.  Another  maid 
also  accompanied  her  ("  Cum  sua  nutrice  et 
magistra  scilicet  Margareta  Biset,  et  altera 
ancilla  aurifrigaria  Londoniensi ").  The  story 
of  saving  Henry's  life  is  given,  vol.  ii.  pp.  412, 
413.  Margaret  is  there  described  as  "quse- 
dam  mulier,  dominse  reginse  familiaris."  In 
the  same  vol.  p.  468,  her  death  is  mentioned 
as  having  taken  place  at  Bordeaux,  1242 
("  obiit  quoque  mulier  sanctissima  apud  Bur- 
degalim  Margareta  Biset").  In  'Annales 
Monastici,'  vol.  iv.  p.  431,  the  story  of  the 
assassin  is  once  more  repeated.  It  is  in  that 
part  of  the  volume  which  gives  the  *  Annales 
Prioratus  de  Wigornia.' 

In  '  Sarum  Charters  and  Documents  (ed. 
by  Jones  and  Macray,  p.  74)  there  is  given  a 
deed  granting  to  Margaret  Biset  a  corrody 
on  the  Priory  of  Maiden  Bradley,  in  Somer- 
setshire, in  return  for  her  benefaction  to  the 
house.  The  date  is  circa  1210,  and  the  docu- 
ment is  a  confirmation  by  the  Dean  and 
Chapter  of  Sarum  of  an  agreement  between  the 
Prior  of  Maiden  Bradley  and  Margaret  Biset. 
The  facts  contained  in  the  paper  are  briefly 
these:  Henry  Biset,  once  patron  (advocatus) 
of  the  priory,  granted  to  his  sister  Margaret, 
inasmuch  as  she  was  devoted  to  a  life  of 
contemplation  and  was  a  celibate,  the  rent 
of  a  certain  place  in  the  manor  of  Burgate 
("centum  solidos  redditus  in  certo  loco  in 
Manerio  de  Burgate"),  which  she  for  a  long 
time  held  for  her  own  use.  But  later,  pitying 
the  poverty  of  the  priory  and  the  misery  of 
the  lepers  there,  she  gave  up  the  whole  of  the 
rent  to  this  hospital  to  be  held  by  it  for  ever. 
Then  it  appears  that  the  members  of  the 
priory  assigned  an  income  to  her  for  life,  the 
items  of  which  are  mentioned,  and  amongst 
which  is  the  donation  of  2lb.  of  pepper 
(duas  libras  piperis\  to  be  presented  on  the 
Feast  of  St.  Michael.  Also  she  is  to  possess 
the  houses  which  she  has  caused  to  be  built 
for  the  establishment  ("domos  in  curia  nostra 
quas  sibi  fecit  sumptibus  suis  fabricari  ). 
At  her  death  the  entire  property  is  to  belong 
to  the  priory. 

Under  Maiden  Bradley,  in  Lewis's  *  lopo- 


70 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io««  s.  n.  JULY  23, 


graph y,' I  find  it  stated  that  at  the  north-east 
extremity  of  this  village,  and  now  forming  a 
part  of  a  farmhouse,  are  the  remains  of  an 
hospital  founded  by  Manasser  Biset,  about 
the  close  of  the  reign  of  Stephen  or  at  the 
beginning  of  that  of  Henry  II.,  and  dedicated 
to  the  Blessed  Virgin,  for  leprous  women, 
placed  under  the  care  of  some  secular  brethren 
(who  were  afterwards  changed  by  Herbert, 
Bishop  of  Sarum,  into  a  Prior  and  Canons  of 
the  Augustine  Order).  At  its  dissolution  the 
revenue  was  1971.  18s.  8d. 

It  may  be  of  interest  to  note  the  other 
contemporary  Bisets  mentioned  by  Matthew 
Paris  and  others. 

In  'Chronica  Majora,'  iv.  200,  in  the  para- 
graph which  follows  the  account  of  Margaret 
Biset's  death,  Matthew  Paris  speaks  of  one 
Walter  Biset,  who  in  1242  being  defeated  by 
Patrick,  Earl  of  Atholl,  in  a  tournament, 
revenged  himself  by  murdering  the  earl, 
setting  fire  to  the  barn  (horreum)  where  he 
was  sleeping  and  burning  him  to  death. 
Walter  then  fled  for  protection  from  the 
pursuing  nobles  to  Alexander  II.,  King  of 
Scots,  who  allowed  him  to  go  into  exile.  He, 
however,  came  to  Henry  III.  and  complained 
that  he  had  been  unjustly  banished,  and 
offered  to  prove  his  innocence  by  combat. 
During  the  Welsh  campaign  in  1245  he  dis- 
tinguished himself  by  martial  exploits  on 
board  a  vessel  conveying  provisions  to  the 
English  beleaguered  garrison. 

John  Biset,  d.  1241  (?  5  January),  was  Chief 
Forester  of  England  (protkoforestarius).  He 
and  Gilbert  Basset  (died  same  year)  are 
described  as  "Anglise  Magnates,"  and  as 
men  so  distinguished  in  arms  that  they  had 
not  their  equals  in  the  country.  The  arms 
of  John  Biset  as  given  by  Matthew  Paris  are  • 
"Azure,  ten  bezants,  4,  3,  2,1."  At  a  proposed 
tournament  at  Northampton,  which  was  to 
have  taken  place  between  the  English  and 
foreigners  (alienigence),  but  which  was  for- 
bidden by  Henry  III,  he  was  to  have  fought 
on  the  side  of  the  latter  ('Chron.  Mai  '  iv 
88,  89). 

Another  John  Biset  ( Johannes  Bysetjuvenis) 
was  one  of  those  who  sent  the  charter  of 
Jiing  Alexander  II.  to  Pope  Innocent  IV 
('Chron.  Maj.,' iv.  383). 

In  'Rotuli  Litterarum  Clausarum,'  vol.  ii 
TT7?e     T^efcs  xr?  named   under  date    1226*: 
Walter  Biset,  John  Biset,  and  Henry  Biset  to 
whom  various  sums  of  money  are  to  be  paid. 

In  the  Chronicles '  of  the  reigns  of  Stephen, 
Henry  II,  and  Richard  I.  (ed.  Richard  How- 
lett)  m  vol  m.  p  414  (A.D.  1191),  a  Henry 
Biset  is  called  a  friend  of  the  Chancellor 
Longchamp  (vir  Jidehs  sibi),  and  warns  him 


of  a  plot  that  Prince  John  had  on  foot  to 
seize  him  ;  in  consequence  of  which  Long- 
champ  takes  refuge  in  the  Tower  of  London 
and  is  saved. 

There  is  in  the  British  Museum  a  seal 
(equestrian)  of  one  Henry  Biset  of  Fording- 
bridge,  co.  Hants  (No.  5713,  early  thirteenth 
century). 

Another  Biset,  whose  name  constantly 
recurs  in  the  records,  was  Manasser  Biset. 
He  lived  in  the  reign  of  Henry  II.,  and  was 
his  chamberlain  or  sewer  (dapifer).  His 
signature  is  appended  to  many  deeds.  The 
following  are  some  that  I  have  noted  : — 

1.  *  Chronicon    Monasterii  de  Abingdon  ' 
(ed.  Rev.  J.   Stevenson,  vol.  ii.  p.  221).    A 
writ  respecting    pannage  in   the    forest    of 
Kingsfrith,   addressed  by   Henry  II.  to  the 
Abbot  of    Abingdon,   ending    thus :    "  teste 
Mansero  Biset,  dapifero ;  apud  Rothomagum." 
Date  between  1154  and  1189. 

2.  '  Chronicles  of  Stephen,  Henry  II.,  and 
Richard  I.'  (vol.  iv.  p.  349).     Confirmation  by 
Henry  II.  of  an  agreement  between  Abbot 
Robert  of  Torigni  and   Rualend  de  Genets 
(after  1166).      Witnessed,    "Mansero    Biset, 
dapifero." 

3.  '  Chronicon  Abbatise  Rameseiensis '  (ed. 
W.   D.   Macray),   p.   291.     (a)  .  A  deed    "de 
Molendinis    de    Iclesford."      Henry    to    the 
Justices,  &c.,  of  Bedfordshire  and  Hertford- 
shire, to  allow  the  Abbot  of  Ramsey  to  hold 
the  mills  (molendina)  of  Iclesford.   Witnesses, 
Richard,  Bp.  of  London,  and  Man[asse]  Biset, 
at  Woodstock  (A.D.  1154-62).    (b)  Same  date 
(p.  297).    A  deed  **  de  tenuris,"  witnessed  at 
Dunstable  by  Man[asse]  Biseht  (some  MSS. 
read  Biseth). 

4.  'Materials  for  the    History  of  Thomas 
Becket'  (vol.  v.  p.  73).  Amongst  those  recorded 
as  present  at  the  Council  of  Clarendon  when 
the  Constitutions  were  passed  (January,  1164) 
was  "Manasser  Biseth,  dapifer."    He  is  also 
mentioned  frequently  in  the  history  and  car- 
tulary of  the  monastery  of  Gloucester. 

Baldred  Bissait  or  Bisset  (fl.  1303)  was  a 
native  of  Stirling  and  rector  of  Kingshorn, 
in  the  diocese  of  St.  Andrews.  To  him  is 
attributed  the  story  of  the  Scottish  Corona- 
tion Stone,  which  he  asserted  that  Scota,  the 
daughter  of  Pharaoh,  brought  to  Scotland 

D.N.B.'). 

We  find  the  two  names  Basset  and  Biset 
together  in  the  '  Calendar  of  Ancient  Deeds,' 
vol.  ii.  (A.  3221).  "  Grant  by  John  de  Nevile 
x)  Philip  Basset  of  his  manor  of  Wotton,  to 
lold  by  the  service  of  a  sixth  part  of  a 
c  night's  fee.  Witnesses:  Gibert  Basset,  John 
Biset,  William  Maudut,  and  others  (named). 
Seal."  There  is  no  date  to  this,  but  in  the 


ws.ii.joLY23.i9w.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


71 


margin  Somerset  is  given  as  the  place.  It  i 
possible  that  these  two,  Gilbert  Basset  an< 
John  Biset,  are  the  same  as  those  of  the  sani 
names  (above)  who  died  1241. 

In  another  deed  (vol.  i.  B.  1796)  a  certain 
Roger,  son  of  Ralph  Byset,  of  Kynnardfery 
Lines,  makes  a  grant  of  a  croft  to  Richarc 
Burr',  of  Ouston,  and  Agnes  his  wife,  unde 
date  1397. 

In  Woodward's  'Heraldry*  the  arms  o 
Bisset  are  given  (p.  133)  as  "Argent,  a  bend 
sinister  gules,"  and  on  p.  191  other  arms  are 
also  assigned  to  this  family,  viz.,  "  Azure,  a 
bezant"  (cf.  the  latter  with  the  arms  given 
to  Jno.  Biset  by  Matthew  Paris). 

Many  of  the  Bisets  named  above  seem  t< 
have  been  connected  with  Scotland.  Is  ii 
not  possible  that  they  belong  to  the  ancieni 
family  of  Bisset,  of  Lissendrum,  Drumblade, 
near  Huntly,  Aberdeenshire  ?  For  their 
descendants,  lineage,  &c.,  vide  Burke'i 
4  Landed  Gentry.' 

It  is  mentioned  in  the  '  Rhymed  History  o 
Scotland'   that   the  Bissets    migrated  from 
England  to  Scotland. 

CHRISTOPHER  WATSON. 
264,  Worple  Road,  Wimbledon. 

She  was  a  descendant  of  Manasser  Biset, 
well-known  figure  in  the  middle  of  the  twelfth 
century,  who  founded  the  house  of  leprous 
women  at  Maiden  Bradley,  in  Wiltshire. 
Fundatrix  is  here  used  in  its  common  sense 
of  "patroness."  R. 


CLASSIC  AND  TRANSLATOR  (10th  S.  i.  508).— 
The  author  is  Antiphanes,  whose  surviving 
fragments  canbeseeninMeineke's  'Fragrnenta 
Comicorum  Grsecorum'  (5  vols.  1839-57), 
vol.  iii.  pp.  3  sqq.,  and  also  in  Kock's  *  Comi- 
.corum  Atticorum  .Fragrnenta  '  (3  vols.  1880- 
1888).  This  fragment  is  numbered  Incert.  12 
in  Meineke  and  235  in  Kock.  I  do  not  know 
the  translator.  May  I  subjoin  my  own 
version,  published  in  1895  ?  — 

A  man  can  hide  all  things,  excepting  twain  — 
That  he  is  drunk,  and  that  he  is  in  love. 

Then  looks  and  words  do  testify  so  plain, 
Himself  his  own  denial  doth  disprove. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 
The  verse  quoted  is  a  translation  from  the 
Greek  of  Antiphanes  (Middle  Comedy,  flor. 
c.  360  B.C.)  :— 


rdAAa  ris  SVVOLIT  av  TrXrjv  8voivt 
olvov  re  irivwv  et§  epwrd  r  e/ZTreo-tui'. 
a/L<j)()Tfpa  jj.r]vv€L  yap  diru  TWI/  /JAe/i/^aTWi/ 
KUI  roll/  Aoywi/  ravd\  (oVrc  TOVS  u.pvovfj.€vov<; 
A  terra  TOVTOUS  [ravra]  Kara^avcts  Trotet. 


Quoted  in  the  Epitome  of  book  ii.  of 
Athenteus,  cap.  6,  fin.,  or  Teubner,  §  38.  The 
original  is  also  in  the  Didot  'Poet.  Com. 
Grsec.,'  p.  407.  The  translation  given  by 
RESERVE  OF  OFFICERS  is  that  in  Bonn's 
'Athenaeus/  vol.  i.  p.  62,  and  is  presumably 
by  C.  D.  Yonge.  H.  K.  ST.  J.  S. 

BEER  SOLD  WITHOUT  A  LICENCE  (10th  S.  ii. 
9).— It  forms  a  part  of  my  early  recollections 
of  my  native  town  (Wotton  -  under- Edge, 
Gloucestershire)  that  on  the  fair  days 
(25,26  Sept.)  any  householder  had  a  right, 
which  was  freely  exercised,  to  sell  beer  with- 
out a  licence.  Such  houses  were  distinguished 
by  a  shrub  or  bush  placed  conspicuously  over 
the  entrance  door,  and  were  hence  called 
"  Bush-houses."  The  origin  of  this  right  I 
have  no  knowledge  of,  but  it  probably  lapsed 
at  the  reform  of  the  corporation  under  Sir 
C.  Dilke's  Act  in  1886.  The  custom  seems  to 
be  alluded  to  in  the  old  adage  "  Good  wine 
needs  no  bush."  JAMES  T.  PRESLEY. 

Cheltenham  Library. 

As  a  fair  is  a  franchise  which  is  obtained 
by  a  grant  of  the  Crown,  did  not  this  royal 
privilege  or  franchise  confer  the  right  during 
such  fair  times  to  sell  beer  as  well  as  other 
commodities  without  the  necessity  for  any 
further  licence  ?  Perhaps  the  General 
Licensing  Act,  9  George  IV.,  c.  61,  affected 
this  right.  The  Licensing  Act  of  1872  was 
amended  in  1874,  when  it  was  enacted  that 

any  person  selling  or  exposing  for  sale  any 
intoxicating  liquor  in  any  booth,  tent,  or  place 
within  the  limits  of  holding  any  lawful  and  accus- 
tomed fair  or  any  races,  without  an  occasional 
licence  authorizing  such  sale,  shall,  notwithstanding 
anything  contained  in  any  Act  of  Parliament  to  the 
contrary,  be  deemed  to  be  a  person  selling  or  ex- 
3osing  for  sale  by  retail  intoxicating  liquor  at  a 
jlace  where  he  is  not  authorized  by  his  licence  to 
sell  the  same,  and  be  punished  accordingly."— See 
^hitty's  'Statutes,'  1894,  vol.  v.,  'Intoxicating 

liquors,'  Excise  Licensing  Act,  1825,  §  11 ;  1828, 
§36;  and  1874,  §18. 

J.   HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

LAMONT  HARP  (10th  S.  i.  329).  —  The  fol- 
owing  is  my  note  communicated  to  Scottish 
Notes  and  Queries,  Second  Series,  vi.  11.    Two 
ancient  instruments  known  as  Queen  Mary's 
and  the  Lamont  harp,  which  have  for  many 
^ears  been  exhibited  in  the  National    Scot- 
ish   Museum   of  Antiquities,    were   sold  by 
.uction  in  Edinburgh  in  March.    The  Queen's 
iarp  was  bought  for  850  guineas  on   behalf 
f  the  Museum  of  Antiquities,  and  the  Lamont 
arp  was  purchased  on  behalf  of  a  gentleman 
'hose  name  did  not  transpire,  but  who  it  is 
nderstood  will  permit  the  harp  to  be  placed 
n  the  museum  on  loan.    MR.  HUGHES  may 


72 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  11.  JULY  23,  MM. 


note  that  Mr.  Robert  Bruce  Armstrong,  who 
has  made  a  special  study  of  the  harp,  will 
shortly  issue  his  work  entitled  'Musical 
Instruments  :  the  Irish  and  the  Highland 
Harps,'  which  will  deal  with  the  Lamont 
harp  and  others  of  minor  note.  The  pub- 
lisher is  David  Douglas, Edinburgh;  the  size, 
large  4to,  viii-185  ;  price,  60s.  net. 

ROBERT  MURDOCH  LAWRANCE. 
71,  Bon-Accord  Street,  Aberdeen. 

PASTE  (10th  S.  i.  447,  477,  510 ;  ii.  19).— 

In  "The  Cook's  Oracle the  whole  being 

the  Result  of  Actual  Experiments  instituted 

in  the  Kitchen  of  a  Physician again 

revised  by  the  Author  of  *  The  Art  of  Invi- 
gorating Life  by  Food,'  &c.  Sixth  edition. 
London,  Printed  for  A.  Constable  &  Co., 
Edinburgh;  and  Hurst,  Robinson  &  Co., 
Cheapside,  1823,"  p.  320,  No.  434,  is  the 
following  : — 

"  Anchovy  Paste,  or  le  Beurre  d'Anchois.  Pound 
them  in  a  mortar,  then  rub  it  through  a  fine  sieve  ; 
pot  it ;  cover  with  clarified  butter,  and  keep  it  in 
a  cool  place. 

"  N.B.  If  you  have  Essence  of  Anchovy,  you  may 
make  Anchovy  Paste  Extempore,  by  rubbing  the 
Essence  with  as  much  flower  as  will  make  a  paste. 
Mem.  This  is  merely  mentioned  as  the  means  of 
making  it  immediately,— it  will  not  keep." 

Then  follow  suggestions  for  making  the 
paste  stiffer  and  hotter  by  the  addition  of 
mustard,  pickled  walnut,  spice,  or  curry 
powder,  &c. 

"It  is  an  excellent  garnish  for  Fish,  put  in  pats 
round  the  edge  of  the  dish,  or  will  make  Anchovy 
Toast,— or  Devil  a  Biscuit,  &c.,  in  high  style." 

The  word  "  them"  in  the  first  line  of  the 
receipt  means  anchovies.  The  preceding 
receipt  treats  of  making  quintessence  of 
anchovy  out  of  Gorgona  anchovies. 

A  note  attached  to  this  receipt  says  :— 

"The  Economist  may  take  the  thick  remains 
that  won't  pass  through  the  sieve  and  pound  it 
with  some  flower,  and  make  Anchovy  Paste,  or 
Powder.  See  (Nos.  434  and  435)." 

The  index  gives  u Anchovy  Butter."  "An- 
chovy Paste." 

Anchovy    paste    is    mentioned    in    'The 
Housekeeper's    Guide,'    by    Esther    Copley 
(London,  1834),  p.  372,  No.  749.     It  appears 
to  be  what  will  not  pass  through  the  sieve 
in  making  essence  of  anchovies. 
I  may  mention  that,  according  to  Burnet's 
Dictionnaire     de    Cuisine'    (Paris,     1836), 
irre  d  anchois  is  made  of  anchovies  and 
butter,  not  anchovies  only. 
.*?  \T£e  Compleat  Housewife:  or  Accom- 
plished Gentlewoman's  Companion,'  by  E 

— ,  third  edition,  London,  printed  for  J. 
Pemberton,  at  the  Golden  Buck,  over  against 
St.  Dunstan's  Church  in  Fleet  Street,  1729 


p.  170,  are  receipts  "To  make  a  Paste  of 
Green  Pippins,"  and  "To  make  white  Quince 
Paste."  Red  Quince  Paste  may  be  made 
according  to  the  latter  receipt,  "  only  colour 
the  Quince  with  Cochineal."  These  receipts 
appear  to  produce  dry  sweetmeats,  com- 
pounded of  fruit  and  sugar. 

ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

Directions  to  make  anchovy  paste  are  given 
in  '  The  Cook's  Oracle,'  fourth  edition,  by  the 
author  of  '  The  Art  of  Invigorating  Life  by 
Food,'  1822  (printed  for  A.  Constable  &  Co., 
Edinburgh).  J.  ASTLEY. 

PHILLIPPS  MSS.  :  BEATRICE  BARLOW  (10th  S. 
ii.  28). — These  manuscripts  were  purchased 
eleven  years  ago  by  the  Corporation  of 
Cardiff,  and  are  preserved  in  the  Central 
Free  Library  of  that  borough.  I  have  been 
through  the  Barlow  papers  referred  to  by 
CYMRO.  They  are  certainly  of  very  great 
interest.  The  first  Barlow  of  Slebech  was 
a  nephew  of  the  first  Protestant  Bishop  of 
St.  David's,  of  the  same  surname,  but,  unlike 
his  uncle,  was  a  fervent  Catholic.  An  article 
on  the  papers  in  question,  by  the  present 
writer,  may  be  found  in  the  Tablet  of 
20  June,  1896,  containing  many  extracts. 

JOHN  HOBSON  MATTHEWS. 

Monmouth. 

"WAS  YOU?"  AND  "You  WAS"  (10th  S.  i. 
509).— See  Byron,  'Don  Juan,'  Canto  IV. 
Ixxxviii. : — 

You  was  not  last  year  at  the  fair  of  Lugo. 
On  which  Mr.  E.  H.  Coleridge  has  the  fol- 
lowing note  in  the  latest  edition  : — 

"The  'N.  Eng.  Diet.'  cites  Bunyan,  Walpole, 
Fielding,  Miss  Austen,  and  Dickens  as  authorities 
for  the  plural  'was.'  See  Art. 'be.'  Here,  as  else- 
where, Byron  wrote  as  he  spoke." 

J.  R.  F.  G. 

This  question  opens  up  one  for  discussion. 
In  many  instances  in  my  book  just  published 
I  have  after  great  consideration  discarded 
the  popular  were  for  ivas.  Surely  when  ivas 
refers  to  the  past  it  is  more  correct,  in 
some  instances  at  all  events.  I  think  "you 
was  supported,"  as  quoted,  is  right. 

A  deaf  witness  was  being  examined  in 
court.  Counsel  asked  him,  "Were  you  there?" 
He  did  not  hear,  so  the  judge  repeated  the 
question  ;  again  he  did  not  hear.  Then  the 
usher  goes  up  to  him  and  bawls  in  his  ear, 
"  His  lordship  says,  '  Was  you  there  ? ' "  The 
witness,  turning  to  the  judge,  impressively 
replied,  "Yes,  my  lord,  I  were." 

RALPH  THOMAS. 

["You  was  "  occurs  in  the  second  line  of  Cowper's 
letter  quoted  ante,  p.  2,  col.  2,  by  PROF.  MAYOR.] 


io-s.ii.JcLv23.i9oi.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


BROWNING'S  "THUNDER-FREE"  (10th  S.  i. 
504).— The  note  on  this  phrase  by  F.  J.  F. 
tempts  me  to  ask  readers  of  *  N .  &  Q.'  to 
add  any  further  references  they  know  to  the 
few  following  : — 

(1)  "Ex  his  quse  terra  gignuntur,  lauri  fruticem 

non  icit  [fulmen] yitulos  marines  non  percutit, 

nee  e  volucribus  aquilara." — Plin.,  '  H.  N.,'  ii.  55, 
§56. 

(2)  "Tonitrua  ["Tiberius]    prater    modum    ex- 
pavescebat,  et  turbatiore  coelo  nunquam  non  coro- 
nam  lauream  capite  gestavit,  quod  fulmine  afflari 
negetur  id  genus  frondis." — ISuet.,  '  Tib./  69. 

(3)  Plutarch,  '  Quoest.    Conv.,'  book  iv.  ii. 
cap.  1,  §  5,  mentions  as  immune  from  light- 
ning  "  the  proverbial  bulb "    (what  is   the 
allusion  ?),  the  fig-tree,  the  hide  of  the  sea- 
calf,  and  that  of  the  hyaena. 

(4)  Kabelais,  *  Pantagruel,'  book  iv.  cap.  62, 
gives  laurels,  fig-trees,  and  sea-calves,  "be- 
cause of    their  smell,"  a  truly  .Rabelaisian 
reason  why 

Lightnings  should  go  aside 
The  just  man  not  to  entomb, 

who  is  fortified  with  any  of  these  odours. 

(5)  Swinburne,  'To  V.  Hugo,'  'Poems  and 
Ballads, 'First  Series:— 

In  the  old  days,  when  God 

By  man  as  godlike  trod, 
Ana  each  alike  was  Greek,  alike  was  free, 

God's  lightning  spared,  they  said, 

Alone  the  happier  head 
Whose  laurels  screened  it. 

H.  K.  ST.  J.  S. 

[M.  P.  H.  also  quotes  Mr.  Swinburne.] 

ROMAN  TENEMENT  HOUSES  (10th  S.  i.  369). 
—I  am  indebted  to  'Rome  in  the  Nineteenth 
Century,'  by  Charlotte  A.  Eaton  (Bohn,  I860), 
vol.  ii.  p.  292,  for  the  following  information 
on  the  above  subject : — 

"  The  people  here  live  in  flats  and  have  a  com- 
mon stair,  as  in  Edinburgh.  Though  by  no  means 
conducive  to  cleanliness  or  comfort,  it  is  highly 
favourable  to  grandeur  of  appearance  and  archi- 
tectural effect :  for  by  this  means  the  houses  are 
built  upon  so  much  larger  a  scale  that  their  exterior 
is  susceptible  of  fine  design  and  ornament,  and 
even  when  plain,  or  in  bad  taste,  it  is  scarcely 
possible  they  should  not  have  a  more  noble  air  than 
the  mean,  paltry,  little  rows  of  houses  in  England 
and  Holland,  where  everybody  must  have  one  of 
his  own." 

Augustus  J.  C.  Hare's  'Walks  in  Rome' 
states  :— 

' '  When  we  have  once  known  Rome,' wrote  Haw- 
thorne, '  and  left  her  where  she  lies left  her,  tired 

of  the  sight  of  those  immense  seven-storied  yellow- 
washed  hovels,  or  call  them  palaces,  where  all  that 
is  dreary  in  domestic  life  seems  magnified  and  uiulti- 

*  Readers  of  the  late  lamented  Mr.  R.  D.  Black- 
more  will  be  pleased  to  note  how  such  wits  as 
Tiberius  and  Mr.  Gaston  jump. 


plied,  and  weary  of  climbing  those  staircases  which 
ascend  from  a  ground-floor  of  cook-shops,  cobblers' 
stalls,  stables,  and  regiments  of  cavalry  to  a  middle 
region  of  princes,  cardinals,  and  ambassadors,  and 
to  an  upper  tier  of  artists,  just  beneath  the  un- 
attainable sky left  her,  in  short,  hating  her  with 

all  our  might,  and  adding  our  individual  curse  to 
the  infinite  anathema  which  her  crimes  have 
unmistakably  brought  down :— when  we  have  left 
Rome  in  such  a  mood  as  this,  we  are  astonished 
by  the  discovery,  by-and-by,  that  our  heartstrings- 
have  mysteriously  attached  themselves  to  the 
Eternal  City,  and  are  drawing  us  thitherward 
again,  as  if  it  were  more  familiar,  more  intimately 
our  home,  than  even  the  spot  where  we  were 
born.'"— Vol.  i.  p.  12. 

Byron  expressed  his  appreciation  of  Rome 
in  the  following  words  :— 
The  Niobe  of  nations,  there  she  stands 
Childless'and  crqwnless,  in  her  voiceless  woe  j 
An  empty  urn  within  her  withered  hands, 
Whose  sacred  dust  was  scattered  long  ago  ; 
The  Scipios'  tomb  contains  no  ashes  now  ; 
The  very  sepulchres  lie  tenantless 
Of  their  heroic  dwellers :  dost  thou  flow, 
Old  Tiber  !  through  a  marble  wilderness  ? 
Rise,  with  thy  yellow  waves,  and  mantle  her  dis- 
tress. 

It  may  not  be  out  of  place  to  add  that  in 
'  Rome,'  by  Francis  Wey  (Chapman  <fc  Hall, 
1875),  at  p.  3,  there  is  an  illustration  entitled 
'  The  Fountain  of  the  Triton,'  in  which  ap- 
pears a  fine-looking  house  of  six  stories. 

HENRY  GERALD  HOPE. 
119,  Elms  Road,  Clapham,  S.W. 

There  does  not  seem  to  be  any  evidence 
that  either  the  Roman  private  house  (domus) 
or  the  cluster  of  contiguous  houses  known  as 
the  insula  consisted  of  more  than  two  upper 
stories — more  generally  but  one — besides  the- 
basement.  Adam,  however,  in  his  'Roman 
Antiquities,'  says  that  the  Roman  houses, 
"for  want  of  room  in  the  city,  were  commonly 
raised  to  a  great  height  by  stories  (contignationibus 
v.  tabulate),  which  were  occupied  by  different 
families,  and  at  a  great  rent,  Juvenal,  iii.  166.  The 
upmost  stories  or  garrets  were  called  ccenacula." 

And  again  he  says, 

"  private  houses  were  not  only  incommodious,  but 
even  dangerous  from  their  height,  and  being  mostly 
built  of  wood,  Juvenal,  iii.  193,  &c.  Scalis  habito 
tribus,  zed  altis,  three  stories  high,  Martial,  i.  118." 

What  may  have  afforded  some  ground  for 
supposing  that  they  were  many-storied,  after 
the  fashion  of  the  American  sky-scraper,  is 
the  magnificent  seven-storied  edifice  known 
as  the  Septizone  of  Severus,  three  stories 
of  which  were  standing  in  a  ruinous  state  in 
the  time  of  Sixtus  V.,  who  caused  them  to  be 
demolished  to  use  the  marble  in  other  build- 
ings. The  Septizonium  consisted  of  seven 
stories  of  columns,  one  above  the  other, 
supporting  seven  distinct  entablatures  or 
zones.  Two  such  structures  are  especially 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  ii.  JULY  23,  MM. 


recorded  in  the  city  of  Home,  one  in  the 
Twelfth  Region,  which  existed  before  the 
time  of  the  Emperor  Titus  (Suet.,  '  Tit.'  2  ; 
Ammian.,  xv.  6,  3),  and  the  other  in  the 
Tenth  Region,  under  the  Palatine  Hill,  and 
near  the  Circus  Maximus,  which  was  built 
by  Septimus  Severus.  This  latter  is  the  one 
of  which  three  stories  remained  until  Pope 
Sixtus  V.  employed  their  columns  in  building 
the  Vatican.  See  Rich's  *  Diet,  of  Greek  and 
Roman  Antiquities,'  s.v.  '  Septizonium,'  where 
there  is  a  woodcut  exhibiting  the  three 
stories  from  an  engraving  of  the  sixteenth 
century  ;  also  article  '  Doinus.'  With  regard 
to  the  continuity  of  the  English  house  from 
Anglo-Roman  times,  see  *  The  Evolution  of 
the  English  House,'  by  S.  O.  Addy,  1898, 
chap.  vi.  p.  93.  J.  HOLDEN  McMiCHAEL. 

Dionysius  of  Halicarnassus,  referring  to 
the  passing  of  the  law  '  De  Aventino  Pub- 
licando,'  in  A.U.C.  298,  writes  (x.  32)  as  follows  : 
Kupw^evTOS  Se  TOV  vo/xov  o~W6\66vT€S  ol  SrjfjiiKol 
rd  re  oiKoVeSa  SitXay^avov  KCU 
ocrov  €KacrTOL  TOTTOV  8vvr)6ei€v 
€L<rl  <5e  o?  crvvSvo  KCU  crvvrfis  KOU  4'n  TrAetove? 


ikv  rot  Karayeta    Aay^avoj/rwv    ere/DWj/    Se    TO, 


The  upper  floors  (vTrepwa)  were  afterwards 
called  coenacula,  cf.  Livy,  xxxix.  14  ;  Cicero, 
'  Agr.,'  ii.  35  ;  Horace,  Ep.  I.  i.  91  ;  Juvenal, 
x.  18.  These  tenement  nouses  (insulce)  were 
usually,  it  would  appear,  three  stories  high. 
Thus  Juvenal,  iii.  199  :  — 

Tabulata  iam  tertia  fumant  ; 
and  Martial,  i.  117,  7  :— 

Scalis  habito  tribus,  sed  altis. 
Some,  however,  must  have  been  higher,  as 
Strabo  (v.   7,   p.   235)    says    that   Augustus 
limited  the  height  of  new  buildings  to  70  ft. 
on  the  sides  abutting  on  public  roads. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

BASS  ROCK  Music  (10th  S.  i.  308,  374,  437). 
—Grose,  in  his  'Antiquities  of  Scotland,' 
1789,  vol.  i.  p.  80,  when  referring  to  the 
attack  on  Tantallon  by  James  V.,  says  :— 

"There  ia  a  tradition  among  the  soldiers,  that 
the  Scots  march  now  beat  was  first  composed  for 
the  troops  going  on  this  siege,  and  that  it  was 
meant  to  express  the  words,  Ding  down  Tantallon." 

W.  S. 

"BIRDS    OF   A  FEATHER    FLOCK    TOGETHER1' 

O°th  ?;#  8>--Nashe>  ^  his  'Lenten  Stuffe,' 
1599  (  Works,'  ed.  Grosart,  vol.  v.  p.  273), 
writes  :  "  Under  whose  colours  they  might 
march  against  these  birdes  of  a  feather,  that 
had  so  colleagued  themselves  togither  to 


destroy  them."    Other  early  references  are  : 
'  Play  of  Stucley  '  (1605),  1.  362  in  Simpson's 

*  School  of  Shakspere,'  i.  172  ;   and  Burton's 

*  Anatomy '  (1621),  III.,  L,  i.  2  (1836),  p.  477. 

G.  L.  APPERSON. 

PHCEBE  HESSEL,  THE  STEPNEY  AMAZON 
(10th  S.  i.  406  ;  ii.  16).— In  Bray  ley's  '  Topo- 
graphical Sketches  of  Brighthelmston,'  p.  54, 
the  epitaph  in  memory  of  Pho3be  Hessel  is 
given  in  full,  from  which  it  appears  that  she 
was  "born  at  Stepney  in  the  year  1713,"  and 
not  at  Chelsea.  She  died  12  December,  1821, 
not  on  the  21st.  E.  H.  W.  D. 

I  think  the  Admiralty  and  Horse  Guards 
Gazette  is  not  at  all  to  be  depended  upon  in 
giving  Chelsea  as  the  birthplace  of  this  old 
soldier.  I  have  always  been  interested  in 
Phrebe's  history,  and  have  amongst  my  books 
and  papers  several  accounts  of  her  life.  In 
every  one,  without  exception,  she  is  stated  to 
have  been  born  at  Stepney.  I  have  not  seen 
the  tombstone  in  Brighton  Churchyard,  but 
an  engraving  of  it  is  given  in  *  Curious  Epi- 
taphs,' collected  and  edited,  with  notes,  by 
William  Andrews  (1899).  The  inscription 
thereon  is  as  follows  : — 

In  Memory  of 

FHCEBE   HESSEL, 

who  was  born  at  Stepney,  in  the  Year  1718. 

She  served  for  many  Years 
as  a  private  Soldier  in  the  5th  Reg*  of  foot 

in  different  parts  of  Europe 
and  in  the  year  1745  fought  under  the  command 

Of  the  DUKE   OI  CUMBERLAND 

at  the  Battle  of  Fontenoy 

where  she  received  a  Bayonet  wound  in  her  Arm. 
Her  long  life  which  commenced  in  the  time  of 

QUEEN  ANNE 

extended  to  the  reign  of 

GEORGE  IV. 

by  whose  munificence  she  received  comfort 

and  support  in  her  latter  Years. 

She  died  at  Brighton  where  she  had  long  resided 

December  12th  1821  Aged  108  Years, 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 
West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

COLD  HARBOUR  (10th  S.  i.  341,  413,  496 ;  ii. 
14).— Surely  we  need  no  more  wild  fables 
about  this  simple  English  phrase.  At  the 
last  reference  we  are  expected  to  connect  it 
with  the  Latin  collis  arborum,  which  could 
not  yield  it  without  violence;  and  it  certainly 
was  not  "  a  hill  of  trees."  Then  we  are  asked 
to  think  of  the  French  Col  d'Arbres,  which 
is  a  different  thing  again,  and  destroys  guess 
No.  1 ;  for  the  F.  col  means  a  mountain  pass, 
and  does  not  represent  the  Lat.  collis,  a  hill, 
but  collum,  a  neck. 

There  is  no  difficulty  but  such  as  the  lovers 
of  paradox  insist  upon  making.  It  is  not 
merely  the  modern  cold  harbour  that  we  have 


io*  s.  ii.  JULY  23, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


to  explain,  but  the   old   cold  harbrough  in  I  vivals— far  more  numerous  than  supposed — 

Stowe,  and    the   cold  herbergh  for   which   I  which  are  generally  believed  to  be  derived, 

have  already  given  a  reference.     To  derive  as  a  rural  custom,  from  the  Roman  Floralia, 

this  Middle  English  herbercjh,  with  its  charac-  or  games  in  honour  of  the  goddess  Flora,  and 

teristic  initial  h  and    final    guttural,   from  which    in    their    turn  probably  superseded 

Latin  or  French  (which  greatly  dislikes  both),  similar  rites  among    those  ancient  Britons 

is   the  merest   perversity,  and    shows    how  who  came  under  the  influence  of  the  Romans, 

easily  all  inconvenient  evidence  is  ignored.  In  parts  of  Ireland  similar  festivals  occur  in 

We  have  a  Market  Harborough  to  this  day,  which  the  mummers  correspond  to  the  Eng- 

whioh  is  due  neither  to  the  Latin  arbor  nor  lish    Morris  -  dancers    (see    Croker's    *  Fairy 

the  French  arbre.    And  what  is  to  be  done  Legends  and  Traditions ') :  but  the  universal 

with    the  London    church    named    "  Sancti  characteristic  of  the  English  observances  is 
Nicholai  Coldabbey "  in  the  *  Liber  Custu-  I  the    "  processioning "    through    the    streets 


marum,' 
collum  ? 


p.  230]    Is  that  also  from  collis  or 
WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 


ISABELLINE  AS  A   COLOUR  (10th   S.  i.  487).— 

I  can  give  an  earlier  date  than  1859  for  the 
use  of  the  word.   Dr.  Horsfield,  F.L.S.,  F.G.S., 


with  flowers,  garlands,  nos«gays,  or  "  tutties." 
In  the  county  instance  mentioned  by  MR. 
JENKINS  the  "  round  dolls "  seem  to  be  a 
multiplied  edition  of  the  "May  Lady."  A 
custom  prevailed  in  Cambridge  of  children 
having  a  figure  dressed  in  a  grotesque  man- 


read  a  paper  on  20  June,  1826,  on  a  species    ner,  called  a  "  May  Lady,"  before  which  they 


of  Ursus  from  Nepaul,  and  says  : — 

"  The  general  colour  of  the  hairy  covering  of  the 
specimen  presented  to  the  Society  is  tawny,  or  very 
pale  reddish-brown,  with  an  obscure  tint  of  dirty 
yellow,  verging  to  isabella."—  Transactions  of  the 
Lin.ne.an  Society  of  London,  vol.  xv.  p.  333. 

Jos.  D.  HOOKER. 

[Isabella  is  the  word  in  the  above  extract,  and 
1600  is  the  earliest  date  for  that  word  in  the 
*  N.E.D.3  The  year  1859  referred  to  isabelline.] 

SCOTCH  WORDS  AND  ENGLISH  COMMENTA- 
TORS (10th  S.  i.  261,  321,  375,  456).— One  more 
reference  to  this  subject  may  perhaps  be 
tolerated,  especially  as  a  significant  illustra- 
tion is  available.  In  a  prominent  London 


set  a  table  having  on  it  wine,  &c.,  and  this 
is  believed  to  be  derived  from  Maia  (May), 
the  mother  of  Mercury,  to  whom  sacrifices 
were  offered  on  the  first  day,  thus  explaining 
the  fore-mentioned  custom  (Audley,  in  a 
*  Companion  to  the  Almanack,'  1802,  p.  21, 
quoted  in  Brand's  *  Antiquities  '). 

As  to  the  horn-blowing,  once  a  common 
feature  of  May  Day  celebrations,  Hearne  in 
his  preface  to  Robert  of  Gloucester's  *  Chro- 
nicle' says : — 

"  'Tis  no  wonder,  therefore,  that  upon  the  jollities 
on  the  first  of  May  formerly,  the  custom  of  blow- 


ing with,  and  drinking  in,  horns  so  much  prevailed, 
which,  though  it  be  now  generally  disus'd,  yet  the 

WAf"  9r"r,,  V  "  i«Ylu"10"y  ^»"«"  I  custom  of  blowing  them  prevails  at 'this  season,  even 
periodical  of  2o  June  a  reviewer,  describing  to  thia  day  at  5xford/  to  remind  people  of  the 
an  adventurous  character  m  a  new  work  of  pleasantness  of  that  part  of  the  year,  which  ought 

£„!.:„  i.1 • j._l-l_         I     _       Jl'l  1  -.1  i^.5««  T»ir> 


_  VUV    J  vwt  ,      i 

to  create  mirth  and  gayety,"  &c. — P.  18. 

At  Tilsworth,  in  Bedfordshire,  the  young 
men,  I  believe,  still  go  round  the  village  with 
a  load  of  May,  leaving  a  branch  for  every 
maiden  in  each  house  ;  and  in  the  villages  of 
the  Thames  Valley  round  Oxford  the  children 
go  "garlanding,"  or  carrying  flowers  from 
house  to  house,  singing  doggerel  verses  and 


fiction,  has  the  inscrutable  hardihood  to 
remark,  "His  plans  have  certainly  'gang 
agley  '  when  this  volume  ends."  The  playful 
experts  who  delight  in  the  parading  of 
"  pawky,"  "canny,"  and  the  rest  will  have 
some  difficulty  in  surpassing  this  flight. 

THOMAS  BAYNE. 

"KiCK  THE  BUCKET"  (10th  S.  i.  227,  314,  , 

412).— I  cannot  accept  your  correspondents'    claiming  largesse,     pne  of  the  flowers  used 
explanation  of  this  slang  phrase.    I  do  not    formerly  for  garlanding  was  the  marsh  man- 

1  gold,  which  the  peasant  poet  Clare  calls  the 
horse-blob."  The  Helston  Furry -Faddy 
seems  to  be  of  like  origin,  transferred,  how- 
ever, from  1  to  8  May.  The  connexion  of  the 
custom  originally  with  sun  -  worship  is  in- 
dicated by  the  necessity  (which  in  some  cases 
has  lapsed,  however)  for  rising  early  to  meet 
the  sun.  This  is  the  condition  when  May 
morning  is  observed  from  Magdalen  Tower, 
Oxford  ;  and  it  used  to  be  the  custom  at 
four  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  May  Day  for 


like  to  give  my  own,  lest  I  should  encourage 
suicide.  Does  the  'E.D.D.'  illustrate  fac£e*» 

a  queer-shaped  block  of  wood?  I  suggest 
that  a  bucket  was  suspended  to  catch  the 
blood  of  the  calves,  ana  sometimes  used  for 
a  weight.  The  wooden  block  that  took  its 
place  may  have  got  this  name.  A  slaughtered 
animal  surely  does  not  kick.  T.  WILSON. 
Harpenden. 


NORTH  DEVON  MAY  DAY  CUSTOM  (10th  S.         - ~~ 0 „  —„  ~ 

i.  406).— MR.  H.  T.  JENKINS'S  interesting  note    young  persons  of  both  sexes  to  proceed  to 
directs  due  attention  to  one  of   those  sur- \  the    summit   of   Arthur's  Seat,   Edinburgh, 


76 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  JULY  23, 1904. 


with  music  and  singing,  not  unassociated 
with  whisky  and  eatables,  as  a  refreshment 
after  the  toilsome  ascent.  As  an  instance  of 
how  the  worship  of  Flora  survives  to-day  in 
the  "ornaments  for  your  fire-stove," although 
that  once  familiar  cry  in  the  London  streets 
has  ceased,  John  Watson,  in  his  *  Poachers 
and  Poaching,'  1891,  says  that  in  the  parlour 
grate  of  an  old  widow- woman  in  the  vale  of 
Duddon — the  Duddon  that  Wordsworth  has 
immortalized  in  his  series  of  sonnets — was 
invariably,  in  summer,  a  thick  sod  of  purple 
heather  in  full  bloom  (p.  245). 

J.   HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

It  was  an  old  custom  annually  on  May  Day 
for  the  lads  of  Millbrook  to  cross  the  Tamar 
and  perambulate  the  streets  of  Devonport 
and  Stoke,  some  bearing  on  their  shoulders 
the  full-rigged  model  of  a  ship,  the  hull 
buried  in  flowers,  the  masts  about  six  feet 
high,  with  birds'  eggs  strung  on  the  stays 
and  halyards.  Others  bore  aloft  garlands 
of  varied  shapes  and  sizes.  A  fife  band 
sometimes  headed  the  processions,  which  I 
witnessed  in  the  twenties  of  the  last  century. 

N.  D.  D. 

"WlTHEESHINS"     (10th     S.     i.      506).  —  ME. 

WILSON'S  orthography  is  quite  in  accordance 
with  precedent,  as  he  would  have  discovered 
by  referring  to  Jamiespn's  Scottish  dictionary 
instead  of  the 'Provincial  Dictionary '  to  which 
he  alludes.  Jamieson  correctly  defines  the 
word  as  meaning  "in  the  contrary  direction," 
and  then  adds,  "properly,  contrary  to  the 
course  of  the  sun."  Had  he  said  that  con- 
trary to  the  course  of  the  sun  was  a  sense  in 
which  the  term  is  popularly  used  he  would 
have  been  correct,  for  this  application  of 
it  lingers  in  Scotland  at  the  present  time. 
Gavin  Douglas  has  the  word  in  the  two 
forms  "  widdirsinnis "  and  u  widdersyns," 
and  his  meaning,  as  his  editor  Mr.  Small 
points  out,  is  simply  "  contrary  to  the  usual 
way."  The  former  spelling  occurs  in  "The 
Dyrectioun  of  his  Buik"  appended  to  the 
Aneid,  and  the  latter  has  its  share  in 
the  description  of  ^Eneas  at  the  critical 
moment  which  confronted  him  with  the 
shade  of  Creusa.  "Obstipui  steteruntque 
comse, '  says  Virgil  in  his  realistic  present- 
ment of  the  scene,  and  Douglas  —  herein 
splendidly  responding  to  Mr.  Saintsbury's 
ideal  conception  of  his  translating  faculty- 
gives  this  sonorous  rendering  :— 

Abaisit  I  wolx,  and  widdersyns  start  my  hair. 
Here  the   wori   simply  signifies   "contrari- 
wise,   and  thereby  indicates  its  relation  to 
Icel.    vtlkr,    contrary,   and   sinni,    direction. 
.Later  writers,  gradually  came  to  connect  it 


with  ividdersones,  "  contrary  to  the  sun's 
course,"  and  this  is  the  sense  in  which  it  is 
used  by  the  modern  farmer,  who  is  appre- 
hensive of  atmospheric  troubles  when  the 
wind  has  gone  withershins,  or  travelled  from 
the  west  into  the  sweet  south  by  the  northern 
route.  THOMAS  BAYNE. 

The  statement  that  this  word  is  not  in 
Jamieson  is  a  mistake.  He  gives  a  whole 
page  to  it,  under  the  spelling  Widdersinni&. 
It  is  a  common  word  enough,  and  occurs  in 
Gawain  Douglas's  translation  of  Virgil  and 
in  Montgomerie's  '  Poems ';  and  it  will  appear 
in  the  '  Eng.  Dialect  Dictionary.'  Jamieson 
even  correctly  compares  it  with  the  Mid.  Du. 
wedersi7is,  which  Hexham  explains  by  "  other- 
wise, or  in  another  manner."  There  is  no- 
mystery  about  it  at  all.  The  suffix  sinnis  is 
simply  the  Icel.  sinnis,  the  genitive  (used 
adverbially)  of  sinni,  a  way,  a  course ;  so- 
that  the  sense  is  precisely  "in  the  contrary 
direction."  This  Icel.  sinni  is  cognate  with 
A.-S.  sith,  O.H.G.  sind  (gen.  sinnes),  Goth. 
sinths,  a  way,  course,  journey,  duly  given  in 
my  'Concise  Etym.  Diet.'  under  the  derived 
verb  to  send.  The  prefix  is  the  O.Norse  withr, 
Icel.  vithr,  with  which  the  G.  ivieder  and 
A.-S.  ivider  are  cognate. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

NATALESE  (10th  S.  i.  446,  515).— I  have  to 
thank  ME.  J.  DOEMEE  and  ME.  JOHN  B. 
WAINEWEIGHT  for  their  answers  to  my  query. 
May  I  point  out,  however,  that  Natal  is  a 
Portuguese  word,  Terra  do  Natal  being  the 
original  name  ?  Of  course,  I  am  aware  that 
Natal  stands  for  Dies  Natalis  in  the  Latin, 
but  yet  I  think  the  analogy  of  Portugal, 
Portugalia,  Portuguez,  Portugalensis,  Portu- 
guese, ought  to  count  for  something.  More- 
over, how  can  Natalian  be,  on  any  Latin 
criterion,  a  passable  word  1  Is  Australian 
for  a  native  of  the  Terra  Australis  of  the 
old  charts  really  good  Latin  1  Could  Nata- 
lianus  have  been  formed  from  Natalis  or 
Natalia  ?  Rhsetia  gives  Rhseticus  ;  Ilhoetius, 
Rhoetus  ;  Pamphylia,  Pamphylius  ;  Apulia, 
Apulicus  and  Apulus ;  and  Bsetis  makes 
Bseticus,  Bsetica ;  Corsis,  Corsus.  Indeed, 
I  might  add  that  according  to  Lewis  and 
Short's  'Latin  Dictionary,'  Natal  is  itself  a 
substantive,  being  equivalent  to  Natale  =  a 
birthday  festival,  and  given  by  Aulus  Gellius 
as  the  title  of  a  mime  by  Laberius.  This 
gives  the  adjective  Natalis,  also  used  as  a. 
substantive  to  mean  birthday,  anniversary,, 
the  day  of  a  martyr's  death,  whence,  again,, 
come  the  adjectives  Natalicius,  Natalitius. 
Surely,  therefore,  even  if  Natalia  be  possible, 
Natalianus  as  an  ethnic  name  is  quite  iin- 


ii.  JULY  23,  low.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


77 


possible,  especially  in  the  light  of  the  fact 
that  roots  ending  in  liquids  seem  naturally 
to  take  the  termination  ensis,  e.g.,  Lug- 
•dun(um),  Lugdunensis ;  Tarracon,  Tarra- 
conensis ;  Attalea,  Attalenses ;  Hispania, 
Hispaniensis  as  well  as  Hispanus,  though  of 
•course,  on  the  other  hand,  Lycaonia  gives 
Lycaones.  I  note  the  fact  that  we  first  learnt 
to  know  nearly  every  non-European  people 
with  the  suffix  -ese,  through  the  accounts  of 
Portuguese  writers ;  and  therefore  I  think 
that  on  this  analogy  alone  Natalese  may 
perhaps  pass  current. 

The  question  has  some  interest  to  me, 
inasmuch  as  I  have  just  proposed  the  use  of 
the  term  Natalensis  in  a  Latin  inscription 
intended  for  the  monument  to  be  erected 
at  Maritzburg  to  the  Natal  Volunteers  who 
fell  in  the  Boer  War. 

One  would  like  to  know  whether  the  ez,  e& 
in  Portuguez  and  Aragones  (Navarrese  being 
Navarro  in  Spanish)  is  derived  from  the  Latin 
€rw's,  found  in  Italian  names  like  Siennese, 
or  is  akin  to  ez  in  words  like  Perez,  said  to  be 
of  Basque  origin.  H.  2. 

TlDESWELL    AND  TlDESLOW   (9th   S.    xii.   341, 

517  ;  10th  S.  i.  52,  91,  190,  228,  278,  292,  316, 
371,  471  ;  ii.  36).  —  Fifty  years  ago  old- 
fashioned  educated  folks  always  spoke  of 
"Burlington,"  but  the  unsophisticated  natives 
of  the  East  Riding  (whose  pronunciation  is 
often  a  guide  to  the  true  ancient  form)  called 
it  "Bollinton"  or  "Bolli'ton."  "  Bollinton- 
bav  mackerel "  was  a  common  street  crv. 

W.  C.  B. 

What  is  MR.  ADDY'S  authority  for  saying 
that  the  place-name  Collompton  (sometimes 
spelt  Cullpmpton  and  possibly  anciently 
Culmton)  is  derived  from  Columba  1  To  a 
Devonshire  man  it  looks  a  more  grotesquely 
impossible  derivation  than  any  of  the  wild 
guesses  of  amateur  philologists  pilloried  in 
your  pages  by  PROF.  SKEAT.  The  town  stands 
on  the  Culm,  a  tributary  of  the  Exe,  and  that 
fact  has,  I  believe,  been  considered  sufficient 
to  account  for  the  name  without  any  refer- 
ence to  the  name  of  the  missionary  saint. 
Moreover,  on  the  banks  of  the  stream  are 
Uffculme,  Culmstock,  Culm  Davy,  and  Culm 
John,  which,  from  their  position,  would 
appear  to  take  their  names  from  the  river. 
And  if  so,  the  origin  of  the  name  of 
Collompton  would  be  almost,  if  not  quite, 
•certainly  the  same.  FRED.  C.  FROST,  F.S.I. 

Teignmouth. 

PIGEON  ENGLISH  AT  HOME  (10th  S.  i.  506). 
— Barrage  was  some  months  ago  strongly 
protested  against  in  the  Times  Toy  a  corre- 


spondent :  first  because  it  was  importing  a 
French  word  into  the  language  quite  un- 
necessarily ;  and  next  because  it  was  wrong, 
as  the  suggested  lock  and  weir  would  not  be 
a  bar. 

But  our  journalists  seem  to  prefer  using 
French  words  in  other  instances.  For  ex- 
ample, they  use  the  word  queue,  utterly 
unpronounceable  to  an  Englishman  without 
foreign  education.  The  look  of  the  word  is 
barbaric.  The  word  that  would  convey  some 
meaning  in  English  and  be  understood  is 
rank.  There  was  a  rank  outside  the  pit  door. 

RALPH  THOMAS. 

"  LET    THE    DEAD   BURY    THEIR    DEAD "  (10th 

S.  i.  488).— If,  as  your  correspondent  says, 
the  sense  of  our  Lord's  words  is  clear,  I  am 
puzzled  to  find  any  difficulty  in  connexion 
with  the  setting.  The  command  was  adapted 
to  the  spiritual  condition  of  the  man  to 
whom  it  was  given.  It  was  a  test  of  faith. 
He  had  heard  the  call  and  was  inclined  to 
obey  it,  as  soon  as  he  could  conveniently  do 
so ;  but  Christ  would  have  him  cherish  the 
stir  of  life  within  his  soul  without  delay,  and 
relegate  the  duty  of  burying  his  parent  to 
others  who  had  no  impulse  of  the  same 
vitality.  ST.  SWITHIN. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

The  Cambridge  Modern  History.  Edited  by  A.  W. 
Ward,  Litt.D.,  G.  W.  Prothero  Litt.U,  and 
Stanley  Leathes,  M.A.— Vol.  VIII.  The  French 
Revolution.  (Cambridge,  University  Press.) 
JF  the  seventh  volume  of  '  The  Cambridge  Modern 
History'  is  the  most  stimulating  that  has  yet 
appeared,  the  fact  is,  perhaps,  easily  comprehended. 
It  is  merely  banal  to  say  that  the  French  Revolu- 
tion constitutes  the  greatest  political  and  social 
upheaval  of  all  times.  Its  roots,  as  is  clearly 
shown,  are  deep  in  the  soil  of  previous  ages,  while 
its  branches  spread  over  all  civilization.  The 
dreams  of  philosophy  and  the  conjectures  of  specu- 
lation were  put  in  the  French  Revolution  to  a 
practical  test,  and  the  world  had  its  first  oppor- 
tunity of  studying  closely  the  results  of  the  systems 
it  had  permitted  to  exist,  and  the  conditions  it 
had,  so  to  speak,  "chanced."  Great  forces  are 
always  at  work,  and  in  days  of  liberty,  and,  in  a 
sense,  of  leisure,  such  as  the  present,  we  are  able 
to  study  the  slow  but  perceptible  progress  and 
influences  of  human  thought.  Without  prosecuting 
longer  reflections  that  nave  no  definite  end,  it 
may  be  affirmed  that  the  account  of  the  period 
between  — let  it  be  said  — the  appointment  of 
Calonne  to  the  controller  -  generalship  and  the 
coup  d'etat  of  the  18th  Brumaire  will  always  be  one 
of  the  most  stimulating  and  edifying  in  history. 
Of  this  and  the  enveloping  period  an  account  is 
given  which,  although  it  occupies  close  upon  nine 
hundred  pages,  must  be  regarded  as  condensed. 


78 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      do*  s.  n.  JULY  23, 1904. 


Admirably  effective  are,  in  the  present  case,  the 
liaisons  between  the  separate  parts,  and  the  idea 
that  the  whole  is  the  product  of  co-operative  labour 
is  not  aggressively  assertive.  Prof.  Montague  and 
Mr  Moreton  Macdonald  are  the  principal  contri- 
butors to  the  accounts  of  the  elections  to  the  States 
General,  to  the  National  Assembly,  the  Legislative 
Assembly,  and  the  National  Convention  to  the 
Fall  of  the  Gironde,  the  latter  supplying  also  an 
excellent  chapter  on  the  Thermidorian  Reaction. 
So  soon  as  Bonaparte  is  brought  prominently  upon 
the  stage,  Dr.  J.  Holland  Rose  comes  to  the  fore. 
Tn  addition  to  the  chapters  he  supplies  are  those 
of  Mr.  H.  W.  Wilson  on  'The  Naval  War'  and 
'  The  Struggle  for  the  Mediterranean,'  Mr.  G.  K. 
Fortescue's  account  of  '  The  Directory,'  and  Prof. 
Lodge's  narrative  of  'The  Extinction  of  Poland.' 
To  Mr.  P.  F.  Willert,  of  Exeter  College,  is  assigned 
the  responsible  chapter  on  'Philosophy  and  the 
Revolution,'  in  which  the  famous  work  of  Jean 
Joseph  Mounier  and  the  '  Mercure  Britannique '  of 
Mallet  Du  Pan  are  contrasted.  Going  behind 
Rousseau  and  the  Encyclopaedists,  and  abandoning 
as  purposeless  the  attempt  to  trace  in  classical 
writers  the  "  history  of  the  idea  of  Nature,  her 
rights  and  her  law,"  Mr.  Willert  finds  what  were 
called  "  the  principles  of  1789  "  recognized  and  used 
in  the  sixteenth  century  against  the  authority  of  the 
Crown  by  the  Catholics  and  Huguenots,'and  notably 
by  the  priest  Jean  Boucher—' '  a  trumpet  of  sedition  " 
Bayle  called  him— and  the  Jesuit  Mariana.  Mon- 
tai<me  and  the  "  Libertines  "  placed  deadly  weapons 
in  the  hands  of  Voltaire,  and  Bayle  supplied  the 
opponents  of  orthodoxy  and  tradition  with  a  quiver 
not  easily  emptied.  As  showing  the  influence  of 
the  Libertines,  a  phrase  is  quoted  from  the  Duchess 
of  Orleans,  employed  in  1679,  to  the  effect  that 
"every  young  man  either  is  or  affects  to  be  an 
atheist."  The  Jansenist  controversy,  and  "  the  fierce 
and  indecent  conflict  between  the  Molinist  hierarchy 
and  the  Gallican  Parlement  over  the  Bull  Uni- 
genitus,"  are  said  to  have  dealt  deadly  blows  at 
religion.  Importance  is  attached  to  Montesquieu, 
whose  'Parisian  Letters'  preceded  by  thirteen 
years  Voltaire's  '  Letters  on  the  English,'  though  in 
him,  we  are  told,  a  modern  reader  is  disgusted  by  a 
frigid  arid  elaborate  indecency,  "far  more  repulsive 
than  the  spontaneous  obscenity  of  Aristophanes 
and  Rabelais." 

Apart  from  appendices,  bibliographical  lists, 
and  other  supplementary  matter  of  highest  value 
to  the  student,  the  volume  contains  twenty-five 
chapters,  each  dealing  with  some  important  aspect 
of  the  Revolution,  and  each  demanding  the  kind 
and  amount  of  notice  ordinarily  awarded  a  separate 
work.  How  impossible  becomes  accordingly  the 
effort  to  do  justice  to  the  work,  or  to  give  an  idea 
of  the  contents,  is  evident.  A  few  interesting 
sentences  are  devoted  to  Simon  the  Cobbler,  the 
friend  of  Marat  and  the  murderer  of  Louis  XVII., 
and  the  Thermidorians  themselves  are  taxed  with 
having  acquiesced  in  his  death.  "In  praising  the 
moderation  of  the  Thermidorian  Government,"  says 
Mr.  Macdonald,  "  it  should  never  be  forgotten  that 
they  share  the  blame  for  the  most  brutal  crime  of 
the  whole  Revolution."  A  touching  picture  is 
presented  of  the  Dauphin  passing  away,  according 
to  his  own  description,  to  the  sound  of  "  heavenly 
music  and  the  voice  of  his  mother."  Another 
portion  of  the  work  worthy  of  close  study  is  the 
description  of  the  events  of  the  18th  Brumaire. 
Apart  from  it&  claim  to  breadth  of  view  and  impar- 


tiality, the  history  will  be  widely  useful  as  a  work  of 
reference.  In  this  respect  the  index  might,  perhaps, 
have  been  larger.  We  have  used  it  freely,  however, 
without  being  sensible  of  any  notable  deficiency. 
An  academically  superior  tone  in  dealing  occasion- 
ally with  certain  matters  is  to  be  pardoned,  and 
perhaps  to  be  expected. 

Great  Masters.  Part  XIX.  (Heinemann.) 
WITH  so  much  delight  is  each  successive  part 
received  of  this  noble  publication,  that  we 
begin  to  look  with  regret  to  the  period,  now 
close  at  hand,  of  completion,  when  the  fort- 
nightly recurrence  of  four  new  plates  is  no 
longer  to  be  expected.  Part  XIX.  opens  with 
one  of  the  glorious  paintings  by  Titian  of  that 
daughter  Lavinia  whom  he  called  "  the  absolute 
mistress  of  his  soul,"  and  "  the  person  dearest  to- 
him  in  the  world."  This  work,  which  shows  her 
holding  aloft  a  basket  or  dish  of  fruit,  was  once  in. 
the  possession  of  Niccolo  Crasso,  and  is  now  in  the 
Berlin  Museum.  It  is  painted  with  a  brush  every 
touch  of  which  is  a  caress.  From  Mr.  Donaldson's 
collection  comes  a  Dutch  '  Landscape '  of  Jan  van 
Goyen,  presenting  a  view  of  canals,  windmills,  and 
cottages,  with  a  central  tower  like  that  at  Delft. 
No  spot  exactly  realizing  what  is  shown  is  to  be 
found,  and  the  design  is  reluctantly  declared 
imaginary.  Romney's  '  Elizabeth,  Countess  of 
Derby,'  is  also  from  a  private  collection,  that  of  Sir 
Charles  Tennant.  It  is  a  highly  finished  work,  in 
which  the  artist  is  credited  with  imitating  his  rival 
Sir  Joshua,  who  also  painted  the  same  lady.  Another 

Sicture  by  Sir  Joshua  is  supposed  to  have  been 
estroyed  by  her  husband  after  he  had  divorced 
her,  and  is  only  known  from  the  contemporary 
engraving.  Last  comes  from  the  Haarlem  Museum, 
where  we  have  often  admired  it,  Frans  Hals's  Doelen- 
stuck,  'The  Officers  of  the  Corps  of  St.  Adriaen,'  a 
marvellous  reproduction  of  life.  Apropos  of  this, 
the  editor  says  that  it  is  only  in  recent  years  that 
the  fame  of  Frans  Hals  has  reached  its  full  develop- 
ment. So  true  is  this  that  in  a  period  well  within 
our  memory  a  judge  might  have  picked  up  for 
fifty  pounds  pictures  the  value  of  which  is  now 
counted  in  hundreds,  or  even  thousands.  The 
number  is  once  more  in  the  full  sense  repre- 
sentative. 

The  History  of  Fulk  Fit?,-  Warine.  Englished  by 
Alice  Kemp- Welch.  With  an  Introduction  bv 
L.  Brandin,  Ph.D.  (De  La  More  Press.) 
SINCE  it  was  first  privately  printed  by  Sir  Thomas 
Duffus  Hardy,  the  history,  or  romance,  of  Fulk 
Fitz- Warine,  contained  in  a  unique  MS.  in  French 
in  the  British  Museum  (Reg.  12  C.  xii.),  has  been 
three  times  translated  and  pretty  frequently  issued, 
the  best  -  known  edition  being  that  given  in  1855 
by  Thomas  Wright  as  one  of  the  four  works  con- 
stituting the  Warton  Club  publications.  So  far 
as  regards  historical  significance,  the  book  assigns 
to  one  the  deeds  of  several  successive  bearers  of 
the  name.  In  a  readable  translation  and  in  a  pretty 
shape  the  volume  before  us  will  give  wider  pub- 
licity to  a  story  that  deserves  to  be  generally  known. 
Its  connexion  with  the  Quatre  fils  Aymon  and  with 
Robin  Hood  is  shown  in  the  introduction.  The 
work,  which  now  forms  a  part  of  "The  King's 
Classics,"  has  been  of  service  to  ProL  Skeat  in  his 
'  Ludlow  Castle.'  It  constitutes  very  agreeable  and 
entertaining  reading,  and,  if  not  historically  accu- 
rate, casts  light  upon  history. 


io-s.ii.jDLY23.i9w.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


79 


MR.  <JK<».  <J.  T.  TREHERNE,  M.A.,has  issued  from 
the  Chiswick  Press  No.  1  of  the  Eglwys  Cymmin 
Papers:  Notes  on  the  Dedication  of  the  Church 
in  Honour  of  St.  Margaret  -  Marios.  The  writer 
holds  that  the  edifice  in  question  supplies  in  its 
special  features  an  epitome  of  the  Celtic  Church  in 
Wales,  and  is  anxious  to  obtain  recognition  of  the 
value  of  Welsh  ecclesiastical  antiquities.  He  seeks 
also  to  fill  the  three -light  eastern  window  with 
stained  glass  commemorative  of  St.  Margaret,  and 
hopes  that  every  bearer  of  "  that  beautiful  name  " 
will  contribute  to  the  accomplishment  of  this 
desirable  object. 


BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUES. 

TRUE  lovers  of  old  books  seem  to  take  no  account 
of  seasons,  if  we  are  to  judge  from  the  number  of 
catalogues  we  receive,  for  July  brings  to  us  as  many 
£S  December. 

First  we  have  the  midsummer  list  of  Mr.  B.  H. 
Blackwell,  of  Oxford.  This  contains  books  pur- 
chased from  the  executor  of  Canon  Ainger.  Among 
these  \ve  find  Allibone's  '  Dictionary,'  21.  2s. ;  Gil- 
christ's  '  Life  of  Blake/  30s.  :  Camden  Society  issues, 
1838-68,  121.  ;  Chappell's  '  Popular  Music  of  the 
Olden  Time,'  30s.  ;  "  Chertsey  Worthies  Library," 
6V.  10s.,  only  100  copies  printed.  Under  Coleridge  are 
several  items  of  interest.  "Fuller  Worthies  Library," 
1868-76,  only  156  copies  privately  printed,  is  11.  10s. 
Canon  Ainger  had  a  good  collection  of  Hood's 
works.  We  find  under  these,  with  an  autograph, 
the  very  scarce  first  edition  of  '  Whims  and 
Oddities,'  in  the  original  boards,  uncut,  21.  15s.  ; 
also  first  editions  of  '  Tylney  Hall,'  *  Up  the  Rhine,' 
and  many  others.  Under  Shakespeare  are  the 
Shakespeare  Society's  Publications,  1841-53,  48  vols., 
81.  8s.  There  is  a  note  in  the  catalogue  that  Canon 
Ainger's  copies  of  early  editions  of  Lamb,  together 
with  some  early  editions  of  Tennyson,  Wordsworth, 
and  others,  were  sent  to  auction  by  the  executor, 
in  accordance  with  instructions  left  by  the  late 
Canon.  It  will  be  remembered  that  these  were 
sold  by  Messrs.  Sotheby,  Wilkinson  &  Hodge  on 
20-22  June.  Mr.  Black  well's  Catalogue  XCIV.  has 
also  a  large  collection  of  works  in  European  philo- 
logy, from  the  library  of  the  late  Dr.  Earle,  and  a 
good  general  list. 

Mr.  Commin,  of  Exeter,  has  a  varied  and  inter- 
esting list.  Under  America  we  find  *  Sir  Francis 
Drake  Revived,'  1653,  31.  15*.  There  is  Baskerville's 
beautiful  edition  of  Addison,  Birmingham,  1761, 
4/.  10s.  Under  Bewick  is  a  copy  of  the  'Birds,' 
3  vols.,  Newcastle,  1805-7,  10/.  10s.  There  is  a  large 
collection  of  bindings.  Among  other  items  are 
*  Milton  Tracts,'  1641-50,  42J.  ;  '  Elia,'  first  edition, 
uncut,  121.  12*.  ;  a  complete  set  of  Lysons's  '  Magna 
Britannia,'  1806-22,  bound  by  the  Chiswick  Art 
Guild,  12/.  12s.;  Grimra'fl  'Stories,'  first  edition, 
1823-6,  bound  by  Riviere.  1QI.  10s. ;  Cruikshank's 
'  Comic  Almanacks,'  1835-53,  in  the  original  covers, 
121.  l'2,t.  ;  and  Jesse's  '  Historical  Memoirs,'  30  vols., 
1900-1,  half-morocco,  181.  18*.  There  is  a  large  col- 
lection of  French  Almanacs  (over  one  hundred), 
issued  in  Paris  during  1889,  1897,  and  1898,  32  vols., 
with  book-plate  of  Sir  William  Fraser,  4^.  10*. 

Mr.  Bertram  Dobell's  list  opens  with  a  selection 
of  miscellaneous  books,  followed  by  one  of  books, 
I'lum.hlcts,  and  broadsides  of  the  seventeenth  and 
eighteenth  centuries,  many  of  them  very  rare. 


There  is  also  a  collection  of  old  plays.  These  include 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher's  'The  Beggar's  Bush, 'first 
separate  edition,  printed  for  H.  Robinson  and  Anne 
Mosely,  1661,  U.  10s.  Readers  of  'N.  &  Q.'  will 
remember  that  it  was  at  a  performance  of  this 
comedy,  in  January,  1661,  that  Pepys  saw  female 
actors  for  the  first  time. 

Mr.  William  Downing,  of  Birmingham,  opens  his 
list  with  a  complete  set  of  "  Tudor  Translations," 
42/.  Other  items  include  Collinson's  '  Somerset- 
shire,' 3  vols.,  4to,  1791,  If.  7*. ;  Thackeray,  30  vols., 
9/.  9*.,  original  cost  24Z.  Under  Black-Letter  is 
Hughe  Latymer,  'Certayn  Godly  Sermons,'  1562, 
21.  2s.  This  book  contains  James  Boswell's  auto- 
graph, 1803.  There  is  a  first  issue  of  Longman's 
edition  of  the  New  Testament,  1865,  crimson 
morocco,  21.  12s.  6d.  The  wood  engravings  are  very 
fine.  A  set  of  the  Graphic,  44  vols.,  1869  to  1891,  i» 
priced  very  low,  5/.  5s. 

Mr.  Francis  Edwards  has  two  lists.  Part  7  of  his 
valuable  Oriental  Catalogue  supplements  Parts  1  to  6; 
and  reaches  p.  648.  The  new  part  includes  Asia, 
in  general,  Cyprus,  Asia  Minor,  India,  Siberia, 
Manchuria,  &c.  The  general  catalogue  has  many 
recent  acquisitions.  These  include  '  Nollekens 
and  his  Times,'  illustrated  by  337  additional  auto- 
graphs and  engraved  portraits,  1829,  201.  ;  Malton's 
4  Views  of  Dublin,'  taken  in  1791,  257.  ;  Bewick's 
'  Birds,'  1797-1804,  121. ;  Buffon,  1770-86,  12Z.  ;  Calde- 
cott's  '  Sketches,'  55/. ;  Collinson's  '  Somerset,' 1791, 
81.  8s. ;  Dickens's  'Battle  of  Life,'  with  autograph 
letter,  6V.  10s. ;  a  number  of  Dr.  Doran's  works,  in- 
cluding a  complete  set  priced  at  151.  ;  Stockdale's* 
JEsop  and  Gay's  Fables,  1793,  a  very  tine  set,  14£.  ; 
original  editions  of  Haliburton,  26  vols.,  1829-601 
14^.  ;  '  The  Hermitage,'  84  photogravures  from  the 
Imperial  Gallery  at  St.  Petersburg,  1900,  15^.  (pub- 
lished at  50/.) ;  Home's  'New  Spirit  of  the  Age,' 
1844,  51.  5.S-. ;  and  Withers's  '  Tracts  and  Letters  on 
Planting,'  1826-8,  with  an  unpublished  letter  of  Sir 
Walter  Scott,  15/.  The  list  also  contains  choice 
sets  of  Charles  Lamb,  a  Fourth  Folio  Shakespeare, 
antiquarian  works,  &c. 

Messrs.  William  George's  Sons,  of  Bristol,  in  their 
summer  list  include  the  latest  additions  to  their 
stock.  Under  America  is  Lewis  and  Clarke's  '  Deli- 
neations of  the  Manners  of  the  Indians,'  1809, 32.?.  6V/. 
Royaumont's  '  Bible  Prints,'  R.  Blome,  1701,  is  2/.8s. 
Under  Bibliography  we  find  '  The  English  Catalogue 
of  Books,'  1838  to  January,  1863,  compiled  by  Samp- 
son Low,  36s.  Borrow's  works,  10  vols.,  all  first 
editions,  are  11.  10s.  ;  '  Costumes  of  the  Time  of  the 
French  Revolution,'  1889, 21. 15s. ;  Dryden's '  Fables/ 
with  engravings  by  Lady  Diana  Beauclerc.  1798. 
3/.  3s. ;  'Freemasonry,  Regulations  for  the  Use  of 
the  Lodges/  1723,  newly  bound  by  Zaehnsdorf, 
IQl.  10s. ;  Granger's  '  Biographical  History  of  Eng- 
land/ 1824,  51.  5s. ;  Lafuente's  '  Spain/  Barcelona, 
1889-90,  6V.  6s.  :  Wedmore's  '  Turner  and  Ruskin/ 
2  vols.,  11.  In.  ;  and  '  White's  Club/  by  the  Hon.  A. 
Bourke,  2  vols.,  royal  4to,  51.  5s.  There  are  a  number 
of  works  under  India,  and  also  under  Scandinavia. 

Mr.  Charles  Higham  has  had  such  a  supply  of 
books  that  he  has  been  obliged  to  issue  two  cata- 
logues of  religious  literature  within  a  month.  One 
of  them  contains  a  collection  of  early  English, 
1588-1799. 

Mr.  James  Irvine,  of  Fulham,  has  a  number  of 
books  on  botany,  ferns,  and  fungi,  also  a  good 
miscellaneous  collection.  Among  these  we  find 


80 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  JULY  23,  iw*. 


<iarran's  'Australasia  Illustrated,'  3  vols.,  folio, 
i;  &s.-  and  Billings's  'Antiquities  of  Scotland, 
4  vols  4to,  31.  3s.  Under  Illustrated  Books  are  *  The 
Turner  Gallery,'  with  text  by  Monkhouse,  3  vols., 
51  5s. ;  and '  Richmondshire,5  20  line  engravings  after 
paintings  by  Turner,  letterpress  by  Mrs.  A.  Hunt, 
•21  2s.  There  are  a  number  of  natural  history 
books,  also  books  on  the  microscope,  geology,  orni- 
thology, zoology,  topography,  and  travel. 

Messrs.  Maggs  Bros,  have  a  good  list  of  topo- 
graphical and  heraldic  books,  valuable  county  his- 
tories, and  general  literature.  Among  other  items 
we  notice  a  large  collection  of  the  speeches  of 
orators  and  politicians,  75  vole.,  royal  8vo,  501.  ; 
Tooke's  'History  of  Prices,'  1838-57,  very  scarce, 
14£.  14s. ;  '  Historical  Memoirs  of  the  Russell  Family,' 
1833,  11.  10s.  ;  Pyne's  '  Windsor  Castle,'  38£.  ;  an 
«xtra  -  illustrated  copy  of  Faulkner's  'Fulham,' 
tf/.  10*. ;  Hone's  '  Miracle  Plays,'  1823-43,  41.  4s. ;  a 
collection  of  works  relating  to  music,  36  vols., 
1830-89,  18Z.  18s.;  Murray's  'Cathedrals,'  61.  15s.; 
Jausson's  '  Atlas,'  very  scarce,  61.  18*. ;  and  Hasted's 
'  Kent,'  1778-99,  24?.  There  are  works  relating  to 
London  and  Scotland,  including,  under  Bannatyne, 
'The  Black  Book  of  Taymouth,'  Edinburgh,  1855, 
•61.  10s.  This  was  privately  printed  by  the  Marquess 
of  Breadalbane.  There  is  also  a  set  of  the  English 
Dialect  Society  Publications,  34  vols.,  167.  15s. 

Mr.  H.  H.  Peach,  who  formerly  traded  as  W.  H. 
Hoyle,  Greyfriars,  Leicester,  has  two  catalogues  of 
books  and  manuscripts.  Among  other  items  we 
iind  Oldham's  '  Romanes  Historic  Anthologia.' 
1653-83,  51.  5s.  ;  Thomas  North's  '  The  Diall  of 
Princes,'  1580,  4J.  4s. ;  and  Pope's  '  Essay  on  Man,' 
1745,  12mo,  31.  10s.  The  last  volume  contains  an 
autograph  note  of  Pope's.  The  book  belonged  to 
Mark  Pattison. 

Mr.  C.  Richardson,  of  Oxford  Road,  Manchester, 
has  a  catalogue  of  scientific  literature.  In  this  we 
find  Hewitson'sJ'  Exotic  Butterflies,'  1851-66,  scarce, 
221.  10s.;  '  Orchids,'  by  F.  Sander,  281. ;  and  Double- 
day  and  Westwood's '  The  Genera  of  Diurnal  Lepido- 
ptera,'  1846-52,  221.  There  are  a  number  of  works 
under  Astronomy,  Geology,  Ethnology,  Chemistry, 
and  Medical. 

Mr.  A.  Russell  Smith  has  a  second  and  con- 
cluding portion  of  the  list  of  tracts,  paniphlets, 
and  broadsides  we  noticed  on  18  June,  bringing  it 
from  1800  to  1899.  Collectors  will  find  these  two 
lists  of  great  value. 

Messrs.  Henry  Sotheran  &  Co.  have  in  their  last 
catalogue  numerous  works  printed  at  the  Kelmscott 
and  other  presses.  Among  many  interesting  items 
we  find  an  illustrated  copy  of  '  Anti  -  jacobin 
Poetry,'  1801,  price  81.  8s.  There  is  an  important 
manuscript  of  the  "Spanish  Match,"  being  a 
commonplace  book  made  by  Sir  Walter  Aston 
while  he  was  ambassador  in  Spain,  1620-5  and 
1635-8.  The  catalogue  is  rich  in  works  on  Austral- 
asia. Among  these  are  Oxley's  '  Two  Expeditions 
into  the  Interior  of  New  South  Wales,'  1817-18; 
and  Strzelecki's  'Physical  Description  of  New 
South  Wales.'  Strzelecki  was  the  first  to  discover 
gold-bearing  quartz  in  1839  in  the  Blue  Mountains, 
but  "at  the  request  of  the  Governor  of  the  Colony, 
who  feared  a  convicts'  revolt,  did  not  include  an 
account  of  his  discovery  in  the  work."  We  have 
only  space  to  mention  three  other  items:  Buck's 
'Antiquities,'  1721-49,  711.  10s.;  Montaigne,  first 
edition,  1603,  7&.  10s. ;  and  a  fine  copy  of  the  first 


Prayer-Book  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  1559,  22QI.    The 
last  is  extremely  rare. 

Mr.  Albert  Sutton,  of  Manchester,  has  a  good  list 
of  miscellaneous  literature  at  moderate  prices. 
There  is  a  complete  set  of  Punch,  original  issue, 
1841-1902,  251. 

Mr.  James  Thin,  of  Edinburgh,  has  a  well- 
classified  catalogue.  There  are  sets  of  Blackwood, 
1817  to  end  of  1903,  211. ;  Archceological  Journal, 
1845-64,  61. ;  Gentleman's  Magazine,  1731  to  1830,  61. ; 
the  Portfolio,  1870-98,  181.  A  portion  of  the  cata- 
logue is  devoted  to  works  relating  to  Scotland. 
There  are  also  interesting  items  under  Napoleon, 
Occult,  Natural  History,  and  Oriental. 

Mr.  Wilfrid  M.  Voynich  issues  another  of  his 
short  catalogues.  Mr.  Voynich  has  now  such  a 
large  stock  that  he  finds  it  impossible  to  give  full 
descriptions  in  his  bibliographical  lists,  and  has 
decided  to  issue,  side  by  side  with  those  lists, 
ordinary  short  ones,  the  present  being  the  ninth, 
and,  like  the  earlier,  full  of  rarities. 

Mr.  George  Winter,  of  Charing  Cross  Road,  in  his 
July  list  has   works  on  the  fine  arts  ;    a  set    of 
'British    Essayists,'    45  vols.,    1808,    21.  17s.  6d. 
Englefield's    'Isle    of    Wight,'    1816,    21.   7s.  6d. 
Kelmscott  Press  publications,  8  vols.  4to,  61.  6s. 
a  copy  of  Littre,  4  vols.,  21.  15s.  ;  Nelson's  '  Letters 
to  Lady  Hamilton,'  original  edition,  1814,  11.  7s.6c£. 
Ingram 's  '  Oxford,'  large  paper,  3  vols.,  1837. 1£.  10s. 
6  vols.  of  Pickering's  "Diamond  Classics,"  17s.  6d. 
Satirist,  or  Monthly   Mirror,    1808-11,  11.  12s.  6d. 
Lodge's  '  Portraits,'  1835,  21.  17s.  6d.  ;  and  Camden's 
'  Britannia,'  1695,  11.  5s. 


Jjfatkea  10 

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To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
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Lucis  ("Once  in  a  blue  moon").— See  6th  S.  ii. 
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n-s.ii.JoLY23.i9w.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

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8»tion.    No  other.  ta.en.-R.  H.,  86,  Grove  Hill  Koad,  Tunbrfdge 


Wells. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  JULY  so,  100*. 

" KI  N  G'S 

CLASSICAL    AND    FOREIGN 

QUOTATIONS. 

NOW    READY. 

"We  have  to  announce  a  new  edition  of  this  Dictionary.  It  first  appeared  at  the  end  of 
'87,  and  was  quickly  disposed  of.  A  larger  (and  corrected)  issue  came  out  in  the  spring  of 
1889,  and  is  now  out  of  print.  The  Third,  published  on  July  14,  contains  a  large 
accession  of  important  matter,  in  the  way  of  celebrated  historical  and  literary  sayings  and 
mots,  much  wanted  to  bring  the  Dictionary  to  a  more  complete  form,  and  now  appearing  in 
its  pages  for  the  first  time.  On  the  other  hand,  the  pruning  knife  has  been  freely  used,  and 
the  excisions  are  numerous.  A  multitude  of  trivial  and  superfluous  items  have  thus  been 
cast  away  wholesale,  leaving  only  those  citations  which  were  worthy  of  a  place  in  a  standard 
work  of  reference.  As  a  result,  the  actual  number  of  quotations  is  less,  although  it  is  hoped 
that  the  improvement  in  quality  will  more  than  compensate  for  the  loss  in  quantity.  The 
book  has,  in  short,  been  not  only  revised,  but  rewritten  throughout,  and  is  not  so  much  a  new 
edition  as  a  new  work.  It  will  be  seen  also  that  the  quotations  are  much  more  "  racontes  " 
than  before,  and  that  where  any  history,  story,  or  allusion  attaches  to  any  particular  saying, 
the  opportunity  for  telling  the  tale  has  not  been  thrown  away.  In  this  way  what  is  primarily 
taken  up  as  a  book  of  reference,  may  perhaps  be  retained  in  the  hand  as  a  piece  of  pleasant 
reading,  that  is  not  devoid  at  times  of  the  elements  of  humour  and  amusement.  One  other 
feature  of  the  volume,  and  perhaps  its  most  valuable  one,  deserves  to  be  noticed.  The 
previous  editions  professed  to  give  not  only  the  quotation,  but  its  reference ;  and,  although 
performance  fell  very  far  short  of  promise,  it  was  at  that  time  the  only  dictionary  of  the  kind 
published  in  this  country  that  had  been  compiled  with  that  definite  aim  in  view.  In  the 
present  case  no  citation — with  the  exception  of  such  unamliated  things  as  proverbs,  maxims, 
and  mottoes — has  been  admitted  without  its  author  and  passage,  or  the  "  chapter  and  verse  " 
in  which  it  may  be  found,  or  on  which  it  is  founded.  In  order,  however,  not  to  lose 
altogether,  for  want  of  identification,  a  number  of  otherwise  deserving  sayings,  an  appendix 
of  Adespota  is  supplied,  consisting  of  quotations  which  either  the  editor  has  failed  to  trace  to 
their  source,  or  the  paternity  of  which  has  not  been  satisfactorily  proved.  There  are  four 
indexes — Authors  and  authorities,  Subject  index,  Quotation  index,  and  index  of  Greek 
passages.  Its  deficiencies  notwithstanding,  '  Classical  and  Foreign  Quotations '  has  so  far 
remained  without  a  rival  as  a  polyglot  manual  of  the  world's  famous  sayings  in  one  pair  of 
covers  and  of  moderate  dimensions,  and  its  greatly  improved  qualities  should  confirm  it  still 
more  firmly  in  public  use  and  estimation. 


K  I  N  G'S 

CLASSICAL    AND     FOREIGN 

QUOTATIONS. 

London:  J.  WHITAKBR  &  SONS,  LTD.,  12,  Warwick  Lane,  E.G. 


ii.  JULY  so,  1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


81 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  Jl'LY  SO,  190U. 


CON  TENTS. -No.  31. 

NOTES  :— Coleridge  Bibliography,  81- Letters  of  Cowper, 
•    82—  "  Peek-bo  "  —  "  Requiem/'  a  Shark  —  "  Words  that 
burn,"  85— Bohemian  Villages  —  Owen  Brigstocke  — The 
Spaniards  of  Asia— Irresponsible  Scribblers,  86. 

QUERIES  :— Fingal  and  Diarmid  —  "  Failles  fete"  — "A 
singing  face  " — "  An  old  shoe  " — Breeches  Bible — "  Saint " 
as  a  Prefix,  87— Woftington— Lady  Blizabeth  Germain— 
"Reversion"  of  Trees  —  George  rfteinman  Steinman  — 
Cottyngham  Will  — 'God  save  the  King'  Parodied  — 
Edmund  Halley,  Surgeon  R.N.— T.  Raynolds-Twerton 
Vicars,  88  —  Sporting  Clergy  before  the  Reformation— 
•"  Come,  live  with  me" — Harlsey  Castle,  co.  York — Closets 
in  Edinburgh  Buildings,  89. 

JRKPLIKS  :— Pamela,  89 -Richard  Pincerna,  90-"  Sun  and 
Anchor"  Inn — Gray's  'Elegy'  in  Latin,  92— Runeberg, 
Finnish  Poet-Storming  of  Fort  Moro— "  Talented,"  ^3— 
Rebecca  of  'Ivanhoe' — Mary  Shakespere— Ramie— King 
of  Sweden  on  the  Balance  of  Power,  94— The  St.  Helena 
Medal— Sir  Thomas  Fairbank— Tide»well  and  Tideslow— 
The  Vfighnatch,  95— English  Cardinals'  Hats— First  Ocean 
Newspaper — Coachman's  Epitaph— Wolverhampton  Pul- 
pit, 9t5— Ainsty— "  Hanged,  drawn,  and  quartered,"  97— 
Bennett  Family  of  Lincoln,  98. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS:— The  Oxford  Dictionary— Sidney's 
•  Defence  of  Poesie  '  —  '  Leycester's  Commonwealth '  — 
•Scottish  Historical  Review '— 'Yorkshire  Notes  and 
Queries' — 'Reliquary.' 

Death  of  Mr.  J.  Loraine  Heelis. 
Notices  to  Correspondents. 


COLERIDGE   BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
(See  9th  S.  x.  310.) 

AT  this  reference  I  wrote  that  a  friend, 
whose  knowledge  of  Coleridge  was  second  to 
that  of  no  one,  had  pointed  out  that  the  very 
scarce  pamphlet  of  *  Poems,'  containing  *  Fears 
in  Solitude,'  'France  :  an  Ode,'  and  'Frost  at 
Midnight,'  was  really  a  tirage-a-part  from 
"The  Poetical  Register,  and  Repository  of 
Fugitive  Poetry,  for  1808-1809.  London : 
Printed  for  F.  C.  and  J.  Rivington,  No.  62, 
St.  Paul's  Church-yard  ;  By  Law  and  Gilbert, 
St.  John's  Square,  Clerkenwell.  1812."  This 
statement  was  quoted  by  Dr.  John  Louis 
Haney  at  p.  8  of  his  '  Bibliography  of  Samuel 
Taylor  Coleridge,'  Philadelphia,  1903. 

In  a  notice  of  Dr.  Haney's  '  Bibliography ' 
which  appeared  in  the  Athenaeum  for  16  April, 
p.  498,  the  reviewer  remarked  that  the  pam- 
phlet was  not  a  tirage-a-part,  or  offprint,  but 
a  reprint,  done  by  the  printers,  and  in  the 
type,  of  '  The  Poetical  Register,'  the  text  of 
which  was  also  followed.  I  was  at  first 
inclined  to  question  this  correction,  not  only 
because  the  authority  on  which  I  based  my 
statement  seemed  too  good  to  be  discredited, 
but  because  it  hardly  seemed  worth  while 
for  Coleridge,  or  any  one  else,  to  incur  the 
expense  of  resetting  the  type  from  which  the 
*  Poems'  had  been  printed,  in  order  that  a 


few  fresh  copies  might  be  struck  off.  The 
poems  had  been  previously  printed  in  1798, 
and  on  their  reissue  must  have  had  a  wide 
circulation  in  '  The  Poetical  Register,'  which 
is  a  comparatively  common  book.  The  pam- 
phlet of  'Poems  '  is,  on  the 'contrary,  exceed- 
ingly scarce,  not  more  than  three  or  four 
copies  being  recorded. 

I  communicated  my  doubts  to  the  Editor 
of  the  Athenaswn,  who  very  kindly  forwarded 
to  me  a  letter  from  the  reviewer,  giving  in  the 
most  courteous  manner  his  reasons  for  con- 
sidering the  pamphlet  a  reprint,  by  which 
term  it  is  implied  that  after  the  type  of  '  The 
Poetical  Register '  had  been  distributed,  the 
text  of  the  three  poems  was  reset.  As  I  was 
abroad  at  the  time,  I  had  no  opportunity  of 
comparing  the  two  texts,  even  if  I  had  had 
a  copy  of  the  pamphlet  in  my  possession. 
Immediately  on  my  return  to  England,  how- 
ever, I  had  the  good  fortune  to  acquire  a 
copy  at  the  sale  of  the  late  Mr.  J.  Dykes 
Campbell's  books,  which  took  place  at 
Sotheby's  on  13-14  June,  and  I  have  there- 
fore been  enabled  to  subject  the  two  texts 
to  a  rigorous  examination,  the  result  being 
that  I  am  disposed  to  think  (though  I  am 
not  absolutely  certain)  that  the  reviewer 
may  be  right,  and  that  my  original  state- 
ment was  wrong,  to  the  extent  that  one,  at 
least,  of  the  poems  is  not  an  offprint,  but  a 
reprint,  of  the  text  in  '  The  Poetical  Register.' 

The  chief  points  on  which  the  reviewer 
relied  for  his  assertion  were  : — 

1.  Several  differences  in  the  distribution 
of  the  lines,  e.g.,  in  '  The   Poetical  Register  ' 
(which  for  the  sake  of  brevity  I  will  call  A) 
on  the  first  page  [227]  there  are  printed  lines 
1-20,  while  in  '  Poems '  (which  I  will  call  B), 
[p.  3],  there  are  lines  1-25.     On  the  second 
page  of  A  [228]  there  are  printed  lines  21-54, 
and  on  the  corresponding  page  of  B  [4],  lines 
26-60.      And  so   on    throughout    the    three 
poems. 

2.  Several  minor  textual  variations,  e.g.,  in 
A  the  sub-heading  of  'Fears  in  Solitude 'is, 
Written,  April,  1798,  during  the  Alarm  of  an 
Invasion.    In  B  Alarm  is  altered  into  Alarms. 
In  line  32  of  '  France  :  an  Ode,'  A  runs,  "Tho1 
dear  her  shores,"  while  in  B  "  Tho' "  is  changed 
into  "  Though,"  and  in  line  83  "To  insult" 
(A) is  printed  " T' insult "  (B).    In  'Frost  at 
Midnight,'  line  30  runs  in  A  : — 

Not  uninvited.    Ah  there  was  a  time, 
while  in  B  it  appears  as — 
Not  uninvited. 

Ah  !  there  was  a  time, 

the  line  being  broken  up  into  a  new  para- 
graph, and  a  note  of  admiration  inserted  after 
"Ah."  In  'Fears  in  Solitude,'  line  17,  the 


82 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io»  s.  n.  JULY  ao, 


word  "  heath  "  in  A  is  followed  by  a  comma,  I  The  separately-printed  pamphlet  possesses- 
and  in  B  by  a  full  stop  ;*  and  in  line  89  we  some  bibliographical  value,  because,  though 
have  "  war-whoop  "  in  A  and  "  war  whoop  "  not  a,princeps,  it  contains  the  first  expression 
B.  of  the  author's  maturer  thoughts.  The  fol- 

3.  Under,  and  forming  part  of,  the  title  of   lowing  note  occurs  ^at  p.  530,  '  Frost  at  Mid- 
each  of  the  three  poems  in  A,  we  find  the    night/  in  '  The  Poetical  Register ' : — 
words,    *'  By   S.   T.    Coleridge,    Esq."     These       "  This  poem,  which    was   first   published  with 
words   are    omitted   from   the   titles  of    the    'Fears  in  Solitude,  and  'France  an  Ode,'  has  been 
Doems  in  B  since  en.larSed  &nd  corrected,  and  with  the  other 

A     TK^  fi"».of  TVOO-O  T9971  r»f    <Fpar«  in    Sr»K-    poems,  is  now 'inserted  in  the  Poetical   Register. 

4.  Ihe  iirst  page  [227 J  o       ^ears  m  son     b   th   kind  permission  of  Mr>  Coleridge." 
tude    in  A  has  the  signature  O  2,  while  the    mi  .         .    . 

first  page  of  this  poemln  B  has  the  signature    ThTls  *otVs  nofc  tSP^™*}  ^  th«  Pamphlet, 
jj  In  dealing  with   the  flocci  and  nauci  of 

Now  if  the  type  of  '  The  Poetical  Register '  bibliography  another  point  in  connexion  with 
had  been  left  standing,  all  these  corrections  Coleridge  may  be  noticed.  In 1795  he  pub- 
and  alterations  might  have  been  made  with-  £8.hed  a  «™]l  PaAmP%fc,  entltled  'The  Plot 
out  difficulty  before  an  offprint  was  taken.  Discovered;  or,  An  Address  to  the  People 
Much  more  extensive  changes  are  frequently  against  Ministerial  Treason.  So  far  as  I 
made  during  the  correction  of  proof-sheets,  k"°^  ,only^wo  c.0?ies,  of  thls  Puai»PWet, 
and  the  text  of  'The  Poetical  Register,'  so  stitched  m  the  original  wrapper,  have  sur- 
long  as  the  type  was  not  distributed,  might  v.lved>  °,ne  of  them  being  in  my  own  posses- 
have  been  regarded  as  a  proof.  It  required,  t™n.andthe  ^er  m  thafc  <?f  a  Yell^nown 
therefore,  a  closer  scrutiny  before  I  could  find  bibliophile.  This  wrapper  is  valuable,  he- 
grounds  for  thinking  that  the  text  of  the  ause  the  upper  leaf  bears  the  half-title,. 


pamphlet  was  reset. 

The  Athenaeum  reviewer  asserted  that  the 
type  of  the  pamphlet  was  that  of  '  The 
Poetical  Register.'  On  this  point  he  is  pro- 
bably correct ;  but  granting  the  fact,  it  is 
apparently  set  closer,  and  is  much  more  worn. 
A  careful  measurement  will  show  that  the 
lines  in  the  pamphlet  are  slightly  shorter 
than  those  of  '  The  Poetical  Register.'  This 
is  especially  noticeable  in  '  Fears  in  Solitude. 
Line  8  of  this  poem  begins  with  the  word 
"Bath'd."  In  A  the  final  letter  d  is  perfect, 


A  Protest  against  Certain  Bills.  Bristol : 
Printed  for  .the  Author,  November  28,  1795." 
This  description  was  given  in  'The  Biblio- 
graphy of  Coleridge,'  1900,  p.  9.  The  friend 
to  whom  I  was  indebted  for  the  account  of 
the  pamphlet  of  *  Poems,'  which  I  have  cited 
at  the  beginning  of  this  note,  informed  me 
there  was  not  a  colon  after  "Bristol," 
but  a  semicolon,  basing  his  assertion  on  the 
authority  of  the  other  copy.  As  a  close  in- 
spection convinced  me  that  I  was  right,  I 
became  curious  to  see  the  copy  in  question,. 


-LJCliVLl    V*  •  JLJ.J.     J-i.     Vllls     U*MM     AWVVWA        »^V      J.O       fSV&AWV^  •»          7  .  -i  n,  1          T       1_  1  • 

but  in  B  it  is  broken,  the  upper  portion  of   and  shortly  afterwards  I  had  an  opportunity 
the  long  stroke  inclining  to  the  left.     The   ^  n     xamin?lo     proved  not 

°nl 


last  word  in  line  19  of  the  poem  is  "best." 
In  A  the  word  is  normally  printed,  while  in 
B  the  letter  s  seems  to  have  been  turned 
topsy-turvy,  and    therefore    fails    in 
regularity.     The   last    word    of   line 
"preach'd."    In  A  this  is  properly  printed, 
while  in  B  the  apostrophe  has  dropped,  and 
the  word   appears  as    "  preach  d."    It  may 


both  I  and  my  friend  were  right, 
but  that  while  in  my  copy  the  word  "  Bristol " 
was  printed  in  roman  capitals,  in  the  other 
lineal  I  ^  was  Printe(^  in  italic  capitals.     The  wavy 
is    lines  at  the  head  and  foot  of  the  inscription' 
were  also  of  different  lengths  in   the  two 
copies.      At  this  distance  of  time  it  is  im- 
possible to  say  why  there  should  have  been 


|#UV         n\S&VI         C*l_f|^_/C*l.  O        C*O  K/l  V>C*V1.J.     \A*  JLV        LUO>  \      I  jj»  P       j_l  •  *         i*  1      •       1 

also  be  observed  as    a  small,  but  not  un-    a  resetting  of  the  inscription,  or  which  copy 

1  was  the  earlier  one,  but  the  fact  remains  as  a 
warning  against  any  dogmatism  or  "cock- 
sureness  "  in  matters  of  bibliography. 

W.  F.  PEIDEAUX.. 


important  detail,  that  underneath  the  title 
of  each  poem  there  are  two  lines,  one  thick 
and  one  thin.  In  'The  Poetical  Register' 
the  thicker  line  is  uppermost,  but  in  the 
p&.mphlet  the  thinner. 

These  considerations  lead  to  the  conclusion 
tuat  '  Fears  in  Solitude  '  may  have  been 
rt-set.  About  'France'  and  'Frost  at  Mid- 
n'ght'  I  feel  a  little  doubtful.  But  it  is 
really  a  question  for  a  practical  printer  to 
decide. 

*  I  am  not,  however,  sure  that  this  is  not 
broken  comma. 


LETTERS  OF  WILLIAM  COWPER. 
(See  ante,  pp.  1,  42.) 

Pp.  43-44  :— 

Letter  4. 

August  10,  1767. 

I  send  you  an  extract  from  a  friend  of  mine  at 

Bristol,  giving  an  account  of  the  death  of  a  child  at 
Clifton,  about  a  mile  from  Bristol,  the  son  of  the 
clerk  of  that  parish  ;  he  died  aged  8  years  and 


io"-s.ii.JcLY3o,i9w.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


83 


8  months.  About  two  months  before  his  death  he 
was  for  some  time  in  the  churchyard  with  his  father, 
and  a  day  or  two  after  said  to  his  mother :  "  Mother, 
I  was  so  happy  'tother  day  in  the  churchyard,  that  I 
did  not  know  what  to  dp,  or  how  to  account  for  it. 
I  was  forced  to  say,  Praised  be  God."  On  Sunday 
morning,  about  one  o'clock,  he  was  suddenly  taken 
ill,  with  a  violent  pain  in  his  bowels.  His  suffer- 
ings were  extremely  acute  during  his  whole  illness, 
which  lasted  little  more  than  four  [?J  hours,  during 
which  time  at  intervals  he  would  pray  with  great 
fervency.  To  his  nurse  on  Monday  morning  early 
he  said  :  "  Nanny,  I  have  nothing  more  to  do  with 
books  and  learning  now :  I  have  laid  'em  all  aside." 
Even  in  his  ravings,  which  were  frequent,  he  was 
either  talking  of  his  books,  or  praying  earnestly 
and  singing  hymns.  On  Monday  he  desired  his 
mother  to  read  to  him  the 21st*  Psalm  ;  "or  rather," 
said  he,  "  let  me  read  it."  He  took  the  book  in 
hand,  but  his  eyes  were  already  dim  ;  he  then 
desired  his  mother  again  to  read  it,  and  afterwards 
to  pray  with  him.  She  did  so,  and  he  joined  with 
fervour.  At  one  time  he  lay  quite  still  and  calm. 
"My  dear,"  said  his  mother,  "how  do  you  do? 
are  you  in  pain  ?"  "  Oh  no,"  said  he,  "  I  am  very 
easy  and  very  well."  On  Tuesday  night,  about  two 
hours  before  he  died,  his  mother  was  for  applying 
fresh  warm  flannels  to  his  bowels.  Upon  touching 
him,  he  said:  "  Oh  you  disturb  me  in  my  journey"; 
and  in  two  hours  afterwards  he  died,  without  a 
struggle  or  a  sigh,  in  the  midst  of  a  hymn. 

The  death  of  this  child  made  me  take  particular 
notice  of  two  stanzas  of  a  hymn  in  Doddridge's 
collection : 

Thy  saints  in  earlier  life  removed 
In  sweeter  accents  sing, 

And  bless  the  swiftness  of  their  flight. 
That  bore  them  to  their  King. 

The  burthens  of  a  lengthened  day 

With  patience  we  would  bear  ; 
Till  evening's  welcome  hour  shew, 

We  were  our  Master's  care. 

Yours,  my  dear  Aunt,  etc.  etc. 

Pp.  45-47  :— 

Letter  5. 

0-y  (Olney),  Sept.  26,  1767. 
MY  DEAR  AUNT,— It  is  fit  I  should  acknowledge 
the  goodness  of  God  in  bringing  me  to  this  place, 
abounding  with  palm  trees  and  wells  of  living 
water.  The  Lord  put  it  into  my  heart  to  desire  to 
partake  of  His  ordinances,  and  to  dwell  with  His 
people,  and  has  graciously  given  me  my  heart's 
desire.  Nothing  can  exceed  the  kindness  and 
hospitality  with  which  we  are  received  here  by 
Mr.  N —  (Newton) ;  and  to  be  brought  under  the 
ministry  of  so  wise  and  fruitful  a  steward  of  his 
holy  mysteries,  is  a  blessing  for  which  I  can  never 
be  sufficiently  thankful.  May  our  heavenly  Father 
grant  that  our  souls  may  thrive  and  flourish  in 
some  proportion  to  the  abundant  means  of  grace 
we  enjoy :  for  the  whole  day  is  but  one  continued 
opportunity  of  seeking  Him,  or  conversing  about 
the  things  of  His  kingdom.  I  find  it  a  difficult 
matter,  when  surrounded  withf  the  blessings  of 
Providence,  to  remember  that  I  seek  a  country,  and 
that  this  is  not  the  place  of  my  rest.  God  glorifies 

*  Mrs.  Cowper's  note :  "  I  should  rather  think  it 
was  the  23rd." 
t  By  in  text,  with  in  margin. 


Himself  by  bringing  good  out  of  evil,  but  it  is  the 
reproach  of  man,  that  he  is  able,  and  always 
inclined,  to  produce  evil  out  of  the  greatest  of 
blessings.  The  Lord  has  dealt  graciously  with  me, 
since  I  came,  and  I  trust  I  have,  in  two  instances, 
had  much  delightful  communion  with  Him  ;  yet  this- 
liberty  of  access  was  indulged  to  me  in  such  a  way, 
as  to  teach  me,  at  the  same  time,  His  great  care, 
that  I  might  not  turn  it  to  my  prejudice.  I  expected 
that  in  some  sermon  or  exposition  I  might  find  Him, 
and  that  the  lips  of  this  excellent  minister  would 
be  the  instrument,  by  which  the  Lord  would  work 
upon  and  soften  my  obdurate  heart :  but  He  saw 
my  proneness  to  idolize  the  means,  and  to  praise 
the  creature,  more  than  the  Creator  ;  and  therefore, 
though  He  gave  me  the  thing  I  hoped  for,  yet  He 
conveyed  it  to  me  in  a  way,  which  I  did  not  look 
to.  At  the  last  Sabbath  morning,  at  a  prayer 
meeting  before  service,  while  the  poor  folks  were 
singing  a  hymn,  and  my  thoughts  were  rambling  to 
the  ends  of  the  earth,  a  single  sentence  ("And  is 
there  no  pity  in  Jesus's  breast?")  seized  my  atten- 
tion at  once,  and  my  heart  within  me  seemed  to 
return  answer :  "  Yes,  or  I  had  never  been  here." 
The  sweetness  of  this  visit  lasted  almost  through 
the  day ;  and  I  was  once  more  enabled  to  weep- 
under  a  sense  of  the  mercies  of  a  God  in  Jesus. — 
On  Thursday  morning  I  attended  a  meeting  of 
children,  and  found  that  passage,*  "out  of  the 
mouth  of  babes  and  sucklings  hast  Thou  ordained 
praise,"  verified  in  a  sense,  I  little  thought  of ;  for 
at  almost  every  word  they  spoke,  in  answer  to 
the  several  questions  proposed  to  them,  my  heart 
burned  within  me,  and  melted  into  tears  of  grati- 
tude and  love.  I  thought  the  singularity  of  this 
dispensation  worth  your  notice ;  and,  having  com- 
municated it,  am,  in  a  manner,  obliged  to  break  off 
abruptly. 

Yours,  my  dear  Aunt,  affectionately,  etc.  etc* 

Pp.  47-49  :— 

Letter  6. 

Oct.  15,  1767. 

MY  DEAR  AUXT, — I  have  taken  a  journey  since 
I  received  the  favour  of  your  last  letter,  with 
Mr.  N[ewtonl.  Our  visit  was  to  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Moody,  an  old  gospel  minister,  whom  Mr.  N. 
assists  annually  with  a  sermon.  From  his  orchard 
I  could  see  some  hills  within  a  small  distance  of  my 
native  place,f  which  formerly  I  have  often  visited. 
The  sight  of  them  affected  me  much,  and  awakened 
in  me  a  lively  recollection  of  the  goodness  of  the 
Lord,  in  caring  for  and  protecting  me  in  those  dark 
and  dangerous  days,  of  ignorance  and  enmity 
against  Him  and  His  own  blessed  word  ;  teaches 
me  to  draw  an  inference  from  these  premises,  of 
more  worth  than  millions  of  gold  and  silver.  If 
while  I  was  an  enemy  He  loved  me,  much  more 
reason  have  I  to  rest  assured  of  His  love,  being, 
reconciled  by  the  blood  of  His  Son.  I  found  myself 
at  this  place,  not  entirely  among  strangers,  as  I 
expected  to  be.  The  old  gentleman  was  formerly 
acquainted  with  my  father,  both  at  the  university, 
and  at  B-k-d  (Berkhampstead),  and  his  wife- 
travelled  with  me  from  thence  to  London  in  the 
stage  coach  above  20  years  since.  It  pleased  the 
Lord  to  take  occasion  by  these  seemingly  trivial 
circumstances  to  make  my  childhood  and  youth, 
in  their  most  affecting  colours,  pass  in  review 


*  Ps.  Ixxxii.  compared  with  Matt.  xxi.  16. 
t  Great  Berkhampstead. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  u.  JULY  30, 


before  me,  and  these  were  followed  by  such  a  tender 
recollection  of  my  dear  father,  and  all  his  kindness 
to  me,  the  amiableness  and  sweetness  of  his  temper 
and  character,  that  I  went  out  into  the  orchard, 
and  burst  forth  into  praise  and  thanksgiving  to 
God,  for  having  made  me  the  son  of  a  parent, 
whose  remembrance  was  so  sweet  to  me.  I  have 
frequently  thought,  and  expressed  myself  with 
more  anxiety  than  perhaps  was  right,  upon  the 
subject  of  his  state  towards  God,  at  the  time  of  his 
dissolution.  I  was  not  with  him,  and  they  who 
were,  were  not  likely  to  be  very  observant  of  any 
evangelical  words  that  might  probably  fall  from 
his  lips  in  his  last  moments.  He  was  every  thing 
that  is  excellent  and  praiseworthy  towards  man, 
but  to  one  who  has  been  enabled  to  see  Jesus,  as 
the  alone  Saviour,  this  is  no  evidence  of  the 
acceptance  of  any  man.  I  am  willing  to  hope,  that 
the  Lord,  who  pities  all  our  infirmities,  and  knows 
all  our  desires,  was  pleased  to  fill  my  heart  and  my 
mouth  with  thanksgivings  on  his  behalf,  that  1 
might  have  a  comfortable  expectation  of  meeting 
him  before  the  throne  hereafter.  I  could  hardly 
help  giving  thanks  to  Jesus,  that  He  had  numbered 
him  with  His  redeemed  people.  Though  fearful- 
ness  to  offend,  and  a  consciousness  that  I  had  no 
right  to  pry  into  the  secrets  of  the  Almighty,  or  to 
expect  satisfaction  upon  such  a  subject,  restrained 
me, — I  would  not  build  hay  or  stubble  upon  this, 
or  any  other  experience,  or  lay  more  upon  it  than 
it  will  bear ;  but  I  am  willing  to  hope  the  best 
-concerning  him,  to  wait  patiently  for  greater 
certainty  in  the  life  to  come,  and  in  the  mean  while 
to  rest  satisfied  that  the  Judge  of  all  the  earth  will 
do*  right. 

I  am,  my  dear  Aunt, 

Your  affectionate  nephew,  etc.  etc. 

John  Cow  per,  the  father,  died  10  July, 
1756,  aet.  61.  If  he  resided  at  Cambridge 
as  an  undergraduate,  he  must  have  entered 
about  1712 ;  anyhow  he  did  not  proceed  to 
a  B.A.  degree,  but  was  admitted  D.D.  by 
royal  mandate  in  1728.  The  only  Moody 
who  appears  in  the  *  Graduati '  near  this  time 
is  Sam.  Moody,  of  Queens',  B.A.  1704/5, 
M.A.  1708,  D.D.  1744,  an  author.  But  he 
cannot  be  meant,  for  Cowper  would  certainly 
have  styled  him  Doctor.  He  was  rector 
of  Doddinghurst,  Essex.  John  Cowper's 
university  friend  was  James  Moody,  son  of 
J.  Moody,  of  Simpson,  in  Bucks,  gent.,  who 
matriculated  from  Christ  Church  17  Dec.,  1711, 
•  aet.  17,  B.A.  1715.  He  was  not,  as  Foster 
says,  rector  of  Dinton,  but  of  Dunton  (both 
are  in  Bucks,  but  Dunton  nearer  Olney). 

*'  On  a  large  slab  in  the  floor  of  the  chancel  [of 
Dunton  Church],  near  the  north  wall:  Sacred  to 
the  memory  of  the  Reverend  James  Moody,  55  years 
Rector  of  this  Parochial  Church,  from  the  year  1717, 
a  faithful  Shepherd,  beloved  by  his  Flock,  having 
constantly  resided  with  them  near  30  years :  labour- 
ing in  the  word  and  ministry  to  the  time  that  he 
departed  this  life,  August  22(l  1772,  full  of  days, 
having  lived  80  years,  and  in  full  assurance  of 
eternal  life  through  the  alone  merit  of  his  Saviour 
Jesus  Christ,  who  died  for  our  sins  and  rose  again 

*   Will  do  in  text,  does  in  margin. 


for  our  justification,  to  whom  with  the  Father  and 
the  Holy  Ghost  be  all  honour  and  glory  now  and 
ever.  Amen."— Lipscomb's  '  Bucks,'  ii.  344b. 

He  was  inducted  30  Sept.,  1717  (ib.  343). 

John  Cowper,  son  of  Spencer,  of  South- 
wick,  Surrey,  Esq.,  matriculated  from 
Wadham  College,  14  Oct.,  1715,  aet.  20;  B.A. 
5  Feb.,  1715/6;  Fellow  of  Merton  College, 
M.A.  18  Dec.,  1718  (Foster,  'Alumni  Oxon.'). 
See  for  the  Cowpers  Clutterbuck's  '  Herts,' 
i.  ii.  index. 
Pp.  49-50  :— 

Letter  7.     [No  date.] 

I  thank  you  for  the  history  of  the  two  minikin 

saints  of .     What  numbers  are  there  who  steal 

out  of  this  life  into  glory,  who  do  but  just  touch 
the  cup  of  affliction  with  their  lips,  and  go  imme- 
diately to  the  rivers  of  pleasure,  which  are  at  God's 
right  hand  for  evermore !  I  think  they  are  two 
the  most  remarkable  instances  I  have  heard  of,  and 
younger  than  any  of  Janeway's*  collection.  They 
gave  me  not  a  little  pleasure,  but  Mrs.  U[nwin] 
much  more,  whose  heart  was  in  a  livelier  frame 
than  mine,  and  better  disposed  to  rejoice  at  the 
sound  of  such  wonderful  salvation. 

Ingratitude  to  the  Author  of  all  my  mercies,  is 
my  continual  burthen ;  yet  I  do  not  groan  under  it 
as  I  ought,  and  wish  to  do.  My  spirit  is  dull  and 
heavy  in  prayer,  slow  in  meditation,  arid  I  have 
but  little  sensible  communion  with  my  Almighty 
Redeemer.  Yet  I  am  supported  secretly,  and  my 
enemy  doth  not  triumph  over  me  ;  a  firm  belief 
that  none  can  perish  that  have  an  all  powerful 
Saviour  on  their  side,  though  it  is  not  always 
attended  with  sensible  consequences,  is  yet  always 
a  rock,  that  neither  wind  nor  flood  can  overturn. 
Lord,  increase  in  me  this  precious  faith  ! 

Worst  of  all  things  that  hasf  breath, 

Bondman  born  to  sin  and  death, 

Lo  !  I  come,  to  glory  brought, 

By  the  mercies  Thou  hast  wrought. 

Snatch'd  from  never-ending  doom, 
Freed  from  Death  and  Hell  I  come. 
Ancient  of  eternal  days, 
God  and  Man,  be  thine  the  praise. 
Alas  !    my  dear  Aunt,  there  is  more  of   the  head 
than  heart  in  all  I  write,  and  in  all  I  do  towards 
God,  but  I  shall  be  sincere  in  praising  Him,  when 
I  shall  see  Him  as  He  is.    The  Lord  bless  you  con- 
tinually !  etc.  etc. 

Pp.  51-53  :— 

Letter  8. 

Decr  10,  1767. 
Dated  from  01— y  (Olney). 

DEAR  AUNT,— I  should  not  have  suffered  your  last 
kind  letter  to  have  laid  [-sic]  by  me  so  long  un- 
answered, had  it  not  been  for  many  hindrances,  and 
especially  one,  which  has  engaged  much  of  my 
attention.  My  dear  friend,  Mrs.  U—  (Unwin), 
whom  the  Lord  gave  me  to  be  a  comfort  to  me,  in 
that  wilderness  from  which  He  has  just  delivered 


*  James  Janeway  of  Christ  Church :  '  A  Token 
'or  Children  ;  being  an  Exact  Account  of  the  Con- 
version, Holy  and  Exemplary  Lives  and  Joyful 
Deaths,  of  several  Young  Children.'  Lond.  pt.  i. 
1671 :  pt.  ii.  1672. 

f  Sic,  for  have. 


s.  ii.  JULY  30, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


85 


me,  has  been,  for  many  weeks  past,  in  so  declining 
a  way,  and  has  suffered  so  many  attacks  of  the  most 
excruciating  pain,  that  I  have  hardly  been  able  to 
keep  alive  the  faintest  hopes  of  her  recovery, 
know,  that  our  God  heareth  prayer,  and  I  know  that 
He  hath  opened  mine,  and  many  hearts  amongst 
this  people,  to  pray  for  her.  Here  lies  my  chiei 
support,  without  which  I  should  look  upon  myseli 
as  already  deprived  of  her.  Again,  when  I  con- 
sider the  great  meetness  to  which  the  Lord  has 
wrought  her  for  the  inheritance  in  light ;  her  most 
exemplary  patience  under  the  sharpest  sufferings  ; 
her  truly  Christian  humility  and  resignation  ;  I  am 
more  than  ever  inclined  to  believe  that  her  hour  has 
come.  Let  me  engage  your  prayers  for  her,  and  for 
me.  You  know  what  I  have  most  need  of,  upon  an 
occasion  like  this.  Pray  that  I  may  receive  it  at 
His  hands,  from  whom  every  good  and  perfect  gift 
cometh.  She  is  the  chief  of  blessings  I  have  met 
with,  in  my  journey,  since  the  Lord  was  pleased  to 
call  me,  and  I  hope  the  influence  of  her  edifying 
and  excellent  example,  will  never  leave  me.  Her 
illness  has  been  a  sharp  trial  to  me.  Oh  !  that  it 
may  hava  a  sanctified  effect,  that  I  may  rejoice  to 
surrender  up  to  the  Lord,  my  dearest  comforts,  the 
moment  He  shall  require  them.  Oh !  for  no  will, 
but  the  will  of  my  Heavenly  Father  ! 

I  return  you  thanks  for  the  verses  you  sent  me, 
which  speak  sweetly  the  language  of  a  Christian 
soul.  I  wish  I  could  pay  you  in  kind  ;  but  must  be 
contented  to  pay  you  in  the  best  kind  I  can.  I 
began  to  compose  them  yesterday  morning  before 
daybreak,  but  fell  asleep  at  the  end  of  the  two  first 
lines:*  when  I  awaked  again,  the  third  and  fourth 
were  whispered  to  my  heart  in  a  way  which  I  have 
often  experienced  :— 

Oh  for  a  closer  walk  with  God, 
A  calm  and  heavenly  frame, 

A  light  to  shine  upon  the  road, 
That  leads  me  to  the  Lamb. 

Where  is  the  blessedness  I  knew, 

When  first  I  saw  the  Lord  ? 
Where  is  the  soul-refreshing  view 

Of  Jesus  inf  His  word  ? 

WThat  peaceful  hours  I  then  enjoyed, 

How  sweet  their  memory  still ! 
But  they  have  left  an  aching  void, 

The  world  can  never  fill. 
Return,  oh  holy  Dove,  return, 

Sweet  messenger  of  rest ; 
I  hate  the  sins  that  made  Thee  mourn, 

And  drove  Thee  from  my  breast. 
The  dearest  idol  I  have  known, 

Whate'er  that  idol  be, 
Help  me  to  tear  it  from  Thy  throne, 

And  worship  only  Thee. 
Then  shall  my  walk  be  close  with  God, 

Calm  and  serene  my  frame  ; 
Then  purer  light  shall  mark  the  road, 

That  leads  me  to  the  Lamb. 

I  am  yours,  my  dear  Aunt,  in  the  bands  of  that 
Love  which  cannot  be  quenched.  etc.  etc. 

JOHN  E.  B.  MAYOR. 

(To  be  continued.) 


*  Mrs.  Cowper's  note:  "Stanzas." 

t  In  the  'Olney  Hymns,'  No.  1,  this  verse  runs  : 
"Of  Jesus  and  his  word,"  which  is  a  manifest 
corruption. 


"  PEEK-BO."— In  Ben  Jonson's  *  Every  Man. 
out  of  his  Humour/  p.  138  (folio,  1616),  near 
the  beginning  of  Act  IV.,  the  following  pas- 
sage occurs  : — 

"Fallace.  Hey-da  !  this  is  excellent !  He  lay  my 
life  this  is  my  husband's  dotage.  I  thought  so ; 
nay,  neuer  play  peeke-boe  with  me,  I  know,  you 
doe  nothing  but  studie  how  to  anger  me,  sir." 

This  play  was  produced  in  1599  and  printed 
in  quarto  in  1600.  Gifford,  followed  by  Cun- 
ningham, reads  "bo-peep"  for  "  peeke-boe," 
although  he  professedly  follows  the  folio. 
Mr.  Bradley,  of  the  '  New  English  Dictionary/ 
referred  me  to  the  parallel  *'  keek-bo,"  which 
may  be  found  in  Jamieson's  'Scottish  Dic- 
tionary.' Since  my  writing  to  him  (he  had 
no  example),  I  have  come  across  the  following 
passage  in  'The  School  of  the  Woods/  by 
Charles  Copeland  (Boston,  1903),  p.  29  :  "Fear 
and  wonder  and  questionings  dancing  in 
their  soft  eyes  as  they  turned  them  back  at 
me  like  a  mischievous  child  playing  at  peek- 
aboo." So  that  the  term  is  living  in  America. 
The  same  writer  uses  "  peek  "  several  times, 
of  animals,  for  peer,  peep,  or  pry  about ;  in 
which  sense  it  is  not  uncommon  in  Eliza- 
bethan English — as  in  the  "peaking  cprnuto, 
her  husband,"  in  '  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor/ 
where  it  is  peculiarly  well  suited  to  a  "  horned 
beast."  H.  C.  HART. 

[Peeke-bo  is  still  said  by  mothers  and  nurses  to 
children.  We  have  often  heard  it.] 

"REQUIEM,"  A  SHARK.— The  French  word 
for  "  shark  '  is  requin,  admittedly  a  popular 
corruption  of  requiem  ;  Littre  says,  "  a  cause 
qu'il  n'y  a  plus  a  dire  qu'un  requiem  pour 
celui  qu'un  requin  saisit."  It  seems  to  have 
hitherto  escaped  notice  that  the  full  form 
requiem  is  found  in  this  sense  in  several  Eng- 
lish seventeenth-century  books.  No  doubt 
the  'N.E.D.'  will  presently  give  us  the  his- 
tory of  this  odd  application  of  the  term. 
Meanwhile,  the  following  extract  from  a  rare 
work,  *  The  History  of  the  Caribby  Islands/ 
by  John  Davies,  of  Kidwelly,  1666,  p.  103, 
may  be  deemed  worth  quoting  here,  because 
it  gives  reasons  for  the  name  rather  at 
variance  with  that  accepted  by  the  great 
French  lexicographer  : — 

'  Some  nations  call  this  monster  Tiburon  and 
Tut'i  ron  ;  but  the  French  andPortuguez  commonly 
call  it  Requiem,  that  is  to  say,  rest,  haply,  because 
le  is  wont  to  appear  in  fair  weather,  as  the  tortoises 
also  do,  or  rather  because  he  soon  puts  to  rest 
whatever  he  can  take." 

JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

"WORDS  THAT  BURN."  —  A  recent  corre- 
spondent of  the  Standard  thus  expresses 
limself  about  Bishop  Goodrich,  of  Ely, 
who  was  somewhat  of  a  time-server  at 


86 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  JULY  ao,  MM. 


the  latter  end  of  the  sixteenth  century: 
"  He  was,  in  short,  a  veritable  typical  turn- 
coat, a  salamander,  ready  to  eat  his  own 
words,  however  scorching."  The  idea  of  an 
articulating  salamander  feeding  on  its  own 
utterances  is  very  striking.  Had  such  a 
wondrous  creature  addressed  Giovanni  Cel- 
lini on  a  memorable  occasion,  Benvenuto 
would  hardly  have  needed  a  box  on  the  ear 
to  impress  the  fact  on  his  memory. 

ST.  SWTTHIN. 

BOHEMIAN  VILLAGES.  —  DK.  H.  KREBS  re- 
cently drew  my  attention  to  the  expression 
'  Bohmischen  Db'rfer"  in  Grimm's  *  Deutsches 
Worterbuch,'  where  Bohemian  villages  are 
singled  out  for  special  notice,  along  with 
Bohemian  garnets,  glass,  <kc.  The  latter 
speak  for  themselves  and  enjoy  a  national 
reputation,  but  it  is  not  clear  why  the  villages 
are  considered  distinctive.  I  am  familiar 
with  the  bitter  Cech-Teuton  rivalry  by  per- 
sonal witness,  and  appealed  to  Dr.  V.  E. 
Mourek,  Professor  of  Germanic  at  Prague 
(Cech)  University,  a  good  friend  to  English 
scholars,  who  writes  : — 

"  As  to  Bohemian  villages,  1  know  what  is  meant 
by  them,  but  am  not  quite  so  sure  about  how  they 
became  a  by-word.  If  a  German  wants  to  say,  *  I 
have  not  the  least  idea  about  such  and  such  a 
matter,'  he  says,  '  That  is  a  Bohemian  village  to 
me.'  I  think  the  origin  of  the  saying  was  the 
miserable  state  Bohemia  was  left  in  after  the  Thirty 
Years'  War,  when  the  villages  there  were  few  and 
far  between  and  laid  waste.  But  it  is  remarkable 
that  we  in  Bohemia  say  in  such  a  case,  '  That  is  a 
Spanish  village  to  me,'  and  I  have  read  this  also 
in  German  books.  It  can  only  mean  that  Spanish 
villages  are  so  far  away  from  the  speaker  that  he 
cannot  know  anything  about  them." 

Count  Liitzow  tells  me  that  Schiller's 
'Rauber'may  afford  some  explanation.  As 
to  Spanish  villages,  there  is  considerable  poli- 
tical connexion  between  Spain  and  Austria, 
but  Prof.  Mourek's  conjecture  seems  more 
probable.  Prof.  W.  R.  Morfill  compares  the 
German  expression  with  the  English  "  That 
is  all  High  (or  double)  Dutch  to  me  " ;  and 
DR.  KREBS  refers  to  the  saying,  "Wie  die 
Kuhe  Spanisch  reden." 

FRANCIS  P.  MARCHANT. 

106,  Pathtield  Road,  Streatham  Common. 

OWEN  BRIGSTOCKE.  (See  8th  S.  xi.  168,  257.) 
—I  can  add  that  Owen  Brigstocke  was  elected 
F.R.S.  on  30  November,  1710,  and  F.S.A.  on 
6  January,  1720,  as  of  Carmarthen,  where  he 
died  apparently  in  1746.  His  will,  bearing 
date  14  April,  1746,  is  registered  in  the  Pre- 
rogative Court  of  Canterbury.  On  20  Decem- 
ber, 1748,  administration  with  the  will  annexed 
was  granted  to  William  Brigstocke  (testator's 
nephew),  the  father  of  and  guardian  assigned  to 


Owen  Brigstocke,  an  infant,  the  great-nephew 
and  sole  residuary  legatee  named  in  the  will 
— Richard,  Lord  Bishop  of  St.  David's,  sole 
executor  and  sole  residuary  legatee  in  trust, 
first  renouncing  as  well  the  execution  thereof 
as  the  said  trust.  Most  of  his  property  came 
to  him  through  his  marriage.  His  estate  of 
Tyr  Isha  in  Llandeveilog,  Carmarthenshire, 
he  received  from  his  brother  William  in 
exchange  for  a  property  of  greater  value  in 
Cardiganshire. 

His  nephew  William  Brigstocke,  who  was 
J.P.  for  Cardiganshire,  died  11  March,  1751 
(Gent.  Mag.,  p.  140).  His  will  (also  in  the 
Prerogative  Court)  was  proved  by  his  widow 
Mary  27  March  following.  His  real  estate  in 
the  several  counties  of  Carmarthen,  Cardigan, 
and  Pembroke,  and  the  county  borough  of 
Carmarthen,  was  bequeathed  to  his  eldest  son, 
Owen  Brigstocke,  a  minor.  ITA  TBSTOR. 

THE  SPANIARDS  OF  ASIA. — When  every  one 
is  admiring  the  progress  and  the  martial 
courage  of  the  Japanese  people,  it  is  inter- 
esting to  call  to  mind  a  description  of  them 
which  was  given  in  the  seventeenth  century. 

On  p.  175  of  "El  Critic6n,  Segunda  Parte 

por  Lorenzo  Gracian  (En  Huesca :  por  luan 
Nogues.  Aiio  1653),"  in  the  chapter  headed 
*  Armeria  del  Valor,'  one  reads  : — 

"A  los  Africanos  los  huesos,  que  tengan  que 
roer  como  quien  son  ;  las  espaldas  a  los  Chinas,  el 
coracon  a  los  lapones,  que  son  los  Espafioles  del 
Asia ;  y  el  espinazo  a  los  Negros." 

This  is  an  item  in  the  'Testamento  del 
Valor/  to  quote  the  marginal  description  of 
the  section.  In  the  same  distribution  of  her 
"  lastimoso  cadauer,"  Valor  is  made  to  say,  a 
few  lines  above  : — 

"Iten  mas  dexo  el  rostro  a  los  Ingleses,  sereis 
lindos,  vnos  Angeles,  mas  temo,  que  como  las 
hermosas  aueis  de  ser  faciles  en  hazer  cara  a  vn 
Calbino,  a  vn  Lutero,  y  al  mismo  diablo :  sobre 
todo  guardaos  no  os  vea  la  vulpeja,  que  dira  luego 
aquello  de  hermosa  fachata,  mas  sin  celebro." 

So  the  Japanese  got  the  heart  of  valour  for 
being  the  Spaniards  of  Asia  ;  and  the  Musco- 
vites got  the  lung.  E.  S.  DODGSON. 

IRRESPONSIBLE  SCRIBBLERS.  (See  9th  S.  xi. 
461.) — I  think  the  pernicious  custom  of 
scribbling  signatures  upon  public  buildings, 
monuments,  and  other  objects  of  interest  by 
British  holiday-makers  is  largely  on  the  in- 
crease. Many  historical  memorials  have  been 
quite  spoilt  by  this  practice.  Apparently  the 
only  object  some  people  have  in  visiting  a 
picturesque  or  historic  spot  is  to  record  their 
signatures  or  initials  upon  the  principal 
feature  or  relic  which  has  rendered  the  place 
famous.  I  do  not  know  that  I  have  ever 


ii.  JULY  so,  1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


87 


heard  of  any  one  being  prosecuted  for  such 
•an  act,  and  yet  it  would  seem  a  very  easy 
matter  to  run  some  of  the  culprits  to  earth, 
for  I  have  often  observed  a  name  and  full 
address  recorded.  Is  it  because  the  custo- 
dians of  such  places  usually  care  so  little 
about  them  that  they  take  the  least  possible 
notice  of  the  desecration  accomplished  by 
the  scribbling  fiend  ?  The  other  day  I  walked 
over  from  Crpmer  to  the  "  Garden  of  Sleep." 
Pausing  awhile  amid  the  ruins  of  Overstrand 
Church,  I  noticed  that  the  flint  facing  of  the 
walls  had  been  covered  with  signatures  and 
initials  wherever  available.  This  was  par- 
ticularly the  case  under  the  east  window. 
When  I  reached  Sidestrand  I  found  the  soli- 
tary old  church  tower  desecrated  in  a  similar 
manner.  On  an  old  board  had  been  painted 
many  years  ago  the  following  : — 

"Notice.— Ruins  of  St.  Michael's  Church.  Visi- 
tors to  this  spot  are  reminded  that  it  is  consecrated 
ground,  and  are  requested  not  to  damage  either  the 
tower  or  the  churchyard.— By  Order,  the  Rector 
and  Churchwardens." 

Will  it  be  believed  that  this  notice  was 
rendered  nearly  illegible  by  numberless 
names  and  initials  carved,  scratched,  and 
written  all  over  it  ?  Apparently  nothing  is 
sacred  in  the  eyes  of  these  irresponsible 
scribblers  but  their  own  signatures. 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

FINGAL  AND  DiARMiD.— In  the  old  edition 
of  Black's  guide  to  Scotland  I  find  the  follow- 
ing reference  to  the  Spital  of  Glenshee : 
*' Across  the  glen  is  the  Boar's  Loch,  into 
which  Fingal  threw  his  golden  goblet  to 
tantalize  the  dying  Diarmid,  whose  grave  is 
near  at  hand." 

I  have  been  anxious  to  trace  the  source  of 
this,  but  so  far  have  failed  to  do  so,  though 
I  have  searched  Macpherson's  *  Ossian '  with 
care.  I  shall  be  very  greatly  obliged  if  any 
of  your  readers  can  enlighten  me  as  to  its 
origin,  and  where  I  may  find  an  account  of 
the  scene.  In  Ossian,  Diarmid  only  appears 
on  the  scene  in  Ireland.  G.  1C.  MITTON. 

"  PAULES  FETE."— Can  any  of  your  readers 
explain  the  origin  and  nature  of  this  standard 
of  length  ?  Dr.  Murray  has  only  two  in- 
stances of  its  use,  both  belonging  to  the 


same  decade.    The  first  relates  to  the  build- 
ing of  a  bridge,  to  replace 
"a  Brigge  of   Tymbre   called    Turnbrigg,   in   the 
Parisshe  of  Snay th  in  the  same  Countie ' 
(Yorks),  by 
"anothir  Brigge  there,  lengere  in  lengthe  by  the 

quantitie  of  v.  yerdes  called  the  Kynges  standard 

The  seide  newe  brigge  so  to  be  made  with  a  draght 
lef  cpntenyng  the  space  of  iiii.  fete  called  Paules 
fete  in  brede,  for  the  voidyng  thorugh  of  the  mastes 
of  the  shippes  passinge  vnder  the  seide  new  brigg."* 
In  1447  one  Shiryngton,  in  his  will  (now  at 
Somerset  House),  wrote  of  some  object  of  the 
"height  of  two  poules  fete."  Dr.  Murray 
has  no  further  context,  and  he  would  be  glad 
to  have  this,  and  information  as  to  the 
testator's  place  of  residence.  Any  further 
quotations  which  would  throw  light  on  the 
phrase  (addressed  "Dr.  Murray,  Oxford") 
would  be  welcome.  ROBT.  J.  WHITWELL. 
Oxford. 

"A  SINGING  FACE."— 

I  see  you  have  a  singing  face. 
Fletcher's  *  The  Wild  Goose  Chase,'  II.  ii. 

Does  not  this  also  occur  in  'Bombastes 
Furioso,'  or  some  other  familiar  eighteenth- 
century  play  ?  H.  T. 

"AN   OLD   SHOE."  — In  'The  Wild  Goose 
Chase,'  II.  i.,  Belleur  says  : — 
I  am  then  determined  to  do  wonders. 
Farewell,  and  fling  an  old  shoe.    How  my  heart 
throbs ! 

Is  this  an  early  instance  of  the  practice  at 
weddings1?  H.  T. 

BREECHES  BIBLE.— Would  some  one  kindly 
inform  me  whether  there  was  more  than  one 
edition  of  the  "  Breeches "  Bible  ?  If  so,  at 
what  dates  were  they  printed?  Is  the 
number  of  copies  in  existence  known  ?  What 
would  be  the  cost  of  a  copy  ?  J.  W, 

[The  first  edition  appeared  at  Geneva  in  1560, 
and  fifty  editions  were  issued  in  the  course  of  the 
next  thirty  years.  The  first  edition  fetches,  accord- 
ing to  condition,  from  three  to  twenty  pounds. 
Early  editions  sometimes  fetch  four  or  five  pounds, 
and  later  anything  from  ten  shillings  to  three 
pounds.  It  is  impossible  to  say  how  many  copies 
are  in  existence.  Copiea  of  the  first  edition  are 
in  the  British  Museum,  the  Lambeth  Library,  in 
St.  John's  College  and  Balliol  College,  Oxford,  in 
the  Public  Library,  Cambridge,  and  in  some  private 
libraries.] 

"  SAINT  "  AS  A  PREFIX.— The  form  of  Sel- 
linger,  for  St.  Leger  (10th  S.  i.  428,  491),  is 
only  one  of  many  cases  where  the  prefix  is 
merged  in  the  name  in  colloquial  usage. 
Other  instances — such  as  Simmery  for  St. 


*  'Parliament  Roll,'  20  Hen.  VI.  [1442],  m.  11. 
Printed  in  '  Rot.  Par!.,'  v.  44.  I  have  verified  the 
last  sentence  only  with  the  original  roll. 


88 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [lo*  s.  n.  JULY  so,  190*. 


Mary,  and  Singin  for  St.  John— are  equally 
familiar.  I  have  also  met  with  Sample  for 
St.  Paul,  Stanton  for  St.  Anthony,  and  Sint- 
lin  for  St.  Helen.  As  these  contractions 
occur  not  infrequently  in  documents  where 
their  forms  obscure  the  actual  names,  it 
would  be  of  service  to  have  a  collection  of 
all  known  instances.  Can  such  a  list  be 
supplied  1  R.  OLIVER  HESLOP. 

Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 

[In  the  *  Clergy  Directory '  \re  find  a  name  which 
the  bearer  writes  St.  Clair  spelt  Sinclair.  It  is  a 
second,  and  not  a  final,  name.] 

WOFFINGTON.  —  Can  any  reader  who  is 
interested  in  nomenclature  oblige  with  the 
information  whether  Woffington  is  a  root- 
name  or  a  mere  variant?  Dragged  once 
upon  a  time  from  obscurity  by  the  genius  of 
a  great  but  lowly-born  actress,  the  name 
has  always  been  rare,  and  now  seems  to  be 
extinct.  Although  possessing  an  unmis- 
takable English  air,  it  is,  I  am  told,  Flemish 
in  its  origin  :  a  fact— if  fact  it  be— that 
would  seemingly  account  for  its  infrequency 
in  our  country.  Information  on  the  point 
would  also  be  thankfully  received. 
m  If  the  current  directories  of  the  principal 
cities  in  the  United  Kingdom  be  any  criterion, 
the  name  Woffington  is  now  'no  longer 
extant.  In  them  one  can  only  trace  possible 
variants  in  Woffenden,  Woffendon,  Woffindin, 
Wolfenden,  Wolfendin,  Wolfington,  Woolfen- 
den,  Woffendale,  and  Wolfendale.  It  is 
noteworthy  that  in  Dublin,  the  natal  city  of 
Peg  Woffington,  records  of  the  Woffendens 
are  to  be  found  as  far  back  as  the  year  1664. 
REGINALD  G.  LAWRENCE. 

LADY  ELIZABETH  GERMAIN.— Is  there  an 
engraved  portrait  of  this  lady  ?  or  where  can 
any  other  portrait  of  her  be  seen  ? 

XYLOGRAPHER. 

"  REVERSION  "  OF  TREES.— I  shall  esteem  it 
a  favour  if  any  of  your  correspondents  can 
inform  me  whether  any,  and  if  so  what, 
special  name  is  given  to  trees,  such  as  the 
orange  and  plum,  the  seeds  of  which  appa- 
rently revert  to  their  original  wild  type;  also 
whether  a  list  of  them  is  given  in  any 
standard  work.  KERNEL. 

GEORGE  STEINMAN  STEINMAN.  —  This  able 
antiquary,  the  historian  of  Croydon  and 
biographer  of  Court  favourites  in  the  days 
of  the  second  Charles,  was  an  occasional  con- 
tributor to  '  1ST.  &  Q.'  from  1852  to  1869.  His 
Notes  on  Grammont'  (1st  S.  viii.  461)  are 
especially  valuable.  His  separate  publica- 
tions cover  the  period  1833-80.  I  do  not  see 
MR.  feTEiNMAN's  name  in  the  Jubilee  lists 


of  1N.  &  Q.,'  1899-1900.     Is  he  still  living? 
Information  much  desiderated. 

ITA  TESTOR. 

COTTYNGHAM  WILL. — Among  the  *  Wills- 
proved  in  Prerogative  Court  of  Canterbury, 
1383-1558'  (British  Record  Society),  under 
]  546  occurs  that  of  "  Cottyngham,  William, 
St.  Marten,  Ludgate,  London,  29  Alen." 
Where  can  I  see  this  will  1  I  have  tried 
Somerset  House,  but  the  will  is  not  there. 

IGNORAMUS. 

'GOD  SAVE  THE   KlNG '   PARODIED. — An  old 

man  who,  if  he  were  alive,  would  be  more 
than  a  hundred  years  of  age,  used  to  sing  a. 

garody  on  *  God  save  the  King,'  in  which  the 
allowing  lines  occurred  : — 

Bring  us  good  ale  in  store, 

And  when  that 's  done  send  us  more 

And  the  key  of  the  cellar  door. 

Has  this  ditty  ever  been  printed  ?  and  if  it 
has,  where  can  I  see  it  ?  K.  P.  D.  E. 

EDMUND  HALLEY,  SURGEON  R.N.—  A  letter 
from  the  Public  Record  Office,  dated  17  Nov., 
1898,  signed  by  the  late  Mr.  J.  J.  Cartwright, 
courteously  conveys  the  information  follow- 
ing, as  the  result  of  a  search  made,  under 
direction  of  the  Deputy  -  Keeper,  in  the 
Admiralty  records,  relative  to  Edmund 
Halley,  Surgeon  R.N. : — 

Ship,  Dursley ;  rank,  surgeon;  entered 
8  May,  1732  ;  discharged  15  January,  1733. 
Quitted. 

Half-pay  surgeon  ;  entered  21  Feb.,  1733 ; 
discharged  13  Sept.,  1739. 

Ship,  Bristoll  ;  rank,  surgeon  ;  entered 
14  Sept.,  1739  ;  discharged  8  Aug.,  1740.  His- 
wife  Isabella,  Ex. 

Is  it  known  in  what  parish  he  resided  or 
where  he  was  buried  1  His  domicile  in  1736 
appears  to  have  been  on  property,  presumably 
in  or  near  London,  formerly  belonging  to  his. 
paternal  grandfather  (see  9th  S.  xi.  464). 

EUGENE  FAIRFIELD  McPiKE. 

Chicago,  U.S. 

THOMAS  RAYNOLDS.  —  In  his  *  Memorials 
Ecclesiastical  of  King  Edward  VI.,'  ch.  xix., 
Strype  gives  at  the  year  1552  a  list  of  persons 
excepted  from  the  general  pardon  granted  by 
the  long.  Nearly  at  the  end  of  the  list  we 
find  "  Thomas  Raynolds  of  Whitstable,  in  the 
county  of  Kent,  and  another  Thomas  Ray- 
nolds." Who  was  the  second  Thomas  Ray- 
nolds 1  Was  he  an  ecclesiastic  1  And  what 
was  his  offence  1  H.  A. 

TWERTON  VICARS.— In  September  last  some 
queries  as  to  a  few  former  vicars  of  Twerton, 
Somerset,  were  so  readily  and  truly  answered 


ii.  JULY  so,  1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


that  the  replies  were  of  much  value,  and  led 
indirectly  to  still  further  information.  I 
should  now  be  very  grateful  for  any  par- 
ticulars with  regard  to  the  following,  who 
were  of  still  earlier  date,  with  any  notice  of 
their  writings  or  possible  likeness :  Gilbert 
Xeuton,  1529-60;  Henry  Adams,  1660-6; 
Jacob  Hadley,  1566-1623;  Richard  Hadley, 
1623-38;  William  Hansom,  1638-68;  Anthony 
Barr,  1668-73  ;  Thomas  Skinner,  1673-90. 

WM.  STOKES  SHAW. 
The  Vicarage,  Twerton-on-Avon,  Bath. 

SPORTING  CLEROY  BEFORE  THE  REFORMA- 
TION.— Wanted  references  to  any  instances  of 
sport  amongst  the  clergy  of  pre-Reformation 


days. 


P.  C.  D.  M. 


"COME,  LIVE  WITH  ME."— May  I  point  out 
what  I  conceive  to  be  a  "corrupt"  rendering 
in  Marlowe's  well-known  pastoral,  "Come, 
live  with  me  and  be  my  love"?  I  have 
examined  several  copies  of  the  poem,  and 
find  the  error  has  been  transmitted  quite 
pleasantly  enough.  I  cannot  say  what  copy 
Calverley  had  before  him  when  he  sat  down 
to  translate  the  lines  into  Latin,  for,  curiously 
he  breaks  off  at  the  very  point  where  his 
assistance  is  most  desirable,  and  leaves  one 
in  the  dark.  Perhaps  the  line 

Fair-lined  slippers  for  the  cold 
gave  him  pause.  At  any  rate,  I  cannot  help 
thinking  that  Marlowe,  who  was  a  shoe- 
maker's son,  knew  some  of  the  elements  of 
his  father's  trade,  and  often  observed  him 
using  "fur"  for  lining  shoes  and  slippers. 
My  suggestion  is  that  the  line  would  read 
better,  and  be  in  accordance  with  sense  and 
circumstances,  if  printed  : — 

Fur-lined  slippers  for  the  cold. 

M.  L.  R.  BRESLAR. 

[To  talk  of  "error"  in  such  a  case  is  surely 
extravagant.  We  see  no  reason  to  improve  what 
is  sensible  :  but  we  should  first  like  to  ascertain 
what  is  the  MS.  authority,  or  earliest  record  of  the 
poem.  Collections  of  those  before  us  read  "fair- 
lined,"  both  in  this  way  and  as  two  words.  In  the 
latter  case  the  sense  that  the  slippers  are  both 
beautiful  and  lined  seems  excellent.  Jzaac  Walton, 
according  to  the  facsimile  edition  of  the  *  Compleat 
Angler,'  read,  "Slippers  lin'd  choicely  for  the  cold," 
but  we  daresay  that  he  was  quoting  from  memory.] 

HARLSEY  CASTLE,  co.  YORK.— This  was  in 
the  fifteenth  century  the  residence  of  a 
branch  of  the  Strangways  family.  Can  any 
one  inform  me  whether  it  was  situated  at 
East  Harlsey  or  at  West  Harlsey,  and 
whether  its  site  is  still  distinguishable  ? 
There  is  some  information  concerning  this 
branch  of  the  Strangways  family  in  Blore's 
*  History  of  Rutland,'  pp.  8  and  9,  and  also  in 


Hutchins's  *  History  of  Dorset,'  but  in  neither 
work  is  it  stated  to  whom  Eliza,  daughter  of 
Sir  Richard  Strangways,  was  married.  Is 
the  *  Golden  Grove  Book  '  correct  in  stating 
that  she  married  Robert  Byrt,  of  Shrophouse 
(?  in  Dorset),  and  was  ancestress  of  the 
Byrt  family  of  Llwyndyris  in  the  parish  of 
Llandygwydd,  co.  Cardigan  ? 

G.  R,  BRIGSTOCKK. 

CLOSETS  IN  EDINBURGH  BUILDINGS. — In 
the  old  town  of  Edinburgh  remains  still 
exist  of  the  flats  of  the  sixteenth  and  seven- 
teenth centuries.  The  plan  of  one  building 
strongly  resembles  another ;  a  distinctive 
feature  is  the  small  window  at  each  end  of 
the  building,  facing  the  street  and  on  each 
floor.  This  -was  the  window  of  a  small  closet 
opening  off  a  large  room.  What  was  the  use 
of  this  closet?  It  has  been  suggested  that 
it  was  used  as  an  oratory;  but  most  of  the 
buildings  were  erected  after  the  Refor- 
mation. It  seems  more  likely  to  have  been 
used  for  sanitary  purposes,  for  in  all  the 
buildings  examined  there  is  no  other  place 
suitable  for  a  garde-robe.  Is  there  any  refer- 
ence in  contemporary  writings  that  might- 


settle  the  question 

n   (i-~.nrn  n^,,-«-    nt, 


SYDNEY  PERKS. 


5,  Crown  Court,  Cheapside,  E.G. 


PAMELA :  PAMELA. 
(9th  S.  xii.  141,  330 ;  10th  S.  i.  52,  135,  433,  495  ; 

ii.  50.) 

As  DR.  G.  KRUEGER(IOUI  S.  i.  433)  refers  to 
the  few  lines  I  was  able  to  give  to  this  sub- 
ject in  my  'Samuel  Richardson,'  1902,  p.  4C, 
perhaps  I  may  be  allowed  to  say  that  my 
authority  for  the  guarded  statement  that 
Sidney  made  the  name  Pamela  is  the  very 
"  Description  of  Three  Beauties "  in  the 
Musarum  Delicirs '  of  which  MR.  HORTON 
SMITH  quotes  the  opening  couplet.  In  the 
tenth  or  1655  edition  of  'The  Countess  of 
Pembroke's  Arcadia,' that  poem  occupies  the 
inal  pages  preceding  the  '  Alphabetical 
Table.'  It  begins  :— 

Philodea  and  Pamela  sweet 

By  chance  in  one  great  hous  did  meet ; 

and  it  is  headed,  "A  Remedie  for  Love. 
Written  by  Sr  Philip  Sidney,  Heretofore 
omitted  in  the  Printed  Arcadia."  Dr.  A.  B. 
jrrosart  also  includes  it,  with  variations, 
n  the  "Arcadia  pieces  "in  his  'Complete 
Poems  of  Sir  Philip  Sidney,'  1877,  iii.  59  ;  and 
he  prints  it  from  Harleian  MS.  6057,  p.  10  B. 
where  it  is  said  to  be  called  "  An  old  dittie  of 
Sir  Phillipp  Sidneye's,  omitted  in  the  printed 


90 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


s.  n.  JULY  ao,  190*. 


Arcadia."  It  may,  of  course,  be  suggested 
that  the  piece  is  not  Sidney's — an  inquiry 
upon  which  I  cannot  enter  here.  But,  in  any 
case,  the  lines  prove  that  fifty-seven  years 
before  Pope  the  pronunciation  was  Pamela. 

DR.  KRUEGER'S  first  question  has  been 
answered  by  MR.  HORTON  SMITH,  and  it  is 
only  necessary  to  add  that  Aaron  Hill's  letter 
is  not  included  in  the  Richardson  Correspond- 
ence at  South  Kensington.  DR.  KRUEGER 
may  be  interested  to  hear  that  my  first  hint 
of  the  above-mentioned  poem  was  derived 
from  the  excellent  '  Pamela,  ihre  Quellen,' 
<fec.,  of  his  compatriot,  Herr  G.  M.  Gass- 
meyer  (Leipzig-Reudnitz,  1890),  who  appa- 
rently got  it  from  Grosart. 

AUSTIN  DOBSON. 

At  the  last  reference  MR.  SMITH  seems  to 
suggest  that  the  current  pronunciation  of  the 
word  k'  tea"  is  the  correct  one,  and  that  the 
sound  tay,  given  to  it  by  eighteenth-century 
poets,  is  a  Gallicism.  This  is  not  the  case. 
It  cannot  be  too  often  repeated  that  tay, 
like  the  River  Tay,  is  the  sound  which  our 
ancestors  learned  from  the  Chinese  of  the 
port  of  Ampy,  and  that  the  modern  English 
pronunciation  is  corrupt.  In  Tonkin  the 
word  for  "  tea  "  is  che,  pronounced  chay,  with 
the  same  vowel  as  in  the  Amoy  form.  In 
most  other  Oriental  dialects  the  vowel-sound 
is  that  of  a  in  the  name  Charles.  In  Mandarin 
Chinese  the  word  is  cha.  The  same  holds 
good  for  Korean,  and  for  spoken  Japanese, 
but  the  written  form  in  Japanese  is  tiya 
(monosyllable).  In  Annamite,  which  has  an 
extraordinary  predilection  for  initial  tr,  the 
term  becomes  tra.  JAMES  PLATT,  Jun. 

I  can  recall  very  many  years  ago  a  prim 
old  lady,  living  on  the  border  of  Somerset, 
showing  me  with  pride  some  old  Worcester 
and  Crouch  tay  cups.  In  Devonshire,  on  the 
borders  of  Dartmoor,  the  rustics,  in  their 
simplicity,  invite  you  occasionally  to  "  have  a 
dish  or  shard  of  tay  "  ;  e  g.,  a  cottager  has 
asked  my  wife  to  "fetch  a  bit  and  have  a 
shard  of  tea  "  =  Won't  you  sit  down  and  take 
a  cup  of  tea  1  G.  SYMES  SAUNDERS,  M.D. 

Eastbourne. 

MR.  HORTON  SMITH'S  contribution  is  very 
interesting.  But  why  should  I  not  ask  my 
question  about  the  quality  of  the  second 
vowel  of  the  name  under  discussion  ?  There 
is,  as  far  as  I  can  see,  no  reason  to  suppose 
that  the  pronunciation  of  tea  (which  wore 
I  had  only  chosen  as  an  example,  as  riming 
with  aivay  and  obey)  was  "  a  piece  of  the 
foppish  Gallicism  of  the  day,"  but  it  was  in 
fact  only  a  reproduction  of  'the  Chinese,  anc 
the  sound  has  then  progressed  to  the  modern 


one,  just  as  sea  was  formerly  pronounced 
'say";  see  Prof.  Skeat's  '  Etym.  Dictionary.' 
Che  old  pronunciation  has  been  preserved  in 
Ireland,  where  they  say  "mate"  for  meat, 
'plaise"  for  please.  What  I  wanted,  and 
still  want,  to  know  is  this  :  Was  Pamela,  at 
the  beginning  of  the  eighteenth  century, 
^renounced,  by  those  who  stressed  the  second 
syllable,  as  Italians  and  Germans  would  do 
n  that  case,  and  as  the  Romans  pronounced 
:andela  ?  or  was  it  already  Pameela  ? 

The  form  Pamella,  with  short  accented  e 
as  in  umbrella,  is  easily  explainable  from  e 
in  its  Old  English  value),  but  hardly  from  I 
in  modern  spelling  ee  or  ed).  The  change  in 
Denunciation  from  e  to  ea  is  very  regular ; 
compare  O.E.  leaf,  M.E.  lef,  N.E.  leaf;  sceaf, 
shef,  sheaf;  stream,  slrem,  stream;  mcel,wiM, 
neal ;  etan,  cten,  eat ;  cneo,  cne,  knee ;  treo, 
tre,  tree.  It  is  trying  to  discuss  phonetic 
matters  on  the  basis  of  modern  English 
spelling.  G.  KRUEGER. 

Berlin.  

RICHARD  PINCERNA  (10th  S.  i.  469).-Should 
not  the  "  manor  of  Conestone "  read  the 
manor  of  Conarton  ?  And  should  not  "Robert, 
son  of  Robert,  Earl  of  Gloucester,"  read 
Robert,  son  of  William,  Earl  of  Gloucester  ? 

The  whole  history  of  the  Pincerna  (so- 
called)  family  is  very  obscure,  and  though 
the  name  appears  fairly  frequently  in  old 
Cornish  records,  it  is  difficult  to  identify 
many  of  its  bearers. 

There  appear  to  have  been  at  least  two 
owners  of  the  name  of  Richard  Pincerna. 
One,  a  grantee  of  Robert,  son  of  the  Earl  of 
Gloucester,  is  said  to  have  been  the  younger 
brother  of  Roger  de  Courcel.  The  other 
Richard  Pincerna  (c.  1160,  t  ante  9  Richard  I.) 
was  Lord  of  Conarton,  and  probably  a 
cousin. 

Richard  Pincerna,  Lord  of  Conarton,  was 
possibly  the  younger  son  of  William  Albini  L, 
Earl  of  Arundel,  Pincerna  Regis  (of  Wymond- 
ham),  and  his  wife  Queen  Adeliza  (widow  of 
Henry  I.  of  England),  but  this  has  not  been 
proved  beyond  all  question. 

The  grandson  of  Richard  of  Conarton  was 
Sir  John  de  la  Hurne  or  de  Lanherne,  who, 
marrying  another  descendant  of  Richard  of 
Conarton,  had  a  daughter,  Alice  de  la  Hurne. 
This  daughter  married  in  her  turn  another 
cousin,  Renfred  de  Arundel,  a  probable 
descendant  of  William  Albini  II.,  Earl  of 
Arundel  (and  I.  of  Sussex),  the  elder 
brother  of  Richard  Pincerna  of  Conarton. 
From  Renfred  de  Arundel  (or  otherwise 
Albini)  and  his  wife  Alice  de  la  Hurne 
descended  the  Arundels  of  Lanherne, 


io*  s.  ii.  JULY  so,  1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


91 


the  ancestors  of  the  Lords  Arundell  of 
Wardour  and  Arundel  of  Trerice.  The 
present  Lord  Arundell  of  Wardour  is  the 
direct  male  and  senior  representative  of 
(the  "  Great  Arundels  ")  the  family  of  Albini, 
Earls  of  Arundel  and  Sussex,  and  the  great 
St.  Sauveur  family,  and  of  Richard  Pincerna 
of  Conarton.  The  Dukes  of  Norfolk  (present 
Earls  of  Arundel),  Rutland,  and  Somerset, 
Earls  of  Arundel,  Sussex,  Northumberland, 
Bridgewater,  and  Rutland,  the  Lords  of 
Daubeni,  Belvoir,  Mowbray  (many  of  these 
titles  now  merged  in  higher  ones  or  extinct), 
descend  from  the  family  of  Albini,  in  some 
cases  only  in  the  female  line  from  the  Earls 
of  Arundel,  and  in  others  from  junior 
branches  of  the  Albini  family  ;  nor  do  they 
descend  from  Richard  Pincerna  of  Conarton 
unless  they  do  so  by  marriage  with  the 
Arundels  of  Lanherne  and  Wardour. 

Sir  John  de  Lauherne,  the  grandson  and 
eventual  representative  of  Richard  Pincerna 
of  Conarton,  has  been  variously  named 
Boteler  (a  translation  of  Pincerna),  Pincerna, 
Fitz-John,  and  De  la  Hurne  in  pedigrees. 

With  reference  to  the  early  history  of  the 
Albini  family,  the  hereditary  Pincerna  of 
the  Earls  of  Mercia  temp.  Edward  the  Con- 
fessor was  Osulf  fil  Frane,  Lord  of  Belvoir, 
whose  daughter  Adeliza  married  William 
Albini  (de  Bosco  Rohardi),  son  of  Niel  of 
St.  Sauveur,  Viscount  of  the  Cotentin,  <fcc. 
This  William  Albini  became  the  Pincerna 
of  William  I.,  and  his  son,  Hugh  d'lvri,  was 
Pincerna  Regis  temp.  Domesday.  Another 
son  was  William  Albini,  jun.,  Brito  (de 
Nemore  Rohardi,  an  ancestor  of  the  Lords 
Arundell  of  Wardour),  and  still  another  son 
was  Roger  Albini  (Calvus)  d'lvri,  Pincerna 
of  William  I.  and  Castellan  of  Roueri.  One 
of  the  sons  of  this  Roger  Albini,  Pincerna, 
was  William  Albini,  of  Dol,  Lord  of  Corbu- 
chan,  Pincerna  Regis  Henry  I.  This  William 
founded  the  Priory  of  Wymondham,  and  was 
the  father  of  Albini,  first  Earl  of  Arundel 
and  Pincerna  Regis  (of  Wymondham),  the 
father  of  Richard  Pincerna  of  Conarton. 
Hugh  d'lvri,  Pincerna  Regis  temp.  Domes- 
day (named  above),  is  supposed  to  have 
been  the  ancestor  of  the  family  of  Courcel, 
and  may  have  been  the  ancestor  of  Roger 
de  Courcel  and  his  alleged  brother  the 
Richard  Pincerna  first  named  in  this  reply, 
a  grantee  of  Robert,  the  son  of  the  Earl  of 
Gloucester. 

The  Pincernas  are  constantly  mentioned 
in  the  'Early  Genealogical  History  of  the 
House  of  Arundel,'  by  John  Pym  Yeatman, 
and  these  notes  are  derived  from  the  re- 
searches of  Mr.  Yeatman.  They  are  founded 


on  all  the  available  evidence  at  Wardour 
Castle  and  elsewhere,  and  are  acknowledged 
to  be  subject  to  revision  should  other 
evidence  appear.  RONALD  DIXON. 

46,  Marlborough  Avenue,  Hull. 

In  the  'Register  of  S.  Osmund,'  ed. 
W.  H.  R.  Jones,  vol.  ii.  p.  357,  is  a  deed  by 
which  Humphrey  de  Bphun  confirms  a  gift, 
made  by  R.  "de  Cesaris-burgo "  (i.e.,  Salis- 
bury), of  land  at  Burton  to  the  church  of 
Mere.  Among  the  witnesses  to  this  docu- 
ment is  one  "  Ricardus,  pincerna." 

This  word  pincerna,  in  all  the  passages 
where  I  have  found  it,  is  used  as  a  descrip- 
tion rather  than  a  name.  It  is  post-classical 
Latin,  and  means  a  "  cup-bearer"  or  "  butler." 
It  is  derived  from  the  Greek  Trtyxepn/s  (vide 
Ducange,  'Gloss.  Grsec.'),  and  signifies  "one 
who  mixes  drinks."  The  Latin  form  is  used 
by  the  historian  zElius  Lampridius  (ob.  B.C. 
300)  in  his  life  of  Alexander  Severus  (41).  In 
the  Vulgate  (Gen.  xl.  1)  it  is  applied  to 
Pharaoh's  chief  butler;  and  Nehemiah  (Vulg. 
2  Esdr.  i.  11)  describes  himself  as  "pincerna 
regis."  In  the  same  passages  in  the  LXX. 
the  word  is  rendered  by  dpxioivoxoos  and 
oi'i/oxoos,  £gM  "pourer-out  of  wine."  The 
second  of  these  is  a  classical  word  used  by 
Homer,  Euripides,  and  Plato.  To  take  the 
matter  a  step  further,  in  the  Hebrew  version 
of  Genesis  the  word  there  used,  "mashqeh," 
which  is  rendered  "  the  butler,"  should  be 
rather  the  "  cup-bearer,"  and  in  form  is 
related  to  the  "saql "  of  the  Orientals. 

Possibly  the  Japanese  word  "  sake,"  used 
for  the  wine  of  the  country,  may  be  of  the 
same  derivation (?).  Rabshakeh  (Isaiah  xxxvi. 
2),  which  is  not  a  name,  but  a  title,  means  in 
Hebrew  "the  chief  of  the  cup-bearers,"  though 
the  Jews  in  transliterating  this  word  from 
the  Assyrian  lost  sight  of  its  meaning  in  that 
language.  The  Assyrian  "rab-saqe"  means 
"chief  of  the  officers,"  a  military  rank  next 
to  the  "  Tartan  "  (2  Kings  xviii.  17),  and  is  a 
hybrid  formation,  being  half  Assyrian  and 
half  Accadian. 

In  the '  Register  of  S.  Osmund  ' "  pincerna  " 
occurs  again  twice.  A  certain  Philip  is  so 
described,  and  in  the  case  of  one  Walter  the 
expression  used  is  "  tune  pincerna  ejusdem," 
''  at  that  time  his  [ftc.  the  Bishop  of  Sarum's] 
butler."  In  the  '  Rotuli  de  Libertate,'  &c., 
ed.  T.  Duffus  Hardy,  1844,  an  Adam  Pincerna 
is  mentioned  once,  and  the  name  of  Daniel 
Pincerna  is  found  four  times.  The  latter 
was  undoubtedly  King  John's  butler,  as  is 
clear  by  the  words  used  in  one  passage : — 

"Daniel  Pincerne qui  custodivit  vina 

domini  Regis."  The  date  is  1210.  Further 
examples  of  its  use  are  in  '  Saruin  Charters 


92 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [10*  s.  n.  JULY  so,  1904. 


and  Documents,'  p.  19  bis,  'Catalogue  of 
Ancient  Deeds,'  vol.  i.,  A.  1216,  thus  :— 
"  William  Butler  (Pincerna),"  B.  1568  ;  vol.  ii. 
B.  1891,  2587  ;  and  C.  2197. 

In  the  *  Cartularium  Monasterii  de 
Rameseia,'  vol.  i.  p.  41,  there  is  a  list  of 
suitors  who  appeared  at  the  Court  of 
Broughton,  Yorks,  and  one  of  them  from  the 
village  of  Grilling  is  thus  entered,  "Gillinge, 
Ricardus  le  Botiller,"  showing  the  derivation 
of  the  word  Butler  from  bottler.  So  we  find 
"buttery"  from  "bottlery,"  the  place  where 
bottles  were  kept.  CHRISTOPHER  WATSON. 
264,  Worple  Road,  Wimbledon. 

The  Pincerna  family  took  their  name  from 
the  hereditary  office  of  butler  to  the  Earls  of 
Chester  in  the  eleventh  century.  Richard 
Pincerna  succeeded  to  the  Pincerna  estates  on 
the  death  of  his  brother  Robert  Pincerna  de 
Engelby.  He  died  about  1176,  and  had  issue 
Richard  and  Beatrix.  For  particulars  of  this 
family  see  *  Annals  of  the  Lords  of  War- 
rington,'  vol.  Ixxxviii.  of  the  Chetham  Society's 
publications.  HENRY  FISHWICK. 

"1  Hen.  I.  William  de  Albini,  surnamed  Pin- 
cerna, being  styled  '  Pincerna  Henrici  Regis  Anglo- 
rum.'"  —  Nicolas,  'Synopsis  of  the  Peerage  of 
England,'  ed.  1825,  vol.  i.  p.  17. 

"  William  Albini,  who  landed  with  the  Con- 
queror, was  surnamed  Pincerna  from  being  chief 
butler  to  Hen.  I.  His  son  became  Earl  of  Arundel. 
A  manor  in  Kent  was  held  by  Thomas  Pincerna 
of  the  Archbishop  by  knight's  service.  He  was 
probably  so  called  in  consequence  of  his  office  of 
chief  butler  ;  his  successors  assumed  the  name  of 
Boteler  or  Butler."—  Ireland's  '  History  of  Kent.' 

R.  J.  FYNMORE. 

Is  not  the  only  alternative  name  for  this 
favoured  person  Richard  the  cupbearer1? 
In  a  splendidly  illuminated  manuscript  (of 
the  early  half  of  the  century,  the  twelfth, 
alluded  to  by  MR.  HAMBLEY  ROWE)  is  the 
figure  of  a  Norman  cupbearer  with  jug  in 
one  hand  and  drinking-cup  in  the  other  (see 
Wright's  '  Domestic  Manners  and  Sentiments 
of  the  Middle  Ages,'  1862,  p.  90).  No  doubt 
the  duties  of  the  Norman  cupbearer  corre- 
sponded closely  to  those  of  the  Roman 
pincerna,  whose  business  it  was  to  mix  the 
wine,  fill  the  cups,  and  hand  them  round  to 
the  guests  at  table.  Another  illustration— 
ot  a  Roman  pincerna—  will  be  found  in  Rich's 

Roman  and  Greek  Antiquities.'  Elisha 
Coles,  m  his  Latin-English  Dictionary,  gives 

'  Piwerna  =  butler,  skinker,  cupbearer." 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 


AND  ANCHOR"  INN  (10th  S.  i.  504).— 
MR.  PEACOCK  will  pardon  my  ignorance,  but 
i  the  river  Lau  that  passes  through  Scotter 
available  for  any  traffic  that  would  necessi- 


tate occasional  anchorage  1  I  ask  this 
because,  although  he  appears  to  have  the 
true  origin  of  this  sign  in  the  extract  from 
Guillim's  'Display  of  Heraldry,'  I  thought 
it  just  possible  that  it  originated  in  some 
anchorage  in  use  there,  in  which  case  the 
complimentary  sign  of  the  "  Sun  "  would,  as 
in  so  many  other  instances,  have  been  added 
to,  perhaps  by  the  common  one  of  the 
"  Anchor,"  or  vice  versa.  MR.  PEACOCK  is  not 
quite  correct  in  assuming  that  it  possibly 
does  not  exist  elsewhere.  It  certainly  is  rare, 
and  does  not  now  exist  in  London  ;  but  the 
combination  occurs  in  the  Daily  Advertiser. 
of  25  June,  1742,  as  the  sign  of  Thomas 
Madder,  "on  St.  Dunstan's  Hill,  near  Tower 
Street,"  who  desires  information  as  to  who  is 
harbouring  or  sheltering  the  wife  of  Frederick 
Printzler,  of  Shoemaker  Row,  within  Aldgate, 
piecebroker,  and  where  the  husband  "cries 
notchell "  about  any  debts  his  wife  may 
incur.  Printzler's  wife  was,  perhaps,  not 
heard  of  immediately,  as  she  went  away 
with  "  a  bank  note  for  100Z.  and  some  cash 
unknown."  J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

GRAY'S  'ELEGY'  IN  LATIN  (10th  S.  i.  487). 
— In  1s*  S.  i.,  where  many  versions  of  the 
'  Elegy '  are  catalogued,  J.  H.  Macaulay  is 
named  as  the  author  of  that  in  '  Arundines 
Cami '  (101).  Other  lists  are  in  5th  S.  in.,  iv. 

I  have  noted  that  there  are  these  versions  : 

Greek  elegiacs,  by  the  Hon.  G.  Denman, 
12mo,  1871  (see  Athenceum,  28  October,  1871). 

Latin,  1776,  by  the  Rev.  William  Hildgard, 
M.A.,  of  Beverley,  London,  ]2mo,  p.  29,  1838; 
by  J.  Pycroft,  8vo,  Brighton,  1879;  by  the 
Rev.  Robert  B.  Kennard,  M.A.,  St.  John's 
Coll.,  Oxon.,  rector  of  Marnhull,  Dorset, 
sm.  4to,  1891  (Parker). 

Italian,  by  A.  Isola,  8vo,  Camb.,  1782  ;  by 
G.  Torelli,  4to,  Parma,  Bodoni,  1793  ;  Verona, 
1817  ;  and  by  Martin  Sherlock  (1779  ?). 

W.  0.  B. 

Perhaps  it  would  be  advisable  to  note  that 
the  editions  of  '  Arundines  Cami '  vary  most 
materially.  My  copy,  editio  quarta,  1851,. 
ascribes  the  authorship  of  the  translation  in 
Latin  elegiacs  of  Gray's  *  Elegy  '  to  "  Johannes 
Heyrick  Macaulay,  A.M.,  Scholae  Reptonensis 
Archididasculus,  J.H.M."  Perhaps  "Repan- 
dunensis"  might  be  the  better,  as  Repan- 
dunum  is  the  ancient  name  of  Repton. 
Macaulay  died  very  suddenly  at  Repton  in 
1840,  and  to  his  memory  there  is  a  mural 
monument  in  the  chancel  of  the  church. 

I  have  a  version  of  the  same  poem  by 
H.  S.  Dickinson,  whom  I  imagine  to  have 
been  an  assistant  master  at  Repton  School 
about  that  date.  It  is  entitled  :  "  Elegiam  a 


ii.  JULY  so,  low.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


93 


Thoma  Grayip  in  Ccemeterio  Rustico  con- 
scriptaro,  Latine  reddidit  H.  S.  Dickinson, 
A.M.  Ipswich,  R.  Deck,  Printer,  MDCCCXLIX." 
It  is  indeed  a  poem  upon  which  many  scholars 
have  tried  their  hands,  and  with  varying 
success.  JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

In  the  third  edition  of  the  *  Arundines 
Cami,'  1846,  there  is  only  one  contributor  with 
the  initials  J.  H.  M.  This  is  John  Hey  rick 
Macaulay,  and  his  initials  are  at  the  end 
of  the  Latin  translation  of  Gray's  'Elegy.' 
There  are  two  contributors  of  the  name  of 
Merivale  in  this  edition  ;  but  one  is  Charles, 
and  the  other  is  Alexander  Frederic. 

E.  YARDLEY. 

There  is  not  the  slightest  doubt  that  the 
version  in  'Arundines  Garni '  was  by  J.  H. 
Macaulay,  formerly  head  master  of  Repton. 
The  complete  version  disappears  from  the 
fifth  edition  of  the  *  A.  C.,'  one  stanza  only 
being  given  in  two  places,  pp.  184,  202,  and 
three  at  p.  252.  I  see  no  notice  at  10th  S.  i.  59 
of  Prof.  Munrp's  version.  Is  there  in  circu- 
lation a  version  by  Prof.  Sir  R.  C.  Jebbl 
Some  of  my  brother  readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.' 
may  be  able  to  give  information  on  this 
head.  Is  there  a  version  in  any  of  the 
recently  published  collections  of  Oxford  and 
Cambridge  compositions  1  Would  it  be  too 
much  to  ask  the  loan  of  'Musa  Clauda'  from 
any  possessor  ? 

Some  readers  may  be  glad  of  a  reference  to 
Macmillaris  Magazine,  xxxi.  253,  340,  472, 
533,  and  to  'N.'&Q.,'  1st  S.  i.  101,  138,  150, 
221,389;  x.  94. 

With  regard  to  the  various  Latin  versions 

of    the    'Elegy,'    I    venture    to    reproduce,, 

pace  scriptoruiu,   Chesterfield's  remark  that 

'nothing    but    a    bishop    is    improved    by 

translation."  P.  J.  F.  GANTILLON. 

Cheltenham. 

RUNEBERG,  FINNISH  POET  (10th  S.  ii.  9).— 
There  is  a  little  book  called  Johan  Ludvig 
Runeberg's  'Lyrical  Songs,  Idylls,  and 
Epigrams/  the  translation  into  English  by 
Eirikr  Magnusson  and  E.  H.  Palmer,  pub- 
lished in  1878.  So  far  as  I  know,  this  is 
all  of  Runeberg  which  exists  in  English. 
*  Fanrik  Stals  Sagner '  has  been  translated 
more  than  once  into  German;  but  1  have 
never  heard  of  an  English  version. 

JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

STORMING  OF  FORT  MORO  (10th  S.  i.  448, 
514). — 1  am  extremely  obliged  for  W.  S.'s 
reply.  Could  he  tell  me  any  records  of  the 
1st  Royals  and  90th  Regiment,  and  also  the 
names  of  the  first  fifty  men,  led  by  Lieut. 


Forbes  (of  the  1st  Royals),  who  assaulted  the* 
Moro?  These  fifty  men  were  no  doubt  the 
forlorn  hope,  and  I  expect  to  find  Wiggins 
or  O'Higgins  among  them.  Would  the  London. 
Gazette  give  the  names  of  any  one  who 
particularly  distinguished  himself? 

W.  L.  HE  WARD. 

MR.  HEWARD  cannot  do  better  than  con- 
sult Entick's  'General  History  of  the  late 
Wars,  1755  to  1762,  in  Europe,  Asia,  Africa,, 
and  America,'  5  vols.,  and  Fortescue's 
'History  of  the  British  Army.'  This  latter 
contains  a  most  valuable  list  of  authorities 
consulted,  which  should  be  of  the  greatest 
assistance  to  MR.  HEWARD. 

M.  J.  D.  COCKLE, 

Solan,  Punjab. 

"TALENTED"  (10th  S.  ii.  23).— MR.  CURRY'S 
interesting  article  needs  one  more  reference 
to  clinch  the  argument.  Need  I  say  that 
this  is  to  the  'N.E.D.'?  Under  -ed,  suffix  2t 
the  formation  of  similar  adjectives  from 
substantives — a  peculiarity  of  English — is- 
discussed,  and  objections  thereto  parenthe- 
tically dismissed  as  groundless.  If,  in  fact, 
one  adopts  ivooded,  cultured,  bigoted,  and 
the  like,  talented  cannot  be  logically  cold- 
shouldered.  Nor  had  Lady  Holland  adequate 
grounds  for  condemning  influential,  an  astro- 
logical term  dating  from  1570 :  or  gentlemanly, 
which  goes  back  to  1420,  and  was  used  by 
Steele  and  Swift.  The  case  for  gifted  is 
stronger  still ;  for  not  only  is  it  formed 
regularly  from  a  verb  (hence  without  original 
sin),  but  also  is  used  by  Milton  ('Samson 
Agonistes,'  36).  Of  the  other  rival  to  talented* 
to  wit,  the  youthful  and  little-known  geniused* 
it  suffices  to  remark  that  Coleridge  would 
certainly  also  have  "  pm-m-mjected "  to  its 
employment,  had  it  existed  in  1832. 

J.  DORMER. 

Dr.  Johnson,  in  his  life  of  Gray,  has  written 
thus : — 

"  There  has  of  late  arisen  a  practice  of  giving  to 
adjectives  derived  from  substantives  the  termina- 
tion of  participles;  such  as  the  cultured  plain,  the* 
daisied  bank ;  but  I  was  sorry  to  see  in  the  lines, 
of  a  scholar  like  Gray  the  honied  spring." 

Johnson's  own  Dictionary  would  haves 
taught  him  that  Shakspeare  and  Milton  both 
have  used  honied.  Gray,  after  his  fashion, 
was  borrowing  the  phraseology  of  other 
great  poets.  Johnson  was  very  rash  in  his 
remark,  and  I  think  that  eminent  critics  of 
a  later  date  have  been  equally  rash.  Shak- 
speare in  '  King  John '  has  this  line  : — 

A  landless  knight  makes  thee  a  landed  squire. 
Virgil  has  alatus  and  pennatus.    These  seem 
to  be  adjectives  derived  from   substantives 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  JULY  ao,  MM. 


with  the  termination  of  participles,  for  there 
are  no  known  verbs  from  which  the}7  can 
•come.  There  are  many  such  words  in  Latin  ; 
but  it  may  be  said  that  I  am  assuming  too 
much  in  supposing  them  to  have  the  termi- 
nation of  participles.  E.  YARDLEY. 

Without  going  into  the  question  of  the 
proper  or  other  use  of  this  word,  I  may  state, 
with  reference  to  MR.  CURRY'S  quotation  from 
the  Cornhill  Magazine  of  the  two  lines, 

Talk  not  of  genius  baffled,  &c., 
that  a  very  able  friend  of  mine  once  described 
to  me  the  difference  in  meaning  between  the 
words  "genius"  and  "talent"  as  follows: 
"  Genius  is  a  native  (or  inborn)  faculty ; 
talent  is  an  acquired  faculty." 

EDWARD  P.  WOLFERSTAN. 
There  seems  to  me  a  great  deal  of  feeling 
about    the    use  of    particular  words.      For 
example,  I  do  not  object  to  "  talented,"  but  I 
think   "vocable"   a    "vile  and   barbarous" 
word  and  un-English.     I  do  not  think  any- 
thing would  ever  induce  me  to  use  it.    The 
same  with  "  locution."        RALPH  THOMAS. 
30,  Narbonne  Avenue,  S.W. 

REBECCA  OF  'IVANHOE'  (10th  S.  ii.  28).— 
See  7th  S.  v.  457  ;  vi.  16.        JOHN  T.  PAGE. 
West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

MARY  SHAKESPERE  (10th  S.  i.  448).— Whether 
the  Chattocks  can  claim  any  kinship  with 
the  great  dramatist  through  John  (?)  Chat- 
tock,  of  Castle  Bromwich,  having  married 
Anne,  daughter  of  Joseph  Prattenton  and 
Mary  Shakespere  his  wife,  I  cannot  say.  It 
may,  however,  interest  MR.  GUIMARAENS  to 
know,  what  I  have  recently  proved,  that  in 
1704  John  Chattock,  of  Castle  Bromwich, 
married  one  of  Dr.  Johnson's  second  cousins, 
and  had  a  son  Thomas  (?)  Chattock,  who 
married  Anne  Prattenton. 

I  am  preparing  to  print  privately  a  volume 
in  which  will  be  given  a  long  and  elaborate 
account  of  Dr.  Johnson's  maternal  ancestry 
and  connexions,  of  which  practically  nothing 
has  been  known  up  to  now.  The  subject 
will  be  exhaustively  treated  from  a  literary 
as  well  as  a  genealogical  standpoint,  and  I 
feel  convinced  is  of  much  constructive  as 
well  as  destructive  interest.  As  proof  of  the 
necessity  of  some  exact  information  on  the 
subject,  I  need  do  no  more  than  refer  to 
Dr.  Birkbeck  Hill's  weak  and  inaccurate 
foot-notes,  and  to  the  fact  that  even  such  a 
careful  writer  as  the  late  Sir  Leslie  Stephen, 
when  writing  Johnson's  life  for  the  'D.KB  ' 
knew  no  better  than  to  allude  to  "Parson 
-tord  as  the  doctor's  uncle.  Biographers 
and  commentators  have  been  engaged  for 


over  a  century  in  similarly  fumbling  and 
stumbling  in  this  small  department  of 
Johnsonian  history.  The  references  by 
Johnson  himself,  and  by  his  various  bio- 
graphers, to  the  Ford  family  are  so  numerous 
as  to  render  a  critical  examination  of  them, 
in  the  light  of  actual  evidences,  necessarily 
of  interest;  even  if  to  some  it  may  not 
appear  profitable  to  pursue  the  mafeter 
further  and  to  learn  more  of  Johnson's 
kinsfolk,  their  names,  occupations,  and 
circumstances,  than  he  can  possibly  have 
known  himself.  ALEYN  LYELL  READE. 
Park  Corner,  Blundellsands,  near  Liverpool. 

RAMIE  (10th  S.  i.  489  ;  ii.  12).— I  should  like 
to  correspond  with  DR.  FORSHAW,  MR.  WALTER 
KINGSFORD,  and  the  REV.  C.  WARD  about 
ramie.  I  think  it  is  wrong  to  call  it  China 
nettle,  as  it  is  very  liberally  distributed  in 
other  countries.  The  wearer  will  be  the 
gainer  if  his  tailor  gives  him  that  material. 
I  doubt  very  much  if  ramie  would  attain  the 
age  of  a  hundred  years.  It  is  certain  that 
plantations,  if  properly  handled,  will  be  pro- 
fitable for  sixteen  or  eighteen  years  before 
being  replanted.  As  regards  the  prize  offered 
by  the  Government,  what  they  required  was 
an  almost  impossible  machine  ;  if  they 
offered  a  prize  to-day  they  would  find  no 
difficulty  in  obtaining  a  process  to  treat 
ramie.  Ramie  should  be  filassed —  that  is, 
degummed — at  the  place  of  production ;  in 
other  words,  on  the  plantation.  It  is  quite 
a  mistake  to  dry  the  gum  into  the  ribbons, 
and  then  send  them  over  here  for  treatment. 
An  interesting  article  on  ramie  is  being 
published  in  the  British  Trades  Review. 

D.  EDWARDS-RADCLYFFE. 

Ramie  Mills,  Hythe  End,  Wraysbury. 

[MR.  EDWARDS-RADCLYFFE  obliges  us  with  a 
specimen  of  ramie.  ] 

KING  OF  SWEDEN  ON  THE  BALANCE  OF 
POWER  (10th  S.  ii.  8).— This  tract  was  written 
in  French,  and  first  appeared  in  1789  under 
the  title  '  Du  peril  de  la  Balance  politique  de 
1'Europe,  ou  expose  des  motifs  qui  Font 
alteree  dans  le  Nord,  depuis  1'avenement  de 
Catherine  II.  au  trone  de  Russie,'  Londres 
(Paris).  It  was  published  anonymously,  and 
is  ascribed  in  the  *  Biographic  Universelle,' 
and  also  in  the  *  Nouvelle  Biographie  Gene- 
rale,'  to  M.  de  Peysonnel ;  but  Barbier,  'Dic- 
tionnaire  des  Ouvrages  Anonymes,'  gives  it 
as  the  work  of  Mallet  du  Pan.  In  the  English 
translation  Gustavus  III.  is  stated  to  be  the 
author  ;  the  title  of  the  second  edition  of  this 
reads  thus  :  "  The  Danger  of  the  Political 
Balance  of  Europe.  Translated  from  the 
French  of  the  King  of  Sweden.  With  pre- 


ii.  JULY  so,  19W.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


95 


liminary  discourse  and  additional  notes 

by Lord   Mountmorres."     London,    1791. 

This  book  was  also  translated  into  Polish. 
Both  the  original  and  the  translation  may 
be  seen  at  the  British  Museum. 

S.  J.  ALDRICH. 
New  Southgate. 

THE  ST.  HELENA  MEDAL  (10th  S.  ii.  9).— 
This  decoration  was  conferred  by  Napo- 
leon III.  on  the  surviving  members  of  the 
great  Napoleon's  army.  I  have  seen  one  of 
the  medals  and  the  document  issued  with  it 
by  the  French  War  Office  in  either  1853  or 
1854.  If  MR.  J.  WATSON  will  communicate 
with  me,  I  shall  be  happy  to  give  him  the 
name  and  address  of  a  gentleman  whose 
father  received  one  of  the  medals. 

ALFRED  MOLONY. 

12,  Vincent  Square  Mansions,  S.  W. 

SIR  THOMAS  FAIRBANK  (9th  S.  xii.  469).— 
The  names  of  the  various  engineers  who 
built  the  oldest  Hull  docks  (1778  to  1829)  are 
given  in  vol.  i.  of  the  Transactions  of  the 
Institution  of  Civil  Engineers,  but  Sir  Thomas 
Fairbank's  name  is  not  among  them.  Un- 
fortunately, the  paper  does  not  disclose  the 
names  of  the  various  contractors.  It  is  pos- 
sible, however,  that  your  correspondent  meant 
Mr.  Thomas  Firbank,  who  was  chairman  of 
the  Hull  Dock  Company.  A  copy  of  his 
portrait,  painted  in  1864,  is  before  me,  and 
represents  him  in  his  eighty-eighth  year. 
The  original  hangs  in  the  board-room  in  Hull. 
This  clue  may  enable  your  correspondent  to 
pursue  the  search  and  to  clear  up  the  ques- 
tion whether  Sir  Thomas  Fairbauk  had  any- 
thing to  do  with  the  Hull  Docks. 

L.  L.  K. 

TIDES  WELL  AND  TIDESLOW  (9th  S.  xii.  341, 
517  ;  10th  S.  i.  52,  91,  190,  228,  278,  292,  316, 
371,  471  ;  ii.  36,  77).— I  will  not  enter  into 
controversy  with  MR.  ADDY  as  to  whether  u 
should  be  read  u  or  v,  seeing  that  it  is  so  con- 
stantly used  interchangeably.  Take,  for  in- 
stance, the  name  de  Averailles  in  'Testa 
Nevil,'  p.  197 b,  written  Avsylles  in  Kirby's 
•' Quest.';  Auames  in  'Testa,' p.  198b;  Duaylles 
in  '  Hundred  Kolls,'  p.  85;  Davailles  in  'After 
Death  Inquest,'  No.  14,  p.  240.  But  I  desire 
•to  point  out  that  the  town  of  Collompton  has 
nothing  whatever  to  do  with  Columba.  It  is 
a  town  on  the  river  Culm,  anciently  written 
•Colun,  and  takes  its  name  from  the  river. 
It  appears  in  Domesday  as  Colitona.  Several 
other  estates  on  the  Culm  are  named  in 
Domesday  :  Colun,  now  called  Hele  Payne, 
in  Bradninch  ;  Colun,  now  Culm  1'yne,  in 
Clayhidon  ;  Colum,  now  Columb  John,  in 
Broadclist;  Colun,  no\v  Whiteheath  field, 


in  Collompton  ;  Colun  Reigny,  now  Combe 
Satchvil,  in  Silverton.  Collompton  was  em- 
phatically Culintown,  the  town  on  the  Culm. 

MR.  ADDY  will  find  that  what  townsmen 
now  call  a  field  countrymen  usually  call  a 
close,  sometimes  a  meadow,  Devonshire  men 
often  a  park  ;  the  term  "  field  "  being  reserved 
for  the  open  arable  lands,  lying  away  from 
the  village  or  town,  which  have  been  for  the 
most  part  enclosed  in  the  last  two  centuries. 
This  is  at  least  the  use  in  Saxon  England. 
In  Gen.  iv.  8  Cain  says  to  Abel :  "  [Let  us  go 
into  the  field  !]  And  it  came  to  pass,  when 
they  were  in  the  Jield,  that  Cain  rose  up  and 
slew  his  brother."  The  translators  evidently 
so  understood  it. 

The  state  of  things  in  the  Danish  part  of 
England  was  very  different  from  that  in 
Saxon  England.  The  agricultural  system  of 
Derbyshire  is,  therefore,  no  evidence  of  the 
system  in  use  in  Wessex,  Sussex,  and  Essex, 
and  vice  versa.  OSWALD  J.  REICHEL. 

Besides  the  line  quoted  from  the  '  Bridal 
of  Triermain,'  "  Carlisle  tower  and  town,"  we 
have  "Carlisle  fair  and  free"  in  the  same 
poem  ;  also  in  the  refrain  of  Albert  Graeme's 
song  in  the  *  Lay,'  Canto  vi., 

The  sun  shines  fair  on  Carlisle  wall. 
I  think  Scott  uniformly  thus  accents  the 
word,  except  where  the  rhythm  of  his  verse 
demands  the  oxytone  accent,  as  in  "merry 
Carlisle,"  coming  at  the  end  of  the  line.  In 
Cumberland  you  generally  hear  "  Carlisle," 
except  when  Southern  influence  has  been  at 
work.  The  tendency  of  the  district  is  to  lay 
stress  on  the  first  syllable  of  place-names, 
as  '*  Whitehaven,"  "  Bowness,"  <fec.,  when 
the  visitor  generally  says  "Whitehaven," 
"Bowness."  C.  S.  JERRAM. 

THE  VAGHNATCH,  OR  TIGER-CLAW  WEAPON 
(10th  S.  i.  408  ;  ii.  55).— When  Sivaji  treacher- 
ously murdered  the  Mohammedan  general 
Afzul  Khan  at  Partabgarh,  Satara  District, 
Bombay  Presidency,  in  1659,  he  wore  beneath 
his  cotton  tunic  a  coat  of  mail,  and  beneath 
his  turban  a  cap  of  mail.  He  carried  a 
crooked  dagger,  called  a  scorpion,  concealed 
in  his  sleeve,  while  within  his  half-closed 
hand,  and  attached  to  his  fingers,  were  sharp 
hooks  of  steel,  known  by  the  name  of  "  tiger's 
claws."  Afzul  was  in  a  moment  seized  with 
the  claws  and  stabbed  to  the  heart.  The 
wagnuck  is  said  to  have  been  invented  by 
Sivaji.  The  weapon  is  not  a  dagger,  but  is 
concealed  in  the  fist,  the  first  and  fourth 
fingers  being  passed  through  the  rings  at 
the  ends.  One  preserved  in  the  museum  of 
the  E.I.  Company  had  three  claws.  Some 
years  ago,  when  in  Bombay,  I  heard  that 


96 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      cio*  s.  ii.  JULY  30, 100*. 


the  identical  one  used   by  Sivaji  was  to   be 
seen  in  a  well-known  shop  in  the  city.     M. 

ENGLISH  CARDINALS'  HATS  :  THEIR  DESTINY 
(10th  S.  ii.  28). — Some  years  ago,  when  attend- 
ing St.  Mary's,  Moorfields,  for  the  purpose 
of  hearing  Cardinal  Manning  preach,  I 
used  to  gaze  with  a  certain  amount  of 
interest  at  the  great  red  hat  of  Cardinal 
Wiseman.  It  was  suspended  from  the  ceiling 
on  the  left-hand  side  of  the  chancel.  What 
became  of  this  hat  on  the  demolition  of 
St.  Mary's?  Although  doubtless  affected  by 
the  ravages  of  time,  it  had  not  by  any  means 
become,  I  imagine,  of  the  texture  of  dust. 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

Cardinals'  hats,  suspended  between  heaven 
and  earth,  are  common  objects  in  French  and 
Italian  cathedrals.  If  I  remember  rightly, 
they  are  generally  in  the  choir.  I  had  a  near 
view  of  one  at  Bourges  which  had  been  let 
down  for  some  temporary  need.  Dr.  Wood- 
ward says  that,  contrary  to  popular  notions, 
the  hat  is  never  worn  by  a  cardinal  excepting 
on  the  occasion  when  it  is  first  put  on  his 
head  by  the  Pope  : — 

"It  is  only  placed  upon  his  bier  at  his  funeral, 
and  is  afterwards  suspended  to  the  vault  of  the 
chapel  or  church,  above  or  near  the  place  where  his 
body  is  interred.  These  are  the  red  hats  so  often 
seen  dependent  from  the  roof  in  Italian  churches." 
— *  Ecclesiastical  Heraldry,'  pp.  136,  137. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

I  recollect  seeing  Wiseman's  hat  hanging 
up  in  what  was  his  cathedral  church  at 
Moorfields,  and  Manning's  hat  in  what  was 
his  cathedral  church  in  Kensington,  when, 
twenty  years  ago,  I  frequently  preached  and 
said  mass.  Newman's  hat  would  not  neces- 
sarily be  placed  in  a  cathedral  church, 
because  Newman  was  not  a  bishop,  and  had 
no  cathedral.  GEORGE  ANGUS. 

St.  Andrews,  N.B. 

Cardinal  Wiseman's  red  hat  used  to  hang 
at  the  east  end  of  the  north  aisle  of  St.  Mary's, 
Moorfields,  where  I  often  saw  it,  dusty  and 
discoloured.  The  hat  of  Cardinal  Manning 
hangs,  I  believe,  in  the  church  of  Our  Lady 
of  Victories,  Kensington,  which  was  formerly 
the  pro-cathedral  of  the  diocese  of  West- 
minster. The  Moorfields  church  was  at  one 
time  the  premier  church  of  the  London  dis- 
trict. JOHN  HOBSON  MATTHEWS. 

Monmouth. 

When  a  cardinal  dies  in  Rome,  his  remains, 
or  some  portions  thereof,  are  usually  buried 
in  ^  his  titular  church,  if  he  be  a  cardinal 
priest  or  cardinal  deacon,  and  his  hat  is 
suspended  above  the  tomb.  Moroni  ('  Dizio 


uario  Ecclesiastico,'  ix.  174)  gives  an  example 
of  the  observance  of  this  custom  in  the' 
fourteenth  century,  and  another  in  the 
fifteenth.  As  Cardinal  Newman  was  not  a 
bishop,  his  hat  was  certainly  not  hung  in  a 
pro-cathedral.  MR.  BLACK'S  informant  pro- 
bably mentioned  Wiseman,  not  Newman  ; 
but  Cardinal  Wiseman's  pro  -  cathedral, 
St.  Mary's,  Moorfields,  has  been  pulled  down. 
Cardinals  Wiseman,  Newman,  Manning,  and 
Vaughan  were  all  buried  in  cemeteries,  so 
that  it  was  impossible  to  suspend  their  hats- 
above  their  tombs. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

FIRST  OCEAN  NEWSPAPER  (10th  S.  i.  504). — 
The  Atlantic  Cunard  liner  Campania  cer- 
tainly cannot  claim  the  credit  for  producing 
the  first  ocean  newspaper.  Such  publications 
are  by  no  means  new  things.  During  a  trip 
in  the  Arctic  regions  I  enjoyed  twelve  years 
ago,  on  board  the  Wilson  line  steamship 
Albano  (Capt.  A.  Williams  commander),  we 
had  a  capital  and  most  entertaining  little 
newspaper,  edited  and  published  on  board  at 
regular  short  intervals.  A  note  occurring 
in  its  third  appearance  —  dated  Tuesday, 
19  July,  1892— may  be  worth  recording.  It 
reads  : — 

"  This  issue  of  the  Chronicle  is  printed  just  be- 
yond the  North  Cape,  and  is  undoubtedly  the  only 
paper  ever  printed  and  published  at  this,  the  most 
northerly  point  of  Europe.  An  additional  novelty 
is  also  secured  by  the  fact  that  it  is  the  first  maga- 
zine on  record  written  entirely  by  a  typewriter 
(Remington's),  and  duplicated  by  Edison's  Mimeo- 
graph." 

The  Campania's  newspaper  is  quoted  as 
measuring  8  in.  by  5  in.  Those  produced 
upon  the  Albano  were  11  in.  by  Sin.  They 
contained  an  average  of  eight  pages  each, 
filled  by  closely  printed  matter.  Five  issues 
occurred  in  the  three  weeks'  tour,  the  final 
one  being  capitally  illustrated. 

HARRY  HEMS. 

Fair  Park,  Exeter. 

COACHMAN'S  EPITAPH  (9th  S.  xi.  189,  352).— 
When  in  Edinburgh  about  the  middle  of  last 
month,  I  saw  in  the  Canongate  Churchyard, 
near  Burns's  monument  to  the  poet  Fergus- 
son,  a  tombstone  to  the  memory  of  a  member 
of  the  "  Society  of  Coach  drivers,  1765."  The 
stone  has  in  relief  a  four-wheeled  coach  with 
four  horses,  and  the  driver  has  a  long  whip 
which  intersects  the  date,  between  the  figures 
17  and  65.  W.  S. 

WOLVERHAMPTON  PULPIT  (10th  S.  i.  407, 476  ; 
ii.  37). — DR.  C.  F.  FORSHAW  is  unfortunate 
in  quoting  the  *  Beauties  of  England  and 
Wales'  (1823).  As  an  architectural  autho- 


ii.  JULY  so,  1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


97 


city  it  is  worthless.  To  speak  of  "the 
figure  of  a  large  lion  executed  in  a  very 
superior  style,"  that  "  has  guarded  for 
more  than  800  years"  a  pulpit  we  know  to 
have  been  made  in  or  about  A.D.  1480,  is  sheer 
nonsense.  Before  writing  to  '  N.  &  Q.'  DR. 
FORSHAW  should  have  made  himself  master 
of  the  facts.  The  accuracy  of  Miss  Barr 
Brown's  sensational  statement  that  this  pulpit 
"  is  cut  out  of  one  entire  stone,"  made  in 
the  Antiquary  (April,  p.  99),  was  denied  in 
that  publication's  issue  for  June  (p.  192). 
Referring  to  it,  Mr.  John  Addison,  of  Hart's 
Hill  House,  Briefly  Hill,  over  date  of  18  May, 
writes  : — 

"  I  am  familiar  with  St.  Peters  Church,  but 
never  heard  before  that  the  pulpit  was  'out  out  of 
one  entire  stone.'  A  few  days  ago  I  visited  the 
church,  with  some  friends,  for  the  express  purpose 
of  inspecting  the  pulpit ;  but  our  inspection  did  not 
verify  Miss  Barr  Brown's  statement.  The  pulpit  is 
certainly  not  cut  out  of  one  entire  stone.  Ihe  base, 
obviously,  is  made  up  of  two  stones,  and  in  the 
general  structure  the  joints  are  perfectly  well 
marked." 

HARRY  HEMS. 

Fair  Park,  Exeter. 

The  "  Wolverhampton  Guide.  By  the  Rev. 
J.  T.  Jeffcock,  M.A.,  F.S.  A.,  Rector  of  Wolver- 
hampton and  Rural  Dean,  1884,"  states  on 
p.  32  :— 

"  The  pulpit— erroneously  believed,  before  it  was 
scraped  ana  restored,  and  stated  in  Dr.  Oliver's 
history  of  the  church  to  be  cut  out  of  a  xiugle  block 
erf  stone— is  elaborately  and  beautifully  carved,  and 
deserves  careful  and  minute  investigation.  It  is 
allowed  to  be  one  of  the  finest  specimens  of  a  stone 
pulpit  known." 

HENRY  JOHN  BEARDSHAW. 
27,  Northumberland  Road,  Sheffield. 

AINSTY  (10th  S.  ii.  25).— In  that  part  of 
the  'Rotuli  Hundredorum'  which  relates  to 
Yorkshire  the  following  verdict  of  a  jury 
appears  under  the  heading  "  VVappentagium 
•de  Aynesty  ": — 

"Dicunt  quod  dotninus  Willelmus  de  Stotemay 
fecit  purpresturamde  quadam  via  regia  &  obstruxit 
quamdam  placeam  que  vocatur  Aynesty  per  part-em 
•usque  ad  divisam  de  Caupemantorp.  Et  Philippus 
•de  Faukenberg'  &  Gazo  de  Calido  Monte  obstruxe- 
irunt  residuum,  ita  quod  to  tarn  placeam  sibi  &  here- 
dibussuis  modo  appropriaveruntque  antiquitus  fuit 
via  regia  xl  annis  elapsis,  unde  partem  dicte  vie 
terram  arabilem  fecerunt  &  partem  in  boscis  suis 
incluserunt."— Vol.  i.  p.  I'J.'m. 

Here  "  placea  que  vocatur  Aynesty  "  is  said 
anciently  to  have  been  a  king's  highway,  and 
in  a  vocabulary  of  the  fifteenth  century  \\ -t 
have  "platea,  a  hye  wey  "  (Wright-Wiilcker, 
7(J7,  12).  Hence  we  may  conclude  that  the 
wapentake  called  Ainsty  takes  its  name  from 
-a  road  which  passed  through  it,  and  that  the 
*vord  with  which  we  have  to  do  is  A.-S 


'instlg,  O.N.    einstitfi,    Norwegian    einstig,  a 

ingle  or  one-by-one  path,  like  the  Northern 

dialectal  bridle-sty,  a  road  wide  enough  for 

one  horse  or  carriage.    The  breadth  of  such 

a  road,   which   is  usually   sunken,   is  eight 

eet ;  see  my  paper  on  *  Sunken  Lanes,'  9th  S. 

v.  289.     In  '  The  Returns  of  the  Poll  Tax  for 

,he   West  Riding,'   1379,   p.    297,    Ainsty   is 

written  simply  Sty,  to  which  the  editor  has 

prefixed  A  in  in  brackets.          S.  O.  ADDY. 

.Ainsty  is  too  common  a  name  to  be  the 
result  of  one  special  locality  ;  we  have  the 
Dlace-narae  in  Cambridgeshire,  Dorset,  Devon, 
Hants,  Herts,  Leicester,  Wilts,  Warwickshire, 
few  of  which  are  on  the  line  of  Roman  roads  ; 
so  we  need  some  common  object  or  purpose  to 
account  for  its  spread.  I  suggest  a  form  of 
"old  settlement,"  cf.  Hanstie-bury,  Surrey; 
Henstead,  Norfolk  and  Suffolk  ;  Henshaw, 
Northumberland  and  Yorkshire. 

A.  HALL. 

Highbury. 

Curia  Christianitatis,  the  Court  of  Chris- 
tenty,  or  Court  Christian,  was  the  usual 
title  of  the  Bishop's  Court  in  every  diocese. 
Its  abbreviation  could  only  be  '*  Court 
Xtian  "  or  "  Court  of  Xtianity." 

JOHN  HOBSON  MATTHEWS. 

Monmouth. 

"  HANGED,  DRAWN,  AND  QUARTERED  "  (10th 
S.  i.  209,  275,  356,  371,  410,  497).— Evidence 
can  be  produced  that,  whatever  the  order  of 
the  phrase,  the  word  "  drawn  "  refers  to  the 
removal  of  the  entrails.  For  in  the  book 
generally  known  as  Fox's  *  Martyrs,'  ed.  1684, 
that  author  records  that  in  1388  Robert 
Trisilian,  the  justice,  was  "  hanged  and 
drawn  "  (i.  585),  and  that  Damplish  was  "  in 
Calice  cruelly  put  to  death,  being  drawn, 
hanged,  and  quartered,"  1540  (ii.  476),  and 
he  gives  a  picture  of  the  "drawing,"  i.e.,  the 
actual  evisceration.  Moreover,  he  tells  of 
six  men,  in  1540,  who  were  "drawn,"  two 
together,  "upon  a  hurdle"  to  the  place  of 
execution,  and  there  put  to  death,  three  by 
fire,  "the  other  three  by  hanging,  drawing, 
and  quartering  "  (ii.  446).  Stow  also  tells  of 
one  who  in  1583  was  "drawn  from  Newgate 
into  Smithfield,  and  there  hanged,  bowelled 
and  quartered"  (quoted  in  Genealogist,  N.S., 
xiii.  74).  The  drawing  on  a  hurdle  is  in  these 
instances  clearly  separated  from  the  other 
drawing  included  in  the  phrase  "  hanged, 
drawn,  and  quartered."  W.  C.  B. 

When  gathering  materials  for  the  *  History 
of  Blackheath '  1  lighted  on  a  case  which  I 
quote  as  well  as  failing  memory  permits.  It 
may  have  appeared  among  the  foot-notes,  or 


98 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*s.n.  JOLT  30,190*. 


been  omitted  with  about  half  my  accumula- 
tions to  lessen  the  bulk  of  the  volume.  A 
certain  knight,  condemned  for  treason,  was 
hanged  and  cut  down  alive.  He  was  then 
propped  up  in  a  chair  before  a  fire  to  see  his 
entrails  burnt.  The  executioner  scoffingly 
offered  him  something  to  eat.  u  No,  sir,"  he 
said;  "you  have  taken  away  my  appetite 
with  my  bowels."  The  real  story  is  more 
piquant.  Perhaps  a  reader,  coming  across 
it.  will  supply  the  reference. 

H.  H.  DRAKE. 

Leigh  Hunt  in  4  The  Town '  gives  the  follow- 
ing account  of  the  execution  of  Harrison  the 
regicide  : — 

"A  ghastly  story  is  related  of  Harrison,  that  after 
he  was  cut  down  alive,  according  to  his  sentence, 
and  had  his  bowels  removed  and  burnt  before  his 
face  by  the  executioner,  he  rose  up  and  gave  the 
man  a  box  on  the  ear." 

ANDREW  OLIVER. 

BENNETT  FAMILY  OF  LINCOLN  (10th  S.  ii.  9). 
— MR.  H.  R.  LEIGHTON  may  find  some  in- 
formation in  the  l  Pedigree  of  Bennett '  pub- 
lished in  Proceedings  of  the  Somerset  Archaeo- 
logical Society,  vol.  xxxvi.  (1890),  p.  160. 

F.  T.  ELWORTHY. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

A  New  English  Dictionary  on  Historical  Principles. 
Edited  by  Dr.  James  A.  H.  Murray.— Vol.  VIII. 
Reactively—Ree.  By  W.  A.  Craigie,  M.A.  (Ox- 
ford, University  Press.) 

Off  Mr.  Craigie's  new  instalment  of  vol.  viii.  of  the 
great  Dictionary  a  large  percentage  of  the  words 
are,  as  the  reader  will  be  prepared  to  find,  formed 
with  the  prefix  re.  Though  few  in  comparison, 
however,  the  words  of  native  origin  are  of  high 
interest.  On  the  first  page  comes  the  verb  read,  be- 
longing to  the  reduplicating  ablaut-class,  the  original 
senses  of  which  are  said  to  be  those  of  giving  or 
taking  counsel  or  taking  charge  of  a  thing.  Header 
for  a  proof-reader  is  first  encountered  in  1808  in 
Stower's  'Printers'  Grammar,' while  for  the  same 
word  applied  to  a  publisher's  reader  we  have  to 
wait  until  1871  and  the  'American  Encyclopaedia 
of  Printing.'  The  office  of  readers  at  one  or  other 
of  the  Inns  of  Court  is  found  so  early  as  1517  ;  that 
of  reader  of  plays  appears  to  be  unmentioned. 
Under  readiness  we  would  have,  from  'Hamlet,' 
"  The  readiness  is  all."  A  long  and  very  interest- 
ing essay  follows  upon  ready  in  its  various  signifi- 
cations. Ready-money  is  found  so  early  as  1420. 
Reafforest  appears  in  1667-8,  though  in  a  sense 
different  from  that  the  word  now  bears.  Real,  in 
philosophy,  belongs  to  1701,  but  realist,  as  opposed 
to  nominalist  or  idealist,  is  a  few  years  earlier. 
Realm,  in  its  earliest  English  form  reaume,  is  found 
in  the  thirteenth  century.  Among  the  quotations 
supplied  are  Dryden's  "Through  all  the  realms  of 
nonsense  absolute"  and  Pope's  "  The  ants'  republic 
and  the  realm  of  bees."  We  should  like,  in  addition, 
from  the  latter  writer,  "Great  Anna,  whom  three 


realms  obey."  In  its  various  meanings,  ream  seems 
to  be  of  obscure  origin.  In  its  verbal  use,  to  stretch, 
ream  seems,  we  fancy,  to  have  some  connexion  with 
roam.  Reap,  in  verbal  and  substantive  form,  is- 
very  early.  Who  uses  the  phrase  "  the  great 
reaper  Death  "  ?  ^ear=slightly  cooked,  now  applied 
principally  to  underdone  flesh,  was  at  first  used 
only  of  eggs.  Rearmouse=b&t  is  in  early  use» 
Reascend  might  have  a  pregnant  quotation  from 
*  Paradise  Lost ' : — 

For  who  can  yet  believe,  though  after  loss, 
That  all  these  puissant  legions,  whose  exile 
Hath  emptied  Heaven,  can  fail  to  re-ascend, 
Self-raised,  and  repossess  their  native  seat  ? 
A  long  and  edifying  history  of  reason  will  repay- 
close  study.  Rebeccaite  brings  to  the  minds  of  some 
recollections  of  the  riots  against  tollgates  in  1843-4. 
Two  unfamiliar  meanings  are  assigned  rebeck  in 
addition  to  the  musical  instrument  so  named. 
Rebelty  is  a  curious  substitute  for  rebellion.  Rebuff 
is,  of  course,  Miltonic.  The  precise  origin  of  the 
application  of  the  term  rebus  to  the  thing  so  named 
is  doubtful.  Recado=a,  present,  is  said  to  be  of  un- 
certain origin,  but  is  obviously  from  the  Spanish. 
Howell  spells  the  word  recaudo.  Under  recapture 
we  would  fain  have  Browning's  fine  use  of  the  word 
as  a  rime  to  rapture,  not  yet  vulgarized.  The  his- 
tory of  the  development  of  receive  is  seen  to  be 
intricate.  The  earliest  quotation  for  rechauffe  is 
1805,  though  rechaufe,  to  warm  again,  is  three  cen- 
turies earlier.  In  the  quotations  for  rechauffe  the 
sense  is  symbolical.  In  the  title  of  D'Avenant's 
'Siege  of  Rhodes,'  1656,  are  the  words  "Made  a 
Representation  by  the  Art  of  Prospective  in  Scenes, 
and  the  Story  sung  in  Recitative  Musick."  This 
is  an  early,  though  not  the  earliest,  use  of  recitative. 
In  Wolfe's  *  Burial  of  Sir  John  Moore'  is  a  pleasant 
and  familiar  use  of  reck.  In  the  West  Riding  the 
weakest  animal  in  a  litter  is  called  a  grek.  Is  this 
allied  with  reckling,  used  in  the  same  sense  ?  Many 
uses  by  Shakespeare  of  reckoning  are  advanced- 
None  is,  however,  quite  so  good  as  the  Ghost's 
No  reckoning  made,  but  sent  to  my  account. 
Of  to  recreate,  to  create  anew,  Longfellow  supplies 
a  fine  illustration  : — 

The  rest  we  cannot  re-instate, 
Ourselves  we  cannot  re-create. 
This  may  be  useful  for  reinstate.    Recreant  is  not 
found  before  the  middle  of  the  seventeenth  century. 
Recusant  begins,  as  was  to  be  expected,  in  the 
middle  of  the  sixteenth  century.     Among  many 
instances  of  red  given  in  an  admirable  article  might 
be  included 

A  smile  that  glowed 
Celestial  rosy  red,  love's  proper  hue. 
There  are  some  ridiculous  words  with  the  prefix 
re.    These  are  chiefly  of  modern  manufacture.     It 
seems  regrettable,  though  it  is  inevitable,  that  such 
should  obtain  the  species  of  sanction  which  the 
Dictionary  affords. 

The  Defence  of  Poesie.    By  Sir  Philip  Sidney,  Knt. 

(Cambridge,  University  Press.) 
SIDNEY'S  '  Defence  of  Poesie '  constitutes  the  second 
issue  of  the  lovely  series  of  works  in  course  of  •pub- 
lication printed  at  the  Cambridge  University  Press 
with  the  "  new  type."  The  first  volume  consisted  of 
the  '  Microcosm  ographie'  of  John  Earle,  Bishop  of 
Salisbury,  first  issued  in  1628.  Of  this  work  and 
of  the  series  to  which  it  belongs  full  notice  was 
taken  on  the  appearance  of  the  reprint  (see  10th  S. 


io"-s.ii.JiT.v3o,i904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


i.  31S).  Even  more  worthy  of  the  honours  awarded 
it  is  Sidney's  masterly  tractate,  the  most  interesting 
and  valuable  of  those  early  critical  essays  of  which 
a  collection  has  recently  appeared  from  the  sister 
press  of  Oxford.  The  present  edition  is  taken  from 
a  copy,  presumedly  unique,  of  the  edition  entered 
in  the  registers  of  the  Stationers'  Company  29  Nov., 
1594,  to  William  Ponsonby.  The  earliest  edition 
recognized  in  the  'Bibliographer's  Manual'  of 
Lowndes,  in  Mr.  Hazlitt's  '  Bibliography  of  Old 
English  Literature,'  and  in  the  '  Dictionary  of 
National  Biography,'  is  of  1595.  It  were  futile  to 
attempt  any  praise  of  a  work  which,  if  we  make 
allowance  for  a  little  pedantry  characteristic  of  the 
epoch,  has  stood  the  test  of  time,  and  remains  a 
just  and  noble  utterance,  and,  to  some  extent,  a 
counterblast  to  Roger  Ascham  as  well  as  to  Stephen 
Gosson,  whom  it  was  designed  to  answer.  In  our 
own  collecting  days,  before  the  times  of  Arber  and 
suchlike  benefactors,  it  was,  like  the  'Astrophel 
and  Stella'  (which  we  might  commend  for  a  com- 
panion volume),  only  obtainable  in  folio  at  the  close 
of  later  editions  of  the  '  Arcadia,'  and  to  see  it  set 
before  the  modern  bookbuyer  in  so  exquisite  a 
shape  awakens  a  kind  of  reactionary  jealousy.  As 
in  the  case  of  the  '  Microcoamographie,'  225  copies 
only  have  been  printed  for  England  and  America, 
and  the  lype  has  been  distributed.  It  is  a  pleasure 
to  the  bibliophile  to  welcome  this  new  and  honour- 
able step  upon  the  part  of  the  Cambridge  Press, 
and  those  who  possess  a  collection  of  early  master- 
pieces such  as  this  series  is  likely  to  form  will  be 
able,  after  rejoicing  in  a  text  which  it  is  a  delight 
to  contemplate  and  a  luxury  to  read,  to  have  the 
further  gratification  of  watching  the  successive 
volumes  advance  in  value  and  figure  in  lists  of 
desiderata. 

The  History  of  Queen  Elizabeth',  Amy  Robsart,  and 
the  Earl  of  Leicester.  Being  a  Reprint  of  *  Ley- 
cester's  Commonwealth,'  1641.  Edited  by  Frank 
T.  Burgoyne.  (Longmans  &  Co.) 
A  REPRINT  of  *  Leycester's  Commonwealth '  is  a 
welcome  addition  to  our  historical  stores.  Its 
value  as  evidence  is  nil,  and  its  reputed  authorship 
inaccurate.  The  allegations  it  contained  have,  in 
spite  of  the  contradictions  of  Queen  Elizabeth, 
coloured  most  contemporary  and  subsequent  record, 
and  the  chief  claim  to  consideration  of  the  volume 
is  that  it  represents  faithfully  the  sentiment  gener- 
ally entertained  against  this  presumptuous,  arro- 
gant, false-hearted,  and  craven  noble.  First  printed, 
supposedly  at  Antwerp,  in  1584,  with  an  elaborate 
title  beginning  'The  Copie  of  a  Letter  written  by 
a  Master  of  Arte  in  Cambrige  to  his  Friend  in 
London,'  the  work  was  attributed  to  Robert  Par- 
sons, the  well-known  Jesuit.  In  his  '  Royal  and 
Noble  Authors'  Horace  Walpole  says  that  "it  was 
pretended"  that  Lord  Burleigh— who  was,  indeed, 
one  of  Leicester's  numerous  and  powerful  enemies 
— supplied  the  information  on  which  it  is  based. 
These  things  are  more  than  doubtful.  More  than 
anything  else  it  contributed  to  fasten  upon  Leicester 
the  reproach  of  the  murder  of  Amy  Robsart  and 
many  other  crimes,  concerning  his  complicity  in 
which  there  is  no  evidence.  It  depicts  Leicester,  in- 
deed, as  a  monster  of  vice  and  wickedness.  A  French 
translation,  issued  the  following  year,  has  the  title, 

*  Discours  de  la  vie  abominable,  ruses,  trahisons 

desquelles  a  use  et  use  journellement  le  mylord  de 
Lecestre,  machiaveliste,  contre  1'honneur  de  Dieu, 
la  majest6  de  la  reine  d'Angleterre,'  &c.,  copies 


being  in  the  La  Valliereand  MacCarthy  collections  ; 
and  a  later  version,  'Flores  Calvinistici  decerpti 
ex  vita  Roberti  Dudlei,  comitis  Leicestrire,'  was 
published  at  Naples  the  same  year.  Elizabeth 
issued  an  Order  in  Council  forbidding  the  sale  of 
the  English  work.  Mr.  Burgoyne,  the  editor  of  the 
reprint,  who  is  also  librarian  of  the  Lambeth  Public 
Libraries,  says  that  careful  watch  was  kept  at  the 
ports,  and  many  copies  were  destroyed.  As  a  con- 
sequence of  this,  it  was  much  copied,  and  MSS.  are 
more  common  than  the  printed  book.  In  1641  it 
was  reprinted  in  4to  and  8vo,  after  which  time  it 
seems  to  be  a  very  uncommon  book.  It  then  bore 
the  title  of  '  Leycester's  Commonwealth,  whereunto 
is  added  Leicester's  Ghost,'  the  latter  a  poem  with 
separate  pagination.  It  is  from  the  4to  edition  of 
1641  that  the  present  reprint  is  taken.  The  poem,, 
not  forming  an  integral  portion  of  that  edition,  is  not 
now  given.  No  student  of  Tudor  times  can  afford) 
to  neglect  this  curious  and,  in  a  sense,  edifying: 
work.  A  reprint  of  it  in  a  handsome  library  form- 
is  a  boon  to  the  public,  the  original  edition  being 
still  difficult  of  access,  and  one  or  two  early  eigh- 
teenth-century reprints  being,  as  is  ordinarily  the 
case  with  such,  of  small  value. 

The  Scottish  Historical  Review.    July.    (Glasgow 

MacLehose  &  Sons.) 

THE  present  issue  opens  with  an  excellent  paper  on- 
'The  Danish  Ballads,'  by  Prof.  W.  P.  Ker,  in  which 
he  endeavours  to  show  that  the  ballad  literature  of 
Denmark  is  far  more  indebted  to  France,  or  perhaps 
it  would  be  safer  to  say  to  the  Latin  races,  than  to- 
Scotland  or  England.  That  this  is  so  we  see  no- 
reason  to  question  ;  in  fact,  it  would  seem  that  the 
writer  has  well-nigh  demonstrated  the  truth  of  his 
belief;  but  how  this  has  come  to  pass  remains  a 
mystery  that  he  has  left  unsolved.  The  relations 
of  Scandinavia  with  Scotland  must  have  been  far 
more  intimate  in  the  times  when  the  ballads  were 
being  formed  than  they  were  with  France. 

'  The  Lady  Anne  Bothwell '  is  an  account  of  the 
first  wife  of  the  notorious  Earl  of  Bothwell,  contri- 
buted by  the  Rev.  J.  Beveridge.  Bothwell,  when 
in  Denmark,  on  his  way  to  France  on  a  political 
mission,  encountered  the  celebrated  Admiral  Chris- 
topher Throndsson.  He  for  some  reason  or  other 
—we  cannot  suppose  love  had  much  to  do  with  it 
so  far  as  he  was  concerned— married  the  admiral's 
fifth  daughter,  the  Lady  Anne.  We  need  not  say- 
that  he  deserted  her.  The  marriage  was  unques- 
tionably good  in  law,  but  that  did  not  hinder  him 
from  contracting  two  other  unions.  Prof.  Daae 
has,  as  Mr.  Beveridge  informs  us,  suggested  that 
the  beautiful  ballad  known  as  *  Lady  Anne  Both- 
well's  Lament '  relates  to  the  heartless  desertion  of 
this  lady.  This  does  not  appear  to  be  at  all 
improbable.  The  late  Prof.  Aytoun,  in  his  '  Ballads 
of  Scotland,' said  that  it  referred  to  an  intrigue 
between  Anne,  a  daughter  of  Adam  Bothwell, 
Bishop  of  Orkney,  who  performed  the  marriage 
ceremony  between  Queen  Mary  and  the  Earl  of 
Bothwell,  and  one  of  the  Erskines,  a  son  of  the 
Earl  of  Mar.  The  matter  requires  further  sifting  • 
that  the  ballad  is  genuine  does  not  admit  of 
doubt.  When  did  it  make  its  first  appearance  in 
manuscript  or  print  ? 

Miss  Mary  Bateson  contributes  a  paper,  manifest- 
ing great  research,  on  the  mediaeval  stage,  Mr.  A.  H. 
Millar  one  on  the  Scottish  forefathers  of  President 
Roosevelt,  and  Mr.  David  MacRitchie  on  the  Celtic 
trews. 


100 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [10*  s.  n.  JULY  30, 


Yorkshire  Notes  and  Queries.  July.  (Stock.) 
MR  JOSEPH  KENWORTHY  contributes  an  interest- 
ing and  well-illustrated  article  on  the  antiquities  of 
JBolsterstone  and  its  neighbourhood.  He  takes  the 
liberal  and  correct  view  of  antiquity.  We  have  not 
only  an  account  of  the  discovery  of  urns  of  what  is 
usually  considered  the  Celtic  type,  and  of  a  stone 
which  the  writer  thinks  to  have  formed  one  member 
of  a  trilithon,  but  also  of  old  barns  of  sixteenth  or 
seventeenth  century  date,  and  even  of  the  parish 
.stocks  and  whipping-post.  This  is  as  it  should  be. 
Interesting  objects  do  not  interest  merely  on  ac- 
count of  their  age  ;  we  are,  therefore,  always  glad 
to  find  a  record  of  things  whose  uses  have  passed 
.away,  and  have  thus  become  in  the  minds  of 
thoughtful  people  memorials  of  a  state  of  civiliza- 
tion no  longer  ours.  There  are,  we  believe,  old 
people  yet  among  us  who  can  remember  when  the 
whipping-post  and  the  stocks  were  deemed  very 
serviceable  instruments  for  the  reformation  of 
•offenders. 

An  engraving  of  the  Bradford  Horn  is  given.  It, 
we  need  not  say,  cannot  be  compared  with  the 
Tiorn  which  is  the  chief  treasure  of  the  Corporation 
of  Ripon,  but  it  is  an  interesting  relic  of  consider- 
able antiquity,  though  its  age  is  very  uncertain.  It 
-probably  at  one  time  belonged  to  the  Corporation, 
but  is  now  the  property  of  the  Bradford  Philo- 
•sophical  Society. 

A  sketch  of  the  life  of  Mr.  Samuel  Waddington, 
'the  poet,  is  given.  He  was  born  at  Boston  Spa 
on  the  Wharfe  in  1844.  His  ancestors  lived  near 
-the  neighbouring  village  of  Bardsey  during  the 
Commonwealth,  the  place  where  William  Congreve, 
the  dramatist,  was  born.  Some  of  Mr.  Wadding- 
ton's  shorter  poems  are  quoted.  They  are  of  con- 
siderable merit. 

The  Reliquary  and  Illustrated  Archceoloffist.    Edited 

by  J.  Romilly  Allen.  July.  (Bemrose  £  Sons.) 
The  contents  are  of  the  usually  interesting 
character.  The  first  article,  on  '  Ossuaries,'  is  by 
•Gladys  Dickson.  The  ancient  tombs  found  in 
Palestine  are  mostly  artificial  caves  cut  out  of  the 
rocks;  these  tombs  were  adapted  for  a  limited 
number.  Therefore,  when  these  graves  became 
filled  up  they  had  to  be  either  permanently  closed, 
•or  cleared  for  later  interments.  As  the  bones 
were  cleared  from  the  graves  they  were  thrown 
into  small  chambers  or  pits  that  were  specially 
prepared  for  them.  "But  in  the  later  tombs, 
about  200  B.C.  and  onwards,  the  bones  of  each  indi- 
vidual were  collected  into  ossuaries.  These  were 
small  rectangular  cases,  cut  from  soft  limestone,  and 
deposited  in  the  chambers."  The  average  length  of 
an  ossuary  is  from  two  and  a  half  to  three  feet. 
The  article  is  well  illustrated.  Mr.  F.  W.  Galpin 
•gives  some  'Notes  on  a  Roman  Hydraulus,'  or 
water  organ  of  the  ancients.  Owing  to  its  associa- 
tion with  the  gladiatorial  shows  and  pagan  orgies, 
the  instrument  was  proscribed  as  an  element  in 
Christian  worship.  Dr.  Cox  writes  on  '  Pewter 
Plate,'  and  refers  to  the  remarkable  revival  of 
interest  in  old  pewter.  "  A  fashionable  craze  for  its 
collection  has  set  in,  so  that  its  value  has  more  than 
doubled,  and  is  still  rising."  The  article  speaks 
highly  of  two  recent  works  on  pewter  plate  :  Mr. 
Masse's  'Historical  and  Descriptive  Handbook,' 
"  brought  out  in  the  handsome  fashion  characteristic 
of  Messrs.  George  Bell  &  Sons'  publications,"  and 
Mr.  Redman's  "  well-illustrated  handbook,  with 
various  plates  of  pewter  marks."  Among  illustra- 


tions in  the  latter  is  a  photograph  of  two  pewter 
flagons,  in  good  condition,  at  Haworth  Church. 
'•  These  were  used  for  sacramental  purposes  in  the 

days  of  John  Wesley They  are  both  dated  1750," 

and  on  each  a  stanza  has  been  inscribed.  One  bears 
this  inscription : — 

Blest  Jesus,  what  delicious  fare  ! 

How  sweet  thine  entertainments  are  ! 

Never  did  angels  taste  above, 

Redeeming  grace  or  dying  love. 

Mr.  G.  F.  Hill  writes  on  'Medallic  Portraits  of 
Christ  in  the  Fifteenth  Century,'  and  Mr.  G.  Le 
Blanc  Smith  on  '  Three  Pre-Norman  Crosses  in 
Derbyshire.' 

JOHN  LORAINE  HEELIS,  who  died  at  Penzance  on 
Monday,  18  July,  was  a  frequent  contributor  to  our 
columns,  his  last  two  notes. appearing  as  recently 
as  4  June ;  he  was  a  most  charming  letter-writer, 
and  in  all  his  letters  to  us  he  made  constant  refer- 
ence to  subjectsltreated  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  He  was  for  many 
years  a  contributor  to  the  Publishers'  Circular,  and 
had  a  considerable  knowledge  of  French  and  German 
literature.  He  received  his  education  at  the  City 
of  London  School.  On  leaving  he  was  articled  to 
Mr.  Wheeler,  of  Cambridge,  was  for  many  years 
in  the  service  of  the  Longmans,  and  afterwards  in 
the  firm  of  Sampson  Low,  Marston  &  Co.  On  re- 
tiring to  Penzance  he  devoted  himself  to  literature 
and  to  good  work  in  connexion  with  the  public 
library  there.  His  well-stored  memory  made  him  a 
delightful  companion,  and  his  affectionate  disposi- 
tion endeared  him  to  every  one. 


to 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 
put  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
heading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "  Duplicate." 

EVLOSER. — The  reference  on  p.  80  should  have 
been  '  Hamlet,'  Act  I.  sc.  ii. 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN  ("  Scriptures  out  of 
church").— The  line  in  'Don  Juan'  was  quoted  at 
9th  S.  xii.  496. 

ERRATUM. —P.  78,   col.  1,   1.  29  from  foot,  for 
'  Parisian  Letters '  read  Persian  Letters. 
NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries'"— Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Pub- 
lisher"—at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  E.G. 

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io-s.ii.jm.Y3o.i904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

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E    N    E     R    A    L 


INDEX 


NOTES      AND      QUERIES. 

With  Introduction  by  JOSEPH  KNIGHT,  F.8.A. 

This  Index  is  double  the  size  of  previous  ones,  as  it  contains,  in 
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ii.  AUG.  e,  MX*.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


101 


LONDON,  SATL'IWAY,  AUGUST  6,  190k. 


CONTENTS. -No.  32. 
:— De  Quincey's  Kditorship  of  the  'Westmorland 
Gazette '—Dog-names,  101— Cobden  Bibliography,  103  — 
Gipsies  :  Chigunnji— '  Murray's  Handbook  for  Yorkshire,' 
105  —  William  Way  —  •'  Closure -by -compartment"  — 
"  Kaboose "—Epitaph  on  Ann  Davies,  106. 

•QUERIES:— I. H.S.,  106  — Shakespeare  Autograph  —  Eton 
Lists— Italian  Initial  H  — Court  Drew,  107  — Josephus 
Struthius— Polisman  — Old  Bible— Bristol  Slave  Ships- 
Sir  Harry  Vane  —  Gwyneth  —  Bayly  of  Hall  Place  and 
Bideford  —  'Times'  Correspondents  in  Hungary,  108  — 
Philip  Baker— Saucy  English  Poet— "Esquire"  in  Scot- 
land, 109. 

BEPLIES  -.-Peak  and  Pike,  109-Disraeli  on  Gladstone- 
Latin  Quotations,  110— Benbow— County  Tales— "There 
was  a  man,"  111— Desecrated  Fonts,  112 — Whitty  Tree — 
Documents  in  Secret  Drawers — Pigott  Family — Beating 
the  Bounds,  113— 'Die  and  be  Damned,'  114— Bunney— 
Winchester  College  Visitation,  115— Trooping  the  Colours, 
116— Butcher  Hall  Street—'  Road  Scraping*  '—St.  Ninian's 
•Church,  117— Milton's  Sonnet  xii.— St.  Patrick  at  Orvieto 
—Publishers'  Catalogues— Fair  Maid  of  Kent— Black  Dog 
Alley.  Westminster,,!  18. 

.NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :-' Lean's  Collectanea '- Corbett's 
'England  in  the  Mediterranean'  — Crashaw's  Poems  — 
Bell's  "  York  Library  "— '  Anti-Jacobin  '  Poetry. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


Stoics. 

DE  QUINCEY'S  EDITORSHIP   OF   THE 
4 WESTMORLAND  GAZETTE.' 

PROF.  MASSON,  H.  A.  Page,  the  'Diet. 
Nat.  Biog.'  (Leslie  Stephen),  and  'The  Ency. 
Brit.'  (J.  R.  Findlay)  have  each  fallen  into 
error  in  regard  to  the  above.  De  Quincey 
became  editor  of  that  journal  on  11  July, 
1818,  not  "  in  the  summer  of  1819."  He  took 
up  residence  at  Dove  Cottage  in  November, 
1809  (his  tenancy  dating  from  the  previous 
May  Day),  therefore  he  nad  not  "  ultimately 

settled  in  1812 on  the  borders  of  Gras- 

mere."  It  was  from  this  cottage,  at  a  distance 
-of  seventeen  miles,  that  he  edited  his  paper 
(a  fact  which  largely  contributed  to  his  non- 
success  and  ultimate  resignation).  Once, 
when  his  presence  at  the  office  was  urgently 
needed,  a  heavy  fall  of  snow  prevented  him 
from  getting  there  to  time.  On  another 
occasion  he  inadvertently  missed  the  post  with 
'his  MS.  Thus  he  was  not  "  living,  it  seems, 
chiefly  in  Kendal  at  the  time."  He  never 
"  lived "  there.  As  to  his  politics,  in  the 
party  sense  of  the  term,  whatever  they  may 
have  been  in  later  life,  they  were  during  his 
residence  in  Lakeland  those  of  a  high  Tory. 
In  his  first  leader  he  endeavoured  to  show 
how  that  Brougham— who,  having  ventured 


to  contest  the  Parliamentary  seat  of  the 
Lowthers,  held  by  them  unopposed  for  thirty 
years,  had  been  defeated  by  2,369  out  of  3,258 
votes  polled— would  have  received  a  still 
greater  downfall  had  he  not  withdrawn  from 
the  contest  before  the  allotted  time  for  the 
closing  of  the  poll.  So  strong,  indeed,  was 
De  Quincey's  feeling  against  Brougham  and 
his  Whig  friends  that  the  proprietors  of  the 
Gazette — staunch  Tories — ultimately  desired 
their  editor  to  modify  the  extreme  manner 
in  which  the  vehemence  of  his  party  spirit 
was  expressed.  He  was  a  confessed  enemy 
to  Bonaparte  and  Owen,  and  opposed  to 
Catholic  Emancipation  ;  hence  was  not 
"  classed  as  a  Liberal  -  Conservative  ";  and 
what  he  "would  have  been"  is  irrelevant. 
It  is  a  fact  that  he  was  not  "always  as  far 
removed  from  Radicalism  as  from  Toryism." 
De  Quincey  tendered  his  resignation  in  1819, 
his  last  "Editorial  Note"  appearing  in  the 
issue  of  27  November,  and  his  work  did  not 
"  come  to  an  end  some  time  in  1820."  Above 
all,  he  did  not  "  abandon  it  as  insufficiently 
remunerative,"  or  for  any  such  reason.  It  is 
true  that  "  he  continued  to  edit  the  paper  for 
the  greater  part  of  a  year."  It  would  be  more 
accurate  to  say  that  he  did  so  for  the  greater 
partof  a  year  and  a  half.  He  did  not  "reside  till 
the  end  of  1820  at  Grasmere,"  but  left  in  the 
early  part  of  that  year.  And  Dove  Cottage 
was  not  "afterwards  occupied  by  Hartley 
Coleridge,"  nor  at  any  time,  save  as  Words- 
worth's and  De  Quincey's  guest.  The  younger 
poet  spent  the  last  ten  years  of  his  life  at 
Nab  Cottage,  whence  De  Quincey  wooed  and 
won  his  bride,  Mary  Simpson,  in  1816.  These 
corrections  are  on  the  authority  of  the  present 
proprietor-editor  of  the  Gazette. 

W.  BAILEY-KEMPLING. 


DOG-NAMES. 

SOMEWHERE  about  sixteen  years  ago  we 
published  in  your  pages  (7th  S.  vi.  144)  a  list 
of  dog-names ;  since  then  we  have  gathered 
others  which  we  send  as  an  addition  thereto. 
The  names  of  the  dogs  given  in  *  The  Gentle- 
man's Recreation,'  fifth  ed.,  1706— there  are 
ninety-nine  of  them — were  published  in  the 
same  volume,  p.  269,  by  another  contributor, 
who  arranged  them  in  alphabetical  order. 
It  has  not  been  considered  necessary  to 
reproduce  any  of  these  except  when  they 
occur  elsewhere.  The  dogs  mentioned  in  the 
writings  of  Sir  Walter  Scott  are  also  given 
on  p.  462.  Classical  and  Oriental  names  we 
have  disregarded,  at  least  for  the  present, 
but  it  may  be  well  to  remind  our  readers 
interested  in  the  subject  that  several  dog- 


102 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  u.  AUG.  e,  wo*. 


names,  Greek  and  Teutonic,  may  be  found  in 
Mr.  J.  S.  Stallybrass's  translation  of  Grimm's 
4  Teutonic  Mythology,'  vol.  iv.  p.  1282.  A 
few  Oriental  names  of  dogs  occur  in  Sou  they' 

*  Common-Place  Book,'  vol.  i.  p.  417. 

Apache. — Dog    of    Carl    Lumholtz.     *  Un- 
known Mexico,'  i.  38. 
Barri.— Dog  of  Mount  St. Bernard.  Rogers, 

*  Italy,' ed.  1839,  p.  17. 

Batty. — Introduction  to  Christie's  Will  in 

*  Border  Minstrelsy/  Henderson's  ed.,  iv.  63. 

Beauty.— Dryden,  '  Wild  Gallant/  III.  i. 
Blanch.—'  King  Lear,'  III.  vi. 
Block. — Jonson,  *  Staple  of  News,'  referred 
to  in  Southey's  'Common-Place  Book,'  iii.  234. 
Bloodylass. — Scott's  '  Auchindrane ' : — 

I  must  chain  up  the  dogs  too  ; 
Nimrod  and  Bloodylass  are  cross  at  strangers, 
But  gentle  when  you  know  them.— I.  1. 

Not  in  the  list  referred  to  above. 

Bowman.— '  First  Ode  of  First  Book  of 
Horace  Imitated  '  (1771),  17. 

Brount. — The  big  mastiff  of  Robespierre. 
Chambers,  '  Book  of  Days,'  ii.  134. 

Bruin.— Charles  Bradlaugh's  dog.  'Life,' 
by  his  daughter,  i.  108. 

Caesar.— Burns,  *  Twa  Dogs.' 

Cavil.— Hunting  song,  temp.  Charles  II., 
in  Ebsworth's  ed.  of  '  Merry  Drollery,'  39. 

Crab.— 'Two  Gent,  of  Verona,'  II.  iii. 

Cricket.—'  Mem.  of  Verney  Family/  i.  185. 

Daddy.— Ibid. 

Daphne.— MS. note  in  Markham's  'Hunger's 
Prevention,'  34. 

Dash.— Southey,  '  Common  -  Place  Book/ 
iv.  413. 

Don.  —  Sporting  Mag.*  xvi.  285. —  Lord 
Tennyson's  dog.  Wilfrid  Ward,  '  Problems 
and  Persons/  199. 

Double-ugly, — An  epithet  used  in  Leicester- 
shire as  a  dog's  name,  specially  one  of  the 
brindled  bulldog  breed.—'  Eng.  Dialect  Diet.,' 
sub  voc. 

Duke.— Lord  Tennyson's  dog.  Wilfrid 
Ward,  '  Problems  and  Persons/  199. 

Dyer. — Hunting  song,  temp.  Charles  II.,  in 
Ebsworth's  ed.  of  '  Merry  Drollery,'  39. 

Fanatic. — Southey  tells  a  story  of  how  a 
Provost  of  Aberdeen  was  hanged  by  a  mob 
for  calling  one  of  his  dogs  Fanatic  and  the 
other  Presbyterian. — '  Common-Place  Book/ 
iii.  317. 

Fillida. — MS.  note  in  Markham's  '  Hunger's 
Prevention/  34. 

Fleury. — 'Verney  Memoirs,'  iv.  75. 

Flush. — Mrs.  Browning's  dog  before  her 
marriage.  Athenaeum,  18  Feb.,  1899,  p.  201. 

Gager.— Red  greyhound  of  Sir  Ipomydon. 
Geo.  Ellis, '  Metrical  Romances/  515. 

Gamboy.  — '  Verney  Memoirs/  iv.  75. 


Giallo.— Dog  of  Walter  Savage  Landor. 
'  Life  of  Frances  Power  Cobbe/  ii.  20. 

Gilmyn.— Black  greyhound  of  Sir  Ipomy- 
don. Geo.  Ellis,  '  Metrical  Romances,'  516. 

Gobble.— J.  R.  Lowell's  dog.  'Letters/ 
ii.  462,  465,  470. 

Gusquin.— Hunting  song,  temp.  Charles  II., 
in  Ebsworth's  ed.  of  *  Merry  Drollery,'  39. 

Hankin.— '  Paston  Letters/  iii.  115. 

Hekla.— Dog  of  Cardinal  Wiseman.  Wil- 
frid Ward,  'Life  of  Cardinal  Wiseman/  ii. 
174. 

Hey.— Horace  Marryat,  '  Year  in  Sweden/ 
i.  59. 

Holdfast.— 'Henry  V./  II.  iii. 

Ingeborg.  —  Horace  Marryat,  '  Year  in 
Sweden/  i.  59. 

Juva.— Dog  of  Robert  Pollok,  author  of 
'The  Course  of  Time.'  'Life/  by  David 
Pollok,  32. 

Karenina.— Lord  Tennyson's  dog.  Wilfrid 
Ward,  '  Problems  and  Persons/  199. 

Keeper.— A  dog  in  Day's  'Sandford  and 
Merton.' 

Khaki. — The  bitch  of  a  Lincolnshire  publi- 
can which  was  pupped  about  the  time  of  the 
beginning  of  the  South  African  war.  She 
was  called  Khaki  in  allusion  to  the  soldiers* 
dress,  because  she  had  spots  on  her  resembling 
it  in  colour. 

Koras.— Horace  Marry  at,  '  Year  in  Sweden/ 
i.  59. 

Lollard.  —  Jonson,  'Staple  of  News/' 
Southey,  '  Common-Place  Book/  iii.  234. 

Lovel.—  Ibid.,  i.  469. 

Lufra.— Scott,  'Lady  of  the  Lake/  v.  25j 
—Lord  Tennyson's  dog.  Wilfrid  Ward,. 
'Problems  and  Persons/  199. 

Lustic.— Horace  Marry  at,  'Year  in  Sweden," 
i.  59. 

Machaon.— Rogers,  'Jacqueline/  ii.  25. 

Madge.— Dryden,    'Sir    Martin    Mar -all, 
iii.  1. 

Marmion.— Dog  that  belonged  in  1811  to- 
the  father  of  Mary  Russell  Mitford.  'Life 
of  M.  R.  Mitford/  by  A.  G.  L'Estrange,  i.  140.. 

Mary-gold.—'  Verney  Memoirs/  iv.  76. 

Minna. — Dog  of  Cardinal  Wiseman.  Wil- 
frid Ward,  '  Life  of  Card.  Wiseman/  i.  120 

Moholoff.— Dog  of  Due  d'Enghien.  'N.  &  Q./ 
9th  S.  xii.  28. 

Mopsey.—' Verney  Memoirs/  iv.  76. 

Nettop.  —  Sir  C.  H.  J.  Anderson,  'The- 
Swedish  Brothers/  3. 

Nimrod.— Scott,  '  Auchindrane/  i.  1.  Nob 
in  list  referred  to  above. 

Orelio.— Southey,  'Roderick  the  Last  of 
;he  Goths/  xxi. 

Panks.— Lowell's  dog.  'Letters  of  J.  R^ 
Lowell/  ii.  462,  465. 


ii.  AUG.  6.19M.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


103 


Pero.— "Get  Ponto  and  Pero  and  all  the 
dogs  fed."  Sporting  Magazine,  xxxvii.  311. 
A  common  name  in  Wales.  Castilian  for  dog. 
•N.  &Q.,'9thS.  x.  174. 

Pharaoh. — Boarhound  of  the  kite  Marquis 
of  Salisbury,  so  called  "  because  he  will  not 
let  the  people  go."  Yorkshire  Post,  24  Aug., 

1903,  p.  6,  col.  5. 

Pirn.— Hunting  song,  temp.  Charles  II.,  in 
Ebsworth's  edition  of  '  Merry  Drollery,'  39. 

Pincher.— Southey,  '  Omniana,'  i.  40. 

Pombal.— Dog  of  John  Mason  Neale,  Warden 
of  Sackville  College.  St.  Margaret's  Magazine, 
Jan.,  1903,  228. 

Pomero.— W.  S.  Lander's  dog.  '  Lett,  of 
James  Russell  Lowell,'  ii.  361. 

Pottle.— Hunting  song,  temp.  Charles  II., 
in  Ebsworth's  '  Merry  Drollery,'  39. 

Presbyterian.— See  'Fanatic.' 

Qum  wer.— "A black  spotted  bitch."  Southey, 
*  Common-Place  Book,'  iii.  504. 

Rainsbolt.— Hunting  song,  temp.  Charles  II., 
in  Ebsworth's  ed.  of  'Merry  Drollery,'  39. 

Riquet.  —  "That  sweetest  of  dogs  of 
romance,  Riquet."  Athenaeum,  2  March,  1901, 
270. 

Ratton.  —  Dog  of  Madame  du  Deffand, 
which  Horace  Walpole  took  care  of  after 
Madame's  death.  Edinburgh  Revieiv.  April, 

1904,  45G. 

Ray  nail.— Dog  of  Prince  Rupert  after  the 
Restoration.  He  writes  to  Legge:  "Poor 
Raynall  at  this  instant  is  dying,  after  having 
been  the  cause  of  the  death  of  many  a  stagge. 
By  heaven,  I  would  rather  lose  the  best 
horse  in  my  stable."  Eva  Scott,  'Rupert, 
Prince  Palatine/  300. 

Res  to. — Sporting  Magazine,  xvi.  285. 

Ryno.— Scott,  '  Lord' of  the  Isles,'  v.  22. 

Sancho.— T.  Park  :— 

Till  keen-nosed  Sancho,  ranging  by, 
Stands  and  fortells  a  partridge  nigh. 

4  Sonnets,' 1707,  72. 
Sporting  Magazine,  xvi.  285. 

Satan.— A  dog  the  property  of  Mr.  Wedge, 
of  Chertsey,  1814.  Sporting  Magazine,  xliv.  50. 

Sheepheard.  —  *  Memoirs  of  the  Verney 
Family,'  i.  185. 

Snooks. — The  name  of  a  dog  which  more 
than  half  a  century  ago  a  Lincolnshire 
clergyman  had  received  as  a  present  from 
a  Cambridge  friend,  whose  surname  was 
Snooks. 

Soot.— Hunting  song,  temp.  Charles  II.,  in 
Ebsworth's  ed.  of  *  Merry  Drollery,'  39. 

Souillard.— "A  white  dog,  Souillard,  was 
given  as  a  great  present  to  Louis  XI." 
Kenelm  Henry  Digby,  'Orlandus,'  1829,  311. 

Spendall. — Hunting  song,  temp.  Charles  II., 
in  Ebsworth's  ed.  of  '  Merry  Drollery,'  39. 


Sug.— Ibid. 

S  wagger. — Ibid. 

Swag-pot. — Ibid. 

Sweet-heart.— 'King  Lear,'  III.  vi. 

Swilback.— Hunting  song,  temp.  Charles  II., 
in  Ebsworth's  ed.  of  '  Merry  Drollery,'  39. 

Tiny.— Dog  of  Cardinal  Wiseman.  Wil- 
frid Ward,  '  Life  of  Wiseman,'  ii.  174. 

Toby.— Southey,  '  Common  -  Place  Book/ 
ii.  111.  Quoting  Wesley's  'Journal.' 

Tory.— "In  a  play  of  Mrs.  Behn's  we  find 
a  Whig  knight  calling  his  house-dog  Tory." 
Sporting  Mag.,  xxiii.  271. 

Toss.— Hunting  song,  temp.  Charles  II.,  ia 
Ebsworth's  ed.  of  'Merry  Drollery,'  39. 

Tracy.— Herrick's  dog.  Fortnightly  Re- 
vieiv,  December,  1903,  985. 

Vaunter.—' Verney  Memoirs.'  iv.  114. 

Venus.— Dryden,  'Wild  Gallant.'  iii.  1. 

Youland. — Hunting  song,  temp.  Charles  II.r 
in  Ebsworth's  '  Merry  Drollery,'  39. 

N.  M.  &  A. 

[My  dogs  must  look  their  names  too,  and  all  Spartan, 
Lelaps,  Melampus  ;  no  more  Fox  and  Baudiface. 
Fletcher,  •  The  Wildgoose  Chase,'  I.  iii.l 


COBDEN  BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

(See  10^  S.  i.  481;  ii.  3,62.) 

IV. 

COMMENT  AND  CRITICISM. 
(Arranged  chronologically.) 

1836. 

Analysis  of  Mr.  Cobden'a  'Cure  for  the  Russo- 
phobia.'  [London,  J.  Ridgway  &  Sons,  1836.11 
8vo.  8028.  e.  36.  (1.) 

1837. 

Russia.    In  answer  to  a  Manchester  Manufacturer. 
London,  1837.    8vo.    8026.  g.  33.  (1.) 
1843. 

Isaac  Maydwell's  Analysis  of  Cobden's  Addresses, 
with  remarks  on  Mr.  [R.  H.]  Greg's  speech  at 
the  Great  League  Meeting  at  Manchester.  Lon- 
don, 1843.    8vo.    1391.  g.  47. 
1844. 

On  Patriotism.  A  Letter  to  Richard  Cobden, 
Esquire,  M.P.,  and  John  Bright,  Esquire,  M.P.r 
or,  a  friendly  remonstrance  with  them,  on  what 
may  be  truly  called  their  incessant  persecution 
of  the  prime  minister ;  another  to  tne  Marquis 
of  Westminster,  Earl  Fitzwilliam,  &c.  By  Civis. 
Manchester,  Joseph  Pratt,  Printer,  23,  Bridge 
Street,  1844.  8vo,  pp.  50.— The  letter  concludes 
as  follows :  "  Your  most  obdt.  hble.  servt., 
John  Bridge,  Crescent,  Salford,  April,  1844." 

A  Letter  from  a  Crow  to  Mr.  Cobden.    Trans- 
lated from  the  original  by  a  Northamptonshire 
Squire.    London,  1844.    4to.    1391.  g.  31. 
1845. 

Bastiat  (Fr£de"ric).    Cobden  et  la  Ligue,  ou  1'agita- 
tion  anglaise  pour  la  liberte"  du  commerce,  &c. 
Paris,  Senlis  [printed],  1845.    8vo.    1391.  g.  14, 
1846. 

Maitre  (C.).  Richard  Cobden,  ou  1'Esprit  Anglais- 
centre  1'Esprit  Francais  a  propos  de  la  Liberte 


104 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  11.  AUG.  e,  MM. 


des  Echanges.     Paris,   1846.     16mo.     1391.  a. 

OS     If)  \ 

-Gamier  (C.  J. ).   Richard  Cobden,  les  Ligueurs,  et  la 
Ligue :  precis  de  1'histoire  de  la  dermere  revo- 
lution Sconomique  et  financiere  en  Angleterre. 
Paris,  1846.    12mo.    1391.  a.  32. 
1847. 

Discorso  Economico  sulla  Maremma  Sanese  dell 
Arcidiacono  Sallustio  Antonio  Bandini.  Nuova 
Edizione.  Dedicata  al  Celebre  Riccardo  Cobden. 
Eiveduta  sul  MS.  Autografo.  Siena,  Tipogra- 
phia  dell'  Ancora,  1847- 

Letter  to  Richard  Cobden  on  the  Scotch  Law 

of  Entail.    By  a  Scotch  Landlord.    Inverness, 
1847.    8vo.    6583.  b. 

1848. 

Ellis  W.  A  Few  Questions  on  Secular  Education 
—What  it  is,  and  what  it  ought  to  be;  with 
an  attempt  to  answer  them.  Preceded  by  an 
Appeal  to  Richard  Cobden,  Esq.,  and  the  mem- 
bers of  the  late  Anti-Corn  Law  League.  By  the 
Author  of  *  The  Outlines  of  Social  Economy ' 
[W.  Ellis].  London,  1848.  8vo.  8305.  e.  82. 

1849. 

Phipps  (E.).  A  few  words  on  the  three  amateur 
budgets  of  Cobden,  MacGregor,  and  Wason. 
London,  1849.  8vo,  pp.  24.  M.F.L. 

Holdfast  (Harry),  pseud.  A  short  letter  to  Mr. 
Cobden  in  reply  to  his  long  speech  at  Man- 
chester from  his  quondam  admirer,  Harry 
Holdfast.  London,  1849.  8vo.  8138.  d. 

John  Bull  and  his  Wonderful  Lamp.  A  new  Read- 
ing of  an  old  Tale.  By  Homunculus.  With  six 
[coloured]  illustrations  designed  by  the  author. 
London,  1849.  4to.  M.F.L.  — A  Protectionist 
version  of  the  story  of  Aladdin,  in  which  "C6- 
Ab-Deen  the  Cotton  Spinner,  or  Co-Abdin," 
plays  the  part  of  the  evil  magician. 
1850. 

Day  (G.  G.).  Cobden's  Contradictions.  Extracted 
from  Mr.  G.  G.  Day's  Letter  to  the  Morning 
Herald  of  March  27,  1850.  [London,  1850.] 
S.sh.  fol.  806.  k.  15.  (27.) 

1852. 

.Somerville  (Alexander).  The  Whistler  at  the 
Plough  and  Free  Trade.  By  Alexander  Somer- 
ville, one  who  has  whistled  at  the  Plough. 
Manchester,  1852.  8vo. 

An  Address  to  Messrs.  Cobden  and  Bright,  showing 
their  total  unfitness  under  a  monarchy,  for 
members  of  Parliament,  and  that  they  are,  and 
have  long  been,  the  greatest  banes  and  plagues 
of  Society.  By  John  Bridge.  Manchester, 
Joseph  Binns  Normanton,  1852.  8vo,  pp.  7. — 
The  first  page  of  the  letter  is  printed  as  follows : 
"  Mr.  Bridge's  Letter.  (This  Letter  was  origin- 
ally written  to  the  Editor  of  the  Manchester 
Courier.)  Hulme  Place,  Salford,  June  18, 1852." 

1853. 

Richards  (A.  B.).  Cobden  and  his  pamphlet  [1793 
and  1853]  considered,  in  a  letter  to  Richard 
Cobden,  &c.  1853.  8vo.  8138.  df. 

Marsham  (J.  C.).  How  Wars  arise  in  India.  Ob- 
servations on  Mr.  Cobden's  Pamphlet  entitled 
*  The  Origin  of  the  Burmese  War.'  London, 
1853.  8vo.  8022.  d. 

A  letter  to  Richard  Cobden  in  reply  to  *  1793 

and  1853.'  By  a  Manchester  Man.  Man- 
chester, 1853.  Svo.  8138.  f. 


1854. 

Cobdenic  Policy  the  Internal  Enemy  of  England. 
The  Peace  Society,  its  combativeness,  Mr.  Cob- 
den, his  secretiveness.  Also  a  narrative  of 
historical  incidents.  By  Alexander  Somerville 
("  One  who  has  whistled  at  the  Plough  ").  Lon- 
don, 1854.  Svo,  pp.  104.  M.F.L.— Somerville 
announced  as  in  preparation  'Cobden's  His- 
torical Errors  and  Prophetic  Blunders,' but  this 
did  not  appear. 

The  Slanderer  Exposed.  A  rejected  letter  of  re- 
monstrance to  the  Manchester  Courier  on  its 
attempt  to  damage  the  Conservatives  by  har- 
bouring a  renegade  from  the  Anti-Corn  Law 
League  ;  or  a  few  words  on  Somerville  and  his 
*  Cobdenic  Policy.'  By  G.  F.  Maudley.  Man- 
chester, Cave  &  Sever,  1854.  Svo,  pp.  14. 

1857. 

Lammer  Moor,  pseud.  Bowring,  Cobden,  and  China, 
&c.    A  Memoir  by  Lammer  Moor.    Edinburgh, 
J.  Menzies,  1857.    Svo.    8022.  d. 
1859. 

Mr.  John  Bright's  Speech  in  support  of  Richard 
Cobden,  Esq.  Wrigley  &  Son,  Printers  by 
"  Steam  Power,"  Rochdale.  Four  columns  on 
demy  folio  fly-sheet. — This  is  preserved  in  the 
Election  Scrap-book  in  the  Rochdale  Free 
Library. 

1861. 

Free  Trade  in  Gold,  being  a  reply  to  the  Cobden- 
Chevalier  treatise  "  on  the  probable  decline  in 
the  value  of  gold,"  also  an  exposition  of  the 
French  schemes  on  the  currency  now  maturing. 
London,  1861.  12mo.  8223.  a.  49. 

1862. 

Reybaud  (M.  K.  L.).     Economistes  modernes 

Richard  Cobden,  M.  F.  Bastiat,  M.  M.  Chevalier, 
M.  J.  S.  Mill,  M.  L.  Faucher,  M.  P.  Rossi,  &c. 
Paris,  1862.  Svo.  8206.  f.  17. 

Fletcher  (Grenville),  Parliamentary  Portraits  of  the 
Present  Period.  Third  Series.  London,  James 
Ridgway,  1862.  Svo. —Includes  sketch  of  Cob- 
den. 

Pro  tin  (P.  O.).      Les  Economistes  Appr§cies,  ou 

N6cessit4  de  la  Protection Cobden,  Michel 

Chevalier,  Carey,  Du  Mesnil,  Marigny,  &c. 
2  pt.  Paris,  1862-3.  12mo,  pp.  270.  8206.  aaa. 
31.  M.F.L. 

Denman  (Hon.  J.).  The  pressing  necessity  for  in- 
creased docks  and  basins  at  Portsmouth,  with 
some  observations  on  Mr.  Cobden's  *  Three 
Panics,'  &c.  1862.  Svo. — Another  edition  in 
1863.  8806.  c. 

Urquhart  (D.).  Answer  to  Mr.  Cobden  on  the 
assimilation  of  war  and  peace  [as  proposed  by 
Mr.  Cobden  in  a  letter  to  the  Manchester  Cham- 
ber of  Commerce].  Also  analysis  of  the  corre- 
spondence [of  the  English  Government]  with 
the  United  States  [May,  June,  1861],  showing 
the  Declaration  of  Paris  to  have  been  violated 
by  England  and  France.  Pp.  64.  London, 
Itardwick,  1862.  Svo.  1250.  c.  38.  (7.) 

"  The  Three  Panics  "  dispelled.  A  reply  to  the 

historical  episode  of  Richard  Cobden.  Reprinted 

from  Colburris   United   Service  Magazine. 

London,  1862.    Svo.    8138.  b. 
1863. 

Simonson  (F.).  Richard  Cobden  und  die  anti- 
kornzolliga,  sowie  ihre  Bedeutung  fur  die 
wirthschaftlichen  Verhaltnisse  des  Deutschen 


10*  s.  IL  AUG.  6, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


105 


Reiches.  Berlin,  1863.  8vo,  pp.  64.  8229.  de. 
32.  (11.) 

Richard  Cobden,  Roi  des  Beiges.  [Being  a  reply 
to  Richard  Cobden's  letter  to  UEconomiste 
Beige  on  the  fortifications  of  Antwerp.]  Par 
un  ex-Colonel  de  la  Garde  Civique.  Dedie"  aux 
blesst'-s  de  Septembre.  Deuxieme  Edition.  Lon- 
don, 1863.  8vo.— This  was  written  by  Sylvain 
van  der  Weyer,  and  is  included  in  his  '  Choix 
d'Opuscules,'  edited  by  Octave  Delepierre,  and 
published  at  London  in  1863. 

Blackman,  E.  L.  Our  Relations  with  America.  A 

reply  to  the  arguments  of  Mr.  Cobden as  to 

the  supply  of  ammunition  of  war  to  the  belli- 
gerents. Manchester,  [1863].  8vo.  8175.  e.  1.  (1.) 

1864. 

The  Land  and  the  Agricultural  Population.  [Being 
letters  of  A.  H.  Hall,  W.  T.  White,  and  others 
in  reply  to  two  speeches  delivered  at  Rochdale 
in  November,  1863,  by  Richard  Cobden  and 
John  Bright.  Reprinted  from  the  West  Sussex 
/ Gazette.]  Arundel,  1864.  8vo.  7075.  bb.  27. 

Primogeniture  and  Entail.  Letters  of  J.  E.  Thorold 
Rogers,  M.A.,  Professor  of  Political  Economy 
at  the  University  of  Oxford ;  and  Mr.  Henry 
Tupper,  of  Guernsey,  and  others,  on  the  History 
and  Working  of  the  Laws  of  Primogeniture 
and  Entail  in  their  Moral,  Social,  and  Political 
Aspects.  Manchester,  Alexander  Ireland  & 
Co.,  1864.  8vo,  pp.  28.— Mr.  Tupper's  letter  is 
addressed  to  Mr.  Cobden,  and  the  pamphlet 
resulted  from  the  speech  out  of  which  the 
Cobden-Delane  correspondence  arose. 

1865. 

Alarming  results  of  the  non-reciprocity  System  of 
Free  Trade  promoted  by  Messrs.  Gladstone, 
Cobden,  Bright,  and  their  supporters.  Fourth 
edition.  London,  [1865].  S.  sh.  fol.  1880.  d. 
1.  (67.) 

Cobden's  Nederidge  Navolgers  in  Indie :  een 

beschamend  woord  voor  alle  bestrijders  der 
liberale  Koloniale  politiek.  (Overgedrukt  uit 
het  Dagblad  ran  Zuidhollana  en's  Gravenhage 
van  8-11  Augustus,  1865.)  's  Gravenhage,  1865. 
8vo.  8022.  dd. 

Mr.  Cobden.  (From  the  Ulster  Observer.)  London. 
8vo,  pp.  4. — A  reprint  of  a  leading  article  on 
Mr.  Cobden's  career. 

1866. 

Le  Buste  de  Cobden.    Par  A.  Verviers.    1866. 
1867. 

Brewster,  D.  The  Radical  Party:  its  Principles, 
Objects,  and  Leaders.  —  Cobden,  &c.  Man- 
chester, 1867.  8vo.  8138.  cc.  10.  (10.) 


Financial  Reform  Union.     Papers  on  Taxation,  &c. 

No.  3.    A  Budget  for  1869,  based  upon  Mr. 

Cobden's  "  National  Budget,"  proposed  in  1849. 

Pp.  7.    [London],  1868.    8vo.    C.  T.  274.  (8.) 
Pamphlets  Nationaux.    No.  1.  Les  Joujoux  de  M. 

Cobden.    Par  A.   Grandguillot.    Paris,   [1868, 

&c.].    8vo.    8245.  ff.  3. 

1885. 

"Robkin  and  Blight"  [i.e.,  Richard  Cobden  and 
John  Bright].  What  unfair  trade  is  doing  for 
us.  [Signed  "  Pastor  Agricola."]  Pp.  23.  War- 
wick, H.  T.  Cooke  &  Son,  1885.  8vo.  8139. 

I).     L«<7.     \  t   •} 

Pope  (J.  B.).  The  Curse  of  Cobden,  or  John  Bull 
v.  John  Bright.  [A  pamphlet  upon  Free  Trade.  ] 


Edinburgh    and    London,    W.    Blackwood   & 
Sons,  1885.    8vo.    8228.  b.  37. 
1886. 

Brett  (J.).  Calculator.  Free  Trade.  Cobden,  Bright,. 

Gladstone Fawcett.  collated  and  examined. 

London,  Effingham  Wilson,  1886.    8vo.    8229. 
i.  18.  (4.) 

Cashin  (T.  F.).    Free  Trade  Fallacies;  or,  Cobdea 
confuted.    An  exposition  on  the  existing  phase- 
of  progress  and  poverty,  &c.    London,  Wyman 
&  Sons,  1886.    8vo.    8229.  bbb.  53.  (12.) 
1901. 

The  Curse  of  Cobden  :  what  it  means.  An  address 
to  those  with  brains.  Issued  by  the  War- 
minster  Fair  Trade  and  Home  Labour  Defence 
League.  [Signed  for  the  League  by  John  W. 
Hull.]  Pp.8.  Warminster,  [1901].  8vo.  08226. 
g.  62.  (13.) 

WILLIAM  E.  A.  AXON, 
(To  be  continued.) 


GIPSIES  :  "  CHIGUNNJI." — People  who  deal 
in  historical  and  philosophical  questions 
have  a  perverse  way  of  always  Retting  hold 
of  the  wrong  end  of  the  stick.  They  always 
wish  to  prove  some  far-fetched,  out-of-the- 
way  theory.  To  me  it  has  always  appeared 
obvious  that  the  Zigunnoi,  described  by 
Herodotus  as  people  with  a  way  of  life 
exactly  the  same  as  that  of  modern  gipsies, 
and  occupying  exactly  the  region  to  this 
day  most  thickly  populated  by  gipsies,  really 
were  gipsies  or  Zigeuner.  The  whole  thing 
is  as  plain  as  a  pikestaff.  What  is  the  general 
occupation  of  gipsies  but  that  of  tinkers, 
horsedealers,  and  above  all  blacksmiths?  Now 
a  dialect  word  in  Great  Russian  gives  a  com- 
plete explanation  of  the  name  Zigunnoi, 
because  in  that  dialect  the  word — not  given 
in  Russian  dictionaries  —  chigunnji  means- 
made  of  iron  or  connected  with  iron.  If  in 
the  present  day  so  large  a  Slav  element  still 
remains  along  the  Danube,  this  must  have 
been  still  more  the  case  in  classic  times,  for 
the  Slav  elements  have  been  slowly  shrinking 
east  and  northwards.  So  that  it  is  not  won- 
derful if  Herodotus  was  given  the  Slav  name 
for  the  members  of  the  nomad  primitive 
iron  age,  who  resolutely  refused  to  be  civilized. 
W.  W.  STRICKLAND,  B.A. 

*  MURRAY'S  HANDBOOK  FOR  YORKSHIRE.' — 
In  your  notice  of  the  new  edition  of 
'Murray's  Handbook  for  Yorkshire'  (10th  S. 
i.  259)  you  state  that  the  "delightful  cream 
cheese"  made  at  Grewelthorpe  might  have 
been  mentioned.  Will  you  allow  me  to  point 
out  that  the  'Handbook'  contains  two 
allusions  to  this  cheese:  on  p.  320,  where 
Grewelthorpe  is  mentioned,  and  also  at  the 
end  of  section  xiii.  of  the  Introduction, 
where  the  gastronomic  peculiarities  of  the 
county  are  described?  You  also  remark 


106 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  n.  AUG.  e,  MM. 


upon  the  omission  of  the  Farnley  Hall  near 
Leeds ;  and  DE.  FORSHAW  (p.  346),  writing 
on  the  same  subject,  hints  at  "other  dis- 
crepancies and  omissions."  May  I  inquire 
whether  this  particular  Farnley  Hall  pos- 
sesses any  interest,  internal  or  external,  for 
the  intelligent  tourist?  Dn.  FOKSHAW  cites 
nothing  in  its  favour,  except  that  it  is 
mentioned  in  the  'National  Gazetteer,'  and 
all  the  '  National  Gazetteer '  seems  to  be  able 
to  say  for  it  is  that  it  is  the  principal 
residence."  This  in  itself  is  not  enough  to 
render  obligatory  its  inclusion  in  a  work 
which,  after  all,  is  not  a  gazetteer,  but  a 
guide-book.  J.  M. 

12-14,  Long  Acre,  W.C. 

WILLIAM  WAY,  ALIAS  WYGGE,  ALIAS  FLOWER. 
— Under  the  heading 'Kecusant  Wykehamists,' 
in  9th  S.  xi.  227,  350,  it  was  shown  that 
William  Wygge,  the  Catholic  martyr,  was  not 
the  Winchester  scholar  of  1570  (though  it  is 
asserted  he  was  by  Dodd,  *  Church  History,' 
vol.  ii.  p.  131),  but  is  to  be  identified  with 
William  Way. 

The  further  identification  of  William  Way 
with  Mr.  Flower  was  left  uncertain.  Dom 
Bede  Camm,  O.S.B.,  now  writes  to  me  to 
point  out  that  this  further  identification  is 
certain,  as  4  S.  P.  Dom.  Eliz.,'  ccii.  61,  contains 
the  name  of  "William  Flower,  alias  Way, 
Seminary  in  the  Clink." 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

"  CLOSURE  -  BY  -  COMPARTMENT."  —  In  the 
appendix  to  'H.E.D.,'  which  will  naturally 
be  looked  for  when  the  series  of  volumes  now 
being  issued  is  completed,  it  will  be  neces- 
sary to  include  "  closure-by-compartment," 
a  phrase  used  by  the  Prime  Minister  and  all 
the  leading  speakers  in  the  recent  House  of 
Commons  debate  on  a  particular  proposal  in 
regard  to  the  Licensing  Bill,  as  an  extension 
of  the  meaning  of  closure  as  "  the  closing  of 
a  debate  in  a  legislative  assembly  by  vote  of 
the  House  or  by  other  competent  authority." 

POLITICIAN. 

"KABOOSE."— The  other  day  a  friend  of 
mine,  who  plumes  himself  upon  the  purity 
of  his  English,  said  to  me,  "I'll  sell  you  the 
whole  kaboose."  I  was  so  surprised  to  hear 
mm  indulging  in  Yiddishisms  that  I  begged 
him  to  tell  me  how  he  came  to  know  the 
word.  ^  All  I  learnt  was  that  he  had  often 
heard  it  used  by  art-dealers.  He  was  ignorant 
of  its  origin.  I  have  often  heard  it  used  in 
Hebrew  circles.  We  say  "chaboose."  Its 
etymology  is  nebulous.  The  nearest  thing  I 
can  find  m  Hebrew  to  it  is  "chaboos"  from 
**  chabosh,"  to  subjugate.  "  Kaboose  "  would 


thus  mean  anything  acquired  or  property. 
"  Kaboose  "=job-lot.      M.  L.  JR.  BRESLAR. 

[Obviously  a  variant  of  "  caboodle,"  says  Farmer's 
'Slang  and  its  Analogues.'  Derivation  disputed.] 

EPITAPH  ON  ANN  DAVIES.—  The  following 
is  from  an  old  tombstone  in  memory  of  one 
Ann,  the  wife  of  Edward  Da  vies,  who 
departed  this  life  9  January,  1795,  aged 
thirty-nine,  in  Ruyton-of-the-Eleven-Towns 
Churchyard,  in  Shropshire  :  — 

Pain  was  my  portion, 

Physic  was  my  food, 

To  groan  was  my  devotion 

When  drugs  did  me  no  good. 

Christ  was  my  physician  ; 

He  knew  what  way  was  best 

To  ease  me  of  my  pain 

And  set  my  soul  at  rest. 

H.  T.  B. 

Shrewsbury. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

I.H.S.  —  One  is  so  apt  to  look  upon 
'N.  &  Q.'  as  an  "inquire  within  for  every- 
thing," that  I  confess  to  a  feeling  of 
disappointment  when,  on  consulting  the 
Indexes,  I  could  find  no  reference  to  the 
origin  of  the  use  of  these  letters  for  "  Jesus 
hominum  Salvator."  In  Griesinger's  'History 
of  the  Jesuits'  (I  quote  from  Scott's  trans- 
lation), chap,  ii.,  is  the  following  :  — 

"  There  were  6  associates  [four  Spaniards,  one  Por- 
tuguese, and  one  Savoyard]  whom  Loyola  selected 
for  the   accomplishment   of    his    designs  ......  They 

agreed  all  seven  to  assemble  on  the  festival  of  the 
Ascension  of  Mary  (15th  August,  1534)  at  daybreak, 
in  the  Faubourg  St.  Jacques,  and  thence  ascended 
the  heights  of  Montmartre  and  immediately  betook 
themselves  to  a  subterranean  chapel  situated  there, 
in  which,  some  centuries  before,  Dionysius  the 
Areopagite  had  been  beheaded.  This  was  a  kind 
of  dismal  grotto,  of  coarse,  rough  construction, 
with  bare  dark  grey  walls  dripping  with  moisture, 
and  quite  unadorned  with  flowers,  gold,  or  precious 
stones.  On  the  contrary,  all  appeared  dull  and 
dreary,  bare  and  silent,  while  hardly  a  breath  of 
air  could  penetrate  from  without  :  the  lighted 
tapers  emitted  a  sickly  pale  yellow  light,  which 
rendered  the  chapel  even  more  awful  in  appearance 
than  it  might  otherwise  have  seemed.  A  frightful 
impression  was  given  by  the  plain  rough  stone 
altar,  behind  which  rose  an  old  ruinous  statue 
which  held  the  head  severed  from  the  trunk  in  its 
outstretched  arms  —  that  of  the  holy  Denis.  Before 
this  altar  the  seven  men  kneeled,  on  entering,  and 
muttered  their  low  prayers.  Then  one  of  them  rose 
up  —  it  was  Le  Faber,  who  alone  of  all  of  them  had 
been  consecrated  to  the  priesthood  —  and  read  a 
solemn  mass,  after  which  he  administered  the 


ii.  AUG.  e,  1904.)        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


107 


Holy  Communion.  Scarce  had  this  taken  place 
when  Ignatius  Loyola  placed  himself  before  the 
altar,  and  swore  upon  the  Bible  to  lead  henceforth 
a  life  of  poverty,  chastity,  and  obedience.  He  swore 
to  tight  to  all  eternity  only  for  the  things  of  God, 
of  the  Holy  Mary,  and  her  Son  Jesus  Christ,  as 
true  spiritual  knights,  as  also  for  the  protection  of 
the  holy  Romish  Church  and  its  supreme  head  the 
Pope;  and  for  the  extension  of  the  true  faith 
among  unbelievers — devoting  his  life  thereto.  'Ad 
majorem  Dei  gloriam'  (to  the  exaltation  of  the 
glory  of  God),  he  exclaimed,  as  he  finished  taking 
the  oath,  and  his  wild  piercing  eyes  shot  like 
lightning  out  of  his  leaden-coloured  haggard 
countenance.  After  him  the  six  others  took  the 
same  oath,  and  each  exclaimed  at  the  finish  '  Ad 
majorem  Dei  gloriam.'  On  the  termination  of  this 
ceremony,  however,  they  did  not  at  once  leave  the 
chapel,  but  remained  shut  up  in  it  until  late  in  the 
evening,  muttering  their  prayers,  and  without  a  bit 
of  food  or  a  drop  of  water  having  passed  their  lips. 
As  they  at  last  rose  up  from  their  knees,  Ignatius 
Loyola  marked  upon  the  altar  three  large  capital 
letters:  these  were  I.H.S.  'What  do  those 
signify?'  demanded  the  others.  'They  signify,' 
answered  Ignatius  with  solemn  utterance,  '  "Jesus 
Hominum  Salvator,"  and  they  shall  henceforth  be 
the  motto  of  our  institution.'  From  that  time  these 
words  were  inscribed  on  the  banners  of  the  Society 
to  indicate  that  the  members  of  the  same  desire  to 
be  considered  Assistants  of  the  Saviour  Jesus." 

I  have  troubled  you  with  this  long  extract, 
without  abridgment,  to  ask  if  all  this  is 
really  true.  Is  this  the  origin  of  the  letters 
I.H.S. ,  and  do  our  churches  bear  on  their 
altars  and  tables  as  a  fact  the  badge  of 
the  Jesuits  1  The  A.M.D.G.  I  have  always 
supposed  to  be  their  motto,  and  (but  quaere) 
the  "Patiens  quia  seternus":  but  is  the 
I.H.S.  theirs  as , well  ? 

I  have  read  the  notes  on  "Stat  crux  dum 
volvitur  orbis  "  (10th  S.  i.  393)  with  interest. 
Would  it  be  asking  too  much  for  B.W.,  or 
some  other  learned  contributor,  to  note  in 
your  columns  the  mottoes  and  badges  of  all 
the  different  Orders? 

By-the-by,  is  the  translation  given  above 
of  A.M.D.G.  the  correct  one?  "To  the 
greater  glory  of  God "  seems  more  literal ; 
and  yet  is  not  that  an  impossibility,  and  a 
contradiction  on  the  face  of  it  ?  Lucis. 

SHAKESPEARE  AUTOGRAPH.  —  Can  any  of 
your  American  correspondents  or  others  tell 
me  the  present  whereabouts  of  the  Shake- 
speare autograph  purchased  last  April  at 
Sotheby's  rooms  by  Mr.  A.  Jackson,  of 
224,  Portland  Street,  for  a  client  out  of  Eng- 
land ?  REGINALD  HAINES. 

Uppingham. 

ETON  LISTS.— Can  any  one  put  me  on  the 
track  of  any  MS.  lists  of  Eton  College  prior 
to  1791,  when  they  first  began  to  be  printed  ? 
At  present  I  have  lists— or  copies  of  lists— 
for  the  following  years :  1678, 1707, 1718, 1725, 


1742,  1745,  1747,  1752-4,  1756-71,  1773,  and 
1775-91.  I  should  be  very  glad  to  hear  of 
any  others,  and  also  of  duplicates  for  any  of 
the  above-mentioned  years. 

R.  A.  AUSTEN  LEIGH. 

8,  St.  James's  Street,  S.W. 

ITALIAN  INITIAL  H.— It  is  of  course  well 
known  that  initial  h  only  survives  in  the 
singular  and  in  the  third  person  plural  of 
the  present  tense  of  the  verb  avere.  In  what 
appears  to  be  an  excellent  little  book  by  the 
late  Policarpo  Petrocchi,  'La  Lingua  e  la 
Storia  Letteraria  d'  Italia  dalle  origini  fino  a 
Dante/  Roma,  1903,  the  words  /ia  and  hanno 
appear  as  a  and  anno*  I  shall  be  glad  to 
know  whether  this  is  an  idiosyncrasy  of  the 
publishers,  Ermanno  Loescher  <fe  Co.,  or  whe- 
ther it  is  sanctioned  by  the  Accademia  della 
Crusca,  or  any  other  authoritative  institu- 
tion. The  name  of  the  publishers  seems  to 
suggest  that  the  dreibund  has  something  to 
do  with  the  innovation.  A  man  who,  at 
home,  is  guilty  of  such  monstrosities  as  tun 
and  tat  (for  thun  and  that)  may  very  well 
have  acquired  an  unreasoning  prejudice 
against  the  letter  h.  Q.  V. 

COURT  DRESS.— The  Hungarian  Professor 
Vambery,  in  a  delightful  letter  (part  of  which 
I  here  give  in  order  to  make  my  query  intelli- 
gible) to  his  friends,  lately  published  in  the 
continental  newspapers,  gives  an  interest- 
ing description  of  a  visit  to  the  Court  of 
Edward  VII.  Invited  "  to  dine  and  sleep  " 
at  Windsor  Castle,  he  gives  the  following 
account  of  the  first  evening's  dinner  :— 

"  On  the  card  of  invitation  were,  as  usual,  direc- 
tions given  for  the  dress  to  be  worn  during  the  only 
formal  function  of  the  day,  the  dinner,  and  thus 
worded :  '  Evening  dress,  kneebreeches  and  orders.' 
As  regards  myself,  there  could  hardly  be  any  ques- 
tion that  I,  with  my  lame  legs,  should  put  on  knee- 
breeches. 

"About  the  time  when  I  generally  go  to  bed,  the 
company  of  guests  assembled,  the  ladies  in  full 
dress  and  the  gentlemen  in  Court  dress  or  uniform. 
When  their  Majesties,  preceded  by  the  Master  of 
the  Household,  entered,  the  ladies  placed  themselves 
on  the  right  and  the  gentlemen  to  the  left.  The 
Queen,  as  gracious  and  beautiful  as  ever,  saluted 
the  company,  and,  by  way  of  distinction,  gave  her 
hand  to  the  newcomers.  Then  the  King  followed 
in  Court  dress,  with  the  star  and  ribbon  of  the 
Garter.  The  black  coat  with  a  red  collar— a  novelty 
for  the  year — became  him,  the  master  of  fashion, 
admirably  well." 

I  will  stop  here  and  proceed  with  my 
query.  Does  not  the  amiable  professor  here 
make  a  confusion  with  the  so-called  Windsor 


*  I  have  not  happened  to  find  an  d  in  so  much  of 
the  book  as  I  have  read ;  but  it  probably  is  there. 
Is  the  second  person  singular  at,  to  distinguish  it 
from  "to  the  "(pi.)? 


108 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  n.  AUG.  6,  im 


uniform,  the  coat  of  which,  however,  is  no 
black  ?  or  is  there  a  new  Court  dress  fo 
Windsor  wear  1  and  in  such  case,  will  any 
body  give  particulars  thereof  1 

ENAR  A  —  ST. 
Stockholm. 

JOSEPHUS  STRTJTHIUS.  —  Robert  Burton,  in 
the  'Anatomy  of  Melancholy,3  refers  to 
*'  Josephus  Struthius,  that  Polonian,  and  his 
'Doctrine  of  Pulses'"  (Shilleto's  ed.  of  the 
'Anatomy,'  1896,  vol.  iii.  p.  156).  Is  anything 
known  of  Struthius  1  and  when  was  the 
'  Doctrine  of  Pulses  '  printed  1  Perhaps  some 
medical  or  Polish  reader  can  help. 

H.  C.  S. 

POLISMAN.—  I  have  picked  up  a  book  with 
the  following  curious  title  :  "  Historia  del 
Valoroso  Cavalier  Polisman,  nuouamente 
tradotta  dalla  lingua  Spagnuola  nella  Italiana 
da  M.  Giouanni  Miranda.  In  Veuetia  appresso 
Lucio  Spineda,  1612,"  pp.  279,  with  register. 
Who  was  Polisman,  and  whence  his  extra- 
ordinarily un-Spanish  name  1  J.  P.  M. 

[The  first  edition  of  this  work  appeared  in  Venice 
in  8vo,  from  the  presses  of  Christ.  Zanetti,  1573. 
It  appears  from  Brunet  to  have  been  in  six 
volumes,  though  this  is  not  sure.  A  copy  was  in  the 
La  Valliere  sale.  This  is  all  we  personally  know.] 

OLD  BIBLE.  —  My  interest  has  been  aroused 
by  an  old  Bible,  of  which  I  would  gladly 
learn  more.  The  size  is  small  quarto,  and 
the  text,  which  is  in  double  columns,  is  in 
black  letter,  the  marginal  references  and 
comments  being  in  Roman  type.  Acts  xxi.  15 
runs  "  wee  trussed  up  our  fardles  ";  and  pro- 
bably "breeches"  represented  "aprons"  in 
Genesis  iii.  7;  but  unfortunately  the  title-page 
of  the  Old  Testament  is  torn  out,  together 
with  all  that  ought  to  come  before  Leviti- 
cus xxiii.  I  should  have  attributed  the  volume 
to  the  edition  which  contained  the  copy  thus 
advertised  in  a  recent  "  Caxton  Head  "  cata- 
logue :  — 

"142   Bible   (Genevan   or    'Breeches')  ......  With 

most  profitable  Annotations  vpon  all  the  hard 
places,  and  other  things  of  great  importance,  as 
may  appeare  in  the  Epistle  to  the  Reader.  And  also 
a  most  profitable  Concordance  for  the  readie  finding 
put  of  any  thing  in  the  same  conteyned,  sm.  4to 
(Apocrypha  missing),  black  letter,  double  column, 
marginal  notes  m  Roman  Letter,  titles  within  wood- 
cut borders  surmounted  by  the  Royal  Arms,  old 
calf,  gilt,  gilt  edges,  15*.  Christopher  Barker,  1586," 


.  ,         , 

had  not  the  New  Testament  title-page,  which 
answers  to  the  above  description,  been  "  Im- 
printed at  London  by  |  the  Deputies  of 
Christopher  Bar-  |  ker,  Printer  to  the  Queenes 
most  |  excellent  Maiestie  |  1495."  Wherefore 
a  date  so  astounding  ?  The  preface  to  «  Two 
right  profitable  and  f  ruitfull  Concordances  ' 


which  follow  Revelation,  and  are  by  Robert; 
F.  Herrey,  is  dated  1578,  so  I  can  but  sus- 
pect that  the  "devil"  interfered  with  the- 
chronology.  ST.  SWITHIN. 

BRISTOL  SLAVE  SHIPS,  THEIR  OWNERS  AND- 
CAPTAINS.  —  Popular  opinion  throughout 
America  has  always  attributed  to  the  ancient 
English  town  of  Bristol  the  long-continued 
as  well  as  the  original  planting  of  the  negro 
race  on  our  American  soil.  What  lists,  may 
I  be  permitted  to  ask,  MS.  or  printed,  have 
been  compiled  revealing  the  names  of  Bristol 
slave  vessels  in  the  seventeenth  and  eighteenth 
centuries,  including  the  names  of  their  owners 
and  sailing  masters,  also  the  names  of  the 
mercantile  firms  of  Bristol  engaged  in  the 
slave  business  ?  J.  G.  C. 

Boston,  U.S. 

SIR  HARRY  VANE.— What  portrait  is  con- 
sidered to  be  the  best  of  Sir  Harry  Vane  the 
Younger?  G.  T. 

GWYNETH.— I  shall  be  very  much  obliged 
f  any  of  your  readers  can  tell  me  the  correct 
spelling  of  the  Welsh  name  Gwyneth  or 
Gwynydd,  and  the  meaning  thereof. 

TORSO. 
[See  9th  S.  ix.  109,  319,  372,  479.] 

BAYLY  OR  BAILY  OF  HALL  PLACE  ANI> 
BIDEFORD. — Can  any  reader  give  me  infor- 
mation about  a  Col.  Michael  Bayly  or  Baily, 
an  East  Indian  officer,  living  about  1770, 
probably  born  about  1710?  His  grandson 
Dr.  Wm.  Bayly  Upton,  of  Cashel,  quartered 
for  Bayly  these  arms :  Or,  on  a  fesse  en- 
grailed between  three  nags'  heads  erased 
azure  as  many  fleurs-de-lys  of  the  first.  I  find 
;hese  arms  were  borne  by  Baily  of  Hall 
Place,  Leigh,  Kent.  But  in  Burke's  '  Landed 
gentry '  (third  edition)  the  only  lineage  of  this 
'amily  given  is  that  Farmer  Baily,  Esq.,  was 
father  of  Thomas  Farmer  Baily,  b.  1823.  The 
same  arms,  however,  I  find  were  borne  by 
Sir  Henry  Bayly,  Knight  of  Hanover,  second 
on  of  Zachariah  Bayly,  Esq.,  of  Bideford. 
This  Sir  Henry  Bayly  was  living  in  1857.  I 
hall  be  very  glad  of  any  information  about 
hese  Baylys.  W.  P.  UPTON. 

73,  Bignor  Street,  Cheetham  Hill,  Manchester. 

'TIMES'  CORRESPONDENTS  IN  HUNGARY. — 

According  to  Henningsen,  the  author  of  the 

pamphlet  *  Kossuth  and  the  Times,'  the  corre- 

pondents  of  this  paper  during  the  Hungarian 

var  of  independence  were  "  a  Mr.  R ,  a 

>erson  named  Bird,  a  Mr.  Paton,  and  a  Mr. 
Charles  Pridham."    Can  anybody  kindly  give 

me  the  full  name  of  Mr.  R ?    A.  A.  Paton 

nd  Charles  Pridham  have  published   their 
xperiences  in  book  form.    Among  the  Aus- 


ID- s.  ii.  AUG.  e,  1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


109 


trian  correspondents,  according  to  the  sam 
pamphlet,  was  "  a  certain  Pazziazzi,  clerk  i: 
the  office  of  the  secret  Austrian  police,  wh 
came  over  to  London  and  published,  througl 
Mr.  Bentley,  a  book  called  'A  Voice  from 
the  Danube.' " 

The    last-named    author    translated    int< 
German  two  books  of  Count  Szechenyi,  an 
his  name  is  given  on  the  title-page  of  one  o 
them  as  Michael  von  Paziazi.         L.  L.  K. 

PHILIP  BAKER.— In  the  'Calendar  of  the 
Cecil  MSS.,'  i.  n.  1754,  occurs  "  Baker,  parson 
of    Win  wick,    that   was   provost    of    King', 
College    in    Cambridge."    The  MS.   therein 
abstracted  is  undated.    The 'D.N.B.,' iii.  14 
says  he  had  gone  to  Louvain  before  22  Feb 
ruary,  1569/70,  when  he  was  formally  deprivec 
of  the  provostship.    In   1577   he  resided  in 
the  parish  of  St.  Giles,  Cripplegate,  and  his 
recusancy  was  valued  at  50/.   ('S.  P.  Dom 
Eliz.,'  cxviii.  73).     When  was    he  rector  o 
Winwick?    According    to    Baines's  'Lanes, 
iii.  662,  Christopher  Thomson  was  institutec 
on  the  presentation  of  the  queen,  19  March 
1569,  the  living  being  vacant  by  the  death 
of  Thos.  Stanley,  Bishop  of  Sodor ;  and  John 
Cold  well  was  instituted  7  Jan.,  1575,  on  the 
presentation  of  Henry,  Earl  of  Derby,  on 
the  death  of  the  last  incumbent,  so  that  it 
is  not  easy  to  see  where  Philip  Baker  came 
in.  JOHN  B.  WAINEWBIGHT. 

SAUCY    ENGLISH    POET.— At   the   end   of 
chap,  xxxii.  of  *  Waverlev  '  Sir  Walter  Scott 
writes  that  Capt.  Waverley 
"  likes  no  poetry  but  what  is  humorous,  and  conies 
in  good  time  to  interrupt  my  long  catalogue  of  the 
tribes,  whom  one  of  your  saucy  English  poets  calls 
Our  bootless  host  of  high-born  beggars, 
Mac  Leans,  MacKenzies,  and  MacGregors." 

Who  is  the  saucy  English  poet?  and  in  which 
of  his  poems  is  this  passage  to  be  found  1 

JAMES  WATSON. 
Folkestone. 

"ESQUIRE"  IN  SCOTLAND. —Mr.  Fox-Davies, 
in  'Armorial  Families,'  divides  gentlemen 
into  two  classes— "gentlemen"  and  "esquires." 
He  sends  to  Scotsmen  "  Information  Forms  " 
drawn  up  ostensibly  to  suit  Scotch  law,  on 
which  it  is  asked  whether  he  who  fills  up  the 
form  "  claims  to  be  an  esquire."  In  the 
margin  "Esquires"  are  defined  according  to 
the  well-known  list  given  by  Camden  and 
other  English  heraldic  writers.  Is  it  not  the 
case  that  the  word  "esquire"  is  used  in 
Scotland  properly  of  any  gentleman  not  in 
the  state  of  knighthood,  and  that  every 
Scottish  "gentleman"  may  "claim  to  bean 
esquire  "  ]  C.  K. 


PEAK  AND  PIKE. 

(10th  S.  ii.  61.) 

THE  information  received  up  to  this  point 
has  greatly  advanced  the  question  chrono- 
logically and  topographically.  "  Aber- 
gavenny's  Pike"  is  identified  as  the  conical 
hill  near  Abergavenny,  now  called  the  Sugar- 
loaf.  "Cam's  Pike"  appears  to  be  Grose's 
appellation  for  what  is  now  known  as  Cam 
Peak,  in  the  Ordnance  maps  Peaked  Down,  a 
peaked  outlier  of  the  Cotswolds,  near  Dursley, 
in  Gloucestershire.  As  to  Aubrey's  curious 
reference  to  "Clay hill,  not  far  from  War- 
minster,  and  Coprip,  about  a  quarter  of  a 
mile  there,"  as  "pikes  or  vulcanos,"  no  in- 
formation has  been  received.  Is  there  no- 
Wiltshire  reader  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  who  can  tell  us- 
about  these  1 

Mr.  W.  H.  Hills,  of  Grasmere,  has  sent  a, 
list  of  thirty -one  examples  of  pike  in  the 
names  of  hills  or  peaks  in  the  Lake  district. 
Three  examples  are  sent  from  Yorkshire,  and 
statements  have  been  received  from  North- 
umberland and  Durham.  It  appears  also- 
that  the  name  crosses  the  Border,  and  that 
there  are  several  Scottish  "  pikes "  in  the 
border  counties  of  Roxburgh,  Dumfries,  and 
Selkirk.  There  are  believed  to  be  no- 
examples  in  Derbyshire,  and  none  have  been 
reported  from  Cheshire. 

As  to  chronology,  the  important  fact  is 

jointed  out  by  Mr.  A.  H.  Arkle,  of  Oxton, 

Birkenhead,  that  Riviugton  Pike,  formerly 

:lyven   Pyke,   in     Central     Lancashire,     is 

mentioned  in  Leland's  'Itinerary '  of  c.  1549 ; 

and    as    this    was    a    beacon    hill,    and  an 

mportant  landmark  from  the  Irish  Sea,  its 

name  occurs   continually  from  Elizabethan 

times  onward.     Its  mention  by  Leland  is 

most  important,  because  the  date  is  earlier 

han  the  first  known  English  mention  of  the 

Dike  of  Teneriffe,  and  confirms  my  opinion 

hat  the  native  "pikes"  of  England  are  not 

hence  derived. 

Mr.  Harper   Gaythorpe  also  reports    the 
ccurrence  of  Rivenpike  Hill  in  a  map  of 
Lancashire  of  1577,  Speed's  map  of  1610,  and 
many  later  maps ;  also  of  Murton  Pike  in 

estmorland    in    a  work    of   1673,  and    of 
ther  Westmorland    "pikes"    in    Morden's 
map  of  1695. 

Mr.  Arkle  mentions  other  Lancashire- 
pikes"  which  were  beacon  hills  or  im- 
ortant  landmarks  from  the  sea,  and  it  seems 
i  some  cases  that  the  name  "pike"  was 
rimarily  applied  to  the  natural  rocky 
ummit  or  artificial  cairn  or  beacon  itself. 


110 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        uo*  s.  11.  AUG.  e,  MM. 


The  chronological  question  is  now  shifted 
into  finding  earlier  examples  of  "pike"  to 
fill  up  the  gap  between  1400  and  1550,  as 
there  is  no  longer  any  doubt  of  the  name 
being  in  common  local  use  from  the  latter 
date.    Light  upon  the  Wiltshire  "pikes  or 
vulcanos"  of  Aubrey  is  much  to  be  desired. 
J.  A.  H.  MURRAY. 
Oxford. 

Bateman,  in  his  *  Ten  Years'  Diggings,'  1861, 

LI  57,  says,  "We  examined  a  tumulus  at  Pike 
w,  between  the  villages  of  Waterhouse  and 
Waterfall,  which  had  likewise  been  destroyed 
by  lime  burning."  This  was  in  Staffordshire. 
There  is  another  Pike  Low  on  the  summit  of 
a  moor  about  a  mile  to  the  north  of  Derwent 
Chapel,  in  Derbyshire.  These  are  certainly 
old  names.  The  pinnacles  on  Castleton 
Church,  in  that  county,  are  called  pikes;  see 
my  account  of  *  Garland  Day  at  Castleton  ' 
in  Folk-lore,  xii.  410,  and  the  photograph  there 
showing  the  garland  fixed  on  one  of  the  pikes. 
My  acquaintance  with  the  topography  of 
Derbyshire  is  extensive,  but  I  cannot  remem- 
ber a  single  local  name  ending  in  -pike. 
There  is  a  place  called  Pig-tor,  near  Buxton. 
Two  large  fields  in  South  Leverton,  Notts, 
are  known  as  Top  Pikesnipe  and  Low  Pike- 
snipe,  reminding  us  of  Mr.  Pecksniff  in 
'  Martin  Chuzzlewit.'  Possibly  pikemipe  is 
equivalent  in  meaning  to  gore,  a  pointed  or 
triangular  piece  of  land.  There  is  a  field 
called  Peck  Nooking  at  Holbeck,  in  the  parish 
of  Cuckney,  Notts.  Lists  of  field -names 
from  deeds  and  other  sources  would  show  an 
abundance  of  pikes  and  pecks.  S.  O.  ADDY. 

"  Cam's  Pike "  is  no  doubt  what  is  locally 
known  as  Cam  Peak  :  a  remarkable  conical 
hill,  terminating  a  detached  spur  of  the 
Cotswolds,  in  the  parish  of  Cam,  adjoining 
Dursley,  Gloucestershire. 

R.  E.  FRANCILLON. 

The  Cam's  Pike  about  which  DR.  MURRAY 
inquires  (if  in  Gloucestershire,  as  he  sur- 
mises) is,  no  doubt,  Cam  Peak,  which  is  a 
perfectly  conical  hill  about  one  mile  from 
Dursley  and  half  a  mile  from  the  village  of 
Cam,  taking  its  name  from  the  latter.  Both 
on  the  old  and  the  new  Ordnance  Survey 
maps  it  appears  as  Peaked  Down,  but  is 
better  known  locally  as  Cam  Peak  or  Picky 
Down. 

If  the  Editor  is  in  an  indulgent  mood,  and 
will  allow  me  to  be  discursive,  I  should  much 
like  to  add  that  the  hill  is  peculiar  in  de- 
parting from  the  long,  flat-topped,  limestone 
formation  of  its  numerous  neighbours  which 
contribute  to  the  lovely  scenery  of  this  out- 
lying district  of  the  Cotswolds,  being  but  a 


huge  heap  of  sandy  soil,  apparently  deposited 
by  a  swirling  eddy  of  waters.    An  old  legend 
explains  its  presence  otherwise,  relating  now 
the  Devil,  on  his  way  to  dam  the  Severn, 
found   the  distance  trying,  and,  tipping  up 
his  load  in  a  fit  of  disgust,  formed  the  hill. 
CHAS.  GILLMAN. 
Church  Fields,  Salisbury. 

In  Major's  prettily  illustrated  edition  of 
Walton's  '  Complete  Angler,'  dated  1824,  are 
three  engravings  depicting  Pike  Pool  on  the 
river  Dove,  of  which  it  is  said  : — 

"  Pise.  Why,  sir,  from  that  Pike,  that  you  see 
standing  up  there  distant  from  the  rock,  this  is 
called  Pike  Pool."-P.  312. 

An  incut  note  on  the  same  page  observes  : 
"  'Tis  a  rock  in  the  fashion  of  a  spire-steeple,  and 
almost  as  big.  It  stands  in  the  midst  of  the  river 
Dove  ;  and  not  far  from  Mr.  Cotton's  house,  below 
which  place  this  delicate  river  takes  a  swift  career 
betwixt  many  mighty  rocks,  much  higher  and  bigger 
than  St.  Paul's  church  before  'twas  burnt.  And 
this  Dove,  being  opposed  by  one  of  the  highest  of 
them,  has,  at  last,  forced  itself  a  way  through  it ; 
and  after  a  mile's  concealment  appears  again  with 
more  glory  and  beauty  than  before  that  opposition  ; 
running  through  the  most  pleasant  valleys  and 
most  fruitful  meadows  that  this  nation  can  justly 
boast  of." 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 


DISRAELI  ON  GLADSTONE  (10th  S.  ii.  67).— 
My  memory  brings  back  clearly  the  occasion 
on  which  Disraeli  (then  Earl  of  Beaconsfield) 
made  the  utterance  concerning  Gladstone. 
It  was  at  the  banquet  at  the  Riding-School 
given  to  Disraeli  on  27  July,  1878.  An 
account  will  be  found  in  the  'Annual 
Register '  of  that  year,  p.  96.  AILID. 

1878  was  certainly  the  year  in  which  the 
words  you  quote  were  used  by  Lord  Beacons- 
field  at  a  banquet  given  to  him  and  Lord 
Salisbury  on  their  return  from  Berlin.  The 
late  Duke  of  Buccleuch  presided  at  it.  A 
picture  of  it  appeared  in  the  Graphic,  show- 
ing Lord  Beaconsfield  in  the  act  of  speaking, 
and  the  words  in  question  below. 

F.  E.  R.  POLLARD-URQUHART. 

Craigston  Castle,  Turriff,  N.B. 

See    the  Illustrated  London   News   dated 
Saturday,  3  August,  1878,  p.  99.       H.  J.  B. 
[Other  replies  acknowledged.] 

LATIN  QUOTATIONS  (10th  S.  i.  188,  297,  437). 
—4.  "Sentis  ut  sapiens,  loqueris  ut  vulgus 
(Aristotle)."  Cf.  Ascham,  *  The  Scholemaster,' 
p.  155  (Arber),  "  folowine  carefullie  that  good 
councell  of  Aristotle,  loquendum  vt  multi, 
sapiendum  vt  pand?  Ascham  gives  the  words 
as  Sir  John  Cheke's.  PROF.  J.  E.  B.  MAYOR 
asked  for  the  source  of  "loquendum pauci" 


.  ii.  AUG.  6, 19M.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Ill 


at  3"1  S.  i.  89.    I  am  unable  to  refer  to  his 
annotated  edition  of  Ascham's  book. 

28.  '*  Scientia  non  habet  inimicum  prater 


inimica,"  p.  304  ot  the  'Adagia,'  ed.  oy 
Grynaeus  (1629) :  "  Galli  prouerbialiter  dicunt: 
Scientiam  habere  iniraicum  ignorantem." 
Biichmann  ('Gefliigelte  Worte,'  tenth  ed., 
p.  225 — this  part  is  omitted  in  the  twentieth 
•ed.)  says  :  "  In  des  Tunnicius  altester  nieder- 
deutscher  Sprichwortersammlung  lautet  die 
Lateinische  Uebersetzung des  1212.  Spruches: 
Ignarus  tantura  prreclaras  oderit  artes." 

31.  "Deorum  sunt  omnia."  See  Erasmus, 
*  Adagia,'  s. v.  'Amicitia,'  p.  42  (1629),  where 
under  "  Amicorum  communia  omnia "  we 

read  "Tot  TWV  <£i'Awi>  KOIVO, Ex  hoc  pro- 

uerbio  Socrates  colligebat  omnia  bonorum 
esse  virorum  non  secus  quam  deorum. 
Deorum,  inquit,  sunt  omnia." 

34.  "Ibi  incipit  fides,  ubi  desinit  ratio." 
Cf.  John  of  Salisbury,  'Policraticus,'  vii.  7, 
"  Vt  enim  sacramentis,  vbi  ratio  deficit,  ad- 
hibeatur  fides,  multis  beneficiis,  magnisque 
miraculis  promeruit  Christus"  (p.  365,  ed. 
1595).  EDWARD  BEN  SLY. 

The  University,  Adelaide,  IS.  Australia. 

BENBOW  (10th  S.  ii.  29).— A  correspondent 
stated  at  6th  S.  ix.  175  that  "Vice- Admiral 
Benbow  left  many  sons,  all  of  whom  died 
without  issue ;  his  two  surviving  daughters 
consequently  became  co-heiresses  ;  the  eldest 
of  these  married  Paul  Calton,  Esq.,  of  Milton, 
near  Abingdon,  co.  Berks."  Another  corre- 
spondent said  at  7th  S.  x.  4  that  Catharine, 
the  youngest  daughter,  married  Paul  Calton 
at  St.  Peter's,  Cornhill,  on  23  July,  1723,  to 
whom  a  son  was  born,  and  baptized  Benbow 
Calton  at  Milton  on  15  December,  1726. 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

COUNTY  TALES  (10th  S.  i.  505).— A  similar 
story  to  that  of  the  Mayor  of  Grimsby  is  told 
of  one  of  the  bailiffs  (by  courtesy  mayors)  of 
Pevensey.  Having  received  a  royal  procla- 
mation against  the  unlawful  firing  of  beacons 
with  intent  needlessly  to  alarm  the  district, 
the  mayor  apprehended  an  old  woman  whom 
he  accidentally  found  frying  some  bacon  for 
her  husband's  dinner.  Among  other  stories 
told  of  these  officials  is  one  of  a  certain 
mayor,  who  one  day,  engaged  in  thatching 
his  pigstye,  had  brought  to  him  a  letter  of 
some  importance.  Putting  on  his  spectacles, 
he  broke  the  seal,  and  endeavoured  to  glean 
its  contents  by  perusing  the  missive  upside 
down.  The  messenger,  with  all  due  respect, 
suggesting  that  it  would  be  better  to  read  the 
letter  in  the  way  common  among  people  of 


inferior  rank,  was  cut  short  by  the  reply, 
"  Hold  your  tongue,  sir ;  for,  while  I  am 
Mayor  of  Pemsey,  I'll  hold  a  letter  which 
eend  uppards  I  like."  But  the  greatest  and 
the  standing  jest  against  the  municipality  of 
Pevense^  is  that  which  charges  the  bailiff 
and  jurats  with  having  found  a  person  who 
had  stolen  a  pair  of  leather  breeches  guilty 
of  manslaughter.  Mr.  M.  A.  Lower,  who 
gives  these  stories  in  his  'Chronicles  of 
Pevensey,'  says  they  probably  originated 
from  "that celebrated  townsman  of  Pevensey, 
Andrew  Borde,  the  greatest  of  Merry 
Andrews,"  who  was  a  native  of  Sussex. 

JOHN  PATCHING. 

An  old  newspaper  cutting  thus  refers  to 
Folkestone  :— 

"I  have  read  somewhere  that  in  days  of  old 
Folkestone  Town  had  for  its  Mayor  a  gentleman 
who  rejoiced  in  the  Christian  name  of  'Steady,' 
surname  Baker.  On  one  occasion  Mayor  Steady 
Baker  had  brought  before  him  a  boy  charged  with 
stealing  gooseberries ;  he  was  caught  in  the  act, 
with  some  of  the  fruits  of  his  venture  on  his  person, 
and  these  were  produced  in  Court.  After  hearing 
and  weighing  the  evidence.  Mayor  Baker  took 
down  from  the  shelf  Burn's  *  Justice '  and  such  other 
legal  compilations  as  were  within  his  reach,  and 
having  pored  over  them,  he  closed  the  books  and 
thus  addressed  the  prisoner:  'Boy,  it's  a  lucky 
jawb  you  are  not  brought  up  for  stealing  a  goose, 
for  if  you  had  abin  I  should  have  had  no  bounds 
but  to  give  you  a  sixer  at  Dover.  I  don't  see  any- 
thing about  gooseberries,  so  it's  no  offence.  The 
gogs  are  yourn,  and  you  leave  the  Court  without  a 
stain  on  your  karacktur.' " 

In  a  book  published  by  T.  Rigden,  Dover, 
1852,  it  is  stated  that 

"  it  would  be  idle  to  collect  the  many  other  jokes 
which  are  related  against  Folke*tone  men — such  as 
their  setting  fish  nets  round  the  town  to  catch  the 
smallpox,  and  then  drown  it  at  once  in  the  sea ; 
planting  beefsteaks  to  grow  young  bullocks ;  throw- 
ing sparrows  from  the  church  steeple  to  break  their 
necks  ;  and  their  puzzling  their  brains  for  a  month 
to  find  a  rhyme  for  '  Folkestone  Church,'  when  all 
the  Mayor  could  hit  upon  was — '  Knives  and  Forks,' 
or  a  thousand  other  like  untruth*.  They  are  a  plain 
honest  people,  much  like  the  other  Kentish  men, 
and  seem  to  owe  these  jokes  against  them  to  the 
maliciousness  of  wit  which  discovered  that  the 
anagram  of  '  Folkstone'  made  '  Kent  Fools,'  rather 
than  to  any  individuality  of  character." 

R.  J.  FYNMORE. 

"THERE  WAS  A  MAN"   (10th  S.  i.   227,    377, 

474).— I  well  know  the  nursery  rime  in  ques- 
tion, and  first  heard  it  at  least  forty  years 
ago — probably  in  Kent,  although  I  dp  not 
think  its  use  was  confined  to  any  particular 
part  of  the  country.  My  version  agrees 
pretty  closely  with  that  of  MR.  H.  SIRR  at 
the  last  reference.  If  there  be  any  moral 
attached,  it  is  probably  that  stated  by  him, 
or,  in  other  words,  "keep  your  promises." 


112 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  11.  AUG.  6,  iwi. 


I  have,  however,  always  regarded  the  lines 
as  one  of  the  "  nonsense  verses  "  repeated  by 
mothers  and  nurses  for  the  amusement  oi 
young  children.  I  remember  hearing  from 
my  father  that  a  money-lender  (Ismay,  the 
Mile-End  miser,  I  believe)  quoted  the  first 
two  lines, 

A  man  of  words,  and  not  of  deeds, 

Is  like  a  garden  full  of  weeds, 

by  way  of  rebuke,  to  a  person  who  had  failed 
to  repay  him  at  a  date  agreed  upon.  Possibly 
in  that  case  it  had  a  double  meaning,  as 
referring  to  a  loan  upon  mere  personal 
security  without  note  of  hand  or  deposit  of 
deeds,  &c.  W.  I.  B.  V. 

DESECRATED  FONTS  (10th  S.  i.  488).— An  old- 
time  font  is  to  be  found  in  the  churchyard 
of  Patterdale,  in  Westmorland.  This  I  made 
the  subject  of  a  sonnet  in  my  *  Sonnets  of 
Lakeland '  a  dozen  years  ago. 

The  disused  font  from  the  parish  church  of 
Burtonwood,  in  Lancashire,  is  now  used  as  a 
flower  vase  in  an  adjoining  garden. 

On  5  April  of  last  year,  whilst  rambling 
through  the  old  churchyard  at  Thornton, 
near  this  city,  I  discovered  what  at  first 
appeared  to  be  the  fragment  of  a  broken 
cross.  With  the  aid  of  the  sexton  and  a 
couple  of  gentlemen  it  was  unearthed  and 
set  up,  and,  to  our  surprise  and  pleasure,  we 
found  that  it  was  an  old  font,  in  an  abso- 
lutely perfect  state  of  preservation.  It  con- 
tained the  following  inscription,  the  engrav- 
ing being  almost  as  clear  as  on  the  day  it 
was  first  cut :— "  Michael  Bentley  and  Jonas 
Dobson,  churchwardens,  1687." 

One  of  the  most  prominent  of  Bradford's 
historians,  Mr.  William  Scruton,  is  the 
author  of  a  valuable  volume  entitled  '  Thorn- 
ton and  the  Brontes,'  and  in  this  work  he 
writes : — 

"  The  old  font  in  which  all  the  Bronte  children, 
except  Maria,  the  eldest,  were  baptized  has  been 
removed  to  the  new  church,  and  placed  in  a  position 
worthy  of  the  great  interest  attaching  to  it." 

I  consider  the  font  I  found  in  the  church- 
yard to  be  the  one  far  more  likely  to  have 
been  used  during  the  incumbency  of  the  Rev. 
Patrick  Bronte  than  the  one  now  in  the  new 
church  ;  but,  whether  it  is  or  not,  it  should 
certainly  be  removed  to  the  inside  of  the  new 
building. 

A  picturesque  illustration  of  an  old  font  is 
given  on  p.  158  of  Hone's  *  Table  Book '  for 
1830,  with  the  following  comment  :— 

"Some  years  ago  the  fine  old  font  of  the  ancient 
?u  rl8 h  ,9^rch  of  Harrow-on-the-Hill  was  torn  from 
that  edifice  and  given  out  to  mend  the  roads  with, 
ihe  feelings  of  one  parishioner  (to  the  honour  of  the 
sex,  a  female)  were  outraged  by  this  act  of  parochial 


vandalism,  and  she  was  allowed  to  preserve  it  from 
destruction  and  place  it  in  a  walled  nook  at  the 
garden  front  of  her  house,  where  it  still  remains. 
By  her  obliging  permission  a  drawing  of  it  was  made 
the  summer  before  last,  and  is  engraved  above. 
On  the  exclusion  of  Harrow  font  from  the  church, 
the  parish  officers  put  up  the  marble  wash-hand- 
basin-stand-looking-thing  which  now  occupies  its 
place,  inscribed  with  the  names  of  the  church- 
wardens during  whose  reign  venality  or  stupidity 
effected  the  removal  of  its  predecessor.  If  there  be 
any  persons  in  that  parish  who  either  venerate 
antiquity,  or  desire  to  see  'right  things  in  right 
places,3  it  is  possible  that,  by  a  spirited  representa- 
tion, they  may  arouse  the  indifferent  and  shame  the 
ignorant  to  an  interchange  ;  and  force  an  expression 
of  public  thanks  to  the  lady  whose  good  taste  and 
care  enabled  it  to  be  effected.  The  relative  situation 
and  misappropriation  of  each  font  is  a  stain  on 
the  parish,  easily  removable  by  employing  a  few 
men  and  a  few  pounds  to  clap  the  paltry  usurper 
under  the  spout  of  the  good  lady  s  house,  and 
restore  the  original  from  that  degrading  destination 
to  its  rightful  dignity  in  the  church." 

It  would  be  interesting  to  know  if  this  old 
font  has  been  replaced  in  Harrow  Church. 

I  could  inundate  the  valuable  pages  of 
*  N.  &  Q.'  with  similar  instances  of  sacrilege  ; 
but  perhaps  the  above  will  suffice  for  the 
present.  CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

A  series  of  articles  on  the  ancient  fonts  of 
Hertfordshire  is  appearing  monthly  in  the 
Hertfordshire  Mercury.  Five  or  six  desecrated 
fonts  have  already  been  mentioned. 

In  the  Builder  of  14  September,  1895,  it  is 
stated  in  '  Notes  on  Ipswich  '  that  during 
excavations  in  the  town  ditch  the  remains 
of  a  Norman  font  were  discovered. 

In  Knight's  '  Old  England,'  vol.  i.  fig.  1309-, 
is  an  illustration  of  the  broken  base  of  a 
Perpendicular  font,  formerly  in  Stratford-on- 
Avon  Church. 

In  Dr.  Cox's  l  Churches  of  Derbyshire  ' 
several  instances  of  desecrated  fonts  are  men- 
tioned. MATILDA  POLLARD. 

Belle  Vue,  Bengeo. 

In  July  last  year  I  saw  lying  in  the  church- 
yard of  Polwarth,  Berwickshire,  a  Norman 
:ont.  W.  D.  MACRAY. 

About  twelve  years  ago,  at  Sileby,  in  Lei- 
cestershire, I  was  shown  a  Saxon  font  which 
;he  vicar  had  recently  rescued  from  a  local 
armer,  who  had  been  using  it  as  a  pig  trough. 
["he  vicar  had  it  set  up  in  his  private  garden. 

W.  T.  H. 


For  a  good  instance  I  would  refer 
DAGE  to  the  case  of  the  font  at  the  pre- 
tforman  church  of  Deerhurst,  Gloucester- 
shire, which  was  long  used  as  a  washing-tub 
n  a  neighbouring  farm.  In  1843  it  was 
removed  to  the  church  of  Longdon,  Worces- 


ii.  AUG.  6,  loo*.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


113 


tershire,  where  it  remained  and  was  used  as 
a  font  for  twenty-five  years.  Finally,  the 
stem  was  found  near  the  Severn,  and  then 
the  font  was  restored  to  Deerhurat.  See 
1  Deerhurst,'  by  Rev.  G.  Butterworth,  second 
ed.,  1890,  pp.  115  et  seq.  W.  CROOKE. 

WHITTY  TREE  (10th  S.  i.  469).  — This  is 
possibly  one  of  the  many  variants  of  the 
whitten-tree,  witch-tree,  mountain  ash,  or 
rowan-tree,  also  called  witchen-tree,  witch- 
bane  (&«?ie=harm,  Anglo-Saxon  bana,  a  mur- 
derer), witch-wood,  wise-tree,  wickersbury, 
quickenberry,  wicky,  quicken  -  tree,  quick- 
beam,  whighen-tree,  wiggen,  wild  ash,  wild- 
service,  mountain-service,  bird-service,  wild 
sorb,  and  fowlers'  service-tree,  because  the 
berries  are  used  by  fowlers,  whence  it  derives 
its  specific  name  Pimis  aucujxiria,  from  the 
Latin  auceps,  a  fowler.  The  word  "  service," 
however,  has  nothing  to  do  with  theuse  of  the 
fruit,  nor  with  the  ordinary  sense  of  that  word, 
but  is  from  the  Latin  cerevisia  or  cervisia,  beer, 
the  berries  of  all  the  group  having  once  been 
largely  used  in  brewing.  Place-names  like 
Whitty-Tree  occur  in  Mountain  Ash  in  Wales; 
Thirsk,  from  the  Norse  Thor  and  askr,  an 
ash-tree  ;  Ashiesteel  (Melrose),  which  is 
thought  to  be  the  "place  of  the  ash-trees," 
from  the  O.E.  steall,  steel,  a  place,  then  the 
stall  of  a  stable  (J.  B.  Johnston's  'Place- 
names  of  Scotland ') ;  Lasham  in  Hampshire ; 
and  Witchingham  in  Norfolk  =  Wiccan-ham, 
the  witch's  village,  or  the  village  near  some 
(supposed)  bewitched  tree  (Flavell  Edmunds's 
'  Traces  of  History  in  the  Names  of  Places '). 
The  hundred  of  Brocash,  in  Herefordshire, 
was  so  called  from  a  great  ash  under  which 
meetings  of  the  hundred  were  held  (Nash's 
*  Hist,  of  Worcestershire,' vol.  i.  p.  lix).  While, 
as  is  well  known,  hivit  is  the  Anglo-Saxon 
for  white,  as  Whitchurch,  Hants,  this  sense 
in  Whitty-Tree  would  appear  to  be  meaning- 
less. J.  HOLDEN  MACMIC'HAEL. 

DOCUMENTS  IN  SECRET  DRAWERS  (10th  S.  i. 
427,  474).— A  singular  instance  of  the  dis- 
covery of  a  secret  drawer  happened  to  a 
cousin  of  mine  now  dead.  He  had  not  long 
left  school,  and  was  residing  with  his  father, 
whose  old  house  and  estate  had  been  possessed 
by  the  family  through  successive  generations 
from  1300.  The  estate  not  having  been 
mortgaged,  the  title-deeds  and  family  papers 
of  the  owners  had  been  kept  in  an  ancient 
oak  muniment  chest  from  time  immemorial. 
The  chest  was  deep  and  massive ;  the  bottom 
of  it  slightly  raised  at  each  corner  from  the 
ground.  My  cousin  at  the  time  I  mention 
had  been  trying  to  decipher  some  of  the 
documents  in  the  chest  which  had  interested 


him.  Not  being  an  early  riser,  he  often 
noticed  the  chest,  which  stood  in  his  bed- 
room. From  frequent  examinations  as  he 
lay  in  bed  before  getting  up,  he  became 
convinced  that  there  was  more  space  in  the 
chest  than  he  was  acquainted  with.  After 
some  days  of  persevering  search  he  found  at 
the  bottom  of  the  chest  a  secret  drawer, 
which  opened  from  the  outside,  but  so» 
ingeniously  concealed  that  it  had  escaped 
discovery  since  the  time  of  the  Civil  Wars. 
The  secret  drawer,  when  opened,  was  found 
to  contain  some  deeds  and  family  documents, 
some  old  trinkets,  a  pair  of  old-fashioned 
gauntlet  gloves,  and  an  ancient  snuff-box,, 
probably  belonging  to  the  Royalist  ancestor 
who  placed  the  relics  in  the  secret  drawer. 
A  portrait  in  profile  of  Charles  I.,  in  silver, 
adorned  the  snuff-box  lid.  There  were  some 
other  relics  which  at  this  period  of  time  I  do 
not  remember.  HUBERT  SMITH. 

Brooklynne,  Leamington  Spa. 

A  few  years  ago  a  Bull  of  Pope  Nicolas  V., 
settling  some  disputes  among  the  religious 
orders  in  Spain,  was  discovered  in  a  secret 
drawer  in  a  beautifully  carved  mediaeval 
wooden  cabinet,  which  was  soon  after  ex- 
ported, unluckily,  to  Mexico.  The  text  of 
the  Bull,  which  had  lain  hidden  and  forgotten 
for  over  four  hundred  years,  was  published 
in  the  Boletin  of  the  Real  Academia  de  la 
Historia  of  Madrid  ;  but  it  was  not  pointed 
out  whether  the  document  had  been  written 
in  Rome,  or  whether  it  was  a  copy  made  by 
a  Spanish  scribe.  E.  S.  DODGSON. 

THOMAS  PIGOTT  (10th  S.  i.  489).— In  a  little 
pamphlet  published  this  year,  'Parishes  of 
Mountmellick  and  Rosenallis,'  compiled  by 
W.  R.,  B.D.,  M.R.I.A.,  among  the  rectors  is. 
given  the  name  of  Thomas  Pigott,  "  1812,. 
Jan.  20th,  instituted,  B.A.Dublin  Oct.,  1791, 
youngest  son  of  Thomas  Pigott,  of  Knapton,. 
Queen's  Co.,  and  brother  to  Sir  George  Pigott, 
Baronet;  died  in  1834."  The  Rev.  Peter 
Westenra  (married  to  Elizabeth  Pigott)  isr 
given  in  a  list  of  Rosonallis  curates  in  1766, 
but  must  have  resigned  in  1780,  as  the 
Rev.  John  Baldwin  (sen.)  was  appointed  that 
year.  The  old  name  of  the  conjoint  parishes- 
of  Rosenallis  and  Mountmellick  was  Oregan. 
Near  where  I  write  this  there  is  a  ruined 
building,  destroyed  by  fire,  I  believe,  about 
fifty  years  ago — Kilcavan  House.  The  land 
was  sold  by  a  Mr.  Pigott  a  few  years  ago. 

FRANCESCA. 

BEATING  THE  BOUNDS  :  ITS  ORIGIN  (10th  S. 
i  489). — The  Rogation  processions  (three 
days  before  Ascension  Day,  and  following 
Rogation  Sunday)  were  instituted  by 


114 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [10*  s.  n.  AUG.  6, 1904 


Mamertus,  Bishop  of  Vienne,  who  first 
ordered  them  to  be  observed  about  the 
middle  of  the  fifth  century,  when  the  city 
of  Vienne,  in  Dauphine,  was  greatly  injured 
by  earthquakes,  and  the  royal  palace 
destroyed  by  lightning  (Gregory  of  Tours, 
in  his  'History  of  the  Franks,'  ii.  34,  and 
Le  Cointe's  '  Ecclesiastical  Annals  of  France,' 
1665,  p.  285).  The  spiritual  benefits  accruing 
to  this  observance  suggested  to  other  bishops 
its  use,  and  it  became  an  annual  institution 
of  the  Church. 

The  secular  perambulation  of  the  parish 
boundaries,  with  its  accompanying  Dump- 
ings and  castigations,  appears  to  have  been 
derived  from  the  festivals  of  Terminus  called 
Terminalia,  when  the  worship  of  the  Roman 
god  of  territorial  bounds  and  limits  was 
celebrated  always  in  the  open  air— even  his 
temple  being  open  at  the  top— the  peasants 
crowning  the  landmarks  with  garlands,  and 
offering  libations  of  milk  and  wine,  with  the 
sacrifice  of  a  lamb  or  young  pig.  These 
libations  may  be  said  to  survive  as  part  and 
parcel  of  the  present  custom  of  beating  the 
bounds,  especially  as  it  occurs  triennially 
at  the  Tower  of  London,  where,  towards  the 
«nd  of  the  ceremony  in  1897,  a  long  table  was 
set  out  with  buns,  and  sundry  assortments  of 
the  wines  that  are  red.  Perhaps  it  was  at 
the  Reformation  that  the  religious  features 
of  the  ceremony  were  relinquished.  As  to 
the  bum  pings  and  beatings,  these  were 
evidently  intended  as  aids  to  the  memory, 
and  probably  some  similar  form  was  gone 
through  in  the  ceremonies  peculiar  to  the 
worship  of  Terminus,  the  god  of  boundaries— 
a  worship  said  to  have  been  instituted  by 
Numa,  who  ordered  that  every  one  should 
signify  the  confines  of  his  landed  estate 
by  boundary  stones  consecrated  to  Jupiter, 
upon  which  sacrifices  were  offered  annually. 
Can  it  therefore  be  that  the  whippings  and 
bumpings  were  substitutes  for  the  non- 
Christian  sacrifice  of  Roman  Britain?  And 
why  were,  and  are,  willow-w&nds  so  often 
used  ?  With  regard  to  the  Roman  boundary- 
marks  of  stone,  it  is  further  remarkable  that 
it  is  the  stone  posts  in  the  river  that  are 
bumped  by  the  Court  of  the  Watermen's 
Company  of  the  City  of  London,  when  the 
beadles  subject  the  Worshipful  Master  of  the 
Company  to  this  ordeal,  the  utility  of  which 
can  only  be  justified  by  the  consideration 
tnat  the  exact  locality  of  the  stones  was 
probably  rendered  less  transient  in  the 
memory  of  the  victim  than  the  bruises 
occasioned  by  the  impact. 

The  custom  of  bumping,  or  beating  the 
bounds,  survives  also,  to  this  day,  in  the 


parish  of  St.  Andrew  Uridershaft  in  the  City, 
and  in  the  Royal  Manor  of  Dunstable.  The 
following,  from  Bishop  Gibson's  '  Codex  Juris 
Ecclesiastic!  Anglicani,'  1761,  vol.  i.  p.  253, 
would  seem  to  indicate  that  the  peculiarly 
religious  aspect  of  the  processions  was  abro- 
gated by  Queen  Elizabeth,  or,  at  all  events, 
the  peculiarly  Catholic  aspect  of  them  : — 

"In  our  Liturgy,  there  is  no  particular  Service 
appointed  for  the  Rogation  Days ;  but  there  are 
Four  Homilies,  specially  provided  to  be  read  with 
the  ordinary  Service,  on  the  Three  Days  before, 
and  on  the  Fourth,  namely,  Ascension,  or  the  Day 
of  Perambulation  ;  and  in  the  Injunctions  of  Queen 
Elizabeth,  where  Processions  are  forbidden,  and  a 
reservation  made  for  Perambulations,  it  is  provided 
That  the  Curate  in  the  said  common  Perambula- 
tions (used  heretofore  in  the  Days  of  Rogation),  at 
certain  convenient  places,  shall  Admonish  the 
People  to  give  Thanks  to  God,  in  the  beholding  of 
God  s  Benefits,  for  the  increase  and  abundance  of 
his  fruits  upon  the  face  of  the  Earth." 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

An  answer  to  this  query  will  be  found  in 
any  of  the  following  popular  works,  which 
are  easy  of  access :  Brand's  *  Popular 
Antiquities,'  i.  123 ;  Chambers's  *  Book  of 
Days,'  i.  582-5  ;  All  the  Year  Round,  1  S.  xviii. 
300 ;  2  S.  xxviii.  443.  The  Northampton  Herald, 
11  July,  1903,  contains  an  account  from  very 
early  days,  under  the  title  '  Lore  of  the 
Church,'  by  your  esteemed  correspondent 
MR.  J.  T.  PAGE,  which  gives  a  list  of  places 
where  the  custom  is,  or  was  recently  observed. 

See  also  3rd  S.  vi. ;  5th  S.  vii.,  viii. ;  6th  S.  iii.  ; 
8th  S.  ii.  EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

*  DIE  AND  BE  DAMNED  '  (10th  S.  i.  328,  491). 
— In  the  first  number  of  the  Newcastle  Chro- 
nicle, bearing  the  date  24  March,  1764,  is  a 
long  advertisement  of  books  on  sale  by  the 
publishers,  and  among  them  are  two  by  Mr. 
Mortimer — *  Die  and  be  Damned  '  and  another 
— as  follows  : — 

Very  necessary  to  be  read  by  those  who  have, 
or  who  intend  to  invest  their  Property  in  the  Funds, 
or  to  Purchase  Tickets,  Shares  or  Chances  in  the 
present  Lottery. 

This  Day  is  published  in  a  neat  Pocket  Volume, 
Price  sewed  Two  Shillings,  a  New  Edition,  being 
the  Fifth,  with  great  improvements,  of  '  Every  Man 
His  Own  Broker :  Or  a  Guide  to  Exchange- Alley.' 
In  which  the  Nature  of  the  several  Funds,  vulgarly 
called  the  Stocks,  is  clearly  explained  ;  And  the 
Mystery  and  Iniquity  of  Stock- Jobbing  laid  before 
the  Public  in  a  New  and  Impartial  Light.  Also 
the  Method  of  Transferring  Stock,  of  raising  the 
annual  Supplies  granted  by  Parliament ;  the  Manner 
of  subscribing  and  of  buying  and  selling  Subscription 
Receipts,  of  buying  and  selling  India  Bonds,  Lottery 
Tickets,  Life  Annuities,  and  other  Government 
Securities,  without  the  Assistance  of  a  Broker,  is 
made  intelligible  to  the  Meanest  Capacity  ;  and  an 
Account  is  given  of  the  Laws  in  Force  relative  to 


10*  s.  ii.  AU«.  6, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


115 


Brokers,  Clerks  at  the  Bank,  &c.    A  Table,  for  the 
Benefit  of  those  who  live  in  the  Country,  shewing 
the  Days  and  Hours  of  transferring  the  differen 
Stocks  and  Annuities,  and  the  Time  of  paying  the 
Dividends:  Also,  a  new  Table  of  Interest,  calcu 
lated  at  5  per  Cent.,  for  the  Use  of  the  presen 
Proprietors  of  India  Bonds.    To  which  is  added  ar 
Appendix,  giving  a  full  Account  of  Banking  and  o 
the  Sinking  Fund  ;  and  a  new  Table  which  exhibit 
at  one  View  the  intrinsic  Value  per  Cent,  of  the 
several  public  Funds,  and  the  Proportion  they  bea 
to  each  other,  and  what  Proportion  such  Purchase 
bears  to  the  Value  of  Landed  Estates  and  Life 
Annuities. 

BY  MR.  MORTIMER. 
Quid  f admit  lege*,  ubi  sola  pecunia  regnant. 

London :  Printed  for  S.  Hooper,  of  Caesar's  Head 
the  Corner  of  the  New  Church  in  the  Strand  ;  anc 
sold  by  R.  Akenhead,  T.  Slack,  J.  Barber,  W 
Charnley,  and  J.  Fleming,  Booksellers,  in  Newcastle 
and  by  all  Booksellers  in  Great  Britain  and  Ireland 

Of  whom  may  be  had,  by  the  same  Author,  A 
new  Edition,  being  the  Fourth,  of 

DIE  AND  BE  DAMNED. 
(Price  One  Shilling.) 

About  these  Newcastle  booksellers  it  may 
be  interesting  to  some  collector  if  I  add  that 
T.  Slack  was  the  founder  of  the  Newcastle 
Chronicle,  and  that  J.  (Joseph)  Barber  was 
the  great-grandfather  of  Joseph  Barber  Light 
foot,  Bishop  of  Durham  from  1879  to  1889. 
RICHARD  WELFORD. 

BUNNEY  (10th  S.  i.  489 ;  ii.  13).— Bunny  is 
the  name  of  a  parish  in  Nottinghamshire. 
I  have  lately  heard  that  rabbits  are  so 
numerous  in  Bunny  Park,  that  when  it  was 
the  scene  of  a  military  encampment  those 
little  animals  ran  over  the  bodies  of  the  men 
sleeping  in  the  tents,  and  their  burrows 
added  something  to  the  dangers  of  the 
campaign.  I  hasten  to  say  that  I  do  not 
believe  that  this  fact  gives  any  etymological 
clue ;  neither  do  I  regard  with  favour  the 
teaching  of  an  epitaph  which  is,  or  was,  in 
York  Minster,  though  my  incredulity  may 
be  misplaced  :— 

Haec  senis  Edmundi  Bunne  est  quern  cernis  imago, 
A  quo  Bunnjei  villula  nomen  habet, 

Drake,  p.  509  ;  Gent,  p.  108. 
In    English   the    gentleman's    surname  was 
Bunny,  and   he  was  at  some  time  rector  of 
Bolton  Percy.  ST.  SWITHIN. 

Dr.  Joyce,  in  his  *  Irish  Place-names,'  gives 
bun— the  bottom  or  end  of  anything.  It  is 
very  often  applied  to  the  end,  that  is  the 
mouth,  of  a  river,  as  in  Bunnyconnellan, 
Bunnynubber.  Perhaps  the  children's  name 
for  a  rabbit,  bunny,  is  derived  from  the 
burrows  or  holes  from  which  it  emerges,  as  I 
have  heard  children  call  it  both  bunny-rabbit 
and  bunny-puss.  A  local  name  for  snapdragon 
is  bunny-mouth.  RED  CROSS. 

Brading,  I.W. 


WINCHESTER  COLLEGE  VISITATION,  1559 
(10th  S.  ii.  45).— The  Act  of  Uniformity 
(1  Eliz.  c.  2)  came  into  force  on  24  June, 
1559,  and  we  know  something  of  what  there- 
upon happened  at  Winchester  from  at  least 
two  sources. 

1.  On  27  June,  Bishop  Quadra  wrote  to 
the  King  of  Spain  a  letter  containing  this 
statement : — 

"The  news  is  that  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
Winchester  they  have  refused  to  receive  the 
church  service  book,  which  is  the  office  which 
these  heretics  have  made  up,  and  the  clergy  of  the 
diocese  have  assembled  to  discuss  what  they  should 
do.  No  mass  was  being  said,  whereat  the  congre- 
gations were  very  disturbed."  —  '  Calendar  of 
Spanish  State  Papers,  Eliz.,  1558-67,'  p.  79. 

2.  Further  particulars  are  supplied  by  a 
letter  which  the  Marquis  of  Winchester  sent 
to  Sir  William  Cecil  on  30  June  ('  St.  P.,  Dom., 
Eliz.,'  vol.  iv.   No.  72;    'Calendar,  1547-80,' 
p.  133).    The  original  letter  begins  thus  :— 

"  After  my  right  hearty  commendations  this 
friday  mornynge  I  sent  you  my  son  St.  John's 
letter  sent  me  from  Hampshire  with  other  writings 
made  by  the  Dean  and  Canons  of  the  Cathedrall 
church  and  from  the  Warden  and  Fellows  of  the 
new  College  and  from  the  Mr  of  Seintcrosse, 
Whereby  it  appeareth  they  leave  their  services 
and  enter  no  new,  by  cause  it  is  against  their 
conscience  as  it  appeareth  by  their  writings; 
wheryn  order  must  be  taken  with  letters." 

The  rest  of  this  letter  shows  the  Marquis's 
desire  that  the  matter  should  be  dealt  with 
by  the  Privy  Council  early  in  the  following 
week.     Unfortunately  the  register  of   the 
acts  of  the  Council  between  12  May,  1559, 
and  28  May,   1562,  is  missing.     (See  'The 
Acts,'  N.S.  vol.  vii.  p.  104.)    It  seems  likely 
enough,  however,  that  the  Council  took  action, 
in  consequence  of  which  some  of  the  cathe- 
dral and  college  authorities,  including  Warden 
Stempe,   were   committed   to  the  Tower  of 
London,   and  that  he  and   others  obtained 
their    release   on    25    July,  as    recorded  in 
Machyn's  l  Diary,'  by  promises  to  obey  the 
Act  of  Uniformity.    If  this  be  what  really 
lappened,  their  imprisonment  was  not  the 
work  (as  MR.  WAINEWRIGHT  suggests)  of  the 
commissioners  appointed  in  the  summer  of 
1559    to  visit   the  dioceses   of  Canterbury, 
Rochester,  Chichester,  and  Winchester.  These 
commissioners    were    apparently    appointed 
under  the  Act  of  Supremacy  (1  Eliz.,  c.  1), 
but  the  exact  date  of  the  appointment  has 
eluded  research  (see  Dixon's  '  History  of  the 
.hurch    of    England,'    v.    128,    129).       MR. 
WAINEWRIGHT,  however,  has,  at   any  rate, 
wrought    to  light    a    little -known    fact,  as 
Stempe's    imprisonment    is   not    mentioned 
either  in  Mr.   Kirby's  'Annals'  or  in    Mr. 
Leach's  '  History '  of  the  college ;  and  it  is 


116 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [10*  s.  n.  AUG.  e, 


worthy  of  notice  that  not  only  Stempe,  but 
his  predecessors  in  the  office  of  Warden,  John 
White,  the  Bishop  of  Winchester,  and  John 
Boxall,  Mary's  Secretary  of  State,  went  to 
the  Tower  in  the  first  year  of  Elizabeth's 
reign.  Stempe  was  one  of  the  commissioners 
appointed  in  1556  to  visit  the  diocese  of 
Winchester,  and  one  cannot  therefore  be  sur- 
prised to  learn  that  he  hesitated  to  accept 
the  changes  which  followed  Elizabeth's  acces- 
sion. 

The  following  notes  may  assist  MR.  WAINE- 
WRIGHT  in  his  search  for  information  about 
the  Wykehamists  mentioned  in  his  list : — 

1.  William  Adkins  died,  a  fellow  of  the 
college,  on   18  December,   1561.    His    brass 
still  remains  in  the  college  cloisters,  and  the 
inscription  was  printed  at  2nd  S.  ii.  195. 

2.  Thomas  Crane,  the  fellow,  was  presum- 
ably Thomas  Crane  who  compounded  for  the 
first  fruits  of  Winnall  Kectory,   Hants,  on 
1  March,  1553/4. 

3.  John  Durston,  the  fellow,  compounded 
for  the  prebend  of  Bursalis,  Chichester,  on 
29  June,  1554.    His  successor,  William  Long- 
ford or  Langford,   compounded  on  2  July, 
1560. 

5.  Nicholas  Langrysshe,  the  fellow,  is  said 
(Kirby's  '  Scholars,'  p.  9)  to  have  been  vicar 
of  East  Meon,  Hants.    Edward  Banks,  M.A., 
compounded   for   this  vicarage  24  October, 
1559,  having  been  presented  thereto  by  letters 
patent  dated  13  October  (Patent  Roll,  1  Eliz., 
part  1).    The  letters  patent  state  that  the 
living  was  vacant  by   the  last  incumbent's 
death    (name    not    given),    and    they    are 
addressed  to  Thomas  Beacon,  Robert  Weston, 
and    Robert  Nowell,   three   of  the  commis- 
sioners appointed  to  visit  the  four  dioceses 
mentioned  above. 

6.  Roger  Jamys,  the  fellow,  is  said  (Kirby, 
p.  9)  to  have  been  rector  of  Bradford  Peverel, 
Dorset  (a  college  living).    His  name  is  not  in 
the  list  of  rectors  in  Hutchins's  *  Dorset,'  ii. 
538  (1863),  but  that  list  has  a  gap  between 
the  death  of  Robert  Roberts  (circa  1552)  and 
the  institution  of  Robert  Meaber  (1563). 

H.  C. 

TROOPING  THE  COLOURS  (10th  S.  ii.  49).— It 
is  quite  correct  to  speak  of  "Trooping  the 
Colour"  and  "The  Troop  of  the  Colour," 
inasmuch  as  on  nearly  every  occasion  of  the 
kind  referred  to  only  one  colour  is  used. 
But  "  The  Troop,"  as  part  of  the  ceremonies 
observed  at  the  mounting  of  guards  in  a 
garrison,  is,  historically,  quite  independent 
of  there  being  any  colour.  Military  dic- 
tionaries of  about  the  year  1705  show  that 
the  "Assembly"  and  the  "Troop"  were  the 
same  drum-beat ;  and  in  Humphrey  Bland's 


'Military  Discipline,'  fourth  edition,  1740r 
pp.  154-6,  we  find  an  account  of  the  elaborate 
ceremony  then  performed  at  the  mounting  of 
garrison  guards,  in  which  no  mention  is  made 
of  a  colour. 

A  few  short  extracts  may  be  of  interest : — 
"The  regiment  which  mounts  the  Main-Guard 
draws  up  on  the  right  of  the  parade  ;  the  detach- 
ments of  the  other  regiments  are  to  draw  up  accord- 
ing to  the  Lot  drawn  for  them.    The  reason  why 

they  draw  for  their  posts  appears  as  follows 

Should  the  regiments  have  a  fixed  post  on  the- 
parade,  by  drawing  up  constantly  by  seniority  of: 
regiments,  the  men  could  then  know  what  guard 
they  were  to  mount,  and  have  it  in  their  power  to 
carry  on  a  treacherous  correspondence  with  the 

enemy founded  on  sad  experience When  the 

guards  are  formed,  the  Drum-Major  with  all  the 
drummers  are  to  beat  the  Assembly  along  the  head 
of  the  guards,  marching  from  center  to  right, 

thence  to  left,  and  back  to  center During  the 

time  the  Assembly  is  beating,  all  the  officers  are  to- 

draw    lots    for    their  guards When  the  whole 

parade  is  to  be  exercised  together  the  eldest  officer 
is  to  proceed  as  is  directed  in  the  Exercising  of  a 
battalion,  but  to  go  no  farther  than  the  Manual 

Exercise As  soon  as  the  Exercise  is  over,  the- 

Town-Major  orders  the  guards  to  march  off." 

For  the  historical  development  of  the 
ceremonies  at  the  mounting  of  guards  in 

§arrisons,  see  also  Thomas  Reide's  *  Present 
ystem  of  Military  Discipline,'  1798,  pp.  52-7  ; 
'The  King's  Regulations,'  1837,  pp.  289-92; 
1  Standing  Orders  of  the  Garrison  of  Gibral- 
tar '  (various  dates).  "  The  Troop  "  at  guard- 
mounting  was  originally  the  beating  of  the 
"Assembly"  or  "Troop"  by  the  drummers 
along  the  front  of  the  line  of  soldiers  about 
to  mount  guard  in  a  garrison.  W.  S. 

A  detailed  description  of  this  ceremony 
will  be  found  in  the  "Infantry  Drill.  By 
Authority.  London,  Printed  for  Her  Majesty's 
Stationery  Office  by  Harrison  &  Sons,  St. 
Martin's  Lane."  I  have  the  edition  of  1892  ; 
see  p.  207.  It  is  too  long  to  copy.  The 
definition  of  the  'Century  Dictionary'  is, 
correct.  (Dr.)  G.  KRUEGER. 

Berlin. 

Has  the  sense  of  "  trooping  "  in  this  phrase- 
ever  been  made  clear  1  Does  it  not  mean 
"  drumming,"  i.e.,  saluting  by  beat  of  drum  % 
One  of  the  various  drum-beats  is  called  the 
"  Assembly  "  or  the  "  Troop,"  and  is  the  signal 
for  the  troops  to  repair  to  the  place  of  ren- 
dezvous, or  to  their  colours. 

J.   HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

The  colour,  in  the  singular,  is  correct,, 
because  it  is  only  the  regimental  colour  of 
the  regiment  finding  the  garrison  guards 
for  the  day  that  is  trooped.  The  actual 
manoeuvre  on  the  word  "Troop,"  given  by 
the  field  officer  of  the  day,  is  that  the  colour 


io*  s.  ii.  ALMS.  G,  1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


117 


with  its  escort  proceeds  in  slow,  time  down 
the  front  and  up  between  the  ranks  of  the 
guards  standing  at  the  "Present."     As  tx 
the  alleged  origin,  it  may  be  remarked  tha 
the  ceremonial    is  little  tie    to    regimen  ta 
officers,  only  one  or  two  subalterns  havin 
to  be  founcf  daily  for  guards  in  an  Englis 
garrison.  H.  P.  L. 

BUTCHER  HALL  STREET  (10th  S.  ii.  28).— 
Facts,  I  am    afraid,    do  not  bear  out  the 
•surmise  of  MR.  J.  S.  UDAL  as  to  the  former 
name  of  this  thoroughfare.    It  was  so  callec 
because,  after  the  Great  Fire,  Butchers'  Hal] 
was  erected  in  this  street.    The  name  King 
Edward  Street,  too,  was  bestowed  upon  it 
after  tthe    removal    of     Butchers'    Hall     to 
another  site,  not  from  any  loyal  or  patriotic 
motive,   but  from  its  historical  association 
with  the  ad  joining  Christ's  Hospital,  the  Blue 
•coat  School,  a  foundation  usually  ascribed 
not  too  accurately,   to   the  munificence  of 
King  Edward  VI.    MR.  UDAL  is  probably 
aware    that    before     the    Fire    of    London 
Newgate  Market  was  held  in  the  centre  of 
Newgate  Street  itself,  at  the  north-east  end, 
by  Cheapside,  close  to  Butchers'  Hall  Lane, 
which   street  was   then  known  as  Stinking 
Lane,    "on  account  of  the  nastiness  of  the 
place,  occasioned  by  the  slaughter-houses  in 
it."    A  market,  especially  of  such  a  character, 
held  in  the  open  road,  was  objectionable  in 
every  way,  not  least  owing  to  the  liability  of 
the  market  people  to  injury  to  life  or  limb 
from  the    ordinary    traffic    of    the    streets, 
aggravated  on  certain  days  by  the  herds  of 
frightened    cattle   driven    to    the   adjacent 
slaughter  -  houses ;     but    it    was    not    until 
13  April,  1749,  that  the  Dean  and  Chapter 
of  St.  Paul's  granted  the  lease  of  ground 
adjoining  Warwick   Lane,   on  the  opposite 
(south-western)  side  of  Newgate  Street,  to 
the  City  Fathers,    for    the    purposes   of   a 
market,  at  a  rental  of  4£.  per  year. 

F.  A.  RUSSELL. 

49,  Holbeach  Road,  Catford,  S.E. 

MR.  HUTCHINSON  falls,  I  think,  into  a 
•slight  error  when  he  speaks  of  "Butcher 
Hall  Street"  The  thoroughfare  was  known 
as  "  Butcher  Hall  Lane  "  until  it  was  changed 
to  "  King  Edward  Street,"  and  derived  its 
name  from  the  fact  that  the  Hall  of  the 
Butchers'  Company  was  situated  there,  built 
after  the  Fire  of  London,  before  which  the 
street  was  known  as  "  Stinking  Lane,"  on 
account  of  the  "  nastiness  of  the  place, 
occasioned  by  the  slaughter-houses  in  it" 
(see  Thomas  Allen's  *  Hist,  of  London,'  1828, 
vol.  iii.  p.  573).  Stow  says:  "Then  is 
Stinking-lane,  so  called,  or  Chick-lane,  at 


the  east  end  of  the  Grey  Friars'  Church,  and 
there  is  the  Butchers'  Hall"  (p.  118).  Simi- 
larly Blowbladder  Street  was  so  called  from 
the  bladders  sold  there  (Stow).  De  Foe, 
however,  seems  to  derive  it  from  the  fact  that 
the  butchers  were  accustomed  "  to  blow  up 
their  meat  with  pipes  to  make  it  look  thicker 
and  fatter  than  it  was,  and  were  punished 
there  for  it  by  the  Lord  Mayor"  ('Plague 
Year,'  ed.  Brayley,  p.  342).  Certainly  this 
was  a  fraudulent  custom  that  was  apparently 
well  known,  for  in  T.  Adams's  'Sermons,'  ii. 
141,  quoted  from  Nichol's  *  Puritan  Divines,' 
1861-2,  by  the  Rev.  T.  L.  O.  Davies  in  his 
most  instructive  work  'Bible  English,' 1875, 
occurs  the  sentence,  "  Wealth  is  the  quill  to 
blow  up  the  bladder  of  high-mindedness.'' 
I  do  not  think  there  ever  was  a  Butcher  Hail 
Lane  in  London. 

J.   HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

This  lane  was  never  designated  a  street 
until  a  roadway  was  formed  for  vehicular 
traffic  from  Newgate  Street  to  Little  Britain, 
about  the  year  1845.  Stow  (1603)  says : 
"  Then  is  Stinking-lane,  so  called,  or  Chick- 
lane,  at  the  east  end  of  the  Grey  Friars' 
Church,  and  there  is  the  Butchers'  Hall," 
from  which  it  doubtless  derived  its  name. 
It  is  also  given  in  Ogilby  and  Morgan's  '  Map 
of  London,'  1677,  as  "  Butcher  Hall  Lane." 

EVERARD   HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

'RoAD  SCRAPINGS'  (10th  S.  ii.  69).— These 
etchings  are  by  my  father,  Charles  Cooper 
Henderson,  who  always  signed  his  drawings 
and  pictures  C'H'O.  G.  B.  HENDERSON. 

3,  Bloomsbury  Place. 

His  name  was  Charles  Henderson,  and  he 
always  signed  his  works  C'H'O.  Amongst 
the  many  painters  of  coaching  scenes  he  is 
facile  princeps.  I  had  the  great  pleasure  of 
lis  acquaintance.  His  varied  experience  of 
coaching  in  its  best  time  assisted  him  in 
depicting  incidents  in  connexion  with  the 
road  in  the  most  masterly  manner. 

HAROLD  MALET,  Col. 

ST.  NINIAN'S  CHURCH  (10th  S.  ii.  68).— 
Besides  the  White  Church  at  Durham,  there 
appear  to  have  been  several  other  white 
churches  that  have  given  names  to  places — as 
Whitchurch,  Whitkirk,  &c.,  and  Whitechapei 
n  London  and  in  Yorkshire.  Is  it  not  pretty 
ertain  that  they  were  so  called  from  being 
whitewashed,  as  Candida  Casa  may  also  have 
>een?  One  of  St.  Wilfrid's  biographers,  I 
hink  Eddius,  speaking  of  the  churches  that 
he  saint  built  at  York,  Ripon,  and  Hex  ham, 
ays  with  reference  to  one  or  more  of  these, 
dapting  the  words  of  the  Psalmist,  supra 


118 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io<h  s.  n.  AUG.  6,  im 


nivem  dealbavit.  And  the  primitive  Koman- 
esque  tower  at  Winterton,  in  Lincolnshire,  has 
recently  been  found  to  be  built  against  the 
west  end  of  an  earlier  church,  plastered  and 
whitewashed  outside.  Specimens  of  the 
whitewashed  plaster  were  exhibited  by  me 
at  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  not  long  ago. 

J.  T.  F. 
Winterton,  Doncaster. 

MILTON'S  SONNET  xn.  (10th  S.  ii.  67).— The 
legend  of  Latona  and  the  rustics  turned  into 
frogs  is  given  in  Ovid's  'Metamorphoses,' 
sixth  book,  lines  331-81.  Haupt,  in  his  note 
to  line  317  of  the  same  book,  refers  to  Anto- 
ninus Liberalis,  cap.  35,  for  the  story. 
See  other  references  in  Wernicke's  article 
*  Apollon '  in  *  Pauly's  Encyclopaedic '  (1895), 
iv.  1,  4  and  5.  The  allusion  is  explained 
also  in  Masson's  note  to  this  sonnet  in  the 
"  Golden  Treasury  "  edition  of  '  Milton's 
Poetical  Works.'  OHEM. 

[Several  other  correspondents  thanked  for 
replies.] 

ST.  PATRICK  AT  ORVIETO  (10th  S.  j.  48,  131, 
174). — On  the  general  question  of  pozzi  di  S. 
Patrizio  (and  a  good  many  other  interesting 
matters),  see  a  paper  by  Prof.  Giusto  Grion 
in  the  Propugnatore  of  Bologna  for  1870 
(vol.  iii.  part  i.  pp.  67-149).  Q.  V. 

PUBLISHERS'  CATALOGUES  (10th  S.  ii.  50).— 
Towards  the  end  of  "The  Works  of  that 
Judicious  and  Learned  Divine,  Joseph  Mede, 
B.D.,  &c.  London,  printed  by  M.  F.  for  John 
Clark,  and  are  to  be  sold  at  his  Shop  under 
S.  Peters  Church  in  Cornhill,  1648,"  is  "A 
Catalogue  of  all  the  Books  published  by  the 
Authour,  and  printed  for  John  Clarke  under 
Saint  Peter's  Church  in  Cornhill."  This  cata- 
logue is  printed  on  a  leaf  between  the  title- 
page,  dated  1650,  and  the  text  of  the 
•*  HapaXeiirofjitva.  Remaines  on  Some  Pas- 
sages in  The  Revelation."  Clark  or  Clarke 
enumerates  ten  works  in  this  catalogue.  Two 
other  publishers  in  St.  Paul's  Churchyard 
(viz.,  Samuel  Man  at  the  "  Swan,"  and  Phile- 
mon Stephens  at  the  "  Gilded  Lion")  add  two 
each.  The  dates  of  the  works  range  from 
1638  to  1650. 

S.  Man  has  no  separate  catalogue  to  the 
works  he  published,  but  near  the  end  of 
those  issued  by  Stephens  is 

"A  Catalogue  of  the  Books  Written  by  Mr.  Joseph 
Mede  That  have  been  printed — '  Clavis  Appcalytica' 
in  Latine,  the  same  in  English,  both  reprinted  this 
present  year  1649.  With  the  said  Authours  Con- 
jecture touching  Gog  and  Magog.  For  Philemon 
Stephens  at  the  gilded  Lion  in  Pauls  Churchyard." 

Then  follow  Man's  and  Clark's  lists.  These 
two  catalogues  are  somewhat  earlier  than 


that   of    P.  Stephens    referred    to    by   MB. 
JAGGARD.  THOS.  F.  MANSON. 

FAIR  MAID  OF  KENT  (10th  S.  i.  289,  374  ;. 
ii.  59).— I  am  unable  to  trace  any  mention  of 
Joan,  Duchess  of  Brittany,  as  having  been  a 
daughter  of  the  Fair  Maid  of  Kent,  but  the 
following  notice  of  Maude,  extracted  from 
a  *  Companion  and  Key  to  the  History  of 
England,'  by  George  Fisher  (published  1832), 
gives  some  of  the  details  asked  for  : — 

"  Though  not  mentioned  by  any  of  our  historians, 
it  appears  almost  certain  that  Edward  [the  Black 
Prince]  had  also  a  daughter  named  Maud.  She 
was  married  to  Valeran  de  Luxembourg,  Count  of 
Ligny  and  St.  Paul.  This  appears  from  a  challenge 
sent  by  that  count  to  Henry  IV.,  King  of  England, 
in  which  are  these  words :  '  Considerant  I'affinit4r 
amour,  et  confederation  que  j'avoye  par  devers  tres 
haut  et  puissant  prince  Richard  roy  d'Angleterre, 
duquel  j'ay  eu  la  soeur  en  espouse'  (Monstrelet). 
This  Valeran  was  Constable  of  France,  and  one 
of  the  most  celebrated  partisans  of  the  Duke  of 
Burgundy  in  the  faction  which  desolated  France. 
He  died  in  1407,  and  had  a  daughter  named  Jane, 
who  was  first  wife  of  Anthony,  Duke  of  Burgundy, 
and  had  by  him  two  sons,  who  died  s.p.l." 

RONALD  DIXON. 
46,  Maryborough  Avenue,  Hull. 

BLACK  DOG  ALLEY,  WESTMINSTER  (10th 
S.  ii.  5).— Bowling  Alley  is  described  in  '  The 
Stranger's  Guide;  or,  Traveller's  Directory,' 
by  W.  Stow,  1721,  as  "  by  Tufton  Street,  W."' 
And  "Dog  Alley"  is  described  in  the  same- 
valuable  little  work  as  "by  the  Bowling. 
Alley,  W."  It  may  be  inferred,  therefore,, 
that  at  one  time  there  were  two  alleys  with 
two  distinct  names,  and  corroborative  of  this 
is  MK.  W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY'S  statement 
that  what  he  assumes  to  have  been  one  alley 
only  was  "  shaped  like  the  letter  L,  one  end 
branching  from  Great  College  Street,  and  the- 
other  portion  leading  into  that  part  of  Tufton 
Street  which  had  been  until  1869  known  as- 
Bowling  Street,  but  of  which  a  still  earlier 
name  had  been  Bowling  Alley,"  &c.  It  was. 
perhaps  the  lateral  stroke  of  the  L  that 
corresponded  to  Bowling  Alley,  where,  in  a 
house  at  the  south-west  corner,  died  the 
notorious  Col.  Blood  (24  Aug.,  1680).  The 
house,  says  Peter  Cunningham,  "  is  of  course 
no  longer  the  same,  but  drawings  of  it  exist."' 
It  is  difficult  to  account  for  the  close  prox- 
imity of  two  distinct  taverns  with  the  sign  of 
the  "  Black  Dog,"  although  the  sign  is  fairly 
common.  Yet  there  was  a  "Black  Dog"  in- 
King  Street,  Westminster,  a  house  frequented' 
by  Ben  Jonson  and  his  fellow  -  wits,  and 
noticed  by  Taylor  the  Water  Poet  in  his. 
*  Dogge  of  Warre ' ;  and  this  was  separated 
from  Black  Dog  Alley,  off  Great  College 
Street,  only  by  the  Abbey.  And  Black  Dog 


.  ii.  A™.  0,1901.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


119 


Alley  certainly  derived  its  name  from  a  sign 
of  the  "  Black  Dog,"  as  stated  in  '  London  and 
its  Environs,'  1761.  Could  there  have  been 
two  taverns  in  such  close  proximity,  there- 
fore ?  or  did  the  alley  derive  its  name  from 
the  historic  old  resort  in  King  Street  1  Pepys, 
in  his  'Diary,'  under  the  date  10  October, 
1666,  the  fast-day  for  the  Great  Fire,  notes 
that  he  "  went  with  Sir  W.  Batten  to  West- 
minster, to  the  parish  church,  St.  Margarets, 
where  were  the  parliament  men,  and  Stilling- 
fleet  in  the  pulpit ;  so  full,  no  standing  there, 
so  he  and  I  eat  herrings  at  the  Dog  Tavern." 
Black  Dog  Alley,  in  College  Street,  Westmin- 
ster, is  described  in  Elrnes's  *  Topographical 
Dictionary '  as  **  the  third  turning  on  the 
left  from  No.  18,  Abingdon  Street,  the  corner 
of  Bowling  Street." 

J.   HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 
Lean's  Collectanea:  Collections  of  Vincent  Stucltey 

Lean.  (Bristol,  Arrowsmith.) 
IN  four  volumes — or  virtually  in  five,  since  what 
is  called  the  second  volume  is  in  two  parts,  sepa- 
rately bound  —  we  have  here  one  of  the  most 
important  contributions  ever  made  to  the  class  of 
studies  it  is  our  special  aim  to  further.  Readers  of 
*  N.  &  Q.'  are  familiar  with  the  signature  of  V.  S. 
Lean,  whose  contributions  were  dated  not  seldom 
from  the  Windham  Club,  and  showed  a  store  of 
erudition  concerning  folk-lore  and  superstitions, 
proverbial  phrases,  archaic  and  forgotten  words, 
and  most  things  that  are  out  of  fashion  and  obso- 
lete. During  a  long  life  of  cultivated  leisure,  of  which 
a  considerable  portion  was  spent  in  travel,  often 
on  foot,  Mr.  Lean  preserved  carefully  whatever  he 
heard  or  read  concerning  local  sayings  or  customs. 
His  collection  he  bequeathed  to  the  British  Museum, 
to  which  he  also  left  50.000/.  for  the  rearrangement 
and  improvement  of  the  Reading  Room.  Both 
bequests  were  accepted  by  the  authorities.  With 
a  view  of  rendering  them  more  easily  accessible  to 
the  student,  the  MSS.  have,  by  the  permission  of 
the  executors  and  of  the  Trustees,  been  published 
under  the  care  of  Mr.  T.  W.  Williams,  whose 
editorial  labours  have  been  confined  to  arrange- 
ment, the  expansion  of  references,  and  the  supply- 
ing of  an  exemplary  index. 

A  collection  such  as  now  given  to  the  world  is, 
in  its  line,  unparalleled  except  in  our  own  columns. 
Of  how  much  use  these  have  been  to  Mr.  Lean  is 
shown  in  the  fact  that  a  large  slice  of  the  fourth 
volume  consists  of  contributions  to  'N.  &  Q.,'  re- 
printed, by  permission,  from  our  columns,  together 
with  our  comments  upon  the  death  of  our  corre- 
spondent. Mr.  Lean's  articles  began  in  the  Third 
Series  and  extended  to  the  close  of  the  Eighth,  the 
last  appearing  at  8th  8.  xii.  135.  A  formidable  list  of 
authorities  is  also  supplied.  If  ever  there  was  a 
book  that  merited  the  title  assigned  to  the  two 
apocryphal  treatises  of  Smalgruenius,  '  De  Omni- 
bus Rebus  et  quibusdam  aliis,'  it  is  this.  A  mere 
list  of  subjects  occupies  more  than  a  hundred  pages 


n  double  columns.  Little  attempt  at  arrangement 
8  obvious,  though  efforts  have  been  made  to  faci- 
litate the  use  of  the  books  by  filling  out  references,. 
many  of  which  remain  obscure.  Some  of  them  must 
have  been  intended  as  helps  to  memory,  and  cannot 
easily  be  solved  by  anybody  except  the  original 
copier.  Attempts  at  a  species  of  classification  are 
often  begun  and  as  often  abandoned,  and  the  only 
safe  way  to  reach  the  stores  is  to  use  freely  the 
index.  Take,  for  instance,  at  a  venture,  a  subject 
such  as  burial,  with  the  face  downwards  or  other- 
wise. We  find  references  to  JtfeZTiMMMjl,  Paul 
Lacroix's  '  Le  Moyen  Age,'  Tylor's  '  Primitive  Cul- 
ture,' Bede,  Shakespeare's  'Hamlet,'  and  'The 
Master  of  Oxford's  Catechism.'  Had  we  an  inter- 
leaved copy,  a  most  desirable  possession,  we  would 
add,  from  'Festus,'  the  injunction  that  the  man 
who  will  not  fight  for  his  country  shall  be  buried 
with  his  face  downward,  "looking  to  Hell."  We 
might  quote  from  the  volumes  endlessly.  Much  of 
the  folk-lore  is,  of  course,  familiar.  Every  one 
knows  the  superstition  that  a  pig  in  swimming' 
against  the  tide  cuts  its  own  throat.  Who,  how- 
ever, knows  the  kindred  belief,  given  in  N  ash's 
'  Unfortunate  Traveller,'  that  "  the  hog  dieth  pre- 
sently if  he  lose  an  eye  "  or  that  "  the  habitual  use- 
of  rice  as  a  diet  causes  blindness  "  ?  A  remarkably 
wide  range  of  reading  is  displayed.  Early  writers, 
those  especially  of  Tudor  and  Stuart  times,  are  con- 
tinually used,  as  are  French,  Italian,  and  German 
authors  of  the  same  date.  Many  of  our  own  con- 
tributors are  frequently  quoted,  as  Mr.  Edward 
Peacock  and  Dr.  Smytne  Palmer.  We  have  not 
attempted  to  give  a  just  idea  of  the  work,  since  the- 
task  is  not  to  be  essayed.  Each  volume  and  every 
page  contains  matter  of  interest.  With  or  without 
acknowledgment,  books  are  sure  to  be  drawn  from, 
its  inexhaustible  pages.  To  the  studious  anti- 
quary it  is  invaluable,  indispensable,  and  every 
scholar  will  be  thankful  to  possess  it.  We  know 
not  if  the  study  of  the  contents  is  more  pleasurable- 
or  useful.  In  its  way  it  stands  alone,  a  book  to  be 
dipped  into  or  read  with  equal  delight.  We  might 
almost  say  that  the  possessor  of  these  volumes  need 
never  have  a  dull  moment.  Of  course  additions 
might  be  made.  It  may  interest  our  readers  and 
advantage  students  to  know  that  *  N.  &  Q.'  is  indi- 
cated by  the  simple  initial  N.,  as  "  '  When  quality 
meet  compliments  pass,'  N.,  VIII.  ix.  452."  Apart 
from  other  claims  on  admiration  and  affection,  it  is 
in  all  bibliographical  respects  delightful,  a  book  to 
gladden  the  neart  of  a  connoisseur.  A  portrait  and 
a  book-plate  of  Mr.  Lean  are  given,  as  well  as  some 
facsimiles  of  his  very  neat  writing. 

England    in    the   Mediterranean,    1603-1713.      By 

Julian  S.  Corbett.    2  vols.    (Longmans  &  Co.) 
THESE  two  interesting  and  important  volumes  con- 
stitute a  continuation  of  the  '  Drake  and  the  Tudor 
Navy '  and  '  The  Successors  of  Drake '  of  the  same 
author.      If   they  form    less    stimulating   reading 
than  their  predecessors,  it  is  because  the  period  of 
adventure  was,  in  a  sense,  over,  and  because  kings  in 
the  days  of  the  Stuarts  had  no  such  subjects,  and 
!  subjects  no  such  kings,  as  in  the  days  of  Queen  Bess. 
|  With  monarchs  such  as  James  I.,  slaying  abjectly 
i  his    greatest   captain    at    the    bidding  of    Spain  ; 
j  Charles  I.,  too  embroiled  in  difficulties  to  be  able  to 
!  preserve  his  own  kingdom  or  life ;  and  Charles  II. 
and  James  II.,  veritable  pensioners  on  France,  the 
naval  power  of   England  was  little  likely  to  be 
fostered,  and  though  abundant  deeds  of  heroism. 


120 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  IL  AUG.  e,  iw*. 


have  to  be  chronicled,  it  is  only  during  the  perioc 
of  the  Commonwealth  and  Cromwell  and  after  th 
accession  of  William  and  Mary  that  the  histori 
record  can  be  read  with  much  gratification. 

The  substance  of  the  volumes  was  delivered  i 
the  shape  of  lectures  constituting  the  Senior  an 
Flag  Officers'  War  Courses  at  Greenwich  or  the  For< 
'lectures  on  English  history,  the  whole  being  pre 
«ented  in  a  complete  form  "  on  the  not  inappropriate 
occasion  of  the  tercentenary  [?]  of  the  capture  o 
-Gibraltar."    Sharing  the  views  lately  inculcated  a 
to  the  value  of  sea  power,  Mr.  Corbett  finds  in  the 
-development  of  English  naval  power  in  the  Medi 
terranean  not  only  a  fascinating  study,  but  a  lamp 
that,  kindled  in  Stuart  times,  has  illumined  sub 
sequent  history,  and  "  will  even  touch  Nelson  with 
A  new  radiance."     The    mere  presence  in  Medi 
terranean  waters  of  an  English  fleet  has  had  poteni 
effects  upon   European    history,  and   contributec 
•greatly  to  the  success  of  the  arms  of  Marlborougl 
and  the  defeat  of  Louis  XIV.    More  than  a  hundrec 
years  of  effort,  often  heroic  and  as  often  abortive,  hac 
to  be  spent  before,  with  the  conquest  of  Gibraltar. 
Britain  obtained  a  firm  basis.    In  the  proceedings 
•of  John  Ward,  the  pirate,  better  known  as  Capt. 
Ward,  who  from  Tunis  preyed  upon  the  Venetians, 
the  Knights  of  St.  John,  and  all  others,  except— a 
-doubtful  exception — his  own  countrymen,  Mr.  Cor- 
bett finds  the  beginning   of   English  occupation. 
Not,  however,  until  the  seizure  of  Tangier,  accepted 
in  1662  as  the  price  of  the  relinquishment  of  Dun- 
'kirk,  was    England  "  undisputed   master  of   the 
seas."   Not  long  was  our  dominion  established  over 
it,  and  on  5  March,  1684,  "  the  fleet  weighed,  and 
Tangier  ceased  to  be  a  British  possession."    At  the 
•close  of  July.  1704,  Gibraltar  yielded  to  the  English 
and  Dutch  fleets  under  Sir  George  Rooke.    The 
establishment  of   an  English  fleet   in   the  Medi- 
terranean now  begins,  but  a  record  of  its  deeds  will 
have  to  be  reserved  for  a  further  continuation  of 
Mr.  Corbett' s  fascinating  work.   Illustrations  to  the 
present  volumes  consist  of  a  view  of  Tangier  in 
1669,  a  coloured  map  to  illustrate  British  action  in 
the  Mediterranean,  and  a  map  of  Gibraltar  in  1705. 

Hichard  Crashaw :  Steps  to  the  Temple,  Delights  of 
the  Muses,  and  other  Poems.  Edited  by  A.  R. 
Waller.  (Cambridge,  University  Press.) 
Itf  the  "  Cambridge  English  Classics  "  are  included 
the  whole  of  Crashaw's  poems,  English  and  Latin, 
now  for  the  first  time  collected  in  one  volume. 
Favoured,  indeed,  are  modern  readers  of  our  early 
f)oets.  We  well  remember  the  difficulty  in  obtain- 
ing the  early  editions  of  Crashaw,  the  only  forms 
in  which  the  poems  could  be  read.  Not  till  past 
•the  middle  of  the  last  century  was  any  attempt 
made  to  collect  them.  Two  editions  then  appeared, 
•one  of  fantastical  incorrectness  by  George  Gilfillan, 
and  a  second  by  W.  B.  D.  D.  Turnbull.  an  editor  of 
no  particular  discretion,  included  in  J.  R.  Smith's 
"Library  of  Old  Authors."  Grosart  next  made 
what  claims  to  be  a  collection  of  the  poems.  The 
present  is  by  far  the  best  and  the  most  serviceable 
•edition  that  has  yet  appeared.  Though  included 
among  English  classics,  the  volume  opens  with  the 
Epigrammatum  Sacror urn  Liber.'  This  irregularity 
will  be  readily  pardoned  by  those  who  value  the 
epigrams,  which,  in  spite  of  their  conceits,  are 
admirable.  The  best  known  is  that  on  the  miracle 
of  turning  the  water  into  wine : — 
Unde  rubor  vestris,  et  non  sua  purpura  lymphis  ? 
•Muse  rosa  mirantes  tarn  nova  rautat  aquas  ? 


Numen  (convivse)  prassens  agnoscite  Numen  : 

Nympha  pudica  Deum  vidit  et  erubuit. 
Aaron  Hill's  singularly  happy  translation,  ending 
The  modest  stream  hath  seen  its  Lord  and  blushed, 
is   perhaps    even   better   known.     Crashaw,  who 
inspired  Milton  and  Pope,  and  who  was  praised  by 
Cowley  and  Joseph  Beaumont,  both  of  them  his 
friends,  is  a  true  and  a  fine  poet.    Something  more 
than  content  is  inspired  by  the  possession  of  his 
entire  poems  in  so  delightful  an  edition.    He  was 
before  he  became  a  Roman  Catholic,  a  Fellow  of 
Peterhouse.  from  which  he  was  expelled  for  refusing 
to  sign  the  Covenant. 

THE  pretty  series  known  as  the  "  York  Library" 
of  Messrs.  Bell  &  Sons  has  been  enriched  by  the 
addition  of;  Coleridge's  Friend,  Miss  Burney's 
Evelina,  and  the  first  volume  of  Emerson's  Works 
in  four  volumes.  The  present  volume  of  Emerson 
contains  the  first  and  second  series  of  *  Essays  ' 
and  the  '  Representative  Men.' 

A  SELECTION  by  Mr.  Lloyd  Sanders  from  the 
poems  of  the  Anti-Jacobin,  with  later  poems  by 
Canning  (Methuen),  constitutes  a  readable  as  well 
as  a  pretty  book.  The  volume,  which  belongs  to 
the  "  Little  Library,"  is  accompanied  by  a  portrait 
of  Canning. 


ia 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices  :— 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
md  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
ication,  but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
pondents  must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
hp  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
uch  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ng  queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 

tries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 
>ut  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
leading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
lueries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
iiunieation  Duplicate." 

EDWARD  LATHAM  ("  In  matters  of  commerce  ").— 
See  the  query  at  10th  S.  i.  469,  and  the  last  sentence 
f  the  note  appended.  No  further  information  has 
seen  supplied. 

W.  T.  H.  ("  St.  Walburga's  Oil").—  See  1*  g.  x 
86,  or  Butler's  '  Lives  of  the  Saints,'  25  Feb. 

ERRATA.—  P.  92,  col.  2,  1.  34,  after  "  Latin,  1776  " 
)lace  a  semicolon,  and  for  "Hildgard  "  read  Hild- 
ard;  p.  97,  col.  2,  1.  21  from  foot,  for  "Damplish  " 
ead  Damlip. 

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is*  s.  IL  ACC.  e.  inoi]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

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NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  AUG.  is,  wo*. 

K  I  N  G'S 

CLASSICAL     AND     FOREIGN 

QUOTATIONS. 

NOW    READY. 

We  have  to  announce  a  new  edition  of  this  Dictionary.  It  first  appeared  at  the  end  of 
'87,  and  was  quickly  disposed  of.  A  larger  (and  corrected)  issue  came  out  in  the  spring  of 
1889,  and  is  now  out  of  print.  The  Third,  published  on  July  14,  contains  a  large 
accession  of  important  matter,  in  the  way  of  celebrated  historical  and  literary  sayings  and 
mots,  much  wanted  to  bring  the  Dictionary  to  a  more  complete  form,  and  now  appearing  in 
its  pages  for  the  first  time.  On  the  other  hand,  the  pruning  knife  has  been  freely  used,  and 
the  excisions  are  numerous.  A  multitude  of  trivial  and  superfluous  items  have  thus  been 
cast  away  wholesale,  leaving  only  those  citations  which  were  worthy  of  a  place  in  a  standard 
work  of  reference.  As  a  result,  the  actual  number  of  quotations  is  less,  although  it  is  hoped 
that  the  improvement  in  quality  will  more  than  compensate  for  the  loss  in  quantity.  The 
book  has,  in  short,  been  not  only  revised,  but  rewritten  throughout,  and  is  not  so  much  a  new 
edition  as  a  new  work.  It  will  be  seen  also  that  the  quotations  are  much  more  "  racontes " 
than  before,  and  that  where  any  history,  story,  or  allusion  attaches  to  any  particular  saying, 
the  opportunity  for  telling  the  tale  has  not  been  thrown  away.  In  this  way  what  is  primarily 
taken  up  as  a  book  of  reference,  may  perhaps  be  retained  in  the  hand  as  a  piece  of  pleasant 
reading,  that  is  not  devoid  at  times  of  the  elements  of  humour  and  amusement.  One  other 
feature  of  the  volume,  and  perhaps  its  most  valuable  one,  deserves  to  be  noticed.  The 
previous  editions  professed  to  give  not  only  the  quotation,  but  its  reference ;  and,  although 
performance  fell  very  far  short  of  promise,  it  was  at  that  time  the  only  dictionary  of  the  kind 
published  in  this  country  that  had  been  compiled  with  that  definite  aim  in  view.  In  the 
present  case  no  citation — with  the  exception  of  such  unaffiliated  things  as  proverbs,  maxims, 
and  mottoes — has  been  admitted  without  its  author  and  passage,  or  the  "  chapter  and  verse  " 
in  which  it  may  be  found,  or  on  which  it  is  founded.  In  order,  however,  not  to  lose 
altogether,  for  want  of  identification,  a  number  of  otherwise  deserving  sayings,  an  appendix 
of  Adespota  is  supplied,  consisting  of  quotations  which  either  the  editor  has  failed  to  trace  to 
their  source,  or  the  paternity  of  which  has  riot  been  satisfactorily  proved.  There  are  four 
indexes — Authors  and  authorities,  Subject  index,  Quotation  index,  and  index  of  Greek 
passages.  Its  deficiencies  notwithstanding,  '  Classical  and  Foreign  Quotations '  has  so  far 
remained  without  a  rival  as  a  polyglot  manual  of  the  world's  famous  sayings  in  one  pair  of 
covers  and  of  moderate  dimensions,  and  its  greatly  improved  qualities  should  confirm  it  still 
more  firmly  in  public  use  and  estimation. 

K  I  N  G'S 

CLASSICAL    AND     FOREIGN 

QUOTATIONS. 

London :  J.  WHITAKBR  &  SONS,  LTD.,  12,  Warwick  Lane,  B.C. 


io<»  s.  IL  An;.  13, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


121 


LOXDOX,  tiATt'lWAY,  AIGUST  IS, 


CONTENTS. -No.  33. 

NOTES  :— Whitsunday.  121— Cowper's  Letters,  122  — Bur- 
ton's 'Anatomy  of  Melancholy,'  124— Vanishing  London- 
Messrs.  Coutts's  Removal  —  Longest  Telegram— Pronun- 
ciation of  "Viking,"  125 -Westminster  Hall  Flooded- 
Plavs  at  St.  Alban's  Grammar  School  — "  Giving  the 
Hand"  in  Diplomacy— •  The  Dukery  Records '-Cricket 
Umpires'  Garb— The  Cape  Dutch  Language,  126. 

•QUERIES  :— Westminster  School  Boarding-houses,  127  — 
Fotheringay  —  Swan-names  —  Psalm-singing  Weavers  — 
Phrases  and  Reference-Nine  Maidens-The  Parish  Clerk 
—••Our  Eleven  Days"  — Silk  Men:  Silk  Throwsters— 
"Loci  tenentes "— Tall  Essex  Woman.  Mrs.  Gordon,  128— 
French  Novel  — Pilgrims'  Ways  —  Waggoner's  Wells  — 
Rules  of  Christian  Life-John  Butler,  M.P.— Bacon  and 
the  Drama,  129— Authors  of  Quotations  Wanted.  130. 

BiEPLIES  :-Bathing-Machines.  130— Court  Dress- Amban,- 
131-Lamont  Harp-The  White  Company :  "  Naker"- 
"Sun  and  Anchor"  Inn— Vaccination  and  Inoculation, 
132-"A  singing  face  "— Blias  Travers's  Diary— Largest 
Private  House  in  England— Shakespeare's  Sonnet  xxyi.— 
Adam  Zad-Natalese,  133 -English  Channel-Bailiff  ot 
JKaale— Silver  Bouquet-Holder— A  Royal  Carver- Spanish 
Proverb  on  the  Orange-Gordon  Epitaph-King  John's 
Charters,  134  —  Diadems  —  Thomas  Neale :  "  Herberley 
—  Electric  Telegraph  Anticipated,  135  —  Irresponsible 
Scribblers,  13*— Morland's  Grave  —  Paste  —  St.  Ninlans 
Church,  137—"  Paules  fete,"  138. 

NOTES    ON    BOOKS  :-Hakluyt's    •  Navigations '—' Great 
Masters '  -  Brandes's    Edition  of    Shakespeare  —  Oxford 
Editions  of  Wordsworth  and  Burns— 'John  Constable  — 
Scenes  from  '  Les  Facheux  '—Hamilton's '  Ancestry  Chart 
—The  'Burlington  '—Magazines  and  Reviews. 

Death  of  the  Rev.  S.  Arnott. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


WHITSUNDAY. 

THE  recurrence  of  the  "silly  season"  is 
marked  this  year  by  the  revival,  both  in  the 
•Church  Times  and  in  the  Standard,  of  the 
old  fable  as  to  the  "derivation"  of  Whit- 
sunday from  the  German  Pjingsten.  Why 
the  English  clergy  and  others  should,  in  so 
many  instances,  cling  to  this  remarkable 
invention,  it  is  hard  to  say.  But  it  illustrates 
the  vast  amount  of  ignorance  that  prevails 
as  to  the  most  elementary  facts  of  philology. 

Allow  me  to  state  a  few  of  the  difficulties 
in  the  way  of  this  remarkable  piece  of  in- 
fatuation. 

1.  There  is  no  proof  that  any  High  German 
word  was  ever  known  to  the  people  of  Eng- 
land before  A.D.  1400.    English  is  not  a  High 
German,  but  a  Low  German  dialect.     One 
gentleman    actually    adduces    the    O.H.G. 
wizzan  as  neatly  accounting  for  the  pronun- 
ciation   Witsun  (without  h).     But  he  clean 
omits  to  point  out  the  fact  that  our  English 
writers  never  use   it,  preferring  the  native 
form  witan  in  its  stead. 

2.  There  is  no  proof  that  the  G.  Pfingsten 
was  ever  used   in   England.      Any   English 
MS.  beginning  a  word  with  j>f  would  be  a 
curiosity. 


3.  Really  chronology  must  be  considered. 
At  what  date  did  this  fabled  Pjmasten  arrive 
n  England?    This  question  is  always  care- 
:ully  evaded.    The  paradox-lovers  naturally 
mte  chronology  and  quotations.    But  plain 
men  are  entitled  to  have  them. 

4.  Even  those  who  believe  in  that  blessed 
word  **  corruption  "  ought  to  have  some  regard 
:or  phonology.    If  Pjingsten  became  Whitsun, 
pray  let  us  have  a  few  of  the  intermediate 
:orms  ;  with  quotations,  of  course,  as  usual. 

On  the  other  hand,  allow  me  to  quote  some 
of  the  positive  evidence  to  the  contrary. 

5.  The  stock  quotation   is   that  from  the 
A.-S.  Chronicle,'  anno  1067,  in  MS.  D.    Soon 

after  a  mention  of  Easter  comes  the  passage: 
"  Ealdred  arce-biscop  hig  ge-halgode  tocwene 
on  West-mynstre  on  Hwitan  Sunnan-dseg"; 
i.e ,  Eadred  the  archbishop  consecrated  her 
as  queen  on  White  Sunday.  Showing  that 
one  of  the  intermediate  forms  between 
Pfinysten  and  Whitsunday  took  the  extra- 
ordinary shape  "  Hwitan  Sunnandseg "  ! 
Showing  also  that  the  High  German  Pjingstcn, 
known  to  Old  High  German  only  in  the  dative 
plural  Phinyesten,  from  a  nominative  Phin- 
geste  (with  no  final  n .'),  was  introduced,  if  at 
all,  before  A.D.  1067. 

6.  The  A.-S.  word  for  Pentecost  was  Ptntc- 
costcn. 

7.  The  Icelandic    forms   are    given,   with 
quotations,   in  Vigfusson's    dictionary,    and 
form  a  remarkable  set.      They  are  Hvita- 
dagar,  lit.  White  days,  i.e.,  Pentecost ;  Hvita- 
daga-vika,    White-day   week,    /.<.,   Whitsun- 
week  ;  Hvit-Drottins-dagr,  White  Lord's  day, 
i.e.,  Whitsunday ;    Hvitasunnudagr,   White- 
sunday,  Whitsunday  ;  Hvitasunnudags-vika, 
Whitsunday's  week,  i.e.,  Whitsun-week.  How 
all  these  are  to  be  got  out  of  Pringst'n  is  a 
mystery ;    "  corruption "  must  have    had    a 
high  old  time  of  it. 

8.  For  those  who  like  instructive  evidence, 
I  can  give  it.     In  Westwood's  *  Palaeographia 
Sacra  Pictoria,'  last  plate  but  one,  there  is 
an  excellent  facsimile  of  an  Icelandic  MS., 
No.  503  of  the  Additional  MSS.  in  the  British 
Museum,  with   a  rubric  which   Prof.   West- 
wood  alleges  to  run  thus,  "A  Himta  Sunnu 
Dag  skal  fyrst  syngia  Veni  Creator  Spiritus," 
in  large  letters.     With  the  not  unusual  ill- 
luck  of  one  who  is  so  obliging  as  to  give  us 
a  facsimile,   he  has  obviously   misread    the 
second  word,  which  turns  out  to  bo  "  Huyta," 
a  late  spelling  of  "H vita";  and  the  sense  is 
"  On  White  Sun  Day  [one]  shall  first  sing 
Veni  Creator  spiritus,"  i.e.,  the  very  hymn  fit 
for    the  occasion.    This  excellent   piece  of 
evidence  is  enough  to  make  the  paradox- 
worshipper  writhe. 


122 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [ioth  s.  11.  AUG.  is,  im 


9.  The  Welsh  word  for  Whitsuntide  is 
Sutgwyn*  a  mere  translation  of  the  English 
name;  from  sul,  sun,  Sunday,  and  gwyn 
white.  Perhaps  we  shall  next  be  told  thai 
Sidgwyn  is  a  "  corruption  "  of  Pfingsten.  11 
so,  it  will  not  surprise  me  at  all  to  be  told 
so ;  for  the  more  difficult  such  transforma- 
tions are,  the  more  easily  they  obtain  the 
credit  of  the  ignorant. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 


LETTERS  OF  WILLIAM  COWPER. 

(See  ante,  pp.  1,42,82.) 

Pp.  53-55  :— 

Letter  9. 
Dated  01-ny  (Olney),  Jan.  15,  1768. 

MY  DEAR  AUNT, — I  put  off  my  writing  to  you 
from  day  to  day,  in  hopes,  that  I  shall  find  a  sub 
ject  in  my  own  experience,  that  may  make  it  worth 
your  while  to  hear  from  me.  1  would  not  always 
be  so  complaining  of  barrenness  and  deadness,  yet 
alas !  I  have  little  else  to  write  about.  The  Lord 
has  given  me  so  many  blessings  in  possession,  and 
enabled  me  to  hope  assuredly  for  such  unspeakable 
things  when  the  great  work  of  Redemption  shall  be 
effectually  completed  in  me,  that  wheresoever  I 
look  I  see  something  that  reminds  me  of  ingratitude. 
If  I  look  behind  me,  I  see  dangers  and  precipices, 
and  the  bottomless  pit,  from  whence  He  has  plucked 
me  with  an  outstretch'd  arm,  made  bare  for  my 
deliverance.  If  I  look  forward,  I  see  the  sure  por- 
tion of  His  people,  an  everlasting  inheritance  in 
light,  and  the  covenant  that  secures  it,  sealed  with 
the  blood  of  Jesus.  My  present  condition  too,  is 
full  of  tokens  of  His  love.  The  things  which  others 
may  reckon  in  the  number  of  their  common  mercies, 
are  not  so  to  me  ;  at  least,  ought  not  to  be  such  in 
my  esteem.  The  breath  I  draw,  and  the  free 
exercise  of  my  senses,  He  has  not  only  given  to  me, 
but  restored  them,  when  I  had  deservedly  forfeited 
both ;  and  not  only  restored  them  to  me,  but  accom- 
panied them  with  such  additional  mercies,  as  can 
alone  make  them  true  and  real  blessings,  faith  in 
the  Lord  Jesus  Christ  as  the  only  Saviour,  and  a 
desire  to  employ  them  and  every  gift  I  receive  from 
Him  to  the  glory  of  His  Name.  In  the  day  of  my 
first  love,  I  could  not  have  enumerated  these  in- 
stances of  His  goodness  without  tears,  but  now, 
my  reflexions  upon  them  serve  rather  to  convince 
me  of  the  dreadful  obduracy  of  my  nature,  and 
afford  me  even  a  sensible  proof,  that  nothing  less 
than  the  breath  of  the  Almighty  Spirit  can  soften 
it.  But,  blessed  be  the  Lord,  our  anchor  of  hope 
is  fastened  on  good  ground,  not  in  our  own  righte- 
ousness, but  in  that  of  Jesus :  and  every  view  of 
our  own  unworthiness  is  sanctified  to  us  and  be- 
comes a  solid  blessing,  if  it  drives  us  closer  to  our 
only  refuge. 

Since  I  wrote  the  above,  I  have  been  taking  a 
walk,  and  from  my  going  out  to  my  coming  in  I 
have  been  mourning  over  (I  am  afraid  I  ought  to 
say,  repining  at)  my  great  insensibility.  I  began 
with  these  reflexions,  soon  after  I  rose  this  morn- 
ing, and  my  attempt  to  write  to  you,  has  furnished 
me  with  additional  evidences  of  it.  I  profess  myself 
a  servant  of  God,  I  am  writing  to  a  servant  of  God, 
and  about  the  things  of  God,  and  yet  can  hardly 


get  forward,  so  as  to  fill  my  paper.  I  can  only  tell1 
you,  my  dear  Aunt,  that  1  love  you,  and  1  hope  too- 
for  the  Lord's  sake  ;  but  I  cannot  speak,  any  more 
than  I  can  do,  the  things  that  I  would.  I  shall 
only  add,  at  this  time,  that  I  am, 

Dear  Aunt,  your  affectionate,  etc.  etc. 

Pp.  56-57:  — 

Letter  10. 
Dated  0— y  (Olney),  March  1,  1768. 

MY  DEAR  AUNT, — Your  silence  makes  me  fear 
for  your  health.  If  it  be  owing  to  illness,  may  the 
Lord  sanctify  it  to  you,  and  abundantly  compensate 
to  you  all  your  bodily  sufferings,  by  the  manifesta  • 
tions  of  His  gracious  Spirit. 

We  are  at  last  settled  in  our  own  mansion.  The 
Lord  provided  it  for  us,  and  we  hope  has  said 
concerning  it :  "  Peace  be  to  this  house."  He  has 
called  both  our  servants,  and  brought  them,  I 
trust,  to  an  effectual  acquaintance  with  the  Saviour 
and  themselves  since  we  came  to  0— y  [Olney]. 

What  various  methods  does  the  good  Shepherd 
use,  and  how  wonderful  is  He  in  many  of  those 
dispensations,  by  which  He  brings  His  people 
within  the  sound  of  the  Gospel !  We  had  no 
sooner  taken  possession  of  our  own  house  than  I 
found  myself  called  to  lead  the  prayers  of  the 
family:  a  formidable  undertaking,  you  may  imagine,, 
to  a  temper  and  spirit  like  mine  !  I  trembled  at 
the  apprehension  of  it,  and  was  so  dreadfully 
harassed  with  the  conflict  I  sustained  upon  this 
occasion,  in  the  first  week,  that  my  health  was  not 
a  little  affected  by  it :  but  there  was  no  remedy, 
and  I  hope  the  Lord  brought  me  to  that  point,  to 
chuse  death,  rather  than  a  retreat  from  duty.  In. 
my  first  attempt  He  was  sensibly  present  with  me,, 
and  has  since  favoured  me  with  very  perceptible 
assistance.  My  fears  begin  to  wear  off:  I  get 
rather  more  liberty  of  speech  at  least,  if  not  of 
spirit,  and  have*  some  hope,  that  having  opened 
my  mouth,  He  will  never  suffer  it  to  be  closed 
again,  but  rather  give  increase  of  utterance  and 
zeal  to  serve  Him.  How  much  of  that  monster 
Self  has  He  taken  occasion  to  shew  me  by  this 
incident.  Pride,  ostentation,  and  vain-glory,  have 
always  been  my  hindrance  in  these  attempts. 
These  lie  at  the  root  of  that  evil  tree,  which  the 
world  good  -  naturedly  calls  bashfulness.f  Evil 
ndeed  in  the  character  of  a  disciple  of  Christ. 
May  our  gracious  Teacher  mortify  them  all  to 
death,  and  never  leave  me  till  He  has  made  the 
dumb  to  speak,  and  the  stammering  tongue  like 
the  pen  of  a  ready  writer  ! 

My  dear  friend,  Mrs.  U [Unwin],  is  wonder- 

ully  restored  :  her  recovery,  of  which  there  seems 
to  be  no  doubt,  is  as  extraordinary,  and  as  evident 


*  MS.  having. 

t  '  Conversation,'  347-50  :— 
I  pity  bashful  men,  who  feel  the  pain 
Of  fancied  scorn  and  undeserved  disdain, 
And  bear  the  marks  upon  a  blushing  face 
Of  needless  shame  and  self-imposed  disgrace.. 

363-8:- 

The  cause  perhaps  inquiry  may  descry, 
Self-searching  with  an  introverted  eye, 
Concealed  within  an  unsuspected  part, 
The  vainest  corner  of  our  own  vain  heart : 
For  ever  aiming  at  the  World's  esteem, 
Our  self-importance  ruins  its  own  scheme.. 


io<"  s.  ii.  Am:,  is, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


123- 


an  answer  to  prayer,  as  any  that  has  fallen  within 
my  experience.  The  Lord  make  me  thankful  to 
Him,  for  the  continuance  of  this,  and  all  His 
mercies,  which  I  deserve  every  day  to  be  deprived 
of :  but  He  is  an  unchangeable  God,  and  delights  in 
showing  mercy. 

I  remain,  my  dear  Aunt, 

Yours  affectionately,  etc.  etc. 

P.  58  :- 

Letter  11. 
Dated  O— y  (Olney),  June  11,  1768. 

I  had  a  letter  from  Lady  *  by  the  last 

post  to  inform  me,  she  had  read  my  narrative. t  She 
seems  to  have  been  much  affected  by  it ;  and  I 
should  have  been  very  happy,  if  she  had  been 
enabled  to  learn  from  it,  the  only  lesson  it  is  in- 
tended to  teach,  the  sovereignty  of  God's  free  grace, 
/.e.,  the  deliverance  of  a  sinful  soul  from  the 
nethermost  hell :  but  the  Lord  has  not  seen  fit,  to 
bless  it  to  that  effect,  for  she  says  :  She  cannot  see 
how  such  a  life  as  mine  has  been,  could  merit  such 
bitter  sufferings  at  the  hand  of  a  merciful  God, 
and  bestows  all  the  honour  of  the  repentance  that 
followed  them,  entirely  upon  myself.  How  is  the 
word  of  the  Redeemer  concealed  from  the  natural 
man !  So  that  though  His  grace  be  as  evidently 
displayed  in  the  salvation  of  a  lost  sinner,  as  His 
power  is,  in  the  works  of  creation,  not  a  beam 
breaks  through  to  enlighten  it,  till  His  own  hand 
takes  away  the  veil. 

My  dear  Aunt,  believe  me 

Your  affectionate  nephew,  etc.  etc. 

Pp.  59-61  :— 

Letter  12. 
Ol-y  (Olney),  June  18,  1768. 

MY  DEAR  AUNT,— I  know  not  by  what  means 
Lady  H[esketh]  came  to  hear,  that  there  was  such 
a  thing  in  the  world,  as  my  narrative!  but  the 
news  of  it  having  reached  her,  she  wrote  to  me  to 
beg  a  sight  of  it.  At  first  I  was  very  unwilling 
to  shew  it  to  her,  but  having  consulted  with 
Mr.  Newton  about  the  propriety  of  doing  so,  and 
finding  him  of  opinion  that  it  might  be  done  safely, 
I  consented  ;  but  restrained  it  absolutely  to  her 
own  perusal,  and  she  assures  me  no  eye  has  seen  it 
but  her  own.  I  have  always  thought  it  unfit  to  be 
trusted  in  the  hands  of  an  unenlightened  person  ; 
the  Lord  having  dealt  with  me  in  a  way  so  much 
out  of  the  common  course  of  His  proceeding ;  nor 
do  I  intend  that  any  such  shall  hereafter  read  it. 
However,  if  she  has  got  no  light  from  it,  I  do  not 
perceive  that  she  has  been  stumbled  by  it,  and  it 
may  possibly  at  some  future  time  be  made  useful  to 
her.  Temporal  trouble  is  often  the  forerunner  of 
spiritual ;  and  I  pray  the  Lord  to  sanctify  her 
sufferings  to  her,  that  it  might  be  so  with  her. 

We  have  had  a  holiday  week  at  Ol — y  (Olney). 
The  Association  of  Baptist  Ministers  met  here  on 
Wednesday.  We  had  three  sermons  from  them 


*  Hesketh. 

t  Mrs.  Cowper's  note :  "  N.B.  It  may,  I  believe, 
be  concluded,  that  this  narratire  is  by  some  looked 
on  as  madness  in  another  form.  This  is  the  un- 
worthy judgement  passed  by  too  many  amongst  us. 
on  the  strangeness  of  His  salvation,  so  far  beyond 
all  that  they  looked  for  (or  as  yet  will  be  persuaded 
to  look  after  !),  but  what  is  all  that  to  him,  '  who  is 
numbered  among  the  children  of  (!od,  and  his  lot 
is  among  the  saints ''.  '—Wisdom  v.  '2,  5." 


that  day,  and  one  on  Thursday,  besides  Mr- 
Newton's  in  the  evening.  One  of  the  preachers- 
was  Mr.  Booth,*  who  has  lately  published  an 
excellent  book  called  '  The  Reign  of  Grace.'  He 
was  bred  a  weaver,  and  has  been  forced  to  work 
with  his  hands  hitherto,  for  the  maintenance  of 
himself  and  a  large  family  :  but  the  Lord,  who  has 
given  him  excellent  endowments,  has  now  called 
him  from  the  small  congregation,  he  ministered  to 


in  Nottinghamshire,  to  supply  Mr.  Burford'sf  place 
in  London.  It  was  a  comfortable  sight  to  see 
thirteen  gospel  ministers  together.  Most  of  them 
either  preached  or  prayed,  and  all  that  did  so, 
approved  themselves  sound  in  the  word  andi 
doctrine  :  whence  a  good  presumption  arises  in 
favour  of  the  rest. 

I  should  be  glad  if  the  partition  wall,  between* 
Christians  of  different  denominations,  would  every- 
where fall  down  flat,  as  it  has  done  at  01  —  y  (Olney).. 
The  dissenters  here  (most  of  them  at  least,  who  are- 
serious)  forget  that  our  meeting-house  has  a  steeple 
to  it,  and  we,  that  theirs  has  none.  This  shall  be 
the  case  universally  :  may  the  Lord  hasten  it  in 
His  time. 

1  am,  my  dear  Aunt, 

Your  very  affectionate  nephew,  etc.  etc. 

P.S.  I  am  sorry  for  poor  A—  (?).  Thoughtless  a» 
a  child,  he  stands  upon  the  shore  of  eternity,  and 
laughs  in  circumstances  that  are  frightful  to  those 
that  understand  them.  Indeed  my  heart  was. 
troubled  when  I  read  that  part  of  your  letter  whichv 
relates  to  him. 

Pp.  61-62':— 

Letter  13. 
Ol-y  (Olney),  June  28,  1768. 

Printed    in    Wright,  i.    103-4.      The    first 
paragraph,  "I  write  ......  behind  him,"  omitted 

in  MS.  P.  103,  1.  4  from  foot,  "he  is  with 
us,"  MS.  "he  is  with  us  at  present";  last 
line,  "  Jesus,"  MS.  "  things  of  moment."  On 
the  words  (p.  104)  "and  may  He  in  His  due- 
time  afford  me  an  occasion  of  thanking  Hin> 
for  the  same  unspeakable  mercy  bestowed 
upon  my  brother,"  Mrs.  Cowper  notes  : 
"N.B.  This  so  fell  out,  some  few  years  after- 
wards ";  less  than  two  years  afterwards  John 
Cowper  died  in  College.  P.  104,  1.  11,  "con- 
cern/' MS.  "  belong  to";  1.  12.  "on,"  MS. 
"  upon  ";  1.  15,  "able,"  MS.  "enabled." 

JOHN  E.  B.  MAYOR. 

Cambridge. 

(To  be  continued.) 


»  Abraham  Booth  (1734-1806),  pastor  from  17<i'.i 
to  a  congregation  of  Particular  Baptists  in  London. 
See  his  'Life'  by  W.  Jones,  1808,  8vo.  Funeral 
Sermon  on  A.  B.  by  James  Dore  ;  with  Memoir  and 
Address  by  Dr.  Rippon,  1806,  '  D.N.B.,'  and. 
Catalogue  of  B.M.  In  his  'Works'  (Lond.,  1813* 
3  vols.  8vo)  great  part  of  vol.  i.  is  filled  by  the  ninth' 
edition  of  '  The  Reign  of  Grace  from  its  Rise  to  its 
Consummation.'  The  work  has  since  been  reprinted 
separately.  Mrs.  Cowper  has  a  note  :  "  Account  of 
Mr.  Booth." 

t  Samuel  Burford's  death  in  1768  is  recorded  in 
Walter  Wilson's  '  Dissenting  Churches,'  ii.  607. 
No  publication  of  his  is  in  B.M. 


124 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  AUG.  13, 1904. 


BURTON'S  'ANATOMY  OF  MELANCHOLY 
(See  9th  S.  xi.  181,  222,  263,  322,  441 ;  xii.  2,  62,  162, 

301,  362,  442 ;  10"'  S.  i.  42,  163,  203,  282.) 
I  SHOULD  be  glad  in  a  modified  form  to  use 
Burton's  reason'"  because  many  good  authors 
in  all  kinds  are  come  to  my  hands  since"  tc 
•excuse  my  turning   back  and  dealing  wit! 
some  quotations  which  I  passed  over  before. 
Vol.  I.  (Shilleto),  p.  11,  1.  8 ;   p.    1,  1.  10 
<ed.  6,  "I  am  a  free  man   born."    This  was 
probably  suggested  by  "  ego  scio  me  liberum 
factum,"    which    in    the    4  Apocolocyntosis 
follows  the  words  that  have  just  been  citec 
•by  Burton. 

P.  11,  9  ;  1,  12,  "  If  I  be  urged."  Cf.  J.  V 
Andrea,  'Menippus,'  dial.  7,  p.  17  (ed.  1617) 
44  qui  urges  hominern  liberum." 

P.  15,  n.  2,  n.  4,  n.  5  ;  p.  3,  n.  i,  n.  k,  n.  1. 
These  three  quotations  from  Heinsius,  foi 
which  Shilleto  gives  the  reference  4'Primerio,' 
«,re  to  be  found  (with  a  difference)  about 
one-ninth  through  the  epistle  to  Jacobus 
Primerius  on  the  subject  "An,  &  qualis  viro 
literato  sit  ducenda  uxor."  See  pp.  327,  328 
of  the  1629  (Elzevir)  edition  of  the  'Laus 
Asini,'  &c.  "  Aulse— soleo  "  (1.  7  ;  41)  is  from 
the  same  place. 

P.  15,  5;  3,  39,  "macerate  themselves.' 
From  "Qui  nimium  se  macerant,"  Heinsius, 
•lib.  cit.,  p.  328. 

P.  15,  n.  5  ;  3,  n.  1,  "  Cyp.  ad  Donat."  See 
•cap.  9,  "O  si  possis  in  ilia  sublimi  specula 
constitutus,"  &c. 

P.  16,  8  ;  4,  25,  "  ne  quid  mentiar."  Burton 
presumably  took  this  not  from  the  prologue 
to  Plautus's  'Casina'  (9th  S.  xii.  363),  but 
from  Heinsius  (lib.  cit.,  p.  328). 

P.  16,  11 ;  4,  29,  "  non  tarn  sagax  observator 
AC  simplex  recitator."  Cf.  J.  V.  Andrea, 
*  Menippus,'  dial.  4,  "a  Mundo,  cuius  ille 
sagacissimus  observator,  <k  simplicissimus 
-annotator  fuit." 

P.  18,  3;  5,  26,  "yet  hear  that  divine 
•"Seneca,  better  aliud  agere  quam  nihil"  (cf. 
vol.  ii.  p.  80.  n.  3  ;  265,  n.  t ;  Part.  II.  sect.  iii. 
mem.  iv. ;  Erasm.,  'Colloq.,'  4  Conviv.  Poet.,' 
•half  through  ;  Manningham's  *  Diary,'  Camd. 
Soc.,  p.  132).  See  Pliny,  Ep.  i.  9,  "Satius 
enim  est,  ut  Atilius  noster  eruditissime  simul 
«t  facetissime  dixit,  otiosum  esse  quam  nihil 
agere." 

P.  19,  2  ;  6,  2,  "oop,  oop"  (WOTT,  WO'TT).  Not 
.part  of  the  frogs'  cry  this,  but  Charon's. 

P.  20,  4,  and  n.  3 ;  6,  30,  and  n.  q,  "  in  this 
scribbling  age  especially."  "Libros  Eunuchi 
igignunt,  steriles  pariunt."  J.  V.  Andrea, 
'Menippus,'  dial.  84.  p.  152.  '"  hoc  scrip- 
turiente  seculo,  quo  E.  g.,  s.  p." 

P.  20,  13  ;  6,  39,  "  to  be  thought  and  held 
Polymathes  and  Polyhistors."  'Menippus,' 


dial.  31,  ad  fin.,  "  nam  ut  polimathes  &  poli- 
histores  dicantur,  in  omnem  togatam,  arma- 
tam,  solutam,  ligatam,  exoticam  &  misticam 
eruditionem  irruunt." 

P.  20,  15  ;  6,  40,  "  to  get  a  paper-kingdom." 
'  Menippus,'  dial.  39,  p.  70,  **  &  regnum  car- 
taceum  magno  supercilio  occupant." 

P.  20,  20  ;  6,  45,  4<  They  will  rush  into  all 
learning,  togatam,  armatam,"  &c.  See  last 
note  but  one. 

P.  20,  21  ;  6,  46,  " rake  over  all  Indexes" 
4  Menippus,'  dial.  31,  p.  56,  44  Nam  ut  ex 
indicibus  librorum  tumultuarie  collecti,"  &c. 

P.  20,  22 ;  6,  47,  "  cum  non  sint  re  vera 
doctiores,  sed  loquaciores."  See  4  Menippus,' 
dial.  39,  ad  fin.,  "  non  raeliores  illos  aut  rerum 
certiores  esse  aliis,  sed  lubriciores  ac  loqua- 
ciores." 

P.  20,  28  ;  7,  4,  "  As  Apothecaries  we  make 
new  mixtures  every  day,  pour  out  of  one 
vessel  into  another."  4  Menippus,'  dial.  31, 
p.  56,  '*  B.  Sed  velut  e  magno  dolio  minuta 
multa  replentur,  ita  magna  eruditionis  priscee 
volumina  in  libellos  minutos  discinduntur, 
laceranturque.  A.  Si  ita  sit,  quos  chymicos 
credidi,  transfusores  saltern  sunt."  Cf.  Sterne, 
4  Tristram  Shandy,'  vol.  iv.  ch.  i.,  in  6-vol.  ed. 
(1782),  44  Shall  we  for  ever  make  new  books, 
as  apothecaries  make  new  mixtures,  by  pour- 
ing only  out  of  one  vessel  into  another  ? " 
Sterne's  unacknowledged  indebtedness  in  this 
passage  surprised  Dr.  Ferriar,  and  was  pro- 
nounced by  Mr.  Traill  to  be  "  the  most  extra- 
ordinary instance  of  literary  effrontery  ever 
met  with."  Certainly  Sterne  has  here  done 
more  than  look  over  the  hedge,  but  Burton 
is  scarcely  the  sole  claimant  of  the  stolen 
lorse. 

P.  21,  n.  4;  7,  n.  c,  44E  Democriti  puteo." 
For  the  origin  of  the  phrase  see  Cicero, 
Acad.  Prior.,'  ii.  10,  32  ("Naturam  accusa, 
quse  in  profundo  veritatem,  ut  ait  Democritus, 
penitus  abstruserit "),  and  Diog.  Laert.,  9,  72 
ei/  fiv0$  $  (Ur)0€ia).  Prof.  J.  S.  Reid 
remarks  on  the  passage  of  Cicero  that  the 
ordinary  rendering  44  well ';  for  (3v0os  is  far 
;oo  weak,  and  suggests  "  abyss."  It  may 
DO  noted  that  Lactantius  (4Inst.,' iii.  28,  13) 
las  "Democritus  quasi  in  puteo  quodam  sic 
alto,  ut  fundus  sit  nullus,  veritatem  iacere 
demersam." 

P.   22,    14 ;    8,    2,    "  magno    conatu    nihii 
agimus."      Cf.   Terence,    *  Haut.    Tim.,'  621 
IV.  i.  8),  and  Bacon,  'Essays,'  26. 

P.  22,  28;  8,  15,  "sine  injuria."  See 
Oamerarius,  'Symbol,  et  Emblem.,' cent.  iii. 
H  ;  the  words  are  the  motto  of  the  emblem, 
^arnerarius  quotes  Lucretius,  iii.  11,  which 
Burton  also  gives,  and  uses  the  passage  of 
"arro  (iii.  16,  7)  which  we  find  in  Burton. 


10*  s.  ii.  A™,  is,  MM.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


125 


P.  25,  10;  9,  35,  with  "Erasmus,  nihil 
morosius  hominum  judiciis."  4  Adagia,' under 
*'  Ne  bos  quidem  pereat,"  p.  705,  col.  1,  in 
J.  J.  Grynseus's  *  Adagia '  (1629),  s.v.  'Vicinus' : 
"  Nihil  est  huinano  ingenio  inuidentius,  nihil 
hominura  judiciis  morosius." 

P.  30,  n.  9;  12,  n.  k,  "  Stylus  hie  nullus 
prseter  parrhesiara."  Again  from  Andrea 
('Menippus,'  p.  2,  1617,  dedication  to  the 
Antipodes). 

P.  31,  3  ;  12,  45,  "—vox  es,  prseterea  nihil, 
&c."  Shilleto  gives  the  reference  to  Plutarch, 
but  Burton's  immediate  source  was  probably 
Lipsius,  'Adversus  Dialogistam  Liber,'  ad 
imt.  ('  Op.,'  vol.  iy.  p.  279,  ed.  1675) :  "  Lacpn 
quidam  ad  lusciniam  :  Vox  es,  prceterea  nihil ." 
Cf.  i  Anat.,'  i.  128,  n.  5  ;  71,  n.  k. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 

The  University,  Adelaide,  South  Australia. 
(To  be  continued.) 


VANISHING  LONDON.— Pickaxe  and  shovel 
have  been  busy  of  late,  clearing  the  space 
at  the  junction  of  Kentish  Town  lload  and 
High  Street,  Camden  Town,  within  a  stone's- 
throw  of  the  "  Mother  Red  Cap."  Thus  there 
disappears  from  the  corner  what  must  cer- 
tainly have  been  one  of  the  oldest  milk  busi- 
nesses in  London.  Who  does  not  remember 
Brown's  Dairy,  which  stood  out  so  pro- 
minently to  form  quite  a  picturesque  feature 
amongst  its  somewhat  dingy  surroundings  1 
There  was  a  certain  quaint,  almost  eccle- 
siastical look  about  the  shop  to  appeal  in- 
vitingly to  the  eye  and  prompt  a  visit  to  the 
clean  and  cool  interior  with  its  refreshing 
lacteal  display.  For  "  Brown's "  pleasant 
memories  must  linger  with  many.  What 
shall  we  get  in  its  stead  1 

Many  changes  are  taking  place  in  this 
district  southwards.  Witness  great  gaps 
in  the  western  side  of  Hampstead  Road, 
although  No.  263  of  that  thoroughfare,  with 
its  commemorative  tablet  to  George  Cruik- 
shank,  the  famous  caricaturist,  still  remains. 
The  Tottenham  Court  Road  of  yore  vanishes 
fast,  notably  its  eastern  side,  where  well- 
known  premises  have  either  been  rebuilt  or 
are  at  present  in  a  state  of  re-erection. 

Turning  into  Tottenham  Street,  we  find 
a  brand-new  playhouse  of  somewhat  novel 
exterior  raised  upon  the  site  of  once  fashion- 
able Prince  of  Wales's  Theatre.  But  shall 
we  have  such  dainty  pieces,  such  perfect 
styles  of  acting,  as  were  wont  to  entice  us 
within  the  old  familiar,  if  unlovely,  walls  ? 
Nous  verrons  !  CECIL  CLARKE. 

MESSRS.  COUTTS'S  REMOVAL.— In  the  Daily 
Mail  of  Monday,  1  August,  there  was  a 


paragraph  on  the  above  interesting  subjeci 
It  said : — 

"Taking  advantage  of  the  empty  streets  c 
yesterdav  afternoon,  the  famous  banking  house  < 
Messrs.  Coutts  &  Co.  was  transferred  from  its  ol 
to  its  new  premises,  A  strong  force  of  police  wa 
present  to  guard  against  possible  raids,  and  a  scor 
of  commissionaires  acted  as  porters  during  th 
transfer  of  hundreds  of  thousands  of  pounds  i 
securities  from  one  side  of  the  Strand  to  the  othei 
The  interesting  event  passed  off  without  an 
mishap.  From  to-morrow  the  business  of  the  ban 
will  be  carried  on  at  the  new  premises  at  No.  44( 
Strand,  nearly  opposite  Charing  Cross  Station." 

It  may  be  worth  recording  that  the  ol< 
home  of  this  well-known  bank  occupied  th 
centre  of  the  site  of  the  New  Exchange 
which,  says  John  Timbs,  "is  marked  by  th 
houses  Nos.  54  to  64,  Strand,"  Coutts' 
premises  being  No.  59,  built  in  1768.  Thi 
bank  now  just  completed  and  opened  fo 
business  has  taken  the  place  of  the  Low  the 
Arcade,  the  paradise  of  the  children  of  i 
bygone  day,  demolished  only  a  year  or  tw< 
ago.  W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY. 

\Vestminster. 

LONGEST  TELEGRAM.  —  The  following  ex 
tract  from  the  Glasgow  Herald  of  Tuesday 
2  August,  is  perhaps  worth  noting  :— 

"A  Record  Telegram.— For  some  time  past  i 
has  been  known  that  the  decision  of  the  House  o 
Lords  in  the  Free  Church  appeal  would  be  deliveret 
towards  the  beginning  of  August,  and  there  wa 
naturally  in  all  the  Churches  very  great  anxiety  t 
learn  as  early  and  as  fully  as  possible  the  details  o 
the  judgment.  Arrangements  were  made  by  th 
Herald  to  supply  the  public  want  in  thes 
particulars,  and  we  present  to  our  readers  to-da; 
a  verbatim  report  of  the  speeches  delivered  in  thi 
House  of  Lords  yesterday  afternoon,  and  i] 
addition  interviews  with  prominent  Church  leader 
as  to  the  effects  of  the  reversal  of  the  judgment  o 
the  Court  of  Session.  It  may  be  of  interest  t 
state  that  the  telegram  containing  the  speeche 
consists  of  between  40,000  and  50,000  words,  an< 
that  it  is  the  longest  despatch  ever  sent  over  th 
wires  to  any  newspaper." 

IBAGUE. 

VIKING  :  ITS  PRONUNCIATION.— Before  th 
*  Oxford  Dictionary '  reaches  letter  F,  I  tak 
the  liberty  of  suggesting  that  the  lexicc 
graphers  engaged  on  this  grand  work  see  to 
it  that  the  correct  pronunciation  be  givei 
of  the  word  viking.  The  various  dictionarie 
that  1  have  seen  give  the  correct  etymology 
of  course — to  wit,  viL\  a  bay,  inlet,  and  term 
-iny,  one  who  belongs  to  or  frequents  bays 
&c.  ;  but  all— with  the  exception  of  the  *  Im 
perial  Dictionary  '—bow  to  the  public's  mis 
pronunciation  of  the  word,  vl'-king.  It  is  t 
be  hoped  that  the  '  Oxford '  will  not  be  s 
accommodating  as  its  precursors,  but  wi! 
state  that  the  word  is  spelt  and  pronounce 


126 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  AUG.  is.  iw*. 


vlk'-ing,  the  i  in  vik  as  in  give,  although  with 
a  trifle  longer  sound.  HERMAN  STALBERG. 

Union  Club,  New  York. 

[The  pronunciation  of  Viking  has  been  discussed 
at  considerable  length  in  'N.  &  Q.'  See  7th  S.  x. 
-367,  492  ;  xi.  32,  134  ;  xii.  255.] 

WESTMINSTER  HALL  FLOODED.  (See  8fch  S. 
vii.  265.)  —  At  the  above  reference  a  corre- 
spondent quoted  from  Sir  Richard  Hutton's 
*  .Reports,'  1G56,  an  instance  of  flooding  West- 
minster Hall  in  1629.  I  was  reminded  of  this 
•when  reading  an  account  of  the  thunder- 
storm which  visited  London  on  25  July.  The 
rush  of  water  was  so  great  that  the  sewers 
proved  inadequate  to  carry  it  away,  and 
some  of  the  streets  were  turned  into  minia- 
ture rivers.  From  the  descriptive  account 
in  the  Daily  Mail  of  26  July  I  extract  the 
following  paragraph  :  — 

'  '  Palace  Yard  was  flooded,  and  the  water  ran 
over  the  greater  part  of  the  floor  of  Westminster 
Hall,  giving  the  place  the  appearance  of  a  swim- 
ming bath  prepared  for  all-night  sitters.  The  wet, 
which  got  to  the  hot-water  pipes,  sent  up  clouds  of 
steam,  and  statues  of  the  monarchs  enveloped  in 
vapour  appeared  very  curious." 

JOHN  T.  PA.GE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

PLAYS  AT  ST.  ALBAN'S  GRAMMAR  SCHOOL. 
—  In  the  accounts  of  St.  Alban's  Grammar 
School,  1557-1750,  which  Mr.  Charles  H. 
Ashdown  is  transcribing  for  the  Home 
Counties  Magazine,  occur  the  following 
entries  of  plays  acted  by  the  boys  :  — 

Item,  payd  the  Drummer  for  Drumminge  when 
the  boyes  broake  up  the  15th  of  lOber,  1662, 


Item,  payd  the  Musicke  for  playeinge  the  sevrall 
fecenes  when  the  boyes  acted  the  Two  Commodies 
of  Lingua  and  The  Jealous  Lovers  at  two  of  their 
breakings  up,  £00  10.<?.  QOd. 

Item,  given  to  the  boyes  that  acted,  £00  05s.  OOd. 

'Lingua  '  is  in  Hazlitt's  '  Dodsley,'  vol.  ix., 
-and  was  written  before  1603  and  printed  in 
1607.  'The  Jealous  Lovers'  is  by  Thomas 
Randolph,  1632.  F.  J.  F. 

"GIVING  THE  HAND"  IN  DIPLOMACY.—  At 
5th  S.  vi.  106,  under  the  reference  *  Diplomatic 
Etiquette,'  is  an  extract  from  the  official 
instructions  to  Lord  Buckinghamshire,  when 
appointed  in  1762  Ambassador  to  Russia,  in 
the  course  of  which  the  order  of  Charles  II. 
was  repeated  that  Ambassadors  should  not 
"  give  the  hand  in  their  own  house  to  Envoys," 
but  "  take  the  hand  of  Envoys  in  their  own 
house."  No  explanation  of  these  terms  was 
Added,  but  it  is  furnished  by  "A  Foreign  En- 
voy," nearly  thirty  years  later,  in  a  letter  to  the 
Westminster  Gazette  of  12  July,  as  follows  :— 

"To  'give  the  hand,'  in  the  diplomatic  language 
of  the  seventeenth  century,  does  not  mean  to  shake 


hands,  but  to  allow  somebody  to  walk  or  sit  on  the 
right-hand  side — that  is  to  say,  to  take  precedence. 
Thus,  when  Charles  II.  forbade  his  Ambassadors  to 
'give  the  hand  in  their  own  house  to  Envoys,'  he 
thereby  simply  directed  them  to  maintain'  their 
habitual  precedence  over  Envoys,  even  when  the 
Envoy  was  the  Ambassador's  guest,  and  might 
therefore  expect  to  sit  on  the  right  side  of  his  host. 
This  is  quite  plain  by  the  wording  of  the  instruc- 
tions, which  at  the  same  time  direct  Ambassadors 
to  'take  the  hand  of  Envoys,'  i.e.,  to  take  prece- 
dence over  them." 

POLITICIAN. 

'  THE  DUKERY  RECORDS.' — This  is  the  title 
of  a  new  Nottinghamshire  book  which  is 
now  in  course  of  distribution  to  subscribers. 
It  is  the  output  of  one  of  the  oldest  con- 
tributors to  *N.  &  Q.'— MR.  ROBERT  WHITE, 
of  Worksop,  who  is  still,  in  his  eighty- 
sixth  year,  engaged  in  literary  work.  4  The 
Dukery  Records'  is  in  every  way  a  most 
notable  Nottinghamshire  book,  and  the 
greater  portion  of  its  pages  is  taken  up  with 
the  result  of  researches  in  many  unaccus- 
tomed places.  Many  notable  things  are 
shown  for  the  first  time,  and  points  which  in 
Notts  history  have  puzzled  antiquaries  are 
now  made  clear.  The  book  contains  treasures 
of  high  historical  value.  MR.  WHITE  himself 
is  the  publisher.  THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 

Worksop. 

CRICKET  UMPIRES'  GARB.— A  correspondent 
of  the  Guardian  of  20  July  claims  for  the 
late  Rev.  Henry  Pearson  Bainbridge,  Vicar 
of  Ganton,  who  died  on  2  July,  the  credit  of 
being  the  originator  of  the  long  white  coats 
worn  by  umpires  :  "  They  were  adopted  as 
forming  a  good  background  for  the  players  " 
(p.  2018).  This  note  may  solace  many  in- 
quirers. ST.  SWITHIN. 

CAPE  DUTCH  LANGUAGE.  —  It  is  curious 
that  one  of  the  two  sister  languages  of  our 
great  South  African  empire,  the  Taal,  or 
Cape  Dutch,  has  until  the  last  few  years 
received  no  recognition  from  our  gram- 
marians. It  was  only  in  1901  that  a  well- 
known  and  capable  philologist,  Miss  A. 
Werner,  of  King's  College,  published  a  short 
grammar.  This  charming  little  book  is 
frankly  elementary;  for  the  advanced  student, 
if  he  can  read  German,  a  volume  has  just 
been  published  in  Hartleben's  two-shilling 
series  (Leipzig,  1904),  '  Praktisches  Lehrbuch 
der  Burensprache,'  which  I  can  recommend. 
The  compiler,  Dr.  N.  Marais-Hoogenhout, 
goes  fully  into  the  peculiarities  of  Cape 
Dutch  accidence ;  but  an  even  more  welcome 
feature  of  his  work,  for  practical  purposes, 
is  the  appendix  of  thirty-three  extracts  for 
reading  practice,  drawn  from  modern  Afri- 


io»  s.  it.  AC,:,  is.  1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


127 


kander  authors,  and  provided  with  copious 
notes  and  a  vocabulary.  The  dialect  of 
Paarl  is  taken  as  the  norm.  Some  of  the 
extracts  are  original  South  African  prose  or 
verse,  others  are  translated  from  standard 
-German  or  English  writers.  Among  the 
latter  I  am  glad  to  find  a  portion  of  the  life 
of  President  Garfield,  and  Reitz's  quaint 
rendering  of  Byron's  'Maid  of  Athens,'  begin- 
ning 

Sannie  Beyers,  eer  ons  sky, 

Ge  my  hart  terug  an  my  ! 

One  very  amusing  piece  of  topical  poetry 
is  that  in  which  martial  law,  personified  as 
Martji  Louw  (i.e.  Martha  Louw),  is  denounced, 
the  epithet  with  which  she  is  qualified  in  the 
following  verse  being,  it  will  be  remembered, 
that  which  was  once  applied  to  Queen 
Victoria  : — 

Ja,  Martji  Louw 

la  'n  kwaai  ou-frou, 

Mar  'k  hoor,  sy  le  op  sterwe. 

Is  sy  eers  doot, 

Dan  'a  daar  gen  noot 

Ons  fry-heit  weer  te  erwe. 
The  distinction  between  Cape  Dutch  and 
literary  Dutch  is  roughly  similar  to  that 
between  Yiddish  and  literary  German.  Sim- 
plification has  proceeded  even  further  than 
in  English.  Grammatical  gender  has  dis- 
appeared, so  have  all  inflections  of  noun  and 
adjective.  Even  the  pronouns,  at  least  in  the 
plural, no  longerdifferentiate  between  nomina- 
tive and  accusative.  The  Boer  makes  ons  play 
the  part  of  both  "  we  "  and  "  us,"  and  hulle  of 
both  "they "and  "them,"  besides  which  ons 
and  hulle  also  do  for  "  our  "  and  **  their."  In 
the  verb  there  is  no  distinction  between  the 
persons.  Just  as  vulgar  Hindustani  makes 
Jiai  do  duty  for  the  whole  present  tense  of 
the  verb  **  to  be,"  so  the  Boer  says  ek  is,  jy  is, 
hy  is,  ons  is,  Julie  is,  hulle  is.  The  same  holds 
cood  of  every  verb  in  the  language.  The 
diminutive  termination,  in  literary  Dutch  -je, 
is  used  about  as  commonly  as  in  Scotch,  and 
has  the  same  sound  as  the  Scotch  -ie.  Thus  it 
is  that  the  kopje  of  the  higher  style  of  ortho- 
graphy is  never  colloquially  pronounced 
otherwise  than  koppie.  The  foreign  element 
in  the  vocabulary  of  the  Taal  is  comparatively 
large.  The  long  historical  connexion  between 
the  Cape  and  the  Dutch  East  India  Company 
introduced  into  the  language  a  number  of 
•words  from  the  Malayo-Portuguese,  which  in 
those  days  served  as  lingua  franca  throughout 
the  Orient.  Such  are,  for  example,  assegtiai, 
bainy  or  banya  (very),  kartel,  kraal,  mandoor, 
matkiej  mili  (mealie),  not,  pikanini,  sjambok, 
ftn/Kiai,  tronk  (Portuguese  tronco),  &c.  A 
second  important  element  is  formed  by 
vocables  borrowed  from  the  Hottentots,  with 


whom  the  Dutch  were  early  brought  into 
contact,  or  from  the  Kafirs,  whom  they  met 
later.  Examples,  dauw,  impi,  karree,  kiri 
(knob-kerrie),  koedoe,  ourebi.  The  growing 
influence  of  English  is  most  visible  in  the 
syntax.  From  this  reading -book  can  be 
readily  gathered  a  sheaf  of  phrases  which 
require  an  explanation  to  a  German,  but  are 
perfectly  clear  to  an  Englishman ;  such  as 
ek  dink  so  (I  think  so),  dis  ni  fair  ni  (That 's 
not  fair),  goat  jy  ook  in  fer  di  ding  (Do  you 
also  go  in  for  the  thing  ?),  &c. 

JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

WESTMINSTER  SCHOOL  BOARDING-HOUSES.— 
At  various  times  there  have  been  many  such 
houses,  and  they  were  mostly  situated  in 
Great  and  Little  College  Streets,  Great  and 
Little  Smith  Streets,  Great  and  Little  Dean's 
Yards,  and  Abingdpn  Street.  So  far  as  I 
can  trace,  the  principal  ones  have  been  Mrs. 
Beresford's,  Fitzgerald's,  Vincent  Bourne's, 
Tollett's,  Ludford's,  Button's,  Mrs.  Catherine 
Porten's,  Hilkiah  Bedford's,  Clapham's,  Mrs. 
Driftield's,  Clough's,  Farren's,  Burgess's,  Mrs. 
Morell's,  Glover's,  Smedley's,  and  Grant's. 
We  are  told  that  Button's,  where  Charles 
Wesley  boarded,  was  in  Little  College  Street. 
Is  the  position  which  it  occupied  in  the  street 
known  ?  There  are  none  or  the  old  houses 
now  left.  Mrs.  Catherine  Porten  established 
hers  *'in  College  Street  in  1748,"  and  it  was 
here  that  Edward  Gibbon  boarded,  the  pro- 
prietor being  his  aunt.  Was  it  in  Great  or 
Little  College  Street?  Mrs.  Porten  after- 
wards moved  into  a  presumably  larger  house, 
"  on  the  terrace  at  the  south  side  of  Dean's 
Yard."  Is  the  house  known  ?  Clapham's 
was,  I  believe,  afterwards  known  as  Jones's, 
Best's,  Benthall's,  and  since  1846  as  Rigaud's. 
The  last  was  rebuilt,  I  have  been  told,  in 
1897,  and,  like  Grant's,  is  still  existent,  as  is 
also,  I  believe,  the  one  originally  known  as 
Mrs.  Driffield's,  which  at  a  subsequent  time 
became  Scott's.  Burgess's  was  in  Great 
Smith  Street.  I  shall  be  glad  to  know  its 
position.  Jeremy  Bentham  boarded  at  Mrs. 
Morell's,  which  makes  it  of  considerable 
interest.  As  this  locality  is  fast  being  im- 
proved out  of  knowledge  and  existence,  it 
may  be  difficult  in  a  very  short  time  to  trace 
these  houses.  W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY. 

Westminster. 


128 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io»-  s.  ir.  AUG.  13,  i9ot. 


FOTHERINGAY. — Has  any  explanation  ever 
been  given  of  the  name  of  Fotheringay  1  I 
see  it  is  sometimes  spelt  Pother  inghay.  Which 
is  correct?  The  unfailing  interest  connected 
with  Mary  Stuart  makes  everything  related 
to  her  of  note.  HELGA. 

SWAN-NAMES.  —  Will  some  one  kindly  tell 
me  the  names  of  the  male  and  female  swan  1 
I  understand  they  are  only  mentioned  in  very 
old  natural  histories.  E.  W. 

PSALM-SINGING  WEAVERS.— This  quasi-pro- 
verbial phrase  was  familiar  to  me  in  my 
youth.  I  find  that  Tennyson  uses  it  in  *  Queen 
Mary,'  III.  iv.  :— 

Banner.  I  am  on  fire  until  I  see  them  flame. 

Gardiner.  Ay,  the  psalm-singing  weavers,  cob- 
blers, scum. 

But  I  am  inclined  to  think  this  an  ana- 
chronism. Does  not  the  phrase  refer  to  the 
French  Huguenot  weavers  of  Spitalfields,  who 
had  certainly  not  come  thither  in  Mary's  time1? 
Can  any  one  give  some  authentic  account  1 
The  Indexes  of  *  N.  &  Q.'  fail  me. 

C.  B.  MOUNT. 

PHRASES  AND  REFERENCE.— What  is  the 
origin  of  "Queen  Anne  is  dead,"  "The 
coroner's  cup,"  "St.  Giles's  cup,"  "Brown  and 
Thompson's  Penny  Hotels,"  "  Wet  and  dry 
Quakers"?  MEDICULUS. 

[For  Queen  Anne  see  4th  S.  iii.  467.] 

NINE  MAIDENS.— In  Cornwall  the  stone 
circles  are  commonly  known  as  "Nine 
Maidens."  There  are  at  least  four  of  them 
remaining  within  five  miles  of  Penzance. 
Edmonds,  in  his  'Land's  End  District,' says 
that  they  all  consisted  of  nineteen  stones  or 
pillars,  standing  upright  from  3ft.  to  5ft. 
above  ground,  and  he  thinks  that  the  term 
"Nine  Maidens"  is  an  abbreviation  for 
"  Nineteen  Maidens." 

Do  the  stone  circles  existing  in  other  parts 
of  the  kingdom  consist  of  nineteen  stones  1 
Edmonds  points  out  that  the  inner  circle 
at  Stonehenge  contains  nineteen  stones.  Is 
this  the  case  elsewhere?  and  if  so,  where1? 
What  is  the  signification  of  the  number 
nineteen  ?  and  what  is  the  derivation  of  the 
word  "  maidens  "  in  this  connexion  1 

W.  G.  D.  F. 

PARISH  CLERK.  —  The  race  of  the  old- 
fashioned  parish  clerk  is  fast  passing  away. 
Many  stories  of  his  quaintness,  his  curious 
manners  and  customs,  still  exist,  and  I  am 
trying  to  collect  these  before  they  are  quite 
forgotten.  I  shall  be  very  grateful  if  any  of 
your  readers  will  kindly  send  me  descriptions 
ot  the  old-fashioned  services  which  existed 
in  the  middle  of  the  last  century,  and  per- 


haps still  linger  on  in  obscure  villages  and 
country  towns.  The  old  clerk  was  often  a 
very  worthy  person,  who  served  God  and  did 
his  duty  according  to  his  lights  and  know- 
ledge, and  stories  of  his  faithfulness,  as  weU 
as  of  his  quaintness,  would  be  very  accept- 
able. P.  H.  DlTCHFIELD. 
Barkham  Rectory,  Wokingham. 

"  OUR  ELEVEN  DAYS."— When  O.  S.  reckon- 
ing ceased  in  England  with  2  September, 
1752,  the  sun  rose  next  morning  on  the  14th  :: 
the  date  was  as  it  would  have  been  if  eleven 
clear  days  had  actually  intervened.  How  is 
it,  then,  that  the  calculations  in  Bond's 
'Handy-Book  for  Verifying  Dates,'  relating, 
to  subsequent  years  of  the  eighteenth  cen- 
tury, allow  for  an  interval  of  only  ten  com- 
plete days  between  Old  Style  and  New  1 — e.g., 
1  March,  O.S.  1799,  is  said  to  correspond 
with  12  March  N.S.  (p.  9).  This  view  was 
also  taken  by  the  winner  of  the  first  prize  in 
the  competition  lately  instituted  by  the  Times 
for  the  advertisement  of  the  *  Encyclopaedia 
Britannica.'  I  have  a  printed  copy  of  his- 
answers  before  me  now,  in  which  it  is  asserted 
that  1  March  N.S.,  1765,  corresponds  with 
18  February  O.S.,  and  1  March  O.S.  with 
12  March  N.S. 

I  observe  that  the  'E.B.'  says  (vol.  iv. 
p.  677)  the  legal  year  O.S.  began  on  25  May. 
This  is  surely  a  misprint  for  March. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

[Our  friend  ST.  SWITHIN  is  under  a  misappre- 
hension. The  statement  quoted  from  Bond  agrees 
with  ST.  SWITHIN'S  own.  ST.  SWITHIN  states  in? 
the  third  line  that  3  September  O.S.  was  called 
14  September  N.S.,  as  is  generally  agreed.  Bond 
and  the  '  E.  B.'  competitor  state  that  1  March  O.S- 
is  12  March  N.S.^and  consequently  that  3  March 
O.S.  is  14  March  N.S.,  which  agrees  perfectly  with 
ST.  SWITHIN'S  own  instance.  Bond  omits  eleven 
days  (not  ten,  as  ST.  SWITHIN  states  above),  for  if 
the  day  following  the  end  of  February  is  called 
12  March,  eleven  days  have  been  omitted.] 

SILK  MEN  :  SILK  THROWSTERS. — I  should 
be  glad  of  any  information  as  to  the  old 
guilds  of  "Silk  Men,"  "Silk  Women,"  and 
"  Silk  Throwsters,"  which  flourished  in  the- 
early  part  of  the  seventeenth  century. 

S.  GORDON. 

"  Loci  TENENTES." — This  queer  expression, 
meant  as  a  plural  of  locum  tenens,  is  used  by 
a  medical  gentleman  in  the  'Editor's  Post- 
Bag  '  of  the  Daily  News  for  Monday,  25  July. 
Is  it  an  established  locution  in  the  medical 
profession  ?  I  do  not  remember  having  seen 
it  before.  J.  P.  OWEN. 

TALL  ESSEX  WOMAN,  MRS.  GORDON. — Where 
can  I  find  any  mention  of  her  except  in  th& 


ii.  AUG.  is,  low.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


129 


Gentleman's  Magazine  ?    She   was  exhibitec 
to  the  royal  family,  and  died  in  1737. 

J.  M.  BULLOCH. 
118,  Pall  Mall. 

FRENCH  NOVEL.— Can  any  of  your  reader 
give  me  particulars  as  to  authorship  an< 
date  of  an  old  French  story  of  society  in  th 
reign  of  Louis  XVI.,  entitled  *Le  Chateai 
de  Tours/  or  something  similar  ?  J.  G. 

PILGRIMS'    WAYS.— The    more   one    work 
upon  these  old  roads,  the  more  fascinating 
(and  the  more  difficult)  they  become.    Can 
any  reader  refer  me  to  authorities  or  tradi 
tions  earlier   than  1850-60,  identifying  anj 
way  (apart  from   the  London,   Dover,  anc 
Sandwich  roads)  as  being  associated  with  th 

S'lgrimages  to  the  shrine  of  St.  Thomas 
ost  of  the  "evidence"  I  can  find  falls  back 
upon  the  Ordnance  Survey;  and  the  director 
of  the  Survey  tells  me  that  the  notes  of  the 
surveyors,  on  which  they  based  their  lines 
of  Pilgrims'  Ways,  were  not  preserved  or 
published.  Points  of  particular  difficulty 
are : — 

1.  What  was  the  line  from  Winchester  to 
Farnham  ? 

2.  From  St.  Martha's,  Guildford,  to  Merst 
ham? 

3.  From  Gravelly  Hill,  above  Godstone,  to 
Pilgrim  House,  above  Westerham  1 

4.  Where  did  the  bulk  of  the  Winchester- 
Canterbury  pilgrims  cross  the  Medway  1  Did 
any  appreciable  number  cross  at  Aylesford, 
Snodland,  or   Hailing    (as    usually  stated)? 
and  if  so,  why  ? 

5.  Did  the  pilgrims  habitually  use  the  piece 
of    "Way"    beyond   Charing?     And   if  so, 
why  did  they  not  take  the  road  by  Challock 
Lees,  Molash,  and  Chilham  ? 

6.  Does  not  the  Pilgrims'  Way,   beyond 
Charing    and    Eastwell    Park,    run    almost 
directly    to    Lymne    or    some  ancient  port 
eastward  thereof?    And  did  it  not  run  so  a 
thousand  years  before  Becket's  martyrdom  ? 

7.  What  were  the  objective  points  of  the 
two  pieces  of  Pilgrims'  Way   south  east  of 
Canterbury,  by  Barton  Fields,  Hoad  Farm, 
Patrixbourne,  and  Shepherd's  Close  to  Hedon 
Wood  ;  and  by  Great  Bossington,  Uffington 
Goodnestone  Park,  and  Chillenden? 

Can  any  readers  give  me  reference  to  the 
Pilgrims'  Way  from  the  Eastern  Counties, 
which  came  to  the  ferry  at  West  Thurrock 
and  entered  Kent  at  Ingress  Abbey  ? 

Can  any  one  tell  me  when  the  London- 
Dover  road  deserted  the  old  Watling  Street 
way,  from  Strood,  by  Shorne  Wood,  Shingle- 
well,  and  Springhead,  to  Dartford  ;  and  took 
its  modern  course  by  Gadshill,  Chalk,  North- 


fleet,  and  Greenhithe?    In  1675  (Ogilby)  it 
took  its  present  course. 

Just  one  more  question.  Is  the  term 
Pilgrims'  Way,  or  Pilgrim -Way,  at  all 
generally  used  as  denoting  a  bridle-path  ? 
At  Eastwell  Park,  on  "  the  "  Pilgrims'  Way, 
I  met  a  gamekeeper  who  spoke  of  several 
lanes  thereabout  as  "only  a  short  cut  or 
pilgrim-way  "  ;  and  I  wonder  whether  this  is 
the  sense  in  which  the  informants  of  the 
Ordnance  surveyors  described  the  lanes 
south-east  of  Canterbury. 

H.  SNOWDEN  WARD. 

Hadlow,  Kent. 

WAGGONER'S  WELLS.— What  is  the  origin 
of  this  place-name?  It  is  given  to  a  series 
of  ponds  in  Hampshire,  near  the  Surrey 
border,  and  is  sometimes  spelt  Wakener's 
Wells.  It  is  presumable  that  it  has  no  con- 
nexion with  waggon  or  the  drivers  of  wag- 
gons. Can  it  have  anything  to  do  with  the 
blower  of  a  horn,  who  awakened  the  echo 
which  can  be  heard  in  this  valley  ?  In  Saxon 
times  there  was  a  law  in  Kent  (the  twenty- 
eighth  law  of  Wihtrsed)  to  the  effect  that  if 
a  stranger  approached  a  village  in  any  other 
manner  than  by  the  road  he  had  to  shout  or 
blow  a  horn,  otherwise  he  would  be  reckoned 
a  thief  and  summarily  dealt  with  (see  G. 
Baldwin  Brown, '  The  Arts  in  Early  England/ 
1903,  vol.  i.  p.  81).  Can  this  be  a  spot  where 
it  was  usual  to  blow  a  horn  in  this  way  ? 

H.  W.  UNDERDOWN. 

RULES  OF  CHRISTIAN  LIFE.  —  I  remember 
that  in  my  youth,  and  later,  there  was  in 
every  bedroom  in  this  house,  and  in  many 
i>ther  houses,  a  framed  set  of  rules  of  Christian 
ife.  It  began  thus  : — 

Christian,  remember 

That  thou  hast  to-day 

A  God  to  glorify, 

A  soul  to  save,  &c. 

I  believe  it  was  a  translation  from  similar 
•ules  in  some  foreign  monastery.  I  should 
much  like  to  get  a  copy,  either  in  Latin  or 
~Cnglish.  HENRY  N.  ELLACOMBE. 

Bitton  Vicarage,  Bristol. 

JOHN  BUTLER,  M.P.  FOR  SUSSEX,  1747, 1754, 
AND  1761.— What  was  the  date  or  approxi- 
mate date  of  his  birth  ?  H.  C. 

BACON  AND  THE  DRAMA  OF  HIS  AGE.— It 
las  been  asserted  that  Bacon  spoke  with 
,reat  disdain  about  the  dramatic  stage  and 
heatricals  of  his  own  age  (cf.  Kuno  Fischer's 
work  on  *  Francis  Bacon,'  second  edition, 
875,  p.  289).  Where  did  Bacon  pass  this 
udgment?  To  quote  his  words  would  be 
esirable.  H.  KREBS. 


130 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  AUG.  is, 


AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED.—  I  am 
anxious  to  trace  to  their  sources  the  follow- 
ing quotations  :  — 

1.  Transeat  hoc  quoque  inter  fugacia  bona. 

2.  Errores  primse  concoctionis  raro  corriguntur 
in  secunda  aut  tertia. 

3.  Ingeniosus  in  alienis  malis. 

4.  Onmia  mea  desideria,  labores  omnes,  omnes 
curas. 

5.  Sum  similior  ambigenti. 

I  should  also  like  to  be  able  to  explain  the 
references  in  the  following  :  — 

6.  "Virtue  ......  is   Peregrina   in    terris,    in    cselo 

civis." 

7.  "1  have  this  day  practised  the  rule  of  life, 
Diffidere"  (cf.  Bacon,   'Nov.   Org.,'  i.  92,   "Pru- 
dentia  civilis  ......  ex  prsescripto  diffidit"). 

8.  "The  words  of  the  tragedian,  Jam  mansueta 
mala"  (cf.  Livy,  iii.  16,  "Mansuetum  id  malum"). 

In  the  following  quotations  the  author  is 
given,  but  not  the  exact  reference. 

9.  Ego  soleo  hortari  amicos  meos  ut  in  melan- 
cholicis    afFectionibus    abstineant    a    validioribus 
remediis.    (Galen.) 

10.  Omnis  morbus  contra  complexionatum  pati- 
entis    vel    temporis   est   periculosus    aut  longus. 
(Avicenna.  ) 

11.  In  adversities  to  compress  murmur,  "for  our 
Providence,"    sayth    he,    ""is  too  short  to    judge 
whether  there  may  not  lie,  under  the  outside  of  an 
apparent  evil,  some  unimaginable  good."    (Plato.) 

12.  In  which  of  his  writings  did  Averrhoes  de- 
scribe the  situation  of  Venice  as  being  seated  in 
the  very  middle  point  between  the  equinoctial  and 
the  Northern  Pole,  at  45  degrees  precisely  ? 

H.  W. 


BATHING-MACHINES. 
(10th  S.  ii.  67.) 

THE  earliest  English  bathing-machines 
were,  I  think,  those  introduced  by  a  Mr.  Beale 
at  Margate.  I  have  apparently  mislaid  a 
large  engraving  (trade  card)  of  his  which,  if 
I  mistake  not,  contains  a  date.  Towards 
the  end  of  the  eighteenth  century  James 
Mitchener  was  supplying  machines,  also  at 
Margate.  His  trade  card  —  or  more  properly 
shop  bill—  affords  a  representation  of  an 
enclosure  on  the  shore,  an  office,  waiting- 
room,  and  very  quaint  machines.  The 
undertaking  is  advertised  as  follows  :— 

"At  Margate  in  the  Isle  of  Thanet,  Kent,  is 
greeted  by  James  Mitchener  Commodious  Machines 
for  Bathing  m  the  Sea.  Where  the  Nobility 
Gentry  &  others  who  are  pleased  to  Favour  him 
may  depend  on  all  possible  Care  with  a  proper 
Guide  for  the  Ladies,  and  himself  for  the  Gentle- 
men, and  their  Favours  thankfully  acknowledg'd 
by  1  heir  most  Obedient  and  humble  Servant,  James 
Mitchener.  Elizabeth  Rowe,  Guide."  (Masonic 
emblems  in  the  margin.) 

Later    in    date—  perhaps   1810-20—  is    the 


well-engraved  ticket  of  Amidas  and  Mary 
Sufflen,  also  of  "  Margate  in  Kent."  Here, 
again,  is  a  private  enclosure,  bathing- 
machines  of  a  type  approximating  to  that  of 
those  now  in  use,  and  "a  neat  and  convenient 
Bathing  Room,"  with  steps  leading  down  to 
the  sea.  Internal  comfort  is  suggested  by  the 
presence  of  a  chimney,  and  the  female  bathers 
were  conducted  to  the  ocean  by  the  lady 
herself  as  a  guide.  J.  ELIOT  HODGKIN. 

In  "A  short  Description  of  the  Isle  of 
Thanet;  being  chiefly  intended  as  a  direc- 
tory for  the  company  resorting  to  Margate, 
Ramsgate,  and  Broadstairs,"  published  at 
Margate  in  1796,  the  following  account  is 
given  of  the  bathing  at  Margate  : — 

"Near  the  sea  are  several  commodious  bathing- 
rooms,  which  are  the  general  resort  of  the  company 
every  morning,  and  where  they  either  drink  the 
salt  water,  or  in  their  several  turns  are  driven  in 
the  machines  to  any  depth  in  the  sea,  under  the 
conduct  of  careful  and  experienced  guides  ;  within 
the  machine  is  a  door  through  which  the  bathers 
descend  a  few  steps  into  the  water,  where  they  are 
concealed  from  public  view  by  an  umbrella  of  canvas 
attached  to  the  back  part  of  the  machine :  about 
forty  of  these  machines  are  frequently  employed 
every  morning.  The  public  are  obliged  to  Benjamin 
Beale,  one  of  the  people  called  Quakers,  for  the 
invention  of  them  ;  their  structure  is  at  once  simple 
and  convenient,  and  the  pleasures  of  bathing  may, 
under  their  friendly  shade,  be  enjoyed-in  so  private 
a  manner,  as  not  to  offend  the  strictest  and  most 
refined  delicacy." 

I  have  a  small  engraving  (about  Gin.  by 
3|in.)  headed  "For  Bathing  in  the  sea  at 
Margate  in  the  Isle  of  Thanet,  Kent."  It 
shows  the  machines  in  different  positions, 
and  the  bathing  -  rooms  mentioned  above. 
There  is  no  date  or  name  on  the  engraving  ; 
but  it  may  probably  be  about  the  same  date 
as  the  'Directory,'  or  a  little  earlier. 

J.  F.  R. 

In  the  Home  Counties  Magazine  for  October, 
1903,  a  facsimile  was  given  of  a  business  card 
relating  to  bathing  in  the  sea  at  Margate.  It 
bears  no  date,  but  may  presumably  belong  to 
the  latter  years  of  the  eighteenth  century. 
The  upper  part  of  the  card  contains  a  roughly 
drawn  representation  of  a  bathing-machine 
being  drawn  by  a  horse  up  the  beach  to- 
wards a  bathing-house.  On  the  side  of  the 
machine  is  inscribed  in  large  letters  "  Wood's 
Machine,"  and  on  the  space  in  the  picture 
devoted  to  the  sky  is  displayed  the  legend, 
"  Careful  Guides  to  the  Ladies.  Thos.  Wood 
to  Gentlemen."  Beneath  the  picture  is  the 
following  advertisement : — 

"  At  Margate  in  Kent,  Thomas  Wood,  Successor 
to  William  Crow,  hath  every  Accommodation  for 
Bathing  in  the  Sea  at  his  Room  in  High  Street, 
with  careful  Guides  by  whom  all  Favours  will  be 


io*  s.  ii.  AC,,,  is,  1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


131 


gratefully  acknowledged.  A  Coffee  Room  adjoining 
M'here  the  London  Papers  are  daily  provided. 
Convenient  Lodgings  and  Stables.  Post  Chaises 
and  Saddle  Horses  to  hire.'' 

In  an  old  'Guide  to  Margate,  Ramsgate, 
Broadstairs,'  &c.,  n.d.,  published  by  Braiser, 
Margate,  is  given  a  picture  of  a  bathing- 
machine  very  similar  to  Wood's.  In  the 
adjacent  letterpress  is  the  following  sen- 
tence : — 

"  It  may  also  be  remarked  that  Margate  claims 
credit  for  the  invention  of  the  convenient  and  com- 
fortable machines  at  present  universally  adopted 


literally  unjust  if  Margate  did  not  come  in  for  her 
share  of  the  emoluments  arising  from  bathing, 
having  been  so  instrumental  in  their  establish- 
ment. 

Beale's  machines  must  have  been  very 
wonderful  constructions,  for  in  *  A  Guide  to 
all  the  Watering  and  Sea  Bathing  Places' 
(1803)  it  is  recorded  that  they  "may  be 
driven  to  any  depth  in  the  sea  by  careful 
guides"  !  A  contiguous  engraving  of  Margate 
shows  two  bathing-machines  standing  in  the 
water  ready  for  use.  See  also  8th  S.  iv.  346, 
415.  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

Bathing-machines  were  used,  if  not  in- 
vented, by  Ralph  Allen,  who  had  one  at 
Weymouth  in  1763.  A  picture  of  them  at 
Margate  was  in  the  Academy,  1775.  Abun- 
dant evidence  is  stored  in  '  N.  &  O.,'  7th  S.  ii. 

W.  C.  B. 

In  the  edition  of  '  Humphry  Clinker '  in 
Roscoe's  "  Modern  Novelists,"  which  contains 
some  of  Cruikshank's  best  work,  is  an 
engraving  representing 'Humphry's  Zeal  for 
his  Master,'  whom  he  is  dragging  out  by  the 
ear  from  the  sea  at  Scarborough.  On  the 
beach  is  a  bathing-machine  having  a  large 
hood  at  the  back,  and  several  people  are 
looking  on.  JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

My  brother  R.  W.  Henderson,  of  Basing 
House,  Rickmansworth,  has  a  water-colour 
drawing  by  his  great-grandfather,  George 
Keate,  of  Margate,  with  bathing-machines,  I 
think  dated  1787.  G.  B.  HENDERSON. 

3,  Bloomsbur}'  Place. 

The  invention  of  the  bathing-machine  is 
usually  credited  to  one  Benjamin  Beale,  a 
Quaker,  of  Margate,  who,  sad  to  relate,  is 
.said  to  have  ruined  himself  in  establishing 
his  invention,  while  his  widow  died  in  a 
Margate  almshouse  early  last  century. 

According  to  the  Globe  of  30  July,  sub 
*  In  a  Bathing-Machine,'  the  earliest  known 
allusion  to  the  machines  at  Margate  occurs 


in  the  'Travels'  of  Dr.  Richard  Pococke, 
where  he  refers  to  them  as  curiosities,  and  as 
being  used  at  that  Kentish  seaside  resort  in 
1754. 

In  the  Royal  Academy  Catalogue  for  1775 
is  the  reference  to  a  picture  described  as 
4  A  View  of  the  Bathing-Machines,  <fcc.,  near 
Margate.' 

The  first  bathing-machine  at  Weymouth 
was  constructed  for  Ralph  Allen  about  1763. 
Much  interesting  information  is  contained 
in  the  above  "turn-over-column"  in  the 
Globe,  which  I  should  advise  your  corre- 
spondent to  see.  CHAS.  HALL  CROUCH. 

According  to  the '  Picture  of  Margate,  being 
a  Complete  Guide  to  all  Persons  visiting 
Margate,  Ramsgate,  and  Broadstairs'  (1809), 

"The  merit  of  this  invention  is  owing  to  Mr. 
Benjamin  Beale,  formerly  an  inhabitant  of  Margate  : 
and  whose  widow  lately  died  at  Draper's  [i.e..,  at 
the  almshouses  there],  but  his  successors,  it  is  said, 
have  reaped  far  greater  advantages  from  these 
machines  than  himself." 

I  was  taught  swimming  when  a  boy  by 
John  Beale,  who  kept  a  bathing  establish- 
ment at  Margate  (and  who  was,  I  think,  a 
grandson  of  tne  inventor)  some  sixty  years 
ago.  JOHN  HEBB. 

Dr.  Miinzel  kindly  supplies  the  following 
description  of  the  picture  of  the  bathing- 
machine  which  is  preserved  in  his  room  at 
Hamburg.  It  bears  these  inscriptions  :— 
On  the  left,  "F.  Russell,  R.A.,  Crayon  Painter 
to  His  Majesty,  their  R1  Hs  the  Prince  of 
Wales  and  Duke  of  York " ;  on  the  right, 
"  Engraved  by  W.  Xutter " ;  in  the  middle, 
"London,  Published  by  Diemar,  No.  114, 
Strand."  E.  S.  DODGSON. 

This  subject  has  been  very  fully  discussed 
in  the  columns  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  If  your  corre- 
spondent requires  information  on  all  the 
points  raised  in  his  query  he  should  consult 
7th  S.  ii.  and  8th  S.  iv.,  v.,  in  which  the 
question  has  been  referred  to  on  ten  different 
occasions.  EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

COURT  DRESS  (10th  S.  ii.  100).— There  is  a 
new  Buckingham  Palace  uniform  under  the 
present  King,  which  has  also  been  worn  by 
His  Majesty  at  Windsor.  There  have  always 
been  special  uniforms  of  this  description  in 
various  regal  and  viceregal  households — for 
instance,  one  at  Dublin  Castle,  and  at 
the  Viceregal  Lodge,  worn  by  aides-de-camp, 
though  seldom  by  others.  D. 

AMBAN  (10th  S.  i.  506).  — Amban  is  the 
Tibetan  term  for  the  representative  of  China 


132 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  AUG.  13, im. 


at  the  Court  of  Lhasa.    There  are  two,  the 
senior  Amban  and  the  junior  Amban. 

Another  Tibetan  title  which  has  recentl 
found  its  way   into  our  journals  is  Shape 
(two  syllables).      Yutok    Shape   was   given 
as   the  name  of  one  of  the  Tibetan  peace 
delegates.     Sha-pe,    literally     "  lotos  -  foot,' 
means  a  Privy  Councillor,  one  of  the  five 
who  advise  the    Tibetan    Regent    in    state 
affairs.   See  Sand  berg's  'Manual  of  Colloquia 
Tibetan,'  1894.  JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

LAMONT  HARP  (10th  S.  i.  329 ;  ii.  71).— The 
purchaser  of  the  Lamont  Harp  is  a  distin- 
guished Edinburgh  antiquary,  Mr.  W.  Moir 
Bryce,  and  the  price  it  fetched  in  the  auction- 
room  was  525£.  I  hope  many  of  the  readers 
of  'N.  &  Q.'^took  the  opportunity  of  seeing 
this  unique  instrument  while  it  was  on  view 
at  the  recent  Loan  Exhibition  held  by  the 
Musicians'  Company  at  the  Fishmongers 
Hall.  The  harp  is  now  in  the  best  of  hands. 

A.  F.  H. 

THE  WHITE  COMPANY:  "NAKER"  (10th  S. 
ii.  68).— So  much  depends  upon  the  point  of 
view.  After  the  battle  of  Poitiers  multitudes 
of  disbanded  soldiers  formed  themselves  into 
"companies,"  living  by  the  open  plunder  of 
those  who  were  not  strong  enough  to  defend 
themselves.  The  state  of  "  our  sweet  enemy 
France"  might  have  made  even  Edward, 
'•'with  the  lilies  on  his  brow,"  pitiful.  The 
great  condottiere  Sir  John  Hawkwood,  called 
in  Italy  "  Giovanni  Aguto,"  was,  after  the 
peace  of  Bretigni  in  1360,  elected  captain  of 
the  White  or  English  Company,  so  called 
from  their  white  flags,  white  surcoats,  and 
glittering  arms.  The  soldiers,  of  whatever 
nationality,  who  had  fought  under  the  Eng- 
lish flag  were  known  thereafter  as  "Inglesi." 
In  one  point,  it  is  said,  they  were  less  brutal 
than  the  other  nationalities,  for  they  did  not 
roast  or  mutilate  their  victims. 

An  amusing  criticism  of  Sir  A.  Conan 
-Doyle's  novel  will  be  found  in  the 
Ancestor,  vol.  iii.  p.  177,  under  the  heading 
Antiquary  and  Novelist,'  by  the  editor,  Mr. 
Oswald  Barron.  Sir  A.  Conan  Doyle's  reply 
appeared  in  vol.  iv.  p.  251.  A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

Halliwell  in  his  '  Dictionary  of  Archaic  and 
Provincial    Words,'   defines    "naker"  to  be 
•  a     m?iT0f  drum-"    A  kettle-drum,  accord- 
ing to  War-ton,  i.  169;  "pipes,  trompes,  and 
nakers,  Mmot,  p.  63.     Ducange  describes  it 
to  have  been  a  kind  of  brazen  drum  used  in 
the  cavalry,  and  Maundevile,  p.  281,  mentions 
it  as  a  high-sounding  instrument  :— 
With  trumpis  and  with  nakerere, 
And  with  the  schalmous  fulle  olere. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i. 


The  following  extract  is  taken  from  c  A 
Dictionary  of  Names,  Nicknames,  and  Sur- 
names,' by  Edward  Latham,  recently  pub- 
lished : — 

"La  Compagnie  Blanche.  A  band  of  assassins 
organized  in  Toulouse  in  the  thirteenth  century  by 
'the  ferocious  Folquet,'  Bishop  of  Toulouse.  This 
company  joined  the  army  of  Simon  de  Montfort 
when  he  besieged  Toulouse.  The  name  was  also 
assumed  by  a  band  of  freebooters  (the  '  Grand  Com- 
panies'),  led  by  Bertrand  du  Guesclin  in  1366, 
from  the  white  cross  which  each  wore  on  his 
shoulder.  He  was  ransomed  from  English  captivity 
for  the  purpose  of  ridding  France  of  these  adven- 
turers, and,  placing  himself  at  their  head,  he  led 
them  out  of  the  country  into  Spain." 

EVERARD   HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

"SuN  AND  ANCHOR"  INN  (10th  S.  i.  504; 
ii.  92). — I  am  grateful  to  MR.  MACMICHAEL  for 
his  reply.  Scotter  Eau  (or,  as  it  was  formerly 
spelt,  Ea  and  Hay)  is  but  a  beck,  as  we  call 
small  streams.  It  can  certainly  never  in 
historic  times  have  been  used  as  an  anchorage. 
In  very  dry  summers  it  has  been  known  to- 
become  quite  dry.  There  are  now  two 
bridges  at  Scotter,  but  they  have  both  been 
built  during  the  Victorian  time.  At  an  earlier 
date  there  were  fords  only.  I  am  glad  to 
know  of  the  London  "  Sun  and  Anchor." 
Perhaps  some  readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  can  tell 
me  how  it  came  by  its  name. 

EDWARD  PEACOCK. 

Kirton-in-Lindsey. 

VACCINATION  AND  INOCULATION  (10th  S.  ii. 
27). — A  propos  of  the  barbarous  method  of 
inoculating  persons  with  the  smallpox  virus 
much  in  vogue  during  the  latter  half  of  the* 
ighteenth  century,  the  following  advertise- 
ment may  prove  of  interest :  — 

Inoculation  by  Robert  Goodman,  of  Guilsborough, 
at  a  Lodge,  in  the  Parish  of  Guilsborough,  at  Two 
jruineas  each  Patient,  for  a  fortnight,  with  all 
Necessaries  (Wine  excepted). 

All  that  please  for  to  put  themselves  under  my  Care* 
Vtay  depend  on  good  Usage  and  good  proper  Fare  ; 
?or  twenty  odd  Years,  this  my  Business  I've  made, 
Ancl  am  thought,  by  much  People,  to  well  know  my 

Trade : 

["hen  be  not  in  Doubt,  but  with  Speed  to  me  come- 
dy the  Blessing  of  God,  I  can  send  you  safe  Home. 

This  advertisement  dates  from   the  year 
790.  The  village  of  Guilsborough  is  situated 
about  three  miles  from  here,  in  the  county  of 
Northampton. 

Were  patients  ever  inoculated  at  their  own 
lomes  1  or  was  it  always  the  custom  to  enter 
nto  residence  for  treatment  in  the  manner 
indicated  in  the  advertisement  I  have  quoted  T 
Since  writing  the  above  I  have  come  across 
the  following  reference  to  inoculation.     On 
the  south  wall  of  the  chancel  of  St.  Andrew's 


io«> s.  ii.  At,,  w,  1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


133 


Church,  Buxton,  Norfolk,  is  a  tablet  to  Mary 
Ann  Kent, 

"daughter  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kent,  of  Fulham, 
Middlesex,  who  died  under  Inoculation  on  the  10 
day  of  March,  1773.  in  the  fourth  year  of  her  age. 
This  much  lamented  Child  was  in  the  highest  state 
of  Health  and  her  mental  powers  began  to  open  and 
promise  fairest  Fruit,  when  her  fond  parents,deluded 
by  a  Prevalent  Custom,  suffered  the  rough  officious 
hand  of  Art  to  Wound  the  Flourishing  root  of 
Nature,  and  rob  the  little  innocent  of  the  gracious 
(iift  of  Life.  Let  this  unhappy  Event  teach  dis- 
trustful Mortals  that  there  is  no  safety  but  in  the 
hands  of  Almighty  God." 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 
West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

"A  SINGING  FACE"  (10th  S.  ii.  87).— This 
occurs  in  the  play  4Bombastes  Furioso,' 
where  Fusbos,  the  Minister  of  State,  attempts 
to  sing,  and  Bombastes,  the  general,  says  :— 

Fusbos,  give  place. 

I  ou  know  you  haven't  got  a  singing  face  : 
Here,  nature,  smiling,  gave  the  winning  grace. 

STAPLETON  MARTIN. 
The  Firs,  Norton,  Worcester. 

ELIAS  TRAVERS'S  DIARY  (10th  S.  ii.  68).— 
An  account  of  this  diary  is  given  in  the 
Siritish  Quarterly  Review  for  January,  1872, 
under  the  title  of  4  An  English  Interior  in  the 
Seventeenth  Century.'  Some  extracts  from 
this  paper  appear  in' 6th  S.  i.  453. 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 
71 ,  Brecknock  Road. 

LARGEST  PRIVATE  HOUSE  IN  ENGLAND 
(10th  S.  ii.  29).— Campden,  in  Gloucestershire, 
before  it  was  burnt  during  the  Civil  Wars, 
occupied  eight  acres.  One  would  have 
thought  that  the  largest  mansion  in  England 
was  one  of  the  following  :  Longleat,  Eaton 
Hall,  Ilaby  Castle,  Audley  End,  Chats- 
worth,  Belvoir  Castle,  Luton  Hoo,  Blen- 
heim, Althorpe,  or  Holkham  in  Norfolk. 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

SHAKESPEARE'S  SONNET  xxvi.  (10th  S.  ii.  67). 
—Sonnet  xxvi.  must  be  studied  as  a  whole, 
and  then  it  cannot  be  understood  without 
reference  to  the  preceding  sonnet-series 
(i.-xxv.).  The  latter  are  ostensibly  addressed 
to  a  beautiful  youth,  with  whom  the  poet  is 
on  more  than  intimate  terms,  for  xxv.  ends 
with  a  declaration  of  their  mutual,  firm,  and 
enduring  love.  But  in  xxvi.  we  plunge  into 
another  and  very  frigid  atmosphere.  This 
sonnet  was  sent  as  an  envoi,  or  covering  note, 
with  i.-xxv.,  to  the  addressee,  who  had  evi- 
dently laid  on  the  poet  a  charge— a  request  or 
command — that  he  would  produce  a  poem  or 
poems  on  a  given  subject.  This  charge  the 
poet  has  taken  up  and  executed,  and  so 
fulfilled  a  thrice-named  duty.  But  several 


points  are  obvious,  as  that  the  addressee  was; 
a  man  of  sufficient  station  and  authority  to- 
secure  the  execution  of  his  wishes  ;  also  than 
Shakespeare  was  but  slightly  acquainted 
with  him,  although  he  hopes  to  be  on  friendly 
terms  someday;  also  that  sonnets  i.-xxv.  were 
pure  poetry,  so  that  the  poet  fears  they  may 
be  taken  as  a  mere  exercise  of  his  cleverness. 
Then,  with  poetical  humility,  he  depreciates- 
his  work,  but  hopes  that  the  addressee's  good 
opinion  will  pass  over  its  defects. 

The  only  intelligible  interpretation  of  this 
sonnet  is  that  the  addressee  is  Mr.  W.  H.,  the 
"only  begetter"  of  the  Sonnets,  i.e.,  the 
original  cause  of  their  production — at  any 
rate  of  the  initial  series. 

T.  LE  MARCHANT  DOUSE. 

[The  writer  obliges  us  with  a  communication  on 
Shakespeare's  Sonnets  in  Mrs.  Stopes's  edition,, 
contributed  to  the  Literary  World  of  1  July.] 

ADAM  ZAD  (10th  S.  ii.  48).— I  suppose  MR, 
STILWELL  refers  to  Persian  ddamt-zdd,  "a- 
son  of  Adam,  a  man,"  the  latter  portion  of 
the  phrase  being  from  Persian  zadan,  "to- 
bring  forth."  Natives  of  India  call  bears- 
ddam  -  zdd,  or  "  sons  of  men,"  considering 
them  half  human,  and  will  not,  as  a  rule, 
molest  them  (Forsyth,  *  Highlands  of  Central 
India,'  second  ed.,  p.  365).  EMERITUS. 

NATALESE  (10th  S.  i.  446,  515  ;  ii.  76).  - 
From  H.  2's  observation  at  the  last  reference 
I  gather  that  his  original  note  was  to  be 
taken  as  evidence  for  Natalensis,  though 
the  question  of  Latinization  was  not  there 
broached.  I  quite  agree  that  if  an  in- 
habitant of  the  colony  is  commonly  called 
a  Natalese,  then  Natalensis  is  a  suitable 
rendering.  On  the  other  hand,  if  he  is 
usually  known  as  a  Natalian,  Natalianus 
is  indicated  on  comparing  Italian  with 
Italianus.  But  a  far  better  version  than  either 
of  these  may  be  obtained  by  using  the  full 
designation, Terra Natalis, in  conjunction  with 
some  such  word  as  cives  or  voluntarii.  This- 
would  place  the  Latinity  beyond  cavil.  With 
regard  to  the  usually  gentilitial  -anus,  which 
presumably  renders  Natalianus  "impossible,^ 
I  fear  that  H.  2's  contention  that  stems 
ending  with  a  liquid  or  nasal  take  -ensis  is- 
inadequate.  Liquids  may  be  found,  requi- 
sitely  placed,  in  yEsolani,  Asculani,  Atellani, 
Bolani,  Fsesulani,  Longulani,  Nolani,  Ocri- 
culani,  Puteolani,  Rusellani,  Tralliani,  Trebu- 
lani,  Tusculani,  Verulani ;  and  nasals  in 
Romani,  Cumani,  Transrheriani,  and  so  forth. 
(The  true  stem  vowel-endings  are  here,  as  in 
H.  2's  examples,  ignored  ;  though  why  the  -i 
of  natali-  is  elided  in  Natalese  I  do  not 
understand.) 


134 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       no*  s.  n.  AUG.  13, 100*. 


May  I,  in  conclusion,  protest  against  the 
antiquated  practice  of  using  Latin  inscrip- 
tions on  such  monuments'?  The  English 
language  is  both  extensive  and  dignified 
enough  to  provide  suitable  phrases,  and, 
apart  from  mere  pedantry,  there  is  no  reason 
why  it  should  thus  be  continually  flouted  as 
if  fit  only  for  vulgar  speech.  J.  DORMER. 

THE  ENGLISH  CHANNEL  (10th  S.  i.  448 ;  ii.  34). 
— In  Fernau  Duero's  *  El  Armada  In vencible,' 
which  contains  all  the  dispatches  relating  to 
the  Arrnada,  the  writers  invariably  call  the 
English  Channel  "el  Canal  de  Flandes" 
<the  Flanders  Channel)  and  the  Bristol 
Channel"  la  Manga  de  Bristol  "(the  Bristol 
Sleeve).  H.  2. 

BAILIFF  OF  EAGLE  (10th  S.  ii.  46).— No  date 
of  the  Church  Times  issue  alluded  to  is  given ; 
but  apparently  mention  is  not  there  made  of 
•the  fact  that  this  holding  of  the  Hospitallers 
•was  originally  a  commandery  of  the  Knights 
Templar,  who  held  the  manor  of  Eagle  by 
the  gift  of  King  Stephen.  The  duties  of  the 
Duke  of  Connaught  as  the  Bailiff  of  Eagle, 
if  they  correspond  to  those  of  the  old  office, 
.are  seemingly  "  the  ordering  of  husbandry, 
the  exercise  of  authority  to  gather  the  profits 
for  the  lord's  use,  to  pay  quitrents  issuing 
out  of  the  manor,  fell  [?  or  sell]  trees,  and 
-dispose  of  the  under-servants."  Is  the  King 
the  present  lord  ? 

J.   HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

SILVER  BOUQUET-HOLDER  (10th  S.  ii.  50).— 
According  to  Chaffers's  '  Handbook  to  Hall- 
Marks  on  Gold  and  Silver  Plate'  (London, 
1897),  the  following  are  the  Edinburgh  hall- 
marks : — 

1.  The    standard     mark.      The    deacon's 
initials  from   1457   to  1757.    After  that  the 
thistle. 

2.  The  maker's  mark,  from  1457. 

3.  The  town  mark.     A  castle  with   three 
towers,  from  1483. 

4.  The  date  letter,  from  1681-2. 

5.  The  duty  mark  of  the  sovereign's  head, 
from  1784. 

The  bouquet-holder  referred  to  by  C.  &  T. 
would,  therefore,  seem  to  be  of  very  early 
date  if  it  was  "evidently  made  before  such 
marks  were  compulsory  in  Scotland  " 

T.  F.  D. 

May  this  not  possibly  be  of  the  date  of 
Margaret  "  the  Maid  of  Norway,"  who  died 
in  Orkney  on  her  way  to  Scotland  in  1290  ? 
THOMAS  AWDRY. 

A  ROYAL  CARVER  (10th  S.  ii.  27).  — The 
nolders  of  this  office  have  already  been  given 


in  5th  S.  viii.,  from  the  time  of  James  II 
(1686-9)  to  1782,  when  the  office  in  Englanc 
was  supposed  to  have  been  abolished,  bui 
continued  in  Scotland  to  1818. 

EVERARD  HOME   COLEMAN. 

SPANISH  PROVERB  ON  THE  ORANGE  (10th  S 
i.  206,  251;. — Many  years  ago,  when  living  ir 
a  country  that  once  belonged  to  Spain,  ] 
used  to  hear  the  proverb  quoted,  "Honej 
is  gold  in  the  morning,  silver  at  noon,  anc 
lead  at  night."  M. 

Mangalore. 

GORDON  EPITAPH  (10th  S.  ii.  50).— Mr.  W.  H 
Brown,  in  an  interesting  contribution  t< 
Country  Life  of  17  June,  1899,  entitlec 
4  Curious  Epitaphs,'  says  that  this  occur; 
"in  a  churchyard  in  Heading";  and  as  hii 
remarks  were  the  result  of  ramblings  througl 
the  numerous  churchyards  of  rural  England 
when  he  made  notes  of  his  observations  ai 
the  time,  it  may  be  taken  that  his  is  the  mon 
correct  version.  It  is  as  follows  : — 

Here  lies  the  body  of  William  Gordon  ; 

He'd  a  mouth  almighty  and  teeth  accordin'  ; 

Stranger,  tread  lightly  on  this  sod, 

For  if  he  gapes,  you  're  gone,  by  God. 

Can  any  reader  say  whether  there  is  an^ 
truth  in  the  statement  that  a  wealthy  anc 
eccentric  old  fellow  named  Thorp  instructec 
his  executors  to  pay  100  guineas  for  ai 
epitaph,  which  was  to  be  truthful,  brief,  anc 
written  in  English  verse?  This  brief  couple 
is  said  to  have  taken  the  prize  : — 

Thorp's 

Corpse. 

J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

The  subjoined  '  Epitaph  on  a  Glutton '  is  i 
variant : — 

Here  lies  a  famous  belly-slave, 

Whose  mouth  was  wider  than  his  grave : 

Reader,  tread  lightly  o'er  his  sod, 

For,  should  he  gape,  you  're  gone,  by  God. 

G.  SYMES  SAUNDERS,  M.D. 

KING  JOHN'S  CHARTERS  (10th  S.  i.  469,  512 
ii.  57). — In  the  *  Itinerary  of  King  John, 
printed  in  the  work  entitled  *  A  Descriptior 
of  the  Patent  Rolls,'  ed.  J.  D.  Hardy,  1835 
the  dates  when  the  king  was  at  Vaudreuil 
Chateau  de  Vire,  and  Bonneville-sur-Touquef 
are  given  as  follows  : — 

Vaudreuil.— 1199,  17,  18  July,  19,  20  Aug. 
14  Oct.  ;  1201,  14  Dec. 

Chateau  de  Vire.— 1199,  13  Dec.;  1201 
11  Nov.  ;  1203,  11,  12,  13  April,  21,  22,  23  Nov 

Bonneville-sur-Touques.— 1199, 5  July;  1200 
4  Jan.,  7  May  ;  1201,  2  June,  30  Oct. ;  1203 
11,  25,  26,  27,  28,  29.  30  March,  10,  11,  12  May 
6  Aug.,  5  Sept.,  7,  9  Oct.,  12,  13  Nov. 


s.  ii.  A,,.  13,  i9w.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


135 


As  touching  W.  I.'s  query  (10th  S.  i.  469), 
4 1202,  datura  apud  Bonam  Villara  supe 
Tokam."  According  to  the  '  Itinerary '  Johi 
was  not  at  Bonneville  in  1202.  In  spite  o 
this  he  may  have  been  there  in  this  year,  fo 
in  many  instances  no  names  of  towns  ar 
placed  against  the  days  of  the  month. 

When  Richard  died  in  1199  John  was  i; 
France.  He  landed  at  Shoreham  in  Susse: 
on  25  May  ("apud  Schorham  applicuit  octav 
Kalendas  Junii,"  Roger  of  Wendover),  am 
was  crowned  at  Westminster  27  May.  Oi 
20  June  he  was  again  at  Shoreham  for  th 
return  voyage  to  France.  The  first  date  afte 
this  which  has  the  name  of  place  attachei 
is  29  June,  the  place  being  Roche-Orival.  H 
returned  to  England,  sailing  from  BarHeur 
on  24  February,  1200,  and  on  the  27th  he  i 
At  Portsmouth.  On  28  April  he  went  back 
to  r  ranee. 

MR.  H.  SPARLING  (ante,  p.  57)  speaks  o 
John  lying  at  Vaudreuil  in  1203,  at  the  time 
he  dismantled  Pont-de-PArche.  I  can  fine 
no  reference  in  the  'Itinerary'  (see  above 
to  John's  residence  at  Vaudreuil  in  1203 
But  he  appears  to  have  paid  three  visits  to 
Pont-de-1'Arche  in  this  year.  He  was  there 
on  21  May,  coming  from  Molineux  and  re 
turning  thither.  From  31  May  to  5  June 
inclusive  he  stayed  there,  coming  from  Rouen 
and  returning  to  the  same.  His  third  visit 
lasted  from  9  June  to  11  June  inclusive.  On 
5  December  of  this  year  he  came  to  Barfleur 
for  the  crossing  to  England. 

Searching  in  Matthew  Paris  and  Roger 
Wendover  under  this  date  1203,  1  find  that, 
whilst  John  was  wasting  his  days  in  Rouen 
in  noting  and  idleness,  castle  after  castle  was 
taken  from  him  by  Philip  II.  Amongst 
these  the  Castle  of  Vaudreuil  was  surrendered 
by  Robert  Fitz- Walter  and  Saher  de  Ouinci 
without  a  blow  being  struck.  When  he  was 
spoken  to  on  the  subject  of  his  losses,  John 
replied,  "  Let  him  [Philip]  do  it ;  I  in  one  day 
will  recover  what  he  now  seizes."  1203  was 
also  the  year  of  Arthur's  death.  At  the  end 
ot  this  year  the  only  towns  remaining  to 
John  were  Rouen,  Verneuil,  and  Arques 
I  exceptis  civitate  Rothomagi,  et  duobus 
castns,  Vernolio  atque  Archis,"  *  Ypodigma 
JNeustriw').  In  the  same  work  it  is  men- 
tioned, under  date  1418,  that  Henry  V. 
attacked  Pont-de-1'Arche:  "Movit  Dominus 
Kex  exercitum  versus  Pount  de  la  Arche." 

•Jii4,  Worple  Road,  Wimbledon0™'  WATSON' 

DIADEMS  (io^  S.  ii.  65). -Before  misquoting 
the  "splendid  line,"  the  writer  cited  might 
.have done  better  by  referring  to  the  'Comedy 


of  Errors.'  From  the  "carcanet"  which 
figures  therein  it  appears  probable  that 
Shakespeare  used  the  word  in  its  strictly 
correct  sense  of  "  necklace  "  in  the  sonnet  as 
well.  J.  DORMER. 

THOMAS  NEALE  :  "  HERBERLEY  "  (10th  S.  i. 
509  ;  ii.  58).— I  thank  H.  C.  for  his  suggestion 
at  the  latter  reference,  but  think  that  the 
clue  to  the  mystery  lies  in  another  direction. 

In  my  opinion  Holywood  and  every  one 
since  his  day  have  confused  Thomas  Neale, 
Regius  Professor  of  Hebrew,  with  John 
Neale,  M.A.  1560,  first  perpetual  Rector  of 
Exeter  College,  who  was  deprived  12  October, 
1570  (see  O.H.S.,  vol.  xxvii.  pp.  Ixxx, 
Ixxxviii,  68,  74,  297).  After  his  deprivation 
he  was  imprisoned  for  some  time,  but  even- 
tually arrived  at  the  English  College,  then  at 
Rheims,  1  June,  1578,  and  left  on  the  follow- 
ing 17  August  for  Rome  ('  Douay  Diaries/ 
pp.  142,  143).  He  came  Iback  from  Rome 
19  December,  1579,  and  left  for  England 
7  January,  1580  (op.  cit.,  p.  159).  It  must 
have  been  during  this  period  of  a  little  under 
four  weeks  that  he  had  his  conversation  with 
Thomas  Haberley  or  Huberley,  formerly  a 
beneficed  "Calvinist"  clergyman  and  an 
Oxford  man,  who  arrived  at  Rheims 
29  November,  1579,  and  was  ordained  and 
sent  on  the  mission  in  1580,  as  to  whom  com- 
pare Strype,  *  Ann.,'  III.  ii.  600.  It  is  note- 
worthy that,  in  a  list  of  priests  sent  on  the 
missionduring  the  pontificateof  Gregory  XIII. 
printed  in  the  'Douay  Diaries,'  pp.  288-96, 
John  Neale,  ex-Rector  of  Exeter,  is  at  p.  291 
miscalled  Thomas,  and  similarly  at  p.  290 
John  Wright,  S.T.L.,  is  miscalled  Thomas.  I 
hope  to  call  to  attention  to  the  result  of  this 
latter  mistake  in  a  separate  note. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

ELECTRIC  TELEGRAPH  ANTICIPATED  (10th  S. 
i.  66).— Since  making  my  communication  at 

the  above    reference,   1  find    the  following 

at  p.  112  of  Joseph  Blagrave's  'Astrological 
Dractice  of  Physick,'  1689,  as  one  of  what  he 
erms  "  two  pretty  Secrets  in  Philosophy." 
"t  bears  a  striking  resemblance  to  the  entry 

"n  Heneage  Finch's  MS.  commonplace  book 
>f  1647,  in  my  possession.  Blagrave  was 
4  of  Reading  [Berks],  Gent.,  Student  in 

Astrology  and  Physick  "  : — 

"  How  to  know  each  others  Mind  at  a  distance,  it 
>eing  done  by  Sympathy  of  Motion,  as  followeth  ; 

"  Let  there  be  two  Needles  made  of  one  and  the 
anie  Iron,  and  by  one  and  the  same  hand,  and 
ouched  by  one  and  the  same  Load-stone  ;  let  them 
e  framed  X»rth  and  South,  when  the  Moon  is  in 
'riii<  to  Mm-*,  and  applying  unto  one  of  the 
\jrtunes :  the  Needles  being  made,  place  them  in 
oncave  boxes,  then  make  two  Circles  answerable 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io«»  s.  n.  AUG.  is,  im 


unto  the  Diameters  of  the  Needles,  divide  them 
into  twenty-four  equal  parts,  according  unto  the 
number  of  Letters  in  the  Alphabet,  then  place  the 
Letters  in  order  round  each  Circle.  Now  when 
you  desire  to  make  known  each  others  Mind, 
the  day  and  hour  being  first  concluded  on  before- 
hand ;  you  must  upon  a  table  or  some  convenient 
place,  'tix  your  boxes  with  the  Needles  fitted 
therein,  then  having  in  readiness,  Pen,  Ink,  and 
Paper,  and  with  each  party  a  Loadstone,  he  that 
intends  first  to  begin,  must  with  his  Loadstone 
gently  cause  the  Needle  to  move  from  one  Letter 
unto  another,  until  a  word  is  perfected,  accord- 
ing unto  which  motion  the  other  needle  will 
answer :  And  then  after  some  small  stay,  they  must 
begin  another  Word,  and  so  forward  until  his  Mind 
is  known,  which  being  done,  the  other  Friend  with 
his  Load-stone  must  do  as  before,  moving  gently 
from  Letter  to  Letter,  until  he  hath  returned 
answer  accordingly:  This  will  hold  true  if  rightly 
managed/' 

I  also  find  that  Addison  in  the  Guardian, 
No.  119,  28  July,  1713,  notices,  as  below,  a 
similar  matter  mentioned  in  a  much  earlier 
work  (in  Latii^,  viz.,  Famianus  Strada's 
*  Prolusiones  Academics  Oratorise,  Historicse, 
Poeticce,'  Colonise  Agrippinse,  1617  :— 

"  Strada,  in  the  person  of  Lucretius,  gives  an 
account  of  a  chimerical  correspondence  bet\veen  two 
friends  by  the  help  of  a  certain  load-stone,  which 
had  such  a  virtue  in  it,  that  if  it  touched  two  several 
needles,  when  one  of  the  needles  so  touched  began 
to  move,  the  other,  though  at  never  so  great  a 
distance,  moved  at  the  same  time,  and  in  the  same 
manner.  He  tells  us,  that  the  two  friends,  being 
each  of  them  possest  of  one  of  these  needles,  made 
a  kind  of  dial-plate,  inscribing  it  with  the  four  and 
twenty  letters,  in  the  same  manner  as  the  hours  of 
the  day  are  marked  upon  the  ordinary  dial-plate. 
They  then  fixed  one  of  the  needles  on  each  of  these 
plates  in  such  a  manner  that  it  could  move  round 
without  impediment  so  as  to  touch  any  of  the  four 
and  twenty  letters.  Upon  their  separating  from 
one  another  into  distant  countries,  they  agreed  to 
withdraw  themselves  punctually  into  their  closets 
at  a  certain  hour  of  the  day,  and  to  converse 
with  one  another  by  means  of  this  their  inven- 
tion. Accordingly  when  they  were  some  hundred 
miles  asunder,  each  of  them  shut  himself  up  in 
his  closet  at  the  time  appointed,  and  imme- 
diately cast  his  eye  upon  his  dial-plate.  If  he 
had  a  mind  to  write  any  thing  to  his  Friend,  he 
directed  his  needle  to  every  letter  that  formed  the 
words  which  he  had  occasion  for,  making  a  little 
pause  at  the  end  of  every  word  or  sentence,  to  avoid 
confusion.  The  friend,  in  the  meanwhile,  saw  his 
own  sympathetick  needle  moving  of  it  self  to  every 
tetter  which  that  of  his  Correspondent  pointed  at: 
-By  this  means  they  talk'd  together  a-cross  a  whole 
continent,  and  conveyed  their  thoughts  to  one 
another  m  an  instant  over  cities  or  mountains,  seas 
or  desarts." 

W.  I.  E.  V. 

IRRESPONSIBLE  SCRIBBLERS  (10th  S.  ii.  86).— 
A  public  service  is  performed  by  MR.  PAGE 
m  drawing  attention  to  the  mania  for  scrib- 
bling on  objects  of  interest.  Truly  the  evil 
is  bad  enough;  but  worse  exists. 


In  public  places,  especially  railway  car- 
riages, remarks,  often  of  a  disgusting  and 
obscene  nature,  interlarded  with  vapid  bet- 
ting news,  are  forced  under  notice.  The- 
authors  would  appear  to  be  foul  -  minded 
youths,  and  the  remedy  is  to  abolish  the 
horsebox  contrivance  we  term  a  railway 
carriage,  thus  conferring  more  air,  light,  com- 
fort, and  publicity. 

Your  correspondent  errs  if  he  thinks  no 
one  is  ever  prosecuted.  Some  years  ago  the 
Earl  of  Warwick's  agent  successfully  prose- 
cuted certain  day-trippers  for  scratching  their 
names,  in  defiance  of  printed  warnings,  upon 
the  battlements  of  Guy's  Tower ;  and  the 
Duke  of  Westminster's  agent  frequently  has 
occasion  to  prosecute  vandals  for  damage 
upon  the  Eaton  estate;  in  fact,  so  many  that 
the  Duke  has  threatened  to  withdraw  all 
public  privileges,  in  which  case  the  innocent 
and  grateful  many, would  suffer  for  the  guilty 
few.  Stringent  warnings  boldly  printed  are- 
necessary  in  all  historic  or  beauty  spots  (and 
apparently  autograph  albums  for  'Arry  and 
'Arriet). 

We  must  not  lose  sight  of  the  fact  that  to- 
this  same  habit  of  scribbling  we  are  indebted 
for  many  ancient  and  modern  mementoes  of 
a  valuable  and  highly  interesting  character.. 
The  walls  of  Shakespeare's  birthplace  bear 
many  signatures  which  I  am  sure  the  trustees- 
would  like  to  transfer  to  the  volume  which 
holds  the  autograph  of  His  Majesty  King 
Edward  VII.  Then  there  is  the  famous 
couplet  which  Raleigh  is  reputed  to  have 
scratched  with  his  diamond  ring  upon  the 
window  pane : — 

Fain  would  I  climb, 
But  that  I  fear  to  fall, 

and   Queen  Elizabeth's  reputed  answer  be- 
neath : — 

If  thy  heart  fail  thee, 
Climb  not  at  all ; 

and   innumerable  other  instances,    none  of 
which  we  should  like  to  term  "  irresponsible." 

WM.  JAGGARD. 
159,  Canning  Street,  Liverpool. 

When  at  Canterbury,  some  years  ago,  I 
ascended  the  Westgate,  where  were  abundant 
examples  of  what  MR.  PAGE  complains  of. 
Among  the  mass  of  pencil  scribblings  I  was 
surprised— like  Rosalind— to  find  my  own 
name,  presumably  the  work  of  a  namesake. 
No  doubt  other  readers  could  record  similar 
instances  (Sam  Weller  was  very  wroth  about 
"Moses  Pickwick").  This  tendency  is  not 
confined  to  British  holiday-makers.  When 
visiting  the  Trappist  monastery  near  Ant- 
werp with  a  friend,  we  fell  into  conversation 
with  a  priest  from  Brussels,  a  visitor  like- 


s.  n.  AUG.  is,  1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


137 


•ourselves.  I  remarked  that  mischievous 
fingers  had  been  scribbling  on  the  woodwork, 
-and  the  priest  observed,  "  Les  noms  des  fous 
se  trouvent  partout."  My  friend  replied, 
"  Voila,  pere,  ce  quo  vous  venez  de  dire." 
Another  scribe  had  traced  these  words  in 
mockery  of  the  rest.  As  I  write,  an  Oxford 
B.C.L.  tells  me  of  the  expression,  "  Nornina 
.«tultorum  parietibus  adhaerent." 

FRANCIS  P.  MARCHANT. 
•IStreatham  Common. 

When  the  late  Duke  of  Clarence  and  his 
"brother,  the  present  Prince  of  Wales,  were 
lads  together  upon  the  Britannia  at  Dart- 
mouth, they  wandered  on  foot  one  holiday  so 
far  as  the  picturesquely  situated  old  church  of 
SS.  George  and  Mary  at  (Jockington  (anciently 
Cockinttonc),  near  Torquay.  Whilst  there 
they  cut  their  initials  upon  the  jamb  of  the 
south-west  entrance.  Should  these  lines 
catch  the  Prince's  eye  he  may  possibly  recol- 
lect the  circumstance.  The  then  vicar  after- 
wards had  the  letters  effaced. 

HARRY  HEMS. 

JFair  Park,  Exeter. 

I  agree  in  the  main  with  the  remarks  of 
MR.  JOHN  T.  PAGE  ;  but,  on  the  other  hand, 
quite  a  number  of  autographs,  tkc.,  of  eminent 
men  have  been  preserved  in  this  way,  and 
are  now  pointed  out  by  the  custodians  to 
the  interested  sightseer.  Wordsworth's  name 
jnay  still  be  seen  in  the  old  schoolhouse  at 
tHartshead,  covered  over  with  a  glass  slab, 
^lany  names  of  illustrious  persons  may  also 
'be  seen  scratched  on  the  window  panes  of 
•Shakespeare's  birthplace. 

One  could  compile  an  interesting  list  of 
autographs  of  distinguished  people  who, 
after  visiting  places  of  historic  note,  have 
•recorded  their  signatures  on  some  part  of  the 
building. 

After  all,  man  is  an  imitative  animal,  and 
the  fashion  having  been  set  by  the  upper 
ten  thousand,  it  is  little  wonder  that  Tom, 
Dick,  and  Harry  follow  it. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSIIAW,  LL.D. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

MORLAND'S  GRAVE  (10th  S.  ii.  49).— There 
is  no  memorial  at  the  chapel  of  St.  James, 
Hampstead,  over  Morland's  grave,  or  in  the 
graveyard.  ANDREW  OLIVER. 

PASTE  (10th  S.  i.  447,  477,  510;  ii.  19,  72).— 
In  "A  |  Queen's  |  Delight:  |  or,  |  the  art  of 
preserving,  |  conserving,  and  candying.  |  As 
also,  |  arightknowledgeof  |  making  perfumes 
and  di  |  stilling  the  most  excellent  waters.  | 
London :  |  Printed  in  the  year  1G96,"  are 
.recipes  for  making  the  following  pastes:  of 


"apricocks"  ;  of  Genoa  citrons:  of  elecam- 
pane roots ;  of  flowers  of  the  colour  of 
marble,  tasting  of  natural  Howers  ;  of  oranges 
and  lemons;  of  "pippings"  like  leaves,  and 
some  like  plums,  with  their  stones  and  stalks 
in  them  ;  of  "  rasberries"  or  English  currants. 

The  book  containing  these,  although  con- 
tinuously paged,  is  divided  into  three  parts, 
each  having  a  separate  title-page.  Of  these 
three  parts '  A  Queen's  Delight '  is  the  second. 
The  third  is  "  The  compleat  |  Cook:  |  expertly 
prescribing  |  the  most  ready  ways,  |  whether 
Italian,  Spanish,  or  French  |  for  J  dressing  of 
Flesh  and  Fish,  |  ordering  of  Sauces  |  or 
making  of  |  Pastry."  In  this  part  "paste1' 
occurs  several  times,  while  "anchoves  "  enter 
into  the  composition  of  several  dishes ;  but 
there  is  no  hint  of  anchovy  paste. 

Amongst  the  various  thirst  -  producing 
viands  sold  by  the  four  Dutch  innkeepers 
of  London  enumerated  by  John  Taylor,  the 

Water  Poet,  in  his  'Travels through 

more  then  Thirty  Times  Twelve  Signes  of  the 
Zodiack,'  are 

The  pickled  Herring,  and  the  Anchovea  rare  : 

And  (if  you  please),  Potarbo,  or  Caveare. 
Was  this  nothing  more  than  anchovy 
pickled  in  a  similar  manner  to  the  herring, 
or  treated  like  caviare  or  botargo  (= potarbo, 
although  the  'N.E.D.'does  not  mention  this 
variant  under  the  main  word)  ?  E.  G.  B. 

ST.  NINIAN'S  CHURCH  (10th  S.  ii.  68,  117).— 
Nothing  can  well  be  more  explicit  than 
Ailred's  account  of  Xinian's  first  church  : — 

"Ibi  igitur  jussu  viri  Dei  cementarii,  quos  secum 
adduxerat,  ecclesiam  construunt ;  antequatn  iiullam 
in  Britannia  de  lapide  dicunt  esse  constructam." 
(There,  therefore,  by  command  of  the  man  of  God, 
the  masons  whom  he  had  brought  with  him  [from 
Tours]  built  a  church,  and  they  say  that  up  to  that 
time  none  in  Britain  had  been  constructed  of  stone.) 
—'Vita  Niniani,'  auctore  Ailredo  Revallensi, 
cap.  iii. 

It  is  true  that  Ailred  wrote  seven  centuries 
after  Ninian's  death ;  but  he  had  material  to 
work  from  to  which  we,  alas  !  have  no  access. 
"It  happened,"  says  Ailred,  in  his  prologue, 
"  that  a  barbarous  language  obscured  the  life  of  the 

most  holy  Ninian and  the  less  it  gratified  the 

reader  the  less  it  edified  him.  Accordingly,  it 
pleased  thy  holy  affection  [the  reference  is  to 
Christianus,  who  was  consecrated  Bishop  of  Can- 
dida Casa  at  Bermondsey,  19  December,  11JHJ  to 
impose  upon  mine  insignificance  the  task  of  rescuing 
from  a  rustic  style  as  from  darkness,  and  of  bring- 
ing forth  into  clear  light  of  Latin  diction,  the 
life  of  this  most  renowned  man,  a  //Y<  >/•/,<>//  had 
been  told  &//  thaw  n-ho  camr  Ixforc  m< ,  but.  in  too 
barbarous  a  <'//''•'' 

What  can  D.  C.  L.  mean  by  saying  that 
"no  satisfactory  site  has  been  found  for  the 
original  church"!  Nothing  could  be  more 


138 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  AUG.  is, 


concise    and    accurate    than    Ailred's    topo- 
graphy : — 

"Ninian  selected  for  himself  a  site  in  the  place 
which  is  now  termed  Witerna,  which,  situated  on 
the  shore  of  the  ocean,  and  extending  far  into  the 
sea  on  the  east,  west,  and  south  sides,  is  closed  in 
by  the  sea  itself,  while  only  on  the  north  is  a  way 
open  to  those  who  would  enter." 
An  exact  description  of  the  Isle  of  Whithorn, 
to  which  access  can  only  be  had  along  the 
narrow  isthmus  of  gravel  connecting  it  with 
the  land  on  the  north ;  and  in  the  very  posi- 
tion indicated  stands  the  ruin  which  local 
tradition  affirms  to  be  the  original  chapel  of 
A.D.  396.  It  is  not  so,  of  course,  but  probably 
a  reconstruction  dating  from  the  thirteenth 
century. 

Finally,  I  would  ask  D.  C.  L.  to  note  the 
different  terms  used  by  the  Scottish  Celts  at 
this  day  to  distinguish  between  houses  built 
of  stones  without  mortar,  which  they  call 
"black  houses,"  and  houses  built  of  stone 
and  lime,  which  they  call  "white  houses." 
It  was  the  unfamiliar  whiteness  of  the  lime 
which  attracted  notice  from  the  Attacott 
Picts  of  Galloway,  and  earned  for  the  new 
church  the  name  Candida  Casa — hivit  cern= 
Whithorn.  HERBERT  MAXWELL. 

"  PAULES  FETE  "  (10th  S.  ii.  87).— Away  from 
books  I  cannot  verify  my  impression,  but  I 
think  that  there  was  a  standard  measure  of 
a  foot  in  Old  St.  Paul's.  J.  T.  F. 

Winterton,  Doncaster. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 


Lehose  &  Sons.) 
WITH  the  seventh  volume  of  Hakluyt  we  begin 
the  moat  interesting,  valuable,  and  instructive 
pages  of  the  work.  The  opening  portion  of  the 
volume  consists  of  the  description  by  Edward 
Wright,  the  famous  mathematician,  of  the  voyage 
to  the  Azores  of  the  brave,  reckless,  and  unfor- 
tunate George  Clifford,  third  Earl  of  Cumberland, 
a  portrait,  from  the  National  Portrait  Gallery,  of 
whose  handsome,  rakish  face,  with  the  glove  of  Queen 
Elizabeth  as  a  badge  in  his  hat,  forms  a  frontis- 
piece. In  this  voyage,  with  all  its  hardships, 
Wright  himself  took  part.  Next  comes  Sir  Walter 
Raleigh's  *'  true  report "  of  the  last  tight  of  the 
Revenge,  with  the  heroic  defence  and  death  of  his 
cousin  Sir  Richard  Grenville,  after  sustaining  the 
assault  of  fifteen  Spanish  ships.  A  portrait  of  the 
hero  of  this  unprecedented  adventure  is  also  given. 
Next,  with  yet  one  more  portrait,  comes  "  the 
large  testimony"  of  John  Huighen  van  Linschoten 
concerning  the  deeds  of  the  Earl  of  Cumberland, 
Sir  Martin  Frobisher,  Sir  Richard  Grinvile,  and 
divers  other  English  captains,  with  other  accounts 


of  adventure,  including  the  account  of  "the  firing, 
of  « the  Five  Wounds.' "  At  p.  133  we  open  kl  The 
:hird  and  last  volume  of  the  Principall  Naviga- 
tions, &c.,"  and  embark  upon  the  painful  journey 
of  American  exploration,  and  the  heroic  and  painful 
search  after  the  fabulous  North- West  Passage  to 
}he  Indies.  This  part  opens  with  Powel's  account  of 
:he  mythical  discoveries  of  Madoc,  the  son  of  Owen 
Guined,  Prince  of  North  Wales,  and  continues 
with  the  offer  of  the  West  Indies  by  Christopher 
Columbus  to  Henry  VII.  We  then  arrive  at  the 
explorations  of  Sebastian  Cabota,  and  arguments 
n  favour  of  the  existence  of  the  North -West 
Passage,  the  most  strongly  held  of  all  geogra- 
phical beliefs  or  delusions.  Three  voyages  in 
search  of  the  passage  by  Martin  Frobisher,  a  like 
number  by  John  Davis,  and  other  matter  concern- 
ng  Newfoundland  and  "Meta  Incognita"  make 
ip  the  volume,  which  also  gives,  in  the  way  of 
illustration,  a  map  of  the  world,  by  Sir  Johni 
Gilbert;  a  map  of  the  world,  1578;  another  by- 
Michael  Lock,  dedicated  to  Sir  Philip  Sidney,  fronn 
the  Hunterian  Library,  Glasgow  University  ;  a  map> 
of  Meta  Incognita ;  and  one  by  Edward  Wright, 
1589,  of  the  Earl  of  Cumberland's  voyage  to  the 
Azores,  together  with  a  facsimile  of  a  letter  dated 
3  October,  1585,  from  John  Davis  to  Walsingham. 

As  frontispiece  to  vol.  viii.  appears  a  portrait  of 
Sir  Humphrey  Gilbert,  to  accompany  his  voyage 
in  1583  to  Newfoundland.  Numerous  attempts  to 
explore  Newfoundland  and  Canada,  including  the 
three  voyages  of  Jacques  Cartier,  are  comprised,  and 
we  then  come  upon  the  account  of  attempted  settle- 
ments in  Virginia,  Florida,  £c.  In  addition  to  the- 
maps,  which  are  neither  less  numerous  nor  less^ 
interesting  than  those  in  the  earlier  volume,  like- 
nesses are  given  of  a  Virginia  priest  and  a  native 
of  Florida.  In  the  narrative  by  Thomas  Harriot, 
servant  to  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  of  the  land  of  Vir- 
ginia, we  have  a  vividly  interesting  account  of  the 
iiscovery  and  use  of  tobacco,  called  by  the  natives 
"  uppowoc,"  the  curative  effects  of  which  are 
described  in  such  fashion  as  makes  us  wonder  that 
after  its  arrival  human  ailments  did  not  disappear.. 

Great  Masters.  Parts XX.  and  XXL  (Heinemann.)- 
PART  XX.  of  'Great  Masters'  marks  yet  another 
stage  in  the  progress  of  the  best  guide  to  the  great 
European  galleries  that  has  yet  seen  the  light. 
But  four  parts  more  are  necessary,  if  we  are  rightly 
informed,  to  the  completion  of  the  work,  to  each 
succeeding  part  of  which  we  have  drawn  the  atten- 
tion of  our  readers.  Buckingham  Palace  supplies 
the  first  of  the  four  plates  in  Part  XX.  This  presents 
a  landscape,  with  cattle,  of  Albert  Cuyp,  whom  Sir 
Martin  Conway  calls  "  perhaps  the  most  thoroughly 
local"  of  Dutch  artists.  It  is  a  lovely  landscape 
with  reposing  cattle  and  peasants.  Sir  Martin 
tells  us  that  most  of  the  masterpieces  of  the  artist 
are,  or  were,  in  England.  A  'Holy  Family'  of 
Filippino  Lippi,  once  in  the  Palazzo  Santangelc- 
at  Naples,  where  it  was  ascribed  to  Domenico 
Ghirlandaio,  is  now  from  the  Warren  Collection 
It  is  beautiful,  but  rather  conventional,  and  is 
ascribed  to  a  period  of  about  1490.  John  Hoppner 
is  represented  by  '  The  Girl  with  the  Tambourine  ' 
from  the  collection  of  Mr.  A.  De  Passe.  It  is  a 
bright  work,  the  girl's  face  sparkling  with  effulgent 
laughter.  Some  fault  is  found  with  the  drawing 
one  leg  being  said  to  be  longer  than  the  other.  A 
more  obvious  defect  is  that  the  group  in  the  dis- 
tance seems  to  belong  to  another  style  of  art.  Last 


s.  ii.  AUG.  is,  1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


comes,  from  the  Prado,  Madrid,  a  portrait  by 
Albrecht  Diirer  of  a  man,  conjectured  to  be  Hans 
Imhoff,  the  great  Niirnberg  banker.  This  is,  at 
any  rate,  a  powerfully  conceived  work,  present- 
ing a  mobile  face  in  a  moment  of  deep  self-concen- 
tration. The  lights  and  shades  are  grappled  with 
in  indescribable  fashion.  In  common  with  each 
preceding  part  the  entire  number  is  splendidly 
representative. 

The  latest  part  maintains  the  supremacy  in 
beauty  and  interest  that  has  distinguished  the 
work  from  the  outset.  'The  Letter,'  by  Gabriel 
Metsu,  a  celebrated  and  prolific  Dutch  genre 
painter,  was— like  the  companion  picture,  '  The 
Letter-Writer,'  also  reproduced  in  this  series— 
in  the  famous  collection  at  Deepdene.  It  is 
now,  like  the  other,  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  A. 
Beit.  With  some  diffidence  we  venture  to  doubt 
the  reading  of  the  action  supplied  by  Sir  Martin 
Conway.  Phe  matter  is,  however,  of  no  con- 
sequence, since  the  picture  speaks  for  itself, 
and  will  be  interpreted  according  to  the  nature 
of  the  gazer.  From  the  Parma  Gallery  comes 
Correggio's  famous  *  Madonna  of  St.  Jerome,' 
described  as  one  of  his  five  great  masterpieces.  It 
is  one  of  the  most  mundane,  not  to  say  sensuous,  of 
religious  pictures.  Quite  exquisite  are  the  faces  of 
the  Madonna  and  Child,  the  Magdalen  and  the 
angel,  while  the  attendant  cherub  is,  as  the  descrip- 
tion suggests,  almost  "impish."  A  picture  of  this 
kind  is  more  conducive  to  "  soft  and  delicate 
desires"  than  to  pious  meditation.  'A  Dutch 
Courtyard,'  by  Pieter  de  Hoogh,  is  one  of  that 
great  artist's  absolutely  unequalled  studies  of  atmo- 
spheric effect.  It  shows,  in  a  manner  of  which  he 
had  almost  the  monopoly,  the  effect  of  exterior 
light  seen  through  a  darkenedpassage,  a  chamber,  or 
the  like.  Not  seldom  three  different  atmospheres  are 
presented  with  indescribable  effect.  Some -explana- 
tions are  afforded  concerning  the  scene,  presumably 
Delft,  and  the  figures,  one  of  whom,  who  appears 
frequently  in  his  pictures,  is  held  to  be  his  servant, 
while  the  other  is  probably  his  daughter.  De  Hoogh's 
pictures  are  absolute  dreams  of  summer.  Last 
comes  from  Velasquez  the  Falstaffian  figure  of  the 
Marchese  Alexander  del  Borro.  Whether  the 
picture  was  intended  as  an  insult  we  know  not. 
\Ve  can  scarcely  fancy  a  marquis,  even  the  most 
foolish  ever  depicted  by  Moliere,  hanging  such  a 
work  as  a  likeness  in  his  own  gallery.  As  a  carica- 
ture of  M.  Coquelin  as  Falstaff  it  would  be  wonder- 
ful. With  all  its  extravagant  ugliness,  it  is  a  work 
of  genius.  The  Berlin  Museum  owns  the  original. 

The  Plays  of  Shakespeare.— Hamlet ;  Richard  III.  ; 
Merchant  of  Venice  :  Twelfth  Xiyh'.  With  Intro- 
ductions by  George  Brandes.  (Heinemann.) 
YET  one  more  cheap  and  attractive  edition  of 
Shakespeare,  in  volumes  each  containing  a  single 
play,  is  issued  by  Mr.  Heinemann  under  the  title 
"  Favourite  Classics."  For  the  text  that  of  the  Cam- 
bridge Shakespeare,  now  accepted  as  authoritative, 
has  been  selected.  Each  volume  is  well  printed, 
with  a  most  legible  text,  and  each  has  an  illustra- 
tion showing  some  famous  actor  with  his  surround- 
ings in  a  favourite  character,  and  an  introduction 
by  Dr.  Brandes.  It  seems  a  subject  for  regret  that 
we  should  have  to  go  to  Denmark  for  the  editor 
of  work  so  characteristically  national  as  the  plays 
«>f  Shakespeare;  but  the  introductions  of  Dr. 
Brandes  are  lucid  and  helpful.  It  is  but  natural 
that  he  should  attach  more  value  than  do  we  to 


the  utterances  of  writers  such  as  Gervinus  amfc 
Ulrici.  When  Dr.  Brandes  speaks  for  himself, 
however,  he  is  always  worth  hearing.  For  the 
rest,  the  reader  is  undisturbed  by  conjecture  or 
note,  and  the  edition  may  be  commended  to  those 
who  are  content  with  an  unsophisticated  text. 

The  Poetical  Work*  of  William  Word-t worth.    With 
Introduction   and    Notes.     Edited    by    Thomas 
Hutchinson,  M.A.    (Frowde.) 
The  Poetical   Works  of  Robert  Burns.    Edited  bjr 

J.  Logic  Robertson,  M.A.  (Same  publisher.) 
AFTER  a  space  of  about  a  decade  these  handsome 
and  popular  editions  of  Wordsworth  and  Burns  are 
reissued.  Wordsworth  is  exactly  in  the  same  form 
as  before,  but  is  enriched  by  a  portrait  of  the  poet, 
from  a  drawing  by  Hancock  of  about  1798.  Burns 
is  no  longer  in  the  Oxford  India  paper  in  which  we 
had  previous  access  to  it.  We  have  before  spoken 
in  praise  of  one-volume  editions  of  the  poets,  which, 
in  these  days  of  little  shelf-room  and  many  books,, 
are  to  be  commended.  Such  are  always  convenient 
for  reference,  and  on  India  paper  are,  to  a  large 
class  of  readers,  absolutely  ideal. 

To  Bell's  "Miniature  Series  of  Painters"  has 
been  added  John  Constable,  by  Arthur  B.  Chamber- 
lain, with  eight  characteristic  illustrations. 

Scene*  from  Les  Facheux  of  Molitre.  have  been, 
added  to  Blackie  &  Son's  "  Little  French  Classics." 

MR.  E.  HAMILTON,  of  Church  Square,  Rye, 
Sussex,  has  issued  an  Ancestry  and  Pedigree 
Chart,  by  means  of  which  the  task  of  pedigree 
tracing  and  displaying  the  relations  of  ancestors — 
paternal  and  maternal— to  the  present  head  of  the- 
fanrily  is  simplified. 

THE  frontispiece  to  the  Burlington  consists  of  a 
reproduction  of  the  painting  of  Albert  Diirer  the- 
elder,  1497,  recently  purchased  for  the  National' 
Gallery.  Whether  it  is  a  genuine  work  of  Diirer 
has  been  much  discussed.  Mr.  C.  J.  Holmes  in 
his  '  History '  of  it  goes  far  to  establish  it  as  genuine.. 
Following  this  comes  an  account  of  the  Italian 
paintings  in  Stockholm.  We  remember  studying 
most  of  these  works  some  years  ago,  without  being 
very  profoundly  impressed.  An  interesting  draw- 
ing of  the  late  G.  F.  Watts  is  by  the  Marchioness 
of  Granby.  Three  female  studies  by  Rossetti  are 
from  the  lonides  Collection,  as  is  the  'Mill,' by 
Sir  E.  Burne-  Jones. 

IN*  the  Fortnightly  Mr.  Norman  Pearson  writes  on 
'  The  Kiss  Poetical.'  His  subject  is  scarcely  of  a 
sort  to  commend  itself  for  study  or  discussion  in 
these  columns.  When,  however,  the  author  says 
that  he  does  not  "remember  among  the  Shake- 
spearian love-scenes  anything  like  the  modern  kiss 
poetical,"  we  are  inclined  to  remonstrate.  It  is 
true  that,  even  after  reading  the  contribution,  we  do 
not  quite  know  what  is  the  modern  kiss  poetical, 
still  we  think  Antony  and  Cleopatra  might  suffice. 
Where  is  there  anything  better  or  more  fervid  thau> 
Antony's  importunity  to  spare  him  awhile 
Until 

Of  many  thousand  kisses  the  poor  last 

I  lay  upon  thy  lips  ? 

Mr.  Thomas  Hardy  in  'Time's  Laughingstocks ' 
is  once  more  welcome  as  a  poet,  but  not  half  so 
welcome  as  he  is  when  he  presents  himself  as  a 
novelist.  '  A  Child's  Diary,'  the  veracity  of  which 
is  vouched  for,  is  very  remarkable.  What  will  be  the 


140 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  A™.  13, 190*. 


outcome  of  a  debut  such  as  it  indicates  it  is  hard  to 
sav  —In  the  Nineteenth  Century  '  The  Harvest  of 
the  Hedgerows,'  by  Walter  Raymond,  deserves  the 
ailace  of  honour.  The  writer's  sketches  have  a 
truth  and  vivacity  difficult  to  resist  or  surpass,  and 
constitute  an  admirable  defence  of  country  life. 
It  is  to  be  hoped  that  they  will  be  collected.  Mr. 
Richard  Bagot  has  a  rejoinder  to  Mr.  Taunton  on 
the  subject  of  'The  Pope  and  Church  Music.' 
Interest  in  the  question  is  not  likely,  however,  to 
be  very  widespread.  Mr.  John  M.  Bacon  advocates 
the  exploration  of  Arabia  by  balloon.  Lord  Dalling 
and  Bulwer's  'Maxims,'  as  collected  by  Sir  Henry 
Drummond-Wolff,  are  worth  attention,  but  not 
specially  remarkable.  Mr.  Norman  Pearson  writes  on 
'  Pepys  and  Mercer,'  and  puts  a  tolerably  favourable 
construction  upon  the  diarist's  relations  with  his 
wife's  maid.  C.  B.  Wheeler  has  some  sensible 
observations  on  'Gifts.' -The  Pall  Mall  has  as 
frontispiece  a  capital  reproduction  of  the  Warwick 
portrait  of  Anne  Boleyn,  attributed  to  Holbein. 
Mr  Archer's  'Real  Conversation'  becomes  a  per- 
manent feature  in  the  magazine.  Like  many 
previous  conversations,  the  present  deals  with  the 
state  of  the  stage,  Mr.  Archer's  views  being  much 
more  sunny  than  those  of  his  fellow  -  controver- 
sialist. On  the  French  dramatists  Mr.  Archer  is 
rather  severe,  speaking  of  the  "  intolerable 
pedantry"  of  M.  Hervieu  and  the  "strident 
fanaticism"  of  M.  Brieux.  Mr.  Sharp's  'Literary 
Geography'  deals  with  Aylwin-Land.—  Scnbner a, 
the  English  agent  of  which  is  now  Mr.  William 
Heinemann,  opens  with  'They,'  a  complete  story 
by  Mr.  Rudyard  Kipling,  enforcing  m  a  rather 
mystical  fashion  the  love  of  children.  The  contents 
consist  almost  entirely  of  fiction.  In  the  illustra- 
tions to  Mr.  Finley's  '  Lost  City,'  M.  Jules  Guerm 
seems  to  be  inspired  to  some  extent  by  John 
Martin  To  some  of  the  contents  coloured  designs 
are  supplied. -The  eighth  of  the  "Historical 
Mysteries"  in  the  Cornlull  brings  Mr.  Lang  back 
upon  ground  he  has  previously  occupied.  It  deals 
with  the  Gowrie  conspiracy.  Mr.  Lang  holds  that 
there  was  a  plot  devised  by  Gowrie,  who  was 
frustrated,  and  fell  into  the  pit  he  had  digged. 
Writing  on  Nathaniel  Hawthorne,  Mrs.  Humphry 
Ward  holds  him  to  be  an  artist  whose  place  grows 
larger  and  more  certain  as  the  days  roll  on. 
Col  Picquart's  answer  to  the  German  Emperor 
on  the  question  of  Waterloo  will  be  read  with 
gratification  by  Englishmen.  'A  8torm  in  a 
Bygone  Teacup'  is  amusing;  but  the  title  strikes 
us  as  singularly  unhappy.  When  is  a  teacup 
bygone?  'The  English  Friends  of  Voltaire'  is 
an  attractive  paper.  Canon  Ellacombe's  'Japanese 
Flowers  in  English  Gardens '  is  also  readable.— 
Mr.  J.  Holden  MacMichael  contributes  to  the 
-Gentleman's  an  account  of  'The  Ancient  Mercantile 
Houses  of  London.'  His  essay  is  full  of  interesting 
and  erudite  matter.  Dr.  Ramsay  Colics  makes  yet 
one  more  effort  to  revive  interest  in  Ebenezer  Jones. 
'  Live  Sea-Lights,'  by  Mr.  W.  Allingham,  describes  a 
familiar  phenomenon.  The  most  remarkable  instance 
of  this  we  ever  contemplated,  a  spectacle  wholly 
indescribable,  took  place  at  Dinard,  opposite  St. 
Malo. — Canon  Vaughan's  'Flowers  of  the  Field  '  in 
Longmans  is  altogether  delightful.  'Further 
Ranching  Recollections'  may  be  read  with  a  cer- 
tainty of  pleasure.  '  At  the  Sign  of  the  Ship '  is 
now.  as  always,  the  best  portion  of  the  contents. 
In  this  Mr.  Lang  deals  briefly  with  the  new  book 
of  Messrs.  Spencer  and  Gillen,  'The  Northern 


Races  of  Central  Australia,'  a  book  to  which  we 
hope  ourselves  to  turn,  but  one  also  that  demands 
and  remunerates  much  study. 


WE  hear  with  regret  of  the  death  at  Ealing,  on 
the  '2nd  inst.,  of  the  Rev.  Samuel  Arnott,  M.A. 
Cambridge,  a  venerable  contributor  to  our  columns, 
some  score  or  so  communications  from  him  appear- 
ing in  the  General  Index  to  the  Ninth  Series. 
The  last  of  these  is  found  at  9th  S.  xi.  403.  During 
the  Sixth,  Seventh,  and  Eight  Series  his  name 
pretty  frequently  occurs.  A  scholar  of  Emmanuel 
College,  Cambridge,  he  was  ordained  deacon  in 
1844,  and  priest  in  1845.  He  was  curate  of  Brent- 
wood  till  1847,  and  of  Romford  till  1853,  in  which 
year  he  was  at  St.  James's,  Piccadilly.  A  list  of 
his  benefices  will  be  found  in  'Crockford.'  Since 
1870  Mr.  Arnott  was  vicar  of  Christ  Church, 
Turnham  Green,  an  appointment  he  owed  to 
"Piccadilly"  Jackson,  then  Bishop  of  London. 
Mr.  Arnott  had  been  for  some  time  incapacitated. 


to 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 
put  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
heading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "  Duplicate." 

X.  Y.  Z.  ("365  children  at  a  birth").— There  is 
a  long  editorial  note  on  this  story  at  2nd  S.  vii.  260, 
concluding  with  references  to  several  authorities. 

T.  C.  TUNSTALL("  Extraordinary  Customs  attach- 
ing to  Ancient  Lands").  —  Wroth  silver,  riding 
the  black  ram,  £c.,  have  frequently  been  noticed 
in  '  N.  &  Q.' 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN  ("  Scriptures  out  of 
church").  —  The    expression    duly    appears    under 
Proverbs  and  Phrases '  in  the  Index  to  9th  S.  xii. 
and  the  General  Index. 

MISTLETOE  ("Carlisle"). — There  was  no  heading 
omitted.  The  article  was  the  second  under  '  Tides- 
well  and  Tideslow.'  See  10th  S.  i.  371,  471. 

J.  NORRIS  ("Salop  and  Montgomery")  and 
F.  JARRATT  ("Longfellow").— Shall  appear  next 
week. 

NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "  The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries'" — Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "The  Pub- 
lisher"—at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
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io«.  s.  ii.  A™,  is,  1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

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NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  AUG.  20,  ion. 

K  I  N  G'S 

CLASSICAL     AND     FOREIGN 

QUOTATIONS. 

NOW    READY. 

We  have  to  announce  a  new  edition  of  this  Dictionary.  It  first  appeared  at  the  end  of 
'87  and  was  quickly  disposed  of.  A  larger  (and  corrected)  issue  came  out  in  the  spring  of 
1889,  and  is  now  out  of  print.  The  Third,  published  on  July  14,  contains  a  large 
accession  of  important  matter,  in  the  way  of  celebrated  historical  and  literary  sayings  and 
mots,  much  wanted  to  bring  the  Dictionary  to  a  more  complete  form,  and  now  appearing  in 
its  pages  for  the  first  time.  On  the  other  hand,  the  pruning  knife  has  been  freely  used,  and 
the  excisions  are  numerous.  A  multitude  of  trivial  and  superfluous  items  have  thus  been 
cast  away  wholesale,  leaving  only  those  citations  which  were  worthy  of  a  place  in  a  standard 
work  of  reference.  As  a  result,  the  actual  number  of  quotations  is  less,  although  it  is  hoped 
that  the  improvement  in  quality  will  more  than  compensate  for  the  loss  in  quantity.  The 
book  has,  in  short,  been  not  only  revised,  but  rewritten  throughout,  and  is  not  so  much  a  new 
edition  as  a  new  work.  It  will  be  seen  also  that  the  quotations  are  much  more  "  racontes  " 
than  before,  and  that  where  any  history,  story,  or  allusion  attaches  to  any  particular  saying, 
the  opportunity  for  telling  the  tale  has  not  been  thrown  away.  In  this  way  what  is  primarily 
taken  up  as  a  book  of  reference,  may  perhaps  be  retained  in  the  hand  as  a  piece  of  pleasant 
reading,  that  is  not  devoid  at  times  of  the  elements  of  humour  and  amusement.  One  other 
feature  of  the  volume,  and  perhaps  its  most  valuable  one,  deserves  to  be  noticed.  The 
previous  editions  professed  to  give  not  only  the  quotation,  but  its  reference ;  and,  although 
performance  fell  very  far  short  of  promise,  it  was  at  that  time  the  only  dictionary  of  the  kind 
published  in  this  country  that  had  been  compiled  with  that  definite  aim  in  view.  In  the 
present  case  no  citation — with  the  exception  of  such  unaffiliated  things  as  proverbs,  maxims, 
and  mottoes — has  been  admitted  without  its  author  and  passage,  or  the  "  chapter  and  verse  " 
in  which  it  may  be  found,  or  on  which  it  is  founded.  In  order,  however,  not  to  lose 
altogether,  for  want  of  identification,  a  number  of  otherwise  deserving  sayings,  an  appendix 
of  Adespota  is  supplied,  consisting  of  quotations  which  either  the  editor  has  failed  to  trace  to 
their  source,  or  the  paternity  of  which  has  not  been  satisfactorily  proved.  There  are  four 
indexes — Authors  and  authorities,  Subject  index,  Quotation  index,  and  index  of  Greek 
passages.  Its  deficiencies  notwithstanding,  l  Classical  and  Foreign  Quotations '  has  so  far 
remained  without  a  rival  as  a  polyglot  manual  of  the  world's  famous  sayings  in  one  pair  of 
covers  and  of  moderate  dimensions,  and  its  greatly  improved  qualities  should  confirm  it  still 
more  firmly  in  public  use  and  estimation. 

K  I  N  G'S 

CLASSICAL    AND     FOREIGN 

QUOTATIONS. 

London :  J.  WHITAKBR  &  SONS,  LTD,,  12,  Warwick  Lane,  B.C. 


io-  s.  ii.  AH;.  20, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


141 


LONDOX,  SATL'IWAY,  Al'GUST  ?0, 


CONTENTS.-No.  34. 

UOTES  :— FitzGerald  Bibliography,  141 -Locke's  Music  for 
'  Macbeth  '— Cobden  Bibliography,  142—"  Sanguis,"  14.H— 
Cambridge  Family,  144— Cricket— 'Magazine  of  Art'— 
Broom  Squires— First  Bishop  const-crated  in  Westminster 
Cathedral,  145- "The  great  reaper.  Death "—"  Working 
Class" — 'Chanson  de  Koland '— John  Owen  and  Arch- 
bishop Williams— Jacobin  Soup— Caxton  and  "  Richter," 
14*. 

•QUERIES:— "Hoosier"— Hagiological  Terms,  1500,  147— 
'The  tongue  in  the  cheek"— Regiments  at  Bo miplatz— 
"Trylle  upon  my  Harpe"— 'The  Purple  Vetch'— Shrop- 
shire and  Montgomeryshire  Manors— Longfellow,  149 — 
•Liber  Landavensis '  — Duchess  Sarah— Axstede  Ware— 
Madame  Mondanite— Eel  Folk-lore  —  Holme  Pierrepont 
Parish  Library— Author  Wanted  —  Cowper— Pitt  Club— 
"  First  kittoo'"— Graham— "Cuttwoorkes,"  149. 

REPLIES  :  —  Dog- Names,  150  —  Swan  -  Names  — Joseph  us 
Struthius-Old  Bible,  151— Fingal  and  Diarmid— Bpitaph 
on  Ann  Davies— Tideswell  and  Tideslow— William  Hartley 
—Eton  Lists,  152— Scandinavian  Bishops— Saucy  English 
Poet — "  Peek-bo  " — "  Get  a  wiggle  on  "  —  "  Come,  live 
with  me  "—"  Reversion  "  of  Trees,  153— Coutances,  Win- 
chester, and  the  Channel  Islands— Hone— Closets  in  Edin- 
burgh Buildings— 'God  save  the  King,'  154  — Shelley 
Family— Inscriptions  at  Orotava— Las  Palmas  Inscriptions 
—Mr.  Janes,  155  —  Lady  Elizabeth  Germain  —  Names 
•common  to  both  Sexes— The  Kvil  Bye,  158— First  Ocean 
Newspaper— " Was  you?"  157— "A  shoulder  of  mutton 
brought  home  from  France" — Gipsies:  "Chigunnjl" — 
Authors  Wanted,  15$. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :-Burgoyne's  Facsimile  and  Tran- 
script of  an  Elizabethan  MB.—'  The  Jacobite  Peerage,'  &c. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


FITZGERALD    BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

(See  9th  S.  iii.  441 ;  iv.  15.) 
MORE  than  five  years  ago  a  valued  corre- 
spondent of  'N.  &  Q.'  communicated  to  these 
columns  a  couple  of  poems  which  he  had 
extracted  from  'The  Keepsake'  for  1835, 
under  the  impression  that  they  were  the 
composition  of  Edward  FitzGerald.  I  endea- 
voured to  show — not,  I  trust,  without  success 
— that  they  were  written  by  Edward  Marl- 
'borough  Fitzgerald,  who  left  Cambridge 
about  the  time  that  the  author  of  'Euphranor' 
•entered  into  residence,  and  who  was  for 
long  the  latter's  pet  aversion.  In  his  recent 
'Life  of  Edward  FitzGerald,'  Mr.  Thomas 
"Wright,  overlooking  the  two  poems  of  1835, 
has  printed  in  the  Appendix  a  couple  of 
effusions  which  he  has  found  in  'The  Keep- 
sake '  for  1834,  and  which,  on  the  strength  of 
the  signature  appended  to  them,  he  has 
attributed  to  the  subject  of  his  biography. 
Biographers  have  often  strange  vagaries,  but 
to  credit  their  victims  with  the  composition  ->f 
somebocly  else's  indifferent  verse  is  an  unusual 
proceeding,  which  is  hardly  likely  to  form  a 
precedent.  A  short  correspondence  on  the 
subject  took  place  in  the  Atkenmuii  (6  Feb., 
I>.  178  ;  13  Feb.,  p.  212 ;  20  Feb.,  p.  241),  in 


which  Mr.  Aldis  Wright  conclusively  showed 
that  FitzGerald  had  no  claim  to  the  author- 
ship of  these  verses. 

The  odd  part  of  the  matter  is  that  Mr. 
Thomas  Wright  was  no  stranger  to  the  name 
of  Edward  Marl  borough  Fitzgerald.  On  one 
occasion  ('Life,'  i.  76)  he  says  that  he  left 
Cambridge  "in  ill  odour"  when  E.  F.  G. 
entered  it  (Feb.,  1826) ;  on  another  ('  Life,'  i. 
312)  he  refers  to  him  as  "the  man  with  the 
tarnished  reputation."  It  would  be  interesting 
to  know  Mr.  Wright's  authority  for  this  hard 
language,  because  from  his  letter  to  the 
Athenceum  of  13  February  it  is  evident  he 
really  knows  nothing  about  him.  FitzGerald 
certainly  disliked  his  namesake,  and  resented 
being  mistaken  for  him ;  but  that  may  have 
been  because  he  considered  he  wrote  bad 
verses.  It  may,  therefore,  be  interesting  to 
quote  a  passage  from  Sir  George's  Young's 
Introduction  to  his  edition  of  Praed's  '  Poli- 
tical and  Occasional  Poems/  1888,  p.  xxiv, 
which  treats  his  literary  achievement  with 
some  severity,  but  affords  no  ground  for  the 
imputation  of  misconduct  which  is  made  by 
Mr.  Wright.  He  was  a  contemporary  of 
Praed's  at  Cambridge,  and  remained  his 
friend  through  life  : — 

"  The  present  appears  a  suitable  occasion  to  set 
at  rest  certain  doubts  as  to  the  authorship  of  poems, 
which  were  by  Praed's  last  American  editor,  Mr. 
W.  H.  Whitmore,  erroneously  ascribed  to  his  pen, 
and  were  excluded  by  Derwent  Coleridge  from 
the  collected  edition.  The  error  has  recently  been 
repeated,  with  less  excuse,  by  a  London  publisher. 
The  difficulty,  such  as  it  is,  arises  out  of  the  common 
use,  at  the  same  time  and  in  the  same  periodicals, 
of  one  and  the  same  initial  by  way  of  signature,  the 
Greek  uncial  4>,  by  Praed  and  by  his  friend  Edward 
M.  Fitzgerald.  This  Fitzgerald  is  by  no  means  to 
be  confounded  with  the  'hoarse  Fitzgerald'  of 
Byron's  '  English  Bards  and  Scotch  Reviewers,' 
who  was  parodied  in  the  first  piece  of  the  '  Rejected 
Addresses';  and  still  less  with  the  Edward  Fitz- 
Gerald who  rewrote  Omar  Khayyam  and  the 
'Agamemnon'  of  JSschylus  in  English.  He  was  a 
cousin  of  Mr.  Vesey  Fitzgerald,  whose  defeat  for 
the  County  Clare  in  1828  converted  the  Duke  of 
Wellington  to  Catholic  Emancipation  ;  he  was  an 
Irishman,  possessed  of  some  talent  for  verse,  and 
some  social  gifts,  and  he  died  some  years  after 
Praed's  death,  which  happened  in  1839.  Two  or 
three  poems  of  his,  written  in  imitation  of  Praed, 
have  been  included  by  Mr.  Locker-Lampson  in  his 
'Lyra  Elegantiarum';  he  has  also  left  some  good 
political  pieces  ;  but  apart  from  Praed's  inspiration, 
I  do  not  think  there  is  anything  of  his  composing 
which  merits  notice,  unless  it  be  a  bitter  lampoon 
on  Thomas  Moore,  which  appeared  in  the  Mommy 
'nxf.  of  25  September,  1835.  In  distinguishing  his 
ieces  from  Praed's  it  has  been  impossible  for  me 
to  ignore  in  him  a  certain  ingrained  vulgarity,  a 
Icliciency  of  accurate  knowledge  of  Latin,  an  im- 
perfect mastery  of  metre,  an  indifference  to  grammar, 
nui  a  laxity  in  rhyming,  which,  together  with  a 
fondness  for  musical  slang,  for  Irish  allusions,  and 


142 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [10*  s.  n.  AUG.  20,  im. 


for  quotations  from  Byron,  make  up  the  notes  of  a 
rather  unsatisfactory  writer.  How  different  from 
these  are  the  characteristics  of  Praed's  style  his 
admirers  will  not  need  to  be  informed ;  and  it  is 
nothing  less  than  a  duty  in  his  editor  to  protect 
Praed's  memory  from  the  ascription  of  pieces  im- 
possible for  him  to  have  written  and  quite  unworthy 
of  his  fame." 

These  last  words  may  be  taken  to  heart  by 
any  biographer  of  FitzGerald,  for  it  is  quite 
impossible  to  ascribe  to  his  fastidious  pen 
the  "poems"  which  Mr.  Wright  has  re- 
printea  from  '  The  Keepsake,'  and  which  are 
even  below  E.  M.  Fitzgerald's  usual  form. 
The  three  pieces  selected  by  Mr.  Locker- 
Lampson  are  probabty  the  best  that  could 
be  found,  and  when  compared  with  such  a 
poem  as  Praed's  lines  to  'My  Little  Cousins,' 
how  immeasurably  poor  they  seem.  The 
best  of  these  pieces, '  Chivalry  at  a  Discount,' 
was  corrected  throughout  by  Praed,  as  is 
proved  by  the  original  manuscript  in  the 
possession  of  Sir  Theodore  Martin.  The  last 
four  lines,  for  instance,  originally  ran  : — 

Oh,  had  I  lived  in  those  bright  times, 
Fair  Cousin,  for  thy  glances — 

Instead  of  many  senseless  rhymes, 
I  had  been  breaking  lances  ! 

This  was  altered  by  Praed  into  : — 
Oh,  had  I  in  those  times  been  bred, 

Fair  Cousin,  for  thy  glances — 
Instead  of  breaking  Priscian's  head, 

I  had  been  breaking  lances. 

When  the  grammar  of  the  original  lines  is 
examined,  one  can  understand  the  irony  of 
Praed's  emendation.  It  is  easy  to  compre- 
hend that  FitzGerald  had  no  desire  to  be 
mistaken  for  a  poet  of  this  calibre,  and  it  is 
to  be  hoped  that,  should  another  edition  of 
Mr.  Wright's  pleasant  biography  be  called 
for,  these  pieces,  which  do  no  credit  to  the 
memory  of  his  hero,  may  be  expunged. 

W.  F.  PKIDEAUX. 


LOCKE'S  MUSIC  FOR  '  MACBETH.' 
MUCH  confusion  seems  to  have  arisen  in 
the  minds  of  our  musical  and  theatrical 
historians  owing  to  the  erroneous  impression 
conveyed  by  that  arch-blunderer  Downes, 
in  his  '  Eoscius  Anglicanus,'  to  the  effect  that 
Davenant's  sophistication  of  *  Macbeth '  first 
saw  the  light  at  the  Dorset  Garden  theatre 
late  in  1672.  So  far  from  being  a  novelty, 
the  semi-opera  (to  adopt  North's  phrase) 
would  appear  to  have  been  a  mere  revival  of 
an  older  version  of  the  tragedy,  embellished 
by  a  few  spectacular  adjuncts,  such  as  the 
effect  of  the  flying  witches,  whose  inclusion 
was  doubtless  suggested  by  the  superior 
mechanical  resources  of  the  gorgeous  new 
theatre. 


Davenant  had  died  in  April,  1668,  after 
conducting  affairs  at  the  Duke's  playhouse 
in  Lincoln's  Inn  Fields  since  June,  1661,  and 
we  know  that  during  that  period  there  had 
been  several  revivals  of  '  Macbeth,'  at  least 
two  of  which  had  had  the  adventitious  aid 
of  dance  and  song.  The  tragedy  was  in  the 
bill  on  28  December,  1666,  when  Pepys  con- 
sidered it  "a  most  excellent  play  for  variety." 
What  he  means  by  "  variety  "  is  shown  in  his 
entry  of  7  January,  1667,  recording  another 
visit  to  the  Duke's  to  see  '  Macbeth,'  "  which, 
though  I  saw  it  lately,  yet  appears  a  most 
excellent  play  in  all  respects,  but  especially 
in  divertisement,  though  it  be  a  deep  tragedy, 
it  being  most  proper  here,  and  suitable."  He 
paid  another  visit  to  Davenant's  house  on 
19  April  following,  and  "saw  'Macbeth/ 
which,  though  I  have  seen  it  often,  yet  it  is- 
one  of  the  best  plays  for  a  stage,  and  variety 
of  dancing  and  musick,  that  ever  I  saw." 
The  music  for  the  production  of  1666-7  was 
apparently  written  by  Matthew  Locke,  an 
old  associate  of  Davenant's,  for  some  of  his 
"dance  music  in  'Macbeth'"  was  published 
in  1666,  and  again  in  1669.  These  compo- 
sitions differ  so  strikingly  in  style  from  the 
'Macbeth'  music  of  1672,  that  historians 
who  placidly  take  on  trust  the  statement  of 
Downes  that  the  latter  was  the  work  of  Locke 
are  hard  put  to  it  to  explain  the  discrepancy. 
Surely  the  discovery  of  a  score  of  the  later 
production  in  the  autograph  of  Henry  Pur- 
cell,  combined  with  the  fact  that  the  music 
is  written  distinctly  in  his  earlier  style,  settles 
the  question.  Croakers,  of  course,  will  re~ 
mind  us  of  the  juvenility  of  Purcell  in  1672, 
and  point  triumphantly  to  Downes's  state- 
ment that  his  first  theatrical  effort  was  com- 
posed in  1680  for  '  Theodosius.'  But  the 
uncorroborated  testimony  of  a  stupid  old 
gossip  in  the  last  stages  of  senile  decay  goes 
for  naught.  No  historical  chronicle  ever 
published  is  so  replete  with  error  as  the 
'  Roscius  Anglicanus.' 

One  sees  very  well  now  how  Downes's 
blunder  in  ascribing  the  'Macbeth'  music  of 
1672  to  Locke  occurred.  As  prompter  of  the 
old  Duke's  company,  he  had  seen  the  pro- 
duction of  1666-7,  for  which  Locke  un- 
doubtedly composed,  and  a  mind  and  memory 
none  too  well  ordered  at  the  best  readily 
confused  the  two.  W.  J.  LA  WHENCE. 

Dublin.  

COBDEN  BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
(See  10th  S.  i.  481 ;  ii.  3,  62,  103.) 
I  ADD  a  few  titles,  accidentally  omitted  OF 
which  have  come  to  hand  whilst  the  list  was- 
being  printed. 


.  ii.  AUG.  20, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


1838. 

Incorporate  your  Borough  !  A  letter  to  the  Inhabi- 
tants of  Manchester.  By  a  Radical  Reformer. 
Manchester,  J.  Gadsby  [1838].  8vo,  pp.  16.- 
This  tract,  of  which  5,000  copies  were  printed, 
led  to  the  obtaining  of  a  municipal  charter  for 
the  Parliamentary  borough  of  Manchester.  It 
became  excessively  rare,  and  the  only  copy  now 
known  to  be  in  existence  is  in  the  possession 
of  Mrs.  Jane  Cobden  Unwin.  Several  Man- 
chester collectors  are  known  to  have  been 
looking  for  this  tract,  unsuccessfully,  for  many 
years  past.  Two  may  be  mentioned,  father  and 
son,  who  vainly  have  searched  for  a  copy  since 
1852  !  Mrs.  Cobden  Un win's  copy  had  a  place 
of  honour  in  the  Old  Manchester  Exhibition 
of  the  present  year. 

1841. 

Speech  of  Mr.  Alderman  Cobden,  at  the  Town 
Council  [of  Manchester],  on  proposing  a  Reso- 
lution to  petition  both  Houses  of  Parliament 
for  the  Total  and  Immediate  Repeal  of  the 
Corn  Law.  (From  the  Manchester  Times, 
April  3,  1841.)  Manchester,  Prentice  &  Cath- 
rall. — A  folio  broadsheet. 

Total  Repeal.  Speech  in  the  House  of  Commons, 
Mayl5[1841].  Manchester.  8vo,  pp.  8.  M.F.L. 

1845. 

Is  Cobden  a  Traitor  for  speaking  and  voting  for  the 
Education  of  Priests  ?  And  ought  the  League 
to  be  broken  up?  By  a  Lancashire  Banker. 
Second  edition.  London,  Cleave.  [Manchester, 
printed  by  James  Kiernan.  8vo,  pp.  16.  1845.] 

1846. 

Lines  in  celebration  of  the  Grand  Free  Trade 
Festival,  3rd  August,  1846.  By  Robert  Dibb, 
the  Wharfdale  Poet.  Printed  during  the 
progress  of  the  Grand  Free  Trade  Procession 
by  Metcalfe  &  La  vender...  Manchester.— A  pic- 
torial broadside,  containing  a  view  of  the  birth- 
place of  Cobden. 

1848. 

An  Account  Current  of  the  Cobden  National 
tribute  Fund  to  April  29th,  1848.  [Manchester, 
pp.15.]  M.F.L. 

1853. 

1793  and  1853.  Manchester,  reprinted  by  Alexander 
Ireland.  1853.  8vo,  pp.  23. 

1865. 

A  New  Song  to  the  Memory  of  R.  Cobden,  Esq., 
M.P.— A   street    ballad.      It   is   reprinted    in 
'Curiosities    of    Street    Literature,'    London, 
Reeves  &  Turner,  1876. 
1903. 

The  Political  Writings  of  Richard  Cobden.  Lon- 
don, T.  Fisher  Unwin.  2  vols.— With  portrait 
of  Cobden  from  a  favourite  photograph  by 
Adolphe  Beau,  and  an  engraving  of  the  meeting 
of  the  Council  of  the  Anti-Corn  Law  League 
from  J.  R.  Herbert's  picture. 
1904. 

Cobden's  Work  and  Opinions.  By  Lord  Welby 
and  Sir  Louis  Mallet.  London,  T.  Fisher 
Unwin,  1904.  8vo,  pp.  48.— This  is  the  preface 
to  the  'Political  Writings,'  1903,  with  the 
omission  of  a  few  phrases. 

On  Cobden's  ancestry,  see  'N.  &  Q.,'  7th  S. 
xi.  426,  510. 
In  May,  1837,  Cobden  wrote  and  published 


a  pamphlet  on  *  National  Education.'  It  was 
a  reprint  of  a  letter  which  appeared  in  the1 
Manchester  Guardian,  but  no  copy  of  the 
tract  is  known. 

We  do  not  usually  associate  the  name, 
honoured  in  other  directions,  of  Joseph 
Hume  with  bibliography,  but  he  had  the 
good  sense  to  understand  the  historic  value 
of  pamphlet  and  other  ephemeral  literature,, 
and  wrote  to  the  Anti-Corn  Law  League, 
a  letter,  printed  in  the  Manchester  Guardian, 
16  Dec.,  1842,  in  which  he  said  :— 

'I  am  desirous  to  have  the  proceedings  of  the 
Anti-Corn-Law  League  placed  on  record ;  and  I 
request,  for  that  purpose,  that  you  would  appoint? 
some  two  members  of  your  committee,  or  the 


up  to  this  time,  and  to  give  directions  that  a  copy 
of  every  paper  and  document  henceforth  printed 
be  preserved  and  sent  to  me ;  and  I  will  have 
them  bound  and  presented  to  the  British  Museum* 
—there  to  remain  a  proof  of  the  efforts  made  to 
procure  free  trade  in  food,"  &c. 

Was  this  intention  carried  into  effect  ? 

WILLIAM  E.  A.  AXON. 


"SANGUIS":    ITS    DERIVATION. 
(See  10th  S.  i.  462,  515.) 

I  MAY  remind  the  reader  that  I  am  endea- 
vouring in  these  papers  to  connect  a£//.a  and 
sanguis.  As  there  is  no  philological  obstacle 
in  the  way  of  that  connexion,  the  probability 
of  it,  on  various  grounds,  is  so  great  as  ta 
outweigh  any  theoretical  origin  from  in- 
dependent roots.  When  examining  IX<*>P  &nd 
suggesting  its  connexion  with  Lat.  vigor 
and  W.  givaed,  I  should  have  been  glad  to 
find  the  suggestion  countenanced  by  the- 
identification  of  Eng.  sap  and  sanguis.  But 
I  could  not  see  my  way  to  that  identification, . 
for  the  labialization  of  the  Indo-European 
root  sak-  presupposes  a  fuller  form  sakv-,  and 
it  is  an  elementary  fact  in  Indo-European 
philology  that  the  Teutonic  languages  do  not 
labialize  the  velar  guttural.  If,  therefore*. 
Eng.  sap  comes  from  the  root  sak-,  it  must 
have  been  borrowed  from  a  non-Teutonic 
source  in  a  form  already  labialized  ;  and  in 
that  case  the  probability  is  that  the  vowel 
would  have  become  i  (as  we  find  in  Sif,  the 
name  of  Thor's  golden-haired  wife). 

The  group  of  Latin  words  connected  with 
sanguis  contains  sagus,  sagana,  Sancus,  sancio 
sacer,  sdgio,  among  others.  Of  these  "  others," 
perhaps  the  most interestingis sagmen,  which 
Lewis  and  Short,  in  their  'Dictionary,'  most 
absurdly  connect  with  the  Greek  o-arrw,  not 
deeming  Festus's  derivation  from  sancio  even 
worth  notice.  The  minute  account  that  has 


144 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       DO*  s.  11.  AUG.  20, 


•come  down  to  us  of  the  elaborate  ceremony 
of  the  Fetial  darigatio  can  leave  no  doubt  in 
the  mind  of  an  unbiassed  reader  that  Festus 
was  right,  while  a  plausible  inference 
may  also  be  drawn  from  the  same  descrip- 
tion that  the  Jupiter  of  the  ceremony 
•must  at  one  time  have  been  known 
.as  "Sancus,"  and  that  the  "  Dius  Fidius" 
JSancus,  sancio,  and  sagmen  are  all  inti- 
mately connected  with  sanguis,  word  and 
deed  alike.  A  similar  inference  may  be 
•drawn  from  the  "  hyssop "  of  Exodus  xii.  22  : 
"  And  ye  shall  take  a  bunch  of  hyssop,  and 
dip  it  in  the  blood  that  is  in  the  bason,  and 
strike  the  lintel  and  the  two  side  posts  with 
the  blood  that  is  in  the  bason."  It  is  worthy 
of  notice  that  the  hyssop  (Hebrew  and  Arabic 
•ezob)  which  "springeth  out  of  the  wall" 
(1  Kings  iv.  33)  might  very  well  derive  its 
name  from  a  labialized  form  of  sagmen,  which 
in  that  case  would  be  rather  of  a  Medi- 
terranean than  of  an  Indo-European  origin. 
I  have  examined  the  latest  authorities  (e.g.-, 
the  *  Encyclopaedia  Biblica')  on  this  question, 
and  I  can  find  nothing  to  militate  against 
this  suggestion. 

Just  as  I  write  this  I  find  in  the  Daily  Tele- 
graph of  26  July,  in  an  article  on  '  A  Japanese 
Memorial  Service,'  by  Mr.  R.  J.  McHugh,  the 
correspondent  of  that  paper  with  the  Japanese 
army,  the  following  interesting  statement  :— 

"Then  one  of  the  assistant  priests  [of  the  Shinto 
religion]  went  to  the  table,  on  which  lay  the  single 
pine  branch,  and,  raising  it  in  his  hands,  he  waved 
it  three  times  over  the  altar,  murmuring  prayers  as 
the  did  it,  thus  consecrating  it  for  the  service.  Then 
lie  performed  a  similar  office  to  the  other  tables, 
and  the  basket  of  offerings,  his  fellow-priests,  the 
general  and  his  staff,  the  foreign  officers,  and,  lastly, 
the  long  lines  of  khaki-clad  soldiers  on  the  plain 
below,  sanctifying  the  whole  assembly.  The  cere- 
mony of  sanctification  is  termed  '  sakaki,'  and 
should  be  performed  with  the  branch  of  a  special 
shrub,  resembling  the  tea-plant,  which  grows  in 
-Japan ;  but  in  its  absence  any  evergreen  branch  is 
equally  efficacious." 

•Saki  and  ki  are  words  familiar  to  all  who 
take  an  interest  in  res  Japonicce. ;  but  what 
exactly  does  sakaki  denote  and  connote  1 

J.  P.  OWEN. 


CAMBRIDGE  FAMILY.— Michael  de  North- 
"burgh,  Bishop  of  London,  who  died  in  1361, 
by  his  will  appointed  John  de  Cauntebrigg 
one  of  his  executors.  The  will  was  proved 
on  13  December,  1361,  when  power  was  re- 
served for  him  to  come  in  and  prove  later 
(R,  R.  Sharpe,  '  Calendar  of  Wills  proved  in 
the  Court  of  Rusting/  vol.  ii.  p.  61).  Pro- 
bate apears,  however,  to  have  been  granted 
to  him  before  1374,  as  we  find  that  on  10  March 
of  that  year  (47  Edw.  III.)  a  demise  was 


executed  by  him  (John  de  Cantebrugge)  and 
one  of  the  other  executors  to  William  Stowe 
and  Alice  his  wife,  of  lands  and  tenements  at 
Ty bourne,  late  the  property  of  Michael  de 
Northburgh,  formerly  Bishop  of  London,  in 
exchange  for  a  windmill  in  a  place  called 
"  Vernecroft,"  near  Clerkenwell  (P.  R.  O., 
'  Calendar  of  Ancient  Deeds,'  vol.  ii.  B.  2299). 
Is  anything  further  known  of  this  John  of 
Cambridge  ? 

Many  references  are  to  be  found  to  members 
of  this  family  in  the  Calendars  of  Letter- 
Books  of  the  Corporation  of  London  and  else- 
where. Reginald  Kantebregge,  of  whom,  how- 
ever, little  appears  to  be  known,  except  that  he 
was  one  of  the  sureties  for  Henry  de  Frowyck, 
who  was  sheriff  in  1274  ('Calendar  of  Letter- 
Book  A,'  p.  194),  and  that  he  appears  to  have 
died  before  1284  (J.  J.  Baddeley,  '  Aldermen 
of  Cripplegate  Ward,'  1900,  p.  10,  quoting 
Husting  Roll  14,  210),  is  one  of  the  earliest. 

In  1284  Robert  de  Cantebrugge  was  Sheriff 
of  the  City  of  London  (J.  J.  Baddeley,  *  Alder- 
men of  Cripplegate  Ward,'  1900,  p.  12). 

In  1307,  16  September,  Thomas  de  Cante- 
brig  was  appointed  a  Baron  of  the  Exchequer, 
in  which  position  he  remained  until  13  July, 
1310.  From  that  date  until  1317  he  appears 
to  have  been  frequently  employed  in  foreign 
negotiations  (Foss,  '  The  Judges  of  England,' 
quoting  Rymer's  '  Fredera,'  i.  934,  ii.  15,  175, 
273,  333  ;  k  Madox,'  ii.  58  ;  and  '  Parl.  Writs,' 
ii.  pp.  ii,  4,  630, 1408). 

As  early,  however,  as  the  time  of  Edward  I. 
there  appears  to  have  been  a  Sir  John  Cam- 
bridge who  was  chosen  one  of  the  Members 
of  Parliament  for  the  town  of  Cambridge,  in 
the  Great  Parliament  called  in  1295.  He  is 
described  as  a  man  of  note  in  the  town,  and 
subsequently  became  a  Justice  in  the  King's 
Bench.  He  was  evidently  a  man  of  means, 
for  in  1344  he  presented  the  Gild  at  the  College 
of  Corpus  Christi  in  Cambridge  with  a  pix 
of  silver  gilt,  weighing  78^  oz.  (Atkinson  and 
Clark,  'Cambridge  Described  and  Illustrated,' 
pp.  25  and  50).  This  Sir  John  Cambridge 
appears  to  have  died  in  1335  ('  D.N.B.'). 

Then  there  was  a  Sir  John  Cambridge  who 
is  said  to  have  been  a  son  of  Thomas  Cam- 
bridge, Judge  of  the  Exchequer  ('D.N.B.,' 
and  Atkinson  and  Clark,  '  Cambridge  De- 
scribed and  Illustrated,'  p.  235).  But  he  can 
scarcely  be  the  same  as  the  person  last  de- 
scribed, although  he  may  possibly  be  the 
executor  of  Michael  Northburgh,  and  he  may 
also  be  the  same  person  as  John  de  Caunte- 
brugg,  who  in  1378  came  into  the  Exchequer 
with  other  burgesses  of  Cambridge,  and  for 
them  and  the  men  of  the  town  made  fine  to 
the  king  in  40s.  to  have  the  liberties  of  the 


io<»  s.  ii.  AUC.  20, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


145 


town  which  had  been  seized  into  the  king's 
hands  restored  (Cooper's  *  Annals  of  Cam- 
bridge,' 1843,  vol.  i.  p.  117,  quoting  Madox, 
'Firma  Burgi,'  142).  The  two  individuals 
seem,  however,  to  have  been  frequently  con- 
fused by  writers  (cf.  'D.N.B.,'  and  Foss,  'The 
Judges  of  England,'  art. '  John  de  Cantebrig '). 

In  1340  we  find  a  Stephen  de  Cambridge 
mentioned  in  Cooper's 'Annals  of  Cambridge,' 
vol.  i.  p.  93,  who  acted  as  attorney  for  the 
Mayor  and  Bailiffs  of  the  town  of  Cambridge. 

In  1392  the  will  of  Isabel  Cambridge 
(Langley),  Duchess  of  Euerwyk  and  Countess 
of  Foderingey,  co.  Northants,  was  proved  in 
the  Prerogative  Court  of  Canterbury  (Reg. 
7  Rous). 

There  was  Sir  William  Cauntebrigg,  who 
was  Alderman  and  Sheriff  of  the  City  of 
London  in  1415  (Ry ley's  4  Memorials,'  p.  620; 
Letter  -  Book  I.,  fol.  clix).  By  his  will, 
which  was  proved  in  the  Prerogative  Court 
of  Canterbury  (Reg.  16  Luffenam),  in  1432, 
from  which  it  appears  that  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Grocers'  Company,  he  left  property  to 
his  wife  Edith  for  her  life,  with  remainder 
to  the  Prior  of  the  London  Charterhouse. 
The  will  was  dated  27  December,  1431,  and 
was  registered  in  the  Court  of  Husting  6  May, 
1433  (R.  R.  Sharpe,  •  Gal.  of  Wills  Court  of 
Husting,'  vol.  ii.  p.  463). 

H.  W.  UNDERDOWN. 

CRICKET.— It  may  interest  the  readers  of 
*  N.  &  Q.'  to  know  that  one  of  the  earliest  sepa- 
rately printed  references,  if  not  the  first,  to  a 
cricket  match  is  a  folio  broadside,  "  printed 
for  J.  Parker  in  Paternoster  Row,''  1712,  a 
copy  of  which  (probably  unique)  was  sold 
at  Sotheby's  rooms,  21  June  last,  lot  480, 
entitled  "  The  Devil  and  the  Peers ;  or.  The 
Princely  way  of  Sabbath-breaking.  Being  a 
True  Account  of  a  famous  Cricket-Match 

between  the  Duke  of  M ,  another  Lord, 

and  two  Boys,  on  Sunday  the  25th  of  May 
last,  1712,  near  Fern-Hill  in  Windsor  Forrest ; 
for  Twenty  Guineas."  I  am  under  the  im- 
pression that  I  have  seen  an  advertisement 
of  a  still  earlier  cricket  match,  viz.,  of  the 
year  1705,  in  a  contemporary  newspaper  (the 
Postman,  I  believe);  but  the  same  cannot, 
of  course,  be  considered  a  "separately  printed 
reference  "  in  the  sense  of  the  above. 

W.  I.  R,  V. 

*  MAGAZINE  OF  ART.'— This  now  defunct 
monthly  was  delivered  at  my  residence  upon 
its  first  appearance  in  May,  1878,  and  received 
regularly  there  until  it  expired  in  July.  The 
first  three  volumes  were  smaller  (royal  8vo) 
than  were  the  after  issues.  Further,  these 
earlier  books,  as  bound,  are  bibliographical 


curiosities,  possessing  no  preface,  date,  or 
indication  of  their  respective  dates  of  issue. 
The  first  volume  contains  eight  parts  only. 
Upon  the  next,  under  an  etching  by  Hubert 
Herkomer,  occur  the  words,  "Magazine  of 
Art.  Vol.  II.,"  but  absolutely  no  date. 
Vol.  III.  is  also  dateless.  Messrs.  Cassell  & 
Co.,  the  publishers,  explained  to  me,  many 
years  ago,  that,  originally  published  simply 
as  monthly  issues,  until  the  Magazine  of 
Art  had  attained  its  fourth  year  they  were 
not  at  all  sure  the  venture  was  going  to 
survive.  Hence  the  omissions  mentioned. 

HARRY  HEMS. 
Fair  Park,  Exeter. 

BROOM  SQUIRES.— In  that  delightful  book 
'Old  West  Surrey,'  by  Gertrude  Jekyll,  re- 
cently published,  allusion  is  made  to  a  notable 
rural  industry  —  heath  and  birch  broom - 
making— and  the  makers  of  those  unrivalled 
domestic  necessities,  who  are  popularly  known 
as  "  broom  squires."  Mr.  Baring-Gould  has 
made  those  humble  workers  of  the  country- 
side famous  in  his  Hind  head  story  '  The- 
Broom  Squire.' 

Some  light  upon  the  origin  of  this  now 
generally  acknowledged  sobriquet  will  b& 
acceptable,  certainly  to  the  writer.  Miss 
Jekyll  calls  them  "  broom-squarers." 

Another  explanation,  which  is  given  as 
received  from  a  member  of  my  own  family, 
who  has  been  familiar  with  the  story  from 
his  boyhood,  has,  I  think,  never  been  pub- 
lished. It  is  this.  In  the  early  years  of  the 
last  century  an  old  broom  -  maker  named 
White  lived  at  Shottermill,  in  Surrey.  He 
was  in  a  larger  way  in  the  broom  business 
than  was,  perhaps,  usual  in  that  day,  and 
was  an  employer  of  labour.  Top-boots  were 
then  the  special  privilege  of  men  of  the 
squire  class.  Our  friend  the  broom-maker 
appeared  one  day  in  a  brand-new  pair  of  top- 
boots,  and  created  a  sensation.  The  neigh- 
bours humorously  dubbed  him  "  the  Broom- 
Squire,"  thus  inaugurating  a  nickname  des- 
tined to  live  and  gain  considerable  currency 
in  the  south  of  England. 

I  do  not  know  if  this  matter  has  been 
investigated  to  any  extent  in  *  N.  &  Q.' ;  but 
information  or  conclusions  from  other  corre- 
spondents may  possibly  interest  regular 
readers.  CHARLES  PANNELL. 

FIRST  BISHOP  CONSECRATED  IN  WESTMINSTER 
CATHEDRAL. — It  is  interesting  to  note  that 
the  Right  Rev.  Patrick  Fen  ton,  who  was 
consecrated  Bishop  of  Amycla  on  Sunday,. 
29  May,  is  the  first  bishop  consecrated  in 
Westminster  Cathedral,  and  in  all  pro- 
bability the  first  Roman  Catholic  bisnop 


146 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      cio*  s.  11.  AUG.  20, 


ever  consecrated  in  Westminster  outside  the 
walls  of  the  Abbey. 

FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 

"THE  GREAT  REAPER  DEATH."  (See  ante, 
p.  98.)  Longfellow  has  written  this  line  : — 

There  is  a  reaper,  whose  name  is  Death. 
It  is  in  his  poem  '  The  Reaper  and  the 
Flowers.'  I  thought  at  first  that  Pope  had 
used  the  expression  ;  but  a  moment's  reflec- 
tion brought  to  my  mind  his  actual  words, 
*'  the  great  teacher  Death." 

E.  YARDLEY. 

"  WORKING  CLASS  "  OFFICIALLY  DEFINED.— 
In  a  revised  Standing  Order  of  the  House  of 
Commons,  adopted  on  the  motion  of  the 
Chairman  of  Ways  and  Means,  at  the  close  of 
the  session  of  1902,  a  much-disputed  phrase 
is  thus  officially  defined  : — 

"  The  expression  'working class '  means  mechanics, 
artisans,  labourers,  and  others  working  for  wages, 
hawkers,  costermongers,  persons  not  working  for 
wages,  but  working  at  some  trade  or  handicraft 
without  eniploying  others  except  members  of  their 
own  family,  and  persons,  other  than  domestic 
servants,  whose  income  in  any  case  does  not  exceed 
an  average  of  thirty  shillings  a  week  and  the 
families  of  any  of  such  persons  who  may  be  residing 
with  them." 

ALFRED  F.  BOBBINS  . 

4  CHANSON  DE  ROLAND.' — On  the  subject  of 
the  authorship  of  the  'Chanson  de  Roland' 
and  the  minstrel  depicted  and  named  on  the 
Bayeux  tapestry,  I  received  the  following 
note  from  the  late  Prof.  Julleville  : — 

"Monsieur  tant  de  personnages  se  sont  nomme's 
Turoldus  ou  Theroude  au  Moyen  Age  qu'il  est 
egalement  impossible  de  nier  ou  d'affirmer  1'identite1 
du  menestrel  de  la  tapisserie  de  Bayeux  et  du 
trouvere  qui  a  composl  Roland,  si  Turoldus  n'est 
pas  tout  simplement  le  scribe  qui  copie  ou  le 
jongleur  qui  recite.  Je  vous  salue  monsieur  avec 
distinction.— P.  J.  (13  Mai,  1892)." 

E.  S.  DODGSON. 

JOHN  OWEN  AND  ARCHBISHOP  WILLIAMS.— 
The  author  of  the  life  of  John  Owen,  the  epi- 
grammatist, in  the  *  D.N.B.'  writes  : — 

"  Latterly  Owen  is  said  to  have  owed  his  main- 
tenance to  his  kinsman,  Lord-Keeper  Williams.  It 
is  remarkable  that  though  he  addresses  epigrams  to 
numerous  patrons  and  relatives,  there  are  none 
addressed  to  Williams." 

Epigrams  42,  43,  and  44  in  book  iii.  of 
Owen's  last  volume  are  addressed  to  three 
different  Welshmen  bearing  the  name  of 
John  Williams.  The  second  of  these  was 
the  future  archbishop.  He  is  clearly  de 
scribed  at  the  head  of  the  distich  as  "  Canta- 
brigiensem,  Theologum,  &  Collegii  S.  Joannis 
Socium."  Ep.  45,  beginning,  "  Tres  mihi 
cognati,"  is  addressed  to  all  three  men.  See 
Baker,  'Hist,  of  the  Coll.  of  St.  John  the 


vangelist,  Cambridge'  (ed.  J.  E.  B.  Mayor), 
p.  207  :— 

4<  Owen  the  epigrammatist  has  bestowed  two  epi- 
grams upon  this  master  [Owen  Gwyn]  and  his 
greater  pupil  [Archbishop  Williams].  That  upon 
the  pupil  is  large  enough,  and  peculiar  to  the 
person  described  in  it ;  the  other  is  common,  and 
will  suit  any  man  as  well  as  Dr.  Gwyn." 

3ne  would  infer  from  this  that  Owen  only 
"  bestowed  "  a  single  epigram  upon  Dr.  Gwyn. 
Owen  Gwyn's  name  (Audoenus  Gwyn)  is 
above  two  epigrams  —  lib.  iii.  166  of  the 
earliest  volume,  and  No.  89  of  the  second 
(dedicated  to  Arabella  Stuart).  Either, 
apparently,  would  "suit  any  man  as  well." 
We  may  presume  that  the  same  Gwyn  is 
meant,  as  in  both  instances  Owen  describes 
trim  as  "  cognatum  suum  "  and  "  Theol[og]." 
ED.WARD  BENSLY. 
The  University,  Adelaide,  South  Australia. 

JACOBIN  SOUP.— The  explanation  of  this 
word  quoted  from  Phillips,  1706,  "a  kind  of 
French  Potage  with  Cheese,"  is  the  only 
instance  given  by  the  'KE.D.'  An  earlier 
use,  and  the  probable  source  of  Phillips's 
explanation,  is  to  be  found  in  'The  Com- 
pleat  Cook,'  1696,  where  on  p.  333  is  a 
recipe  for  "The  Jacobins  Pottage."  The 
cheese  may  be  either  "Parmasant"  or  cold 
Holland  cheese.  E.  G.  B. 

CAXTON  AND  THE  WORD  "  RICHTER."— In 
Caxton's  '  Golden  Legend,'  in  the  account  of 
St.  Nicholas,  there  is  a  narrative  of  the  rescue 
of  three  knights  unjustly  condemned  to  death. 
The  saint  is  accompanied  by  three  princes 
who  were  his  guests  : — 

"  And  when  they  had  come  to  where  they  should 
be  beheaded,  he  found  them  on  their  knees,  and 
blindfold,  and  the  Tighter  brandished  his  sword 
over  their  heads.  And  St.  Nicholas,  embraced 
with  the  love  of  God,  set  him  hardily  against  the 
Tighter,  and  took  the  sword  out  of  his  hand,  and 
threw  it  from  him,  and  unbound  the  innocents,  and 
led  them  with  him  all  safe." 

I  quote  from  the  very  pretty  and  convenient 
edition  published  in  the  "  Temple  Classics  "  ; 
but  for  the  purposes  of  this  note  I  have  con- 
sulted the  Latin  edition  of  Voragine  (Paris, 
1475),  the  English  version  of  Caxton  (1483, 
1493,  1527),  the  French  version  of  Bataillier 
(Lyons,  1476),  and  the  Dutch  version  (Gouda, 
1480)— all  of  which,  with  others,  are  in  the 
John  Kylands  Library  at  Manchester.  The 
word  in  Caxton's  editions  of  1483  and  1493  is 
spelt  in  the  first  place  righttar,  and  in  the 
second  Tighter,  although  they  are  only  four 
lines  apart.  The  word  was  apparently  felt 
to  be  outlandish,  and  in  the  last  edition 
issued  by  Wynkyn  de  Worde  (1527)  offycer  is 
substituted  for  Tighter.  This  is  evidently  the 


10*  s.  ii.  AUG.  so.  ION.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


147 


German  word  Richter.  Caxton  tells  us  that 
he  had  a  French,  a  Latin,  and  an  English 
*  Legend,'  and  that  out  of  these  three  he  had 
made  one  book.  The  French  version  of  Jean 
de  Vignay,  of  which  Caxton  made  use,  I  have 
cot  seen  ;  but  in  Bataillier's  translation  the 
word  decolleur  it  employed.  In  the  Dutch 
version  we  read  "hancman."  That  Caxton 
should  use  the  word  Richter  is  noteworthy. 
The  long  interval  that  now  exists  between 
judge  and  executioner  lends  an  ironical  air 
to  the  use  of  a  common  name  for  both. 

WILLIAM  E.  A.  AXON. 
Manchester. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
•direct. 

"  HOOSIER."— For  about  three-quarters  of  a 
•century  the  State  of  Indiana  and  its  people 
have  been  designated  by  the  word  "  Hoosier." 
Its  origin  is  uncertain.  It  has  commonly 
been  supposed  that  it  was  coined  at  the  time 
it  was  applied  to  the  State,  and  several 
stories  as  to  derivation  have  been  circulated — 
that  it  came  from  "  Who 's  here  1 "  or  "  Who 
is  yer1?"  from  "hussar,"  corrupted  after  the 
Napoleonic  wars;  from  "  husher,'*  supposed 
to  have  been  used  to  signify  a  bully.  All 
these  stories  are  imaginative.  The  word  was 
in  common  use  in  the  slang  of  the  Southern 
States  at  the  time  it  was  applied  to  Indiana. 
It  was  equivalent  to  •*  jay  "  or  "  hayseed  "  in 
their  present  use  in  this  country,  meaning 
an  uncouth  rustic.  There  was  a  fad  of  nick- 
naming at  the  time,  and  this  name  was 
applied  to  Indiana,  as  "  Buckeye  "  to  Ohio, 
"Sucker"  to  Illinois,  "Red  Hoss"  to  Ken- 
tucky, <fec. 

It  has  been  shown  that  most  of  the  "  Ame- 
ricanisms" of  the  South  are  merely  survivals 
of  English,  Irish,  or  Scotch  dialect ;  so  much 
so,  that  it  has  been  said  that  British  dialect 
is  better  preserved  in  our  Southern  States 
than  in  the  old  country.  This  word,  in  its 
form,  seems  to  bear  English— almost  Anglo- 
Saxon — credentials.  If  a  normal  derivation, 
one  would  expect  it  to  be  formed  from  a  verb 
"hoose,"  but  no  such  word  was  known  in 
this  country  until  '  The  Century  Dictionary  ' 
was  printed.  Although  "hoose"  has  been 
commonly  used  in  England,  not  only  in 
dialect,  but  in  veterinary  works,  the  disease 
has  been  known  in  this  country  only  by  the 
name  of  the  worm  that  causes  it — /<//>, >^/,'//>^' 
micrurus.  The  word  "Hoosier"  might  pos- 


sibly have  come  from  this  source.  Animals 
affected  by  the  disease  have  a  wild,  uncouth 
look,  staring  eyes,  hair  rough,  &c.,  that  might 
suggest  an  epithet  for  an  uncouth  person. 
"  Hoose  "  is  from  a  strong  old  stem,  noted  in 
all  the  archaic  and  provincial  dictionaries 
and  glossaries. 

There  is  a  possibility  of  a  geographical 
origin  in  "Hoose,"  a  coast  parisji  of  Che- 
shire, a  few  miles  west  of  Liverpool.  This 
name  presumably  comes  from  the  Anglo- 
Saxon  "  hoo,"  meaning  high,  and  referring  to 
the  cliffs  of  the  coast.  Dr.  Joseph  Wright, 
in  his  'English  Dialect  Dictionary,'  gives 
"hoozer,"  meaning  anything  large,  which 
probably  comes  from  this  source,  and  may  be 
the  original  of  our  word. 

There  is  one  other  possibility  worth  men- 
tioning—that it  may  have  come  from  India 
through  England.  In  India  "Huzur"  or 
"  Hoozur "  is  a  respectful  form  of  address  to 
persons  of  rank  or  superiority.  Akin  to  it  is 
"  housha,"  the  title  of  a  village  authority  in 
Bengal.  This  may  look  like  a  far  cry,  but  it 
is  not  unprecedented.  "  Fake  "  and  "  fakir  " 
evidently  came  in  that  way,  and  "  khaki " 
was  introduced  from  India,  and  adopted  in 
English  and  American  nurseries  long  before 
khaki-cloth  was  heard  of.  Of  course  the 
person  called  "Hoozur"  in  India  would  be 
an  outlandish  -  looking  one  to  a  Briton 
unaccustomed  to  such  dress. 

If  you  or  any  of  your  correspondents  can 
throw  any  light  on  this  question,  or  cite  any 
use  of  the  word  prior  to  1830,  it  would  be  an 
accommodation  to  many  persons  on  this  side 
of  the  water.  J.  P.  DUNN. 

Secretary  Ind.  Historical  Soc. 

Indianapolis. 

HAGIOLOGICAL  TERMS  EMPLOYED  BY  ENGLISH 
SEAMEN  ABOUT  1500.  —  1.  Are  there  any 
examples  in  the  folk  literature  of  Bristol, 
London,  Whitby,  &c.,  of  the  use  of  the 
following  equivalents  ?  Dead  man  =  Good 
Friday  ;  Flowers  =  Easter  Sunday  :  Grace = 
Christmas;  Clowns  =  day  near  Cnristmas  ; 
Bulls  =  Circumcision  ;  Witless  (Fools)  = 
Epiphany. 

Is  there  any  hagiological  distinction 
between  clowns  and  fools?  Deadman  and 
Flowers  and  Bulls  and  Witless  respectively 
appear  twice  on  the  Newfoundland  coast  in 
such  close  proximity  as  to  suggest  their 
having  the  meaning  given  above. 

Deadman  is  given  in  various  languages 
and  corruptions :  (1)  Emcorporada ;  (2) 
Monte  Cristo,  Monte  de  trigo ;  (3)  Corques, 
Cork,  Orque;  (4)  Carqus.  As  Good  Friday, 
1498,  the  most  probable  year  in  this  con- 


148 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [ID*  s.  n.  AUG.  20,  iw*. 


nexion,  occurred  on  13  April,  I  am  inclined 
to  believe  that  some  place  near  Dead  man's 
Bay  was  named  after  St.  Carpus,  13-14  April, 
hence  arose  the  confusion.  With  the  Bristol 
seamen,  who  apparently  gave  the  names  in 
this  locality,  went  some  "poor  Italian 
monks  who  have  all  been  promised  bishop- 
rics." An  island  in  this  vicinity  was  named 
"  Island  of  Friar  Lewis,"  perpetuated  in  the 
names  Cape  Freels  (Frailes— the  Monk)  and 
Lewis  Island.  Does  the  use  of  St.  Carpus, 
not  found  in  the  York,  Sarum,  or  Hereford 
Calendars,  as  far  as  I  can  gather,  point  to 
any  particular  order  of  monks?  Is  the 
identification  of  Carqus  with  Carpus  in- 
admissible etymologically  1  And  is  carqus 
rather  a  corruption  of  carcass  1 

2.  Are  the  following  saints  associated  in 
any    calendar    of    the    period  :    St.    Agnes 
(21  Jan.),  St.  Bridget  (17  Feb.),  St.  Rhenus 
(24  Feb.),  St.  Baldred  (5  March),  St.  Gregory 
(12  March)  1 

3.  Cape  Spear  (Hesperus),  near  St.  John's, 
Newfoundland. — Would  the  evening  star  be 
in  a  very  conspicuous  position  to  a  seaman 
sailing  south,  to  Cape  Spear  about  1  Jan.,  1498 1 

4.  Thefollowing  places  are  evidently  named 
in  connexion  with  25  March  :  Devil's  Look- 
out, Adam  or  Oldman,  and  Paradise.     What 
events  of  this  character  were  commemorated 
on  or  near  this  day  in  England  1    Is  the  use 
of  Paradise  Anglican  or  Gallic  (Norman  or 
Breton)? 

5.  Can    Placentia  have    had    a   liturgical 
significance  1    Has  the  association  of  clowns, 
crokers,  and  cupids  any  ? 

6.  Skirwink  and  Spurwick  appear  to  be 
connected  with  two  Yorkshire  names  on  our 
coast,  Flamboro  Head  and  Robin  Hood's  Bay. 
I  cannot  find  them  in  any  book  of  reference. 
I  thought  Skirwink  might  be  formed  from 
sher  (and  wick)  as  in  Sherwood  Forest,  which 
was  said  to  extend  at  one  time  to  Whitby. 

7.  Is  there  any  modern    book    in   which 
Calendars,  Martyrologiums,  and  Obtuariums 
of  particular  dioceses,  churches,  or  orders  in 
England,   Normandy,   &c.,  are  grouped   for 
comparison  ?    I  am  in  search  of  references 
to  printed   or  MS.    calendars,   &c.,  directly 
connected    with     such     ports     as    Bristol, 
Weymouth,  Southampton,  London,  Whitby, 
St.  Malo,  Dieppe,  Lisbon,  Seville,  Genoa,  and 
Venice.    I  should  feel  deeply  indebted  to  any 
reader  who  would    supply    me    with    tran- 
scription of  any  particular  calendar,  &c.,  of 
the  fifteenth  and  sixteenth  centuries  having 
such  local  connexion. 

8.  Was  the  "day  of  March"  the  25th  or 
31st  in  England  ?  G.  R.  F.  PROWSE. 

jbt.  John's,  Newfoundland. 


"  To     SPEAK     WITH     THE     TONGUE     IN    THE 

CHEEK." — What  are  the  origin  and  meaning 
of  this  phrase  ]  EDWARD  PALMER. 

[The  significance  seems  about  the  same  as  that  of 
a  vulgar  and  current  locution,  "  To  wink  the  other- 
eye."  The  phrase  means  that  a  thing  is  spoken,, 
but  that  credence  is  scarcely  expected.] 

KEGIMENTS  ENGAGED  AT  BOOMPLATZ.  —  I 
should  be  glad  to  know  of  some  book  giving 
an  account  (with  regiments  engaged,  &c.)  of 
the  battle  of  Boomplatz,  under  Sir  Harry 
Smith,  in  1848.  This,  of  course,  was  against 
the  Boers.  A.  J.  MITCHELL,  Major. 

"TRYLLE  UPON  MY  HARPE."  —  Thomas 
Ginder,  of  the  parish  of  Elham,  in  Kent,  by 
his  will,  dated  1466,  gave,  among  other  pay- 
ments to  the  church,  "To  the  light  thafc 
commonly  at  Elham  is  called  Trylle  upon  my 
Harpe,  6d"  This  light  is  so  called  in  two- 
other  wills  ;  and  John  Goldfinch  (1471)  refers 
to  the  same  as  "  Trilleon  my  Harpe."  What 
is  the  meaning  ?  Was  it  a  light  maintained 
by  the  minstrels  or  local  musicians'? 

ARTHUR  HUSSEY. 

Tankerton-on-Sea,  Kent. 

*  LEGEND  OF  THE  PURPLE  VETCH.' — I  shall 
feel  much  obliged  if  you  can  inform  me  where 
I  can  find  the  *  Legend  of  the  Purple  Vetch/ 

W.  MOORE. 

SHROPSHIRE  AND  MONTGOMERYSHIRE 
MANORS. — Can  any  of  your  Welsh  readers 
kindly  assist  me  in  identifying  the  manors 
of  "  Nethergorther,  Sandford,  Osleston,  and 
Wolston,  in  the  counties  of  Salop  and  Mont- 
gomery," as  recited  in  a  grant  of  them  by 
James  I.  in  1614  to  Sir  Richard  Hussey  and . 
Edward  Jones,  Esq.  1  In  what  parishes  are 
they  situated  ?  Any  genealogical  information 
respecting  the  grantees  and  their  families 
would  also  be  welcome.  F.  N. 

LONGFELLOW.— I  shall  be  glad  to  be  told,  if 
possible,  what  is  the  exact  significance  of  the 
words  "  until  near  the  end "  in  a  passage 
occurring  in  Thomas  Davidson's  account  of 
Longfellow  in  the  ninth  edition  of  the  '  Ency- 
clopaedia Britannica.'  It  is  said  of  the  poet : — 

"  Though  very  far  from  being  hampered  by  any 
dogmatic  philosophical  or  religious  system  of  the 
past,  his  mind,  until  near  the  end,  found  sufficient 
satisfaction  in  the  Christian  view  of  life  to  make  it 
indifferent  to  the  restless,  inquiring  spirit  of  the- 
present,  and  disinclined  to  play  with  any  more 
recent  solution  of  life's  problems." 

Did  he  towards  "  the  end  "  either  become 
hampered  by  some  "  system  of  the  past,"  or 
cease  to  find  "satisfaction  in  the  Christian 
view  of  life "  1  In  Robertson's'  life  of  the 
poet  ("  Great  Writers  "  series)  it  is  said  that 


io*s.  ii.  A™.  20,  ION.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


149 


"Longfellow  to  the  end  had  held  to  the 
Unitarian  faith  in  which  he  had  been  bred." 
If  my  question  can  be  answered,  we  may 
perhaps  learn  how  the  two  statements  are  to 
be  reconciled.  F.  JARRATT. 

*  LIBER  LANDAVENSIS.' —  This  twelfth-cen- 
tury MS.  was  in  1890  in  the  possession  of 
Mr.  Davies-Cooke.  If  I  mistake  not  he  is 
dead.  Where  is  the  MS.  now? 

T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 

Lancaster. 

DUCHESS  SARAH. — Can  any  of  your  readers 
give  me  the  names  of  the  brothers  and  sisters 
of  Sarah,  first  Duchess  of  Marlborough  ;  and 
also  say  to  whom  each  was  married  1 

WALTER  J.  KAYE,  M.  A. 

Pembroke  College,  Harrogate. 

[Mrs.  Arthur  Colville's  'Duchess Sarah, 'reviewed 
10th  S.  i.  258,  says  that  she  was  the  youngest  of 
seven  children,  but  gives  no  names.] 

AXSTEDE  WARE.— In  an  inventory  of  1413 
(Esch.  Inq.,  file  659)  appears  the  item  "  decem 
paria  de  cutellor'  de  Axstede  ware."  An 
Inq.  p.m.  of  54  Hen.  III.  (No.  22)  mentions 
Axstede  manor  in  Kent.  Any  particulars 
concerning  the  early  manufacture  of  cutlery 
at  Axstede  would  be  welcome. 

ETHEL  LEGA-WEEKES. 

MADAME  MONDANITE.— I  find  the  following 
on  p.  130  of  '  Le  Lys  Rouge,'  by  Anatole 
France :  "  Elle  fait  ce  que  fait  Madame 
Mondanite  sur  le  portail  de  la  cathedrale  de 
Bale."  To  what  does  this  refer  ? 

W.  L.  POOLE. 

Montevideo. 

[The  reference  seems  to  be  to  a  figure  in  the 
famous  Danse  Macabre,  the  ddbri*  of  which  are 
preserved  in  the  Cathedral  or  Miinster  of  Bale.] 

EEL  FOLK- LORE.— 

The  morn  when  first  it  thunders  in  March 

The  eel  in  the  pond  gives  a  leap,  they  say. 
Browning,  'Old  Pictures  in  Florence,'  stanza  1. 
I  warrant  you,  mistress,   thunder  shall   not  so 
awake  the  beds  of  eels,  as,  &c. 

Shakespeare,  '  Pericles,'  IV.  ii.,  near  the  end. 

What  is  the  allusion  ?  Is  it  a  well-known 
piece  of  folk-lore  ?  Why  does  Browning  add 
specifically  "in  March"? 

H.  K.  ST.  J.  S. 

HOLME  PIERREPONT  PARISH  LIBRARY.— I 
have  heard  it  stated  that  Henry  Pierrepont, 
first  Marquis  of  Dorchester  (for  whom  see 
the  'D.N.B.'),  founded  a  parish  library,  which 
is  still  in  existence,  in  his  native  village  of 
Holme  Pierrepont,  about  four  miles  north  of 
Newark -upon -Trent,  Nottinghamshire.  I 
should  be  glad  of  confirmation  of  this  fact 
from  any  of  your  readers  residing  in  the 


district,  together  with  such  particulars  as 
may  be  obtainable.  I  should  also  be  obliged 
for  a  copy  of  the  inscription  on  his  monu- 
ment in  the  parish  church. 

W.  R.  B.  PRIDEAUX. 

QUOTATION  :  AUTHOR  AND  CORRECT  TEXT 
WANTED.— Can  any  of  your  readers  kindly 
give  me  the  correct  rendering  and  name  of 
author  of  the  following  couplet1?  It  is  some- 
thing as  follows:  — 

Nor  billows  roll  nor  wild  winds  blow 
Where  rest  not  England's  dead. 
The  first  three  words  are  wrong,  I  think. 

R.  N.  LYNE. 

COWPER.— Which  is  the  best  life  of  William 
Cowper,  and  which  the  best  edition  of  his 
works?  G.  KRUEGER. 

Berlin. 

[We  have  ourselves  been  contented  with  the 
edition,  in  fifteen  volumes,  with  life,  by  Southey, 
1833-7,  reprinted  in  eight  volumes  in  *'  Bohn » 
Standard  Library."  Leslie  Stephen  calls  it  "  nearly- 
exhaustive."  Lives  by  Hayley,  Cowper  himself, 
and  many  others  are  in  existence.  See  list  of 
authorities  at  the  end  of  life  in  *  D.N.B.  J 

PITT  CLUB.— Medals  belonging  to  members 
of  a  club  formed  upon  the  death  of  William 
Pitt  are  still  to  be  met  with  in  collections  of 
curios.  Is  anything  known  about  this  insti- 
tution, which  appears  to  have  been  quite 
distinct  from  any  at  present  bearing  the 
same  name  ?  PITTITE. 

"FIRST  KITTOO."  — I  quote  this  phrase 
exactly  as  I  heard  it  pronounced  by  one 
Lancashire  workman  to  another  in  the  sen- 
tence, "We'll  do  that  first  kittoo"  (with  the 
stress  on  the  second  syllable).  By  ''first 
kittoo"  he  meant,  of  course,  "first  of  all, 
"before  anything  else,"  intensively.  Am  I 
right  in  supposing  "kittoo"  to  be  a  survival 
and  a  corruption  of  the  old  English  interjec- 
tional  phrase  "  Go  to  "  1 

CHARLES  SWYNNERTON. 

GRAHAM.— 19  August,  1848,  there  died  "afc 
the  residence  of  his  sisters,  Belgrave  House, 
Turnham  Green,  John  William  Graham,  Esq., 
late  of  the  Hon.  East  India  Company's  ser- 
vice." Information  is  desired  concerning 
,his  famUy.  WALTER  M.  GRAHAM  EASTON. 

"  CUTTWOORKES."— The  Stationers'  Regis- 
ters for  1598  record  a  work  bearing  the  title, 
'The  True  Perfection  of  Cuttwoorkes.'  Can 
any  reader  direct  me  to  a  copy  of  the  book 
or  explain  to  me  the  meaning  of  the  last 
word  ?  Possibly  it  relates  to  the  Dutch  system 
of  canal  drainage,  whence  the  provincial 
term  "  cut "  for  canal.  WM.  JAGGARD. 


150 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  11.  AUG.  20,  wo*. 


Story.' 


DOG-NAMES. 
(10th  S.  ii.  101.) 

THE  following  dog-names  do  not  appear  in 
the  last  list  nor  in  those  at  7th  S.  vi.  144  :  — 

Armelin,  or  "the  Milk-White  Armeline." 
Will.  Drummond. 

Atossa.  —  '  Poor  Matthias.'  Matthew 
Arnold. 

Bounce.  —  Pope's  dog  and  Lord  Colling- 
wood's  dog. 

Bumble.—  Dog  of  Charles  Dickens,  at  whose 
death  he  was  given  to  Sir  Charles  Russell 
and  died  at  Swallowfield. 

Brush.—  Miss  Mitford's  spaniel. 

Beau.—  The  dog  of  Miss  Gunning.  'The 
Dog  and  the  Water  Lily.'  Cowper. 

Bawtie,  Bagsche.  —  '  Bagsche's  Complaint.' 
Lyndsay. 

Ball.—'  The  Dancing  Dog.'    Dray  ton. 

Bobby.—  Greyfriars  Bobby.  Prof.  Blackie's 
*  Epitaph  on  Bobby.' 

Cut-tail.  —  Common  name  formerly  for  a 
dog.  See  Drayton. 

Chloe.—  '  On  Trust.'    Drayton. 

Dart.-4  A  Dog's  Tragedy.'    Wordsworth. 

Doussiekie  or  Doussie.  —  Geddes. 

Donald.  —    'The    Schoolmaster's 
Buchanan. 

Fang.—'  The  Miser's  only  Friend.'   Crabbe. 

Fop.—  Cowper. 

Heck.—  'The  Bonny  Heck/  William 
Hamilton. 

Herod.—  Barry  Cornwall's  bloodhound. 

Hodain.  —  'Sir  Tristrem.'  Thomas  the 
Rhymer. 

Harlequin.—  A  little  spotted  dog,  said  to 
have  been  the  strongest  link  in  the  chain  of 
evidence  against  Dr.  Francis  Atterbury, 
Bishop  of  Rochester,  when,  in  1823,  he  was 
deprived  of  his  office. 

Islet.  —  'Islet  the  Dachs.'  George  Mere- 
dith. 

Kaiser.—'  Kaiser  Dead.'    Matthew  Arnold. 

Lanceman.—  'Bagsche's  Complaint.'  Lynd- 
say. 

Mayflower.—  Miss  Mitford's  white  grey- 
hound. 

Marietta—  Miss  Mitford's  blue  greyhound. 
Max.—4  Poor  Matthias/    Matthew  Arnold. 
Manx.—  Miss  Mitford's  dog. 
Nina.-'  A  Talk  of  the  Reign  of  Terror.' 
Catherine  Bowles  Sou  they. 
Nick.-'  Exemplary  Nick.'    Sydney  Smith. 
Pompey.-"  As    mastiff   dogs    in    modern 
hrase  are  called  Pompey,  Scipio,  and  Caesar." 

~~'Sir  Tristrem''     Th°rnas   the 


Phillis.  — '  Canine  Immortality.'  Robert 
Southey. 

Prince. — '  A  Dog's  Tragedy.'    Wordsworth. 

Roa.— *  Old  Roa.'    Tennyson. 

Rocket.  —  'Old  Rocket.'  H.  Knight 
Horsfield. 

Snowball. — Celebrated  greyhound,  belonged 
to  Major  Topham,  was  in  his  prime  in  1799, 
ancestor  of  many  famous  dogs. 

Saladin. — A  yellow  greyhound  who  accom- 
panied Miss  Mitford  in  her  walks. 

Scipio. — See  above.    Swift. 

Swallow. — 'A  Dog's  Tragedy.'  Wordsworth. 

Scudlar. — 'Bagsche's  Complaint.'   Lyndsay. 

Tiger. — Mrs.  Dingley's  favourite  lap-dog. 
Swift. 

Whitefoot.  —  'Farewell  to  Whitefoot.' 
Drayton. 

Tippoo.  —  'Shipwrecked  Tippoo.'  Lord 
Grenville.  CONSTANCE  RUSSELL. 

Here  and  there  in  medieval  songs  and 
texts  in  prose  the  names  of  dogs  occur,  but 
the  rarest  of  all  records  of  this  nature  are 
those  which  appear  on  monuments.  Of  these, 
though  nothing  is  more  common  than  the 
portrait  of  a  dog  at  the  feet  of  a  knight  or  a 
lady,  only  three  examples  of  this  kind  are 
known  to  me.  1.  Where  at  the  feet  of  the 
brass  of  Sir  Bryan  Stapleton,  ob.  1438,  as 
represented  by  a  rubbing  now  in  the  British 
Museum,  a  little  dog  appears  together  with  a 
lion.  A  label  gives  the  name  of  the  former 
as  "Jackke."  This  brass  is  given  in  an 
etching  by  Cotman,  plate  xxii.  of  the 
'  Sepulchral  Brasses  of  Norfolk,'  1838,  facing 
p.  19  of  the  text.  Since  Cotman's  time 
the  memorial  itself  has  disappeared — been 
"  abstracted  "  as  the  indignant  Boutell  gave 
it.  2.  At  Deerhurst,  in  Gloucestershire,  the 
name  "Terri"  is  attached  to  the  engraving 
of  a  dog  on  the  tomb  of  Sir  John  Cassy, 
Chief  Baron,  and  his  wife,  1400.  3.  At 
Clifton  Reynes,  Buckinghamshire,  is  the 
finely  sculptured  tomb  of  Sir  John  Reynes, 
as  it  is  supposed,  who  died  in  1428,  and  his 
wife.  At  the  feet  of  the  knight  is  "  a  well- 
sculptured  dog  with  a  collar  bearing  the 
name  'Bo'  [Beau],  in  letters  sculptured  in 
high  relief,"  vide  Mr.  W.  Hastings  Kelke's 
contributions  to  Archaeological  Journal^ 
vol.  xi.  p.  154,  1854. 

Apart  from  these  more  ancient  designations, 
and  besides  "Raynali"  (Reynold),  whose  death 
Prince  Rupert  lamented,  vide  p.  103  ante,  that 
worthy  had  had,  in  his  fighting  days,  another 
dog,  whose  name,  "  Boy,"  has  come  down  to 
us  in  various  tracts  of  the  "Parliamentary 
persuasion,"  which  denounce  the  dog  and 
his  master  in  very  unparliamentary  terms. 
H.R.H.  had,  it  appears,  likewise  another  pet 


io*s.ii.Aca.2o,i9040       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


151 


"  An    exact    description 
;    The    monkey,  a  great 


as    described    in 
of    Prince    Rupert 

delinquent ;  Having  approved  "  herself 
better  servant  than  his  white  Dog  called 
Boy."  (Brit.  Mus.  Library,  E.  90,  25.)  The 
dog  is  very  vigorously  abused  in  similar 
texts,  all  belonging  to  the  so  -  called 
"  Thomason  Tracts,"  e.g.,  '  The  Bloody  Prince,' 
•Ruperts  Sumpter,'  'A  Dogs  Elegy,'  'The 
'Parliaments  Vnspotted  Bitch,'  &c.  Some  of 
these  tracts  comprise  portraits  of  "  Boy  "  of 
the  most  unflattering  description,  and  'A 
Dogs  Elegy '  delineates  that  animal's  death 
by  means  of  a  Commonwealth  soldier  with 
his  gun  in  a  rest  at  Marston  Moor,  "  where 
his  beloved  Dog,  named  Boy  was  killed  by  a 
Valiant  Souldier,  who  had  skill  in  Necro- 
mancy." A  sort  of  biography  of  "  Boy " 
enriches  this  tract  with  his  master's  alleged 
lamentations  anent  his  favourite's  decease, 
and  tells  us — 

•How  sad  that  Son  of  Blood  did  look  to  hear 
One  tell  the  death  of  this  shagg'd  Cavalier, 
Hee  raved,  he  tore  his  Perriwigg,  and  Swore, 
Against  the  Round-heads  that  hee'd  ne're  fight  more, 
Close  couch'd  as  in  a  field  of  JBeanes  he  lay, 
Cursing  and  banning  all  that  live-long  day  ; 
Thousands  of  Devills  ramme  me  into  Hell,  &c. 

o. 

If  not  appearing  in  the  previous  lists,  there 
may  be  added  the  name  of  Madame  de 
Sevigne's  "doggess,"  Marphise  ('  Lettres,' 
24  Mars,  1671),  evidently  reminiscent  of  the 
Marphisa  of  *  Orlando  Furioso.'  Should  not 
Theron  be  the  name  of  Roderick's  dog,  Orelio 
being  that  of  his  horse  ?  J.  DORMER. 

Allow  me  to  refer  your  correspondents 
interested  in  this  subject  to  an  interesting 
article  entitled,  'The  Dogs  of  Folk  -  Lore, 
History,  and  Romance,'  in  '  Sketches  and 
Studies,'  by  my  late  friend  R.  J.  King,  B.A., 
of  Exeter  College,  Oxford  ;  London,  John 
Murray,  Albemarle  Street,  1874.  This  was 
reprinted  from  the  Quarterly  Revieiv,Ja,nu&ry, 
1861,  and  is  spread  over  fifty -one  pages. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Tonton  was  the  name  of  Madame  du 
Deffand's  dog.  So  says  Sainte  Beuve  in  the 
'Causeries  du  Lundi.'  E.  YARDLEY. 


SWAN  NAMES  (10th  S.  ii.  128).— The  male  is 
the  cob  swan;  the  female  the  pen  swan. 
The  male  has  a  larger  lump  between  the 
eyes  than  has  the  female,  and  this  lump  is 
called  the  cob.  D. 

E.  W.'s  question  is  compactly  answered  by 
the  Rev.  Charles  Swainson  at  p.  151  of 
*  Provincial  Names  of  British  Birds' (E.D.S., 

1885)  :— 


"  Various  names  are  given  to  the  male  and  femal 
of  the  domesticated  swan.  Yarrell  says  that  th 
former  is  called  Cob,  the  latter  Pen.  On  th 
Thames  the  cock  birds  are  called  Tom,  or  Cock 
the  hens,  Jenny,  or  Hen.  In  the  ArcJxeolomt 
(xvi.  16)  it  is  stated  that  the  9ld  Liucolnshir 
names  were  Sire  and  Dam,  respectively." 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

JOSEPHUS  STRUTHIUS  (10th  S.  ii.  108).—^ 
short  account  of  this  eminent  Polisl 
physician  is  given  in  Freher's  'Theatrum 
(1688),  p.  1261.  According  to  his  biographei 
he  was  equally  skilful  in  theory  ana  ii 
practice,  surpassed  by  none  of  his  con 
temporaries  and  equalled  by  few.  Hi; 
principal  work,  '  Sphygmicorum  Liber,'  wa; 
published  when  he  was  Professor  of  Medicine 
at  Pavia,  and  was  so  eagerly  sought  aftei 
that  800  copies  were  distributed  in  a  single 
day. 

The  Bodleian  (folio  catalogue,  1843)  has 
two  editions  : — 

Sphygmicse  artis  [seu  de  pulsuum  doctrina]  libr 
quinque,  Svo,  Basil,  1555. 

Ed.  auctior,  Svo,  Basil,  1602. 

Freher  ascribes  to  him  two  other  works 
'  De  Phlebotomia,'  and  '  De  Sale.' 

He  returned  to  Poland,  and  died  at  Posen 
aged  sixty-eight,  in  1568.  His  epitaph  it 
the  great  church  there  was  as  follows  : — 

"Josephus  Struthius  Posnau.  Philos.  et  Med 
Doctor,  Librorum  Graecorum  Latinus  Interpres 
Publicus  Olim  Stipendio  Senatus  Veneti  Artii 
Medicse  Patavii  Professor,  Artis  Sphygmicae  Pel 
Tot  Saecula  Abolitae  Novus  Restaurator,  Postet 
Sereniss.  Principis  Sigismundi  Augusti  Regis 
Polonue  Medicus.  Obiit,"  &c. 

CECIL  DEEDES. 

Chichester. 

Josephus  Struthius,  in  Polish  Strus  (i.e 
4<  ostrich,"  the  same  name  as  Germar 
Strauss),  was  a  Professor  of  Medicine  at 
Padua,  and  one  of  the  numerous  sixteenth 
century  translators  of  Galen  from  Greek 
into  Latin.  The  British  Museum  catalogues 
works  of  his  under  dates  1537,  1541,  1550 
1562.  I  have  not  seen  his  'Doctrine  oi 
Pulses,'  but  suspect  it  was  merely  a  versior 
of  Galen's  '  De  Pulsibus,'  probably  with  a 
commentary.  JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

OLD  BIBLE  (10th  S.  ii.  108).— I  have  a  Bible 
similar  to  that  described  by  ST.  SWITHIN 
printed  by  the  Deputies  of  Christophei 
Barker,  the  Old  Testament  (commonly  callec 
the  "Breeches"  Bible)  in  1589,  the  Xev< 
Testament  in  1592  —  which  contains  th( 
passage  as  quoted,  Acts  xxi.  15  (see  als< 
v.  35,  a  variant  from  the  A.V.) ;  but  thu 
derivation  and  meaning  of  all  three  word? 
are  well  known.  My  volume  contains,  beside.' 


152 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  11.  AUG.  20, 190*. 


all  ST.  SWTTHIN  mentions,  the  Prayer  Book, 
the  versified  Psalms  with  music,  '*  Forme  of 
Praier  for  Godly  houses,"  and  other  prayers, 
<fcc.  '  CAROLINE  STEGGALL. 

My  "  Breeches  "  Bible,  although  dated  1607, 
seems  to  correspond  in  almost  every  respect 
with  that  mentioned  by  ST.  SWITHIN.  It  is 
in  black  letter,  with  Eoman  marginal  notes, 
and  has  "wee  trussed  up  our  fardels"  in 
Acts  xxi.  15.  The  Concordance  is  by  R.  F.  H. 
ST.  SWITHIN'S  Old  Bible  must  be  a  "  Breeches." 
The  date  is  evidently  a  printer's  error.  It 
would  probably  be  the  original  edition. 

J.  FOSTER  PALMER. 
8,  Royal  Avenue,  S.W. 

The  Bible  mentioned  by  St.  SWITHIN  is 
evidently  of  that  edition  which  is  thus  des- 
cribed by  Mr.  Dore  ('Old  Bibles,'  p.  234):— 

"A  quarto  Genevan  Bible  was  issued  in  1594,  on 
the  New  Testament  title-page  of  which  two  figures 
in  the  date  were  transposed.  Frequently  the  first 
title  with  the  true  date  is  lost,  and  the  book  is 
exhibited  as  an  English  black  -  letter  Bible  of  the 
fifteenth  century." 

In  fact  1495  stands  for  1594. 

S.  G.  HAMILTON. 

I  once  possessed  a  "  Breeches  "  Bible  with 
exactly  the  same  misprint  in  the  date  on  the 
title-page  to  the  New  Testament  as  that 
mentioned  by  St.  SWITHIN.  It  contained  a 
number  of  interesting  scribblings  on  margins 
and  fly-leaves,  including  entries  of  the  family 
of  Fillingham,  of  Blyton,  in  the  eighteenth 
century.  JOHN  HOBSON  MATTHEWS. 

Monmouth. 

FlNGAL   AND    DlARMID    (10th    S.    ii.     87).— I 

think  G.  E.  MITTON  will  find  all  the  informa- 
tion required  in  the  'Beauties  of  Scotland,' 
1806,  where  at  vol.  v.  p.  262  it  is  said  that 
"  in  front  of  the  manse  or  clergyman's  house  of 
Kintail  (Ross-shire)  stands  Donan  Diarmed,  or 
Fort  of  Diarmed.  It  is  of  a  circular  form,  twenty 
feet  high,  and  of  the  same  breadth.  There  is  no 
other  spot  on  the  same  plain  which  commands  so 
great  a  prospect.  There  is  a  wall  on  the  outside, 
and  the  best  harbour  for  shipping  in  all  Loch  Duich. 
Diarmed's  tomb  is  on  the  North  East  of  the  fort. 
Ine  rough  stones  of  which  it  is  composed  are  regu- 
larly placed  by  the  hand  of  art,  and  measure  fifteen 
feet  by  three.  His  supposed  descendants,  the 
Campbells,  who  resort  to  the  place,  often  visit  and 
measure  the  tomb  of  the  Fingalian  hero." 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 
Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

EPITAPH  ON  ANN  DAVIES  (10th  S.  ii.  106).— 
Some  eight  or  nine  years  ago  I  copied  an 
epitaph  in  precisely  the  same  words  from  a 
tombstone  which  stood  against  the  flight  of 
steps  leading  to  the  main  entrance  to  the 
Church  of  St.  James,  Clerkenwell,  erected  to 


the  memory  of  Mrs.  Ann  Henwell,  who  died 
10  November,  1801,  aged  forty-seven  years. 
I  have  heard  of  its  occurrence  in  other  places 
also ;  so  it  seems  to  have  been  a  sort  of 
common  form.  ALAN  STEWART. 

7,  New  Square,  Lincoln's  Inn. 

TlDESWELL   AND   TlDESLOW  (9th   S.   xii.   341,. 

517  ;  10th  S.  i.  52,  91,  190,  228,  278,  292,  316r 
371,  471;  ii.  36,  77,  95.)— MR.  JERRAM  gives 
Carlisle  as  the  local,  Carlisle  as  the  general 
pronunciation .  My  experience  is  exactly  the 
contrary.  I  had  never  heard  Carlisle  until  I 
went  to  live  in  Cumberland,  and  then  the 
word  was  invariably  accented  on  the  second 
syllable.  Since  I  left  Cumberland  I  have 
always  heard  it  accented  on  the  first  syllable, 
except  in  the  case  of  decided  north-country- 
men. The  name  of  the  neighbouring  county, 
Westmoreland,  is  sometimes,  in  London,, 
accented  on  the  second  syllable.  Is  this  only 
a  peculiarity  of  the  cockney  dialect,  or  is  it- 
the  local  pronunciation  1  I  have  not  lived  in 
Westmoreland  ;  but,  as  far  as  I  remember,  in 
Cumberland  it  was  always  pronounced  West- 
moreland, and  not  Westmdreland. 

J.  FOSTER  PALMER. 

8,  Royal  Avenue,  S.W. 

As  a  Cumbrian,  now  fifty  years  of  age,  I  am? 
surprised  at  MR.  C.  S.  JERRAM'S  assertion 
that  "you  generally  hear  Carlisle,  except 
when  Southern  influence  has  been  at  work."' 
I  respectfully  maintain  that  educated  Nor- 
therners and  Southerners  alike  pronounce  the- 
name  Carlisle,  and  that  it  is  alone  the  Border- 
man,  indulging  in  his  Northern  dialect,  who 
pronounces  it  Carlisle. 

If,  as  appears,  MR.  JERRAM  further  suggests- 
that  to  lay  stress  on  the  first  syllable  of  place- 
names  is  a  peculiar  "  tendency  of  the  district,"" 
I  again  respectfully  demur,  and  submit  that 
the  accent  in  most  place-names  in  England 
is  on  the  first  syllable.  .  MISTLETOE. 

WILLIAM  HARTLEY  (10th  S.  i.  87,  157,  198,. 
253,  316).  —  I  have  just  come  across  the 
subjoined  paragraph  from  the  Gentleman's 
Magazine  for  1808,  p.  176,  which  shows 
conclusively  that  the  William  Hartley,  of 
Hartley,  Greens  &  Co.,  the  famous  Leeds- 
potters,  was  not  the  William  Hartley  who- 
was  High  Sheriff  of  York  in  1810. 

Obituary,  Feb.  1808.  —  "  In  his  57th  year,  at 
Hunslet,  co.  York,  William  Hartley,  Esq.,  upwards 
of  thirty  years  a  principal  acting  partner  in  the 
extensive  pottery  near  Leeds." 

A.  H.  ARKLE. 

ETON  LISTS  (10th  S.  ii.  107).  —  I  should 
recommend  MR.  AUSTEN  LEIGH  to  refer  to> 
«  N.  &  Q.,'  7th  S.  xi.  7,  where  he  will  obtain 


ii.  AU<;.  20, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


153 


the  name  and  address  of  the  owner  of  some 
of  these  MS.  lists.  Under  the  circumstances 
therein  related,  I  would  suggest  a  search  in 
the  library  of  Eton  College. 

EVERARD   HOME   COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

SCANDINAVIAN  BISHOPS  (10th  S.  ii.  67).— 1 
hope  the  enclosed  excerpts  from  Eubel's 
*  Hierarchia  Catholica  Medii  ^Evi/  pp.  289, 
383-4,  479,  will  be  of  use  to  FRANCESCA. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

[We  have  forwarded  the  three  lists  of  bishops 
kindly  sent  by  MR.  WAINEWRIGHT  in  response  to 
FRANCESCA'S  inquiries.] 

SAUCY  ENGLISH  POET  (10th  S.  ii.  109).— See 
5th  S.  viii.  199.  J.  T.  B. 

[It  is  from  Tickell's  'Imitation  of  the  Prophecy 
of  Nereus  '  of  Horace,  and  was  written  about  1716 
in  ridicule  of  the  Scottish  rising  in  the  previous 
year.  But  consult  reference.] 

"PEEK-BO"  (10th  S.  ii.  85).— In  'My  Sweet- 
heart,' an  American  musical  piece,  given  in 
London  some  twenty  years  since,  one  of  the 
hero's  most  popular  airs  was  that  in  which, 
playing  with  a  child  meanwhile,  he  sang  the 
refrain  : — 

Peek-a-boo !  Peek-a-boo ! 
I  see  you  hiding  there  ; 
Peek-a-boo !  Peek-a-boo ! 
Hiding  behind  the  chair. 

But  in  my  boyish  days  in  Cornwall  we  used 
to  play  at  what  we  called  "peep-bo." 

DUNHEVED. 

I  imagine  that  all  the  world  over,  wherever 
there  are  children,  this  simple  amusement  is 
practised.  Hereabouts  I  have  occasionally 
heard  the  expression  "peek-a-bo,"  but  it  is 
more  commonly  pronounced  "  peep-bo"  or 
"pee-bo."  Mothers  and  nurses  may  be  seen 
playing  "peep-bo"  with  their  little  ones 
every  day.  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

I  think  I  have  never  heard  "peek-bo,"  but 
always  "  peep-bo,"  which  is,  of  course,  a  mere 
variant.  ST.  S  WITHIN. 

"Peep-boh"  was  a  recognized  nursery 
game  with  us.  A  napkin  was  held  before  one's 
face,  and  an  incitement  created  by  crying 
"peep."  The  instant  that  attention  arose, 
the  napkin  was  withdrawn,  and  a  fierce  cry 
of  "Boh  ! "  brought  both  parties,  nurse  and 
baby,  face  to  face.  A.  HALL. 

"GET  A  WIGGLE  ON"  (10th  S.  ii.  28).— I  do 
not  for  a  moment  suppose  that  I  am  alone  in 
regarding  many  Americanisms  as  of  a  more 
ancient  origin  than  is  often  imputed  to  them, 
and  I  suspect  that  even  this  dreadful  phrase 


has  some  foundation  in  "American  as  she  was 
spoke"  when  the  language  was  fresh  from 
the  Mother  country.  However,  the  phrase 
appears  to  mean  "over- reach,"  which  is  cer- 
tainly often  a  meaning  understood  in  the 
verb  to  "hustle,"  and  I  thought  it  possible 
that  it  might  have  some  relation  to  a  certain 
word  of  sporting  use,  namely,  "wigging,"" 
which,  according  to  Barrere  and  Leland,  is 
the  act  of  posting  a  scout  on  the  route  of 
flight  in  a  pigeon  race  with  a  hen  pigeon  to- 
attract  the  opponent's  bird  and  retard  his 
progress.  Probably,  says  the  dictionary 
alluded  to,  a  form  of  "to  wool,"  "to  discom- 
fort":— 

"'If  I  wigs  I  loses,'  replied  Tinker,  evidently 
much  hurt  at  the  insinuation.  Instructed  by  Mr. 
Stickle,  I  learnt  what  wigging  was,  sfnd  no  longer 
marvelled  at  Mr.  Tinker's  indignation.  It  is  a 
fraudulent  and  lamentably  common  practice 
amongst  the  vulgar  '  fancy.'"— Greenwood,  *  Under- 
currents of  London  Life.' 

J.   HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

"COME,   LIVE  WITH    ME"   (10th  S.  ii.  89).— If 

any  faith  may  be  placed  in  what  is  called  a 
verbatim  et  literatim  reprint,  then  the  line 
in  question  ran  thus  in  the  version  of  the 
song  given  in  'England's  Helicon'  (1560) : — 

Fayre  lined  slippers  for  the  cold. 
This  reading  leaves  no  possibility  of  doubt 
regarding  the  poet's  meaning,  and  it  definitely 
excludes  "fur"  from  the  faintest  claims  to  a. 
position.  "Fayre"  was  a  favourite  Eliza- 
bethan term,  and  it  seems  absolutely  certain 
that  it  was  Marlowe's  choice  here.  It  is 
surely  a  perilous  form  of  logic  that  seeks  to- 
link  a  poet's  imagery  with  the  prosaic  details 
of  his  father's  business  or  trade.  It  is  quite 
possible  that  the  inspired  son  of  a  shoemaker 
would  be  entirely  at  a  loss  to  say  whether 
slippers  were  lined  with  fur  or  feathers. 

THOMAS  BAYNE. 

Sotheby's  catalogue  for  19  June,  1903,  con- 
tained particulars  of  an  Elizabethan  common- 
place book  (lot  525),  consisting  of  manuscript 
matter,  which,  it  was  stated,  included  a- 
totally  unknown  reading  of  this  song.  How- 
ever, the  line  in  question  ran  : — 

Faire  lined  slippers  for  the  coulde. 

STAPLETON  MARTIN. 
The  Firs,  Norton,  Worcester. 

"REVERSION"  OF  TREES  (10th  S.  ii.  88).— Is- 
it  not  somewhat  surprising  to  expect  a  neo- 
logism applicable  to  fruit  trees  whose  seeds 
seem  atavistic1?  Cultivators,  when  paying 
any  attention  to  the  pips  and  stones  of 
qranges  and  plums,  aim  at  aborting  such 
accessories,  as  merely  obnoxious  to  the 
frugivore.  Hence  the  joy  over  the  arrival 


154 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  AUG.  20, 


of  the  seedless  orange  and  the  regretted 
absence  of  the  emasculate  plum.  The 
general  tendency  of  cultivation  being,  there- 
fore, towards  preserving  the  wild  type  of 
seed,  atavism  has  but  scant  opportunity  of 
becoming  evident.  J.  DORMER. 

The  following  would,  I  think,  be  likely 
sources  of  information  :  '  The  Wanderings  of 
Plants  and  Animals  from  their  First  Home,' 
by  Victor  Hehn,  ed.  by  James  Steven  Stally- 
brass,  1888;  'The  Origin  of  Cultivated 
Plants,'  by  Alphonse  de  Candolle  ;  '  Familiar 
Trees,'  by  J.  S.  Boulger,  F.L.S.,  F.G.S. ;  and 
'The  Management  and  Culture  of  Fruit 
Trees,'  by  William  Forsyth. 

J.  HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

COUTANCES,  WINCHESTER,  AND  THE  CHANNEL 
ISLANDS  (10th  S.  ii.  68).— 

"The  bull  separating  the  Channel  Islands  from 
their  former  see  of  Coutances,  which  was  now  no 
longer  English  territory,  and  attaching  them  to  the 

see  of  Salisbury This  was  afterwards  altered  to 

Winchester,  says  Canon  Benham;  but  from  some 
cause,  which  does  not  appear,  the  transfer  was 
never  made  until  1568,"  &c.—' Winchester,'  Bell's 
"Cathedral  Series,"  p.  99. 

GEORGE  C.  PEACHEY. 

HONE:  A  PORTRAIT  (10th  S.  ii.  68).— The 
only  approach  to  a  catalogue  of  this  artist's 
work  between  the  years  1748  and  1775  arose 
through  a  quarrel  with  the  Eoyal  Academy, 
for  which  see  7th  S.  vi.  87,  256. 

EVERARD  HOME   COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

mf  CLOSETS  IN  EDINBURGH  BUILDINGS  (10th  S. 
ii.  89). — Among  books  which  describe  the 
construction  of  houses  in  Edinburgh  in  the 
sixteenth  and  seventeenth  centuries  may  be 
.mentioned  Dunlop's '  Book  of  Old  Edinburgh,' 
illustrated  by  Hole,  1886.  Its  description  of 
"Robert  Gourlay's  House,"  built  in  1569,  is 
too  long  for  exact  quotation  in  *  N.  &  Q.,' 
"but  the  following  extracts  may  be  of 
interest : — 

"  One  of  the  most  massive Flights  of  stairs  led 

from  the  same  point  to  different  parts  of  the  man- 
sion, and  it  was  easily  convertible  into  several 

distinct  residences On  its  demolition  a  secret 

chamber  was  discovered  between  the  ceiling  of  the 

first  story  and  the  floor  of  the  second Gourlay 

seems  to  have  put  his  house  at  the  service  of  the 

Government and  during  his  lifetime  it  had  the 

bad  pre-eminence  of  being  a  condemned  cell  for 

fetate    prisoners  of   gentle  blood.     The  turret 

contained  a  curious  spiral  stair,  which  led  to  the 

room  thus  used and  a  small  closet  adjoining  was 

the  sleeping-place  of  the  locbnan  in  attendance. 
Amongst  others,  Sir  William  Kirkcaldy,  of  Grange, 
his  brother  Sir  James,  and  the  Regent  Morton,  all 

passed  over  its  threshold  to  die Here  also  was 

lodged  Sir  William  Drury,  after  whom  Drury  Lane 
m  London  was  named,  the  commander  of  the 


English  auxiliaries  in  the  siege  of  Edinburgh  Castle 

in  1573 Tradition  names  the  apartment  in  the 

turret  stair  as  the  scene  of  *  The  Last  Sleep  of 
Argyll,'  son  of  the  Marquess  who  suffered  death 
under  Charles  II.,  and  himself  doomed  to  die  by 

James  VII Sixty  years  after,  in  1745,  Prince 

Charles  wrote  from  Perth :  '  There  is  one  man 
whom  I  could  wish  to  have  my  friend,  and  that  is 
the  Duke  of  Argyll,  who,  I  find,  is  in  great  credit 
on  account  of  his  great  abilities  and  quality  ;  but  I 
am  told  I  can  hardly  flatter  myself  with  the  hopes 
of  it.  The  hard  usuage  which  his  family  has  received 
from  ours  has  sunk  deep  into  his  mind.  What 
have  those  Princes  to  answer  for,  who,  by  their 
cruelties,  have  raised  enemies,  not  only  to  them- 
selves, but  to  their  innocent  children  ! ' " 

W.  S. 

The  following  extract  from  'Traditions  of 
Edinburgh,'  by  Robert  Chambers  (new 
edition,  1869),  will  prove  illustrative.  It 
may  be  added  that  no  better  authority  can 
be  cited  : — 

*'  Oratories,  This  house  [one  in  Chessel's  Court 
in  the  Canongate]  presents  a  feature  which  forms  a 
curious  memorial  of  the  manners  of  a  past  age.  In 
common  with  all  the  houses  built  from  about  1690  to 
1740— a  substantial  class,  still  abundant  in  the  High 
Street — there  is  at  the  end  of  each  row  of  windows 
corresponding  to  a  separate  mansion,  a  narrow  slit- 
like  window,  such  as  might  suffice  for  a  closet.  In 
reality  each  of  these  narrow  apertures  gives  light 
to  a  small  cell — much  too  small  to  require  such  a 
window — usually  entering  from  the  dining-room,  or 
some  other  principal  apartment.  The  use  of  these 
cells  was  to  serve  as  a  retreat  for  the  master  of  the 
house,  wherein  he  might  perform  his  devotions. 
The  father  of  a  family  was  in  those  days  a  sacred 
kind  of  person,  not  to  be  approached  by  wife  or 
children  too  familiarly,  and  expected  to  be  a  priest 
in  his  own  household.  Besides  his  family  devotions 
he  retired  to  a  closet  for  perhaps  an  hour  each  day 
to  utter  his  own  prayers,  and  so  regular  was  the 
custom  that  it  gave  rise,  as  we  see,  to  this  peculia- 
rity in  house-building."— P.  40. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

MR.  SYDNEY  PERKS  will  find  several  items 
bearing  on  his  query  in  vol.  i.  of  '  The 
Beauties  of  Scotland,'  and  'The  History  of 
Edinburgh,'  by  Alexander  Kincaid,  1775, 
works  which  I  have  repeatedly  perused  with 
intense  pleasure.  It  is  true  that  no  special 
mention  is  made  of  the  small  closets  ME. 
PERKS  alludes  to,  but  I  am  of  opinion  that  he 
is  correct  in  his  surmise — a  conclusion  I  have 
arrived  at  from  personal  observation. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

Very  likely  this  was  the  powder  closet, 
where  wigs  were  powdered. 

ANDREW  OLIVER. 

'Goo  SAVE  THE  KING'  PARODIED  (10th  S. 
ii.  88). — May  I  refer  your  correspondent 
K.  P.  D.  E.  to  a  note  of  mine  on  this  subject 


.  ii.  AUG.  20, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


155 


in  7th  S.  iv.  147,  arid  to  a  reply  of  HERMEN- 
TRUDE'S,  p.  255  of  the  same  volume  ?  I  am 
tinder  the  impression  that  there  was  some 
remark  on  it  in  an  earlier  series ;  but  I  am 
unable  just  now  to  put  my  finger  on  the  spot. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

SHELLEY  FAMILY  (10th  S.  xii.  426).— Mr. 
WAINEWRIGHT  may  be  glad  to  know  that  the 
Thomas  Shelley  whom  he  mentions  as  a  son 
of  Sir  William  Shelley  ('  D.N.B.,'  lii.  41 )  is  also 
mentioned  in  the  Shelley  pedigree  printed  in 
Dallaway  and  Cartwright's  'Sussex,'  II.  ii. 
77.  He  is  there  described  as  of  "Maple 
Durham,"  and  as  the  husband  of  "  Mary,  dau. 
of  Sir  R.  Copley,  of  Gatton."  See  also 
Berry's  'Sussex  Genealogies,'  63,  296.  No 
issue  is  assigned  to  him  by  Dallaway  and 
•Cartwright;  but  according  to  Lord  Burgh- 
ley's  notes  ('  St.  P.  Dom.  Eliz .,'  clxxxv.  46)  he 
was  father  of  Henry  Shelley,  who  died  in 
1585,  leaving  an  infant  son  Thomas,  and  he 
probably  had  other  issue,  for  Anthony 
fehelley  and  John  Shelley,  who  were  elected 
Winchester  scholars,  the  one  in  1563  and  the 
other  in  1566,  came,  according  to  the  college 
register,,  from  Mapledurham  in  the  diocese 
of  Winchester.  I  suppose  that  Maple- 
derham, which  lies  about  two  miles  south- 
west of  Petersfield,  Hants,  is  the  place 
referred  to.  This  place  was  "the  paternal 
seat  and  for  some  time  the  residence  of" 
Edward  Gibbon,  the  historian  (Mudie's 
4  Hampshire,'  ii.  77).  That  there  were 
Shelleys  living  there  in  Elizabethan  times 
is  proved  by  the  confession  of  Ed  ward  Jones, 
who,  with  his  master's  son  Chidiock  Tich- 
"borne  and  other  persons,  headed  by  Anthony 
Babington,  was  convicted  of  treason  in 
September,  1586  ('  Fourth  Rep.  of  Dep.  Keeper 
of  Public  Records,'  App.  ii.  276  ;  '  D.N.B.,'  ii. 
-308 ;  Ivi.  374).  It  appears  from  this  confes- 
sion ('  St.  P.  Dom.  Eliz.,'  cxc  50)  that  Jones 
-at  one  time  went  with  a  Mrs.  Shelley  "  unto 
lier  house  named  Maplederham  neare  unto 
Petersfield,"  where  mass  was  said  daily  by 
one  Wrenche  (who  died  circa  1584)  and  was 
Attended  by  various  priests  and  other  persons 
•named  in  the  confession.  It  also  appears 
that  Mrs.  Shelley's  husband  had  been  a 
prisoner  in  the  White  Lion  prison  in  South- 
•wark,  and  that  he  was  a  brother  of  John 
Shelley,  servant  to  Anthony  Browne,  first 
Viscount  Montague  ('  D.N.B.,'  vii.  40).  John 
Shelley  and  his  wife  used  to  attend  the  mass. 
The  prisoners  "pro  causis  ecclesiasticis "  at 
•the  White  Lion  in  March  and  April,  1584, 
included  a  Henry  Shelley  ('St.  P.  Dom. 
Eliz.,' clxix.  30  ;  clxx.  13).  He  was  probably 
the  Henry  Shelley  mentioned  in  Lord  Burgh- 
ley's  notes  (supra}  as  dying  in  1585,  and  the 


husband  of  the  Mrs.  Shelley  who  took  Jones 
with  her  to  Maplederham. 

One  sometimes  meets  with  references  to 
Shelleys  of  Maple  Durham,  Oxon.  For  in- 
stance, in  Berry's  '  Hants  Genealogies,'  p.  31, 
and  G.  E.  C.'s  '  Baronetage,'  i.  161,  Sir  Ben- 
jamin Tichborne,  the  first  baronet  (who  seems 
to  be  identical  with  Benjamin  Tichb9rne,  a 
Winchester  scholar  elected  in  1552),  is  said 
to  have  married,  as  his  first  wife,  a  daughter 
of  —  Shelley,  of  Maple  Durham,  Oxon. 
Were  there  really  Shelleys  there  as  well  as 
at  Maplederham,  Hants  ?  H.  C. 

INSCRIPTIONS  AT  OROTAVA,  TENERIFE  (10th 
S.  i.  361,  455).— The  undermentioned  inscrip- 
tion was  accidentally  omitted  from  my  list : — 

48a.  Col.  J.  H.  E.  Owen,  Royal  Marine 
Artillery,  ob.  suddenly  at  Tenerife,  30  Dec., 
1897,  a.  56.  G.  S.  PARRY,  Lieut.-Col. 

LAS  PALMAS  INSCRIPTIONS  (10th  S.  i.  483).— 
I  should  like  to  make  the  following  correc- 
tions in  my  list  of  inscriptions  in  the  English 
Cemetery  : — 

3.  Hos.  Turnbull  should  be  T.  Hos.  Turn- 
bull. 

13.  C.  Herringham  was  born  13  (not  12) 
Aug. 

18.  Arrowe  House,  with  the  e. 

40.  "  Nee"  appears  in  my  notes  as  a  Chris- 
tian name,  though  it  may  be  a  sculptor's 
error  for  nfa. 

66.  Madera  is  correct  without  the  i.  It  is 
Spanish,  not  Portuguese. 

88.  "  A.  20  "  should  be  inserted. 

G.  S.  PARRY,  Lieut.-Col. 

MR.  JANES  OF  ABERDEENSHIRE  (9th  S.  xi. 
148;  10th  S.  ii.  54).— The  appended  extract 
is  from  a  MS.  in  this  library,  'Collections 
regarding  Marischal  College,'  by  William 
Knight,  Professor  of  Natural  Philosophy, 
1823-44 :— 

"  In  a  letter  to  him  [William  Adam]  Blackwell 
mentions  sketches  of  alterations  drawn  by  '  a  young 
man  John  Jeans,  who  seems  to  have  no  ill  turn  for 
such  matters.'  Jeans,  according  to  this  letter,  was 
the  inventor  of  the  screw  stair.  He  afterwards 
built  the  beautiful  little  bridge  over  the  Denburn 
in  the  line  of  the  Windmillbrae.  But  there  was 
then  no  employment  for  such  a  person  as  he  in 
Aberdeen.  Being  of  an  ingenious  and  active  turn, 
he  became  an  enthusiast  for  mineralogy,  and 
travelled  over  the  greater  part  of  the  Mainland 
and  the  Highlands,  collecting  till  he  became 
eminent  as  a  dealer,  repairing  annually  to  London, 
and  being  the  first  finder  of  numerous  Scottish 
substances.  He  lived  to  old  age,  dying  about  1804, 
aged  about  eighty.  He  is  mentioned  by  Johnson 
('Tour  to  the  Hebrides'),  who  met  him  in  Skye. 
From  his  portrait  he  seems  to  have  been  a  spare 
man  of  genteel  and  keen  aspect.  A  son  succeeded 
him  in  the  business  of  collecting  and  polishing, 


156 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [10*  s.  n.  AUG.  20,  im. 


a  coarse    and  contemptible    character,    who    was 
drowned  on  a  dark  night  by  falling  into  the  basin 


near  the  New  Pier, 


after    having    been   in 


company  with  a  Jew  dealer  from  London,  with 
whom  he  had  some  mineral  transactions." 

P.  J.  ANDEESON. 
University  Library,  Aberdeen. 

LADY  ELIZABETH  GERMAIN  (10th  S.  ii.  88). — 
I  should  say  that  a  portrait  of  this  lady,  the 
Lady  Betty  Germain  of  Horace  Walpole, 
who  died  in  1770,  could  be  found  at  Drayton, 
near  Thrapston,  co.  Northants,  the  seat  of 
Mr.  Stopford-Sackville ;  and  supposing  an 
engraving  of  her  to  be  in  existence,  it  would 
most  likely  be  in  the  Hope  Collection  at 
Oxford.  She  was  the  daughter  of  Charles, 
Earl  Berkeley,  and  wife  of  Sir  John  Germain. 
There  is  a  small  brass  plate  to  her  memory 
in  Thrapston  Church. 

Pursuant  to  her  will,  Lord  George  Sack- 
ville  assumed  the  name  of  Germain,  and  was 
created  in  1782  Baron  Bolebroke  and  Viscount 
Sackville.  He  was  distinguished  as  a  soldier 
and  statesman,  and  was  supposed  by  some 
to  have  been  the  author  of  '  Junius.'  There 
is  a  portrait  of  him  by  Komney  at  Drayton. 
JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

A   portrait    of    "Lady  Betty   Germaine" 
hangs  in  the  University  Galleries,  Oxford. 

S.  B. 

NAMES  COMMON  TO  BOTH  SEXES  (10th  S.  ii. 
66).— In  the  extract  noted  by  MR.  DIXON,  the 
writer  is  in  error  in  supposing  that  the  name 
Evelyn  is  a  female  Christian  name,  or,  for 
the  matter  of  that,  a  masculine  Christian 
name  either.  It  is  an  instance  of  the  use 
of  a  surname  as  a  Christian  name,  and  until 
the  nineteenth  century  its  possession  almost 
invariably  indicated  descent  from  the  well- 
known  family  of  Evelyn,  to  which  John 
Evelyn,  the  diarist  and  author  of  *  Sylva, 
belonged. 

There  is  a  very  similar  name,  Eveline,  or 
in  its  earlier  form,  Aveline,  which  came  in 
with  the  Normans.  The  sister  of  Gunnar 
the  great-grandmother  of  William  the  Con 
queror,  bore  it.  The  wife  of  the  last  Ear 
of  Lancaster  was  Avelina,  and  was  mothe 
of  Avelina  or  Eveline,  the  wife  of  Prince 
Edmund  Plantagenet  (Crouchback).  It  wa 
never  in  very  frequent  use,  however,  unti 
Miss  Burney's  novel  'Evelina'  caused  it  t 
be  revived  as  an  ornamental  name,  as  Char 
lotte  Yonge  points  out  in  her  *  History  o 
Christian  Names.'  Then,  partly  by  uncon 
scious  confusion  of  the  two,  and  partly 
because  the  name  Evelyn  was  prettier  in 
form  and  in  aristocratic  use,  from  the  reason 


given  above,  the  older  form  began  to  give- 
place  to  the  surname  form.  Men  or  women 
of  Evelyn  descent  may  bear  that  form  appro- 
priately, but  the  one  and  only  Christian 
name,  the  old  feminine  name  of  song  and 
romance,  is  Eveline.  There  is  no  masculine- 
equivalent.  Eveleen  is  an  Irish  form  assimi- 
lated to  the  ancient  Celtic  Aevin  or  Evin. 

The  first  persons  to  bear  the  surname- 
Evelyn  as  a  Christian  name  were  Evelyn, 
Duke  of  Kingston,  who  died  in  1726,  and  an 
ancestor  of  my  own,  Sir  Evelyn  Alston^ 
Bart.,  of  Chelsea,  who  died  in  1750.  The 
mother  of  the  former  was  Elizabeth,  daughter 
and  coheir  of  Sir  John  Evelyn,  Kt.,  M.P.,  of 
West  Dean,  and  the  mother  of  the  latter  was 
Penelope,  daughter  and  coheir  of  Sir  Edward 
Evelyn,  Bart.,  of  Long  Ditton. 

LIONEL  CRESSWELL. 

THE  EVIL  EYE  (10th  S.  i.  508).— This  belief 
is  indeed  still  prevalent  in  many  counties, 
one  might  almost  say  in  all  the  counties,  of 
England,  and  bodes  well  to  become  extinct 
about  the  same  time  that  the  workman  shall 
elinquish  his  pagan  habit  of  spitting  on  his- 
uck  money,  or  of  pouring  a  modicum  of  his 
'avourite  beverage  on  the  floor  as  a  propitia- 
,ory  libation  to  secure  protection  from  the 
evil  eye  ;  when  the  waggoner  ceases  to  adorn 
the  breast  of  his  horse  with  a  dangling  row 
of  phalarce ;  and   when,  in  fact,  a  hundred 
and    one    such     remnants    of    a     primitive 
dualism  have  been  forgotten  by  a  populace  nob 
xx>  anxious  to  sacrifice  an  ingrained  credulity 
to  the  sentiment  expressed   by  Virgil  con- 
cerning the  happiness  of  him  who  can  trace- 
things  to  a  natural  cause,  and  can  trample 
his  fears  and  an  inexorable  fate  under  foot 
('Georgics,'ii.  420). 

Kemble,  in  his '  Saxons  in  England  '  (vol.  u 
p.  431),  refers  to  what  may  perhaps  be  con- 
sidered the  earliest  allusion  in  English  litera- 
ture to  the  evil  eye.  It  occurs  in  the  poem, 
of  'Beowulf  (1.  3520),  where  Hro<5gar,  warn- 
ing Beowulf  of  the  frail  tenure  of  human 


life,  adds  "eagena  bearhtm"  (the  glance  of 
the  eyes)  to  the  many  dangers  the  warrior 
has  to  fear.  A  deeply  rooted  belief  in  the 
power  of  the  witch,  and  consequently  also  of 
the  evil  eye,  still  lingers  in  the  remote 
districts  of  Cornwall  (see  Ilobt.  Hunt's 
'Romances  of  the  West  of  England,'  1881, 
p.  314  et  seq.).  Camillus,  in  his  speech  to- 
Doriclea  in  the  Lancashire  dialect  (Braith- 
waite's  'Two  Lancashire  Lovers/  1640,  p.  19), 
tells  her,  in  order  to  gain  her  affections, 
"  We  han  store  of  goodly  cattell ;  my  mother, 
though  shee  bee  a  vixon,  shee  will  blenke 
blithly  on  you  for  my  cause."  See  also 
4  Traditions  of  Lancashire,'  by  John  Roby,, 


io*s.n.Auo.2o,i9o*.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


157 


1892:  'The  Lancashire  Witches'  p.  280,  ike. 
A  farmer's  servant  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
•Sheffield,  upon  being  well  stared  at  by  his 
master,  who  kept  one  eye  shut,  fainted, 
When  he  came  to  his  senses,  he  was  asked 
why  he  had  fainted.  He  replied  that  his 
master  had  "got  the  evil  eye"  (S.  O.  Addy, 
4  Sheffield  Gloss.,'  p.  308). 

Numerous  instances  given  in  '  County  Folk- 
Lore,'  collected  in  Yorkshire  by  Mrs.  Gutch, 
show  that  it  is  still  very  prevalent  in  that 
county  (1901,  vol.  ii.  pp.  162-8).  The  Yorkshire 
dalesman  dreads  the  evil  eye.  In  one  case  the 
daughter  of  the  house  pined  away  to  a 
skeleton.  The  wise  woman  declared  that  she 
was  overlooked,  and  that  the  father  must 
take  his  loaded  gun  at  midnight  to  a  lonely 
spot,  and  shoot  that  which  would  appear, 
when  the  girl  would  recover.  He  went,  and 
to  his  horror  saw  plainly  the  apparition  of 
Jiis  own  mother,  who  was  sound  asleep  in 
ibed.  He  took  aim,  but  his  heart  failed  him. 
Within  the  week  his  child  died,  and  for  the 
•rest  of  his  life  the  father  believed  the  sacrifice 
of  his  mother  would  have  saved  her.  This 
story  was  narrated  in  1896.  Miss  Jackson,  in 
her  'Shropshire  Folk-Lore,'  1883,  says  that 
about  a  generation  ago  a  farmer  at  Childs 
Ercall,  in  North-East  Salop,  was  noted  for 
having  the  evil  eye.  He  could,  it  was  believed, 
make  people  who  displeased  him  go  in  a 
direction  exactly  contrary  to  that  they  them- 
selves wished  or  intended  (p.  154  ;  see  also 
p.  270).  The  folk-lore  collections  of  the  Lady 
Eveline  Gurdon  ('  County  Folk-Lore,'  1893, 
p.  202)  show  that  the  superstition  prevails  in 
•Suffolk ;  and  those  of  Mr.  C.  J.  Billson  for 
Leicester  and  Itutland,  1895,  and  of  Mr.  E. 
•Sidney  Hartland  for  Gloucestershire,  1895, 
p.  53,  testify  to  its  existence  in  those  counties 
also.  Accounts  of  Manx  folk-lore  teem  with 
instances.  (See  the  Antiquary,  Oct.  1895, 

E.  294-5.)  It  appears  in  Sunderland  ('  Folk- 
re  of  the  Northern  Counties,'  by  William 
Henderson,  1879,  pp.  188  and  194) ;  and 
jBrand,  in  his  *  Antiquities,'  narrates  how  he 
went  once  to  visit  the  remains  of  Brinkburne 
Abbey,  in  Northumberland,  and  found  a 
reputed  witch  in  a  lonely  cottage  by  the  side 
of  a  wood,  where  the  parish  had  placed  her 
to  save  expenses  and  keep  her  out  of  the  way. 
On  inquiry  it  was  found  that  everybody  was 
afraid  of  her  cat,  and  that  she  herself  was 
thought  to  have  an  evil  eye,  and  that  it  was 
accounted  dangerous  to  meet  her  on  a  tnorn- 
ing  "  black -fasting."  I  think  many  instances 
•(English)  will  be  found  also  in  Mr.  F.  T. 
El  worthy's  valuable  work  entitled  *  The 
Kvil  Eye,'  1895.  Two  years  before  this 
appeared  I  had  myself  prepared  a  paper  on 


the  same  subject,  which  was  advertised  to  be 
read  at  a  meeting  of  the  British  Archaeo- 
logical Association  ;  but  an  interesting  paper 
and  hot  subsequent  discussion  on  *  Stone- 
henge'  absorbed  the  time  that  might  other- 
wise have  been  given  to  it.  My  paper  did 
not,  however,  concern  the  English  phase  of 
the  popular  belief,  but  its  universality  in 
regard  to  the  solar  myth. 

The  neuric  influence  which  is  believed  by 
many  learned  authorities  to  emanate  from 
the  eyes  and  from  the  body  has,  of  course,  an 
important  bearing  upon  the  subject ;  but 
that  is  another  matter. 

J.   HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 
161,  Hamersniith  Road. 

FIRST  OCEAN  NEWSPAPER  (10th  S.  i.  404 ; 
ii.  96). — I  have  a  copy  of  the  Bull  Dozer, 
published  on  board  the  steamship  Bolivia  (of 
the  Anchor  line  between  Glasgow  and  New- 
York)  at  sea,  22  September,  1883.  It 
consists  of  four  pages  of  foolscap,  eight 
columns  MS.  K.  BARCLAY-ALLARDICE. 

Lostwithiel. 

"  WAS  YOU  ? "  AND  "  YOU  WAS  "  (10th  S.  i. 
509;  ii.  72).— The  following  extract  from  'A 
Short  Introduction  to  English  Grammar : 
with  Critical  Notes,'  published  anonymously 
in  1762,  but  composed,  as  we  learn  from  Dr. 
S.  Pegge's  *  Anonymiana,'  by  Dr.  Robert 
Lowth,  shows  how  this  locution  has  arisen 
and  how  indefensible  it  is.  The  judgment  is 
given  in  a  note  on  pp.  48-9,  and  runs  thus  : — 

"  Thou,  in  the  Polite,  and  even  in  the  Familiar 
Style,  is  disused,  and  the  Plural  you  is  employed 
instead  of  it :  we  say  you  hare,  not  thou  hast.  T  ho' 
in  this  case  we  apply  you  to  a  single  Person,  yet  the 
verb  too  must  agree  with  it  in  the  Plural  Number  : 
it  must  necessarily  be  you  have,  not  you  haxt.  You 
j/;as,  the  Second  Person  Plural  of  the  Pronoun 
placed  in  agreement  with  the  First  or  Third  Person 
Singular  of  the  Verb,  is  an  enormous  Solecism  :  and 
yet  Authors  of  the  first  rank  have  inadvertently 
fallen  into  it.  '  Knowing  that  you  ?'-a,s  my  old 
master's  good  friend.'  Addisqn,  Spect.,  No.  517, 
'  Would  to  God  yon  /m.s  within  her  reach.'  Lord 
Bolingbroke  to  Swift,  Letter  46,  '  If  you  was  here.' 
Ditto,  Letter  47.  'I  am  just  now  as  well,  as  when 
you  wan  here.'  Pope  to  Swift,  P.S.  to  Letter  56. 
On  the  contrary  the  Solemn  Style  admits  not  of  you 
for  a  Single  Person.  This  hath  led  Mr.  Pope  into  a 
great  impropriety  in  the  beginning  of  his  'Messiah': 

0  Thou  my  voice  inspire 
Who  louck'd  Isaiah's  hallow'd  lips  with  fire  ! 
The  Solemnity  of  the  Style  would  not  admit  of  You 
for  Thou  in  the  Pronoun  :  nor  the  measure  of  the 
verse  touchedst,  or  didtst  touch,  in  the  verb :  as  it 
indispensably  ought  to  be,  in  the  one,  or  the  other 
of  these  two  forms  :    You  who  touched  ;  or  Thou 
who  toucln'dxt,  or  <liil«t  t<mrh.    Again  :— 
Just  of  thy  word,  in  every  thought  sincere, 
Who  knew  no  wish  but  what  the  world  might  hear. 

Pope,  '  Epitaph.' 


158 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  11.  AUG.  20,  im. 


It  ought  to  be  your  in  the  first  line,  or  knewest  in 
the  second." 

A  Frenchman  would  be  amazed  at  our 
ignorance  if,  instead  of  writing  vous  e'tiez,  we 
wrote  vous  etais,  or,  worse  still,  vous  e'tait ; 
and  yet  that  is  the  prodigious  blunder,  the 
"enormous  solecism,"  contained  in  the  ex- 
pression "you  was,"  which  some  people  are 
trying  to  defend.  JOHN  T.  CURRY. 

"A  SHOULDER  OF  MUTTON    BROUGHT    HOME 

FROM  FRANCE"  (10th  S.  ii.  48).— I  think  this 
was  the  refrain  of  some  verses  which  used  to 
be  sung  round  ;  but  it  ran  thus  : — 

A  leg  of  mutton  came  over  from  France 
To  teach  the  English  how  to  dance. 

Lines,  I  remember,  were  something  like  this : 
I  killed  a  man  when  he  was  dead, 
And  as  he  fell  he  burst  his  head. 

A  leg,  &c. 

In  his  head  there  was  a  spring, 
In  which  a  thousand  fishes  swim. 

A  leg,  &c. 

By  the  spring  there  grew  a  tree, 
On  which  a  thousand  apples  be. 

A  leg,  &c. 

When  the  apples  began  to  fall 
They  killed  a  thousand  men  in  all. 

A  leg,  &c. 

And  so  on,  after  the  manner  of  capping 
verses,  each  adding  what  he  chose. 

THOS.  AWDRY. 

GIPSIES:  "CHIGUNNJI"  (10th  S.  ii.  105).— 
MR.  STRICKLAND  writes  of  chigunnji  (?)  that 
it  is  a  dialect  word,  "not  given  in  Russian 
dictionaries."  If  he  looks  under  chu-,  instead 
of  chi-,  he  will  find  it  in  all  the  dictionaries. 
Chugunni  is  the  ordinary  Kussian  adjective 
for  "  cast  iron,"  e.g.,  chugunnaya  pushka,  a 
cast-iron  cannon,  and  there  are  other  deriva- 
tives from  the  same  root,  such  as  chugunka, 
railway  ;  chugunnik,  boiler,  &c. 

JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED  (10th  S.  ii. 
49).— 1.  "Pitt  had  a  great  future  behind 
him."  If  MEDICULUS  has  seen  this  recently, 
I  am  inclined  to  think  it  is  an  adaptation  by 
a  later  writer  of  Heine's  remark  on  Alfred  de 
Musset,  "un  jeune  homme  d'un  bien  beau 
passe. "  I  regret  I  cannot  give  chapter  and 
verse  for  this,  but  it  is  quoted  by  Mr.  Swin- 
burne in  '  Miscellanies '  (Chatto  &  Windus, 
1886),  p.  223.  H.  K.  ST.  J.  S. 

3.  "  Instinct  is  untaught  ability  to  perform 
actions  of  all  kinds,"  occurs  in  Bain's  *  Senses 
and  Intellect,'  ed.  1855,  p.  256.  "Instinct  is 
inherited  experience,"  is  another  terse  defini- 
tion. G.  SYMES  SAUNDERS,  M.D. 

Eastbourne. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

Collotype  Facsimile  and  Type  Transcript  of  an 
Elizabethan  Manuscript  preserved  at  Alnmck 
Castle,  Northumberland,  <fcc.  Transcribed  and 
edited,  with  Notes  and  Introduction,  by  Frank 
J.  Burgoyne.  (Longmans  &  Co.) 
THE  famous  Bacon  MSS.,  concerning  -which  little  i» 
known  and  of  which  much  has  been  heard,  are  at 
length  within  reach  of  scholars,  having  been  tran- 
scribed and  edited  by  the  librarian  of  the  Lambeth 
Public  Libraries.  The  future  owners  of  the  newly 
published  treasure,  for  such  it  is,  can  be  but  few,, 
since  the  work  is  issued  in  a  costly  and  limited 
edition,  and  will  soon  become  all  but  as  inaccessible 
as  before.  In  our  great  public  libraries  it  will,  how- 
ever, be  open  to  the  student,  and  it  will  be  safe 
henceforward  from  those  risks  of  destruction  to> 
which  it  hvas  all  but  succumbed,  a  portion  of  the 
contents  haying  been  destroyed  by  fire,  and  another 
portion  having  become  almost  illegible.  In  saying 
this  we  are  understating  the  case.  A  portion  of  the 
MSS.— the  greater,  and  presumably  the  more  inter- 
esting—has been  entirely  lost.  Could  this  be  re- 
covered, and  should  it  come  up  to,  we  will  not 
say  reasonable  expectation,  but  to  sanguine  anti- 
cipation, it  might  prove  to  be  one  of  the  greatest 
literary  finds  of  modern  days.  Never,  however, 
was  there  a  time  in  which  there  was  more 
virtue  "in  an  'if'"  or  more  need  of  the  em- 
ployment of  the  "great  peacemaker."  While 
everything  about  the  new  volume,  including  joy  in 
its  possession,  tempts  so  much  to  expansiveness 
that  we  once  more  regret  the  narrowness  of  the 
limits  within  which  we  are  perforce  confined,  we 
doubt  whether  a  reticence  is  not  expedient  which 
is  adopted  by  the  editor,  who,  while  supplying  us 
with  the  document,  says  little  of  its  provenance 
and  nothing  of  its  significance.  What  survives  is, 
as  regards  essentials,  interesting  enough.  It  con- 
tains much  appertaining  to  Bacon  which  in  the 
same  form  is  not  elsewhere  to  be  found,  and  some- 
thing even  of  which  in  his  existing  works  no 
previous  use  has  been  made.  According  to  the 
MS.  index,  or  page  of  contents,  which  forms  the- 
outer  portion,  the  collection  of  MSS.  comprised' 
other  items,  among  which  were  Bacon's  '  Essaies ' ; 
'Asmund  and  Cornelia,'  a  work  supposed  to  be  a, 
play,  but  concerning  which  nothing  whatever  is 
known  ;  '  The  Isle  of  Dogs,'  an  unprinted  and  in- 
accessible comedy  of  Thomas  Nashe,  acted  in  1597  ^ 
and  Shakespeare's  *  Richard  II.'  and  *  Richard  III.' 
It  is  in  the  two  works  last  named  that  the  chief 
interest  centres.  Not  one  line  of  Shakespeare 
script  is  known,  and  no  trace  of  its  having  existed 
has  been  found.  We  dare  not  presume  that  these. 
MS.  plays  were  the  originals  or  were  in  the  poet's 
handwriting.  Evidence  points  the  other  way.  They 
were,  however,  according  to  the  assumption  of  the 
competent,  exactly  contemporary  with  the  perform- 
ance of  these  plays,  and  their  appearance,  if  they 
were  rediscovered,  could  not  but  settle  some  contro- 
verted points,  and  probably  give  birth  to  many  more.. 
What  in  the  portion  strll  existing  inspires  most 
interest  is  the  frequent  collocation  of  the  names 
of  Shakespeare  and  Bacon.  The  index  sheet  is 
scribbled  over  and  over  with  names,  mottoes,  and 
the  like,  written  both  sides  up,  and  in  a  fashion, 
that  cannot  be  conveyed1  to  the  reader  without 


ii.  AUG.  30.19M.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


159 


a  r 
near 


eproduction  of  the  MS.  page.  On  the  left  hand, 
near  the  top,  is  the  name  Nevill,  and  below  it  the 
canting  motto  of  the  family,  "  Ne  vile  velis,"  lead- 
ing to  the  supposition  that  the  documents  belonged 
to  Sir  Henry  Nevill,  Bacon's  nephew  and  junior  by 
three  years.  Then  there  is  "  Honorificabiletudine," 
which,  a  little  further  expanded,  attracts  attention 
in  *  Love's  Labour 's  Lost.'  A  rimed  Latin  quatrain, 
known  to  Anthony  Bacon,  in  leonine  verse,  is  in 
later  editions  of  'Les  Bigarrures'  of  Le  Seigneur 
des  Accords,  but  not  in  the  earlier  :— 

Multis  annis  iani  transactis, 

Nulla  tides  est  in  pactis, 

Mell  in  ore.    Verba  lactis, 

ffell  in  corde.    ffraus  in  factis. 

Bacon's  name,  spelt  ordinarily  Mr.  Frauncis  Bacon, 
occurs  often.  What  is  most  interesting  is  that  with 
the  mention  of  'Richard  II.'  and  'Richard  III.' 
are  coupled  the  words,  strangely  combined,  "By 
Mr  ffrauncis  William  Shakespeare."  Underneath 
comes  again  "see  your  William  Shakespeare. 
Shak  Sh  Sh  Shakesp,"  with  many  similar  contrac- 
tions. Now  on  this  we  pass  no  comment.  The 
MSS.  and  the  calligraphy  are  supposed,  for  re_asons 
we  need  not  advance,  to  belong  to  about  1597,  a 
date  the  significance  of  which  will  be  recognized  by 
those  who  study  the  book.  Meantime  the  history 
of  the  documents  is  satisfactory.  It  seems  as  though 
they  were  once  in  possession  of  John  Anstis  the 
elder,  1669-1744,  and  John  Anstis  the  younger, 
1708-54,  consecutive  or  joint  Garter  Kings  of  Anns, 
whence  they  passed  into  the  possession  of  the  Duke 
of  Northumberland.  Bishop  Percy,  the  famous 
editor  of  the  Percy  MS.,  during  his  stay  at  North- 
umberland House,  seems  to  have  placed  them  in 
the  box  in  which  they  reposed  presumably  after  the 
fire  at  the  ducal  mansion,  in  the  course  of  which 
they  seem  to  have  been  partially  consumed.  Mr. 
John  Bruce,  a  well-known  antiquary  and  editor  of 
State  Papers,  and  a  contributor  to  our  columns, 
examined  them  in  1869  at  the  desire  of  the  duke, 
and  left  a  description  of  them,  now  reprinted  in  the 
introduction.  In  1870  Mr.  Spedding,  the  biographer 
and  editor  of  Bacon,  printed  a  few  pages  under  the 
title  of '  A  Conference  of  Pleasure.'  This  is  all  that  we 
have  space  or  need  to  tell.  We  congratulate  Messrs. 
Longman  on  their  courage  in  printing  in  facsimile 
a  unique  treasure,  Mr.  Burgoyne  on  the  manner 
in  which  his  task  has  been  accomplished,  and  all 
concerned  in  the  production.  Most  of  all  do  we 
congratulate  scholarship  on  the  acquisition  of  a  book 
that  will  greatly  exercise  all  concerned  in  Shake- 
spearian pursuits.  Our  readers  will  need  no  com- 
ment from  us  to  turn  their  attention  to  a  work 
by  future  notes  on  which  our  columns  are  bound 
to  benefit. 

The  Jacobite,  Petrage,  Baronetage,  Knightage,  and 
Grant*  of  Honour.  Extracted,  by  permission, 
from  the  Stuart  Papers  now  in  possession  of  His 
Majesty  the  King  at  Windsor  Castle,  and  Supple- 
mented by  Biographical  and  Genealogical  Notes, 
by  the  Marquis  of  Ruvigny  and  Raineval.  (Edin- 
burgh, T.  C.  &  E.  C.  Jack.) 

TIIK  Marquis  of  Ruvigny  and  Raineval,  the  author 
of  'The  Blood  Royal  of  Britain,'  has  once  more 
added  greatly  to  our  knowledge  by  producing  a 
Jacobite  peerage  which,  like  its  predecessor,  is  up 
to  the  highest  standard  of  modern  research.  ^Ye 
welcome  it  quite  as  gladly  as  we  did  the  previous 
volume.  In  some  respects  it  is  even  more  valuable, 
for  any  special  line  of  facts  regarding  the  royal 


descent  of  any  one  of  the  families  which  possess 
this  distinction  might  have  been  worked  out  inde- 
pendently, though  at  a  great  expenditure  of  time 
and  money,  which  most  of  us  could  ill  afford  to 
devote  to  such  a  purpose  ;  but  no  one,  at  whatever 
cost,  would  have  been  able  to  produce  a  work  such 
as  this,  with  any  pretension  to  completeness  or 
accuracy,  who  had  not  had  the  fullest  freedom  of 
access  to  the  Stuart  Papers,  which  are  His  Majesty's 
personal  property  and  are  most  carefully  guarded. 

A  Royal  Commission  was  appointed  upwards  of 
seventy  years  ago  to  examine  and  report  upon  these 
documents,  and  among  other  things  it  recommended 
that  a  list  of  the  honours  conferred  by  the  exiled 
monarchs  should  be  published.  This  excellent 
piece  of  advice,  like  so  much  else  that  has  from 
time  to  time  been  suggested  by  bodies  of  a 
like  nature,  was  unheeded.  This  must  at  the 
time  have  been  felt  as  a  great  hardship  by- 
all  students  of  eighteenth-century  history,  but 
we  are  far  from  sure  that  all  was  not  for  the 
best.  Had  a  Jacobite  peerage  been  issued  in  those 
days,  even  by  royal  authority,  it  would  have 
caused  irritation  among  some  of  the  members  o£ 
the  old  Revolution  families  who  had  not  forgotten- 
the  scare  of  the  '45 :  and,  what  is  of  more  con- 
sequence, we  may  be  sure  it  \vould  have  been 
executed  in  a  very  imperfect  manner  when  con- 
trasted with  the  excellent  work  before  us.  Then> 
it  is  pretty  certain  that  only  the  titles,  names,  and 
residences  of  the  grantees  would  have  been  given, 
without  the  pedigrees  showing  who  would  be  the 
inheritors  at  the  present  day  had  a  Stuart  restora- 
tion been  not  a  mere  dream,  but,  as  their  votaries 
longed  for,  a  fact  of  history.  We  need  not  say  that 
most  of  them  are  now  extinct.  The  male  lines  have, 
failed  ;  but  there  are  a  few  persons  still  alive  who- 
are  heirs  to  the  succession  were  their  claims  valid- 
Some,  at  least,  of  the  recipients  of  what  have  been 
designated  "these  vain  honours"  must  have  fully- 
believed  in  their  legality.  John,  the  second  Earl 
of  Tenterden  (of  Jacobite  creation),  when  offered  a 
peerage  by  the  first  Hanoverian  English  king,  "  in- 
sisted on  his  right  to  the  titles  that  had  been  con- 
ferred upon  his  father  by  King  James  [3  May,  1692], 
with  precedence  according  to  that  creation.'" 

These  titles  are  almost  forgotten  now  except  by- 
historians  and  a  few  old  families  who  still  cherish 
the  memory  of  the  sufferings  of  their  ancestors  for 
the  lost  cause.  We  wonder  whether  any  of  the 
original  patents  exist  in  this  country.  If  there  are 
any  they  would  be  most  interesting  historical, 
records,  but  such  "treasonable"  documents  would 
have  been  dangerous  things  to  keep.  We  fear  air 
have  perished  along  with  the  Patent  Rolls  on 
which,  we  presume,  they  were  recorded. 

As  well  as  peers,  baronets,  and  knights  we  have 
also  a  list  of  those  persons  to  whom  Declarations  of 
Noblesse  were  given.  These  documents  require 
explanation,  as  we  have  had  nothing  analagous  in 
this  country.  They  were  frequently  required  when 
marriages  were  in  contemplation,  and  many  posts 
in  Italy  and  France,  though  open  to  the  followers 
of  the  exiled  family,  could  only  be  held  by  those 
proving  that  they  were  of  gentle  blood,  and  in  most 
cases  this  could  only  be  done  by  a  certificate  from 
the  exiled  king.  The  earliest  of  these  documents 
is  dated  15  October,  1602,  the  latest,  27  January, 
1760.  We  have  carefully  examined  this  long  list 
of  names.  We  need  not  say  that  many  of  them 
are  unknown  to  us,  but  of  those  we  are  able  to 
identify  we  believe  all  were  truly  of  gentle  blood. 


160 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io«>  s.  n.  AUG.  20, 1904. 


In  one  important  particular  these  papers  throw  a 
new  light  on  ecclesiastical  history.  The  exiled  Stuart 
monarchs  exercised  what  they  conceived  to  be  their 
Tight  to  nominate  to  Irish  Catholic  sees,  and  to  the 
parallel  office  of  Vicars  Apostolic  in  England  and 
Scotland.  This  continued  for  three-quarters  of  a 
century.  The  last  nomination  to  an  Irish  see  was 
in  1765.  There  is,  we  believe,  still  much  confusion 
.as  to  the  succession  of  the  Irish  Catholic  bishops. 
'The  author's  list,  he  tells  us,  contains  several 
mames  not  in  Gam's  '  Series  Episcoporuin  Ecclesiae 
Oitholicse.' 

There  is  one  curious  Anglican  appointment  well 
worth  notice.  Thomas  Brown,  B.D.,  Fellow  of 
St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  was  collated  to  the 
Archdeaconry  of  Norwich  on  28  March,  1694.  The 
vacancy  was  caused  by  the  death  of  the  late 
^archdeacon.  Le  Neve's  'Fasti'  informs  us  that 
this  ecclesiastic  was  John  Conant,  who  died 
12  March,  1694.  Thomas  Brown  is  not  mentioned 
by  him,  so  we  may  be  sure  that,  whatever  his  rights 
dejure  may  have  been  in  the  eyes  of  nou jurors,  the 
appointment  never  took  effect.  The  deprived 
bishop  to  whom  the  document  was  addressed  was 
William  Lloyd,  who  lived  until  1710.  Is  anything 
known  of  Thomas  Brown?  If  a  non  juror,  how 
•came  he  to  hold  a  St.  John's  fellowship  ? 

We  wish  the  Marquis  de  Ruvigny  had  added 
to  the  other  valuable  information  he  has  given  a 
list  of  those  who  suffered  death  for  the  Stuart 
•cause  from  the  time  of  the  "  abdication "  of 
James  II.  downwards.  A  complete  catalogue  of 
these  Jacobite  martyrs  has,  we  believe,  never  been 
•compiled. 

THE  Intermediaire  keeps  up  its  reputation  as  a 
treasury  of  general  knowledge,  yielding  information 
•on  subjects  so  diverse  as  fashion  in  baptismal  names, 
vitrified  forts,  incubators,  and  maladies  caused  by 
saints.  As  to  these  last,  a  correspondent  observes  : 
*'  In  Saintonge,  or  at  any  rate  in  certain  parts  of 
that  province,  belief  in  the  injuries  inflicted  by  the 
saints  on  sucking  children  is  still  deeply  rooted. 
Whenever  a  nursling  pines  away  and  'suffers,  it  is 
because  he  is  '  battu  des  saints.'  Near  Ppns  there 
is  an  old  woman who  has  the  speciality  of  de- 
feating the  malice  of  the  blessed."  The  writer  then 
describes  the  rite  used  to  discover  which  of  the 
saints  in  the  calendar  are  guilty,  but  adds  that  he 
'has  not  been  able  to  find  out  what  means  are 
•  employed  to  appease  the  anger  of  these  "persecu- 
teurs  nimbeV  One  wonders  why  missionaries  flock 
to  India  and  China  while  superstitions  connected 
with  cursing-wells,  cursing-saints,  and  their  like, 
'Still  hold  their  own  among  the  "  civilized  "  inhabi- 
tants of  western  Europe.  It  might  be  better  to 
complete  the  conversion  of  nominal  Christians  from 
the  heathendom  of  their  ancestors  before  under- 
taking to  deal  with  the  "puerile  credulities"  of 
the  East. 

'FROM  SPELL  TO  PRAYER,'  by  R.  R.  Marett,  is 
the  chief  paper  in  the  latest  number  of  Folk-lore, 
-and  it  is  followed  by  an  account  of  the  forms  of 
words  used  during  the  ceremonial  which  attends 
the  work  of  a  Toda  dairy.  After  this  article  comes 
Mr.  Clodd's  obituary  notice  of  Frederick  York 
Powell,  whose  death  inflicted  a  severe  loss  on  the 
Folk-lore  Society,  and  deprived  England  of  a  man 
inspired  with  that  far-reaching  sympathy  which 
refuses  to  be  bound  by  insularity  of  thought  cha- 
racteristic of  too  many  natives  of  the  British  Isles. 


"  In  the  thinning  ranks  of  the  friends  who  loved  him 
'this  side  idolatry,'  there  is  a  gap  that  can  never 
be  filled.  The  influence  which  stimulated  a  host  of 
pupils  to  the  pursuit  of  knowledge  and  of  lofty  ideals 
has  vanished." 

MR.  THOMAS  THORP,  of  Reading,  and  of  180, 
St.  Martin's  Lane,  has  issued  six  series  of  coloured 
postcards  presenting  views  of  Eton,  Westminster, 
Rugby,  Christ's  Hospital,  Winchester,  and  Charter- 
house Schools  as  they  appeared  in  1816.  The 
designs  are  taken  from  Ackermann's  '  Colleges  and 
Public  Schools,'  and  have,  accordingly,  much  artistic 
value  as  well  as  great  interest.  They  are  safe  to 
command  a  large  sale. 


THE  Clarendon  Press  promises,  under  the  general 
editorship  of  M.  Leon  Delbos,  M.A.,  a  modern 
French  series  of  annotated  texts  from  writers  such 
as  Balzac,  Tocqueville,  Taine,  Gautier,  £c.,  in- 
tended for  the  use  of  students. 

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the  English  Augustinian  Canonesses  of  St.  Monica's 
at  Lou  vain,  1548  to  1625,  edited  by  Dom  Adam 
Hamilton,  O.S.B.  To  this  important  convent,  which 
sheltered  many  English  refugees,  allusions  may  be 
found  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  (see  especially  3rd  S.  vii.  268). 
The  editor  has  added  largely  to  the  portrayal  of  the 
inner  life  of  Catholics,  and  the  book  has  some  tine 
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OUR  contributor  MR.  W.  E.  A.  AXON,  of  the 
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to 

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ii.  AUG.  20,  1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


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io»  s.  ii.  AUU.  27, 190*.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


161 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  AL'GUST  S7, 


CONTENTS. -No.  35. 

NOTES  :—"  Tote,"  161—  Cowper'i  Letters,  162  — Purcell's 
Music  tor  'The  Tempest,'  164— The  Thinking  Horse,  166— 
"Bearded  like  the  pard "—Whitsunday  in  the  ' Anglo- 
Saxon  Chronicle'— Goldsmith  and  a  Scottish  Paraphraser 
—Service  Tree,  166—"  Buzzing,"  167. 

QUERIES  :— Nicholas  Billingsley  —  "  Buttery  "  —  •  Goody 
Two  Shoes '—Portuguese  Pedigrees  — First-Floor  Refec- 
tories—Marylebone  Literary  and  Philosophical  Society— 
"Vine  "  Tavern,  Mile  Knd,  1»7— "  Work  like  a  Trojan  "— 
St.  George— Burgomaster  Six— Moral  Standards  of  Kurope 
— Finchale  Priory,  Durham— Ashburner  Family  of  Olney 
—Richard  Price,  M.P.— Falkner  Family— Mesmerism  in 
the  Dark  Ages,  168— Killed  by  a  Look— Baron  Ward— 
Manzoni's  '  Betrothed  '  —  Thackeray's  Pictures— London 
Cemeteries  in  1860  —  England's  Inhabitants  in  1697  — 
"Three  Guns,"  169. 

EEPLIBS  :  — Desecrated  Font*,  170  — Peak  and  Pike  — 
••  Talented,"  172— Bohemian  Villages— Lambeth— "Ponti- 
ficate"—Riding  the  Black  Ram  — Admiral  Sir  Samuel 
Greig,  173  —  Antiquary  v.  Antiquarian  —  Woffington  — 
Black  Dog  Alley,  Westminster,  174 -Tea  as  a  Meal— Fair 
Maid  of  Kent— Rev.  John  Williams— Storming  of  Fort 
Moro— Gray's  '  Blegy '  in  Latin,  175  — Thomas  Pigott  — 
Longest  Telegram — Obb  Wig,  176 — "  Our  Eleven  Days  " — 
Edmund  Halley,  Surgeon  R.N.— Philip  Baker,  177. 

HOTES  ON  BOOKS : -Spencer  and  Gillen's  'Northern 
Tribes  of  Central  Australia '—' Slingsby  and  Slingsby 
Castle  '— '  Great  Masters.' 

Obituaries  :— Col.  Hunter  Weston ;  Mr.  F.  A.  Inderwick. 

Booksellers'  Catalogues. 

Notices  to  Correspondent!. 


"TOTE." 

AT  p.  449  of  the  last  volume  MR.  HACKETT, 
of  Washington,  said :  "  The  word  '  tote,' 
meaning  '  carry,'  was  so  common  at  the  South 
that  it  is  said  that  a  boy  learning  to  add 
would  phrase  it  thus  :  '  Put  down  7  and  tote 
4.'"  At  p.  475  PROF.  SKEAT  remarked  that 
if  MR.  HACKETT  "will  be  so  good  as  to  wait 
till  the  last  part  of  the  *  English  Dialect  Dic- 
tionary '  comes  out,  he  will  then  be  able  to 
^ascertain  the  facts  as  to  the  distribution  of  " 
the  word  tote.  Meanwhile,  as  the  word  is 
.generally  regarded  as  of  American  origin, 
•as  its  American  history  is  little  known,  as 
misapprehension  exists  in  regard  to  it,  and 
as  a  possible  aid  to  Prof.  Wright,  may  I  be 
allowed  to  give  some  American  examples  ? 
It  is  not  certain  that  the  tote  in  MR. 
HACKETT'S  sentence  is  the  same  word  as  the 
tote  in  the  extracts  which  follow ;  at  all 
events,  the  two  words  are  differentiated  in 
the  '  Century  Dictionary,'  and  we  must  wait 
for  the  completion  of  the  *  E.D.D.'  before  this 
point  can  be  settled  : — 

"A  complaint  against  Major  Robert  Beverly, 
that  when  this  country  [Virginia]  had  (according 
to  order)  raised  CO  men  to  be  an  out-guard  for  the 
•Governor:  who  not  finding  the  Governor  nor  their 
appointed  Commander  they  were  by  Beverly  com- 


manded to  goe  to  work,  fall  trees  and  niawl  and 
toat  railes." — 1677,  in  Virginia  Ma(ja~ine  (1894),  ii. 
168. 

"On  Monday  Evening  the  Baronet  [Sir  F.Ber- 
nard, Governor  of  Massachusetts]  sneaked  down  to 
Castle- William  [in  Boston  harbour],  where  he  lay 
that  Night.  The  next  Morning  he  was  toated  on 
board  the  Rippon,  in  a  Canoe,  or  Tom-Cod  Catcher, 
or  some  other  small  Boat."— 1769,  7  August,  Boston 
Gazette,  p.  3/2. 

"  The  fourth  class  of  improprieties  consist  of  local 
phrases  or  term*.  By  these  1  mean  such  vulgarisms 
as  prevail  in  one  part  of  a  country  and  not  iii 

another 7.   Tot  is  used  for  carry,  in  some  of  the 

southern  states."— 1781,  J.  Witherspoon,  'Works' 
(1802),  iv.  469,  470. 

'* '  1  look  after  the  cows,  dig  in  the  garden,  beat 
out  the  flax,  curry-comb  the  riding  nag,  cart  all  the 
wood,  tote  the  wheat  to  the  mill,  and  bring  all  the 
logs  to  the  school-house.'"— 1803,  J.  Davis, ' Travels,' 
p.  389.  The  author,  who  is  repeating  the  words  of 
a  negro,  adds  in  a  note  :  "  Tote  is  the  American  for 
to  carry." 

"  Tote,  r.t.,  to  carry,  convey,  remove  [Virg.  &c.]." 
—1806,  N.  Webster,  'Compendious  Dictionary,' 
p.  313. 

"  Tote  is  marked  by  Mr.  Webster  *  Virg/  But 
we  believe  it  a  native  vulgarism  of  Massachusetts." 
—1809,  Monthly  Anthology,  vii.  264. 

"  We  know  not  the  origin  of  the  word  [holt],  any 
more  than  of  another  fashionable  Virginian  term, 
'  toting,'  which  is  used  instead  of  carrying.  When 
a  member  wishes  to  '  bolt,'  he  '  totes''  himself  out 
of  the  house  before  the  ayes  and  noes  are  called." — 
1814,  April  13,  New  York  Herald,  p.  3/4. 

Away  she  sail'd  so  gay  and  trim, 

Down  to  the  Gallipagos, 
And  toted  all  the  terrapins. 

And  nabb'd  the  slipp'ry  whalers. 
1812-15,  in  J.  Frost, '  Book  of  the  Navy '  (1842),  p.  309. 

"  Tote.— I  believe  this  word  is  peculiar  to  the 
states  where  slavery  prevails,  and  it  is  probably 
an  African  word." — 1816,  N.  Webster,  'Letter  to 
J.  Pickering '(1817),  p.  25. 

"In  my  last,  if  I  remember  right,  I  toted  you  (as 
they  say  in  Virginia)  up  to  Richmond,  by  what  may 
be  called  a  circumbendibus."— 1817,  J.  K.  Paulding, 
'  Letters  from  the  South,'  i.  59. 

"  Tote,  a  slave  word,  is  much  used ;  implying 
both  sustentation  and  locomotion,  as  a  slave  a  log,  or 
a  nurse  a  baby."— 1824,  H.  C.  Knight,  '  Letters  from 
South  and  West,'  p.  82. 

"  Here  [Richmond,  Va.]  too  you  have  the  '  paw 
and  maw '(pa  and  ma)  and  'tote,'  with  a  long 
train  of  their  kind."— 1826,  Mrs.  Anne  Royall, 
'Sketches,' p.  121. 

"I  present  the  following  beautiful  specimen, 
rn-lxttim,  as  it  flowed  from  the  lips  of  an  Ohio 
boatman  :— 

And  it's  oh  !  she  was  so  neat  a  maid, 

That  her  stockings  and  her  shoes 
She  toted  in  her  lily  white  hands, 

For  to  keep  them  from  the  dews." 
1828,  J.  Hall,  '  Letters  from  the  West,'  p.  91. 

"'Help  yourself,  stranger,'  added  the  landlord, 
'  while  I  tote  your  plunder  into  the  other  room.'  "— 
1835.  C.  F.  Hoffman,  '  Winter  in  the  West,'  ii.  147. 

"  Tom  was  liberal,  and  supplied  us  with  more 
than  we  wanted,  and  '  toted,'  by  the  assistance  of 
Sambo,  his  share  [of  honey  1  to  his  own  home." — 
1854,  T.  B.  Thorp,  'Hive  ot  "the  Bee-Hunter,"' 
p,  52. 


162 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  AUG.  27,  im. 


"Our   narrator    goes    on    to    state  that    Caesar 

*  toted'   the    fellow  into  the   Wakarusa  camp."— 
1856,  G.  D.  Brewerton,  '  War  in  Kansas,'  p.  63. 

"  We  had  taken  the  wrong  road,  and  the  Indian 

had  lost  us The  Indian  was  greatly  surprised 

that  we  should  have  taken  what  he  called  a  '  tow ' 
(i  e  tote  or  toting  or  supply)  road,  instead  of  a 
carry  path."— 1857,  H.D.  Thoreau,  'Maine  Woods  ' 
(1894),  pp.  296-7. 

"  Will  the  Atlantic  Club  have  Dom  Pedro  as  its 
guest?  It  has  occurred  to  me  that  he  would  like  it 
better  than  being  toted  about,  looking  at  Boston 
public  buildings."— 1876,  J.  G.  Whittier,  in  '  Life 
and  Letters '  (1894),  ii.  621. 

"'Tote'  has  long  been  regarded  as  a  word  of 
African  origin,  contined  to  certain  regions  where 
negroes  abound.  A  few  years  ago  Mr,  C.  A. 
Stephens,  in  a  story,  mentioned  an  'old  tote  road' 
in  Maine.  I  wrote  to  inquire,  and  he  told  me 
that  certain  old  portage  roads,  now  abandoned, 

bore  that  name 'Tote'  appears  to  have  been  a 

well-understood  English  word  in  the  seventeenth 
century.  It  meant  then,  as  now,  to  bear. 
Burlesque  writers  who  represent  a  negro  as 

*  toting  a  horse  to  water '  betray  their  ignorance. 
In  Virginia  English,  the  negro  '  carries '  the  horse 
to  water  by  making  the  horse  'tote 'him." — 1894, 
E.  Eggleston,  in  Century  Magazine,  xlviii.  874. 

"  *  I  'd  make  it  worth  your  while  to  bring  it  to  us 
down  here,'  said  Cecil.  '  Humph  ! '  returned  the 
maker  of  beverages.  '  I  don't  go  totin'  coffee  all 
round  the  country.'"  - 1900,  D.  D.  Wells,  'His 
Lordship's  Leopard,'  p.  120. 

In  the  New  York  Nation  of  15  February, 
1894,  Mr.  P.  A.  Bruce  cited  the  1677  passage, 
and  remarked  that  the  smallness  of  the 'negro 
population  at  that  time  "  would  render  im- 
probable the  supposition  which  has  some- 
times been  advanced  that  the  word  had  its 
origin  with  the  negro  race  in  this  country " 
(p.  121).  In  the  same  paper  Mr.  W.  G. 
Brown  asserted  that  the  word  was  "used  in 
Middle  England,  Southern  Yorkshire,  and 
Lincolnshire,  in  exactly  the  same  way  that  it 
is  used  in  Eastern  Virginia";  but  neither 
Mr.  Brown  nor  Dr.  Eggleston  gave  proof  of 
this  assertion.  The  above  extracts  show  that 
the  word,  though  generally  regarded  as  a 
Southernism,  is  by  no  means  confined  to  the 
South,  and  that  it  was  known  in  New  Eng- 
land as  early  as  1769.  In  January,  1900,  I 
received  from  a  Boston  firm  an  advertisement 
of  "The  Watson  Tote  Bag,"  which  was  de- 
clared to  be  the  u  best  thing  for  hunting, 
tramping  and  fishing  trips,  for  carrying  coat, 
camera,  blankets,  lunch,  &c.,"  and  was  de- 
scribed as  "  made  of  stout  canvass  with  draw 
rope  mouth,  or  entrance  to  bag,  and  with 
flap  to  protect  contents  from  rain,  and  is  to 
be  carried  on  back  same  as  knapsack." 

ALBERT  MATTHEWS. 

Boston,  U.S. 


LETTERS  OF  WILLIAM  COWPER. 

(See  ante,  pp.  1,  42,  82, 122.) 
Pp.  62-63  :— 

Letter  14. 

11  *     01-y(01ney),July9,  1768. 

It*  is  well  for  us,  that  having  a  gracious- 
Master,  Who  has  no  need  of  our  services,  He  does- 
not  dismiss  us  for  insufficiency.!  Though  our  very 
best  performances  fall  so  far  short  of  what  He  is- 
entitled  to,  yet  He  accepts  them,  and  does  not 
rebuke  us,  even  for  the  worst.  The  little  sometimes 
we  are  enabled  to  render  to  Him,  we  first  receive 
from  Himself.  The  desire  and  the  power  are  de- 
rived from  Him  ;  yet  He  continues  us  in  His  family; 
treats  us  as  His  children  rather  than  as  servants; 
satisfies  us  with  the  fulness  of  His  house,  and  clothes 
us  with  His  own  raiment,  the  righteousness  of 
Jesus.  Blessed  and  happy  are  they,  that  belong  to 
this  family ;  they  shall  never  hear,  even  of  their 
wilful  faults,  except  in  a  way  of  fatherly  chastise- 
ment ;  and  in  His  own  time  their  Master  and  Lord 
will  make  them  heirs  with  His  own  most  beloved- 
Son,  of  an  inheritance  incorruptible  and  undefiled 
and  that  fadeth  not  away. 

Yours,  my  dear  Aunt,  etc.  etc. 

On  pp.  63-67  follow  first  Mrs.  Cowper's- 
note  printed  below  the  text,  then  passages 
from  letters,  apparently  Cowper's,  and  lastly 
a  paragraph  from  Martin  Madan. 

Pp.  63-64 :— 

comes  to  town,  I  find,  the  19th  instant.     Oh  !' 

that  she  might  return  to  domestick  happiness  !  that 
is  the  wish  of  weak  nature  for  a  beloved  child,  but 
I  check  myself,  when  I  reflect  the  love  of  God  far 
exceeds  even  ours  for  ourselves,  much  more  to  one- 
another,  and  that  love  is  guided  by  wisdom  which 
cannot  err,  and  indubitably  knows  what  is  best 
for  us. 

Every  blessing  attend  you,  blessings  on  the  right 
and  on  the  left  hand,  from  the  Ever  Blest,  be  your 
happy  portion  in  time  and  in  eternity.  Amen,' 
amen. 

Pp.  64-65  :-{ 

We  know  that  our  gracious  Lord  can  sanctify  the 
most  unpromising  dispensations,  to  those  that  love 
and  trust  in  Him :  and  will  guide  His  own  people 
with  equal  safety  through  the  thorns  and  briars  of 
this  world,  as  He  has  done  through  the  (flattering) 
"roses  that  once  strewed  our  paths."  Perhaps  the  ' 
danger  is  greatest  where  we  are  lulled  into  a  pleasing 
state,  and  insensible  of  any.  All  that  weans  us 
from  the  world,  and  our  strong  attachments  to 
creature  comforts,  if  it  brings  us  nearer  to  our  God 
(assume  whatever  shape  it  may)  is  a  blessing,  with- 
out which  perhaps  our  hearts  might  have  remained 
entangled  in  these  pleasing  snares  for  ever. 


*  Mrs.  Cowper's  note  :  "The  former  part  of  this 
letter  was  concerning  a  servant  whom  he  had  dis- 
missed for  undertaking  a  place  she  was  in  every 
respect  unfit  for." 

f  To  this  passage  seems  to  refer  Mrs.  Cowper's 
note  on  p.  63 :  "  How  beautifully  does  W.  C.  dress 
even  sentiments  relating  to  this  world  !  how  new 
his  expressions  !  how  naturally  does  every  subject 
lead  him  to  speak  of  the  more  important  ones,  that 
tend  to  light  and  immortality  !  " 

J  In  the  margin,  a  few  lines  down:  "Aug.  18th."' 


io-s.ii.Auo.27.i9M.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


163 


Let  these  reflexions  cheer  and  comfort  us  in  the 
midst  of  the  most  trying  scenes  of  this  changeable 
life  :  There  is  but  one  unchangeable  good  !  Possest 
of  that,  we  may  look  down  on  the  perishing  joys, 
we  once  thought  of  importance  to  our  happiness. 
Yet  alas  !  whilst  I  am  advising  others,  1  want 
teaching  myself !  Oh  !  may  God  vouchsafe  to  be 
our  Instructor,  and  by  whatever  means  He  knows 
most  conducive  to  that  happy  end,  lead  us  effectually 

to  Himself,  through  time  and  eternity  !    As  to 

oh  !  may  God  look  upon  her,  and  enable  her  to  look 
up  to  Him  !  All  worldly  joys  are  imbittered  in  such 
a  situation  as  hers.  Oh  !  that  she  may  seek  for, 
and  find,  the  Lord  of  life  and  comfort !  who  can 
alone  say  to  the  troubled  heart,  as  He  did  once  to 
the  great  deep,  "  Peace,  be  still !"  I  hope  all  will 
lead  to  this  most  desirable  end,  and  then,  as  St. 
Paul*  says  :  "  These  light  afflictions,  which  are  but 
for  a  moment,  will  work  for  her  a  far  more  exceed- 
ing and  eternal  weight  of  glory."  JTis  a  comfort  to 
think  we  are  in  His  hands,  who  can  turn  and 
change  all  hearts  as  it  pleases  Him,  or,  as  it  is 
better  expressed,  "as  itseemeth  beat  to  His  heavenly 
wisdom,  not  left  to  the  wild  effects  of  blind  chance 
(as  some  are  willing  to  suppose),  nor  to  the  conduct 
of  that  corrupted  nature,  we  brought  with  us  into 
the  world  ;  this  is  a  comfort  indeed. 

D— 's  swift  progress  to  great  riches,  is  amazing  ! 
How  many  do  we  see.  even  of  promising  parts  and 
abilities,  that  are  yet  "all  their  life-time  (as  Shake- 
spearef  says)  "bound  to  shallows  and  to  wretched- 
ness." Well,  the  all-wise  Disposer  of  all  things 
knows  what  is  best  for  all  !  "The  Judge  of  the 
whole  earth  must  do  right."t  O  may  we  ever 
submit  every  thought  of  our  hearts,§  and  every 
action  of  our  lives  to  His  guidance,  who  is  not  only 
wise  and  good,  but  is  wisdom  and  goodness  in  the 
abstract :  when  we  turn  our  thoughts  to  this,  how 
mean  must  all  the  boasted  merit  of  the  creature 
appear ! 

I  cannot  know  too  much,  nor  suffer  too  much,  for 
those  I  love,  and  these  trying  scenes  have  all  their 
use,  to  wean  from  a  world  not  designed  to  make  us 
happy  !  and  I  think  we  ought,  instead  of  praying 
to  God  to  remove  our  afflictions,!)  rather  beseech 
Him  to  sanctify  them  to  our  souls.  I  imagine  why 
"  faith  is  sometimes  not  strongest,  when  human 
probabilities  are  weakest."T  It  is  to  shew  us  how 
apt  we  are  to  lean  on  them  for  support  and  comfort. 
O  may  God  give  us  that  victorious  faith,  that  shall 
enable  us  to  look  above  all  to  its  blessed  object ! 
and  then  human  probabilities  will  never  have 
power  to  flatter  us  with  hope,  or  sink  us  with 
despair.  We  may,  and  must  consider  them,  in 
their  proper  place,  but  with  no  degree  of  depend- 
ency on  them. 

Though  plunged  in  ills,  and  exercised  with  care, 

Yet  never  let  the  faithful  soul  despair. 

God  can  assuage  or  cure  the  deepest  grief, 

Or  by  unseen  expedients,  bring  relief. 
( )]iinion  of  M[artin]  M[adan]. 

"The  works  of  Richard  Baxter  are  worth  read- 
ing ;  he  was  a  very  great,  learned  and  pious  man  ; 
but  the  best  of  men  are  but  men,  and  therefore 

*  2  Cor.  iv.  17. 

f  'Julius  Cfesar,'  IV.  iii.  218-2 1. 
I  Gen.  xviii.  '_>."». 

§  Marginal  note:  "July  19,  17<is." 
||  Corrected  from  "affections." 
"    Mrs.  Cowper's  note:    "Oh,  why  is  not  faith 
strongest,  when  human  probabilities  are  weakest !" 


their  works  to  be  read,  with  all  that  sort  of  caution, 
which  should  lead  us  ever  to  square  all  we  h'nd  in 
them,  with  the  infallible  rule  of  God's  word." 

Pp.  67-70  :— 

Letter  13  [should  be  15]. 

No  date  but  wrote  tome  in  Decr  1768. 

Printed  in  Wright,  i.  107-9,  out  of  its  order. 
P.  107, 1.  2  from  foot,  "  left,"  MS.  "  left  you  "  - 
p.  108,  1.  6,  "be  interested,"  MS.  ''interest 
myself";  1.  8,  "a  world  I  know,"  MS  "a 
world  which  I  know";  1.  14,  "  our  inquiries," 
MS.  our  misguided  inquiries "  ;  1.  4  from 
foot,  "and  attend,"  MS.  "and  to  attend  "• 
1.  2  from  foot,  "unsinful,"  MS.  "universal"- 
p.  109,  1.  5,  "but  is,"  MS.  "  makes  me"  ;  1  lo' 
"to  bless,"  MS.  "and  bless."  On  the  post- 
script, "N.B.  I  am  not  married,"  Mrs.Cowper 
notes,  "  It  was  reported  he  was." 

Pp.  70-72, 10  Jan.,  1769,  "a  letter  from ." 

The  tone  of  the  letter  resembles  many  of 
Cowper's.  "  Self-lamentation  "  is  the  burden 
throughout.  But  as  "  my  dearest  sister  "  is 
addressed,  p.  71  med.,  and  Mrs.  Co wper  would- 
have  had  no  motive  in  suppressing  the  name 
if  it  had  been  her  cousin's,  and  the  letter  is 
not  numbered  like  the  rest,  it  must  nob  be 
included  here.  I  see  that  the  letter,  like 
that  on  pp.  75-76,  is  included  in  inverted 
commas,  and  has  a  little  o  in  the  margin 
These  we  learn  from  the  fly-leaf  4C  are  taken 
from  the  letters  of  another  dear  and  valuable 
friend,"*not  Mrs.  Cowper's  mother.  On  the 
fly-leaf  of  vol.  iv.  the  secret  is  revealed  ;  the 
writer  is  Mrs.  Maitland.  Begins :  "  The 
sweet  reverie,  you  send  me,  is  one  often  in 
my  wishes."  Ends:  "as  Pope  says,  'What 
dust  we  dote  on,  when  'tis  man  we  love ! ' 
It  has  ever  proved  a  most  quieting  thought 
to  me  that  'the  creatures  are  just  what  it 
pleaseth  the  wisdom  of  God  to  make  them, 
to  us.' "  A  few  lines  from  the  end  is  the 
marginal  date,  "  Jan.  9,  1769." 

Pp.  73-75  :— 

Letter  15  [should  be  16]. 
Dated  O-y  (Olney),  Dec'  24, 1768. 

MY  DEAR  AUNT,— My  cousin  Maria  tells  me,  you 
long  to  hear  from  me,  and  I  assure  you,  I  have  for 
a  long  time  desired  to  write  to  you.  My  barrenness 
in  spiritual  things,  has  been  the  cause  of  my  silence 
When  I  can  declare,  what  God  hath  done  for  mv 
soul,  with  some  sense  of  His  goodness,  then  writing 
is  a  pleasant  employment;  but  to  mention  the 
blessed  name  of  my  Lord  and  Master  with  dryness 
and  hardness  of  heart,  is  painful  and  irksome  to  me 
He  knows,  however,  that  I  desire  nothing  so  m  uch 
as  to  glorify  Him,  and  that  my  chief  burden*  is  that 

.1*  'Olney  Hymns,'  No.  18,  "Hark,  my  soul !  it  is 
the  Lord, "  verse  6  :— 

Lord  !  it  is  my  chief  complaint, 
That  my  love  is  weak  and  faint, 
Yet  I  love  Thee  and  adore,— 
Oh  !  for  grace  to  love  Thee  more  ! 


164 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      iw  s.  n.  AUG.  27,  im. 


I  cannot  speak  more  to  his  praise.     In  the  worst 
times  blessed  be  His  Name  !    I  can  bear  testimony 
to  His  faithfulness  and  truth  ;  He  has  never  left  me 
since  He  first  found*  me,  no,  not  for  a  moment.    I 
know  that  the  everlasting  arm  is  underneath  me, 
and  the  Eternal  God  my  Refuge.    0  blessed  state  of 
a  believing  soul !   who  trusteth  in  the  Lord,  and 
whose  hope  the  Lord  is.    The  Almighty  hath  graven 
him   upon  the   palms  of  His  hands,  and    all    his 
interests  and  concerns  are  continually  before  Him. 
What  a  blessed  peace  belongs  to  this  sweet  persua- 
sion !  a  persuasion  not  founded   in  fancy,   as  the 
world  profanely  dreams,  but  built  upon  the  sure 
promise    of   an    unchanging    God.      Did    not    the 
remainder  of  sin  and  unbelief,  deprive  us  of  much  of 
•our  enjoyments,  what  a  delightful  portion  should  we 
possess  even  here  below  !    How  much  of  heaven  does 
a  believing  view  of  Jesus,  as  our  all-sufficient  good, 
bring  down  into  the  soul !  we  seem  to  breathe  the 
pure  air  of  that  better   country,   where   all    the 
inhabitants  are  holy,  and  more  than  seem  to  converse 
with  God,  for  our  fellowship  is  with  the  Father, 
and  with  His  Son  Jesus  Christ.    Truly  the  Lord  is 
gracious  ;  blessed  are  all  they  that  wait  for  Him  ! 
to  as  many  as  receive  Him,  gives  He  power  to 
'become  the  sons  of  God.  May  we  always  be  enabled 
to  receive  Him  with  our  whole  heart !    May  we 
charge  our  souls  continually  to  lift  up  their  ever- 
lasting gates,  and  admit  this  King  of  Glory,  the 
•Christ  of  God,  in  all  the  fulness  of  His  free  salva- 
tion :  so  shall  we  be  the  children  of  the  Most  High. 
He  that  is  in  us,  will  prove  Himself  greater  than 
lie  that  is  in  the  world,  by  giving  more  than  victory 
over  all  our  enemies.    The  warfare    seems  often 
•difficult  to  us  because  we  are  weak,  and  the  Lord 
keeps  us  sensible  of  our  weakness,  for  wise  and 
.gracious  ends ;    but  how  easy  it  is  in  His  hand, 
Who  hath  on  His  vesture  and  on  His  thigh*  a  name 
written,  King  of  kings  and  Lord  of  lords  !  before 
Whom  the  powers  of  darkness  are  as  nothing  and 
'less  than  nothing,  and  the  legions  of  hell,  with  all 
their  devices  and  subtleties,  are  as  naked  in   His 
sight.     Then  let  us  not  fear  because  of  them,  but 
be  very  courageous,  for  the  Lord  God  is  with  us ; 
He  it  is  that  fights  for  us :  who  can  be  against  us  ? 
Yours,  my  dear  Aunt,  in  the  best  bonds, 
etc.  etc. 

Pp.  75-76,  by  the  same  author  as  pp.  70-72. 
Dated  12  March.  Begins  :— 

May  God  be  for  ever  praised  for  the  mercies  as 
on  this  day  vouchsafed  us  all  in  the  event  you 
mention. 

Further  on : — 

What  a  strength  of  nature  does  it  prove,  that  at 
•such  an  age  [84],  and  so  feeble  a  frame,  the  disso- 
lution should  have  so  much  to  struggle  with.  May 
this  dear  and  faithful  servant  of  God  and  man  be 
-enabled  to  wait  the  appointed  hour  of  release, 
and  then  depart  in  peace,  her  eyes  seeing  Thy 
salvation,  o  Lord ! 

Pp.  77-78  :— 

Letter  14  [should  be  17]. 
Dated  0— y  (Olney),  Aug8t  31st  1769. 
Printed  in  Wright,  i.  110-11.     P.  110,  1.  2, 
•"afflicting,"  MS.  "afflictive";  1.  8,  "blessed 

*  *  The  Task,'  iii.  112-13  :— 
There  was  I  found  by  One  who  had  Himself 
Been  hurt  by  the  archers. 


and  happy,"  MS.  "happy  and  blessed"; 
1.  11  from  foot,  "and  when,"  MS.  "when"; 
1.  6  from  foot,  "trust  in,"  MS.  "trust"  ;  1.  4 
from  foot,  "distress,"  MS.  "a  distress." 
P.  Ill,  at  end  of  letter,  "etc.  etc." 

Pp.  79-80  :— 

Letter  15  [should  be  18]. 
Date  March  5,  1770. 

Printed  in  Wright,  i.  116-17.  Begins  "  Dear 
Cousin."  P.  116,  1.  4  of  letter,  "hope,"  MS. 
"  hopes  "  ;  1.  5,  "  only,"  omitted  in  MS. ;  1.  9, 
"beyond,"  MS.  "out  of."  P.  117,  1.  1,  after 
"purified"  MS.  adds  "by  the  many  furnaces 
into  which  He  is  pleased  to  cast  us.  The  world 
is  a  wilderness  to  me,  and  I  desire  to  find  it 
such,  till  it  shall  please  the  Lord  to  release 
me  from  it" ;  1.  6,  after  "  praise"  MS.  adds  : 

"  My  present  affliction  is  as  great  as  most  I  have 
experienced :  but 

When  I  can  hear  my  Saviour  say, 
Strength  shall  be  equal  to  thy  day, 
Then  I  rejoice  in  deep  distress, 
Leaning  on  all-sufficient  grace. 
I  beg  you  will  present  my  affectionate  respects  to 
the  family  you  are  with.     I  often  think  on  them  ; 
and,  when  I  do  so,  I  think  we  shall  meet  no  more, 
till  the  great  trumpet  brings  us  together.  May  we  all 
appear  at  the  right  hand  of  that  blessed  Redeemer 
Emanuel,  Who  has  loved  poor  sinners,  and  washed 
their  sins  in  His  own  most  precious  blood. 

My  poor  brother  is  continually  talking  in  a 
delirious  manner,  which  makes  it  difficult  for  me 
to  know  what  I  write.  I  must  add  no  more  there- 
fore but  that  I  am,  my  dear  Cousin, 

Yours  etc.  etc. 
JOHN  E.  B.  MAYOR. 
Cambridge. 

(To  be  continued.) 


PURCELL'S  MUSIC  FOR  <  THE  TEMPEST.' 
PHOF.  CUMMINGS,  upon  whom  Grove  and 
the  '  D.N.B.'  base,  assigns  the  composition  of 
Henry  PurcelPs  music  for  Shad  well's  version 
of  'The  Tempest '  to  1690,  a  highly  improbable 
date.  As  I  have  been  at  some  pains  to  show 
in  my  article  in  the  March  issue  of  Anglia 
(Halle),  Shadwell's  so-called  opera  was 
originally  produced  at  the  Duke's  Theatre, 
in  Dorset  Gardens,  in  April,  1674.  Largely 
based  on  the  Dryden-Davenant  sophistication 
of  1667,  its  text  is  represented  by  the  anony- 
mous and  misleading  quarto  issued  by 
Herringman  late  in  1674.  Even  if  it  could 
be  shown  that  the  opera  was  revived  in  1690, 
the  probabilities  are  against  its  having  been 
provided  with  a  new  score  at  that  period. 
Such  a  course  would  hardly  have  been 
followed  unless  it  had  proved  a  failure  at  the 
outset,  and  we  know  the  contrary  to  have 
been  the  case. 

Beyond  the  fact  that  Purcell  was  barely 
sixteen  at  the  time,  I  see    no    reason  for 


.  ii.  At  o.  27, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


165 


doubting  that  his  'Tempest'  music  was 
written  for  the  original  production  of  Shad- 
well's  opera  in  1674.  It  is  already  conceded 
that  Purcell  composed  for  the  same  author's 
4  Epsom  Wells,'  and  that  comedy  had  first 
seen  the  light  in  1673.  Everything  points  to 
the  conclusion  that  in  matter  of  creative 
power  the  master  must  rank  among  youthful 
prodigies.  Once  admit  this  early  flowering 
of  his  genius,  and  the  mystery  concerning 
the  'Macbeth'  score  disappears  into  thin 
air. 

Let  me  say  here  that  the  'D.N.B.'  some- 
what confuses  the  issue  by  averring  that 
Purcell's  music  was  written  for  Dryden's 
'  Tempest,'  a  palpable  error,  for  the  interpo- 
lated masque  of  Neptune  set  by  him  was  (as 
I  have  clearly  shown  in  my  Anglia  article) 
peculiar  to  the  Shad  well  opera.  This  misstate- 
ment,  as  well  as  Prof.  Cummings's  erroneous 
date  of  1690,  is  apparently  based — if  I  read 
Fetis  aright— on  a  note  in  the  '  Collection  of 
Ayres  composed  for  the  Theatre,'  published 
in  1697. 

After  sifting  all  the  evidence,  I  am  of 
opinion  that  Purcell  collaborated  with 
Matthew  Locke  in  writing  the  score  for 
the  Shad  well  opera  of  1674,  the  former 
providing  the  vocal,  and  the  latter  the 
instrumental,  music.  On  the  point  of 
Locke's  '  Tempest '  music  authorities  are 
very  conflicting.  Grove  is  even  self- 
contradictory.  8ul  voce  '  Locke '  (where  it  is 
followed  by  the  '  D.N.B.'  and  'The  Oxford 
History  of  Music '),  we  are  told  that  in  1670 
Locke  "renewed  his  connexion  with  the 
theatre  by  furnishing  the  instrumental  music 
for  Dryden  and  Davenant's  alteration  of 

*  The  Tempest,'  the  vocal  music  being  supplied 
by  Humfrey  and  Banister."    Pausing  merely 
to    point    out   that  the  Dryden  -  Da venant 
1  Tempest '  was  first  produced  at  the  Duke's 
Theatre  in  Lincoln's  Inn  Fields  on  7  November, 
1667, 1  turn  to  the  same  '  Dictionary,'  under 

*  Macbeth  Music,'  where  I  learn  incidentally 
that    Locke    "  composed    the    instrumental 
music  for  Shakespeare's  '  Tempest '  in  1673," 
and  that  the  score  was  published  with  the 
music  for  'Psyche'  in  1675.  Shakespeare's  play 
is  out  of  the  question,  for  the  unadulterated 
comedy  was  never  seen  on  the  stage  during 
the  latter  half  of  the  seventeenth  century. 

In  the  third  volume  of  '  The  Oxford  History 
of  Music,'  Sir  C.  Hubert  H.  Parry  gives  an 
interesting  analysis  of  the  highly  dramatic 
music  in  Locke's  "  Curtain  tune "  for  '  The 
Tempest.'  One  can  very  well  see  that  this 
series  of  well-contrasted  movements  formed 
the  overture  and  initiatory  descriptive  music 
to  the  first  act  of  some  '  Tempest '  piece  ;  but 


one  cannot  speak  more  definitely  on  the 
evidence,  as  the  storm  scene  was  common  to 
both  the  Dryden-Davenant  and  the  Shadwell 
versions.  We  must  remember,  however,  that 
the  former,  unlike  the  semi-opera  of  1674, 
had  no  elaborate  musical  or  scenic  adjuncts,' 
and  was  simply  a  comedy  with  occasional 
songs  sung  by  Ariel.  Pepys  speaks  glowingly 
of  the  ingenuity  shown  in  the  setting  of  the 
"Echo"  song,  but  it  is  extremely  doubtful 
whether  the  comedy  of  1667  were  provided 
with  specially  composed  instrumental  music. 
The  setting  of  the  songs  in  this  seems  to  have 
been  the  work  of  John  Banister  and  Pelham 
Hurafrey.  On  this  point  Grove  still  maintains 
its  role  of  will-o'-the-wisp,  leading  the  student 
into  many  a  quagmire,  for  (sub  nomine 
Banister)  it  informs  us  that  that  composer 
wrote  music  in  1676,  in  conjunction  with 
Humfrey,  for  some  unspecified  version  of 
'  The  Tempest.'  In  that  case  Banister  must 
have  written  under  astral  influence,  for 
Humfrey  died  in  1674. 

In  the  rare,  separately  paged  sheet  inserted 
into  some  of  the  copies  of  tne  first  volume  of 
' Choice  Ayres,  Songs,  and  Dialogues'  (1676), 
one  finds,  under  the  heading  'The  Ariel's 
Songs  in  the  Play  call'd  The  Tempest,' 
Humfrey's  setting  of  'Where  the  Bee  Sucks.' 
This  would  apparently  go  to  show  that 
Humfrey  had  composed  for  the  Dryden- 
Davenant  comedy  of  November,  1667  ;  bub 
the  point  is  by  no  means  assured,  for  Hum- 
frey at  that  time  had  only  just  returned 
from  his  long  sojourn  abroad,  and  was 
probably  not  in  London  for  more  than  a 
fortnight  beforehand.  W.  J.  LAWRENCE. 

Dublin.  

THE  THINKING  HORSE.— I  copy  the  follow- 
ing extract  from  the  Daily  Mail  of  17  Aug. : 

"There  is  no  diminution  of  interest  in  the  mar- 
vellous horse  Hans,  whose  almost  incredible  feats 
are  performed  even  in  the  absence  of  his  teacher, 
Herr  von  Osten.  Not  only  does  he  read  and  under- 
stand human  language,  but  he  can  recognize  persons 
from  their  photographs.  He  was  recently  told  to 
remember  the  phrase  '  Forest  and  bridge  are  occu- 
pied by  the  enemy,'  and  next  day  took  his  alphabet 
and  spelt  out  the  words  correctly.  Thousands  of 
people,  including  generals  and  high  officials,  crowded 
to  Herr  von  Osten's  house  to  see  the  wonderful 
animal  until  the  police  closed  the  street.  The 
M  inister  for  Education  is  about  to  appoint  a  scientific 
commission  to  observe  Hans  for  a  few  months  and! 
issue  a  report." 

We  seem  to  be  on  the  traces  of  the  Golden 
Ass.  I  can  only  commend  a  feed  of  rose- 
leaves  in  case  we  have  some  further  instance 
of  the  influence  of  Thessalonian  charms. 
In  case  the  experiment  succeeds,  and  the 
quadruped  resumes  his  human  shape,  it  is  to 


166 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  AUG.  27,  iw*. 


be  hoped  that  he  will  favour  '  N.  &  Q.'  with 
a  record  of  his  adventures  and  the  method 
of  his  transformation.  Such  an  instance  of 
history  or  myth  repeating  itself  will  give 
/urieusement  a  penser.  H.  T. 

"  BEARDED  LIKE  THE  PARD." — Whilst  search- 
ing a  Coram  Eege  Roll  of  Edward  II.  at  the 
Record  Office  I  met  with  the  following 
singular  memorandum  written  at  the  foot 
of  ^  the  membrane  in  sixteenth  -  century 
writing : — 

"Memorand.  That  this  furst  of  August,  1586, 
Anno  Regni  Regine  Eliz.  vicesimo-octavo,  Dyd  se 
one  hare  of  one  Mr.  Kyllyngworth,  lyvinge  in  Teme- 
strete,  taken  from  his  herd,  and  then  there  grow- 
inge,  of  the  lenght  then  measured  thre  score  and 
sixtene  enches  by  measure  of  a  carpenters  Rule, 
the  rest  of  his  herd  muche  longer  then  hymselfe. 
He  swore  the  same  daye  uppon  his  (oath)  that 
the  Emperore  of  Rushye  wth  two  more  Emperors 
faadd  his  herd  in  there  hands  in  Rushye  all  at  one 
time  (he  ys  of  agde  88)  and  hathe  beene  a  great 
traveller  F  me  Christopherus  Fenton."  — Roll  252 
•Coram  Rege,  Easter  16  Ed.  II.,  m.  66. 

HENRY  APPLETON,  M.D. 

WHITSUNDAY  IN  THE  '  ANGLO-SAXON  CHRO- 
NICLE.'—PROF.  SKEAT'S  article  on  Whitsunday, 
ante,  p.  121,  is  of  great  interest.  But  it 
may  be  desirable  to  caution  readers  that 
-although  the  coronation  of  Matilda,  wife  of 
William  the  Conqueror,  on  which  occasion 
>this  word  takes  the  place  of  Pentecost  in  the 
*  Chronicle '  (I  believe  for  the  only  time  there, 
-and  it  seems  to  be  the  first  known  instance 
-of  its  use  anywhere),  is  recorded  in  a  paragraph 
•headed  A.D.  1067,  its  date  was  really  1068,  as 
is  evident  from  the  day  assigned  to  Easter, 
which  corresponded  to  23  March.  Whit- 
sunday, or  Pentecost,  fell  that  year  on 
11  May.  William  was  in  Normandy  from 
-March  to  December,  1067,  and  Matilda 
•did  not  come  to  England  until  the  spring  of 

The  above  expression  for  the  day  of  the 
Pentecostal  feast  seems  to  have  been  carried 
from  England  into  Scandinavia,  and  it  would 
be  very  interesting  if  it  could  be  ascertained 
about  what  time  the  Norwegians  reverted  to 
the  older  form,  though  the  equivalent  for  the 
English  expression  was  retained  in  Iceland  ; 
also  when  it  was  first  introduced  into  Wales 
in  the  Welsh  equivalent  Sulgwyn  (White 
Sunday).  W.  T.  LYNN. 

Blackheath. 

GOLDSMITH  AND  A  SCOTTISH  PARAPHRASER. 
— In  the  collection  of  'Translations  and 
Paraphrases '  prepared  for  the  service  of 
praise  in  the  Church  of  Scotland,  No.  58  is 
the  vigorous  and  resonant  hymn  beginning, 
-"Where  high  the  heavenly  temple  stands." 


Readers  of  Lord  Selborne's  '  Book  of  Praise ' 
will  find  this  editorially  attributed  there 
to  John  Logan,  and  such  of  them  as 
are  familiar  with  the  history  of  that 
author  will  not  be  surprised  to  learn 
that  he  is  credited  by  experts  with 
having  deliberately  conveyed  it  from  Michael 
Bruce.  Be  this  as  it  may,  the  paraphrase  is 
one  that  has  entered  closely  into  Scottish 
religious  life,  being  a  favourite  not  only  as 
a  medium  of  praise,  but  as  a  stimulating 
resource  for  evangelical  expression.  Two  of 
its  lines  frequently  quoted  both  in  consolatory 
address  and  extempore  prayer  are  these  : — 

In  every  pang  that  rends  the  heart 

The  Man  of  Sorrows  had  a  part. 

It  seems  worth  while  to  note  a  striking 
parallel  between  the  former  line  of  this 
couplet  and  one  that  occurs  in  the  alternative 
version  of  a  song  in  Goldsmith's  oratorio, 
'  The  Captivity '  :— 

The  wretch,  condemned  with  life  to  part, 

Still,  still  on  hope  relies  ; 
And  every  pang  that  rends  the  heart 

Bids  expectation  rise. 

It  is  sufficiently  curious  that  such  a  notable 
line  should  thus  appear  to  have  two  distinct 
sources.  Bruce  died  in  1767  without  publish- 
ing anything,  and  when  Logan  in  1770  edited 
'  Poems  of  Michael  Bruce '  he  excluded  from 
the  collection  what  were  known  as  the  poet's 
'  Gospel  Sonnets.'  These,  including  'Christ 
Ascended  '  (as  it  is  entitled  in  '  The  Book  of 
Praise '),  he  is  believed  to  have  issued  with 
emendations  as  his  own  from  1781  onwards. 
Now  Goldsmith  died  in  1774,  and  the  inference 
of  Logan's  critics  in  the  matter  that  thus 
concerns  both  will  inevitably  be  that  the 
man  who  conveyed  Bruce  wholesale  and 
freely  pillaged  Doddridge  would  not  hesitate 
to  pilfer  from  an  obscure  lyric  by  the  author 
of  '  The  Vicar  of  Wakefield.' 

THOMAS  BAYNE. 

SERVICE  TREE.— Under  the  heading l  Whitty 
Tree,'  ante,  p.  113,  we  are  told  that 
service  tree  is  derived  from  the  Latin  cerevisia, 
beer.  This  comic  guess  is  actually  seriously 
advanced  in  Prior's  *  Popular  Names  of  British 
Plants,'  a  very  useful  book  from  a  botanical 
point  of  view,  but  full  of  errors  in  etymo- 
logy ;  it  could  be  hardly  very  correct  at  so 
early  a  date  (1879).  Yet  no  one  ever  ^  spelt 
service  with  an  initial  c.  The  odd  point  is 
that  Prior  refers  us  at  the  same  time  to 
Virgil's  sorbis  ('  Georg.,'  iii.  380)  ;  and  with 
good  reason.  I  have  explained  the  word  in 
my  'Concise  Etymological  Dictionary  ^(ed. 
1901),  and,  at  some  length,  with  quotations, 
in  my  'Notes  on  Eng.  Etymology,'  p.  266. 
Historically,  service  is  a  later  spelling  of  the 


ws.ii.Aco.27.i9w.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


167 


M.E.  serv-es,  dissyllabic  plural  of  serve,  A.-S. 
ayr/tf,  fern. ;  and  in  the  Northern  dialect  this 
plural  took  the  form  xervis.  As  to  the  A.-S. 
syrfe,  it  is  not  native  English,  but  is  derived 
(with  mutation)  from  the  Latin  sorbus,  a 
service  tree.  Hence  the  derivation  from 
Latin  is  perfectly  correct ;  only  cerevisia  is 
a  very  bad  shot.  When  will  "etymologists  " 
condescend  to  historical  investigation,  in- 
stead of  adopting  the  handiest  guess  ? 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

"  BUZZING."  —  The  subjoined,  from  the 
Standard  of  23  May,  should  interest  students 
of  slang  :— 

"  A  form  of  street  robbery  which  is  not  generally 
known  was  described  at  the  Southwark  Police  Court, 
•on  Saturday,  in  a  case  where  a  well-dressed  man, 
named  Sidney  Perry,  was  committed  to  three  months' 
imprisonment,  with  hard  labour,  as  a  suspected 
person,  and  subject  to  one  of  the  sections  of  the 
Prevention  of  Crimes  Act.  'Buz/ing'  is  the  name 
given  to  the  crime.  A  gang  of  thieves  surround  a 
man,  and  while  one  robs  him,  the  rest  maintain  a 
buzzing  noise.  If  the  victim  should  seize  his 
assailant,  the  leader,  known  as  the  '  spokesman ' — 
the  part  played  by  the  accused— declares  that,  as  a 
passer-by,  he  saw  the  robbery,  and  that  the  actual 
thief  escaped." 

This  amplifies  and  particularizes  the 
definition  in  Hotten's  'Slang  Dictionary/ 
"  Buz,  to  pick  pockets  ;  buzzing  or  buz-faking, 
fobbing."  ALFRED  F.  BOBBINS. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
•direct. 

NICHOLAS  BILLINGSLEY.  (See  7th  S.  xii. 
408;  8th  S.  i.  423,  517;  ii.  34.)-A  small 

octavo  volume,  entitled  "The  History  of 

St.  Athanasius by  N.  B.  P.  0.  Catholick. 

London,  Printed  for  D.  Maxwell,  for 
Christopher  Eccleston  under  St.  Dunstans 
Church,  Fleetstreet,  16G4,"  has  lately  come 
into  my  hands.  The  letters  "N.  B."  are 
printed  in  ordinary  roman  capitals,  whilst 
the  "P.  C.  Catholick"  are  in  italics.  I  should 
be  glad  to  know  what  the  last  phrase  signifies, 
and  if  the  author  is  Nicholas  Billingsley,  a 
list  of  whoso  works,  dating  from  1657  to  1667, 
appears  in  Lowndes,  this  however  not  being 
among  them.  The  book  bears  the  imprimatur 
of  Gilbert  Sheldon,  Bishop  of  London,  23 
November,  1662.  Lowndes  certainly  mentions 
the  work  under  'Athanasius,'  but  ascribes  it 
to  "  N.  B.  P.  C.,"  which  I  think  is  an  error. 

It  is  of  some  interest  to  note  that  this  little 
volume  bears  the  autograph  of  the  Rev.  A.  D. 


Wagner,  who  for  about  fifty  vears  was 
connected,  as  curate  and  incumbent,  with 
St.  Paul's,  Brighton. 

Any  information  as  to  the  book  or  its 
author  would  be  welcomed. 

WM.  NORMAN. 

"  BUTTERY." — On  p.  237  of  a  well-compiled 
'History,  Gazetteer,  and  Directory  of  the 
County  of  Derby,'  Sheffield,  1857,  we  are 
told:— 

"An  entry  in  a  book  without  date,  but  written 
more  than  fifty  years  ago,  states  that  three  roods  of 
land,  lying  in  Samuel  Richardson's  little  buttery, 
were  left  to  buy  bread  and  wine  for  the  holy  sacra- 
ment for  ever,  for  Stanley  chapelry.  The  field  is 
now  called  Samuel's  buttery,  and  the  residue  of  it 
belongs  to  Richard  Bateman,  Esq.,  whose  tenant 
purchases  the  bread  and  wine,  estimated  to  cost 
annually  the  fair  rent  of  this  plot  of  land." 

I  do  not  find  this  meaning  of  the  word 
buttery  in  what  PROF.  SKEAT  calls  the 
4  Neglected  English  Dictionary  '  ('N.E.D.').  Is 
it  known  elsewhere  ?  and  can  it  be  explained  ? 
It  may  be  noted  that  the  chapelry  of  Edale, 
in  this  county,  was  formerly  divided  into 
five  large  farms,  called  booths  or  vaccaries. 

S.  O.  ADDY. 

'  GOODY  Two  SHOES.'— Did  Goldsmith  write 
this  fairy  tale?  Where  can  I  find  full 
particulars  of  the  same  ?  S.  J.  A.  F. 

PORTUGUESE  PEDIGREES.  —  There  are,  I 
understand,  in  the  library  of  Lambeth 
Palace  some  Portuguese  pedigrees.  Could 
any  of  your  readers  inform  me  what  families 
they  refer  to,  or  where  I  can  obtain  this 
information1?  A.  J.  C.  GUIMARAENS. 

FIRST -FLOOR  REFECTORIES.  —  In  Durham 
Cathedral,  in  Finchale  Priory,  and  in  Bay- 
ham  Priory,  Sussex,  the  refectory  is  upstairs 
over  a  crypt.  Where  else  in  England  does 
this  occur?  The  late  Rev.  E.  Mackenzie 
Walcott  stated  it  was  so  "in  two  northern 
monasteries."  Which  were  these  ? 

T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 

Lancaster. 

MARYLEBONE  LITERARY  AND  PHILOSOPHICAL 
SOCIETY  IN  1836.— Did  this  society  print  its 
proceedings?  and  at  what  date  did  it  cease  to 
exist  ?  XYLOGRAPHER. 

"  VINE  "  TAVERN,  MILE  END.  —  In  Sep- 
tember, 1903,  an  interesting  old  wooden 
structure  called  the  "Vine"  public  -  house, 
which  stood  on  the  pavement  at  Mile  End, 
was  destroyed  by  order  of  the  Borough 
Council  of  Stepney.  It  had  been  etched 
years  ago  by  the  late  Mr.  Edwin  Edwards, 
and  I  am  told  that  a  turnpike  once  stood  hard 


168 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io«>  s.  n.  AUG.  27,  im 


by.    If  any  one  will  give  me  further  informa- 
tion about  it  I  shall  be  much  obliged. 

PHILIP  NORMAN. 

"WORK  LIKE  A  TROJAN."— The  vicar  of  a 
church  here,  speaking,  on  the  cover  of  his 
parish  magazine,  of  some  of  his  assistants  on 
a  recent  occasion,  says  that  "they  worked 
like  Trojans,5'  and  then  adds,  with  a  touch  of 
humour,  in  a  parenthesis,  "  By  the  way,  can 
any  one  say  exactly  how  Trojans  did  work  1 " 
In  other  words,  what  is  the  origin  of  the 
expression  ?  As  I  have  failed  to  find  it  in  the 
Indexes  of  '  N.  &  Q.,'  I  venture  to  put  it  now 
as  a  query.  W.  T.  LYNN. 

Blackheath. 

[A  Trojan  is  a  canting  term  for  a  resolute  man, 
one  not  easily  overcome  or  dismayed.] 

ST.  GEORGE.  —  Has  this  proverb  on  St. 
George  any  known  source  ?  "  Like  St.  George, 
always  in  his  saddle,  never  on  his  way."  It 
occurs  in  Clement  Walker's  'History  of 
Independency,'  'The  Mysterie  of  the  Two 
Junto's,'  P- 13  (1648).  REGINALD  HAINES. 

Uppingham. 

BURGOMASTER  Six. —  Can  any  of  your 
readers  give  me  the  arms  of  the  Burgomaster 
Jan  Six,  the  friend  and  patron  of  Rembrandt1? 
Rietstap  in  the  'Armorial  General '  mentions 
two  families  of  this  name,  viz.,  Six  de 
Hillegom,  Holland,  and  Six  d'Oterleek, 
Holland,  each  bearing  the  same  arms,  Azure, 
two  crescents  in  chief  and  an  estoile  in  base 
argent.  Are  both  or  either  of  these  families 
descended  from  the  burgomaster  ? 

G.  J.  W. 

MORAL  STANDARDS  OF  EUROPE.— An  article 
in  the  Intermediate  for  30  April,  speaking  of 
the  marriages  of  brothers  and  sisters  among 
Jews,  Egyptians,  Greeks,  and  Britons,  remarks, 
"Tous  les  ernpechements  pour  cause  de 
parente  qu'admet  1'Eglise  catholique  sont 
d'origine,  non  pas  juive,  non  pas  meme 
chretienne,  mais  romaine." 

Is  there  any  adequate  history  of  the 
development  of  the  moral  standards  now 
accepted  in  Europe  which  explains  whence 
our  conceptions  of  right  and  wrong  were 
derived  ? 

Though  still  faulty  enough  in  that  respect, 
the  races  with  a  preponderating  share  of 
Teutonic  blood  are  said  to  be  more  truthful 
than  the  nations  of  Keltic  type  or  than  the 
peoples  of  the  Mediterranean  basin.  Whence 
did  they  derive  the  specially  strong  sentiment 
which  makes  it,  theoretically  at  least,  a 
disgrace  and  a  sign  of  effeminate  cowardice 
for  a  man  to  lie  ?  A  friend  of  mine  remarks  : 

Your  slow -brained  Teuton  only  lies  for 


sordid  gain,  and  even  then  is  conscious  of 
wrongdoing ;  but  the  races  with  more  lively 
imaginations  appear  to  indulge  in  misstate- 
ment  as  a  pastime,  for  they  recognize  no 
distinct  cleavage  between  fact  and  fiction." 
If  this  is  correct,  the  virtue  of  truthfulness 
has  probably  to  do  with  physiological 
structure.  Yet  it  may  be  asked,  When  and 
how  did  it  first  appear  in  a  sufficient  degree 
to  be  noted  as  a  racial  characteristic  1 

X.Z. 

FINCHALE  PRIORY,  DURHAM. — In  or  about 
1866  a  Mr.  Charles  Hensman  obtained  the 
prize  of  the  Royal  Institute  of  British 
Architects  for  a  series  of  architectural 
drawings  of  this  priory.  He  subsequently 
placed  all  these  at  the  disposal  of  the  late 
Edward  Roberts,  F.S.A.,  to  illustrate  a  paper 
printed  in  their  Journal  (vol.  xxiii.  pp.  67-85). 
Mr.  Roberts,  however,  only  used  a  selection, 
and  stated  in  a  foot-note,  "His  drawings  are 
in  course  of  publication  under  his  own  direc- 
tion." Were  these  ever  published  ?  If  so, 
when  and  where  1  Is  anything  else  known  of 
Mr.  Hensman's  work  ? 

T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 

Lancaster. 

ASHBURNER    FAMILY    OF    OLNEY,    BUCKS. — 

I  am  desirous  of  compiling  a  pedigree  of  this 
family,  and  should  much  appreciate  any 
information  your  readers  may  have.  The 
Rev.  Edw.  A.shburner  (1734-1804),  a  member 
of  this  family,  was  pastor  of  the  Noncon- 
formist meeting-house  at  Poole,  Dorsetshire. 
The  family  were  living  at  Olney  about  1580. 
Are  they  descended  from  the  Lancashire 
family  of  that  name  ? 

CHAS.  HALL  CROUCH. 
5,  Grove  Villas,  Wanstead. 

RICHARD  PRICE,  M.P.  FOR  BEAUMARIS,  1754 
AND  1761. — What  was  the  date  or  approximate 
date  of  his  birth  1  H.  C. 

FALKNER  OR  FAULKNER  FAMILY. — I  am 
anxious  to  ascertain  the  parentage  of  John 
Falkner,  paper-maker,  Claverley,  Shropshire, 
who  died  in  1761,  aged  forty-three.  He 
would  be  born  about  1717,  1718,  or  1719,  and 
it  seems  probable  that  he  was  first  of  his 
family  to  settle  in  that  parish.  Any  clue  will 
greatly  oblige  me.  W.  P.  W.  PHILLIMORE. 

124,  Chancery  Lane. 

MESMERISM  IN  THE  DARK  AGES.— Whilst 
Dr.  Walford  Bodie,  the  well-known  mesmerist, 
was  lecturing  in  the  Palace  Theatre,  Aber- 
deen, on  the  night  of  22  July,  previous  to 
giving  his  performance  in  that  art,  he  said 
that  mesmerism  was  not  a  thing  of  to-day  (at 
the  same  time  citing  a  case  of  1748),  but  was 


.  ii.  AUG.  27,  ION.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


169 


well  known  in  the  Dark  Ages.      Further 
more,  said  he,  sculptured  stones  have   been 
found  on  which  were  portrayed  persons  under 
going  the  mesmeric  art.    Will  any  one  confirm 
the  authenticity  of  his  public  statement  ? 

ROBERT  MURDOCH  LAWRANCE. 
71,  Bon- Accord  Street,  Aberdeen. 

KILLED  BY  A  LOOK.— In  Bishop  Westcott' 
'  Life,'  vol.  i.  p.  351,  occurs  the  following  foot 
note : — 

"  About  this  time  my  brother  Brooke,  who  wa 
reading  for  a  history  prize  at  Cheltenham,  impartec 
to  me,  amongst  other  fruits  of  his  research,  tha 
Edward  I.  once  killed  a  man  by  looking  at  him.  0 
course,  as  in  fraternal  duty  bound,  I  scoffed  at  the 
idea,  and  suggested  that  the  king  brandished  hi 
sword  in  the  poor  man's  face  ;  but  I  believe  it  now.' 

Where  is  this  incident  recorded  ?    Is   it  a 
unique  instance  1  J.  B.  McGovERN. 

St.  Stephen's  Rectory,  C.-on-M.,  Manchester. 

BARON  WARD.  —  Can  any  corresponded 
give  the  birthplace  of  Baron  Thomas  Ward, 
born  1809  and  died  1858?  The  accounts  oi 
his  life  I  have  read  do  not  agree  as  to  the 
place.  WILLIAM  ANDREWS. 

Hull  Royal  Institution. 

MANZONI'S  '  BETROTHED.'  —  An  English 
translation  of  this  celebrated  novel  was 
published  by  Bentley  in  1846,  being  No.  43 
of  his  "  Standard  Novels  and  Romances."  I 
believe  another  translation  of  this  work  was 
issued  by  some  publisher  in  the  fifties,  but 
I  am  not  quite  certain.  Perhaps  some 
admirers  of  'I  Promessi  Sposi'  can  tell  me 
if  this  is  the  case,  and  if  so,  the  name  of  the 
publisher.  FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 

[A  translation  by  Mrs.  Apel  was  issued,  with  the 
original  text,  by  Cornish  in  1860.  It  was  in  18mo, 
price  Is.  6d.] 

THACKERAY'S  PICTURES.  —  Can  any  one 
inform  me  whether  a  public  sale  of  the 
above  was  held,  or  whether  any  sale  of  them 
took  place,  soon  after  the  novelist's  death  ? 
Thackeray  was  the  fortunate  recipient  of 
numerous  pictures  and  drawings  from 
artists,  and  instances  of  works  stated  to 
have  come  from  his  collection  being  offered 
for  sale  by  dealers  have  come  under  my 
notice.  W.  B.  H. 

LONDON  CEMETERIES  IN  I860.— I  am  search- 
ing for  material  for  a  biography  of  my  little 
sister,  Eliza  Ellen  ;  but  I  have  been  unable 
to  find  out  where  she  was  buried.  1  have 
written  to  Somerset  House,  and  also  to  the 
present  City  officials  of  London  ;  but  they 
have  informed  me  that  they  have  no  record 
of  her  burial,  and  that  I  must  apply  to  the 
cemetery  authorities  where  she  was  interred. 


But  to  know  in  which  cemetery  she  was 
interred  is  the  puzzling  question.  Besides,  I 
have  no  knowledge  of  the  names  of  the 
cemeteries  then  in  existence.  She  died  in 
Fetter  Lane,  21  June,  1860.  Now,  if  some 
good  reader  of  'N.  <kQ.'  would  supply  me 
with  the  names  and  addresses  of  the  ceme- 
teries in  use  for  London  in  June,  1860,  I 
should  then  be  able  to  get  searches  made  in 
all  the  cemetery  records  until  I  found  the 
right  one.  This  is  the  only  way  it  is  possible 
to  find  it.  F.  A.  HOPKINS. 

536,  California  Street,  Los  Angeles,  California. 

ENGLAND'S  INHABITANTS  IN  1697. — Have 
there  been  preserved  the  original  MS.  lists 
of  the  parochial  assignments  of  the  tax 
imposed  on  births,  marriages,  and  burials 
by  the  Act  6  &  7  William  &  Mary,  cap.  6  ? 
That  they  would  be  of  very  great  service  to 
the  genealogist  and  the  local  historian  is,  of 
course,  evident.  DUNHEVED. 

"  THREE  GUNS."— In  Strype's  '  Life  of  the 
Learned  Sir  Thomas  Smith,  Kt.,'  printed  in 
1698,  I  find  on  p.  38  the  following  pas- 
sage :— 

"And  this  was  the  Port  he  lived  in  before  his 
.eavingof  Cambridge.  He  kept  Three  Servants, 
and  Three  Guns,  and  Three  Winter  Geldings." 
[n  the  margin  we  are  told  that  this  happened 
in  1546,  when  Henry  VIII.  was  still  reigning, 
and  iust  a  year  after  Roger  Ascham  pub- 
"ished  his  '  Toxophilus,'  in  which  he  says  :— 

"  Artillarie  now  a  dayes  is  taken  for  .ii.  thinges  : 
Dunnes  and  Bowes,  which  how  moch  they  do  in 
war,  both  dayly  experience  doeth  teache,  and  also 
?eter  Nannius  a  learned  man  of  Louayn,  in  a 
ertayne  dialoge  doth  very  well  set  out,  wherein 
his  is  most  notable,  that  when  he  hath  shewed 
xcedyng  commodities  of  both,  and  some  discom- 
modities of  gunnes,  as  infinite  cost  and  charge, 
ombersome  carriage :  and  yf  they  be  greate,  the 
ncertayne  leuelyng,  the  peryll  of  them  that  stand 
y  them,  the  esyer  auoydyng  by  them  that  stande 
ar  of:  and  yf  they  be  lytle,  the  lesse  both  feare 
nd  ieoperdy  is  in  them,  besyde  all  contrary  wether 
nd  wynde,  whiche  hyndereth  them  not  a  lytle : 
et  of  all  shotyng  he  cannot  reherse  one  discom- 
moditie."— Arber's  reprint,  p.  65. 

From  this  interesting  passage  one  cannot 
elp  thinking  that  Ascham's  treatise  was 
rritten  in  defence  of  an  expiring  art.  His 
reat  friend  Sir  Thomas  Smith,  at  all  events, 
ad  discarded  the  old  weapon  and  armed  his 
ervants  with  the  new.  His  income  at  that 
ime  amounted  to  upwards  of  120/.  a  year, 
vhich  was  a  very  large  sum  in  those  days. 
*Vas  he  compelled  to  keep  armed  men-ser- 
ants  in  proportion  to  his  wealth  ?  Is  there 
ny  ordinance  to  that  effect?  In  that  way 
nly,  it  seems  to  me,  can  the  " Three  Guns" 
e  explained.  JOHN  T.  CURRY. 


170 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  11.  AUG.  27, 1961. 


DESECRATED  FONTS. 
(10th  S.  i.  488  ;  ii.  112.) 

ALTHOUGH  ready  to  grant  that  old  church 
restoration  often  means  church  desecration, 
I  think  your  correspondents  under  the  above 
title  are  just  a  little  severe.  There  are 
exceptional  cases  even  in  the  views  of  church- 
wardens. I  remember  about  thirty  years  ago, 
while  acting  as  clerk  of  the  works  at  the 
restoration  of  the  old  church  of  St.  Hilda  in 
the  market-place  of  South  Shields,  there  was 
a  disused  font  standing  among  the  tombstones 
in  the  churchyard,  which  is  there  yet  for  any- 
thing I  know  to  the  contrary.  Mr.  Pollard, 
a  benevolent  old  warden,  during  a  round  of 
inspection  happening  to  bring  it  under  ob- 
servation, exclaimed,  in  his  dear  old  North- 
Country  accent,  "Puir  old  thing,  that  all  of 
us  wee  bit  bairns  were  christened  in  ! — give 
it  a  coat  of  paint."  And  the  poor  old  thing 
was  solaced  with  an  affectionate  coat  of 
paint  accordingly. 

A  more  serious  case  of  real  desecration 
occurred    here,    nearer    home,    within    my 
recollection,  now  nearly  half  a  century  ago. 
The  fine  old   parish   church  of  Northfleet, 
Kent,  was  undergoing  restoration  under  the 
indefatigable  care  and  generosity  of  a  late 
rector,  Mr.  Southgate.     A  funeral  had  taken 
place  in  the  churchyard,  and  after  the  service 
the  undertaker's  men,  or  a  few  of  them,  went 
about  larking  in    the    old    church,   and    a 
foolish  young  fellow  got  up  on  to  the  font 
and  was  in  the  act  of  what  I  must  mildly 
call  "passing   water"  into  it.      The  rector 
happened  to  have  remained  in  the  vestry, 
and  accidentally  emerging  just  at  the  moment, 
cried  out,  "  What  disgraceful  conduct ! "  and 
the  young  fellow  instantly  took  to  his  heels. 
The  rector,  then  himself  a  powerful  young 
man,  gave  chase  in  his  surplice,  greatly  to 
the  astonishment  of   the  villagers — it  is  a 
regular  town  now — and  the  unhappy  youth 
was  relentlessly  handed  over  to  the  justices. 
The  father  engaged  a  solicitor  to  deny  and 
defend  ;  but,  in  spite  of  a  subsequent  abject 
apology  and  an  offer  of  a  donation  to  the 
church    fund,    the    young    culprit    had    to 
undergo  a  term  of  incarceration  in  Maid- 
stone  Gaol.    Then  occurred  the  next  rather 
questionable  act  as  to  a  completion  of  the 
desecration.     The  rector  declared  that  the 
font  could  never  again  be  used  for  a  sacred 
rite,  and  caused  the  massive  relic,  the  basin 
of  which  was  large  enough  for  the  complete 
immersion  of  a  child,  to  be  buried   in  the 
churchyard,  and  a  new  font,  of  modern  size 


and  style,  placed  in  a  new  position  in  the 
church. 

That  is  all  ancient  history  now ;  for  the 
whole  matter  was  discreetly  hushed  up 
as  much  as  possible.  Since  then,  that 
playful  youth,  who  was  taught  a  salu- 
tary lesson,  has  led  an  honourable  and 
exemplary  life,  and  it  has  often  occurred  to 
me  that  it  is  time  that  the  old  font  should 
be  unearthed  once  more,  and  restored  again 
to  some  honourable  position,  if  not  to  its 
original  one,  rather  than  that  posterity 
should  have  to  trust  to  the  chapter  of  acci- 
dents and  an  interesting  possible  future 
archseological  discovery. 

CHAELES  COBHAM. 

The  Shrubbery,  Gravesend. 

DR.  FORSHAW  will  be  glad  to  hear  that 
owing  to  the  public  spirit  of  Mr.  William 
Winckley,  F.S.A.,  a  resident  in  the  parish,  the 
beautiful  old  font  of  1200  was  restored  to 
Harrow  Church  in  1846.  Unfortunately  the 
square  plinth  with  its  spurs  was  not  replaced, 
but  sufficient  Purbeck  marble  was  found  in 
the  immediate  neighbourhood  to  repair  other 
damages  which  had  been  sustained,  and  to 
supply  a  new  rim.  Those  who  had  been 
instrumental  in  the  restoration,  unhappily, 
thought  proper  to  break  up  the  original  rim 
and  divide  it  among  themselves  as  keepsakes. 
I  may  refer  DR.  FORSHAW  to  Mr.  Samuel 
Gardner's  interesting  book  '  The  Archi- 
tectural History  of  Harrow  Church'  (pub- 
lished in  1895  by  Mr.  J.  C.  Wilbee,  bookseller 
to  Harrow  School),  pp.  56-62.  The  author 
gives  illustrations  of  the  font  as  it  now  is; 
as  it  was  in  1794  from  Lysons's  'Environs  of 
London';  as  it  was  from  1800  to  1846,  when 
it  reposed  in  Mrs.  Leith's  garden ;  and  also 
of  its  wretched  rival,  the  substituted  font 
of  1800,  in  1895  in  a  garden  at  Harrow. 
Mrs.  Leith,'who  preserved  it  from  destruc- 
tion, was  the  widow  of  Capt.  Alexander 
Leith,  and  died,  aged  ninety-two,  in  1846. 
For  many  years  before  1839  she  rented  the 
present  vicarage,  which,  during  the  occupa- 
tion of  the  "Dame,"  was  held  in  great 
repute  among  the  school  houses  for  its 
high  social  character,  and  especially  for^  its 
eminence  in  cricket.  In  fact  "Leith's  against 
the  School"  was  an  annual  match.  Among 
prominent  Leithites  may  be  mentioned  Arch- 
bishop Trench  and  the  fifth  Marquess  of 
Hertford. 

In  the  south  aisle  of  Stratford-on-Avon 
Church  may  be  seen  the  battered  remains 
of  the  old  fifteenth-century  font  at  which 
William  Shakespeare  was  probably  baptized 
on  26  April,  1564.  Removed  from  the  church 
to  the  house  of  the  parish  clerk,  Thomas 


io">  s.  ii.  A™.  27,  IDG*.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


171 


Paine,  who  died  in  1747,  it  remained  at  the 
house  he  occupied  in  Church  Street,  and  was 
•used  as  a  water  cistern  until  1823,  when  it 
passed  into  the  possession  of  Capt.  Saunders. 
It  is  an  octagon,  having  upon  its  faces  a 
series  of  quatrefoils,  two  in  each  panel.  The 
new  font  is  a  replica  of  the  ancient  bowl.  A 
•charming  etching  of  the  old  font  in  1853,  as 
it  stood  in  a  garden,  from  an  oil  sketch  by 
Henry  Wallis,  will  be  found  in  Mr.  F.  G. 
Fleay's  'Life  and  Work  of  William  Shake- 
speare,' 1886.  A.  11.  BAYLEY. 

MR.  PAGE  may  like  to  know  that  while 
waiting  to  be  ferried  across  the  Trent  from 
East  Butter  wick  to  West  Butter  wick,  Lines, 
in  September,  1901,  I  was  shown  the  octa- 
gonal bowl  of  an  old  font  in  the  yard  of  Mr. 
Outram,  a  mason  of  East  Butterwick.  My 
informant  told  me  that  it  was  formerly  in 
the  grounds  of  the  vicarage,  Messingham,  a 
village  about  four  miles  to  the  east  of  East 
Butterwick ;  but  I  was  unable  to  ascertain 
whether  it  was  originally  in  Messingham 
Church  or  not.  CHARLES  HALL  CROUCH. 

5,  Grove  Villas,  Wanstead. 

Desecrated  fonts  exist  by  the  hundred.  But 
upon  what  authority  does  W.  T.  H.  assume 
the  one  at  Sileby,  in  Leicestershire,  to  be 
Saxon  ?  Paley,  in  '  Illustrations  of  Baptismal 
Fonts '  (1844),  whilst  not  denying  that  fonts 
of  that  date  may  possibly  exist,  is  unable 
to  quote  an  example,  and  adds  :  "  We  know 
from  Bede  that  stone  fonts  were  not  u^ed  in 
•churches  in  his  time."  The  Venerable  Bede 
is  said  to  have  died  27  May,  735. 

HARRY  HEMS. 

Fair  Park,  Exeter. 

There  must  be  few  old  churches  whose 
original  fonts  have  not  been  cast  out  at  some 
time  or  other  since  the  Reformation,  though 
many  have  been  put  back  in  the  last  forty 
or  fifty  years.  There  can  be  little  doubt  that, 
as  a  very  general  rule,  the  fonts  were  treated, 
-at  the  change  of  religion,  only  less  sacri- 
legiously than  the  altars— ejected  and  turned 
to  profane  uses,  when  not  destroyed.  They 
•had  been  consecrated  by  Catholic  bishops, 
with  rites  described  by  the  Reformers  as 
"  Popish  greasings,"  and  were  therefore 
under  the  same  ban  as  the  altars. 

JOHN  HOBSON  MATTHEWS. 

Monmouth. 

Under  the  heading  of  'The  Old  Font  of 
Beckenham  Church,'  Hone  gives  the  following 
<along  with  an  illustration)  in  cols.  772-3  of 
his  ' Table  Book'  :- 

"A  font  often  denotes  the  antiquity,  and  fre- 
quently determines  the  former  importance,  of  the 
church,  and  is  so  essential  a  part  of  the  edifice,  that 


it  is  incomplete  without  one.  According  to  the 
rubrick,  a  church  may  be  without  a  pulpit,  but  not 
without  a  font ;  hence,  almost  the  first  thing  I  look 
for  in  an  old  church  is  its  old  stone  font.  Instead 
thereof,  at  Beckenham,  is  a  thick  wooden  baluster, 
with  an  unseemly  circular  flat  lid,  covering  a  sort 
of  wash-hand-basin,  and  this  the  'gentlemen  of  the 
parish'  call  a  'font' !  The  odd-looking  thing  was 
'  a  present '  from  a  parishioner,  in  lieu  of  the  ancient 
stone  font,  which,  when  the  church  was  repaired 
after  the  lightning-storm,  was  carried  away  by  Mr. 
churchwarden  Bassett,  and  placed  in  his  yara.  It 
was  afterwards  sold  to  Mr.  Henry  Holland,  the 
former  landlord  of  the  'Old  Crooked  Billet,'  on 
Penge  Common,  who  used  it  for  several  years  as  a 
cistern,  and  the  present  landlord  has  it  now  in  his 
garden,  where  it.  appears  as  represented  in  the 
engraving.  Mr.  Harding  expresses  an  intention  of 
making  a  table  of  it  at  the  front  of  his  house :  in 
the  interim  it  is  depicted  here,  as  a  hint,  to  induce 
some  regard  in  Beckenham  people,  and  save  the 
venerable  font  from  an  exposure  which,  however 
intended  as  a  private  respect  to  it  by  the  host  of 
the  '  Crooked  Billet,'  would  be  a  public  shame  to 
Beckenham  parish." 

Later  (col.  813)  Hone  writes  in  connexion 
with  his  visit  to  West  Wickham  Church, 
Kent  :— 

"  Worst  of  all— and  I  mean  offence  to  no  one,  but 
surely  there  is  blame  somewhere— the  ancient  stone 
font,  which  is  in  all  respects  perfect,  has  been  re- 
moved from  its  original  situation,  and  is  thrown 
into  a  corner.  In  its  place,  at  the  west  end,  from  a 
nick  (not  a  niche)  between  the  seats,  a  little  trivet- 
like  iron  bracket  swings  in  and  out,  and  upon  it  is 
a  wooden  hand-bowl,  such  as  scullions  use  in  a 
kitchen  sink  ;  and  in  this  hand-bowl,  of  about 
twelve  inches  diameter,  called  a  font,  I  found  a 
common  blue-and-white  Staffordshire-ware  halfpint 
basin.  It  might  be  there  still :  but,  while  inveigh- 
ing to  my  friend  W.  against  the  depravation  of  the 
fine  old  font,  and  the  substitution  of  such  a  paltry 
modicum,  in  my  vehemence  I  fractured  the  crockery. 
I  felt  that  I  was  angry,  and  perhaps,  I  sinned  ;  but 
I  made  restitution  beyond  the  extent  that  would 
replace  the  baptismal  slop-basin." 

The  following  recent  instance  is  worth 
perpetuating  in  CN.  <fc  Q.'  On  1  August  I 
was  epitaph-hunting  in  the  local  country 
churchyards,  among  those  visited  on  this 
day  being  that  of  Idle,  near  this  city.  In 
this  churchyard  I  saw  what  appeared  to 
be  two  old  fonts,  so  during  the  week  I  wrote 
to  the  vicar  (the  Rev.  W.  Marshall)  for 
particulars.  The  inquiry  elicited  the  sub- 
joined reply  :— 

"  You  would  see  an  old  font  at  the  corner  of  the 
vicarage  lawn.  It  was  in  the  old  church  some 
70  yards  away  (built  1630,  on  the  site  of  an  ancient 
one  which  had  become  ruinous.  We  use  it  now  as 
a  Sunday  school.  The  Puritans  had  it  some  years). 
The  font,  I  understand,  was  placed  here  when  the 
present  parish  church,  1830,  was  opened  on  a  new 
site.  Closer  to  the  house  is  another  font,  made  for 
this  new  church,  and  superseded  by  a  votive  one 
of  a  much  finer  kind.  It  is  not  often  you  see  two 
fonts  near  a  parsonage  of  this  kind.  I  found  them 
here  when  I  came." 


172 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*-  s.  n.  AUG.  27, 190*. 


The  reverend  gentleman's  statement  that 
it  is  not  often  one  sees  two  fonts  in  a  church- 
yard is  true  enough  ;  the  fact  is  probably 
unique.  CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

A  note  on  a  font  which  was  found  at 
Tickton,  Yorkshire,  was  printed  9th  S.  i.  383. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

The  ancient  font  of  the  extremely  inter- 
esting moorland  church  of  Holne,  in  Devon- 
shire, appears  to  have  suffered  greater  degra- 
dation than  any  mentioned  by  previous 
correspondents.  Mr.  Robert  Burnard,  in 
his  '  Pictorial  Dartmoor,'  vol.  iii.  p.  26,  says  : 

"  In  1827  the  Rural  Dean  reported  *  that  a  new 
font  must  be  provided,  unless  the  present  one  can 
be  put  into  a  proper  decent  condition,  which  I  do 
not  think  possible.'  Accordingly,  the  present  font 
was  placed  in  the  church.  One  of  the  church- 
wardens removed  the  bowl  of  the  ancient  font  to 
his  farmhouse,  where  for  more  than  sixty  years  it 
was  used  as  a  pigs'  trough.  It  was  rescued  from 
this  ignoble  use  in  July  of  last  year  [1892],  and  was 
removed  to  Holne  Park  House.  It  is  to  be  hoped 
that  it  will  eventually  be  placed  in  the  church  for 
preservation." 

Mr.  Burnard's  hope  has  been  realized. 
The  Hon.  Richard  Dawson,  the  owner  of 
Holne  Park,  has  had  it  mounted  on  a  Dart- 
moor granite  pedestal  and  refixed  in  the 
church.  It  is  said  that  the  Rev.  Charles 
Kingsley  was  baptized  in  this  font.  It  may 
be  remembered  that  he  was  born  at  Holne, 
of  which  place  his  father  was  vicar,  in  1819. 

A.  J.  DAVY. 

Torquay.          

PEAK  AND  PIKE  (10th  S.  ii.  61,  109).— May 
I  add  that  children  about  Hale  (Hants),  on 
the  northern  border  of  the  New  Forest, 
sometimes  talk  of  Salisbury  spire  as  Salis- 
bury Pike  1  It  looks,  indeed,  like  a  pike  when 
the  top  is  seen  from  the  high  ground  in  Hale, 
rising  behind  the  hills  south  of  Salisbury. 
I  cannot,  however,  be  quite  sure  if  the 
Hale  nickname  for  Salisbury  spire  is  pike 
or  spike. 

"  Cam's  Pike  "  is  usually  known  as  Coaley 
Peak,  from  the  small  village  of  Coaley  at  its 
foot. 

Can  "pike"  be  merely  a  common  noun, 
used  as  a  "fine  word,"  or,  as  the  Germans  call 
it,  a  "  gelehrtes  Wort,"  by  the  writers  quoted, 
in  order  to  describe  a  hill  which  looks  like 
an  extinct  volcano,  such  as  the  Peak  of 
Teneriffe? 

Aubrey's  use  of  the  work  "  pikes "  to 
describe,  as  I  take  it,  the  knolls  rising  from 
the  line  of  the  chalk  downs  behind  Longleat 
House,  the  Marquis  of  Bath's  Wiltshire  seat, 
points,  perhaps,  in  the  same  direction. 


Seen  from  the  Cotswolds  behind  Weston 
Birt,  or  from  Wind  Down  in  the  Quantocks, 
for  example,  the  hill  south  of  Warminster 
looks  like  a  large  and  very  conspicuous  peak,, 
with  a  hollow  behind  it,  not  very  unlike  a 
distant  view  from  the  northern  Campagna 
of  Monte  Latino,  near  Albano.  H.  2. 

Pike  Pool,  mentioned  by  me  at  the  last 
reference,  is  on  the  river  Dove,  which  runs- 
between  the  counties  of  Derby  and  Stafford, 
and  is  in  the  latter  county.  In  the  parish  of 
Chapel-en-le-Frith,  in  Derbyshire,  is  a  lofty 
hill  called  Eccles  Pike,  the  name  of  which  is- 
preserved  in  the  rime  : — 

Eccles  Pike  and  Kinder  Scout 

Are  the  highest  hills  about. 

A    hamlet    nestling    underneath   is    called 
"  Under  Eccles."        JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 
Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

" TALENTED"  (10th  S.  ii.  23,  93).— As  MR. 
RALPH  THOMAS  justly  remarks,  there  is  "a 
great  deal  of  feeling  about  the  use  of  par- 
ticular words,"  so  much,  indeed,  that  if  every- 
body's taste  were  to  be  regarded,  the  resources 
of  the  English  language  would  be  greatly 
crippled.  Which  of  us  can  tell  what  may  be 
the  verbal  red  rag  of  his  reader  or  hearer  ? 
I  have  pictured  to  myself  Sir  Herbert 
Maxwell's  surprise  when  in  the  Spectator's 
notice  of  '  British  Fresh  -  Water  Fishes ' 
(28  May)  he  lighted  on  the  following  re- 
proof : — 

"  We  cannot help  wishing  that  he  would  avoid 

those  very  distasteful  expressions  '  to  wit,'  k  albeit/ 
4  whereof,'  '  to  boot,'  and  '  withal,'  which  are  gene- 
rally characteristic  of  writers  very  inferior  to  Sir 
Herbert,  and  which  appear  with  needless  fre- 
quency." 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

The  following  lines    are    an    example  of 
Shakspeare's  frequent  use  of  adjectives  which 
are  derived  from  substantives  and  have  a 
participial  termination  : — 
My  hounds  are  bred  out  of  the  Spartan  kind, 
So  flewed,  so  sanded ;  and  their  heads  are  hung 
With  ears  that  sweep  away  the  morning  dew  ; 
Crook-kneed,  and  dew-lapped  like  Thessalian  bulls. 

In  *  Othello '  is  the  line  : — 

Wherein  the  toged  consuls  can  propose. 
Toged  is  exactly  the  same  as  togatus.  John- 
son, in  his  dictionary,  does  not  allow  sand 
or  star  to  be  a  verb.  But  Goldsmith,  in  'The 
Deserted  Village,'  mentions  "  the  nicely 
sanded  floor";  and  Milton  has  "starred! 
Ethiop  queen."  Such  adjectives  are  very 
common,  though  I  think  that  they  are  not 
to  be  found  in  the  Bible.  A  glaring  instance 
of  the  use  of  them  by  Johnson  himself  is., 
given  in  Bos  well's  'Life.'  Johnson  scolded 


io-s.ii.Aro.-J7.i904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


173 


Bennet  Langton  for  seeking  the  company  of 
"wretched  unidea'd  girls."  This  expression, 
however,  was  used  only  in  conversation. 

E.  YARDLEY. 

BOHEMIAN  VILLAGES  (10th  S.  ii.  86).— Spanish 
cows  must  be  gifted  animals.  Not  only  are 
they  known  in  Germany  to  reden,  after  a 
fashion,  but  their  linguistic  efforts,  however 
unsuccessful,  are  notorious  in  France:  "II 
parle  franc. ais  comrne  une  vache  espagnole" 
is  a  time-honoured  comparison.  Have  the 
cows  of  other  lands  essayed  an  alien  tongue  ? 

ST.  S  WITHIN. 

LAMBETH  (9th  S.  xii.  48,  153).— I  have  again 
looked  at  the  entry  in  Ministers'  Accounts 
2  Bic.  II.  (829,  1),  and  find  the  word  Lambeth 
so  distinctly  written  as  to  preclude  the  pos- 
sibility of  reading  it  Lambert *',  as  suggested 
by  MR.  HOBSOX  MATTHEWS.  A  fuller  extract 
will  perhaps  satisfy  him  that  it  is  a  terra 
applied  to  some  incident  of  tenure,  and  not 
a  man's  name  : — 

"Bradenasshe  Burgus:— Et  de  jd  de  novo' 

redd'  Gregorii  Peynto'  p'  quadam  plac'  t're  voc'  le 
Chirchefieme  et  de  xijd  de  redd'  i  burg'  qui  fnit 
Lambeth  accident  d'no  p1  defectu  he'd.  Ult'a  vid 
de  antique  redd'  on'  at'  sup'  dinriss'  d'co  Gregorio 
ad  yolunt'  d'ni  sic  cont'  in  rot'lis  Cur'  de  A° 
xxxiiij10  Reg'  E.  t'cii." 

Place-names  very  similarly  spelt  occur  in 
the  following  :— 

"Lands  called  the  Lamlhay,  near  Plymouth 
Fort."— Special  Depositions  Exch.  Q.  R.  No.  6198 
Devon. 

"Int.  W.  de  Stratton  RectoriR  eccl'ie  de  Hor- 
stede  Keynes,  et  Job.  de  Coloma  Rectoris  eccl'ie  de 
Lambhude."— Exch.  Plea  Roll  73,  m.  11  d.  (Devon). 

"  Rog.  Hillesdon  et  Eliz.  ux'  eius Bre'  de  nou' 

assis'  v  sus  Ric.  fil  Ric'i  Whitelegh de  lib.  tene- 

mento  in  Grymeston  et  G— legh  iuxta  Okehampton 
et  lamside  iuxta  Niweton  ferrers."—  Ibid.,  106, 
m.  22  (12  Ric.  II.). 

ETHEL  LEGA-WEEKES. 

"PONTIFICATE"  (10th  S.  i.  404).— The  first 
of  MR.  MARCHANT'S  statements,  that  this 
word  is  "a  substantive  denoting  the  dignity 
of  a  pontiff,"  is  disposed  of  by  the  editorial 
note,  and  by  the  fact  that  it  is  in  universal 
use  among  Catholics  also  as  a  verb.  His 
second,  that  "  it  can  apply  only  to  the  Pope," 
is  unwarranted  either  by  usage  or  history. 
Boniface,  Bishop  of  Carthage,  was  addressed 
in  525  as  "  Christ!  venerandus  Pontifex "; 
and  the  title  has  been  applied  over  and  over 
again,  from  the  sixth  century  onwards,  to  all 
bishops  indiscriminately.  I  need  not  multi- 

S'y   instances,    but    will   only   ask   whether 
i:.    MAIM  HA  NT  supposes    that    the    "liber 
pontificalis,"  or  "  pontificale,"  containing  the 
ceremonies  of  episcopal  offices  (of  which  we 


have  examples  so  far  back  as  the  middle  of 
the  eighteenth  [?]  century),  is  for  the  use  of 
the  Pope,  or  "  summus  Pontifex,"  alone.  It  is» 
of  course,  the  manual  of  all  bishops,  who  in 
virtue  of  their  consecration  have  the  right 
to  perform  all  pontifical  acts,  among  others 
to  "pontificate,"  or  celebrate  "pontifical 
high  mass"  —  a  phrase  familiar  to  every 
Catholic,  and  a  perfectly  correct  one,  I  ven- 
ture to  say. 

OSWALD  HUNTER-BLAIR,  O.S.B. 
Oxford. 

This  verb  is  no  neologism,  as  MR.  MARCH  ANT 
thinks,  nor  is  it  in  any  way  incorrectly  used 
of  a  bishop.  Bock,  4  Church  of  our  Fathers,' 
1849,  vol.  ii.  p.  124,  says:  "If  it  was  a  bishop 
who  pontificated,  the  deacon  and  sub-deacon 
combed  his  hair,  as  soon  as  his  sandals  had 
been  put  on  his  feet."  Du  Cange,  however, 
does  not  recognize  "  pontificare  "  in  this 
sense.  The  French  verb  "  pontifier,"  though 
not  in  Littre,  occurs  in  Bescherelle. 

In  the  rite  for  the  ordination  of  a  priest 
in  the  Boman  Pontifical  bishops  are  called 
"summos  pontifices,"  and  this  title  was 
formerly  by  no  means  unusually  applied  to 
them.  See  Catalani's  *  Pontificale  Boraanum/ 
Paris,  1850,  vol.  i.  pp.  235-G,  and  Du  Cange, 
art.  'Pontifex.'  At  present  the  term  Pontiff 
is  practically  restricted  to  the  Boman  Pontiff, 
but  such  words  as  "  pontifical,"  "pontificals," 
and  the  verb  in  question  are  vestiges  of  the* 
older  usage.  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

BIDING  THE  BLACK  BAM  (9th  S.  xii.  483; 
10th  S.  i.  35).— I  have  not  my  General  Indexes 
of  4N.  &  Q.'  here  to  refer  to;  but,  if  my 
memory  serves  me  correctly,  I  sent  to  your 
columns — some  years  ago  now — an  account 
of  the  above  interesting  custom,  in  which  I 
referred  to  a  print,  then  in  my  possession,  in 
which  the  frolicsome  widow  is  depicted  as 
riding  in  the  manner  mentioned  at  the  latter 
reference.  It  was  quite  Hogarthian  in  cha- 
racter, and  I  should  imagine  from  the  descrip- 
tion given  would  be  the  same  as  that  referred 
to  by  H— N.  The  words  cited  by  L.  L.  K.,  I 
believe,  speaking  from  memory,  appear  in 
Wharton's  *  Law  Lexicon'  or  Cowels  'Law 
Dictionary.'  J.  S.  UDAL,  F.S.A. 

Antigua, .  W.I. 

[Our  veteran  correspondent's  memory  has  not 
played  him  false,  for  the  article  he  refers  to  ap- 
peared in  'N.  &Q.'  more  than  thirty  years  ago,  vi/., 
4th  S.  xi.  423.] 

ADMIRAL  SIR  SAMUEL  GREIG  (10th  S.  i.  349y 
433,  492).— MR.  ALAISTER  MAG-GILLEAN  will 
find  a  list  of  Scotch  officers  in  the  Russian 
navy  in  Scottish  Notes  and  Queries,  2ml  S. 
iii.  5,  from  the  pen  of  Mr.  John  Malcolm* 


174 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  AUG.  27,  MM. 


Bulloch.  They  are  extracted  from  the  *  Im- 
perial Russian  Navy  List,'  which  has  been 
left  to  Mr.  Fred .  Jane  to  catalogue. 

EGBERT  MURDOCH  LAWRANCE. 
71,  Bon-Accord  Street,  Aberdeen. 

ANTIQUARY  v.  ANTIQUARIAN  (10th  S.  i.  325, 
396).  —  Before  submitting  to  the  sentence 
pronounced  upon  it,  may  not  the  culprit 
^'antiquarian  as  a  substantive"  ask  the  reasons 
for  its  condemnation?  That  there  are  still 
Englishmen  recognizing  it  as  such  even  its 
accusers  grant;  that  there  exist  in  the 
English  language  words  formed  with  -ian 
and  -arian  which  are  used  substantively  and 
adjectiyely  nobody  can  deny— e.g.,  Christian, 
vegetarian,  Carthusian,  Presbyterian,  Indian, 
Italian,  Russian,  &c.  Then  is  not  what  is 
sauce  for  the  goose  sauce  also  for  the  gander  ? 
I  have  always  looked  upon  the  tendency  of 
English  to  make  verbs,  substantives,  adjec- 
tives, even  adverbs,  uniform,  as  an  excellent 
means  to  make  it  handy.  Perhaps  some 
abler  advocate  than  a  foreigner  will  stand 
up  for  the  poor  antiquarian. 

G.  KRUEGER. 

Berlin. 

The  Society  of  Antiquaries  was,  I  think, 
originally  known  as  the  Antiquarian  Society, 
and  members  used  the  abbreviation  F.A.S. 
instead  of,  as  now,  F.S.A.  This  was  in  Wai- 
pole's  day;  but  COL.  PRIDEAUX  is  no  doubt 
correct  in  denying  that  the  society  ever 
styled  itself  the  "  Society  of  Antiquarians." 

J.   H.   MACMlCHAEL. 

I  venture  to  mention  that  the  word  "  anti- 
quary" (and  not  "antiquarian")  appears  in 
that  charming  story  entitled  '  What  will  He 
•dowithlt?'  byEdward,LordLytton,historical 
novelist,  poet,  dramatist,  essayist,  editor, 
.and,  last  and  not  least,  Secretary  of  State 
for  the  Colonies  when  Benjamin  Disraeli  was 
^Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer  and  leader  of 
the  House  of  Commons.  (By  the  way,  was 
a  great  genius  ever  more  bitterly  attacked 
during  his  lifetime  than  the  author  of 
'Pelham"?)  In  the  following  extract  two 
-characters  use  antiquary,  the  first  speaker 
being  Dick  Fairthorn  : — 

"'Your  poor  dear  father was  a  great  anti- 
quary. How  it  would  have  pleased  him,  could  he 
have  left  a  fine  collection  of  antiquities  as  an 
heirloom  to  the  nation ! — his  name  thus  preserved 
for  ages,  and  connected  with  the  studies  of  ,his  life. 
"There  are  the  Elgin  Marbles.  Why  not  in  the 
British  Museum  an  everlasting  Darrell  Room  ? 
Plenty  to  stock  it  mouldering  yonder  in  the 
-chambers  which  you  will  never  finish/  '  My  dear 
Dick,'  said  Darrell,  starting  up,  'give  me  your 
hand.  What  a  brilliant  thought !  I  could  do 
nothing  else  to  preserve  my  dear  father's  name. 


Eureka  !  You  are  right.  Remove  the  boards  ; 
open  the  chambers  :  we  will  inspect  their  stores, 
and  select  what  would  worthily  furnish  "A  Darrell 
Room."  Perish  Guy  Darrell  the  lawyer  !  Philip 
Darrell  the  antiquary  at  least  shall  live.'" — Vol.  ii. 
pp.  143-4,  Knebworth  Edition. 

The  italics  are  mine. 

HENRY  GERALD  HOPE. 
119,  Elms  Road,  Clapham,  S.W. 

WOFFINGTON  (10th  S.  ii.  88).— For  this  name 
Dr.  G.  W.  Marshall,  Rouge  Croix,  in  'The 
Genealogist's  Guide,'  refers  the  reader  to 
'  N.  &  Q.,'  3rd  S.  i.  38,  156.  A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

Is  not  this  a  variant  spelling  of  Offington 
and  Uffington,  commonly  said  to  be  Offa's 
town1?  The  Domesday  Uluredintone,  alias 
Oluritona,  now  appears  as  Werrington ; 
Ulurintone,  alias  Olurintpna,  as  Worlington. 
The  Exeter  Domesday,  in  both  the  names 
cited,  has  an  O  where  the  Exchequer  copy 
has  a  U.  Odetona  is  now  Woodington. 

OSWALD  J.  REICHEL. 

A  la  Ronde,  Lympstone,  Devon. 

BLACK  DOG  ALLEY,  WESTMINSTER  (10th  S.  ii. 
5, 118). — As  one  who  has  been  long  a  student  of 
London  topography,  the  writer  may  be  able 
to  throw  some  light,  even  if  from  afar,  upon 
the  locality  inquired  about  by  MR.  W.  E. 
HARLAND-OXLEY,  namely,  Black  Dog  Alley, 
Westminster.  He  will  find  the  alley  described 
in  Dodsley's  encyclopaedic  work  'London 
and  its  Environs,'  &c.  (London.  1761,  6'vols.), 
where  it  appears  upon  the  accompanying 
map,  together  with  Barton  and  Cowley 
Streets,  then  recently  laid  out.  Upon  the 
large  and  elegantly  engraved  map  of  London, 
in  three  sheets,  published  by  the  Homanns  of 
Nuremberg,  as  of  1736,  the  Black  Dog  Alley 
appears,  but  not  the  streets  above  named.  It 
therefore  antedates  them.  The  alley  does  not 
appear  upon  the  map  of  John  Senex,  as 
revised  in  1720,  although  the  scale  of  that 
map  is  sufficiently  large  to  have  shown  it,  if 
it  had  been  in  existence.  Too  much  stress 
cannot  be  laid  upon  this,  however,  as  the 
map  of  Senex  is  carelessly  drawn  as  to  details, 
omitting,  for  example,  such  a  street  as  Crooked 
Lane,  New  Fish  Street. 

Upon  the  map  of  Joannes  dePtam,  however, 
published  at  Amsterdam  about  1689-90,  but 
representing  a  period  approximating  to  the 
year  1680,  not  only  is  the  alley  not  shown, 
but  the  topographical  details  of  the  ground 
there  delineated  would  appear  to  preclude 
the  idea  that  the  alley  existed  at  all  at  that 
time  (at  any  rate,  as  a  passage  from  street 
to  street),  though  there  is  a  large  building 
shown  upon  this  last  map  situated  near  this 
point,  and  well  to  the  east  of  the  Bowling 


io«.  s.  ii.  A™.  27, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


175 


Alley  (Tufton  Street),  into  which  the  arm  o 
Black  Dog  Alley  leading  into  Tufton  Stree 
day  have  served  as  an  approach. 

In  an  interleaved  copy,  in  the  writer' 
possession,  of  Allen's  'History  of  London 
•(London,  1827,  9  vols.),  filled  with  most  minute 
And  voluminous  annotations  begun  about  1829 
•by  Mr.  William  Charles  Smith  of  London,  there 
is  inserted  a  MS.  plan  of  the  grounds  anc 
•buildings  belonging  to  the  Abbey  of  West 
tninster  in  the  sixteenth  century  about  the 
time  of  the  Dissolution,  with  a  transcripi 
•of  the  letters  patent  of  32  Hen.  VIII.  to  the 
Bishop  of  Westminster  for  a  large  portion  01 
the  same.  Though  no  scale  accompanies  this 
plan,  it  seems  quite  evident  that  the  ground 
afterwards  the  site  of  Black  Dog  Alley  was 
.at  the  period  last  named  a  portion  of  the 
Abbey  gardens,  lying  between  "the  great 
Ditch  called  the  Mill  Dam  "  on  the  south  and 
yarious  large  farm  buildings  or  offices  belong- 
ing to  the  Abbey  upon  the  north,  spoken  of 
in  the  aforesaid  patent  as  "  the  Barn,"  "  the 
Long  Granary,"  "  the  Bruehouse  and  the 
Backehouse,"  "the  Blackstole  Tower,"  <fcc.; 
And  it  would  appear  to  be  possible  that  the 
large  building  spoken  of  above  as  being  shown 
upon  the  De  Ram  map  of  1680  might  have 
been  a  survival  from  the  conventual  period. 
Information  upon  this  point  ought  to  exist 
•among  the  records  of  the  Abbey,  and  would 
be  interesting.  j.  H.  INNES. 

Ossining,  N.Y. 

TEA.  AS  A  MEAL  (8th  S.  ix.  387;  x.  244  ;  9th 
S.  xii.  351  ;  10th  S.  i.  176,  209,  456 ;  ii.  17).— 
"  I  take  up  my  pen  every  afternoon  to  write 
to  you  as  regularly  as  I  drink  my  tea,  or 
perform  any  the  like  important  article  of  my 
life."— Sir  Thomas  FitzOsborne  to  "  Cleora," 

September,    1719  (from    his   'Letters    on 
Various  Subjects,'  published  London,  1748). 
EDWARD  HERON- ALLEN. 

FAIR  MAID  OF  KENT  (10th  S.  i.  289,  374  :  ii 
-59,  118).— The  Maud  quoted  by  MR.  DIXX>N 
•ante,  p.  118,  was  Maud  Holland,  half-sister  of 
Bichard  II.  H.  H.  D. 

REV.  JOHN  WILLIAMS  (10tb  S.  ii.  68).— There 
is  a  short  sketch  of  his  career,  with  portrait, 
in  '  Walks  and  Wanderings  in  County 
•Cardigan,'  by  E.  R.  Horsfall  Turner,  B.A., 
which  was  issued  to  subscribers  in  February, 
1903.  John  Williams  became  head  master  of 
Ystrad  Meurig  School  in  1777  on  the  death  of 
the  founder  and  first  master,  Edward  Richard 
(1714-77).  Williams,  who  was  the  son  of  a 
blacksmith,  was  born  at  Mabws,  near  Ystrad. 
He  was  succeeded  in  the  mastership  by  his 
-eldest  son,  Rev.  David  Williams,  of  Wadham, 


Oxford.  Another  son,  John,  was  of  Balliol, 
and  took  a  first  in  classics,  same  year  as  did 
Arnold,  1814.  He  afterwards  became  Arch- 
deacon of  Cardigan.  C.  S.  WARD. 

STORMING  OF  FORT  MORO  (10th  S.  i.  448, 
514 ;  ii.  93). — I  quote  the  following  from 
Cannon's  'Record  of  the  First,  or  Royal 
Regiment  of  Foot ' : — 

"A  detachment  of  the  Royals  was  ordered  to 
form  part  of  the  storming  party,  under  Lieut. -Col. 
Stuart,  of  the  90th  Regiment.  Lieut.  Charles 
Forbes,  of  the  Royals,  led  the  assault,  and,  ascend- 
ing the  breach  with  signal  gallantry,  formed  his 
men  on  the  top,  and  soon  drove  the  enemy  from 

every  part  of  the  ramparts As  Lieuts.  Forbes,  of 

the  Royals  ;  Nugent,  of  the  9th  ;  and  Holroyd,  of 
the  90th  Regiments,  were  congratulating  each  other 
on  their  success,  the  two  latter  were  killed  by  a 
party  of  desperate  Spaniards,  who  fired  from  the 
lighthouse.  Lieut.  Forbes,  being  exasperated  at  the 
death  of  his  companions,  attacked  the  lighthouse 
with  a  few  men,  and  put  all  in  it  to  the  sword." 

The  names  of  the  men  who  composed 
Forbes's  storming  party  are  not  given.  It  is 
stated  that  the  troops  engaged  in  the  assault 
of  Fort  Moro  were  as  follows  : — 

Officers         Serjeants 

Royal  Regiment  6 

Marksmen 

90th  Regiment  8 

To  sustain  them  : 
56th  Regiment  17 


o 
8 
o 

14 


Rank 
and  FU« 
102 
129 


150 


Total    39  29  431 

I  have  no  record  of  the  90th  Regiment.  Has 
Beatson's  'Naval  and  Military  Memoirs  of 
Great  Britain  from  1727  to  1783 '  been  con- 
sulted 1  W.  S. 

GRAY'S  *  ELEGY'  IN  LATIN  (10th  S.  i.  487; 
ii.  92).— In  the  list  of  translations  in  various 

anguages  given  at  1st  S.  i.  101,  mention  is 
made  of  "  Gray's  Elegy  in  a  Country  Church- 
yard, with  a  translation  in  French  verse,  by 

L.  D Chatham:   printed  by  C.  and  W. 

Townson,  Kentish  Courier  Office,  1806." 
The  question  "Who  was  L.  D.T1  does  not 
appear  to  have  been  answered.  It  is  perhaps 
worth  noting  that  following  the  translation 
are  some  "  imitations "  in  English,  viz., 

Nocturnal  Contemplations  in  Barharn 
Down's  Camp.  By  H."  ;  "  An  Evening  Con- 
templation in  a  College.  By  D.";  "The 
Nunnery.  By  J." ;  "  Nightly  Thoughts  in 

he  Temple.     By  J.  T.  R."    In  addition  to 

he  question  as  to  L.  D.,  one  may  ask  who  the 
>ther  four  were. 
There  is  a  Latin    translation    of    a    few 

tanzas  of  Gray's  'Elegy'  in  "Anthologia 
Oxoniensis  decerpsit  Gulielmus  Lin  wood, 

I.A.,  Londini,  1846,"  No.  Hi.  p.  89.    They  are 

he  first  three  stanzas  and  the  third  of  the 


176 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [10*  s.  n.  AUG.  27,  im. 


rejected  stanzas,  which  were  in  the  original 
manuscript,  viz.  : — 
Hark  !  how  the  sacred  calm  that  breathes  around 

Bids  every  fierce  tumultuous  passion  cease, 
In  still  small  accents  whispering  from  the  ground 

A  grateful  earnest  of  eternal  peace. 
The  Latin  elegiacs  are  by  G.  S.,  i.e.  Gold  win 
Smith,  B.A.,  e  Coll.  B.  Mar.  Magdal.    The 
title  of  the  translation  is  *  In  Ccemeterio.' 
EGBERT  PIERPOINT. 

THOMAS  PIGOTT  (10th  S.  i.  489;  ii.  113).— I 
am  greatly  obliged  to  FRANCESCA  for  kindly 
trying  to  assist  me  in  tracing  the  ancestry  of 
Thomas  Pigott,  who  died  intestate  in  1778, 
thirty -four  years  before  Thomas  Pigott, 
brother  of  the  baronet,  is  stated  to  have  held 
the  living  of  Eosenallis. 

The  Kev.  Peter  Westenra,  who  married 
Elizabeth,  widow  of  Thomas  Bernard  and 
sister  of  Thomas  Pigott  (d.  1778),  may  have 
resigned  Rosenallis  in  1780,  as  he  died  s  p.  in 
1788. 

Thomas  Pigott,  of  Mountmellick,  Queen's 
Co.,  had  a  sister  Anne  Pigott,  married  in 
1730  to  Francis  Cosby,  of  Yicarstown,  stated 
in  Burke's  *  Gentry '  to  have  been  the 
daughter  of  John  Pigott,  of  Kilfinny,  co. 
Limerick  ;  but  this  is  doubtful. 
Another  (?)  Thomas  Pigott  had  by  his  wife 

Anne ?  a  daughter  Jane  Pigott,  baptized 

in. St.  Patrick's,  Dublin,  in  1749.  Was  his 
wife  Anne  a  sister  of  the  above  Francis 
Cosby  ?  There  was  also  a  Thomas  Pigott  of 
Mountmellick,  who  had  two  sons,  born  1759 
and  1764.  And,  lastly,  Thomas  Pigott,  of 
Dublin,  whose  wife  Helen  Baldwin,  probably 
of  Derry,  Dysert,  or  Summerhill,  near  Mount- 
mellick, died  intestate  in  1764,  administra- 
tion granted  to  her  husband. 

The  Baldwin  family  resided  in  the  Pigotts 
old  residence  of  Dysert,  and  on  the  expira- 
tion of  the  lease  of  the  home  farm  removed 
to  Derry  Farm,  on  the  same  estate,  then  held 
by  Lord  Carew.  Can  FRANCESCA  identify 
any  of  these  members  of  the  Pigott  family  ? 
Kilcavan  was  the  residence  of  Pigott  Sandes, 
descended  from  the  Dysert  Pigotts,  circa 
1730.  WM.  JACKSON  PIGOTT. 

LONGEST  TELEGRAM  (10th  S.  ii.  125).— I  do 
not  think  the  Glasgow  Herald's  enterprise 
constitutes  a  record.  On  17  May,  1881,  the 
Revised  New  Testament  was  published.  It 
was  printed  in  its  entirety  as  a  supplement 
to  the  Times  of  Chicago.  So  that  the  copy 
might  be  set  up  in  time  the  whole  of  the 
four  Gospels,  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles,  anc 
the  Epistle  to  the  Romans  were  telegraphed 
to  Chicago  from  New  York.  How  many 
words  these  portions  of  the  Testament  con 


;ain  I  do  not  know,  but  they  must  exceed 
'  between  40,000  and  50,000."         E.  M.  L. 

OBB  WIG  (10th  S.  ii.  50).— The  greatest  variety 
Drevailed  in  wig  fashions  and  names,  but 
'obb  wig"  is  evidently  a  mere  printer'/* 
transposition  of  letters.  A  bob  wig  was  a, 
short  wig.  "Any  sort  of  Bobs  or  Natural 
Wigs,  of  entire  clean  natural  curl'd  Hair,"  is- 
advertised.  The  following  is  a  typical  per- 
ruquier's  advertisement : — 

"That  the  same  Person  late  from  Cirencester  in 
Gloucestershire,  who  has  for  these  eighteen  Yean& 
past  sold  Perukes  at  S.  Sepulchre's  Coffee-House, 
:ias  got  for  Sale  a  large  and  regular  Sortment  of 
Perukes,  made  full  and  fashionable,  of  fresh  West- 
Country  Hairs ;  and  will  sell  full  white  Bobs  at 
21.  5s.,  full  light  grizzle  Bobs  from  II.  10*.  to  I/.  1&, 
and  brown  Bobs  at  10s.  Qd.  Most  of  the  above 
Goods  are  cover'd  all  over,  to  keep  the  Ears  warm, 
and  to  prevent  the  shrinking  in  the  Head  ;  and 
to  prevent  Trouble,  the  lowest  Price  is  fix'd  on- 
each  Peruke,  without  Abatement.— N.B.  Constant 
Attendance  is  given  at  St.  Sepulchre's  Coffee  House- 
on  Snow  Hill." — Daily  Advertiser,  1  May,  1742. 

Another  perruquier's  advertisement  ap- 
peared in  the  same  paper  for  24  March,  1741. 
Hogarth  published  in  1761  an  advertise- 
ment which  furnishes  illustrations  by  his  owr> 
hand  of  "  the  five  orders  of  Perriwig  as  they 
were  worn  at  the  late  Coronation  measured 
Architectonically."  The  names  for  the  different 
parts  of  the  varying  styles  of  peruke  are  very 
fanciful.  The  front  of  one,  for  instance,  is 
called  a  "Corona,"  "Lermier,"  or  "Foretop." 
The  top  back  part  is  described  as  the  "Archi- 
trave or  Archivolt  or  Caul,"  and  the  lower 
back  part  as  the  "Colarino  or  Hypotrachi- 
lium  or  Friz."  The  lower  front  portion  is 
called  "Ail  de  Pigeon  or  Wing."  At  the 
bottom  of  the  advertisement,  which  illus- 
trates the  style  of  no  fewer  than  twenty-four 
different  perukes,  it  is  said  : — 

"  In  about  Seventeen  Years  will  be  compleated 
in  Six  Volumes  folio,  price  Fifteen  Guineas,  the 
exact  measurements  of  the  perriwigs  of  the  ancients, 
taken  from  the  Statues,  Bustos.  &  Baso  Relievos 
of  Athens,  Palmira,  Balbec,  and  Home,  by  Modesto 
Perriwig-meter  from  Lagado." 

J.   HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

Wig  is  an  abbreviation  of  periwig,  which 
was  derived  from  the  French  perruque.  Wigs 
have  at  all  times  passed  by  various  names- 
according  to  the  fashions  of  the  day.  A 
wig-maker's  advertisement  which  appeared 
in  1724  gives  the  names  of  the  kind  of  head- 
covering  at  that  time  : — 

"Joseph  Pickeaver,  peruke  maker,  who  formerly 
lived  at  the  Black  Lyon  in  Copper  Alley,  is  now 
remov'd  under  Tom's  Coffee  House,  where  all 
gentlemen  may  be  furnished  with  all  sorts  of 
perukes,  as  full  bottom  tyes,  full  bobs,  ministers' 


io"s.ii.Au,:.-.>7,i9o4.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


177 


bobs,  naturalls,  half  naturalls,  Grecian  flyes,  curley 
roys,  airy  levants,  qu  perukes,  and  bagg  wigs." 

In  Ainsworth's  *  Miser's  Daughter'  I  find 
the  following  :— 

"I've  wigs  of  all  sorts,  all  fashions,  all  prices; 
the  minor  bob,  the  Sunday  buckle,  the  bob-major, 
the  apothecary's  bush,  the  physical  and  chirurgical 
tie,  the  scratch,  or  Blood's  skull  covering,  the 
Jehu's  jemmy,  or  white-and-all-white,  the  cam- 
paign, and  the  Ramillies." 

The  next  sentence  mentions  "the  last  new 
periwig,  the  Villiers,  brought  in  by  the  great 
beau  of  that  name." 

Holme  in  his  *  Heraldry,'  written  in  1680, 
says : —  "  The  periwicke  is  a  short  bob,  or  head 
of  hair,  that  hath  short  locks,  and  a  hairy 
•crown." 

Of  those  named  by  your  correspondent,  I 
am  able  to  describe  only  the  scratches,  which 
were  a  kind  of  wig  covering  but  a  part  of 
the  head.  The  bob  suggested  by  the  Editor 
in  lieu  of  "obb"  is  named  in  1742  by 
Laurance  Whyte,  who  says,  *'  Bobs  do 
supersede  campaigns." 

The  Ramillies  wig  of  Queen  Anne's  reign 
has  been  discussed  at  6th  S.  xi.  406  ;  xii.  35, 
•60,  115,  316.  Bishops'  wigs  were  only  dis- 
continued by  the  episcopal  bench  in  the 
House  of  Lords  so  lately  as  the  year  1830. 

EVERARD  HOME   COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

An  obb  wig,  or  more  properly  obwig, 
-simply  means  a  wig  for  the  forehead  or  fore 
portion  of  the  head. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Bradford. 

"OUR  ELEVEN  DAYS"  (10th  S.  ii.  128).— 
INI  any  thanks  ;  a  lucid  interval  has  occurred. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

EDMUND  HALLEY,  SURGEON  R.N.  (10th  S. 
ii.  88). — Edmund  Halley  the  astronomer  was 
the  son  of  a  soap-boiler  in  Winchester  Street, 
Broad  Street  Ward,  City  (Cunningham's 
*  London').  He  dwelt — how  long  is  not 
•stated  —  in  Prince's  Street,  Bridgewater 
•Square,  "a  pleasant,  though  very  small 
square  on  the  east  side  of  Aldersgate  Street" 
(Hatton,  1708,  p.  11).  See  also  Weld's 
•*  History  of  the  Royal  Society,'  i.  427.  He 
was  educated  at  St.  Paul's  School  in  the  City 
of  London,  and  died  atGreenwich,  14  January, 
1741/2  ('  Biographia  Britannica'). 

J.      HOLDEN   MAcMlCIIAEL. 

PHILIP  BAKER  (10th  S.  ii.  109).— Is  Winwick 
in  Northamptonshire  the  place  referred  to? 

B.  P.  SCATTERGOOD. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

The   Northern   Tribe.*   of  Central  Australia.     By 

Baldwin  Spencer,  M.A.,  F.R.S.,  and  F.  J.  Gillen. 

(Macmillan  &  Co.) 

UPON  the  appearance,  five  years  ago,  of  '  The  Native 
Tribes  of  Central  Australia '  of  Messrs.  Spencer  and 
Gillen— of  which  the  present  work  is  a  continua- 
tion and,  in  some  respects,  an  amplification— we 
accorded  it  a  reception  such  as  few  books  have  won 
in  our  columns  (see  9th  S.  iii.  338).  Elsewhere,  in 
speaking  of  the  season's  output  of  books,  we  assigned 
the  first  volume  the  foremost  place  therein.  It  is 
gratifying  to  think  that  the  eulogies  generally 
awarded  the  earlier  work  were  the  cause  of  the 
appearance  of  the  second.  So  thoroughly  had  the 
task  been  executed,  and  so  deep  were  the  interest 
inspired  among  anthropologists  and  the  desire  to 
know  more  concerning  the  customs  and  beliefs 
of  the  black  fellows,  that,  in  answer  to  a  formal 
request,  the  authorities  conceded  the  writers  a 
further  leave  of  absence  for  the  prosecution  of 
studies  of  the  tribes  inhabiting  the  district  which 
lies  between  the  Macdonnell  Ranges  and  the  Gulf 
of  Carpentaria.  In  addition  to  acceding  to  the 
requests  made  to  them,  the  Governments  of  South 
Australia  and  Victoria  and  the  Council  of  the  Mel- 
bourne University  took  further  share  in  the  work. 
Private  generosity  supplied  the  requisite  funds,  the 
energy  of  the  scholars  did  the  rest,  the  result  being 
the  addition  to  our  knowledge  of  huge  stores  of 
observation  and  information. 

That  the  investigations  now  described  have  been 
made  before  it  is  too  late  is  a  matter  for  congratu- 
lation. Had  they  been  much  longer  deferred  these 
results,  so  far  as  can  be  seen,  would  have  been  lost. 
It  is,  indeed,  a  singularly  happy  chance  that  the 
work  has  been  undertaken  at  a  favourable  time 
and  under  most  favourable  conditions,  the  authors — 
one  of  whom  is  a  special  magistrate  and  the  sub- 
protector  of  the  aborigines,  and  the  other  a  biologist 
who  has  dwelt  among  them— commanding  in  an 
equal  degree  the  full  confidence  of  the  natives.  So 
much  is  this  the  case  that  the  whole  of  the  obser- 
vations are  virtually  made  from  within  the  tribal 
circle  and  not  from  without.  How  great  gain 
attends  this  is  evident  to  all  who  know  how  care- 
fully guarded  are  tribal  secrets,  and  how  much 
trouble  is  taken  that  none  but  the  initiate  are 
present  at  the  performance  of  the  religious  rites. 
It  is,  indeed,  not  easily  conceived  what  privileges 
have  been  accorded,  since  in  this  case,  as  in 
previous  experiences,  the  most  jealously  guarded 
mysteries  have  been  subjected  to  the  observation 
of  the  camera  and  report  of  the  phonograph.  One 
cannot  but  think  with  regret  what  additions  would 
have  been  made  to  scholarship  had  similar  light 
been  thrown  on  the  mysteries  of  Demeter  or 
Dionysus. 

It  is  true  that  we  benefit  but  little,  in  one  sense, 
by  the  amical  disposition  of  the  indigenes,  and  that 
although  the  manner  in  which  the  rites  of  circum- 
cision, subincision,  and  the  like  are  accomplished 
can  be  read,  and  to  some  extent  witnessed,  we  are 
as  far  as  ever  from  comprehending  their  value  or 
significance.  Not  very  decent,  according  to  civilized 
views,  are  the  rites  which  are  performed  when  the 
youth  reaches  the  age  of  puberty.  There  is  nothing, 
however,  in  them  orgiastic,  and  few  things  are 
more  remarkable  than  the  care  that  is  taken 


178 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [ID-  s.  n.  AU«.  27,  IDM. 


throughout  Australia  to  screen  from  the  obser- 
vation of  women  and  children  ceremonies  to  which 
Englishmen— that  is  some  Englishmen— are  ad- 
mitted. In  the  preliminary  proceedings  in  the  rite 
of  circumcision  women  sometimes  take  part,  though 
never  in  the  actual  ceremony.  In  the  case  of  sub- 
incision  in  the  Arunta,  Kaitish,  Unmatjera,  and 
other  tribes  neither  women  nor  children  are  allowed 
anywhere  near  the  ground  during  the  period  of  its 
performance.  Messrs.  Spencer  and  Gillen  are  dis- 
posed to  believe  that  this  was  not  always  so,  and 
to  hold  that,  according  to  a  tradition  common  to 
almost  all  the  central  tribes,  women  had  once  a  much 
greater  share  in  the  performance  of  ceremonies 
than  is  now  allotted  them. 

In  a  race  in  which  almost  everything  is  remark- 
able the  influence  exercised  over  the  imagination 
by  the  belief  in  the  reincarnation  of  ancestors  is 
perhaps  the  most  remarkable.  The  belief  is  not 
confined  to  tribes  such  as  the  Arunta,  Warramunga, 
Binbinga,  Anula,  £c.,  amongwhom  descentiscounted 
in  the  main  line,  but  is  no  less  strongly  developed 
in  the  Urabunna  tribe,  "  in  which  descent,  both  of 
clan  and  totem,  is  strictly  maternal."  In  the  case 
of  childbirth  it  is  believed  that,  independent  of  all 
human  contact,  the  child  is  the  direct  result  of  the 
entrance  into  the  mother  of  an  ancestral  spirit 
individual.  Stones  in  the  Arunta  country  are  sup- 
posed to  be  "  charged  with  spirit  children,  who  can, 
by  magic,  be  made  to  enter  the  bodies  of  women, 
or  will  do  so  of  their  own  accord."  In  the  Warra- 
munga tribe,  again,  women  are  careful  lest  the  axe 
they  carry  should  strike  the  trunks  of  certain  trees, 
since  the  blow  might  detach  minute  spirit  children 
which  might  enter  their  bodies.  Superstitions 
bearing  some  resemblance  to  this  were  not  unknown 
among  the  ancients.  In  the  district  of  Port  Darwin 
there  is  a  tribe,  the  Laraka,  which  practises  neither 
circumcision  nor  subincision,  nor  even  the  practice, 
all  but  universally  observed,  of  knocking  out  teeth. 
Though  spared  the  "terrible  rite,"  the  adolescent 
youth  does  not  even  here  escape  scot  free.  He  is 
taken  to  a  retired  spot  and  subject  to  the  caprice, 
which  includes  starvation  and  blows,  of  an  aged 
man,  whose  special  care  he  is,  and  who  is  a  species  of 
Nestor  to  the  swarthy  Telemachus.  When  travelling 
together  the  aged  man  and  his  pupil  are  safe  from  any 
kind  of  molestation  or  injury.  It  is  only  in  the  tribes 
of  the  interior  of  Australia  that  the  processes  of 
initiation  may  be  observed.  Such  customs  were  at 
one  time,  it  is  held,  universally  diffused.  At  the 
present  time  the  coastal  tribes  are  either  extinct  or 
much  too  civilized  or  sophisticated  to  know  any- 
thing about  such  matters.  Little  remains  to  be 
added  to  what  was  previously  said  as  to  the  over- 
whelming amount  of  information  that  is  supplied 
concerning  totems,  magic,  and  the  strange  con- 
ditions of  so-called  consanguinity.  There  is  no 
reason  to  be  either  astonished  or  greatly  shocked 
at  the  species  of  promiscuity  involved  in  the  inter- 
change of  "  luras,"  such  having  long  been  current 
among  the  Polynesians. 

In  the  glossary  the  term  alcheringa,  or  dream- 
times,  indicative  of  the  period  in  which  lived  the 
mythic  ancestors,  is  the  most  poetical.  A  quaint 
idea,  embodied  in  no  other  mythology,  is  what  is 
called  the  atnitta  urima,  or  the  endowment  of  the 
intestines  with  magic  sight,  by  which  a  man  can 
detect  the  approach  of  a  kurdaitcha,  or  feather- 
footed  enemy,  or  even  the  infidelity  of  his  wife. 

Once  more  we  can  but  say  that  a  great  task  has 
been  splendidly  accomplished,  that  the  book  over- 


flows  with  information  of  the  highest  value  to  the- 
anthropologist,  and  that  the  illustrations  constitute- 
a  remarkable  and  a  most  important  feature. 

Slingsby  and  Slingsby  Castle.    By  Arthur  St.  Clair 

Brooke,  M.A.  (Methuen  &  Co.) 
DURING  twenty-two  years  the  Rev.  Arthur  St.  Clair 
Brooke  has  been  rector  of  the  parish  church  of 
Slingsby,  a  small  village,  one  of  many  "situated 
along  the  southern  edge  of  the  vale  of  Pickering, 
in  the  North  Riding  of  Yorkshire  and  the  wapen- 
take  of  Ryedale."  A  man  of  scientific  and  scholarly 
tastes,  with,  it  may  be  supposed,  abundance  of 
leisure,  a  geologist  and  a  botanist,  he  has  accom- 
plished the  laudable  task  of  writing  the  history  of 
his  own  pastoral  parish.  Slingsby,  which  gives  its 
name  to  the  old  Yorkshire  family  of  Slingsby  of 
Scriven,  is  a  small  and  pleasantly  situated  village 
of  some  2,570  acres,  with  a  church,  rebuilt  1869, 
containing  some  ancient  remains,  including  the 
effigy  of  a  knight,  temp.  Henry  III.,  supposed  to 
belong  to  the  Wyville  family.  It  boasts  also  the 
remains  of  a  castle  of  no  great  antiquity  or  historic 
interest.  A  Roman  road  runs  near  at  hand,  and 
from  the  upper  portions  of  the  district  there  is  a. 
fine  view  over  the  sylvan  glades  and  the  stately 
house  (designed  by  Vanbrugh)  of  Castle  Howard.. 
From  the  barrows  near  have  been  extracted  pre- 
historic remains,  some  of  them  now  in  the  British 
Museum.  Chap,  ii.,  headed  'The  Making  of 
Slingsby,  and  Slingsby  in  Domesday,'  is  full  of  his- 
torical information  and  conjecture.  Of  the  lords  of 
Slingsby  the  Wyvilles  occupy  a  separate  chapter. 
The  houses  of  Mowbray,  Hastings,  and  Cavendish 
are  also  dealt  with,  many  interesting  documents 
being  quoted.  Under  the  Cavendishes  much  in- 
formation is  conveyed  concerning  the  celebrated 
Duke  of  Newcastle  and  his  still  more  celebrated 
Duchess.  A  painting  of  the  Duke  and  Duchess, 
themselves  often  painted,  and  their  not  less  often 
painted  family,  is  among  the  many  excellent  illus- 
trations that  grace  the  book.  This  is  taken  from 
'  The  World's  Olio :  Nature's  Pictures  painted  to  the 
Life,'  an  interesting  frontispiece  rarely  found  in 
that  scarce  volume.  After  these  come  the  Shetfields- 
and  the  Howards.  What  remains  of  Slingsby 
Castle  seems  to  occupy  the  place  of  an  earlier 
edifice,  concerning  which  we  know  little.  A 
view  of  the  castle  from  the  north-west  forms  a 
frontispiece.  Others  of  the  church,  the  Mowbray 
oak,  and  the  Wyville  monument  follow.  Mr. 
Brooke  has  written  a  most  interesting  work,  which 
every  Yorkshireman  and  every  antiquary  will  be 
glad  to  possess. 

Great  Masters.  Part  XXII.  (Heinemann.) 
TITIAN'S  picture  called  vaguely  'Sacred  and  Pro- 
fane Love'  opens  out  the  twenty-second  part  of 
'  Great  Masters.'  In  this  work— one  of  the  treasures 
of  the  Borghese  Gallery,  Rome — the  greatest  of 
Venetian  masters  first  developed  his  magical  gifts, 
as  a  colourist.  An  early  work,  it  is  decidedly 
Giorgionesque  in  atmosphere.  What  it  is  intended 
to  convey,  or  what  should  be  its  real  title,  remains- 
unsettled.  As  good  an  idea  of  its  magic  as  modern 
means  of  reproduction  permit  is  conveyed,  and  the 
warmth  and  serenity  of  the  original  are  superbly 
rendered.  Not  less  rich  is  the  reproduction  of  the- 
'Portrait  of  a  Lady,'  by  Gerard  Terborch,  from 
Mr.  George  Donaldson's  collection.  The  rich 
embroidered  skirt  of  white  satin,  the  black  robe,  and 
the  exquisite  lace  "chemisette"  are  marvellously- 


10*  s.  ii.  AUG.  27, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


179 


effective.  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds's  *  The  Little  Fortune- 
Tellers,'  from  the  collection  of  Sir  Charles  Tennant, 
presents  likenesses  ofj  Lady  Charlotte  and  Lord 
Henry  John  Spencer,  the  infant  children  of  the 
third  Duke  of  Marlborough.  They  furnish  marvel- 
lous examples  of  the  painter's  skill  in  assigning  an 
elfinlike  charm  to  his  juvenile  sitters.  The  title 
seems  a  misnomer,  since  the  girl  only  is  a  fortune- 
teller. The  lad,  who  is  a  year  younger,  might  pass 
for  Puck.  From  the  Accademia,  Venice,  comes  the 
'  St.  George '  of  Andrea  Mantegna.  The  saint,  in 
full  armour,  stands  by  a  winding  road  leading  up 
to  a  fortified  city.  In  his  right  hand  is  a  spear, 
which  has  been  splintered  in  action  ;  his  left  reposes 
easily  upon  the  cross  hilt  of  his  sword.  On  his  head, 
covered  with  clustering  curls,  rests  a  species  of 
nimbus  :  above  is  a  characteristic  decorative  gar- 
land of  fruit.  At  his  feet  appears  to  be  the  dragon, 
perforated  by  the  remainder  of  the  spear,  which 
has  entered  his  jaws. 

COL.  HUNTER  WESTON,  of  Hunterston,  whose 
death  at  an  advanced  age  has  taken  place  during  the 
present  month,  was  an  old,  faithful,  and  valued 
correspondent  of  *  N.  &  Q.'  He  entered  the  Indian 
Army  in  1840,  and  was  attached  to  the  staff  of  the 
Bengal  Presidency.  He  was  for  some  years  employed 
diplomatically  under  Sir  William  Sleeman  and  Sir 
James  Outram  at  the  Court  of  Oudh,  and  was,  from 
1849  to  the  Mutiny,  in  sole  charge  of  the  operations 
in  that  kingdom  for  the  extirpation  of  Dacoitism 
and  Thuggee.  In  1854  he  was  with  his  regiment  on 
service  in  Pegu.  On  the  annexation  of  Oudh  in 
1856  he  was  appointed  to  the  organization  and 
command  of  the  Military  Police.  His  services 
in  connexion  with  this  body  and  with  the  Mutiny 
won  high  recognition. 

ANOTHER  valued  friend,  though  an  infrequent 
contributor,  was  F.  A.  INDERWICK,  K.C.,  F.S.A., 
biographies  of  whom  have  appeared  throughout  the 
press.  He  was,  as  is  known,  a  great  antiquary  and 
the  editor  of  the  '  Records  of  the  Inner  Temple.' 
He  was  the  historian  of  Winchelsea  (where  he 
long  lived),  and  wrote  '  Sidelights  on  the  Stuarts,' 
and  many  other  works  of  historical  interest. 


BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUES. 

M  I.^RS.  BAILEY  BROS.,  of  Newington  Butts,  have 
a  very  fine  copy  of  Desaguliers's  work  on  '  The 
Constitutions  of  the  Freemasons,'  containing  the 
history,  charges,  regulations,  &c.,  1723.  This  is 
exceedingly  scarce,  and  is  priced  at  9/.  9s.  It  is 
the  first  edition  of  the  'Constitutions'  printed  in 
English.  There  are  interesting  items  under 
Bibliography,  including  Bent's  and  Low's  'Cata- 
logues,' also  under  Dramatic,  Occult  Science,  and 
Oriental  Literature. 

The  list  of  Mr.  Richard  Cameron,  of  Edinburgh, 
opens  with  the  Roxburghe  edition  of  Scott,  1865, 
('»/.  it*.,   published  at  12/.  12*.    Among  many  other 
items  we  find  Skelton's  'House  of  Stuart,'  "21.  l.rw. 
Wilson's   'Memorials  of    Edinburgh,'    1848,    .'J5\. 
"NVyatt's   'Industrial  Arts,'   1851,  35*.    (cost    'Jo/.) 
a   copy  of   Gale   and    Fell,   1684-91,  21.   17*.  &l. 
Arnot's   'History    of    Edinburgh,1    I7SS;    Burns's 
'Work?,'  edited  by  Douglas,   1>«77,  -/.  15.s.  ;  a  com- 
plete set  of  '  The  Acts  of  the  Scottish  Parliament 
from  1124  to  1707,'  13  vols.,  including  index,  12/.  )•_».<. ; 
'The  Scotish  Minstrel,'  1S20-4,  li  vols.,  22*.  CM/,  (it 
was  to  this  work  that  Lady  Nairne  contributed 


some  of  her  best  songs  under  the  initials  B.  B.) ;: 
Deuchar's  '  Etchings  after  the  Dutch  and  Flemish 
Schools,'  1803,  21.  12*.  6V/.  ;  and  Drummond's  '  Old 
Edinburgh,'  1879, 45*.  Among  paintings  is  a  replica  of 
the  portrait  of  Gibson,  the  sculptor,  in  the  Scottish 
National  Gallery,  5/.  5.*.  ;  and  an  oil  painting  of  a 
mounted  escort  of  the  Scots  Greys,  4/.  10*. 

Mr.  Francis  Edwards  has  a  clearance  list  of 
books  old  and  new.  Special  collections  are  to  be 
found  under  Africa,  Alpine,  America,  India,  Egypt 
and  the  Soudan,  Cape  Colony  and  the  Transvaal, 
&c.  The  general  portion  includes  Brayley  and 
Britton  extended  into  67  vols.  by  the  insertion  of 
4,600  views,  full  crimson  morocco,  85/.  (this  copy 
cost  the  former  owner  200/.  in  1840) ;  '  The  Voyage 
of  the  Challenger,'  complete  set  of  50  vols.,, 
thousands  of  plates,  54£.  ;  Madden's  '  Coins  of  the 
Jews,'  18*.;  Hartley  Coleridge's  'Poems,'  Moxon,. 
26.?.  ;  complete  set  of  the  'Century  Dictionary,1 
9£.  9*.  ;  '  Encyclopaedia  Britannica,'  including  the 
new  volumes,  20^.  (published  at  52/.)  ;  '  The  Hermi- 
tage Gallery  at  St.  Petersburg,'  84  large  reproduc- 
tions, 151.  ;  Grose's  'Antiquarian  and  Picturesque 
Works,'  14  vols.,  russia  gilt,  1784,  5!.  15*.  (pub- 
lished at  21/.);  Borlase's  'Dolmens  of  Ireland,' 
21.  10-*.;  Kingsborough's  'Antiquities  of  Mexico/ 
9  vols.,  folio,  half-morocco,  1838,  70/.  (published  at 
2251.) ;  a  set  of '  Notes  and  Queries,'  including  the 
indexes,  1850-1902,  34/.  ;  Farmer  and  Henley's 
'Dictionary  of  Slang, 'offered  temporarily  at  11.  7*.  ; 
and  BoydelFs  '  River  Thames,'  with  over  1,000  addi- 
tional plates,  6(M. 

Messrs.  J.  &  J.  Leigh  ton  have  a  very  interesting 
list.  Part  VII.,  R-Sh,  includes  Shakespeare's- 
plays  and  works  relating  thereto.  The  illustrations - 
in  the  catalogue  are  very  helpful.  There  are  many 
illuminated  MSS.  and  fine  bindings.  It  is  only 
possible  to  mention  a  few  of  the  items :  an 
extremely  rare  copy  of  the  Salisbury  Missal,  1555, 
227.  ;  the  first  folio  of  Spenser,  1609,  1W. ;  Spenser, 
first  collected  edition,  1611-13,  8/.  8*. ;  Thomas's- 
'  Rules  of  Italian  Grammar,'  1567  (the  first  Italian 
grammar  and  dictionary  published  in  England) ; 
Richard  Verstegan's  'A  Restitution  of  Decayed 
Intelligence  in  Antiquities,''  1605,  21.  10*.  (at 
pp.  293-4  is  a  reference  to  the  name  of  Shakespeare) ; 
Turberville's  'Booke  of  Falcoririe,'  1611,  9/.  9s. 
(from  this  woodcuts  were  reproduced  by  Halliwell- 
Phillipps  to  illustrate  '  Much  Ado  about  Nothing ' 
in  his  folio  edition  of  Shakespeare) :  and  Savona- 
rola's 'Compendio  di  Revelazione,'  1495,  30/., 
extremely  rare. 

Mr.  Alexander  W.  Macphail,  of  Edinburgh,  has 
a  beautiful  copy  of  '  Le  Musee  Royal,'  Paris,  1816  ;. 
the  two  volumes,  atlas  folio,  are  bound  in  morocco ; 
the  published  price  was  100/.,  they  are  offered  at 
8/.  8s.  He  has  also  a  copy  of  '  The  Portfolio  of  the 
National  Gallery  of  Scotland,'  with  introduction 


tary  Trophies,'  Ballantyne  Press,  1896,  45*.  ;  a  set 
of  Rlackwood  to  1883,  SI.  10*. ;  '  Charles  Tennyson's 
Address  to  the  Electors  of  Lambeth,'  IS.'U  :  an. I 
Nisbet's  '  Heraldry,'  with  all  the  plates,  iSHi,  7/.  7*. 
Many  works  of  interest  will  be  found  under  Jaco- 
bite, Highlands  of  Scotland,  Burnsiana,  and  Fine 
Arts. 

Mr.  James  Miles. of  Leeds,  has  three  recent  cata- 
logues, the  first   devoted    to   modern    theological 


180 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  AUG.  27,  im. 


fcooks,  and  the  second  to  scientific  literature.  In  the 
latter  we  find  Meyer's '  British  Birds  and  their  Eggs,' 
1835-41,  very  scarce,  20/.  ;  '  The  Orchid  Album,' 
1882-97,  14£.  14*.  ;  and  a  mass  of  pamphlets  collected 
by  Piazzi  Smyth,  41  vols.,  4Z.  15s.  (the  contents  are 
•classified,  and  are  the  result  of  years  of  patient 
•collecting).  The  third  list  is  a  general  one,  includ- 
•ing  many  works  on  art  and  recent  travel.  There 
are  two  Alkens :  '  Specimens  of  Riding  near  Lon- 
don,' 1823,  12/.  12-*.,  and  'The  Analysis  of  the 
Hunting  Field,'  1846,  111.  Us.  ;  a  copy  of  Chippen- 
dale's 'Gentleman  and  Cabinet  Maker's  Director,' 
13£.  13*.  ;  Reiss  and  Stiibel's  '  Peruvian  Antiquities,' 
(61.  17*.  6d. ;  a  first  edition  of  Matthew  Arnold's 
'Saint  Brandran,'  21.  10*.  (this  is  in  perfect  con- 
dition, and  a  letter  from  Puttick  &  Simpson  is 
enclosed  guaranteeing  its  genuineness) ;  also  a 
«copy  of  the  first  edition  of  Cruikshank's  '  Life  of 
Sir  John  Falstaff,'  1858,  4/.  17-5.  Qd.  ;  De  Morgan's 
'  Budget  of  Paradoxes,'  very  scarce,  55?.  ;  several 
first  editions  of  Dickens  ;  a  copy  of  the  '  Hep- 
tameron,'  Berne,  1780,  ICtf.  10*.  ;  k  Memoirs  of  the 
Kitcat  Club,'  1821,  3/.  3*.  ;  Loutherbourg's  '  Scenery 
of  England,'  1805,  ±1.  17*.  6d.  ;  Mey  rick's  '  Ancient 
Armour,'  4/.  4*. ;  the  scarce  original  edition  of 
Ruskin's  'Stones  of  Venice,'  1851,  61.  10*.  ;  Ritson's 
4  Antiquarian  and  Poetical  Works,'  1825-33,  3?.  3*. ; 
•ana  Yarrell's  '  Birds,'  SI.  3*.  The  catalogue  includes 
•a  list  of  books  relating  to  the  county  of  York. 

Mr.  C.  Richardson,  of  Manchester,  in  his  new  list 
includes  Racinet's  '  Le  Costume  Historique,'  1888, 
18Z.  10*. ;  Miller's  series  of  works  on  Costume, 
1804-20,  121.  12*.  ;  Notes  and  Queries,  from  the  com- 
mencement to  June,  1898,  and  the  Eight  General 
Indexes,  42Z.  10*. ;  Lodge's  'Portraits,'  1823-34,  71.; 
and  Hayley's  '  Life  of  Romney,'  1809,  81.  There  are 
interesting  items  under  Lancashire  and  Manchester, 
including  a  '  Narrative  of  the  Peterloo  Massacre,' 
1819-20. 

In  Messrs.  Sotheran's  list  there  are  some  very 
valuable  Bibles:  the  Coverdale,  1535,  beautifully 
bound  in  morocco,  240/.  (Messrs.  Sotheran  state 
"that  it  need  hardly  be  pointed  out  that  Cover- 
•dale's  Bible  and  the  First  Folio  Shakespeare  are  the 
corner  stones  of  an  English  library"  ;  we  fear  that 
onany  of  us  have  to  do  without  these  "  corner 
«tones");  '  Biblia  Sacra  Polyglotta,'  from  the  Ash- 
burnham  Library,  1657-69, 35^.  ;  and  the  first  edition 
of  Cromwell's  Bible,  1539,  36/.  (Mr.  Dunn  Gardner's 
copy  sold  for  12\L,  and  Lord  Crawford's  for  11 U.). 
Thomas  k  Kempis,  the  rare  editio  princeps,  1471,  is 
priced  150/. ;  and  a  copy  of  Dante,  1477,  42/.  There 
is  a  curious  collection  of  Tracts  on  the  History  of 
Tobacco,  159  vols.,  1626-1892,  4:21.  The  general  list 
includes  Gough's  'Monuments  of  Great  Britain,' 
1786-96,  421.  (this  is  a  presentation  copy  from  the 
publisher  to  the  engraver) ;  Frankau's  '  Eighteenth- 
Century  Colour  Prints,'  edition  de  luxe,  limited  to 
•60  copies,  very  scarce,  311.  10*. ;  Boccaccio,  1757, 
121.  121.;  C[okaynel  (G[eorge]  E[dward,  Claren- 
ceux]),  '  Complete  Peerage,  Extant,  Extinct,  or 
Dormant,'  8  vols.  very  scarce,  1887-98,  351.  ;  and 
Erasers  Magazine,  1830-82,  421.  There  are  a  number 
of  books  on  Indian  subjects,  including  "  The  Sacred 
Books  of  the  East,"  edited  by  Max  Miiller,  38  vols., 
\5l.  15*.  The  works  on  Japan  and  China  include 
Leech's  '  Butterflies,'  11. 10*. 

Mr.  Thomas  Thorp,  of  Reading,  has  a  good, 
useful  general  list.  There  are  some  valuable  Alkens 
and  Ackermanns ;  Ruskin's  '  Seven  Lamps,'  first 
edition,  1849,  31.  18*.;  Champlin's  'Cyclopedia  of 


Painters,'  1888,  4.1. ;  Finden's  '  Portraits  of  the 
Female  Aristocracy  of  the  Court  of  Queen  Victoria,' 
Hogarth,  1849,  31.  15*.  ;  '  The  British  Gallery  of 
Portraits,'  Cadell,  1822,  '51. 10*. ;  Ruskin's  '  Modern 
Painters,'  Orpington,  1888,  41.  10*. ;  and  a  large-paper 
copy  of  the  Border  Waverley,  Nimmo,  1892,  181. 
There  are  a  number  of  books  at  cheap  prices  to 
effect  a  clearance. 

Messrs.  Henry  Young  &  Sons,  of  Liverpool,  have 
some  rare  and  interesting  books  in  their  illustrated 
catalogue.  These  include  Gotch's  'Architecture 
of  the  Renaissance,'  1894,  9Z.  9s.  :  Pugin's  '  Gothic 
Architecture,'  3(.  15*.  ;  and  Sir  Maxwell  Stirling's 
'  Artists  of  Spain,'  1848,  4.1.  4*.,  very  rare.  There 
is  a  subscriber's  copy  of  the  first  issue  of  the  first 
Edinburgh  edition  of  Burns,  very  rare,  1787,4?.  15*.  ; 
the  first  London  edition,  5/.  5s.  Under  Carlyle 
we  find  'The  Dumfries  Album,'  1857.  This  was 
published  for  the  purpose  of  raising  funds  for  the 
Dumfries  Institution.  The  contributions  were  by 
Carlyle,  Prof.  Blackie,  George  Gilfillan,  Mark 
Napier,  and  others.  The  title  of  Carlyle's  con- 
tribution was  '  The  Opera,'  in  which  he  writes : 
"  Yes ;  to  its  Hells  of  sweating  tailors,  distressed 
needlewomen,  and  the  like,  this  [Haymarket]  Opera 
of  yours  is  the  appropriate  Heaven."  Messrs.  Young 
state  that  "  during  a  business  experience  of  above 
half  a  century  this  is  the  first  copy  we  have  had 
for  sale."  There  are  several  valuable  items  under 
Ruskin,  including  '  Fors  Clavigera,'  a  complete  set 
of  the  original  issue,  1871-87,  51.  15*. 


ta 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices  :  — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 

Eut  in  parentheses,   immediately  after  the  exact 
eading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which   they   refer.      Correspondents    who    repeat 
queries    are    requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "  Duplicate." 

MASONICUS  ("Wooden  Pipes  for  Water").— 
There  has  been  much  on  this  subject  in  'N.  &  Q.' 
See  9th  S.  iii.  445  ;  iv.  14,  49,  93  ;  x.  421  ;  xi.  73,  112, 

loH. 

C.  F.  FORSHAW  ("Beaver  or  Bever,  a  Meal").— 
See  7th  S.  ii.  306,  454,  514  ;  iii.  18  :  and  the  quotations 
in  the'N.E.D.'s.v.  'Bever.' 

DUH  AH  Coo.  —  Inter-urban  is  duly  entered  in  the 
'N.E.D.' 


Editprial  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries  '"—Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Pub- 
lisher"— at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  B.C. 

We  beg  leave  to  state  that  we  decline  to  return 
communications  which,  for  any  reason,  we  do  not 
print  ;  and  to  this  rule  we  can  make  no  exception. 


.  ii.  AUG.  27,  i9M.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


BOOKSELLERS'    CATALOGUES    (AUGUST). 

(Continued  from  Second  Advertisement  Page.) 


Mr.  W.  M.  VOYNICH  has  trans- 

f erred  his  stock  of  Old  and  Pare  Books  from 
4,'SoIto  Square,  IF.,  to  ground-floor  premises 
at  No.  6$,  SHAFTESBURY  AVENUE, 
PICCADILLY  CIRCUS,  W.,  LONDON. 
Mr.  VOYNICH  Jiles  a  Card  Index,  grouped 
under  Subjects,  of  all  Books  in  Stock,  which 
enables  Specialists  to  turn  up  at  once  all  he 
has  to  offer  without  laborious  reference  to 
Authors. 


FRANCIS    EDWARDS, 

83,  HIGH  STREET,  MARYLEBONE, 

LONDON,  W. 

CATALOGUES  NOW  READY. 
AUSTRALASIA.    Supplement.    58pp. 
ORIENTAL    CATALOGUE.     Part  V.     CHINA,  Ac. 

ORIENTAL    CATALOGUE.      Part   VI.      JAPAN. 
FORMOSA,  PHIL1PP1NKS,  Jtc.     84  pp 

Part 


MISCELLANEOUS  CATALOGUE,  No.  273.   36  pp. 
CLEARANCE  CATALOGUE,  No.  274.    64  pp. 
Gratis  on  application. 


TRAVEL,  HISTOEY,  LANGUAGE, 

Ao.,  of  Foreign  Countries  and  British  Colonies,  extending 
to  nearly  3,000  items. 

Catalogue  of  above  will  shortly  be  itsued  by 

BAILEY    BROS., 

62,  Newington  Butts,  London,  S.E. 
CATALOGUE  No.  79 

(ART,  DRAMA,  ECONOMICS,  MATHE- 
MATICS,    MUSIC,     PHILOLOGY,     AND 
PHILOSOPHY) 

Will  be  tent  to  all  applicant*. 


THOMAS    THORP, 

Second-Hand  Bookseller, 

4,  BROAD  STREET,  READING,  and 
100,  ST.  MARTIN'S  LANE,  LONDON,  W.C. 

MONTHLY     CATALOGUES 

FROM    BOTH    ADDRESSES. 

LIBRARIES    PURCHASED. 


JAMES    MILES'S 

OLD   BOOK   CATALOGUES. 

No.  1.  OCCULT. 

No.  2.  SCIENCE,     BOTANY,     NATURAL     HIS- 
TORY, &c. 

No.  3.  MODERN  THEOLOGY. 
No.  4.  GENERAL  CATALOGUE. 

32,  GUILDFORD  STREET,  LEEDS. 


B.    H.    BLACK  WELL, 

BOOKSELLER, 

50  and  51,  BROAD  STREET,  OXFORD. 

No.  92.  SECOND -HAND  BOOKS,  classified  under  the 
Headings  of  Alpine,  Art,  Dante,  Folk-lore,  London,  Shake- 
speare, Ac. 

No.  93.  The  LIBRARY  of  the  late  Canon  AINQBB,  Master 
of  the  Temple. 

No.  94.  SECOND-HAND  BOOKS,  including  Philology, 
from  the  LIBRARY  of  the  late  Dr.  BARLE,  English  Lite- 
rature, Poetry  and  Drama.  Ac. 

V*  100,000  Volumes  of  New  and  Second-band  Books  In 
stock. 

Lifts  of  wants  will  receive  immediate  attention. 


H.   H.   PEACH,    37,    BELVOIR    STREET, 

LEICESTER,  ISSUES   CATALOGUES   OF 

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INTERESTING  BOOKS. 

NO.  5  CONTAINS 
ILLUMINATED  ITALIAN  MANUSCRIPT 

BREVIARY,    A    FEW    INTERESTING 

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PRESS,  IN  BOARDS,  AS  ISSUED. 

KELMSCOTT    PRESS    AT 

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to, 


FIRST  EDITIONS  of  MODERN  AUTHORS, 

Including  Dickens,  Thackeray,  Lever,  Ainsworth. 

Books  Illustrated  by  G.  and  R.  Crulkshank,  Phiz,  Leech, 
Rowlandson,  &c. 

THE  LARGEST    AND    CHOICEST    COLLECTION 
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NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       no*  s.  n.  AUG.  27,  im 
WORKS   BY   MISS    THACKERAY. 

"  Her  stories  are  a  series  of  exquisite  sketches,  full  of  tender  light  and  shadow,  and  soft,  harmonious  colouring 

This  sort  of  writing  is  nearly  as  good  as  a  change  of  air."- Academy. 

'ENGLISH  LITERATURE  IN  THE  REIGN  OF  VICTORIA.'— '*  One  of  the  most  delightful  of  our  novelists,  gifted  with 
delicate  invention,  charm  of  thought,  and  grace  of  style." — PROF.  MORLEY. 

UNIFORM  EDITION,  each  Volume  illustrated  with  a  Vignette  Title-Page. 
Large  crown  8vo,  6s.  each. 

OLD  KENSINGTON. 


The  VILLAGE  on  the  CLIFF. 
FIVE  OLD  FBIENDS  and  a  YOUNG  PKINCE. 
TO  ESTHEK,  and  other  Sketches. 
The  STORY  of  ELIZABETH;   TWO  HOURS; 
FROM  an  ISLAND. 


BLUEBEARD'S  KEYS,  and  other  Stories. 
TOILERS  and  SPINSTERS. 
MISS  ANGEL ;  FULHAM  LAWN. 
MISS  WILLIAMSON'S  DIVAGATIONS. 
MRS.  DYMOND. 


LIFE  AND  WORKS  OF 
CHARLOTTE,  EMILY,  AND  ANNE  BRONTE. 

THE    "HAWORTH"    EDITION. 

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io"  s.  ii.  SEPT.  s,  low.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


181 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  5,  IWk. 


CONTENTS.-No.  36. 

NOTES :  —  Wrestling  in  London  in  1222,  181  —  'English 
Dialect  Dictionary':  Nonsense  Verses,  182— Uncle  Remus 
in  Tuscany,  183— Godfrey  Higgins— Jews  and  Printing— 
"  Rupee"—"  The  Captain  "  in  Fletcher  and  Jonson,  184— 
"  Dolly  Varden  "  up  to  Date — Capt.  Falconer's  '  Voyages, ' 
185— Penny  a  Year  Rent— Y— "  Fay  ce  que  vouldras"— 
' '  Ympe  "— *  Traces  of  History  in  the  Names  of  Places,'  186. 

QUERIES  :— Britain's  Tithe  of  Fish  in  the  North  Sea- 
Marquis  Scales,  187— De  Keleseye  Family— Old  Testament 
Commentary— Willock  of  Bordley —  Humorous  Stories — 
John  Pleydell,  Spitalfields  Silkweaver  — Pliny  on  Flint 
Chippings — "  Holus-bolus  "  —  Episcopal  Ring — Mummies 
for  Colours— Authors  of  Quotations  Wanted— American 
Yarn,  188— Sir  T.  W.  Stubbs— Joannes  v.  Johannes— Cast- 
iron  Chimney-back—John  (Caspar?)  Rutland— One-armed 
Crucifix — "  Ocular  demonstration,"  189. 

REPLIES  :  —  I.H.S.,  190  —  Thackeray's  Pictures,  192  — 
Longest  Telegram  — "Saint"  as  a  Prefix,  193— Harlsey 
Castle  —  Bristol  Slave  Ships  — Rebecca  of  'Ivanhoe'  — 
Browning's  "  Thunder-free,"  193— Psalm-singing  Weavers 
— Bibliography  of  Epitaphs,  194 — Shakespeare's  Grave- 
Bacon  and  the  Drama— Martyrdom  of  St.  Thomas,  195— 
Final  "-ed  "—  Anahuac— Pamela — Irresponsible  Scribblers, 
196— Phrases  and  Reference—"  Cuttwoorkes  "—France  and 
Civilization  —  Largest  Private  House  in  England,  197— 
Broom  Squires  —  Scotch  Words  and  English  Commen- 
tators, 198. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— Ingrain's  'Marlowe  and  his  Asso- 
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Council'— The  Oxford  '  Keats '— ' Edinburgh  Review'— 
•English  Historical  Review.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


WRESTLING  MATCH  IN  LONDON  IN  1222. 
IN  view  of  the  recent  revival  of  the  sport  of 
wrestling  in  England,  it  may  be  of  interest 

;at  this  time  to  turn  to  the  pages  of  Matthew 
Paris  and  to  read  there  of  certain  encounters 
which  took  place  in  London  in  1222  when 
Henry  III.  was  on  the  throne,  and  which, 

irom  the  riot  they  occasioned,  must  have  been 
remembered  long  after  by  the  citizens  of  that 

•day. 

The  men  of  London,  the  chronicler  says,  on 
the  day  of  the  feast  of  St.  James  the  Apostle 

•(25  July,  1222),  held  a  wrestling  match,  meet- 

'ing  the  men  of  Westminster  and  the  suburbs, 
near  the  Leper's  Hospital,  an  institution 
which  had  been  founded  by  Matilda,  the  wife 
of  Henry  I.  After  a  long  contest  and  amidst 
much  uproar  on  both  sides,  the  citizens  carried 

•off  the  victory,  to  the  discomfiture  and  chagrin 
of  those  "  outside  the  walls."  Amongst  those 
who  returned  defeated  was  the  Seneschal  of 
the  Abbot  of  Westminster.  This  man  and 
his  fellows,  determining  to  revenge  themselves 
for  their  recent  overthrow  and  pondering  on 
this,  devised  a  treacherous  plan,  "  thirsting 
for  vengeance  rather  than  sport "  ( "  qui  potius 
vindictam  quarn  ludum  sitiebant").  A 

•challenge  was  issued  throughout  the  county 


("per  provinciam  "),the  prize  for  the  wrestling 
to  be  a  ram  and  the  contest  to  take  place  in 
Westminster.  The  Seneschal  meanwhile  got 
together  as  powerful  a  team  as  he  could  muster 
(  "  viros  rooustos  et  luctamine  expedites  " ) 
in  the  hope  of  carrying  off  the  day.  The 
citizens  at  the  appointed  time,  on  the  feast 
day  of  St.  Peter  ad  Vincula,  assembled  in 
Westminster,  treating  the  event  as  a  friendly 
gathering.  They  too  had  collected  a  strong 
band  and  felt  confident  of  victory. 

The  bouts  were  long  and  hotly  contested, 
one  party  and  then  the  other  gaining  the 
mastery  ("diu  et  fortiter  sese  mutuo  pro- 
sternebant").  Then  the  Seneschal,  seeing  that 
once  again  the  Londoners  were  likely  to  carry 
off  the  palm,  incited  his  followers,  who  were 
ready  with  weapons,  to  attack  the  unarmed 
citizens.  A  fight  ensued,  and  not  without 
much  bloodshed  did  the  visitors  flee  within 
the  safety  of  the  City  walls,  where,  an 
alarm  having  been  beaten  ("signo  pulsato")» 
soon  an  angry  crowd  collected.  The  matter 
was  noisily  discussed,  and  although  their 
Mayor  Serlo,  "  vir  prudens  et  pacificus,"  tried 
to  persuade  them  to  get  redress  for  their 
wrongs  by  legal  methods  from  the  Abbot  of 
Westminster,  William  de  Humeto,  the  crowd 
were  swayed  more  by  the  arguments  of  one 
Constantino  FitzAthulf,  who  urged  them  to 
return  in  force  and  to  wreck  the  ouildings  in 
Westminster  with  the  house  of  the  Seneschal, 
and  to  raze  them  all  to  the  ground.  This 
Constantino  appears  to  have  been  a  man 
of  great  influence  and  wealth  in  the  City, 
and  was,  besides,  one  of  those  who  had  been 
taken  prisoner  at  the  battle  of  Lincoln,  fight- 
ing for  the  French  Prince  Louis  against 
King  John.  Now  a  treaty  had  been  made 
with  France  by  Henry  III.  that  a  free 
pardon  should  be  given  to  all  those  who  had 
sided  with  the  French  against  John,  Constan- 
tino being  one  of  those  who  profited  by  this 
agreement.  To  return  to  the  narrative, 
"  Quid  plura  1 "  No  sooner  said  than  done. 
The  citizens  under  his  leadership  sallied  forth 
and  proceeded  to  damage  and  wreck  the 
abbot's  property,  Constantino  the  while 
stimulating  them,  and  shouting  "  reboante 
voce  "  the  battle-cry  which  was  familiar  to 
him  as  a  late  partisan  of  Louis,  namely, 
"  Montjoie  !  Montjoie  ! "  adding,  "  God  and 
our  Lord  Louis  help  us." 

Now  the  event  which  had  occurred  quickly 
came  to  the  ears  of  the  Justiciar  Hubert  de 
Burgh,  who,  collecting  an  armed  force,  pro- 
ceeded totheTower  ana  convened  an  assembly 
of  the  elders  of  the  City.  He  there  demanded 
information  as  to  the  ringleaders  in  the  late 
riot,  and  who  were  thus  concerned  in  breaking 


182 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [10*  s.  IL  SEPT.  3,  im. 


the  king's  peace.  Constantino  himself  stood 
forth  to  answer  him  ;  in  the  punning  words 
of  our  author,  "Constantinus,  qui  constans 
fuit  in  seditione,  constantior  exstitit  in 
responsione."  He  asserted  in  defence  that 
there  was  full  warranty  for  their  actions,  and 
in  fact  that  they  justifiably  might  have  pro- 
ceeded to  more  extreme  measures  against  the 
men  of  Westminster  for  their  base  treachery. 
With  regard  to  his  treasonable  cry  of 
"Montjoie!"  he  maintained  that  the  terms 
of  the  late  agreement  (ratified  near  Staines, 
11  Sept.,  1217)  protected  him. 

The  Justiciar,  not  wishing  to  infuriate  the 
people,  caused  him  secretly  to  be  arrested 
with  two  others  ;  and  at  the  dawning  of  the 
next  day  he  sent  the  three  under  the  escort 
of  Fawkes  de  Breaute  across  the  Thames. 
Here  in  the  early  morning  Constantine,  his 
nephew,  and  a  certain  Geoffrey  were  hanged, 
the  last  for  having  been  the  minister  who 
proclaimed  Constantine's  decree  in  the  City. 
Constantine,  when  the  rope  was  about  his 
neck,  perceiving  that  all  chance  of  reprieve 
was  gone,  offered  15,000  marks  of  silver  for 
his  life,  which  was  refused.  All  this  was 
carried  out  without  the  knowledge  of  the 
citizens,  and  the  execution  being  over,  Hubert 
de  Burgh  and  Fawkes  de  Breaute  entered  the 
City  with  their  troops,  and  arrested  and 
imprisoned  all  those  who  had  been  concerned 
in  the  recent  tumult.  The  latter  were  not 
executed,  but  according  to  the  leniency  of 
those  rough  days,  some  having  had  their  feet 
and  others  their  hands  cut  off,  they  were 
permitted  to  depart.  Whereupon  such  terror 
was  struck  into  the  minds  of  the  guilty  ones, 
that  many  fled  from  the  City  never  to  return. 
The  king,  to  make  a  further  example,  de- 
posed all  the  city  magistrates  and  appointed 
others. 

Such  were  the  results  of  a  wrestling 
match  in  the  reign  of  Henry  III.  The 
king  himself  lived  to  repent  the  unjudicial 
execution  of  Constantine  FitzAthulf,  for 
when  Henry  demanded  from  Louis  IX. 
the  restitution  of  Normandy  in  1242,  the 
latter  refused  the  request,  inasmuch  as 
the  English  king  by  this  execution  had 
broken  the  terms  of  the  treaty.  Hubert  de 
Burgh,  too,  suffered,  for  on  his  downfall  in 
1232  the  citizens  of  London  did  not  forget 
to  charge  him  with  the  unjust  death  of  Con- 
stantine. At  St.  Cyriac  in  1226  died  the 
turbulent  Fawkes  de  Breaute.  He  was  found 
dead  in  bed,  poisoned  by  drugged  fish ;  to 
quote  the  graphic  words  of  the  original, 
"Niger  et  fcetens,  intestatus  et  sine  viatico 
salutari  et  omni  honore,  et  subito  ignobiliter 
est  sepultus siccis  lacrimis  deplorandus." 


Thus,  like  Hamlet's  father,  was  he  sent  to 

his  account, 

Cut  off  even  in  the  blossoms  of  his  sin, 
UnhouseFd,  disappointed,  unanel'd ; 
No  reckoning  made. 

CHE.  WATSON. 
264,  Worple  Road,  Wimbledon. 

'  ENGLISH  DIALECT  DICTIONARY'- 
NONSENSE  VERSES. 

(See  9th  S.  xi.  486.) 

I  AGEEE  with^  C.  C.  B.  as  to  the  common- 
mistake  made  in  endeavouring  to  localize- 
dialect  words  too  narrowly.  The  Dorset 
variant  of  the  riddle  given  for  a  candle  (it,, 
of  course,  only  applies  to  a  lighted  one)  is  as 
follows : — 

Little  Miss  Etticott, 
In  a  white  petticoat 
And  a  red  nose  ; 
The  longer  she  stands 
The  shorter  she  grows. 

Whilst  I  am  on  this  subject  in  connexion' 
with  the  '  English  Dialect  Dictionary,'  may  I 
be  allowed  to  mention  those  verses  which,, 
for  want  of  a  better  name,  may  be  called 
"  nonsense  verses,"  and  with  which,  in  some- 
form  or  other,  this  great  dictionary  will 
probably  have  to  deal  ? 

I  have  a  note  before  me  in  connexion  with 
one  of  these,  commencing  "  I  saw  a  fish-pond 
all  on  fire"  (which  is  contained  in  a  long 
paper  on  'Dorsetshire  Children's  Games/ 
which  I  contributed  to  the  Folk-lore  Journal' 
in  1889),  which  leads  me  to  suppose  that  this 
form  of  versification  is  much  older  than 
is  generally  supposed.  In  the  Fortnightly 
Reyieiv  for  September,  1889,  in  an  article  by- 
Miss  Alice  Law,  appeared  a  verse  of  a  very 
similar  character,  consisting  of  ten  lines 
taken  from  an  old  MS.  commonplace  book 
(temp.  1667).  This  book  is  fully  described^, 
and  _is  stated  to  have  been  discovered  in 
turning  out  the  contents  of  an  old  bookcase. 
This  verse  Miss  Law  describes  as  a  "nonsense 
verse  of  extraordinary  charm."  So  far  as  I 
remember,  these  ten  lines  were  the  same  as 
in  my  Dorset  version,  only  wanting  two  lines, 
which  in  the  following  October  number  of 
that  review  Mr.  Joseph  Knight  supplied,  and* 
which  apparently  complete  the  verse.  This 
species  of  English  verse-writing,  for  the  proper 
understanding  of  which  the  punctuation  must 
be  altered,  dates  back  to  the  middle  of  the 
sixteenth  century,  in  verification  of  which' 
statement  I  would  refer  your  readers  to  what 
may  fairly  be  described  as  the  first  English 
comedy,  'Ralph  Roister  Doister,'  written  by 
Nicholas  Udal,  or  Uvedale  —  at  one  time 
head  master  of  Eton  and  Westminster  schools- 
— and  said  to  have  been  acted  before  1553j 


ii.  SEPT.  3, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


183 


but  not  printed,  apparently,  until  1566,  some 
ten  years  after  the  author's  death. 

May  not  this  play — even  if  not  written  for 
and  acted  by  the  Eton  scholars— be  the 
precursor  of  those  plays  of  Terence  and 
rlautus  with  which  Westminster  boys  are 
wont  to  delight  their  friends  at  the  present 
day  ?  May  not,  indeed,  those  very  plays  have 
been  originated  by  the  old  Westminster 
head  master — himself  the  author  of  *  Flowers 
for  Latin  Speaking,'  addressed  to  his  pupils 
— during  the  brief  time  he  remained  in  charge 
of  the  school,  not  long  before  his  death  in 
December,  1556? 

This  interesting  little  play— of  which  the 
earliest  copy  known  (probably  unique)  is  in 
Eton  College  library — has  been  made  familiar 
to  us  by  the  reprints  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Briggs 
(who  found  this  early  copy),  Prof.  Arber,  and 
others.    In  Act  III.  sc.  iv.  appear  the  follow- 
ing lines,  written  to  Dame  Custance  by  Ralph 
Roister  Doister,  which  afford,  so  far  as  I  am 
aware,  the  earliest  instance  of  this  kind  of 
writing  in  English  literature  : — 
Sweet  mistress,  where  as  I  love  you  nothing  at  all, 
Regarding  your  substance  and  richesse  chief  of  all, 
For  your  personage,  beauty,  demeanour,  and  wit, 
I  commend  me  unto  you  never  a  whit. 
Sorry  to  hear  report  of  your  good  welfare. 
For  (as  I  hear  say)  such  your  conditions  are, 
That  ye  be  worthy  favour  of  no  living  man, 
To  be  abhorred  of  every  honest  man. 
To  be  taken  for  a  woman  inclined  to  vice. 
Nothing  at  all  to  virtue  giving  her  due  price. 
Wherefore,  concerning  marriage,  ye  are  thought 
Such  a  fine  paragon,  as  ne'er  honest  man  bought. 
And  now  by  these  presents  I  do  you  advertise 
That  I  am  minded  to  marry  you  in  no  wise. 
For  your  goods  and  substance,  I  could  be  content 
To  take  you  as  ye  are.    If  ye  mind  to  be  my  wife, 
Ye  shall  be  assured  for  the  time  of  my  life, 
I  will  keep  you  right  well,  from  good  raiment  and 

fare, 

Ye  shall  not  be  kept  but  in  sorrow  and  care. 
Ye  shall  in  no  wise  live  at  your  own  liberty, 
Do  and  say  what  ye  lust,  ye  shall  never  please  me, 
But  when  ye  are  merry,  I  will  be  all  sad  ; 
When  ye  are  sorry,  I  will  be  very  glad. 
When  ye  seek  your  heart's  ease,  I  will  be  unkind, 
At  no  time  in  me  shall  ye  much  gentleness  find. 
But  all  things  contrary  to  your  will  and  mind, 
Shall  be  done  :  otherwise  I  would  not  be  behind 
To  speak.    And  as  for  all  them  that  would  do  you 

wrong 

I  will  so  help  and  maintain,  ye  shall  not  live  long. 
Nor  any  foolish  dolt  shall  cumber  you  but  I. 
I,  whoe'er  say  nay,  will  stick  by  you  till  I  die, 
Thus,  good  Mistress  Custance,  the  Lord  you  save 

and  keep 

From  me,  Roister  Doister,  whether  I  wake  or  sleep, 
Who  favoureth  you  no  less  (ye  may  be  bold) 
Than  this  letter  purporteth,  which  ye  have  unfold. 

This  letter,  read  to  the  lady  by  Mathew 
Merygreeke  as  it  is  now  punctuated,  bears  a 
vastly  different  interpretation  from  that  put 
upon  it  when  read  by  the  Scrivener  later  in 


the  same  act  (sc.  v.),   the  difference  being: 
caused  solely  by  the  alteration  in  punctua- 
tion. J.  S.  UDAL,  F.S.A. 
Antigua,  W.I. 


UNCLE  REMUS  IN  TUSCANY. 
AT  the  risk  of  rediscovering  a  matter 
already  noted,  I  venture  to  send  to  'N.  &  Q.J< 
a  curious  parallel  to  a  story  of  Uncle  Remus. 
Every  one  knows  how  Brer  Rabbit,  having, 
trapped  himself  in  the  bucket  over  the  well, 
persuades  the  trusting  fox  to  jump  into  the 
second  bucket  at  the  other  end  of  the  rope, 
and  so  to  haul  him  up  by  virtue  of  his  heavier 
weight.  This  very  storjT,  the  fox  taking  the- 
part  of  Brer  Rabbit,  and  the  wolf  that  of 
Brer  Fox,  is  told  in  the  serio-comic  poem 
'II  Morgante  Maggiore '  of  the  Florentine 
Pulci  (published  before  1488).  It  runs- 
(canto  ix.  73-76)  as  follows  :— 

La  volpe  un  tratto  molto  era  assetata, 
Kntr6  per  bere  in  una  secchia  quella, 
Tanto  che  giu  nel  pozzo  se  n'  e  andata  ; 
11  lupo  passa,  e  questa  meschinella 
Domanda,  come  sla  cosl  cascata  : 
Disse  la  volpe  :  Di  cio  non  t'  incresca : 
Chi  vuol  dei  grossi  pel  fondo  giu  pesca, 

10  piglio  lasche  di  libbra,  compare  ; 
Se  tu  ci  fussi,  tu  ci  goderesti  : 

lo  me  ne  vo'per  un  tratto  saziare. 
Risposeil  lupo:  Tu  non  chiameresti 
A  queste  cose  il  compagno,  comare, 
E  forse  che  mai  piu  non  lo  facesti. 
Disse  la  volpe  maliziosa  e  vecchia : 
Or  oltre  vienne,  e  entrerai  nella  secchfa. 

11  lupo  non  istette  a  pensar  piue, 
E  tutto  nella  secchia  si  rassetta, 

E  vassene  con  essa  tosto  giue ; 

Truova  la  volpe,  che  ne  vien  su  in  fretta  ; 

E  dice  il  sempliciotto :  Ove  vai  tue  ? 

Non  vogliam  noi  pescar  ?    Comare,  aspetta, 

Disse  la  volpe :  il  mondo  e  fatto  a  scale, 

Vedi,  compar,  chi  scende  e  chi  su  sale. 
II  lupo  drento  al  pozzo  rimanea  : 

La  volpe  poi  nel  can  dette  di  cozzo, 

E  disse,  il  suo  nimico  mortp  avea ; 

Onde  e'  rispose,  bench'  e'  sia  nel  pozzo, 

Che  '1  traditor  pero  non  gli  piacea  : 

E  presela,  e  ciuffolla  appunto  al  gozzo, 

Uccisela,  e  punl  la  sua  malizia  ; 

E  cosl  ebbe luogo  la  giustizia. 
[The  fox  one  time  was  very  thirsty  :  she  entered5 
in  a  bucket  to  drink,  so  that  she  went  down  in  the 
well  ;  the  wolf  passes,  and  asks  the  wretched  little 
thing  how  she  has  fallen  thus.  Said  the  fox, 
"Don't  bother  about  that:  who  wants  big  ones 
fishes  at  the  bottom.  I  am  taking  loaches  of 
weight,  gossip  ;  if  you  were  here,  you  would  enjoy 
yourself :  I  mean  to  have  my  fill  for  once."  The 
wolf  replied,  "  You  would  not  call  a  mate  to  these 
things,  gossip,  and  perhaps  you  never  did  so."  The 
mischievous  old  fox  said,  "Now  just  come  along, 
and  get  in  the  bucket."  The  wolf  stopped  to  think 
no  more,  and  settled  himself  all  in  the  bucket,  and 
goes  with  it  soon  down  ;  he  meets  the  fox,  who  is 
coming  quickly  up;  and  the  great  silly  says, 


184 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  ii.  SEPT.  3,  IOM. 


«*  Where  are  you  going  ?  Don't  we  want  to  fish  ? 
•Gossip,  wait!"  The  fox  said,  "The  world  is  a 
flight  of  stairs.  See,  gossip,  one  goes  down  and 
one  goes  up."  The  wolf  was  left  in  the  well : 
the  fox  then  hit  upon  the  dog  and  said  she  had 
^killed  his  enemy?  on  which  he  replied  that 
.although  he  were  in  the  well,  yet  the  traitor  did 
mot  please  him  ;  and  he  took  her  and  gripped  her 
by  the  throat,  killed  her  and  punished  her  malice  ; 
.and  thus  justice  took  place.] 

It  will  be  seen  that  even  the  scoff — 

Dis  is  de  way  de  worril  goes  ; 

Some  goes  up  en  some  goes  down, 

is  represented,  and  the  likeness  to  Uncle 
TRemus's  fable  becomes  still  more  striking  if 
we  remember  that  "gossip"  (compair)  re- 
'places  "Brer"  among  the  French-speaking 
•negroes  of  Louisiana. 

As  is  well  known,  the  '  Morgante '  is  a 
•revision  of  two  older  popular  lays  with 
interpolations.  Perhaps  one  of  '  N.  &Q.V 
•readers  could  say  whether  these  stanzas 
belong  to  the  old  material  or  are  among 
Pulci's  additions.  Anyhow  the  date  of  the 
^publication  of  '  Morgante '  fixes  an  inferior 
limit  for  the  age  of  the  fable  in  Tuscany. 
0.  W.  PKEVITE  ORTON. 


GODFREY  HIGGINS. — In  connexion  with  the 
'meeting  of  the  British  Association  at  Cam- 
bridge, it  may  be  of  interest  to  note  that  the 
last  meeting  in  the  university  town  was 
followed  by  the  death  of  the  author  of  '  The 
-Celtic  Druids'  and  '  Anacalypsis.'  The 
'D.N.B.,'  vol.  xxvi.  369,  says  of  Higgins  :— 

"  He  attended  the  meeting  of  the  British  Asso- 
ciation at  Cambridge  in  June,  1833,  returned  home 
out  of  health,  and  died  at  his  Yorkshire  residence 
•at  Skellow  Grange  on  9  August,  1833." 

W.  B.  H. 

JEWS  AND  PRINTING. — At  the  meeting  of 
the  Jewish  Literary  Societies,  recently  held 
at  Ramsgate,  Mr.  Elkan  N.  Adler  lectured 
•on  'The  Romance  of  Hebrew  Printing.'  The 
following  is  a  short  summary  from  the  Daily 
Telegraph.  In  1467  the  first  book  was  printed 
in  Italy,  and  within  the  next  few  years  at 
least  a  hundred  books  were  known  to  have 
been  printed  by  Jews,  some  seventy  of  them 
•being  now  preserved  in  the  British  Museum. 
There  were  thirteen  cities  in  Europe  in  which 
•the  first  books  printed  of  any  kind  were 
•produced  by  Jewish  typographers,  and  it 
was  established  that  before  1540  there  were 
-530  books  printed  in  Hebrew  characters  by 
Jewish  printers.  A  very  notable  volume 
was  the  polyglot  Psalter  of  Genoa,  which 
contained  an  account  of  the  achievements 
•of  Columbus.  The  British  Museum  now  con- 
tained 20,000  Jewish  volumes.  Dr.  S.  A. 
tHirsch  also  delivered  an  address  on  'A 


Survey  of  Jewish  Literature,'  in  which  he 
stated  that  the  Talmud  was  not  merely  a 
book,  but  a  literature  in  itself,  and  never 
were  so  many  editions  of  it  printed  as  within 
recent  times.  N.  S.  S. 

"  RUPEE."— There  are  certain  foreign  terms 
in  English  which  have  been  borrowed  in 
their  plural  form.  Thus  we  have  taken  from 
the  Semitic  languages  assassin,  Bedouin, 
cherubim,  rabbin,  seraphim*  and  from  various 
American  tongues  mazame,  mummychog,  pdag, 
quahaug,  scuppaug,  squash  (the  fruit),  succo- 
tash, <fec.,  all  originally  plural,  but  employed 
by  us  as  singular.  I  venture  to  suggest  that 
rupee,  which  existing  dictionaries  are  content 
to  derive  from  the  Hindustani  singular 
rujriya,  belongs  to  this  class,  and  is  really 
from  the  Hindustani  plural  rupe.  I  cannot 
see  why  the  English  in  India,  who  every  day 
heard  it  correctly  pronounced  by  natives, 
should  have  corrupted  rupii/a  by  cutting  off 
a  syllable.  On  the  other  hand,  I  find  that  in 
Purchas  and  other  old  English  works  the 
trisyllable  rupia  or  ropia  and  the  dissyllable 
rupee  were  at  first  used  side  by  side,  and  it 
seems  easiest  to  conclude  that  these  were 
respectively  the  Hindustani  singular  and 
plural,  and  that,  owing  to  its  more  frequent 
occurrence  in  practice,  the  latter  gradually 
replaced  the  former.  JAMES  PLATT,  Jun. 

"THE  CAPTAIN"  IN  FLETCHER  AND  BEN 
JONSON.  —  Who  was  "  The  Captain  "  in 
Fletcher's  'Fair  Maid  of  the  Inn'  and  in 
Jonson's  '  Staple  of  News '  ?  Dyce  and 
Gifford  leave  this  question  undetermined. 
The  latter,  in  a  note  to  the  '  Staple  of  News,' 
I.  ii.,  says,  "  The  Captain,  of  whom  I  have 
nothing  certain  to  say,  appears  to  have 
rivalled  Butter  [Nathaniel  Butter]  in  the 
dissemination  of  news,"  &c.  But  in  the 
same  note  Gifford  apparently  confounds 
the  Captain  with  Butter— the  author  with 
the  printer. 

The  "  Captain ''  is  often  referred  to.  Ben 
Jonson  has  him  again,  probably,  as  "  Captain 
Buz"  in  'Neptune's  Triumph,'  written  for 
a  masque  on  Twelfth  Night  at  Court  in 
1623-4,  but  put  off  "  by  reason  of  the  king's 
indisposition,"  as  we  are  told  in  '  Court  and 
Times  of  James  I.'  (ii.  445-6).  He  appears 
to  be  alive  here  : — 

Her  frisking  husband 
That  reads  here  the  coranto  every  week. 
Grrave  Master  Ambler,  newsmaster  o'  Paul's, 
Supplies  your  capon  ;  and  grown  Captain  Buz, 
His  emissary,  underwrites  for  Turkey. 

Of  "Grave  Master  Ambler"  I  will  say  a 
word  presently. 
In  the  'Staple  of  News,'  which  appeared 


ii.  SEPT.  3, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


185 


in  1625,  between  the  death  of  James  I., 
27  March,  and  his  successor's  coronation  on 
1  May,  the  Captain  is  dead.  At  I.  ii.  occurs 
the  following  : — 

O  !  you  are  a  Butter-woman  ;  ask  Nathaniel, 
The  clerk  there. 

Nath.  Sir,  I  tell  her  she  must  stay 

Till  emissary  Exchange,  or  Paul's  send  in, 
And  then  I  ''11  fit  her. 

Reg.  Uo,  good  woman,  have  patience: 

It  is  not  now  as  when  the  Captain  lived. 

The  last  line  is  a  parody  on  a  stock  quota- 
tion from  the  old  play  *  Jeronymo.3  The  title 
"emissary  Buz"  is  still  carried  on  in  the 
office  of  the  Staple  in  the  same  scene.  In 
Fletcher's  'Fair  Maid  of  the  Inn,'  Act  IV., 
the  Captain  is  referred  to  again  as  a  ghost  :— 

Coxcomb.  I  would  set  up  a  press  here  in  Italy, 
To  write  all  the  corantos  for  Christendom 

For.  I  conceive  you  :  You  would  have  me 

Furnish  you  with  a  spirit  to  inform  you 

It  shall  be  the  ghost  of  some  lying  stationer,  a 

spirit 

Shall  look  as  if  butter  would  not  melt  in  'a  mouth  ; 
A  new  Mercurius  Gallo-Belgicus  ! 

Coxc.  Oh,  there  was  a  captain  was  rare  at  it. 

For.  Ne'er  think  of  him.    Tho'  that  captain  writ 

a  full  hand-gallop,  and 
Wasted,  indeed,  more  harmless  paper  than 
Ever  did  laxative  physic,  &c. 

And  see  also  Shirley's  '  Love  Tricks '  (1625  ?), 
and  elsewhere  in  the  '  Staple  of  News '  and 
*  Fair  Maid  of  the  Inn.'  I  think  there  can  be 
little  doubt  that  this  act  in  the  latter  play 
is  largely  the  work  of  Ben  Jonson.  Ward 
('Eng.  Dram.  Literature')  says  it  is  "a 
posthumous  comedy  by  Fletcher,  perhaps 
finished  by  some  other  hand,"  and  considers 
the  elaboration  of  allusions  in  the  manner  of 
Jonson.  See,  for  Jonson  again,  in  '  Hollo, 
Duke  of  Normandy,'  and  also  in  *  Love's 
Pilgrimage,'  by  Fletcher. 

But  to  return  to  the  Captain.  In  a  letter 
of  John  Chamberlain  to  Sir  Dudley  Carleton, 
dated  4  Sept..  1624  ('Court  and  Times  of 
James  I.,'  ii.  473-4),  I  believe  we  learn  who 
this  Captain  was.  He  says  : — 

"  Sir  James  Crofts,  our  oldest  pensioner  at  Court, 
and  Captain  Gaitford,  our  newsmonger  and  maker 
of  gazette*,  are  gone  the  same  way." 

This  Gaisford,  or  Gainsford,  was  a  well- 
known  writer,  whose  works  will  be  found 
mentioned  in  Lowndes,  Hazlitt's  'Index,' 
&c.  His  usual  publisher  was  N.  Butter,  and 
his  last  publication  was  '  An  Answer  to 
G.  Wither's  Motto  '  (1625),  over  which  work 
of  Wither's  Ben  had  got  into  trouble.  From 
the  date  of  Gainsfprd's  death  and  from 
Chamberlain's  description  of  him  I  have 
little  doubt  he  is  our  missing  Captain,  and 
the  probability  is  heightened  by  the  likeli- 
hood of  "Grave  Master  Ambler"  being  an  ana- 


grammatic  hit  at  Master  Chamberlain,  who- 
was  an  indefatigable  "  newsmaster  of  Paul's," 
and  the  main  part  of  whose  name  supplied 
the  sobriquet.  There  is  evidence  in  a  pre- 
vious letter  of  Chamberlain's  (ii.  356)  that 
that  letter- writer  did  not  take  Ben's  part  in 
the  scrape  he  got  into  for  personating  Wither 
as  "  Chronomastix  "  in  his  'Time  Vindicated.'' 
Moreover,  Ben  dearly  loved  an  anagram. 

H.  C.  HART. 

"  DOLLY  VARDEN"  UP  TO  DATE. — I  notice 
in  the  Daily  Chronicle  of  6  August  a  police- 
case  which  would  appear  to  assume  that  the 
young  lady's  name  is  now  (if  applied  to  one), 
regarded  as  an  insult  : — 

"  In  justification  of  an  assault,  a  woman  pleaded  at 
Southward  that  the  prosecutrix  called  her  '  Dolljr 
Varden.'  *  We  know  Dolly  Varden  was  one  of 
Dickens's  most  charming  creations,'  said  the- 
defending  solicitor,  '  and  a  paragon  of  her  sex  ;  but 
to  call  a  woman  "  Dolly  Varden  "  in  this  neighbour- 
hood is  to  grossly  insult  her.'  Accepting  this  view, 
after  further  inquiry,  the  court  dismissed  the  case.'y 
HERBERT  B.  CLAYTON. 

39,  Renfrew  Road,  Lower  Kennington  Lane. 

CAPT.  FALCONER'S  '  VOYAGES.'— So  far  back 
as  28  January,  1860,  MR.  J.  H.  VAN  LENNEP, 
dating  from  Zeyst,  near  Utrecht,  made 
inquiry  in  '  N.  <fc  Q.'  (2nd  S.  ix.  66)  regarding 
*  The  Voyages  of  Capt.  Richard  Falconer.'  In 
his  query  he  states  the  difficulty  of  even  thea 
procuring  a  copy  of  this  now  extremely 
scarce  book,  and  goes  on  to  say  that  the 
Literary  Gazette  for  1838  mentions  that  in 
that  year  a  fifth  12mo  edition  was  reprinted 
from  the  one  dated  1734.  I  have  before  me  a, 
copy  of  the  sixth  edition,  published  in  1769  ; 
the'contents  of  the  title-page  I  shall  quote 
presently.  But  before  doing  so  let  me 
remark  that  the  early  popularity  of  the  book 
has  veritably  thumbed  it  out  of  existence, 
and  this  is  evident  from  the  fact  that  in  1838- 
the  edition  reprinted  in  that  year  was  de- 
signated the  fifth.  The  existence  of  the 
sixth  edition,  issued  in  1769,  could  not  then- 
have  been  known.  The  wording  of  the  title- 
page  of  the  latter  reads  :— 

"The  Voyages,  Dangerous  Adventures,  And 
Imminent  Escapes  of  Capt.  Richard  Falconer. 
Containing  The  Laws,  Customs,  and  Manners  off 
the  Indian*  in  America;  his  Shipwrecks:  his- 
marrying  an  Indian  Wife  ;  his  remarkable  Escape- 
from  the  Island  of  Dominico,  &c.  Intermixed  with 
The  Voyages  and  Adventures  of  Thomas  Randal, 
of  Cork,  Pilot ;  with  his  Shipwreck  in  the  Baltick, 
being  the  only  Man  that  escaped  ;  his  being  taken 
by  the  Indian*  of  Virginia,  &c.  and  an  Account  of 
his  Death.  [Four  lines  quoted  from  Waller.]  The 
Sixth  Edition,  Corrected.  To  which  is  added,  A 
Great  Deliverance  at  Sea,  by  W.  Johnson,  D.D. 
Chaplain  to  his  Majesty.  London  :  Printed  for 
G.  Keith  in  Gracerhurch-Mreet,  and  F.  Blyth, 
No.  87.  Cornhill.  170!).  ' 


186 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  SEPT.  s,  1901. 


The  copy  in  my  hands  has  the  book-plate 
•(with  his  arms)  of  "Richard  Henry  Roun- 
-dell,"  together  with  his  autograph  in  full  in 
a  fine,  clear,  flowing  hand.  I  learn  from 
Burke's  '  Landed  Gentry,'  1900  (p.  1370),  that 
this  gentleman  was  descended  from  a  very 
old  Yorkshire  family.  He  was  born  on 
14  December,  1776,  and  died  unmarried  on 
26  August,  1851.  In  1835  he  filled  the  posi- 
tion of  High  Sheriff  of  the  county  of  York, 
.and  at  the  same  time  was  a  J.P.  and  D.L. 
He  succeeded  his  father  in  the  occupancy  of 
the  family  estate  of  Gladstone,  co.  York  ;  and 
.as  he  died  unmarried  his  next  brother  entered 
into  possession.  My  copy  of  the  book  is 
really  a  fine  one,  bound  in  full  tree-calf, 
elaborately  tooled.  It  is  accompanied  by  an 
excellent  engraved  frontispiece  (no  engraver's 
name  given)  representing  the  incident  of 
"The  Author  revenges  the  Death  of  his 
Indian  Wife  by  killing  Two  of  the  Three 
Indians  that  attack'd  them."  A.  S. 

PENNY  A  YEAR  RENT.— In  the  Daily  Mail 
of  Saturday,  16  April,  there  appeared  the 
following  paragraph,  which  seems  worth 
preservation.  It  states  that 
"Mr.  Thomas  Andrews,  a  builder,  who  claimed 
:3,465£.  from  the  London  School  Board  in  respect 
to  some  houses  in  New  Road,  Hampstead,  was 
yesterday  awarded  9251.  by  a  special  jury  in  the 
London  Sheriff's  Court.  It  was  stated  that  the 
premises,  now  let  put  in  tenements,  were  at  one 
time  part  of  the  ancient  manor  house  at  Hampstead. 
In  March,  1898,  Mr.  Andrews  bought  the  tenements, 
which  were  at  the  time  condemned  by  the  London 
County  Council,  for  2001. ,  and  practically  rebuilt 
them  at  a  cost  of  90W.  He  said  that  he  paid  the 
lord  of  the  manor  a  rental  of  \d.  a  year,  and  was 
-entitled  to  two  free  lunches  as  a  tenant." 

The  matter  here  mentioned  may  be  of  some 
use  to  future  writers   on    Hampstead  topo- 
graphy. W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY. 
Westminster. 

Y.— In  'Rules  for  Compositors  and  Readers 
at  the  University  Press,  Oxford,'  there  is 
•much  to  disturb  convictions  not  restless 
heretofore.  The  English  spellings,  we  are 
assured,  have  been  revised  by  Dr.  J.  A.  H. 
Murray,  and  lo !  he  gives  countenance  to 
tyro.  If  there  was  one  thing  that  the 
Saturday  fieview,  in  its  day  of  power,  insisted 
on— and  were  there  not  many  ?— it  was  that 
-everybody  who  knew  anything  ought  to 
write  tiro;  and  did  not  Dr.  W.  W.  Skeat 
.assert,  in  his  'Etymological  Dictionary  of 
the  English  Language'  (1882),  that  the 
word  was  "Always  grossly  misspelt  tyro  "1 
Is  it  possible  that  these  doctors  disagree? 
or  has  the  Cambridge  professor  changed  his 
mind] 


The  following  note,  which  I  cut  from  the 
Pall  Mall  Gazette  of  16  July,  is  relevant  to 
my  subject,  though  the  writer  of  it  is  not  in 
accordance  with  the  ruling  of  the  chief 
editor  of  the' H.E.D.':- 

"  WHY?— It  is  a  hasty  and  ill-advised  saying  that 
it  is  foolish  to  disagree  with  the  wise.  It  all 
depends  upon  how  you  spell  them.  And  all  except 
an  ignoramus  will  disagree  very  thoroughly  with 
the  offensive  and  obtrusive  ?/'s  which  are  always 
forcing  their  uncalled-for  and  unjustifiable  presence 
upon  us.  You  cannot  pass  a  hostelry  or  enter  a 
restaurant  (note  the  nice  discrimination  shown  in 
the  choice  of  verbs)  without  seeing  an  advertise- 
ment of  cyder,  always  spelt  with  a  y,  which,  of 
course,  has  no  right  whatever  there.  It  is  no 
excuse  for  an  erudite  publican,  if  there  be  one,  to 
tell  us  that  old  Wycliffe  spelt  the  word  *  sydyr,'  for 
Wycliffe  and  his  contemporaries  could  not,  in  the 
modern  schoolboy's  phrase,  spell  for  toffee;  but  it 
seems  that  even  journalists  mis-spell,  for  on  taking 
up  an  evening  paper  the  other  night — it  was,  I 
admit,  a  halfpenny  one— I  came  across  the  following 
abominations  in  one  issue:  'Cyder,'  'cypher,' 
'Sydney'  (as  a  Christian  name),  and  'Sybil.'  For 
the  reversal  of  the  vowels  in  this  latter  name  it  is 
to  be  feared  Disraeli  is  largely  responsible,  for  it 
was  thus  he  inis-spelt  the  title  of  his  celebrated 
novel,  and  it  is  said  he  always  refused  to  alter  the 
spelling.  *  Tyro '  is  how  the  literary  one  generally 
and  incorrectly  spells  himself,  and  many  a  lady 
novelist  introduces  us  to  a  *  syren.'  Last,  and 
most  amazing  of  all,  the  erudite  Daily  Chronicle 
writes  of  Mr.  Chamberlain's  'sphynx  like  expression 
of  imperturbability.'  After  that  a  deluge  of  ?/'s  may 
be  expected,  and  we  shall  know  why.  M.  S." 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

"FAY  CE  QUE  VOULDRAS.'' — The  following 
couplet  appears  in  "Monumenta  Sepulcralia 
et  Inscriptiones  Publicse  Privatseque  Ducatus 
Brabantise.     Franciscus  Sweertius  F.   poste- 
ritati  collegit,  Antverpise,  1613,"  p.  290  :— 
Fay  tout  ce  que  tu  vouldras 
Avoir  faict,  quand  tu  mourras. 

It  is  at  the  end  of  the  epitaph  in  memory  of 
Cardot  de  Bellengues,  "  cantorum  egregius," 
born  at  Roan  in  1380,  died  1470.  Its  moral 
differs  from  the  rule  of  the  monks  of  Thelema, 
but  the  first  line  is  almost  the  same  verbally. 
It  is  s.v.  '  Bruxellensia.' 

ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

"YMPE." — William  Wellys,  of  Faversham, 
by  his  will  proved  13  May,  1474,  in  the  Arch- 
deacon's Court  at  Canterbury,  left  to  his  son 
Simon  "  a  parcel  of  ground  from  the  stone 
wall  next  unto  the  street,  unto  a  young 
ympe  there  growing."  The  word  occurs  in 
'  Piers  the  Plowman,'  meaning  a  shoot 
grafted  in.  ARTHUR  HUSSEY. 

[See  the  quotations  under  'Imp'  in  '  N.E.D.'] 

'TRACES  OF  HISTORY  IN  THE  NAMES  OF 
PLACES  ' — It  seems  hardly  fair  to  criticize  a 
work  on  place-names  dated  so  far  back  as 


ii.  SKIT.  3, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


187 


1872 ;  but  as  I  find,  to  my  surprise,  that  Flavell 
Edmunds's  book  is  seriously  appealed  to  as 
AD  "authority,"  ante,  p.  113,  it  is  proper  to 
warn  all  whom  it  may  concern  that  it  con- 
tains a  perfectly  hopeless  mixture  of  in- 
accurate statements.  Any  one  who  knows 
the  elements  of  philology  can  form  a  judg- 
ment from  the  following  examples  : — 

1.  "  Conger-,  from  A.S.  cyninga,  belonging  to  the 
«mg.^  Ex.  Congers-ton  (Leices.)." 

2.  "  Eagle ;  Eng.   from  «-<jl,  a  young  shoot,  also 
adopted  as  the  name  of  a  man.     Ex.  Eagle's  cliff." 

3."Ender;  Eng.  perhaps  from  King  Penda. 
Ex.  Ender-by,  Penda's  abode." 

4.  **  Gill,  a  narrow  glen  ;  perhaps  from  W.  gijll, 
the  hasel-tree,  which  grows  in  such  places.  Common 
in  Lumb.  and  Westmoreland." 

5.  "Harrow;  Eng.  and  Dan.;  from  heah,  high, 
•and  hoe,  a  hill." 

Ai^/'-™"»*coJ  En£-  from  haran-ey,  the  pool  of 
the  hares." 

It  is  difficult  to  realize  the  mental  con- 
dition of  those  who  can  swallow  such  state- 
ments as  these,  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

GREAT  BRITAIN'S  TITHE  OF  FISH  ix  THE 
NORTH  SEA.— 

1.  "  England  had  long  claimed  as  her  prerogative 
ft  tenth  part  of  the  Ji*h  caught  in  the  North  Sea, 
which  proved  most  vexatious  to  Holland,  whose 
commercial  and  military  existence  depended  chiefly 
upon  her  North  Sea  fisheries,  being  also  the 
national  nurseries  for  her  navy.  Holland  had 
commuted  her  tish  tithes  for  an  annual  payment  of 
30,000'.  ,  ' 


Charles  L,  through  his  admiral  the 
Earl  of  Northumberland,  in  1630  compelled 
her  to  pay,  as  well  as  another  30,0001.  a  year, 
to  fish  off  the  western  coast  of  Ireland. 
(According  to  other  historians,  Holland's 
North  Sea  payments  were  20,000  "florins,"  or 
perhaps  150,000  dollars,  a  year  to  the  British 
Government.) 

"About  1651  the  payment  of  these  tithes  by 
Jlland  to  the  British  Government  had  fallen  into 
arrears,  and  as  at  that  period  Holland's  maritime 
commerce  largely  exceeded  that  of  England,  the 
Dutch  thought  it  a  favourable  moment  for  forcibly 
contesting  the  '  rights  '  of  the  island  power.  How- 
ever, Crom  well's  great  general  -  at  -  sea,  Robert 
Blake,  thoroughly  defeated  the  Dutch  Navy  in 
Joo3. 

m  As  regards  England's  tithe  of  fish  caught 
in  the  North  Sea  by  foreigners,  my  authority 
for  this  statement  is  taken  from  'Twelve 
British  Admirals,'  in  an  able  article  on  Blake's 


life  by  Commander  the  Hon.  Henry  N.  Shore, 
R.N.,  reprinted  from  the  Navy  League  Journal, 
1904. 

Present  circumstances  preventing  my  con- 
sulting literary  references  in  the  British 
Museum  and  elsewhere,  I  should  be  appre- 
ciatively grateful  for  the  full  history,  origin, 
and  practice  of  England's  former  claim  to  a 
tithe  of  all  fish  caught  in  the  North  Sea  by 
foreign  fishermen,  and  all  other  matters  in 
respect  to  the  enforcement  of  this  fish  tithe 
from  foreign  vessels  in  the  North  and  other 
Seas. 

2.  Were  similar  claims  made  for  the  other 
(now)    extra-territorial  waters    surrounding 
the  British   Isles,   as  the  Channel,  and  the 
seas  around   the   Irish,  Welsh,  and    Scotch 
coasts,    so    long    known    to   historians  and 
lawyers  from  Great  Britain's   claim  to  the 
"sovereignty    of     the    Narrow    Seas"    or 
"  Britain's  four  Narrow  Seas  "? 

3.  Did   the  Holy  Roman    Empire  (which 
ended  in  1806),  the  Hanseatic  cities,  or  other 
portions  of  what  is  now  the  German  Empire, 
at  any  period  pay  this  fish  tithe  to  the  British 
Government  ? 

4.  Is  it  true  that  James  I.   claimed   the 
Arctic  whaling  seas  off  Spitzbergen  as  the 
"  Dominium  Maris  "  of  Great  Britain  (whose 
monopoly  to  fish  all  over  the  sea  was  perhaps 
first  claimed    by  Edward  I.  in   1295)?     It 
appears  that  from  1612  to  1618  the  English 
and  Dutch  whaling  and  military  fleets  had 
many    conflicts    at    Spitzbergen,    in    which 
usually  the  English  were  victorious. 

From  1615  to  1635  the  Danes  claimed  the 
exclusive  right  to  fish  and  whale  off  Green- 
land and  Iceland,  but  they  were  too  weak 
at  sea  to  enforce  their  claims  against  the 
stronger  maritime  powers  of  England  and 
Holland. 

Where  are  the  most  reliable  accounts  of 
these  fishery  fights  in  Northern  Europe  to  be 
found  ?  J.  LAWRENCE  HAMILTON,  M.R.C.S. 

30,  Sussex  Square,  Brighton. 

MARQUOIS  SCALES.  —  The  apparatus  for 
drawing  equidistant  parallel  lines,  variously 
known  as  marquois  scales,  marquois  scale  and 
triangle,  and  marquois  rulers,  is  said  in  some 
English  dictionaries  to  have  been  invented 
by  "an  artist  named  Marquoi."  The  spelling 
"  Marquoi's  ruler  "  is  adopted  in  the  'Century 
Dictionary,'  though  in  books  where  the 
instrument  is  mentioned  the  word  commonly 
appears  as  marquois,  with  small  initial  and 
without  the  apostrophe.  I  should  be  glad  to 
know  whether  there  is  any  evidence  that 
Marquoi  was  a  real  person.  In  the  absence 
of  any  known  facts  as  to  the  history  of  the 


188 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  n.  SEPT.  3,  igoi. 


word,  it  would  be  plausible  to  regard  it  as  a 
corruption  of  the  French  marquoir,  which 
occurs  in  the  sense  of  "a  sort  of  ruler  used 
by  tailors  "  (Hatzfeld  and  Darmesteter,  '  Dic- 
tionnaire  General '),  and  which  in  its  etymo- 
logical sense  might  conceivably  have  been 
applied  to  the  drawing  instrument.  The 
earliest  example  I  have  of  the  word  is  from 
a  mathematical  instrument  maker's  cata- 
logue of  1834  ;  any  older  instances  would  be 
acceptable.  HENEY  BRADLEY. 

Clarendon  Press,  Oxford. 

DE  KELESEYE  OR  KELSEY  FAMILY.— I  wish 
for  any  mention  of  the  family  of  De  Keleseye 
or  Kelsey,  who  had  two  stained-glass  windows 
erected  to  their  memory  in  St.  Mary  Magda- 
lene, Milk  Street.  The  windows  were  after- 
wards placed  in  St.  Laurence,  Jewry. 

S.  GORDON. 

OLD  TESTAMENT  COMMENTARY.  —  I  should 
be  obliged  if  any  of  your  readers  could  supply 
me  with  the  name  of  any  modern  commentary 
on  the  Old  Testament  written  from  a  purely 
secular  point  of  view,  and  dealing  with  the 
various  historical,  ethnological,  and  critical 
questions  in  the  light  of  modern  discoveries. 

A.  B. 

WlLLOCK  OF  BpRDLEY,  NEAR  SETTLE,  YORKS. 

—Any  information  respecting  this  old  York- 
shire family  and  its  present  representatives 
will  be  gratefully  received.      W.  E.  KING. 
Donhead  Lodge,  Salisbury. 

HUMOROUS  STORIES.—!.  Where  can  I  find 
the  humorous  story  entitled  '  For  One  Night 
Only'?  This  story  deals  with  an  Irishman 
whose  duty  it  was  one  evening  at  a  ball  to 
take  charge  of  and  look  after  the  hats  of  a 
number  of  gentlemen.  Some  of  the  hats 
given  him  were  opera  ones,  the  rest  were 
ordinary  silk  hats.  After  a  while,  being 
pushed  for  room,  he  decides  to  "  squash  "  the 
top  silk  hats  (which  he  thinks  their  owners 
omitted  to  do). 

2.  I  am  also  in  search  of  a  humorous  story 
entitled  *  The  Cornish  Jury.'  B.  J.  PRIOR. 

JOHN  PLEYDELL,  SPITALFIELDS  SILKWEAVER, 
B.  1765. — Can  any  one  inform  me  to  which 
branch  of  the  said  family  he  belonged,  as  I 
find  no  mention  of  his  name  in  pedigrees  1 

W.  MORTIMER. 

PLINY:  FLINT  CHIPPINGS  IN  BARROWS.— 
Bateman,  in  his  *  Vestiges  of  the  Antiquities 
of  Derbyshire,'  p.  32,  says:  "Fosbrooke,  on 
the  authority  of  Pliny  and  Gough,  tells  us 
that  the  northern  nations  deemed  them  [flint 
chippings]  efficacious  in  confining  the  dead 
to  their  habitations."  I  should  be  much 


obliged  if  some  reader  would  quote  the- 
passage  in  Pliny,  as  I  cannot  find  it. 

S.  O.  ADDY. 

[The  passage  you  seek  seems  to  be  in  the  seven- 
teenth chapter  of  the  thirty -sixth  book.  Se& 
Holland's  translation  of  '  Plihie's  Naturall  His- 
torie,'  vol.  ii.  p.  587,  ed.  1601.] 

"  HOLUS-BOLUS."—  The  Times,  in  an  article 
on  '  The  Troubles  of  a  Labour  Cabinet,'  has- 
the  following  sentence  :  "  However,  it  is  not 
likely  that  in  the  House's  present  temper  it 
will  carry  the  clauses  holus-bolus."  What  is- 
the  derivation  of  the  italicized  word  1 

C.  McL.  CAREY. 

[A  mock-Latinization  of  whole  bolus,  or  of  an- 
assumed  Greek  6'Aos  /ftoAo?,  "whole  lump  "=alL 
in  a  lump,  all  at  once  ('  N.E.D.').  See  also  *  Eng_ 
Dial.  Diet.'] 

EPISCOPAL  RING.— Particulars  are  sought 
of  a  thirteenth-century  episcopal  ring  found 
in  1866  in  a  field  at  Sibbertoft,  in  North- 
amptonshire. Where  is  it  now  1 

T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 

Lancaster. 

MUMMIES  FOR  COLOURS.  —  The  following 
appeared  in  the  Daily  Mail  of  30  July  :— 

"  We  are  badly  in  want  of  one  [a  mummy]  at  a 
suitable  price,  but  find  considerable  difficulty  in- 
obtaining  it.  It  may  appear  strange  to  you,  but 
we  require  our  mummy  for  making  colour.' 

Can  any  contributor  throw  light  on,  _  or 
give  references  to  any  works  connected  with, 
the  subject  1  S. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED.  —  I 
wish  to  identify  the  following.  I  think  the- 
first  two  are  from  Victor  Hugo  :— 

1.  Genius  is  a  promontory  jutting  out  into  the- 
infinite. 

2.  Nothing  is   so  stifling   as   Cor  "  more  stifling: 
than")  perpetual  (or  "complete")  symmetry. 

3.  To  build  a  bridge  of  gold  (or  silver)  for  a  flying: 
enemy. 

In  a  note  on  Macaulay's  'Warren  Hastings ' 
a  recent  editor  says,  "  This  phrase  is  said  to- 
have  been  first  used  by  Philip  of  Macedon  in 
his  war  with  the  Athenians."  I  have  been 
unable  to  find  any  reference  for  this  state- 
ment in  the  classics  within  my  reach.  Could 
some  reader  of  '1ST.  &  Q.'  give  the  origin 
of  the  phrase,  or  an  early  reference  to  it?' 
I  am  aware  of  references  in  Rabelais, 
'Don  Quixote,'  Massinger,  Frontinus,  andj 
Guicciardini :  but  none  of  these  is  what  I 
want.  H.  K.  ST.  J.  S. 

AMERICAN  YARN.— Can  any  reader  inform 
me  of  the  title  and  source  of  a  humorous- 
recitation,  probably  American,  in  which  a 
narrator  of  "tall  stories"  tells  how  he  met, 


io-  s.  ii.  SKIT.  3,  i9o».]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


189 


a  shipwrecked  mariner  floating  on  a  hencoo; 
off   Cape  Horn]    At  the   end   of    his    tal 
another  man,  who  had  wagered  he  will  ca; 
his  story,  interposes  :— 
Now  all  that  Captain has  said,  corroborate 

can, 
And  for  the  best  of  reasons — because  I  was  tha 

man. 
And  if  you  don't  believe  it,  I  can  prove  it,  as  yo 

see, 
For  here's  the  empty  matchbox  that  the  Captain 

gave  to  me ! 

R.  W.  B. 

SIR  T.  W.  STUBBS.    (See  2nd  S.  xi.  156,  238 
255.)— In  the  memoirs  of  Field-Marshal  th 
Duke  de  Saldanha  by  the  Conde  du  Carnota 
(1880),   General   Sir  Thomas  Stubbs  is  fre 
quently  referred  to,  as  on  p.  189  :  "  Genera 
Stubbs  was  at  Oporto,  commandant  of  the 
place  "  (28  June,  1828). 

In  1833  Saldanha  left  Paris,  and  arrived 
in  London  on  4  January.  On  the  9th  he 
started  for  Falmouth,  in  company  with 
General  Stubbs  and  his  aide-de-camp. 

Again,  at  p.  326  (23  Aug.,  1833),  Saldanha 
writes  from  Oporto  :— 

"My  duty  calls  me  to  the  capital.  The  pleasing 
certainty  that  you  do  justice  to  my  feelings  renders 
it  unnecessary  for  me  to  say  how  much  I  feel  the 
separation.  If  anything  can  lessen  my  regret,  it 
is  the  reflection  that  Lieutenant-General  Stubbs, 
whom  I  leave  in  command,  and  his  chief  of  the 
Staff,  Col.  Pacheco,  take  the  same  interest  in  your 
glory  and  welfare  as  I  do." 

SIR  JOHN  SCOTT  LILLIE,  writing  to '  N.  &  Q.' 
(at  the  last  reference)  in  1861,  states  that 
Sir  Thomas  Stubbs,  who  married  a  Portu- 
guese lady,  had  been  dead  about  twenty 
years. 

I  am  desirous  of  ascertaining  the  name  of 
the  lady,  if  any  issue,  and  the  date  when 
Sir  Thomas  died.  RICHD.  J.  FYNMORE. 

JSandgate,  Kent. 

JOANNES  v.  JOHANNES.  —  Which  is  the 
correct  way  of  spelling  this  Christian  name? 
As  it  is  my  own,  I  feel  some  interest  in  the 
question.  The  Bishop  of  Norwich  signs 
himself  Joh.  Nor  vie.  The  Registrar  of  the 
University  of  Oxford  tells  me  that  it  is 
Joannes,  and  not  Johannes,  and  in  the  latter 
form  it  used  to  be  printed  in  the  'Nomina 
Examinandorum  '  of  former  years. 
Who  can  decide  when  doctors  disagree, 
And  soundest  casuists  doubt  like  you  and  me  ? 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

CAST-IRON  CHIMNEY-BACK.— Affixed  to  the 
front  wall  of  a  house  in  Farringdon  Road  is  a 
cast-iron  chimney-back,  with  what  appear 
to  be  the  arms  of  New  borough,  three  fleurs- 
de-lis,  two  and  one,  supported  by  two  lions, 
gorged  and  charged.  The  chimney-back  has 


every  appearance  of  having  been  the  product 
of  one  of  the  numerous  founders  formerly  in 
the  Weald  of  Sussex,  and  probably  dates 
from  the  beginningof  the  seventeenth  century. 
I  am  anxious  to  obtain  some  suggestion  as  to 
the  original  position  of  the  chimney-back, 
the  present  owner  having  no  information  on 
the  subject. 

In  the  *  Sussex  Arch.  Coll.,'  ii.  188,  is  a 
drawing  of  a  chimney-back  at  Riverhall, 
near  Wadhurst,  probably  belonging  to  the 
early  part  of  the  sixteenth  century.  Beside 
the  royal  arms — France  and  England  quar- 
terly, with  supporters — and  the  Tudor  badge 
of  the  rose  ana  crown,  four  times  repeated, 
it  exhibits  a  crowned  shield,  charged  with 
the  initials  E.  H.,  probably  those  of  the 
original  proprietor.  JOHN  HEBB. 

JOHN  (CASPAR?)  RUTLAND. — Among  the 
entries  on  p.  606  of  Migne's  *  Dictionnaire 
de  Bibliographic,'  vol.  i.,  I  find  the  following:— 

"  Loci  communes  theologici  qui  hodie  potissimum 
in  controversia  agitantur.  Auctore  J.  C.  Rutlando. 
Colonise,  1560,  in-8." 

il  Loci  communes  theologici.  Auctore  Gasp.  Rut- 
lando. Parisiis,  1573,  in-8." 

Dodd,  in  his  'Church  History,'  ii.  84,  says 
that  John  Rutland  was  an  English  priest 
who  went  abroad  at  the  accession  of  Eliza- 
beth, and  became  chaplain  to  the  Emperor 
Ferdinand  and  pastor  of  St.  John's  at  Worms. 
According  to  Dodd,  Rutland's  'Loci  Com- 
munes '  was  published  in  1560  at  Antwerp 
(not  Cologne),  and  he  was  also  the  author  of 
a  '  Tractatus  de  Septem  Sacramentis.'  Of 
this  latter  work  Dodd  gives  neither  the  place 
nor  date  of  publication.  Any  information 
about  Rutland  or  his  works  would  be  welcome. 
JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

ONE-ARMED  CRUCIFIX. — Can  any  one  tell 
me  what  a  one-armed  crucifix  is  like  ?  Speak- 
ng  of  a  trial  in  Lemberg,  Dorothea  Gerard 
jays  in  4  The  Million  '  (pp.  285,  286)  :— 

On  the  front  of  the  judge's  table  a  pair  of 
sandlesticks  had  been  placed  and  two  brass  cruci- 
ixes— a  one-armed  one  and  a  three-armed  one  (the 
orms  used  respectively  by  the  Roman  and  by  the 
jreek  Catholic  churches)— in  preparation  for  the 
ontingency  of  oaths  to  be  taken  by  witnesses 
belonging  to  either  creed." 

?his  reads  as  if  the  Roman  Church  used  the 
>ne-armed  crucifix  ;  but  I  think  I  have  never 
een  it  either  under  Pope  or  Patriarch. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

"OCULAR  DEMONSTRATION."  —  This  phrase 
>ccurs  in  *  Roderick  Random,'  being  used  by 
i  surgeon  in  the  hero's  historical  examination 
n  surgery.  What  earlier  uses  are  known  ? 

MEDICULUS. 
[The  '  N.E.D.'  quotes  it  from  Rouse  in  l&'tt.J 


190 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  SEPT.  3, 10*. 


LH.S. 

(10th  S.  ii.  106.) 

THE  monogram  is  very  probably  of  Greek 
origin.  It  is  a  contracted  form  of  the  sacred 
name  of  Jesus.  An  early  form  was  IHC, 
sometimes  even  still  more  contracted  into 
1C.  The  former  almost  certainly  represented 
the  first  three  letters  of  the  Greek  'I^ous), 
or  the  Latin  Jes(us),  the  J  of  the  Latin  being 
the  Greek  I,  the  e  being  written  as  the 
capital  Greek  ??  (or  e  long)  and  as  the  Latin 
H,  and  the  s  expressed,  not  by  the  Greek 
2  (  =  s),  but  by  the  old  form  0. 

The  IH  has  been  found  on  the  tomb  of  a 
martyred  virgin  of  the  first  ages  of  Chris- 
tianity (cf.  Pugin's  *  Glossary  of  Eccl.  Orna- 
ments,' s.v.  '  Monograms '). 

The  IHS  is  to  be  found  on  coins  of  the 
time  of  Justinian  II.  (circa  685-711)  in  this 
manner :  d  .  N  .  IhS  .  ChS,  &c.,  which,  being 
interpreted,  is  Dominus  Noster  Jhesus 
Christus,  <fcc.  Again,  on  a  coin  of  Con- 
stantino VI.  (780-791),  Ih  SVS  .  XPISTVS  ., 
*kc.,  occurs.  In  the  former  case  we  have  the 
Latin  h,  making  Jhesus  or  Ihesus,  and  the 
final  s ;  in  the  latter  instance,  on  the  other 
hand,  the  h  is  unquestionably  (according  to 
Dom  H.  Leclercq,  '  Abreviations,'  'Diet. 
d'Archeologie  Chretienne  et  de  Liturgie' 
edited  by  R.R.  Dom  Cabrol,  Abbot  of 
Farnborough,  Hants)  the  Greek  e  long,  or  tj. 

Dom  Leclercq  also  gives  other  inscriptions 
(ibid.)  in  which  the  monogram  occurs  thus  : 

1.  VBI  DEPOSVIT  IHS  VESTIMENTA 
bVA  (sixth   century)=  where  Jesus  put  off 
His  garments. 

2.  DNS  NOSTER  IHS  XPS  (ninth  cen- 
tury=Our  Lord  Jesus  Christ. 

3.  A  diptych:    EGO  SVM   IHS    NAZA- 
KENVS=I  am  Jesus  of  Nazareth,  or  Jesus 
the  JNazarene. 

Next,  it  is  easy  from  the  above  to  conceive 
how  the  cross  came  to  be  introduced  into 
the  monogram.  Over  the  letters  was  placed 
very  naturally,  the  usual  sign  of  a  con- 
traction, so  that  by  merely  lengthening 
upwards  the  first  stroke  of  the  H  a  cross  was 
made.  This  idea  is  still  more  apparent  in 
the  case  of  the  Gothic  lettering  of  the  Greek 
«7cr(ovs).  Later  on,  for  the  sake  of  symmetry, 
an  independent  stem  was  very  often  given,  in 
certain  types,  to  the  cross,  and  the  cross- 
arm  (or  sign  of  contraction)  was  shortened 
to^preserve  the  balance. 

The  writer  at  the  outset  hazarded  the 
opinion  that  very  probably  the  sign  is  of 
Greek  origin,  for  this  seems  to  him  to  be  the 


conclusion  to  which  the  weight  of  evidence 
available  points ;  but "  when  doctors  disagree, 
who  shall  decide?"  and  indeed  authorities 
are  not  wanting  on  both  sides,  some  main- 
taining the  existence  of  a  Latin  origin.  How- 
ever this  may  be,  Dynamius,  a  grammarian 
of  the  sixth  century,  and  Amalarius,  a 
well-known  liturgist  of  the  ninth  century, 
both  uphold  the  Greek  origin.  In  the  ninth 
century  Druthmar,  a  monk  of  Corbie  (cf. 
Dom  Leclercq,  as  above),  writing  on  the 
subject,  describes  the  sign  thus  :  *'  Scribitur 
cum  tribus  litteris,  id  est  iota,  et  e  longa  et 
sigma." 

The  monogram  IHS,  referred  to  by  Lucis 
as  being  on  altar  f rentals  and  suchlike,  is, 
inter  alia,  the  badge  of  the  Jesuits.  Being 
originally  instituted  as  "The  Company  of 
Jesus,"  they  naturally  enough  adopted  a  sign 
so  particularly  appropriate  to  them,  seeing 
that  they  were  par  excellence  (by  name)  the 
followers  of  Jesus.  However,  the  monogram 
dates  back  far  earlier  than  the  date  of  their 
institution  (c.  1536),  and  in  the  particular 
form  which  they  adopted  was  perhaps  first 
made  generally  known  and  popular  by  St. 
Bernardine  of  Siena,  a  Franciscan,  who  died 
in  1444.  Thus  according  to  Martigny  and 
Alban  Butler,  and  we  find  that  contemporary 
pictures  of  the  saint  represent  him  as  holding 
a  tablet  on  which  the  sacred  monogram  is 
portrayed  in  the  centre  of  a  circle  and 
surrounded  by  rays,  and  which  he  used  to 
exhibit  to  the  vast  multitudes  who  flocked 
to  hear  him  preach,  thereby  to  move  them 
to  compunction  and  devotion.  A  copy  of 
the  original  monogram  may  be  seen  on  the 
walls  of  the  Franciscan  Church  of  the  Ara 
Coali  in  Rome.  LTsed  as  a  separate  mono- 
gram, the  IHS  is  rare  before  the  time  of 
St.  Bernardine  (vid.  Pugin,  '  Glossary,'  ibid.). 

The  interpretation  "Jesus  Hominum  Sal- 
vator,"  also  attributed  to  this  saint,  is  merely 
a  "coincidence,"  as  is  also  the  more  modern 
signification  in  the  vernacular,  I  H(ave) 
S(uffered). 

The  IHS  has  also  been  used  as  a  badge  of 
the  Dominican  Order,  but  in  this  case  it  is 
represented  on  a  Host,  with  rays. 

As  regards  the  A.M.D.G.,  which  is  likewise 
(as  Lucis  rightly  supposes)  a  Jesuit  motto, 
and  which  is  very  commonly  used  by  the 
Jesuits,  I  have  always  heard  the  translation 
Lucis  gives,  namely,  *'  To  the  greater  glory 
of  God."  Many  a  time  have  I,  as  a  boy  at 
Stonyhurst  College,  put  A.M.D.G.  at  the 
head  of  a  theme.  Unlike  the  IHS,  this  is  an 
exclusively  Jesuit  motto.  B.  W. 

The  origin  of  this  sacred  symbol  is  uncon- 
nected with  the  history  of  the  Jesuits.  As 


io"  s.n.  SEPT.  3,  low.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


191 


stated  in  some  of  the  smaller  English  diction 
•aries,   it  is   merely  an  abbreviation  of   the 
name  Jesus  in  Greek,  IH^,  the  second  letter 
being  the  long  e  and  not  an  h.    The  subse- 
quent confusion  of  the  vowel  with  the  aspirate 
was  due  to  Latin  scribes,  who  adopted,  without 
Apparently   understanding,   the  contraction 
otherwise  they  would  have  written  it  IES 
This  naturally  occurred  some  centuries  before 
Loyola's    time,    the  'N.E.D.,'    for    instance, 
giving  a  quotation  dated  600  A.D.,  in  which 
the  abbreviation  is  used,  together  with  full 
•details  concerning  the  mistake.      The   true 
meaning  of  the  three  letters  being  thus  lost, 
various  ingenious. redditions  have  at  different 
times  been  offered.    It  seems,  however,  that 
the  founder  of  the  Jesuits  was  not  the  author 
•of   the  "Jesus    Hominum    Salvator"   inter- 
pretation.    At    all    events,    Brewer    credits 
•St.  Bernardino  of  Siena  with  its  invention, 
though,   with  characteristic  inaccuracy,  the 
saint  is  mentioned  as  making  the  explanation 
in  1347,  a  third  of  a  century  before  his  birth. 
A  quaint  mystical  elucidation  is  that  by  a 
Valencian  troubadour,  Vicent  Ferradis,  which 
is  given  by  Sismondi  as  follows  :— 
Nom  trihumfal  queus  presenta  visible 
Del  crucifix  la  bella  circunstancia, 
En  mig  la  h  que  nos  letra  legible 
L'  intnens  ja  mort,  tractat  vilment  y  orrible. 
La  title  d'alt  de  divinal  sustancia. 
La  j  y  la  s  los  ladres  presenten 
A  les  dos  parts  per  fer  li  companyia, 
Y  pels  costatz  dos  punts  pue  s'aposenten, 
Benoten  clar  los  dos  que  1'  turment  lenten 
Del  redemptor,  Johan  y  la  Maria. 

Here  we  have  even  the  intermediate  stops 
accounted  for  by  the  presence  of  St.  John 
and  the  Virgin  Mary  at  the  foot  of  the  cross, 
the  I  and  the  S  representing  the  two  thieves, 
one  on  either  side.  J.  DORMER. 

St.  Bernard  in  of  Siena,  the  Franciscan 
saint  (1380  to  1444)  after  whom  the  pass 
between  Spliigen  and  Bellinzona  is  named, 
was  accustomed  to  preach,  holding  in  his 
hand  a  gilded  board  on  which  were  carved 
the  above  letters  surrounded  by  rays  and 
surmounted  by  a  cross.  This  is  his  chief 
distinguishing  emblem  in  paintings  and 
sculptures.  As  St.  Bernardin  used  them,  the 
•letters  were  an  abbreviation  of  the  holy 
n;ime  in  Greek,  IH2OY2.  St.  Ignatius  took 
•St.  Bernardin's  emblem  as  the  badge  of  his 
new  society.  Whether  lie  originated  the 
interpretation  "  Jesus  Hominum  Salvator  "  or 
it  was  earlier,  I  do  not  know.  Mrs.  Jameson 
in  her  'Legends  of  the  Monastic  Orders' 
gives  two  representations  of  St.  Bernardin 
carrying  the  board  or  tablet  above  mentioned, 
taken  from  a  painting  by  Lo  Spagna  and  a 
•bas-relief  by  Andrea  della  Robbia.  In  a 


picture  by  II  Moretto  in  the  National  Gallery 
the  emblem  borne  by  St.  Bernardin  is  circular 
in  form.  I  may  add  that  the  earliest  exam  pie 
of  the  monogram  in  question  is  said  to  be  on 
a  gold  coin  of  the  Emperor  Basil  I.  (867-886). 
As  to  subsidiary  points  raised  by  Lucis  : — 

(1)  The  badges  of  the  monastic  and  mendi- 
cant Orders,  of  the  Lateran  and  Borgo  Canons, 
and    of    the    Jesuits    and    the    Oblates    of 
St.  Charles  are  delineated  on  pp.  137  to  139 
of    Tuker    and    Malleson's    'Handbook    to 
Christian  Ecclesiastical  Rome,'  pt.  iii. 

(2)  Though  God's  glory  in  itself  is  absolutely 
perfect  and  cannot  be  increased,  in  its  mani- 
festation  in   the  world  it  is  capable  of  the 
greater  and  less.    It  is  in  this  sense  that 
A.M.D.G.  is  to  be  understood. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

Perhaps  I  may  be  allowed  to  quote  my 
note  to  Chaucer,  '  Cant.  Tales,'  Group  B, 
1.  1793,  which  was  first  printed  in  1874,  or 
thirty  years  ago  : — 

'Ie.su  is  written  'Ihu'  in  MSS.  E.,  Hn.,  Cm.  ; 
and  'ihc'  in  MSS.  Cp.,  Pt.,  Ln.  ;  in  both  cases 
there  is  a  stroke  through  the  h.  This  is  frequently 
printed  Ihesu,  but  the  retention  of  the  h  is  unneces- 
sary. It  is  not  really  an  h  at  all,  but  the  Greek  H, 
meaning  long  P.  (t).  So,  also,  in  '  ihc,'  the  c  is  not 
the  Latin  c,  but  the  Greek  C,  meaning  S  or  s  ;  and 
ihc  are  the  first  three  letters  of  the  word  IHCOYC 

i^o-ov?  =  iesus.  lesu,  as  well  as  Itxua,  was  used 
as  a  nominative,  though  really  a  genitive  or  voca- 
tive case.  At  a  later  period,  ih*  (still  with  a  stroke 
through  the  h)  was  written  for  ihc  as  a  contraction 
of  i&nu.  By  an  odd  error,  a  new  meaning  was 
invented  for  these  letters,  and  common  belief 
treated  them  as  the  initials  of  three  Latin  words— 
viz.,  lesus  Hominum  Salvator.  But  as  the  stroke 
through  the  h,  or  mark  of  contraction,  still  remained 
unaccounted  for,  it  was  turned  into  a  cross  !  Hence 
the  common  symbol  I.H.S  with  the  small  cross  in 

the  upper  part  of    the  middle  letter Another 

common  contraction  is  A>c,  where  all  the  letters 
are  Greek.  The  x  is  ch  (\),  the  p  is  r  (p\  and  the 
c  is  8  •  so  that  Xpc=Chrx,  the  contraction  for 
nhri*tus,  or  Christ/ 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

The  learning  on  the  subject  is  to  be  found 
concisely  stated  in  '  The  History,  Principles, 
and  Practice  of  Symbolism  in  Christian  Art,' 

y  F.  E.  Hulme,  1891,  pp.  51-2. 

STAPLETON  MARTIN. 

The  Firs,  Norton,  Worcester. 

One  of  the  first  bits  of  pseudo-ecclesiology 
mpressed  upon  me  was  that  I.H.S.  meant 
Fesus  Hominum  Salvator,  and  I.H.C.  Jesus 
Jominum  Consolator.  These  misstatements 
were  happily  among  the  earliest  of  ray  un- 
earnings,  and  I  am  rather  shocked  to  find  that 
ven  in  the  twentieth  century  enlightenment 
hould  have  to  be  sought  of  'N.  &  Q.'  As 
ar  away  as  1847,  in  'A  Hand-Book  of  Eng- 


192 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  ii.  SEPT.  3, 


lish  Ecclesiology,'  it  was  written  :  "  We  have 

proved  elsewhere  that  this  [monogram] 

is  simply  the  contracted  Greek  form  IH2/  for 
IH2OY2.  The  mark  of  contraction  makes 
a  cross  with  the  upright  stroke  of  the  h" 
(pp.  243-4). 

In  a  publication  no  more  recondite  than 
the  Penny  Post  for  1857,  p.  238,  we  have 
admirable  cuts  of  coins  of  the  ninth  and 
tenth  centuries  on  which  the  contraction 
appears  in  connexion  with  an  effigy  of  our 
Saviour.  The  belief  that  it  originated  in  the 
sixteenth  century  is  therefore  absurd.  All 
that  Ignatius  Loyola  did  was  to  adopt  the 
acrostic  suggestion  made  by  Greek  characters 
which  had  been  translated  into  Roman  letters. 

I  may  as  well  add  that  the  C  in  IHC 
comes  of  a  form  of  the  Greek  sigrna  less 
suggestive  of  S  than  that  which  has  given 
us  IHS.  ST.  SWITHIN. 

Is  not  I.H.S.,  as  a  religious  motto  or  badge, 
a  Latin  transcription  of  the  first  three  letters 
of  the  Greek  name  IHCOYC  or  IH2OY2,  and 
well  known  in  ecclesiastical  art  long  before 
St.  Ignatius  of  Loyola  founded  his  company  ? 
As  he  was  a  native  of  the  province  (once 
called  '*  The  Kingdom ")  of  Guipuzcoa 
(Ipuscoa  in  the  Latin  of  the  sixteenth 
century),  he  might,  without  going  for  a  very 
long  ride  or  walk  (twelve  miles  as  the  crow 
flies)  from  his  father's  "  casa  solar  "  in  Loyola 
(=  mud-factory,  tejeria)  at  Azpeitia,  have 
seen  these  initials  on  the  beautiful  and  most 
interesting  doorway  of  the  parish  church  of 
Idiazabal,  the  date  of  which  seems  to  be 
early  in  the  thirteenth  century.  It  symbo- 
lizes the  seven  sacraments  by  its  sevenfold 
mouldings,  is  transitional  between  decadent 
"Byzantinp"  and  incipient  ogival,  and  has 
details  in  its  ornamentation  which  indicate 
the  influence  of  Irish  art. 

E.  S.  DODGSON. 

If  LTJCIS  will  turn  to  1st  S.  ix.  259  he  will 
find  a  note  by  the  Editor  referring  a  corre- 
spondent to  a  valuable  tract  entitled  'An 
Argument  for  the  Greek  Origin  of  the 
Monogram  I.H.S.,'  published  by  the  Cam- 
bridge Camden  Society,  which  clearly  shows 
that  this  symbol  is  formed  out  of  the  first 
two  and  the  last  letter  of  the  Greek  word 
IH2OY2.  EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

[Additional  replies  from  MR.  R.  FOULKKS,  A.  H., 
MR.  HARRY  HEMS,  L.  L.  K.,  MR.  HOLDEN  MAC- 
MICHAEL,  MR.  HOBSON  MATTHEWS,  DR.  FOSTER 
PALMER,  MR.  R.  J.  STEGGLES,  MR.  J.  TOWNSHEND 
(New  York),  and  the  REV.  C.  S.  WARD  have  been 
forwarded  direct  to  Lucis.j 

THACKERAY'S  PICTURES  (10th  S.  ii.  169).— 
The  contents  of  Thackeray's  house,  Palace 


Green,  Kensington,  including  his  pictures  and 
drawings,  were  sold  by  us  on  16-17  March, 
1864.  CHRISTIE,  MANSON  &  WOODS. 

LONGEST  TELEGRAM  (10th  S.  ii.  125,  176).— 

I  am  the  fortunate  possessor  of  the  Chicago 
Times,  the  gift  of  my  friend  Mr.  Frowde,  of 
the  Oxford   Press,  mentioned  by  R.   M.  L. 
The    number    of    words    far    exceeds    his 
estimate.     The   Chicago   Times    stated    that 
the    portion    of    the   New  Testament    tele- 
graphed "  contains  about  118,000  words,  and 
constitutes  by  many  fold  the  largest  special 
dispatch  ever  sent  over  the  wires."    On  the- 
day  before  the  publication  of  the  paper,  a 
copy  of  the  Revised  Version  was  received. 
In  telegraphing   it  was  forgotten    to    give 
instructions  as  to  the  arrangement  of  the 
paragraphs,  and  the  four  Gospels  are  printed 
with  the  verse  divisions.    The  Chicago  Times 
opens  with  the  following  headlines  : — 

"  The  Will,  which  is  more  commonly  designated 
as  the  New  Testament,  as  it  bequeaths  Eternal 
Life  to  the  Heirs  of  God.  It  is  the  charter  under 
which  all  branches  of  the  Church  are  organized, 
and  the  source  whence  the  Theologians  derive  their 
doctrines.  The  Times  presents  to  its  readers  the 
entire  revised  New  Testament,  which  does  not 
differ  radically  from  the  common  version.  In  its 
records  and  teachings  it  is  not  brought  down  to- 

date And  old-fashioned  Christians  will  find  it 

unobjectionable." 

JOHN  C.  FRANCIS. 

/'SAINT"  AS  A  PREFIX  (10*  S.  ii.  87).— 
Similar  contractions  are  seen  in  S.  Befana> 
an  Italian  corruption  of  the  Greek  'ETric^ai/ta,. 
the  Epiphany,  and  in  Santa  Glaus,  the  Dutch 
name  of  St.  Nicholas.  "  Tooley  "  in  "  Tooley 
Street"  is  a  contraction  of  St.  Olave,  a  fact,, 
however,  perhaps  as  well  known  as  that 
"tawdry"  is  abbreviated  "St.  Audrey,"" 
"tawdry  lace"  being  lace  bought  at 
St.  Audrey's  Fair,  held  in  the  Isle  of  Ely  OR 
St.  Audrey's  Day,  i.e.,  St.  Etheldrida's  Day. 
And  is  not  "Tantony,"  as  well  as  Stanton, 
a  contraction  of  St.  Anthony?  Cf.  also- 

II  Sanfoin,"  "  Sangreal,"  "  St.  Sepulchre,"  and 
"  Saunter."    In  St.  Sepulchre  the  "  St."  is,  I 
think,  believed  to  be  redundant,  "  Sepulchre  " 
being  in  reality  a  contraction  of  St.  Pulchre  ;. 
but  I  have  never  been   able  to  make  out 
whether  the  historic  edifice  at  the  western 
end  of  Newgate  Street  is  dedicated  in  the- 
name    of    the    Holy    Sepulchre    or    of    St. 
Pulcheria,  Empress  of  the  East,  upon  whom 
the  epithet  of  "  guardian  of  the  faith  "  was 
conferred   by    the    Fathers  of  the  General 
Council  of  Chalcedon  in   451.     In    Skeat's 
'Concise  Dictionary'  we  are  told   that  the- 
origin  of  the  word  " saunter"  is  unknown. 
Might  I  venture  to  suggest  that  the   ety- 


io-  s.  ii.  SEPT.  3, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


193 


inology  given  in  Nathaniel  Bailey's  *  Dic- 
tionary/ 1740,  is  not  altogether  an  unreason- 
able one  1  He  says  that  it  is  from  the  French 
sancte  tei*re  and  the  Latin  sancta  terra, 
because  when  there  were  frequent  expeditions 
to  the  Holy  Land,  many  idle  persons  went 
from  place  to  place  upon  pretence  of  taking 
the  cross  upon  them,  or  intending  to  do  so, 
and  to  go  thither.  Thus  it  came  to  mean 
to  wander  up  and  down.  Bailey  spells  it 
"santer."  A  "fiacre"  was  so  called  from 
the  circumstance  of  the  inn  where  such 
vehicles  for  hire  were  first  supplied  in 
Paris  having  the  image  of  St.  Fiacre,  the 
Irish  anchorite,  over  the  gateway.  I  think 

this  is  SO.  J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

[On  saunter  see  DR.  CHANCE'S  note,  7th  S.  vii.  464.] 
Many  such  contractions  will  be  found  in 
the  West  of  England  and  doubtless  in  other 
parts.  St.  Aubyn  has  become  colloquially, 
and  is  frequently  written,  Snorbyn  or  Snor- 
bin  ;  and  St.  Lo  or  St.  Loe  has  become  Sanlo. 
Some  surnames  beginning  with  San  or  Sin 
or  St.  are  to  be  suspected  of  a  similar 
origin.  I  suppose  there  can  be  no  doubt 
about  Stubbs.  F.  P. 

HARLSEY  CASTLE,  co.  YORK  (10th  S.  ii.  89). 
—This  place  was  formerly  spelt  Harlesey. 
Under  the  heading  of  *  Harlsey  West,'  in  the 
'National  Gazetteer'  (1868),  will  be  found 
the  following  : — 

"  A  township  in  the  parish  of  Osmotherley,  North 
Riding,  co.  York,  four  miles  N.E.  of  Northallerton. 
It  is  joined  with  East  Harlsey.  Here  are  the  ruins 
of  Harlsey  Castle,  founded  by  Judge  Strangeways. 
The  Earl  of  Harewood  is  owner  of  the  land." 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 
Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

There  are,  I  believe,  remains  still  visible 
at  West  Harlsey,  near  Osmotherley,  in  the 
North  Hiding,  of  a  castle  whose  tower  was 
in  the  early  part  of  the  last  century  so 
damaged  by  a  thunderstorm  that  it  had  to 
be  taken  down.  Camden  says  Harlsey  Castle 
"  formerly  belonged  to  the  family  of  Hotham, 
but  afterwards  to  the  Strangwayes,  and  now 
to  the  Lawsons ;  both  of  them  [i.e.,  Wharl- 
ton  and  Harlsey  Castles]  old  and  ruinous  " 
(ed.  1722,  vol.  ii.  col.  910). 

J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

BRISTOL  SLAVE  SHIPS,  THEIR  OWNERS  AND 
CAPTAINS  (10th  S.  ii.  108).— Some  references 
to  these  will  be  found  in  *  Cardiff  Records,' 
vol.  iii.,  among  the  Glamorgan  County 
Records.  The  slaves  referred  to  here  were, 
however,  not  negroes  but  Welshmen,  practic- 
ally sold  to  West  India  planters,  instead  of 
being  hanged  for  felony. 

JOHN  HOBSON  MATTHEWS. 


REBECCA  OF  '!VANHOE'  (10th  S.  ii.  28,  94), 
— DOMINIE  SAMPSON  may  consult  'Colonial 
Days  and  Dames,'  by  Anne  Hollingsworth 
Wharton  (Philadelphia,  Lippincott),  1895-. 
The  author  recites  the  story  of  Washington 
Irving's  visit  at  Abbotsford  in  1817.  Irving: 
told  Sir  Walter  of  the  charms  of  Rebecca. 
Gratz,  a  Jewess  of  Philadelphia. 

"  He  described  her  wonderful  beauty,  related  thfr 
story  of  her  firm  adherence  to  her  religious  faith 
under  the  most  trying  circumstances,  and  particu- 
larly illustrated  her  loveliness  of  character  and 
zealous  philanthropy." — P.  234. 

Scott  thereupon  took  Rebecca  Gratz  as  the 
original  of  the  heroine  in  'Ivanhoe.'  This 
writer  (p.  235)  says  that  Scott  sent  a  copy  of 
the  book  to  Irving,  with  a  letter,  in  whicn  the 
question  is  asked,  "  Does  the  Rebecca  I  have 
pictured  compare  with  the  pattern  given  1 " 
The  author,  of  her  own  knowledge,  testifies- 
that  when  Rebecca  Gratz  had  become  elderly 
she  was  frequently  pointed  out  as  Scott's- 
heroine  to  young  people  in  the  streets  of 
Philadelphia'.  FRANK  WARREN  HACKETT. 
1418  M  Street,  Washington,  D.C. 

BROWNING'S  "THUNDER-FREE"  (10th  S.  i. 
504  ;  ii.  73). — In  response  to  the  request  by 
H.  K.  ST.  J.  S.  for  further  references,  I  give 
the  following  : — 

1.  'Don    Quixote,'    Part    II.    chap.    xvi.y 
towards  the  end  : — 

"Cuando  los  reyes  y  principes  ven  la  milagrosa 
ciencia  de  la  poesfa  en  sugetos  prudentes,  virtuosos 
y  graves,  los  honran,  los  estiman  y  los  enriquecen,  y 
aun  los  coronan  con  las  hojas  del  drbol  d  quien  no 
ofende  el  rayo  [el  laurel]." 

"  El  rayo  "  is  "  la  foudre  "  (Viardot).  Viardot'* 
note  on  this  refers  to  both  Pliny  and  Sue- 
tonius. 

2.  Leopardi,  *  La  Scommessadi  Prometeo ' : 
"  Alcuni  pensano  che  intendesse  di  prevalersi  del 

lauro  per  difesa  del  capo  contro  alle  tempeste ; 
secondo  si  narra  di  Tiberio,  che  senipre  ohe  udiva 
tonare,  si  ponea  la  corona  :  stimandosi  che  V  alloro 
non  *ia  pc.rco.f-iO  dai  fultnini.'' 

3.  Cowper, '  Table  Talk,'  11.  5,  6  :— 
Strange  doctrine  this  !  that  without  scruple  tears 
The  laurel  that  the  very  lightning  spares. 

4.  In  Brewer's  4  Dictionary  of  Phrase  and 
Fable '  (ed.  1895)  we  find,  under  'Laurel '  :— 

"  Another  superstition  was  that  the  bay  laurel 
was  antagonistic  to  the  stroke  of  lightning ;  but 
Sir  Thomas  Browne,  in  his  '  Vulgar  Errors,'  tells  us- 
that  Vicotnereatus  proves  from  personal  knowledge- 
that  this  ia  by  no  means  true." 

5.  The    superstition    is    noticed    as    both* 
ancient  and  modern  in  an  interesting  article- 
on  p.  272  of   Chambers's  Edinburgh  Journal^ 
vol.  iv.  new  series,  25  Oct.,  1845.    The  writer 
there  quotes  from  an  old  English  poem  :— 


104 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       WS.IL  SEPT.  3,190*. 


As  thunder  nor  fierce  lightning  harms  the  bay, 
So  no  extremitie  hath  power  on  fame. 

6.  He  also  quotes  from   a  copy   of  com- 
plimentary verses   to  the   memory   of    Ben 
Jonson:  — 

I  see  that  wreathe  which  doth  the  wearer  arme 
'Gainst  the  quick  stroakes  of  thunder,  is  no  charme 
'To  keep  off  death's  pale  dart :  for,  Jonson,  then 
Thou  hadst  been  numbered  still  with  living  men  ; 
"Time's  scythe  had  feared  thy  laurell  to  invade, 
JNor  thee  this  subject  of  our  sorrow  made. 

7.  Lastly,  this  writer  says  : — 

"The  iron  crown  of  laurels  upon  the  bust  of 
Ariosto  in  the  Benedictine  church  at  Ferrara  was 
smelted  by  lightning,  an  incident  which  '  Childe 
Harold  '  notices  and  comments  on  : — 

Nor  was  the  ominous  element  unjust ; 

For  the  true  laurel  wreath  which  glory  weaves 

Is  of  the  tree  no  bolt  of  thunder  cleaves." 

See  Byron,  'Childe  Harold,'  iv.  41  :— 
The  lightning  rent  from  Ariostp's  bust 
The  iron  crown  of  laurel's  mimicked  leaves. 

See  also  Nos.  xi.  xii.  of  the  '  Historical 
^sTotes  '  in  the  appendix  to  Byron's  '  Works  ' 
<Murray,  1837).  C.  LAWRENCE  FORD. 

Bath. 

It  seems  that  the  greater  the  amount  of 

oil   contained    in    trees    the    less    they  are 

threatened   by  lightning,   whereas    amylum 

attracts  it.     Very  rich  in  oil  are  the  walnut 

tree  and  the  beech  ;  on   the  contrary,  rich 

in   amylum   and   poor  in    oil    are   the  oak, 

willow,  elder,  poplar,  maple,  hazel-nut,  elm, 

anulberry,     white-thorn,    ash- tree.       In    the 

province  of  Saxony   country  folk  warn  you, 

when  a  thunderstorm  is  approaching,  by  this 

saying,  in  which,  it  appears,  the  experience 

of  many  generations  is  summed  up  : — 

Vor  den  Eichen  sollst  du  weichen, 

Vor  den  Fichten  sollst  du  fliichten, 

Auch  die  Weiden  sollst  du  meiden, 

Doch  die  Buchen  sollst  du  suchen. 

G.  KRUEGER. 
Berlin. 

PSALM-SINGING  WEAVERS  (10th  S.  ii.  128).— 
This  query  calls  to  mind  the  singing  whilst 
•at  work  of  hand  framework  knitters  and 
«tockingers  of  Derbyshire  and  Notts,  as 
they  were  in  the  middle  of  last  century,  or 
.years  before,  but  not  much  later,  for 
factories  in  which  such  work  was  done  by 
steam-driven  machines  arose,  and,  except 
in  some  few  cases,  took  away  the  hand  frame- 
work knitters'  employment.  The  shops  in 
which  these  men  worked  were  long  narrow 
rooms,  with  a  row  of  machines  along  the 
light  side,  which  was  all  window.  Some  of 
the  shops  held  a  dozen  frames.  Stockingers 
were  rioted  as  a  singing  class  of  men,  and, 
in  spite  of  the  constant  din  made  as  they 


worked  the  frames,  they  would  join  in  sing- 
ing, in  perfect  time  and  tune,  "  psalms  and 
hymns  and  spiritual  songs,"  to  help  to  pass 
the  time.  So  accustomed  were  they  to  the 
noise,  to  which  many  of  them  were  born  and 
in  which  they  lived  from  lads  upwards,  they 
could  carry  on  conversations  with  mates 
several  frames  away.  As  for  the  singing,  it 
was  curious  in  effect  when  grand  old  hymn 
verses  were  rolled  out  to  a  machine  accom- 

Eaniment  of  "  Ter,  ter  !  titter-tom-bom,"  the 
rst  being  the  sound  made  by  the  thread- 
carriers  along  the  rows  of  needles,  the  second 
that  of  the  foot-wheel  going  round  with  the 
upper  portions  of  the  frames  pulled  forwards 
to  catch  and  divide— not  cut — the  thread, 
and  pass  it  back  over  the  needles  to  form 
woven  material. 

This  will  not  assist,  but  it  will,  maybe, 
interest  MR.  MOUNT.  THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 

Worksop. 

Falstaff:  "I  would  I  were  a  weaver;  I 
could  sing  psalms  or  anything"  (' 1  King 
Henry  IV.,'  Act  II.  sc.  iii.).  MEDICULUS. 

EPITAPHS  :  THEIR  BIBLIOGRAPHY  (10th  S.  i. 
44,  173,  217,  252,  334  ;  ii.  57).— Allow  me  to 
make  one  or  two  more  additions  to  the 
list  :— 

"  The  Epitaphs  and  Monumental  Inscriptions  in 
Greyfriars  Churchyard.  Edinburgh.  Collected  by 
James  Brown,  Keeper  of  the  Grounds,  and  Author 
of  the  '  Deeside  Guide.'  With  an  Introduction  and 
Notes.  Edinburgh,  J.  Moodie  Miller ;  London, 
Hamilton,  Adams  &  Co.  MDCCCLXVII."  Pp.  Ixxxiii, 
360. 

There  are  twenty- three  illustrations  and  a 
plan  of  the  ground.  The  book  was  published 
by  subscription,  but  many  extra  copies  were 
purchased  by  booksellers. 
Another  work  on  the  same  subject  is  : — 
"  An  [sic]  Theater  of  Mortality;  or,  the  Illustrious 
Inscriptions  extant  upon  the  several  Monuments, 
erected  over  the  Dead  Bodies  (of  the  sometime 
Honourable  Persons)  buried  within  the  Gray-friars 
Church-yard ;  and  other  Churches  and  Burial- 
Places  within  the  City  of  Edinburgh  and  Suburbs. 
Collected  and  Englished  by  R.  Monteith,  M.A. 
Edinburgh,  1704,"  small  8vo. 

A  third  may  be  added  : — 

"The  Register  of  Burials  in  York  Minster, 
accompanied  by  Monumental  ^  Inscriptions,  and 
illustrated  with  Biographical  Notices.  By  R.  H. 
Skaife  (1634  to  1836),  from  the  Yorkshire  Archceo- 
logicalJournal,  Vol.  I.  (pp.  226-330)." 
There  is  a  plan  of  position  of  the  monuments. 

I  have  noted  these  three  works,  as  they 
contain  much  curious  and  genealogical  infor- 
mation not  only  with  reference  to  the  inter- 
ments, but  concerning  the  places  where  many 
of  the  people  dwelt,  and  a  record  of  the 
appointments  which  they  held.  In  the 


io«"  s.  ii.  SEPT.  3. 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


195 


<jrreyfriars  Churchyard  many  of  the  inscrip 
•tions  are  fast  becoming  illegible. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Valuable    contributions    on    this    subject 
appeared  in  6th  S.  ix.  86,  493 ;  x.  34  ;  and  8l 
S.  xii.  125.    The  second  reference  is  of  specia 
importance.  N.  11.  E. 

See  '  Gleanings  from  God's  Acre,'  by  tha 
•most  courteous  public  official,  Mr.  J.  Potter 
Briscoe,  librarian  of  the  Nottingham   Free 
Libraries.    T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.8.A. 

Lancaster. 

SHAKESPEARE'S  GRAVE  (10th  S.  i.  288,  331 
352,  416,  478).— The  fact  that  MR.  I.  H.  PLATI 
has  lived  in  Gloucestershire  is  of  itself  no 
argument.  One  has  often  to  go  away  from 
home  to  learn  news  of  home.  I,  of  course, 
did  not  know  that  he  was  a  former  resident 
of  that  county.  However,  the  points  raised 
in  this  controversy  seemed  to  me  so  im- 
portant that  I  determined  to  revisit  St  rat- 
lord  and  endeavour,  if  possible,  to  ascertain 
•something  definite.  The  result  of  my  visit 
is  fully  explained  in  the  following  letter  from 
my  friend  Mr.  W.  S.  Brassington,  F.S.A.,  the 
librarian  of  the  Shakespearean  Memorial 
there  : — 

"  You  ask  my  opinion  upon  the  note  by  MR.  I.  H- 
PLATT  on  '  Shakespeare's  Grave.'  Though  I  am  a 
-constant  reader  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  it  is  not  often  that  I 
•contribute  to  its  pages.  This  note,  however,  very 
specially  appeals  to  me,  so  must  be  fully  answered. 

"1.  The  bust  of  Shakespeare  now  on  his  monu- 
ment in  the  chancel  of  the  parish  church  of 
fitratford-upon-Avou  undoubtedly  is  the  original 
one  placed  there  by  the  poet's  family  within  seven 
.years  of  his  death,  and  referred  to  in  the  lines  by 
Leonard  Digges  in  the  folio  of  1023. 

"±  In  1746  John  Ward  had  the  bust  repainted. 

"  3.  It  was  put  in  pickle  by  Malone,  who,  having 
thus  removed  Ward  s  paint,  had  the  bust  painted 
white.  About  the  middle  of  the  nineteenth 
century  the  bust  was  badly  painted  by  Collins. 

"4.  Dugdale's  drawing  is  obviously  wrong,  and 
it  is  well  known  that  the  sketches  of  tombs  inserted 
in  his  'Warwickshire'  are  badly  drawn,  and 
usually  inaccurate,  though  the  monuments  are 
•easily  recognized  from  the  poorly  executed  engrav- 
ings supplied  by  Dugdale.  In  this  instance  it  is 
obvious  that  the  monument  never  was,  and  could 
•not  have  been,  as  engraved  by  Dugdale's  artist. 

"f>.  Johnson,  the  tombmaker  who  made  Shake- 
re's  monument,  is  known  to  have  produced 
many  similar  ones,  e.f/.,  that  of  John  Combe  in  the 
•chancel  of  Stratford  Church  close  to  Shakespeare's 
monument.  The  monument  is  designed  and 
executed  in  a  manner  characteristic  of  the  early 
part  of  the  seventeenth  century,  and  Shakespeare's 
bust,  except  the  painting,  and  a  possible  injury  to 
the  nose,  appears  as  it  was  during  the  lifetime  of 
his  \vidou-  and  his  children.  I  know  of  no  monu- 
•nient  made  in  the  eighteenth  century  resembling 
this  in  design  or  execution;  it  is  of  distinctly 
seventeenth-century  type. 


"6.  In  any  representative  collection  of  engraved 
portraits  of  Shakespeare  it  would  be  easy  to  find 
half  a  dozen  fancy  designs  of  Shakespeare's  monu- 
ment, each  differing  from  the  original.  The  fact 
is  that  before  the  days  of  photography  illustrators, 
with  few  exceptions,  were  not  accurate ;  indeed, 
it  is  impossible  for  a  hasty  draughtsman  to  be  so, 
and  the  only  wonder  is  that  the  old  drawings  so 
nearly  resemble  the  monument.  Much  has  been 
made  of  the  position  of  the  small  decorative  figures 
on  each  side  of  the  poet's  arms,  Dugdale's  artist, 
and  others  following  him,  representing  these 
figures  as  poised  at  the  extreme  edge  of  the  cornice 
in  a  quite  impossible  position,  an  obvious  error  in 
drawing,  not  in  accordance  with  the  design  of  the 
memorial. 

"7.  There  are  discrepancies  between  Dugdale  s 
drawing  of  the  Clopton  monuments  in  Stratford 
Church  and  the  originals,  quite  as  startling  as 
those  between  his  drawing  of  Shakespeare  s  tomb 
and  the  actual  object.  In  this  case  also  the  original 
monuments  are  still  extant,  and  unaltered  except 
that  they  have  been  cleaned  and  repainted. 

As  is  well  known,  Mr.  Brassington  is  a 
most  painstaking  and  diligent  Shakespearean 
student  and  author,  and  to  his  remarks  in 
the  above  letter  it  is  scarcely  necessary  to 
add  anything.  CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

BACON  AND  THE  DRAMA  OF  HIS  AGE  (10th 
S.  ii.  129).— Kuno  Fischer  clearly  referred  to 
the  remarks  of  Bacon  in  later  life  on  poetry 
and  the  theatre  generally,  for  nowhere  in 
Spedding  or  in  any  other  records  connected 
with  the  great  Elizabethan  do  we  find  any 
disdainful  remarks  of  his  concerning  the 
theatrical  profession.  He  never  satirized  it, 
and  he  never  vilified,  or  we  may  be  sure  we 
should  have  had  it  dinned  in  the  public  ear 
in  the  recent  lives  of  Shakespeare  such  as 
Mr.  Sidney  Lee  and  others  have  put  forth. 
The  question  of  MR.  KREBS  is  perhaps  best 
answered  by  the  short  summary  of  Bacons 
views  on  the  subject  in  *  Is  It  Shakespeare  ? 
John  Murray)  pp.  269,  270,  and  also  at  p.  339, 
where  Bacon  s  words,  revised  in  later  lite 
1623),  are  quoted  in  full. 

NE  QUID  MMIS. 

The  reference  presumably  intended  is  given 
by  the  undersigned  in  7th  S.  v.  484,  under  the 
heading  'Bacon  and  Shakespeare.  It  is  to 
De  Augmentis  Scientiarum,'  lib.  11.  c.  xm. 
That  work  appeared  in  1623,  but  is,  in  fact, 
an  enlarged  edition  of  an  earlier  one,  On  the 
^roficience  and  Advancement  of  Learning, 
which  was  published  in  1605. 

W.  T.  LYNN. 

Black  heath. 

MARTYRDOM  OF  ST.  THOMAS  (10th  S.  i. 
W8,  450;  ii.  30).  —  Seeing  Mit.  J.  HOLDEN 
M.vMi,  HAEI/S  remark  on  St.  Thomas  of 
Hereford  and  his  reference  to  the  Antiquary, 


196 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  SEPT.  3, 190*. 


I  should  much  like  to  know  who  this 
St.  Thomas  was.  I  have  before  me  a  sketch — 
taken  from  a  painted  widow — of  this  person. 
He  is  habited  in  mitre  and  cope,  &c.,  all  in 
white,  with  embroidery  in  gold-coloured  roses 
on  both.  The  left  hand  holds  a  crosier; 
the  right  is  uplifted  in  the  act  of  bless- 
ing, with  a  ring  on  the  second  finger.  In 
bold  old  English  characters  are  the  words, 
"Ste.  Thomas  de  Hereford,"  on  a  ribbon 
behind,  while  at  his  feet  is  a  shield  on 
which  are  the  arms,  representing  a  diceboard 
pattern  in  black  and  white.  The  figure  is 
6  in.  high,  and  fixed  in  the  extreme  upper 
part  of  a  beautiful  stone  window  in  Cothel- 
stone  Church,  near  Taunton,  Somerset.  I 
should  be  pleased  to  show  this  sketch,  an 
admirable  one,  to  any  one  interested. 

HAROLD  MALET,  Col. 

For  churches  dedicated  to  St.  Thomas  a 
Becket  see  8th  S.  vi.  468 ;  vii.  57,  118,  277. 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

FINAL  "-ED"  (10th  S.  ii.  47).— I  am  glad  to 
see  this  matter  come  under  discussion  in  your 
pages;  for  while,  as  one  who  has  visited  many 
churches  in  different  parts,  I  can  confirm  the 
experience  of  W.  C.  B.  that  there  are  "  not  a 
few  "  clergy  who  deliberately  make  a  separate 
syllable  of  the  final  -ed,  yet  I  feel  sure  that 
nine  out  of  ten  read  the  services  and  lessons 
in  church  with  the  same  pronunciation  they 
would  give  to  such  words  outside  the  church. 
I  am  in  the  habit  of  attending  a  church 
where  the  old  fashion  of  sounding  -ed  as  a 
syllable  has  of  late  been  revived,  and  yet 
is  not  consistently  observed ;  but  I  am 
sure  neither  of  the  clergy  would  think  of 
pronouncing  preserved,  for  example,  in  three 
syllables  when  used  in  ordinary  conversation, 
or  hanged  in  two.  Certain  words  must,  by  a 
cultured  man,  have  the  final  -ed  sounded 
(this  last  word,  for  instance),  but  then  this  is 
done  in  everyday  life  as  well  as  in  church ; 
and  why  should  any  difference  be  made  1 

Then  a  distinction  should  be  made,  I  take 
it,  between  original  words  ending  in  -ed,  as 
"  wicked  "  applied  to  a  man,  and  cases  where 
the  -ed  is  added  to  original  words,  as 
moisten,  moistened  ;  enrich,  enriched,  &c 
The  objectors  to  the  formation  of  the  wore 
41  talented  "  would,  I  suppose,  hardly  acknow 
ledge  "  half-hearted,"  "  whole-hearted,"  but  1 
think  they  will  be  found  used  by  gooc 
authors,  and  are  examples  of  -ed  that  must 
be  separately  pronounced. 

I  have  never  had  the  privilege  of  hearing 
"  ragged  "  spoken  as  "  ragg'd,"  but  "  fagged ' 
(tired  out)  is,  I  should  fancy,  always  soundec 
as  one  syllable,  as  also  "  wicked  "  would  be  if 


t  referred  not  to  an  action  or  an  individual,. 
->ut  to  a  shoemaker's  candle,  which  is  "double- 
kicked."  W.  S.  B.  H. 

ANAHUAC  (10th  S.  i.  507).— The  intrdductory 
hapter  to  that  capital  boys'  book  'The- 
rlifle  Rangers,'  by  the  late  Capt.  Mayne- 
rleid,  is  entitled  'The  Land  of  Anahuac.' 
The  author  there  gives  a  poetical  and  some- 
what rhapsodical  account  of  Mexico,  and  in 
a  foot-note,  if  my  memory  serves  me  right, 
states  that  the  word  is  pronounced  Anakawk- 
[  am  unfortunately  unable  in  this  instance- 
;o  "verify  my  references,"  as  no  library  to- 
which  I  have  access  contains  a  copy  of  the 
3Ook  referred  to.  Perhaps  some  other  reader 
of  '  N.  &  Q.'  can  confirm  this.  T.  F.  D. 

PAMELA  (9th  S.  xii.  141,  330 ;  10th  S.  i.  52t 
135,  433,  495  ;  ii.  50,  89).— It  may  be  worth- 
noting  that  M.  C.  B.,  writing  from  New  York 
State  (10th  S.  i.  237)  about  some  curious- 
Christian  names,  gives  Pamela. 

There  is  nothing,  I  think,  to  show  how 
the  author  of  the  following  book  would  have- 
pronounced  the  name :  "  The  True  Anti- 
Pamela  ;  or,  Memoirs  of  Mr.  James  Parry.. 

Written  by  Himself Second  edition. 

London,  1742."  The  name  appears  only,. 

I  think,  on  the  title-page  and  in  the  dedi- 
cation, p.  vi.  ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

IRRESPONSIBLE  SCRIBBLERS  (10th  S.  ii.  86; 
136).  —  I  must  promptly  correct  an  error 
which  occurs  in  my  reply,  an  error,  I  am 
afraid,  for  which  I  alone  am  to  blame.  I 
should  have  written  Hawkshead,  and  not 
"  Hartshead,"  as  the  place  where  Words- 
worth's name  is  still  to  be  seen. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Bradford. 

No  doubt  it  is  great  presumption  on  the 
part  of  'Arry  and  'Arriet  to  follow  the 
example  of  their  betters.  1  remember  a 
clear  space  (amidst  hundreds  of  names)  once 
being  found  for  me  upon  the  wooden  walls  of 
the  little  railway  station  at  New  Wilmington,. 
Pa.,  and  recollect  the  distinctly  expressed 
disappointment  of  my  farmer  cousin  when  I 
declined  to  add  my  own  name  to  the 
multitude. 

Last  Eastertide  I  happened  to  be  in  the 
Banqueting  Hall  at  Rosenburg  Castle,, 
Copenhagen.  The  room  —  as  many  will1 
recollect  —  is  somewhat  curiously  situated 
upon  the  top  floor  of  the  palace,  and  therein 
may  be  seen  the  silver  circular  font  (3  ft.  2  in. 
high  and  2  ft.  9  in.  in  diameter),  made  in 
Frederick  IV. 's  time  (about  1671),  and  used 
for  royal  baptisms  ever  since.  Our  Queen 
was  christened  there  in  1844.  Dr.  P.  Brock,, 


it.  s,:,.T.  3,  low.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


197 


the  most  courteous  and  kindly  curator, 
pointed  out  to  me  a  window-pane  in  that 
room  on  which  our  Queen  had  scratched, 
with  a  diamond,  in  goodly  sized  characters, 
her  name  '*  ALEXANDRA."  I  confess,  as  an 
Englishman,  I  felt  quite  proud  to  see  it 
•there  !  HARRY  HEMS. 

Fair  Park,  Exeter. 

PHRASES  AND  REFERENCE  (10th  S.  ii.  128).— 
"St.  Giles's  Cup. — At  the  Leper  Hospital  of 
•St.  Giles-in-the-Field 
'*'  the  prisoners  conveyed  from  the  city  of  London 
towards  Teyborne,  there  to  be  executed  for 
treasons,  felonies,  or  other  trespasses,  were  pre- 
sented with  a  great  bowl  of  ale,  thereof  to  drink  at 
their  pleasure,  as  to  be  their  last  refreshing  in  this 
life."— Stow's  'London,'  ed.  Thorns  (reprint  of  1603 
-edition),  p.  164 ;  or  ed.  Strype,  1720,  bk.  iv.  p.  74. 

The  latter  has  in  the  margin  "St.  Giles 

Bowl."  R.    B.    MCKERROW. 

A  wet  Quaker  is  described  in  the  'Slang 
Dictionary '  to  mean  a  man  who  pretends  to 
*be  religious  and  is  a  dram-drinker  on  the  sly. 

EVERARD  HOME   COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

[MR.  HOLDEX  MACM.ICHAEL  sends  a  similar  reply 
on  both  points.] 

"  CUTTWOORKES"  (10th  S.  ii.  149).— Outwork 
was  the  name  of  a  particular  kind  of  lace  or 
embroidery,  for  which  see  *  N.E.D.' 

W.  C.  B. 

Probably  woodcut  work,  i.e.,  the  printing 
of  work  containing  cuts  or  illustrations 
('H.E.D.').  Outwork  was  also  open  work  in 
linen  stamped  or  cut  by  hand,  a  substitute 
for  thread  lace  or  embroidery.  See  quota- 
tions in  Nares's  '  Glossary.' 

J.   HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 
[DR.  FORSHAW  also  thanked  for  reply.] 

FRANCE  AND  CIVILIZATION  (10th  S.  i.  448  ; 
13). — That  Frenchmen  are  highly  civilized 
"there  can  be  no  doubt.  Any  one  having  the 
privilege  of  a  Frenchman's  friendship  has  a 
valuable  possession.  I  have  wandered  east 
and  wandered  west,  and,  so  far  as  the  peoples 
of  the  world  go,  I  have  put  a  girdle  round 
the  globe ;  and  although  much  might  be 
said,  and  well-nigh  convincingly,  in  favour 
of  any  one  of  several  races  in  the  Indian 
Empire,  I  am  of  the  opinion  that  the  Chinese 
are  the  most  highly  civilized.  Their  diplo- 
•raacy  is  second  to  none.  As  negotiators  and 
business  men  they  are  unrivalled,  and  they 
have  carried  Socialism  to  such  a  state  of 
perfection  that  they  have  practically  a  finer 
•development  of  the  feudal  system.  Their 
philanthropic  and  charitable  institutions  are 
as  wonderful  as  they  are  admirable.  As 


regards  the  women,  their  hair  is  very  tidy, 
and  tastefully  and  reasonably  put  up.  Their 
dress  is  sensible  and  modest,  and  the  gold 
and  silver  of  their  ornaments  are  purer  than 
the  women  of  most  other  nations  can  show. 
On  the  subject  of  foot- binding,  which  is 
dying  out,  there  is  more  than  999  men  out  of 
1,000  are  aware  of  to  be  said  in  favour  of 
that  process.  Here  is  what  Dr.  Arthur 
Stanley,  M.P.H.  for  the  English  and  American 
Settlements  at  Shanghai,  says  in  a  paper  on 
*  Chinese  Hygiene '  issued  with  his  report  for 
1903.  After  having  referred,  inter  alia,  to  the 
facts  that  Chinese  hygiene  is  the  product  of 
an  evolution  extending  more  than  2,000  years 
before  the  Christian  era,  and  that  the 
Chinese  inoculated  for  smallpox  when  our 
ancestors  were  painting  themselves  with 
woad,  he  concludes  thus : — 

"Antiquity  in  national  life  is  good  because  it 
allows  evolution  to  have  full  development.  In 
social  etiquette,  for  example,  ceremonials  have 
been  gradually  perfected  through  long  periods  of 
time,  so  that  their  modes  of  social  intercourse  are 
the  most  punctilious  and  refined.  In  general  life  it 
is  admitted,  by  those  who  have  frequent  inter- 
course, that  the  Chinese  gentleman  is  the  most 
polite  in  the  world." 

Much  depends  on  what  is  meant  by  civiliza- 
tion ;  but  the  points  mentioned  are  sufficiently 
applicable  to  be  worth  recording. 

Dun  AH  Coo. 
Hongkew. 

LARGEST  PRIVATE  HOUSE  IN  ENGLAND  (10th 
S.  ii.  29,  133).— The  Daily  Chronicle  for 
29  March  last  was  perfectly  correct  in  its 
assumption  that  Wentworth  Woodhouse  is 
the  largest  private  house  in  England.  The 
noble  owner  (Lord  Fitzwilliara)  has  kindly 
given  me  the  following  details  relative  to  it : 
"  It  has  21  entrances,  365  windows,  covers  an 
area  of  six  acres  of  land,  and  contains  over 
150  rooms.  Its  length  is  700ft.,  and  the 
breadth  is  about  300ft." 

During  the  World's  Fair  at  Chicago  in 
1893  I  spent  four  or  five  months  in  the 
Manufactures  Building  within  the  grounds 
at  Jackson's  Park.  It  had  been  designed 
by  Mr.  George  B.  Post,  of  New  York,  and, 
in  spite  of  its  immensity,  was  an  edifice 
of  singularly  fair  proportions.  The  largest 
covered  erection  ever  built,  it  measured 
1,687ft.  by  787ft.,  and  had  a  height,  in  the 
clear,  of  202  ft.  9  in.  Its  ground  area  was 
30—47  acres,  and  it  possessed  a  capability 
:or  seating  300,000  persons.  These  par- 
ticulars I  take  from  'The  World's  Columbian 
Exposition  Official  Catalogue,'  a  most  ex- 
mustive  volume,  issued  complete  upon  the 
day  the  exhibition  was  opened  (1  May) 


198 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  SEPT.  3, 190*. 


bv  President  Cleveland.  It  was  published 
by  W.  B.  Conkey  &  Co.,  of  Chicago.  Its 
editor  was  an  Englishman,  Charles  H. 
Capern,  the  only  son  of  Edward  Capern, 
the  Bideford  rural  postman  poet,  who  died 
4  June,  1894,  aged  seventy-five,  and  is  buried 
in  Heaton  Punchardon  (North  Devon) 
Churchyard.  Let  into  the  upper  part  of 
the  Dartmoor  granite  headstone  that  marks 
the  spot  is  the  actual  postman's  bell  this 
singularly  endowed  genius  used  to  carry 
upon  his  daily  rounds.  HARRY  HEMS. 

BROOM  SQUIRES  (10th  S.  ii.  145).—  As  a  lad 
I  often  watched  besom-makers  at  work  in 
Derbyshire  lanes.  They  made  the  besoms 
in  broom  and  birch,  and  one  man  finished  off 
those  made  of  broom  by  evenly  cutting  the 
ends,  and  the  rest  called  him  the  broom- 
squarer.  This  was  work  which  required  a 
deft  hand  and  a  sharp  knife.  The  besoms 
made  of  birch  were  left  with  un  trimmed 
ends,  and  were  used  for  side-sweeping,  or 
drawing  together  loose  corn  on  barn  floors, 
while  the  others  were  used  as  the  ordinary 
sweeping-brush  is  used.  It  would  be  well  if 
every  county  could  be  treated  as  Gertrude 
Jekyll  deals  with  "  Old  West  Surrey." 

THOS.  HATCLIFFE. 

SCOTCH  WORDS  AND  ENGLISH  COMMENTA- 
TORS (10th  S.  i.  261,  321,  375,  456  ;  ii.  75).— 
Does  not  this  surpass  the  "flight  of  MR. 
BAYNE'S  reviewer  far  enough  to  deserve  record 
in  '  N.  &  Q.'  ?  It  is  the  opening  sentence  in 
an  advance  notice  of  a  book  about  New  York 
City,  written  by  a  Westerner,  who  can  tell 
more  about  Manhattan  Island  than  is  known 
by  most  of  its  lifelong  residents  :  "  The 
4  Gif  tie  '  is  about  to  '  gie  '  us  the  power  for 
which  Eobert  Burns  sighed  in  vain." 

M.  C.  L. 

New  York. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &o. 

Christopher  Marlowe  and  hi*  Associates.    By  John 

H.  Ingram.  (Grant  Richards.) 
THE  difficulties  which  beset  the  writer  of  a  life  of 
Christopher  Marlowe  are  almost  as  great  as  those 
to  which  innumerable  would-be  biographers  of 
Shakespeare  have  succumbed.  But  few  facts  or 
traditions  are  in  existence,  and  such  as  survive  are 
distasteful  to  those  who  think  that  moral  short- 
coming. or  even  the  unrestrained  impetuosity  of 
youth,  is  irreconcilable  with  the  possession  of  the 
most  eminent  poetical  and  imaginative  gifts.  In 
the  case  of  Shakespeare,  the  resented  legends— 
which  show  him  chasing  the  king's  deer,  contending 
with  rivals  for  easily  won  and  cheaply  awarded 
female  favours,  or  leaving  behind  him  in  Oxford, 
on  his  way  to  London  from  Stratford,  a  child  by 
the  handsome  wife  of  a  vintner  and  publican—  rest 


on  the  allegations  or  insinuations  of  such  men  of 
later  date  as  Wood,  Oldys,  and  Aubrey.  With- 
Marlowe  the  case  is  different.  The  charges  brought 
against  him  are  those  of  contemporaries  and 
intimates,  and  evidence  is  forthcoming  that  the 
Privy  Council  concerned  itself  about  his  doings,, 
and,  to  put  things  mildly,  was  nowise  contented 
with  his  proceedings.  No  more  satisfactory  to- 
Mr.  Ingram  is  the  direct  evidence  of  Marlowe's 
associates  than  were  —  let  us  say  to  Halliwell- 
Phillipps-the  allegations  and  insinuations  of  the 
collectors  of  gossip,  and  a  main  purpose  of  the  new 
life  of  Marlowe  is  to  brand  with  malignancy  or 
mendacity  those  on  whose  shoulders  rest  the  worst 
charges  against  the  poet.  Holding  widely  different 
views  from  Mr.  Ingram  as  to  the  necessity  of  moral 
and  intellectual  worth  running  side  by  side,  as  it 
were  in  a  curricle,  we  find  his  arguments  speciali 
pleading,  and  rise  from  the  perusal  of  his  work  a., 
trifle  resentful  and  wholly  unconvinced.  That  his- 
book  is  interesting,  agreeable,  and  erudite  we  con- 
cede ;  we  yield  in  no  respect  to  him  in  admiration, 
of  Marlowe's  genius,  and  we  have  read  with  interest 
and  admiration  the  analyses  of  works  by  which  we 
were  spell-bound  much  more  than  half  a  cen- 
tury ago.  That  the  character  of  Marlowe  is  white- 
washed by  these  labours  we  do  not  hold.  It  is  not  to- 
vindicate  a  man  to  call  him,  by  &petitio  principii, 
"the  gentle,  kind,  youthful  Cantab."  Such  an* 
epithet  might  have  suited  Shelley  had  his  univer- 
sity been  Cambridge  instead  of  Oxford  ;  but,  though 
both  men  were  alike  in  the  attitude  of  revolt,  we 
find  nothing  in  the  earlier  to  justify  the  use  of  such 
terms.  The  only  way  of  exalting  Marlowe  is  by 
depreciating  his  assailants.  Greene's  '  Groat's- 
worth  of  Wit'  is  called  by  Mr.  Ingram— apparently, 
since  it  is  in  quotation  marks,  at  second  hand — 
"  that  crazy  death-bed  wail  of  a  weak  and  malignant 
spirit."  Greene  was  not,  indeed,  very  highly  prized) 
by  his  fellows,  and  Richard  Simpson,  in  his  '  School) 
of  Shakespeare,'  rates  his  character  almost  as  low- 
as  Mr.  Ingram.  The  accusations  brought  against. 
Marlowe  in  the  Harleian  MSS.  are  treated  as- 
doubtful.  Baines's  'Letter'  is  called  Baines's  libel.. 
Beard's  'Theatre  of  God's  Judgments'  is  spoken 
of  as  "one  of  the  filthiest  of  the  evil-minded  school 
to  which  it  owes  its  origin."  Again,  it  is  called 
"Beard's  bestial  book."  All  who  write  against 
Marlowe  are,  indeed,  disparaged  or  discredited. 
By  proceedings  such  as  this  it  is,  of  course,  possible 
to  establish  Villon  as  moral  and  Marot  as  chaste. 
We  hold  no  brief  against  Marlowe,  and  have  no 
objection  to  being  convinced  of  the  falsehood  of  the-, 
accusations  against  him.  We  think,  however,, 
the  labour  that  is  undertaken  is  unremunerative- 
and  futile.  From  the  point  of  view  of  criticism 
Mr.  Ingram's  work  is  excellent;  it  is  handsomely 
got  up  and  well  illustrated.  No  portrait  of  Marlowe 
is  known  to  exist.  The  frontispiece  consists  of  a 
Dulwich  portrait  of  Edward  Alleyn.  Other  por- 
traits are  of  Tom  Hobson,  the  Cambridge  Carrier  ; 
Matthew  Parker;  Richard  Boyle,  Earl  of  Cork; 
Charles  Howard,  the  High  Admiral ;  Shakespeare  ;. 
Drayton ;  Raleigh;  Chapman;  and  the  Earls  of" 
Northumberland  and  Pembroke.  Other  illustra- 
tions are  of  Canterbury,  Cambridge,  and  Deptford. 

Studies  in  Dante.  Third  Series.   By  Edward  Moore, 

D.D.     (Oxford,  Clarendon  Press.) 
IN  the  third  series  of  his  '  Studies  in  Dante  '  Canorv 
Moore  departs  from  both  the  previous  series,  but 
leans,  however,  rather  to  the  second  than  the  first.. 


.  ii.  SKI-T.  3,1901.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


In  the  earliest  he  aimed  principally  at  exhibiting 
the  encyclopaedic  character  of  the  erudition  of  the 
great  Florentine,  and  the  use  he  made  of  Scripture 
and  of  the  classics  ;  in  the  second  he  dealt  with  the 
question  of  Dante  s  orthodoxy,  with  his  classifica- 
tion of  sins  in  the  'Inferno'  and  ' Purgatorio,'  and 
with  his  general  influence  as  a  religious  teacher. 
He  now  casts  light  upon  such  difficult  matters  as 
the  astronomy  of  Dante  and  his  geography,  and 
such  disputed    points    as    the    date   assumed    for 
the  *  yision  of    the   Divina  Commedia'   and    the 
'  (Genuineness  of   the  Dedicatory  Epistle    to  Can 
Grande.'    These  things  belong  to  the  ordinary  task 
of  the  commentator.    In  '  Symbolism  and  Prophecy 
in  the  "  Purgatorio,"  xxviii.  to  xxxiii.,' he  gets  on 
points  which  are  less  abstract  and  more  contro- 
versial.   Part  ii.  in  this  chapter  is  concerned  with 
the  *  Reproaches  of  Beatrice.'    Here  once  more  our 
author   shows    himself  a  stickler    for  the  purity 
and  nobility  of  Dante's  life.    In  the  'Purgatorio,' 
xxx.  55,  Beatrice  begins  an  arraignment  of  Dante, 
whom,  it  is  worth    observing,  she   addresses  for 
the  first  and  only  time  by  his  name,  rebuking  him 
'  for  his  shortcomings.     This  episode,  by  which  what 
is  called  the  Apocalyptic  Vision  of  the  Earthly 
Paradise  was  interrupted,  has,  as  is  well   known, 
been  much  discussed.    An  accepted  theory  is  that 
after  the  death  of  Beatrice,  and  the  consequent  loss 
of  her  sweet  restraining  and  elevating  influence, 
Dante  abandoned  himself  to  sensual  indulgence,  to 
the  pursuit  of  the  pargoletta  or  silly  girl,  and  other 
vanities.  Canon  Moore  will  not  accept  this  reading, 
which  is  supported    by  Boccaccio.      Dante,  who 
pleads  guilty  to  the  indictment  brought  against 
him,  is  at  least  entitled  to  a  verdict  of  non-proven 
as  regards  any  definite  charge  of  sensual  passion  or 
immoral  life.    No  claim  is,  however,  put  in  for  spot- 
less and  saintly  self-control.    On  the  contrary,  his 
admirers,  it  is  held,  "do  him  an  ill  service  when 
they  insist  on  his  being  treated  as  either  intellec- 
tually infallible  or  morally  impeccable."    We  are  so 
far  in  accord  with  our  author  as  to  hold  that  "the 
self-accusations  of  a  sensitive  and  contrite  spirit" 
— and  sometimes  a  spirit  that  is  neither  sensitive 
nor   contrite  — "  with  a  lofty   standard    of   duty 
are  not  to  be  interpreted  by  the  measure  of  dull 
average  humanity."       Soniething   like  this    view 
Canon  Moore  maintains  in  the  second   series    of 
studies.      Dante's  experience  finds,   it   is  said,  a 
parallel  in   that  of  Goethe  and  Shelley  in  their 
youth.     We  are  content,  however,  to  take  that 
of  Hamlet,  whose  self-arraignment  is  kindred  with 
that  of  Dante.    Dr.  Moore  lays  down  as  the  start- 
ing-point of  all  his  explanations  "  the  real  personal 
existence  of  Beatrice."      He  feels  scarcely  more 
assured  of  the  existence  of  Dante  himself;    and 
though  he  does  not  absolutely  affirm  after  Boccaccio 
.that  she  was  necessarily  Beatrice  Portinari,  he  sees 
no  sufficient  reason  for  denying  it.   As  to  the  date  of 
the  '  Divine  Comedy,'  Dr.  Moore  holds  to  1300,  the 
Good  Friday  of  which  occurred  on  8  April.    This 
date,  which  is  not  wholly  an  unimportant  matter, 
has  been  generally  accepted  until  recent  days,  when 
some   advocates    of    1301    have    made  themselves 
heard.    As  regards  the  Epistle  to  Can  Grande,  the 
evidence,  both  external  and  internal,  seems,  accord- 
ing to  our  commentator,  to  be  favourable  to  its 
authenticity.    Two  of  the  articles  included  in  the 
present  volume  have  already  seen  the  light  in  the 
Quartt  rhi   1!(  ri<w.      These  have,   however,   under- 
gone modification  and  enlargement.     The  general 
contents   of    the  work    are    inferior  to    those    in 


neither  of  the  previous  volumes,  and  the  whole- 
constitutes  a  mass  of  valuable  and  illuminatory 
criticism  and  comment. 

Acts  ofthePrinj  Council  of  England.    New  Series. 
Vol.  XXVIII.  AD.  1597-8.     Edited  by  John  Roche 
Dasent,  C.B.    (Kyre  <fc  Spottiswoode.) 
UNDER   the  careful  and  competent  editorship  of 
Mr.  Dasent,  one  more  volume  of  the  'Acts  of  the 
Privy  Council'  sees  the  light.    This  volume  con- 
tains the  whole  of  the  MS.  known  in  the  Council 
Office  Collection  as  Elizabeth,  Vol.  XIV.,  and  is, 
says  Mr.  Dasent,  a  fine  volume  in  good  preserva- 
tion.     Not    particularly    eventful    is    the     year 
chronicled.    A  large  percentage  of  the  entries  deal 
with  Irish  affairs.      There  are  many  memoranda 
concerning    crippled    soldiers,    who     are    always 
spoken    o!    in    commendably    sympathetic    terms. 
A  good  deal  is  said  about  Don  Francisco  d'Aquila 
Averado,  the  Spanish  Governor  of  Dunkirk,  who 
was  taken  prisoner  by  the  garrison  of  Ostend.     On 
his  delivery  into  her  hands  Queen  Elizabeth  insists. 
He  proves,  however,  a  white  elephant,  and  in  July- 
is    dispatched   back    to    Sir  Edward    Norreys    at 
Ostend.    An  attempted  Spanish  invasion  proves  no- 
more  successful  than  that  of  the  Invincible  Armada, 
and  the  vessels  are  compelled  to  fly  in   confusion 
back  to  Spain  from  the  buffeting  they  receive  in  the 
Channel.    There  is  still  much  ado  about  recusants, 
though  less  than  in  previous  years,  and  an  order  is 
made  that  part  of  the  contents  of  a  bark  which 
belongs  to  certain  merchants  of  Wexford  is  to  be 
burnt  as  Popish  "trumpery  "in  the  open  market- 
place of  the  town   of    Perin.     The  Lord  Bishop- 
of    Dursmej  (sic)  is  told  of  "a  very  lewde  facte 
lately  comitted  by  one  Barnaby  Barnes,  son  to  your 
Lordships  predicessor,  the  late  Bishop  of  Dursme, 
in  attempting  to  ppyson  John  Browne,  the  Recorder 
of  Barwick."    This  can  be  none  other  than  Barnabe 
Barnes  the  poet,  who  was  the  son  of  a  bishop  of 
Durham,  and  was  spoken  of  by  his  playhouse  con- 
temporaries as  a  coward  and  a  braggart.    Torture 
was  often  resorted  to  in  the  case  of  a  suspected, 
murderer.    A  murder  of  a  certain  Richard  Anger,, 
"double  reader"   of  Gray's  Inn,  is  sufficiently 
melodramatic,   the  son  of  the  deceased  man,  also- 
called  Richard  Anger,  and  Edward  Ingram,  a  porter 
of  Gray's  Inn,  being  suspected  of  the  crime.    The- 
fact   is    duly   qualified    as    "  horrible "    that     an- 
"auncyent  gentleman  should  be  murthered  in  his- 
chamber."    There  are  allusions  to  Lord  Hunsdon's 
and  the  Earl  of  Nottingham's  players,  and  there  is- 
an  order  on  19  February  to    the    Master  of  the 
"  Revelles,"  and  Justices  of  Peace  of  Middlesex  and' 
Surrey,  to  suppress  an  unlicensed   company  that 
is  used    to  play,  "having  neither    prepared    any 
plaie  for  her  Majestic,  nor  are  bound  to  you,  the- 
Masters  [*ic]  of  the  Revelles." 

Poems  by  John  Keats.    (Henry  Frowde.) 
THE  "  Oxford  Miniature  Edition  of  Poets"  includes 
a  delightful  edition  of  Keats.     It  may  be  comfort- 
ably carried  in    the  waistcoat    pocket.      Experto 
rede.    It  now  rests,  and  will  rest,  in  our  own. 

THE  paper  on  '  Sir  John  Davis'  in  the  Edinbim/h 
Review  for  July  is  of  special  interest.  It  is  not 
only  valuable  as  an  historical  sketch,  but  will  do 
something,  if  only  a  very  little,  to  lift  "  the  cloud  of 
unknowing"  which  still  hangs  over  the  history 
of  Ireland.  Davis  was  a  lawyer  of  considerable 
ability,  though,  perhaps,  not  among  our  greatest. 
He  was,  moreover,  regarded  in  his  own  time  as  a 


200 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       cio-  s.  u.  SEPT.  3, 1904. 


•poet  of  some  power,  though  not  equal  to  some  of 
Ms  contemporaries.  On  this  matter  the  modern 
student  who  examines  his  writings  carefully  will 
probably  see  no  reasons  for  reversing  the  judgment 
of  his  own  time,  though  he  will  frequently  find  him 
not  a  little  dull.  He  was  long  resident  in  Ireland, 
but  never  severed  his  connexion  with  the  English 
Bar.  He  was  counsel  for  the  Crown  in  the  trial 
of  the  Countess  of  Somerset  for  the  murder  of  Sir 
"Thomas  Overbury  (not  Lord  Overbury,  as  the 
writer  calls  him).  He  was  also  for  a  time  Speaker 
of  the  Irish  House  of  Commons.  Though  not  a 
^politician  in  advance  of  his  age,  he  was  a  great 
-administrator,  who,  if  a  free  hand  could  have  been 
given  to  him,  would  have  ruled  with  justice,  and 
^we  believe  with  clemency.  His  death  was  tragic. 
He  was  appointed  Lord  Chief  Justice  of  England, 
l)ut  died  the  very  day  on  which  he  should  have 
taken  his  seat.  The  second  volume  of  the  'Cam- 
bridge Modern  History,'  which  relates  to  the 
period  of  the  Reformation,  is  analyzed  with  great 
-care.  Very  little  partisan  feeling  is  shown.  We 
•regard  the  estimate  of  the  character  of  Charles  V. 
as  among  the  fairest  we  have  ever  seen,  but  cannot 
•speak  so  highly  of  that  of  Luther.  The  writer, 
however,  points  out  that  "  of  toleration  Luther  had 
as  little  idea  as  Charles  V.  himself."  The  view 
taken  of  the  Council  of  Trent  is  not  so  wide  and 
elastic  as  was  to  be  desired.  'The  Life  in  the 
Universe'  is  a  review  of  Dr.  Alfred  Wallace's 
volume  that  attracted  so  much  attention  a  short 
-time  ago.  The  writer  is,  on  the  whole,  in  sympathy 
with  Dr.  Wallace,  his  criticisms  are  always  fair, 
and  he  points  out  with  great  ability  and  force  the 
strong  objections  which  may  be  taken  against  there 
Toeing  life  in  any  of  the  heavenly  bodies  except  the 
one  we  inhabit.  Until,  however,  we  know  in  what 
life  consists,  a  question  which  is  as  obscure  to  us 
to-day  as  it  was  to  the  mediaeval  schoolmen,  we 
can  never  do  more  than  guess  as  to  whether  it  has 
limitations,  and  if  it  has,  in  what  they  consist. 
4  The  History  of  Magic  during  the  Christian  Era' 
;is  a  paper  which  will  be  of  interest  to  folk-lorists, 
as  it  is  based  on  a  wide  knowledge  of  occult  phe- 
•nomena.  *  The  Pathway  of  Reality '  is  a  review  of 
the  Right  Hon.  R.  B.  Haldane's  Gifford  Lectures. 
It  is  hard  reading,  but  will  be  found  instructive  by 
those  who  can  follow  the  argument. 

IN  the  English  Historical  Review  for  July 
Prof.  Firth  has  issued  the  third  section  of  his 
papers  on  Clarendon's  'History  of  the  Rebellion.' 
He  takes  a  somewhat  more  favourable  view  than 
we  do  of  the  historian,  although  he  fully  realizes 
Ms  limitations.  For  example,  he  points  out  his 
unfairness  to  Goring.  No  one  in  these  days,  we 
-imagine,  who  is  acquainted  with  his  character  could 
become  a  partisan  of  Goring.  His  private  life  had 
many  defects,  and  as  a  soldier  very  little  can  be  set 
•down  to  his  credit;  but  justice  is  due  to  all  men, 
and  in  awarding  this  Clarendon  has  failed.  The 
account  of  the  escape  of  Balfour  and  the  Parlia- 
mentary horse  at  the  time  of  the  catastrophe  in 
•Cornwall,  when  Essex's  infantry  were  compelled  to 
surrender,  is  attributed  by  Clarendon  to  Goring's 
negligence,  or  something  worse.  Walker,  however, 
who  is  commonly  trustworthy,  tells  us  quite  a 
•different  story,  showing  that  Goring  was  stationed 
so  that  it  was  impossible  for  him  to  obstruct  the 
Parliamentarian  cavalry.  "The  truth  is,"  Mr. 
Firth  says,  "  that  he  [Clarendon]  and  Goring  had 
quarrelled  in  1645,  and  he  could  believe  anything  to 


the  discredit  of  his  enemy."  Dr.  Garnett  gives 
some  interesting  letters,  hitherto  unpublished, 
which  passed  between  Herring,  Archbishop  of 
York,  and  Lord  Chancellor  Hardwicke,  during  the 
Jacobite  rising  of  1745.  They  were  great  friends, 
and  expressed  their  feelings  to  each  other  in  the 
most  open  manner.  The  archbishop  was  loyal  to 
Protestantism  and  the  House  of  Hanover,  and 
seems  to  have  had  something  beyond  a  political 
regard  for  George  II.  On  7  September  he  says, 
"town  I  am  frightened  at  our  present  position, 
and  it  looks  like  a  demonstration  to  me  that  we  are 
now,  as  to  the  health  of  the  body  politic,  in  the 
condition  of  a  man  who  does  not  ask  his  doctor 
whether  he  may  recover,  but  how  long  he  thinks  he 
can  hold  out."  Prof.  Bury  contributes  an  im- 
portant study  of  certain  early  documents  relating 
to  St.  Patrick.  To  appreciate  his  arguments  fully, 
it  is  necessary  to  be  master  of  the  Celtic  language. 
Miss  Bateson  has  discovered  and  printed  an  English 
Court  Leet  record  of  Peterborough  for  1461.  It 
differs  from  the  Latin  text,  and  is  fuller  also.  It 
is  important  as  showing  how  public  records  did  not 
on  all  occasions  give  the  whole  of  what  was  sworn 
in  court.  Mr.  Robert  S.  Rait  contributes  an  excel- 
lent paper  on  the  late  Prof.  Powell.  We  perhaps 
need  hardly  say  that  the  reviews,  which  occupy 
a  considerable  space,  are  written  with  the  usual 
ability. 

TIIK  first  folk-lore  postcard  is  issued  by  Mr.  R.  R. 
Edwards,  of  Castle  Street,  Salisbury,  and  shows  the 
Wiltshire  moonrakers,  "  down  'Vizes  way,"  striving 
to  rake  the  moon  out  of  the  river. 


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io*  s.  ii.  SEPT.  a,  19M.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

THE        A  T  H  E  N  JE  U  M, 

PUBLISHED    TO-DAY, 

Contains  Articles  on  the  Books  published  on  the  Continent  in  1903-4. 
Among  the  Books  mentioned  are  : — 

BELGIUM. 

VERHAE  REN'S     'Les      TENDRESSES  1  STUN  STREUVEL'S  *  VILLAGE  LOVE/ 
PREMIERES.' 

FRANCE. 

P.   and  V.   MARGUERITTE'S   'La    COM-    HERVIEU'S  <Le  D^DALE/ 


MUNE/ 

BOURGET'S  'L'EAU  PROFONDE/ 
SARDOU'S  'La  SORCIERE/ 


LOUIJS'S  'SANGUINES/ 
BRUNETIERE'S    'CINQ     LETTRES    sur 


RENAN.' 


GERMANY. 


SUDERMANN'S     '  Der     STURMGESELLE 

SOKRATES.' 

SCHNITZLEfrS  'Der  EINSAME  WEG/ 
WEDEKIND'S  '  SO  1ST  das  LEBEN/ 
HAUPTMANN'S  '  ROSE  BERNDT/ 


HALBE'S  'Der  STROM/ 
KEYSERLING'S  '  BEATE  und  MAREILE/ 
MANN'S  'TRISTAN/ 
POLENZ'S  « ERNTEZEIT.7 
LETTERS  of  STORM  and  KELLER. 


HUNGARY. 

JASZFS  'ART  and  MORALS/ 


SPAIN. 

TWO  PLAYS  by  GALDOS. 


ITALY. 


D'ANNUNZIO'S  '  La  FIGLIA  di  JORIO/ 
MARTINI'S  LETTERS  of  GIUSTI. 


VENTURI'S  'STORIA  dell'  ARTE. 


POLAND. 

SMARZEWSKI'S  'HOLIDAY  in  ENGLAND/ 

RUSSIA. 

MEREZHKOVSKI'S  '  PETER  and  ALEXIS/  i  SHAKESPEARE      and     other     ENGLISH 
GORKI'S  'MAN/  CLASSICS  in  RUSSIAN. 

BOGUSLAVSKF8  'JAPAN/ 


The  Contents  also  include  a  Review  of  Alfred  Stead's 
1  Japan  by  the  Japanese/ 

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B    N    E    R    A    L 

OF 

NOTES      AND       QUERIES. 

With  Introduction  by  JOSEPH  KNIGHT,  F.S.A. 

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io"  s.  ii.  SEPT.  10, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


201 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  10,  1901,. 


CONTENTS.-No.  37. 

NOTES  -.—High  Peak  Words,  201— Cowper  Letters,  203- 
Cawood  Family— Pin  Witchery,  205— Nicholas  Morton- 
Tiffin—'  Barnaby  Rudge ':  Two  Slips— Lockhart's  '  Spanish 
Ballads,'  20d-Khaki -Principal  Tulliedeph,  207. 

QUERIES  :— Grievance  Office:  John  Le  Keux  — Morland 
and  Corfe  Castle— Glad  win  Family,  207— Audience  Meadow 
— Jane  Stuart— Authors  of  Quotations  Wanted — Jersey 
Wheel— Thomas  Tany,  208— J.  Hanson— Missing  London 
Skatues— St.  Thomas  Wohope— Disproportion  of  Sexes- 
Bread  for  the  Lord's  Day,  209. 

REPLIES  :— Pitt  Club,  210  — Duchess  Sarah,  211  — Port 
Arthur — Pilgrims'  Ways—"  Lanarth,"  212— Shakespeare's 
Sonnet  xxvi.,  213— Waggoner's  Wells -"Kaboose"—"  Cry 
you  mercy,  I  took  you  for  a  joint-stool"  —  FitzGerald 
Bibliography,  214  —  Fotheringay  —  Parish  Clerk,  215  — 
Vaccination  and  Inoculation— Silk  Men  :  Silk  Throwsters, 
216— Whitsunday,  217— "Vine"  Tavern,  Mile  End,  218. 

JfOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— Copinger's  'County  of  Suffolk'— 
King's  '  Classical  and  Foreign  Quotations  '  —  Samuel 
Butler's  '  Essays '  —  '  Great  Masters ' — '  Yorkshire  Notes 
and  Queries  '— '  Burlington  '—Reviews  and  Magazines. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


HIGH  PEAK  WORDS. 

DURING  the  last  two  summers  I  have  spent 
some  months  in  a  part  of  the  High  Peak  of 
Derbyshire  which  is  rich  in  old  words.  The 
village  of  Little  Hucklow,  where  I  have  a 
privilege— &  term  which  will  be  explained 
further  on — is  about  two  miles  from  Tides- 
well.  It  is  described  in  Domesday  as  waste, 
not  because  it  was  desolated  by  William  the 
•Conqueror,  but  because  the  land  was  then 
untilled,  as  much  of  it  is  still.  We  are  a 
thousand  feet  above  the  sea  level ;  only  a  few 
acres  are  ploughed,  the  rest  being  grass  or 
moorland.  Lead  -  mining,  which  had  been 
carried  on  in  this  neighbourhood  from  the 
Roman  occupation,  has  decayed  of  late  years, 
owing  to  the  importation  of  foreign  lead. 
The  miners'  houses  have  decayed  also ;  only 
the  farmsteads  have  escaped  the  general  ruin. 
The  soil  is  a  thin,  black  mould  ;  the  subsoil  is 
unfertile  and  brown,  and  is  called  fox-earth. 
Beneath  the  subsoil  are  limestone  rocks. 
There  are  lows  or  barrows  on  all  sides,  with 
here  and  there  a  great  white  heap  of  spar  or 
refuse  from  the  mines,  called  feeth,  possibly  a 
variant  of  filth* 

Nearly  every  old  or  middle-aged  man  that 
you  meet  has  been  a  lead-miner.  These  men 

*  Cp.  stercuafwi,  and  scoria. 


love  to  talk  of  their  earlier  days  and  of  a 
craft  which  abounded  in  old  words.  For 
instance,  there  is  the  word  ling.  According 
to  Tapping's  glossary,  *'  bine/  or  round  ore  is 
the  Derbyshire  mining  term  for  the  purer, 
richer,  and  cleaner  part  of  the  fell  or  boose," 
and  "king-place  or  bing-stead  is  the  ware- 
house or  repository  to  which  the  bing  is 
brought  in  order  to  undergo  the  operations 
of  the  crushing  mill."  The  fact,  however,  is 
that  a  bing  is  a  semicircular  building,  pro- 
jecting from  one  of  the  gables,  and  sometimes 
from  one  of  the  sides,  of  a  miner's  coe  or 
cabin.  It  has  a  lean-to  roof,  is  without  a 
window,  and  opens  into  the  cabin  as  a 
chancel  opens  into  the  nave  of  a  church.  In 
a  word,  it  is  a  rudimentary  apse,  into  which 
the  miner,  in  sorting  out  his  ore,  threw  the 
pees,  or  richer  pieces  of  lead.  Not  one  of  the 
quondam  lead-miners  to  whom  I  have  men- 
tioned the  word  knows  it  in  the  sense  of 
"  round  ore,"  or  any  kind  of  ore,  and  they 
seem  amused  when  I  suggest  such  a  meaning. 
It  is  possible  that  elsewhere  in  Derbyshire 
the  sense  of  u  apse  "  or  recess  may  have  been 
transferred  to  the  material  in  the  recess. 

Another  common  mining  word  is  lew.  A 
lew  is  an  instrument  used  for  separating  the 
particles  of  lead  from  the  refuse  with  which 
they  are  mixed.  One  might  compare  it  to  a 
sieve  if  it  had  not  a  canvas  bottom.  When 
the  lew  is  moved  backwards  and  forwards 
the  lighter  particles  rise  to  the  top,  as  cream 
does  in  a  separator,  and  the  lead  goes  to  the 
bottom.  The  man  who  did  this  work  was 
called  a  leiver,  and  the  process  itself  lewing. 
The  inlets  or  notches  on  the  barrel  of  a 
windlass  which  keep  the  chain  from  slipping 
are  known  as  crumps. 

The  land  on  which  a  house  stands,  in- 
cluding the  garden,  even  if  the  garden  be 
on  the  other  side  of  the  road,  is  called  a 


1^1  A  T  11. V£)VJ  )         CV1.AVA         JL          »»  C*O         W4VI          VUWV      CV      V/^v JL    l/Cb  1 11 

house  would  be  all  the  better  for  "a  little 
more  privilege."  In  this  part  of  Derbyshire, 
known  as  the  King's  Field,  any  man  could 
follow  a  vein  of  lead  across  any  other  man's 
ground, 

But  churches,  houses,  gardens,  all  are  free 
From  this  strange  custom  of  the  minery.* 

Hence  the  privilege  seems  to  have  been  a 
messuage  or  house-plot  which  was  sacred 
from  the  invasions  of  the  miners.  However, 
when  the  land  was  waste  only  house-plots 
could  have  been  held  in  several  ownership. 


*  Manlove's  'Liberties  and  Customes,'  &c.,  1653, 

!•  7. 


202 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  SEPT.  10,  im. 


I  was  told  that  some  trees  in  my  garden 
were  catch-crop  trees— i.e.,  they  were  self- 
sown  and  had  not  been  planted  there.  Here 
crop  seems  to  mean  "seed."  I  have  had  one 
of  them  cut  down,  though  I  was  warned  that 
the  trees  "made  the  house  leer ;  not  so  bream 
as  it  would  be  without  them."  This  word  leer 
is  the  comparative  of  lee,  warm,  usually  pro- 
nounced lay,  as  "  You  can  get  your  dinner 
under  that  lee  (lay)  wall."  It  seems  to  be 
the  O.N.  hlyr,  warm. 

One  day  I  found  that  the  roof  of  an  out- 
building on  my  privilege,  which  had  only 
lately  been  repaired,  was  leaking.  I  asked  a 
man  what  was  to  be  done  with  it,  and  he 
said,  "  Th'  mortar's  too  rad"  meaning  porous 
and  loose.  On  making  inquiry  from  others 
I  found  that  rad  mortar  contains  too  much 
sand  and  too  little  lime.  The  word  is  more 
frequently  applied  to  loosely- woven  texture 
of  any  kind  ;  thus,  stockings  are  rad  when 
they  are  too  lightly  knitted.  A  woman  here 
said  of  a  coarse  piece  of  woven  stuff,  "  It  wa' 
that  rad  that  hens  could  pick  oats  through  it." 

The  best  way  of  getting  rare  or  unrecorded 
words  used  in  agriculture  is  to  help  farmers 
in  their  work.  Acting  in  this  belief,  I  have 
helped  to  make  hay.  One  day  as  a  fox  terrier 
which  I  had  taken  with  me  ran  and  jumped 
about  in  the  mown  grass,  a  man  said, 
'*  He's  a  cumpersome  little  dog."  I  find  that 
playful  kittens  are  said  to  be  cumpersome 
(the  u  being  sounded  as  in  full) ;  so  are  horses 
which  jump  over  fences  and  will  not  be  kept 
within  bounds,  and  so  are  sportive  boys. 
Another  day,  when  I  came  late  into  the  field, 
a  farmer  laughed  and  said,  "  We  shall  quarter 
you  this  morning."  He  meant  "deduct  a 
quarter's  wages,"  such  apparently  having  once 
been  the  custom. 

As  the  sky  began  to  grow  dark  with  clouds 
somebody  said,  "It  bokes  like  rain."  This 
phrase,  I  find,  is  in  common  use,  arid  means 
forebodes,  threatens.  For  two  days  we  had 
alternate  sunshine  and  rain — the  worst  thing 
possible  for  the  hay.  When  we  returned  to 
the  field,  after  the  sun  had  shone  a  few  hours, 
a  man  said,  "Th'  hay's  brewing."  When  I 
asked  for  an  explanation  I  was  told  that 
brewing  was  the  same  as  "  weathering,"  and 
had  nothing  to  do  with  fermenting.  Wet 
hay  in  a  stack  sweats;  it  does  not  breiv. 
When  hay  is  breived  it  is  turned  brown,  as  I 
was  told,  by  the  sun  and  rain,  and  so  spoiled 
or  damaged.  I  asked  whether  a  man's  face 
could  be  breived  by  the  sun  and  rain,  but  was 
told  that  the  word  was  only  applied  to  hay. 

The  hay  was  raked  into  long  rows  called 
.casts t  otherwise  kesses,  apparently  from  the 
O.N.  koslr,  a  pile.  These  in  their  turn  are 


raked  up  into  winrows,  and  you  may  hear  a 
man  say,  "  Put  another  cast  into  that  ivin- 
row"  In  making  a  winrow,  one  windy  day, 
we  had  heaped  up  an  irregular  line,  when  a 
man  called  out,"  You  're  going  out  o'  th'  ranget 
altogether."  A  day  or  two  afterwards  the 
same  man  came  to  set  some  edging-stones  in 
my  garden.  He  did  this  correctly,  and  when 
I  remarked  that  the  stones  were  "  out  oS 
rangel,"  he  instantly  denied  it.  The  word, 
no  doubt,  means  "line,"  but  the  curious  thing 
is,  whilst  everybody  knows  the  phrase  "  out 
of  th'  rangel,"  nobody  can  tell  me  that  a  line 
is  called  a  rangel.  I  do  not  find,  for  example, 
that  they  speak  of  a  rangel  of  peas  or  beans* 
A  year  or  two  ago  I  saw  in  a  newspaper  an 
advertisement  of  a  "  wrangle  farm  "  in 
Lincolnshire,  whatever  that  may  be.  The 
swathe  rake  which  is  used  for  pulling  the  hay 
into  winrows  is  called  a  bonny  or  bonny- 
rake.  The  side-boards  of  the  cart  in  which 
the  hay  is  taken  from  the  field  are  called 
trippers.  The  act  of  gathering  the  last  wisp 
of  hay  or  straw  and  putting  it  on  the  waggon 
was  called  the  hare-catching,  and  I  am  told 
that  such  phrases  as  "We're  goin'  to  catch 
th'  hare  to-day  "  and  "  They  've  catched  tb' 
hare  and  put  it  i'  th'  barn"  were  used.  The 
explanation  belongs  to  a  highly  interesting 
branch  of  folk-lore. 

The  stone  floors  of  cottages  are  decorated 
round  their  edges  with  diagonal  lines  drawn 
with  pot-mould,  here  known  as  idol-back. 
Apparently  this  means  "image-mould.771 
Formerly  a  serpentine  line,  bending  in  and 
out,  with  a  dot  in  each  fold,  used  to  be 
drawn  on  the  tops  of  the  whitewashed  walls^ 
where  they  join  the  ceiling.  It  looks  like  an 
endless  snake,  and  was  known  as  "  the  wild 
worm  pattern,"  which  is  about  as  hard  to- 
understand  as  "wild  guess."  The  colour 
used  was  archil,  which  may  still  be  bought 
in  Tides  well.  It  is  a  rich  dark  blue,  like 
that  on  some  old  china. 

To  cramble  is  to  halt  or  walk  lame.  One- 
day  I  heard  a  child  say  that  her  doll's  arm? 
was  "  not  cracked  but  crapeledS  I  noticed 
that  there  were  little  fissures  in  the  enamel, 
which  was,  in  fact,  cracked,  though  the  arm 
was  not  broken.  You  may  hear  it  said  of  a 
tenant  that  "he  canno'  pay  his  rent  and; 
scores  "  (taxes).  This  word  occurs  frequently 
in  an  account  book,  dated  1750,  belonging  to- 
a  farmer  here,  where  it  is  often  written  cores* 
as  well  as  scores.  To  give  the  pronunciation 
of  the  last  quotation  correctly,  I  ought  to 
say  that  the  pronouns  he  and  we  are  sounded 
nearly  like  hay  and  way,  or  more  strictly 
like  the  ^  in  the  French  ete.  Pay  is  sounded* 
exactly  like  pea. 


io»  s.  ii.  SEPT.  10, 1904.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


203 


A  pig-sty  is  called  a  spot.  Thus,  I  heard  a 
woman  say  to  her  boy,  "  Take  him  [the  pig] 
into  th'  spot."  Besides  pig-spot  we  have 
hen-spot  and  calf-tpot.  In  my  'Sheffield 
Glossary '  I  have  mentioned  a  field  or  place 
called  Rotten  Spot.  This  seems  to  refer  to  a 
decayed  building  of  some  kind.  Lame  pigs 
are  said  to  be  Ticketed.  When  I  asked  whether 
a  certain  man  would  be  likely  to  buy  a  field 
which  was  going  to  be  sold,  the  reply  was, 
"  I  don't  think  he  '11  gad  at  it " — i.e.,  be  eager 
to  buy  it.  A  rope  or  piece  of  cloth  is  said  to 
chove  out  when  the  threads  become  untwisted 
or  unravelled.  Amongst  the  words  which 
rather  elude  definition  is  minger.  "  He  can 
minger  a  bit "  is  said  to  mean  "  He  can  do  odd 
jobs."  A  mingerer  is  an  amateur,  or  a  man 
who  knows  only  half  his  trade.  Steep  ground 
is  side-yeldincf. 

These  words  have  been  chosen  from  a  large 
stock  of  "  Derbicisms."  Writing  away  from 
my  books,  I  cannot  say  how  many  of  them 
are  to  be  found  in  dictionaries.  Some,  I  feel 
sure,  are  unknown,  and,  in  any  case,  I  have 
probably  given  fresh  illustrations  or  new 
meanings.  S.  O.  ADDY. 

(To  be  continued.) 


LETTERS  OF  WILLIAM  COWPER. 

(See  ante,  pp.  1,  42,  82,  122, 162.) 
Pp.  80-81  :— 

Letter  16  [should  be  19]. 
Date  March  13,  1770,  Bennet  Cfollege]. 
MY  DEAR  AUNT,— I  am  ashamed  of  my  long,  and 
very  blameable,  silence.  I  make  the  best  amends  I 
can  by  sending  you  the  best  news,  I  have  had  to 
communicate  this  many  a  day  !  You  have  heard  of 
my  brother's  most  dangerous  sickness  ;  he  seems  to 
be  recovering  very  fast;  and  the  most  delightful 
circumstance  of  the  dispensation  is,  that  our  gracious 
Lord  hath  taken  occasion  by  this  affliction,  to  open 
his  eyes  and  his  heart, — to  bring  him  to  the  acknow- 
ledgement of  the  truth  as  it  is  in  Jesus,  and  to  heal 
him  with  the  Holy  Spirit  of  promise.  I  have  not 
time  to  add  more  ;  I  hope  what  I  have  written, 
may  be  a  comfort  to  you.  May  it  till  your  heart 
with  praise. 

Yours  ever  in  the  Lord,  etc.  etc. 
P.  81  :— 

Letter  17  [should  be  20]. 

Date  March  24,  1770. 

Printed  in  Wright,  i.  117-18.  Mrs.  Cowper's 
marginal  notes :  "  Buried  at  Foxton,  about 
7  miles  from  Cambridge,  by  his  own  desire.' 
"See  letters  about  this  time,  p.  112  and 
onward."  The  two  sentences,  "  He  is  to  be 

buried this  event,"  omitted  in  MS. 

The  letters  are  resumed  on  pp.  85-7. 
Printed  in  Wright,   i.  123-5.     P.  124,  1.  11 
from  foot,  "the  school,"  MS.  "that  school 
1.  3  from  foot,  "Accordingly,"  MS.  "Accord-' 


ngly,  in  the  time  of  the  greatest  need."" 
P.  125,  11.  4-8,  "he  never  mentioned dis- 
covered it,"  omitted  in  MS.  ;  1.  17,  "  mean  I," 
MS.  "  mearly  "  (sic)  •  1.  18,  "  have  received,'7' 
MS.  u  receive ";  1.  19,  "light,"  MS.  "lights." 

The  last  paragraph,  "Mrs.  Unwin danger, "' 

omitted  in  MS.,  which  ends,  "  Yours,  my  dear 
"Jousin,  etc.  etc." 

Pp.  112-19. 

Printed  by  Newton  in  *  Adelphi,'  11802: 
(Sou  they 's  Bohn,  i.  151-64).  The  three  letters 
to  Newton  must  hereafter  be  inserted  in  their 
proper  place  in  the  correspondence.  Pp.  112- 
115,  Mrs.  Cowper's  note:  "The  following  is- 
an  extract  of  a  letter  from  my  cousin  Miv 
W.  C.  to  the  Kev.  Mr.  Newton,  March  11, 
1770,  dated  C— m— ge  "  (Cambridge).  Begins :. 
"  My  dear  friend,  I  am  in  haste."  Ends  : 
bonds  of  gospel  love.  W.  C."  Pp.  115-17  : 
Extract  of  another  letter  from  W.  C.  to- 
the  Rev.  Mr.  N.,  March  14,  1770."  Begins: 
"  In  the  evening  he  said."  Ends  :  "  justness 
my  own  opinion."  Pp.  117-19:  "What 
follows  is  in  W.  C.'s  letter  on  the  17th  instant." 
Begins:  "The  sweats  which."  Ends:  "issues- 
from  death." 

Pp.  160-61  :— 

Letter  17  [should  be  21]. 
Dated  0-y  (Olney),  March  3d,  1771. 

MY  DEAR  CpusiN,— I  was  unwilling  to  let  the- 
post  go  by,  without  my  earnest  congratulations  or* 
the  subject  of  your  last.  I  doubt  not,  all  your 
friends  rejoice  with  you,  but  none  has  so  much- 
cause  as  myself,  from  whom  sprang  all  the  danger 
there  was  of  a  disappointment.  I  consider  myself 
as  bound  to  acknowledge  the  goodness  of  the  Lord, 
in  this  instance,  equally  with  those,  who  seem 
more  immediately  concerned.  It  was  not  His- 
pleasure  that  I  should  succeed  in  the  business :  but 
at  the  same  time,  having  all  events  and  all  hearts 
in  His  hand,  He  provided  that  others  should  not 
suffer  by  my  miscarriage.  I  have  reason  to  praise 
Him  with  my  latest  breath,  for  this  and  every 
other  affliction  and  disappointment  I  have  met 
with.  I  knew  not  then,  but  I  know  now,  that  He 
designed  me  a  blessing,  and  that  He  only  brought  a 
cloud  over  my  earthly  prospect,  in  order  to  turn  my 
eyes  towards  a  heavenly  one.  It  gives  me  true 
pleasure,  to  learn  by  all  your  letters,  that  you  are 
looking  the  same  way :  we  may  possibly  meet  no 
more  on  earth  (for  our  thread  of  time  is  winding  off 
apace),  but  we  shall  surely  meet  in  glory.  Jesus 
has,  1  trust,  purchased  us  to  be  a  part  of  His  crown, 
in  the  day  of  His  appearing.  How  we  shall  bless 
Him  then,  for  all  our  sorrows  below,  which  He  was- 
pleased  to  make  effectual  to  wean  us  from  a  world 
of  sin  and  vanity,  that  we  might  place  our  affec- 
tions on  things  above.  There  is  a  blessing  in  every 
bitter  cup,  not  always  perceptible  to  the  taste,  but 
sure  to  have  its  effect,  in  keeping  the  soul,  which 
knows  Him,  dependent  upon  His  power  and  grace, 
and  obedient  to  His  holy  will. 

I  am  obliged  to  be  short,  being  rather  straitened' 
for  time.  We  have  been  driven  from  our  house 
this  week  by  the  sickness  and  death  of  a  maid- 


-204 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  SEPT.  10,  MM. 


servant,  whose  body  putrified  before  she  died, 
and  are  just  returned  to  it  again.  Such  a  spectacle 
I  never  saw  !  but  the  Lord  filled  her  with  the  spirit 
of  gladness,  enabled  her  to  sing  the  praises  of 
redeeming  love,  and  gave  her  an  abundant  entrance 
.into  His  kingdom. 

I  beg  you  will  give  my  love  to  my  aunt ;  Mr. 
Newton  designs  to  call  upon  her.  He  is  not  as  yet 

•  (as  you  imagine)  prepared  with  a  second  volume. 
Writing    is   slow    work,    when    the    charge   of   a 
numerous  people,  so  often  interferes  with  it. 

Believe  me  sincerely  yours,  etc. 

Pp.  164-5  :— 

April  19,  1771.    Died  that  sweet  inimitable  saint, 

my  dear  nephew,  James  Martin  Maitland aged 

ten  years  and  ten  months Three  days  before  he 

died  he  told  his  Mama,  he  had  a  mind  to  make  his 
will,  and  desired  her  to  come  to  his  bedside  with 
pen  and  ink  for  that  purpose.  She  accordingly  took 
from  his  own  mouth  as  follows : 

"In  the  Name  of  God,  Amen.    I  James  Martin 

Maitland bequeath to    my   Cousin   William 

•Cowper  my  microscope  because"  (added  he)  "you 
know  he  is  sensible  and  ingenious." 
Pp.  171-2. 

P.  168  is  wholly  blotted  out;  pp.  169-70 
have  been  cut  out,  and  portions  of  the  fol- 
lowing letter,  apparently  to  Cowper  from 
•his  cousin  Mrs.  Cowper,  have  been  erased  or 
blotted  out:— 

Cotty  of  letter  to after  the  melancholy  event 

of  [blotted  out]— dated  Feb.  21. 

On  the  happy  event  of  this  day  twelvemonth,* 

I  wrote  to  you,  my  dear  cousin,  to  join  you  in  the 

kind  circle  of  my  rejoicing  friends.    How  was  the 

goodness  of    our    heavenly  Father    manifested  in 

-  exalting  me,  the  most  unworthy  of  His  creatures, 
to  the  most  promising  scene  of  happiness,  which,  in 
my  situation,  the  world  had  to  bestow :  the  com- 
pletion  of    which   was    expected   with   unspeak- 
able delight  throughout  our  whole  family !  every 
point   gained,    and    every   difficulty   surmounted. 
[Two  lines  erased  or  blotted  out]  all  things  smiled, 
and  every  heart  exulted  at  the  approach  of  the 
important    period !    when— but,    my  dear    cousin, 

i  permit  me  now  to  cast  a  veil  on  all  that  followed — 
it  seems  you  have  been  informed  of  the  unhappy 
tale.  Righteous  and  just,  o  Lord,  are  all  Thy 
ways,  and  our  part,  patience,  meekness  and  sub- 
mission !  Mayst  Thou  give  us  under  this  humiliat- 
ing dispensation,  hearts  to  acknowledge  Thine 
unerring  wisdom  and  silently  to  adore  Thy  mys- 
terious appointments  !  Aweful  and  dark  as  they 
seem  to  us,  1  doubt  not  but  all  is  rectitude  and 
love:  Pray  for  me,  my  dear  Cousin,  "bear  my 
sorrows  as  suitors  to  His  throne,"  and  teach  me 

-still  to  praise  and  glorify  His  Name.  0  pray  that 
my  "faith  maybe  found  as  strong  as  my  trial  is 
sharp,"  and  the  issue  of  it  happy.  My  mother 
desires  her  love  to  you :  her  very  long  silence  has 
proceeded  chiefly  from  a  nervous  weakness  in  her 
eyes :  but  indeed,  my  dear  cousin,  another  reason 
has  been,  that  none  of  us  have  had  courage  to  take 
up  a  pen,  upon  this  very  melancholy  occasion,  and 
it  has  not,  I  assure  you,  without  some  conflict  that 
I  have  been  able  now  to  do  it,  etc. 


*  Marginal  note :  "  The  day"  [erasure]. 


Pp.  172-5  :— 

The  answer  dated  Feb.  25,  1772. 

Letter  18*  [should  be  22]. 

MY  DEAR  COUSIN,— It  •  never  grieved  me  that  I 
did  not  hear  from  you,  or  my  aunt,  upon  this 
most  melancholy  occasion.  Great  sorrows  are  best 
spoken  of  to  Him,  who  alone  can  relieve  us  from 
them,  but  do  not  easily  express  themselves  either 
in  conversation  or  by  letter.  Your  writing  to  me 
at  all  upon  this  subject,  strikes  me  as  a  most 
valuable  and  convincing  proof  of  your  friendship 
for  me,  who  am  so  unworthy  of  it :  not  but  that  I 
may  truly  say  I  have  a  share  in  your  sorrows,  and 
my  poor  kinsmen  are  upon  my  heart  all  the  day 
long,  and  night  and  day  my  subject  at  the  throne  of 
grace.  [Three  lines  blotted  out.] 

Whether  on  the  rolling  wave, 

Or  in  distant  lands  he  stray, 

Lord,  I  cry,  be  near  to  save, 

Guard  him  and  direct  his  way. 
How  true  is  that  word  of  the  prophet  :f  "  God 
hath  His  way  in  the  whirlwind,  and  the  clouds  are 
the  dust  of  His  feet";  but  He  has  told  us  for  our 
comfort,J  that  He  will  not  contend  for  ever,  for 
the  spirit  should  fail  before  Him,  and  the  souls 
which  He  has  made.  The  support  He  has  graciously 
afforded  you,  my  dear  cousin,  in  your  most  trying 
circumstances,  is  an  amazing  proof  of  His  com- 
passion, faithfulness  and  power.  He  is  glorified 
by  the  faith  and  patience  of  His  saints ;  and  how 
great  is  the  honour  He  has  done  you,  by  enabling 

Jou  to  praise  Him  in  such  a  furnace  of  affliction  ! 
thank  Him  on  your  behalf,  and  I  could  praise 
Him  too;  but  it  is  a  time  of  great  darkness  and 
trouble  in  my  soul,  so  that  I  am  hardly  able  to  lift 
up  a  thought  towards  Him.  It  is  with  the  utmost 
difficulty  I  write  a  short  answer  to  your  kind  letter : 
but  assure  yourself,  that  while  I  have  power  to 
pray  at  all,  I  shall  not  cease  to  do  it,  that  you  may 
still  be  supported,  that  He  would  still  place  beneath 
you  the  everlasting  arm,  and  make  your  strength 
equal  to  your  day.  May  He  watch  over  our  dear 
with  a  Father's  love,  preserve  the  poor  wander- 
ing bird§  cast  out  of  its  nest,  and  restore  him  to 
you  in  peace  and  safety.  God  does  know,  that  if  I 
could  pray  with  all  the  fervency  of  all  the  saints 
that  ever  lived,  I  would  beg,  with  constant  im- 
portunity, that  he  might  return,  if  not  to  be 
enriched  with  the  treasures  of  this  spiritual  Egypt, 
yet  filled  with  all  the  fulness  of  the  blessings  of 
the  Gospel  of  Christ.  Then  perhaps  I  should  be 
enabled  to  praise  Him  too  ;  for  of  a  truth,  I  had 
rather  see  him  at  the  foot  of  a  Redeemer's  cross,  as 
I  had  rather  be  there  myself,  than  placed  upon  the 
very  pinnacle  of  all  earthly  grandeur  and  prosperity. 
I  beg  my  love  to  my  dear  aunt.  I  have  more  need 
to  apologise  for  my  silence,  than  she  for  hers,  but 


*  As  the  letter  is  numbered,  there  is  no  doubt 
that  it  is  from  Cowper  to  his  cousin  Maria. 
'  Commonplace  Book,'  vol.  iv.  p.  163,  lifts  up  the 
veil:  "Verses  upon  the  untimely  death  of  my  dear 
nephew,  W.  Maitland,  who  was  drowned  when  the 
Dartmouth  East  Indiaman  was  shipwrecked  [he 
was  then  third  mate],  February,  1772.  Written  by 
his  afflicted  mother."  The  cargo  valued  at  200,000^. 
Lost  on  the  coast  of  Peyu  (?)  in  Africa." 

t  Nahum  i.  3. 

t  Is.  Ivii.  16. 

§  See  Cowper's  *  Letters,'  ed.  Wright,  i.  127-8. 


io- s.  ii.  SEPT.  io,  i9M.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


205 


am  not  so  able  to  do  it.  I  am  very  sorry  that  she 
has  so  good  an  excuse.  May  the  Lord  heal  her,  or 
grant  her  His  presence  which  is  better  than  health. 

I  remember  my  cousin, the  less,  with  much 

affection.  May  God  bless  her.  and  my  friend  , 

with  each  of  yours,  known  and  unknown. 

I  shall  rejoice  to  hear,  that  you  have  received 
good  and  comfortable  tidings,  and  remain,  my  dear 
cousin,  Your  truly  affectionate,  etc. 

JOHN  E.  B.  MAYOR. 
Cambridge. 

( To  be  continued. ) 


CAWOOD  FAMILY.— Hugh  Cawood  appears 
to  have  been  a  member  of  the  Mercers' 
Company  and  to  have  resided  in  the  parish 
of  St.  Thomas  the  Apostle  in  the  City  of 
London.  He  died  in  1497,  his  will  having 
been  proved  on  5  July  of  that  year.  It  is 
registered  in  the  Prerogative  Court  of  Canter- 
bury. Is  anything  further  known  of  him? 
He  seems  to  have  come  of  a  good  old  family, 
which  in  early  times  lived  in  Yorkshire, 
owning  considerable  property  at  a  place  of 
the  same  name  (Cawood)  within  a  few  miles 
of  Selby. 

In  1280  the  Chase  of  Cawood  was  granted 
to  Geoffrey  de  Neville  (Lancashire  and 
Cheshire  Antiquarian^  Society  Transactions, 
vol.  xix.  p.  19,  quoting  Baines's  *  Hist,  of 
Lancashire,'  vol.  v.  p.  544).  In  1336,  how- 
ever, John  de  Cawod  held  land  in  this 
district,  for  on  the  Patent  Rolls  there  is  a 
licence  granted  at  Stirling  on  1  November 
for  John,  son  of  David  de  Cawod,  to  grant 
in  tail  to  John,  son  of  John,  son  of  David  de 
Cawod,  and  Margaret,  daughter  of  William 
de  Hathelsaye,  a  messuage,  60  acres  of  land 
and  4  acres  of  meadow  and  2  acres  of  pasture 
in  Cawod,  held  in  chief,  with  reversion  to  the 
grantor  and  his  heirs  (10  Ed.  III.  p.  2,  m.  19, 
•Calendar  of  Patent  Rolls,  Ed.  III.,  1334  to 
1338,'  p.  329). 

In  1364  (38  Ed.  III.)  Robert  de  Cawode  was 
a  seller  of  wheat  in  the  City  of  London 
(Riley's  *  Memorials,3  p.  317). 

On  15  Sept.,  1384  (8  Richard  II.),  Thomas 
Cawode,  of  Coventry,  takes  an  apprentice 
('Coventry  Charters  and  Muniments,'  p.  82, 
F.  2). 

In  1419  William  Cawod,  Canon  Residen- 
tiary of  York  and  Ripon,  left  his  Psalter  with 
the  gloss  of  Cassiodorus,  that  it  might  be 
chained  before  the  stalls  of  the  Prebendaries 
of  Thorp  and  Stanewyges  in  the  church  of 
Ripon,  to  remain  perpetually  for  the  use  of 
the  ministers  of  the  church  ('Test.  Ebor.,' 
Surt.  Soc.,  i.  396;  see  also  'Old  Yorkshire,' 
edited  by  William  Smith,  New  Series,  1889). 
His  will  is  dated  3  Feb.,  1419,  and  was  proved 


on  23  March  following.    Some  particulars  are- 
given  of  him  in  '  Test.  Ebor.,'  vol.  ii.  p.  395. 

On  3  May,  1438  (16  Hen.  VI.),  there  is  a 
record  of  an  agreement  between  William 
Eston,  son  and  heir  of  John  Eston,  of  Over- 
burnham,  in  the  Isle  of  "Axiholme,"  ancf 
Robert  Cawode,  Prior  of  the  Charterhouse  in 
the  said  Isle  (P.R.O.,  'Calendar  of  Ancient 
Deeds,'  vol.  iii.  D  1284). 

In  1452  William  Duffield,  Canon  Residen- 
tiary of  York,  left  by  his  will  to  William 
Cawodd,  his  godson,  a  book  called  'Lira- 
super  Psalterium '  for  his  life,  and  after  his 
death  to  be  chained  in  the  common  library 
of  the  Collegiate  Church  of  Beverley  or 
Southwell  ('Test.  Ebor.,'  iii.  128,  quoted  in 
Old  Yorkshire,'  edited  by  William  Smith, 
New  Series,  1889). 

Probably  the  best-known  member  of  the- 
family  of  Cawood  is  John  Cawood,  who  was 
Queen's  Printer  in  the  time  of  Philip  and 
Mary.  Dugdale  has  preserved  the  inscription- 
from  his  tomb,  which  was  in  Old  St.  Paul's. 
Some  account  is  given  of  him  in  Trans- 
actions of  the  Bibliographical  Society,  1896-8,. 
p.  158.  Walter  Thornbury  ('Old  and  New 
London,'  vol.  i.  p.  232)  mentions  that  a> 
portrait  of  him  which  was  formerly  in 
Stationers'  Hall  was  destroyed  in  the 
Great  Fire  ;  he  also  relates  that  this  same 
John  Cawood  seems  to  have  been  specially 
munificent  in  his  donations  to  the  Stationers' 
Company,  for  he  gave  two  new  stained-glass 
windows  to  the  hall  ;  also  a  hearse-cover,  of 
cloth  and  gold,  powdered  with  blue  velvet  and 
bordered  with  black  velvet,  embroidered  and 
stained  with  blue,  yellow,  red,  and  green, 
besides  considerable  plate. 

In  an  old  account  roll  of  the  Duke  of 
Northumberland,  preserved  at  Syon  House, 
and  covering  the  period  between  the  last  of 
February,  1591,  and  1  March.  1594,  there  is 
an  entry  of  a  payment  to  "  Mr.  Cawood,  the> 
bookbinder,  and  William  Browne,  the  mercer,. 
41J.  17s.  6d"  (Sixth  Rep.  Hist.  MSS.  Com.,, 
p.  227a). 

Under  date  8  March,  1600,  there  is  among 
the  Marquis  of  Salisbury's  papers  a  letter 
from  T.  Cawood  to  Sir  Robert  Cecil  (ibid.y. 
p.  264a).  H.  W.  UNDERDOWN. 

PIN  WITCHERY.— Pins  were  used  largely  in« 
the  folk-lore  of  years  ago.  It  was  not  at 
all  an  unusual  thing  to  witch  (^bewitch)  a 
person  in  the  Derbyshire  villages  amongst 
which  I  lived  more  than  fifty  years  ago,  and 
this  was  done  in  various  ways.  A  common 
one  was  that  of  sticking  pins  into  the  living 
bodies  of  toads,  and  I  can  well  remember 
one  instance  when  I  saw  this  done  by  an  old 


206 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [10*  s.  H.  SEW.  10, 100*. 


man  to  spite  a  woman,  his  neighbour,  who 
had  in  some  way  done  him,  as  he  said,  a  bad 
turn.  He  was  a  queer  old  man,  possessed 
with  the  gift  of  second  sight,  and,  on  his  own 
telling,  had  met  and  talked  with  the  devil. 
Tfce  old  man  dug  a  hole  in  the  garden  where 
he  had  found  a  toad.  He  stuck  four  pins  in 
the  toad's  body,  two  on  each  side,  put  it  in 
the  hole,  saying  something — what  I  could  not 
tell  (I  was  only  seven).  He  then  filled  in  the 
hole,  and  stamped  the  soil  down  with  his 
•foot.  I  was  afterwards  told  that  as  the  toad 
died  and  rotted  away  so  would  the  woman 
fade  away  and  die.  THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 

Worksop. 

NICHOLAS  MORTON,  whose  biography  occurs 
"'D.N.B,'  xxxix.  156,  Gillow,  v.  135,  and 
Cooper,  *  Ath.  Cant.,'  ii.  10,  died  at  Rome  on 
26  May.  1587,  in  the  sixty-sixth  year  of  his 
age  and  the  twenty-fifth  of  his  exile,  as 
appears  from  the  tablet  to  his  memory  in  the 
English  College,  Rome. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

TIFFIN.  (See  9th  S.  iv.  345,  425,  460,  506 ; 
v.  13.) — The  following  appears  in  an  article 
by  Major-General  Tweedie,  C.S.I.,  in  Black- 
twood  for  August,  p.  196  : — 

"The  Anglo-Indian  word  for  luncheon  suggests 
the  same  idea  as  the  Scottish  '  mixtie-maxtie  ' — i.e., 
a  diversified  meal.  The  word  is  Arabic  (tafannun= 
variety).  After  its  reaching  India  with  the  Persian 
language,  it  would  come  to  our  countrymen  through 
their  Moslem  table  attendants." 

w.  s. 

(  BARNABY  RUDGE  ' :  Two  SLIPS. — Two  of 
John  Willet's  cronies  are  described  as  "short 
Tom  Cobb,  the  general  chandler  and  post- 
office  keeper,  and  long  Phil  Parkes  the  ranger  " 
{chap.  i.).  In  chap.  xxx.  we  are  told  that, 
under  the  influence  of  Mr.  Cobb's  taunts, 
"Joe  started  up,  overturned  the  table,  fell 
upon  his  long  enemy,  pummelled  him  with 
might  and  main,"  &c.  Now  "short  Tom 
Cobb  "  could  hardly  be  considered  a  "long 
enemy,"  even  comparatively,  to  "a  broad- 
shouldered  strapping  young  fellow  of  twenty  " 
like  Joe  Willet,  and  it  seems  evident  that 
Dickens  had  Phil  Parkes  in  his  mind  when 
he  wrote  "  Cobb." 

Then  in  the  bedroom  interview  in  chap, 
xxiv.,  "  Your  name,  sir,"  said  Mr.  Tappertit, 
looking  very  hard  at  his  nightcap,  "  is  Ches- 
ter, I  suppose  1  You  needn't  pull  it  off,  sir, 
thank  you.  I  observe  E.  C.  from  here."  Of 
course,  Mr.  Chester's  name  was  John,  and 
so  fastidious  a  gentleman  would  hardly  be 
wearing  his  son's  nightcap.  Thackeray  was 
•continually  misnaming  his  characters,  and 
laments  the  fact  in  the  '  Roundabout  Papers ' 


and  elsewhere  ;  but  his  slips  are  always  cor- 
rected in  later  editions.  It  seems  strange 
that  the  two  slight  errors  noted  above  were 
not  detected  and  rectified  in  Dickens's  life- 
time. R.  L.  WHERRY. 
Jersey. 

LOCKH ART'S  {  SPANISH  BALLADS.'  —  This 
book  contains  what  must  surely  be  the  most 
careless  piece  of  translation  extant.  I  refer 
to  the  *  Song  of  the  Galley,'  the  first  verse 
of  which,  in  the  original,  runs  as  follows  : — 

Galeritas  de  Espaiia, 

Parad  los  remos 

Para  que  descanse 

Mi  amado  preso. 

The  speaker,  a  lady,  is  addressing  a  galley. 
Her  lover  being  one  of  its  crew,  she  begs  his 
fellow -slaves  to  cease  rowing,  that  he  may 
rest.    This  is  what  Lockhart  makes  of  it : — 
Ye  mariners  of  Spain, 
Bend  strongly  on  your  oars, 
And  bring  my  love  again, 
For  he  lies  among  the  Moors. 

Lockhart  fails  to  see  that  the  lady's  lover  is 
one  of  the  rowers ;  on  the  contrary,  he  under- 
stands the  lover  to  be  elsewhere  ("  among  the 
Moors  ")  and  the  galley  about  to  rescue  him, 
which  explains  why  he  takes  the  phrase 
"Parad  los  remos,"  i.e.,  "Stop  rowing,"  in 
the  contrary  sense,  i.e  ,  "Row  more  strongly." 
In  the  original  the  lady  points  out  that  since 
the  wind  is  fair  the  galley  will  lose  little  if 
the  oars  rest: — 

Pues  el  viento  sopla, 
Navegad  sin  remos. 

Lockhart,  pursuing   his   preconceived   idea, 

translates  : — 

The  wind  is  blowing  strong, 
The  breeze  will  aid  your  oars, 

just  the  opposite  of  the  poet's  intention.  The 
original  proceeds  with  a  beautiful  vehemence : 

Plegue  a  Dios  que  deis 

En  penascos  recios, 

Defendiendo  el  paso 

De  un  lugar  estrecho, 

i.e.,  the  lady  stops  at  nothing  to  procure  her 
lover  rest,  she  even  prays  that  the  galley  may 
be  wrecked  and  forced  to  return  to  port : — 

Y  que  quebrantados 

Os  volvais  al  puerto, 

Para  que  descanse 

Mi  amado  preso. 

Lockhart  completely  misunderstands  this. 
His  version  makes  one  rub  one's  eyes  : — 

It  is  a  narrow  strait, 

I  see  the  blue  hills  over  ; 

Your  coming  I'll  await, 

And  thank  you  for  my  lover. 

Having  made  a  false  start,  Lockhart  dog- 
gedly mistranslates  the  whole  poem.  It  is 


s.  ii.  SEPT.  10, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


207 


one  of  the  most  remarkable  sustained  blunders 
on  record,  to  say  the  least  of  it,  and  no  less 
remarkable  is  the  fact  that  it  seems  to  have 
hitherto  escaped  criticism. 

JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

KHAKI.  —  The  following  appeared  in  the 
Ulanc/alore  Magazine  for  Michaelmas,  1903, 
and  has  since  been  copied  by  many  journals. 
Perhaps  it  may  be  deemed  worthy  of  a  place 
in'N.&Q.':- 

'  "  It  is  not  generally  known  that  Mangalore  has 
contributed  a  word  to  the  English  language  which 
has  been  as  much  in  people's  mouths  of  late  as  the 
article  it  stands  for  has  been  on  people's  backs. 
Khaki  is  the  word  and  khaki  has  become  the  only 
wear,  for  soldiers  in  the  field  at  least.  In  a  pam- 
phlet recently  issued  by  Dr.  Robson,  Moderator 
of  the  Free  Church  of  Scotland  and  an  old  Indian 
missionary,  occurs  the  following  interesting  para- 
graph concerning  the  Missions-Handlungs-Gesell- 
schaf  t,  or  Basel  Industrial  Mission,  which  has  proved 
a,  great  commercial  success  and  rendered  remarkable 
auxiliary  service  to  the  German  Basel  Mission  :— 

"  *  In  the  present  prosperous  company,  we  have 
the  result  of  a  growth  of  nearly  sixty  years.  The 
seed  was  planted  in  a  series  of  mistakes  and  failures ; 
but  when  once  it  took  root  and  sprouted,  the  sub- 
sequent growth  was  secured  by  careful  attention  to 
experience,  by  business  sagacity  and  enterprise,  and 
by  fidelity  to  the  missionary  aim.  The  first  attempts 
to  organise  agricultural  and  other  industries,  which 
might  provide  a  livelihood  for  the  converts,  were 
made  by  the  missionaries  of  the  Basel  Missionary 
Society  on  their  own  responsibility  in  the  forties  ; 
and  these  attempts  came  to  grief  for  reasons  which 
may  be  easily  guessed.  The  first  successful  attempt 
was  the  starting  of  a  printing-press  in  1851  in 
Mangalore,  which  was  followed  in  course  of  time 
by  a  bookbinding  establishment  and  a  book-shop. 
In  the  same  year  there  was  sent  out  to  Mangalore 
a  skilful  master  -  weaver  named  Haller,  who  did 
much  to  procure  for  the  Basel  Mission  textiles  the 
superior  excellence  which  came  at  length — for  it 
was  a  long  time  before  this  industry  became  profit- 
able— to  be  recognized  and  imitated  in  the  Indian 
market.  Haller  was  the  discoverer  of  the  fast  khaki 
colour,  which  he  obtained  from  the  rind  of  the 
Semecarpus  anarcadium,  and  to  which  he  gave  the 
Canarese  name  of  khaki.  The  police  in  Mangalore 
were  the  first  to  be  clad  in  khaki  cloth.  When 
Lord  Roberts  was  Commander-in-Chief  in  India,  he 
incidentally  visited  the  Basel  weaving  factories  on 
the  coast,  and  this  visit  led  to  the  introduction  of 
the  khaki  uniform  into  the  army.  In  1852  a  car- 
pentry establishment  was  begun  in  Calicut,  and  in 
subsequent  years  tile-making,  weaving,  and  other 
industries  were  introduced  and  successfully  carried 
forward  in  other  stations.' " 

M. 

Mangalore. 

PRINCIPAL  TULLIEDEPH.— Carlyle  of  In- 
veresk,  in  his  '  Autobiography,  chap.  vi. 
p.  253,  writes  that  "the  clergyman  of  this 
period  who  far  outshone  the  rest  in  eloquence 
was  Principal  Tulliedelph,  of  St.  Andrews," 
and  on  p.  254  this  spelling  of  the  Principal's 


name  is  repeated  several  times.  In  the  list 
of  Moderators  of  General  Assemblies,  at 
p.  126  of  the  official  '  Church  of  Scotland 
Year-Book,'  1904,  the  same  spelling  occurs 
opposite  the  year  1742.  But  in  Hew  Scott's 
'  Fasti  Ecclesiae  Scoticanse '  the  name  is  spelt 
without  an  I  in  the  final  syllable,  and  the 
learned  librarian  of  the  University  of  Aber- 
deen spells  the  name  in  this  way  in  'N.  &  Q.,' 
9th  S.  xi.  66.  I  have  for  some  years  been  in 
search  of  an  engraved  portrait  of  the  Prin- 
cipal, but  without  success.  W.  S. 


WK  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct.  

GRIEVANCE  OFFICE:  JOHN  LE  KEUX.— I 
should  be  obliged  if  some  reader  would  tell 
me  —  with  a  reference,  if  possible  —  what 
branch  of  the  public  service  was  so  spoken 
of  in  1746.  The  writer,  John  Le  Keux,  dates 
from  "Will's  Coffee-House,"  which  then  was 
jji  Scotland  Yrard,  opposite  the  Admiralty, 
so  that  presumably  the  office  he  was  in  was 
in  that  neighbourhood.  As  I  suppose  any 
discontented  man  might  call  his  office  by 
some  such  name  in  a  moment  of  pique,  I  do 
not  want  a  guess.  As  used  by  Le  Keux,  it 
seems  to  have  been  a  recognized  name  for  the 
office  in  which  he  was  serving. 

I  should  be  glad  also  to  know  something 
about  Le  Keux.     His  name  appears  in  the 
Treasury  Papers  as  "a  lottery  manager." 
J.  K.  LAUGHTON. 

MORLAND  AND  CORFE  CASTLE.— In  Hassell's 
'Life  of  Morland,'  p.  192,  is  a  description 
of  a  picture  on  canvas  of  Corfe  Castle, 
which  was  exhibited  in  the  Morland  Gallery 
about  1805.  I  am  very  desirous  of  learning 
the  whereabouts  of  this  painting  by  Morland, 
and  shall  be  glad  if  readers  of  'N.  <fc  Q.' 
can  assist  me  to  trace  it.  J.  J.  FOSTER. 

GLADWIN  FAMILY.— When  and  where  did 
John  Gladwin,  of  Mansfield  and  Newark, 
Notts,  attorney-at-)aw  and  steward  to  the 
Duke  of  Portland,  marry  "  Mary  Skinner,  of 
Notts'"?  and  of  what  family  was  this  lady? 
She  died  2  April,  1790,  and  John  Gladwin 
died  1  February,  1822,  and  both  were  buried 
in  Old  Mansfield  Parish  Church,  as  per  M.I. 

John  Gladwin  was  the  second  son  of  Henry 
Gladwin,  of  Stubbing  Court,  co.  Derby,  and 
was  baptized  in  May,  1731.  By  his  wife 
Mary  Skinner  he  had  issue  in  all  four 


208 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [ioth  s.  n.  SEPT.  10,  im. 


daughters  and  no  son,  and  all  these  ladies 
were  duly  baptized  and  married  in  Mansfield 
Parish  Church,  viz.  :— 

1.  Elizabeth  Glad  win,  eldest  daughter  and 
coheir,  was   born    3  March,   1757 ;    married 
Jeremiah   Cloves,  of  9,  Manchester  Square, 
W.,  on  17  January,  1786;  and  died  19  June, 
1840.    I  descend  from  her,  and  am  heir  by 
her  devise  to  all  her  personal  and  real  estates 
whatsoever. 

2.  Jane  Glad  win, -second  daughter,  married 
General  William  Wynyard,  and  had  numerous 
issue. 

3.  Anne  Glad  win,  third  daughter,  married 
C.  S.  Colclough,  Esq.,  and  had  issue. 

4.  Dolly  Glad  win,  youngest  daughter  and 
coheir,  was  born  3  October,  1763 ;  married, 
29  August,   1787,  Francis  Eyre,   of  Hassop 
Hall,  co.  Derby,  Esq.  (afterwards  sixth  Earl 
of  Newburgh,  who  died  23   October,   1827), 
and  had  issue  two  sons  and  six  daughters, 
all  of  whom  died  without  having  had  issue, 
although  both  sons,  Thomas  and  Frank,  sur- 
vived their  father,  and  became  seventh  and 
eighth  Earls  of  Newburgh  respectively.    The 
eldest  child  was,  however,  Lady  Dorothy,  or 
Dorothea,  or  Mary  Dorothea  Eyre,  who  sur- 
vived all  her  brothers  and  sisters,  and  became 
ninth  Countess  of  Newburgh  in  her    own 
right,  and  died  without  issue  22  November, 
1853 ;    but  although  her  ladyship  is  said  to 
have  been  born  13  July,  1788,  at  East  well,  co. 
Leicester,  yet  I  have  never  been  able  to  pro- 
cure a  register  certificate  of  this  my  late 
cousin's  birth  or  baptism,  and  either  of  these 
I  should  much  like  to  possess.     The  said 
Dolly  Gladwin,  who  became  sixth  Countess 
of  Newburgh  in  November,  1814,  died  2  No- 
vember, 1838,  at  Brighton,  and  was  buried 
in  Slindon  Churchyard,  Sussex,  as  per  M.I. 

The  late  Mr.  Stephen  Tucker,  Somerset 
Herald,  who  kindly  helped  me  to  compile  my 
Gladwin  pedigree  and  prove  the  descent  of 
my  Gladwin  arms,  was  unfortunately  unable 
to  give  me  satisfactory  clues  or  answers  to 
the  above  queries,  hence  I  now  ask  the 
readers  of  'N.  &  Q.'  for  information. 

GLADWIN  CLOVES  CAVE. 

AUDIENCE  MEADOW.— In  front  of  Tickwood 
Hall,  near  Broseley,  Shropshire,  there  is  a 
field  called  the  Audience  Meadow,  where 
Charles  I.  is  said  to  have  held  a  conference 
in  1642.  Where  can  I  find  an  account  of 
this?  W.  H.  J. 

JANE  STUART.— The  little  guide-book  pre- 
pared by  Mr.  Fred.  J.  Gardiner,  F.RHist.S., 
for  the  excursion  of  the  British  Association 
to  Wisbech  on  20  August,  contains  the  follow- 
ing paragraph  (p.  5)  :— 


"In  a  small  graveyard  attached  t9  the  Friends* 
Meeting-House,  on  the  North  Bank,  is  the  grave  of 
Jane  Stuart,  daughter  of  James  II. ,  who,  having 
espoused  the  principles  of  the  Society  of  Friends, 
remained  in  hiding  at  Wisbech  to  escape  persecu- 
tion. Her  initials,  date  of  death  (1742),  and  age  (88) 
are  outlined  in  box-edging  on  her  grave." 

I  think  this  is  my  first  introduction  to  Jane 
"  Stuart."  Who  was  her  mother  1 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

AUTHOES  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED.— I  am 
anxious  to  find  out  the  author  of  the  follow- 
ing lines : — 

Every  bird  that  sings, 

And  every  flower  that  stars  the  elastic  sod. 
And  every  breath  the  radiant  summer  brings, 
To  the  pure  spirit  is  a  word  of  God. 

What  distinguished  Frenchman  said  to- 
himself  each  morning  on  waking,  "Get  up, 
Monsieur  le  Comte,  you  have  great  things  to- 
do  to-day  "  ?  SURREYITE. 

JERSEY  WHEEL. — In  the  catalogue  of  a  sale 
of  household  goods  in  Northamptonshire, 
1809,  one  of  the  lots  is  "Jersey  Wheel.'1 
What  was  this  article  ?  THOS.  KATCLIFFE. 

THOMAS  TANY.— I  have  before  me  a  very 
interesting  memorial  of  this  most  extra- 
ordinary man  ;  nothing  short  of  an  excellent 
specimen  of  his  autograph.  It  is  written  on 
the  Hy-leaf  of  a  small  folio,  in  the  original 
vellum  covers,  with  the  following  title  : — 

"The  Trivmphs  of  Nassav :  or,  A  Description) 
and  Representation  of  all  the  Victories  both  by 
Land  and  Sea,  granted  by  God  to  the  noble,  high, 
and  mightie  Lords,  the  Estates  generall  of  the 
vnited  Netherland  Prouinces.  Vnder  The  Conduct 
and  command  of  his  Excellencie,  Prince  Mavrice  of 
Nassav.  Translated  out  of  French  by  W.  Shvte 
Gent.  [A  printer's  ornament.]  London,  Printed 
by  Adam  Islip,  Anno  Dom.  1613." 
The  autograph  is  written  about  two  inches 
from  the  top  of  the  page,  in  a  firm,  clear, 
medium  hand,  thus  : — 

"  Ex  dono  Thoas  Tany. 

clerici." 

Immediately  above  this  there  is  written, 
in  another,  and  much  bolder,  but  equally 
clear  hand  : — 

"  Solus  Deus  p[ro]tector  rneus. 

The  initial  letter  of  the  surname  is  goner 
and  thinking  that  a  tiny  fragment  of  paper 
adhering  to  the  original  cover  opposite, 
answering  somewhat  to  the  defect  in  the- 
leaf,  might  furnish  a  clue,  I  had  it  carefully 
damped  off ;  but  there  was  nothing  on  it. 

From  the  summary  of  Tany's  life  in  the- 
*  Index  and  Epitome  of  the  D.N.B.,'  it  would 
appear  that  all  that  is  known  of  Tany  is 
limited  to  the  very  inconsiderable  space  of 


io--B.il.  SEPT.  io,  1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


209 


six  years ;  and  if  I  may  be  allowed  to  offer 
an  opinion,  I  should  say  that  his  autograph 
is  in  the  unfaltering  hand  of  a  man  still  in 
his  prime,  and  might  have  been  written 
at  any  time  between  1613  and  1650.  Has 
anything  more  been  discovered  of  Tany's 
personal  history  since  the  notice  of  him  in 
the  *  D.N.B.'  appeared  ?  A.  S. 

J.  HANSON. — There  is  another  autograph 
in  'The  Triumphs  of  Nassau,'  1613,  to  which 
I  should  like  to  draw  attention.  Inside  oi 
the  back  vellum  cover  I  find  the  signature  of 
"  J.  Hanson  "  (I  am  satisfied  the  initial  letter 
of  the  Christian  name  is  intended  for  J, 
although  from  the  little  flourish  at  the  top  of 
the  letter  it  might  look  like  a  T,  after  our 
modern  manner  of  writing).  The  name  and 
period  suiting,  I  am  inclined  to  associate 
this  autograph  with  the  following  individual 
('  D.N.B./  vol.  xxiv.  p.  310)  :— 

"Another  John  Hanson,  born  in  1611,  was  son  of 
Richard  Hanson,  'minister  of  Henley,  Staffordshire,' 
and  entered  Pembroke  College  in  1630,  aged  19. 
Some  years  later  a  John  Hanson  of  Abingdon, 
Berkshire,  apparently  identical  with  the  student 
of  Pembroke  College,  published  *  The  Sabbatarians 
confuted  by  the  New  Covenant.  A  treatise  showing 
that  the  Commandments  are  not  the  Moral  Law, 
but  with  their  Ordinances,  Statutes,  and  Judgments, 
the  Old  Covenant,'  London,  1658,  8vo." 

At  the  same  time,  if  the  initial  letter  of  the 
Christian  name  were  to  be  read  T.,  then 
there  is  Thomas  Hanson,  Keeper  of  the 
Records  of  the  Duchy  of  Lancaster,  who 
flourished  about  1650.  Fuller  has  placed  on 
record  his  obligations  to  Hanson  for  help 
rendered  when  writing  his  *  Church  History  ' 
(see  Bailey's  'Life  of  Thomas  Fuller,  D.D.,' 
1874,  pp.  577  and  706).  It  is  singular  that 
no  notice  has  been  taken  of  this  Thomas 
Hanson  in  the 'D.N.B.' 

I  may  remark  that  the  H  in  Hanson  is 
not  written  with  the  capital  letter  ;  but  it  is 
in  the  form  of  a  small  "  h "  with  a  large 
development  of  the  fore  curve.  The  writing 
is  round  and  bold,  but  somewhat  faint,  and 
without  a  doubt  it  is  the  signature  of  an 
educated  man.  A.  S. 

MISSING  LONDON  STATUES.— My  friend  Mr. 
J.  T.  Page,  of  West  Haddon,  a  valued  con- 
tributor to  *N.  &  Q.,'  published  a  series  of 
twenty-six  articles  in  the  East  London 
Advertiser  during  the  past  and  present  year 
on  the  *  Public  Statues  and  Memorials  of 
London.'  He  concludes  the  series  in-  the 
following  words  : — 

"In  several  instances  statues  have  disappeared 
from  the  positions  they  once  occupied.  Amongst 
these  I  may  mention  the  following  :— 

' '  Duke  of  Wellington,  Tower  Green  ;  George  III. , 
Berkeley  Square  ;  Duke  of  Cumberland,  Cavendish 


Square ;  Duke  of  Marlborough,  Marlborough  Square ; 
Charles  II.,  Soho  Square. 

"A  statue  of  Henry  Peto  stood  in  old  Furnivall's 
Inn.  He  rebuilt  the  Inn  in  1818-20.  What  became 
of  this  statue  after  the  purchase  and  demolition  of 
the  Inn  by  the  Prudential  Assurance  Company  ? 

"I  shall  be  glad  of  information  concerning  the 
present  whereabouts  of  any  of  these  works  of  art, 
and  also  the  dates  of  and  reasons  for  their 
removal." 

I  also  should  like  to  know  of  the  present 
whereabouts  of  these  statues,  as  also  those 
of  Alfred  the  Great  and  Edward  the  Black 
Prince  by  Rysbrack,  which  were  in  Lord 
Burlington's  Carlton  House  subsequent  to 
the  residence  of  George  IV.  when  Prince  of 
Wales. 

For  the  disposal  of  the  statue  of  Charles  II. 
in  Soho  Square,  see  9th  S.  vii.  209  :  xii.  336. 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

ST.  THOMAS  WOHOPE.— Who  is  meant  by 
this  saint,  whose  name  occurs  in  the  wills 
(1470-1500)  of  the  parishioners  of  Smarden,  in 
Kent,  who  leave  a  bequest  to  the  "  Light  of 
St.  Thomas  Wohope  "  (or  Whohope,  Whope, 
Woghope)  in  their  parish  church  ?  In  two  of 
the  earliest  wills  he  is  mentioned  as  "Sir 
Thomas  Wohope."  No  local  place  of  this 
name  is  mentioned  in  Hasted's  *  History  of 
Kent.' 

Smarden  Church  also  had  a  light  of 
Henry  VI.— "and  to  King  Herrey  there  '— 
similar  to  Lewisham  Church. 

ARTHUR  HUSSEY. 
Tankerton-on-Sea,  Kent. 

DISPROPORTION  OF  SEXES.— In  1724  Richard 
Fiddes,  D.D.,  published  'A  General  Treatise 
of  Morality,'  to  which  he  prefixed  a  preface 
of  cxliv  pages,  wherein  he  replies  to  Mande- 
ville's  defence  of  polygamy.  On  p.  Ixvii  he 
says  :— 

Experience  shews,  that  there  is,  commonly, 
an  equal  proportion  in  number,  between  the  two 
sexes  ;  and  that,  if  there  be  any  disparity,  it  is  so 
nconsiderable,  as  not  to  make  a  sensible  alteration 

n  the  case ; there  are  not  visibly  more  women 

than  men." 

What  are  the  facts  1    Is  the  disproportion  a 
hing  of  recent  development?     When   was 
attention  first  called  to  it  ?  W.  C.  B. 

BREAD  FOR  THE  LORD'S  DAY.  — In  'Reli- 
quiae Baxterianse '  mention  is  made  of  a  Mr. 
George  Abbot,  a  minister,  "known  by  his 
Paraphrase  on  Job,  and  his  Book  against 
Bread  for  the  Lord's  Day."  Can  any  of  your 
readers  kindly  explain  the  meaning  of  the 
title  of  the  second  of  the  two  volumes  ] 

J.  WILLCOCK. 

Lerwick. 


210 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      cio*  s.  n.  SEW.  10, 


PITT   CLUB. 
(10th  S.  ii.  149.) 

ONE  of  the  medals  about  which  PITTITE 
inquires  was  exhibited  in  1883  at  a  meeting 
of  the  Newcastle  Society  of  Antiquaries. 
Upon  that  occasion  I  wrote  a  short  paper 
about  Pitt  Clubs,  which  appears  in  the 
Archceologia  JEliana,  vol.  x.  p.  121  (see 
'N.  &Q.,'7thS.  v.  187,  357). 

After  the  death  of  Mr.  Pitt  in  1806  these 
clubs  were  established  throughout  the  king- 
dom to  commemorate  the  services  and  main- 
tain the  principles  of  that  great  statesman. 
The  Pitt  Club  of  London  was  inaugurated  in 
1808.  Of  that  club  the  first  president  was 
the  Duke  of  Richmond,  and  among  the  vice- 
presidents  were  Lord  Chancellor  Eldon  and 
Sir  Robert  Peel.  In  the  provinces  clubs  were 
founded  at  Birmingham,  Bristol,  Cambridge, 
Carlisle,  Carnarvon,  Derby,  Doncaster,  Hali- 
fax, Hereford,  Lancaster,  Leeds,  Leicester, 
Liverpool,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  Newcastle- 
under-Lyne,  North  Shields,  Norwich,  Not- 
tingham, Reading,  Scarborough,  Sheffield, 
South  Shields,  Taunton,  Winchester,  Wol- 
verhampton,  and  York. 

The  Newcastle,  or  rather  the  Northumber- 
land and  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  Pitt  Club 
commenced  in  1814,  and  ceased  in  1823.  I 
have  the  first  and  two  other  anniversary 
publications  (of  extreme  rarity)  of  this  local 
organization.  They  all  bear  the  same  title- 
page  :  "  Commemoration  of  the  Birth-day  of 
the  Right  Honourable  William  Pitt.  By  the 
Northumberland  and  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 
Pitt  Club  at  the  Assembly  Rooms,  New- 
castle-upon-Tyne." 

On  the  first  leaf  are  the  arms,  crest,  and 
motto  of  Mr.  Pitt,  followed  by  dates  in  bold 
lettering : — 

WILLIAM  PITT. 

MDCCLIX May  xxviii Born. 

MDCCLXXXIII December   xxvii First   Cora 

rnissioner  of  the  Treasury  and  Chancellor  of  the 
.Exchequer. 

MDCCCVI January  xxiii Deceased. 

Quando  ullum  invenient  parem. 

Then  come  lists  of  the  officers  and  members 
of  the  Club,  among  which  are  representatives 
of  most  of  the  leading  families  of  the  district 
In  the  report  of  the  commemoration  in  182 
appears  the  following  affiliating  resolution 
of  the  London  club : — 

"Resolved  unanimously:  That  in  future  the 
Members  of  the  Pitt  Clubs  in  the  Country,  on  the 
Production  of  a  Certificate  of  their  Qualification  to 
the  J.reasurer,  and  to  be  deposited  with  him,  may 
be  admitted  Members  Extraordinary  of  this  Club 


n  payment  of  One  Guinea  to  the  Exhibition  Fund, 

and  Half-a-Guinea  to  the  General  Fund,  towards 

he  Expences  incurred  in  printing  and  keeping  up 

he  Communication  with  the  Local  Clubs,  but  not 

o  have  the  Privilege  of  Voting  as  Ordinary  Mem- 

)ers ;  and  they  may  also  attend  the  Monthly  and 

Anniversary  Dinners  when  in  Town,  on  payment  of 

the  usual  Charge  for  Non-Subscribers'  Tickets,  and 

appearing  with  a  Medal  of  the  Country  Club  to 

which  they  belong." 

To  this  1821  report  is  attached  a  summary 
of  the  speeches  delivered  at  the  gathering  in 
;he  previous  year,  and  a  marvellous  produc- 
;ion  it  is.  For  there  were  no  fewer  than 
ifty-nine  toasts,  all  of  which  were  drunk, 
the  record  states,  with  three  times  three  ! 
As  an  illustration  of  the  habits  of  political 
organizations  in  the  "  balmy "  days  of  the 
Prince  Regent,  this  toast  list  may  be  enshrined 
.n  the  pages  of  'N.  &  Q.'  Let  me  add  that 
:he  company  numbered  sixty-eight,  that  all 
}he  members  wore  their  medals,  that  the 
President,  R.  W.  Brandling,  Esq.,  was  sup- 
ported right  and  left  by  the  Mayor  of  New- 
astle  and  the  High  Sheriff  of  Northumber- 
land, and  that  music  was  provided  by  the 
band  of  the  6th  Dragoon  Guards. 

TOASTS. 

1.  The  King. 

2.  The  Royal  Family. 

3.  The  Duke  of  York. 

4.  The  Duke  of  Clarence  and  the  Navy. 

5.  The'Im mortal  Memory  of  the  Late  Right  Hon. 
William  Pitt. 

6.  The  President. 

7.  The  Constitution  of  England  as  by  Law  estab- 
lished. 

8.  The  House  of  Brunswick,  and  the  Principles 
which  seated  them  on  the  Throne. 

9.  His  Majesty's  Ministers. 

10.  Charles  John  Brandling,  Esq.  [M.P.]. 

11.  The  Duke  of  Wellington  and  the  Heroes  who 
fought  under  him. 

12.  The  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Northumberland. 

13.  The  Bishop  of  Durham  and  the  Clergy  of  our 
Church  Establishment. 

14.  Lieut. -Col.   Brandling  and   the  Officers  and 
Privates   of  the  Northumberland  and  Newcastle 
Volunteer  Cavalry. 

15.  The  High  Sheriff  of  Northumberland. 

16.  The  Mayor  and  Corporation  of  Newcastle. 

17.  The  Members  for  Northumberland. 

18.  The  Members  for  Newcastle. 

19.  The  Wooden  Walls  of  Old  England. 

20.  The   Chairman   and   Bench   of    Justices    of 
Northumberland. 

21.  The  Trade  and  Port  of  the  Tyne. 

22.  The  Right  Hon.  Lord  Vane  Stewart. 

23.  Major-General  Sir  Andrew  Barnard. 

24.  The  Rose,  the  Thistle,  and  the  Shamrock. 

25.  Lieut. -Col.    French    and    the    6th    Dragoon 
Guards. 

26.  Absent    Members    of    the    Northumberland 
Corps  of  Cavalry. 

27.  Lieut. -Col.  Sir  Hugh  Gough,  and  Officers  of 
the  22nd  Regiment  of  Foot. 

28.  General  Terrot  and  the  Corps  of  Artillery. 


ii.  SEPT.  10, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


211 


29.  The  Agricultural,  Commercial,    and    Manu- 
facturing Interests  of  the  United  Kingdom. 
,30.  The  Liberty  of  the  Press. 

31.  Capt.  Coulson  and  the  Navy  of  Great  Britain. 

32.  The  Militia  of  Great  Britain. 

33.  The  Volunteers  of  the  United  Kingdom. 

34.  Trial  by  Jury  and  Lord  Erskine. 

35.  The  Vice-President,    William   Loraine,    the 
staunch  and  conscientious  Pittite. 

36.  Conscientious  Christians  of  every  Sect. 

37.  The  Duchess   of   Northumberland   and    the 
House  of  Percy. 

38.  William   Wilberforce  and  the  Abolition    of 
Slavery  all  the  World  over. 

39.  Robert  Pearson,  Esq.  [an  absent  member]. 

40.  Lord  Castlereagh. 

41.  The  Lord  High  Chancellor,  Lord  Eldon. 

42.  The  Right  Hon.  Geo.  Canning,  the  eloquent 
advocate  of   practical  freedom,  and  the  intrepid 
opposer  of  chimerical  innovations. 

43.  The  Prime  Minister,  Lord  Liverpool. 

44.  Prosperity  to  Ireland. 

45.  Lord  Sidmouth. 

46.  Mrs.  Brandling. 

47.  The  Constitution  as  by  Law  established,  and 
may  every  Reformer  begin  with  reforming  himself. 

48.  The  Land  we  live  in,  and  may  those  who 
don't  like  it  leave  it. 

49.  Capt.   Barnard    and    the    1st    Regiment   of 
Grenadier  Guards. 

50.  Mrs.  W.  Brandling. 

51.  Mrs.  Mayoress  and  the  Family  at  the  Mansion 
House. 

52.  Lord  Grenville. 

53.  The  Vice-Presidents  of  the  Club. 

54.  May  the  liberties  of  Spain  be  settled  without 
bloodshed. 

55.  Sir  Philip  Musgrave,  Bart.,  and  success  to 
him  in  his  Election. 

56.  John  Rawling  Wilson. 

57.  May  the  Principles  which  guided  the  late 
Mr.  Brandling  flourish  unimpaired  in  his  Family 
for  ever. 

58.  The  Dignity  of  the  Crown  and  the  Just  Rights 
of  the  People. 

59.  The  President's  good  health  and  many  thanks 
for  his  services. 

Fifty-nine  toasts  in  one  evening,  every 
one  of  them  duly  honoured,  and  most  of 
them  followed  by  appropriate  songs  and 
music  !  Such,  at  least,  was  the  way  in  which 
one  of  the  clubs  helped  to  perpetuate  **  The 
Immortal  Memory  of  William  Pitt "  ! 

RICHARD  WELFORD. 

Gosforth,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 

PITTITE  should  refer  to  7th  S.  v.  187,  357 ; 
vi.  89;  8th  S.  viii.  108,  193;  ix.  13,  116;  x. 
461 ;  xi.  15.  G.  F.  R.  B. 

Not  only  in  London,  but  in  many  large 
towns,  and  even  in  country  places,  Pitt  Clubs 
were  founded,  commemorative  of  the  great 
statesman  who  died  in  1806,  and  is  said  to 
have  been  killed  by  the  news  of  the  battle  of 
Austerlitz  in  the  previous  year.  In  Man- 
chester there  was  a  very  important  one,  and 
I  remember  to  have  seen  in  that  city  a 
medallion  in  plaster  of  paris  of  Pitt,  and  pro- 


bably there  were  others  in  metal  struck  off. 
Canning  wrote  the  song  used  at  their  con- 
vivial meetings,  the  refrain  of  which  is  :— 
The  pilot  that  weathered  the  storm. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 
Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 
[MR.  H.  J.  BEARUSHAW  and  MR.  E.  H.  COLEMAN 
also  thanked  for  references.] 

DUCHESS  SARAH  (10th  S.  ii.  149).— The  par- 
ticulars asked  for  by  MR.  WALTER  J.  KAYE 
were  given  by  me  so  recently  as  last  De- 
cember (9th  S.  xii.  471)  in  a  paper  on  the 
mother  of  the  Duchess  of  Marlborough.  As 
this  article  seems  to  have  escaped  the  eye 
of  the  editorial  Lyriceus,  I  venture  to  repeat 
the  information.  Richard  Jennings,  by  his 
wife  Frances  Thornhurst,  had  two  sons  and 
four  daughters.  The  two  sons,  John  and 
Ralph,  both  died  unmarried  at  an  early  age. 
Susanna,  the  eldest  daughter,  also  died  young. 
Frances,  the  second,  was  born  in  1648,  and 
married  first,  in  1665,  Count  George  Hamil- 
ton, the  brother  of  Count  Anthony  of  the 
'Memoirs,'  who  was  killed  at  Zebernstieg, 
in  Alsace,  in  June,  1676 ;  and  secondly,  in 
1679,  Col.  Richard  Talbot,  who  was  created 
Earl  of  Tyrconnel  by  James  II.  in  1685,  and 
Duke  of  Tyrconnel  in  1689.  He  died  on 
14  Aug.,  1691,  and  his  widow,  who  was  re- 
duced to  great  poverty,  survived  him  nearly 
forty  years,  dying  in  Dublin  on  6  March, 
1730/31.  Barbara,  the  third  daughter,  was 
born  in  1652,  and  married  Col.  Edward 
Griffith,  secretary  to  Prince  George  of  Den- 
mark, and  afterwards  one  of  the  clerks-comp- 
trollers of  the  Green  Cloth,  who  died  11  Feb., 
1710/11.  His  wife,  who  had  died  22  March, 
1678/9,  was  buried  in  St.  Albans  Abbey 
Church,  where  her  two  brothers  and  her 
sister  Susanna  had  been  interred.  Sarah, 
the  great  duchess,  the  youngest  of  the 
family,  was  born  29  May,  1660,  married  Col. 
John  Churchill  in  1678,  and  died  in  1744. 

W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

Richard  Jennings,  of  Sandridge,  Herts,  by 
his  wife  Frances  Thornhurst,  daughter  of 
Sir  Giffard  Thornhurst,  of  Agnes  Court, 
Kent,  had  issue  :— 

1.  Frances,  known  as  "  £a  Belle  Jennings, ' 
married,  as  his  second  wife,  Richard,  Earl 
and  Duke  of  Tyrconnel,  eighth  son  of  Sir 
William  Talbot,  of  Carton,  who  was  created 
a  baronet  4  Feb.,  1622,  and  had  issue  two 
daughters,  the  elder  of  whom,  Lady  Char- 
lotte, married  Prince  Vintimiglia  and  had 
issue  two  daughters  (the  elder  married  Count 
de  Verac,  and  died  s.;>.,  and  the  younger 
Prince  Belmont,  and  also  died  s.j).).  Frances 
died  aged  ninety-two,  and  was  interred  in 


212 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [10*  s.  n.  SEPT.  10, 1904. 


St.   Patrick's   Cathedral,   Dublin,   9    March, 
1730. 

2.  Richard,  baptized   5  July,  1653 ;    died, 
and  was  buried  6  Aug.,  1655  (?  1653). 

3.  Richard,  baptized  12  Oct.,  1654. 

4.  Susanna,  born  11  July,  1656 ;  baptized 
19  July,  1656. 

5.  Rafe    or    Ralph,    born    16  Oct.,   1657  ; 
baptized  20  Oct.,  1657  ;  died  young. 

6.  Sarah,    born    5    June,    1660;    baptized 
17  June,  1660  ;  married   1  Oct.,   1678,    Col. 
John  Churchill,   afterwards  Earl  and  Duke 
of  Maryborough,  eldest  son  of  Sir  Winston 
Churchill,  Commissioner  of  Court  of  Claims 
and   Explanations  in  Ireland,  1662-8.    She 
died  19  Oct.,  1744 ;  the  Duke  16  June,  1722. 

7.  Barbara,     married Griffiths,     of 

St.  Albans,  Herts  (?  issue),  and  died  1678,  aged 
twenty-seven. 

I  believe  that  Frances  and  Barbara  were 
the  only  two  of  Sarah's  sisters  who  married, 
and  that  all  her  brothers  died  unmarried. 

From  the  fact  that  the  second  of  her 
brothers  was  born  in  1654,  and  was  also 
christened  Richard,  I  conclude  that  the  first 
Richard  died  and  was  buried  in  1653,  and 
not  in  1655. 

The  above  lineage  is  partly  compiled  from 
Burke's  'Peerage,'  and  partly  from  'Duchess 
Sarah,'  by  Mrs.  Arthur  Colville. 

In  Mrs.  Thomson's  'Memoirs  of  Sarah, 
Duchess  of  Marlborough,'  the  date  of  Sarah's 
birth  is  given  as  29  May,  1660. 

FRANCIS  H.  RELTON. 

9,  Broughton  Road,  Thornton  Heath. 

PORT  ARTHUR  (10th  S.  i.  407,  457).  — In 
No.  10,997  of  Ueman's  Exeter  Flying  Post 
(Saturday,  27  August),  a  newspaper  estab- 
lished in  this  city  in  1763,  there  occur 
reports  of  the  Cambridge  University  Exten- 
sion Lectures  delivered  here  during  the 
preceding  week.  In  the  one  briefly  quoted 
below  a  speaker  records,  from  personal 
experience,  how.  Port  Arthur  derived  its 
name  : — 

"  Paymaster-in-Chief  W.  Blakeney  lectured  on 
*  Some  Personal  Experiences  of  Exploration  and 
Map-making  on  the  Coasts  of  the  Pacific.'  He  said 
in  1856  the  British  Government  sent  out  a  ship  to 
chart  the  then  almost  unknown  coast  of  Manchuria. 
He  (the  lecturer)  went  out  with  a  chart  a  hundred 
years  old.  When  they  arrived  off  the  China  station 
he  (the  lecturer)  had  not  met  an  officer  who  had 
seen,  except  at  a  distance,  the  coast  of  Japan  ;  it 
was  a  sealed  land  to  Western  people.  But  they  dis- 
covered that  Russia  had  pushed  forward  eastward 
and  had  obtained  a  port  on  the  Pacific.  The 
Russian  officer  forbade  the  English  to  survey  the 
district,  but  he  (the  lecturer)  and  another  officer, 
at  the  command  of  the  captain,  pursued  investiga- 
tions. Their  first  acquaintance  with  Talienwan 
-Bay,  then  only  known  by  name,  was  made  under 


sealed  orders.  That  was  the  beginning  of  British 
knowledge  of  the  Yellow  Sea,  the  Gulf  of  Pechili, 
and  the  entrance  into  the  Gulf  of  Liao-tung.  He 
(the  lecturer)  and  one  of  his  messmates  were  the 
first  to  stand  at  the  top  of  the  Kwangtung  peninsula. 
One  of  his  mates  was  named  William  Arthur,  who- 
commanded  a  little  vessel,  the  Algerine.  He  (the 
lecturer)  reported  that  when  surveying  the  Kwang- 
tung peninsula  he  had  seen  a  snug  little  harbour  on- 
the  other  side  of  the  promontory.  The  Algerine 
was  sent  round  to  survey.  When  Mr.  Arthur 
returned  the  captain  of  the  ship  said  he  would  call 
the  bay  after  him,  telling  the  lecturer  to  put  down 
the  word  *  Arthur '  f9r  the  port.  They  were  also- 
the  first  to  go  to  the  city  of  Niuch  wang.  They  were 
also  the  first  to  proceed  up  the  Yang-tse  River  for 
600  miles,  reaching  Hankow.  Some  of  the  principal 
harbours  were  surveyed,  and  one  of  the  bays  was- 
called  after  him— Blakeney  Reach." 

HARRY  HEMS. 
Fair  Park,  Exeter. 

PILGRIMS'  WAYS  (10th  S.  ii.  129).— Has  MR. 
SNOWDEN  WARD  consulted  'The  Pilgrims7 
Way/  by  Julia  Cartwright  (which  is  a  de- 
scription of  the  places  the  road  passes 
through) ;  *  Collectanea  Cantiana,'  by  George 
Payne  (1893),  pp.  125-44;  and  *  Csesar  in 
Kent,'  by  the  late  Kev.  F.  T.  Vine  ] 

4.  At  Maidstone  was  a  hospital  or  resting- 
place  for  pilgrims,  founded  about  1261  by 
Abp.  Boniface,  and  dedicated  to  Saints  Peter, 
Paul,  and  Thomas  of  Canterbury.  At  Ayles- 
ford  was  a  bridge  over  the  river,  and  the 
Carmelite  Friary  (founded  1240)  for  a  resting- 
place. 

6.  Is  MR.  WARD  thinking   of    the  Stone- 
Street  from  Lymne  to  Canterbury  1 

7.  The    objective    points    were    evidently 
Deal  and  Dover.  ARTHUR  HUSSEY. 

Tankerton-on-Sea,  Kent. 

Mackie's  'Folkestone  and  its  Neighbour- 
hood,' ed.  1856,  p.  95,  states  :  — 

"Either  side  of  the  camp  is  guarded  by  a  conical 
hill,  surmounted  by  a  low  barrow  —  the  storm- 
trampled  tomb  of  some  Saxon  chief.  That  on  the 
left  is  the  familiar  '  Sugar  Loaf,'  round  which  an 
ancient  platform  winds  from  the  Canterbury  road 
to  the  summit,  whence  we  look  down  its  sheep- 
trodden  sides  into  the  deep  dell,  where,  sheltered 
by  the  rank  rushes,  lie  the  dark,  unruffled  waters 
of  'Holy  Well.'  Do  those  raised  tracings  in  the 
grass  cover  the  remains  of  some  lonely  hermitage? 
The  country  people  tell  you  something  about  the 

§ilgrims    to    Becket's    shrine  —  it    is    called    also 
t.  Thomas's  Well — resting  here  on  their  way  to- 
Canterbury." 

K.  J.  FYNMORE. 
Sandgate. 

"LANARTH"  (10th  S.  i.  489).— In  Lewis's 
4  Topographical  Dictionary  of  Wales,3  1840, 
there  is  some  information  regarding  Llanarth, 
co.  Cardigan,  South  Wales,  which  may  be  of 
assistance  to  CROSS-CROSSLET  in  his  search 


io*  s.  ii.  SEPT.  10, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


213 


concerning  the  barony  of  that  place.  It  is 
mentioned  under  the  name  Llanarth  that 
"here  Henry  VII.,  on  the  second  night  after  his 
landing  at  Milford  Haven  [he  landed  7  Aug.,  1485], 
encamped  at  \\Vrn  Newydd,  where  he  was  hos- 
pitably entertained  by  Einon  ab^Davydd  Llwyd 

on    his    route    to    Bosworth Noyad    Llanarth, 

anciently  the  seat  of  the  family  of  Griffiths,  is  now 
a  spacious  modern  mansion,  the  residence  of  Lord 

Kensington The   church    is    dedicated    to    St. 

Vylltyg Of   Castell    Mabwynion,    also    in    this 

parish,  which  was  allotted  by  Prince  Llewelyn  ab 


i,  in  his  partition  of  the  reconquered  ter- 
in    South    Wales,    in    1216,  to  Rhys    ab 


Iprwerth, 

ritories 

Grufydd,  there  are  not  any  remains,  neither  is  the 

exact  site  known." 

If  there  existed  a  barony  of  Lanarth,  did 
either  of  these  families  (Lloyd  or  Griffiths) 
hold  it? 

There  is  much  information  in  'Annales 
Cambrise'  about  the  Gruffydds,  Princes  of 
South  Wales.  Their  early  pedigree,  as  far 
as  I  can  gather,  stands  thus  :— 


Tewdwr  (ap  Cadell  ab  Einon  ab  Owain  ap  Hywel  Dda).    Died  c.  994  ? 

Rhys  ap  Tewdwr  (killed  April, =f=Gwladys,  dau.  of  Rhiwallon 
1093,  fighting  the  Normans)  ap  Cynfyn. 


Gwenllian,  dau.  of  Gruffydd  ap=pGruffydd  ap  Rhys,  died  1137.    (Prince  of  S.  Wales,  holding 
Cynan.      Was   killed  in  battle.  I  lands  in  Caermarthenshire.) 


Rhys  ap  Gruffydd,  1132?— 28  Apr.  1197.    Buried  at  St.  David's.    Called  in=f=Gwenllian,  dau.  of  Aladopr 

*  Annales  Cambrise'  *'  Mors  Anglorum,  Clipeua  Britonum Regibus  ortus,  I  ap    Maredudd,    Prince    of 

obiit  Resus,  ad  astra  redit."  Powys. 

Maud  or  Mahalt  de=f=Gruffydd  ap  Rhys,  fl.  1188,  died  25  July,  1201.    Giraldus  calls  him  "  vir  verispellis- 
Braose,  d.  1209.  etversutus." 


(a)  Rhys  ap  Gruffydd. 

The  last  two  were  driven  out  of  their  | 
possessions  by  their  uncle  Maelgwn,  but  in 
1207  (cf.  1216  above  in  Lewis)  Llewelyn  ap 
lorwerth  reinstated  them  in  their  lands,  and 
gave  them  all  Ceredigion  except  Penwedig. 
I  should  say  that  this  llhys  ap  Gruffydd  (a) 
is  the  one  referred  to  by  Lewis  as  residing 
at  Noyad  Llanarth,  and  as  being  presented 
with  Castle  Mabwynion. 

In  'Annales  Cambrise'  there  is  a  quaint 
epitaph  on  Rhys  ap  Gruffydd  who  died  1197. 
It  runs  thus  : — 

Cum  yoluit  pluvias  Busiris  credo  parabat, 

Noluit  aethereas  sanguine  Resus  aquas  ; 

Et  quotiens  Phaleris  cives  torrebat  in  iere, 

Gentibus  invisis  Resus  adesse  solet. 

Non  fuit  Antiphases,  non  falsus  victor  Ulixes, 

Non  homines  rapidus  pabula  fecit  equis, 

Sed  piger  ad  pcenam  princeps,  ad  prtemia  velox. 

Quicquid  do —  quo  cogitur  esse  ferox. 

The  last  line  is  so  given  in  MS.  Should 
not  "  rapidus  "  be  rapidis  ? 

Perhaps  the  question  of  the  barony  might 
be  settled  by  referring  to  the  pedigrees  of 
the  numerous  families  of  Lloya.  I  believe 
an  ancestor  of  Lloyd  of  Dinas  was  intimate 
with  Henry  VII. 

CHRISTOPHER  WATSON. 

Cranfield,  Wimbledon. 

SHAKESPEARE'S  SONNET  xxvi.  (10th  S.  ii.  G7, 
133).— MR.  DOUSE  has  missed  the  point  of 


Owain. 

the  original  question,  and  has,  therefore,  left 
the  answer  still  wanting.  The  question  was 
about  the  "  head  "  referred  to  in  the  last  two 
lines  of  this  important  sonnet.  MR.  DOUSE. 
began  his  reply  by  saying  that  the  sonnet 
"  must  be  studied  as  a  whole."  Quite  so  ;  so- 
must  they  all :  but  when  MR.  DOUSE  and 
other  orthodox  experts  in  Shakespeare  have 
done  this,  can  they  give  a  better  explanation 
of  the  words  "  show  my  head  "  than  has  been 
given  in  the  last  big  book  on  the  subject, 
4  Is  it  Shakespeare  1 '  published  by  John 
Murray.  The  anonymous  writer,  "  A  Cam- 
bridge Graduate,"  agrees  with  most  Shake- 
spearean critics  in  talcing  this  sonnet  as  the 
one  that  accompanied  '  Lucrece,'  for  the  very 
wording  of  the  sonnet  seems  to  make  that 
clear.  So  far  all  appears  smooth,  safe,  and 
judicious,  but  we  are  really  on  the  edge  of  a 
horrible  chasm  ;  for  the  next  step  proceeds 
to  demonstrate  that  the  very  "  head  "  that  is 
mentioned  in  the  sonnet's  last  line  appears 
in  the  first  two  lines  of  '  Lucrece/  and  that 
it  is  none  other  than  the  head  of  Francis 
Bacon,  who  thus  has  revealed  himself  at  last 
in  this  twentieth  century  by  an  infallible 
proof.  This  "head"  in  "  Lucrece'  turns  out 
to  be  the  exact  signature  used  by  Bacon  in 
some  few  of  his  early  letters  to  his  uncle  and 
aunt,  and  such  a  curious  and  special  signa- 
ture as  to  mark  out  this  supposed  discovery 


214 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [10*  s.  ii.  SEPT.  10,  ion. 


as  quite  removed  from  a  mere  coincidence. 
*Is  it  Shakespeare?'  has  been  out  several 
months  now,  and  no  answer  or  explanation 
of  this  singular  and  far-reaching  discovery 
has  appeared,  so  far  as  1  know.  Devout 
Shakespearian^  naturally  want  their  great 
leaders  and  critics  to  explain  away  such  an 
atrocious  revelation ;  but  MR.  DOUSE'S  answer 
does  not  touch  this  head  and  front  of  the 
offending  at  all.  Possibly  he  did  not  know 
the  book  referred  to  in  the  query. 

NE  QUID  NIMIS. 

Too  much  stress  is  laid  by  MR.  DOUSE  on 
Mr.  W.  H.,  not  yet  absolutely  identified  : 
whereas  the  dedications  of  'Venus  ana 
Adonis,'  more  especially  of  'Lucrece,'  identify 
Lord  Southampton  as  patron,  and  convey 
the  sense  of  obligation  under  which  the  poet 
lay  in  the  promise  given  and  "duty"  owing : 
"  What  I  have  to  do  is  yours."  A.  HALL. 

WAGGONER'S  WELLS  (10th  S.  ii.  129).— I  have 
always  understood  these  Wakener's  Wells 
preserved  the  name  of  Walkelin,  one  of  the 
architects  of  Winchester  Cathedral.  I  do  not 
think  they  perpetuate  the  "wakeman"  or 
"  hornblower  "  in  any  way. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

A  well-dressing  such  as  that  observed  at 
Tissington  was,  like  other  village  festivals, 
such  as  a  "rush-bearing,"  called  a  "wake," 
and  it  seems  probable  that  this  was  originally 
"  Wakener's  Well,"  so  called  not  from  any 
horn-blowing,  but  from  the  wake  or  festival 
held  there  in  connexion  with  the  well-dress- 
ing. J.  HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

"KABOOSE"  (10th  S.  ii.  106).— This  is  also, 
I  believe,  the  name  of  the  cab,  or  shelter,  on 
the  locomotive  engine  in  America.  It  is, 
besides,  the  name  of  a  game  of  patience  with 
oards  usually  played  by  four  people.  The 
word  is  often  spelt  with  a  c.  L.  L.  K. 

In  Northern  Germany  die  Kabuse  is  in 
•common  familiar  use,  by  which  a  poky  hole 
of  a  room,  a  narrow  closet  (especially  one 
badly  lighted),  an  alcove,  is  designated.  It 
is  the  Dutch  kombiise,  the  galley  of  a  ship, 
and  I  find  "caboose"  with  that  sense  in  the 
English  dictionaries ;  for  etymology  see  Prof. 
Skeat's  'Etym.  Diet.'  The  contemptuous- 
ness  of  the  term  may  be  the  connecting  link 
between  the  meaning  in  our  language  and 
that  in  Yiddish ;  but  this  is  a  mere  supposi- 
tion. G.  KRUEGER. 

Berlin. 

Caboose  is    nautical,   put    for    the    cook's 
galley":     Dutch    kabuis,     Danish    kabys, 


Swedish  kabysa.  The  synonym  "galley'7 
points  to  galleon,  for  a  sailing  vessel ;  and 
cf.  cabin.  A.  H. 

"  CRY  YOU  MERCY,  I  TOOK  YOU  FOR  A  JOINT- 
STOOL  "  (10th  S.  ii.  66). — There  is  a  similar 
proverbial  saying,  "  Cry  you  mercy  killed  my 
cat,"  spoken  as  a  retort  to  one  who  has  done 
another  an  ill  turn  and  would  then  crave 
pardon,  pity,  or  compassion,  and  it  seems 
probable  that  the  selection  of  such  a  quasi- 
haphazard  object  as  a  cat,  a  common  adjunct 
of  the  home,  is  on  a  par  with  a  joint-stool, 
also  a  common  article  of  domestic  furniture, 
being  requisitioned  facetiously  for  like  illus- 
trative purposes.  Prince  Henry  says  to 
Falstaff,  "  Thy  state  (throne)  is  taken  for  a 
joint-stool"  ('1  Henry  IV.,'  II.  iv.).  The 
humorously  sarcastic  import  of  the  proverb 
is  seen  in  John  Lilly's  '  Mother  Bombie,'  1594. 
There  one  of  the  characters,  Accius  by  name, 
in  a  "huff,"  says  to  Silena,  "You  neede  not 
bee  so  lustye,  you  are  not  so  honest,"  and  the 
latter  replies,  "I  crie  you  mercy,  I  took  you 
for  a  joynd  stoole."  In  Act  IV.  sc.  ii.  a  similar 
proverb  seems  to  be  employed  when  Silena 
says,  "I  cry  you  mercy,  I  have  held  your 
cushion."  "Cry  you  mercy" — it  is  perhaps 
hardly  necessary  to  mention — is  the  equiva- 
lent of  "I  beg  your  pardon,"  and  it  seems 
that  the  fool,  in  his  privileged  way,  was 
addressing,  not  Goneril,  but  his  lord  and 
master  King  Lear,  affecting  humorously  to 
regard  the  king's  observation,  "She  cannot 
deny  it,"  as  of  as  much  importance  as  if  it 
had  proceeded  from  such  a  senseless  thing  as 
a  joint-stool,  or  pretending  to  be  ignorant  of 
the  king's  presence.  But  the  king  heeds  not 
the  remark,  as,  of  course,  he  would  have  been 
constrained  to  do  if  it  had  emanated  from 
any  other  quarter. 

Nares  says  the  phrase  was  perhaps  in- 
tended as  a  ridiculous  instance  of  making  an 
offence  worse  by  a  foolish  and  improbable 
apology ;  or  perhaps  merely  as  a  pert  reply 
when  a  person  was  setting  forth  himself,  or 
saying  who  or  what  he  was. 

J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

161,  Hammersmith  Road. 

FITZGERALD  BIBLIOGRAPHY  (10th  S.  ii.  141). 
— I  took  part  in  the  correspondence  in  the 
Athenceum,  referred  to  by  COL.  PRIDE AUX,  on 
the  erroneous  attribution  of  a  poem  called 
'The  Cousins,' written  by  E.  M.Fitzgerald, 
to  Edward  FitzGerald,  by  stating,  on  the  late 
Mr.  Robert  Browning's  authority,  that  the 
verses  were  by  the  former.  In  support  of 
what  COL.  PRIDEAUX  calls  Mr.  Thomas 
Wright's  "  hard  language  "  about  this  author's 
career,  I  now  add  that  Mr.  Browning  told 


io<"  s.  ii.  SEPT.  10, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


215 


roe  that  at  one  time  Mr.  E  M.  Fitzgerald 
had  a  good  position  in  London  society,  but 
owing  to  some  disgraceful  conduct  forfeited 
it,  and  went  to  live  abroad.  Of  his  subse- 
quent career  there  Mr.  Browning  gave  some 
further  details  ;  but  as  his  chief  title  to  fame 
is  derived  from  the  confusion  of  his  work 
with  that  of  more  celebrated  men,  I  do  not 
consider  that  I  am  justified  in  publishing 
them  in  print  until  I  know  that  there  are  no 
relatives  living  to  whom  they  might  cause 
pain.  WILLIAM  E.  MOZLEY. 

FOTHERINGAY  (10th  S.  ii.  128).— The  origin 
of  Fotheringay  involves  a  long  and  some- 
what difficult  story,  which  I  must  decline  to 
publish  all  over  again.  In  my  *  Place-names 
of  Cambridgeshire,'  pp.  56-8,  I  have  proved 
that  the  real  suffix  is  -a?/,  Anglo-French  -hay, 
variant  of  -ey ;  from  the  Anglian  eg,  an 
island,  peninsula.  It  is  situate  on  a  peninsula 
formed  by  the  river  Nen  and  a  tributary. 
To  get  the  true  value,  we  require  a  truly  old 
spelling  ;  but  a  likely  origin  is  an  A.-S.  form 
Forthheringa  ey,  "  isle  (or  peninsula)  of  the 
Forth-herings"  or  of  the  "  sons  (or  tribe)  of 
Forth- here."  The  name  Forth-here  occurs  in 
the  'A.-S.  Chronicle,' and  in  Sweet,  'Oldest 
Eng.  Texts,'  p.  537.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

The  recognized  modern  spelling  of  this 
word  is  undoubtedly  Fotheringhay.  In  both 
*  Kelly's  Directory  of  Northamptonshire  '  and 
the  '  Post  Office  Directory  '  it  is  thus  recorded. 
The  two  historians  of  Fotheringhay,  Arch- 
deacon Bonney  and  Cuthbert  Bede,  also  adopt 
this  spelling  of  the  word  in  every  instance. 
Perhaps  in  time  we  may  learn  to  pronounce 
the  last  syllable  "  hay  "  instead  of  ugay,"  and 
then  all  difficulty  will  be  at  an  end.  Arch- 
deacon Bonney  says : — 

".The  name  of  this  place  is  variously  spelled  by 
the  authors  who  have  mentioned  it.  In  Domesday 
it  is  called  Fodringtia ;  which  Leland  properly 
renders  Foderinyeye,  meaning  Fodering  indosure— 
or  that  part  of  the  forest  which  was  separated  from 
the  rest,  for  the  purpose  of  producing  hay." 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

The  '  Encyclopaedia  Britannica '  spells  this 
word  both  Fotheringay  and  Fotheringhay. 
Pigot  leaves  out  the  last  h,  the  'National 
Gazetteer'  admits  it,  so  does  the  'Beauties 
of  England  and  Wales.'  The  ancient  spelling 
was  Fodringhey. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D- 

Bradford. 

Sir  Amias  Paulet  and  Sir  Drue  Drury, 
writing  to  Sir  Francis  Walsingham  on 
2  February,  1586  [1587]  (according  to  Mr. 
•Charles  Knight),  dated  their  letter  from 


Fotheringay.  The  Harleian  MS.,  as  quoted 
by  Mr.  Knight,  uses  the  same  spelling,  which 
would  thus  appear  to  be  the  correct  one. 
The  late  Mr.  John  Henry  Parker,  C.B.,  in  his 
'  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Gothic  Archi- 
tecture,' on  p.  201  (1900  edition),  speaks  of 
Fotheringhay.  RONALD  DIXON. 

46,  Marlborbugh  Avenue,  Hull. 

The  occasional  spelling  Fotheringto/  sug- 
gests that  this  word  meant  meadow  or  grass 
land.  Father  is  an  old  form  of  fodder,  and  a 
hay  was  a  forest  or  park  fenced  with  rails, 
whence  "  to  dance  the  hay  "  was  to  dance  m 
a  ring.  J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

[MR.  S.  J.  ALDRICH  also  gives  Bonney's  quotation 
from  Leland.] 

PARISH  CLERK  (10th  S.  ii.  128).-In  the 
southern  portion  of  the  churchyard  attached 
to  St.  Andrew's  Church,  Rugby,  is  a  plain 
upright  stone,  containing  the  following  in- 
scription : — 

In  memory  of 

Peter  Collis 

33  Years  Clerk  of 

this  Pariah 
who  died  Feb>  28th  1818 

aged  82  years. 
(Then  follow  some  lines  of  poetry  not  now- 
discernible.) 

At  the  time  Peter  held  office  the  incumbent 
was  noted  for  his  card-playing  propensities, 
and  the  clerk  was  much  addicted  to  cock- 
fighting.  The  following  couplet  relating  to 
these  worthies  is  still  remembered  : 
No  wonder  the  people  of  Rugby  are  all  in  the  dark, 
With  a  card -playing  parson  and  a  cock -lighting 

clerk. 

Peter's  father  was  clerk  before  him,  and  on  a, 
stone  to  his  memory  is  recorded  as  follows: 

In  Memory  of 
John  Collis  Husband  of 
Eliz :  Collis  who  liv'd  in 
Wedlock  together  50  Years 
he  served  as  Parish  Clerk  41  \  ears 
and  Died  June  19th  1781  Aged  69  Years. 
Him  who  covered  up  the  Dead 
Is  himself  laid  in  the  same  bed 
Time  with  his  crooked  scythe  hath  made 
Him  lay  his  mattock  down  and  spade 
May  he  and  we  all  rise  again 
To  everlasting  life  AMEN. 
The  name  Collis  occurs  among  those  who 
have  held  the  office  of  parish  clerk  at  West 
Haddon.     On  the  occasion  of  a  recent  resig- 
nation of  the  office  I  gleaned  the  following 
particulars  from    the    parish    registers  and 
other  sources.    The  clerk   who  resigned  m 
1903  was  Mr.  Thomas  Adams,  who  filled  the 
position  for  eighteen  years.    He  succeeded 
lis  father-in-law  William   Prestidge,  who 
died  24  March,  1886,  after  holding  the  office 


216 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [10*  s.  n.  SEPT.  10, 


fifty  -  three  years.  His  predecessor  was 
Thomas  Collis,  who  died  30  January,  1833, 
after  holding  office  fifty -two  years,  and 
succeeding  John  Colledge,  who,  according  to 
an  old  weather-worn  stone,  still  standing  in 
the  churchyard,  died  12  September,  1781. 
Ho\v  long  Colledge  held  office  cannot  now 
be  ascertained. 

I  am  told  that  the  following  lines  are  to  be 
seen  on  a  stone  in  Shenley  Churchyard  : — 
Silent  in  dust  lies  mouldering  here, 
A  Parish  Clerk  of  voice  most  clear. 
None  Joseph  Rogers  could  excel 
In  laying  bricks  or  singing  well ; 
Though  snapp'd  his  line,  laid  by  his  rod 
We  build  for  him  our  hopes  in  God. 

There  is  in  Cromer  Churchyard  a  stone 
"sacred  to  the  memory  of  David  Vial,  who 
departed  this  life  the  26th  of  March,  1873, 
aged  94  years,  for  sixty  years  clerk  of  this 
parish." 

A  chapter  is  devoted  to  '  Parish  Clerks  and 
Sextons5  in  "Curious  Epitaphs:  collected 
and  edited  by  William  Andrews  "  (1899).  See 
also  8th  S.  v.  412  ;  9th  S.  x.  306,  373,  434,  517  ; 
xi.  53,  235,  511 ;  xii.  115,  453. 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

A  lady  friend  of  mine,  still  living,  and  the 
daughter  of  a  clergyman,  assured  me  that  in 
a  country  parish,  where  the  church  service 
was  conducted  in  a  very  free-and-easy,  go-as- 
you-please  sort  of  way,  the  clerk,  looking  up 
at  the  parson,  asked,  "  What  shall  we  do 
next,  zurr  1 "  EDWARD  P.  WOLFERSTAN. 

45,  Lincoln's  Inn  Fields. 

At  the  village  church  of  Whittington,  near 
Oswestry,  there  is  a  well-known  epitaph 
which  may  interest  MR.  DITCHFIELD  :— 

"  March  13th,  1766,  died  Thomas  Evans,  Parish 
Clerk,  aged  72. 

Old  Sternhold's  lines  or  '  Vicar  of  Bray,' 
Which  he  tuned  best  'twas  hard  to  say." 

WM.  JAGGARD. 
139,  Canning  Street,  Liverpool. 

VACCINATION  AND  INOCULATION  (10th  S.  ii 
27,   132).  —  It   was   not  always    the    custom 
to  enter    into   residence    for    treatment    ir 
the    manner    indicated    in    the    advertise 
ment     quoted     at     the     second     reference 
Persons  were  frequently  inoculated  in  thei 
own  homes,  as  well  as  in  places  of  genera 
resort.     Sometimes    there   was    preparatory 
treatment,    sometimes    not.     Gradually    the 
preparatory  treatment  resolved  itself    into 
two  opposing  methods,  known  as  the  "•  cool " 
and  the   "warm."     At    the    period    of    the 
advertisement  the  former  had  almost  ousted 
the  latter,  and  we  may  conclude  therefore 


hat  the  particular  treatment  it  refers  to> 
was  a  variant  of  the  "Suttonian"  method. 
?his  acquired  its  name  from  its  inventor 
)r.  Daniel  Sutton,  who  opened  an  inoculating 
louse  at  Ingatestone  in  Essex  about  1764. 
A  fortnight  was  required  in  which  to  prepare 
he  patient  for  the  operation.  During  this 
ime  animal  food  (except  milk),  spices,  and 
ntoxicants  were  forbidden.  Fruit  of  all 
dnds  was  permitted,  except  when  purges 
;vere  to  be  taken,  which  was  on  three  occa- 
ions  during  the  fortnight.  After  the  opera- 
ion  the  treatment  was  of  the  "open  air" 
find,  for  except  to  sleep,  a  patient  was  not 
allowed  to  go  to  bed,  but  must  be  in  the 
open  air,  even  when  too  ill  to  stand  alone. 
Copious  draughts  of  cold  water  were  recom- 
mended. According  to  the  Rev.  Robert 
Houlton,  in  three  years  some  20,000  persons 
were  inoculated  by  Sutton  and  his  assistants 
without  a  single  death. 

Inoculation  is  an  illegal,  and  it  may  be 
a  barbarous  operation,  but  it  is  well  to- 
remember  that  it  is  strictly  analogous  with 
the  inoculations  for  chicken  cholera,  anthrax, 
and  rabies,  introduced  by  Pasteur.  Variola- 
tion,  though  a  dangerous  practice,  can  at 
least  claim  to  be  based  on  scientific  grounds, 
viz.,  the  prevention  or  modification  of  a 
disease  by  artificially  inducing  a  mild  attack 
of  that  disease  (Prof.  Crookshank,  '  History 
and  Pathology  of  Vaccination,'  p.  464). 

E.  G.  B. 

SILK  MEN  :  SILK  THROWSTERS  (10th  S.  ii. 
128).— The  Silk  Throwers,  or  Throwsters, 
were  constituted  a  fellowship  in  1562,  but 
were  not  incorporated  till  1630.  The  Silk- 
men  were  incorporated  in  1631.  In  1697  the 
silk  weavers  of  London,  in  the  belief  that 
the  importation  of  India  silks  and  calicoes 
was  the  cause  of  their  business  proving  less 
beneficial  than  it  otherwise  would  be, 
assaulted  the  East  India  House,  and  were 
near  getting  possession  of  the  Company's 
treasure  before  they  were  dispersed  by  the- 
civil  power. 

In  the  year  1608  an  attempt  had  been  made- 
under  the  immediate  patronage  of  King 
James  to  produce  silk  in  England,  and 
circular  letters  were  sent  to  all  the  counties 
directing  the  planting  of  mulberry  trees, 
with  instructions  for  the  breeding  and  feed- 
ing silkworms,  &c.  This  scheme  was  not 
successful,  yet  it  was  not  wholly  discontinued 
even  so  late  as  1629,  as  may  be  inferred  from 
a  grant  to  Walter,  Lord  Aston,  &c.,  of  the 
custody  of  the  garden,  mulberry  trees,  and 
silkworms  near  St.  James's,  in  the  county 
of  Middlesex.  The  silk  manufacture,  how- 
ever, had  become  so  flourishing  that  in  the 


s.  ii.  SEPT.  10, 1904.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


217 


flatter  year  the  Silk  Throwers  of  London  and 
its  vicinity,  to  the  extent  of  four  miles,  were 
•erected  into  a  company.  For  other  par- 
ticulars see  vol.  x.  parts  1  and  2  of  the 
•*  Beauties  of  England  and  Wales.' 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 
Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

The  art  of  silk-throwing  was  first  practised 
in  London  in  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth 
'(1558-1603)  by  foreigners,  whose  descendants 
-and  others,  anno  1622,  were  constituted  a 
fellowship  of  the  City  of  London.  By  letters 
patent  of  Charles  L,  23  March,  1630,  they 
\vere  incorporated  by  the  title  of  "The  Master, 
Wardens,  Assistants,  and  Commonalty  of  the 
Trade,  Art,  or  Mystery  of  Silk  Throwers  of 
ithe  City  of  London." 

The  Company  of  Silkmen  was  incorporated 
•on  23  May,  1631,  by  the  name  of  the 
"  Governor,  Commonalty,  and  Assistants  of 
the  Art  or  Mystery  of  Silkmen  of  the  City  of 
London,"  but,  like  the  Silk  Throwers,  had 
•neither  livery  nor  hall  in  which  to  manage 
their  affairs.  The  name  appears  in  a  list  of 
the  City  Companies  dated  1843,  but  the 
-Company,  I  think,  has  now  ceased  to  exist. 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

The  Silkmen,  who  were  a  distinct  frater- 
nity from  the  Silk  Throwers,  were  incor- 
porated by  letters  patent  of  King  Charles  I. 
in  the  year  1631.  They  had  neither  hall  nor 
livery.  Neither  had  the  Silk  Throwsters, 
\vhose  art  was  first  practised  in  London  in 
the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth  by  foreigners, 
whose  descendants  and  others  were,  in  the 
year  1562,  constituted  a  fellowship  of  the 
City  of  London,  and  by  letters  patent  of 
Charles  I.  in  the  year  1630  were  incorporated 
by  the  name  of  "The  Master,  Wardens, 
Assistants,  and  Commonalty  of  the  Trade, 
Art.  or  Mystery  of  Silk  Throwers  of  the  City 
of  London."  A  silk  thrower  was  one  who 
wound,  twisted,  spun,  or  threw  silk  in  order 
to  fit  it  for  use,  while  a  silkman  was  merely 
-a  dealer  in  silk — a  silk-mercer.  Three  hanks 
of  silk  are  borne  in  the  arms  of  the  latter 
company,  and  it  has  been  ingeniously  sug- 
gested by  a  writer  of  a  "  turnover  "  in  the 
Globe  that  our  reduplicated  word  "hanky- 
panky,"  as  applied  to  an  action  evincing  a 
fiffst  in  a  person's  character  or  behaviour,  is 
derived  from  the  twist  in  a  hank  of  silk  or 

WOOl.  J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

WHITSUNDAY  (10th  S.  ii.  121).— I  think 
some  readers  may  be  glad  of  some  more  early 
examples  of  the  use  of  the  word. 

It  occurs  in  Layaraon's  'Brut,'  about 
A.D.  1205.  This  has  the  great  advantage 


of  having  been  written  in  fairly  regular 
metre,  so  that  we  can  count  the  syllables. 

In  vol.  ii.  p.  308,  1.  17481,  we  have  the 
seven-syllable  line  "  to  Whit-e-mn-e-doei-e" 
This  is  in  the  dative  case;  the  nom.  was 
Whit-e-sun-e-dcei,  in  five  syllables.  Rather 
an  awkward  form  to  evolve  from  G.  Pfing- 
sten !  The  same  dative  appears  again  on  the 
next  page,  at  1.  17484. 

In  vol.  iii.   p.  2C7,  1.  31524,  we  have  the 
following  pair  of  lines,  both  of  eight  syllables  : 
Hit  i-16mp  an  an-e  tim-e 
To  than  Whlt-e-siin-e  tid-e. 

I.e.,  it  happened  on  a  time,  at  the  Whitsun- 
tide. Here  White-sune  consists  of  four  svlla- 
bles.  The  final  -e  in  Whil-e  and  the  final  -e 
in  sun-e  both  represented  an  A.-S.  suffix  -an  ; 
and  that  is  why  they  were  treated,  at  the 
first,  as  separate  syllables.  For  the  same 
reason,  the  expression  Whitsuntide  was  used 
instead  of  Whitsunday-tide,  which  was  prac- 
tically unmanageable,  being  (at  that  date) 
a  form  containing  no  less  than  six  syllables. 

In  the  '  Ancren  Riwle,'  or  '  Rule  of  Ancho- 
resses '  (about  1225),  we  find,  at  p.  413,  the 
five-syllable  form  hwit-e-sun-e-dei.  The  reality 
of  the  -e-,  as  forming  a  separate  syllable,  is 
apparent  from  the  fact  that  the  parallel 
form  sunendei  occurs  twice  on  the  same  page. 

The  Normans  were  mostly  unable  to  pro- 
nounce hw  (or  wh)  properly,  and  substituted 
a  common  voiced  w  in  its  place;  with  a 
determination  so  stubborn  that  we  all  do 
the  same  still  in  the  southern  parts  of  Eng- 
land. This  habit  frequently  appears  in  their 
spelling  also,  as  the  scribes  were  mostly 
Normans.  Hence  it  was  that,  in  the  later 
text  of  Layamon  (later  by  a  score  of  years  or 
so),  we  already  find  the  spelling  Wit-e-son-e- 
daiye  (in  the  dative)  in  the  later  copy  of 
1.  17481.  Again,  in  the  '  Old  English  Homi- 
lies'  (about  1230),  edited  by  Morris,  i.  209, 
we  find  a  reference  to  "  the  holi  goste,  thet 
thu  on  hivite  sune  dai  sendest  thine  deore- 
wurthe  deciples,"  i.e.,  the  Holy  Ghost,  that 
thou  on  Whitsunday  didst  send  to  thy 
beloved  disciples. 

The  syllabic  e  that  first  disappeared  was, 
of  course,  the  termination  of  the  adjective. 
Hence,  in  the  'Early  South  -  English  Le- 
gendary' (about  1290),  we  find  Wit-sonen-tid 
in  the  'Life  of  Beket,'  p.  115,  1.  297;  and 
Witsonenday  in  the  '  Life  of  St.  John,'  p.  403, 
1.  38.  Then  it  was  that  the  mischief-making 
inventors  of  fables  got  their  first  chance,  and 
started  the  derivation  of  Whitsunday  from 
wit,  in  the  sense  of  heavenly  wisdom,  an 
idea  still  much  applauded  by  many  who 
prefer  such  stories  to  research. 

It  was  nob  till  modern    times  that  still 


218 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [10*  s.  n.  SEPT.  10, 1904. 


bolder  spirits  bethought  themselves  of  the 
German  ^Pfingsten;  whist  the  equally  wi  d 
idea  of  explaining  Whitsun-  from  the  Old 
TJizh  German  wizzan  (pronounced  witsan),  to 
know  was  reserved  for  the  twentieth  cen- 
turv  '  Of  course  this  involves  the  assumption 
that  the  word  was  formed  from  an  infinitive 
mood,  and  meant  "to  know  Sunday";  but 
nothing  is  ever  seen  by  such  ingenious 
people  in  a  comic  light. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

Greenwell,  in  his  'British  Barrows' p.  412, 
mentions  "  a  remarkable  assemblage  of  early 
remains,  consisting  of  a  very  interesting 
example  of  a  fortified  place  called  Whitsun 
Bank,  several  series  of  sculptured  rock- 
markings,  and  sundry  barrows."  These  are 
at  Chatton,  in  Northumberland.  If  we  may 
take  this  as  our  guide,  we  ought  to  divide 
the  word  as  Whitsun-day,  not  Whit-sunday. 

S.  O.  ADDY. 

"VINE"  TAVERN,  MILE  END  (10th  S.  ii. 
167)  _  I  have  always  been  led  to  believe  that 
the  old  "Vine "Tavern  occupied  the  site  of 
one  of  the  toll-houses  which  flanked  the  Mile 
End  turnpike  gate.  If  so,  I  presume  the  old 
shanty  was  erected  on  the  demolition  ot  the 
gate  on  31  October,  1866.  A  correspondence 
on  this  subject  took  place  in  the  antiquarian 
column  of  the  JSast  London  Advertiser  in 
1899-1900,  and  references  were  given  to  a 
number  of  pictures  of  the  gate  previous  to 
its  demolition.  I  can  supply  MR.  NORMAN 
with  particulars  concerning  these  if  desired. 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

County  of  Suffolk:  ^s  History  as  disclosed  by 
Existing  Records,  <fcc.  By  W.  A.  Copmger,  LL.D. 
Vol  I.  (Sotheran  &  Co.) 

WE  have  here  from  Prof.  Copinger,  an  ex-president 
of  the  Bibliographical  Society,  to  whom  are  owing, 
among  other  works,  'Incunabula  Biblica  and  a 
s™ppliment  to  Hain's  '  Repertorium  Bibhogra- 
phicum,'  a  book  which,  so  far  « j  we  know,  is 
unique.  It  consists  of  an  alphabetical  list  of  all 
materials  for  the  history  of  Suffolk  existing  in  the 
Siape  of  MSS.,  Charters  and  Rolls  in  the  British 
SSeum,  the  Record  Office,  and  all  accessible 
Dublic  and  private  depositories.  The  volume  now 
issued  comprises  the  letters  A-B.  It  may  accord- 
ingly  be  assumed  that  the  entire  work  will  be 
completed  in  about  six  volumes.  It  is  difticul 
to  convey  an  idea  of  the  wealth  of  material  thus 
calendared  or  of  the  amount  of  labour  involved  in 
the  execution  of  the  task  Under  headings  such 
as  Bohun,  Bury,  and  the  like,  the  reader  will  find 
proof  of  the  kind  of  investigation  that  is  made.  In 
addition  to  information  as  to  arms,  pedigrees,  &c., 


there  are,  under  Bohun.  references  to  the  Harleiau 
and  Rawlinson  MSS.,  the  Close  Rolls,  the  Gentle- 
man's Magazine,  "  N.  &  Q. ,'  the  registries  of  Queen's- 
College,  Oxford,  the  publications  of  the  Suffolk 
Institute  of  Archaeology,  and  innumerable  other 
publications.  Over  460  pages  are  published,  each 
containing  on  an  average  some  forty  to  fifty  entries. 
How  much  this  work  will  facilitate  the  labours  of 
future  historians  and  topographers  will  be  apparent 
at  a  mere  glance  over  the  pages.  It  is  inconceivable 
that  a  book  of  the  class  shall,  under  present  con- 
ditions, be  remunerative,  since  the  outlay  must 
inevitably  be  heavy.  It  is  accordingly  only  a  man 
of  wealth  and  leisure  by  whom  the  performance  of 
such  a  task  can  be  accomplished.  Some  attempt  to 
issue  the  records  by  subscription  has  been  made,  and 
a  list  of  subscribers  is  given  at  the  end.  This,  which 
occupies  a  single  page,  contains  eighty  odd  names,, 
very  many  of  whom  are  naturally  correspondents 
of  '  N.  &  Q.'  The  only  libraries  which  figure  as  sub- 
scribers are  Chetham's  Library,  Manchester,  the 
Manchester  Public  Libraries,  the  John  Rylands 
Library,  Manchester,  the  Gonville  and  Caius 
Library,  the  Lincoln's  Inn  Library,  the  Reform- 
Club  Library,  the  Norfolk  and  Norwich  Library, 
the  Newberry  Library,  Chicago,  and  the  Library  of 
Yale  University.  Such  great  collections  even  as 
the  Athenaeum  and  the  Guildhall  are  unrepresented- 
It  is  scarcely  to  the  purpose  to  wish  that  a  similar 
task  could  be  accomplished  for  all  our  counties. 
We  can  only  congratulate  Dr.  Copinger  upon 
tiis  loyal  and  disinterested  labours,  and  Suffolk 
students  on  the  sort  of  supremacy  for  which  they 
are  indebted  to  him. 

Classical  and  Foreign  Quotations.   Compiled,  edited,. 

&c.,  by  W.  Francis  H.  King,  M.A.    (Whitaker  & 

Sons.) 

IN  its  third  edition,  which  has  been  revised  and 
rewritten,  the  present  work  is,  in  its  line,  the  best 
available.  It  has  been  exposed  during  recent  years 
bo  formidable  competition,  yet  it  maintains  up  till 
now  its  supremacy.  The  work  of  a  good  scholar, 
it  is  thoroughly  trustworthy  as  regards  its  classical 
quotations,  in  which,  indeed,  it  approaches  per- 
fection. Finality  is  not,  however,  to  be  hoped  in  a 
work  of  this  class,  and  will  never  be  obtained. 
There  is  not,  perhaps,  a  single  arduous  ^student, 
who  has  not,  in  some  form  or  other,  preserved 
sententious  or  gnomical  passages  by  which  he  has 
been  struck.  We  have  ourselves  indulged  in  the 
practice  for  more  than  half  a  century.  In  the  case- 
f  classical  subjects  we  have  few  omissions  to  note 
n  the  new  work.  From  Moliere,  on  the  other 
land,  we  have  innumerable  extracts,  most  of  which- 
differ  from  those  included  in  Mr.  King's  volume, 
while  in  Montaigne  we  feel  disposed  to  complain 
of  absolute  shortcoming.  From  our  own  garner  we 
could  easily  enlarge  and  improve  the  volume,  and 
we  suspect  that  there  are  few  serious  students  who- 
;ouid  not  say  the  same.  Occasionally,  but  rarely,, 
we  come  on  an  inaccuracy. 

The  conscious  water  saw  its  God,  and  blushed, 
attributed  to  R.  Crashaw,  is  by  Aaron  Hill. 
Drashaw  is  responsible  for  the  Latin  original  only.. 
More  often  we  find  omissions ;  but  for  these  we 
lesitate  to  condemn.  Many  mottoes  are  given.. 
That  of  Scribe,  which  we  think  one  of  the  best,  is 
omitted.  It  is  in  a  scroll  round  a  pen,  and  runs,. 
"Inde  fortuna  et  libertas."  "  Fuimus,"  the  noble- 
motto  of  the  Bruces,  might  also  be  given  with, 


ii.  SEPT.  10, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


219 


advantage.  In  quoting  Dante's  lines,  'Inferno,' 
xix.  115-17,  addressed  to  the  Emperor  Constantine, 
beginning 

Ahi,  Constantin,  di  quanto  nial  fu  matre, 
it  would  be  better  to  use  the  translation  of  Milton, 
happily  available,  than  that  of  the  respectable 
Gary.  It  is  satisfactory  to  find  the  right  meaning 
and  authority  given  for  the  phrase,  constantly 
misused,  "  Cui  bono?"  Greek,  Latin,  Italian, 
French,  and  German  quotations  are  numerous,  and 
occasional  excursions  are  made  into  other  Romance 
languages.  In  a  quotation  from  '  Le  Grand  Testa- 
ment' of  Villon  (see  p.  64)  the  word  "eftions" 
should  be  estions.  The  long  -s  has  been  mistaken  for 
an/.  In  the  black-letter  editions  what  is  here  given 

Deux  eftions,  et  n'avions  qu'ung  cueur, 
should  read 

Deux  estoient  et  n'avoient  qu'ung  cueur. 
Under  "Quos  Deus  vult  perdere,  prius  dementat," 
appears  a  long  and  erudite  note.  We  have  found 
a  few  errors,  all  trivial,  and  are  not  disposed  to 
dwell  on  them.  On  the  other  hand,  we  can  bear 
the  tribute  that,  apart  from  its  value  as  a  book  of 
reference,  the  work  leads  us  on  to  sustained  perusal. 
When  once  we  dip  into  it  we  are  scarcely  able  to 
lay  it  down. 

Essays  on  Art,  Life,  and  Science.  By  Samuel 
Butler.  Edited  by  R.  A.  Streatfeild.  (Grant 
Richards.) 

THE  author  of  '  Erewhon '  was  that  rarely  found 
and    eminently    welcome    combination    an    exact 
scholar  and  a  profound  humourist.     This  praise 
includes  in  Renaissance  times  Rabelais,  Erasmus. 
and  Montaigne,   men  who    have    been    the    chief 
delight  of  subsequent  scholars.    With  these  men, 
or  with  some  of  them,  at  least,  Butler  has  this 
in  common,  that  he  lets  his  fancy  run  away  with 
him,  and  leaves  his  worshippers  in  some  doubt  as 
to  how  far,  if  at  all,  he  is  ever  to  be  taken  quite 
seriously.    Doubt  of  the  kind  presents  itself  often 
in  reading  these  collected  essays,  two  of  which 
were  first  heard  as  lectures,  while  the  rest  were 
published  in  the  Universal  fieview.    As  the  work 
of  a  man  unique  in  his  way,  of  most  varied  acquire- 
ments, of  unsurpassable  alertness  and  of  profound 
originality,  a  pungent  satirist,  and  yet  a  dreamer 
and  a  worshipper  of  the   ideal,   the  papers  now 
collected    are    very   welcome.      'Quis    Desiderio,' 
which  stands  first,  approaches  books  from  a  new 
bibliophilistic,  though  hardly  from  a  bibliographical 
standpoint.    In  order  to  write  in  comfort  at  the 
British    Museum    or  elsewhere,  Butler  needed   a 
sloping  desk,  a  commodity  the  Museum  does  not 
supply.    A  task  on  which  he  bent  his  energies  was 
to  discover  among    all  the  "interesting  works'" 
which  the  Museum  contains  one  that  he  could  adapl 
to  his  purpose.    This,  after  weeks  of  experiments 
he  found  in  Frost's  *  Lives  of  Eminent  Christians, 
•and  on  this  most  of  his  lucubrations  were  penned 
As  no  one  but  he  ever  employed  the  work,  it  was  re 
moved  from  its  accessible  shelves,  and  the  subsequeni 
career  of  the  author  was  said  to  have  dependec 
upon  his  ability  to  find  another  equally  available 
volume.     Some  delightfully  characteristic  humour 
is  spent  on  this  discussion.     'Ramblings  in  Cheap 
side,'  which  follows,  contains  much  charming  extra 
vagance,  such  as  the  declaration  concerning  books 
that  "  '  Webster's  Dictionary,'  '  Whitaker's  Alma 
nack,' and  'Bradshaw's  Railway  Guide' should  be 


ufficient  for  any  ordinary  library."  At  the  close 
f  the  volume  is  to  be  found  some  serious  and  con- 
roversial  reasoning  on  matters  connected  with  the 
rigin  of  species.  What  is  really  to  be  read  and  to 
>e  commended  to  all  lovers  of  humour  is  the  open- 
ng  portion.  He  who  fails  to  acquire  or  read  this 
olume  will  neglect  his  opportunities. 

PART  XXIII.    of    Great    Masters    (Heinemann)v 
which,  if  the  original  plan  is  maintained,  should  be 
he  penultimate  number,  contains  four  specimens 
>f  Velasquez,  Lancret,  Veronese,  and  Rembrandt, 
The  first  portrait,  that  of  'The  Lady  with   the 
an,'  painted  in  1631,  is  one  of  the  few  likenesses- 
f  that  illustrious  artist  which  depict  a  person  of 
lirth    supposedly  non-royal.     Whom    it   presents 
will  never  be  known.    It  is  enough  to  say  that  she 
s  characteristically  Spanish,  religious,  dark,  ano> 
landsome,  wears  her  mantilla  with  grace,  and  is 
>ainted  as  only  this  artist  could  paint.     Lancret's 
FeteGalante,  from  Sir  Algernon  Coote's  collection, 
s  one  of  his  most  important  works.    It  is  painted  in> 
acknowledged  imitation  of   '  L'Embarcation  pour 
Jythore'  of  VVatteau,  his  rival  and  superior,  and 
s  a  striking  specimen    of    his   gayest    and    most 
,oyous  work.     An  essay  upon  regency  manners  and 
upon  characteristic  features  of  eighteenth-century 
iterature  might  be  written  from  this  work.     Fron> 
the  Doge's  Palace,  Venice,  where  it  occupies  the 
place  for  which  it  was  originally  designed,  comes 
The  Rape  of  Europa'   of  Paolo  Veronese.    Not 
very  comprehensible  from  the  point  of    view  of 
fable  is  the  picture,  and  it  is  as  far  as  possible  from 
">reek  motive.    It  is,  however,  a  splendid  piece  of 
iageantry,  and  its  rich  stuffs,  gorgeous  colouring, 
exquisitely  voluptuous    fc 


ana  exquisitely  voluptuous  forms  are  faithfully 
reproduced.  In  striking  contrast  with  the  sensuous- 
ness  of  this  work  is  the  rigid  asceticism  of  the 
*  Portrait  of  an  Old  Woman  by  Rembrandt,  from 
the  collection  of  Mr.  Hugh  L.  Lane.  Increased 
knowledge  has  deprived  this  work  of  the  title  of 
the  painter's  mother,  traditionally  bestowed  upon 
it.  It  was,  indeed,  executed  twelve  years  after  the 
death  of  that  mother  Rembrandt  so  frequently  and 
so  reverently  painted.  Its  uncompromising  fidelity 
is  not  its  only  transcendent  merit. 

MR.  H.  B.  M'CALL  contributes  to  Yorkshire  Note* 
and  Queries  for  August  an  ^interesting  account  of 
the  opening  of  a  barrow  at  Kirklington,  which  took 
idace  about  ten  years  ago.  It  was  probably  of  the 
Bronze  period,  though  no  implements  were  dis- 
covered, so  that  we  have  no  absolute  certainty. 
Most  of  our  readers  have  heard  of  the  Halifax; 
gibbet  law,  but  the  hall  of  judgment,  where  the 
trials  took  place,  had  passed  out  of  common  memory 
and  become  a  joiner's  workshop,  but  a  vague  tradi- 
tion of  its  former  use  had  still  survived.  It  was  used 
as  a  place  for  the  trial  of  certain  offences  in  the 
eighteenth  century,  for  we  hear  of  two  notorious 
scolds  being  tried  there  and  condemned  to  the 
ducking-stool.  Jemmy  Hirst  was  a  notorious  York- 
shire character,  of  whom  Mr.  A.  W.  Millar,  of 
Bradford,  gives  an  account.  His  eccentricities  were 
of  an  amusing  character.  He  usually  rode  on  a  bull 
when  he  went  to  the  market  at  Snaith.  He  had 
also  trained  a  white  bull,  called  Jupiter,  on  which 
he  was  accustomed  to  follow  the  hounds.  We  have 
heard  that  soon  after  his  death  in  1829  a  chap-book 
account  of  his  life  was  vended  by  the  North-Country 
hawkers.  We  think  it  is  now  scarce,  as  we  have 
never  seen  a  copy.  Mr.  Redman's  paper  on  old 
Sheffield  plate  is  of  interest.  The  process  of  coat- 


220 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  SEPT.  10, wo*. 


ing  copper  with  silver  was,  we  are  told,  discovered 
by  Thomas  Bolsover  in  1742,  but  it  was  not  till 
.some  years  later  that  Joseph  Hancock  took  up 
the  matter  and  made  of  it  a  successful  business. 
Prof.  Skeat  contributes  notes  on  the  origin  of  the 
Yorkshire  place-names  Bradford  and  Flamborough. 

MOST  important  of  the  articles  in  the  Burlington 
'{No.  XXII.)  is  that  of  the  'Likeness  of  Christ'  in 
the  Royal  Collection.  This  is  the  work  of  two 
hands,  Mr.  Lionel  Cust,  M.V.O.,  and  Prof.  E.  yon 
Dobschiitz.  A  second  article  on  the  Constantino 
lonides  bequest  is  also  to  be  commended.  Mr. 
P.  M.  Turner  writes  on  '  The  House  and  Collection 
of  Mr.  Edgar  Speyer.'  There  are  many  interesting 
reproductions  of  well-known  paintings  and  supposed 
portraits  of  Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  and  Queen 
Elizabeth. 

IN  the  Fortnightly  Mr.  Arthur  Symons  has  an 
admirable  paper  on  Thomas  Campbell,  which  treats 
rather  grudgingly  the  author  of,  let  us  say,  "  Our 
bugles  sang  truce."  What  is  said  about  Campbell's 
more  ambitious  works  may  not  be  disputed.  Mr. 
;S.  L.  Bensusan  has  a  very  picturesque  style  in 
writing  '  In  Red  Marrakesh.'  Prof.  William  Knight 
pays  a  handsome  tribute  to  George  Frederick  Watts, 
and  Mary  F.  Sandars  says  much  that  is  true,  though 
not  specially  deep,  concerning  Honqre"  de  Balzac. 
'A  Note  on  Mysticism,'  by  Mr.  Oliver  Elton,  is 
thoughtful  and  suggestive.  '  Social  Sickness,'  by 
Mr.  E.  F.  Benson,  involves  a  serious  arraignment 
of  much  of  our  social  system.  *  The  Pessimistic 
Russian 'is  a  short,  but  pregnant  article. — Bishop 
Welldon  points  out,  in  the  Nineteenth  Century, 

*  The  Difficulty  of  preaching  Sermons,'  and  states 
admirably   the   reasons    why    there    are    now   no 
good  sermons.     In  dealing  with    Colley  Gibber's 
''Apology,'  Mr.  H.  B.  Irving  shows  the  respects  in 
which  the  lessons  of  Gibber's  time  present  them- 
selves afresh  to-day.  He  draws,  indeed,  many  moral 
•deductions,  and  is  careful  to  vindicate  the  status 

of  the  actor,  but  gives  us  no  specimens  of  those 
criticisms  upon  actresses  which  are  Colley's 
special  glory.  Mr.  H.  B.  Marriott  Watson  returns 
'to  that  question  of  '  The  American  Woman '  on 
which  he  has  already  been  outspoken.  He  is 
like  enough  to  have  a  hornets'  nest  about  his 

•  ears,  but  his  article  is  valuable.     'My  Friend  the 
Fellah'  is  by  Sir  Walter  Mie"ville.— The  frontis- 
piece to  the  Pall  Mall  consists  of  a  reproduction 
of  a  picture    by  Zurbaran  ("the  painter  to  the 
King,  and  the  king  of  painters")  of  a  'Lady  as 
St.  Margaret,'  otherwise  St.  Marina,  a  saint  whose 
adventures  are  somewhat  mythical.    The  picture 
might  serve  as  companion  to  Mr.  Hind's  '  Days  with 
Velasquez,'   to  illustrate   which  many  well-known 
^portraits  of  royal  children  are  reproduced.    '  Napo- 
leon's Journey  to  Elba,'  by  Constance,  Countess  de 
Ua  Warr,   is  partly  from  unpublished  documents, 
^and  has  great  interest.  In  his  '  Literary  Geography  ' 

Mr.  Sharp  deals  with  the  country  of  Carlyle,  and  in 
^his  '  Master  Workers '  Mr.  Harold  Begbie  with  Dr. 
Alfred  Russel  Wallace.  Mr.  Ernest  M.  Jessop 
writes  on  Montagu  House.  '  A  Forgotten  Frontier,' 
'by  Mr.  Edwin  Arnold,  describes  trie  Roman  Wall 
in  the  North,  which  is  not  quite  forgotten.  An 
^article  on  Sir  John  Arbuthnot  Fisher  has  a  striking 
picture. — Miss  Betham-Edwards  supplies,  in  the 
•Coriihill,  the  third  of  her  *  Household  Budgets,' 
which  deals  with  France.  From  this  the  cost  of 
living  would  appear  to  be  heavier  in  that  country 
than  in  England.  We  are  rather  anxious  to  see  a 


Belgian  budget,  since  life  seems  to  be  cheaper  there 
than  anywhere  in  Western  Europe.  Mr.  Atlay's 
'  A  Glimpse  of  Napoleon  at  Elba '  supports  in 
the  emperor's  own  avowals  some  of  the  worst 
charges  brought  against  him.  Mr.  Lang  con- 
tinues his  "Historic  Mysteries,"  and  deals  once  more 
with  '  The  Chevalier  d'Eon.'  '  Provincial  Letters' 
speaks  in  praise  of  Bury  St.  Edmunds  as  the  final 
goal  for  one  to  whom  the  grasshopper  has  become 
a  burden. — Miss  Emily  A.  Richings  gives  in  the 
Gentleman's  an  interesting  account  of  the  capital  of 
Japan.  Mr.  Foster  Watson  has  an  erudite  article 
on  Baptista  Mantuan,  a  man  concerning  whom 
little  is  now  known,  but  in  whom  a  few  scholars 
still  delight.  Mr.  Herbert  W.  Tompkins  has  some- 
thing more  to  say  on'Charles  Lamb. — In  Longman's 
Mr.  John  Dewar  expatiates  on  the  iniquity  of  '  The 
Indian  Crow.'  Miss  Jebb  gives  an  interesting 
description  of  '  A  Turk  and  an  Armenian,'  and  Mr. 
Lang  in  '  At  the  Sign  of  the  Ship  '  deals  first  with 
Mr.  Rider  Haggard's  dream  concerning  his  dog,  and 
then  gets  on  to  the  subject  of  Australian  aborigines, 
Apropos  of  the  latest  work  of  Messrs.  Spencer  and 
Gillen.  

THE  contributions  to  our  columns  of  Mr.  Thomas 
Bayne  have  led  to  an  application  to  that  writer 
from  the  redaction  of  the  German  Bausteine  to  fur- 
nish its  columns  with  essays  on  the  early  writings 
of  Burns  and  other  Scottish  poets. 


icr 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices  :— 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
ealch  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 
put  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
heading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "  Duplicate." 

MEDICULUS  ("Unanswered  Queries"). — The 
pressure  on  our  space  is  so  great  that  we  are  unable 
to  reprint,  except  in  very  special  cases,  queries  to 
which  no  replies  have  been  received. 

A.  S.  ("Father  Paul  Sarpi ").— The  MS.  is  still 
in  hand,  and  will  be  printed  later. 

JOHN  HEBB  ("  Wattman").— A  note  on  this  sub- 
ject appeared  9th  S.  xii.  147. 

NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "  The  Editor  of  '  Notes  and  Queries ' " — Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "The  Pub- 
lisher"—at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  E.G. 

We  beg  leave  to  state  that  we  decline  to  return 
communications  which,  for  any  reason,  we  do  not 
print ;  and  to  this  rule  we  can  make  no  exception. 


ii.  SKIT.  10,  1904.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


THE    ATHENAEUM 

JOURNAL  OF  ENGLISH  AND  FOREIGN  LITERATURE,  SCIENCE, 
THE  FINE  ARTS,  MUSIC,  AND  THE  DRAMA. 


THIS  WEEK'S  ATHENJEUM  contains  Articles  on 

A   DESCRIPTIVE    CATALOGUE    of  NAVAL   MSS.  in  the  PEPYSIAN  LIBRARY,   MAGDALENE 

COLLEGE,  CAMBRIDGE. 

The  VALUE  of  the  BIBLE.  ELIZABETHAN  CRITICAL  ESSAYS. 

SLANG  and  its  ANALOGUES.  The  CHRONICLE  of  ST.  MONICA'S. 

The  LAST  HOPE.        DOUBLE  HARNESS.        LINDLEY  KAYS.        The  BLACK  SHILLING. 
BOOKS  on  QUOTATIONS.  THEOLOGICAL  LITERATURE. 

A  History  of  the  Delhi  Coronation  Durbar,  1903 ;   Lord  Curzon's  Speeches  on  India ;  My  Memory  of 

Gladstone  ;  The  Story  of  London  at  School,  &c. 
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.  ii.  SEPT.  17, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


221 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  17,  1901.. 


CONTENTS.— No.  38. 

NOTES:— John  Webster  and  Sir  Philip  Sidney,  221  — 
Burton's  'Anatomy  of  Melancholy,'  L'23- "  Saunter"— 
"Agime  ziphree"— Dr.  Bdraond  Halley,  224—"  Klectron" 
—Roger  Mortimer's  Escape—"  Mocassin,"  225— Napoleon 
on  England's  Precedence— English  Extraordinary,  226. 

QUERIES  :— Peel,  a  Mark  — Peg  Woffington  Portraits  — 
Marble  Arch— Longfellow— Manor  Court  of  Bdwinstowe, 
Notts -'Typographia  Antiquae  Koroa;,' 226— '  The  Oxford 
Sausage  ' — '  Glen  Moubray ' — "  Kavison  "  :  "  Scrivelloes  " 
— "Conscience  money"  —  Greenwich  Fair — Hectors  of 
Buckland,  Herts,  227  —  Pembroke  Earldom  —  Edward 
•Colston,  Jun.— Hermit's  Crucifix— Tom  Moody— Mineral 
Wells,  Streatham  —  Bales  —  Thomas  Blacklock— '  Lyrical 
Ballads,'  1793- Naval  Action  of  1779-Mazzard  Fair,  228. 

REPLIES  :— Mummies  for  ColourH,  229 -Bathing-Machines 
—Gipsies  :  "  Chigunnji,"  230— Bel  Folk-lore— Humorous 
Stories— I. H.S.— Coutances,  Winchester,  and  the  Channel 
Islands,  231— Messrs.  Coutts's  Removal— The  Poet  Close— 
Dog-namea,  232— Vanishing  London  —  Closets  in  Edin- 
burgh Buildings— Fettiplace  — Electric  Telegraph  Anti- 
cipated, 234— Sex  before  Birth— Nine  Maidens— Cowper— 
Woffington,  235— "A  shoulder  of  mutton  "—Fair  Maid  of 
Kent,  236— First-Floor  Refectories  — Antiquary  v.  Anti- 
quarian—Owen Brigstocke,  237— Lady  Elizabeth  Germain 
— Manzoni's  'Betrothed,'  238. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— Dorman's  'British  Empire  in  the 
Nineteenth  Century  '  —  White's  '  Dukery  Records  '  - 
Johnston's  'Scottish  Heraldry  Made  Easy '  —  Mylne's 
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Notices  to  Correspondents. 


JOHN   WEBSTER  AND  SIR  PHILIP 
SIDNEY. 

So  little  is  known  of  the  life  of  John 
Webster  that  Dyce,  in  his  account  of  the 
•dramatist's  writings,  complained  that  he  could 
•do  little  more  than  enumerate  his  different 
productions,  several  of  which  have  been  lost. 
Although  I  cannot  add  to  the  meagre  par- 
ticulars that  are  known  concerning  the  man 
and  his  daily  life,  I  shall  make  it  clear  that 
it  is  possible  by  patient  investigation  to  learn 
something  of  the  writer  and  the  authors  he 
studied. 

In  these  papers  I  purpose  confining  myself 
as  much  as  possible  to  three  of  Webster's 
productions — namely,  *  The  Duchess  of  Malfi,' 
'The  Devil's  Law-Case,'  and  the  poem  he 
wrote  on  the  death  of  Henry,  Prince  of  Wales, 
which  is  entitled  'A  Monumental  Column.' 
I  shall  show,  what  has  not  been  noticed  before, 
that  Webster  was  a  devoted  admirer  of  the 
work  of  Sir  Philip  Sidney,  and  that  many  of 
•his  choice  sayings  and  some  of  the  most 
moving  incidents  in  'The  Duchess  of  Malfi  ' 
are  taken  from  or  based  upon  passages  to  be 
found  in  the  '  Arcadia.'  What  Webster 
thought  of  Sir  Philip  Sidney  as  a  scholar 
and  a  soldier  can  be  seen  from  the  allusions 
he  makes  to  him  in  his  'Monuments  of 


Honour.'  He  styles  him  "the  glory  of  our 
clime,"  and  selects  him  from  amongst  all 
contemporary  writers  and  heroes  as  the  most 
fitting  to  be  the  celebrator  of  honour  and 
preserver  of  the  names  of  men  and  memories 
of  cities  to  posterity.  He  had  reason  to  be 
grateful  to  Sir  Philip  Sidney,  as  I  shall  show. 

Doubt  rests  upon  the  date  of  'The  Duchess 
of  Malfi,'  which  Malone,  on  insufficient 
grounds,  assigned  to  the  year  1612  or  there- 
abouts. Yet  it  seems  probable  from  the 
evidence  obtained  from  a  comparison  of  the 
tragedy  with  '  A  Monumental  Column,' 
written  early  in  1613,  and  a  further  com- 
parison of  both  pieces  with  the  '  Arcadia,' 
that  Malone's  date  must  be  very  near  the 
mark.  The  language  and  style  of  'The 
Duchess  of  Malfi'  and  'A  Monumental 
Column  '  are  identical ;  and  throughout  both 
the  influence  of  the  'Arcadia'  is  persistent, 
and  so  palpable  that  it  astonishes  me  that  no 
previous  writer  has  ever  noticed  it.  *  The 
Duchess  of  Malfi'  was  certainly  performed 
before  March,  1618/9,  when  Burbage,  who 
originally  played  Ferdinand,  died.  As  I 
cannot  find  any  of  Webster's  other  produc- 
tions repeating  the  phrasing  and  style  of 
'The  Duchess  of  Malfi'  so  closely  as  *A 
Monumental  Column,'  I  conclude  that  both 
pieces  were  composed  much  about  the  same 
time.  Dyce  thought  the  play  was  first  pro- 
duced in  1616. 

But,  after  all,  the  question  of  dates  is  not 
of  primary  importance,  and  I  should  not 
allude  to  it  if  it  were  not  for  the  circumstance 
that  it  seems  to  me  to  be  involved  in  the 
evidence  which  I  have  before  me.  'The 
Devil's  Law-Case'  copies  the  'Arcadia,'  and 
quite  as  openly  as  '  The  Duchess  of  Malfi ' 
and  '  A  Monumental  Column '  do,  but  the 
repetitions  of  Sidney  in  that  play  are  dis- 
tinctly of  another  order ;  for,  whereas  the 
tragedy  and  the  poem  prove  that  Webster 
must  have  written  them  whilst  his  mind  was 
full  of  the  'Arcadia,'  the  coincidences  with 
the  latter  in  '  The  Devil's  Law-Case '  have  all 
the  appearance  of  being  notes  used  after  a 
lapse  of  time,  and  when  Webster's  mind  was 
not  so  familiar  with  the  contexts  in  Sidney's 
work.  In  'The  Devil's  La w- Case '  Webster 
does  not  imitate  Sir  Philip  Sidney's  style,  he 
merely  borrows  from  him  ;  in  the  other  two 
pieces  the  influence  of  the  *  Arcadia '  is  felt 
in  almost  every  scene  and  page.  My  object, 
then,  is  to  show  that  Webster  was  very  much 
indebted  to  Sir  Philip  Sidney,  and  this  fact, 
if  it  does  not  add  to  our  knowledge  of  the 
dramatist's  life,  must  of  necessity  give  us 
more  than  a  passing  glimpse  of  the  man  and 
his  methods  of  writing. 


222 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      DO-  s.  n.  SEPT.  17,  iw. 


In  9th  S.  x.  301  I  showed  how  Ben  Jonson 
composed  his  verse.  As  he  told  Drummond 
of  Hawthornden,  "he  wrott  all  his  first  in 
prose,  for  so  his  Master  Cambden  had  learned 
him."  I  was  able  to  corroborate  Drummond 
by  showing  that  the  prose  of  the  'Dis- 
coveries '  had  been  turned  into  verse  for  use 
in  '  The  Staple  of  News.'  It  will  be  noticed 
when  I  compare  Webster  with  Sidney  that 
the  dramatist  treats  the  '  Arcadia '  prose  in 
the  same  way,  and  often.  Strange  to  say, 
Webster  very  rarely  borrows  from  the  poetry 
of  the  *  Arcadia/ 

In  'The  Duchess  of  Malfi'  the  duchess 
tells  Antonio  that  he  has  cause  to  love  her : 

1  enter'd  you  into  my  heart 
Before  you  would  vouchsafe  to  call  for  the  keys. 
III.  ii.  70-1  (Dyce). 

Sidney  makes  Queen  Helen  use  the  same 
language  when  she  describes  to  Palladius  the 
manner  in  which  Amphialus  won  her  love  : — 

"His  fame  had  so  framed  the  way  to  my  mind 
that  his  presence,  so  full  of  beauty,  sweetness,  and 
noble  conversation,  had  entered  there  before  he 
vouchsafed  to  call  for  the  keys." — '  Arcadia,'  book  i. 

Whilst  the  duchess  and  Antonio  are  talking 
love  Ferdinand  enters  unperceived  by  them, 
and   his   resentment  and   determination    to 
punish  his  sister  are  so  strong  that  he  offers 
her  a  dagger,  commanding  her  to  stab  herself 
with  it.   He  was  shocked  to  find  how  familiar 
she  had  become  with  Antonio,  who  was  so 
much  beneath  her  in  birth.   She  is,  he  thinks, 
a  strumpet,  and  asks : — 
Virtue,  where  art  thou  hid  ?  what  hideous  thing 
Is  it  that  doth  eclipse  thee  ?    .    .    .    . 
Or  is  it  true  thou  art  but  a  bare  name, 
And  no  essential  thing  ?    .    .    .    . 
O  most  imperfect  light  of  human  reason, 
That  mak'st  us  so  unhappy  to  foresee 
What  we  can  least  prevent ! 
.    .    .    .    there 's  in  shame  no  comfort 
But  to  be  past  all  bounds  and  sense  of  shame. 

LI.  82-95. 

Ferdinand's  speech  is  the  speech  of  Gynecia 
at  the  beginning  of  the  'Arcadia,'  book  ii., 
and  it  will  be  seen  that  Webster  has  merely 
turned  Sidney's  prose  into  verse  :— 

"  O  virtue,  where  dost  thou  hide  thyself  ?  What 
hideous  thing  is  this  which  doth  eclipse  thee  ?  Or 
is  it  true  that  thou  wert  never  but  a  vain  name, 

and  no  essential  thing? 0  imperfect  proportion 

of  reason,  which  can  too  much  foresee,  and  too 

little  prevent ! In  shame  there  is  no  comfort  but 

to  be  beyond  all  bounds  of  shame." 

The  duchess  replies  to  Ferdinand's  speech 
by  telling  him  that  she  is  married,  though  per- 
haps not  to  his  liking,  and  that  his  design 
concerning  her  future  has  been  frustrated  :  — 
Alas,  your  shears  do  come  untimely  now 
To  clip  the  bird's  wings  that's  already  flown  ! 

LI.  99-100. 


The  taunt  is  taken  almost  word  for  word 
from  the  'Arcadia,'  book  ii.,  being  Philoclea's- 
silent  comment  on  the  warning  of  Pamela 
to  be  advised  by  her  example  :— 

"  '  Alas,'  thought  Philoclea  to  herself,  «  your 
shears  come  too  late  to  clip  the  bird's  wings  that 
already  is  flown  away.'" 

Antonio  is  a  noble  character,  a  man  every 
way  worthy  of  the  love  of  the  duchess  ;  and 
Webster,  when  describing  him,  employs  lan- 
guage the  beauty  of  which  it  is  impossible  to 
overpraise  :  — 

He  was  an  excellent 

Courtier  and  most  faithful  ;  a  soldier  that  thought  it 
As  beastly  to  know  his  own  value  too  little 
As  devihsh  to  acknowledge  it  too  much. 
-Both  his  virtue  and  form   deserv'd  a  far  better 
lortune  : 

itself  thatt 


His  breast  was  fill'd  with  all  perfection 
And  yet  it  seem'd  a  private  whispering-room, 
It  made  so  little  noise  of  't.  HI.  ii.  295-303. 

To  this  speech  in  favour  of  Antonio  the- 
duchess  replies  :  — 

But  he  was  basely  descended. 
Bosola  asks  :  — 

Will  you  make  yourself  a  mercenary  herald 
Rather  to  examine  men's  pedigrees  than  virtues  ? 

LI.  305-6. 

The  last  two  lines  are  founded  upon  the  reply 
of  Kalander  to  Strephon,  who  is  alluding  to 
Musidorus  :  — 

"  'No,'  said  Kalander,  speaking  aloud,  *  I  am  no 
herald  to  inquire  of  men's  pedigrees;  it  sufficethme 
if  I  know  their  virtues,'"  &c.—  Book  i. 

The  description  of  Antonio  is  an  imitation 
but  a  noble  imitation,  of  Sidney's  description 
of    Musidorus;    and    with    it    Webster    has- 
blended  words  that  appear  in  the  description 
of  Parthenia  :— 

'/and    that  which   made    her    fairness    much  the 

lairer  was  that  it  was  but  a  fair  embassador  of  a 

most  fair  mind,  full  of  wit,  and  a  wit  which  de- 

lighted more  to  judge  itself  than  show  itself,  her 

speech  being  as  rare  as  precious,"  &c.—  Book  i. 

Sidney  describes  Musidorus  thus  :  — 

''For,  having  found  in  him  (besides  his  bodily. 

lifts,  beyond  the  degree  of  admiration)  by  daily 

iscourses,  which  he  delighted  himself  to  have  with, 

him,    a    mind    of  most  excellent   composition     a 

piercing  wit,  quite  void  of  ostentation,  high-erected 

thoughts  seated  in  a  heart  of  courtesy,  an  eloquence 

as  sweet  in  the  uttering  as  slow  to  come  to  the-- 

uttering,  a  behaviour  so  noble  as  gave  a  maiestv  to 

adversity,"  &c.—  Book  i. 

Compare  the  last  lines  of  the  latter  quotation, 
with  the  following  :  — 

Bosola.  —  she  seems 

Rather  to  welcome  the  end  of  misery 
Than  shun  it  ;  a  behaviour  so  noble 
As  gives  a  majesty  to  adversity. 

'D.  of  Malfi/  IV.  i.  4-7. 


io"  s.  ii.  SEPT.  17.I9W.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


223 


But  we  are  nob  done  yet  with  the  descrip- 
tion of  Musidorus,  for  Webster  has  again 
used  it  as  material  for  the  description  of 
Prince  Henry.  It  will  be  seen  that  the 
imitation  is  closer  in  the  poem  than  in  the 
play,  and  that  *  The  Duchess  of  Malfi '  and 
*  A  Monumental  Column '  have  a  line  almost 
identically  the  same  as  each  other,  which  is 
not  in  Sidney,  although  in  his  style.  The 
line  in  question  is  the  first  in  the  following 
quotation  : — 

His  form  and  virtue  both  deserv'd  his  fortune  ; 

His  mind  quite  void  of  ostentation, 

His  high-erected  thoughts  look'd  down  upon 

The  smiling  valley  of  his  fruitful  heart,  &c. 

CHARLES  CRAWFORD. 
(To  be  continued.) 


BURTON'S  *  ANATOMY  OF  MELANCHOLY.' 

(See  9th  S.  xi.  181,  222,  263,  322,  441 ;  xii.  2,  62,  162, 

301,  362,  442 ;  10th  S.  i.  42,  163,  '203,  282 ;  ii.  124.) 

Vol.  I.  (Shilleto),  p.  13,  1.  6;  p.  2,  1.  31, 
ed.  6,  "he  travelled  to  Egypt."  See  Diog. 
Laert.,  ix.  vii.  3,  35. 

P.  19,  28,  and  n.  14 ;  6,  25,  and  n.  o. 
A.  II.  S.  gives  the  Ep.  of  Synesius  as  142.  It 
is  143  (Hercher,  *  Epistologr.  Grseci  '). 

P.  35, 19  ;  15,  38,  "Ne  sutor  ultra  crepidam." 
A.  R.  S.,  while  referring  to  Plin.,  35,  10,  36, 
§  85,  might  have  pointed  out  that  Burton 
uses  the  perverted  form  of  the  saying  with 
ultra  instead  of  supra.  See  Biichmann's 
'Gefliigelte  Worte'  and  Otto's  *  Sprichworter 
der  Homer.' 

P.  38,  4;  17,  16,  "as  that  great  captain 
Zisca  would  have  a  drum  made  of  his  skin 
when  he  was  dead,  because  he  thought  the 
very  noise  of  it  would  put  his  enemies  to 
flight."  See  yEneas  Sylvius,  *  Hist.  Bohemica,' 
cap.  46,  p.  114  e.  f.  ('Op./  Bas.,  1571), 
"  F erunt  ilium  cum  segrotaret  interrogatum, 
quonam  loco  mortuus  sepeliri  vellet,  iussisse 
cadaveri  suo  pellem  adimi,  carnes  volucribus 
ac  feris  obiectari,  ex  pelle  tympanum  fieri, 
eoque  duce  bella  geri,  arrepturos  fugam 
hostes,  quum  primum  eius  tympani  sonitum 
audierint." 

P.  42,  1 ;  19,  41,  "  accommodare  se  ad  eum 

locum  ubi  nati  sunt patronis  inservire," 

&c.  J.  V.  Andrea,  'Vitse  Humanw  Querela 
XL,'  p.  228  of  1617  ed.  of  his  'Menippus.' 

P.  42,  n.  3 ;  19,  n.  1  (to  "hand  and  take  bribes, 
&c."),  '*  Quis  nisi  mentis  inops,"  &c.  A.  R.  S. 
refers  to  Ovid,  'A.  A.,'  i.  465  ("Quis,  nisi 
mentis  inops,  tenerte  declamat  amicse?"),  but 
the  reference  is  obviously  to  the  proverbial 
"  Quis  nisi  mentis  inops  oblatum  respuat 
aurum  ] "  Cf.  10th  S.  i.  188,  where  it  is  men- 


tioned that  the  line  is  to  be  found  in  Lily's 
Grammar. 

P.  43,  n.  4  ;  20,  n.  q,  "  sol  scientiarum." 
Cf.  "  unum  te  sseculo  nostro  adfulsisse  litera- 
rum  solem,"  quoted  (from  "Suspect. lect.  lib.  i. 
epist.  i.")  among  the  "ludicia  de  losepho 
Scaligero  Gasperis  Scioppii  nondum  parasiti," 
at  the  beginning  of  D.  Heinsius's  'Hercules 
Tuam  Fidem  sive  Munsterus  Hypobolimseus  ' 
(ed.  1617). 

P.  47,  n.  5;  22,  n.  o,  "nemo invidise." 

From  Erasmus,  *  Adagia,'  "  Insania  non 
omnibus  eadem,"  p.  310,  col.  2, 1.  27,  ed.  1629. 

P.  55,  1 ;  27,  38, 

ubique  invenies 
Stultos  avaros,  sycophantas  prodigos. 

See  Heinsius,  'Cras  Credo,  Hodie  Nihil* 
(p.  300  in  1629  ed.  of  his  'Laus  Asini'), 
"neque  quicquam  interesse,  quin  ubique 
invenias, 

Stultos,  auaros,  sycophantas,  prodigos." 
The  punctuation  given  by  Burton  (ed.  4  and 
ed.  6)  and  the  meaning  assigned  to  the  words 
by  A.  R.  S.  are  not  the  meaning  and  punctua- 
tion of  Heinsius. 

P.  56,  n.  5  ;  28,  n.  g,  "  Father  Angelo,  the 
Duke  of  Joyeux  going  bare-foot  over  the< 
Alps  to  Rome."  Henri,  Comte  du  Bouchage,. 
afterwards  Due  de  Joyeuse  (1567-1608),  en- 
tered the  Order  of  the  Capuchins  in  1582 
("Henricus  Jousa  qui  postquam  in  Capu- 
cinorum  ccenobium  transierat  Frater  Angelus 
vocabatur."— De  Thou,  'Hist.,'  lib.  xc.  cap. 
xviii.),  became  a  soldier  again  after  his 
brother's  death,  and  re-entered  the  Capuchin 
Order  in  1600.  According  to  the  *  Nouvelle 
Biographic  Generale,'  he  caught  the  fever  of 
which  he  died  by  trying  to  make  the  journey 
to  Rome  barefoot. 

P.  58,  n.  4  ;  29,  n.  *  (2(1),  "  Ob  inanes  ditio- 

num  titulos mulierculam."    See  Erasmus, 

'Adagia,'  "Dulce  bellum  inexpertis,"  p.  296,. 

col.  2,  1.  55  (1629).— "Vel  quod malitia." 

Ib.  p.  301,  col.  2, 1.  54.—"  Quod  cupido  domin- 
andi,  libido  nocendi,"  &c.  See  Aug.  '  Contra 
Faustum  Manichseum,'  lib.  xxii.  cap.  74, 

"quid  enim  culpatur  in  bello? Nocendi 

cupiditas,     ulciscendi     crudelitas, feritas 

rebellandi,  libido  dominandi." 

P.  58,  19;  29,  43,  "goodly  causes  all,  ob- 
quas  universus  orbis  bellis  &  ccedibus  mis- 
ceatur"  See  Erasmus,  'Adagia,'  p.  300, 
col.  2, 1.  45. 

P.  59,  14  ;  30,  18,  "  Sicinius  Dentatus,"  &c. 
See  Val.  Max.,  iii.  2,  24 ;  Plin.,  vii.  101  : 
Gell.,  II.  xi. 

P.  59,  17  ;  30,  21,  "  M.  Sergius."  See  Pliny^ 
vii.  104  (where  the  number  of  wounds  is 
given  as  23;. 

P.  59,  18 ;  30,  21,  "  Scceva."     See  Ctesar,. 


224 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  SEPT.  17, UXHL 


'  B.  C.,'  iii.  53 ;  Val.  Max.,  iii.  2,  23 ;  Florus 
,11.  13  (iv.  2),  40  ;  Appian,  '  B.  C.,'  ii.  60. 

P.  59,  25;   30,   27,    "as   Constantine  anc 

Licinius."    At  the  battle  of  Cibalis,  A.D.  314. 

•  See  Zosimus,  ii.  18,  4,  and  cf.  Gibbon,  ch.  xiv 

P.  59,  n.  6;  30,   n.  *  (2d),   "Erasmus  de 

bello."    See  'Adagia,'  "Dulce  bellum  inex- 

pertis,"  p.  296,  col.  1,  1.  2  (1629).     To  this 

belongs  "  How  many  nature  expostulate  with 

.mankind,  Ego  te  divinum  animal  Jinxi." 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 

The  University,  Adelaide,  South  Australia. 
(To  be  continued.) 


"SAUNTER."— In  a  reply  (ante,  p.  192)  the 
•word  saunter  was  adduced  as  being  one  of  the 
words  which  contain  a  reference  to  the  word 
saint,  with  which  it  has  no  connexion  what- 
ever. (And,  by  the  way,  samphire  was  not 
.mentioned  at  all.)  I  also  read,  at  the  same 
reference,  that  in  my  'Concise  Dictionary 
we  are  told  that  the  origin  of  saunter  is 
^unknown.  But  that  must  refer  to  one  of 
the  old  editions;  the  work  was  completely 
rewritten  in  1901 ;  and  I  beg  leave  to  refer 
Dreaders  to  the  rewritten  work  rather  than  to 
the  former  editions.  This  is  an  age  in  which 
we  learn  and  go  forward. 

Bailey's  derivation  of  saunter  from  sancte 
terre,  an  error  for  F.  sainte  terre,  was  a  very 
fair  one  for  his  day.  He  forgot  to  tell  us  why 
the  French  form  is  a  substantive  without  any 
derived  verb,  whilst  the  English  one  is  a  verb 
without  any  corresponding  English  substan- 
tive. And  of  course  he  gave  no  reference 
for  the  use  of  an  E.  saunter  in  the  sense  of 
"holy  land,"  or  for  any  old  French  verb 
saunterrer  in  the  sense  of  "  to  go  a  pilgrimage." 
However,  the  thing  is  impossible,  owing  to 
a  fatal  flaw  in  the  history  of  the  phonetic 
development.  The  E.  -aun-  can  only  come 
from  a  Norman  -an-,  and  the  Norman  for 
"  saint"  was  not  sant,  but  seint.  Conversely, 
the  Norman  -ein-  may  become  -an-,  as  in 
sanfoin  (also  sainfoin),  sangreal,  and  samphire 
(for  *san-pire),  but  it  cannot  become  -aun-. 
And  there  is  an  end  of  that  guess  at  once. 

I  have  not  found  saunter  in  very  early  use, 
but  it  occurs  in  the  *  York  Plays.'  The  material 
fact  is  that  it  answers  letter  for  letter  to  the 
Anglo-French  sauntrer,  to  adventure  put, 
-answering  to  a  Latin  type  exadventurare,  just 
as  the  Middle  English  auntren,  to  adventure, 
answers  to  a  Latin  type  adventurdre.  I  have 
already  given  the  reference  for  this  A.-F. 
word  twice,  viz.,  once  in  my  'Concise  Dic- 
tionary' (1901),  and  once  in  my  'Notes  on 
English  Etymology,'  p.  256.  And  the  refer- 
ences to  the  'York  Plays'  for  the  forms 
sauntering  and  saunteryng,  with  the  sense  of 


"  venturesomeness,"  are  given  in  the  supple- 
ment to  my  larger  dictionary,  p.  826. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

"AGIME  ZIPHRES."— In  recently  looking 
over  the  Early  English  Text  Society  edition 
of  *  Select  Works  of  Robert  Crowley,'  by  Mr. 
J.  M.  Cowper,  I  noticed  "Agime  Ziphres" 
was  given  in  the  glossary  without  explana- 
tion, but  with  a  1T'  appended.  The  passage 
where  the  words  occur  reads  as  follows  : — 

To  shote,  to  bowle,  or  cast  the  barre, 
To  play  tenise,  or  tosse  the  ball, 

Or  to  rene  base,  like  men  of  war, 
Shal  hurt  thy  study  naught  at  al. 
For  all  these  things  do  recreate 
The  minds,  if  thou  canst  holde  the  mean  ; 

But  if  thou  be  affectionate, 
Then  dost  thou  lose  thy  studye  cleane. 

And  at  the  last  thou  shalt  be  founde 
To  occupy  a  place  only 

As  do  in  Agime  ziphres  rounde, 
And  to  hinder  learnyng  greatlye. 

The  explanation  seems  so  simple,  and  so 
readily  suggests  itself,  that  I  have  wondered 
why  the  entry  and  query  were  made.  Dr. 
Murray,  in  the  '  Oxford  Eng.  Diet.' (published 
afterwards),  notes  Agrime  as  a  variant  of 
'  Algorism,'  and  under  '  Cipher  '  notes  ziphre 
as  a  variant  of  that  word.  Although  this 
citation  does  not  occur  among  those  given 
by  him,  there  are  many  that  show  the  poor 
estimation  in  which  the  cipher  was  held, 
which  idea  fits  exactly  with  the  sense  required 
here.  A  few  of  these  citations  are : — 

1593,  Peele,  'Edw.  I.'  "Neither  one,  two, 
nor  three,  but  a  poor  cypher  in  agrum." 

1399,  Langl., '  Rich.  Redeles,'  iv.  53.  "  Than 
satte  summe,  as  siphre  doth  in  awgrym,  That 
noteth  a  place,  and  no  thing  availith." 

1547,   J.   Harrison,   'Exhort.  Scottes,'  229. 

'  Our  presidentes doo  serue  but  as  cyphers 

in  algorisme,  to  fill  the  place." 

F.  STURGES  ALLEN. 

New  York. 

DR.  EDMOND  HALLEY.  (See  9th  S.  x.  361 ; 
xi.  85,  205,  366.  463,  496  ;  xii.  125,  185,  266, 
464.)— 

I.  LIFE  AND  WORK. 

'  Alumni  Oxonienses,'  arranged  by  Joseph 
Foster,  vol.  ii.  Early  Series,  p.  635  (Oxford, 
1891). 

'  A  Catalogue  of  the  Portsmouth  Collection 
)f  Books  and  Papers  written  by  or  belonging 
;o  Sir  Isaac  Newton,  the  Scientific  Portion 
of  which  has  been  presented  by  the  Earl  of 
^ortsmouth  to  the  University  of  Cambridge ' 
Cambridge,  1888). 

'Familiar  Science  Studies,'  article  'Our 
Astronomers  Royal'  (Richard  A.  Proctor), 
386-8  (New  York,  1882), 


io«  s.  ii.  SEPT.  IT,  ISM.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


225. 


WhewelTa  '  History  of  the  Inductive 
Sciences.' 

Humboldt's  '  Cosmos,'  Sabine's  translation  ; 
also  translation  by  E.  C.  Otte,  B.  H.  Paul, 
and  W.  S.  Dallas  (London,  Bell  *fc  Sons,  1899- 
1901). 

*  An  Essay  on' Newton's  Principia,'  by  W.  W. 
Rouse  Ball  (London,  1893). 

*  Nouvelle  Biographie  Gene'rale,'  tome  xxiii. 
cols.  188-95  (Paris,  1877). 

'Biographie  Universelle,'  tome  xviii.  pp. 
376-81  (Paris,  1857). 

*  Catalogue  of    the  Printed   Maps,  Plans, 
and  Charts  in  the  British  Museum '  (A-K), 
cols.  1733-4  (London,  1885). 

Original  Letters  from  Dr.  E.  Halley,  in  the 
Sloane  MSS.  in  the  British  Museum. 
II.  PORTRAITS. 

'Catalogue    of    a    Choice    Collection    of 
Engravings,'  p.  15,  item  263  (Maggs  Bros., 
109,  Strand,  W.C.,  December,  1903). 
III.  GENEALOGY. 

The  letter  from  Dr.  E.  Halley  to  John 
Anstis,  Esq.,  Garter  King-at-Arms  (cited  9th 
S.  xii.  266),  has  no  bearing  whatever  upon 
the  history  of  the  Halley  family.  The 
original,  dated  at  Greenwich  16  May,  1721,  is 

S-eserved  amon^  the  Stowe  MSS.,  British 
useum,  749,  folio  158.  Mr.  Ralph  J.  Beevor, 
M.A.,  has  obliged  me  with  a  copy  thereof. 

I  should  have  stated  at  9th  S.  xi.  366  that 
Dr.  Halley's  surname  takes  the  three  forms 
Hally  (not  Haly),  Haley,  and  Halley  in 
Aubrey's '  Brief  Lives,'  Clark,  i.  282-3  (Oxford, 
1898). 

A  record  agent  in  London  from  whom  I 
have  not  previously  received  information 
sends  this  item  :— 

"  In  a  dusty,  ancient '  Muster- Roll '  of  H.M.  ships, 
eighteenth  century,  titled  as  follows:  'Records  of 
Admiralty :  — Muster-Book,  v.  No.  340,  Removed 
from  the  Pavilion  at  Deptlord  in  1846,  d.  d.  to  the 
London  Record  Office,'  in  manuscript,  on  the  second 
page  of  the  book  (not  numbered  in  paging),  under 
the  ship's  name  Bristol,  occurs :  '  O.F.  466,  Edmd 


Halley,  Surgeon,  7th  Feb.,  1740,  Portsmouth','  with 
i  D.D.  marked  through.    I  am  unable  to 
ide 


the  letters  D.D.  marked  through, 
reconcile  this  entry  with  the  idea  that  he  lived  till 
8  Aug.,  1740  [see  ante^.  881.  But  of  course  it  is 
my  duty  simply  to  copy  the  entry  as  it  stands 
plainly  in  the  Roll-call  report,  which  being  inter- 
preted from  the  nautical  phrase  signifies  distinctly 
he  was  Discharged  &  (?)  Dead,  on  7  Feb.,  1740,  at 
Portsmouth,  where  the  vessel  was  lying  at  that 
time  for  several  months.  Now  it  is  certain  that 
from  1  Jan.  to  28  February  the  Bristol  was  in  1741 
at  Kingston,  Jamaica !  So  it  must  mean  1740  (O.S.)." 
IV.  MISCELLANEOUS. 

'N.  &  Q.,'  9th  S.  xii.  127  ;  10th  S.  i.  86,  152, 
289;  ii.  88,  177. 

Intermedia  ire,  xlviii.  557 ;  xlix.  26. 

EUGENE  FAIRFIELD  MAC  PIKE. 

Chicago,  U.S. 


"  ELECTRON." — A  recent  application  of  the 
word  "electron"  to  a  new  sense,  not  yet 
recorded  in  the  *  Oxford  Historical  English 
Dictionary,'  may  perhaps  deserve  to  be 
enshrined  in  *  N.  &  Q.' : — 

"  J.  J.  Thomson  has  demonstrated  the  existence 
of  particles  more  minute  than  anything  previously 
known  to  science.  The  mass  of  each  is  about  a 
1000th  part  of  that  of  a  hydrogen  atom.  These 
particles,  which  were  termed  by  their  discoverer 
Corpuscles,'  are  more  commonly  spoken  of  as 
Electrons,  the  particle  thus  being  identified  with 
the  charge  which  it  carries."  —  '  Encyclopaedia 
Britannica,'  vol.  xxx.  p.  452  (the  sixth  supplementary 
volume  of  1902). 

Cf.  also  Sir  Oliver  Lodge's  Romanes  Lecture, 
'  Modern  Views  on  Matter,'  Oxford,  1903. 

H.  KREBS. 

ROGER  MORTIMER'S  ESCAPE.  —  According 
to  the  *  D.N.B.,'  which  corrects  a  statement 
of  Murimuth  that  this  event  occurred  in 
1323,  "the  night  chosen  was  the  Feast  of: 
St.  Peter  ad  Vincula,  1324."  But  in  a  commis- 
sion sent  into  Wales,  and  dated  6  August,. 
17  Edward  II.,  which  surely  must  have  been 
1323,  Roger  Mortimer  is  said  to  have 
"escaped  from  the  Tower  lately  by  night" 
('  Calendar  of  Patent  Rolls,  17  Edward  II.,' 
mem.  17,  quoted  on  p.  335  in  the  volume 
recently  issued  by  the  Record  Commissioners). 
CHARLES  SWYNNERTON. 

"MOCASSIN":  ITS  PRONUNCIATION.— In  my 
schooldays  we  called  this  mocdssin,  a  pro- 
nunciation which,  I  am  told,  youthful 
devotees  of  Fenimore  Cooper  still  prefer. 
Our  dictionaries  only  admit  the  pronuncia- 
tion mdcassin,  yet  I  should  not  dismiss  the 
other  as  a  mere  blunder.  Rather  am  I  led  to- 
the  conclusion  that  both  pronunciations  are 
old,  from  the  fact  that  in  various  North 
American  Indian  dialects,  in  which  the  term 
occurs,  there  is  the  same  double  stress  as  in 
English.  Speaking  generally,  I  find  the 
Eastern  Algonquins  accent  the  penultimate, 
the  Northern  Algonquins  the  antepenulti- 
mate. To  the  Easterns  belonged  those  New 
England  tribes  with  whom  our  ancestors 
first  came  into  contact,  and  the  form  they 
used  was  mokussin.  The  Abenakis,  who  said 
rnktzen,  and  the  Micmacs,  who  said  nikusun, 
also  belonged  to  this  Eastern  stock.  On  the- 
other  hand,  the  Odjibwas,  in  Canada,  of  the 
Northern  branch,  say  mdkisin.  I  do  not  know 
how  the  Southern  Algonquins,  or  Virginians,, 
pronounced  their  mockasin.  It  would  throw- 
fight  on  this  subject  if  any  reader  can 
refer  to  passages  in  the  obscure  American 
poets  of  the  seventeenth  and  eighteenth 
centuries  containing  this  word.  I  Know  of 
none,  having  hitherto  failed  to  trace  it  back 


226 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  SEPT.  17,  MM. 


{in  verse)  beyond  1809,  when  Campbell  wrote, 
in  *  Gertrude  of  Wyoming'  (p.  21)  :— 
And  ere  the  wolfskin  on  his  back  he  flung, 
Or  laced  his  mocasins,  in  act  to  go. 

JAS.  PLATT,  ,Tun. 

NAPOLEON  ON  ENGLAND'S  PRECEDENCE.— In 
•reviewing  *  Napoleon's  British  Visitors  and 
Captives,  1801-15,'  by  John  Gold  worth  Alger, 
the  Standard  (26  August)  quotes  : — 

"  Before  entering  into  details  respecting  the 
captives,  I  should  speak  of  the  unusual  bitterness 
given  to  the  war  by  Napoleon.  Anglophobia,  indeed, 
had  been  displayed  by  him  even  during  the  peace. 
The  publishers  of  the  '  Almanach  National '  were 
eharply  rebuked  for  proposing  to  insert  'Angle- 
terre '  with  its  Royal  Family  at  the  head  of  the 
alphabetical  list  of  foreign  Powers.  They  had  to 
relegate  it  lower  down  as  '  Grande  Bretagne,'  and 
•curiously  enough  British  representatives  at  Inter- 
national Congresses  are  to  the  present  day  seated 
according  to  this  nomenclature." 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

ENGLISH  EXTRAORDINARY.  —  The  Italian 
Lakes  and  Swiss  Gazette,  which  now  boasts 
of  its  eleventh  "cyar"  of  circulation,  in  its 
issue  of  6  August  contains  the  following 
specimens  of  foreign  English  :— 

"  Pay  a  visit  to  '  Gola  del  Pescatore,'  very  sin- 
gular precipice  full  of  horrid  majesty." 

"  In  this  region  there  are  five  small  lakes That 

of  Annone  is  at  226  m.  above  sea-level  and  is  the 
largest  of  all ;  a  long  and  skittish  band  of  land 
divides  it  almost  into  two  portions,  of  which  the 
turning  to  south,  the  largest,  is  also  called  Lake  of 
Oggiono,  from  the  village  which  rises  on  the  opposite 
shore.  Near  the  lake  of  Pusiano  you  meet  a  little 
less  extended,  at  the  height  of  260  m.,  with  a  nice 
small  isle  in  its  middle,  said  Isola  dei  Cipressi." 

"Mount  Generoso.  The  surrounding  panorama 
which  is  to  be  admired  from  its  top,  is  more  than 
300  le-agues  in  diametre.  The  more  propitious  time 
to  enjoy  this  wiew  is  that  of  the  sunrise  and  the 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 


sunset/ 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interast 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  querie*, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
•direct. 

PEEL,  A  MARK.— Some  recent  American 
dictionaries  give  as  a  sense  of  peel  *'  a  mark 
resembling  a  skewer  with  a  large  ring  "  (or, 
according  to  their  figure,  a  circle  with  a 
straight  line  drawn  down  from  its  circum- 
ference, like  that  of  the  planet  Venus,  with- 
out the  cross-bar),  "  formerly  used  in  Eng- 
land as  a  mark  for  cattle,  a  signature-mark 
for  persons  unable  to  write,  or  the  like." 
ine  usual  signature-mark  for  the  illiterate 


was  a  cross,  and  I  have  never  heard  of  this 
alleged  mark,  or  its  name  peel.  Can  any  one 
throw  any  light  on  it  1  (Statements  as  to 
English  usage  in  American  books  are  always 
liable  to  error,  and  there  may  be  some  mistake 
here.)  J.  A.  H.  MURRAY. 

PEG  WOFFINGTON  PORTRAITS.  —  As  I  am 
preparing  a  list  of  the  portraits  of  Peg 
Woffington  for  publication,  I  should  take  it 
as  a  favour  to  be  informed  of  any  such  that 
may  be  in  private  collections,  whether  oil 
paintings,  sketches  in  pastel,  or  miniatures. 
Where  any  doubt  exists  as  to  the  authenticity 
of  the  portrait,  I  shall  be  glad  to  set  the 
matter  at  rest  on  being  supplied  with  a  good 
photograph  of  the  picture. 

W.  J.  LAWRENCE. 

54,  Shelbourne  Road,  Dublin. 

MARBLE  ARCH.— I  shall  feel  much  obliged 
bjT  your  informing  me  by  whom  and  when 
the  Marble  Arch  was  erected  in  front  of 
Buckingham  Palace,  and  when  it  was  removed 
to  its  present  site.  PALL  MALL. 

[A.  J.  C.  Hare,  '  Walks  in  London,'  ii.  84,  says 
that  the  Arch  was  erected  at  Buckingham  Palace 
by  Nash,  and  removed  to  Hyde  Park  when  the 
Palace  was  enlarged  in  1851.] 

LONGFELLOW.  —  I  should  be  glad  of  in- 
formation about  any  critical  essays  on  Long- 
fellow, especially  on  '  Hiawatha,'  that  have 
appeared,  either  in  magazines,  &c.,  or  in 
volumes  of  essays,  during  the  last  twenty 
years.  P.  T.  CRESWELL. 

Berkhamsted. 

[Fourteen  articles  on  '  Hiawatha '  are  mentioned 
in  Poole's  'Index  to  Periodical  Literature,'  1882. 
References  to  two  or  three  hundred  other  articles 
on  Longfellow  and  his  poetry  are  also  supplied.] 

MANOR  COURT  OF  EDWINSTOWE,  NOTTS.— 
Being  desirous  of  perusing  a  will  or  letters 
of  administration  of  one  Christopher  Cap- 
perne,  c.  1640,  which  I  believe  is  lodged  with 
the  above-mentioned  manor  court,  I  seek 
information  as  to  the  locality  of  this  manor 
and  to  whom  I  should  apply  for  permission 
to  search  the  records. 

I  should  be  glad  to  be  enlightened  on  the 
procedure  of  registration  of  wills,  &c.,  in  these 
manor  courts.  CHARLES  E.  HEWITT. 

[Edwinstowe  is  seven  miles  north-east  of  Mans- 
field.] 

'TOPOGRAPHIA  ANTIQUES  PCOM.E.'— A  book 
with  the  following  title,  "Topogra  |  phia 
Antiquse  |  Rqmae  |  Joanne  Bartholemseo  Mar- 
liano  |  Patritio  Mediolanensi  |  autore.  | 
Apvd  Seb.  Gryphivrn  |  Lvgdvni  |  1534,"  has 
lately  come  into  my  hands.  I  shall  jbe  very 
glad  to  have  any  information  with  regard  to 


ii.  SEPT.  17, 1901.)      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


227 


it.    Is  the  book  a  rare  one  or  of  any  special 
value?  JOHNSON  BAILY. 

[Marliani's  work,  of  which  this  is  the  second 
edition,  is  uncommon  and  curious.  The  first  edition 
was  issued  "Romae  per  Antonium  Bladum  de 
Asula,  in  tudibus  D.  Joan.  Bapt.  de  Maximis  anno 
domini  M.DXXXIIII.  ultimo  mensis  may"  (.si'c).  The 
Lyons  edition  of  Gryphius,  which  you  possess,  has  a 
Latin  preface,  "  Franciscus  Rabelrcus  Medicus.  D. 
Joann.  Bellaio  Parisiensi  episcopo."  In  this,  dated 
"  Lugduni  pridie  Cal.  Septembr.  1534,"  the  writer  ac- 
knowledges his  obligations  to  Jean  du  Bellay,  under 
whose  patronage  he  has  visited  Italy  and  seen  the 
marvels  of  Rome.  Further  information,  not  easily 
obtained,  may  perhaps  be  found  in  the  elaborate 
nineteenth-century  editions  of  Rabelais.  Marliani 
was  a  Milanese  antiquary  of  patrician  birth,  and  a 
fairly  voluminous  writer.  He  died  in  1560.] 

'THE  OXFORD  SAUSAGE.'— It  is  believed 
that  Thomas  Warton,  the  author  of  the 
*  History  of  English  Poetry,'  was  the  editor 
of  '  The  Oxford  Sausage  ;  or,  Select  Poetical 
Pieces  written  by  the  Most  Celebrated  Wits 
of  the  University  of  Oxford,'  Oxford,  1821  ; 
also,  that  many  of  the  poems  contained  in  it 
are  by  him.  Only  one  poem  is,  however, 
attributed  to  him,  viz.,  'A  Panegyric  on 
Oxford  Ale.'  'The  Progress  of  Discontent' 
is  also  by  him,  although  not  so  attributed.  I 
shall  be  glad  of  any  information  as  to  which 
of  the  various  other  poems  in  the  above 
•collection  are  by  him  or  by  his  brother  the 
Rev.  Joseph  Warton. 

A.  COLLINGWOOD  LEE. 
Waltham  Abbey,  Essex. 

I  imagine  that  there  must  be  copies  in 
existence  of  'The  Oxford  Sausage'  having 
the  authors'  names  appended  in  MS.  to  the 
anonymous  contributions,  some  of  which  are 
rather  free.  My  cooy,  pp.  224,  second  edition, 
contains  also  the  '  Oxford  Newsman's  Verses ' 
from  1752  to  1774,  and  though  there  is  no 
date  on  the  title-page,  yet  facing  it  is  a 
portrait  of  Mrs.  Dorothy  Spreadbury, 
Inventress  of  the  Oxford  Sausage.  The 
woodcuts  in  it  are  remarkably  coarse  and 
•common,  though  called  "  Cuts  Engraved  in  a 
New  Taste  and  designed  by  the  Best  Masters," 
and  the  price  is  given  as  "Two  Shillings 
sewed." 

All  the  pieces  are  not  by  Oxford  men,  as 
the  '  Ode  to  an  Eagle  confined  in  a  College 
Court'  is  certainly  by  Kit  Smart,  a  member 
of  Pembroke  College,  Cambridge.  It  seems 
to  indicate  Queen's  College,  Oxford. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

*GLEN  MOUBRAY.'  —  I  should  be  much 
obliged  if  any  reader  could  tell  me  who  was 
the  author  of  this  tale,  which  was  published 
in  three  volumes  in  1831.  It  was  printed  by 


Ballantyne  &  Co.,  Paul's  Work,  Canongate, 
Edinburgh,  for  Simpkin  &  Marshall,  London, 
and  Henry  Constable,  Edinburgh. 

E.  S.  H. 
Castle  Semple,  Renfrewshire. 

"  RAVISON"  :  "SCRIVELLOES."— In  the  Times 
of  21  July,  under  the  heading  '  Home 

Markets,' I  read,  "Rape  oil ravison  spot, 

and  August,  17s.  6d."  What  is  "ravison"? 
I  do  not  find  the  word  in  the  *  X.E.D.' 

Under  "  Ivory,"  in  the  Times,  I  find  men- 
tion more  than  once  of  "  scrivelloes  "—e.g.y 
"  scrivelloes,  40s.  to  60s.  higher."  What  are 
"scrivelloes"?  W.  F.  ROSE. 

[Annandale's  '  Imperial  Diet.'  defines  a  scrivello 
as  an  elephant's  tusk  under  201  b.  weight.] 

"CONSCIENCE  MONEY."— A  very  common- 
place quotation  of  1885  is  furnished  in 
'H.E.D.'  as  the  only  illustration  for  this 
phrase ;  but  as  long  before  as  1860  a  query 
had  appeared  in  *N.  &  Q.'  (2nd  S.  x.  511) 
giving  a  statement  of  1789,  and  asking  if 
that  was  the  first  record  of  the  payment 
of  "conscience  money."  As  the  only  reply 
(ib.,  xi.  60)  was  to  state  the  amount  of  such 
acknowledged  by  the  Exchequer  in  the 
financial  year  1859-60— thus  showing  official 
sanction  for  the  phrase — I  venture  to  repeat 
the  query.  POLITICIAN. 

GREENWICH  FAIR.— Wanted  a  reference  to 
the  ballad  in  which  the  following  lines  occur: 
'Twas  at  Greenwich  Fair,  I  shall  never  forget, 
When  my  messmates  and  I  were  all  merry, 
At  the  '  Ship '  pretty  Polly  of  Deptford  I  met, 
Whose  cheeks  were  as  red  as  a  cherry. 

AYEAHR. 

RECTORS  OF  BUCKLAND,  HERTS.— The  cele- 
brated Thomas  Becon  was  rector  here  in 
1560 ;  he  was  afterwards  appointed  to  Christ 
Church,  Newgate  Street,  and  in  1563  became 
rector  of  S.  Dionis  Backehurch.  Did  he  hold 
either  or  both  of  these  places  in  conjunction 
with  Buckland? 

In  1576,  nine  years  after  the  death  of  the 
above  Thomas  Becon,  another  Thomas  Bea- 
con or  Becon  held  the  living.  Any  informa- 
tion as  to  the  latter  will  be  of  value. 

Esdras  Bland  was  rector  of  Buckland  in 
1636  and  till  his  death  in  1667.  I  shall  be 
glad  to  learn  in  what  year  he  was  appointed. 

Was  Esdras  Bland,  vicar  of  Latton,  Essex, 
in  1586,  identical  with  Esdras  Bland,  rector 
of  Hunsdon,  Herts,  in  the  same  year,  and 
also  with  Esdras  Bland,  rector  of  Buckland  ? 
If  so,  he  would  be  of  the  extraordinary  age 
of  104  at  his  death,  assuming  him  to  have 
been  twenty-three  when  ordained. 

H.  P.  POLLARD. 

Bengeo,  Hertford. 


228 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  s«w.  17,  wo*. 


PEMBROKE  EARLDOM. — I  should  be  highly 
obliged  for  a  list  of  the  sons  of  Thomas,  eighth 
Earl  of  Pembroke,  and  for  particulars  as  to 
their  wives  and  children.  All  dates  of  births 
and  marriages  are  particularly  desired. 

D.  HERBERT,  Major. 

52,  Windsor  Road,  Ealing,  W. 

[Burke  gives  five  sons — Henry,  Robert  Sawyer, 
Thomas,  William,  and  Nicholas— with  their  mar- 
riages, but  does  not  mention  date  of  birth.  J 

EDWARD  COLSTON,  JUN.— He  was  a  Bristol 
merchant,  was  M.P.  for  Wells  1708-13,  and 
died  29  August,  1763  (Gent.  Mag.).  What 
•was  his  relationship  to  Edward  Colston,  sen., 
the  celebrated  philanthropist,  who  died  in 
1721,  aged  eighty-one?  I  am  inclined  to 
think  them  uncle  and  nephew. 

W.  D.  PINK. 

HERMIT'S  CRUCIFIX.  —  There  is  a  hermit's 
cave  in  the  rocks  of  Cratcliff  Tor,  in  Derby- 
shire. On  the  east  wall  is  carved  in  high 
relief  a  large  crucifix.  Can  the  date  of  this 
be  approximately  fixed  ?  The  crucifix  is 
curiously  ornamented  with  "  notches "  or 
conventionalized  leaves ;  the  head  inclines  to 
the  right.  Perhaps  some  reader  who  knows 
the  spot  can  say  whether  there  is  anything 
in  the  design  which  might  point  to  a  par- 
ticular century.  FRED.  G.  ACKERLEY. 

Care  of  British  Vice-Consul,  Libau,  Russia. 

TOM  MOODY. — Can  any  of  your  readers  tell 
me  where  to  find  a  song  on  the  death  of  the 
celebrated  Shropshire  huntsman  of  this 
name  ?  On  lately  visiting  Barrow  Church- 
yard, where  he  was  buried,  I  found  on  his 
gravestone  his  name  and  the  date  of  his 
burial  in  1797  only.  Tradition  says  that  he 
left  all  that  he  possessed  to  his  beloved  old 
master,  Squire  Forester.  W.  H.  J. 

MINERAL  WELLS,  STREATHAM.— I  shall  be 
glad  if  any  reader  can  tell  me  the  date  when 
the  existing  mineral  well  at  Streatham,  now 
in  possession  of  Messrs.  Curtis  Brothers, 
dairy  farmers,  and  situated  in  the  Valley 
Road,  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  eastward 
from  Streatham  High  Road,  was  opened  ; 
also  the  name  of  the  first  and  of  any  subse- 
quent proprietor.  The  present  proprietors 
are  unable  to  give  me  any  precise  information 
as  to  the  early  history  of  the  spring,  and  the 
well-known  authorities,  such  as  Lysons, 
Thorne,  Walford,  and  others,  make  nc 
mention  of  this  later  spring.  Arnold,  a  local 
author,  who  published  a  history  of  Streatham 
in  1886,  after  describing  the  older  springs, 
discovered  in  1660,  merely  states  that  on 
their  decline  in  public  favour  people  went  to 
*'  another  spring,  which  had  been  discovered 


before  the  death  of  the  eighteenth  century,, 
situated  at  the  bottom  of  Wells  Lane." 
occurs  to  me  that  persons  interested  in 
archaeological  lore  may  have  newspaper 
cuttings  or  advertisements  describing  this 
.nteresting  spring,  the  only  one  now  open  in, 
:he  neighbourhood  of  London. 

ALFRED  STANLEY  FOORD. 
101,  Castelnau,  Barnes,  S.W. 

BALES.— A  boy  of  this  name  played  for 
Westminster  against  Eton  in  the  three  cricket 
matches  between  these  schools  in  1799,  ISOOj 
and  1801.  I  should  be  glad  to  obtain  any 
information  concerning  him.  G.  F.  R.  B. 

THOMAS  BLACKLOCK. — I  have  a  copy  of  the 
1754  Edinburgh  edition  of  his  'Poems,'  which 

has  a   prefatory  letter    signed   G.  G n, 

Dumfries,  Dec.  15,  1753."  The  letter  is 
mentioned  by  Prof.  Spence,  of  Oxford,  in 
1754,  as  an  "Account"  of  Blacklock's  life 
"by  one  of  his  friends."  Will  any  one- 
kindly  tell  me  who  "G.  G n"  was? 

Meantime  my  conjecture  is  that  he  was- 
the  "Mr.  Gilbert  Gordon"  whose  name 
appears  among  the  subscribers  to  Spence's 

T7F.fi   ~f  .f\nr\f\n    Qrlif.irkn    f\f  f.VlA    *  TYlfima  ' 


1756  London  edition  of  the 


W.  S. 


'LYRICAL  BALLADS,'  1798.— The  late  ME. 
R.  H.  SHEPHERD,  in  his  'Bibliography  of 
Coleridge'  (8th  S.  vii.  362),  wrote  that  in  an 
experience  ranging  over  nearly  fifty  years 
he  had  seen  only  one  copy  of  '  Lyrical  Ballads  ' 
with  Cottle's  original  Bristol  title-page.  ^This 
copy  contained  manuscript  additions  to  *  The 
Ancient  Mariner '  in  the  autograph  of  S.  T. 
Coleridge,  and  I  should  be  greatly  obliged  if 
any  correspondent  of  *  N.  &  Q.'  could  indicate 
its  present  whereabouts.  I  am  also  desirous 
of  knowing  if  it  contains  Coleridge's  poem 
'Lewti,'  which  was  originally  printed  in  the 
volume,  or  the  substituted  leaf  containing 
'  The  Nightingale,  a  Conversational  Poem.' 
W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

NAVAL  ACTION  OF  1779.— Could  any  of 
your  readers  kindly  inform  me  where  to  find 
the  best  French  account  of  the  action  of 
6  October,  1779,  between  the  frigates  Quebec 
(Capt.  Farmer)  and  Surveillante  (Capt.  de 
Couedic)?  I  have  seen  a  French  account, 
but  cannot  remember  where. 

R.  K.  CRAWFORD. 

Stonewold,  Ballyshannon. 

MAZZARD  FAIR.  —  Amongst  the  fairs  i» 
Red  ruth,  Cornwall,  is  one  held  2  May,  and 
still  known  as  "April  Fair."  The  charter 
allows  fairs  on  21  April  and  on  the  feast  of 
St.  Mary  Magdalen.  Another  fair  is  held 
3  August,  and  is  known  as  "Mazzard  Fair. 


ii.  SEPT.  17, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


229 


The  alteration  of  the  calendar  in  each  case 
will  explain  the  alteration  of  date,  and  the 
intense  conservativeness  of  a  very  Radical 
constituency  explains  the  retention  of  the 
name  "  April  Fair."  Will  it  also  explain  the 
name  Mazzard  Fair1?  I  mean,  is  it  possible 
that  Mazzard  should  be  a  corruption  of 
Magdalen  ?  There  is  so  much  foolish  guess- 
ing at  the  meanings  of  place-names  and  local 
words  that  I  hesitate  the  hazard.  At  this 
fair  there  are  sold  mazzards,  or  black  cherries  ; 
but  they  are  not  at  their  best  then. 

.  YGREC. 


MUMMIES   FOR   COLOURS. 
(10th  S.  ii.  188.) 

THE  bituminous  pigment  called  mummy  is, 
or  ought  to  be,  neither  more  nor  less  than  so 
much  as  is  required  of  a  human  corpse  that 
has  been  embalmed  in  pitch  or  bitumen,  and 
its  bandages  of  linen,  ground  in  a  mill  such 
as  artists'  colourmen  employ,  and  treated 
with  fluid  oil  or  varnish  to  obtain  the  stiffness 
or  density  painters  require  when  they  put  it 
to  use.  A  charming  pigment  is  obtained  by 
this  means,  uniting  a  peculiar  greyness  (due 
to  the  corpse  and  its  bandages)  with  the  rich 
brown  of  the  pitch  or  bitumen,  in  a  manner 
which  it  is  very  hard  indeed  to  imitate.  It 
flows  from  the  brush  with  delightful  free- 
dom and  evenness:  being  a  comparatively 
rapid  dryer,  it  is  relatively  easy  to  place  one 
film  of  it  over  another,  and  thus  vary,  or 
increase,  the  richness  and  density  of  the 
material  ;  thin  films  spread  upon  a  white 
ground  are  extremely  lovely  and  enjoyable 
by  painters  who  understand  and  appreciate 
the  refinements  of  their  art.  At  one  time, 
in  this  country  and  in  France,  where  such 
matters  were  understood,  mummy  was  much 
used.  At  present,  except  by  artists  who  care 
not  for  the  permanence  of  their  pictures,  and 
are  reckless  of  the  interests  of  those  who  buy 
them,  it  is  very  seldom  employed.  As  with  all 
pigments  compounded  of  bitumen  or  any  of 
its  allies,  mummy  is  fallacious  in  the  worst 
degree  ;  even  when  "  locked  up  "  in  copal  its 
durability  is  among  the  shortest.  In  no  long 
time  it  becomes,  by  parting  with  its  volatile 
elements,  dry  and  rusty,  its  clearness  is  lost, 
and,  at  no  distant  date  after  being  used,  it 
shrivels  and  even  parts  from  the  ground  on 
which  it  was  spread. 

Mummy  was  a  great  favourite  with,  for 
examples,  Hilton  and  Wilkie.  To  it  was  due 
the  premature  ruin  of  the  fine  *  Sir  Calapine 
rescuing  Serena'  by  the  former,  in  which 


parts  of  the  work,  such  as  the  eye  of  the 
heroine,  actually  slid  down  over  her  cheek, 
and  the  picture  was  inverted  in  order  that 
the  eye  might  slide  back  again.  At  last 
this  capital  instance  had  to  be  withdrawn 
from  the  National  Gallery,  of  which  it  was 
originally  an  important  ornament.  Wilkie's 
*  The  Blind  Fiddler,'  to  cite  only  one  example 
of  his  making,  another  National  Gallery 
work,  suffered  hugely  in  the  extensive  crack- 
ing of  its  surface  ;  so  great  was  this  that  the 
background  showed  the  white  of  the  priming 
in  hundreds  of  lines,  which  more  than  once 
had  to  be  stopped  or  painted  over.  The 
Spanish  pictures  of  Wilkie  are  worse  off 
than  others. 

It  is  the  fallacious  nature  of  the  pigment, 
not  the  rarity  of  mummied  Egyptians  in 
their  cerements  suitable  for  grinding,  which 
has  led  to  the  supply  of  this  interesting 
material  being  deficient.  A  little  of  it  goes 
a  long  way,  and  though  it  is  more  than 
twenty  years  since,  at  a  well-known  colour- 
man's  in  Long  Acre,  I  saw  a  whole  corpse 
preparing  for  the  mill  and  collapsible  tubes, 
I  am  now  told  that  there  is  a  good  deal  of 
it  "  still  in  stock." 

Of  course  mummy  is  merely  a  refinement 
on  simple  bitumen,  which  is  only  more  falla- 
cious. There  is,  I  am  told,  a  sort  of  sham 
mummy  "made  in  Germany,"  and  a  coarse 
compound  of  common  bitumen  and  lime. 
This,  like  the  sham  indigo  which  is  likewise 
"  made  in  Germany,"  is  not  to  be  compared 
with  the  real  thing.  F.  G.  STEPHENS. 

Properly  speaking,  mummy  is  not  the  flesh 
of  the  deceased,  but  the  composition  with 
which  it  is  embalmed.  Mummies  being  scarce, 
the  solicitude  of  the  advertiser  in  the  Daily 
Mail  to  obtain  the  "  genuine  article "  is 
readily  accounted  for,  since  it  is  from  the 
genuine  mummy  only  that  the  bituminous 
substance  employed  by  painters,  which 
produces  a  rich  brown  tint,  is  said  to  bo 
obtained.  Fairholt  says  that  the  genuine 
mummy  consists  of  the  substance  found  in 
tombs  of  Egypt,  which  is  a  compound  of 
bitumen  and  organic  matter  both  animal  and 
vegetable.  Some  manufacturers  grind  the 
whole  of  this  substance  up  together,  by 
which  a  dirty-coloured  pigment  is  obtained. 
Others  carefully  select  only  the  bitumen  ;  it 
yields  a  very  useful  pigment,  but  differing 
in  little  or  no  respect  from  the  bitumen  now 
obtained  from  the  East,  except,  perhaps,  in 
the  accidental  mixture  of  myrrh  and  other 
gum  resins.  The  better  kinds  of  mummy 
form  useful  grey  tints  mixed  with  ultra- 
marine, and  madder  lake  and  ivory  black 
when  these  are  mixed  with  white.  See 


230 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  SEPT.  17, 


Fairholt's  *  Diet,  of  Terms  in  Art,'  s.v.  'Jew's 

Pitch.'  J.  HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

The  1888  edition  of  Nares's  'Glossary'  has  : 
"  Shakespeare  speaks  of  a  kind  of  magical  prepara- 
tion under  that  name.    'And  it  was  dy'd  in  mummy, 
which   the  skilful  Conserv'd  of  maidens'   hearts.' 
« Othello,'  III.  iv." 

H.  J.  B. 
[MK.  E.  H.  COLEMAN  also  thanked  for  reply.] 


BATHING-MACHINES  (10th  S.  ii.  67,  130).— 
The  only  interest  in  fixing  the  date  of  the 
first  introduction  of  bathing-machines  is 
to  show  when  sea-bathing  became  a  general 
practice.  Lecky,  in  his  '  History  of  England 
in  the  Eighteenth  Century,'  vol.  i.  p.  555, 
deals  with  this  subject.  He  states  that  "  the 
passion  for  inland  watering-places  was  at  its 
height"  at  the  beginning  of  the  century,  and 
then  he  goes  on  to  say  :— 

"  Sea-bathing  in  the  first  half  of  the  eighteenth 
century  is  very  rarely  noticed.  Chesterfield,  indeed, 
having  visited  Scarborough  in  1733,  observed  that 
it  was  there  commonly  practised  by  both  sexes,  but 
its  general  popularity  dates  only  from  the  appear- 
ance of  the  treatise  by  Dr.  Richard  Russell  'On 
Glandular  Consumption  and  the  Use  of  Sea  Water 
in  Diseases  of  the  Glands,'  which  was  published  in 
Latin  in  1750,  and  translated  in  1753.  The  new 
remedy  acquired  an  extraordinary  favour,  and  it 
produced  a  great,  permanent,  and  on  the  whole 
very  beneficial  change  in  the  national  tastes.  In 
a  few  years  obscure  fishing-villages  along  the  coast 
began  to  assume  the  dimensions  of  stately  watering- 
places,  and  before  the  century  had  closed,  Cowper 
described,  in  indignant  lines,  the  common  enthu- 
siasm with  which  all  ages  and  classes  rushed  for 
health  or  pleasure  to  the  sea." 

These  lines  are  in  vol.  viii.  p.  299  of 
Cowper's  'Works,'  and  are  quoted  from 
'  Retirement ' : — 

Your  prudent  grandmammas,  ye  modern  belles, 

Content  with  Bristol,  Bath,  and  Tonbridge  Wells, 

When  health  required  it,  would  consent  to  roam, 

Else  more  attach'd  to  pleasures  found  at  home  ; 

But  now  alike,  gay  widow,  virgin,  wife, 

Ingenious  to  diversify  dull  life, 

In  coaches,  chaises,  caravans,  and  hoys, 

Fly  to  the  coast  for  daily,  nightly  joys, 

And  all  impatient  of  dry  land,  agree 

WTith  one  consent  to  rush  into  the  sea. 


Inner  Temple. 


HARRY  B.  POLAND. 


GIPSIES  :  "  CHIGUNNJI  "  (10th  S.  ii.  105,  158). 
—MR.  W.  W.  STRICKLAND  complains  that 
"people  who  deal  in  historical  and  philo- 
sophical questions  have  a  perverse  way  of 
always  getting  hold  of  the  wrong  end  of  the 
stick."  It  seems  a  little  sad  to  think  that 
this  should  be  the  end  of  all  our  efforts  in 
the  direction  of  philosophy  or  history,  and 
as  we  advance  in  life  the  increasing  difficulty 
of  avoiding  the  wrong  end  of  the  stick  cer- 


tainly comes  home  to  us  with  greater  and 
greater  force.  We  may  consider  ourselves 
fortunate  if  we  are  occasionally  able  to  grasp 
that  elusive  baculus  by  the  middle.  Is  it 
quite  certain  that  MR.  STRICKLAND  himself 
has  got  much  further  1  The  theory  which  he 
advances  with  regard  to  the  Zigeuner  is  not 
new.  It  is,  at  any  rate,  more  than  two  hun- 
dred and  fifty  years  old,  and  has  had  several 
very  respectable  supporters,  as  the  following 
quotation  from  the  Journal  of  the  Gypsy-Lore 
Society,  iii.  177,  will  show  : — 

;'In  the  fifth  of  his  'Rhind  Lectures  on  Archaeo- 
logy,' delivered  at  Edinburgh  before  the  Society  of 
Antiquaries  of  Scotland  in  October  last  [1891],  "Dr. 
John  Beddoe,  the  eminent  anthropologist,  referred 
to  the  gypsy  element  in  European  ethnography.  He 
recognized  in  the  '  Sigynnje  '  of  Herodotus  the  first 

gypsies  mentioned  in  European  history,  and  en- 
orsed  the  belief  that  '  Sigynnse '  is  an  early  form 
of  'Zigeuner.'  Although  the  actual  etymology  of 
'Zigeuner,'  &c.,  has  been  fitly  described  by  Mr. 
Leland  as  a  '  philological  ignis  fatuue,'  it  is  im- 
portant to  find  Dr.  Beddoe  supporting  a  belief 
which,  as  M.  Bataillard  (himself  its  advocate) 
points  out,  was  held  as  early  as  1615  by  Fernandez 
de  Cordova,  and  which  has  much  to  say  for  itself. 
Dr.  Beddoe  also  emphasized  as  significant  the  fact 
that  the  country  occupied  by  the  Sigynnas,  whose 
territories  reached  from  the  Danube  '  almost  to  the 
Eneti  upon  the  Adriatic,'  is  still  a  country  famous 
for  the  density  of  its  gypsy  population.  On  the 
other  hand,  it  may  be  noticed  as  a  detail  that  the 
small  horses  of  the  Sigynnse— said  to  be  so  small 
that  they  were  '  not  able  to  carry  a  rider,'  and 
covered  with  shaggy  hair  '  five  fingers  in  length'— 
are  no  longer  identified  with  any  division  of  the 
gypsies,  if,  indeed,  the  breed  exists  anywhere  in  its 
purity." 

Not  many  things  relating  to  the  gypsies 
are  "as  plain  as  a  pikestaff,"  but  if  one  point 
is  clearer  than  another  it  is  that  the  language 
of  the  R6many  is  a  dialect  of  Prakrit,  and 
that  the  Slav  words  which  are  found  among 
the  gypsies  of  the  Balkans  are  merely  a  late 
accretion  to  their  vocabulary.  But  MR. 
STRICKLAND  probably  means  that  his  gypsies 
did  not  call  themselves  by  a  Slavonic  name, 
but  that  when  Herodotus  made  inquiries 
about  them,  he  was  informed  by  the 
surrounding  Slavs  that  the  tinkers  and 
horse-dealers  in  their  midst  were  "Chi- 
gunnji,"  or,  as  MR.  JAMES  PLATT  spells  it, 

**  Chugunni,"  i.e.,  cast  iron.  Before  this 
explanation  can  be  definitely  accepted,  we 
must  know  for  certain  whether  Slavonic  was 
the  language  of  the  Danubian  provinces  in 
the  time  of  Herodotus,  and  also  if  the  gypsies 
had  left  their  original  homes  in  Northern 
India  before  that  date.  It  seems  a  little 
remarkable,  if  MR.  STRICKLAND'S  theory  is' 
correct,  that  nothing  should  have  been  heard 
of  them  in  Europe  between  the  days  of 

Herodotus  and  comparatively  modern  times. 


ii.  SEPT.  17, 1904.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


231 


As  one  of  the  greatest  authorities  on  gypsy- 
lore,  tie  much  lamented  Francis  Hindes 
Groome,  said  in  the  Introduction  to  his 
'Gypsy  Folk-Tales,'  p.  xxxi  :— 

*'  All  that  I  hold  for  certain  is  our  absolute  un- 
certainty at  present  whether  gypsies  first  set  foot  in 
Europe  a  thousand  years  after  or  a  thousand  years 

before  the  Christian  era But  we  do  know  that 

India  was  their  original  home,  that  they  must  have 
sojourned  long  in  a  Greek-speaking  region,  and  that 
in  Western  and  Northern  Europe  their  present  dis- 
persion dates  mainly,  if  not  entirely,  from  after  the 
year  1417." 

It  may  be  added  that  borrowings  from  Euro- 
pean languages  constitute  only  a  twentieth 
part  of  the  gypsies'  vocabulary.  The  total 
number  of  Greek  loan-words  in  the  different 
gypsy  dialects  may  be  about  one  hundred. 
Slavonic  loan-words  come  next  to  the  Greek. 
English  R6many  has  some  thirty  of  the 
former  as  against  fifty  of  the  latter.  This 
fact  rather  militates  against  the  theory  that 
the  Zigeuner  can  have  lived  in  the  midst  of  a 
Slav  population  ever  since,  and  of  course 
much  earlier  than,  the  time  of  Herodotus. 
W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

EEL  FOLK-LORE  (10th  S.  ii.  149).— I  am  not 
acquainted  with  the  proverb  as  applied  to 
eels.  Pescetti,  whose  collection  of  Tuscan 
proverbs  was  first  published  at  the  close  of 
the  sixteenth  century,  makes  the  creatures 
disturbed  by  the  thunder  not  eels,  but  snakes. 
Here  are  his  words :  "  Al  primo  tuon  di 
Marzo  escon  fuor  le  serpi "  ('Proverbi  Italiani,' 
art. '  Stagioni ').  Giusti  presents  the  proverb 
•with  the  reading  "  tutte  le  serpi,"  and  adds  a 
variant  version,  "  Marzo,  la  serpe  esce  dal 
foalzo,"  without  any  allusion  to  thunder 
X*  Proverbi  Toscani,'  1853,  p.  180). 

It  may  be  of  interest  to  compare  the  above 
with  old  French  proverbs  relating  to  March 
thunder,  of  which  I  find  the  following  ver- 
sions : — 

44  Le  vendredy  sainct  &  aourn6  vint  &  yssitdu  Ciel 
plusieurs   grans   esclats   de    tonnoirre,    espartisse- 
mens  &  merueilleuse  pluye,  qui  esbahist  beaucoup 
•de  gens,  pource  que  les  anciens  dient  tousiours  que 
nul  ne  doit  dire  helas,  s'il  n'a  ouy  tonner  en  Mars." 
— 'Chronique  Scandaleuse,'  «.a.  1468. 
En  mars  quand  il  tonne 
Chacun  s'en  etoiine ; 
Enavril  s'il  tonne 
C'est  nouvelle  bonne. 
Calendrier  of  1618  quoted  in  Le  Roux  de  Lincy's 

*  Proverbes,'  1842,  i.  84. 
Tonnerre  en  Mars  cause  helas  ! 
Et  en  Septembre  n'estonne  pas. 

*  Proverbes  en  Rimes,'  1664,  ii.  301. 

I  know  only  two  British  proverbs  relating 
to  March  in  which  snakes  are  alluded  to. 
One  is  Scottish  :  *'  March  comes  wi'  adders' 
heads,  and  gangs  wi'  peacocks'  tails."  The 


other,  as  given  by  Mr.  W.  C.  Hazlitt,  is : 
'  March  wind  wakens  the  adder  and  blooms 
he  thorn " — a  saying  to  which  he  sees  a 
reference  in  '  Julius  Caesar,'  II.  i.  14  : — 

It  is  the  bright  day,  that  brings  forth  the  Adder, 

And  that  craues  warie  walking. 

F.  ADAMS. 

Twan  Ching-Shih    (ob.    863  A.D.),    in  his 
Yu-yang-tsah-tsu,'  Japanese  edition,  1697, 
second  series,  torn.  ii.  fol.  5b,  says  :— 

"In  Hing-Chau  there  is  the  so-called  'Thunder 

Hollow,'  regularly  half  full  of  water.    Every  time 

thunder  is  heard,  its  water  rises  and  flows  out  with 

fish  in  it,  so  that  the  people  wait  for  such  occasions 

and  then  capture  numberless  fish  by  means  of  sticks 

>lanted  and  nets  spread  about  the  hollow.    Even 

svhen  no  thunder  is  heard,  they  can  successfully 

jsh  by  crowding  and  drumming  close  to  it ;  but 

their  capture  in  this  manner  amounts  to  only  half 

as  much  as  what  they  could  catch  when  it  thunders." 

The  Japanese    encyclopaedia,  Terashima's 

Wakan  Sansai  Dzue,'  1713,  mentions  a  fish 

named   "  hatahata,"   which    swarms   in  the 

north-east  sea  of  Japan  only  in  thunderous 

weather.  KUMAGUSU  MINAKATA. 

Mount  Nachi,  Kii,  Japan. 

HUMOROUS  STORIES  (10th  S.  ii.  188).— 'The 
Story  of  the  Cornish  Jury'  will  be  found 
(with  nineteen  others)  in  *  Tales  of  Devon  and 
Cornwall,'  related  by  William  S.  Pasmore,  a 
native  of  Exeter.  The  little  book  is  published 
by  Besley  &  Dalgleish,  Limited,  Exeter.  The 
recitations  are  the  copyright  of  the  author, 
and  upon  the  fly-leaf  is  the  intimation  that 
"  all  infringements  will  be  promptly  proceeded 
against."  HARRY  HEMS. 

1  For  One  Night  Only,'  by  Richard  Marsh, 
Appeared  in  To-day,  edited  by  Jerome  K. 
Jerome,  14  December,  1895.  ST.  SWITHIN. 


I.H.S.  (10th  S.  ii.  106,  190).— Though  much 
information  has  already  been  given  on  this 
monogram,  it  may  be  of  interest  to  add  that 
it  is  the  badge  of  the  knighthood  of  the 
Seraphim  of  Sweden.  B.  W. 

In  connexion  with  this  subject,  it  may  be 
noted  that  SPG  is  sometimes  found  for 
Spiritus.  Here  the  Greek  form  of  S  is  no 
doubt  borrowed  from  IHC  and  XPC. 

J.  T.  F. 

COUTANCES,  WINCHESTER,  AND  THE  CHAN- 
NEL ISLANDS  (10th  S.  ii.  68,  154).— MR.  J.  B. 
WAINEWRIGHT  asks  for  information  about 
the  transfer  of  the  Channel  Islands  to  the 
diocese  of  Winchester.  The  Societe  Jersioise 
is  now  publishing  a  volume  which  will  con- 
tain a  number  of  interesting  documents  on 


232 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [ID*  s.  n.  SEPT.  17,  MM. 


the  subject.  I  may  be  able  to  help  MR. 
WAINEWRIGHT  should  he  desire  any  further 
information.  G.  E.  LEE. 

St.  Peter  Port  Rectory,  Guernsey. 

MESSRS.  COUTTS'S  REMOVAL  (10th  S.  ii.  125). 
— Those  interested  in  the  history  of  this 
celebrated  banking  house  may  like  to  be 
referred  to  an  article  entitled  '  Messrs.  Coutts 
&  Co. :  the  Three  Crowns,5  which  appeared 
in  the  City  Press,  30  May,  1888.  It  forms 
No.  4  of  a  series  on  "  Early  London  Gold- 
smiths and  Bankers."  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

THE  POET  CLOSE  (10th  S.  i.  409).— I  can 
hardly  imagine  this  eccentric  individual 
having  "admirers"  nowadays.  Had  he  not 
been  foolishly  encouraged  by  jocular  tourists, 
this  half-witted  man  would  never  have  been 
able  to  produce  his  so  -  called  l  Poetical 
Works,'  nor  would  he  ever  have  been  the 
recipient  of  that  Civil  List  pension  which 
he  enjoyed  only  a  few  weeks  before  it  was 
promptly  suppressed. 

I  have  several  of  Close's  published  volumes, 
including  a  very  rare  one  issued  in  1882  at 
5s.  These  I  will  lend  to  your  correspondent 
if  he  is  interested.  He  will  obtain  some 
amusement  (and  wonderment)  from  a  perusal 
thereof.  CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

DOG-NAMES  (10th  S.  ii.  101,  150).— Add  to 
previous  lists  the  following.  Let  me,  how- 
ever, indignantly  (for  I  am  on  the  feline  side) 
rescue  Atossa  from  her  evil  company  in  the 
last  list.  She  was  a  cat. 

Argus.—'  Odyssey,'  xvii.  326. 

Bounce.— Gay,  Epistle  ix. 

Cavall,  King  Arthur's  hound.— Tennyson, 
*  The  Marriage  of  Geraint/  1.  185. 

Cora,  Mexican  spaniel  belonging  to  a  niece 
of  Macaulay.— Macaulay's  '  Life  and  Letters.' 
cap.  xiv. 

Dandy,  Scotch  terrier  of  C.  Kingsley.— 
Kingsley's  *  Life  and  Letters/  cap.  xv. 

Daph[ne],  Mr.  Wardle's  pointer.— *  Pick- 
wick,' cap.  xix. 

Fiddler,  a  hound.— Somerville,  '  Hunting 
Song '  ('  Occasional  Poems '). 

Fop.— Gay,  Epistle  ix. 

Fury.— 'Alice  in  Wonderland,'  cap.  iii. 

Glaucis,  Cynthia's  pet  dog.— Propertius,  v. 
3,  55. 

Hylax.— Virgil,  'Eel.,'  viii.  108. 

Issa,  pet  dog  of  Publius.— Martial,  i.  109 

Jip  (for  Gipsy),  Dora  Spenlow's  spaniel.— 
'David  Copperfield,'  cap.  xxvi. 

Juno,  Mr.  Wardle's  pointer.— 'Pickwick  ' 
cap.  xix. 


Lselaps,  Cephalus's  dog. — Ov.,  'Met.,'  vii. 
771. 

Lampon,  hunting-dog  of  Midas.  —  *  Gk. 
Anthol.,'  ix.  417. 

Lightfoot,  shepherd's  dog. — Gay,  'Fables/ 
i.  17,  9,  and  'The  Shepherd's  Week/  'Thurs- 
day/ 1.  134. 

Lion,  Henry  Gowan's  Newfoundland. — 
'Little  Dorrit/  book  i.  cap.  xvii.  to  ii. 
cap.  vi. 

Lowder,  Roffyn's  sheepdog.  —  Spenser, 
'Shepherd's  Calendar/  'Sept./  11.  194-223. 

Lycas,  Thessalian  hound.— 'Gk.  Anthol./ 
Appendix,  No.  80. 

Lycisca.— Virgil,  'Eel./  iii.  18. 

Margarita,  "  catella  nigra  atque  indecenter 
pinguis"  of  Trimalchio.— Petr.,  'Sat./  §  64. 

Perseus,  lapdog  of  Tertia,  dau.  of  ^Emilius 
Paulus.— Plut.,  'Vit.  ^Em.  Paul./  cap.  x.  m. 
p.  260. 

Ponto,  Mr.  Jingle's  dog.  —  '  Pickwick/ 
cap.  ii. 

Rab,  mastiff.— 'Rab  and  his  Friends/  by 
Dr.  John  Brown. 

Ring  wood,  a  hound. — Gay,  'Fables/ i.  44, 13. 

Sancho. — 'Ingoldsby  Legends/  first  series,. 
'  The  Bagman's  Dog.' 

Scylax,  Trimalchio's  watchdog.  —  Petr.^ 
'Sat./ §64. 

Shock.—'  Rape  of  the  Lock/  canto  i.  1.  115. 

Snarleyyow,Vanslyperken's  dog.— Marryat, 
*  The  Dog  Fiend/  passim. 

Speed,  pointer  of  Quince.— Praed,  '  Every- 
day Characters,'  No.  2. 

Sweep,  retriever  of  C.  Kingsley.  —  See 
Dandy. 

Sylvio,  Maria's  dog. — 'Sentimental  Jour- 
ney '  (Moulines). 

Tauros,  a  Maltese  watchdog.  — '  Gk.  An- 
thol./ vii.  211. 

Theron,  Roderick's  dog.— Southey's  '  Rode- 
rick/ canto  xvii.  11.  54-69. 

Tory,  black  spaniel  of  Horace  Walpole. — 
Vide  'Letters  of  H.  Walpole  and  Gray/ 
Nov.,  1739. 

Towser.— Somerville,  Fable  V.  ('  The  Dog 
and  the  Bear '). 

Tray.— Gay,  '  Introduction  to  Fables/  1.  44. 

Trouncer,  a  foxhound. — Bloomfield's  '  Far- 
mer's Boy/  'Autumn/  11.  303-32. 

Urien,  an  Italian  greyhound,  Queen  Anne 
Boleyn's  favourite  lapdog  (?  named  after 
Urien,  brother  to  William  Brereton,  Groom 
of  the  Chamber  to  Henry  VIII.).— Archoeo- 
logia,  vol.  xxxiii.  p.  74  (1849). 

Victor,  a  Teckel  given  by  Queen  Victoria 
to  C.  Kingsley. — '  Kingsley's  Life  and  Letters/ 
ap.  xv. 

Vixen,  Bartle  Massey's  turnspit.— '  Adam, 
Bede/  bk.  ii.  cap.  xxi.  N 


iv*  s.  ii.  SEPT.  17,  low.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


233 


Yap.— Gay,  4  Fables,'  ii.  6. 

In  Ov.,  4  Met.,'  iii.  206-33,  are  given  thirty- 
five  names  of  Action's  hounds,  all  obviously 
descriptive  ;  they  include  Lselaps  and  Theron. 

Finally,  let  the  shade  of  Plato  do  some 
penance  for  not  telling  us  the  name  of 
Ctesippus's  dog  (Plat.,  *  Euthydemus,'  m. 
p.  298),  that  "  rascal  sire  of  rascal  puppies." 

H.  K.  ST  J.  S. 

Budget.— The  late  Lord  Ly  tton's  dog  called 
so  when  the  Budget  caine  out. 
Kerstie. — One  of  Miss  lihoda  Broughton's 

The  following  were  all  favourites  of  Charles 
Dickens  :— 

Timber  Doodle. — A  small  Havana  spaniel 
given  to  him  on  his  first  visit  to  America. 
Don. — A  Newfoundland. 
Sultan.— An  Irish  bloodhound. 
Turk.— A  beautiful  mastiff. 
Linda. — A  St.  Bernard. 
Mrs.  Bouncer.— A  white  Pomeranian  belong- 
ing to  Miss  Dickens. 

When  Sidtan.  Turk,  and  Linda  fleet 
The  lost  lov'd  Master  rushed  to  meet, 
His  kindly  voice  would  always  greet 
The  little  Spitz  ! 

Alas  !  so  furry,  warm  and  white, 

From  this  cold  world  she  took  her  flight ; 

No  more  on  rug,  by  fireside  bright, 

Dear  Bouncer  sits. 

Percy  Fitzgerald. 
To  which  may  be  added  : — 

Nerina. — The  pet  dog  of  George  Sand's 
mother. 

Tristan. — Son  of  Nerina,  the  pet  of  Maurice 
Dupin,  father  of  George  Sand.  The  dog  was 
given  this  name  after  the  son  of  St.  Louis, 
who  was  born  when  his  father  was  in 
captivity,  Maurice  Dupin  himself  being  a 
prisoner  in  1794,  when  his  dog  was  born. 

CONSTANCE  RUSSELL. 

The  following  extract  is,  I  think,  interest- 
ing, especially  in  that  it  has  two  early 
examples  of  almost  the  name  "  Mopsey," 
which  appears  ante,  p.  102  : — 

IN   JEDIBUS  CL.  IVSTI   LlPSl 

vides  depictos  tres  Canes  cum 

hac  inscriptione. 

Saphyrus  catellus,  gente  Batanus,*  corpore  albet, 
capite  auribusque  purpurat,  discrimine  tamen  albo 
asummoeo,  inter  aures,  cuneatim  ad  os  descendente. 
Senecio  nunc  est,  &  tredecennis :  cum  in  flore, 
pulcherrimus  &  lepedissimus  catulorum. 
Gemma  dedit  nomen,  sum  ver6  gemma  catellu', 

Quotquot  terra  habuit  Belgica,  habebit,  habet. 
Tale  decus  vultus,  talis  venus.  adde  lepores 

Ingenii,  humanum  qui  sapiant  Genium. 
Et  san6  est  aliquid  mi  hominis.  vis  argumentum? 

Vina  bibo,  et  vino  nata  me  habet  podogra. 


*  Apparently  a  misprint  for  "  Batavus  "  ;  see  the 
epitaph. 


MOPSVLVS  catulus,  domo  Antuerpia,  donum  k 
CL.  v.  Arnoldo  Borcoutio,  amico  veteri  &  I.  c.  is 
corpore  albet,  capite,  auribus,  atque  altero  oculo 
sufflauis.  Rostrum  e  rubro  albicat,  breue  &  obtu- 
sum,  &  nare  prorsus  repanda.  Crassulus,  argutus, 
mordax  est,  ;etate  bimus. 
MOPSVLVS ast  ego  sum,  domini  conuiua  ?  quid  vltra? 

En  etiam  lectum  participo  domini. 
Estne  aliud  ?  domini  dominus,  si  dicere  fas  est : 

Vsque  adeo  formse  huic  iungitur  improbitas 
Sed  formse,  quae  rara  cluet.  si  examine  iusto 

Pendor,  quod  nee  ames  est  mihi,  plus  quod  ames. 

MOPSVS  canis,  gente  Scot/us  .  colore  crasso 
spadiceo ;  sed  circa  oras  aurium,  fa  in  ipso  ore,, 
dilutius  flauo  .  super  oculum  vtrumque  orbiculi 
sequales  duo,  itidem  flaui.  Idem  color  in  pedibus 
interioribus,  intra  femora,  sub  cauda  &  in  ano.  At 
pectus  latum  £  honestum,  Pantherina  prorsus- 
specie,  album  &  maculis  spadiceis  sparsum.  Tales 
ipsissimi  pedes.  Annum  agit  tertium  ad  inuidiam 
pulcher. 

MOPSVS  ego,  forma  qui  vinco  ssecla  canina ; 

Quod  nolim  in  magno  corpore  nil  habeo. 
Quodque    velim,    dominu',    doinina',    ancillamque 
vole'tes 

Conciliet  probitas  simplicitasque  mihi. 
Ille  canis  redeat,  meruit  qui  caelica  templa: 

Si  certet,  terra  hunc,  me  sibi  cselum  habeat. 

Tumulus  SAPHYRI  catelli. 

HECAT^E  SACK. 

SAPHYRVS  DOMO  BATAVVS 

DELICIVM   LlPSl,   DECVS  CANVM, 

INGENIO.   LEPORE,  FORMA. 

H.S.E. 

TRISTI  FATO  EREPTVS, 

ET  FERVKNTIBVS  AQVIS  MERSVS, 

CVM  VIXISSET  LVSTRA   PLVS  TRIA. 

O  HERI  DOLOR  ! 

TVVM,   LECTOR,   ADDE, 

QVISQVIS   LlPSIVM   AMAS,   IMO 

QVISQVIS  ELEGANTIAM  AUT  LEPOREM 

AMAS, 

QVORVM  ISTE  THESAVRVS  ERAT. 
ABI,   FLORES  SPARGE, 

SI  NON  LACRVMAS. 

PLANGEBAT  ET  PANGEBAT, 

I.   LlPSIVS  OLIM,   1IEV,  DOMINVS, 

V.    KAL.    SEPTEMBR.    M.IJCI. 

"Monumenta  Sepulcralia  et  Inscriptiones  Publics? 

Privataeq.  Ducatus  Brabantife,  Franciscus  Sweer- 

tius  F.  posteritati  collegit."     Antverpina,  1613, 

p.  *255  et  seq. 

The  above  appears  amongst  the  *  Lovanien- 
sia.' 

Presumably  the  owner  of  the  three  dogs- 
was  the  Justus  Lipsius,  who  died  at  Louvain 
in  1606,  aged  fifty-eight.  His  epitaphs  are- 
given  ibid.t  p.  244.  ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

A  race  of  Yorkshire  broken-haired  terriers 
are  all  called  either  Haydn  or  Handel.  A 
customary  name  for  these  pretty  little  dogs 
is  Daddies.  One  belonging  to  the  late  Frank 
Marshall  was  called  Sir  Daddies  Daddies. 

H.  T. 

Surely  Chang,  George  du  Maurier's  fine- 
dog,  immortalized  in  Punch,  merits  a  place 


234 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  SEPT.  17,  wo*. 


in  the  list.  I  may  also  mention  Jim,  Sir 
Henry  Cole's  little  dog,  as  well  known  at  the 
South  Kensington  Museum  as  himself,  and 
portrayed  in  the  caricature  of  his  master  in 
Vanity  Fair  in  1871.  HENRIETTA  COLE. 

*  Our  Dogs,'  by  Dr.  John  Brown,  author  of 
*  Rab  and  his  Friends,'  contains  a  lot  of  dog- 
names  :— The  Duchess,  Peter,  Toby,  Wasp, 
Jock,  Crab,  John  Pym,  Puck,  Bawtie  of  the 
Inn  ;  Keeper,  the  carrier's  bull-terrier  ;  Tiger, 
&  huge  tawny  mastiff  from  Edinburgh,  which 
I  think  must  have  been  an  uncle  of  Rab's ; 
all  the  sheepdogs  at  Callands,  Spring,  Mavis, 
Yarrow,  Swallow,  Cheviot,  &c. 

R.  J.  FYNMORE. 

Sandgate. 

Let  me  add  a  few  more,  several  from 
Dickens  : — 

Bull's-Eye.  —  Bill  Sikes's  dog  in  '  Oliver 
Twist,'  whom  he  attempts  to  destroy. 

Diogenes.— Little  Paul  Dombey's  favourite 
dog,  and  afterwards  Florence's. 

Carlo. — Name  of  one  of  the  dancing  dogs 
accompanying  Jerry  to  the  "  Three  Jolly 
•Sandboys." 

Jip.— The  favourite  pet  of  poor  Dora  Cop- 
perfield. 

Ponto. — The  sagacious  pointer  mentioned 
in  the  'Pickwick  Papers,'  who  declines  to 
^nter  the  plantation  on  which  is  the  board, 
"The  gamekeeper  has  orders  to  shoot  all 
<logs  found  in  this  enclosure."  An  etching 
by  Seymour  represents  Ponto  eyeing  the 
board  with  suspicion. 

Chowder.  —  Tabitha  Bramble's  favourite 
•dog  in  *  Humphry  Clinker.' 

Jowler  and  Vixen.— Two  dogs  mentioned 
in  Croxall's  '^Esop's  Fables.' 

Caesar  and  Jowler. — Two  dogs  belonging 
to  the  young  squire  in  'Roderick  Random.' 

Toby. — Punch's  favourite  dog. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

"Will  generally  kept  ten  or  twelve  dogs,  of 
which  three  were  his  particular  favourites ;  their 
names  were  Charlie,  Phoebe,  and  Peachem."— '  The 
Life  of  James  Allan,  the  Celebrated  Northumberland 
Piper,'  1818,  chap.  li.  p.  11. 

W.  E.  WILSON. 

Hawick. 

Mr.  W.  Hastings  Kelke,  referred  to  by  O., 
was  the  Rev.  W.  Hastings  Kelke,  in  1854 
rector  of  Drayton  Beauchamp,  Bucks. 

NORTH  MIDLAND. 

VANISHING  LONDON  (10th  S.  ii.  125). —A 
house  in  Cavendish  Square,  that  has  been 
the  home  of  art  and  artists  in  its  day,  is 
doomed,  and  will  very  shortly  disappear. 
Built  by  F.  Cotes,  R.A.,  occupied  by  George 
liomney,  "the  man  of  Cavendish  Square," 


who  portrayed  Lady  Hamilton  in  fourteen 
of  his  beautiful  pictures,  it  was  subsequently 
tenanted  by  Sir  Martin  Archer  Shee,  the 
Irish  President  of  the  Royal  Academy,  who 
died  in  1850.  HENRY  GERALD  HOPE. 

119,  Elms  Road,  Clapham,  S.W. 

CLOSETS  IN  EDINBURGH  BUILDINGS  (10th  S. 
ii.  89,  154). — For  a  diagram  which  shows  one 
of  these  closets  in  the  south-west  corner  of 
the  building,  see  Hone's  'Year- Book,'  col.  1127. 
For  an  illustration  of  the  houses  themselves, 
with  an  exhaustive  description,  see  cols.  1359- 
1364.  CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

FETTIPLACE  (10th  S.  i.  329,  396,  473,  511).— 
Mr.  James  Coleman  has  (br  lately  had)  some 
deeds  for  sale  of  the  Fittiplace  family.  His 
address  is  9,  Tottenham  Terrace,  Tottenham, 
London,  N.  ARTHUR  L.  COOPER. 

Reading. 

ELECTRIC  TELEGRAPH  ANTICIPATED  (10th 
S.  ii.  66,  135).— In  "  New  Atlantis,  begun  by 
the  Lord  Verulam,  Viscount  St.  Albans,  and 
continued  by  R.  H.,  Esquire,"  published  in 
1660,  on  pp.  67  and  68,  we  find  the  following 
passage  : — 

"  Thereupon  he  carried  me  to  a  little  closet  at 
the  end  of  that  gallery,  whose  door  at  his  first 
knock  one  of  the  Fraternity  opened  ;  who  with  a 
complacent  desire  to  satisfy  my  greedy  curiosity, 
was  willing  to  expose  whatsoever  rarity  Joabin 
pleased  to  call  for.  Joabin  told  him,  that  for  his 
part  he  durst  not  be  so  bold  ;  but  whatsoever  he 
pleased  freely  to  communicate,  or  let  us  see,  he 
should  take  it  for  a  very  great  favour.  Hereupon 
he  immediately  reached  forth  a  little  Ark,  wherein 
many  rarities  were  placed,  a  Loadstone  far  bigger 
then  that  which  holds  up  Mahomets  tomb  in 
Mecha.  This  is  the  truely  pretious  stone,  of  such 
divine  use  (said  he)  that  by  its  charitable  direction 
it  not  only  ciments  the  divided  World  into  one 
body  politic,  maintaining  trade  and  society  with 
the  remotest  parts  and  Nations,  but  is  in  many 
other  things  of  rare  use  and  service.  I  shall  not 
open  all  its  properties  (said  he),  most  of  them  being 
already  known  amongst  you  Europeans :  1  will  only 
unfold  this  usefull  and  most  admirable  conclusion 
upon  it,  and  which  hath  been  but  lately  here 
experimentally  discovered ;  which  is  this.  Two 
needles  of  equal  size  being  touched  together  at  the 
same  time  with  this  Stone,  and  severally  set  on 
two  tables  with  the  Alphabet  written  circularly 
about  them  ;  two  friends,  thus  prepared  and  agree- 
ing on  the  time,  may  correspond  at  never  so  great 
a  distance.  For  by  turning  the  needle  in  one 
Alphabet,  the  other  in  the  distant  table  will  by 
a  secret  Sympathy  turne  it  self  after  the  like 
manner.  This  secret  was  first  experimented  here 
by  one  Jamoran,  who  being  suspected  of  Apostacy, 
because  of  his  great  intimacy  with  one  Alchmerin, 
his  friend  and  a  Jew,  and  his  little  adhesion  to 
some  of  his  opinions,  was  sent  into  the  Island  of 
Conversion  close  prisoner :  who  there  to  hold 
constant  intelligence  with  his  intimate  first  found 
out  this  admirable  invention." 


to*  s.  ii.  SEPT.  17, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


235 


It  is  remarkable  that  not  only  have  we 
in  this  book  (which  is  probably  one  of  a 
number  written  by  Bacon  and  publishec 
by  his  **  private  succession  of  hands  "  in  con- 
formity with  his  intention  announced  in 
4 Valerius  Terminus')  an  anticipation  of 
the  electric  telegraph,  but  in  the  1640  edition 
of  his  'Advancement  of  Learning'  (another 
book  published  after  his  death)  we  find  (for 
the  first  time  in  an  English  edition  of  the 
work)  the  alphabet  of  his  biliteral  cipher, 
constructed  on  the  same  principle  as  the 
Morse  telegraphic  alphabet  in  use  to-day, 
that  is,  by  different  placiugs  of  two  characters 
•or  signs.  A.  J.  WILLIAMS. 

Is  not  the  first  suggestion  of  the  electric 
telegraph  to  be  found  in  the  Old  Testament, 
Job  xxxviii.  35,  "  Canst  thou  send  lightnings, 
that  they  may  go  and  say  unto  thee,  Here 
we  are  1 "  H.  A.  ST.  J.  M. 

SEX  BEFORE  BIRTH  (10th  S.  i.  406).— At 
44 Frost  Fair,"  on  the  Thames,  m  1684,  the 
following  list  was  roughly  printed  on  a 
handbill  on  coarse  paper,  mentioning  the 
royal  family  present  at  the  fair  : — "  Charles, 
Xing  ;  James,  Duke  ;  Katherine,  Queen  ; 
Mary,  Duchess;  Anne,  Princess;  George, 
Prince  ;  Hans  in  Kelder." 

The   last  name  is,  of  course,  an  allusion 
to   "coming   events   casting    their  shadows 
before,"  as    the    Princess    Anne    had    been 
married    to    Prince    George    of    Denmark, 
28  July,  1683.    I  have  heard  that  this  used 
to  be  a  toast  at  Dutch  convivial  meetings. 
JOIIN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 
Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

Albertus  Magnus  heads  chap.  viii.  of  his 
*  De  Secretis  Mulierum '  with  the  words  : 
M  De  signis,  an  vir,  vel  fcemina  sit  in  utero," 
and  proceeds  to  enumerate  six  special  signs 
from  which  an  answer  may  be  deduced. 

E.  E.  STREET. 

NINE  MAIDENS  (10th  S.  ii.  128).— At  Little 
Salkeld,  Cumberland,  the  Druidical  circle  is 
called  "Long  Meg  and  her  Daughters,"  but 
there  the  stones  number  sixty-nine. 

MISTLETOE. 

In  illustration,  rather  than  in  reply  to  this 
'query,  may  I  inform  W.  G.  D.  F.  that  I 
visited  two  stone  circles  this  summer  not  far 
from  Bakewell,  in  Derbyshire?  One  is  on 
Stanton  Moor,  above  Darley  Dale,  and 
consists  of  nine  stones,  about  two  feet  high, 
arranged  in  a  complete  circle.  The  other  is 
near  Robin  Hood's  Stride,  between  Stanton 
and  Youlgreave.  Here  are  four  stones  of 
much  larger  dimensions.  The  guide-books 
say  that  there  were  formerly  six.  Now  the 


first  of  these  circles  is  called  "The  Nine 
Ladies,"  and  the  other  stands,  according  to 
the  Ordnance  map,  in  "  Nine  Stones  Close." 

There  is  some  confusion  between  the  maps 
and  the  guide-books  in  the  topography  of 
the  Nine  Ladies,  which  is  likely  to  cause  the 
visitor  much  unnecessary  trouble.  A  solitary 
stone,  apparently  connected  with  the  circle, 
stands  about  thirty  feet  to  the  west ;  upon 
this  some  wag  has  cut  a  portion  of  the 
famous  Pickwick  inscription.  Several  hun- 
dred yards  to  the  east  of  the  circle  is  a 
huge  block  of  grit  in  situ  on  the  edge  of  the 
moor,  bearing  on  its  eastern  face  a  well- 
carved  coronet.  The  name  "King's  Stone" 
seems  to  be  applied  sometimes  to  one  and 
sometimes  to  the  other. 

Needless  to  say,  the  student  of  stone 
monuments  will  find  the  western  King's 
Stone  the  more  interesting,  in  spite  of  Bill 
Stumps  and  his  mark. 

FRED.  G.  ACKERLEY. 

Care  of  British  Vice-Consul,  Libau,  Russia. 

COWPER  (10th  S.  ii.  149).— Macmillan's  Globe 
edition  of  Cowper,  with  its  finely  sympathetic 
memoir  of  the  poet  by  Canon  Benham,  will 
be  found  very  useful.  W.  E.  WILSON. 

Hawick. 

WOFFINGTON  (10th  S.  ii.  88,  174).  —  The 
suggestion  that  Woffington  can  be  connected 
with  Offa  is  one  of  a  kind  that  makes  one 
despair  of  success  in  teaching  the  elements 
of  phonetic  changes  in  English.  Briefly, 
there  is  no  known  instance  in  which,  before 
the  Conquest,  a  w  was  prefixed  to  o  or  u. 
But  the  Scandinavians  before  the  Conquest, 
and  the  Normans  afterwards,  did  the  con- 
verse in  hundreds  of  instances  ;  i.e.,  they 
regularly  dropped  an  initial  w  before  an 
A.-S.  «,  which  was  denoted  in  Norman  by  o 
as  well  as  u.  Hence  the  suggestions  made 
express  the  very  converse  of  the  truth,  put 
the  cart  before  the  horse,  and  show  what 
extraordinary  confusion  can  exist  whenever 
sound-laws  are  ignored. 

Of  course  the  W  in  Woffington  is  original, 
and  is  due  to  the  A.-S.  personal  name  Wuffa, 
whence  Wuffing,  the  son  of  Wuffa,  and 
Wuffinga-tun,  the  town  of  the  Wuffings 
or  sons  of  Wuffa.  The  names  Wuffa  and 
Wuffing  are  both  vouched  for  by  Beda  and 
his  translator  King  Alfred,  'Eccl.  Hist./ 
i.  15. 

The  name  of  Werrington  is  not  derived 
:rom  the  Domesday  Uluredintone,  which  is 
absurd  and  impossible,  but  from  the  A.-S. 
Wulfredinga  -  tun  (town  of  the  sons  of 
Wulfred),  of  which  the  Domesday  form  is  a 
ridiculous  and  incompetent  Norman  travesty. 


236 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  IL  SEPT.  17, 


The  name  of  Worlington  is,  similarly,  not 
derived  from  the  absurd  form  Ulurintone, 
but  from  the  A.-S.  Wulfheringa-tun  (town  of 
the  sons  of  Wulfhere),  which  again  is  much 
disguised  by  its  inadequate  Norman  form. 

That  Woodington  should  be  spelt  Odetona 
in  Domesday  Book  is  likewise  according  to 
rule.  It  really  represents  A.-S.  Wudan-tun 
(town  of  Wuda);  the  name  Wuda  occurs 
A.D.  727. 

There  are  literally  hundreds  of  examples 
in  which  the  A.-S.  wulf  (a  wolf)  is  spelt  ivlf, 
or  ulf,  or  olf,  or  ol,  or  ul  in  Norman  ;  A.-S. 
wudu,  a  wood,  and  Wuda,  a  personal  name, 
appear  regularly,  in  Norman,  as  ode  or  oden  ; 
and  the  A.-S.  iveorth  or  worth  regularly 
appears  as  orde,  or  orth,  or  unh.  It  will 
hardly  be  maintained  that  'ood  and  'ooman 
are  original  forms,  from  which  wood  and 
woman  are  derived.  But  these  are  parallel 
cases. 

The  Normans  were  so  fond  of  writing  o  for 
u  that  they  absolutely  succeeded  in  forcing 
upon  us  the  universal  spelling  wo  for  wu. 
The  result  is  the  astonishing  taboo  of  initial 
wu  in  English,  which  is  only  allowed  in 
dialect  and  in  a  few  words  that  are  very 
modern  indeed.  We  are  allowed  to  pronounce 
the  A..-S.  wulf  in  the  old  way,  but  we  must 
spell  it  wolf  or  be  accounted  ignorant.  And 
the  A.-S.  wudu  is  now  wood,  with  the  old 
sound  of  the  wud-.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

"A  SHOULDER    OF  MUTTON  BROUGHT  HOME 

FROM  FRANCE  "  (10th  S.  ii.  48,  158).— The  song 
"I  kill'd  a  man  and  he  was  dead"  had  no 
connexion  with  "A  shoulder  of  mutton,"  &c., 
although  conjoined  anachronismatically  by 
MR.  AWDRY,  as  a  mere  refrain.  The  two  are 
connected  solely  by  the  fact  of  both  being 
"Nonsense  Verses,"  such  as  the  still  more 
recent— 

A  man  of  words,  and  not  of  deeds, 

Is  like  a  garden  full  of  weeds. 

The  true  tune  of  the  original  ballad  is 
'  Tan  tara-rara,  Tantivee,'  for  which  see  the 
late  William  Chappell's  'Popular  Music,' 
p.  326,  first  and  only  trustworthy  edition, 
circa  1855-6,  and  '  Koxburghe  Ballads,'  vol.  vi. 
p.  406.  The  title  is  '  Tom  Tell-Truth,'  and 
the  date  not  later  than  1676.  Three  black- 
letter  broadsides  of  it  are  extant,  in  Huth 
Coll.,  ii.  103 ;  Jersey  Coll.,  i.  258,  now  Linde- 
siana,  No.  585,  at  Wigan ;  and  in  Addit.  vol.  iv. 
79  of  Roxburghe  Coll., formerly  B.  H.  Bright's, 
reprinted  by  me  in  Ballad  Society's  'Roxb. 
Ballads,'  vol.  viii.  p.  425  (1896).  It  has  four 
woodcuts,  one  of  which  is  4The  Friar  and 
the  Boy'  of  Percy  Folio  MS.,  Supplement, 
p.  9,  a  poem  long  anticipatory  of  Tom  Hood's 


'Tony's  Whim'  and  Browning's  'Pied  Piper/ 
enforcing  the  listener  to  dance,  nolens  volens* 
The  ballad  has  the  preliminary  motto  of — 
All  you  that  will  not  me  believe,  disprove  it  if  you 

can ; 

You  by  my  story  may  perceive  I  am  an  Honest  Man.. 
I  killed  a  man,  and  he  was  dead,  fa  la  la  ;  fa  la  la  ; 

[Repeat,  pasxim.  ] 
TOM  TELL-TRUTH. 

I  killed    a    man,   and   he  was  dead,   and  run  to 
St.  Alban's  without  a  head  ; 

With  a  fa  la,  fa  la  la  la,  fa  la,  la,  la,  la,  la,  la. 


I  asked  him  why  he  run  so  wild?    He  told  me  he 

got  a  maid  [beguil'd]. 
And  in  his  head  there  was  a  spring :  a  thousand 

great  salmons  about  there  did  spring. 

I  saddled  a  [majre  and  rid  to  Whitehall,  and  under 

the  Gate-house  she  gave  me  a  fall. 
I  lay  in  a  swound  three  and  twenty  long  year,  and 

when  I  awak'd  I  was  fill'd  with  fear. 

The  thing  that  did  fright  me  I  cannot  express :  I. 

saw  a  man  big  as  the  Tower,  no  less, 
This  man  with  the  Monument  would  run  away,  but 

at  Aldgate  Watch  they  did  him  stay. 

I  got  up  again,  and  rid  to  Hyde  Park,  and  made  the 

old  [ma]re  to  sneeze  [until  dark]. 
Atop  of  Paul's  steeple  there  did  I  see  a  delicate, 

dainty,  fine  Apple-tree. 

The  Apples  were  ripe,  and  ready  to  fall,  and  kill'd 

seven  hundred  men  on  a  stall. 
The  blood  did  run  both  to  and  fro,  which  caused 

seven  water-mills  for  to  go. 

I  see  Paul's  steeple  run  upon  wheels,  fa  la,  &c. 
I  see  Paul's  steeple  run  upon  wheels,  and  in  the 
middle  of  all  Moor-fields. 

With  a  fa  la,  fa  la  la  la,  fa  la,  la,  la,  la,  la,  la,. 

Printed  for  J.  Wright,  J.  Clarke,  W.  Thackeray, 
and  T.  Passinger.  (Date,  circa  1676-7.  Alludes 
to  the  Great  Fire  monument,  built  1671-7.) 

The  steeple  of  Old  St.  Paul's  had  been 
destroyed  by  fire  in  September,  1666,  and  of 
course  there  was  no  steeple,  but  a  dome- 
instead,  in  the  Cathedral  rebuilt  by  Sir 
Christopher  Wren,  completed  in  1710. 

Even  "  Nonsense  Verses  "  have  an  interest 
for  some  persons,  and  ought  not  to  be  mis- 
quoted or  treated  in  a  slovenly  manner. 
*  N.  &  Q.'  demands  accuracy,  but  a  few  words 
are  unavoidably  modified  and  bracketed. 
JOSEPH  WOODFALL  EBSWOKTH. 

The  Priory,  Ashford,  Kent. 

FAIR  MAID  OF  KENT  (10th  S.  i.  289,  374- 
ii.  59,  118,  175).— In  my  copy  of  'A  Catalogue 
and  Succession  of  the  Kings,  <fec.,'  Raphe 
Brooke,  1619,  under  Edward,  eldest  son  of 
Edward  III.,  it  is  said  of  his  wife  Joane : 
"She  had  bin  twice  married  before,  first  to 
the  Earle  of  Salisbury,  and  after  to  Thomas 
Holland."  A  former  owner,  in  an  early  seven- 
teenth -  century  hand,  has  written  in  the 
margin,  "A  daughter  of  this  venter  was. 


10*  s.  it.  SEPT.  17, 190*.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


237 


married  in  1305  to  the  Due  de  Bretaigne. 
Froissart,  c.  ccxxix.  p.  268."  My  copy  of 
Froissart  does  not  mention  this.  Perhaps  a 
perfect  copy  may  do  so  and  give  other  infor- 
mation. HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 
Shrewsbury. 

FIRST-FLOOR  REFECTORIES  (10th  S.  ii.  167).— 
The  refectory  of  Battle  Abbey  is  built  over 
•a  series  of  vaults,  on  the  slope  of  a  hill.  These 
as  they  descend  the  hill  increase  in  height. 

SHERBORNE. 

The  refectory  in  the  Cistercian  Abbey  of 
St.  Mary,  Old  Cleeve.  Somerset,  is  built  upon 
an  early  English  substructure,  used,  if  my 
memory  serves  aright,  as  cellarage,  lavatory, 
and  garde-robes.  It  is  approached  by  a  flight 
of  nineteen  steps.  GEORGE  A.  AUDEN. 

MR.  CANN  HUGHES  makes  a  mistake  in 
alluding  to  Bayham  as  a  priory.  It  was  an 
abbey;  but  he  "sins  in  good  company,"  for 
Dugdale  is  a  great  offender,  with  his  indis- 
criminate use  of  the  words  "abbey"  and 
*l  priory,"  sometimes  both  words  being  used 
in  the  page-headings  as  well  as  in  a  single 
account.  But  such  mistakes  are  to  be  depre- 
cated nowadays.  JOHN  A.  RANDOLPH. 

The  late  Rev.  E.  Mackenzie  Walcott,  in  his 

*  Cathedrals  of  the  United  Kingdom,'  under 

*  Durham,'  states    that    it    has  "a  Norman 
•crypt  beneath   the  refectory."    A  crypt  is 
correctly  defined  in  Parker's  *  Concise  Glos- 
sary' as  "a  vault  beneath  a  building,  either 
entirely  or  partljr  underground."    If,  in  each 
of  the  buildings  to  which  MR.  CANN  HUGHES 
draws  attention,  "  the  refectory  is  upstairs 
over  a  crypt,"  what  exists  upon   the  inter- 
mediate ground  floor  ?  HARRY  HEMS. 

Fair  Park,  Exeter. 

The  refectory  (fratry)  at  Carlisle  is  several 
feet  above  the  ground-level,  is  entered  by  a 
flight  of  steps,  arid  has  a  crypt  beneath  it. 

ANTIQUARY  v.  ANTIQUARIAN  (10th  S.  i.  325, 
396  ;  ii.  174). — I  can  find  no  evidence  to  show 
that  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  was  ever 
.known  as  the  Antiquarian  Society,  except  in 
popular  parlance.  I  have  a  copy  of  a  small 
pamphlet  entitled 

"  A  Copy  of  the  Royal  Charter  and  Statutes  of 
the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  London.  Printed  by 
•Order  of  the  Council,  for  the  use  of  the  Members. 
London,  Printed  in  the  Year  MDCCLIX." 

The  charter  had  been  granted  by  Royal 
Letters  Patent,  dated  12  November,  1751,  but 
neither  in  that  document  nor  in  the  statutes 
is  the  Society  called  otherwise  than  the 
•Society  of  Antiquaries.  The  abbreviation 


F.A.S.  was  occasionally  used  by  members,  but 
I  hardly  think  it  was  official,  as  the  Charter 
President,  Martin  Folkes,  places  P.S.A.  after 
his  name  in  his  signature  to  the  statutes. 
On  p.  18  comes  "The  President  and  Council's 
Nomination  of  the  first  or  modern  Fellows 
of  the  Society,"  one  of  whom  was  a  member 
of  my  own  family,  Benjamin  Prideaux.  This 
worthy  gentleman,  who,  like  all  good  anti- 
quaries, lived  and  died  a  bachelor,  was  a  son 
of  Edmund  Prideaux,  of  Pads  tow,  in  Corn- 
wall, by  his  wife  Hannah,  daughter  of  Sir 
Benjamin  Wrench,  of  Norwich,  and  a  grand- 
son of  Humphrey  Prideaux,  Dean  of  Norwich. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Inner  Temple,  and 
died  22  July,  1795.  His  father  Edmund  was 
also  a  distinguished  antiquary,  and  is  called 
by  Walpole,  in  a  fit  of  spleen,  "a  great  oaf 
of  unlicked  antiquity."*  Whether  the  "great 
boy"  who  accompanied  him  on  his  visit  to 
Horace,  when  he  bored  that  virtuoso  to  dis- 
traction, was  Benjamin  or  his  elder  brother 
Humphrey,  I  am  unable  to  say. 

It  is  true,  as  DR.  KRUEGER  says,  that  there 
are  several  words  in  the  English  language, 
formed  with  -ian  and  -arian,  which  are  used 
substantively  and  adjectively.  But  when 
both  the  substantival  and  adjectival  forms 
exist,  I  cannot  think,  with  DR.  KRUEGER, 
that  it  conduces  to  the  **  handiness  "  of  Eng- 
lish to  make  all  the  parts  of  speech  uniform. 
It  rather  tends,  in  my  humble  opinion,  to 
make  for  confusion  and  obscurity.  We  do 
not  call  a  geographer  a  "geographical,"  or  a 
numismatist  a  **  numismatic."  Why  then 
style  an  antiquary  an  "antiquarian"?  The 
word  "  antiquary  "  has  been  classicized,  nob 
only  by  the  title  of  Scott's  novel,  but  by  the 
usage  of  our  best  writers,  including,  as  MR. 
H.  G.  HOPE  has  shown,  the  first  Lord  Lytton, 
who,  whatever  may  be  thought  of  his  novels, 
which,  in  my  poor  judgment,  are  greatly 
underrated,  was,  at  all  events,  an  educated 
man  and  a  writer  of  excellent  English. 

W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

OWEN  BRIGSTOCKE  (10th  S.  ii.  86).— There 
were  at  various  times  four  adult  members  of 
the  Brigstocke  family  named  Owen,  and  for 
the  information  of  PALAMEDES  and  D.  M.  R. 
I  will  in  a  future  number  give  all  that  is 
known  of  each  of  them.  In  the  first  place, 
however,  I  wish  to  be  allowed  to  correct  a 
number  of  inaccuracies  that  appeared  re 
Owen  Brigstocke  at  8th  S.  xi.  257.  Anne 


*  Walpole'a  Letters,  ed.  Cunningham,  i.  14S ;  ed. 
Toynbee,  i.  203.  Both  Cunningham  and  Mrs.  Toyn- 
bee  have  copied  Walpole's  note,  in  which  he 
erroneously  says  that  Edmund  was  grandson  of 
Dean  Prideaux.  He  was  his  son  and  eventually  his 
heir. 


238 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES, 


s.  n.  SEPT.  17,  190*. 


Brigstocke,  wife  of  Owen  Brigstocke,  M.P., 
was  at  the  time  of  her  death  the  only  sur- 
viving child   of    Dr.   Edward    Browne    (ob. 
1708),  of  St.  Bride's  parish,  London,  and  of 
Northfleet,  Kent,  and  therefore  granddaughter 
of  the  renowned  Sir  Thomas  Browne,  Knt., 
M.D.    (ob.    1685),     of    Norwich;    her    only 
brother,  Dr.  Thomas  Browne,  died   without 
issue  in  1710,  and  she,  having  become  her 
father's  heiress,  likewise  died  without  issue  in 
April,    1746,   a  month  before  her   husband. 
The  Brigstockes  came  to    Carmarthenshire 
from   Croydon,   Surrey,   circa   1625-9.      The 
first  who  settled  in  Wales  was  John  Brig- 
stocke (will  proved  at    Carmarthen,   1640), 
who    married    Mary,    co-  heiress    of    Morris 
Bo  wen,  of  Llechdwny,  parish  of  Kid  welly,  co. 
Carmarthen,  and  thereupon  purchased  that 
property  from  his  father-in-law.     This  John 
Brigstocke  was  only  son  of  Robert  Brigstocke 
(ob.  1618),  of  Croydon,  by  Elizabeth  (ob.  1663), 
daughter  of    Edward    Heighten    by  Joane, 
daughter  of    ......    Wakerell.      John's    step- 

father, William  Nicolson,  was  master  of  the 
Croydon  Free  School,  then  rector  of  Llandilo 
Fawr,  co.  Carm.,  and  finally  at  the  Restora- 
tion Bishop  of  Gloucester,  in  the  Lady  Chapel 
of  which  cathedral  he  and  his  wife  and  some 
of  her  family  are  buried. 

G.  R.  BRIGSTOCKE. 
Hyde,  I.W. 

LADY  ELIZABETH  GERMAIN  (10th  S.  ii.  88, 
156).  —  There  is  a  portrait  of  Lady  Betty 
Germain  in  her  room,  so  called,  at  Knole. 
It  is  a  small  full-length.  It  may  be  of  interest 
to  state  that  her  book-plate  is  well  known  to 
collectors  of  ex-libris.  ALLANBANK. 

MANZONI'S  'BETROTHED'  (10th  S.  ii.  169).— 
In  1876  Messrs.  G.  Bell  &  Sons  published  a 
new  translation  of  the  complete  work,  724 
pages,  small  octavo.  L.  D.  FRY. 

Barnet. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &o. 

A  History  of  the  British  Empire,  in  the  Nineteenth 
Century.  By  Marcus  R.  P.  Dorman.—  Vol.  II. 
1806-1825.  (Kegan  Paul  &  Co.) 
THE  first  volume  of  Mr.  Dorman's  '  History  of  the 
British  Empire  in  the  Nineteenth  Century  '  carried 
the  action  from  the  year  1793  —  when,  on  the  trial 
and  execution  of  Louis  XVI.,  Chauvelin,  the  French 
Ambassador,  was  ordered  to  leave  London,  and  war 
was  declared  between  England  and  France  —  to 
the  death  of  Nelson  in  1805.  The  second,  which 
ends  in  1825,  deals  with  the  campaigns  of  Welling- 
ton and  the  policy  of  Castlereagh.  Upon  the  con- 
duct of  the  Peninsular  War  much  fresh  light  is 
cast,  and  an  animated  picture  is  presented  of  the 
battle  of  Waterloo,  the  occupation  of  Paris,  and 
the  strife  generally  between  Napoleon  and  England. 


What  is  most  interesting  is,  however,  the  vindica^ 
tion  of  the  action  of  Lord  Castlereagh,  perhaps  the 
most  hated  public  man  that  England  has  seen  since 
the  days  of  Lord  Chancellor  Jeffreys.  Mr.  Dorman  is 
not  so  wholesale  in  praise  as  was  Alison  ;  he,  indeed, 
censures  at  times  the  schemes  of  Castlereagh.  None 
the  less,  he  gives  him  at  others  unstinted  commenda- 
tion, and  says  that  the  ministry  of  1814  deserves 
"the  admiration  and  gratitude  of  every  British. 
subject."  Concerning  the  question  of  the  territory 
which,  with  the  exception  of  France,  all  the  lead- 
ing Powers  had  gained,  he  says :  "  Great  Britain, 
added  Malta,  Ceylon,  and  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope- 
to  her  dominions ;  and  who  can  estimate  their 
value  ?  Who  can  say  how  greatly  the  addition  of 
these  small  places  has  affected  the  destiny  of  the- 
British  Empire  as  a  whole?  Malta,  although  a. 
tiny  island,  is  capable  of  sheltering  a  large  fleet. 
The  route  to  India  by  the  Suez  Canal  is  thereby 
ensured,  and  the  Mediterranean  commanded.  Cey- 
lon is  an  outwork  of  India,  and  on  the  highway  to» 
Australia  and  the  Far  East.  The  Cape  of  Good 
Hope  is  the  base  from  which  South  Africa  has  been 
conquered.  The  extraordinary  value  of  these  pos- 
sessions is  now  apparent  to  every  one ;  but  what 
marvellous  judgment  was  shown  in  1814,  when  it 
was  decided  to  retain  them  ! "  In  this  flood  of 
Imperialism  the  recession  of  Java  to  the  Dutch — 
because,  as  it  is  said,  the  minister  did  not  know 
where  it  was  — is  forgotten.  The  work  is  well,, 
though  rather  floridly  written,  and  its  perusal  is- 
pleasant  as  well  as  edifying.  There  are  some  mis- 
takes, but  few  of  them  are  of  any  significance.  The- 
name  of  Montauban  is  misspelt,  but  this  is  probably 
a  press  error.  The  intelligence  that  Wellington 
was  created  a  marquis  and  that  the  Spanish  Cortes- 
admitted  him  to  the  most  sacred  order  of  the 
Joison  (sic)  d'Or  is  rather  comic.  Like  the  previous- 
volume — which,  however,  we  have  not  read — the- 
work  is  built  up  from  national  records,  and  deserves- 
close  study.  It  contains  brilliantly  executed  por- 
traits in  photogravure  of  George  IV.  and  his  un- 
happy queen,  of  the  Duke  of  Wellington,  and  of 
Castlereagh.  How  many  further  volumes  are  to  be 
expected  we  know  not.  There  must  be  several  if 
the  work  is  to  be  kept  up  as  it  is  begun.  However 
many  there  may  be,  they  will  be  -welcome.  An 
index  renders  the  history  available  as  a  work  of 
reference. 

The  Dukery  Records.  Being  Notes  and  Memoranda 
illustrative  of  Nottinghamshire  Ancient  History, 
&c.  By  Robert  White,  of  Worksop.  (Privately 
printed  for  Subscribers.) 

DURING  many  years  Mr.  White,  a  competent  and 
an  assiduous  antiquary,  and  a  valued  contributor 
to  our  columns,  has  collected  matter  relating  to- 
Nottinghamshire.  This  he  now  issues  to  subscribers 
in  a  handsome  volume  with  interesting  illustra- 
tions, the  whole  constituting  a  work  of  much  value 
to  archaeologists  generally  and  of  almost  unparal- 
leled worth  to  local  antiquaries.  Important  help 
has  been  rendered  him  by  some  of  those  most  com- 
petent to  assist,  and  the  contents,  miscellaneous  as 
they  are,  may  be  studied  with  the  certainty  of 
advantage  and  a  fair  prospect  of  delight.  The 
opening  portion  consists  of  articles  by  the  late  Rev. 
John  Stacye,  M.A.,  a  local  antiquary,  the  only  son- 
of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Stacye,  during  sixty-six  years 
vicar  of  Worksop.  First  in  order  comes  from  this 
source  '  Studies  of  the  Nottinghamshire  Domesday.' 
In  publishing  this  Mr.  White  has  had  the  advice- 


ii.  SBPT.  17,  loot.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


239 


and  assistance  of  Dr.  W.  de  Gray  Birch,  of  the 
British  Museum,  one  of  the  highest  authorities, 
if  not  the  highest,  on  the  subject.  Prefixed  to  the 
*  Studies'  is  an  account  of  Roger  de  Busli,  who, 
apart  from  property  in  Yorkshire,  Derbyshire,  and 
other  places,  possessed  no  fewer  than  174  manors 
in  Nottinghamshire.  Other  names  of  scarcely 
less  frequent  occurrence  are  Will:  Pevrel  and 
Gislebert:  de  Gand.  Tenants  of  land  in  "  Snoting- 
hamscyre"  include  also  King  William,  Earl  Alan 
(of  Richmond),  Earl  Hugh  (of  Chester),  (Robert) 
Earl  Moriton  (Moreton),  the  Archbishop  of  York, 
the  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  the  Bishop  of  Bayon,  the 
Abbot  of  (Peter)  Burgh,  &c.  In  a  following  article 
Mr.  Stacye  expresses  his  belief  that  he  has  estab- 
lished the  site  of  the  Blyth  Tournament  Field, 
which  Joseph  Hunter  and  other  antiquaries  sought 
vainly  to  identify.  His  arguments  in  favour  of 
Terminings,  alias  Styrrup  Meadow,  are  ingenious. 
Another  paper  is  on  the  much-disputed  site  of  the 
Shireoak  near  Steetley.  Following  these  papers 
comes  a  reprint  of  the  portion  of  Thoroton's  '  His- 
tory of  Nottingham,'  1677,  relating  to  '  Worksop 
and  its  Hamlets  in  the  Dukery.'  Mr.  W.  H.  Steven- 
son, one  of  the  most  trustworthy  of  antiquaries, 
has  a  most  important  contribution  on  '  The  Early 
Boundaries  of  Sherwood  Forest.'  Another  article 
of  great  value  is  by  Joseph  Hunter  on  Hodsoke. 
A  species  of  apology  is  proffered  for  an  account  of 
'  The  Vicissitudes  of  the  Welbeck  Miniatures,'  in 
which  a  grave  charge  is  brought  against  a  once  well- 
known  antiquary,  who  had  charge  of  them,  and 
turned  them  to  improper  use.  Nothing  that  greatly 
surprises  those  who  are  behind  the  scenes  is,  how- 
ever, advanced,  and  the  Duke  of  Portland  authorizes 
the  statements  that  are  made.  The  subject  is  one, 
however,  with  which  we  may  not  concern  our- 
selves. Criticism  in  the  case  of  a  work  of  this 
description  is  out  of  the  question,  and  none  has 
been  attempted.  The  task  of  giving  an  idea  of  the 
amount  of  valuable  material  brought  within  reach 
of  students,  even,  is  beyond  our  power.  With  its 
reproductions  of  chartularies,  grants,  leases;  inqui- 
sitions, inventories,  and  deeds  of  all  kinds  ;  with  its 
numerous  and  well-executed  views  of  spots  of  local 
interest,  its  facsimiles,  and  its  illustrations  gener- 
ally, the  work  is  a  treasury,  and  we  can  but  hope 
that  the  subscribers  to  the  volume  will  be  suffi- 
ciently numerous  to  guarantee  the  editor  or  writers 
from  loss.  Among  things  worthy  of  special  study 
we  would  instance  a  most  serviceable  and  important 
note  on  the  difference  between  the  purchasing 
power  of  money  in  the  Middle  Ages  and  at  the 
present  day.  There  are  some  items  concerning  the 
Commonwealth  wars.  A  striking  story  of  a  duel 
between  Sir  John  Holies  and  Gervase  Markham,  a 
well-known  literary  hack,  whom  Ben  Jonson  styled 
"  a  base  fellow,"  is  the  last  entry.  We  doubt, 
however,  whether  this  is  Gervase  Markham  the 
scribe,  or  another  Gervase  Markham,  of  Dunham, 
Nottinghamshire,  with  whom  many  people,  in- 
cluding Hume  the  historian,  have  confounded  him. 

Scottish  Heraldry  Made.  Easy.  By  S.  Harvey  John- 
ston. (W.  &  A.  K.  Johnston.) 
OF  all  knowledge  the  acquisition  of  which  demands 
application  and  perseverance,  the  science  of  blazon  is 
perhaps  the  most  easily  acquired.  As  in  other  cases  of 
study,  a  smattering  is  soon  obtained,  while  a  com- 
plete mastery  is  reserved  for  the  few.  Each  country 
has  its  own  laws,  and  separate  branches— such,  for 
instance,  as  ecclesiastical  heraldry — are  the  subject 


of  special  and  important  treatises.  For  many- 
reasons  Scottish  heraldry  and  Scottish  genealogy- 
are  exceptionally  involved.  Mr.  Johnston  has  beeu 
well  advised,  accordingly,  in  issuing  what  aims  at 
being  an  explanatory  work  and  an  easy  introduc- 
tion to  an  attractive  branch  of  study.  Admirable 
and  authoritative  books,  such  as  Woodward's 
Treatise  on  Heraldry,  British  and  Foreign,'  and 
Sir  James  Balfour  Paul's  'Ordinary  of  Scottish- 
Arms  and  'Heraldry  in  relation  to  Scottish  His- 
tory and  Art,  which  Mr.  Johnston  has  necessarily- 
consulted,  have  been  reviewed  at  a  period  relatively- 
recent  in  our  columns;  but  Sir  David  Lindsay's 
Heraldic  Mb.  and  Stodart's  '  Scottish  Arms '  have- 
been  primarily  consulted  by  our  author.  After  a  few 
short  preliminary  essays  on  the  purpose  and  origin- 
of  heraldry,  on  the  shields,  tinctures,  parted  coats,, 
&c.,  charges,  animate,  astronomical,  miscellaneous, 
&c.,  are  treated  at  some  length.  Of  charges  con- 
nected with  earth  it  is  stated  that  in  Scottish 
heraldry  such  are  confined  to  mountains,  the  mounds- 
from  which  trees  grow,  and  the  rocks  on  which- 
castles  rest.  Under  the  sub-ordinaries  references  are- 
made  to  the  double  tressure  peculiar  to  Scotland,  and 
consisting  of  two  narrow  orles,  one  within  the  other. 
A  chapter  on  *  Odds  and  Ends '  describes  how  to 
draw  a  shield,  gives  the  rules  of  blazon,  and  deals 
with  cockades,  &c.  A  useful  glossary  and  an 
adequate  index  add  to  the  value  of  a  serviceable- 
book.  Many  of  the  illustrations  are  in  colour. 

The  Cathedral  Church  of  Bayeux  and  other  His- 
torical Relics  in  its  Neighbourhood.    Bv  the  Rev 
R.  S.  Mylne,  M.A.    (Bell  &  Sons.) 
THE  appearance  of  this  volume  in  Bell's  series  of 
handbooks  to  continental  churches  is  welcome,  not 
only  for  its  own  sake,  but  for  the  sort  of  implied- 
promise  it  affords  that  the  churches  of  Caen    the- 
one  continental  spot  with  a  resemblance  to  Oxford, 
will  follow.     We  have  ourselves  been  in  the  habit 
of  varying  our  journey  to  Paris  by  going  via  Cher- 
bourg and  the  Cotentin,  and  thus  seeing  Bayeux 
Caen,  and  other  fair  spots.    A  view  of  the  cathedral 
from  the  north  forms  a  pleasing  frontispiece,  and  a 
nearer  view  from  the  east  is  given  at  p.  12      A 
chapter  is,  of  course,  devoted  to  the  famous  tapestry 
and  another  to  the  many  spots  of  extreme  interest 
to  be  found  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Bayeux.    The 
volume  constitutes  a  pleasing  addition  to  the  series. 

The  Poems  and  tome  Satires  of  Andrew  Marvell 

Edited  by  Edward  Wright.     (Methuen  &  Co  ) 
Several  Discourses  by  Way  of  Essays.    By  Abraham 
Cowley.    Edited  by  H.  C.  Minchin.    (Same  pub- 
lishers.) 

HAPPY  indeed  is  the  modern  reader  who  obtains- 
in  the  "Little  Library"  the  poems  of  Andrew 
Marvell.  We  sought  them  in  our  youth  for  many 
years,  and  then  only  obtained  them  in  a  scarce- 
edition  issued  by  Mary  Marvell.  Yet  what  lover 
of  poetry  would  now  be  content  to  be  without '  The 
Nymph,'  "  To  his  Coy  Mistress,'  '  Bermudas  '  •  To- 
Milton  on  his  "Paradise  Lost,"'  'The  Character 
of  Holland,'  and  especially  the  Horatian  ode  on 
'Cromwell's  Return  from  Ireland,'  with  its  mar- 
vellously bold  and  splendid  tribute  to  Charles  I. 
upon  his  death  ?  Who,  indeed,  would  spare  anything 
Marvell  wrote?  A  portrait  of  Andrew  Marvell 
still  youthful,  lent  by  the  Duke  of  Buccleuch 
serves  as  an  attractive  frontispiece. 

Cowley's  '  Essays '  are  recognized  as  among  the 
best  in  existence.    They  are,  none  the  less,  known 


240 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  SEPT.  17, im. 


to  very  few.  Their  appearance  in  so  attractive  and 
oheap  a  guise  should  bring  them  many  readers. 

Alcuin:  his  Life  and  Work.    By  C.  J.  B.  Gaskoin. 

(Clay  &  Sons.) 

To  this  monograph  upon  Alcuin,  in  a  "  somewhat 
•different  form,"  was  awarded  the  Hulsean  Prize  for 
1899.  The  first  four  chapters  are  devoted  to  supply- 
ing an  account  of  the  history  of  letters  in  Britain  in 
the  time  of  Alcuin,  or  Albinus,  and  especially  of  the 
^schools  of  Jarrow  and  of  York.  In  chaps,  v.  to  vii.  a 
chronological  history  of  Alcuin's  career  is  attempted, 
and  in  chaps,  yiii.  to  x.  his  achievements,  theo- 
logical, educational,  liturgical,  and  Biblical,  are 
summarized.  Those  who  wish  to  study  Alcuin's 
share  in  educational  controversy  and  his  relations 
with  Charlemagne,  and  to  obtain  an  introduction 
to  his  writings,  cannot  do  better  than  consult  the 
present  book,  which  is  a  product  of  sound  scholar- 
ship and  penetrative  insight.  On  such  disputed 
points  as,  Was  Alcuin  a  monk?  no  very  certain 
-utterance  is  pronounced. 

'The  Poems   of  Algernon    Charles  Swinburne.     In 

Six  Volumes.  Vol.  II.  (Chatto  &  Windus.) 
'THE  second  volume  of  Mr.  Swinburne's  poems  is 
occupied  with  the  '  Songs  before  Sunrise,'  with  its 
•title  reminiscent  of  the  'Chants  du  Cre'puscule' 
.and  the  '  Songs  of  Two  Nations.'  It  will  be  found, 
we  suppose,  to  be  the  most  purely  political  volume 
of  the  series.  As  such  it  is  the  most  outside  our 
cognizance,  and  we  shall  not  attempt  to  deal  with 
it  at  any  length.  For  once,  however,  departing 
from  our  practice  in  the  case  of  modern  verse,  we 
will  quote  a  stanza  descriptive  of  the  Bacchic  rout, 
and  ask  if  anywhere  in  the  world  our  readers  can 
find  so  masculine  and  masterly  a  description  of 
•rites  that  conveyed  the  very  spirit  of  one  phase  of 
Hellenic  religion  :— 

We  too  have  tracked  by  star-proof  trees 
The  tempest  of  the  Thyiades 
Scare  the  loud  night  on  hills  that  hid 
The  blood-feasts  of  the  Bassarid, 
Heard  their  song's  iron  cadences 

Fright  the  wolf  hungering  from  the  kid, 
Outroar  the  lion-throated  seas, 

Outchide  the  north-wind  if  it  chid, 
And  hush  the  torrent-tongued  ravines 
With  thunders  of  their  tambourines. 
We  could,  an  it  were  our  cue,  dilate  on  the  beauty 
and  power  of  these  lines,  but  we  refrain.     The 
lover    of   poetry    and    the  worshippers  of  classic 
literature  can  never  forget  them. 

Tom   Brown's  Schooldays.      By  Thomas    Hughes. 

Introduction    and    Notes    by    Vernon    Kendall. 

(Methuen  &  Co.) 

A  LOVELY  miniature  edition  of  *  Tom  Brown's 
^Schooldays,'  with  a  clear  text  and  a  limp 
morocco  binding,  appears  with  an  appreciative 
introduction  by  Mr.  Vernon  Kendall,  himself 
a  Rugbeian.  Among  the  causes  of  extreme  popu- 
larity in  the  case  of  this  work  may  be  noted  the 
absence  of  serious  rivalry,  and  the  fact  that  it  is 
not  the  work  of  a  clever  writing  man,  the  English 
schoolboy,  like  the  British  public,  always  suspecting 
cleverness.  All  lovers  of  the  book  will  find  a  new 
attraction  for  it  in  Mr.  Kendall's  bright  and 
sparkling  introduction. 

Hamlet  has  been  added   to  the  "  Pocket-Book 
•Classics"  of  Messrs.  Bell  &  Sons.    Its   inclusion 


should  enable  hundreds  to  acquire  familiarity  with 
the  greatest  and  most  philosophical  of  dramas,  not 
in  the  sadly  impoverished  text  in  which  alone  it  is 
generally  known,  but  in  its  complete  shape.  He 
who  carries  this  little  gem  in  his  waistcoat  pocket 
is  proof  against  any  temporary  siege  of  dulness.  In 
praise  of  the  series  we  have  already  spoken. 

To  Messrs.  Methuen's  series  of  "  Little  Guides  " 
has  been  added  a  serviceable  and  brightly  illus- 
trated guide,  by  George  Clinch,  to  the  Isle  of  Wight. 

Wonderland,  1904,  by  0.  D.  Wheeler,  issued 
by  the  Northern  Pacific  Railway  Company,  gives 
a  striking  account,  literary  and  pictorial,  of 
the  veritable  wonderland  into  which  the  Yellow- 
stone Park  line  introduces  the  traveller.  Among 
the  contents  is  the  account  by  Maximilian,  Prince 
of  Wied,  of  his  journey  through  the  North-West, 
and  a  short  bibliography  of  works  on  the  district. 

Holidays  in  Eastern  Counties,  by  Percy  Lindley, 
is  warmly  to  be  commended.  Holidays  on  the 
South  Coast  and  the  Isle  of  Wight  is  in  German, 
French,  and  English. 

THE  third  instalment  of  Sir  Walter  Besant's 
magnum  opus  '  London  in  the  Time  of  the  Tudors ' 
will  be  published  immediately  by  Messrs.  A.  &  C. 
Black.  In  the  person  of  the  great  queen  who  domi- 
nated this  epoch  Sir  Walter  found  a  subject  after 
his  own  heart.  Elizabeth's  character,  her  weak- 
nesses, her  greatness,  her  love  of  display,  and  her 
hold  on  the  hearts  of  her  subjects,  are  described. 
Like  its  two  predecessors,  this  volume  is  illustrated 
from  contemporary  prints,  and  contains  a  repro- 
duction of  Agas's  map  of  London  in  1560. 


3txrtijc.es  to 


We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices  :  — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
eajch  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 
put  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
heading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
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s.  ii.  SEPT.  24, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


241 


)NDON,  SATntDAY,  SEPTEMBER  U, 


CONTENTS.— No.  39. 

:— Descendants  of  Waldef  of  Cumberland,  241  — 
sr's  Letters,  242— Northburgh  Family,  244—"  Field 
rshall,  the  Lord  Itoberts,"  1644— Coleridge  Bibliography, 
— "  Bugrnan  "  —  Kirklington  Barrow  —  Robin  Hood's 
•ide  —  John  Laurence,  Writer  on  Gardening,  246  — 
Heacham  Parish  Officers — "Dago" — "Shroff" — Thomas 
Walker  in  Dublin,  217. 

QUBKIBS:— The  Tricolour,  247 —Wiltshire  Naturalist  — 
Fontninebleau— Bears  and  boars  in  Britain— Lemans  of 
Suffolk— Journal  of  the  House  of  Commons — A.  and  R 
Edgar  — Shakespeare  Autograph  — Countess  of  Carberry, 
248-The  Missing  Link-Daldy— Swift's  Gold  Snuff-box  — 
George,  P'ce  of  Salm  Salm— Pike  or  McPike— Gamage— 
Iktin— Dean  Milner,  249  —  Ser.jeantson  Family  — "Free 
trade  "=Smua:gling — "  Mass  meeting,"  250. 

BBPLIKS:— 'Goody  Two  Shoes,'  250— Port  Arthur— Ame- 
rican Yarn — Regiments  engaged  at  Boomplatz— "  Giving 
the  Hand"  in  Diplomacy,  251— Broom  Squires— Finchale 
Priory.  Durham  — " Vine"  Tavern,  Mile  End,  252  — 
Isabelline  as  a  Colour— Khaki— Desecrated  Fonts,  253— 
Portuguese  Pedigrees  —  Gwyneth  —  "  Tote  "  —  Rules  of 
Christian  Life  —  Documents  in  Secret  Drawers.  255  — 
Storming  of  Fort  Moro— Northern  and  Southern  Pronun- 
ciation— Shropshire  and  Montgomeryshire  Manors— Cape 
Dutch  Language,  2b* — Thomas  Pigott — Duchess  Sarah — 
Killed  by  a  Look— "Feed  the  brute  "—Bristol  Slave  Ships 
— Moral  Standards  of  Europe,  257  —  Anahuac  —  Philip 
Baker— Old  Testament  Commentary,  258. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— 'Barnstaple  Parish  Registers'  — 
Clifton's  French  Dictionary  —  '  Cupid  and  Psyche '- 
'Great  Masters' — Payne  on  Anglo-Saxon  Medicine  — 
'Clarence  King  Memoirs'— •  Old  Hendrik's  Tales'— •  The 
Folk  and  their  Word-Lore.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


grits, 

DESCENDANTS  OF  WALDEF 

OF  CUMBERLAND. 

THERE  seems  a  good  deal  of  confusion  in 
the  various  accounts  of  the  descendants  of 
Waldef.  the  brother  of  Dolphin  and  Gospatric. 
From  King  David's  charters  to  Coldingham 
in  1139  it  appears  that  Waldef  had  two  sons  : 
Alan  (of  Allerdale)  and  Gospatric  (Raine's 
'North  Durham,  Coldingham,'  ch.  xix.,  xx.). 
Gospatric,  son  of  Waldef,  is  also  mentioned — 
along  with  Gospatric  the  Earl — in  Malcolm 
the  Maiden's  confirmation  to  Dunfermlyn 
('Reg.  Dunfermlyn,'  p.  22).  According  to  a 
memorandum  quoted  by  Mr.  Joseph  Bain,  it 
appears  that  Gospatric  was  a  bastard  and 
received  the  lands  of  Bolton  and  others  from 
his  brother,  Alan  of  Allerdale  (Bain's  '  Calen- 
dar of  Doc.,'  ii.  p.  16).  My  interest  lies 
chiefly  in  the  line  of  this  Gospatric  of 
Bolton,  and  I  should  be  obliged  if  any  reader 
of  *  N.  <k  Q.'  would  clear  up  doubtful  points 
in  the  following  notes.  Gospatric  of  Bolton 
evidently  had  a  son  Waldef,  who  had  a 
daughter  Christiana,  who  was  heiress  of 
Bolton  in  Cumberland,  Burnham  in  Bucks, 
and  other  lands  in  Scotland  (Bain's  '  Calendar 
iof  Doc.,'  i.  No.  429).  This  lady  married 
Duncan  de  Lascelles,  and  her  paternity  is 
given  in  the  agreement  between  her  and 


Duncan  on  the  one  part  and  Hugh,  Abbot  of 
Jedburgh,   on   the  other  part.      It  is  there 
stated   that  her  father  was  Waldef,  son  of 
Gospatric.      It    is    clear    that    Christiana's 
father  could  not  have  been  Waldef  of  Cum- 
berland, from   the  age  of  her  daughter,  so 
that  he  must  have  been  son  of  Gospatric  of 
Bolton.*    In  1200-1  Christiana  and  Duncan 
de  Lascelles,  her  husband,  "account  for  101. 
for  having  her  land  of  Bolton  which  is  her 
heritage,  since  she  cannot  have  a  reasonable 
part  of    her  heritage    in    Scotland "  (ibid., 
No.  308).   There  are  many  documents  relating 
to  Christiana  and  her  husband,  and  the  two 
can  be  traced  in  Scottish  records.     Duncan 
was  son  of  Alan  de  Lascelles  by  his   wife 
Juliana  de  Sumerville  (who  was  her  father?), 
and  he  had  a  brother,  Alan  de  Lascelles,  who 
held  extensive  estates  in  Fife,  of  whom  anon. 
Dundkn  de  Lascelles,  mentioning  C[hristiana] 
his   wife,   made  a  small  grant  of  property 
which  Sir  Alexander  de  Moravia  confirmed  as 
if  he  were  his  heir  (*  Lib.  Prioratus  Sancte 
Andre,'  pp.  275,  340-1).     But  it  is   certain 
that  Duncan  and  Christiana  had  a  daughter 
and  heir,  for  in  1211-12  "  William  de  Briwere 
accounts  for  60  merks  and  one  palfrey  for  the 
marriage  of  Cristiana,  daughter  of  Duncan 
de  Lascelles,  with  half  of  the  vill  of  Burnham  " 
(Bain's  'Calendar  of  Doc.,'  i.  Nos.  490,  549). 
Again,  on  11  Feb.,  1220/1,  King  Henry  III. 
"  ordains  Robert  de  Veteripont  to  give  seizin 
to  William  de  Briwere,  who  has  the  ward  of 
the  land  and  heir  of  Duncan  de  Lascelles,  of 
the  wood  pertaining  to  the  Manor  of  Boolton 
as  Duncan  had  it  in   his    lifetime"  (ibid., 
No.   794).      It    being  thus  established   that 
Duncan  had  a  daughter  and  heir,  it  would  be 
interesting  to  trace  her  subsequent  history 
and  the  further  descent  of  the  lands.    The 
point  is  important,  because  it  will  throw  a 
sidelight  upon  the  way  in  which  the  Morays 
became  possessed  of  Duncan's  Scottish  lands. 
The  Morays    of    Skelbo  and   Culbin  also 
inherited  part  of  the  lands  of  Alan  de  Las- 
celles, the  brother  of  Duncan.  Alan  married  a 
ady  named  Amable  ('Lib.  Prioratus  de  Sancte 
Andre,'  p.  260),  whose  parentage  is  unknown 
;o  me,  but  I  have  a  jotting  from  the  Eyton 
MSS.  in  the  British  Museum  which  seems  to 
ndicate  that  she  was  Amabile  FitzDuncan, 

*  I  am  aware  that  Christiana  appears  on  record 
as  Christiana  de  Wyndleshore  and  that  she  calls 
Walter  de  Wyndleshore  her  brother.  The  above 
maternity  is  doubtful ;  she  may  have  married  a 
tVindsor  ?  A  Waldef,  son  of  Gospatric,  appears  in 
Scottish  records  who  could  not  be  Waldef,  after- 
wards Earl  of  Dunbar,  or  Waldef,  brother  of 
dolphin.  The  designation  "of  Cumberland"  is 
merely  for  identification.  Waldef  owned  land  iii 
Fife. 


242 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io»>  s.  n.  SEPT.  24, 1904. 


or  de  Luci.  Unfortunately  the  precise  re 
ference  has  been  mislaid,  and  the  entrie 
relating  to  the  FitzDuncan  family  are  sc 
numerous  and  disjointed  that  it  has  not  been 
recovered.  This  marriage  is  improbable,  be 
cause  there  is  no  reference  to  it  in  the  manj 
deeds  relating  to  the  FitzDuncan  estates 
but  it  is  not  impossible,  because  the  Lascelle* 
family  certainly  held  lands  formerly  pos 
sessed  by  William  FitzDuncan  in  Scotland 
Marjory,  the  daughter  and  heiress  of  Alar 
de  Lascelles,  must  have  been  born  between 
1175  and  1190.  She  married  Sir  Richard  d 
Moravia,  of  Skelbo  and  Culbin,  and  had  four 
sons  :  Sir  Alexander,  William,  Sir  Malcolm 
and  Sir  Patrick.*  Sir  Alexander  de  Moravia, 
as  "  son  and  heir  "  of  Sir  Eichard  and  Marjory 
confirmed  various  grants  made  by  his  grand- 
father Alan  de  Lascelles  and  his  grand-uncle 
Duncan  de  Lascelles.  Sir  AlexandeV  de 
Moravia  married  a  lady  called  Eva,  who 
after  his  death  married  Sir  Alexander  Cumin 
of  Badenoch.  So  far  as  I  can  trace,  the 
Morays  got  no  portion  of  the  English 
estates  of  the  Lascelles  family ;  but  it  is 
somewhat  curious  and  significant  that  the 
Morays  about  1284  seem  to  have  had  a  dis- 
pute with  the  Bruere  family.  At  least  a 
William  Bruere,  or  Burcer,  or  Burtere — he  is 
so  variously  designated — slew  a  William  de 
Moravia,  for  which  he  was  pardoned  in 
November,  1301  ('Calendar  of  Pat.  Roll, 
29  Edw.  I.,  p.  616 ;  Close  Rolls,  13  Edw.  L, 
p.  311).  The  Morays  of  Skelbo,  Culbin,  and 
afterwards  of  Pulrossie  have  been  totally  over- 
looked by  Scots  genealogists.  Yet  their 
pedigree  is  better  instructed  than  that  of  any 
other  branch,  and  it  will  be  found  that  it  is 
from  Culbin  that  the  Morays  of  Tullibardine, 
Drumsargard,  Annandale,  Polmaise,  Aber- 
cairney,  &c.,  descend.  D.  MUKRAY  ROSE. 


LETTERS  OF  WILLIAM  COWPER. 
(See  ante,  pp.  1,  42,  82, 122, 162,  203.) 

Pp.  177-9  :— 

Letter  19  [should  be  23]. 
0— ny  (Olney),  Apr.  4,  1772. 
MY  DEAR  COUSIN,— Your  letter  was  a  welcome 
messenger  of  glad  tidings  ;  -I  truly  rejoice  with  you, 
and  desire  to  join   you  in  praising  a  gracious  and 
merciful  God,  who,  though  He  chastens  us  sore, 
does  not  give  us  over  unto  death.     I  have  been  con- 
stantly mindful  of  you  in  my  prayers,   and  shall 
continue  to  be  so  ;  by  God's  help,  still  hoping  in  His 
mercy,  that  He  will  crown  the  dispensation  with 

*  This  was  the  Sir  Patrick  de  Moravia  who 
founded  a  monastery  at  Dornoch.  He  appears  in 
several  Northern  charters.  His  brother  Sir 
Malcolm  held  Beath. 


His  goodness,  and  finish  it  in  love.  The  last  sacn 
mental  opportunity  we  had,  the  Lord  was  please  1 
to  favour  me  with  much  liberty  in  pleading  ani 
wrestling  with  Him  for  my  dear  kinsman,  and  h:  j 
afflicted  mother.  I  can  truly  say,  my  soul  travaile  L 
in  birth,  with  his  soul,  and  that  I  never  desire  L  | 
my  own  salvation  more  feelingly,  than  I  was  thei 
strengthened  to  agonize  for  his.  I  could  plead  with 
him  for  that  precious  body  and  blood,  which  I  theh 
saw  exhibited  before  me,  that  he  might  be  admitted 
into  a  saving  participation  of  that  glorious  mystery, 
washed,  sanctified,  justified,  in  the  Name  of  the= 
Lord  Jesus,  and  by  the  Spirit  of  our  God.  Nor  did 
I  leave  the  throne,  till  I  received  a  comfortable  and 
sweet  assurance,  that  the  Lord  would  answer  us  in. 
peace,  and  in  the  truth  of  His  salvation. 

The  times  and  the  seasons  are  in  His  own  handj 
the  ways  and  means  entirely  under  His  disposal,! 
but  I  mention  this  experience,  in  hopes  that  it  may! 
be  made  a  comfort  to  you.  I  remember  it  was* 
comfortable  news  to  me,  when  I  was  at  Cambridge  J, 
attending  my  brother  in  his  last  illness,  to  hear  fronr 
Olney,  that  the  Lord  was  pleased  to  pour  out  a 
spirit  of  prayer  for  him,  and  the  event  answered, 
and  exceeded,  my  highest  expectations.  I  am  not 
the  only  one,  whom  a  gracious  God  is  employing 
upon  this  occasion,  to  plead  your  cause  in  this  place. 
My  dear  friend  Mrs.  U[nwin]  lays  it  much  to  heart, 
and  I  can  answer  for  Mr.  and  Mrs.  N[ewton],  that 
they  both  feel  for  you,  and  pray  continually  that 
an  abundant  blessing  may  spring  up  for  you  and 
yours  out  of  this  affliction. 

I  pray  God,  who  has  preserved  him  hitherto,  still 
to  preserve  him,  and  bring  him  home*  in  peace. 
How  I  shall  long  to  see  him  !  Surely  I  should 
embrace  him  as  a  brother,  and  more  than  a  brother, 
could  I  but  see  him  at  O—y  (Olney)  devoted  to  that 
Jesus,  who  gave  Himself,  I  trust,  for  him  and  for 
me.  May  he  come  home  in  the  best  sense,  home  to 
God,  and  home  to  the  Mediator  of  the  New  Cove- 
nant. Then,  after  having  been  tossed,  as  the  Lordt 
says,  like  a  ball  into  a  far  country,  he  shall  find  in- 
ihe  smiles  of  a  reconciled  God  and  Father,  what 
Dr.  Watts  calls, 

a  young  heaven  on  earthly  ground, 
And  glory  in  the  bud. 

Mrs.  Unwin  desires  me  to  present  her  Christian 
•espects  to  you.     She  has  mourned  with  you,  she 
jegins  to  rejoice  with  you,  and  will  accompany  you 
itep  by  step,   through  all  the  dispensation.    Mr. 
N[ewton]  speaks  of  calling  upon  you,  when  he  goes 
next  to  London,  for  he  takes  a  deep  interest  in  your 
concerns  upon  this  occasion.     My  dear  cousin,  may 
rle,  who  makes  the  widow's  heart  to  sing  for  joy,  bless 
fou  and  yours,  and  shine  upon  you  !    Let  the  men   ( 
)f  this  world  carve  it  out  amongst  themselves  ;  we   I 
vill  not  envy  them,  though  we  will  pity  and  pray  I 
or  them  :  but  may  we  and  ours,  have  our  portion  I 
n  God.     The  pearl  of  great  price  is  a  possession,  * 
vhich  makes  us  rich  indeed  ;  but  as  to  the  earth  and 
he  glory  of  it,  the  sound  of  the  last  trumpet  shall 
oon  shatter  it  all  to  pieces.    Then  happy  they,  and; 
nly  they,  who,  when  they  see  the  Lord  coming  in 
he  heavens  with  power  and  great  glory,  shall  be 
ble  to  say:   Lo,   this  is    our  God,  and  we  have 
waited  for  Him. 

Yours,  my  dear  cousin,  ever,  etc. 


*  Mrs.  Cowper's  note:  "  This  came  to  pass,  four- 
ears  after  !  viz.,  his  return." 
t  Isa.  xxii.  18. 


s.  ii.  SEPT.  24, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


24:3 


Pp.  184-6  :— 

Letter  17  to  my  mother  from  W.  C.,  dated  Olney, 
June  9,  1772. 

MY  DEAR  AUNT,— I  thank  you  for  your  kind  note, 
and  for  the  papers  you  was  so  good  as  to  send  me 
by  Mr.  N[ewton].  The  last  words  of  a  dying  saint, 
and  some  of  the  tirst  lispings  of,  I  trust,  a  living 
one  !  May  the  Lord  accomplish  the  work  He  seems 
to  have  begun,  and  sanctify  to  my  dear  kinsman, 
all  his  disappointments,  and  the  great  affliction 
with  which  He  has  seen  good  to  visit  him.  This  has 
been  my  prayer  for  him  every  day  since  I  was 
acquainted  with  his  troubles ;  except  at  some  times, 
when  my  own  soul  has  seemed  to  be  almost  swal- 
lowed up  in  spiritual  distress.  At  such  times  I  am 
forced  to  account  it  a  great  matter  if  I  can  groan 
out  something,  a  little  like  a  prayer,  for  myself.  I 
bless  God  I  can  say,  I  know  in  whom  I  have  be- 
lieved, and  am  persuaded  He  will  keep  me  ;  but, 
together  with  this  persuasion,  which,  one  would 
think,  would  smooth  the  roughest  road  of  life,  and 
make  a  paradise  of  a  desert,  I  have  temptations 
that  are  almost  ever  present  with  me,  and  shed  a 
thick  gloom  upon  all  my  prospect.  Sin  is  my 
burthen,  a  sure  token  that  I  shall  be  delivered  from 
its  remaining  power,  but  while  it  remains,  it  will 
oppress  me.  The  Lord,  who  chose  me  in  the  furnace 
of  affliction,  is  pleased  to  afford  the  tempter  a  large 
permission  to  try  me  :  I  think  I  may  say,  I  am  tried 
to  the  utmost,  or  nearly  to  the  utmost,  that  spiritual 
trials  can  amount  to :  and  when  I  think  of  the  more 
even  path  in  which  some  are  led  to  glory,  I  am 
ready  to  sigh  and  say:  Oh  that  the  lines  were  fallen 
unto  me  in  such  pleasant  places  !  In  my  judgement 
I  approve  of  all  I  meet  with,  see  the  necessity  there 
is  that  1  should  be  in  heaviness,  and  how  good  it  is, 
to  bear  the  yoke  of  adversity :  but  in  niy  experience 
there  is  a  sad  swerving  aside,  a  spirit  that  would 

g -escribe  to  the  only  wise  God,  ana  teach  Him  how 
e  should  deal  with  me.  I  weary  myself  with  in- 
effectual struggles  against  His  will,  and  then  sink 
into  an  idle  despondence,  equally  unbecoming  a 
soldier  of  Christ  Jesus.  A  seaman  terrified  at  a 
storm,  who  creeps  down  into  the  hold,  when  he 
should  be  busy  amongst  the  tackling  aloft,  is  just 
my  picture.  But  let  me  not  conceal  my  Master's 
goodness.  I  have  other  days  in  my  calendar  ;  days 
that  would  be  foolishly  exchanged  for  all  the 
monarchies  of  the  earth  !  That  part  of  the  wilder- 
ness I  walk  through,  is  a  romantick  scene,  there  is 
but  little  level  ground  in  it,  but  mountains  hard  to 
ascend,  deep  and  dark  valleys,  wild  torrents,  cavef 
and  dens  in  abundance  :  but  when  I  can  hear  my  Lord 
invite  me  from  afar,  and  say,  Come  to  me,  my  spouse 
come  from  the  Lebanon,  from  the  top  of  Amana 
from  the  lions'  dens,  from  the  mountains  and  the 
leopards,  then  I  can  reply  with  cheerfulness :  Be 
hold  I  come  unto  Thee,  for  Thou  art  the  Lord  mj 
God. 

I  beg  my  love  to  Mrs.  C[owper],  and  do  not  cease 
to  pray  for  her.      Remember  me  affectionately  t( 
Mrs.  M— d  [Maitland]  and  to  M— n  [Martin],  etc, 
when  you  see  them.    Believe  me,  my  dear  Aunt, 
Affectionately  yours  in  the  Lord,  etc. 

Pp.  186-9  :— 

Letter  20  [should  be  24]. 

Dated  July  14,  \"~2. 

MY  DEAR  COUSIN,— I   return   you  many  thank 
for  the  papers  Mr.  N[ewton]  brought  with  him. 


m  acquainted  with    those  deeps   through  which- 
our  son  has  passed,  and  can  therefore  sympathize- 
ith  him.    A  spirit  of  conviction  breathes  in  the 
rayers  he  left  behind  him  ;*  they  are  the  language 
I  a  soul  in  anguish  on  the  account  of  sin,  that 
nds  itself  a  guilty    creature,    helpless   as    it    is 
liserable,  and  under  a  necessity  of  seeking  pardon 
nd  peace  from  God.     While  it  was  thus  with  me, 
le  world,  which  till  then  had  satisfied  me,  could 
atisfy  me  no  longer  ;  I  found  it  was  a  mere  wilder- 
ess,    a   dark    uncomfortable  scene ;    the    face  of 
man  became  terrible  to  me,  and  I  could  not  bear  to 
meet  the  eye  of  a  fellow-creature.    The  distress  of 
Miy  poor  friend  seems  to  be  of  this  kind  :  'tis  true 
e  has  always  been  virtuous,  and  of  a  religious 
ast,  but  the  Lord,  in  order  to  shew,  that  persons 
f  all  characters,  have  equal  need  of  mercy,  and 
Jiat  all  are  amenable  to  His    holy    law,    having 
inned  and  come  short  of  His  glory,  deals  some- 
Imes  more  sharply  with  such  an  one,  than  with 
he  most  profligate  and    abandoned.    The    latter 
>erhaps  shall  be  drawn  gently  towards  Him  with  the 
ords  of  love,  whilst  the  sweet  and  amiable  amongst 
he  children  of  men,  shall  be  made  a  terror  to 
hemselves.    The  self-righteous  spirit  (which  such 
re  in  peculiar  danger  of)  must  be  humbled  in  the 
lust,  and  these,  as  well  as  others,  become  guilty 
>efore  God !   I  pity  him  therefore,  for  it  is  sad 
ndeed,  when  the  arrows  of  the  Almighty  stick  fast 
n  the  conscience,  and  His  hand  presseth  us  sore.   I 
enow  well  for  my  own  part,  (and  my  conduct  proved 
t)  that  rather  than  stand  at  the  bar  of  the  house, 
n  that  condition,  I  should  have  been  glad  of  a 
retreat  in  the  bowels  of  the  earth,  and  to  have  hid 
myself  in  the  centre  of  it.    God  knows  how  gladly 
'.  would  have  laid  down  my  existence  had  that  been 
)ossible  ;  and  that  I  should  have  shouted  for  joy,  at 
/he  thought  of  annihilation.    But  God  had  better 
things  in  store  for  me,  and  so,  I  doubt  not,  He  has  for 
ny  dear  namesake,  'twas  a  rough  way  by  which  He 
wrought  me  out  of  Egypt,  but  He  did  it  with  an 
outstretched  arm  ;  if  He  sees  that  affliction  is  good 
;or  us,  we  shall  find  it  ;  He  will  not  be  turned  aside 
:rom  His  purpose.     He  does  not  grieve  us  willingly, 
but  we  must  drink  the  cup  He  has  mixt  for  us  ;. 
and  when  we  have  done  so,  and  our  trouble  has 
had  its  due  effect,  He  will  reveal  His  compassion  to 
us,  and  convince  us,  that  He  pitied  us  all  the  while, 
and  made  our  burthen  heavy  only  because  He  had 
a  favour  towards  us.     Thus  He  dealt  with  me ;  and- 

thus,   I  trust,   He  will  deal  with  B .    In  the 

meantime,  my  dear  cousin,  we  have  much  to  praise 
Him  for.  How  kindly  did  the  Lord  provide  for  him- 
the  most  hospitable  reception  even  in  a  strange 
land,  and  how  did  He  watch  over  him  in  all  his 
way,  preserving  him  from  those  many  dangers  to 
which,  unattended  as  he  was,  he  was  continually 
exposed  !  I  don't  write  to  remind  you  of  these 
things,  for  I  dare  say,  you  have  no  need  of  such  a 
monitor,  but  I  mention  them  as  affording  a  ground 
of  much  encouragement  to  hope,  that  grace,  mercy 
and  peace  to  you  and  yours  shall  close  the  dispen- 
sation. 

You  may  depend  upon  my  taking  the  utmost  care 
of  the  papers,!  and  that  they  shall  be  returned  by 
the  first  safe  opportunity.  I  congratulate  you  upon 
G.'s  safe  arrival.  Give  my  love  to  him  and  to 
M— a,  and  believe  me,  affectionately  yours,  etc. 


*  Mrs.    Cowper's    note:    "See    p.    168." 
writing  on  this  page  is  blotted  out  utterly. 
f  See  John  Newton's  letter,  Aug.  8,  1772. 


The 


244 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  SEPT.  24,  im. 


Pp.  190-91  :— 

Letter  from  the  Rev.  Mr.  N[ewton]. 
Dated  Olney,  Aug.  8,  1772. 

MADAM,— When  you  receive  this,  I  shall  have 
fulfilled  my  promise,  of  returning  the  papers  you 
were  pleased  to  entrust  me  with,  as  likewise  Master 

M[aitland]'s    letters    for    Mrs.    M[ada]n I    was 

much  affected  with  reading  Master  M.'s  letters. 
What  remarkable  instances  of  the  power  and 
sovereignty  of  divine  grace,  will  be  found  amongst 

your  family  ! You  will  likewise  receive  a  written 

copy  of  Mr.  CJpwperJs  two  narratives,  which  I  beg 
the  favour  of  you  to  return  to  me  at  your  own  time. 
I  need  not  tell  you  that  I  highly  prize  it.  Indeed, 
I  account  it  the  most  valuable  book  in  my  study, 
and  could  not  part  with  it  out  of  my  house,  but  to 
persons  who  are  so  nearly  interested  in  their 
relation 

Pp.  191-2  :— 

Letter  from  the  same. 
Olney,  Nov.  4, 1772. 

If  you  please,  you  may,  at  your  leisure,  send 

the    narratives    directed    for    me Two*    such 

instances  [of  what  the  Lord  can  do]  and  in  your 
own  family,  are,  as  you  say,  well  suited  to  strengthen 
your  faith  and  hope  ;  but  that  they  really  do  so,  is 
a  proof  that  He  is  with  you  of  a  truth.  For,  if  we 
are  left  to  ourselves,  unbelief  can  withstand  the 
force  of  the  strongest  evidence. 
Pp.  204-5. 

Hymn   "by  Mr.  W.  C.  of  Olney.    Light 
shining  out  of  darkness.     '  God  moves  in  a 
mysterious  way.' "    Verse  5  ends  :— 
The  bud  may  have  a  bitter  taste, 
But  wait  to  smell  the  flower. 

P.  209. 

Hymn   "by  Mr.   W.   C.  of  Olney,   1773: 
"Tis  my  happiness  below.'"     Verse  2,  1.  7, 
"  Trials  lay  me  at  His  feet." 
Pp.  211-13. 

Letter  from  John  Newton,  Aug.,  1773, 
ending  with  Cowper's  hymn  "Hear  what 
God,  the  Lord,  hath  spoken."  Verse  1,  1.  2, 
"  O  my  people,  weak  and  few."  Verse  3, 1.  5, 
44  shining  o'er  you."  JOHN  E.  B.  MAYOK. 
Cambridge. 

(To  be  continued.) 


NORTHBURGH  FAMILY. 
MR.  C.  L.  KINGSFORD  in  the  'D.N.B.' 
suggests  that  Michael  de  Northburgh,  Bishop 
of  London  (1354-61),  may  have  been  a  nephew 
or  much  younger  brother  of  Roger  North- 
burgh,  Bishop  of  Lichfield  and  Coventry 
(1322-59),  his  reason  apparently  for  the 
suggestion  being  that  during  the  episcopate 
of  the  latter  the  former  was  presented  to  and 
held  a  number  of  prebends  at  Lichfield.  He 
also  mentions  four  other  members  of  the 


No  doubt  William  and  John  Cowper, 


family,  whose  names  he  gives  as  Peter, 
Richard,  Roger,  and  William,  who  occur 
among  the  prebendaries  of  Lichfield  during 
the  same  period  (see  Le  Neve's  *  Fasti,'  i. 
591-628).  He  further  suggests  that  the  family 
may  have  come  from  Norbury,  a  place  in 
Staffordshire,  and  not  very  far  removed  from 
Lichfield.  Is  there  any  other  evidence  in 
support  of  this  suggested  family  relationship, 
or  in  support  of  this  Norbury  being  the  place 
of  origin  of  the  family  ? 

We  have  a  mention  of  a  William  de  North  - 
burgo  (sic)  as  early  as  2  Edward  I.  (1274).  He 
was  one  of  the  King's  Justices,  and  on 
27  October  had  issued  to  him  and  another 
a  commission  to  try  a  plea  at  Lincoln  ('  Cal. 
Pat.  Rolls,'  Edw.  L,  vol.  i.  1272-81,  p.  71 ; 
Pat.  2  Edw.  L,  m.  2d).  In  the  'Calendar' 
just  referred  to  many  references  are  to  be 
found  to  him.  (In  the  index  to  this  volume 
his  name  is  given  as  Walter.)  Foss  says 

"that  he  is  only  mentioned  as  one  of  the  Justices 
appointed  in  3  Ed.  I.,  1275,  to  take  assizes  beyond 
the  Trent,  and  in  6  &  7  Ed.  I.  as  a  Justice  Itinerant 
in  several  counties,  and  again  in  that  character  at 
Lancaster  in  23  Ed.  I.,  but  apparently  in  reference 
to  a  plea  of  earlier  date  ('  Abb.  Rot.  Grig.,'  i.  92)." 

See  'The  Judges  of  England,  1066-1870. 
This  plea  of  earlier  date  may  be  one  heard 
before  him  in  3  Edward  I.  (1275), 'when  he 
appears  to  have  been  appointed  to  take  the 
Assize  of  Novel  Disseisin  touching  a  tenant 
at  Middleton  in  Lancashire  (Trans.  Lome, 
and  Ches.  Ant.  Soc.,  1899,  vol.  xvii.  p.  35). 
The  reference  given  in  the  Transactions 
here  referred  to  for  the  letters  patent  is 
3  Edward  I.,  35d.  In  the '  Calendar,'  however, 
there  is  only  one  patent  given  with  this 
reference,  and  it  does  not  relate  to  North- 
burgh. 

The  name  is  variously  spelt  Northburgh, 
Northburgo,  Nortburgo,  Norbury,  Northbury, 
and  Northbrook. 

In  1334  there  is  mention  of  a  Northburgh 
Castle  in  Ireland,  at  that  time  in  the  king's 
hands  by  reason  of  the  minority  of  the  heir 
of  William  de  Burgo,  Earl  of  Ulster,  tenant- 
in-chief  ('Cal.  Pat,  Rolls,'  Edw.  III.,  vol.  ii. 
1330-4,  p.  546  j  Pat.  8  Edw.  III.,  ^  p.  1, 
m.  15) ;  but  I  am  unaware  of  anything  to 
connect  the  family  with  this  castle.  It  may, 
however,  be  worth  noticing  that  in  1331, 
when  Michael  de  Northburgh,  Bishop  of 
London,  was  going  beyond  the  seas,  he  has 
letters  patent  nominating  a  John  de  Burgh 
one  of  his  attorneys  ('  Cal.  Pat.  Rolls/ 
Edw.  III.,  vol.  ii.  1330-4,  p.  180;  Pat. 
3  Edw.  III.,  p.  2,  m.  12).  He  may  or  may 
not  have  been  connected  with  William  de 
Burgo  mentioned  above. 


.  ii.  SEPT.  24, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


245 


In  Edward  III.'s  reign  there  appear  to 
have  been  many  Northburghs.  In  addition 
to  those  already  mentioned,  there  was  a 
Simon  de  Northburgh'  (sic),  who  in  1329  had 
licence  with  another  for  alienation  in  mort- 
main to  the  Abbot  and  Convent  of  Peter- 
borough of  their  reversion  to  certain  land  and 
premises  ('Gal.  Pat.  Rolls,'  Edw.  III.,  vol.  i. 
1327-30,  p.  463  ;  Pat.  3  Edw.  III.,  p.  2,  m.  9 ; 
see  also  'Cal.  Pat.  Rolls,'  Edw.  III.,  vol.  iv. 
1338-40,  pp.  249,  486  ;  Pat.  13  Edw.  III.,  p.  1, 
in.  15,  and  Pat.  20  Edw.  Ill,  p.  4,  m.  14);  and 
in  the  P.  R.  O.,  among  the  Cart.  Miscell. 
)f  the  Aug.  Off.  (No.  64),  is  an  indenture  be- 
tween the  Prior  and  Convent  of  St.  Michael 
:tra  Stamford  and  Symon  (sic)  de  North- 
>urge  (sic),  rector  de  Bernag'  (?),  dated  1337. 

In  1330  the  same  Simon  apparently  is  men- 
tioned in  conjunction  with  another  William 
de  Northburgh.  The  names  are  rather 
curious  :  "  William  do  Barbour,  son  of  Simon 
de  Northburgh,  and  Geoffrey  del  Botelerie, 
son  of  Richard,  son  of  William  de  North- 
burgh." A  pardon  was  granted  by  the  king, 
"  with  the  assent  of  the  prelates,  barons,  and 
other  magnates  of  the  realm,"  for  their 
deaths  ('Cal.  Pat.  Rolls,'  Edw.  III.,  vol.  i. 
1327-30,  p.  516  ;  Pat.  4  Edw.  III.,  p.  1,  m.  26). 
In  1331  there  is  a  pardon  to  William  de 
Northburgh,  of  Melton,  of  his  outlawry 
in  the  county  of  Huntingdon  for  non- 
appearance  before  the  Justices  of  the  Bench 
"in  the  late  king's  reign"  to  answer  touching 
a  plea  of  John  de  Segrave,  that  he  render 
account  for  the  time  when  he  was  bailiff  of 
the  said  John  in  Alkemondbury  ('  Cal.  Pat. 
Rolls,'  Edw.  III.,  vol.  ii.  1330-4,  p.  123; 
Pat.  5  Edw.  III.,  p.  1,  m.  2).  It  seems 
doubtful  if  he  can  be  the  same  William  who, 
together  with  others,  was  in  1334  appointed 
by  the  king  by  writ  to  make  inquisition  and 
hear  and  determine  the  contentions  between 
the  Mayor  and  citizens  of  York  and  the 
Abbot  of  York  ('Cal.  Pat.  Rolls,'  Edw.  III., 
vol.  iii.  1334-8,  p.  17  ;  Pat.  8  Edw.  III.,  p.  2, 
mm.  30  and  29). 

In  1331  there  was  a  Robert  de  Northburgh. 
"Parson  of  the  Church  of  Hoghton " 
(Haughton,  Staffordshire),  who  may  possibly 
have  been  a  brother  of  Michael,  Bishop  of 
London,  at  any  rate  he  was  granted  letters 
patent  at  the  same  time  that  he  was,  and  for 
the  same  reason,  namely,  because  he  was 
going  beyond  the  seas,  and  he  appointed  the 
same  two  men  (John  de  Burgh  and  Roger  de 
Melton)  his  attorneys  ('Cal.  Pat.  Rolls,' 
Edw.  III.,  vol.  ii.  1330-4,  p.  180;  Pat. 
3  Edw.  III.,  p;2,  m.  1-2). 

John  de  Northburgh  was  a  merchant 
apparently,  and  in  1334  had  licence  to  take 


400  quarters  of  wheat  without  the  realm  to- 
the  Duchy  (of  Aquitaine)  and  elsewhere 
beyond  the  seas,  to  make  his  profit  of,  not- 
withstanding any  prohibition  of  the  export 
of  corn  ('  Cal.  Pat.  Rolls,'  Edw.  III.,  vol.  ii. 
1330-4,  p.  539 ;  Pat.  8  Edw.  III.,  p.  1,  m.  20; 
see  also  'Cal.  Pat.  Rolls,'  Edw.  III.,  vol.  v. 
1340-3,  p.  471  ;  Pat.  16  Edw.  III.,  p.  2,  m.  37; 
and  see  pp.  480  and  507). 

Hugh  de  Northburgh  received  pardon  in 
1337  for  not  having  taken  the  order  of 
knighthood  by  a  specified  time  as  required 
by  the  proclamations  of  the  king,  and  he 
had  a  respite  from  taking  the  same  for  three- 
years  ('Cal.  Pat.  Rolls,'  Edw.  III.,  vol.  iii. 
1334-8,  p.  393 ;  Pat.  11  Edw.  Ill,  p.  1,  m,.  33). 

There  was  also  another  Master  Michael 
Northburgh,  known  as  Michael  de  North- 
burgh the  younger,  who  became  Canon  of 
Chichester  in  1354,  in  succession  to,  and  OD 
the  petition  of,  Michael  Northburgh,  on  his 
elevation  to  the  episcopate  ('  Papal  Petitions,' 
2  Innocent  VI.).  He  was  one  of  the  bishop's- 
executors.  He  appears  to  have  died  at 
Chichester,  and  his  will  was  proved  there  on 
14  Feb.,  1382  (Courtney  Reg.  ff  207b-208b). 
H.  W.  UNDERDOWN. 


;<  FIELD  MARSHALL,  THE  LORD  ROBERTS," 
1644.— In  the  diary  of  Symonds,  relating  the 
defeat  of  the  Parliamentary  forces  at  Lost- 
withiel  by  Charles  I.,  we  find  the  statement 
as  to  "  the  rebells  "  that  many  of  their  chief 
commanders  had  left  "by  sea,"  including 

'their  Field  Marshall,  the  Lord  Roberts."" 
It  is,  of  course,  Lord  Robartes  (not  a  very 
distinguished  officer)  who  is  intended,  but 
the  title  assigned  to  him  has  an  air  of 

prophecy. 

COLERIDGE  BIBLIOGRAPHY.  (See  ante,  p.  81.) 
—In  continuation  of  my  former  note  on  thia 
subject,  I  may  mention  that  I  have  just 
received  a  letter  from  Dr.  John  Louis  Haney, 
the  bibliographer  of  Coleridge,  who  informs- 
me  that,  having  considered  the  points  brought 
!orward  in  my  paper,  he  is  still  disposed  to 
relieve  that  I  was  right  in  my  original  de- 
scription of  the  pamphlet  of  'Poems.'  >Thi» 
Damphlet,  I  may  state,  is  made  up  of  a  single 
sheet,  folded  into  eight  leaves  or  sixteen 
mges.  As  the  title  occupied  one  leaf,  this, 
eft  only  fourteen  pages  available  for  the 
poems,  which  had  therefore  to  be  squeezed 
up  a  little,  all  unnecessary  matter,  such  as 
he  addition  to  the  verses  of  the  authorship, 
'By  S.  T.  Coleridge,  Esq.,"  being  omitted. 
The  letters,  after  a  large  number  of  copies 
lad  been  struck  off,  had  also  become  a  little 
out  of  order,  which  necessitated  the  locking 


246 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [10*  s.  n.  SEPT.  2*. 


•of  the  type  more  securely  in  the  chases.  This 
would  account  for  some  of  the  lines  being 
slightly  shorter — the  difference  never  exceeds 
the  sixteenth  of  an  inch — in  the  pamphlet 
than  in  the  original  issue.  The  small  typo- 
graphical variations  that  I  have  noted  are 
not  of  real  importance.  I  may  add  that  since 
I  wrote  my  paper  I  have  noticed  several  of 
the  same  description  in  other  books.  For 
instance,  in  the  third  part  of  'Hudibras,' 
which  was  first  published  in  1678,  on  p.  249 
the  numbering  is  perfect  in  the  earlier 
-copies,  whereas  in  the  later  ones  the  9  is 
very  badly  battered. 

Dr.  Haney  also  remarks  on  the  fact  that 
there  is  no  reference,  so  far  as  he  knows,  to 
the  pamphlet  of  'Poems'  in  the  letters  of 
^Coleridge  or  elsewhere.  If  any  one  had  gone 
to  the  expense  of  having  the  poems  reset 
after  the  type  of  the  '  Poetical  Register '  had 
been  distributed,  we  should  probably  have 
.heard  of  it.  W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

"BtJGMAN."— In  reference  to  replies,  9th  S. 
xi.  338,  411,  s.v.  'Bagman,'  the  following  is 
•of  interest.  I  may  add  that  the  present 
firm  of  "H.  Tiffin  &  Son,  bug  and  beetle 
destroyers,"  advertises  as  "established  100 
.years  " : — 

"  The  Abbe"  Gregoire  affords  another  striking 
proof  of  the  errors  to  which  foreigners  are  liable 
when  they  decide  on  the  language  and  customs  of 
another  country.  The  Abbe,  in  the  excess  of  his 
philanthropy,  to  show  to  what  dishonourable 
offices  human  nature  is  degraded,  acquaints  us  that 
at  London  he  observed  a  signboard  proclaiming 
the  master  as  tueur  des  punaises  de  sa  majeste! 
Bug-destroyer  to  his  majesty!  This  is  no  doubt 
the  honest  Mr.  Tiffin,  in  the  Strand;  and  the  idea 
which  must  have  occurred  to  the  good  Abb6  was, 
that  his  majesty's  bugs  were  hunted  by  the  said 
destroyer  and  taken  by  hand  — and  thus  human 
nature  was  degraded."— D'Israeli's  'Curiosities  of 
Literature,'  twelfth  edition,  1841,  p.  117. 

ADRIAN  WHEELEE. 

KIRKLINGTON  BARROW.  (See  ante,  p.  219.) 
— In  the  kindly  notice  you  give  of  Yorkshire 
Notes  and  Queries  at  the  above  reference 
there  is  an  error  which  perhaps  you  will 
allow  me  to  point  out.  The  barrow  was 
stated  (in  Yorkshire  Notes  and  Queries  for 
August)  to  have  been  opened  in  August, 
1903,  whereas  you  say  it  "  took  place  about 
•ten  years  ago."  This  is  a  mistake. 

In  connexion  with  the  opening  of  the 
Harrow  there  is  one  point  that  has  not  yet 
been  made  public.  My  friend  Mr.  H.  B. 
M'Call,  author  of  the  '  Wandesford  Family 
of  Kirklington,'  who  discovered  the  barrow 
and  superintended  the  excavations,  subse- 
quently pieced  together  the  different  por- 
tions of  the  cinerary  urns  found  therein, 


and,  having  had  a  suitable  case  made  as 
a  receptacle,  deposited  them  therein  along 
with  other  interesting  relics  found  in  the 
barrow,  and  presented  the  case  and  contents 
to  the  village  club  at  Kirklington,  having 
first  written  and  affixed  to  each  article  a 
description  and  the  date  when  found.  This 
laudable  work  may  well  be  followed  by 
others.  CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LLD., 

Editor  Yorkshire  Notes  and  Queries. 
Bradford. 

ROBIN  HOOD'S  STRIDE.— This  curious  pile 
of  rocks  may  be  found  not  far  from  Stanton- 
in-the-Peak.  I  can  find  no  mention  of  the 
hill  which  it  crowns  having  .been  noted  as 
being  a  prehistoric  fort,  but  on  the  north- 
west side  there  remain  very  clear  traces  of 
a  double  rampart  and  ditch,  while  a  number 
of  circular  foundations  suggest  the  remains 
of  round  stone  huts  such  as  may  be  found  in 
great  numbers  on  the  hills  above  Rothbury 
in  Northumberland. 

Not  far  from  Robin  Hood's  Stride  is  the 
"  Castle  Ring,"  a  splendid  example  of  a 
British  fort  with  a  ring  of  hut  foundations 
close  to  and  following  the  line  of  the  inner 
rampart.  Probably  there  was  some  con- 
nexion between  the  two.  There  is  a  good 
spring  of  water  in  the  "Castle  Ring,"  but 
I  could  find  no  sign  of  a  spring  at  the 
4 'Stride,"  which  may  have  been  occupied  by 
a  small  garrison  as  a  look-out  post  with  a 
line  of  retreat  to  the  more  important  works 
on  the  neighbouring  hill.  If  there  is  any 
connexion  between  these  forts  and  the  stone 
circle  in  Nine  Stones  Close  hard  by,  I  am 
inclined  to  refer  them  to  a  very  high  anti- 
quity ;  but  more  probably  the  circle  was 
there  before  the  forts  were  constructed. 

FRED.  G.  ACKERLEY. 

JOHN  LAURENCE,  WRITER  ON  GARDENING. — 
The  following  notes  have  been  put  together 
too  late  for  the  forthcoming  volume  of  errata 
in  the  'D.N.B,'  The 'D.N.B.' makes  Laurence 
"a  native  of  Stamford  Barnard,  Northamp- 
tonshire." He  was -a  native  of  St.  Martin, 
Stamford  Baron,  of  which  parish  his  father 
was  vicar.  The  'D.N.B/  states  that  he 
"entered  at  Clare  Hall,  Cambridge,  20  May, 
1665,  and  graduated  B.A.  in  1668."  These 
dates  are  too  early  by  twenty  years.  The 
admission  book  of  Clare  shows  that  he  was 
admitted  20  May,  1685,  and  he  graduated 
B.A.  in  1688,  M.A.  in  1692  (cf.  'Graduati 
Cantabrigienses,  1659-1823').  The  'D.N.B/ 
gives  a  list  of  his  "chief  works,  apart  from 
sermons,"  which  leaves  out  his  '  Apology  for 
Dr.  Clarke.'  This  was  published  anony- 
mously, but  Laurence's  authorship  is  ex- 


io<»  s.  ii.  SEPT.  24, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


247 


toressly  affirmed  by  his  intimate  friend 
AVilliamWhiston(Whiston,  'Memoirs,' p.  250; 
cf.  Halkett  and  Laing,  *  Dictionary  of  Anony- 
mous Literature  ')•  The  'D.N.B.'  attributes 
[to  Laurence  a  work  *  On  Enclosing  Commons,' 
published  in  1732.  He  does  not  appear  to 
nave  published  any  separate  work  on  that 
subject ;  but  some  references  to  it  in  the 
'New  System  of  Agriculture,'  published  in 
1726,  caused  John  Cowper  to  publish  in  1732 

an  essay  "proving  that  inclosingcommons 

is  contrary  to  the  interest  of  the  nation,  in 
which  some  passages  in  the  *  New  System  of 

Agriculture,'  by  J.  L ,  are  examined." 

G.  O.  BELLEWES. 
6,  Crown  Office  Row,  E.-C. 

HEACHAM  PARISH  OFFICERS. — I  have  just 
been  glancing  at  the  Heacham  Vestry  Minute- 
book  for  the  years  1846-94.  Between  the 
former  year  and  1865  "Pindars"were  regularly 
appointed — sometimes  one,  but  more  generally 
two— whose  duty  consisted  in  looking  after 
the  pound.  There  is  a  record  that  the  village 
pound  was  still  flourishing  in  1871,  and  the 
lord  of  the  manor  was  appealed  to  at  that 
date  to  stop  some  nuisances  committed  there. 
For  a  short  period  the  road  surveyors  are 
termed  "  Way  Wardens  ";  and  the  Dyke  Reeve 
exists  to  this  present  day.  Though  the  need 
for  parish  constables  has  long  ceased  to  exist, 
the  overseers  still  appoint  one  annually.  It 
is  pleasant  to  find  survivals  of  old  institu- 
tions, even  though  their  use  has  disappeared. 
HOLCOMBE  INGLEBY. 

Heacham. 

"  DAGO."— I  was  told  lately  in  the  United 
States  that  a  person  who  cannot  speak 
English  intelligibly  is  called  a  "Dago,"  while 
those  who  can  are  known  in  distinction  as 
"white  men."  Therefore,  paradoxically,  a 
black  man  may  be  a  white  man. 

R.  BARCLAY-ALLARDICE. 

Lostwithiel,  Cornwall. 

"SHROFF":  "SHROFFAGE."  — The  diction- 
aries that  include  these  wonds  are  behind  the 
times  with  their  meanings  as  regards  parts 
of  China.  The  "shroff,"  besides  ringing 
dollars  and  other  coins  to  see  if  they  are 
good,  may  act  as  com prad ore's  deputy,  tally 
•coolie  work,  see  merchandise  accepted  by  the 
buyers  or  superintend  its  weighing,  take 
•charge  of  coolies'  wage-books  or  oversee  their 
•work,  collect  accounts,  or,  in  short,  perform 
any  work  that  a  clerk  or  deputy-foreman 
would  do. 

"Shroffage"  also,  in  parts  of  China,  means, 
in  addition  to  its  primary  sense  of  the  act  of 
ringing  money,  cost  of  shroff's  services,  as 


in  the  expression,  taken  from  a  statement  of 
accounts,  "shroffage  and  postage." 

DUH  AH  Coo. 
Hongkew. 

THOMAS  WALKER  IN  DUBLIN.— In  his 
account  of  the  opening  of  the  ill-fated  Rains- 
ford  (properly  Ransford)  Street  Theatre,  in 
his  'Romance of  the  Irish  Stage '  (vol.  i.  p.  14), 
Mr.  Fitzgerald  Molloy  on  one  vital  point 
flagrantly  misreads  Chetwood,  the  sole 
authority  on  the  subject.  It  is  absurd  to 
say  that  Thomas  Walker,  the  original  Capt. 
Macheath,  was  the  manager  of  a  Dublin 
theatre  opened  in  1732.  From  1730  to  1733 
continuously  Walker  was  acting  in  London 
under  Rich,  either  at  Lincoln's  Inn  Fields  or 
Covent  Garden.  In  giving  his  account  of 
the  genesis  of  the  Ransford  Street  Theatre, 
built  under  a  licence  from  the  Earl  of  Meath, 
Chetwood,  in  his  'General  History  of  the 
Stage'  (p.  64),  says  nothing  about  the  manage- 
ment beyond  the  fact  that  the  company  was 
"under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Husband,"  but 
in  a  foot-note  he  adds  : — 

"I  saw  a  Licence  granted  by  that  worthy  Noble- 
man [Chaworth,  Earl  of  Meath]  to  the  late  Mr. 
Thomas  Walker,  Comedian,  for  Forty  pounds  per 
Annum ;  which  Sum  was  meant  to  be  given  to  the 
poor  in  the  Earl  of  Meath's  Liberty :  a  pious  Ex- 
ample ! " 

The  licence  here  referred  to  is  now  in  the 
Earl  of  Meath's  possession  at  Kilruddery,  and 
bears  date  1742-3.  Possibly  it  was  Walker's 
intention  to  reopen  the  old  Ransford  Street 
house,  but  it  is  doubtful  whether  the  grant 
was  ever  acted  upon.  No  evidence  exists  to 
show  that  Walker  was  the  manager  of  any 
Dublin  theatre,  but  he  had  certainly  been  in 
the  Irish  capital  for  some  little  time  previous 
to  his  death  there  on  5  June,  1744. 

W.  J.  LAWRENCE. 


(tatties* 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

THE  TRICOLOUR.  (See  2nd  S.  vi.  164,  198, 
214,  335  ;  viii.  192,  218  •  7th  S.  ix.  384,  415  ;  x. 
157,  174,  210,  314;  8th  S.  v.  165,  231.)— In  the 
hall  of  the  official  residence  of  the  Admiral 
Superintendentof  Devonport  Dockyard  hangs 
a  large  sea  battle-piece,  the  property  of  the 
Admiralty.  It  is  doubly  noteworthy.  One 
of  the  two  battleships  of  the  foe,  flying  the 
large  White  Ensign  of  the  late  monarchy  of 
France,  has  the  tricolour  at  her  foremast, 
showing  the  colours  vertical  and  in  the  order 


248 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      cio*  s.  n.  SEPT.  21, 


of  the  present  tricolour  of  France.  The 
stern  of  one  of  the  English  battleships  flying 
St.  George's  Cross  is  decorated  with  an  im- 
mense coloured  carving  of  the  Virgin  and 
Child.  Did  James  II.  ever  adopt  this  cus- 
tom? or  is  it  a  ship  captured  at  any  time 
from  Spain  ?  or,  again,  imaginary  ?  D. 

WILTSHIRE  NATURALIST,  c.  1780.— Perhaps 
some  Wiltshire  reader  can  tell  me  the  name 
of  the  author  of  "  A  Discourse  on  the  Emigra- 
tion of  British  Birds,  &c.,  by  a  Naturalist,'" 
which  was  published  at  Salisbury  in  1780 
(cf.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.).  He  resided  at  Market 
Lavington,  and  he  speaks  of  a  'History  of 
British  Birds  '  which  he  had  written,  that  was 
"  now  going  to  the  press,  and  will  appear  in 
a  short  time."  I  have  not  been  able  to  ascer- 
tain that  it  ever  came  out.  Some  copies  of 
the  '  Discourse '  (one  of  which  is  before  me) 
were  issued  by  John  Bramby,  33,  Castle 
Street,  Leicester  Square,  in  1814,  with  a  new 
title-page,  and  the  name  of  George  Edwards 
as  author.  This  ascription  was  merely  the 
bookseller's  trick  to  palm  off  his  dead  stock, 
Edwards  being  the  author  of  a  once-popular 
book  on  birds.  C.  W.  SUTTON. 

Manchester. 

[According  to  Halkett  and  Laing  the  author  was 
George  Edwards.  ] 

FONTAINEBLEAU.  —  Is  there  any  English 
literature  bearing  upon  the  history  of 
Fontainebleau  1  I  can  find  very  little  sub- 
stantial information  in  French  writings  as 
to  the  growth  and  origin  of  the  forest.  Being 
anxious  to  collect  all  possible  information  on 
this  subject,  I  should  be  most  grateful  for 
any  help  from  your  readers.  S.  F.  G. 

Paris. 

BEARS  AND  BOARS  IN  BRITAIN. — Can  any- 
body give  me  an  opinion  as  to  the  latest 
date  at  which  bears  and  boars  ran  wild  in 
these  islands?  I  note  that  in  'Chambers's 
Encyclopaedia'  it  is  said  that  the  former 
were  not  exterminated  in  Scotland  before 
the  latter  part  of  the  eleventh  century. 
What  is  the  authority  for  this  statement1? 

G.  S.  C.  S. 

LEMANS  OF  SUFFOLK.— In  an  old  document 
I  came  across  the  following  paragraph  : — 

"  The  Leemans  of  Croft,  Lincolnshire,  claim  to  be 
descended  from  Sir  John  Leman's  eldest  nephew, 
John.  This  nephew  had  a  son  John,  who  again  had 
four  sons,  the  eldest  of  whom  was  called  after  him, 
and  to  whom  he  left  the  bulk  of  his  property, 
cutting  off  the  other  three  sons,  Robert,  William, 
and  Thomas,  with  20-s.  each.  These  three  sons  settled 
in  Lincolnshire/' 

I  have  been  unable  to  trace  the  will  spoken 
of  here,  but  have  ascertained  that  Sir  John's 


elder  brother  spelt  his  name  Leeman,  by  th 
Beccles  register.  Have  any  of  your  reader 
come  across  anything  referring  to  it1? 

W.  J.  L. 

JOURNAL  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  COMMONS.— 
In  a  recent  auction  sale  some  documents  wer 
described  as  pages  u  taken  from  the  Journa 
of  the  House  of  Commons  "  ;  amongst  others! 
two  or  three  of  contemporary  writing,  dated 
1640-1641,  small  folio.     One,  paged  189,  is  a 
petition    of    Lord   Strafford   relating  to  his 
trial.     Has   the    Journal  of    the    House    of 
Commons  at  any  time  been  robbed  of  these 
pages  ?  Or  are  these  documents  merely  tran- 
scripts from  the  official  Journal  ?   They  have 
certainly  been  bound  together  at  some  time. 

T.  C.  HARTLEY. 

ALEXANDER  AND  R.  EDGAR. — I  should  be 
glad  to  obtain  information  concerning  Alex- 
ander Edgar,  who  was  admitted  to  West- 
minster School  in  1766,  and  R.  Edgar,  who 
was  admitted  there  in  1810.  I  believe  they 
came  from  Bristol,  and  that  an  Alexander 
Edgar  was  Mayor  of  that  city  in  1787. 

G.  F.  R.  B. 

SHAKESPEARE  AUTOGRAPH. — Ever  since  the 
first  query  appeared  (1st  S.  x.  443)  upon  this 
deeply  absorbing  subject,  a  number  of  so- 
called  Shakespeare  autographs  have  received 
attention  in  the  columns  of  '  N.  &  Q.,J  but  I( 
have  not  traced  mention  of  the  following. 

In  1864  one  Partridge,  a  bookseller  u\ 
Wellington,  Salop,  bought  from  a  labouring 
man  for  the  sum  of  eighteenpence  a  black- 
letter  Prayer  Book,  dated  1596.  At  the  time 
of  purchase  neither  buyer  nor  seller  had  any 
idea  that  there  was  anything  remarkable 
about  the  volume.  Upon  collating  it  Part- 
ridge found  two  signatures  of  William- 
Shakespeare,  and  a  third  was  afterwards 
discovered  by  Toulmin  Smith,  to  whom  the 
volume  was  sent.  Partridge  duly  advertised 
the  item  in  his  catalogue  at  three  hundred 
pounds,  and  at  once  sold  it,  the  buyer 
evidently  sharing  the  general  belief  in  the 
genuineness  of  the  signatures. 

There  are  many  besides  the  writer  who 
would  be  glad  to  know  the  present  where- 
abouts of  the  Prayer  Book.  WM.  JAGGARD. 

139,  Canning  Street,  Liverpool. 

COUNTESS  OF  CARBERRY.— In  a  delightful, 
though  not  new  book  by  Sarah  Orne  Jewett, 
'The  Country  of  the  Pointed  Firs,'  the  author 
mentions  a  chat  with  one  of  her  neighbours 
in  the  little  Maine  hamlet,  who  tells  her  of  a 
recent  death.  Capt.  Wilkinson  says:  "She 
has  gone  very  easy  at  the  last,  I  was  informed. 
She  slipped  away  as  if  she  was  glad  of  the 


io'»  s.  ii.  SEPT.  •_>*, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


249 


opportunity."  The  writer  comments:  "I 
thought  of  the  Countess  of  Carberry,  and 
felt  that  history  repeats  itself."  Will  some 
one  explain  this  allusion  to  me  ?  M.  C.  L. 

New  York. 

[The  allusion  is  perhaps  to  Frances,  Countess  of 
Carbery,  whose  funeral  sermon  was  preached  by 
Jeremy  Taylor.] 

THE  MISSING  LINK.— The  following  para- 
graph from  the  Dnili/  Chronicle  of  10  August 
is  perhaps  worth  a  corner  iu  'N.  &  Q.': — 

"  A  German  traveller  claims  to  have  discovered 
in  the  forests  of  Borneo  a  people  who  still  wear  the 
tail  of  our  primitive  ancestors.  He  does  not  write 
from  hearsay  ;  he  has  seen  the  tail.  It  belonged  to 
a  child  about  six  years  old  sprung  from  the  tribe  of 
Poenans.  As  nobody  could  speak  the  Poenan  tongue, 
the  youngster  could  not  be  questioned;  but  there 
was  his  tail  sure  enough,  not  very  long,  but  flexible, 
hairless,  and  about  the  thickness  of  one's  little 
linger." 

This  is  not  signed  Dalziel  or  Laffan,  but 
comes  from  *The  Office  Window'  of  a  highly 
respectable  paper.  What  say  the  learned 
but  tailless  scientists  to  this?  Is  it  possible 
that  the  German,  either  spectacled  or  some- 
what blind,  saw  a  perfectly  natural  naked 
boy  and  made  a  preposterous  mistake  ? 

NE  QUID  NIMIS. 

DALDY. — What  earlier  forms  are  there  of 
this  surname?  Can  b  change  to  d,  and  is 
Dalby  another  form  ?  Dun  AH  Coo. 

SWIFT'S  GOLD  SNUFF-BOX.— Inside  a  gold 
snuff-box,  formerly  belonging  to  Dean  Swift, 
are  pp.  137-9  of  some  magazine  containing 
an  article  entitled  '  A  Pinch  of  Snuff  from 
Dean  Swift's  Box/  with  two  illustrations  of 
the  box.  I  shall  be  glad  to  learn  the  name 
and  date  of  the  magazine  in  which  this 
article  appeared.  H.  W.  B. 

"GEORGE,  P'CE  OF  SALM  SALM."—  May  I 
repeat  (see  7th  S.  ix.  369,  415)  the  request  for 
information  as  to  the  person  who,  as  a 
witness,  thus  signed  the  marriage  register 
at  Dummer,  in  Hants,  on  7  August,  1794? 
According  to  'Recollections  of  the  Vine 

Hunt'  (1865),  "about  the  year  1795 there 

was  lodging  at Dummer  in  obscurity,  and  I  fear 
in  poverty,  a  German  prince";  and  the  author 
goes  on  to  relate  an  episode  of  his  father's 
time,  in  which  this  foreigner  figured,  and  it 
is  reasonable  to  identify  him  with  the  witness 
of  the  register.  Was  George  a  true  man  or 
an  impostor?  The  Salm  succession  is  briefly 
as  follows  : — 

William  Florentine,  d.  1707. 

Nicolas  Leopold,  d.  1770  (succeeded  to  both 
Salms,  1738). 

Maximilian,  d.  1773.  His  brothers  were 
Otto  Karl,  d.  1778,  and  William  Florentine, 


d.  1810  (Bishop  of  Tournay  and  Bishop  of 
Prague). 

Constantino  Alexander,  d.  1828. 

The  Prince  of  Salm  Salm  from  c.  1773  to 
1828  being  this  Constantino  Alexander,  the 
title  of  George  in  1794  requires  verification. 
Constantino  Alexander  in  1826  wanted  to 
become  a  Protestant.  This  led  to  a  con- 
troversy, a  long  account  of  which  was  pub- 
lished (including  an  English  translation  from 
the  French)  in  1827.  In  his  own  letters,  as 
printed  therein,  Constantino  Alexander 
states  that  he  was  an  exile  for  twenty-five 
years,  but  where  he  lived  is  not  mentioned. 
He  was  restored,  as  a  mediatized  prince,  by 
the  Treaty  of  Vienna,  1815.  His  third  wife, 
Catherine  Bender,  was  a  Protestant.  She 
may  have  been  an  Englishwoman  ;  she  tried 
to  prevent  her  husband's  change  in  religion. 
That  he  was  an  JmigrJ  may  be  explained  by 
his  office  of  hereditary  colonel  of  the  Salm 
Salm  regiment,  which  was  in  the  service  of 
the  kings  of  France  for  some  time. 

C.  S.  WARD. 

PIKE  OR  McPiKE.  (See  ante,  pp.  61,  109.)— 
DR.  MURRAY'S  very  interesting  notes  give 
me  an  opportunity  to  make,  with  the  Editor's 
permission,  an  inquiry  as  to  the  origin  of  the 
Scottish  surname  Pike  or  McPike.  Authori- 
ties differ  ;  some  say  it  is  derived  from  the 
fish,  others  assert  it  comes  from  the  spear  so 
called.  Recently  I  came  across  the  spelling 
McPeak,  which  is,  perhaps,  a  variation  of 
my  surname.  James  McPeak  figures  in  the 
i§  lists  of  persons  renouncing  allegiance  to 
Great  Britain  and  swearing  allegiance  to  the 
Commonwealth  of  Virginia."  He  is  shown 
as  of  Henry  County,  Virginia.  See  the 
Virginia  Magazine  of  History  and  Biography, 
vol.  ix.  p.  12  (Richmond,  1902). 

EUGENE  FAIRFIELD  McPiKE. 
Chicago,  U.S. 

GAM  AGE. — I  am  anxious  to  ascertain  the 
parentage  and  family  of  William  Dick 
Gamage,  who  commanded  the  East  India 
Company's  ship  Belmont.  He  married  at 
Calcutta,  22  April,  1781,  Miss  Jane  Steward, 
and  died  on  board  the  Belraont,  2  April,  1793. 
I  am  also  desirous  of  ascertaining  his  wife's 
parentage.  J.  CUMMING  DEWAR. 

New  Club,  Edinburgh. 

IKTIN.-  In  Book  V.  of  Diodorus  a  place- 
name  occurs  in  the  accusative  as  Iktin 
(" onoraazomenen  do  Iktin").  Will  some 
scholar  tell  me  what  is  the  nominative  form 
of  this  place-name  ?  GREGORY  GRUSELIER. 

DEAN  MILNER.— Was  Dr.  Milner,  Dean  of 
Carlisle  and  President  of  Queens'  College, 


350 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,      [io«>  s.  n.  SEPT.  24, 1904. 


Cambridge,  who  died  1820,  connected  with 
the  Yorkshire  family  of  which  Sir  F.  Milner, 
Bart.,  M.P.,  is  at  present  the  head  ?  If  so, 
what  was  the  relationship?  I  notice  that 
the  arms  of  the  dean  under  his  engraved 
portrait  and  the  arms  of  Sir  Frederick  are 
both  charged  with  three  snaffle  bits. 

J.  T. 
Beckenham. 

SERJEANTSON  FAMILY  OF  HANLITII,  YORKS. 
— Can  any  of  your  readers  give  me  in- 
formation with  regard  to  the  earlier  history 
of  this  family,  who  have  been  settled  at 
Hanlith,  in  the  parish  of  Kirkby-Malham, 
Yorks,  since  1357  ?  They  were  tenants  of  the 
manor  in  1375,  and  paid  the  Poll  Tax  in  1379. 
At  the  beginning  of  the  sixteenth  century 
they  were  tenants  of  the  Abbot  of  Bolton, 
who  was  lord  of  one  of  the  two  manors  into 
which  the  parish  was  divided. 

R.  M.  SERJEANTSON. 

St.  Sepulchre's,  Northampton. 

"FREE  TRADE "= SMUGGLING.  — When  was 
this  term  first  employed  as  a  euphemism  for 
smuggling  1 

[The  earliest  instance  in  the  'N.E.D.'  is  1824, 
from  Scott's  '  Redgauntlet,'  ch.  xiii.  j 

"  MASS  MEETING."— When  does  this  term 
appear  1  Daniel  O'Connell's  campaigns  were 
famous  for  their  "  aggregate  meetings." 

MEDICULUS. 

[Mass-meeting  is  in  Annandale's  'Imperial  Dic- 
tionary,' 1882,  but  without  any  illustrative  quota- 
tion. The  '  Encyclopaedic  Dictionary,'  1896,  says : 
'*  Mass-meetings  were  first  talked  of  in  the  political 
campaign  of  1840,  when  Harrison  was  elected  Pre- 
sident of  the  United  States.  The  expression  has 
since  become  naturalized  in  England."] 


'GOODY  TWO  SHOES.' 

(10th  S.  ii.  167.) 
A  PHOTOGRAPHIC  facsimile  of  the  third  or 
1766  edition  of 'Goody Two-Shoes' — which  can 
scarcely  be  called  a  fairy  tale,  though  there 
are  some  ghost  stories  in  it — was  issued  in 
1882  by  Messrs.  Griffith  &  Farran,  under  the 
editorship  of  Mr.  Charles  Welsh.  Mr.  Welsh'* 
introduction  gives  all  the  information  which 
it  was  possible  to  collect  regarding  the  little 
book,  and  brings  forward  some  evidence  t 
show  that  it  might  possibly  have  been  written 
by  Oliver  Goldsmith.  A  more  likely  candi 
date  for  the  honour  of  authorship  appears  t< 
have  been  Mr.  Giles  Jones,  the  grandfathe 
of  the  late  Mr.  Winter  Jones,  of  the  British 
Museum,  who  is  stated  in  Nichols's  « Literary 


necdptes '  to  have  written  this  book,  as  well 
s  *  Giles  Gingerbread,3  'Tommy  Trip,'  and 
ther  popular  little  works  that  were  issued 
iy  John  Newbery. 

It  has  not,  I  think,  been  noticed  that 
Joody  Two -Shoes  was  a  cant  term  for  a 
ather  bad-tempered,  but  notable  housewife 
hundred  years  before  Newbery  issued  his 
ittle  book.  Charles  Cotton,  in  his  burlesque 
)oem  '  A  Voyage  to  Ireland,'  wrote  : — 

now  into  th'  Pottage  each  deep  his  Spoon  claps, 
A.S  in  truth  one  might  safely  for  burning  one's  chaps 
A^hen  streight,  with  the  look  and  the  tone  of  a  Scold, 
Distress  May'ress  complain'd  that  the  Pottage  was 

cold, 

A.nd  all  long  of  your  fiddle-faddle,  quoth  she  ; 
Why,  what  then,  Goody  two-shoes,  what  if  it  be? 
lold  you,  if  you  can,  your  tittle-tattle,  quoth  he. 
Cotton's  '  Poems,'  ed.  1689,  p.  184 ;  ed.  Tutin, 
1903,  p.  127. 

W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

See  'A  Bookseller  of  the  Last  Century,'  by 
Charles  Welsh,  pp.  95-7  (London,  1885),  and 
:  Goody  Two  Shoes  :  a  Facsimile  Reproduc- 
ion  of  the  Edition  of  1766,  with  an  Intro- 
duction   by     Charles    Welsh,    giving    some 
Account  of  the  Book,  and  some  Speculations 
as  to  its  Authorship"  (London,  1881).    Mr. 
Welsh  is  of  opinion  that  Goldsmith  was  the 
author,  but  says  that  "  Mr.  J.  M.  W.  Gibbs 
n  his    new  edition  of   Goldsmith  ('Bonn's 
Standard   Library ')   attributes    the  preface 
only  to  him,  and  is  disposed  to  believe  that 
book  is  by  another  hand,  probably  that 
of  Newbery  himself."  WM.  H.  PEET. 

Many  of  Goldsmith's  effusions,  hastily 
penned  in  those  moments  of  exigency  with 
which  he  was  so  familiar,  were  published 
anonymously,  and  never  claimed.  Some  of 
them  had,  in  Washington  Irving's  time,  but 
recently  been  traced  to  his  pen,  while  of  many 
the  true  authorship  will  probably  never  be 
discovered.  See  '  Oliver  Goldsmith,'  by 
Washington  Irving,  1850. 

J.    HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

For  two  very  long  articles  on  *  Goody  Two 
Shoes  and  the  Nursery  Literature  of  the 
Last  Century '  (eighteenth),  see  4th  S.  viii.  510 ; 
ix.  15.  EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

There  is  a  lack  of  authentic  information 
as  to  whether  the  true  author  of  'Goody 
Two  Shoes'  is  Goldsmith  or  Newbery.  Sir 
Leslie  Stephen  says,  "Some  of  Newbery's 
children's  books,  especially  the  'History  of 
Goody  Two  Shoes,'  have  been  attributed  to 
him  [Goldsmith]."  It  does  not  necessitate 
a  very  imaginative  mind  to  accept  it  as 
Goldsmith's  work ;  and  when,  as  John  For- 
ster,  in  his  '  Life  of  Goldsmith,'  says,  "  it  is 


io*  s.  ii.  SEPT.  24, 1904.)      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


251 


a  matter  of  doubt  whether  Newbery,  to 
satisfy  outstanding  claims,  did  not  engage 
him  for  some  part  of  his  time  in  work  for 
his  juvenile  library,"  one  can  understand  its 
being  really  accepted  by  some  authorities 
as  Goldsmith's  work. 

RUPERT  SANDERSON. 
Bury. 

It  is  not  at  all  improbable  that  this  famous 
nursery  story,  first  published  in  1765,  was 
written  by  Oliver  Goldsmith.  See  2nd  S.  xii. 
41.  HENRY  GERALD  HOPE. 

119,  Elms  Road,  Clapham,  S.W. 


PORT  ARTHUR  (10th  S.  i.  407,  457  ;  ii.  212).— 
The  replies  given  at  the  last  two  references 
Are  full  of  interest,  not  only  to  the  querist, 
but  to  others.  May  I  venture  to  supply  an 
account  which  has  been  reprinted  from  an 
American  journal,  the  name  of  which  was  not 
put  upon  record  ?  It  tells  us  that 
*'  Port  Arthur  was  so  named,  forty-four  years  ago, 
on  30  June,  1860,  in  honour  of  Lieut.  William 
Arthur,  of  the  British  navy.  This  officer  was  in 
command  of  the  gunboat  Algerine,  attached  to  a 
surveying  expedition  of  the  navy,  which  was  being 
•carried  on  before  the  landing  of  the  English  and 
French  in  August,  1860." 

The  notice  continues  as  follows  : — 

"  He  was  not  by  any  means  in  command  of  the 
•expedition,  nor  even  in  command  of  the  flagship, 
which  was  the  Acteon,  then  called  the  Noah's  Ark 
by  the  officers  of  the  British  navy.  She  was  almost 
helpless,  and  was  towed  from  place  to  place  by  one 
of  the  smaller  vessels.  While  the  Algerine  was 
towing,  the  entrance  to  Port  Arthur  was  made,  and 
the  fact  that  Lieut.  Arthur  was  towing  the  Acteon 
gave  him  the  place  of  honour  and  the  distinction  of 
commanding  the  first  ship  that  entered." 

The  work  done  by  the  vessels  of  this  expedi- 
tion in  surveying  the  harbours,  coast,  and 
the  Chinese  fortifications  made  possible  the 
disembarkation  of  the  whole  force  of  the 
Allies  in  August,  1860,  without  the  loss  of  a 
man.  W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY. 

Westminster. 

There  is  a  misprint  in  my  reply  at  p.  212. 
The  name  of  the  paper  is  Truman's  (not 
41  Heman's  ")  Flying  Post.  HARRY  HEMS. 

AMERICAN  YARN  (10th  S.  ii.  188).— The 
"  yarn "  is  not  American,  but  comes  from 
Bengal,  and,  I  think,  the  early  sixties.  In 
those  days  there  flourished  two  officers  com- 
manding regiments,  one  a  regiment  of  British 
infantry,  the  other  a  native  infantry  regi- 
ment. These  two  were  so  famous  at  drawing 
the  long  bow  that  it  was  resolved  to  pit 
them  one  against  the  other,  and  they  were 
accordingly  asked  to  the  mess  of  a  certain 
regiment  on  the  same  guest  night.  One 


story  followed  another,  till  at  last  the  climax 
was  thought  to  be  reached  when  the  native 
infantry  colonel  said  he  was  going  home 
round  the  Cape  when  they  descried  a  man 
floating  on  a  hencoop.  He  said  he  was 
making  his  way  home,  and  all  he  wanted 
was  some  matches,  as  his  had  got  wet,  oil 
which  the  N.I.  man  presented  him  with  a 
box,  and  they  left  him.  This  was  thought 
to  bear  the  palm,  till  the  other  raconteur 
got  up  from  nis  side  of  the  table  and  said, 
"I  am  that  man,  and  this,"  producing  a 
matchbox,  "  is  the  box  you  gave  me  on  that 
occasion."  The  honours  therefore  were  con- 
sidered to  lie  with  the  British  infantry  man. 
The  story  was  done  into  verse  many  years 
afterwards,  and  appears,  I  think,  in  'Lays 
of  Ind,'  by  Aleph  Cheem. 

C.  J.  DURAND. 

The  lines  quoted  are  not  from  an  American 
source,  but  form  the  last  verse  (slightly 
varied)  of  '  Two  Thumpers,'  one  of  the  *  Lays 
of  Ind  '  by  Aleph  Cheem. 

The  *  Lays '  were  very  popular  with  Anglo- 
Indians  a  few  years  ago.  The  volume  was 
published  by  Thacker,  Vining  &  Co.,  Bom- 
bay ;  also  by  Thacker,  Spink  &  Co.,  Calcutta. 
(Mrs.)  E.  JACOB. 

Tavistock. 

REGIMENTS  ENGAGED  AT  BOOMPLATZ  (10th 
S.  ii.  148).— The  '  Life  of  Sir  Harry  Smith,' 
published  by  Murray,  vol.  ii.  p.  224,  describes 
the  battle  of  Boomplaats  and  the  force  en- 
gaged (45th,  91st,  and  R.  Brigade,  C.M.  Rifles, 
and  guns). 

O.  H.  STRONG,  Lieut.-CoL,  late  10th  Foot. 

"GIVING  THE  HAND"  IN  DIPLOMACY  (10th 
S.  ii.  126).— No  doubt  the  explanation  given 
by  POLITICIAN  is  right  in  effect,  and  that  the 
giving  the  hand  has  come  to  mean  much  the 
same  thing  as  giving  place  to  or  precedence 
to  another ;  and  taking  the  hand  has  come 
to  mean  much  the  same  thing  as  taking  that 
precedence.  But  a  further  and  very  in- 
teresting question  arises  :  How  is  it  that  the 
expressions  have  these  meanings  ?  Is  the 
explanation  to  be  sought  in  a  ritual  which  is 
no  longer  observed,  which  has  been  altered 
into  the  mutual  hand-shake  of  modern  times  1 
The  hand-shake  in  which,  as  a  rule,  the  palm 
of  the  hand  of  each  person  is  at  right  angles 
to  the  surface  of  the  ground,  is  it  not  a 
symbol  of  the  equality  of  the  persons  who 
go  through  the  operation  ?  Neither  gives 
precedence  to  the  other  ;  they  meet  on  equal 
terms  j  both  give  and  both  take.  But  was 
there  in  former  times  a  different  method  of 
procedure,  in  which  the  superior  in  rank 
took  the  hand  of  the  inferior  in  a  different 


252 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  11.  SEPT.  21, 


way,  and  in  which  the  inferior  —  doing 
homage  or  even  paying  respect — gave  his 
hand  into  the  hand  of  his  superior  in  a 
different  way  ?  I  suggest  with  great  diffi- 
dence, being  on  uncertain  ground,  that  there 
was  in  former  times  a  recognized  method  of 
taking  and  giving  the  hand,  by  which  the 
difference  between  the  one  and  the  other 
process  was  immediately  recognized ;  that 
the  probable  difference  was  in  the  manner 
the  hands  were  held ;  and  that  the  superiors, 
who  took  the  hands  of  inferiors,  held  their 
hands  with  the  palms  uppermost  in  order  to 
do  it.  FRANK  PENNY. 

BROOM  SQUIRES  (10th  S.  ii.  145,  198).— The 
following  dialogue  occurs  in  chap.  xiv.  of 
Charles  Kingsley's  novel  'Two  Years  Ago,' 
published  in  1857  :  — 

"  '  Did  you  ever,'  said  Tom  [Thurnall],  '  hear  the 
story  of  the  two  Sandhurst  broom  squires  ? ' 
'  Broom  squires  ? '  '  So  we  call,  in  Berkshire, 
squatters  on  the  moor  who  live  by  tying  heath  into 
brooms.  Two  of  them  met  in  Reading  market  once, 
and  fell  out,'  "  &c. 

W.  B.  H. 

[MR.  E.  H.  COLEMAX  sends  the  same  extract.] 

FINCHALE  PRIORY,  DURHAM  (10th  S.  ii.  168). 
— Mr.  Chas.  Henmaii  (not  Hensman)  pub- 
lished in  1867  the  book  of  drawings  about 
which  MR.  HUGHES  inquires.  It  is  entitled 

"  Illvstrations  of  the  Mediaeval  Antiqvities  in 
the  Covnty  Dvrham,  by  John  Tavernor  Perry  and 
Charles  Henman,  jvnr,  members  of  the  Royal  In- 
stitvte  of  British  Architects.  Pvblisht  by  James 
Parker  and  Co.,  Oxford  and  London,  MDCCCLXVII. 
Pr  11.  Us.  6d." 

The  book  is  in  folio,  dedicated  to  the  Duke 
of  Cleveland.  President  at  the  Durham  Con- 
gress of  the  British  Archaeological  Associa- 
tion in  1866,  and  contains  fifty-one  drawings, 
of  which  fourteen  relate  to  Finchale  Priory. 
MR.  HUGHES  will  easily  obtain  a  copy  from 
the  second-hand  booksellers.  Mine  is  quarter 
bound,  in  russia  leather,  and  I  paid  for  it  the 
sum  of  12s.  6d.  KICHARD  WELFORD. 

"VINE"  TAVERN,  MILE  END  (10th  S.  ii.  167, 
218). — I  remember  this  curious  little  timber- 
built  inn,  known  as  the  "  Inn  on  the  Marsh," 
projecting  almost  into  the  middle  of  the  road 
in  a  situation  that  was,  I  think,  known  as 
Mile  End  Waste.  It  had  the  reputation  of 
being  three  hundred  years  old.  I  do  not 
know  the  reputed  site  of  the  manor  of 
Stepney,  which  in  1380  was  given  to  the 
Bishop  of  London,  but  it  seems  probable  that 
the  sign  was  derived  from  a  vineyard  on  the 
bishop's  property,  appertaining  to  a  palace 
of  his  called  Bishop  Hall,  which  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  Crown  at  the  Reformation.  It 


was  probably  a  mere  alehouse  at  that  timer 
and  although,  none  the  less  for  that,  it  may 
have  been  visited  by  those  who  could  afford 
to  travel  from  the  City  to  a  suburb  so  far 
distant,  yet  it  is  not  mentioned  by  Pepys,  who 
confined  his  refreshment  in  this  pleasant 
region  to  the  "Rose  and  Crown"  in  Stepney, 
celebrated  for  Alderman  Bide's  ale.  The 
"Vine"  must  have  been  dismantled  about 
the  year  1903-4.  If,  as  MR.  NORMAN  under- 
stands, a  turnpike  once  stood  hard  by,  the 
house  was  probably  not  unknown  to  the 
trustees  of  the  Middlesex  and  Essex  turn- 
pikes. The  Turnpike  Trustees  customarily 
met  at  a  convenient  tavern  to  transact 
business,  although  the  "  Vine  "  was  probably,, 
at  an  earlier  time,  not  of  sufficient  importance, 
perhaps,  to  merit  their  patronage.  The- 
Kensington  Turnpike  Trustees,  for  instance, 
used  to  meet  at  the  "  King's  Arms  "  in  New 
Palace  Yard  (Daily  Advertiser,  1742).  The 
same  journal  advertises  a  meeting  of  the 
Middlesex  and  Essex  Turnpike  Trustees — a, 
general  meeting — at  the  Court  House  in 
Whitechapel,  at  nine  o'clock  in  the  morning,, 
to  ''chuse  new  Trustees,  in  the  room  of 
others,  deceas'd,  and  Officers  for  the  ensuing 
Year.  Richard  Dunne,  Clerk "  (20  Marchy 

1742).  J.  HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

Mile  End  Gate  is  shown  in  many  old  maps, 
but  very  clearly  in  R.  Horwpod's  '  Survey  of 
London,'  1799,  at  the  junction  of  Mile  End 
Road  and  Dog  Row  (now  Cambridge  Road). 
Dog  Row  was  the  road  northward  to  Bethnal 
Green  and  Hackney.  The  gate  is  to  be  seen 
in  many  old  engravings,  just  as  I  recollect 
it ;  it  was  abolished  about  the  year  1866. 

On  the  west  side,  on  the  waste  ground  in 
front  of  the  "  Blind  Beggar "  public-house* 
was  for  many  years  the  halting-place  of  the 
Bayswater  and  Mile  End  Gate  'buses. 

The  "Vine"  public-house  stood  a  short 
distance  east  of  the  gate,  on  the  waste 
ground  in  front  of  some  houses  named  "Five 
Constable  Row,"  on  the  north  side  of  the 
road.  This  is  also  marked  on  the  above  map, 
but  its  origin  is  lost  in  obscurity ;  it  is 
described  in  the  'London  Directory'  of  I860 
as  No.  1,  Mile  End  Road. 

There  was  a  lot  of  false  sentiment  expressed 
at  the  demolition  of  the  old  building  ;  the  why 
or  wherefore  I  fail  to  understand.  I  knew 
it  for  over  sixty  years,  and  remember  it  as  a 
dirty,  ill-painted,  timber  building— a  public- 
house  little  better  than  a  beershop  ;  it  had  a* 
wine,  but  no  spirit  licence.  I  really  cannot 
see  where  "  the  interesting  old  wooden 
structure"  comes  in.  It  certainly  was  a  great 
obstruction,  and,  as  far  as  I  can  ascertain, 
could  lay  no  claim  to  any  historic  associations* 


io*  s.  ii.  SEPT.  si.  loo*.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


253 


I  paid  the  place  a  visit  recently,  and  was 
pleased  to  see  the  improvement  caused  by  its 
removal.  CIIAS.  G.  SMITHERS. 

47,  Darnley  Road,  Hackney,  N.E. 

A  photograph,  taken  just  before  the  demo- 
lition of  this  inn,  is  exhibited  at  the  Public 
Library.  Bancroft  Road,  Mile  End. 

MEDICULUS. 

ISABELLINE    AS    A    COLOUR    (10th    S.    i.    487  ; 

ii.  75). — Is  not  a  possible  solution  of  isabelline 
to  be  found  in  the  fact  that  the  dirty  yellow- 
white  known  by  this  name  is  the  colour,  or 
nearly  so,  of  the  summer  coat  of  the  sable — 
in  Portuguese,  Italian,  and,  I  think,  in 
Spanish,  zibellino  ?  I  in  this  case  would 
resemble  the  suffix  by  which  scarmno  in 
Italian  (buskin)  becomes  escarpin  in  French. 
A  very  similar  misunderstanding  and  con- 
sequent transformation  is  to  be  found  in 
Cinderella's  slipper  of  glass,  verre,  which,  of 
course,  was  originally  a  slipper  of  vair— that 
is,  grey  squirrel  skin,  or  vair  in  heraldry. 
I  think  I  am  right  in  saying  that  Isabella 
colour  was  much  in  fashion  just  about  the 
time  of  the  siege  of  Ostend,  1601-3,  as  is 
shown  by  the  rapid  adoption  of  the  yellow 
starch  invented  by  Mrs.  Turner,  the  accom- 
plice of  Carr,  Lord  Somerset,  in  the  murder 
of  Sir  Thomas  Overbury.  As  most  fine  stuffs 
then  came  from  Milan,  the  transformation  of 
zibellino  into  isabelline  seems  not  impossible, 
and  in  time  the  legend  as  to  the  origin  of 
the  colour  connecting  it  with  the  Archduchess 
Isabella  would  become  accredited,  especially 
if  she  chanced  to  be  fond  of  wearing  it.  It 
is  curious  that  the  same  legend  is  told  of  the 
wife  of  Charles  III.  of  Spain,  who  gave  her 
name  to  the  "  Queen  of  Spain's  Chair,"  near 
Gibraltar,  in  connexion  with  the  siege  of 
1779-82.  H.  2. 

KHAKI  (10th  S.  ii.  207).— Some  of  the  state- 
ments contained  in  the  extracts  from  the 
Mangalore  Magazine  are  a  little  puzzling, 
especially  that  which  says  that  khaki  is  a 
Canarese  word.  The  Persian  word  for  dust 
is  khdk,  and  the  adjective  derived  from  that 
word  is  khaki,  signifying  dusty  or  dust- 
coloured,  and  these  terras  nave  been  received 
by  adoption  into  the  Hindustani  or  Urdu 
language ;  but  they  are  certainly  not  Cana- 
rese. Nor  was  the  khaki  uniform  first  intro- 
duced into  the  Indian  army  when  Lord 
Roberts  was  Commander-in-Chief.  Lord 
Roberts  was  appointed  Commander-in-Chief 
in  November,  1885,  and  khaki  had  been  worn 
by  Indian  troops  many  years  before.  The 
late  Sir  Henry  Yule,  in  his  '  Hobson-Jobson,' 
stated  that  khaki  was  the  colour  of  the  uni- 
forms worn  by  some  of  the  Punjab  regiments 


at  the  siege  of  Delhi,  and  that  it  became  ver 
popular  in  the  army  generally  during  th 
campaigns  of  1857-8,  being  adopted  as  a  cor 
venient  material  by  many  other  corps, 
believe  that  its  use  was  regulated  by  Lor 
Roberts,  but  it  was  very  generally  wor 
during  the  seventies.  When  I  first  joine 
my  regiment  at  Poona,  in  January,  1860,  tli 
parade  uniform  for  officers  was  a  tight,  wel 
padded  shell-jacket,  buttoned  close  to  th 
neck  with  a  stock,  and  blue  cloth  trousei 
with  red  piping  down  the  seams.  The  heac 
gear  for  all  ranks  was  the  forage-cap,  with 
white  quilted  covering.  The  men  wore  tt 
usual  scarlet  tunic.  In  those  days  Sir  Hug 
Rose  was  the  general  officer  commanding  tr 
Poona  Division,  and  he  was  fond  of  marcl 
ing  us  out  for  miles  into  the  country  cla 
in  this  unsuitable  raiment.  I  have  seen  th 
men  fall  out  by  dozens  by  the  roadside,  wor 
out  by  the  heat  and  sun ;  but  in  those  daj 
soldiers  were  soldiers,  and  we  had  non-con 
missioned  officers  of  thirty  years'  standin 
who  kept  the  men  up  to  the  mark.  Still  o 
one  could  deny  that  helmets  and  khaki  wei 
desirable  innovations.  W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

M.  of  Mangalore  has  been  unduly  carrie 
away  by  enthusiasm  for  his  fatherlam 
Khaki  means  simply  "earth-coloured,"  froi 
the  Persian  kha&,  which  means  earth,  dus 
soil,  mould,  and  so  on.  It  is  not  a  Canares 
name  for  a  colour,  unless  khti&  is  earth  al; 
in  Canarese,  which  I  do  not  know.  As  a 
Urdu  word  it  would,  of  course,  be  used  t 
Lord  Roberts's  army. 

EDWARD  HERON-ALLEN. 

DESECRATED  FONTS  (10th  S.  i.  488-  ii.  11 
170).— The  list  of  these,  if  it  is  to  be  exhaustiv 
must  be  a  long  one,  I  fear.  Twenty  years  ag 
when  engaged  in  the  pious  work  not 
restoring  the  Priory  Church  of  Whithoi 
(Candida  Casa),  but  of  collecting  and  storir 
sculptured  fragments,  many  of  which  we 
built  into  houses  in  the  town  or  adorned  tl 
rockeries  of  villa  gardens,  we  found  a  nob 
font,  sorely  desecrated  and  defaced, 
appears  to  be  of  late  Norman  work,  wroug] 
on  a  scale  admitting  of  the  immersion  of 
child,  and  had  been  used  for  many  years  I 
masons  in  preparing  cement.  It  is  now  safe 
stored  within  the  ruined  nave. 

HERBERT  MAXWELL. 

The  font  which  your  correspondent  refers 
as  formerly  standing  amongst  thegraveston 
in  St.  Hilda's  Churchyard,  South  Shields,  w 
removed  several  years  ago  into  the  church  1 
the  late  vicar,  the  Rev.  H.  E.  Savage,  nc 
vicar  of  Halifax. 

The  ancient  font  of  Great  Stainton  Churc 


254 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  SEPT.  2*.  MM. 


-co.  Durham,  is  on  a  rockery  in  the  rectory 
garden. 

That  of  Benton,  Northumberland,  stands  in 
the  churchyard  there. 

The  old  font  of  Urswick  Church,  Lanca- 
shire, was  at  the  beginning  of  this  year 
standing  in  a  small  garden  in  front  of  an 
untenanted  and  partly  ruinous  house  near  to 
that  place ;  in  addition  there  were  portions 
of  columns,  tracery  from  the  windows,  and 
other  fragments  from  the  same  church.  I 
communicated  this  to  the  Cumberland  Anti- 
quarian Society,  and  trust  that  ere  this  they 
have  all  been  removed  back  to  the  church. 

The  last  time  I  saw  the  Norman  "  truncated 
cone  "  font  of  Witton-le-Wear  it  was  knocking 
about  the  churchyard.  A  brand-new  font 
was  supplied  to  the  church,  and  where  the 
old  one  now  is  I  cannot  say.  R.  B— R. 

I  fear  the  reasons  for  styling  the  Sileby 
font  Saxon  are  not  such  as  to  satisfy  MR. 
HEMS.  A  local  antiquary  assigned  it  to  that 
period  on  account  of  its  unusual  shape  and 
the  uncouth  nature  of  the  ornaments  cut  upon 
it.  But  some  of  the  Norman  sculptures  to  be 
seen  elsewhere  in  the  county  are  marvels  of 
uncouthness.  W.  T.  H. 

Canon  Woodward's  'The  Parish  Church  of 
Folkestone,'  p.  92,  states  :— 

"This  older  (thirteenth-century)  font  seems  to 
have  been  broken,  and  then  removed  from  the 
church  and  built  into  the  churchyard  wall.  It  was 
discovered  when  taking  down  a  part  of  the  wall 
in  order  to  build  a  vestry  some  few  years 
ago.  The  broken  parts  have  been  put  together 
again,  and  so  reconstructed  the  font  has  been  placed 
in  the  churchyard  within  the  iron  rails  at  the 
western  end  of  the  church.  Upon  the  base  is 
inscribed  '  Old  Font,  found  in  the  Churchyard  Wall 
June  llth,  1884.'  " 

R.  J.  FYNMORE. 

Sandgate. 

There  is  an  eighteenth-century  font  serving 
the  purpose  of  a  flower-pot  outside  the  door 
of  a  cottage  in  the  village  of  Mytton,  in 
Yorkshire.  The  owner  brought  it  with  him 
from  Gisburn,  some  ten  miles  further  up  the 
valley.  FEED.  G.  ACKERLEY. 

Libau,  Russia. 

The  following  will  be  found  under  the 
heading  of  '  Kirkham,  Castle  Howard  and 
Oambe'  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for 
1815  :— 

"In  a  farmhouse  opposite  the  gate  way  is  preserved 
the  abbey  font,  which  was  dug  from  among  the  ruins 
not  many  years  since.  It  is  perfect  and  very  much 
ornamented,  but  does  not  appear  to  be  much  older 
than  the  reign  of  Henry  VI.  It  may  be  deemed  a 
great  curiosity,  as  this  decorative  appendage  to  a 
church  was  generally  marked  as  an  object  for 
destruction." 


It  is  interesting  to  note  that  the  old  font 
from  Harrow  Church  has  been  replaced  and 
restored.  Has  the  one  from  Kirkhatn  Abbey 
been  equally  fortunate  ? 

JOHN  T.  THORP,  RR.S.L. 

Leicester. 

This  subject  is,  I  should  say,  interminable. 
Some  little  excuse,  not  exactly  for  the 
desecration  of  the  fonts,  but  for  their  disuse, 
might  be  alleged  from  the  fact  that  the  stone 
of  which  some  are  made  is  of  a  porous  nature, 
and  often  the  lead  with  which  they  are  lined 
is  cracked,  causing  the  water  to  leak. 

The  old  font  of  Trinity  Church,  Stratford- 
on-Avon,  was  in  a  garden  in  the  town,  and 
there  is  a  small  artistic  engraving  of  it  in  a 
pretty  little  book  **  Shakspere :  his  Birthplace 
and  Neighbourhood,  by  John  R.  Wise,  illus- 
trated by  W.  J.  Linton,  1861,"  in  which  wild 
flowers  are  represented  as  growing  in  it  and 
around  it. 

In  former  years  basins  made  of  earthenware, 
sometimes  of  Spode  china,  sometimes  fine 
specimens  of  china,  were  placed  in  the  font, 
and  I  can  remember  Bishop  Wilberforce,  then 
of  Oxford,  finding  one  in  a  font  in  a  country 
church,  and,  when  letting  it  fall  from  his 
hands,  saying  to  the  churchwardens  as  it 
broke,  **  You  have  no  need  to  replace  this," 
a  practical  reproof  indeed. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory. 

There  was  formerly  in  St.  Peter's  Church, 
Oxford,  a  most  curious  rotund  font,  repre- 
senting in  stalls,  under  circular  arches  sup- 
ported by  massive  columns,  the  twelve 
Apostles.  This  was  many  years  since  con- 
veyed away  by  an  ignorant  and  sacrilegious 
churchwarden,  and  placed  over  a  well  on  the 
north  side  of  the  church ;  but  the  well  has 
long  been  stopped  up,  and  the  font  de- 
stroyed. CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

There  are  two  fonts  in  the  churchyard  at 
Brympton,  Somerset. 

At  Great  Stainton  the  old  font  was  dis- 
covered, a  short  time  ago,  buried  beneath  the 
flooring  of  the  church. 

At  Hilperton,  near  Trowbridge,  Wilts, 
there  is  a  Norman  font,  which  used  to 
decorate  a  garden  at  Whaddon,  from  which 
church  it  was  taken.  . 

At  Minehead  Church,  Somerset,  the  old 
font  is  placed  at  the  east  end  of  the  south 
aisle,  and  a  new  marble  font  has  taken  its 
place. 

At  Preston  Church,  Brighton,  the  same 
thing  has.  happened,  but  unfortunately  the 
old  one  has  disappeared. 

ANDREW  OLIVER. 


io»  s.  ii.  SEPT.  24, 19M.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


255 


I  am  much  obliged  to  the  many  correspon- 
dents who  have  so  kindly  replied  to  my 
question  under  the  above  heading.  I  had 
hoped  that  cases  of  font  desecration  were 
few  and  far  between,  and  that  it  would  be 
•comparatively  easy  to  compile  a  list  with 
the  help  of  readers  of  'N.  &  Q.'  The 
statement  of  MR.  HEMS  (ante,  p.  171)  that 
•" desecrated  fonts  exist  by  the  hundred"  has, 
however,  entirely  disabused  my  mind  of  such 
an  idea.  MR.  HEMS  would  not,  I  know, 
speak  so  explicitly  were  he  not  quite  sure,  so 
I  am  reluctantly  compelled  to  believe  that 
my  task  of  compilation  will  probably  cover  a 
long  period  of  time.  Those  already  indicated 
in  '  N.  <fc  Q.,'  with  others  reported  direct, 
will,  however,  help  to  form  a  start,  and  I  shall 
fee  greatly  obliged  to  learn  at  any  time  of 
additional  instances,  which  may  be  sent  to 
me  direct.  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

PORTUGUESE  PEDIGREES  (10th  S.  ii.  167).— 
Some  particulars  of  certain  Spanish  and 
Portuguese  families  will  be  found  in  3rd  S 
vii.  134,  230.  EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

GWYNETH  (10th  S.  ii.  108).— As  identically 
stated  in  Owen  Pughe's  *  Welsh  Dictionary  ' 
and  in  John  Walters's  and  Silvan  Evans's 
English  and  Welsh  dictionaries,  the  correct 
spelling  of  the  Welsh  local  proper  nameapplied 
to  a  portion  or  to  the  whole  of  North  Wales 
is  neither  Gwyneth  nor  Gwynydd,  but  Gwy- 
nedd.  With  regard  to  its  origin,  this  local 
name  (called  in  Latin  Venedocia :  whence 
this  appellation?)  may  be  adequately  ren- 
dered by  ''Fair-land,"  being  undoubtedly 
derived  from  the  adjective  c/wyn,  i.e.  white, 
fair,  pleasant,  blessed,  or  from  the  noun  gwyn, 
i.e.  desire,  bliss.  H.  KREBS. 

"ToTE  "  (10th  S.  ii.  161).— In  illustrating  the 
use  of  the  word  tote  in  America,  MR.  ALBERT 
MATTHEWS  omits  a  fairly  familiar  example 
from  Col.  John  Hay's  '  Little  Breeches,'  an 
example  which  in  point  of  time  should  come 
between  those  cited  from  Thoreau  and 
Whittier.  It  will  be  found  in  'The  Pike 
County  Ballads  '  (1871)  :— 

How  did  he  git  thar?    Angels. 

He  could  never  have  walked  in  that  storm  ; 
They  jest  scooped  down  and  toted  him 
To  whar  it  was  safe  and  warm. 

WALTER  JERROLD. 
Hampton-on-Thames. 

RULES  OF  CHRISTIAN  LIFE  (10th  S.  ii.  129).— 
The  lines  quoted  are  to  be  found  in  the 
'Golden  Manual,'  and  probably  in  many 
other  Catholic  books  of  devotion.  They  are 


also  given  in  French  at  the  beginning  of  the 
'Paroissien  Remain  Cornplet,'  published  at 
Tours,  1893.  I  transcribe  the  English  and 
French  versions  (I  have  not  seen  the  lines  in 
Latin) : — 

"  Remember,  Christian  soul,  that  thou  hast  this 
day,  and  every  day  of  thy  life, 

— God  to  glorify, 

Jesus  to  imitate, 

The  angels  and  saints  to  invoke, 

A  soul  to  save, 

A  body  to  mortify, 

Sins  to  expiate, 

Virtues  to  acquire, 

Hell  to  avoid. 

Heaven  to  gain, 

Eternity  to  prepare  for, 

Time  to  profit  of, 

Neighbours  to  edify, 

The  world  to  despise, 

Devils  to  combat, 

Passions  to  subdue, 

Death  perhaps  to  suffer. 

And  Judgment  to  undergo. 

French. 
Un  Dieu  a  glorifier, 

8ui  t'a  cree"  pour  1'aimer ; 
n  Je"sus  a  imiter, 
Son  sang  a  t'appliquer  ; 
La  Sainte  Vierge  a  implorer, 
Tous  les  Anges  a  honorer, 
Les  Saints  a  invoquer, 
Une  ame  a  sauver, 
Un  corps  &  mortifier, 
Une  conscience  a,  examiner, 
Des  pe"ches  a  expier, 
Des  vertus  a  demander, 
Un  ciel  a  meriter, 
Un  enfer  a  eviter, 
Une  eternite  a  mediter, 
Un  temps  h.  menager, 
Un  prochain  a  edifier, 
Un  monde  a  mepriser, 
Des  demons  t\  apprehender, 
Des  passions  A,  dompter, 
Une  mort,  peut-etre,  &,  souffrir, 
Et  un  jugement  a  subir 
D'un  Dieu  de  verite, 
Pour  une  e'ternite', 
Ou  bienheureuse,  6  bonheur  ! 
Ou  malheureuse,  6  malheur  ! 
Devot  chretien, 
Songes-y  bien. 
The  French  version  is  more  complete. 

M.  HAULTMONT. 

Another  version  was  given  in  that  popular 
American    book    'The  Wide,    Wide  World' 
1853).     It  ran  thus  :— 

A  charge  to  keep  I  have, 

A  God  to  glorify, 
A  never-dying  soul  to  save, 
And  fit  it  for  the  sky. 

GEORGE  ANGUS. 
St.  Andrews,  N.B. 

Do* T MI; NTS  IN  SECRET  DRAWERS  (10th  S.  i. 
427,  474  ;  ii.  113).— One  evening  Chief  Justice 


256 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  SEPT.  24, im. 


Lord  Norbury  thrust  under  the  seat  of  his 
armchair  a  letter  which   had  reached  him, 
when  enjoying  by  the  fireside  well-earned 
rest  after  a  day  of  toil.     The  chair  was  subse- 
quently sent  to  an  upholsterer  for  repair, 
and  the  letter  came  to  light.     The  writer  was 
the  Orange  Attorney-General  Saurin,  who 
urged  the  Chief  Justice  to  exert  the  influence 
of  his  official  position,  whilst  going  on  circuit 
as  judge,  to  mingle  in  political  conversations 
with  the  grand  jury,  in  order  to  check  the 
Catholic  question.     The  letter  found  its  way 
to  Daniel  O'Connell,  who  was  shocked  at  its 
contents.    After  some  correspondence  on  the 
subject,   O'Connell  appealed    to  Brougham, 
who    did    not    hesitate    to    animadvert    in 
Parliament  on  Saurin's  letter,  especially  as  it 
was  connected  with  the  return  of  members 
to  the  House.    Peel  replied  that  he  would 
rather  be   the  writer  than  he  who,  having 
found  the  letter,  made  so  base  a  use  of  it. 
Vide  vol.  i.  pp.  80,  82  of  '  Correspondence  of 
Daniel    O'Connell,'    by   W.    J.    Fitzpatrick, 
F.S.A.  (Murray,  1888); 

HENRY  GERALD  HOPE. 
119,  Elms  Road,  Clapham,  S.W. 

STORMING  OF  FORT  MORO  (10th  S.  i.  448, 
514;   ii.  93,   175).— The  extract  given    from 
Cannon's    'Record   of    the    First,  or  Royal 
Regiment  of  Foot,'  is  practically  word   for 
word  the  same  as  given  by  the  late  James 
Grant  in  his   'British  Battles  on  Land  anc 
Sea,'  vol.  ii.  p.  125,  which  I  think  I  took  ii 
parts  about  the  years  1875-6.     In  the  Army 
List  of    1763  there  is  no  mention   of    any 
officer  of  the  name  of  Wiggins  or  O'Higgins 
as  belonging  to  the  1st,  56th,  or  90th  Regi 
ment.     The  only  name  approaching  Higgin 
is  Heighington,  who  was  gazetted  major  in 
the  56th  Regiment,  20  Feb.,  1762,  the  early 
part  of    the  year  in  which  this  event  tool 
place. 

Lieut.  T.  Shillibeer,  R.M.,  in  his  *  Narrativ 
of  the  Briton's  Voyage  to  Pitcairn's  Island 
including  an  Interesting  Sketch  of  the  Presen 
State  of  the  Brazils  and  of  South  America 
third  edition,  1818,  on  p.  160,  writes  :  "  Abou 
daylight  we  reached  the  summit  of  th 
mountain  Zapata,  which  is  very  high,  and  w 
ascended  by  a  zig-zag  road,  made  by  O'Higgin 
(an  Irishman)  in  the  time  of  his  presidenc 
in  the  kingdom  of  Chili."  He  was  proceec 
ing  to  Santiago.  Is  it  possible  that  the  make 
of  this  road  was  of  the  same  family  as  th 
one  mentioned  in  10th  S.  i.  448  ? 

HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 

NORTHERN  AND  SOUTHERN  PRONUNCIATIO 
(10th  S.  i.  508).— With  respect  to  YORK'S  la 
sentence,  why  should  he  necessarily  sosuppose 


We  still  have,  I  believe,  an  "English  "  alpha- 
bet, and  in  it  the  first  letter  is,  or  was,  a,  nob 
Now  the  a  of  such  Southern  word-sounds 
s  arsis,  parss,  larst,  rarzberry,  and  so  on,  is 
ot  the  English  a  at  all,  but  a  regular  "  Dog 
Jatin"  specimen.      May    not    YORK    boldly 
loose  which  style  he  will  follow  1    An  old 
choolmaster  of  mine,  the  late  Dr.  Dawson 
W.  Turner,  used   always  to  say,    "  You  are- 
o-and-so,  are  you  not1?"    He  was  no  mean 
cholar,  and  had  a  good  tongue  to  take  care 
r  himself  with,  and  I  think  the  man  who- 
lould  have  told  him  he  was  "  wrong"  would 
lave   had  to  face  a  mauvais  quart  d'heure  ;: 
)ut  this  was  some  forty-five  years  ago,  and 
we  have  gone  a  long  way  in  the  Latinizing 
f  the  "  English  "  tongue  since  then,  in  the 
outh  especially.     Forty-five  years  ago  the 
bove-mentioned  gentleman  taught  his  boys- 
;o    say  casstrum  (castrum).      I   suppose  the 
iashion  now  makes  it  carstrum.    The  Romans 
lad  the  letter  r  like  ourselves.     If  castrum  is 
;o  be  pronounced  carstrum,  how  can  an  r  be 
ndicated   in  sound    after    the  vowel,   in  a 
yllable  so  constituted  ?       YORKSHIREMAN. 


SHROPSHIRE  AND   MONTGOMERYSHIRE 
MANORS  (10th  S.  ii.  148).— The  only  Osleston 
!  can  trace  in  any  of  my  gazetteers  is  in  the 
parish  of  Sutton-on-the-Hill,  co.  Derby. 

There  are  two   Sandfords   in  Shropshire  r. 
one  in  the  parish  of  Prees,  the  other  in  the 
)arish  of  Felton. 

Wollaston  is  in  the  parish  of  Alberbury,, 
Shropshire,  nine  miles  frpm  Shrewsbury. 
There  are  many  variations  in  the  spelling  of 
;he  name,  such  as  Woolstone,  Woolastone,. 
and  Wolstone ;  but  the  only  place  spelt  Wol- 
ston  is  in  the  county  of  Warwick. 

Nethergorther  I  cannot  find  mentioned. 
CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 
Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

Whilst  I  cannot  lay  claim  to  a  single  drop 
of  Welsh  blood,  I  may  yet  be  able  to  render 
some  little  assistance  to  F.  N. 

Has  he  not  misread  Nethergorther  for 
Netherworthen,  which  is  situated  in  the 
Hundred  of  Ford,  Salop  1 

Sandford  is  in  the  parish  of  Prees,  five  and 
a  half  miles  north-west  of  Wem. 

Possibly  Osleston  is  a  misreading  for 
Oswestry  ;  and  similarly  Wolston  may  be  a 
local  or  contemporary  spelling  of  Woolaston, 
in  the  parish  of  Alberbury,  eleven  miles  west 
of  Shrewsbury.  WM.  JAGGARD. 

139,  Canning  Street,  Liverpool. 

CAPE  DUTCH  LANGUAGE  (1.0th  S.  ii.  126).— 
May  I  add  to  MR.  PLATT'S  interesting  note 
the  title  of  another  book  relating  to  the 


.  ii.  SEPT.  24,  low.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


257 


"Taal:J?  'The  Englishman's  Guide  to  the 
Speedy  and  Easy  Acquirement  of  Cape 
Dutch  (Grammar,  Useful  Information,  Con- 
versation),' by  Hubertus  Elffers  (Cape  Town, 
J.  C.  Juta  &  Co.,  1900).  Some  specimens  of 
"African  Dutch  "  appear  in  that  interesting 
book  'Robert  Burns  in  other  Tongues,'  by 
Dr.  William  Jacks  (Glasgow,  MacLehose, 
1896).  Mr.  F.  W.  Reitz,  when  President  of 
the  Orange  Free  State,  printed  'Vijftig 
Uitgesagte  Afrikaanse  Gedigte,'  and  of  these 
three  were  translations  or  adaptations  of 
Burns,  and  are  quoted  by  Dr.  Jacks.  The 
best  is  'Daantje  Gouws,'  a  spirited  version 
of  '  Duncan  Gray.3  WILLIAM  E.  A.  AXON. 
Manchester. 

THOMAS  PIGOTT  (10th  S.  i.  489  ;  ii.  113,  17G). 
—See  8th  S.  i.  28,  172,  218,  294,  401. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 
Bradford. 

DUCHESS  SARAH  (10th  S.  ii.  149,  211).— As  I 
notice  that  there  are  some  slight  discrepancies 
between  the  information  given  by  me  at  the 
second  reference  and  that  contributed  by  MR. 
FRANCIS  H.  RELTON,  I  may  say  that  my  prin- 
cipal authority  is  the  late  Mr.  G.  Steinman 
Steinman's  'Althorp  Memoirs,'  privately 
printed,  1869,  p.  50.  Mr.  Steinman  was  a 
distinguished  genealogist,  and  was  a  con- 
tributor, so  far  back  as  the  thirties,  to  the 
old  Gentleman's  Magazine.  His  love  of  accu- 
racy was  evidenced  in  several  of  the  earlier 
volumes  of  *N.  &  Q.,'  the  first  article  of  his 
which  I  can  trace  being  headed  '  Genealogical 
Queries'  (1st  S.  v.  537).  His  authorities  for 
the  Jenyns  or  Jennings  pedigree  were  Man- 
ning and  Bray's  'History  of  Surrey,'  i.  86-8, 
621,  622 ;  ii.  8,  9  ;  and  L.  ii.  (Coll.  of  Arms), 
f.  122,  pedigree  dated  7  Feb.,  16  Charles  II., 
1673,  O.S.  In  this  pedigree  John  and  Ralph 
Jennings  are  represented  as  being  still  alive, 
but  there  seems  to  be  no  mention  of  a 
Richard. 

MR.  RELTON  does  not  mention  the  first 
marriage  of  Frances  Jennings  to  George 
Hamilton.  By  this  gentleman  she  had  three 
•daughters— (1)  Elizabeth,  baptized  at  St.  Mar- 
garet's, Westminster,  21  March,  1666/7,  mar- 
ried 13  Jan.,  1685/6,  Richard,  Viscount 
Rosse,  died  at  St.  Omer  in  June,  1724 ; 
(2)  Frances,  born  in  France,  married  firstly, 
in  July,  1687,  Henry,  eighth  Viscount 
Dillon,  who  died  in  1713,  and  secondly 
Patrick,  son  arid  heir-apparent  of  Sir  John 
Bellew,  Bart.,  of  Barmeath,  co.  Louth, 
whom  she  survived,  though  the  date  of  her 
death  is  unknown  ;  (3)  Mary,  also  born  in 
France,  married  Nicholas,  Viscount  Kings- 
land,  died  at  Turvey,  in  the  parish  of  Dona- 


bate,  co.  Dublin,  15  Feb.,  1735,  and  buried  in 
the  church  of  the  neighbouring  parish  of 
Lusk.  By  her  second  husband,  the  Duke 
of  Tyrconnel,  Frances  Jennings  had  two 
daughters— (1)  Catherine,  died  in  childhood, 
17  June,  1684 ;  and  (2)  Charlotte,  who  married 
the  Prince  de  Ventimiglia,  of  a  noble  family 
in  Provence,  and  left  issue  the  two  daughters 
mentioned  by  MR.  RELTON.  The  Duchess  of 
Tyrconnel  was  not  ninety- two,  but  in  her 
eighty-third  year,  when  she  died. 

W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

KILLED  BY  A  LOOK  (10th  S.  ii.  169).  - 
Edward  L,  considering  that  the  behaviour 
of  Philip  the  Fair  had  made  war  with  France 
inevitable,  summoned  the  clergy  of  both 
provinces  to  meet  at  Westminster  on  21  Sept., 
1294.  The  king  appeared  in  person  and  asked 
for  aid.  A  day's  adjournment  was  granted. 
On  the  third  day  they  offered  two-tenths  for 
one  year.  The  royal  patience  was  already 
exhausted  ;  indignant  at  their  shortsighted- 
ness, Edward  declared  they  must  pay  half 
their  entire  revenue  or  be  outlawed.  The 
clergy  were  dismayed  and  terrified ;  and 
William  de  Montford,  Dean  of  St.  Paul's,  fell 
dead  at  the  king's  feet.  This  tragic  scene 
was  enacted  in  the  monks'  refectory.  I  find 
a  reference  to  W.  Hemingburgh,  ii.  57. 

A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

"FEED  THE  BRUTE"  (10th  S.  i.  348,  416). — • 
Du  Maurier's  drawing  will  be  found  on  p.  95 
of  vol.  i.  of  his  'Society  Pictures,'  selected 
from  Punch,  1891.  The  title  is  '  Experientia 
docet?'  and  the  year  of  its  appearance  in 
Punch  is  given  as  1885.  U.  V.  W. 

BRISTOL  SLAVE  SHIPS,  THEIR  OWNERS  AND 
CAPTAINS  (10th  S.  ii.  108,  193).— Has  J.  G.  C. 
consulted  the  late  John  Latimer's  'Annals 
of  Bristol,'  a  most  admirable  and  exhaustive 
work  dealing  with  Bristol  in  the  seventeenth 
and  eighteenth  centuries?  The  archives  of 
the  Bristol  Merchant  Venturers  also  might 
contain  references  to  such  ships,  and  the  late 
Sir  Walter  Besant  obtained  a  good  deal  of 
information  about  the  slave  trade  in  Bristol 
from  the  archives  of  the  City  of  Bristol. 
Camden  Hotten's  'List  of  all  the  Persons 
who  either  emigrated  or  were  sent  to  the 
Plantations  between  the  Years  1600  and  1700' 
might  also  be  worth  consulting.  It  was  pub- 
lished by  Chatto  &  Windus,  London. 

FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 

MORAL  STANDARDS  OF  EUROPE  (10th  S.  ii. 
168). — As  the  question  of  illegitimacy  is 
properly  a  branch  of  this  subject,  it  may  bo 
permitted  to  quote  the  following  figures  : — 

In  England,  mainly  Teutonic,  of  the  total 


258 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      BO-  s.  n.  SEPT.  21,  im. 


births  recorded  at  the  last  census,  4  per  cent 
were  illegitimate,  whilst  in  Ireland,  mainly 
Celtic,  the  rate  of  illegitimacy  was  littL 
more  than  half,  viz.,  2 '6  per  cent. 

Carrying  the  inquiry  further,  we  find  tha 
in  the  four  provinces  of  Ireland  the  corn 
parison  of  illegitimate  with  legitimate  births 
was  in  Ulster,  3'4  per  cent.  ;  in  Leinster, 
2'8  per  cent. ;  in  Munster,  2'4  per  cent.  ;  anc 
in  Connaught,  07  per  cent.  Thus  in  Ulster, 
where  the  Celtic  element  is  weakest,  illegiti- 
macy most  prevails,  whilst  in  Connaught, 
where  it  is  vastly  in  the  ascendant,  that 
failing  diminishes  almost  to  the  vanishing 
point. 

That  a  people  the  relative  purity  of  whose 
lives  is  generally  admitted  should  be  more 
addicted  to  lying  than  the  less  moral  Teutons, 
as  alleged  by  X.  Z.,  is  at  least  open  to  doubt. 

HENRY  SMYTH. 
Edgbaston. 

ANAHUAC  (10th  S.  i.  507  ;  ii.  196).— In  my 
1  Notes  on  English  Etymology,'  pp.  329,  334, 
I  quote  from  Simeon's  'Mexican  Dictionary': 
"Anahuac  is  the  name  of  the  province  in 
which  Mexico  was  situated.  It  means  the 
country  of  lakes,  lit.  '  beside  the  water,'  from 
ail,  water,  and  nauac,  near."  Again  :  "  In 
forming  compounds,  final  tl  is  dropped  ;  thus 
from  atl,  water,  and  otli,  a  road,  was  formed 
aotl,  a  canal."  Similarly,  a-nahuac  is  from 
a(tl)  and  nauac.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

PHILIP  BAKER  (10th  S.  ii.  109,  177).— The 
Cecil  MS.  cited  makes  it  quite  clear  that  the 
reference  is  to  the  Lancashire  Win  wick. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRJGHT. 

OLD  TESTAMENT  COMMENTARY  (10th  S.  ii. 
188). — The  most  sane  and  up-to-date  com- 
mentary that  I  know  is  'Hours  with  the 
Bible,  the  Scriptures  in  the  Light  of  Modern 
Discovery  and  Knowledge'  (6  vols.),  by  Dr. 
Cunningham  Geikie.  ERNEST  B.  SAVAGE. 

S.  Thomas,  Douglas. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &o. 

Barnstaple  Parish  Registers  of  Baptisms,  Marriages, 
and  Burials,  1538  A.D.  to  1812  A.D.  Edited  by 
Thomas  Wainwright.  (Exeter,  Commin.) 
FOB  works  of  this  class,  which  form  the  basis  of  all 
genealogy,  we  have  nothing  but  welcome,  albeit 
the  pressure  upon  our  space  of  matter  of  more 
immediate,  even  though  more  temporary  interest, 
leads  to  a  delay  in  noticing  them  which  is  apt 
to  look  like  neglect.  It  is  only,  indeed,  when 
a  holiday  period  is  reached  that  we  can  deal 
with  them  as  they  merit.  Then,  even,  it  is 
difficult  to  do  them  full  justice.  Few  of  them 


naturally  have  any  special  feature  to  distinguish 
them  from  other  works  of  the  same  class.     It  is, 
however,   a  subject    for  congratulation    that    on& 
after  another  of  our  great  local  centres  places  its 
records  beyond  the  reach  virtually  of  destruction. 
The  preface  to  the  present  volume  tells  us  little 
concerning  it,  except  that  permission  to  Mr.  Wain- 
wright  to  extract  the  items  was  granted  by  Arch- 
deacon  Seymour,  when   vicar  of   Barnstaple,  and 
that  the  heavy  cost  of  printing  has  been  borne  in 
spirited    fashion    by  the  directors    of   the  North 
Devon   Athenasum.      Practically  the  work  is    in? 
three  volumes,  containing  respectively  the  births, 
marriages,  and  deaths,  each  with  a  separate  title.. 
The  first,  including  the    children    born,   but  not 
baptized,  occupies  234  double-columned  pages,  with 
an  average  of  nearly  100  entries  to  a  page.     Mar- 
riages   occupy    only    96    pages,    and    burials    182. 
There  is  no  index,  a  defect  which  one  or  other  of 
our  index  societies  may  perhaps  see  its  way  to 
make  good.     Its  absence  renders  difficult  the  task 
of  hunting  after  any  separate  name.     In  the  case  of 
the  burials  we  turn  to  the  year  1685,  the  period  of  the 
battle  of  Sedgemoor  and  that  of  the  Bloody  Assize, 
but  find  no  noteworthy  increase  in  the  number  of 
deaths.    Under  the  date  27  November,  1685,  comes 
the  statement,  "  [  And  then  the  surplis  ivas  stollen 
by  John  Freane  of  Tot  en]"  :  and  under  30  August, 
1686,   appears,    "  Thomas    Rumsom,    murdered   at 
Bickinton."     "A  mightie  storm  and  tempest,"  ac- 
cording to  the  witness  of  "  Robte  Langdon,  Clarcke," 
on    the   "20th  Januarie,   1606/7,"  began  at   "3  of 
clock  "  in  the  morning  and  lasted  till  "  12  of  clock  "" 
of  the  same  day,  causing  a  loss  of  "  towe  thowsand 
pounds"  and  the  death  of  one  James  Froste  and 
"towe  of  his  children."    Frost  is  described  as  a 
'  tooker,"  whatever  that  may  be.     In    the  same 
'Janurie"  "the  river  Barnstaple  was  so  frozen 
hat  manye  hundred  people  did  walk  over  hand  in 
land    from    the    bridge    unto  Castell    Rocke    wthi 
staves  in  their  hands  as  safe  as  they  could  goe  on  the 
drye  grounde."  In  1677, 19  February,  John  Sloley,  the 
clerk,  enters  the  death  of  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Horwood, 
widow,  "  and  she  gave  me  20  shillings  upon  her  will 
'oralegasayandlhavereceaved  it."  This  draws  from 
lim  the  naive  and  natural  comment,  "  And  I  would 
wish  that  all  good  Christians  that  are  to  be  buried  in 
Barnestaple  that  the  would  doe  the  like  to  mee  as 
this  woman  did  if  the  be  abell."    Another  widow 
seems  to  have  taken  the  hint  and  left  him  51.    The 
;own  of  Tiverton  was  twice  burnt  within  fourteen 
years,  once  in  1598  and  once  in  1612.    A  propos  of 
;he  birth,  on  26  May,  1656,  of  Joseph,  son  of  Edward 
rible,  is  the  note,  "Being  the  tenth   soun  and 
niver  a  daughter  between."     The  restoration  to 
lis  living  at  Barnstaple  of   Mr.   Martyn  Blague 
Black)  in  1659/60  is  duly  noted.    In  March,  1695, 
s  mentioned,  "Ye  commencement  of  ye  Kg's  duty 
>n  births."    A  comment  on  the  birth,  12  December, 
L745,  of  a  son  of  Grace  Thorn  shows  a  rather  scan- 
dalous state  of  things,  "  Whose  husband  had  been 
ibsent  from  her  two  years  or  more  in  the  Kings 
Service  in  Flanders."    A  subsequent  entry,  in  1760, 
s  "John,  base  child  of  Elizabeth  Thorn."    This 
opks     as    if    Grace's    propensities     were    trans- 
mitted to  her  offspring.    Under  deaths  are  given 
i  few  historical  entries.     One,   on  1  July,   1643, 
ecords  the  wonderful  preservation  of  the  town 
rom  the  Irish  and  French.    Between  1642  and  1647 
he  register  was  not  kept.    An  asterisk  is  supposed 
o  indicate  those  who  died  of  the  plague.     Many 
vents  connected  with  the  Restoration  are  chro- 


io*  S.H.  SEPT.  24,190*.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


259 


nicled.  Peternell  is  a  common  female  Christian 
name ;  Agnes  is  generally  spelt  Angnis.  The  spell- 
ing of  female  Christian  names  is  often  quaint. 

Nouvean  Dictionnaire:  Anglais- Francais  et  Fran- 
fab-Anglais.  Par  E.  Clifton.  Refondu  et  aug- 
mente  par  J.  McLaughlin.  (Gamier  Freres.) 
DURING  forty  years  the  French  and  English  dic- 
tionary of  E.  Clifton  has  enjoyed  great  popularity 
as  a  dictionnaire  de  poche,  though  the  poche  must 
be  large  that  will  contain  it.  It  has  now  been 
enlarged  to  double  the  size  and  in  other  ways 
recast,  and  is  admirably  calculated  for  popular 
use.  It  supplies  hints  for  pronunciation  as  useful 
as  such  things  can  be  made,  and  though  the  expla- 
nations are  sometimes  inadequate  where  a  word 
from  the  same  root  is  supplied  from  each  language, 
as  French  monodie,  English  monody,  it  shares  this 
defect  with  all  similar  works,  and  it  must  be  borne 
in  mind  that  a  dictionary  is  not  an  encyclopedia. 
Existing  mistakes  are  seldom  rectified,  e.g.,jeu  de 
patience  does  not  find  an  equivalent  in  puzzle.  Yet 
it  will  always  do  so  in  dictionaries. 

Cupid  and  Psyche,  and  other  Tales  from  the  Golden 
Ass  of  Apidrius.  Newly  edited  by  W.  H.  D. 
Rouse,  Litt.D.  (De  La  More  Press.) 
AMONG  the  most  interesting  and  popular  of  the 
excellent  series  of  "  Tudor  Translations  "  Adling- 
ton's  '  Apuleius '  occupies  a  conspicuous  place.  To 
the  delightful  series  of  "King's  Classics"  Dr. 
Rouse  has  added  portions  of  the  work  containing 
the  story  of  *  Cupid  and  Psyche  '  and  other  adven- 
tures. Without  satisfying  scholars,  since  the  lan- 
guage is  modernized  and  the  narrative  is  abridged, 
the  oook  may  serve  to  introduce  to  a  general  public 
a  work  of  conspicuous  merit  and  interest.  In  the 
introductory  portion,  meantime,  the  latest  opinions, 
we  can  hardly  say  conclusions,  of  scholarship,  as  to 
the  source  of  the  *  Golden  Ass '  are  quoted.  Whether 
Lucian  or  Apuleius  is  to  be  credited  with  the  in- 
vention, or  whether,  according  to  Photius,  the 
whole  originated  in  a  fable  of  Lucius  of  Patrse, 
will  never  be  known.  Discussions  on  the  point 
have,  however,  an  attraction  of  their  own,  and  the 
story,  whencesoever  derived,  is  immortal  All  that 
a  reader  of  average  pretence  to  cultivation  can  seek 
to  know  is  told  in  the  introductory  portion,  and 
the  story  can  be  read  in  a  version  void  of  offence. 

Oreat  Masters.  Part  XXIV.  (Heinemann.) 
WE  had  been  under  the  impression  —  delusive,  as 
it  proves— that  the  twenty-fourth  part  of  'Great 
Masters '  would  bring  this  princely  work  to  a  con- 
clusion. So  far  is  this  from  being  the  case,  that  the 
contents  of  the  twenty-fifth  part  are  announced 
upon  the  cover  of  the  twenty-fourth.  We,  at  least, 
shall  not  complain  however  far  the  original  scheme 
may  be  extended.  For  the  first  picture,  '  La 
Coquette'  of  Greuze,  from  the  collection  of  Sir 
Algernon  Coote,  a  species  of  apology  is  offered,  and 
we  are  told  that  the  work  has  "a  very  obvious 
grace"  and  "a  superficial  kind  of  charm."  It 
appeals,  we  are  instructed,  to  the  inartistic.  In  days 
such  as  the  present  utterances  of  the  kind  are  to  be 
expected.  For  ourselves,  we  accept  the  rebuke, 
and  continue  to  admire.  A  '  Portrait  of  a  Man,' 
from  Mr.  Donaldson's  collection,  is  by  Alvise  Viva- 
rini,  a  painter  whose  worth  is  also  fiercely  disputed. 
The  power  of  the  workmanship  is  at  least  not  to  be 
disputed.  From  the  Vienna  Gallery  comes  the  altar- 
piece  of  the  S.  lldefonso  Chapel  by  Rubens.  This  is 
an  exquisite  and  sumptuous  work,  with  nothing  to 


suggest  a  religious  basis  except  the  faint  effluence- 
round  the  central  figure,  doing  duty  for  a  nimbus. 
Its  cherubim  are  as  delightful  amonni  as  ever  were 
designed  by  Boucher  or  Eisen.  There  is  a  lovely 
portrait  of  the  second  wife  of  Rubens,  painted  in 
the  artist's  most  uxorious  style.  '  A  Maiden's 
Dream,'  by  Lorenzo  Lotto,  is  from  the  collection  of 
the  editor,  Sir  Martin  Conway.  The  work,  which 
shows  a  sleeping  maiden,  with  a  cherub  pouring 
flowers  into  her  lap,  was  purchased  in  Milan,  and 
was  offered  for  sale  as  a  Rotten  hammer.  On  each 
side  of  the  girl  are  satyrs,  male  or  female. 

The  Fitz- Patrick  Lectures  for  1903.— English  Medi- 
cine in  the  Anglo-Saxon  Times.  By  Joseph  Frank 
Payne,  M.D.  (Oxford,  Clarendon  Press.) 
SPECIAL  interest  attends  this  handsome  and  attrac- 
tive volume,  the  substance  of  which  consists  of 
the  two  opening  lectures,  delivered  before  the 
Royal  College  of  Physicians  on  23  and  25  June, 
1903,  by  the  first  Fitz -Patrick  Lecturer.  The- 
foundation  is  due  to  Mrs.  Fitz- Patrick,  the  widow 
of  Thomas  Fitz- Patrick,  M.D.,  who  sought  in  this 
fashion  to  honour  the  memory  of  her  husband,  a 
member  of  the  College,  and  to  advance  the  study  of 
early  medicine,  in  which  he  took  a  keen  and  an- 
enlightened  interest.  This  study  has  been  neglected 
in  England,  though  within  the  last  few  years  some- 
thing has  been  done  to  wipe  out  the  reproach.  The 
two  lectures  of  Dr.  Payne  deal  with  Anglo-Saxon 
medicine,  which  seems  to  have  been  no  more  primi- 
tive than  that  of  succeeding  Norman  times.  To- 
the  non-scientific  reader  the  blending  of  knowledge 
with  superstition  is  very  interesting,  and  much 
strange  and  curious  matter  may  be  gleaned  by  the 
curious.  Among  such  things  are  the  ^Egyptiaci,  or 
days — of  which  there  were  two  in  each  month— when 
blood-letting,  or  undergoing  any  form  of  medical 
treatment,  was  specially  dangerous.  A  book  of 
which  much  use  has  been  made  is  '  The  Leechdoms, 
Wortcunning,  and  IStarcraft  of  Early  England,*" 
by  the  Rev.  Oswald  Cockayne,  3  vols.,  1864-6.  A 
reissue  of  this  work  seems  eminently  desirable- 
To  the  collection  of  Anglo-Saxon  medical  works 
which  it  contains  no  important  addition  has  been 
made.  Its  first  volume  contains  the  English  render- 
ing of  the  Latin  '  Herbarium  Apuleii  Platonici,'  of 
which  a  full  account  is  given.  Very  curious  are 
many  of  the  charms  that  appear.  See,  p.  129,  the 
Latin  account  how  Christ  cured  the  toothache  of 
St.  Peter.  Superstitious  medicine  is,  as  might  be 
expected,  very  interesting.  It  would  be  curious  to 
know  how  much  still  influences  rustic  belief.  Very 
few  repulsive  remedies  are  mentioned,  though  such* 
survived  until  a  recent  date  as  folk-lore.  A  series 
of  plates,  principally  from  the  British  Museum, 
given  at  the  close  of  the  volume,  constitute  an 
interesting  feature.  Four  methods  of  digging  up 
mandragora  with  the  aid  of  a  dog  are  among  these. 

Clarence  King  Memoirs :  The  Helmet  of  Mambrino. 

(Putnam's  Sons.) 

THIS  book  is  in  its  line  a  novelty.  It  is  a  tribute 
of  affectionate  admiration  on  the  part  of  friends  to 
a  man  wholly  unknown  in  this  country,  but  of  some 
eminence  and  great  popularity  in  the  Western- 
States  of  America.  Except  that  it  was  published 
after  a  man's  death  instead  of  in  his  lifetime,  and 
that  the  writers  are  club  friends  and  companions- 
of  him  it  is  sought  to  honour,  and  not  scholars  of 
European  reputation,  the  work  might  be  likened,  in 
some  respects,  to '  An  English  Miscellany '  presented 


260 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,      [10*  s.  n.  SEPT.  24, 190*. 


a  few  years  ago  to  Dr.  Furnivall.  Concerning  the 
achievements  of  Mr.  King  the  book  tells  us  little. 
Personal  inquiry  establishes  that  he  was  a  geologist, 
and  the  author  of  a  work  entitled  '  Mountaineering 
in  the  Sierra  Nevada.'  He  wrote  also  '  The  Helmet 
of  Mambrino,'  a  sketch  -in  Don  Quixote  land,  more 
saturated  with  local  colour  than  any  opuscule  we 
can  recall.  This,  which  first  appeared  in  the  Cen- 
tury Magazine  for  May,  1886,  is  reprinted  in  the 
front  of  the  volume,  the  remainder  of  which  is 
occupied  with  reminiscences  and  appreciations  by 
the  King  Memorial  Committee  of  the  Century 
Association.  A  very  gratifying  tribute  is  thus 
afforded  to  a  man  of  a  singularly  amiable  and 
sociable  disposition  and  of  fine  and  cultivated 
tastes.  Portraits  of  Mr.  King  and  his  associates 
enrich  a  volume  which  may  be  read  with  pleasure 
and  interest  by  those  who  were  not  privileged  to 
know  its  hero.  Mr.  James  D.  Hague,  the  chairman 
of  the  committee,  and,  apparently,  the  editor  of  the 
volume,  claims  for  King  that  he  perpetrated  a 
literary  hoax  having  reference  to  the  quotation 
^'Though  lost  to  sight  to  memory  dear,"  which  has 
been  frequently  discussed  in  our  columns.  A  full 
account  of  this,  in  which  the  line  is  said  to  have 
•been  by  one  Ruthven  Jenkyns,  and  to  have  appeared 
in  the  Greenwich  Magazine  for  Marines  in  1707,  is 
given  on  pp.  65-71.  Mr.  King's  death  took  place  at 
Phcenix,  Arizona,  on  29  December,  1901.  Among 
•those  taking  part  in  the  tribute  are  Messrs.  John 
Hay,  W.  D.  Howells,  and  E.  C.  Stedman,  and  many 
other  "Centurions."  English  readers  who  chance 
on  this  volume  will  do  well  to  acquire  it.  'The 
Helmet  of  Mambrino '  is  a  gem,  as  good,  in  a 
•different  line,  as  a  story  of  Guy  de  Maupassant. 

Old  HendriUs  Tales.     By  Capt.  A.  O.  Vaughan. 

(Longmans  &  Co.) 

THESE  stories,  something  in  the  line  of  'Brer 
Rabbit,'  are  supposedly  told  by  a  Hottentot  servant 
to  some  English  or  Dutch  little  children.  They 
.deal  principally  with  the  exaltation  of  the  jackal, 
chiefly  at  the  expense  of  the  wolf,  and  are  an 
agreeable  addition  to  our  knowledge  of  negro  folk- 
lore. Some  difficulty  is  offered  to  English  readers 
by  the  dialect,  and  we  should  be  thankful  for  a 
short  glossary  explaining  the  meaning  of  words 
such  as  pampoene,  byivoner,  anjd  many  others,  con- 
cerning the  significance  of  which  we  are  in  doubt. 
Many  of  the  stories — such  as  'Old  Jackal  and 
Young  Baboon,'  and  k  Why  Little  Hare  has  such  a 
Short  Tail' — are  decidedly  humorous.  Mr.  J.  A. 
'Shepherd  supplies  some  characteristic  illustrations. 

The  Folk  and  their    Word-Lore.     By  A.  Smythe 

Palmer,  D.D.  (Routledge  &  Sons.) 
OVER  the  domain  of  folk-etymology  Dr.  Smythe 
Palmer  reigns  supreme,  and  his  dictionary  is  at 
once  the  best  work  on  the  subject  we  possess  and 
one  of  the  most  entertaining  of  volumes  for  the 
scholar  and  the  general  reader.  The  present  work 
seeks  to  popularize  the  subject,  and  bring  it  within 
universal  ken.  We  are  glad,  for  many  reasons,  to 
•commend  it  to  general  perusal,  one  of  the  reasons 
being  that  familiarity  with  it  will  relieve  greatly 
pur  congested  columns.  A  marvellous  amount  of 
information  is  compressed  into  something  less  than 
two  hundred  eminently  readable  pages.  Herein 
the  reader  will  find  not  only  such  whimsical 
•derivations  as  the  Jerusalem  artichoke  and  its 
outcome  Palestine  soup;  such  popular  delusions 
as  the  sirloin  of  beef  and  its  companion  the 


baron ;  and  such  attempts  at  sentimentality  as 
the  folk's-glove  for  the  foxglove,  but  the  reason 
why  ignorance  changes  into  rhyme  a  word  correctly 
spelt  rime  ;  why  orlocl,  an  altered  form  of  oar-lock, 
developes  into  rowlock,  as  though  it  were  "  the 
rowing  contrivance"  ;  why  beef-eater  is  taken  for 
an  alteration  of  buffetier;  why  Spenser,  and  others 
after  him,  altered  eclogues  into  aeglogues ;  why 
hocus  pocus  is  fantastically  derived  from  hoc  est 
corpus  ;  why  Jew  is  supposed  to  be  crystallized  in 
jewellery  and  Moses  in  mosaic;  and  why  Ruskin, 
even,  theorizes  that  play  is  the  pleasing  thing  (il 
plait\  Not  a  dull  page  is  there  in  a  little  book 
that  is  filled  to  overflowing  with-  instruction  and 
edification.  The  index  might  with  great  gain  be 
amplified. 

MR.  HENRY  FROWDE  is  about  to  publish  in  two 
volumes,  of  which  only  240  copies  will  be  offered 
for  sale,  an  exact  facsimile  of  the  original  English 
edition  of  the  '  German  Popular  Stories '  collected 
by  the  Brothers  Grimm.  All  the  illustrations  by 
Cruikshank  which  appeared  in  the  First  and  Second 
Series  of  the  'Stories,'  issued  in  1823  and  1826 
respectively,  will  be  reproduced,  and  these  will  be 
printed  from  the  original  plates.  Ruskin  in  his 
'  Elements  of  Drawing  '  declared  that  the  etchings 
in  these  two  volumes  were  "  the  finest  things,  next 
to  Rembrandt's,  that,  as  far  as  I  know,  have  been 
done  since  etching  was  invented," 


ijtotkea  ia 

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forms  part  of  '  Sally  in  our  Alley.' 

D.  M.,  Philadelphia  ("Rebecca"). —Anticipated 
by  another  American  correspondent,  ante,  p.  193. 

NOTICE. 

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.  ii.  SEPT.  24, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


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1     E     N     E     R    A    L 


INDEX 


NOTES      AND      QUERIES. 

With  Introduction  by  JOSEPH  KNIGHT,  F.8.A. 

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WORKS    BY   MISS    THACKERAY. 

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The  STORY  of  ELIZABETH;  TWO  HOURS; 
FROM  AN  ISLAJMD. 


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TOILERS  and  SPINSTERS. 
MISS  ANGEL ;  FULHAM  LAWN. 
MISS  WILLIAMSON'S  DIVAGATIONS. 
MRS.  DYMOND. 


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LIFE  AND  WORKS  OF 
CHARLOTTE,  EMILY,  AND  ANNE  BRONTE. 

THE    "HAWORTH"    EDITION. 

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the  eminent  Bronte  authority. 

JANE  EYRE.     I     SHIRLEY.    |     VILLETTE.        The  TENANT  of  WILDFELL  HALL. 
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WUTHERING  HEIGHTS.  I         GASKELL. 

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W.    M.    THACKERAY'S    WORKS. 
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an  Introduction  by  Mrs.  RICHMOND  RITCHIE. 
VANITY  FAIR.     I     PENDENNIS.  The  NEWCOMES. 


YELLOWPLUSH  PAPERS,  &c. 

BARRY     LYNDON;     The    FITZBOODLE 

PAPERS. 
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CONTRIBUTIONS  to  PUNCH. 
HENRY  ESMOND  and  The  LECTURES. 


CHRISTMAS  BOOKS,  &c. 

The  VIRGINIANS. 

ADVENTURES   of  PHILIP,   and  A   SHABBY 

GENTEEL  STORY. 
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PAPERS  :  DENIS  DUVAL,  &c. 
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NOTES    AND    QTJEEIES: 

of  Intercommunication 


FOR 


LITERARY    MEN,    GENERAL    READERS,    ETC, 

41  When  found,  make  a  note  of." — CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


No.  40.  [STET1]          SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  1,  1904. 


PRICK  FOURPEMCE. 

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"  Examine  well  your  blood.    He 

From  John  of  Gaunt  doth  bring  his  pedigree."— SHAKESPKABI. 

ANCESTRY,  English,  Scotch,  Irish,  and  American, 
TRACED  from  STATE  KECOIU>8.    Speciality  :  West  of  England 
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Exeter,  and  1,  Upham  Park  Road,  Chiswlck,  London,  W. 

A/TR.    L.    CULLETON,   92,   Piccadilly,    London 

Ivi  (Member  of  English  and  Foreign  Antiquarian  Societies),  under- 
takes the  furnishing  of  Extracts  from  Parish  Registers,  Copies  or 
Abstracts  from  Wills,  Chancery  Proceedings,  and  other  Records  useful 
for  Genealogical  evidences  In  England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland. 

Abbreviated  Latin  Documents  Copied.  Extended,  and  Translated. 

Foreign  Researches  carried  out.  Enquiries  Invited.  Mr.  Culleton'e 
Private  Collections  are  worth  consulting  for  Clues. 

Antiquarian  and  Scientific  Material  searched  for  and  Copied  at  the 
British  Museum  and  other  Archives. 


BOOKS.— ALL     OUT-OF-PRINT    BOOKS    sup- 
plied,  no  matter  on  what  Subject.    Acknowledged  the  world  over 
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'1    E    N    E    R    A    L 


INDEX 


NOTES      AND       QUERIES. 

With  Introduction  by  JOSEPH  KNIGHT,  F.8.A. 

This  Index  is  double  the  slxe  of  previous  ones,  as  It  contains.  In 
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of  Writers,  with  a  List  of  their  Contributions.  The  number  of 
constant  Contributors  exceeds  eleven  hundred.  The  Publisher  reserves 
the  right  of  increasing  the  price  of  the  Volume  at  any  time.  The 
number  printed  is  limited,  and  the  type  has  been  distributed. 

Free  by  post,  10».  lid. 
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/».  FRANCIS.  Printer  of  the  Attunmum,  Notti  and  Uu«r««i.  *c  ,  is 
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and  PERIODICAL  PRINTING. -18,  Bream  s  Buildings,  Chane.rv 
Lane.B.C. 


rr  UN  BRIDGE    WELLS.— Comfortably    FUK- 

1  NISHED  SITTING-ROOM  and  ONE  or  TWO  BEDROOMS. 
Quiet,  pleasant,  and  central.  Three  minutes'  walk  from  S.B.R.  *  C. 
Station.  No  others  taken.— K.  H.,  06,  Grove  Hill  Road,  Tnnbrldge 
Wells. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         cio- s.  n.  OCT.  i,  1904. 

KING'S 
CLASSICAL  AND  FOREIGN  QUOTATIONS. 

THIRD    EDITION.       6s.  net. 

We  have  to  announce  a  new  edition  of  this  Dictionary.  It  first  appeared  at  the  end  of  '87,  and  was  quickly  disposed 
of.  A  larger  (and  corrected)  issue  came  out  in  the  spring  of  1889,  and  is  now  out  of  print.  The  Third,  published  on 
July  14,  contains  a  large  accession  of  important  matter,  in  the  way  of  celebrated  historical  and  literary  sayings  and  mots, 
much  wanted  to  bring  the  Dictionary  to  a  more  complete  form,  and  now  appearing  in  its  pages  for  the  first  time.  On 
the  other  hand,  the  pruning  knife  has  been  freely  used,  and  the  excisions  are  numerous.  A  multitude  of  trivial  and 
superfluous  items  have  thus  been  cast  away  wholesale,  leaving  only  those  citations  which  were  worthy  of  a  place  in  a 
standard  work  of  reference.  As  a  result,  the  actual  number  of  quotations  is  less,  although  it  is  hoped  that  the  improve- 
ment in  quality  will  more  than  compensate  for  the  loss  in  quantity.  The  book  has,  in  short,  been  not  only  revised, 
but  rewritten  throughout,  and  is  not  so  much  anew  edition  as  a  new  work.  It  will  be  seen  also  that  the  quotations 
are  much  more  "raconte's"  than  before,  and  that  where  any  history,  story,  or  allusion  attaches  to  any  particular 
saying,  the  opportunity  for  telling  the  tale  has  not  been  thrown  away.  In  this  way  what  is  primarily  taken  up 
as  a  book  of  reference,  may  perhaps  be  retained  in  the  hand  as  a  piece  of  pleasant  reading,  that  is  not  devoid  at 
times  of  the  elements  of  humour  and  amusement.  One  other  feature  of  the  volume,  and  perhaps  its  most 
valuable  one,  deserves  to  be  noticed.  The  previous  editions  professed  to  give  not  only  the  quotation,  but  its 
reference  ;  and.  although  performance  fell  very  far  short  of  promise,  it  was  at  that  time  the  only  dictionary  of  the  kind 
published  in  this  country  that  had  been  compiled  with  that  definite  aim  in  view.  In  the  present  case  no  citation — with 
the  exception  of  such  unaffiliated  things  as  proverbs,  maxims,  and  mottoes — has  been  admitted  without  its  author  and 
passage,  or  the  "chapter  and  verse  "  in  which  it  may  be  found,  or  on  which  it  is  founded.  In  order,  however,  not  to  lose 
altogether,  for  want  of  identification,  a  number  of  otherwise  deserving  sayings,  an  appendix  of  Adespota  is  supplied,  con- 
sisting of  quotations  which  either  the  editor  has  failed  to  trace  to  their  source,  or  the  paternity  of  which  has  not  been 
satisfactorily  proved.  There  are  four  indexes— Authors  and  authorities,  Subject  index,  Quotation  index,  and  index  of 
Greek  passages.  Its  deficiencies  notwithstanding,  '  Classical  and  Foreign  Quotations '  has  so  far  remained  without  a  rival 
as  a  polyglot  manual  of  the  world' s  famous  sayings  in  one  pair  of  covers  and  of  moderate  dimensions,  and  its  greatly  improved 
qualities  should  confirm  it  still  more  firmly  in  public  use  and  estimation. 

"  In  its  third  edition,  which  has  been  revised  and  rewritten,  the  present  work  is,  in  its  line,  the  best  available.  It  has 
been  exposed  during  recent  years  to  formidable  competition,  yet  it  maintains  up  till  now  its  supremacy.  The  work  of  a 

good  scholar,  it  is  thoroughly  trustworthy  as  regards  its  classical  quotations,  in  which,  indeed,  it  approaches  perfection 

We  can  bear  the  tribute  that,  apart  from  its  value  as  a  book  of  reference,  the  work  leads  us  on  to  sustained  perusal.  When 
once  we  dip  into  it  we  are  scarcely  able  to  lay  it  down." — Notes  and  Queries. 

"  Is  a  thoroughly  trustworthy  collection,  and  the  best  single  volume  of  its  kind That  admirable  book,  with  which 

ranks  '  Chi  1*  ha  detto  ? '  the  Italian  collection  we  noticed  the  other  day,  has  passed  through  over  twenty  editions.  We 
wish  Mr.  King  similar  success,  for  scholarly  works  of  this  kind  are  so  rare  that  they  ought  to  secure  a  wide  circulation 
when  once  their  worth  begins  to  be  recognized." — Athenaeum. 

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No.  121.  REVIEW    COPIES,    TRAVEL, 

YORKSHIRE  TOPOGRAPHY. 

No.  122.  CLEARANCE  CATALOGUE. 

No.  123.  ANGLING,AMERICANA,OCCULT, 

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ii.  OCT.  i,  low.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


261 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  1,  190U. 


CONTENTS.— No.  40. 

NOTES  :-(Me  on  Purcell's  Death-Webster  and  Sir  Philip 
Sidney,  261  — The  Mussuk,  263  — Another  Heuskarian 
Rarity,  2«4— Vicar  executed  for  Witchcraft—"  In  puris 
naturalibus  "  —  Arago>n  Newton,  265  — New  Style,  1582 

—  "Reduce"  —  Age  of   Oaks  —  "Freshman"  Women  — 
"Stricken  field, "266. 

QUERIES  :— French  Burdens  to  English  Songs  — Pawn- 
shop— "  Pelfry  "  used  by  Johnson — The  Pelican  Myth — 
"Pelham,"a  Bridle— French  Heraldry— *  Experiences  of 
a  Gaol  Chaplain'— Parish  Documents,  267— Holy  Maid  of 
Kent— Cromwell's  Bed-Linen— Italian  Lines  in  Shelley- 
Nelson  and  Warren  Decanter— Andrew  Edmeston — North- 
umberland and  Durham  Pedigrees— 'Prayer  for  Indiffer- 
ence ' — Carter  and  FJeetwood — "  Silesias  "  :  "  Pocketings  " 
— Upton  Snodsbury  Discoveries,  2*58— Font  Consecration — 
Chirk  Castle  Gates— Conditions  of  Sale-Col.  Sir  John 
Gumming — Semi-effigies— Acqua  Tofana — Anna  C.  Lane — 
—Lord  Kelvin  on  the  Tides  — Blind  Freemason  —  Kiplin 
or  Kipling  Family — "  Apple  "  in  Many  Languages,  269. 

REPLIES  :— Purcell's  Music  for  •  The  Tempest,'  270-Naval 
Action  of  1779— Zola's  'Rome'— Pin  Witchery,  271— 
Martyrdom  of  St.  Thomas  :  St.  Thomas  of  Hereford,  273— 
"Get  a  wiggle  on" — Jersey  Wheel— Graham— Joannes  v. 
Johannes,  274— St.  Thomas  Wohope— Jowett  and  Whewell 
-De  Keleseye  Family  — Westminster  School  Boarding- 
houses— Battlefield  Sayiugs— "  Bearded  like  the  pard. 
275— Author  and  Correct  Text— Godfrey  Higgins— Uncle 
Remus  in  Tuscany — Morland's  Grave — Willock  of  Bordley 

—  Latin  Quotations,  276  — Tickling  Trout  — Fingal  and 
Diarmid— Irresponsible  Scribblers,  277. 

NOTES    ON    BOOKS:-' English  Miracle  Plays '-Blake's 

'  Jerusalem ' — Asser's  '  Life  of  Alfred." 
Death  of  the  Rev.  W.  D.  Parish. 
Booksellers'  Catalogues. 


ODE  ON  PURCELL'S  DEATH. 
THE  ode  printed  below  is  not  among  the 
odes  and  poems  printed  in  the  first, 
»econd,  and  third  editions  of  the  'Orpheus 
Britannicus,'  and  it  may  therefore  prove  wel- 
come to  all  who  take  interest  in  anything 
concerning  Henry  Purcell.  It  is  to  be  found 
in  vol.  ii.  (pp.  184-6)  of  "  The  Works  of  |  John 
Sheffield  |  Earl  of  Mulgrave  |  Marauis  of 
Normanby  I  and  |  Duke  of  Buckingham  | 
Printed  for  John  Barber,  and  sold  |  by  the 
Booksellers  of  London  and  Westminster." 

ODE 

ON  THE  DEATH  OF  HENRY  PURCELL. 
Good  angels  snatch'd  him  eagerly  on  high  ; 
Joyful  they  flew,  singing  and  soaring  through  the 

Sky, 

Teaching  his  new-fledg'd  Soul  to  fly ; 
While  we,  alas  !  lamenting  lie. 
He  went  musing  all  along, 
Composing  new  their  heavenly  Song. 
A  while  his  skilful  Notes  loud  Hallelujahs  drown'd  ; 
But  soon  they  ceas'd  their  own,  to  catch  his  pleasing 

Sound. 

David  himself  improv'd  the  Harmony, 
David,  in  sacred  story  so  renown'd 
No  less  for  Music,  than  for  Poetry  ! 
Genius  sublime  in  either  Art ! 
Crown'd  with  Applause  surpassing  all  Desert ! 
A  Man  just  after  God's  own  Heart ! 
If  human  Cares  are  lawful  to  the  Blest, 
Already  settled  in  eternal  Rest : 
Needs  must  he  wish  that  Purcell  only  might 


Have  liv'd  to  set  what  he  vouchsaf'd  to  write. 
For,  sure,  the  noble  Thirst  of  Fame 
With  the  frail  Body  never  dies  ; 
But  with  the  Soul  ascends  the  Skies, 
From  whence  at  first  it  came. 
Tis  sure  no  little  Proof  we  have 
That  part  of  us  survives  the  Grave, 
And  in  our  Fame  below  still  bears  a  Share  : 
Why  is  the  Future  else  so  much  our  Care, 
Ev'n  in  our  latest  Moments  of  Despair? 
And  Death  despis'd  for  Fame  by  all  the  wise  and 

brave  ? 

Dh,  all  ye  blest  harmonious  Quire  ! 
Who  Power  Almighty  only  love,  and  only  that 

admire ! 

Look  down  with  Pity  from  your  peaceful  Bower, 
On  this  sad  Isle  perplex'd, 
And  ever,  ever  vex'd 

With  anxious  Care  of  trifles,  wealth  and  power. 
In  our  rough  Minds  due  Reverence  infuse 
For  sweet  melodious  Sounds,  and  each  harmonious 

Muse. 

Music  exalts  Man's  Nature,  and  inspires 
High  elevated  Thoughts,  or  gentle,  kind  Desires. 

John  Sheffield,  Duke  of  Buckingham 

(1640-1720/21). 

Under  the  title  of  the  poem  stand  the 
words  "Set  to  Musick."  It  would  be  inter- 
esting to  know  by  whom  the  music  was 
composed.  I  have  not  been  able  to  find  any 
trace  of  it.  J.  S.  S. 

JOHN  WEBSTER  AND  SLR  PHILIP 

SIDNEY. 
(See  ow/e,  p.  221.) 

THE  scene  in  '  The  Duchess  of  Malfi '  where 
Ferdinand  pays  a  visit  to  the  darkened 
chamber  of  his  sister,  causes  her  to  kiss  the 
dead  man's  hand,  and  then,  having  had  the 
room  brilliantly  lighted  up,  pulls  aside  a 
curtain  and  reveals  the  supposed  bodies  of 
Antonio  and  his  children,  is  closely  associated 
with  the  incident  of  the  supposed  decapita- 
tion of  Philoclea  in  the  'Arcadia.'  Ferdinand 
plays  the  part  of  Sidney's  Cecropia,  and  the 
horror  of  the  duchess  at  beholding  what  she 
believes  to  be  the  dead  bodies  of  her  children 
and  husband  parallels  the  anguish  of 
Pyrocles  at  witnessing  what  he  thinks  is 
the  execution  of  Philoclea.  The  resemblance 
between  the  two  incidents  is  particular  as 
well  as  general  in  character.  Pyrocles  tries 
to  brain  himself,  and  the  duchess,  equally 
resolved  not  to  survive  long  the  supposed 
death  of  her  husband,  expresses  a  determina- 
tion to  starve  herself  to  death.  At  this 
point,  in  both  pieces,  a  person  enters  who 
speaks  words  of  comfort.  The  following 
parallel  establishes  the  relation  between 
Webster's  scene  and  the  story  in  the 
'Arcadia':— 

"It  happened,  at  that  time  upon  his  bed,  toward 
the  dawning  of  the  day,  he  heard  one  stir  in  his 
chamber,  by  the  motion  of  garments,  and  with  an 


262 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  n.  OCT.  i,  i»ot 


angry  voice  asked  who  was  there.  '  A  poor  gentle- 
woman,' answered  the  party,  *  that  wish[esj  long 
life  unto  you.'  '  And  I  soon  death  unto  you,'  said 
he,  'for  the  horrible  curse  you  have  given  me.' " — 
'  Arcadia,'  book  iii. 

Duchess.  Who  must  despatch  me  ? 

I  account  this  world  a  tedious  theatre, 
For  I  do  play  a  part  in 't  against  my  will. 

Bosola.  Come,  be  of  comfort ;  I  will  save  your  life. 

Duch.  Indeed,  I  have  not  leisure  to  tend 
So  small  a  business. 

Bos.  Now,  by  my  life,  I  pity  you. 

Duch.  Thou  art  a  fool,  then, 
To  waste  thy  pity  on  a  thing  so  wretched 

As  cannot  pity  itself 

Enter  Servant. 
What  are  you  ? 

Serv.  One  that  wishes  you  long  life. 

Duch.  I  would  thou  wert  hang'd  for  the  horrible 

curse 
Thou  hast  given  me.  IV.  i.  100-14. 

Of  course,  only  the  latter  portion  of  this 
quotation  resembles  the  reply  of  Pyrocles  to 
his  comforter ;  but  as  the  dialogue  between 
the  duchess  and  Bosola  is  from  another  part 
of  the  '  Arcadia/  I  quoted  at  length. 

"  But  she,  as  if  he  had  spoken  of  a  small  matter 
when  he  mentioned  her  life,  to  which  she  had  not 
leisure  to  attend,  desired  him,  if  he  loved  her,  to 
show  it  in  finding  some  way  to  save  Antiphilus. 
For  her,  she  found  the  world  but  a  wearisome  stage 
unto  her,  where  she  played  a  part  against  her  will, 
and  therefore  besought  him  not  to  cast  his  love  in 
so  unfruitful  a  place  as  could  not  love  itself,"  &c. — 
'  Arcadia,'  book  ii. 

The  lady  in  this  case  is  the  queen  Erona, 
who  is  bewailing  the  misfortunes  of  herself 
and  her  husband.  In  her  sorrow,  says  Sid- 
ney, one  could  "  perceive  the  shape  of  loveli- 
ness more  perfectly  in  woe  than  in  joyful- 
ness."  These  words,  slightly  altered,  help  to 
describe  the  duchess  in  her  grief  : — 

Bosola.  You  may  discern  the  shape  of  loveliness 
More  perfect  in  her  tears  than  in  her  smiles. 

IV.  i.  8-9. 
Again  :— 

Duchess.  I  am  acquainted  with  sad  misery 
As  the  tann'd  galley-slave  is  with  his  oar ; 
Necessity  makes  me  suffer  constantly, 
And  custom  makes  it  easy.    Who  do  I  look  like 

now? 

Cariola.  Like  to  your  picture  in  the  gallery, 
A  deal  of  life  in  show,  but  none  in  practice. 

IV.  ii.  34-9. 

The  last  two  lines  are  from  a  speech  of 
Pyrocles,  who  says  he  was  stunned  when  he 
beheld  the  glorious  beauty  of  Philoclea  for 
the  first  time ;  he  could  not  take  his  eyes 
from  her,  his  sight 

"  was  so  fixed  there  that  I  imagine  I  stood  like  a 
well-wrought  image,  with  some  life  in  show,  but 
none  in  practice." — Book  i. 

An  echo  of  the  saying  is  to  be  found  in  '  The 
Devil's  Law-Case,'  which  often  repeats  'The 
Duchess  of  Malfi '  :— 


Jolenta.    My  being   with  child   was   merely  in 

supposition, 
Not  practice.  V.  i.  21-2. 

Philoclea  asks  Pamela  : — 

"  Do  yoxi  love  your  sorrow  so  well  as  to  grudge 
me  part  of  it?  Or  do  you  think  I  shall  not  love  a 
sad  Pamela  so  well  as  a  joyful?  Or  be  my  ears 
unworthy,  or  my  tongue  suspected?  What  is  it, 
my  sister,  that  you  should  conceal  from  your  sister 
— yea,  and  servant,  Philoclea?"—'  Arcadia,' book  ii. 

When  using  this  passage  of  the  'Arcadia' 
Webster  tacked  on  to  it  a  reply  imitated 
from  Shakespeare : — 

Julia.  Are  you  so  far  in  love  with  sorrow 
You  cannot  part  with  part  of  it  ?  or  think  you 
I  cannot  love  your  grace  when  you  are  sad 
As  well  as  merry  ?  or  do  you  suspect 
I,  that  have  been  a  secret  to  your  heart 
These  many  winters,  cannot  be  the  same 
Unto  your  tongue  ? 

Cardinal.  Satisfy  thy  longing, — 

The  only  way  to  make  thee  keep  my  counsel 
Is,  not  to  tell  thee.  V.  ii.  270-9. 

Everybody  remembers  the  reply  of  Hotspur 
to  Lady  Percy  :— 

Constant  you  are, 
But  yet  a  woman  :  and  for  secrecy, 
No  lady  closer  ;  for  I  well  believe 
Thou  wilt  not  utter  what  thou  dost  not  know. 

'1  Henry  IV., 'II.  iii.  113-16: 
A  somewhat  similar  thing  occurs  again  in- 
Webster's  play.  He  refers  to  a  saying  varied 
from  Sir  Francis  Bacon,  and  follows  it  up 
with  a  reply  taken  from  Sidney's  '  Astrophel 
and  Stella.' 

In  'The   White  Devil,'  as  Dyce  pointed 
out,  the  lines 
Perfumes,  the  more  they  are  chaf'd,  the  more  they 

render 

Their  pleasing  scents  ;  and  so  affliction 
Expresseth  virtue  fully,  &c. 

(11.  60-2,  Dyce,  p.  6,  col.  1), 
parallel  Bacon's 

"  Certainly  virtue  is  like  precious  odours,  most 
fragrant  when  they  are  incensed  or  crushed ;  for 
prosperity  doth  best  discover  vice,  but  adversity 
doth  best  discover  virtue." — Essay  of  'Adversity.' 

That  the  allusion  to  the  crushing  of 
perfumes  to  make  them  smell  sweeter 
is  proverbial  is  recognized,  Lyly  in  his 
'Euphues'  having  the  remark,  "If  you 
pound  spices  they  smell  the  sweeter  "  (Arber, 
p.  41, 1.  23).  But  the  particular  application 
of  the  proverb  in  Webster,  his  mode  of 
phrasing  it,  and  the  circumstance  that  lie 
has  copied  much  from  Bacon— especially 
from  the  latter's  'Apophthegms'  —  are 
sufficient  testimony  as  to  the  origin  of  the 
saying  in  '  The  White  Devil.'  The  passage 
in  '  The  Duchess  of  Malfi '  is  as  follows  :— 

Antonio.  O,  be  of  comfort ! 
Make  patience  a  noble  fortitude. 

Man,  like  to  cassia,  is  prov'd  best,  being  bruis'd- 


ID*  s.  ii.  OCT.  1.19W.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


263 


Duch.  Must  I,  like  to  a  slave-born  Russian, 
Account  it  praise  to  suffer  tyranny  ? 

III.  v.  87-92, 

The    quarto    of    1640    reads    "ruffian"    for 
*'  Russian."    Compare  :— 

And  now,  like  slave-borne  Muscovite, 
I  call  it  praise  to  suffer  tyrannie. 

*  Astrophel  and  Stella,'  II. 

The  tragedy  of  c  Selimus '  copies  several 
times  from  Sidney's  'Astrophel  and  Stella,' 
and  amongst  other  phrases  it  has  "slave- 
born  Muscovites"  (1.  551,  Grosart).  Sidney's 
saying  passed  into  a  proverb : — 

Alberto.  I  tamely  bear 

Wrongs  which  a  slave-born  Muscovite  would  check 
at.  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  '  The  Fair 

Maid  of  the  Inn,'  V.  iii. 

And  again,  in  the  same  authors'  plays,  we 
find  this  :— 

MaMicorn.  We  are  true  Muscovites  to  our  wives, 
and  are  never  better  pleased  than  when  they  use  us 
as  slaves,  bridle  and  saddle  us,  &c. — 'The  Honest 
Man's  Fortune,'  III.  iii. 

CHAS.  CRAWFORD. 
(To  be  continued.) 


THE    MUSSUK. 

AMONG  various  articles  which  were  crowded 
out  from  my  book  reviewed  ante,  p.  19,  was 
one  about  the  mussuk. 

When  as  a  boy  I  first  saw  the  Assyrian 
sculptures,  I  assumed  that  the  skins  were 
pigskins  ;  but  the  veriest  tiro  in  Oriental 
customs  knows  that  such  a  thing  could  never 
be,  as  the  Oriental  horror  of  the  pig  is 
religious  as  well  as  personal.  So  it  is  with 
the  Jews.  The  Assyrians,  no  doubt,  had  the 
same  feelings. 

When  I  was  having  the  reproduction  of 
the  Assyrian  sculptures  done  for  my  book, 
I  wanted  to  see  what  uses  a  mussuk  was  put 
to,  and  all  about  it,  as  in  five  out  of  the 
seven  illustrations  the  mussuk  is  depicted.  I 
imagined  that  all  I  had  to  do  was  to  consult 
the  dictionaries,  but  soon  found  I  was  mis- 
taken. Making  known  my  difficulty  to 
friends,  I  was  referred  to  all  sorts  of  books 
where  I  should  be  sure  to  find  all  about  it. 
One  of  these  was  Baron  Charles  Hiigel's 
1  Kashmir/  1845.  This  book  has  a  frontis- 
piece of  a  man  on  a  raft,  and  on  p.  247  is  an 
illustration  of  a  man  on  a  large  inflated 
buffalo  skin,  swimming  across  a  river.  I  was 
unable  to  find  any  description. 

The  only  dictionary  mention  I  could  find 
is  in  Yule's  *  Hobson-Jobson,'  1886  :— 

"Mussuck,  the  leather  water-bag,  consisting  of 
the  entire  skin  of  a  large  goat,  stript  of  the  hair  and 

dressed,  which  is  carried  by  a man  who  carries 

water." 


I  find  no  more  in  the  second  edition,  1903. 
It  will  be  observed  that  this  is  just  the  con- 
trary of  the  use  I  want.  It  is  a  land  use,  not 
use  in  the  water.  It  was  not  the  mere  men- 
tion I  required,  but  a  minute  description  of 
the  way  it  was  used.  If  the  mussuk  is  named 
by  Layard,  it  is  not  in  the  index  (a  wretched 
one)  to  his  *  Nineveh.'  In  the  quotation  I 
give  in  my  book  (p.  83)  he  calls  the  mussuks 
only  "inflated  skins." 

Some  writers  put  a  c  to  mussuk  ;  as  I  see  no- 
use  in  having  an  unpronounced  letter  in,  I 
leave  it  out. 

All  sources  failing,  I  then  had  recourse  to 

Smr  (much  too  occasional)  correspondent 
r.  Walter  Sandford  ;  but  though  he  has 
spent  twenty  years  in  India  and  travelled 
there  on  an  average  over  five  thousand  miles 
a  year,  he  is  like  the  people  I  refer  to  in  my 
book  (p.  15),  who,  though  they  had  been  to 
all  parts  of  the  world,  had  never  thought  of 
observing  how  the  natives  swam. 

Mr.  Sandford  sent  the  following  questions 
to  his  brother,  and  I  should  say  that  his 
replies  are  correct.  Another  copy  was  sent 
to  a  different  person,  who  had  been  over 
twenty  years  on  the  Indus,  and  who  replied  to 
the  questions  in  the  most  astonishing  manner. 
I  feel  certain  his  answers  are  wrong  when, 
for  example,  he  says  that  a  person  can  learn 
to  swim  with  a  mussuk  in  three  or  four  trials. 
But  he  also  says  that  it  is  easier  than  learn- 
ing to  swim,  and  that  it  is  possible  to  swim 
with  one  and  blow  it  out  at  the  same  time  ! 
(See  my  book,  p.  130.)  I  cite  this  to  show  the 
difficulty  of  getting  correct  information ;  it 
is  really  necessary  to  cross-examine  a  witness 
like  this. 

These  are  the  questions : — 1.  What  is  an 
inflated  skin  used  for  swimming  called?  2. 
If  a  mussuk,  of  what  is  it  maae?  3.  How 
long  does  it  take  a  person  to  learn  to  swim 
with  one  ?  4.  Is  it  easier  than  learning  to 
swim  in  the  usual  way?  5.  Do  people  who- 
cannot  swim  use  mussuks?  6.  How  is  it 
blown  out?  7.  Is  it  possible  to  swim  with 
one  and  blow  it  out  at  the  same  time,  as 
represented  in  the  Assyrian  sculptures  pic- 
tured in  Layard's  '  Nineveh '  ? 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  idea  in  these 
questions  was  that  mussuks  were  mainly 
used  for  learning  to  swim  ;  but  there  is  little 
doubt  that  this  idea  is  wrong  and  that  such 
use  would  only  be  occasional.  In  fact,  as 
Dr.  Budge  says  (in  my  '  Swimming,'  p.  78), 
Orientals  do  not  swim  for  pleasure. 

Anstoers  to  Mr.  Thomas's  queries  about  musaukt 

\floating,  <ttc. 

1.  An  inflated  skin  used  for  swimming,  or  rather 
floating,  is  called  a  mussuk.  From  my  observation. 


264 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  11.  OCT.  i,  im. 


•I  should  say  it  is  not  used  for  proper  swimming, 
but  merely  as  a  float  to  allow  people  to  cross  rivers 
dn  times  of  flood,  when  they  are  convenient  for 
.passing  over  small  loads,  such  as  parcels,  postbags, 
>&c.,  which  would  hardly  be  possible  were  the  carrier 
to  swim  in  the  ordinary  way. 

2.  A  mussuk  is  made  of  a  goat  or  buffalo  calf  s 
skin,  which  is  taken  off  whole,  but  the  legs  are  cut 
off  about  the  knees,  and  are  tied  up  so  that  the  neck 
is  the  only  open  part. 

3.  The  management  of  a  mussuk  requires  a  cer- 
tain amount  of  skill,  but  I  am  unable  to  say  how 
'long  it  would  take  to  learn  the  manipulation  of  it. 
As  with  many  other  things  in  India,  mussuks  are 
'most  generally  only  used  by  people  living  on  the 
banks  of   rivers,  whose  hereditary  occupation  is 
•fishing  and  boating,   &c.,   and  so  the  use  of  the 

mussuk  comes  to  them  from  their  infancy  almost  as 
soon  as  they  learn  to  walk,  so  that  it  may  be  said  it 
4s  never  learnt. 

4.  The  people  who  use  the  mussuk  also  know  how 
to  swim,  and  they  only  use  it  as  a  support  to  ease 
themselves  in  crossing  broad  rivers. 

5.  I  doubt  if  people    who    cannot   swim    make 
regular  use  of  mussuks,  but  most  Indian  people 
of  the  inferior  castes  swim  very  well,  particularly 
those  living  near  big  rivers. 

6  and  7.  I  believe  the  mussuk  is  inflated  with  the 
mouth,  as,  to  my  knowledge,  they  have  no  special 
appliance  for  the  purpose.  I  have  never  seen  a 
mussuk  inflated ;  they  certainly  are  not  inflated  or 
kept  blown  out  while  crossing  a  river,  as  shown  in 
Assyrian  sculptures. 

I  take  it  that  mussuks  are  only  used  to  support  a 
swimmer  in  going  a  long  distance,  as  in  crossing  a 
river.  Other  similar  means  of  floating  are  (a)  by 
means  of  a  cot  supported  on  hollow  gourds  ;  (b)  by 
means  of  leather  bags  tied  round  the  edge  to  a 
hoop,  like  the  coracle  of  the  ancient  Britons  ;  (c)  by 
means  of  an  empty  sugar-pan  ;  and  (d)  in  Assam  by 
means  of  a  raft  made  from  the  stems  of  the  wild 
plantain  tied  together. 

Perhaps  the  cot  arrangement  (a)  is  the  most 
nearly  allied  to  swimming,  and  it  is  managed  thus : — 
A  common  string  bedstead  called  a  charpon  (four 
legs)  is  brought  out,  and  two  large  bundles  of  hollow 
gourds  fastened  to  the  string  part  of  it.  The  cot  is 
then  turned  over  and  put  in  the  water,  the  legs 
then  uppermost,  and  the  passenger  takes  his  seat 
on  a  box  on  the  under  side  of  the  strings,  and  two  or 
four  men,  with  one  arm  round  the  legs,  swim  away 
with  it  to  the  opposite  side,  keeping  as  direct  a 
course  as  they  can.  When  the  current  is  strong, 
they  cross  the  river  in  a  diagonal  line,  and  may 
land  a  mile  or  two  down  stream.  In  this  way,  with 
these  bundles  of  gourds,  carts  and  animals  cross 
over,  only  in  this  case  no  cot  is  used,  the  gourds 
being  fixed  on  in  convenient  positions,  so  that  the 
load  may  get  as  little  wet  as  possible. 

The  coracle  arrangement  is  used,  I  think,  only  in 
the  rivers  of  Southern  India. 

Another  means  of  floating  in  use  by  the  fishermen 
on  the  Indus  is  to  rest  the  stomach  on  the  mouth  of 
a  specially  made  earthen  pot,  into  which  the  fish 
are  put  as  they  are  caught.  But  this  again  is 
floating,  not  swimming,  though  the  art  of  floating 
in  this  way  is,  I  believe,  very  difficult  to  attain  by 
any  one  who  is  not  born  to  it.  Mussuk  floating  is 
often  practised,  and  that  successfully,  by  Europeans 
as  a  pastime  in  a  large  swimming-bath. 

J.  R.  SANDFORD. 

•Coonoor,  22  Sept.,  1901 


The  only  piece  about  this  aid  that  I  have 
come  across  is  from  *  Voyage  dans  PEmpire 
Othoman,  1'Egypte,  et  la  Perse,'  par  G.  A. 
Olivier.  1807,  vol.  iii  p.  452  :— 

"  Tout  le  terns  que  nous  fumes  campes  sur  les 
bords  de  1'Euphrate,  nous  vimes  passer  au  milieu 
du  fleuve  des  families  arabes  qui  allaient  faire  leur 
moisson.  Le  mari,  la  fern  me  et  les  enfans  etaient 
appuyes  sur  des  outres  enflees,  et  se  lassaient  emporter 
par  le  courant ;  ils  nageaient  des  pieds  et  de  1'une 
ou  1'autre  main  lorsqu'ils  voulaient  accelerer  leur 
marche,  ou  se  diriger  a  droite  ou  a  gauche.  Les 
enfans  a  la  mamelle,  et  ceux  qui  n'avaient  pas 
encore  la  force  et  1'adresse  d'aller  seuls,  etaient  lies 
sur  les  epaules  de  la  femme  ou  sur  celles  de 
I'homme.  Nous  avons  vu  jusqu'a  sept  enfans  suivre 
de  cette  maniere  leur  parens.  Les  provisions  pour 
le  voyage  Etaient  enferme'es  dans  1'une  des  outres, 
et  les  vetemens  Etaient  lies  autour  de  la  tete." 

Further  on  he  says  (p.  453)  there  is  no 
crocodile  or  dangerous  fish  in  the  Euphrates. 

I  hope  the  above  will  enable  the  next 
editor  of  a  dictionary  to  give  some  descrip- 
tion. I  regret  to  see,  however,  that  such 
editors  dp  not  always  avail  themselves  of  the 
information  in  '  N.  &  O.,'  for  the  superstition 
about  the  costs  in  the  Thellussqn  case,  which 
I  exposed  in  8th  S.  xii.  489,  is  still  repeated  in 
the  last  edition  of  Haydn's  *  Dictionary  of 
Dates.'  Knowing  how  badly  such  com- 
pilations pay,  and  the  great  difficulty  of 
altering  stereotyped  books,  I  do  not  feel 
inclined  to  make  any  severe  remarks  on  the 
subject'.  KALPH  THOMAS. 


ANOTHER  HEUSKARIAN  RARITY.— A  year 
ago  *N.  &Q.'  (9th  S.  xii.  285)  published  my 
announcement  of  the  discovery,  in  the  Stadt- 
Bibliothek  at  Hamburg,  of  a  thitherto  un- 
known hymn-book  in  Labourdin  Baskish. 
1  had  the  luck  to  discover  in  a  tavern  at 
Legaspia,  in  the  province  of  Guipuzcoa,  on 
20  August,  an  equally  unknown  catechism  in 
the  Biscayan  dialect.  The  tabernero  who  sold 
it  to  me  stated  that  only  two  days  previously 
he  had  destroyed  some  still  earlier  books  in 
Baskish.  What  treasures  may  have  thus 
perished  !  The  modern  Basks  do  not  appre- 
ciate their  old  books,  and  many  similar  cases 
of  vandalism  have  been  brought  to  my  notice. 
The  book  is  complete  and  well  preserved, 
consisting  of  114  pages.  Its  title,  in  nineteen 
lines,  runs  thus  : — 

JHS.  |  Dotrina  |  Cristtana  \  edo  Cristinau    Do-  | 
trinea,  bere   Declaracirio  |  laburra  gaz  :  Itande,  ta 
|  eranzuerac  gaz,  Aita  |  Astete  ren  Librucho-  |  ric 
aterea.  |  Azquenean  Ari-  |  men  salvacioraco  bear  | 
direan    gauearen  |  batzuc.  |  Gucia   Cura   Jaun,  |  ta 
Escola  Maisuai  Jesus-  |  en  Compauiaco  Aita  Agus- 
|  tin  Cardaberaz  ec  |  ofrecietan,  ta  dedi-  |  quetan 
deutse. 
One  may  translate  it  thus  : — 


.  ii.  OCT.  1,190*.]          NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


265 


The  Christian  Doctrine,  or  the  Doctrine  of  Chris- 
tians, with  its  short  Explanation :  with  Questions 
and  Answers,  taken  from  Father  Astete's  Booklet. 
At  the  end  some  things  which  are  necessary  for 
Salvation  of  Souls.  Father  Augustin  Cardaberaz, 
of  the  Company  of  Jesus,  offers  and  dedicates  the 
whole  to  the  Lords  Curates  and  Schoolmasters. 

The  date  and  place  of  printing  are  not  indi- 
cated ;  but  the  book  resembles  others  of  the 
same  author  produced  by  Antonio  Castilla 
in  Irufia— i.e  ,  Pamplona  (formerly  Pompi- 
lona).  Moreover,  Don  J.  M.  Bernaola,  Pres- 
bytero,  who  resides  in  Durango  (where  he 
last  year  discovered  some  interesting  notes — 
one  of  them  in  Baskish — in  the  handwriting 
of  Juan  Zumarraga,  not  De  Zumarraga,  the 
first  Bishop  of  Mexico,  inside  some  books 
which  that  eminent  octogenarian  had  given 
to  the  convent  of  Franciscan  nuns),  noticed 
that  on  p.  101  there  is  a  clue  to  the  date  in  the 
words  at  the  foot,  which  mean, "  Our  own  king 
has  taken  last  year,  with  the  benedictions  and 
indulgences  of  the  Holy  Father,  Most  Holy 
Mary  in  her  pure  conception  for  patroness  in 
all  Spain."  He  points  out  that  that  act  took 
place  in  1761,  and  that  the  book  was  there- 
fore written,  if  not  published,  in  1762 ;  and 
farther  that  it  must  be  the  edition  (evidently 
the  first)  mentioned  in  a  list  of  Baskish 
books  by  Zabala,  the  best  of  Biscayan  gram- 
marians. No  mention  of  this  edition  is  to  be 
found  in  M.  J.  Vinson's  bibliography.  It  is 
especially  interesting  as  showing  that  Car- 
daberaz, who  was  a  Guipuzcoan,  born  at 
Hernani,  near  Donostian,  had  learnt  to  write 
very  well  in  Biscayan.  The  dialects  of  the  two 
adjoining  provinces  differ  almost  as  much  as 
Portuguese  and  Castilian.  The  book  ends 
with  the  words:  "Erri  guztietaco  modura, 
ta  gucien  gustora  Libru  batean  escribitcea, 
ecin  izango  dan  gauza  da.  Laus  Deo  " — i.e., 
"  To  write  in  one  book  after  the  manner  of 
all  the  districts,  and  to  the  liking  of  all 
(men),  is  the  thing  which  will  be  impossible. 
Praise  to  God."  The  praise,  it  is  to  be  pre- 
sumed, is  not  offered  because  of  the  immense 
dialectal  and  orthographical  diversity  that 
writers  in  Baskish  have  to  face,  now  as  in 
the  eighteenth  century,  but  for  the  successful 
conclusion  of  the  little  volume  in  spite  of 
that  obstacle.  EDWARD  S.  DODGSON. 

VlCAR   EXECUTED    FOR  WITCHCRAFT.— John 

Lowes  (or  Loes),  vicar  of  Brandeston,  was 
executed  for  witchcraft  in  1646  (see  8th  S.  ix. 
223).  He  was  of  St.  John's  College,  Cam- 
bridge, B.A.  1593/4,  M.A.  1597.  Sir  Matthew 
Hale  seems  to  have  felt  no  compunction  for 
his  share  in  a  like  tragedy  ;  Bishop  Burnet, 
in  his  life  of  the  judge,  does  not  so  much 
as  mention  the  incident.  In  our  time  the 


belief  in  witchcraft  has  been  revived.  See 
Friedrich  Nippold,  'Kleine  Schriften  zur 
inneren  Geschichte  des  Katholizismus,'  ii. 
(Jena,  1899),  article  vii.  pp.  136-83,  who 
cites  a  controversy  in  the  Hastings  and 
St.  Leonard's  News,  which  began  on 
19  November,  1875.  See,  on  the  whole 
question,  the  following  : — 

H.  Ch.  Lea,  *  History  of  the  Inquisition  of  the 
Middle  Ages,'  iii.  (1887)  pp.  379  sea. 

A.  Lehmann,  *  Aberglauoe  und  Zauberei  von  den 
altesten  Zeiten  bis  zur  Gegenwart '  (1898). 

Joseph  Hansen,  '  Zauberwahn,  Inquisition  und 
Hexenprozess  im  Mittelalter  und  die  Entstehung 
dergrossen  Hexen-Verfolgung,'  "HistorischeBiblio- 
thek,"  Band  XII.  (Miinchen  und  Leipzig,  R. 
Oldenbourg,  1900). 

Graf  von  Hoensbroech,  *  Das  Papstthum  in  seiner 
sozial-kulturellen  Wirksamkeit,  I.3  Inquisition, 
Aberglaube,  Teufelspuk  und  Hexenwahn  '  ( Leipzig, 
Breitkopf  &  Hiirtel,  1901),  Book  III.  pp.  380-599  ; 
Book  IV.  pp.  661-99. 

Gustav  Roskoff,  'Geschichte  des  Teuf els '  (Leip- 
zig, 1869),  vol.  ii.  pp.  206-364. 

J.  Buchmann,  '  Unfreie  und  freie  Kirche  in  ihren 
Beziehungen zum  Damonismus'  (Breslau,  1873). 

And.  Dickson  White,  *  A  History  of  the  Warfare 
of  Science  with  Theology  in  Christendom  '  (London, 
Macmillan,  1896,  2  vols.). 

Many  books  are  cited  by  Zockler  in  his 
article  '  Hexen  und  Hexenprozesse '  ("  Real- 
encyklopadie  fur  protestantische  Theologie 

und  Kirche,  begriindet  von  J.  J.  Herzog 

herausgegeben  von  D.  Albert  Hauck,"  viii3. 
(Leipzig,  J.  C.  Hinrichs,  1900),  pp.  30-6. 

JOHN  E.  B.  MAYOR. 

Cambridge. 

"!N  PURIS  NATURALIBUS."  —  A  peculiar 
use  of  this  well-known  phrase  is  found  in 
Richard  Holt's  *  Short  Treatise  of  Artificial 
Stone '  (London,  1730),  p.  39.  He  has  been 
speaking  of  the  faulty  character  of  the  clay- 
ware  commonly  called  potters'  ware,  and  of 
the  cheating  ways  resorted  to  by  potters  to 
make  their  goods  saleable.  He  goes  on  : — 

"  I  'm  ready  to  detect  and  lay  open  this  great 
fraud,  as  becomes  an  honest  man  ;  and  for  my  own 
part,  am  resolved,  if  possible,  to  prevail  with  such 
gentlemen,  as  favour  me  with  their  commissions,  to 
be  present,  as  well  as  myself,  at  the  drawing  of  the 
kilns;  that  they  may  see  their  goods,  in  punt 
naturalibM,  and  as  they  come  out  of  the  fire. 

C.  DEEDES. 
Chichester. 

ARAGO  ON  NEWTON.— In  the  third  volume- 
of  Arago's  *  Notices  Biographiques '  is  given, 
(p.  335)  the  following  story  about  Newton, 
which  is  copied  into  the  great  philosopher's- 
life  in  the  thirty  -  seventh  volume  of  the 
4  Nouvelle  Biographic  Generale'  :— 

"  J'ai  appris  de  Lord  Brougham,  que  pendant 
la  guerre  dea  Cevennes,  Newton  s'etait  prepare  a 
aller  combattre  dans  les  rangs  des  Caimsards  les 


266 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  11.  OCT.  i,  iw*. 


-dragons  du  marechal  de  Villars,  et  qu'une  circon- 
stance  fortuite  1'empecha  seule  de  donner  suite  a 
ce  dessein.  Comment  le  timide  Newton  se  fut-il 
-conduit  sur  le  champ  de  bataille,  lui  qui,  de  crainte 
de  tomber,  ne  se  promenait  en  voiture  dans  les  rues 
de  Londres  que  les  bras  e"tendus  et  les  mains  cram- 
ponnees  aux  deux  portieres.  On  concevra  d'apres 
•ce  seul  fait  que  la  question  puisse  etre  soulevee  et 
devenir  le  sujet  d'un  doute." 

Surely  we  may  indeed  doubt,  or  rather 
absolutely  reject,  not  only  uce  seul  fait,"  but 
the  whole  of  the  above  story.  Yet  it  is 
copied  into  the  4  Nouvelle  Biographie  Gene- 
rale  '  with  the  omission  of  the  last  sentence 
.and  the  "  doute."  Let  us  look  at  the  dates. 
The  first  rising  of  the  Camisards  broke  out 
in  the  Cevennes  in  the  year  1689,  four  years 
after  the  revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes, 
but  it  did  not  assume  wide  dimensions  until 
1702,  nor  was  it  till  1704  that  Villars  (super- 
seding Montrevel)  took  charge  of  the  troops 
sent  to  suppress  it.  At  that  time  Newton  was 
in  the  sixty-second  year  of  his  age.  Where 
Brougham  (who  was  born  more  than  fifty 
years  after  the  death  of  Newton)  got  the 
absurd  story  from  it  would  be  hard  to  say. 
Possibly  there  may  have  been  a  tradition 
that  Newton  had  been  heard  in  conversation 
to  express  sympathy  with  the  persecuted 
Huguenots.  It  was,  I  suppose,  inevitable 
that  Arago  should  speak  of  Newton's  half- 
niece,  Miss  Catherine  Barton,  as  "veuve 
du  colonel  Barton"  (she  was  really  his 
sister).  But  the  remarks  about  his  timidity 
and  the  reflection  about  his  supposed  scheme 
of  taking  part  in  warfare  should  have  been 
omitted.  Nor  is  it  at  all  likely  that  his 
knighthood  by  Anne  in  1705  had,  as  Arago 
suggests,  anything  to  do  with  his  defeat  as 
one  of  the  candidates  for  a  seat  in  Parliament 
that  year.  The  biography  from  which  I  have 
already  quoted  says  erroneously  that  in  that 
year  "  il  reQut  de  la  reine  Anne  le.  titre  de 
baronnet."  W.  T.  LYNN. 

Blackheath. 

NEW  STYLE,  1582.  — In  his  'Book  of  Al- 
manacs '  De  Morgan  refers  us  to  Almanac  28 
(Easter,  18  April)  for  the  year  subsequent 
to  the  omitted  days  (5-14  October).  This  is 
•an  error,  and  it  involves  a  breach  of  the 
•Sunday  sequence.  The  almanac  to  use  is 
No.  35  (Easter,  25  April).  Under  O.S. 
30  September  was  the  sixteenth  Sunday 
after  Trinity.  The  Bull  of  Gregory  XIII. 
orders  17  October  to  be  treated  as  the 
•eighteenth  Sunday  after  Pentecost  (seven- 
teenth after  Trinity).  C.  S.  WARD. 

"  REDUCE."— Under  this  word  in  the  '  Ox- 
English  Dictionary '  the  earliest  quota- 
tion given  in  illustration  of   the  sense  "to 


degrade  a  non-commissioned  officer  "  is  from 
James's  'Military  Dictionary,'  1802;  and 
under  the  word  '  Reduction '  the  date  of  the 
earliest  quotation  applying  to  the  same  sense 
is  1806.  But  the  records  of  courts-martial  in 
Tangiers,  1664-6,  supply  several  instances  of 
non-commissioned  officers  having  been  sen- 
tenced to  be  "  reduced  to  a  private  centinel," 
"reduced  to  private  soldiers,"  &c.;  and  about 
a  hundred  years  later,  in  1768,  Cuthbertson, 
writing  of  unworthy  sergeants  and  corporals, 
says  :— 

"No  time  is  to  be  lost  in  reducing  such  improper 
persons,  and  appointing  those  in  their  room  who 
will  acquit  themselves  with  diligence  and  spirit." — 
'  System  of  a  Battalion,'  p.  10. 

W.  S. 

OAKS  :  THEIR  AGE.  —  The  following  ap- 
peared in  the  Shrewsbury  Chronicle  of  9  Sep- 
tember : — 

"There  has  just  been  sawn  up  in  a  Shrewsbury 
timber  yard  a  gigantic  oak  felled  on  the  Walcot 
estate  of  the  Earl  of  Powis.  The  trunk  at  the  base 
was  seven  feet  in  diameter,  it  weighed  some  ten 
tons,  and  the  rings,  it  is  said,  prove  that  the  tree 
was  more  than  a  thousand  years  old." 

I  am  not  a  judge  of  age,  but  I  should  think 
500  years  is  more  likely.  It  has  been  cut  up 
for  coffin-lids.  The  beauty  of  the  surface 
compelled  me  to  purchase  two  lengths,  so 
that  I  may  have  a  piece  of  household  furni- 
ture made.  HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 
Shrewsbury. 

"FRESHMAN"  WOMEN.  —  The  offices  of 
chairman  and  alderman  have  frequently  been 
filled — and  creditably — by  ladies,  with  the 
usual  waggery  with  regard  to  their  titles. 
The  term  "freshman"  seems  to  be  employed 
in  America  to  designate  lady  students  lately 
arrived.  In  an  article  on  co-education  in 
Harpers  Weekly  (20  August),  Dr.  E.  Van  de 
Warker  writes : — 

"The  freshman  young  women  attempt  to  break 
up  a  sophomore  supper  by  capturing  the  president 
and  hazing  her  about  town  in  a  public  hack  until 
late  at  night.  Female  sophomores  scale  dangerous 
fire-escapes  to  remove  a  freshman  flag." 

Apparently  the  American  lady  students 
have  adopted  the  names  and  pranks  of  their 
brother  collegians. 

FRANCIS  P.  MARCH  ANT. 

"STRICKEN  FIELD."— Some  time  ago  there 
was  some  discussion  in  print  (not,  I  think, 
in  *  N.  &  Q.')  as  to  the  meaning  of  the  ex- 
pression "a  stricken  field,"  used  by  Lord 
Salisbury  at  the  Guildhall  on  9  November, 
1898,  with  reference  to  Lord  Kitchener's 
victory  at  Omdurman.  I  never  saw  any 
definite  explanation  given,  but  some  light 
may  be  thrown  on  the  phrase  by  a  sentence 


io»  s.  ii.  OCT.  i,i904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


267 


in  '  Rob  Roy,'  ch.  xxi.,  viz.,  "  the  news  of  a 
field  stricken  and  won  in  Flanders."  Evi- 
dently this  means  a  field  on  which  a  general 
joins  "battle  and  wins  the  field.  WECO. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct.  

FRENCH  BURDENS  TO  ENGLISH  SONGS.— Will 
any  of  your  readers  who  are  experts  in  old 
French  poetry  tell  me  if  they  have  ever  met 
with  the  original  of  Infida's  song  in  Greene's 
*  Never  too  Late,'  or  with  its  refrain- 
Sweet  Adon,  dar'st  not  glance  thine  eye — 

N'oserez  vous,  mon  bel  ami  ? 
Upon  thy  Venus  that  must  die? 
Je  vous  enprie,  pity  me. 

N'oserez  vous,  mon  bel,  mon  bel, 
N'oserez  vous,  mon  bel  ami  ? 

and  of  Mullidor's   madrigal  in   *  Never  too 

Late'— 

In  summer  time  I  saw  a  face 
Trop  belle  pour  moi,  heUas,  helas  ! 

Trop  belle  pour  moi,  voil&  mon  tr^pas. 
Mon  dieu,  aide  moi. 

H6  done  je  serai  un  jeune  roi ! 
Trop  belle  pour  moi,  helas,  helas  ! 
Trop  belle  pour  moi,  voil&  mon  tr£pas. 

J.  C.  C. 

PAWNSHOP. — This  seems  to  be  a  compara- 
tively recent  word.  In  occurs  in  'Tom 
Brown's  School  Days,'  1857.  We  should 
like  an  earlier  instance. 

J.  A.  H.  MURRAY. 

"PELFRY"  USED  BY  JOHNSON.— In  Samuel 
Pegge's  'Anecdotes  of  the  English  Language ' 
it  is  said  (ed.  1803,  p.  35)  of  Dr.  Johnson, 
"  There  are  many  words  in  his  own  writings, 
which  are  not  found  in  his  *  Dictionary ' — 
Pdfry  for  instance."  But  Pegge  does  not 
state  where  this  word  occurs  in  Johnson's 
writings,  and  our  readers  have  not  supplied 
the  quotation.  Can  any  reader  of  '  N.  &  Q.' 
supply  it  ]  It  would  be  a  late  instance  of  the 
word,  which  is  rare  after  1600. 

J.  A.  H.  MURRAY. 

THE  PELICAN  MYTH.  —  I  should  like  to 
know  where  the  myth  of  the  pelican  reviving 
her  young  with  blood  from  her  own  breast, 
which  occupies  so  large  a  place  in  Christian 
symbolism,  is  first  mentioned.  In  English 
literature  references  to  it  are  abundant  from 


before  1400 ;  and  it  is  referred  to  by  Alexander 
Neckam  (1157-1217),  native  of  St.  Albans 
and  Abbot  of  Cirencester,  in  his  Latin  trea- 
tise 'De  Naturis  Rerum'  (cap.  Ixxiii.  and 
Ixxiv.),  and  in  his  'De  Laudibus  Divinse 
Sapientiae,'  11.  657-74.  Littre  cites  it  in 
French  of  the  thirteenth  century,  and  it  doubt- 
less occurs  in  Albertus  Magnus,  Vincent  of 
Beauvais,  and  other  mediaeval  writers  of 
natural  history,  and  treatises  '  De  Proprie- 
tatibus  Rerum.'  But  a  writer  of  1601,  R. 
Chester, '  Love's  Martyr,'  st.  180,  refers  it  to 
an  earlier  source : — 

The  Pellican,  the  wonder  of  our  age, 
(As  Jerome  saith)  revives  her  tender  young, 
And  with  her  purest  blood  shed  doth  asswage 
Her  young  ones'  thirst. 

Where  does  St.  Jerome  say  this  ?  The  Latin 
dictionaries  have  a  reference  for  pelecanus 
to  "  Hieron.  in  Psa.  ci."  There  is,  of  course, 
nothing  in  Psalm  ci.  (i.e.,  cii.  6  of  English 
Psalters),  where  mention  is  made  of  the 
pellicano  solitudinis,  to  warrant  the  introduc- 
tion of  the  fable.  But  does  St.  Jerome  there 
introduce  it  ?  and  is  that  its  earliest  known 
occurrence?  J.  A.  H.  MURRAY. 

"PELHAM,"  "a bridle  containing  the  snaffle 
and  the  curb  in  one  bit  of  ordinary  power." 
Evidently  from  the  family  surname.  But 
when  was  it  so  named,  and  why  ? 

J.  A.  H.  MURRAY. 

FRENCH  HERALDRY.  — I  should  be  very 
grateful  to  any  one  conversant  with  French 
heraldry  who  would  tell  me  who,  about  1741, 
used  the  seal  bearing  a  lozenge  -  shaped 
escutcheon,  Azure,  a  chevron  gules,  between 
in  chief  two  flowers  (not  roses,  apparently) 
stalked  and  leaved,  and  in  base  an  anchor 
reversed  between  two  stars.  The  hatching, 
azure  and  gules,  is  quite  clear,  but  may, 
perhaps,  not  be  meant  for  hatching,  but  be 
merely  an  engraver's  fancy.  The  colours  of 
the  charges,  if  indicated  at  all,  cannot  be 
distinguished.  Above,  a  count's  coronet. 
J.  K.  LAUGHTON. 

'EXPERIENCES  OF  A  GAOL  CHAPLAIN.'— 
Who  was  the  author  of  the  'Experiences 
of  a  Gaol  Chaplain '  ?  My  copy  is  a  "  new 
edition,"  1850,  published  by  Bentley,  possessed 
by  me  since  1856.  There  are  some  very  good 
stories  in  it.  'The  Personal  Friend  of  the 
Royal  Family  ;  or,  Flaws  in  the  Indictment/ 
is  one  of  the  best.  R.  S. 

PARISH  DOCUMENTS:  THEIR  PRESERVATION. 
—Will  any  of  your  readers  kindly  tell  me, 
through  your  columns,  the  best  method  for 
preserving,  and  place  for  keeping,  parish 
documents?  An  iron  safe  in  the  church  is 


268 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  n.  OCT.  i,  im 


often  very  unsatisfactory — at  all  events,  in 
small  country  places  ;  for  it  is  impossible, 
on  account  of  expense,  to  keep  the  church 
properly  warmed  through  the  winter  months. 
Yet  the  result  of  not  doing  so  is  that  often 
damp  and  mildew  affect  the  documents  in 
question  to  a  deplorable  extent.  The  rectory 
is  equally  open  to  objection  on  account  of 
possible  fire,  carelessness,  or  change  of  in- 
cumbents, and  through  one  or  other  of  such 
causes  many  valuable  documents  have  been 
lost  or  rendered  illegible.  In  the  richer 
parishes,  where  funds  for  church  expenses 
are  more  than  sufficient,  the  difficulty  does 
not  arise,  for  such  documents  can  be  kept  in 
a  safe  in  the  church ;  but  in  a  multitude  of 
small  parishes,  such  as  my  own,  where  the 
expenses  of  the  services  can  be  barely  met, 
even  with  the  strictest  economy  in  the  con- 
sumption of  fuel,  the  difficulty  I  have  men- 
tioned is  considerable. 

WEST-COUNTRY  RECTOR. 

HOLY  MAID  OF  KENT.— I  should  be  glad  to 
know  if  there  is  any  authority  for  the  state- 
ment made  by  David  Hume  in  his  *  History 
of  England,'  that  Elizabeth  Barton— com- 
monly known  as  the  Holy  Maid  of  Kent- 
was  notorious  not  only  for  her  religious  impos- 
tures, but  also  in  the  matter  of  personal 
morals.  In  the  *  Dictionary  of  National 
Biography'  there  is  no  mention  of  such  a 
charge.  Is  there  any  portrait  of  Elizabeth 
Barton?  P.  M. 

CROMWELL'S  BED-LINEN.— I  should  be  grate- 
ful if  any  one  could  tell  me  what  inscription 
was  in  use  on  Oliver  Cromwell's  bed-linen  or 
table-linen  during  his  Protectorate.  Possibly 
some  descendant  or  connexion  of  the  family 
may  possess  some  such  relic. 

W.  G.  ALLEN. 

25,  Delancey  Street,  N.W. 

ITALIAN  LINES  IN  SHELLEY. — I  am  anxious 
to  find  the  name  of  the  author  of  the  Italian 
lines  that  occur  on  p.  164,  vol.  iii.  of  'The 
Poetical  Works  of  Percy  Bysshe  Shelley.' 
edited  by  Mrs.  Shelley  (Moxon,  1839)  :— 

Ahi  orbo  mondo  ingrato 
Gran  cagion  hai  di  dever  pianger  meco. 
Che  quel  ben  ch'  era  in  te,  perdut'  hai  seco. 

A.  S-R. 

NELSON  AND  WARREN  DECANTER.  —  Can 
any  reader  explain  an  inscription  appearing 
upon  a  decanter  of  the  Nelson  period  in  my 
possession?  Its  pattern  is  very  plain,  but 
corresponds,  I  understand,  with  many  in  use 
in  the  navy  about  that  time.  It  has  also  a 
reeded  and  gilt  papier-mache  stand.  The  in- 
scription is  :  "  Nelson  and  Warren  for  ever 


Huzza,"  an  anchor  being  depicted  on  the 
opposite  side.  Any  information  on  the  sub- 
ject I  should  much  appreciate. 

G.  W.  YOUNGER. 

[Is  not  the  reference  to  Admiral  Sir  John  Borlase 
Warren,  1753-1822,  for  whose  exploits  see  '  D.N.B.'  ?] 

ANDREW  EDMESTON,  the  son  of  Capt. 
Kobert  Edmeston,  of  Berwick-upon-Tweed, 
was  at  Westminster  School  in  1797.  Can 
any  correspondent  give  me  further  par- 
ticulars of  his  career  ?  G.  F.  K.  B. 

NORTHUMBERLAND  AND  DURHAM  FAMILY 
PEDIGREES.— I   should  be  glad  to  know    if 
there  is  a  book  published  giving  the  pedigrees 
of  Northumberland  and  Durham  families. 
E.  THIRKELL-PEARCE. 

43,  Pershore  Road,  Birmingham. 

'PRAYER  FOR  INDIFFERENCE. '—Where  can 
this  be  seen  ?  Mrs.  George  Bancroft,  in  her 
'Letters  from  England,'  pp.  58-9,  refers  to  it 
thus : — 

"Mr.  Algernon  Greville,  whose  grandmother 
wrote  the  beautiful  '  Prayer  for  Indifference,'  an 

old  favourite  of  mine Mr.  Greville  seemed  much 

surprised  that  I,  an  American,  should  know  the 
'Prayer  for  Indifference,5  which  he  doubted  if 
twenty  persons  in  England  read  in  these  modern 
days  [Jan.,  1847J." 

Though  those  "modern  days"  have  ad- 
vanced by  fifty-seven  years,  it  is  still  open  to 
doubt  "  if  twenty  persons  in  England  "  are 
acquainted  with  it ;  and  as  I  am  outside  that 
charmed  circle,  I  seek  to  cross  its  borders. 
J.  B.  McGovERN. 

St.  Stephen's  Rectory,  C.-on-M.,  Manchester. 

CARTER  AND  FLEETWOOD.— With  reference 
to  the  marriage  of  Mary,  the  daughter  of 
General  Chas.  Fleetwood,  to  Nathaniel  Car- 
ter, of  Yarmouth,  mentioned  ante,  p.  34,  can 
any  one  furnish  information  as  to  their 
descendants?  ARTHUR  L.  COOPER. 

"  SILESIAS  "  :  "  POCKETINGS."  —  In  his  book 
on  'Swimming'  Mr.  Ralph  Thomas  says  (p.  424) 
that  a  certain  famous  swimmer  "  was  in  busi- 
ness as  a  warehouseman  and  manufacturer 
of  silesias,  pocketings,  printed  linens,  &c." 
Can  some  one  enlighten  me  as  to  the  mean- 
ing of  "silesias"?  They,  and  " pocketings," 
do  not  appear  in  any  dictionary  ;  but  one 
may  manage  to  guess  what  "pocketings." 
are.  BHATINDA. 

[Silesia  is  defined  in  Annandale's  'Imperial 
Diet.,'  1883,  as  a  species  of  linen  cloth  originally 
manufactured  in  Silesia.] 

UPTON  SNODSBURY  DISCOVERIES.  —  On 
14  June,  1866,  Mr.  William  Ponting  exhibited 
to  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  a  number  of 


ii.  OCT.  i,  1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


269 


relics  found  in  a  supposed  cemetery  at 
Upton  Snodsbury,  in  Worcestershire.  They 
consisted  of  beads,  spear-heads,  a  sword,  ana 
fibulae.  Are  they  preserved  in  any  local 
museum  ?  T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,F.S.A. 
Lancaster. 

FONT  CONSECRATION.  —  I  shall  be  much 
obliged  if  MR.  HOBSON  MATTHEWS  (see  ante, 
p.  171)  or  some  other  contributor  will  state 
where  a  description  of  the  ceremony  of  the 
consecration  of  a  font  is  to  be  found. 

Q.  W.  V. 

CHIRK  CASTLE  GATES.— Can  you  inform 
me  who  made  the  wrought-iron  gates  before 
Chirk  Castle,  Denbighshire?  1  believe  the 

Elace  is  at  present  occupied  by  the  Biddulph 
mrily.  ERNEST  WEBB. 

CONDITIONS  OF  SALE.— What  is  the  earliest 
known  form  of  conditions  of  sale  on  auc- 
tioneers' catalogues  of  live  and  dead  stock, 
furniture,  and  so  on  ?  I  do  not  refer  to  land 
or  house  property,  which  varies  very  con- 
siderably. One  dated  1809  is  less  in  detail 
than  present-day  conditions. 

THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 

Work  sop. 

COL.  SIR  JOHN  GUMMING.— Can  any  reader 
kindly  furnish  information  as  to  the  parentage 
of  Col.  Sir  John  Gumming,  Knt.  1  He  was 
in  the  service  of  the  East  India  Com- 
pany, and  married  at  Calcutta,  on  22  June, 
1770,  Miss  Mary  Wedderburn,  of  Gosford, 
dying  at  St.  Helena  on  26  August,  1786. 

HENRY  PATON. 

120,  Polwarth  Terrace,  Edinburgh. 

SEMI  -  EFFIGIES.  —  In  Lich field  Cathedral 
are  preserved  several  monuments  which  are 
spoken  of  as  "semi-effigies,"  and  are  attri- 
buted to  the  thirteenth  century.  They  con- 
sist of  separate  sculptures  of  the  head  and 
shoulders  and  of  the  feet  of  recumbent 
figures,  each  sculpture  recessed  in  the  main 
wall  of  the  church.  The  recesses,  usually 
square  or  oblong,  have  sunk  edges,  as  if 
formerly  fitted  with  a  shutter  or  door, 
although  no  hinges  or  staples  are  now  visible. 
The  space  between  the  head  and  feet  (placed 
at  their  natural  distance  apart)  is,  in  one 
instance  at  any  rate,  occupied  by  a  shield  in 
stone  for  an  inscription  or  heraldic  device. 
What  was  the  object  of  this  form  of  monu- 
ment ?  Was  it  general  in  the  thirteenth  cen- 
tury ?  and  are  other  examples  still  extant  ? 
H.  W.  UNDERDOWN. 

ACQUA  TOFANA.— Is  there  any  trustworthy 
account  of  the  composition  of  this  poison  ? 
'  Chambers's  Encyclopedia,'  in  its  article  on 


poisoning,  adopts  without  question  the  sug- 
gestion of  arsenic  ;  but  it  is  difficult  to  accept 
this.  I  believe  I  have  seen  in  some  French 
work  the  statement  that  the  principal  con- 
stituent was  powdered  glass,  which  would  act 
as  recorded  of  this  poison,  and  which  I  am 
told  is  still  used  as  a  method  of  assassination 
in  China.  Lucis. 

ANNA  CATHERINA  LANE.— Can  any  one 
inform  me  of  her  parentage  1  A  licence  of 
marriage  was  issued  by  the  Vicar-General, 
26  April,  1749  :  "  John  Coulson,  of  St.  Mary 
Magaalene,  Bermondsey,  Surrey,  bachelor,  to 
Anna  Catherina  Lane,  of  the  same  parish, 
spinster."  In  the  Gentleman's  Magazine 
mention  is  made  of  the  marriage  as  having 
taken  place  29  April,  1749.  A  search  among 
South  London  parish  registers  has  been  with- 
out result.  Possibly  a  collector  of  Lane  wills 
might  be  able  to  furnish  the  information. 

J.  C. 

LORD  KELVIN  ON  THE  TIDES.— Where  could 
I  find  the  work,  or  paper,  by  Lord  Kelvin  in 
which  he  states  that  "  the  rise  and  fall  of  the 
tides  cannot  be  economically  utilized  as  a 
power  "  ?  MASONICUS. 

BLIND  FREEMASON.— I  have  taken  the  fol- 
lowing item  from  *  Biography  of  the  Blind,' 
by  James  Wilson,  published  at  Birmingham 
by  J.  W.  Showell  in  1838  :— 

"Though  blind  from  hi8  birth,  Mr.  Francis 
Linley  became  a  most  excellent  performer  on  the 

organ he  went  to  London,  and  was  the  successful 

candidate  among  seventeen  competitors  for  the 
place  of  organist  of  Pentonville  Chapel,  Clerken- 
well He  died at  his  mother's  house  at  Don- 
caster,  on  13  September,  1800,  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
nine.  Being  a  Freemason,  by  his  own  request 
he  was  attended  by  the  master  and  brethren  of 
St.  George's  Lodge  in  that  town." 

Can  this  latter  statement  be  correct  1 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

KIPLIN  OR  KIPLING  FAMILY.— Can  any  one 
check  the  following  arms,  borne  by  my  great- 
great-grandfather  Kiplin,  circa  17251  Er- 
mine, on  a  chief  azure  three  griffins'  heads 
erased  or ;  crest,  a  griffin's  head  ;  motto, 
"Vincitveritas."  W.  B.  H. 

St.  Martin's  Lane,  W.C. 

"APPLE"  IN  MANY  LANGUAGES.— Will  one 
or  more  of  the  polyglots  who  read  *  N.  &  Q.' 
be  so  good  as  to  let  us  know  whether  in  any 
language,  other  than  Baskish,  Heuskara,  or 
Vascuense  (=Vasconense),  there  is  a  word 
equivalent  to  apple,  but  meaning  heavy  ?  If 
it  could  be  shown  that  pomum  is  related  to 
pondus,  my  theory  that  sagar  (the  Baskish 


270 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  n.  OCT.  i,  IQM. 


equivalent  of  Castilian  manzana)  means 
heavy  would  gain  in  weight.  It  is  mine  ;  but 
many  Basks  have  accepted  it  as  reasonable. 
The  apple  is,  in  proportion  to  its  size,  one 
of  the  heaviest  and  solidest  of  fruits. 
Sagar= apple  is,  to  my  mind,  a  word  derived 
from  sakar=heavy.  Sakar  is  used  to  describe 
heavy,  oppressive,  sultry,  dose  weather,  such 
as  that  which  Castilians  describe  as  podrido, 
when  it  neither  rains  nor  "  suns." 

E.  SPENCER  DODGSON. 


PURCELL'S  MUSIC-FOR  XTHE  TEMPEST.' 
(10th  S.  ii.  164.) 

MY  life  of  Purcell,  published  in  1881,  con- 
tains matter  which  subsequent  research  has 
enabled  me  to  correct.  The  date  1690,  assigned 
to  'The  Tempest'  music,  is  however  right. 
Matthew  Locke  published  his  music  for  '  The 
Tempest '  in  1675  ;  I  possess  that  publication, 
which  consists  of  instrumental  music  only, 
and  in  the  preface  Locke  says  he  has 
"omitted,  by  the  consent  of  their  author 
Seignior  Gio.  Baptista  Draghi,  the  tunes  of 
the  Entries  and  Dances."  We  thus  learn  that 
Draghi  was  associated  with  Locke  in  the  com- 
position of  the  instrumental  music.  Locke 
makes  no  mention  of  vocal  music,  doubtless 
because  that  in  vogue  had  been  composed  by 
earlier  musicians.  In  1660  Dr.  Wilson,  the 
music  professor  of  Oxford,  published  at 
Oxford  'Cheerful  Ayres  or  Ballads,' and  in 
this  collection,  of  which  I  have  a  copy,  there 
are  musical  settings  by  Eobert  Johnson  of 
two  of  'The  Tempest'  songs,  "Full  fathom 
five"  and  "Where  the  bee  sucks."  In  1675 
or  1676  Playford  published  "  The  Ariel's  Songs 
in  the  Play  call'd  the  Tempest";  this  I  also 
possess,  and  find  the  following  :  "  Come  unto 
these  yellow  sands,"  "Dry  those  eyes,"  the 
echo  song  "  Go  thy  way,"  and  "  Full  fathom 
five,"  all  composed  by  Mr.  Banister  ;  there 
are  also  "Adieu  to  the  pleasures  and  flowers 
of  love,"  by  Mr.  James  Hart,  and  "Where 
the  bee  sucks,"  by  Mr.  Pelham  Humphreys. 
Playford  was  a  devoted  admirer  of  Purcell, 
and  if  at  this  period  Purcell  had  composed 
any  music  for  'The  Tempest,'  we  may  be 
quite  sure  he  would  have  included  it  in  the 
forenamed  publication. 

In  1680  Pietro  Reggio  published  a  collec- 
tion of  songs,  Italian  and  English  ;  amongst 
them  is  a  "  Song  in  the  Tempest.  The  words 
by  Mr.  Shadwell,"  commencing  "  Arise,  ye 
subterranean  winds."  We  may  fairly  assume 
that  if  Purcell's  magnificent  setting  of  these 


lines  had  then  existed,  Reggio  would  not  have 
adventured  his  piece  in  competition  with  it. 
This  collection  of  Reggio's  is  of  great  value, 
and  to  my  mind  affords  ample  proof  that  up 
to  1680  Purcell  had  never  collaborated  with 
Shadwell.  The  volume  of  music  is  prefaced 
with  various  addresses  and  eulogiums,  after 
the  manner  of  the  time.  The  following  some- 
what lengthy  effusion  by  Shadwell  is  of 
special  interest : — 

To  my  Much  Respected  Master,  and  Worthy 
Friend,  Signior  Pietro  Reggio,  On  the  Publishing 
his  Book  of  Songs. 

If  I  could  write  with  a  Poetick  fire 

Equal  to  thine  in  MUSICK,  I  'd  admire, 

And  Praise  Thee  fully  :  now  my  Verse  will  be 

Short  of  thy  Merit,  as  I  short  of  Thee. 

But  I  by  this  advantage  shall  receive, 

Though  to  my  Numbers  I  no  Life  can  give, 

Yet  they  by  thy  more  lasting  Skill  shall  live. 

Thou  canst  alone  preserve  my  perishing  Fame, 

By  joyning  Mine  with  Thy  Immortal  Name. 

Heroes  and  Conquerours  by  Poets  live ; 

Poets,  from  Men  like  Thee,  must  Life  receive, 

Like  Thee  !  where  such  a  Genius  shall  we  find  ; 

So  Quick,  so  Strong,  so  Subtile,  so  Refin'd 

'Mongst  all  the  Bold  Attempters  of  thy  kind  ? 

Till  I  such  MUSICK  hear,  such  Art  can  see, 

I  ne'r  shall  think  that  thou  canst  equal'd  be. 

My  only  doubt  is  now,  which  does  excell, 

Or  thy  Composing,  or  Performing  well ; 

And  Thou  'rt  in  both,  so  exquisitely  Rare, 

We  Thee  alone  can  with  thy  self  compare. 

Thou  dost  alike,  excell  in  every  Strain, 

And  never  fail'st  to  hit  the  Poet's  Vein. 

The  Author's  sense  by  Thee  is  ne'r  perplext, 

Thy  MUSICK  is  a  Comment  on  his  Text. 

Thou  Nobly  do'st  not  only  give  what 's  due 

To  every  Verse,  but  dost  Improve  it  too. 

Poetick  Gems  are  rough  within  the  Mine, 

But  Polisht  by  thy  Art,  with  Lustre  shine; 

Even  COWLEY'S  Spirit  is  advanc'd  by  thine. 

Good  English  Artists  (to  their  Judgements  true,) 

Admire  thy  Works,  and  will  respect  thee  too ; 

Thy  Worth,  and  Skill,  great  Jenkins  lov'd,  and  knew; 

The  Worthiest  Master  of  my  Youthful  days, 

Whom  Thou  so  justly  honour'st  with  thy  Praise. 

But  the  Pretenders  of  this  Quacking  Age, 

Who,  (with  their  Ditties,)  plague  the  Town  and 

Stage, 

If  their  dull  Notes  will  but  the  Numbers  fit, 
Ne'r  mind  the  Poet's  Spirit,  or  his  Wit ; 
But  think  All 's  done,  if  it  be  true  by  Ilule, 
Though  one  may  write  true  Grammar  like  a  Fool : 
Still  in  their  Beaten  Road  they  troll  along, 
And  make  alike  the  sad  and  cheerful  Song  : 
The  Past'ral,  and  the  War-like  are  the  same  ; 
The  Dirge,  and  Triumph  differ  but  in  Name. 
Such  their  Performance  is  :  Nay,  not  so  good  ; 
A  Funeral  Song  they  Chaunt  with  cheerful  Mood, 
And  Sigh  and  Languish  in  a  Drunken  Ode. 
In  Martial  Ones  they're  soft,  in  Am'rous  rough  ; 
And  never  think  they  Shake  and  Grace  enough. 
Each  Shake  and  Grace  so  harshly  too,  tlv  express, 
A  Horse's  Neighing  does  not  please  me  less. 
We  cannot  call  this  Singing,  but  a  Noise  ; 
Not  Gracing,  but  a  Jogging  of  the  Voice  : 
And  this  is  in  such  narrow  Compass  too, 
That  in  one  Song  we  hear  all  they  can  do : 


.  ii.  OCT.  1,190*.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


271 


These,  who  behind  thy  back,  dare  rail  at  thee, 

Would,  (if  they  knew  Themselves)  thy  Scholars  be. 

But  they  against  thy  Harmony  are  Arm'd 

They  're  duller  Beasts  than  any  Orpheus  charm'd. 

In  thy  Invention,  and  thy  Singing  too 

Thy  Fancy  'a  ever  Various,  ever  New. 

Thou  to  each  Temper  canst  the  Heart  engage, 

To  Grief  canst  soften,  and  inflame  to  Rage. 

With  Horrour  fright,  with  Love  canst  make  us  burn, 

Make  us  Rejoyce  one  Moment,  and  next  Mourn, 

And  canst  the  Mind  to  every  Passion  turn. 

And  to  each  Grace  and  Cadence,  thy  great  Art, 

Such  soft  Harmonious  Sweetness  does  impart, 

AVith  gentle  Violence  thou  dost  storm  a  Heart. 

How  oft  dost  thou  my  Anxious  Cares  destroy, 

And  make  me  want,  or  wish  no  other  Joy  ! 

For  when  thy  Ayres,  perform 'd  by  Thee,  I  hear, 

No  Wealth  I  envy,  and  no  Power,  I  fear ; 

Nor  Misery,  nor  Death  I  apprehend, 

For  Fame  nor  Liberty  can  I  contend, 

When  I  am  Charm'd  by  Thee,  my  Excellent  Friend. 

And  thou  art  so  ;  and  every  Qualitie 

Which  in  a  Friend's  requir'd  does  shine  in  Thee. 

Thou  hast  read  much,  and  canst  Philosophise, 

Ouick  in  thy  Reason,  Fancy-full,  yet  Wise, 

Honest  and  Kind  art,  Gentle,  and  yet  Brave, 

Modest,  not  Bashful ;  Humble,  yet  no  Slave : 

In  your  own  Language  Y'  are  a  Poet  too, 

So  good,  I  wish  that  Ours  as  well  you  knew, 

Though  I  should  blush  at  what  you  then  would  do  : 

Yet  th'  English  Tongue  so  well  thou  canst  command, 

Great  COWLEY'S  Virtues  thou  dost  understand, 

Thou  on  each  Excellence  of  His  canst  hit, 

On  every  Master-stroak  of  his  Unbounded  Wit. 

And  which  yet  makes  me  Love,  and  Praise  thee 

more, 

Thou  above  All,  dost  his  Illustrious  Name  adore. 
But  to  thy  Praise  I  now  must  put  an  end. 
'Tis  using  of  Self-Int'rest  with  my  Friend 
For  whoe'r  Praises  Thee,  does  then  Himself  com- 
mend. THOMAS  SHADWELL. 

So  far  as  I  know,  no  part  of  Purcell's 
*  Tempest'  music  was  printed  before  1695, 
and  then  only  a  single  song. 

WILLIAM  H.  CUMMINGS. 


NAVAL  ACTION  OF  1779  (10th  S.  ii.  228).— 
The  best  available  French  account  of  this 
action  is  probably  that  in  *  Batailles  Navales 
de  la  France,'  par  O.  Troude,  torn.  ii.  pp.  55-9. 
There  are  no  means  of  knowing  on  what 
authority  Troude  based  his  narrative,  but  he 
implies  that  he  had  before  him  an  account 
by  "  M.  de  Lostanges,  un  des  officiers  de  la 
Surveillante."  A  French  print  of  the  action, 
after  a  French  painting,  is  reproduced  in  mv 
*  Seafights  and  Adventures.' 

J.  K.  LAUGHTON. 

ZOLA'S  '  ROME  '  (9th  S.  xii.  68,  135).— Having 
occasion  lately  at  the  British  Museum  Library 
to  consult  some  recent  volumes  of  4  N.  &  Q.,' 
I  came  upon  the  query  from  the  REV.  J.  B. 
McGovERN,  who  desired  to  know  whom  Zola 
had  in  mind  when  he  pictured  his  Abbe' 
Pierre  Froment  going  to  Rome  to  plead  his 


cause  with  the  Pope  and  the  Congregation  of 
the  Index.  MR.  McGovERN  mentioned  that 
in  Gladstone's  opinion  the  Abbe  Froment  of 
1  Rome '  had  been  suggested  by  Lamennais  ; 
and  an  appeal  was  made  to  me  to  throw  some 
light  on  the  subject.  I  fancy  I  was  abroad 
at  the  time ;  at  all  events,  I  missed  the  query. 
If  an  answer  to  it  is  now  of  any  interest,  1 
would  say  that  Zola,  in  building  up  his 
character  Abbe  Froment,  may  well  have 
thought  of  Lamennais  more  than  once ;  but 
he  also  undoubtedly  thought  of  a  member  of 
his  own  family,  the  Abate  Giuseppe  Zola,  of 
Brescia  (1739-1806),  of  whom  some  account 
will  be  found  in  various  French  and  Italian 
biographical  dictionaries.  The  Abate  was  a 
man  who  dreamed  of  reforming  and  rejuvenat- 
ing the  Roman  Church — exactly  like  Abbe 
Froment — but  a  work  of  his  on  the  early 
Christians  and  some  volumes  of  his  theological 
lectures  were  denounced  to  the  Congregation 
of  the  Index,  whereupon,  in  this  instance 
also  like  Abbe  Froment  (and,  to  name  a  later 
example,  like  Abbe  Loisy),  he  repaired  to 
Rome  to  justify  himself.  In  the  end,  once 
more  like  Abbe  Froment,  he  had  to  make 
his  submission.  Subsequently  he  again  got 
into  trouble,  having  on  the  whole  a  somewhat 
eventful  career,  which  I  have  sketched  in  the 
opening  chapter  of  my  life  of  Emile  Zola, 
which  has  just  been  published. 

As  for  some  'other  characters  in  'Rome' 
mentioned  by  MR.  McGovERN,  I  think  the 
discreet  course  is  not  to  attempt  to  identify 
them,  as  the  portraits  are  scarcely  of  a 
"flattering"  kind.  ERNEST  A.  VIZETELLY. 

PIN    WITCHERY    (10Lh    S.    ii.    205).  — An 
Assyrian  version  of  an  incantation  used  by 
Chaldean  sorcerers  contains  the  line : — 
He  who  enchants  images  has  charmed  away  my  life 
by  image. 

Charming  away  life  by  means  of  a  wax 
figure  seems  to  have  been  one  of  the  most 
frequent  practices  of  the  Chaldean  sorcerers 
(see  further  Lenormant's  '  Chaldean  Magic,' 
p.  63).  But  is  not  MR.  RATCLIFFE'S  description 
of  the  toad  stuck  with  pins  a  hitnerto 
ungarnered  item  of  folk-lore  1  Many  are  the 
associations  of  the  toad  with  ancient  rural 
beliefs,  but  one  has  never  before  heard  that 
it  served  the  purpose  of  the  clay  or  the  wax 
image,  also  stuck  with  pins,  in  dwining 
away  the  life  of  the  victim  of  another's 
vengeance.  King  Edward  VI.  was  said  to 
have  been  killed  through  witchcraft  by 
figures  after  this  manner;  and  in  like  manner 
the  Duke  of  Buckingham's  mother  was  killed 
in  Ireland  by  her  second  husband's  (Lord 
Ancrum)  brother's  nurse,  who  bewitched  her 


272 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  n.  OCT.  i,  MM. 


to  death  by  means  of  a  figure  made  with 
hair  *"  because  her  foster-child  should  inherit 
ye  estate";  and  one  "Hammond,  of  West- 
minster, was  hanged  or  tryed  for  his  life 

about  1641  for  killing by  a  figure  of  wax" 

(see  Aubrey's  'Remaines  of  Judaisme  and 
Gentilisme  ')• 

Invultuation  is  defined  by  Thorpe,  who  is 
quoted  by  Kemble  in  his  *  Saxons  in  Eng- 
land,' in  the  following  words  : — 

"A  species  of  witchcraft,  the  perpetrators  of 
which  were  called  vultivoli,  and  are  thus  described 
by  John  of  Salisbury :  *  Qui  ad  affectus  hominum 
immutandos,  in  molliore  materia,  cera  forte  vel  limo, 
eorum  quos  pervertere  nituntur,  effigies  exprimunt' 
('De  Nugis  Curial.,'  lib.  i.  cap.  12).  Among  the 
most  remarkable  instances  is  that  of  Eleanor  Cob- 
ham,  Duchess  of  Gloucester,  and  Stacey,  servant  to 
George,  Duke  of  Clarence  (*  Anc.  Laws  and  Inst.,' 
vol.  ii.,  Gloss.).  It  was  against  the  crime  of  prac- 
tising against  the  life  of  an  enemy  by  means  of  a 
waxen  or  other  figure  that  the  law  of  Henry  I. 
enacts :  '  Si  quis  veneno,  vel  sortilegio,  vel  invul- 
tuacione,  seu  maleficio  aliquo,  faciat  homicidium, 
sive  illi  paratum  sit  sive  alii,  nihil  refert,  quin 
factum  mortiferum,  et  nullo  modo  redimendum 
sit'  ('LI.  Hen.,'  Ixxi.  §  6)."— Kemble's  *  Saxons  in 
England,'  vol.  i.  ch.  xii.  p.  432. 

The  virtues  of  the  corp  creadh,  or  clay 
image,  are  still  popularly  believed  in  by  the 
rustic  population  of  the  Scottish  Highlands. 
The  removal  by  death  of  an  official  obnoxious 
to  smugglers  was  believed  to  have  been 
compassed  in  this  way.  When  in  the  High- 
lands a  sudden  death  is  desired,  the  clay 
image  is  placed  in  a  rapidly  running  stream. 
If,  on  the  other  hand,  a  long  and  lingering 
and  painful  illness  should  be  desired,  a 
number  of  pins  and  rusty  nails  are  stuck  in 
the  chest  and  other  vital  parts  of  the  image, 
which  is  then  deposited  in  comparatively 
still  waters.  Should,  however,  the  corp 
creadh  happen  to  be  discovered  in  the  water 
before  the  thread  of  life  is  severed  it  at  once 
loses  its  efficacy,  and  not  only  does  the 
victim  recover,  but,  so  long  as  the  image  is 
kept  intact,  he  is  ever  after  proof  against 
the  professors  of  the  black  art.  In  the  case 
of  ^the  officer  mentioned  the  figure  was 
believed  to  have  miscarried  because  a  pearl- 
fisher  happened  to  discover  it  before  it  had 
been  many  days  in  the  water  (Folk  -  lore 
Journal,  1884,  vol.  ii.  pp.  219-20). 

The  identity  of  the  frog  and  the  toad  is  a 
matter  of  common  confusion  among  the  pea- 
santry of  this  country.  The  d wining  process, 
though  without  the  pins,  is  seen  again  in  the 
belief  that  if  the  scrofulous,  or  those  suffering 
from  glandular  swellings,  enclose  a  live  toad 
in  a  bag,  and  hang  it  up  in  a  room,  the  disease 
will  depart  or  the  swelling  be  reduced  ac- 
cordingly as  the  poor  toad  wastes  away  and 


dies.  "In  the  time  of  common  contagion," 
says  Sir  Kenelm  Digby,  "  men  used  to  carry 
about  with  them  the  powder  of  a  toad,  which 
draws  the  contagious  air,  which  otherwise 
would  infect  the  party."  The  frog  is  a  com- 
mon amulet  against  the  evil  eye,  among  the 
Italians,  Greeks,  and  even  the  Turks.  Mr. 
El  worthy,  in  his  '  Evil  Eye,'  narrates  several 
instances  of  what  were  believed  to  be  pigs* 
hearts,  and  also  of  onions,  being  stuck  full 
of  pins  for  the  same  purpose.  A  witch 
threatened  the  matron  of  the  Wellington 
Union  that  she  would  "put  a  pin  in  her." 
The  other  women  heard  the  threat,  and 
cautioned  the  matron  not  to  cross  her. 
When  the  woman  died  there  was  found  fas- 
tened to  her  stays  a  heart-shaped  pad  stuck 
with  pins,  and  also  fastened  to  her  stays 
were  four  little  bags  in  which  were  dried 
toads  feet.  All  these  things  rested  on  her 
chest  over  her  heart  when  the  stays  were 
worn.  The  pins  in  an  onion  are  believed  to 
cause  internal  pains,  and  those  in  the  feet  or 
other  members  are  to  injure  the  part  repre- 
sented, while  pins  in  the  heart  are  intended 
to  work  fatally  ;  thus  a  distinct  gradation  of 
enmity  can  be  gratified  (p.  55). 

Aubrey  in  his  *  Remaines '  mentions  a  frog 
buried  in  a  field,  and  one  hung  on  the 
threshold.  And  among  'Excellent  Prognos- 
tiques  for  Fertility,  and  e  contra,'  he  has  the 
following  :  "Archibius  ad  Antiochum  Syrise 
Regem  scripsit :  'Si  fictilinovo  obruatur  rubeta. 
rana  in  media  segete,  non  esse  noxias  tem- 
pestates.'  I  have  known  this  used  in  Somer- 
setshire," he  says,  quoting,  I  think,  Pliny's 
'  Hist.  Nat.,'  lib.  xviii.  cap.  7.  And  "  To  pre- 
serve Corne  in  a  Garner,"  "Sunt  qui  rubeta 
rana  in  lumine  horrei  pede  e  longioribus  sus- 
pensse,  invehere  jubeant"  (?  Lib.  xviii.  cap.  30, 
ibid.).  J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

The  folk-lore  of  pins,  needles,  and  sharp 
thorns,  which  for  purposes  of  magic  may  be 
regarded  from  the  same  point  of  view,  is  very 
extensive,  and  seems  to  be  spread  all  the 
world  over.  I  have  a  considerable  accumula- 
tion of  examples  which  I  dream  of  arranging 
for  publication ;  but  it  will  be  a  serious 
undertaking,  and  must  be  delayed  for  the 
present. 

Sticking  pins  into  living  creatures  for  folk- 
lore purposes  is,  I  regret  to  say,  a  by  no 
means  unknown  rite.  For  example,  we  find 

in  Richard  Blakeborough's  'Wit of  the 

North  Riding,'  p.  205,  and  in  the  Athenceumy 
2  March,  1901,  p.  267,  notices  of  live  cocks 
being  pierced  with  pins.  I  do  not  think  I 
have  among  my  notes  any  account  of  similar 
cruelty  being  inflicted  on  the  toad.  There  is, 
however,  a  gruesome  account  of  burning 


s.  ii.  OCT.  i,  1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


273 


toads  alive  in  the  Stamford  Mercury  of 
15  September,  1882,  which  it  may  be  well  to 
reproduce : — 

"Witchcraft  in  Normandy.— A  woman  named 
Adele  Mathieu  has  been  sentenced  to  six  months' 
imprisonment  by  the  tribunal  at  Lisieux  for  obtain- 
ing money  from  the  peasants  in  that  part  of 
Normandy  under  the  false  pretence  of  being  able 
to  cure  them  and  their  animals  of  every  kind  of 
disease.  Adele  Mathieu  urged  in  her  defence  that 
she  had  the  power  of  exorcising  evil  spirits,  of 
which  there  were  three  kinds,  one  of  which  could 
only  be  got  rid  of  by  burning  toads  in  a  cauldron. 
Upon  one  occasion  she  was  sent  for  by  a  farmer 
who  had  seventeen  of  his  cattle  ill,  and  she  burnt 
570  toads  in  the  presence  of  the  villagers,  several  of 
whom  declared  that  they  saw  a  dog  jump  out  from 
the  mouth  of  one  of  the  beasts  and  run  away. 
Adele  Mathieu  also  resorted  to  the  well-known 
device  of  larding  a  sheep's  or  bullock's  heart  with 
pins  and  needles  and  burning  it  in  a  wood-fire,  and 
some  of  the  witnesses  who  were  called  to  prove  the 
case  against  her  naively  declared  that,  though  she 
charged  more  than  the  doctor,  she  had  done  them 
more  good.  But  in  spite  of  this  and  of  her  energetic 
assertion  that  she  was  gifted  with  supernatural 
powers,  the  tribunal  sent  her  to  prison." 

The  practice  of  sticking  pins  into  the  heart 
of  animals,  usually  that  of  a  calf  or  a  hare, 
has  often  been  noticed.  A  curious  example 
of  this,  taken  from  the  Blackburn  Standard* 
occurs  in  the  Boston,  Lincoln,  Louth,  and 
Spalding  Herald  of  27  December,  1837,  which 
it  may  be  useful  to  give,  as  I  have  not  come 
upon  it  elsewhere  : — 

"  On  Saturday  the  sexton  of  St.  Mary's,  observing 
an  elegantly-dressed  female  walking  mysteriously 
up  and  down  the  churchyard,  watched  her,  when 
he  saw  her  rake  up  the  earth  with  her  foot,  and 
after  depositing  something  in  the  ground  carefully 
cover  it  up.  Induced  by  curiosity,  he  opened  the 
place,  and  found  a  hare's  heart,  in  which  385  pins 
were  stuck,  buried.  It  is  an  old  superstition  in  this 
county,  that  if  a  person  who  has  been  forsaken  by 
one  professing  love  for  her  shall  bury  a  hare's  heart 
stuck  full  of  pins,  near  a  newly-made  grave  in  a 
churchyard,  as  the  heart  decays  in  the  ground  the 
health  of  the  faithless  swain  will  decline,  and  that 
he  will  die  when  it  is  mouldered  into  dust.  The 
fair  deceived  one  had  been  instigated  by  revenge  to 
this  act  of  folly  and  credulity." 


Kirton-in-Lindsey. 


EDWARD  PEACOCK. 


Toads  were  often  associated  with  witches. 
One  of  the  most  innocent  recreations  at  a 
witches'  sabbath  was  the  baptism  of  toads. 
The  familiar  was  treated  cruelly  by  its  friend 
in  Derbyshire.  The  sticking  pins  into  sub- 
stances by  witches,  in  order  to  cause  pain  to 
absent  people,  was  an  ancient  practice  : — 
Devovet  absentes,  simulacraque  cerea  figit, 

Et  miserum  tenues  in  jecur  urget  acus. 
This  is  shown  in  a  story  in  the  *  GestaRoma- 
norum,' which  is  the  original  of  4  The  Leech 
of  Folkestone.'  E.  YARDLEY. 


MARTYRDOM  OF  ST.  THOMAS  :  ST.  THOMAS- 
OF  HEREFORD  (10th  S.  i.  388,  450 ;  ii.  30, 195).— 
The  latter  belonged  to  the  "  noble  family  of 
Cantilupe,"  being  a  grandson  of  William  de 
Cantilupe,  d.  1238  (see  Foss's  'Judges  of  Eng- 
land ').  He  was  Bishop  of  Hereford  in  1283, 
and  was  buried  in  the  Lady  Chapel  at  Here- 
ford Cathedral  (Leland's  4Itin.,'  vol.  viii. 
p.  80).  He  was  canonized  by  Pope  John  XXII. 
on  17  April,  1320,  and  is  stated  to  be  the 
last  Englishman  to  have  been  so  honoured. 
"The  Life  and  Gests  of  S.  Thomas 
Cantilupe,  Bishop  of  Hereford,  and  some- 
time before  Lord  Chancellor  of  England, 
extracted  out  of  the  Authentic  Records 
of  his  Canonization  as  to  the  Maine 
Part,  Anonymous,  Matt.  Paris,  Capgrave, 
Harpsfeld,  and  others,  by  R.  S[trange], 
S.J.,"  small  8vo,  was  published  by  R.  Walker 
at  Gant  in  1674.  There  is  a  copy  of  it  in  the 
Huth  Library.  In  the  Anastatic  Drawing 
Society's  volume  for  1855  there  is  an  illustra- 
tion of  a  picture  of  him  from  a  drawing  by 
Dr.  William  Stukeley,  1721.  It  shows  his 
chasuble  powdered  with  his  armorial  bear- 
ings, which  became  adopted  as  those  of  the 
see  of  Hereford.  They  are  Gu.,  three 
leopards'  heads  reversed,  jessant  de  lis  or 
(cf.  Parker's  'Glossary  of  Terms  in  Heraldry/ 
1894,  pp.  341-2).  As  to  the  origin  of  the 
name  Cantilupe,  see  9th  S.  xii.  368.  His 
uncle  Walter  was  Bishop  of  Worcester,  and 
died  1265  (see  Foss). 

Connected  with  the  same  family  was 
Nicholas  de  Cantilupe,  who  founded  Beau- 
vale  Abbey,  in  Nottinghamshire,  in  1343 
(see  *  Griseleia  in  Snotinghscire,'  by  the  Rev. 
Rodolph  Baron  von  Hube,  Nottingham,  1901, 
p.  8,  et  seq.\  H.  W.  UNDERDOWN. 

Thomas  de  Cantelupe,  Bishop  of  Hereford* 
was,  with  the  exception  of  Bishop  Grosseteste 
of  Lincoln,  the  greatest  bishop  of  his  time. 
He  was,  according  to  Butler,  "most  nobly 
born,  being  eldest  son  of  William,  Lord 
Cantilupe,  one  of  the  greatest  generals  that 
England  ever  produced."  His  birth  took 
place  about  the  year  1218,  at  Hambleden, 
not  far  from  the  Thames,  near  Marlow,  in 
Buckinghamshire,  and  he  was  there  baptized 
in  the  parish  church.  He  was  the  last  Eng- 
lishman canonized— that  is,  the  last  until  of 
late  years— and  his  shrine,  of  which  an  excel- 
lent cast  is  preserved  in  the  Crystal  Palace 
at  Sydenham,  is  still  regarded  with  venera- 
tion oy  Roman  Catholics.  The  north  transeptr 
a  very  beautiful  and  striking  feature  in  Here- 
ford Cathedral,  is  rendered  the  more  in- 
teresting by  the  presence  of  this  shrine  of 
St.  Cantelupe,  in  whose  honour  the  arms  of 
the  see  were  changed  from  those  of  the  kings 


274 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io»  s.  n.  OCT.  i,  IOM. 


of  the  East  Angles  to  those  of  the  bishop. 
And  this  very  circumstance  marks  the  great 
antiquity  of  the  silver  mace  which  is  carried 
before  the  dean  and  canons,  on  which  are 
embossed  the  ancient  arms  of  the  bishopric 
with  those  of  the  deanery.  Cantelupe  was 
appointed  Chancellor  of  England  under 
Henry  III.  in  1265.  Many  are  the  interest- 
ing actions  recorded  of  him  in  Mr.  S.  Baring- 
Gould's  'Lives  of  the  Saints'  (2  Oct.).  It  is 
somewhat  surprising  that  no  account  of  this 
great  man  is  to  be  found  in  Newman's  '  Lives 
of  the  English  Saints';  but  a  full  account 
will  be  found  in  the  '  Dictionary  of  National 
Biography,'  not,  however,  under  either 
*  Thomas'  or  'Hereford,'  but  under  'Cante- 
lupe.' He  died  at  Civita  Vecchia  on  his 
return  to  England  from  Home.  His  attend- 
•ants  separated  his  flesh  from  the  bones, 
burying  the  former  with  pomp  at  Monte 
Eiascone,  and  bringing  the  latter  back  to 
England.  His  bones  were  translated  to  a 
more  magnificent  tomb  in  1287.  It  is 
asserted  by  the  Jesuits  of  St.  Omer  that 
they  are  in  possession  of  an  arm  of  St.  Thomas. 
The  paternal  coat  of  arms  of  Cantelupe,  con- 
tinued by  the  Bishops  of  Hereford  to  the 
present  time,  is  Gules,  three  leopards'  heads 
reversed,  jessant  as  many  fleurs-de-lis  or. 

J.   HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 
161,  Hammersmith  Road. 

Dr.  Robert  Owen,  in  'Sanctorale  Catho- 
licum,'  under  the  heading  of  "  October  2  : 
A.D.  1282  "  (p.  396),  says  :— 

"  At  Hereford  in  England,  this  is  the  Feast  of 
S.  Thomas  de  Cantilupe,  Bishop  and  Confessor.  He 
is  the  Patron  of  Montefiascone  in  Italy  : 

At  faire  Mount  flascon  still  the  memory  shall  be 

Of  holy  Thomas  there  most  reverently  interr'd. 
Drayton,  '  Poly-Olbion,'  Song  xxiv. 

*"  All  the  bishops  of  Hereford  since  his  time,  in 
honour  of  him,  doo  beare  his  coate  of  armes  as  the 
coate  of  their  See— viz.,  G.  3  leopards,  ieasant 
3  Flowerdeluces  0.'  —  Godwin,  *  De  Prsesulibus 
Angliae.' " 

HARRY  HEMS. 

Fair  Park,  Exeter. 

COL.  MALET  will  find  an  account  of 
St.  Thomas  of  Hereford  in  Stanton's  *  Meno- 
logy  of  England  and  Wales,'  and  also  in 
Alban  Butler's  '  Lives  of  the  Saints,'  under 
2  October.  EDWARD  PEACOCK. 

Wickentree  House,  Kirton-in-Lindsey. 

"GET  A  WIGGLE  ON  "  (10th  S.  ii.  28, 153).— It 
may  interest  your  querist  to  know  that  this 
"dreadful  phrase"  is  used  by  motor-men  and 
conductors  (guards)  on  American  street-cars 
(tramway-cars)  when  they  wish  to  accelerate 
the  speed  of  a  person  who  is  dilatory  or  too 
deliberate  in  boarding  a  car.  The  phrase  is 


used  more  frequently  in  addressing  women 
than  in  addressing  men,  because  men  are 
quicker  in  their  gait  and  occasion  less  delay. 
The  phrase,  as  used  by  motor-men  and  con- 
ductors, is  vulgar  and  in  every  way  offensive. 
Any  one  addressing  a  woman  thus,  "Madam, 
come !  quick  !  get  a  wiggle  on  ! "  should  be 
regarded  as  having  insulted  the  woman,  and 
should  be  dealt  with  accordingly. 

FREDERIC  ROWLAND  MARVIN. 
537,  Western  Av.,  Albany,  N.Y. 

JERSEY  WHEEL  (10th  S.  ii.  208).— I  possess  a 
Jersey  wheel,  and  shall  be  happy  to  send 
MR.  THOS.  RATCLIFFE  a  photograph  of  it  if 
he  will  communicate  with  me.  These  wheels 
were  formerly  used  for  spinning  wool  in  the 
largest  of  our  Channel  Islands,  hence  the 
name.  CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Bradford. 

'Jersey  Spinners'  formed  the  subject  of 
two  long  articles  in  4th  S.  xii.  127,  193,  by 
which  it  appears  that  the  island  of  Jersey 
was  formerly  famous  for  the  manufacture  of 
woollen  goods,  u  Jersey  "  being  still  a  common 
name  for  a  woollen  shirt.  The  'Imperial 
Dictionary '  describes  a  "  Jersey "  to  be  the 
finest  of  wool  separated  from  the  rest.  Might 
not,  therefore,  a  "  Jersey  wheel "  have  been 
used  in  the  process  1 

EVERARD  HOME   COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

Probably  this  is  a  spinning-wheel  used 
before  the  introduction  of  machinery,  when 
the  great  manufacture  of  the  Isle  of  Jersey, 
as  well  as  of  Guernsey,  was  the  working  up 
of  native  wool.  The  word  "Jersey"  is  still 
synonymous  for  the  finest  kind  of  wool,  the 
great  staple  article  of  manufacture  in  the 
island  having  been  that  of  worsted  stockings 
which  were  made  of  the  best  wools  grown 
there.  J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

GRAHAM  (10th  S.  ii.  149).— I  would  advise 
MR.  W.  M.  GRAHAM  EASTON  to  write  to  the 
Registrar  and  Superintendent  of  Records, 
India  Office,  Whitehall.  I  found  out  all  I 
wanted  to  know  about  my  own  relatives  who 
belonged  to  the  H.E.I.Co.  M.A.OxoN. 

JOANNES  v.  JOHANNES  (10th  S.  ii.  189).— 
With  due  respect  to  the  Registrar  of  the 
University  of  Oxford,  I  think  my  friend 
MR.  PICKFORD,  if  he  wishes  to  latinize  his 
name,  will  do  wisely  if  he  employs  the  form 
Johannes.  In  Greek,  which  has  no  symbol 
for  a  medial  aspirate,  Joannes  is  the  only 
possible  form,  but  as  a  representative  of  the 
Hebrew  Yokhanan,  Johannes  is  surely  pre- 
ferable. The  aspirate,  which  is  really  a 


io»  s.  ii.  OCT.  i,  nut.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


275 


softened  guttural,  has  survived  in  the  old 
French  Jehan,  the  German  Johann,  and  the 
English  John.  In  the  Italian  Giovanni  and 
the  Roumanian  Jovan,  it  has  been  still 
further  softened  into  a  v.  The  *  Diet.  Nat. 
Biog.'  employs  the  form  Johannes  :  cf.  sub 
•nominibus  '  Johannes  ./Egidius' and  'Johannes 
de  Sacro  Bosco.'  W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

ST.  THOMAS  WOHOPE  (10th  S.  ii.  209).— Ac- 
cording to  Lord  Lyttelton's  life  of  Henry  II., 
that  monarch  assigned  a  revenue  of  forty 
pounds  a  year  to  keep  lights  always  burning 
about  the  tomb  of  St.  Thomas  a  Becket,  and 
I  have  no  doubt  whatever  that  this  is  the 
St.  Thomas  Wohope  alluded  to  by  MR. 
HUSSEY. 

Both  editions  of  Hasted's  '  History  of  Kent ' 
are  far  from  perfect,  notwithstanding  the 
fact  that  the  last  one  extended  to  twelve 
volumes.  Indeed,  so  far  back  as  1808 
E.  W.  Brayley  said  of  this  work  (second 
edition,  1797-1801),  "There  is  yet  sufficient 
room  for  a  new  'History  of  Kent,'  and 
numerous  are  the  stores  that  may  still  be 
opened  in  an  industrious  research." 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

JOWETT  AND   WHEWKLL    (10th   S.    i.    386).— 

The  lines   on  Jowebt,   as  I  remember  them 

being  quoted  later,  are  : — 

I  come  first,  my  name  is  Jowett, 
There 's  no  knowledge  but  I  know  it ; 
I  'm  the  Master  of  this  College, 
What  I  don't  know  isn't  knowledge. 

J.  DE  BERNIERE  SMITH. 

I  also  quote  from  memory  ;  but  is  not  this 
the  more  correct  version  ?— 

I  am  the  Reverend  Benjamin  Jowett, 
What  there  is  to  know  1  know  it ; 
I  am  the  Head  of  Balliol  College, 
And  what  I  don't  know  isn't  knowledge. 

MATILDA  POLLARD. 

Belle  Vue,  Bengeo. 

The  Jowett  epigram  reached  me,  possibly 
by  some  process  of  attrition,  in  the  form  of 
the  following  distich  : — 

I  'm  the  Master  of  this  College  ; 

What  I  don't  know  isn't  knowledge. 

A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

DE  KELESEYE  OR  KELSEY  FAMILY  (10th  S.  ii 
188).— 'Curious  Old  Wills  :  St.  Dionis,  Back- 
church,  London,'  was  the  title  of  an  article 
in  3rd  S.  vi.  104.  By  it  the  will  of  Giles  de 
Kelseye  (or  by  the  'Table  of  Benefactors' 
Giles  de  Celsey)  was  dated  18  February,  1377. 
He  bequeathed  certain  property  in  Lime 
Street  (Nos.  9, 10, 11)  to  the  rector  for  the  time 
being,  and  parishioners.  Now  the  churches 


of  St.  Mary  Magdalene,  Milk  Street,  and 
St.  Laurence,  Jewry,  were  both  destroyed 
at  the  Fire  of  London  (1666).  The  latter  only 
was  re-erected,  and  the  two  parishes  were 
united.  No  record  of  the  transfer  of  the  two 
windows  has  come  under  my  notice. 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

For  this  name  Dr.  G.  W.  Marshall,  Rouge 
Croix,  refers  the  reader  to  the  'Visitations 
of  Essex '  in  vol.  xiv.  p.  588  of  the  Harleian 
Society  publications.  A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

WESTMINSTER  SCHOOL  BOARDING  -  HOUSES 
(10th  S.  ii.  127).— Scott's  was  formerly  known 
as  Singleton's.  It  stood  close  to  the  arch- 
way which  now  forms  the  entrance  to  Great 
Dean's  Yard,  and  was  pulled  down  in  1861  or 
1862.  Its  site  is  occupied  by  Nos.  1  and  2, 
Great  Dean's  Yard.  Rigaud's  was  pulled 
down  in  the  autumn  of  1896,  and  the  new 
house — designed,  I  believe,  by  Mr.  Jackson — 
was  occupied  after  the  summer  holidays  of 
the  following  year.  Mrs.  Mary  Clough,  who 
died  in  Dean's  Yard  21  May,  1798,  according 
to  the  Gent.  Mag.,  "  long  kept  a  respectable 
boarding-house  there  for  the  Westminster 
scholars."  G.  F.  R.  B. 

BATTLEFIELD  SAYINGS  (10th  S.  i.  268,  375, 
437).— The  following  episode  is  related  in 
'The  Story  of  a  Soldier's  Life,'  by  Field- 
Marshal  Viscount  Wolseley  (Constable  <fc 
Co.,  1903),  pp.  275-6:— 

*'  In  an  explosion  at  Cawnpore  an  Irish  soldier, 
Timothy  O'Brian,  of  the  Northumberland  Fusiliers, 
had  been  severely  hurt.  When  he  heard  that  his 
detachment  was  under  orders  to  march  and  attack 
the  rebels  he  crept  from  the  hospital  and  secreted 
himself  in  one  of  the  dhoolies  told  off  for  the 
inarch.  In  this  manner  he  contrived  to  get  to  the 
front.  When  the  first  shot  was  fired  he  was  seen 
staggering  to  his  place  in  his  companv,  his  legs  still 
bound  in  Ibandages.  When  asked,  *  What  the  devil 
he  was  doing  there  ?  '  his  answer  was,  '  As  long  as 
Tim  O'Brian  can  put  one  leg  before  the  other  his 
comrades  shall  never  go  into  action  without  him.'  " 

HENRY  GERALD  HOPE. 
119,  Elms  Road,  Clapham,  S.W. 

"  BEARDED  LIKE  THE  PARD  "  (10th  S.  ii.  166). 
—If  it  be  allowable  to  "cap"  DR.  APPLE- 
TON'S  note,  mention  should  be  made  of  the 
eminent  artist  and  engineer  Jan  Cornelis 
Vermeijen,  often  called  "  Hans  May "  or 
"Jan  May,"  "Barbato"  or  "  Barbalonga" 
(born  c.  1500,  died  1559).  Bryan's  '  Biogra- 
phical Dictionary '  has  a  satisfactory  article 
on  him,  from  which  these  sentences  may  be 
quoted  : — 

"  He  was  also  remarkable  for  the  length  of  his 
beard  !  This,  though  the  wearer  was  a  tall  man. 
used  to  trail  on  the  ground,  and  the  Emperor 


276 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io«-  s.  n.  OCT.  i,  im. 


[Charles  V.  or  VI.  :  he  was  under  the  protection  of 
each],  when  in  a  playful  mood,  would  condescend 
to  tread  upon  it !  Hence  the  names  of  Barbudo, 
Hans  with  the  Beard,  &c." 

A  beautiful  engraving  of  Vermeijen,  by 
Jan  Wierix,  is  No.  15  in  the  collection 
*  Pictprum  aliquot  Celebrium  Germanise 
Inferioris  Effigies.'  It  is  a  haft-length.  The 
beard  flows  gracefully  downwards  out  of 
sight.  The  lines  at  the  foot  of  the  portrait 
are  addressed  to  the  Emperor,  and  the  last 
four  seem  to  allude  to  the  incident  mentioned 
by  Bryan  :— 

Nee  minus  ille  sua  spectacula  praebuit  arte 

Celso  conspicuus  vertice  grata  tibi. 
Jussus  prolixse  detecta  volumina  barbas 
Ostentare  suos  pendula  adusque  pedes. 

C.  DEEDES. 
Chichester. 

QUOTATION:  AUTHOR  AND  CORRECT  TEXT 
WANTED  (10th  S.  ii.  149). —  The  correct 
rendering  is  : — 

Go,  stranger  !  track  the  deep, 

Free,  free  the  white  sail  spread  ! 
Wave  may  not  foam,  nor  wild  wind  sweep, 

Where  rest  not  England's  dead. 

This  is  the  concluding  quatrain  of  Mrs. 
Hemans's  poem  entitled  'England's  Dead.' 
There  are  fourteen  verses  in  all,  and  the 
whole  forms,  in  my  opinion,  one  of  the  most 
sublime  poems  ever  written  in  the  English 
language.  CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

GODFREY  HIGGINS  (10th  S.  ii.  184). —  The 
note  on  Godfrey  Higgins  reminds  me  that 
I  have  long  meant  to  point  out  that 
he  wrote  a  pamphlet  (and  I  think  more 
than  one)  on  the  management  of  lunatic 
asylums.  He  was  a  justice  of  the  peace 
for  the  West  Riding  of  Yorkshire,  and 
regarded  it  as  his  duty  personally  to  inspect 
certain  institutions  of  that  kind,  and  his 
visits  thereto  had  not  given  him  a  favourable 
impression  of  the  way  in  which  they  were 
managed.  I  had  at  one  time  a  copy  of  one 
of  these  which  he  had  given  to  my  grand- 
father, who  was  a  friend  of  his ;  but  I  regret 
to  say  it  is  now  lost,  so  that  I  cannot  give  its 
title.  He  also  published  a  defence  of  the 
character  of  Mohammed.  I  point  out  these 
things  because  their  titles  do  not  occur  in 
Bonn's  edition  of  Lowndes's  *  Bibliographer's 
Manual.'  EDWARD  PEACOCK. 

Wickentree  House,  Kirton-in-Lindsey. 

UNCLE  REMUS  IN  TUSCANY  (10th  S.  ii.  183). 
—This  is  one  of  La  Fontaine's  fables,  'Le 
Lottp  et  le  Renard,'  book  xi.  fable  vi.  The 
editor  of  La  Fontaine  refers  to  Regnier,  the 
modern  Latin  fabulist,  as  the  original.  This 


fable,  which  is  not  classical,  is  undoubtedly 
founded  on  that  of  the  fox  and  the  goat, 
which  has  been  told  by  Phsedrus.  But  there- 
is  nothing  about  the  buckets  in  the  classical 
fable,  and  it  is  this  circumstance  of  the 
buckets  which  makes  the  fables  of  Pulci,  La 
Fontaine,  and  Uncle  Remus  the  same.  In  a 
note  to  La  Fontaine's  '  Le  Renard  et  le  Bouc,' 
which  is  a  version  of  the  fable  of  Phsedrus, 
M.  Walckenaer  has  referred  to  the  passage 
quoted  from  the  'Morgante  Maggiore'  oi 
Pulci.  E.  YARDLEY. 

MORLAND'S  GRAVE  (10th  S.  ii.  49,  137).—  In 
an  engraving  at  p.  63  in  the  '  Homes,  Works, 
and  Shrines  of  English  Artists,'  by  F.  W.. 
Fairholt,  1873,  the  spot  is  pointed  out  in  the 
cemetery  of  St.  James's  Chapel,  Hampstead 
Road  (not  "Hampstead,"  as  stated  by  MR. 
OLIVER),  where  Morland  was  buried.  Not 
far  off  is  the  also  unmarked  grave  of  the 
notorious  Lord  George  Gordon,  who,  it  was 
said,  became  a  Jew  before  his  death  in  New- 
gate in  1793.  With  regard  to  Morland,  his- 
fame  is  engraven  on  his  works  ;  with  them 
let  it  remain.  HENRY  GERALD  HOPE. 

119,  Elms  Road,  Clapham,  S.W. 

WlLLOCK  OF  BORDLEY,  NEAR  SETTLE,  YORKS 

(10th  S.  ii.  188).—  In  the  seventeenth  century 
a  daughter  and  coheir  of  Willock  of  Bordley 
married  Thomas  King,  of  Skellands,  co.  York. 
They  are  now  represented  by  King  of  Chads- 
Hunt,  co.  Warwick.  G.  BRIGSTOCKE. 

Ryde,  Isle  of  Wight. 

LATIN  QUOTATIONS  (10th  S.  i.  188,  297,  437  ; 
ii.  110).— 

1.  "Exemplis  erudimur  omnes  aptius."  — 
This  line  recalls  the  words  of  the  elder  Seneca 
('Contr.,'  9,  25,  27,;  p.  411,  Kiessling),  "quia 
facilius  et  quid  imitandum  et  quid  vitandum 
sit  docemur  exemplo."  But  the  sentiment  is 
not  uncommon.  Cp.  Seneca,  Epist.  6,  5  ; 
'Phsedr.,'  2,  2,  2  ;  and  S.  Leo  Magnus,  Serm. 
85  (83),  cap.  i.  :— 

"Ad  erudiendum  Dei  populum  nulloruni  est 
utilior  forma  quam  martyrum.  Eloquentia  sita 
facilis  ad  exorandum  ;  sit  ratio  efficax  ad  suaden- 
dum  ;  validiora  tamen  sunt  exempla  quam  verba  ; 
et  plus  (v.l.  plenius  or  planius)  est  opere  docere 
quam  voce." 

10.  4'Defectus  natune,  error  naturae  "  (ap- 
plied to  woman).  —  See  Aristotle,  '  De  Genera- 
tione  Animalium,'  4,  6,  11,  Kat  Sec  •u 


J^v,  and  4,  3,  2,      apeKeKe  yap  17 

€V    TOVTOIS    €K    TOV    ytVOVS   TpOTTOV     TLVOL.       '  Ap\T) 

8e  Trputrr)  TO  OrjXv  yevccrffaL  /cat  ;>a)  appey.     Sep 
also  J.  C.  Scaliger,  '  Exercit.  de  Subtil.,'  cxxxu 
p.  455  (ed.  1612). 
15    "  Natura    semper    intendit    quod    esfe 


OCT.  1,1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


277 


optimum."  —  See  Aristotle,  *  De  Incessu  Ani- 
malium,'  12,   2,   Atrioi/   8'    on   fj 


tjfJiiovpye  fj.rr]Vy  wcrTrcp  f.py]Ta.i  irporcpov, 
aAAa  Trai/ra  Trpos  TO  f3f\.TLcrTOv  €K  T&V  e 
Xopfvov.  Also  2,  1,  and  8,  1  ;  'De  Partibus 
Anirnalium,'  2,  14.  3  ;  4,  10,  21  ;  '  De  luven- 
tute,'  <fcc.,  4,  1;  'De  Caelo,'  2,  5,  3  ;  4Pro- 
blemata,'  16,  10,  1. 

21.  "  Laus  sequitur  fugientem."—  Erasmus 
has  the  same  idea  in  his  '  Adagia  '  ("  Ne 
bos  quidem  pereat  "),  p.  705,  col.  1,  1.  53 
(ed.  1629)  :— 

"  Nulli  enim  minus  expetunt,  aut  sustinent  etiam 
laudari,  quam  qui  maxime  promerentur  ......  virtuti, 

quam  nolentem  etiam  sequitur  sua  gloria." 

46.  "  Vivit  post  f  unera  virtus."—  MR.  WAINE- 
WRIGHT  has  already  referred  (p.  297  of  the 
last  volume)  to  the  previous  discussion  of 
these  words  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  It  ought  perhaps 
to  be  pointed  out  that  at  the  last  reference 
cited  (8th  S.  xi.  152)  there  was  a  curious  mis- 
apprehension. The  late  REV.  E.  MARSHALL 
wrote  :— 

"I  cannot  see  why  Borbonius  calls  this  'Dictum 
Tiberii  Cjesaris.'  His  usually  ascribed  motto  is 
about  shearing,  not  flaying  (Suetonius,  '  Vit.,'  c. 
xxxii.  ;  Dio,  bk.  Iviii.)." 

But  the  successor  of  Augustus  was  not  the 
only  Roman  emperor  who  bore  the  name 
Tiberius,  and  it  is  to  the  second  Tiberius 
that  Borbonius  (see  '  Delit.  Poet.  Germ.,' 
part  i.  p.  683)  gives  the  couplet  :  — 

Excole  virtutem  :  virtus  post  funera  vivit, 
Solaque  post  mortem  nos  superesse  facit. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 
The  University,  Adelaide,  S.  Australia. 

TICKLING  TROUT  (9th  S  xii.  505  ;  10th  S.  i. 
154,  274,  375,  473).—  A  learned  and  reverend 
friend  informs  me  that  in  the  days  of  his 
youth  he  often  enjoyed  this  sport  in  the 
well-stocked  streams  of  his  native  parish. 
This  branch  of  the  gentle  craft  appears  also 
to  have  been  practised  at  least  as  early  as 
the  thirteenth  century.  In  'Le  Court  de 
Baron,'  a  book  of  precedents  of  procedure  in 
manorial  courts,  is  a  case  of  "  taking  fish  in 
the  lord's  pond,"  and  the  culprit  is  made  to 
day  in  his  defence  that  he  was  walking  by  the 
lord's  preserve  and  watching  the  fish  upur 
le  grant  desir  que  jeo  auvi  a  une  tenche  quo 
jeo  me  mis  a  la  rive,  e  de  mes  mains  seule- 
ment  e  tut  pleinement  saunz  autre  sutilite 
cele  tenche  pris  e  emporte." 

NATHANIEL  HONE. 

FlNGAL  AND  DlARMID  (10th  S.  H.  87,  152).— 

The  legend  associated  with  the  Boar's  Loch 
in  Glenshee  (Perthshire)  is  contained  in  a 
Gaelic  poem,  a  translation  of  which,  under 
the  title  '  The  Death  of  Dermid,'  is  included 


m  *4  An  Original  Collection  of  the  Poems  of 
Ossian,  Orrann,  Ulin,  and  other  Bards,  who 
flourished  in  the  same  Age.  Collected  and 
edited  by  Hugh  and  John  M'Callum.  Mont- 
rose  :  Printed  at  the  Review  Newspaper 
Mce,  for  the  Editors,  by  James  Watt,  Book- 
seller, 1816."  A  fuller  edition  of  the  poem 
^published  by  Dr<  J?hn  Smifch>  minister 
of  Kiiorandon,  Argyleshire,  about  1780. 
Dermid  appears,  under  various  names,  in 

mariy  °mLfche  poems  by  Ossian  and  other 
bards.  Ihe  following  may  be  quoted  as 
examples:  In  'Fingal,'  as  "Dermid  of  the 
dark-brown  hair";  in  'Temora,'  as  "Dermid, 
son  of  Duthno";  in  'The  Fingalians'  Great 
Distress,  as  "  the  brown-haired  Dearmid  "  • 
m  *  The  Banners  of  the  Fingalians,'  as  "Der- 
mid, the  son  of  Duvno";  in  'The  Death  of 
Dermid,'  as  "Diarmid"  and  "Dermid,  the 
80nAf  Duivne."  There  is  little  doubt  that 
alH-efer  to  the  same  person. 

I  shall  be  pleased  to  lend  the  querist  the 
book  mentioned  above. 

JOHNT.  THORP,  FR.S.L. 
57,  Regent  Road,  Leicester. 

IRRESPONSIBLE  SCRIBBLERS  (10th  S.  ii 
86,  136,  196).  —  Conspicuously  placed  at 
various  points  of  that  magnificent  pile  Mont 
St.  Michel  in  Normandy  are  notices  in 
French,  English,  German,  and  Italian,  warn- 
ing visitors  not  to  deface  the  walls  under 
pain  of  a  substantial  fine.  It  is  pleasant  to 
be  able  to  record  that  the  injunction  is  fully 
respected,  so  far,  at  any  rate,  as  could  be 
judged  from  a  recent  visit  paid  by  myself  to 
that  marvel  of  ages,  still  undergoing  con- 
siderable restoration.  No  doubt  the  tendency 
bo  scribble  or  carve  is  much  checked  by 
the  system  of  conducted  parties,  over  whose 
behaviour  the  guides  appear  to  exercise  a 
commendable  vigilance. 

By  the  way,  is  there  not  a  slight  error  in 
the  well-known  lines  as  quoted  by  MR 
JAGGARD  ?  "  Do  not  climb  at  all,"  I  think 
the  words  should  run.  CECIL  CLARKE. 

Junior  Athenaeum  Club. 

I  venture  to  remark  that  it  cannot  be  gain- 
said that  many  of  the  pilgrims  from  all  parts 
of  the  world  who  flock  to  view  the  Tower  of 
London  inspect  with  compassion  the  inscrip- 
tions attributed  to  eminent  persons  who 
have  been  imprisoned  therein.  In  the  Beau- 
champ  Tower  is  the  oldest  of  all,  being  that 
of  Thomas  Talbot,  1462,  who  took  part  in  the 
Wars  of  the  Roses.  There  are  similar  inscrip- 
tions in  the  Bell  Tower  and  in  the  Devereux 
Tower;  but  with  the  exception  of  the  Dudley 
carving,  the  signature  of  Philip,  Earl  of 
Arundel,  and  the  inscription  of  the  Countess 


278 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io«-  s.  n.  OCT.  i,  1904. 


of  Lennox,  Darnley's  mother,  in  the  Queen's 
House,  few  can  be  assigned  with  certainty  to 
the  most  famous  prisoners.  There  is  in  the 
wonderful  Wallace  Collection  a  charming 
picture  by  Fragonard  entitled  'Le  Chiffre 
d'Amour,'  representing  a  lady  carving  her 
name  on  a  tree  (Lord  Hertford  gave  1,400Z. 
for  the  picture  in  1865) ;  but  the  rude 
cuttings  on  the  Coronation  Chair  in  West- 
minster Abbey  only  induce  a  feeling  of 
chagrin.  The  Earl  of  Durham,  when  pre- 
siding recently  at  the  opening  of  the  Durham 
Agricultural  Show,  held  in  Lambton  Park, 
referred  to  the  practice  of  cutting  names  on 
trees.  For  this  very  old  custom  they  had 
the  authority  of  Shakespeare  in  the  case  of 
Orlando,  who  carved  names  on  trees  in  the 
Forest  of  Arden,  but  he  asked  lovesick  swains 
to  remember  that  that  was  not  the  Forest  of 
Arden,  but  Lambton  Park,  and  advised  them 
to  adopt  some  more  manly  form  of  courting. 

HENRY  GERALD  HOPE. 
119,  Elms  Road,  Clapham,  S.W. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

English  Miracle  Plays,  Moralities,  and  Interludes. 

Edited  by  Alfred  W.  Pollard,    M.A.    (Oxford, 

Clarendon  Press.) 

To  the  fourth  edition  of  Mr.  Pollard's  '  English 
Miracle  Plays  '  several  notable  additions  have  been 
made,  including  some  illustrations  from  fifteenth 
and  sixteenth  century  sources.  These  are  mostly 
drawn  from  France  or  the  Netherlands.  One  from 
'The  pleasant  and  stately  morall  of  the  Three 
Lordes  and  Three  Ladies  of  London,'  printed  by 
R.  Ihones  in  1590,  is  of  English  origin,  and  is  sup- 
posed to  show  a  performance  in  a  private  house  of 
a  morality.  Many  of  the  designs  are  taken  from 
Books  of  Hours  for  the  Use  of  Sarum  or  Rome ; 
from  '  Le  Compost  et  Kalendrier  des  Bergers ' ; 
from  Antoine  Verard's  '  Therence  en  Francoys,'  and 
other  works  printed  in  Paris.  The  designs  to 
Wynkyn  de  Worde's  '  Hyckscorner '  and  to  '  Every- 
man '  are  slightly  altered  from  French  sources.  In 
the  additions  to  the  notes  use  has  been  made  of  the 
eminently  full  and  scholarly  '  Mediaeval  Stage  ;  of 
Mr.  E.  K.  Chambers,  to  which  we  drew  attention 
upon  its  appearance  from  Messrs.  Duckworth 
&  Co.  Besides  matter  from  the  York,  Chester, 
Towneley,  and  Coventry  Plays,  the  work  gives  long 
extracts  from  'The  Mystery  of  Mary  Magdalene,' 

*  The  Castle  of  Perseverance,'  '  Everyman,'  '  The 
Interlude  of  the  Four  Elements,' Skelton's  'Magny- 
fycence,'  Heywood's  '  The  Pardoner  and  the  Frere,' 

*  Thersytes,'  and  Bale's  '  King  John,'  a  useful  and 
representative  collection.     The  introduction   and 
notes  are  valuable,  and  the  entire  work  is  one  that 
the  student  of  our  early  drama  will  do  well  to  keep 
near  at  hand.    To  the  theatre  of   Hroswitha,  the 
tenth-century  nun  of    Gandersheim,   Mr.   Pollard 
does   scanty  justice  ;  but  the  work  is  trustworthy 
and  excellent  in  all   respects.     It    has    a    useful 
glossary. 


The  Prophetic  Books  of  William  Slake. — Jerusalem* 
Edited  by  E.  R.  D.  Maclagan  and  A.  G.  RusselL 
(Sullen.) 

THIS  handsomely  printed  volume  is  the  first  of 
what,  it  may  be  assumed,  is  intended  to  be  a  series 
of  the  '  Prophetic  Books  '  of  Blake.  That  all  of  these 
are  to  be  issued  is  not  expressly  stated,  but  a  second 
volume  is  announced  as  nearly  ready,  and  the  title 
suggests  an  indefinite  extension.  No  attempt  is 
made  to  supply  the  illustrations  which  constitute 
in  the  general  estimation  the  chief  attractions  of  the 
'Prophetic  Books.'  There  is  a  world,  eager  and 
enthusiastic,  though  limited,  which  seeks  to  study 
the  words  of  the  inspired  mystic,  and  for  such  a 
work  of  this  class  is  desirable,  and  almost,  it  may  be 
said,  indispensable.  To  dwell  upon  the  features 
and  significance  of  Blake's  symbolism,  as  shown  in 
the  'Jerusalem,'  the  'Milton,'  and  the  various 
other  works,  is  a  task  which  the  editors  find 
impossible  within  their  self-prescribed  limits  of 
several  pages,  and  from  which,  with  the  narrow 
space  at  our  command,  we  naturally  shrink. 
Arduous  study  is,  however,  requisite  to  obtain 
secure  interpretation,  and  we  prefer  to  regard 
the  entire  work  as  an  emanation  of  inspired 
mysticism,  informed  with  passages  of  resplendent 
imagination.  Blake's  ideas  on  rime  and  blank  verse, 
and  on  the  influence  of  a  monotonous  cadence  such 
as  he  finds  in  Milton  and  Shakespeare  and  all 
writers  of  English  blank  verse,  are  given  in  his 
opening  address  to  the  public.  A  few  lyrical  pas- 
sages are  scattered  up  and  down  the  text,  but 
constitute,  as  regards  length,  an  insignificant  por- 
tion of  the  volume.  There  are  those  who  claim 
to  comprehend  the  symbolism  of  'Jerusalem,' and 
for  whom  its  topographical  allusions  even  have 
weight.  Of  such  are  not  we,  and  a  dozen  attempts 
to  master  the  problems  lead  us  only  further 
astray.  Numerous  splendid  passages,  however, 
lighten  our  quest.  We  can  also  tell  those  of  our 
readers  whom  symbolism  attracts  that  a  treasure- 
house  is  open  for  their  inspection. 

Asser's  Life  of  King  Alfred,  together  with  the 
Annals  of  St.  Neots,  erroneously  ascribed  to- 
Asser.  Edited  by  William  Henry  Stevenson, 
M.A.  (Oxford,  Clarendon  Press.) 
OF  the  two  aims  set  before  himself  by  Mr.  Steven- 
son, those  of  supplying  a  critical  edition  of  the  text 
of  the  '  Life  of  Alfred,'  and  vindicating  the  genuine- 
ness of  the  text,  the  latter  is  the  more  easy.  The 
fire  on  23  October,  1731,  at  the  Cottonian  Library, 
then  recently  removed  to  Ashburnham  House, 
Little  Dean's  Yard,  Westminster,  involved  the 
destruction  of  the  only  authoritative  MS.  (Otho 
A.  xii.).  Of  the  many  editions  of  Asser  subse- 
quently issued,  all  contained  interpolations  from 
later  and  less  trustworthy  works.  Wise's  edition,, 
published  in  1722  by  the  Oxford  University  Press, 
reprinted  the  original  without,  as  was  supposed, 
the  corruptions  of  Archbishop  Parker,  and  has 
accordingly  been  held  a  fairly  pure  source.  Unfor- 
tunately, as  is  now  shown,  Wise  trusted  the 
collation  of  the  text  to  James  Hill,  who  executed 
the  task  in  perfunctory  fashion,  with  the  result  that 
most  of  the  alterations  and  errors  of  Parker's 
edition  of  1574,  which  were  retained  by  Camden 
in  his  Frankfort  edition  of  1602-3,  and  some  of 
Camden's  own,  reappear.  What  Mr.  Stevenson 
has  done  has  been  to  go  carefully  through  such 
materials  as  exist.  From  these,  chief  among  which 
is  Florence  of  Worcester,  he  has  succeeded  in 


.  ii.  OCT.  i,  1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


279 


establishing  a  twelfth-century  text,  Asserius  de 
Rebus  Gestis  /Elfredi.  Those  portions  that  are 
worthy  of  acceptance,  including  all  copied  by 
Florence  of  Worcester,  are  printed  in  roman  text, 
while  the  portions  that  he  omitted  are  given  in 
italics.  Mr.  Stevenson  has  also  printed  as  an 
appendix  the  so-called  Annals  of  St.  Neots,  the 
'Chronicon  Fani  Sancti  Neoti  sive  Annales,  qui 
dicuntur  Asserii,'  with  omissions,  the  nature  and 
extent  of  which  are  stated.  As  regards  the  authority 
of  the  work,  Mr.  Stevenson  holds,  with  Kemble, 
Stubbs,  and  Freeman,  and  also  with  Dr.  Reinhold 
Pauli  and  the  best  German  authorities,  that  the 
'  Life '  is  genuine.  It  has  been  impugned  by  more 
than  one  scholar,  but  its  only  assailant  with  whom 
there  is  need  to  reckon  is  Thomas  Wright.  Wright 
was  a  good  antiquary,  but  his  censure  was  generally 
passed  upon  portions  subsequently  seen  to  be  inter- 
polations. The  scholar  is  now  provided  with  the  best 
and  most  trustworthy  text  accessible,  and  with 
introduction  and  notes  that  cover  the  field  of 
Anglo-Saxon  literature  and  history. 


THE  Rev.  William  Douglas  Parish,  formerly 
Chancellor  of  Chichester  Cathedral,  who  died 
23  September,  graduated  from  Trinity  College, 
Oxford,  in  1858,  taking  the  degree  of  S.C.L.  He 
was  ordained  deacon  in  1859  and  priest  in  1861  by 
Dr.  Gilbert,  Bishop  of  Chichester,  and  became 
curate  of  Firle,  Sussex.  Four  years  later  he  was 
nominated  by  the  l)pan  and  Chapter  of  Chichester 
to  the  vicarage  of  Selmeston  with  Alciston,  Sussex, 
which  he  held  till  his  death.  Bishop  Durnford 
appointed  him,  in  1877,  to  the  Chancellorship  of 
Chichester  Cathedral,  but  he  resigned  this  office 
in  1900.  His  compilations  included  'A  List  of 
Carthusians.'  with  biographical  notes,  and  l  The 
Domesday  Book  in  Relation  to  the  County  of 
Sussex/  He  drew  up  dictionaries  of  the  Kentish 
and  the  Sussex  dialects,  while  his  book  on  'School 
Attendances  secured  without  Compulsion'  (1875)  is 
in  its  fifth  edition.  He  was  a  frequent  contributor 
to  our  columns. 

MR.  VINCENT  A.  SMITH,  the  biographer  of  Asoka, 
has  written  '  The  Early  History  of  India,'  which 
the  Oxford  University  Press  is  about  to  publish. 
The  period  dealt  with  is  from  600  B.C.  to  the 
Muhammadan  Conquest,  including  the  invasion  of 
Alexander  the  Great,  which  has  not  been  treated 
adequately  in  any  modern  volume.  It  is  claimed 
that  this  book  is  the  first  attempt  to  give  a  con- 
nected narrative  of  the  events  in  Indian  political 
history  prior  to  the  conquest. 

BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUES. 

WE  commence  our  September  and  October  notices 
with  the  clearance  list  of  Mr.  J.  Baldwin,  of  Ley  ton, 
Essex,  the  prices  in  which  are  moderate.  There  are 
first  editions  of  '  David  Copperfield '  and  'The  Mill 
on  the  Floss,'  early  editions  of  Scott,  and  interest- 
ing items  under  Herbert  Spencer  and  Owen  Mere- 
dith. The  list  also  includes  an  uncut  copy  of  Leigh 
Hunt's  Indicator,  a  copy  of  Mark  Pattison's  '  Isaac 
Casaubon/  1875,  and  some  curious  old  novels,  one 
extending  to  seven  volumes.  We  wonder  what  Mr. 
Arthur  Mudie,  who  has  been  a  strenuous  advocate 
of  the  one- volume  novel,  would  say  to  such  a  work 
nowadays. 

The  list  of  our  old  friend  Mr.  Bertram  Dobell 
contains  a  Collection  of  Rare  Plays.  There  are 


79  items  under  this  heading.  Among  these  we- 
find  Fletcher's  '  The  Faithful!  Shepherdesse,  acted 
at  Somerset  House  before  the  King  and  Queene  on 
Twelfe  night  last,  1633,'  Richard  Meighen,  1634, 
51.  5s.  ;  the  first  edition  of  Dryden's  '  The  Duke  of 
Guise,'  edges  uncut,  1683,  31.  3*.  ;  and  first  editions 
of  Sheridan's  'Critic'  and  'Pizarro.'  Among  the- 
rarities  under  Miscellaneous  are  the  first  edition  of 
'  Blank  Verse,'  by  Charles  Lamb  and  Charles  Lloyd, 
1798. 11.  7s.  (this  is  beautifully  bound  by  Riviere  in 
crushed  blue  morocco) ;  the  rare  first  edition  of 
'Tales  from  Shakespeare,'  1807,  211. ;  the  first  edi- 
tion of  North's  '  Plutarch,'  1579, 41. 4s. ;  and  Richard 
Robinson's  '  The  Auncient  Order,  Societie,  and 
Unitie  Laudable,  of  Prince  Arthure,  and  his 
Knightly  Armory  of  the  Round  Table,' 1583,  121.  12s. 
The  last  work  is  excessively  rare.  Robinson  was  on&- 
of  the  sentinels  employed  by  the  Earl  of  Shrewsbury 
to  watch  over  Mary,  Queen  of  Scots.  Mr.  Dobell  has 
also  curious  books  on  wine,  beer,  and  spirits,  and 
many  of  the  publications  of  the  Early  English  Text 
Society. 

Mr.  Charles  Higham  sends  us  a  further  selection 
from  his  stock  of  second-hand  theological  books. 
These  include  Roman  Catholic  and  Patristic  litera- 
ture. Among  many  items  of  interest  we  notice  two 
complete  sets  of  'Tracts  for  the  Times '(Tract  90* 
is  of  the  first  edition  in  one  of  these) ;  Mark  Patti- 
son's sermons  ;  and  a  sermon  by  Froude  on  the 
death  of  the  Rev.  G.  May  Coleridge,  Torquay,  1847. 

Messrs.  Iredale,  of  Torquay,  have  some  autograph 
letters.  There  is  a  characteristic  one  of  Admiral 
Sir  Charles  Napier's  to  a  young  officer  :  "  Occasions 
for  doing  great  things  come  rarely  and  suddenly, 
so  that  if  a  man's  mind  be  not  prepared  he  cannot 
take  advantage  of  them,  and  then  talks  of  being 
unlucky."  There  is  also  a  very  businesslike  com- 
munication from  the  author  of  '  Proverbial  Philo- 
sophy,' 1874,  to  his  publishers,  Chapman  &  Hall : 
"  I  forgot  to  state  my  terms  are  no  loss  and  half 
profits.  The  American  portion  of  the  catalogue  is 
long  and  interesting.  Under  General  are  an  uncut 
copy  of  Burns,  1787,  12/.  12*. ;  '  The  Extraordinary 
Red  Book,'  1816  (this  gives  a  list  of  all  pensions 
and  sinecures  ;  Rundell  &  Bridge,  the  silversmiths, 
had  37,00$.,  mainly  for  snuff-boxes  intended  as 
presents  for  foreign'notabilities,  a  two  years'  bill) ; 
Jamieson's  'Scottish  Dictionary,'  5  vols.,  Paisley, 
1879,  57.  ;  Scott  Russell's  '  Naval  Architecture,'  4?., 
published  at  421.  ;  and  '  Memoirs  of  the  Verney 
Family  during  the  Civil  Wars,'  4  vols.,  21.  2s. 

Mr.  James  Miles,  of  Leeds,  has  an  autumn 
clearance  catalogue.  This  he  well  calls  "  Bargains 
in  Books."  The  items  include  the  Library  Edition 
of  Dickens,  price  01.  6s. ;  Edition  de  luxe  of  Fielding, 
1882,  31.  3s.  ;  Balzac,  Temple  Edition,  21.  12s.  Qd. 
There  are  a  number  of  works  on  art,  China,  and' 
Japan  ;  also  a  selection  of  modern  theology  from 
the  library  of  the  late  Rev.  H.  Dacre  Blanchard. 
This  includes  the  'Preacher's  Homiletical  Com- 
mentary,' 32  vols.,  Funk  &  Wagnalls,  1892-6, 
41.  17s.  6d.,  and  Neale's  'Essays  on  Liturgiology,' 
very  scarce,  1867,  21.  2*. 

Mr.  Peach,  of  Leicester,  offers  some  interesting 
MSS.,  among  which  is  Christine  de  Pisan's  'Le 
Livre  du  Regime  et  Government  des  Empresses,' 
&c.  The  second  and  third  books  deal  with  "femmes 
des  mestiers  et  femmes  des  laboureurs."  Mr.  Peach 
states  that  "several  of  Dame  Christine's  works 
were  englished  and  published  by  Caxton,  but  so 


280 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  n.  OCT.  i,  MM. 


far  as  I  can  ascertain  there  are  no  Englishings 
either  in  MS.  or  print  of  this  work,  nor  can  I  find 
a  French  edition  of  the  text."  This  MS.  is  priced 
at  311  10.5.  Mr.  Peach's  short  catalogue  of  197  items 
is  full  of  interest. 

Among  items  in  the  catalogue  of  Mr.  Richard- 
son, of  Manchester,  we  note  King's  '  Mediaeval 
Architecture  '  1893,  published  at  12/.  12*.,  offered  at 
51.  ;  Dafforne  s  '  Modern  Art,'  price  31.,  published  at 
211.  ;  *  Bibliotheca  Curiosa,'  privately  printed,  Edin- 
burgh, 1883-8,  41.  5s.  ;  a  set  of  the  Camden  Society's 
publications,  1838-98,  221.  10s.  ;  Chetham  Society, 
1844-1903,  221.  10s.  ;  a  copy  of  Littre,  41.  10s. ;  *  The 
Academy  of  Armory,'  by  Randal  Holme,  Chester, 
1688,  exceedingly  scarce,  151. ;  the  Abbotsford  Scott, 
1842,  81.  ;  Lavater's  '  Essays,'  1792,  51. 10s.  ;  Evelyn's 

*  Diary,'  Colburn,   1854,  11.  10s.;   and  Cavendish's 
'Wolsev,'  1641,  full  bound  in  calf  by  Riviere,  81. 
There  are  also  many  books  on  Ireland. 

Messrs.  W.  H.  Smith  &  Son's  September  list  con- 
tains a  large  collection  of  works  in  all  branches  of 
general  literature ;  also  a  long  and  interesting  list 
of  new  remainders. 

We  cannot  notice  Messrs.  Sotheran's  September 
catalogue  without  an  expression  of  deep  sympathy 
with  them  in  the  loss  they  have  sustained  by  the 
•death  of  their  partner,  Mr.  Alexander  Balderston 
Railton,  who  died  very  suddenly  on  11  September. 
We  had  frequent  occasion  to  seek  information  from 
JVlr.  Railton,  and  always  found  him  ready  and 
pleased  to  help  us  from  his  vast  stores  of  book-lore. 
Mr.  Henry  Cecil  Sotheran  pays  a  just  tribute  to 
him  in  the  Publisher*'  Circular  of  the  17th  ult.,  and 
describes  him  just  as  we  shall  long  remember  him  : 
"The  keen,  eager  face,  the  kindly  smile  which 
'brightened  it,  the  outward  look  of  the  man  we 
knew  so  well."  Mr.  Railton  will  ever  be  remem- 
bered with  gratitude  by  British  scholars,  for  when 
Messrs.  Sotheby  had  in  their  hands  an  offer  from 
America  for  the  purchase  of  the  Bibliotheca  Spen- 
ceriana  at  Althorp,  he  at  once  communicated  with 
Mrs.  Rylands,  who  promptly  replied,  giving  in- 
structions to  secure  the  collection  at  any  price. — 
Messrs.  Sotheran's  new  catalogue  opens  with  a 
coloured  copy  of  Kingsboroughs  (Edward  King, 
Viscount)  '  Antiquities  of  Mexico,'  9  vols.,  imperial 
folio,  very  scarce,  1830-48,  1051.  Other  items  are  a 

Eresentation  copy  from  Napoleon  III.  to  Prince 
ouis  Lucien  Bonaparte  of  Thomas  a  Kempis, 
Imprimerie  Imperiale,  1855,  price  501.  (only  103 
copies  were  printed,  and  74  of  these  were  retained 
by  Napoleon  III.  This  edition  was  specially  got  up 
for  the  Paris  Exhibition  of  1855) ;  first  edition  of 
Burns,  521.  10s. ;  Lord  Vernon's  privately  printed 
edition  of  Dante,  IQl.  10s. ;  Gladstone's  '  Homer,' 
scarce,  1858,  21.  2s. ;  and  a  choice  collection  of  Row- 
landson,  all  first  editions,  1800-28,  1301.  A  consider- 
able portion  of  the  catalogue  is  devoted  to  Scottish 
subjects. 

Mr.  Albert  Sutton,  of  Manchester,  has  a  good 
general  list  and  a  number  of  books  specially  relating 
to  Lancashire.  This  includes  Mr.  Button's  list  of 

*  Lancashire  Authors,'  Manchester,  1876. 

Mr.  Thomas  Thorp,  of  St.  Martin's  Lane,  has  a 
good  miscellaneous  list.  The  items  include  Cruik- 
shank's  '  Almanacks,'  in  original  cloth,  uncut, 
11,  16s. ;  '  Scenes  from  the  Life  of  Edward  Lascelles,' 
1837,  bound  by  Zaehnsdorf ,  25s. ;  and  Grose's  '  Anti- 
quities,' 10  vols.  royal  4to,  full  russia,  a  fine  uniform 
set  of  the  best  edition,  1773-97,  81.  8s.  Under  Kent 
occur  Berry's  'Pedigrees,'  1830,  21.  5s.,  and  Buck's 


Views,  1738,  21.  3s.  Law's  '  Serious  Call,'  first  edi- 
tion, is  11.  Is.,  and  'A  Catalogue  of  the  most  Ven- 
dible Books  in  England,'  1658,  31.  3s.  The  intro- 
duction to  the  latter  work  was  attributed  to  Bishop 
Juxon,  but  its  writer  was  discovered  to  be  a, 
bookseller  at  Newcastle.  '  The  British  Gallery  of 
Portraits,'  Cadell,  1822,  is  9J.  10s.  There  are  also  a 
number  of  interesting  tracts. 

Mr.  Henry  T.  Wake,  of  Fritchley,  Derby,  issues 
a  small  catalogue  of  books,  antiquities,  and  coins 
each  month.  That  for  September  is  devoted  mostly 
to  Quaker  literature.  The  general  items  include  a 
specimen  of  early  Palissy  ware.  Mr.  Wake's  cata- 
logues are  neatly  written  and  reproduced  in  fac- 
simile, but  we  find  them  rather  trying  to  the  eye- 
sight, and  prefer  ordinary  type. 

Messrs.  Henry  Young  &  Sons,  of  Liverpool,  have 
a  very  interesting  catalogue  for  September.  Among 
many  items  we  notice  'Archaica:  a  Reprint  of 
Scarce  Old  English  Prose  Tracts,'  4to,  1815,  5  large 
vols.,  full  bound  in  calf  by  Bedford,  priced  at  the 
low  sum  of  51.  5s.  (this  set  was  sold  in  1874  for 
121.  12s.);  Britton's  'Architectural  Antiquities,' 
5  vols.,  1807-26, 51. 5s.  (cost  231.) ;  Billings's  '  Baronial 
and  Ecclesiastical  Antiquities,' original  cloth,  uncut, 
1845-52,  7/.  15s.  ;  Cassell's  Magazine  of  Art,  21  vols., 
1879-99,  51.  5s. ;  '  Bibliotheca  Curiosa,'  complete  set, 
large  paper,  scarce,  71.  7s.  ;  Bunyan's  '  Pilgrim's 
Progress,'  with  22  curious  sculptures  engraved  by 
J.  Sturt,  1728,  very  rare,  31.  10s.  (there  are  also  several 
other  editions) ;  Cicero,  printed  at  Basle  by  Her- 
vagian,  1540,  41.  4s. ;  Seneca,  1478,  101.  10s. ;  Fabian, 
1559,  101.  10s. ;  Demosthenes,  1532,  51.  5s.  ;  Gar- 
diner's 'Cromwell, '1897,  41.  10s. ;  Warner's  ' Hamp- 
shire,' 1795,  91.  9s.  ;  Francis  Drake's  '  Yorkshire,' 
1736,  a  very  clean  and  perfect  copy,  81.  8s.  ;  Ganier's 
'  Military  Costume,'  1882, 41. 4s. ;  and  Albert  Smith's 
Man  in  the  Moon,  a  complete  set,  5  vols.,  1848-50, 
21.  15s.  This  amusing  magazine  was  published 
monthly,  and  was  conducted  on  lines  similar  to 
Punch.  Messrs.  Young  have  a  selection  of  the 
publications  of  the  Arundel  Society. 


la 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
eajch  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 
put  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
heading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "  Duplicate." 

BRUTUS  ("Discovery  of  Noah's  Ark"). —The 
paragraph  went  the  round  of  the  papers,  as  a 
change  from  the  sea-serpent  story,  some  twenty 
years  ago. 

ERRATUM.— P.  230,  col.  2,  1.  13,  for  'Rhind  Lec- 
tures on  Archaeology'  read  Rhind  Lectures  in 
Archaeology.- 


ie»s.  ii.  OCT.  i,i9M.]          NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

BOOKSELLERS'    CATALOGUES    (OCTOBER). 

(Continued  from  Second  Advertisement  Page.) 


A.  RUSSELL  SMITH, 

24,  GREAT  WINDMILL  STREET,  LONDON,  W. 
(Close  to  Piccadilly  Circus). 

OLD  ENGLISH    LITERATURE, 

TOPOGRAPHY,  GENEALOGY,    TRACTS,   PAM- 
PHLETS, and  OLD  BOOKS  on  many  Subjects. 

ENGRAVED  PORTRAITS  AND  COUNTY 
ENGRAVINGS. 

GA  TALOG  UES  post  free. 


LEIGHTON'S 

CATALOGUE  OF  EARLY  PRINTED  AND 
OTHER  INTERESTING  BOOKS,  MANU- 
SCRIPTS, AND  BINDINGS. 

Part  VII.,  containing  R-SHAKBSPEARB,  with  about  160 

Illustrations,  price  2t.  ( just  issued). 
Part  I.,  containing  A— B,  with  120  Illustrations,  price  4*. 

Part  II.,  C,  with  220  Illustrations,  price  3*. 

Part*  III.— VI.,  D-Q,  with  550  Illustrations  in  Facsimile, 

price  2s.  each. 

J.    &   J.    LEIGHTON, 

40,  BREWER  STREET,  GOLDEN  SQUARE,  W. 


CATALOG  U  E 

OF   AN 

Interesting  Collection  of  Secondhand  Books 

IN  ALL  BRANCHES  OF  LITERATURE 

GENUINE    CLEARANCE    PRICES. 

Many  Rare  Items  and  First  Editions. 
Post  free  from 

J.     BALDWIN, 

14,  Osborne  Road,  Leyton,  Essex. 


TO  BOOKBUYERS  AND  LIBRARIANS  OF 
FREE  LIBRARIES. 

THE  OCTOBER  CATALOGUE 

OF 

Valuable  SECOND-HAND  WORKS 
and  NEW  REMAINDERS, 

Offered  at  Prices  greatly  reduced, 
18  NOW  READY, 

And  will  be  sent  pott  free  upon  application  to 

W.  H.  SMITH  &  SON, 

Library  Department,  186,  Strand,  London,  W.C. 


ALBERT     BUTTON, 

43,  Bridge  Street,  MANCHESTER. 

THE  FOLLOWING    CATALOGUES    SENT 

FREE  ON  APPLICATION:— 
SPORTING  BOOKS. 
BOOKS  of  the  "  SIXTIES." 
8BLAKESPEARE  and  the  DRAMA. 
MISCELLANEOUS  LITERATURE. 

BOOKS   AND    LIBRARIES    PURCHASED. 

Established  1S48. 


CLEARANCE  CATALOGUE  OF 
SECOND-HAND  BOOKS, 

INCLUDING  MANY  SCARCE  AND  DESIRABLE. 
ALSO — 

CATALOGUE  OF  OLD  FANCY  PRINTS 
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ii.  OCT.  s,  1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


281 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  8,  100U. 


CONTENTS.-No.  41. 

WOTBS  — King's  'Classical  and  Foreign  Quotations '—The 
Thinking  Horse.  281— High  Peak  Words,  282— Jane  Clair- 
mont's  Grave-Painting  on  Glass,  284-Historic  Cumber- 
land Oak— Thomas  Beach,  the  Portrait  Painter— Calvin's 

•  Institutes  '    1536  —  FitzGerald's    Song    in    Tennyson's 

•  Memoir'— Junius,  285— Link  with  the  Past— Sir  Mdwin 
Arnold  —  Prehistoric    Crocodile  —  Hawker    of    Morwen- 

OUBRIES  •— O'Neill  Seal— Morris  Dancers'  Plantation- 
Nelson  Anthology-Sir  Walter  I'Bspec-Wife  Day:  Wife 
Tea—  "Christiana!  ad  leones"— Foreign  Book-plates,  287— 
School  Company— I  Majuscule— "Jesso"— Denny  Family 
— Ludovico— Jacobite  Verses,  288— Jacob  Cole— Authors  of 
Quotations  Wanted-Dale  Family— Ardagh  —  Tickencote 
Church— John  Tregortha— Excavations  at  Richborough— 

EBPLIBS':— The  Tricolour,  290  —  Wiltshire  Naturalist  — 
Prescriptions— Descendants  of  Waldef  of  Cumberland,  291 
—Shakespeare's  Grave— Regiments  at  Boomplatz— Swift's 
Gold  Snuff-box  —  Desecrated  Fonts  —  Greenwich  Fair- 
Waggoner's  Wells  —  "  Kavisson  "  :  "  Scri velloes  "  —  ' '  A 
shoulder  of  mutton,"  &c.,  292—"  Humanum  est  errare  "— 
Messrs.  Coutts's  Removal  —  Sporting  Clergy,  293- Jane 
Stuart— One-armed  Crucifix,  294  — Tom  Moody— Holme 
Pierrepont  Parish  Library  —  Authors  of  Quotations 
Wanted,  295  — Baron  Ward— "First  kittoO  "—Cast-iron 
Chimney-back—London  Cemeteries,  29*5—  Whitsunday- 
Fair  Maid  of  Kent— Phrases  and  Reference— Closets  in 
Edinburgh  Buildings,  297—"  Feed  the  brute,"  298. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— Besanfs  'London  in  the  Time  of 
the  Tudors'  — Mr.  Baildon's  Edition  of  'Titus  Andro- 
nicus '  —  Kenny  on  the  Law  of  Tort  —  Heinemann's 
"  Favourite  Classics  "—Bell's  "  York  Library  "— Dickens's 
Christmas  Books— Reviews  and  Magazines. 


gate*. 

KING'S  'CLASSICAL  AND  FOREIGN 

QUOTATIONS.' 

ON  pp.  387-99  of  the  third  edition  (1904) 
of  Mr.  King's  '  Classical  and  Foreign  Quota- 
tions '  is  a  list  of  adespota  for  which  authors 
and  references  are  desired.  I  beg  to  supply 
the  following  notes. 

1.  "Grsecum  est,   non  potest  legi."  — See 
Dr.  Sandys's  *  Hist,   of  Class.   Scholarship,' 
pp.  582-3  :— 

"  Whenever  in  his  public  lectures  he  TAccursius 
of  Florence,  who  taught  at  Bolopna,  ob.  1260]  came 
upon  a  line  of  Homer  quoted  by  Justinian,  tradition 
describes  him  assaying:  Grcecumest,  necpotest  legi." 
See  the  references  given  in  Dr.  Sandys's  foot- 
notes. 

2.  GRAM  loquitur ;  DIA  verba  docet ;  RHET  verba 

colorat ; 
Mus  canit ;  AR  numerat ;  GEO  ponderat ;  AST 

colit  astra. 

Verba  after  DIA  should  be  vera.     See  Sandys, 
pp.  643-4  :— 

"The  late  Latin  couplet  summing  up  the  Seven 

Arts is  well  known  to  many  who  may  not  have 

heard  the  name  of  its  author,  or  rather  its  earliest 
recorder," 

who,  as  a  foot-note  informs  us,  is  the  Fran- 
ciscan Scotist,  Nicolaus  de  Orbellis  (Dorbel- 
lus),  ob.  1455. 
3.  "  Si  vis  amari,  ama."— Seneca,  Ep.  ix.  6. 


4.  "Stat  crux  dum   volvitur  orbis."  —  See 
10th  S.  i.  393,  where  this,  the  motto  of  the 
Carthusians,  is  said  to  have  been  composed 
by   Dom  Martin,   eleventh  General  of   the 
Order,  in  1233. 

5.  "Turpe  mori    post    te  solo  non  posse 
dolore." — Lucan,  ix.  108  (in  Cornelia's  lament 
for  Pompeius). 

6.  "  Ubi  lapsus,  quid  feci?"— I  have  already 
pointed  out  (9th   S.  xii.  374)  that  this  is  a 
translation  of  the  beginning  of  1.  42  in  the 
'Aureum  Pythagoreorum  Carmen': — 

Trap€fBf]V]    rt   8'    !/)e£a ;    ri   pot    Scov    OVK 


I  may  now  add  that  in  Erasmus's  4  Adagia ' 
("  Domesticum  Thesaurum  calumniari "),  p.  1 14, 
col.  2,  ed.  1629,  it  is  translated  by  the  Latin 
hexameter — 
Lapsus  ubi,  quid  feci,  aut  officii  quid  omissum  est  ? 

7.  "  Vivit  post  funera  virtus." — The  earliest 
date,  so  far  as  I  know,  to  which  this  has  been 
carried  back  is  1557  (not  1527,  as  printed  in 
Mr.  King's  book),  when  Dr.  Caius  inscribed 
it  on  Linacre's  monument  in  old  St.  Paul's. 
The  same  words,  it  may  be  remarked,  are  on 
Caius's  own  monument  in  the  chapel  of  his 
college.   But  the  phrase  is  to  be  found  before 
this.    See  G.  Sabinus,  Eleg.,  i.  1,  59,  "  Ut  tua 
morte  carens  vivat  post  funera  virtus"  (cf. 
53,    "Carmine  laudati    vivunt    post  funera 
reges ").     I  cannot  at  this  moment  give  the 
precise  date  of  the  poem,  but  it  is  a  dedica- 
tion   to   Cardinal  Albert   of    Brandenburg, 
Archbishop  of  Mainz  (ob.  1545). 

8.  "Vox,  et  prseterea  nihil."  — Mr.  King 
says,  "It  is  probable  that  the  quotation  is 
merely   the  Latin   translation  of  Plutarch's 
anecdote"  (Apophthegm.  Lacon.  incert.  xiii.). 
Xylander's    translation    of    the   passage    is 
"  vox  tu  es,  et  nihil  prseterea."  Lipsius,  at  the 
beginning  of  his  'Ad  versus  Dialpgistam  Liber,' 
has  :  "  Lacon  quidam   ad  lusciniam  ;  vox  es, 
prceterea  nihil."     This  confirms  Mr.  King's 
view. 

May  I  remark,  in  conclusion,  that  this  new 
edition  of  4  Classical  and  Foreign  Quotations ' 
seems  to  me  to  be  the  most  interesting  and 
readable  book  of  its  kind  in  the  English 
language?  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

The  University,  Adelaide,  S.  Australia. 


THE  THINKING  HORSE. 

(See  ante,  p.  165.) 

THERE  is  nothing  new  under  the  sun — 
not  even  the  thinking  horse.  We  find  these 
animals  cropping  up  from  time  to  time  in 
the  sixteenth,  seventeenth,  and  eighteenth 
centuries. 


282 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  n.  OCT.  s,  1904. 


The  best  known  was  Morocco  (or  Marocco] 
a  bay  horse,  fourteen  years  old,   belonging 
to  a  Scotchman  named  Banks,  who  publicly 
exhibited   him  in   Shakespeare's  time.     Sir 
Kenelm  Digby  says,  "  Morocco  would  restore 
a  glove  to  its  owner  after  Banks  had  whis 
pered  the  man's  name  in  his  ear,  would  tel 
the  just  number  of  pence  in  any  piece  o: 
silver  coin  newly  showed  him,"  &c. ;  and  Sir 
Walter  Raleigh,  in  his  *  History  of  the  World, 
writes  that  Banks  "  would  have  shamed  al 
the  inchanters  of  the  world  :  for  whosoever 
was  most  famous  among  them  could  never 
master  or  instruct  any  beast  as  he  did."    The 
immortal  William  alludes  to  him  in  '  Love's 
Labour 's   Lost.'      Moth,   wishing    to  prove 
how  simple  is  a  certain  problem  in  arith- 
metic,   says,   "The  dancing  horse   will  tell 
you."    Morocco,  we  learn,  added  to  his  in- 
tellectual attainments  other  lighter  accom- 
plishments, and,   shod   with    silver,    danced 
"the  Canaries,"  a  fashionable  dance  of  the 
time.   In  1600  Banks  made  his  horse  override 
the    vane    of    St.   Paul's    Cathedral    amidst 
thousands  of    spectators.     Whilst  this    was 
going  on  a  serving-man  came  to  his  master, 
who  was  inside  the  cathedral,  and  urged  him 
to  come  out  and  see  the  sight.    "  Away,  you 
fool ! "  was  the  answer.     "  Why  need  I  go  so 
far  to  see  a  horse  on  the  top  when  I  can  see 
so  many  asses  at  the  bottom  1 "    An  old  pam- 
phlet, published  in  1595,  called  '  Maroccus 
exstaticus,  or  Bankes  Bay  Horse  in  a  Traunce,' 
&c.,  has  a  woodcut  representing  the  animal 
standing  on   its  hind  legs,  with  dice  at  its 
feet..    The  exhibition  took  place  generally  in 
the  yard  of  the  "Bell-Savage  "  Inn  in  Fleet 
Street ;  but  Banks  also  gave  performances 
elsewhere.    In  another  old  book  of  the  day, 
called  *  Tarlton's  Jests,'  the  following  story  is 
told  :— 

**  Once  when  Banks  was  at  the  '  Crosse  Keyes ' 
with  Morocco,  Tarlton  (who  was  the  favourite 
clown  of  Queen  Elizabeth's  time)  came  in  and  placed 
himself  amongst  the  admiring  spectators,  upon 
which  Banks,  instantly  turning  to  his  horse,  said, 
'Signior' — which  was  the  way  he  generally  ad- 
dressed him — '  go  fetch  me  the  veriest  fool  in  the 
company,'  upon  which  Morocco  with  his  mouth 
draws  Tarlton  out.  Tarlton  with  merry  words 
said  nothing  but  '  God  a  mercy,  horse  ! '  Ever  after 
it  was  a  by- word  through  London,  '  God  a  mercy, 
horse  ! '  and  is  to  this  day." 

Banks  took  Morocco  to  Scotland  in  1596, 
and  in  a  MS.  in  the  Advocates'  Library, 
written  by  Patrick  Anderson,  the  author 


"  This  man  [Banks]  would  borrow  from  20  to  30 
of  the  spectators  a  piece  of  gold  or  silver,  put  all 
in  a  bag,  and  shuffle  them  together;  thereafter 
he  would  bid  the  horse  give  every  gentleman  his 
own  piece  of  money  again." 


He  also  took  him,  in  1601,  to  France,  when 
he  had  exhibitions  at  the  "  Golden  Lion"  in 
the  Rue  St.  Jacques,  and  there  is  an  account 
of  him  in  the  notes  to  a  French  translation 
of  Apuleius's  'Golden  Ass,'  printed  in  1602. 
In  France  the  poor  animal  only  just  escaped 
being  burnt  alive  as  an  emissary  of  the 
devil.  The  astute  Scotchman  saved  Morocco's 
life  by  making  him  select  a  man  out  of  the 
crowd  who  had  a  cross  on  his  hat,  and  pay 
homage  to  the  sacred  emblem,  bowing  and 
kneeling  before  him.  Many  accounts  say 
that  ultimately  this  sad  fate  did  really  over- 
take him,  and  that  both  Banks  and  his  horse 
were  burnt  as  magicians  at  Rome.  Ben 
Jonson  evidently  believed  this,  as  he  says  in 
his  *  Epigrams  ' : — 

But  'mongst  these  Tiberts,  who  do  you  think  there 

was? 

Did  Banks  the  Juggler,  our  Pythagoras, 
Grave  tutor  to  the  Learned  Horse  ;  both  which, 
Being  beyond  sea,  burned  for  one  witch, 
Their  spirits  transmigrated  to  a  cat. 

Later  investigations  tend  to  prove,  how- 
ever, that  Banks  was  still  living — and  a. 
lourishing  vintner  in  Cheapside— in  King 
Charles  I.'s  reign,  and  we  trust  that  Morocco 
was  also  spared  to  die  a  natural  death.  It 
s,  however,  incontestable  that  several  clever 
lorses  met  with  a  sad  end.  The  performing 
lorse  of  that  arch-impostor  Edward  Kelly, 
the  assistant  of  Dr.  Dee,  the  celebrated 
astrologer  of  Queen  Elizabeth's  time,  was 
solemnly  burnt  alive  at  Prague  by  order  of 
the  Emperor  Rudolph ;  and  as  late  as  1707 
an  English  horse,  whose  master  had  taught 
him  to  play  at  cards,  met  with  the  same  fate 
at  Lisbon.  Another  case,  even  later  in  the 
eighteenth  century,  is  quoted  by  James 
Granger,  who  says  in  his  'Biographical 
listory  of  England ' : — 

In  my  remembrance  a  horse  which  had  been 
aught  to  tell  the  spots  upon  cards,  the  hour  of  the 
[ay,  &c.,  by  significant  tokens,  was  together  with 
his  owner  put  into  the  Inquisition  as  if  they  had 
toth  dealt  with  the  devil,  but  the  supposed  human 
riminal  soon  convinced  the  Inquisition  that  he 
/as  an  honest  Juggler,  and  that  his  horse  was  as 
nnocent  as  any  beast  in  Spain." 

Perhaps  the  same  result  would  be  attained 
E  poor  dear  Hans  and  his  owner  were  sub- 
ected  to  an  Inquisition  ! 

CONSTANCE  RUSSELL. 

Swallowfield,  Reading. 


HIGH    PEAK    WORDS. 

(See  ante,  p.  201.) 

BEFORE  much  progress  can  be  made  in  the 
tudy  of  a  dialect  one  has  to  get  used  to  the 
•renunciation.  The  letter  I  is  omitted  finally,, 
nd  softened  mediately.  One  day  I  was 


io"  s.  ii.  OCT.  s,  1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


283 


much  puzzled  on  hearing  of  "  a  oatet  place," 
and  did  not  find  out  for  some  time  after- 
wards that  oatet  was  the  way  of  pronouncing 
altered.  Thus  smoulder  has  become  smother 
(with  long  o  as  in  so),  as  "  the  fire  smothers." 
Verbs  usually  keep  the  termination  in  -en,  as 
liven*  singen,  ivanten.  Maken,  with  short  a, 
is  softened  into  main,  as  when  it  is  said  of 
untidy  boys  that  "they  main  some  work 
an'  a'."  Archaic  forms  survive  in  many 
words,  as  feld,  field,  or  feldina,  lying  in  a 
field,  as  when  oats  have  had  "too  much 
folding."  Green  is  pronounced  grane,  wheel 
is  whale,  feed  is  fade,  and  so  on.  Ten  is 
pronounced  tane ;  a  road  is  a  rade,  as  to  "  go 
the  gain  rade."  Light,  not  heavy,  is  leyt. 
A  measure  is  a  mizzer ;  the  miners  had  a 
mizzering-day.  The  older  people  say  nawcht 
for  night,  coming  near  to  the  German  Nacht. 
In  most  words  the  guttural  sound  of  ch  is 
rare,  though  it  never  becomes  sh.  It  is 
sounded  like  the  ch  in  church.  I  have  a  book, 
printed  in  1726,  which  belonged  to  an 
ancestress  of  mine  who  was  born  and  lived 
in  the  Peak.  In  it  she  has  written  : — 

When  upon  a  thought  of  whether 
Or  not  your  burn'd, 
The  nicter  upon  the  point 
The  more  easealy  your  turn'd. 

She  was  sister  of  Dr.  Charles  Balguy,  who 
in  1741  translated  the  'Decameron,'  and  in 
1733  she  ran  away  to  be  married.  Now  if 
nigher  could  be  pronounced  nicter  at  this 
period,  one  may  judge  how  strong  the 
guttural  ch  must  have  been.  A  plant  is 
sometimes  spoken  of  as  feminine,  as  "  she  wa' 
a  little  bit  of  a  plant  last  year."  Rabbit  is 
pronounced  rappit ;  a  rappit-howt  is  a  rabbit's 
burrow. 

Having  now  been  able  to  consult  the  'New 
English  Dictionary '  and  the  '  English  Dialect 
Dictionary,'  I  am  not  so  likely  to  mention 
words  which  are  recorded  in  them,  though  I 
ought  to  say  that  two  sections  of  the  latter 
work  were  missing  from  the  library  in  which 
I  consulted  it.  To  turn  again  to  farming 
words,  the  first  furrow  made  in  ploughing  is 
called  the  neivun,  and  the  second  the  by.  Dr. 
Sweet  in  his  'A.-S.  Dictionary'  marks  niwung, 
a  rudiment,  as  a  word  "formed  in  slavish 
imitation  of  Latin."  It  may  be  a  good  Eng- 
lish word  for  all  that.  When  the  wheat 
crop  is  backward  in  spring,  and  turns  yellow 
from  want  of  moisture,  they  say  that  it  flecks. 
I  am  told  that  "  lay  ground  generally  flecks," 
and  that  '  *  the  crop  begins  a-fleckin'  when  it 
is  short  of  manure."  "16  never  flecks,"  they 
say,  "but  when  it  is  two  or  three  inches 
high."  The  time  when  the  crop  flecks  is  in 
May,  and  these  lines  are  said  :— 


He  that  looks  at  his  corn  in  May 
Goes  weeping  away  ; 
He  that  looks  again  in  June 
Goes  home  singing  a  merry  tune. 
The  word  seems  to  be  the  M.E.  flecchen,  from 
Lat.  flectere,  to  turn.  When  stalks  of  wheat 
have  been  blown  across  each  other  by  the 
wind,  so  that  it  is  not  easy  to  mow  them, 
they  are  said  to  be  crawdelt.  This  seems 
to  be  identical  with  the  dialectal  croodle,  to 
cower  down,  but  the  word  is  here  used  in 
another  and  perhaps  older  sense.  It  means 
entangled.  I  heard  two  men  bargaining 
about  the  cost  of  mowing  a  hayfielo,  when 
one  of  them  said  he  would  do  it,  including. 
th'  hackins,  for  five  shillings.  The  hacking- 
ground  is  the  ditch  or  steep  bank  at  the 
border  of  a  field,  which  cannot  be  mown  by 
the  machine  or  even  cut  by  the  scythe  in  the 
usual  way.  The  process  of  cutting  the  grass 
on  the  hacking-ground  is  called  dodging,  and 
the  man  who  does  the  work  is  said  not  to 
mow  it,  but  to  dodge  it.  This  may  be  the 
oldest  sense  of  that  obscure  word,  and  it  seems 
that  hacking  and  dodging  have  here  the  same 
meaning.  If  you  watch  a  man  as  he  is 
dodging  you  will  see  that  the  work  is  not 
easy  to  do,  for,  to  say  nothing  of  the  steep 
bank,  a  fallen  stone  here  or  a  bush  there 
impedes  the  scythe.  Animals  are  said  to 
trashel  or  trassel,  i.e.,  trample  on,  the  grass. 
To  fettle  often  means  to  fetch,  as  to  "  fettle 
oats  out  of  a  field."  In  the  'E.D.D.'  the  word 
is  derived  from  M.E.  fetlen,  to  make  ready. 
It  is  more  likely  to  be  the  frequentative  of 
the  M.E.  feten,  to  fetch.  When  they  fettle 
the  dirt  out  of  the  nooks  of  houses  before  the 
wakes  they  fetch  it  out.  Where  the  under- 
lying rocks  are  of  limestone  the  fields  are 
waterless,  so  that  the  cattle  have  to  drink 
from  artificial  dawms  or  domes.  These  are- 
shaped  like  a  basin  or  an  inverted  bell;  they 
are  perfectly  round,  and  are  from  ten  to 
twenty  feet  in  diameter.  They  are  lined 
with  stone  and  puddled  with  clay.  They  are 
also  called  meres.  Shullings  are  groats :  "  some 
calls  'em  oats,  an'  some  calls  'em  shullins." 
"  Groats,"  I  was  told,  "  are  shulled  oats."  To 
shull  is  to  shed:  "cows  shull  their  hair  about 
March."  Endaways  means  always,  as  "  fowls 
in  a  garden  are  tiresome  endaways."  The 
field  scabious  (Scabiosa  arvensis)  is  called  odod, 
the  first  o  being  sounded  as  in  so. 

When  the  moon  is  surrounded  by  a  halo  of 
mist  or  cloud  they  say  that  "the  moon  wades- 
in  weather,"  and  that  rain  is  coming.  This 
phrase  is  often  used,  and  it  never  varies  in 
form,  though  I  have  once  heard  it  applied  to 
the  sun,  as  "  the  sun  wades  in  weather."  A 
similar  expression  occurs  in  the  A.-S.  poem 
on  'The  right  at  Finnesburg':  "nuscyneS 


284 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  n.  OCT.  s, 


])es  mona  waftol  under  wolcnum,"  which 
mean  "  now  shines  the  moon,  wading  (wander 
ing)  amid  clouds."    Still  it  is  far  from  certai 
that  waftol  means  wandering.     But  one  thin^ 
is  clear,  which  is  that  iveather  is  here  equiva 
lent  in  meaning  to  wolcen.  cloud.  In  referrin 
to  the    passage    from    *  Finnesburg '    Jaco 
Grimm  says  in  his  'Deutsche   Mythologie 
that  wadel,  wedel,  means  that  which  wags  tc 
and  fro,  and  Mr.   Stallybrass,   his  English 
editor,  says,  "  The  English  waddle,  which  i 
the  same  word,  would  graphically  express  the 
oscillation  of  the  (visible)  moon  from  side  t( 
side  of  her  path."* 

I  thought  I  had  seen  the  word  flampy 
meaning  flaccid,  either  in  the  '  N.E.D.'  or  tir 
'E.D.D.,'  and  was  surprised  not  to  find  i 
there.  In  the  Peak  one  hears  of  bacon  being 
"  soft  and  flampy."  When  a  cow  is  not  wel 
fed,  and  her  flesh  is  not  firm  enough,  she  is 
said  to  be  flampy.  In  my  '  Sheffield  Glossary 
I  have  given  the  wordflem  as  applied  to  flaccid 
butter,  but  no  other  instance  is  yet  recorded 
In  March  or  April  when  a  cow  sheds  her 
hair  she  is  said  to  be  bloomy,  or  to  "  have  a 
good  bloom  on,"  but  as  winter  approaches 
and  the  hair  begins  to  stand  on  end,  she  ii 
penny.  Suspense  is  a  Latin  word  "  not  under- 
standed  of  the  people,"  and  instead  of  it  they 
say  hotty-motty.  Thus,  if  you  are  trying  to 
buy  a  field,  and  cannot  bring  the  man  to  a 
point,  you  "  should  keep  him  in  hotty-motty 
a  while."  One  day  as  a  man  was  cutting  a 
thick  piece  of  wood  with  an  adze  I  heard  his 
brother,  who  was  standing  by,  say  "  thou  'rt 
splittin'  it  a'  to  ribbins"  A  ribbin  is  here  a 
splinter,  and  I  have  heard  shavings  of  wood 
called  ribbins.  Does  this  illustrate  the  his- 
tory of  the  ribbon  which  adorns  a  woman's 
bonnet  1 

The  custom  of  heaving  or  lifting  women  at 
Easter  is  known  in  many  villages  of  the 
Peak  as  cucking,  and  Easter  Monday  is  some- 
times called  Cucking-day.  In  Castleton, 
Bradwell,  and  other  villages,  Easter  Monday 
is  also  known  as  Unlousing-day,  i.e.,  releasing- 
day,  probably  because  the  abstinence  of  Lent 
was  then  at  an  end.t  When  a  young  woman 
came  out  of  her  house  in  the  morning  of 
Easter  Monday  the  young  men  used  to  say 
"kiss  or  cuck."  If  she  refused  the  proffered 
kiss  the  young  men  came  in  the  evening  and 
cucked  her,  or  lifted  her  up.  At  Castleton 
the  women  cucked  the  men  on  Easter  Tuesday, 
and  a  story  is  told  about  a  man  who  was 
•cucked  so  often  that,  in  his  anguish,  he  fell 

*  English  translation,  p.  712. 
t  I  have  said  more  on  this  word  in  my  'House- 
hold Tales,'  &c.,  p.  115. 


on  his  knees,  and  implored  an  old  woman 
who  was  driving  a  cow  home  not  to  cuck 
him.  Cucking  was  a  very  rough  practice, 
and  at  Castleton  it  was  sometimes  done  by 
two  men  who  put  a  "  fork  stale"  (handle)  under 
the  girl's  legs  and  lifted  her  up  therewith. 
More  frequently  the  men  seized  her  by  the 
arms,  tossed  her  up,  and  caught  her  as  she 
fell.  The  custom  is  now  generally  abandoned, 
for  of  late  years  it  has  led  to  charges  of 
assault  being  made  before  the  magistrates. 
At  Bradwell,  however,  it  is  said  that  there 
were  more  girls  seen  walking  out  on  Un- 
lousing-day than  on  any  other  day.  From 
what  has  been  said  it  will  be  seen,  I  think, 
that  a  cucking-stool  is  a  lifting-stool. 

S.  O.  ADDY. 
(To  be  continued.) 


JANE  CLAIRMONT'S  GRAVE.— As  considerable 
obscurity  exists  about  the  latter,  as  about 
^he  earlier,  years  of  Jane  Clairmont— Shelley's 
'  Cons  tan  tia  "—it  may  not  be  unnecessary  to 
give  the  inscription  upon  her  tomb.  Mr. 
William  Graham  in  his  '  Chats  with  Jane 
31aremont '  (Nineteenth  Century,  1893-4)  stated 
;hat  she  was  buried  in  the  Municipal  Ceme- 
tery at  Trespiano ;  later  it  has  been  said  in 
print  that  the  place  of  her  sepulture  was  at 
ihe  Badia  a  Eipoli ;  but  neither  of  these 
statements  is  correct.  She  really  lies  in  the 
Jampo  Santo  della  Misericordia  di  Sta.  Maria 
d'Antella,  a  village  to  the  south-east  of 
Florence,  and  the  inscription  (below  a  cross) 
upon  her  tomb  reads  thus  : — 
In  Memory  of 

Clara  Mary  Constantia  Jane  Clairmont, 

born  April  27,  1798,  died  March  19,  1879. 

he  passed  her  life  in  sufferings,  expiating  not  only 

her  faults,  but  also  her  virtues. 

f  the  dates  upon  this  tombstone  are  correct, 

t  will  be  seen,  therefore,  that  she  was  eight 

months  younger  than  Shelley's  wife  Mary 

Godwin,  who  was  born  (vide  Mrs.  Marshall's 

Letters,'  vol.  i.  p.  4)  on  30  August,  1797. 

A.  FRANCIS  STEUART. 

PAINTING  ON  GLASS.— In  January  this  year 
here  was  held  in  London  an  interesting 
xhibition  of  glass  pictures,  and  as  such 
hings  have  recently  come  very  much  to  the 
ront,  perhaps  the  following  receipt  may  be 
vorth  placing  on  record.  It  is  one  of  a  large 
umber  of  receipts  (many  of  them  very  extra- 
rdinary)  contained  in  a  MS.  book  dated 
752.  1  give  the  original  spelling  :  — 
"  To  paint  upon  glass.— Take  a  Massatento  Print 
nd  soak  it  in  Water,  cold  water  over  night,  or  a 
ew  hours  before  you  use  it.  Then  take  it  put  it 
5tween  two  cloth  and  pat  it  to  take  the  water  out 
f  it.  Then  have  ready  a  peice  of  Glass  full  as  big 


ii.  OCT.  s,  low.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


285 


as  the  print :  brush  it  over  nicely  with  Canada 
Balsom  or  Venes  Turpintin,  put  the  print  side  o 
the  Print  to  the  Glass,  and  lay  it  smooth  and  close 
on  the  Glass  ;  then  let  it  lay  a  little  while  then  rou 
of  the  paper  gently  with  your  Finger  leaving  only 
the  scin  of  the  Massantento  print  on  the  Glass,  lei 
it  lay  till  next  day  then  paint  it  on  the  back,  put 
all  the  light  shades  on  first,  and  so  finish  paint 
ing  it." 

CHARLES  DRURY. 

12,  Ranmoor  Cliffe  Road,  Sheffield. 

HISTORIC  CUMBERLAND  OAK.— The  follow- 
ing cutting  may  be  worth  preservation  in 
*N.  &Q.':— 

"There  has  just  been  erected  at  Brampton,  near 
Carlisle,  a  memorial  stone  to  mark  the  site  of  an 
historic  oak,  known  as  the  Capon  Tree,  '  upon  whose 
branches,'  so  runs  the  inscription  on  the  stone, 
'were  executed,  21st  October,  1746,  for  adherence 
to  the  cause  of  the  Royal  line  of  Stuart,  Colonel 
James  Innes,  Captain  Patrick  Lindsay,  Ronald 
Macdonald,  Peter  Taylor,  Michael  Dellord,  and 
Thomas  Park.'  The  memorial  is  a  column  of  red 
sandstone,  standing  about  Hi  ft.  high,  and  designed 
by  Mr.  E.  Stevens,  a  Newcastle  artist.  The  stem 
of  the  cross  is  about  15  in.  wide,  and  rises  from  the 
base,  formed  of  two  Gin.  steps,  up  to  the  wheel 
head,  which  is  2  ft.  in  diameter.  In  the  centre  of 
the  head  is  a  worked  cross,  and  in  the  corners 
Celtic  knotwork  patterns,  the  whole  being  encircled 
with  a  simple  cable  design.  The  tree  used  also  to 
be  a  resting-place  for  the  Judges  of  Assizes  on  their 
way  from  Newcastle  to  Carlisle." 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 
Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

THOMAS  BEACH,  THE  PORTRAIT  PAINTER.— 
The  placing  of  a  mural  brass  in  All  Saints' 
Church,  Dorchester,  to  the  memory  of  this 
almost  forgotten  English  portrait  painter  is 
a  tardy  recognition  of  one  of  our  most  cele- 
brated portrait  painters  in  the  eighteenth 
century.  Beach  was  a  pupil  of  Reynolds, 
and  painted  the  portraits  of  many  famous 
con  temporaries,  some  of  which,  it  was  claimed, 
were  equal  to  those  of  his  great  master  him- 
self. He  was  born  at  Milton  Abbey,  Dorset, 
and  buried  in  All  Saints'  Churchyard, 
Dorchester.  No  other  memorial  than  this 
apparently  exists  to  his  memory. 

FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 

CALVIN'S  'INSTITUTES,'  1536.— M.  J.  Bonnet 
in  the  Bulletin  de  la  Soctitt  Historique  du 
Protestant  isme  Fran?ai$  for  November,  1867, 
pointed  out  a  significant  omission  in  later 
editions  of  Calvin's  famous  masterpiece.  In 
the  first  edition  we  read  : — 

"Les  excommunies,  ainsi  que  les  Turcs,  les  Sar- 
rasins  et  autres  ennemis  de  la  religion,  ne  devaient 
etre  ramenes  a  I'linke"  que  par  la  persuasion,  la 
clemence,  la  priere." 

From  later  editions  these  words  are  excluded. 
I  borrow  this  from  Albert  lleville,  '  Histoire 
du  Dogme  de  la  Divinite  de  Jesus  Christ,' 


third  edition  (Paris,  Felix  Alcan,  1904),  p.  130. 
The  great  Swiss  Reformer  followed  the 
example  of  Augustine,  whose  recantation  of 
the  principles  of  tolerance  long  served  to 
justify  all  the  cruelties  of  the  stake. 

JOHN  E.  B.  MAYOR. 
Cambridge. 

FITZGERALD'S  SONG  IN  TENNYSON'S  'ME- 
MOIR.'—At  pp.  220-21  of  the  second  volume 
of  this  *  Memoir '  there  is  a  letter  from  Fitz- 
Gerald  to  Tennyson,  dated  December,  1877, 
which  concludes  with  the  tag  of  an  old 
Suffolk  folk-song  :— 

O  but  then  my  Bil-ly  listed, 

Listed  and  cross'd  the  roaring  main  : 
For  King  George  he  fought  brave-ly 

In  Po'tig'l,  France,  and  Spain  : 
Don't  you  see  my  Billy  a-coming, 

Coming  in  yonder  cloud  : 
Gridiron  Angels  ho-vering  round  him, 

Don't  you  see  him  in  yonder  clouds  ? 

No  one,  I  fancy,  has  yet  traced  the  origin  of 
these  lines,  but  in  turning  over  some  letters 
addressed  to  me  by  the  late  Francis  Hindes 
Groome,  I  have  found  one  in  which  he  states 
that  they  were  contributed  to  Suffolk  Notes 
and  Queries,  of  which  Groome  was  the  editor, 
by  "  Paulinus,"  i.e.,  the  Rev.  11.  N.  Sanderson, 
a  master  in  Ipswich  School.  He  got  them 
from  a  parish  clerk  in  the  Waveney  Valley, 
and  FitzGerald,  who  was  a  contributor  to 
Suffolk  Notes  and  Queries,  must  have  bor- 
rowed them  from  that  periodical. 

W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

JUNIUS.— A  notice  of  Richard,  Earl  Temple, 
n  'D.N.B.'  throws  unmistakable  light  on 
Junius's  Letter  to  the  King,  and  points  as 
a  finger-post  to  the  author.  For  certain 
Lord  Nugent,  as  Crito,  would  have  been 
more  circumspect  if  not  assured  that  Junius 
would  be  unmasked  in  due  time.  Lady  Gren- 
ville's  instructions  alone  to  her  steward  infer 
breach  of  faith  somewhere  and  give  rise  to 
nquiry. 

Why  did  Lord  Grenville  "  closely  "  seal  hi* 
Junius  packet  if  any  necessity  remained  for 
lira  to  reopen  it  ? 

If  concealment  was  his  sole  object,  why 
did  ho  not  destroy  the  packet  himself  1  How 
could  Lady  Grenville  know  it  related  to- 
Junius  unless  he  told  her]  Why  did  she 
Dreserve  it  while  she  lived  unless  verbally 
nstructed  by  him  ? 

Did  a  breach  of  faith  lie  at  her  door,  or 
where1? 

In  answering  my  inquiry,  her  steward 
allowed  me  to  suppose  the  packet  was  opened 
when  the  family,  on  deliberation,  decided  to 
disclose  nothing.  Most  probably  he  knew 
x)th  the  fate  of  the  packet  and  (by  the 


286 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  n.  OCT.  s,  1904. 


strategic  entry  in  his  copy  of  Junius)  the 
secret  name.  Doubtless  the  Duke  of  Bucking- 
ham took  part  in  the  family  deliberation, 
and,  as  he  knew  the  secret  independently, 
the  packet  was  destroyed. 

The  Kev.  Mackenzie  Walcott's  statement 
that  a  portrait  of  Richard,  Earl  Temple,  was 
at  Boconnoc,  reminds  me  that  the  steward 
in  showing  me  the  family  portraits  in  early 
days  particularized  one  as  of  special  interest, 
he  knew  not  why. 

For  more  the  unfamiliar  reader  can  refer 
to  7th  and  8th  S.  In  my  opinion,  the  evidences 
already  adduced  are  conclusive  enough  to 
set  the  long-standing  question  at  rest. 

H.  H.  DRAKE. 

LINK  WITH  THE  PAST.— In  the  Manchester 
Guardian  of  16  September  is  a  note  in 
regard  to 

"the  anniversary  of  that  great  event  in  railway 
history  the  opening  of  the  Manchester  and  Liver- 
pool line  on  September  15,  1830,  which  began  in 
such  excitement  and  ended  in  such  gloom.  Mr. 
Huskisson,  M.P.  for  Liverpool,  who  rode  in  the 
festal  train  that  conveyed  the  Duke  of  Wellington, 
was  killed  by  another  train  while  speaking  to  the 
Duke.  There  is  an  old  lady  still  living  at  Harrow 
who  travelled  in  the  train  that  ran  over  Mr.  Hus- 
kisson. That  by  itself  is  astonishing  enough,  but 
one  can  make  it  sound  more  astonishing  by  enu- 
merating the  head  masters  of  Harrow  during  Mrs. 
Rotch's  residence  there.  They  are  — G.  Butler, 
Dean  of  Peterborough ;  G.  T.  Longley,  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury;  Christopher  Wordsworth,  Bishop 
of  Lincoln  ;  C.  J.  Vaughan,  Master  of  the  Temple : 
H.  M.  Butler,  Master  of  Trinity;  J.  E.  C.  Welldon, 
Bishop  of  Calcutta ;  and  the  present  Head  Master, 
Dr.  J.  Wood." 

A.  F.  R. 

SIR  EDWIN  ARNOLD.— The  following  cutting 
from  the  Standard  of  23  September  may  prove 
interesting  to  many  of  your  readers,  and  is 
a  record  of  a  custom  of  hoar  antiquity  now 
revived : — 

"  The  urn  containing  the  ashes  of  Sir  Edwin 
Arnold  was  yesterday  conveyed  to  Oxford  by  his 
eon,  and  placed  in  the  chapel  of  University  College. 
An  arched  niche  of  alabaster  had  been  prepared. in 
the  wall,  in  which  the  urn,  a  replica  of  an  Etruscan 
urn  now  in  the  British  Museum,  was  half  sunk. 
Beneath  it  is  a  tablet  of  black  marble,  edged  with 
alabaster,  upon  which  is  the  following  inscription  : 
'In  Memory  of  Sir  Edwin  Arnold,  M.A.,  K.C.I.E., 
C.b.l.,  some  time  member  of  this  College,  and 
Principal  of  the  Deccan  College,  Poonah.  Born, 
June  10,  1832 ;  died,  March  24,  1904 ;  whose  ashes 
are  here  deposited.  Newdigate  Prizeman  in  1853, 
he  found  in  his  sympathy  with  Eastern  religious 
thought  inspiration  for  his  great  poetical  gifts.'" 

There  is  a  slight  error  in  the  date  of  his 
.Newdigate—  'The  Feast  of  Belshazzar'  — 
which  I  heard  him  recite  in  the  Sheldonian 
Iheatre  in  1852,  and  not  in  1853.  In  the 
latter  year  he  recited  a  complimentary  copy 


of  English  verse  at  the  installation  of  the 
Earl  of  Derby  as  Chancellor. 

I  knew  him  very  well  at  that  time,  and 
remember  well  his  skill  as  a  raconteur.  The 
works  of  Edgar  Allan  Poe  were  at  that  time 
becoming  known  in  England,  and  he  used  to 
recite  to  us  such  stories  as  the  *  Murders  in 
the  Rue  Morgue,'  the  'Mystery  of  Marie 
Roget,'  and  the  '  Descent  into  the  Maelstrom.' 

Urns,  instead  of  being  ornamental  on 
monuments,  as  in  former  years,  are  now  made 
useful  as  cinerary.  Sir  Thomas  Browne  thus 
alludes  to  the  custom  in  his  fine  treatise  on 
1  Urn-Burial':— 

"To  be  knay'd  out  of  our  Graves,  to  have  our 
Sculls  made  drinking  Bowls,  and  our  Bones  turned 
into  Pipes  to  delight  and  sport  our  Enemies  are 
Tragical  abominations  escaped  in  burning  Burials." 
— Chap.  iii. 

And  now  the  skull  of  the  stately  writer  rests 
in  the  Norwich  Museum  in  a  casket  made  of 
crystal  glass  with  silver-gilt  mountings  (see 
9**  S.  ix.  85  for  a  description). 

The  following  beautiful  lines  from  Pro- 
pertius  may,  with  some  slight  alterations,  be 
applicable  : — 

Hie  carmen  media  dignum  me  scribe  columna, 
Sed  breve,  quod  currens  vector  ab  urbe  legat ; 

Hie  Tiburtina  jacet  aurea  Cynthia  terra. 
Accessit  ripse  laus,  Aniene,  tuse. — Lib.  v.  83. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 
Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

PREHISTORIC  CROCODILE.  —  The  Spalding 
Free  Press  for  25  August  contained  the  fol- 
lowing :— 

"Another  Find  at  Fletton. — Another  of  those 
remarkable  discoveries  which  have  rendered  the 
clay  fields  of  Greater  Peterborough  so  famous  in 
geological  circles  was  made  a  few  days  ago  in  the 
deep  Oxford  clay  at  Messrs.  Beeby's  brickyards  at 
Yaxley.  Some  twenty  feet  or  more  from  the  surface, 
men  came  across  the  huge  head  of  a  prehistoric 
monster  of  the  alligator  type.  The  jaws,  some  two 
feet  in  length,  were  broken  off  below  the  cavity  of 
the  eye,  and  were  firmly  welded  together  by  untold 
years  of  pressure.  It  appeared  that  the  remains 
were  those  of  an  enormous  specimen  of  crocodile 
of  the  Steneosaurus  family.  The  find  has  been 
taken  care  of  by  Lieut.  Beeby,  who  is  making  a 
study  of  fossilised  remains  found  in  the  clay  of 
Fletton  and  district." 

This  seems  to  be  a  similar  find  to  the  one  at 
Whitby  in  1758,  of  which  I  gave  an  account 
at  9th  S.  xii.  195. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 
Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

HAWKER  OF  MORWENSTOW. — All  admirers 
of  the  poetry  of  Robert  Stephen  Hawker,  the 
Cornish  poet,  will  be  glad  to  know  that  at 
length  a  worthy  memorial  has  been  erected 
to  him  in  the  ancient  church  of  Morwenstow, 
where  he  ministered  for  so  many  years.  The 


io»  s.  n.  OCT.  s,  1904.]          NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


287 


memorial  takes  the  form  of  a  very  beautiful 
window  embodying  all  the  local  scenes  and 
legends  commemorated  in  his  verse.  Ever 
since  his  death  in  1875  it  has  been  hoped 
that  the  venerable  church  so  closely  identified 
with  him  for  over  forty  years  would  one  day 
contain  a  monument  worthy  of  its  famous 
vicar,  and  it  is  chiefly  owing  to  Lord  Rosebery 
that  after  nearly  thirty  years  this  has  been 
done.  It  is  interesting  to  note  that  the 
window  was  unveiled  by  Hawker's  successor, 
the  Rev.  John  Tagert,  who  is  now  over  eighty 
years  of  age.  FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

O'NEILL  SEAL.— In  No.  48  of  the  Irish  Penny 
Journal  of  29  May,  1841,  there  is  an  article 
referring  to  a  seal  adorned  with  the  arms 
of  O'Neill,  found  in  the  vicinity  of  Maghera- 
felt,  in  the  county  of  Derry,  and  then  be- 
longing to  the  collection  of  the  Dean  of 
St.  Patrick.  Can  any  of  your  erudite  readers 
tell  me  where  this  collection  is  to  be  found, 
and  if  I  can  anywhere  find  traces  of  this 
family  seal  ? 

O'NEILL,  COMTE  DE  TYRONE. 

Lisbon. 

MORRIS  DANCERS'  PLANTATION.  —  There  is 
a  spot  marked  with  this  name  in  the  Ord- 
nance map  of  Nottinghamshire.  It  is  on  the 
edge  of  Sherwood  Forest,  about  a  mile  north 
of  Thoresby  Hall.  What  was  the  origin  of 
this  name  1  Can  there  have  been  a  glade  in 
the  wood  where  morris  dancers  were  allowed 
to  practise  their  sword  dancing  1  I  can 
recollect  that  more  than  forty  years  ago  a 
set  of  morris  dancers  used  to  come  in  the 
springtime  to  Ecclesfield  Vicarage,  near 
Sheffield,  and  perform  intricate  sword  dances 
on  the  lawn.  They  were  dressed  quite  dif- 
ferently from  the  morris  dancers  who  came 
at  Christmas.  They  wore  dark  green  suits, 
with  ribbons  of  the  same  colour  hanging  in 
short  streamers,  and  they  were  called  Sner- 
wood  Foresters.  I  believe  their  jackets  and 
short  trousers  were  made  of  velveteen  or 
corduroy.  They  sang  a  song  beginning  :— 

Bold  Robin  Hood 

Was  a  forester  good 

As  ever  drew  bow 

In  the  merry  green  wood. 

And  there  was  a  refrain  to  each  stanza  :— 
The  wild  deer  we  '11  follow. 


1  should  like  to  know  whether  any  one  else 
remembers  these  Sherwood  morris  dancers. 
Had  they  any  connexion  with  the  plantation 
at  Thoresby  1  HORATIA  K.  F.  EDEN. 

Rugby. 

NELSON  ANTHOLOGY. — I  am  compiling  an 
anthology  in  praise  of  Nelson,  and  shall  be 
glad  to  receive  information  as  to  where  such 
poems  may  be  found.  The  present  Earl 
Nelson  informs  me  that  a  volume  of  poems 
on  the  great  admiral  was  produced  many 
years  ago.  Can  any  one  give  me  its  title 
and  the  name  of  the  publisher?  Original 
poems  will  be  welcomed. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

SIR  WALTER  L'ESPEC.— How  was  Richard 
Speke,  of  Whitelackington  (under  age  in  30 
Henry  II.),  related  to  Sir  Walter  1'Espec,  of 
Rievaulx  and  Kirkham  1 

CONSTANCE  RUSSELL. 

Swallowfield,  Reading. 

WIFE  DAY  :  WIFE  TEA.— I  desire  informa- 
tion on  this  old  Cumberland  custom  for  in- 
sertion in  a  supplement  I  am  preparing  to 
my  '  Glossary  of  Dialect  of  Cumberland.'  I 
am  told  that  the  following  appeared  in 
'N.  &  Q.'  before  August,  1876:  "A  friend 
from  the  North  sends  me  some  notes  on  an 
old  custom  practised  in  Cumberland.  The 
day  after  the  christening,"  &c.  Can  any  one 
supply  the  reference?  E.  W.  PREVOST. 

Ross,  Hertford. 

"CHRISTIANA  AD  LEONES." -- I  recently 
visited  the  Art  Gallery  at  Bath,  and  there 
saw  a  picture  which  in  the  catalogue  was 
designated  "  Christianse  ad  leones."  May  I 
ask  whether  this  use  of  the  feminine  form 
of  Christianus  can  be  justified  ;  and,  if  so, 
whether  the  title  ought  not  more  properly 
to  run  "  Christianas  ad  leones  "  ? 

V.  O.  B. 
[Christianas  is  better.] 

FOREIGN  BOOK-PLATES.— Can  any  of  your 
correspondents  oblige  me  with  information 
concerning  the  owners  of  the  following 
armorial  book-plates  ? 

1.  Quarterly,  1  and  4,  Or,  three  martlets 
sa.,  a  chief  of  the  last ;  2  and  3,  Az.,  a  Pegasus 
or.     In  pretence,  Paly  of  six  or  and  az.,  on  a 
chief  gu.  a  lion  pass,  guard,  or.    The  shield 
is  ensigned  with  a  mitre  and  pastoral  staff, 
and  below  is  inscribed  "  E  Bibliotheca  Dab- 
batis  Fauvel." 

2.  Quarterly,  1   and  4,  Az.,  an  eagle  dis- 
played arg.,  on  a  chief  or  three  roundels  gu.  ; 

2  and  3,  Az.,  a  crowing  cock  arg.    Supporters, 
two  greyhounds  collared.    Ensigned  with  a 


288 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


*  s.  n.  OCT.  s,  im. 


coronet  of  nine  balls,  a  mitre  and  pastoral 
staff;  on  a  ribbon  below  "B.  H.  de  Fourey." 

3.  Quarterly,  1  and  4,   Gu.,   a  dimidiated 
eagle  displayed  or  ;    2  and   3,   Az.,   an  arm 
extended  from    the  dexter  side,  grasping  a 
scimitar  upright.     In  pretence,  Az.,  a  lion 
ramp,  arg.,  facing   the  sinister,   grasping  a 
sword  upright.    Supporters,  two  lions.  Crest, 
three  ostrich  feathers  issuing  from  a  coronet 
of  nine  balls,  with   the  motto,  on  a  ribbon 
round  the  feathers,   "  Prudentia."    Ensigned 
by  two  lances,  each  with  a  square  flag,  Az.,  a 
bend  arg.      Motto  below  the  shield,    "Un 
dieu,  un  roi,  un  amour." 

4.  On  the  shield  a  ducal  coronet,  issuant 
therefrom  two  palm   branches,  in  base  two 
swords  in  saltire.    The  shield  ensigned  with 
a  bishop's  hat. 

5.  Quarterly,  1,  Gu.,   two    dragons   ramp, 
supporting  in  their  paws  a  coronet ;  2,  Az., 
an  eagle  displayed  sa. ;  3,  Or,  a  man  on  horse- 
back gu.,  in  his  right  hand  a  sword  ;  4,  Arg., 
man's    face    with    moustaches    and    wings. 
Supporters,   two  eagles.     Ensigned   with  a 
crown  having  eighteen  pearls  on  the  bridge 
and  an  orb  surmounted  by  a  cross.      Initials 
below ^ the  whole  "P.  P.  t."     Pendant  from 
the  shield  a  Maltese  cross,  with  an  eagle  dis- 
played thereon.    Mottoes,  "  Nee  temere  nee 
timide"  and  "  Pro  fide,  rege  et  lege." 

F.  SYDNEY  WADDINGTON. 
243,  Queen's  Road,  Dalston,  N.E. 

SCHOOL  COMPANY.— Where  can  I  find  an 
extended  account  of  a  school  company  which 
maintains  some  sixty  proprietary  schools  in 
England  ?  D.  M. 

Philadelphia. 

I  MAJUSCULE. — Can  any  of  your  readers 
inform  me  why  the  pronoun  I  is  written 
with  a  capital  letter  1 

Queries  inserted  in  other  periodicals  have 
failed  to  elicit  a  satisfactory  explanation. 

Louis  C.  HURT. 

"  JESSO." — I  have  an  earthenware  bedroom 
set  with  the  word  "Jesso"  written  on  it. 
The  makers  are  Morgan,  Wood  &  Co.  I  shall 
be  much  obliged  if  any  one  can  tell  me  the 
meaning  of  the  word  and  the  date  of  the  set. 

M.A.OxoN. 

[Is  the  word  a  variant  of  gesso  ?  See  the  '  N.E.D.  ' 
s.v.] 

DENNY  FAMILY.— I  should  be  glad  of  any 
information  regarding  MSS.,  &c.,  relating  to 
the  above  family,  or  the  whereabouts  of 
portraits,  &c.  I  am  engaged  in  making  col- 
lections with  a  view  to  producing  an  exten- 
sive history  of  the  Denny  family— their 
ancestors  and  descendants,  which  would  in- 


clude, amongst  others,  the  following  families  : 
Troutbeck  (ante  1550) ;  Champernowne  (ante 
1600) ;  Edgcumbe(twtel620);  Koper, Viscounts 
Baltinglass;  Maynard,  of  London,  and  Curry- 
glass,  co.  Cork  ;  Coningsby,Earl  of  Coningsby; 
Day,  of  Kerry ;  Lyster,  of  co.  Roscommon. 

I  am  particularly  desirous  of  information 
on  the  following  points  : — 

1.  Does  any  description  exist  of  the  monu- 
ment erected  in  St.  Benet's,  Paul's  Wharf* 
London,    to    the    memory    of   Sir    Edmond 
Denny,  Baron  of  the  Exchequer  in  1520 1 

2.  Whose  are  the  following  arms  quartered 
by    Denny  (before  Troutbeck,    brought    in 
temp.  Hen.  VII.) : — Or,  a  fesse  dancet.  gu., 
and  in  chief  three  martlets  sable  1 

3.  Whom    did    the    Kev.    Hill  Denny,   of 
Herts,  marry?  and  what  became  of  his  son 
William,  B.A.Oxon.  1729-30,  cet.  twenty,  and, 
circa  1743,  of  Cheshunt,  Herts,  and  a  cornet 
in    the  Duke  of    Montague's   Kegiment    of 
Horse?  (Rev.)  H.  L.  L.  DENNY. 

Londonderry. 

LUDOVICO.— I  have  a  painting  of  '  Cupids 
with  Garlands,5  exhibited  many  years  aga 
under  the  name  of  Ludovico.  I  cannot  find 
this  name  in  either  Bryan  or  Pilkington. 
Will  some  one  kindly  tell  me  the  real  name 
of  the  artist?  The  picture  is  very  old,  and 
certainly  of  the  Italian  School. 

C.  P.  TABOR. 

JACOBITE  VERSES. — Upwards  of  ten  years- 
ago  I  quoted  from  J.  R.  Best's  'Four 
Years  in  France'  (see  8th  S.  iv.  466)  a  jingle 
which  connects  George  I.  with  turnips,  point- 
ing out  that  at  Norwich  Assizes,  2  August, 
1716,  a  certain  Mr.  Matthew  Fern,  who  had 
drunk  the  exiled  monarch's  health,  and  called 
George  a  "  turnip-hougher,"  had  been  con- 
demned to  a  year's  imprisonment  and  a  heavy 
fine  (Salmon,  *  Chronological  Historian/ 
p.  364).  At  the  time  of  writing  I  did  not 
understand  why  turnips,  in  the  mind  of  the 
Jacobite  verse -writer  and  Mr.  Fern,  had 
become  connected  with  George  I.  In  reading 
Thomas  Hearne's  '  Remarks  and  Collections/ 
I  have  found  the  reason.  I  transcribe  the 
passage,  which  some  of  your  readers  may  like 
to  see  : — 

"  Jan.  31  [1718].  There  is  a  Ballad  handed  about 
both  in  MS.  &  print,  called  'The  Turnip  Hoer.' 
The  Author  is  said  to  be  one  Mr.  Wharton,  a  young 
Master  of  Arts  of  Magd.  Coll.  It  is  a  Satyr  upon 
K.  George,  who  when  he  first  came  to  England, 
talk'd  of  turning  St.  James'  Park  into  Turnip 
Ground,  &  to  imploy  Turnip  Hoers."  — Vol.  vi. 
p.  134  (Oxford  Historical  Society). 

If  the  ballad  be  yet  in  existence  it  would 
be  well  if  it  were  printed  in  'N.  &  Q.'  As 
to  Mr.  Fern,  who  got  into  such  serious  trouble 


io*8.ii.ocT.8,i904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


289 


for  a  very  slight  offence,  it  would  be  of  interes 
to  have  some  account  of  him.  ASTARTE. 

JACOB  COLE.— Upon  p.  485  of  "St.  John 
the    Evangelist,     Westminster  :      Parochia 
Memorials.    By  J.  E.  Smith,  Vestry  Clerk  o 
St.  Margaret  and  St.  John  the  Evangelist, 
issued  in  1892,  occurs  the  following  addition 
to  the  account  of  a  vestry  meeting  held  on 
6  April,  1848:— 

"  After  the  excitement  had  subsided  Mr.  Jacol 
Cole,  an  active  member  of  the  parochial  boards 
whose  harmonious  efforts  never  failed  to  add  to  the 
enjoyment  of  the  convivial  gatherings,  introducec 
a  sketch  of  the  proceedings  in  the  form  of  a  song 
As  some  of  the  seniors  in  the  parochial  circle  may 
welcome  so  pleasant  a  reminder  of  bygone  times 
and  as  some  of  the  juniors  may  allow  that  the 
face  ties  of  their  predecessors  were  not  entirely  devoic 
of  merit,  the  composition  is,  by  the  courtesy  of  Mr 
Warrington  Rogers,  here  reprinted." 

Can  any  reader  kindly  direct  me  to  printec 
copies  of  Jacob  Cole's  compositions  other 
than  the  one  above  noted  and  those  under- 
mentioned 1  All  in  the  latter  category  are 
in  my  copies  accompanied  by  music  : — 

The  Royal  Rooks. 

The  Chapter  of  Misses. 

The  Cold  Reception. 

Fire  and  Water. 

The  Queen's  Coronation. 

The  Weather. 

The  Overseer.    [See  8th  S.  ii.  116.] 

Dear  Kate,  thy  charms  were  like  the  rose. 

I  thought  my  joys  of  life  complete. 

Take  him  and  try. 

The  Miseries  of  a  Lord  Mayor.  [Also  a  "New 
Edition  "  of  the  same.] 

CHARLES  HICHAM. 

169,  Grove  Lane,  Camberwell,S.E. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED.— 

1.  Two  constant  lovers  joined  in  one 
Yield  to  each  other— yield  to  none. 

2.  In  all  she  did 
Some  figure  of  the  Golden  Time  was  hid. 

(?Dr.  Donne.) 

MEDICULUS. 

DALE  FAMILY.— I  shall  be  grateful  to  any 
one  who  will  put  me  into  communication 
with  the  representatives  of  any  male  branch 
who  claim  descent  from  Edward  Dale,  of 
Tunstall,  co.  Durham,  fl.  1670.  See  pedigree 
in  Surtees's  'History  of  Durham,'  vol.  ii. 
p.  251.  (Rev.)  T.  C.  DALE. 

llo,  London  Road,  Croydon. 

ARDAGH.— Can  any  reader  of  *  N.  &  O.'  tell 
me  if  a  person  of  this  name  was  a  member  of 
the  Irish  House  of  Commons  for  King's 
County,  and  afterwards  became  Speaker? 
His  great-grandson  (b.  1751)  states  this  in  a 
letter.  This  family  originated  in  co.  Louth, 


and  had  property  there  and  in  Drogheda. 
Members  of  the  family  were  living  in  the 
city  of  Dublin  in  the  fourteenth,  fifteenth, 
and  sixteenth  centuries.  In  1640  their 
descendants  removed  to  King's  County.  Any 
information  regarding  this  family  previous 
to  1640  will  be  very  gratefully  received,  or 
confirmation  or  rejection  of  the  Speakership 
tradition.  FRANCESCA. 

TICKENCOTE  CHURCH.— I  should  be  glad  to* 
be  confirmed  in  my  opinion  that  this -church 
has  the  largest  Norman  arch  of  any  church 
in  England.  JAS.  CURTIS,  F.S.A. 

JOHN  TREGORTHA,  OF  BURSLEM.  —  John 
Tregortha,  of  Burslem,  was  a  printer  who 
printed  and  published  several  works  in  that 
town  in  the  early  years  of  the  nineteenth 
century.  I  should  be  glad  to  know  some- 
thing of  his  parentage,  parish  of  origin,  and 
descendants.  GREGORY  GRUSELIER. 

EXCAVATIONS  AT  RICHBOROUGH.  —  On 
23  February,  1870,  the  late  Mr.  J.  W. 
Grover  described  to  the  British  Archaeo- 
logical Association  some  excavations  at  the 
Roman  station  at  Rich  borough.  What  are 
the  details  of  these  excavations  ?  They  are 
not  set  out  in  the  Journal. 

T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 
Lancaster. 

WITHAM.— What  is  the  origin  of  the  place- 
name  Witham  J  In  an  Essex  guide-book  the 
name,  which  is  in  that  county  given  to  a 
stream,  is  said  to  be  derived  from  with  or 
guith,  signifying  "  separating,"  and  avon, 
corrupted  into  -ara=a  river  ;  out  further  up 
the  same  stream,  upon  which  is  the  town  of 
Brain  tree,  is  called  the  Brain,  and  higher  up 
still  Podsbrook.  The  name  Witham  also 
occurs  as  the  name  of  a  river  in  Lincolnshire. 
Does  it  there  divide  two  parishes,  as  the 
stream  upon  which  the  village  of  Witham 
in  Essex  stands  is  said  to  do  ?  Can  the  same 
derivation  be  advanced  of  Witham  in  Somer- 
setshire ?  It  would  not  appear  to  be  so,  as 
ihe  name  there  is  applied  not  to  the  stream, 
but  to  the  parish.  Does  it  signify  that  this 
parish  separates  the  King's  Forest  of  Selwood 
Torn  some  one  else's  land  ?  or  may  the  deriva- 
tion be  from  wite=&  fine,  and  Witham  be  an 
estate  forfeited  to  the  king  ? 

It  was  suggested  by  a  thirteenth-century 
:hronicler  that  the  name  had  been  given  to 
he  Somersetshire  place  by  a  species  of  pro- 
)hetic  instinct,  and  that  it  is  really  Wit-ham= 
a  home  of  wisdom,  because  of  the  presence 
here,  as  prior  of  the  Carthusian  monastery, 
f  St.  Hugh  of  Lincoln.  See  Somerset.  Arch. 


290 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  n.  OCT.  s,  im. 


Soc.  Proc.,  vol.  xxxix.  (N.S.  xix.),  pt.  ii.  p.  11, 
n.  24,  and  'Magna  Vita  S.  Hugonis,'  Rolls 
Series,  p.  67.  But  this  can  scarcely  be 
accepted  at  the  present  time  as  a  satisfactory 
explanation  of  the  origin  of  the  word. 

H.  W.  UNDERDOWN. 


THE   TRICOLOUR. 

(10th  S.  ii.  247.) 

EVERY  one  at  all  conversant  with  the 
history  of  flags  knows  that  the  adoption  of 
red,  white,  and  blue  at  the  French  Revolution 
was  no  new  thing.  The  colours  pervade 
the  whole  French  naval  history,  certainly 
from  1545,  when  they  must  have  been  worn 
by  the  French  ships  under  Annebaut,  whose 
arms  were  Gules,  a  cross  vair ;  for  by  the 
"  ordonnance "  in  force  the  ships  wore  the 
colours  of  the  admiral's  arms.  The  order  of 
colours  was,  at  that  date,  probably  a  matter 
of  taste  ;  and  so  it  continued.  Bouille  ('Les 
Drapeaux  Frangais ')  gives  numerous  illustra- 
tions of  flags  of  land  and  sea  use,  in  which  it 
can  easily  be  seen  the  red,  white,  and  blue 
predominate.  Thus,  p.  232,  Flarnrne  des 
Galeres,  longitudinal  stripes,  blue,  white,  red, 
-charged  with  yellow fleurs  de  lis,  "sous  Louis 
XIV.";  and  "Etendart  des  Galeres,"  also 
"sous  Louis  XIV.,"  longitudinal,  red,  white, 
red,  charged  with  the  royal  arms,  azure,  three 
fleurs  de  lis  or,  surmounted  by  royal  crown  or 
Earlier  still,  we  have,  p.  223,  "pavilion 
±  rangais,  1462,"  blue  hoist,  charged  with  three 
fleurs  de  lis;  white  fly,  charged  with  one  large 
red  ball.  1583,  a  white  cross ;  the  quarters, 
1  and  4  red,  2  and  3  blue.  And  "flarnme, 
1583,  blue,  white,  red,  horizontal.  These 
instances  are  sufficient  to  show  that  there 
would  be  nothing  very  extraordinary  in  the 
.trench  ships  in  the  picture  referred  to 
wearing  a  flag  similar  to  the  modern  tricolour. 
But  in  point  of  fact  they  do  not.  I  know  the 
picture— we  had  it  at  the  Naval  Exhibition 
at  Chelsea  in  1891,  and  it  is  reproduced 
in  Colomb's  'Naval  Warfare,'  p.  128  — and 
may  say  there  is  nothing  at  the  mastheads 
that  can  properly  be  called  a  flag.  Vanes 
there  are,  but  these  are  indistinct,  and  may, 
or  may  not,  be  blue,  white,  red,  as  in 
the  modern  French  ensign.  I  refreshed 
my  memory  by  writing  to  Admiral 
Henderson,  the  present  Admiral  Super- 
intendent, who  answers  that  the  colours 
are  indistinct,  but  "  in  one  the  inner 
part  (sc.  the  hoist)  looks  as  if  it  might 
nave  been  red.  I  don't  think  it  could  be 
sworn  to."  But  if  red,  then  not  the  modern 


tricolour.  That  with  the  three  colours,  if 
in  stripes,  white  should  come  in  the  middle 
was,  irrespective  of  the  heraldic  law,  almost 
a  necessity ;  blue  and  red  in  juxtaposition 
set  the  teeth  on  edge.  In  the  Dutch  flag 
the  "Oranje  boven"  fixed  the  position  of 
the  red,  when  in  stripes ;  in  the  French  the 
arrangement  was  doubtful,  and  in  the  first 
revolutionary  flag  it  was  red,  white,  blue, 
counting  from  the  hoist.  In  1794  it  was 
changed  to  blue,  white,  red,  and  so  it  con- 
tinued at  sea ;  but  in  1848  it  was  changed — 
on  the  principle,  dear  to  all  radicals,  that 
whatever  is,  is  wrong — to  red,  white,  blue  ;  to 
be  rechanged,  after  a  few  weeks  of  loudly 
expressed  discontent,  to  the  blue,  white,  red. 
I  remember  the  late  Sir  Cooper  Key  telling 
me  that  he  was  at  Palermo  at  the  time,  when 
one  mail  brought  the  French  ships  there  the 
order  to  make  the  change,  and  the  next,  an 
order  to  change  back  again — "  as  you  were." 

But  all  this  is,  or  ought  to  be,  familiar  to 
every  one  who  has,  even  cursorily,  looked  into 
the  history  of  the  flag.  The  antiquity  of  the 
tricolour  in  our  own  country  is  perhaps  not 
so  familiar.  Some  five-and-twenty  or  thirty 
years  ago,  I  went  to  Aberdeen  by  steamer, 
and  going  down  the  river  took  an  opportunity 
to  question  the  captain  about  the  flag  which 
I  had  seen  flying  over  the  company's  office  at 
the  wharf,  and  which  was  then  flying  at  our 
foremast  head.  "Captain,"  I  said,  " do  you 
mind  telling  me  why,  at  your  wharf  and 
here,  at  the  fore,  you  are  flying  the  French 
ensign?"  "No,  sir,"  said  he  with  decision. 
"  No  ? "  echoed  I.  "  But,  look,  you  don't  mean 
to  say  that  isn't  the  French  flag  ?  "  «  Well, 
sir,"  he  answered,  "  the  French  fly  it,  but  it 's 
ours  ;  it 's  the  flag  of  the  company,  and  dates 
back  to  the  time  of  the  Union.  All  through 
the  eighteenth  century  it  was  worn  by  the  old 
Aberdeen  smacks."  "  That  may  be,"  I  said  ; 
"  but  I  fancy  you  might  have  trouble  if  you 
met  a  French  man-of-war."  "I  don't  know 
about  that,"  he  replied  ;  "  but  it 's  quite 
certain  that  it  was  our  flag  before  it  was 
theirs." 

I  think  we  may  say  it  is  the  Scots  blue,  the 
English  white  and  red.  I  am  sorry  to  say  that 
I  have  not  seen  an  Aberdeen  steamer  since  ; 
but  I  do  not  suppose  the  company  have  felt 
it  necessary  to  change  their  old  flag.  I  am  sure 
I  do  not  see  why  they  should,  though  the 
captain  of  a  French  man-of-war  might  think 
differently. 

But  to  return  to  the  Devonport  picture.  It 
does  not  seem  to  represent  any  reality.  The 
fight  is  altogether  imaginary— as  imaginary 
as  the  naval  action  described  in  wondrous 
detail  in  Fenimore  Cooper's  *  Two  Admirals.' 


.  it.  OCT.  s,  1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


291 


The  ensign  attributed  to  the  English  ships 
has  never  been  worn  since  the  early  days  of 
James  I.,  and  the  "  Virgin  and  Child  "  on  the 
sterns  is  quite  impossible.  Admiral  Henderson 
tells  me  that  on  one  of  the  sterns,  the  left- 
hand  one,  it  is  quite  plain,  "there  is  no  doubt 
whatever"  about  it;  the  other  is  not  quite 
so  clear,  and  he  thinks  the  female  figure  is 
wearing  a  crown.  Whatever  it  is,  it  is 
entirely  the  imagination  of  a  man  who  was, 
I  understand,  a  good  painter,  but  who— as 
indeed  Vanderbilt  and  Cornelis  Vroom  before 
him— knew  little  and  cared  less  of  the  niceties 
of  flags  or  the  carvings  on  ships'  sterns. 

J.  K.  LAUGHTON. 


WILTSHIRE  NATURALIST,  c.  1780  (10th  S.  ii. 
248). — Allow  me  to  quote  the  following  foot- 
note from  'A  Dictionary  of  Birds,'  part  ii. 
p.  551  (London,  1893)  :— 

"  One  of  the  first,  at  least  in  this  country,  to  set 
forth  the  unity  of  the  migratory  movement  seems 
to  have  been  the  author  of  a  'Discourse  on  the 
Emigration  of  British  Birds,'  published  anony- 
mously at  Salisbury  in  1780,  and  generally  attri- 
buted to  *  George  Edwards,'  though  certainly  not 
written  by  the  celebrated  ornithologist  of  that 
name.  Mr.  A.  C.  Smith  has  discovered  that  the 
author— a  man  in  many  respects  before  his  time — 
was  John  Legg,  hitherto  unknown  as  a  naturalist. 
But  the  real  George  Edwards  also  held  opinions 
on  the  subject  that  are  mostly  sound,  and  his 
remarks,  gathered  from  various  parts  of  his  greater 
works,  where  they  appeared  'in  a  detached  and 
unconnected  form,'  were  republished,  with  a  few 
modifications,  in  the  third  of  his  'Essays  upon 
Natural  History  '  (London,  1770),  and  may  yet  be 
read  to  advantage." 

I  may  add  that  my  late  good  friend,  Mr. 
Alfred  Charles  Smith,  sometime  rector  of 
Yatesbury,  and  the  well-known  Wiltshire  orni- 
thologist and  antiquary,  whose  attention  I 
called  to  the  subject,  took  some  pains  to  make 
out  all  that  he  could  about  Joiin  Legg,  but 
with  little  result.  Legg  seems  to  have  led  a 
secluded  life  and  died  young.  His  '  History 
of  British  Birds'  was  never  published,  nor 
could  the  manuscript  be  traced.  Any  further 
particulars  relating  to  a  man  of  so  much 
promise  as  he  certainly  was  could  not  fail  to 
be  interesting.  ALFRED  NEWTON. 

Cambridge. 

In  the  edition  of  4A  Discourse  on  the 
Emigration  of  British  Birds '  which  appeared 
as  an  appendix  to  'A  Thousand  Notable 
Things'  (Manchester,  J.  Gleave,  1822,  8vo) 
the  writer  therein  twice  refers  to  his  '  New 
and  Complete  History  of  British  Birds '  in 
such  a  way  as  to  leave  no  doubt  the  work 
had  already  seen  light.  The  author  seems  to 
have  been  well  read,  and  acquainted  with 
Gilbert  White,  Pennant,  and  the  leading 


naturalists  of  his  time.  The  Barnstaple 
Athenaeum  possesses  a  fine  ornithological 
library,  and  perhaps  the  courteous  librarian 
there  (Mr.  Wainwright)  may  be  able  to  help. 

WM.  JAGGARD. 

139,  Canning  Street,  Liverpool. 

PRESCRIPTIONS  (10th  S.  i.  409,  453  ;  ii.  56).— 
On  submitting  the  questions  regarding  the 
signs  used  in  prescriptions  to  my  friend  Dr. 
A.  C.  F.  Rabagliati,  of  this  city,  I  received  the 
following  reply,  which  fully  answers  MR. 
INGLEBY'S  question.  Dr.  Rabagliati  says  that 
the  meaning  of  the  various  characters  used 
for  denoting  medical  measures  of  weight  and 
capacity,  dry  and  fluid,  is  in  some  confusion, 
because  different  measures  and  different 
divisions  of  these  measures  were  used  in 
different  places  by  different  nations  (chiefly 
Greeks,  Latins,  and  Arabians)  and  at  different 
times. 

So  far,  however,  as  can  be  made  out,  the 
sign  for  drachm  is  the  sixth  letter  of  the 
Greek  alphabet,  &  and,  as  is  well  known, 
was  constantly  used  to  express  the  numeral 
six.  This  it  did  because  the  drachm  con- 
sisted of  six  sextan tes  or  oboli— of  which  term 
more  immediately. 

The  term  drachm  is  connected  with  Spd<r- 

/ACU,  to  do,  and  meant  as  much  as  can  be 
easily  carried  in  the  hand,  the  organ  with 
which  we  act  or  do.  The  sextans  or  obolus 
was  written  O,  and  as  a  scrupulus  or  scru- 
pulum  (or  scriptolus  or  scriptolum)  was  half 
an  obolus,  its  mark  was  half  O,  and  as  the 
right-hand  half  was  generally  used,  the  sign 
stood  thus, ),  hence  the  present  symbol. 

As  to  the  ounce,  Dr.  Rabagliati  is  not  quite 
sure.  He  thinks  the  symbol  is  the  first  letter 
of  {ta-njs,  a  measure  of  about  a  pint  English, 
but  which  may  possibly  have  meant  ounce, 
on  account  of  the  wide  variety  of  measure- 
ments used,  as  above  stated. 

As  secretary  to  the  Association  of  Assistant 
Licentiates  of  the  Apothecaries'  Halls  (Lon- 
don and  Dublin),  I  may  say  that  I  intend 
shortly  calling  a  meeting  on  this  very  topic. 
Hitherto  I  have  come  across  no  one  who 
bas  been  able  to  give  a  correct  and  efficient 
description  of  the  signs  in  question,  and 
cordial  thanks  are  due  to  dear  old  4N.  &  Q.' 
For  once  again  being  the  organ  to  unveil  a 
mystery.  CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

DESCENDANTS  OFWALDEF  OF  CUMBERLAND 
[10th  S.  ii.  241).— If  MR.  D.  MURRAY  ROSE 
will  kindly  turn  to  the  seventh  volume  of  the 
new  'County  History  of  Northumberland,' 
ap.  14  to  106,  he  will  find  a  very  elaborate 
ustory  of  the  house  of  Gospatric  (from  the 


292 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


.  n.  OCT.  s, 


pen  of  Canon  Greenwell,  of  Durham),  ending 
with  a  pedigree.    There  may  be  a  good  dea 
of  confusion  in  other  accounts  of  the  descen 
dants  of  Waldef,  but  none  is   traceable  in 
Dr.  Green  well's  narrative.    What  MR.  ROSE 
really  wants  is  the  descent  of  the  Lascelles 
family  from  Duncan,  who  married  Christiana, 
daughter  of    Waldeve,    who  was  a  son    oi 
Gospatric  of  Bolton,  the  bastard.    This  infor- 
mation the  Gospatric  records  do  not  afford. 
RICHARD  WELFORD. 
JSTewcastle-upon-Tyne. 

SHAKESPEARE'S  GRAVE  (10th  S.  i.  288,  331, 
352,  416,  478  ;  ii.  195).— Conceding  all  that  is 
claimed  for  the  authenticity  of  the  mural 
monument,  may  I  make  an  attempt  to  recall 
the  discussion  to  the  original  question? 
What  is  the  evidence  that  the  slab  bearing 
the  lines  "Good  friend,"  &c.,  covers  the 
grave  of  Shakspere  1 

ISAAC  HULL  PLATT. 

The  Players,  New  York. 

REGIMENTS  ENGAGED  AT  BOOMPLATZ  (10th  S. 
ii.  148,  251).  — MAJOR  MITCHELL  will  find 
information  also  in  Theal's  'History  of  South 
Africa,'  vol.  iv.  (1834-54),  in  Cope's  '  History 
of  the  Rifle  Brigade,'  and  in  the  Blue-book 
'  Natal/  3  May,  1849. 

G.  C.  MOORE  SMITH. 

University  College,  Sheffield. 

SWIFT'S  GOLD  SNUFF-BOX  (10th  S.  ii.  249).— 
I  should  recommend  your  subscriber  to  try 
the  Irish  Union  Magazine  for  April,  1845, 
also  Wild's  *  Closing  Scenes  of  Dean  Swift's 
Life,'  where  he  will  find  several  particulars  of 
the  snuff-box  in  question.  See  also  1st  S.  v. 
275,  330.  EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

^DESECRATED  FONTS  (10th  S.  i.  488 ;  ii.  112, 
170,  253). — There  is  a  misprint  in  my  reply 
on  p.  254.  Great  Stainton  should  be  Great 
Staughton.  As  the  former  place  is  referred 
to  in  another  reply,  this  correction  is  necessary. 
ANDREW  OLIVER. 

t  GREENWICH  FAIR  (10th  S.  ii.  227).— See  the 
Universal  Songster,'  vol.  i.  p.  313,  'Pretty 
Polly  of  Deptford.'  J.  F.  FRY. 

Upton,  Didcot. 

WAGGONER'S  WELLS  (10th  S.  ii.  129,  214).— I 
am  much  obliged  for  the  replies  as  to  the 
derivation  of  this  word.  Is  there  any  evidence 
to  connect  Bishop  Walkelin  with  the  ponds  ? 

On  referring  to  Warren's  excellent  '  Illus- 
trated Guide  to  Winchester'  (1902),  pp.  15 
and  19,  I  see  it  is  mentioned  that  when  the 
bishop  was  rebuilding  the  Cathedral  in  1079 
he  obtained  timber  from  the  wood  of  Hane- 
pinges,  on  the  road  to  Alresford.  Did  he  go 


to  these  wells  to  obtain  a  water  supply  for 
the  buildings  and  construct  reservoirs  there 
which  are  now  known  as  Waggoner's  Wells  1 
H.  W.  UNDERDOWN. 

"  RAVISON  ":  "  SCRIVELLOES  "  (10th  S.  ii.  227). 
— Scrivelloes  are  tusks  under  a  certain  weight, 
some  say  fourteen,  others  twenty  pounds. 
The  term  is  of  interest,  because  its  etymology 
has  not  yet  been  traced.  It  occurs  in  old 
travellers,  e.g.,  Atkins,  '  Voyage  to  Guinea,' 
1735,  where  the  orthography  is  screvelios. 
Rees's  'Cyclopaedia,'  1819,  has  the  curious 
spelling  crevelles.  French  authors  write 
escarballes,  escarbelles,  and  escarbeilles,  but  the 
French  lexicographers  are,  equally  with  the 
English,  at  fault  as  to  its  origin.  I  suspect  it 
to  be  Portuguese,  but  cannot  find  it  in  any 
Portuguese  book.  It  is  one  of  the  words 
which  the  editors  of  the  '  N.E.D.'  will  have 
to  solve.  JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

"  Ravison  spot "  is  half-boiled  linseed  oil. 
Webster's  'International  Dictionary'  quotes 
R.  F.  Burton  for  scrivello,  as  follows :  "  The 
elephants  used  to  destroy  many  of  us  on 
account  of  our  hunting  them  for  their  ivories 
and  scrivellos." 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

"A  SHOULDER  OF  MUTTON  BROUGHT  HOME 

FROM  FRANCE"  (10th  S.  ii.  48, 158,  236).— The 
extravagant  idea  conveyed  by  the  fourth 
stanza  of  the  doggerel  reproduced  in  the 
interesting  communication  of  the  REV.  J.  W. 
EBSWORTH  has  survived  to  our  (at  least  to  my) 
own  time— say  it  was  remembered  for  a  cen- 
tury and  three-quarters.  Among  your  civic 
readers  there  must  be  surviving  some  few 
ancient  residents  in  the  one  square  mile  who 
can  remember  in  the  late  thirties  or  early 
forties  of  the  last  century  a  corkcutter's  shop 
occupying  the  ground  floor  of  business  pre- 
mises on  the  north  side  of  Eastcheap.  In  the 
shop  window,  among  other  trophies  display- 
ing the  manual  wonders  that  can  be  achieved 
with  cork  for  the  material,  in  an  oblong 
glass  case,  about  2  ft.  by  ]  J  ft.,  was  exhi- 
bited a  model,  cut  in  cork,  of  the  Monument 
on  Fish  Street  Hill  carried  away  on  the 
shoulder  of  a  running  man,  with  a  police- 
man (bearing  a  truncheon  in  his  right  hand,, 
and  clad  in  the  chimneypot  beaver  and 
swallowtails  of  the  period)  in  hot  pursuit. 
As  a  boy  I  often  paused  to  gaze  through 
the  shop  window  at  this  interesting  exhibit. 
The  reminiscence  is  revived  by  the  line — 
This  man  with  the  Monument  would  run  away,  but 
at  Aldgate  Watch  they  did  him  stay. 

My  preceptors  explained  to  me  that  this  was 


io«-  s.  ii.  OCT.  s,  1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


293 


a  representation  suggested  by  a  song  for- 
merly sung  in  a  pantomime  by  the  then 
recently  deceased  clown,  the  renowned  Joey 
Grimaldi.  It  was  still  highly  popular  in  the 
harlequinades  of  my  early  boyhood.  It  will 
be  observed  that  the  ballad  adds  a  still  more 
extravagant  cUnoilment.  I  remember  the  first 
verse  only.  It  ran  : — 
A  story  I  've  heard  in  my  youth, 

1  don't  know  whether  serious  or  funny  meant ; 
I  don't  mean  to  vouch  for  its  truth, 

Once  a  man  ran  away  with  The  Monument. 
Up  Fish  Street  swiftly  he  flew, 

A  policeman  who  saw  him  quick  followed  it, 
When  what  did  this  strange  fellow  do  ? 

Why,  he  made  but  one  gidp  and  he  swallowed  it  ! 

Perhaps  some  folk-lore  lyric-loving  reader 
may  be  able  to  supply  the  remaining  stanzas. 

GNOMON. 

"HUMANUM  EST    ERRARE"    (10th    S.    i.     389, 

512  ;  ii.  57). — The  saying  in  this  form  can  be 
carried  back  further  than  the  date  (1651) 
given  at  the  last  communication.  In  9th  S. 
xii.  62  these  words  were  quoted  from  Burton's 
*  Anatomy  of  Melancholy '  (II.  iii.  7),  and 
Biichmann's  article  in  his  'Gefliigelte  Worte' 
was  referred  to.  Whether  the  proverb  occurs 
in  the  first  edition  of  the  'Anatomy  '  I  cannot 
say  for  certain.  It  is  in  the  oldest  edition 
which  I  have,  that  of  1632.  But  Burton 
does  not  supply  the  earliest  instance.  Pun- 
tarvolo  in  Jonson's  *  Every  Man  out  of  his 
Humour'  (1599)  says  (ii.  1),  "Pardon  me: 
humanum  est  errare."  See  the  '  Stanford  Dic- 
tionary of  Anglicized  Words  and  Phrases.' 

With  regard  to  E.  W.  B.'s  suggestion  that 
"  it  is  possible  that  the  Latin  phrase  comes 
from  an  early  translation  of  Plutarch  (that 
of  Stephanus  appeared  in  1572),"  it  may  be 
remarked  that  the  version  of  the  passage  in 
'Adv.  Coloten,'  ch.  31,  given  by  Xylander 
(torn.  ii.  p.  1125  f.  in  the  Plutarch  of  1599  ; 
Wyttenbach's  'Plutarchi  Moralia,'  vol.  v. 
p.  397 ;  Xy lander's  translation  of  the  'Moralia' 
first  appeared  in  1570)  is  "Aliquo  errore 
decipi,  ut  sapientis  non  sit,  saltern  hominis 
non  est,"  which  bears  no  resemblance  in  form 
to  "  humanum  est  errare."  I  am  unable  to 
consult  Arnold  us  Ferronus's  Latin  version 
(see  Wyttenbach,  op.  cit.%  vol.  i.  p.  xcviii)  of 
the  '  Adversus  Coloten '  given  in  H.  Estienne's 
edition  of  Plutarch  (1572),  which  I  presume 
to  be  the  translation  referred  to  as  "  that  of 
Stephanus."  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

The  University,  Adelaide,  S.  Australia. 

MESSRS.  COUTTS'S  REMOVAL  (10th  S.  ii.  125, 
232). — In  connexion  with  the  above  it  is 
interesting  to  note  that  the  site  lately 
vacated  by  Messrs.  Coutts  is  part  of  the 
ancient  site  of  Durham  House,  once  the 


residence  of  personages  of  great  note  in  our 
listory.  It  is  supposed  to  have  been  erected 
)y  Thomas  Hatfield,  who  was  made  Bishop 
of  Durham  in  1345.  Prince  Harry,  after- 
wards Henry  V.,  lodged  here  for  a  few  days 
n  1411.  Stow  gives  a  long  account  of  the 
'eastings  here  in  1540  in  connexion  with  a 
great  tournament  in  St.  James's  Park,  and 
>n  May  Day  of  the  same  year  the  challengers 
lere  entertained  Henry  VIII.  and  Anne  of 
Cloves.  In  1553  Dudley,  Earl  of  North- 
umberland, was  living  here,  and  in  May  of 
ihat  year  three  marriages  were  solemnized 
lere  with  great  magnificence,  viz.,  Lord 
Guildford  Dudley  to  Lady  Jane  Grey  ;  Lord 
Herbert  to  Catherine,  Lady  Jane's  youngest 
sister ;  and  Lord  Hastings  to  Lady  Catherine 
Dudley.  In  1572  Walter  Devereux,  Earl  of 
Essex,  was  the  occupant ;  and  about  1583  the 
louse  was  granted  to  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  by 
Queen  Elizabeth,  and  here  he  lived  for 
twenty  years.  On  a  part  of  the  site  of  this 
famous  house  was  built "  The  New  Exchange," 
opened  on  11  April,  1609,  by  James  I.  This- 
was  pulled  down  in  1737  and  eleven  houses 
erected,  the  middle  one  being  occupied  by 
Middleton's  Bank,  afterwards  Coutts's.  When 
the  brothers  Adam  planned  the  Adelphi, 
Mr.  Thomas  Coutts  employed  them  to  build 
a  new  house  for  the  bank,  and  there  it 
remained  until  1  August  last.  Any  one 
desirous  of  a  fuller  account  should  consult 
a  paper  read  by  Mr.  H.  B.  Wheatley  before 
the  London  and  Middlesex  Archaeological 
Society  on  17  April,  1862,  entitled  'The 
Adelphi  and  its  Site,'  to  which  I  am  in- 
debted for  the  above  information. 

A.  H.  ARKLE. 

There  is  a  paper  in  the  Bystander  for 
9  March  entitled  'Coutts,  the  Romance  of  a 
famous  Private  Bank,'  which  gives  a  detailed 
account  of  the  rise  and  progress  of  this 
interesting  institution,  with  photographs  of 
the  old  and  new  premises  ;  a  portrait  of  the 
chief  cashier,  Mr.  Turner,  who  has  been 
connected  with  the  bank  for  fifty-four  years  ; 
and  other  curious  particulars.  There  is  an 
unwritten  law  as  to  the  dress  of  the  clerks, 
who  are  all  required  to  be  clean  shaven,  * 
law  to  which  every  one  conforms. 

JOHN  HEBB. 

SPORTING  CLERGY  BEFORE  THE  REFORMA- 
TION (10th  S.  ii.  89).— P.  C.  D.  M.  will  find 
many  instances  of  clerics  with  sporting 
proclivities  in  the  records  of  Manorial 
Courts,  such  as  the  following  from  the 
Durham  Halmote  Rolls :  1378,  Acley,  it  is 
presented  that  Robert  Chauncellor,  Sir  John 
Carles,  and  William  Powys,  chaplains,  are 


294 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io«>  s.  n.  OCT.  s,  1904. 


common  hunters,  and  take  hares  in  Acley 
field.  1374,  Hesylden,  William  de  Marton, 
vicar  there,  is  presented  for  a  similar  offence; 
and  1383,  at  Heworth,  it  is  found  that  the 
master  of  Westspittel  is  a  common  hunter  in 
the  warren  of  the  Lord  Prior,  and  has  taken 
hares  there.  NATHANIEL  HONE. 

1,  Fielding  Road,  Bedford  Park,  W. 

Sir  Walter  Scott,  in  a  note  to  *  Marmion,' 
canto  i.  stanza  21,  quotes  Holinshead's 
account  of  Welsh,  vicar  of  St.  Thomas's, 
Exeter,  a  leader  of  the  Cornish  insurgents 
in  1549.  This  man  had  many  good  things  in 
him.  He  was  of  no  great  stature,  but  well 
set  and  mightily  compact.  He  was  a  very 
good  wrestler ;  shot  well,  both  with  the  long 
bow  and  also  with  the  crossbow  ;  he  handled 
his  hand-gun  and  piece  very  well ;  he  was  a 
very  good  woodman,  and  a  hardy,  and  such 
a  one  as  would  not  give  his  head  for  the 
polling,  or  his  beard  for  the  washing.  This 
model  of  clerical  talents  had  the  misfortune 
to  be  hanged  upon  the  steeple  of  his  own 
church.  M.  N.  G. 

Was  not  Cardinal  Beaufort  a  sportsman  ? 
Halsway  Manor,  in  the  parish  of  Bicknoller, 
Somerset,  tradition  asserts  was  his  hunting 
lodge ;  and  doubtless  the  cardinal  enjoyed 
many  a  gallop  over  the  Quantocks  after  the 
red  deer.  D.  K.  T. 

JANE  STUART  (10th  S.  ii.  208).— According 
to  the  Athenaeum  of  19  March  (p.  366)  the 
mother  of  Jane  Stuart  was  Marie  van  der 
Stein.  The  statement  occurs  in  the  critique 
of  Mrs.  Bertram  Tanqueray's  novel  *  The 
Royal  Quaker.'  In  this  work  Jane  figures  as 
heroine.  I  believe  that  she  was  born  when 
her  father,  the  Duke  of  York,  was  in  his 
twenty-fourth  year.  GEORGE  GILBERT. 

'The  History  of  Wisbech,'  published  in 
1833,  states  at  p.  240  that  in  the  burial- 
ground  attached  to  the  Quakers'  place  of 
worship  "there  is  a  grave  surrounded  by 
the  box  shrub  in  the  shape  of  a  coffin,  ex- 
hibiting the  initials  'I.  S.,'  with  the  words 
and  figures  'aged  88,  1742,'"  and  that  it  is 
supposed  to  record  the  sepulture  of  one 
of  the  descendants  of  the  royal  family  of 
Stuarts.  JOHN  T.  THORP,  F.R.S.L. 

Regent  Road,  Leicester. 

Mr.  Gardiner  states  that  Jane  Stuart 
died  in  1742,  aged  eighty-eight.  If  she  was 
born  in  1654,  James,  Duke  of  York,  would 
then  have  been  about  twenty-one  years  of 
age,  and  at  that  time  serving  under  Marshal 
Turenne  or  with  his  brother  Charles  in 
Flanders.  In  the  second  edition  of  the 
1  Peerage  of  England  '  printed  by  G.  F.  for 


Roper  and  Collins  (1710),  only  five  natural 
children  of  James  II.  are  mentioned  :  the 
Duke  of  Berwick  and  his  brother  Henry 
Fitz-James,  their  sister  Henrietta  (Lady 
Waldgrave),  and  another  daughter  (no  name 
given,  but  a  nun  in  1710),  all  children  of 
Arabella  Churchill  ;  and  Catherine,  sur- 
named  Darnley,  born  1681,  daughter  of 
Catherine  Sedley,  Countess  of  Dorchester. 
Had  there  been  a  natural  daughter — a  Pro- 
testant— alive  in  1710,  some  notice  must  have 
been  written  of  her.  HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 

ONE-ARMED  CRUCIFIX  (10th  S.  ii.  189).— 
Some  years  since  I  saw  in  Ghent  a  crucifix 
carved  in  the  form  of  a  tree  with  one  branch, 
the  figure  being  bound  to  the  trunk  and  the 
two  arms  nailed  through  the  hands  to  the 
branch.  The  body  was  nearly  sideways,  and 
an  expression  of  great  agony  was  on  the 
features.  I  cannot  recall  exactly  where  in 
Ghent  I  saw  it,  but  I  think  in  the  chapel  of 
one  of  the  religious  houses  there.  Years 
afterwards  I  was  shown  a  replica  of  this 
crucifix  by  a  dealer  in  old  curiosities  in  New 
York,  and  I  am  told  it  is  not  unusual  to 
meet  with  this  form  of  crucifix  in  parts  of 
Spain.  FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 

I  think  that  what  is  meant  by  the  term 
"one-armed  crucifix"  is  nothing  more  than 
the  usual  cross  bar  or  arm  of  the  cross. 
In  the  Greek  Church  there  is  a  shorter  bar 
or  arm  placed  over  this,  upon  which  is 
written  the  inscription  in  Greek  letters  ;  and 
at  the  foot  of  the  cross  there  is  placed 
another  representing  the  foot  -  rest,  thus 
making  three  arms,  in  contrast  to  the  Roman 
one.  ANDREW  OLIVER. 

Some  ladies  make  such  mistakes  in  these 
matters  that  it  is  possible  Dorothea  Gerard 
has  blundered.  I  know  of  no  such  thing  as 
a  one-armed  crucifix,  neither  does  my  friend 
Father  Adam  Hamilton,  O.S.B.,  the  learned 
monk  of  Buckfast  Abbey.  In  a  copy  I 
possess  of  that  somewhat  rare  book  (small 
4to,  calf) '  Trivmphvs  lesv  Christi  Crvcifixi,' 
printed  at  the  Plantin  Press  (1608),  there  are 
no  fewer  than  sixty-nine  distinctly  different 
kinds  of  death  by  crucifixion  illustrated ; 
but  although  the  crosses  therein  assume 
many  shapes,  there  is  nothing  to  suggest  a 
single-armed  one.  Further,  in  my  'De 
Cruce,'  by  Justus  Lipsius,  also  printed  by  the 
Antwerp  press  (1599),  there  are  a  number 
of  fine  copperplates  of  other  curious  modes 
of  execution  by  crucifixion ;  but  no  one- 
armed  crosses  occur  amongst  them.  It  has 
been  affirmed  by  some  authorities  that  the 
original  tree  was  a  tau  cross.  If  we  accept  this 


s.  ii.  OCT.  s,  i9w.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


295 


assumption,  the  vertical  line  above  sirapl^ 
represents  the  support  added  for  the  title,  o 
the  actual  title  itself.  A  tau  cross,  by 
stretch  of  feminine  imagination,  may  there 
fore,  perhaps,  be  termed  a  one-armed  cross. 

Of  course,  the  above  general  remarks  upon 
female    writers    do    not     apply    to     sue! 
authorities  as  the  late  Mrs.  Jameson  and  Mis 
Louisa  Twining — ladies   whose  books   upon 
sacred  art  and   symbolism  respectively  ar 
amongst  the  most  valuable  and  trustworthy 
modern  ones  in  existence.      HARRY  HEMS. 

Fair  Park,  Exeter. 

I     have     never    heard    of    a    one-armed 
crucifix  before,  but  venture  this  surmise  fo 
the  benefit  of  ST.  SWITHIN. 

The  Greek  cross  is  represented, for  instance 
on  some  ancient  or  Greek  chasuble,  in  a  forn 
which  suggests  the  triple-armed  cross,  anc 
the  Roman  cross  in  the  form  of  the  Greek 
letter  tau.  A  reference  to  the  recently 
published  volume  of  'The  Chronicle  of  St 
Monica's '  will  show  that  the  seal  of  St 
Augustine's  Priory,  Newton  Abbot,  has  a 
figure  of  St.  Monica  holding  in  one  hand 
crucifix  in  form  like  the  Roman  cross.  This 
old  seal,  which  was  brought  from  Louvain,  is 
still  in  the  possession  of  the  convent. 

S.  M.  A. 

TOM  MOODY  (10th  S.  ii.  228).— The  words  of 
this  song  are  to  be  found  in  Baring  Gould's 
*  English  Minstrelsie,'  in  '  The  Book  of  Eng- 
lish Songs,'  and  in  Dr.  Mackay's  'Gems  of 
Songs.'  This  lyric,  generally  attributed  to 
Charles  Dibdin,  was  written  by  William 
Pearce,  the  son  of  a  country  squire.  He 
wrote  many  songs,  which  were  usually  set  by 
Shields.  He  was  also  a  dramatist  in  a  small 
way.  S.  J.  A.  F. 

The  song  in  question,  written  by  Andrew 
Cherry,  actor  and  dramatist,  may  be  found 
in  4  The  Book  of  English  Songs,'  edited  by 
Charles  Mackay.  It  begins  thus  : — 

You  all  knew  Tom  Moody,  the  whipper-in,  well ; 
The  bell  just  done  tolling  was  honest  Tom's  knell. 

WM.  DOUGLAS. 
125,  Helix  Road,  Brixton  Hill. 

*  Tom  Moody '  is  to  be  found  in  any  good 
collection  of  songs  and  ballads.  It  appears 
in  the  following  books,  certainly  :— 

The  Universal  Songster,  or  Museum  of  Mirth. 
Illustrated  by  George  Cruikshank.  3  vols.  royal  8vo. 
London,  George  Routledge  &  Sons.  n.d. 

Cyolopredia  of  Popular  Songs.  Illustrated.  Two 
volumes  in  one.  12mo.  London,  Wm.  Tegg.  n.d. 

RICHARD  WELFORD. 

[Replies  also  from  Mu.  JAB.  ('runs,  T.  F.  D., 
MR.  J.  T.  PAGE,  and  Mu.  \V.  PHILLIPS.] 


HOLME  PIERREPONT  PARISH  LIBRARY  (10th 
S.  ii,  149). — In  answer  to  the  request  of  MR. 
W.  R.  B.  PRIDE AUX  I  forward  a  copy  of  the 
inscription  on  the  Pierrepont  monument  in 
Holme  Pierrepont  Church  : — 

"Here  lyeth  the  Illustrious  Princess  Gartrude, 
Countess  of  Kingston,  Daughter  of  Henry  Talbot, 
PJsqre,  Son  of  George,  late  Earl  of  Shrewsbury.  She 
was  married  to  the  most  noble  and  excellent  L'1 
Robert,  Earl  of  Kingston,  one  of  the  Generals  to 
King  Charles  the  first  in  the  late  unhappy  differ- 
ences, and  in  that  service  lost  his  life.  She  had  by 
him  many  Children,  most  dead.  There  are  living 
Henry  Marquis  of  Dorchester,  William  and  Gervas 
Pierrepont,  Esqre,  and  one  Daughter,  the  Lady 
Elizabeth  Pierrepont.  She  was  a  lady  replete  with 
all  qualities  that  adorn  her  Sex  and  more  eminent 
in  them  then  in  the  greatness  of  her  birth.  She  was 
most  devout  in  her  dutyes  to  God  most  observant  of 
those  to  her  neighbour  an  incomparable  Wife  a  most 
indulgent  Mother  and  most  charitable  to  those  in 
want,  in  a  word  her  life  was  one  continued  act  of 
virtue  She  hath  left  a  memory  that  will  never  dye 
and  an  example  that  may  be  imitated  but  not 
easily  equalled,  She  died  in  the  LXI  year  of  her 
age  A°D  1649  And  this  Monument  was  erected  to  her 
by  her  Son  Gervas  Pierrepont." 

J.  SMITH. 

Wilford  Grange,  Notts. 

AUTHORS    OF   QUOTATIONS    WANTED  (10th 
S.   ii.    188).  —  1.    "  Genius    is  a  promontory 
jutting  out  into  the  infinite."     Cowley  has 
written  these  lines  : — 
Life 

Thou  weak-built  isthmus,  that  dost  proudly  rise 

Up  betwixt  two  eternities. 

This  is  a  fine  idea,  quite  intelligible  ;  and  it 
seems  to  be  the  parent  of  the  other  idea,  the 
meaning  of  which  is  not  evident. 

E.  YARDLEY. 

I  remember,  two  years  ago,  being  greatly 
struck  by  encountering  the  splendid  aphorism 
*  Genius  is  a  promontory  jutting  out  into  the 
nfinite,"  in  Victor  Hugo's  book  upon  Sh  ake 
spear.  A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

3.  I  hope  I  shall  not  be  considered  "too 
)revious "  if    I   give    an   extract  from    my 
:>ook   'Famous  Sayings  and  their  Authors' 
p.  159),  which  is  now  so  far  advanced  that  it 
will,  I  hope,  be  in  the  hands  of  the  public  and 
he  critics  in  a  very  few  weeks.    It  will,  I 
hink,  more  than  answer  the  precise  question 
asked  : — 

"  '  On  fait  un  pont  d'or  a  un  ennemi  qui  se  retire. 
We  make  a  golden  bridge  for  a  retreating  enemy.) 
3y  a  French  general  to  the  Russian  general  Count 
Miloradovitch  (177U-lSi"»),  when  meeting  to  pro- 
>ose  terms  of  peace.  Cf.  'Le  Conite  de  Pitillan, 
n  parlant  de  la  guerre,  souloit  dire,  "  Quand  ton 
nnemy  voudra  fuyr,  fay  luy  un  pont  d'or."  (The 
/ount  de  Pitillan,  in  speaking  of  war,  used  to  say, 
when  thy  enemy  wishes  to  fly,  make  a  bridge  of 
old  for  him.)— Gilles  Corrozet, '  Les  Divers  Propos 


296 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  n.  OCT.  s,  im 


Memorables,'  &c.,  Paris,  1557,  p.  78.  Rabelais 
('  Gargantua,'  bk.  i.  ch.  43)  makes  Gargantua  say  : 
*  Ouvrez  toujours  a  vos  ennemis  toutes  les  por^es  et 
chemins,  et  pliitot  leur  faites  un  pont  d'argent,* 
afin  de  les  renvoyer.'  (Always  open  to  your 
enemies  all  gates  and  outlets,  and  rather  make  for 
them  a  bridge  of  silver,  to  get  rid  of  them.)  Cf. 
'  Scipio  Africanus  dicere  solitus  est,  hosti  non 
solum  dandam  esse  viam  fugiendi  verum  etiam 
muniendam.'  (Scipio  Africanus  used  to  say  that 
you  ought  to  give  the  enemy  not  only  a  road  for 
flight,  but  also  a  means  of  defending  it.)— Frontinus, 
'8trateg.,'iv.  7,16." 

EDWARD  LATHAM. 

BARON  WAKD  (10th  S.  ii.  169).— There  can 
be  little  doubt,  I  think,  that  Thomas  Ward 
was  born  at  Howden,  in  the  East  Riding  of 
Yorkshire,  in  1810.  As  a  boy  I  resided  in 
that  town,  and  often  heard  him  spoken  of. 
Many  were  the  tales  about  this  worthy,  and 
his  periodic  visits  to  the  place  of  his  birth 
added  considerably  to  the  gaiety  of  the  quiet 
old  market  town.  A  Yorkshire  stable-boy 
who  rose  through  sheer  ability  to  the  posi- 
tions of  Prime  Minister  of  Parma  and  Ambas- 
sador to  England  deserves  an  adequate 
biography.  H.  C.  L.  MORRIS. 

Bognor. 

[A  life  appears  in  the  '  D.N.B.'] 

Burke's  'Vicissitudes  of  Families,'  second 
series,  second  edition,  1861,  p.  224,  states  : — 

"Thomas  Ward's  son,  William,  was  settled  at 
York,  as  studgroom  to  Mr.  Ridsdale,  the  trainer. 
His  wife's  name  was  Margaret,  and  their  son 
Thomas  (the  Baron)  was  born  at  York,  in  the  year 
1809. 

Thomas  Ward  the  elder,  the  baron's  grand- 
father, lived  at  Howden,  and  it  was  the  spot 
where  the  baron  spent  his  early  days,  although 
not  the  place  of  his  birth.  R.  J.  FYNMOEE. 

Sandgate. 

"FIRST  KITTOO"  (10th  S.  ii.  149).— "At  the 
first  go  to"  is  a  common  phrase  in  Lanca- 
shire. WILLIAM  E.  A.  AXON. 

CAST-IRON  CHIMNEY-BACK  (10th  S.  ii.  189).— 
It  may  interest  MR.  HEBB  to  know  that  there 
is  a  fine  one  (with  fleur-de-lys,  Tudor  rose, 
&c.,  and  initials  "  E.  R.")  at  the  Old  House, 
Sandwich.  I  can  give  no  more  particulars, 
but  believe  that  the  present  occupant  and 
owner  would  be  able  to  supply  them. 

HARRY  H.  PEACH. 

LONDON  CEMETERIES  IN  1860  (10th  S.  ii.  169). 
— I  am  pleased  to  be  in  a  position  to  give 
MR.  F.  A.  HOPKINS  the  information  he  needs, 
for  in  looking  through  some  papers  which 

*  I.e.,  stratagem— give  them  a  seeming  ad  vantage. 
Ine  Irench  proverb  is  '  II  faut  faire  un  pont  d'or  a 
son  ennemi.'  (Make  a  golden  bridge  for  your  enemy.) 


belonged  to  my  late  brother-in-law,  Mr.  W.  E. 
Need  ham,  who  was  Registrar  of  Births  and 
Deaths  for  this  district  at  that  time,  I  found 
a  complete  list  of  the  cemeteries  then  open. 
They  were : — 

Abney  Park,  at  Stoke  Newington,  N. — The 
secretary  was  then  Mr.  Heath,  and  the  office 
at  26,  Bishopsgate  Street  Within,  E.G. ;  but 
now  the  secretary  is  Mr.  A.  Clark,  the  office 
being  at  the  cemetery. 

City  of  London,  Little  Ilford.— The  super- 
intendent then  was  Mr.  J.  C.  Stacey,  the 
office  being  at  the  Sewers  Office,  Guildhall, 
E.G. ;  but  now  the  clerk  is  Mr.  H.  M.  Bates,, 
at  the  Guildhall. 

City  of  London  and  Tower  Hamlets,  South 
Grove,  Mile  End  Road,  E.— The  then  secre- 
tary and  superintendent  was  Mr.  David 
Shaboe  ;  the  positions  are  now  held  by  Mr. 
A.  Clark,  jun. 

Great  Northern  Cemetery,  near  Colney 
Hatch.— In  1860  Mr.  H.  P.  Hakewill  was  the 
general  manager,  the  office  being  .at  122, 
High  Holborn,  W.C.  The  office  is  now  at 
22,  Great  Winchester  Street,  E.G.,  and  pre- 
sumably inquiries  should  be  addressed  to  the 
secretary. 

Highgate  Cemetery,  N. — This  cemetery, 
with  Nunhead  Cemetery,  near  Peckham  Rye, 
S.E.,  belongs  to  the  London  Cemetery  Com- 
pany, the  secretary  then  for  both  being  Mr. 
E.  Ruxton,  and  the  office  at  29,  New  Bridge 
Street,  E.G.  Mr.  H.  M.  Dodd  is  now  the 
secretary,  at  the  same  address. 

Kensal  Green  Cemetery,  Harrow  Road, 
W. — This  belongs  to  the  General  Cemetery 
Company.  Mr.  F.  Riviere  was  then  the 
secretary,  and  the  office  at  95,  Great  Russell 
Street,  W.C.  Mr.  K.  Havers  is  now  secre- 
tary, and  the  office  at  No.  21  in  the  same 
street. 

London  Necropolis  Company,  Cemetery 
at  Woking. — Mr.  R.  Churchill  was  then  the 
secretary,  and  the  office  at  2,  Lancaster  Place, 
Strand,  W.C.  It  is  now  at  121,  Westminster 
Bridge  Road,  S.E.,  but  the  present  secretary's 
name  I  have  not  been  able  to  ascertain. 

Norwood  Cemetery,  Norwood,  S.E. — Mr. 
G.  Thomas  was  then  the  clerk,  the  office  being 
at  70,  King  William  Street,  E.G.  It  is  now 
at  58  and  59,  Temple  Chambers,  E.G.,  Mr.  R. 
La  Thangue  holding  that  appointment. 

Nunhead.  —  See  under  Highgate  Ceme- 
tery, N. 

Victoria  Park  Cemetery,  E.  — The  secre- 
tary then  was  Mr.  C.  E.  Kingstone,  the  office 
being  at  98,  Bishopsgate  Street  Within, 
E.G.  This  cemetery  has  been  closed  for 
many  years,  it  having  been  (so  I  am  informed) 
so  full  that  the  pathways  were  utilized  for 


s.  ii.  OCT.  s,  1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


297 


graves.  I  have  made  inquiries  about  the 
registers,  <tc.,  but  can  get  no  information, 
it  being  said  that  there  is  no  office  now  in 
existence. 

West  London  (or  Brompton)  Cemetery, 
Fulham  Road,  S.W.— In  those  days  Mr.  J.  H. 
Ruddick  was  manager,  and  the  office  was  at 
12,  Hay  market,  IS.W.  It  is  under  the  juris- 
diction of  H.M.  Commissioners  of  Works,  but 
there  is  an  office  for  inquiries,  <fcc.,  at  the 
cemetery. 

I  have  given  the  information  somewhat 
fully,  as  perhaps  the  names  of  the  officials  or 
the  address  of  the  offices  may  tend  to  throw 
some  light  upon  the  matter,  and.  lessen  the 
necessary  inquiries. 

W.  E.  HARLAND  OXLEY. 

Westminster. 

MR  HOPKINS  may  perhaps  leave  the  City 
•churchyards  out  of  consideration,  since  inter- 
ment of  the  dead  there,  although  it  had  been 
customary  in  the  Middle  Ages,  was  in  1850 
partially  forbidden  by  Act  of  Parliament. 

I  do  n'ot  know  the  exact  year  in  which  the 
Bunhill  Fields  burial-ground  became  taboo  to 
the  dead  ;  but  it  was  thrown  open  as  a  fresh- 
air  space  to  the  living  in  1867. 

The  cemeterj7  of  the  West  London  and 
Westminster  Cemetery  Company,  in  the 
Fulharn  Road,  Brompton,  was  consecrated  in 
1840,  and  is  still  used. 

The  Highgate  and  Kentish  Town  Cemetery 
was  opened  by  the  London  Cemetery  Com- 
pany, and  consecrated  in  1839.  This  also  is 
still  in  use,  as  is  the  Nunhead  Cemetery  in 
South  London,  which  was  consecrated  in 
1840. 

Abney  Park  Cemetery,  at  Stoke  Newing- 
ton,  was  opened  in  1840. 

The  City  of  London  and  Tower  Hamlets 
•Cemetery  Company  has.  or  had,  a  cemetery 
at  South  Grove,  Mile  End,  consecrated  in 
.1841. 

There  is,  or  was,  the  East  London  Ceme- 
•tery  in  White  Horse  Lane,  Stepney  ;  and  the 
Norwood  Cemetery  was  consecrated  in  1837. 

Of  what  religious  "  persuasion  "  was  Miss 
Eliza  Ellen  Hopkins  ?  Her  burial  -  place 
might  be  traced  by  that.  There  was  a  burial- 
ground,  for  instance,  attached  to  the  Wes- 
leyan  Chapel  opposite  Bunhill  Fields,  where 
John  Wesley  was  buried. 

It  will  be  observed  that  all  the  above 
cemeteries  existed  in  the  year  in  question- 
namely,  1860.  J.  HOLDEN  MAC  MICHAEL. 

A  list  of  the  cemeteries  of  the  metropolis 
is  given  in  the  1860  edition  of  Weale's 
*  London.'  Many  persons  dying  in  the 
Holborn  district,  which  would  include  Fetter 


Lane,  were  interred  at  Highgate  Cemetery, 
the  secretary  of  which  could  easily  give- MR. 
HOPKINS  the  required  information. 

FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 

[MR.  E.  H.  COLEMAN  also  sends  a  list  of  ceme- 
teries.] 

WHITSUNDAY  (10th  S.  ii.  121,  217).  —  Local 
pronunciation  is  frequently  a  true  guide  to 
the  meaning  of  words.  Our  West-Country 
people  are  very  conservative,  and  thus 
establish  PROF.  SKEAT'S  contention.  We  know 
of  no  such  word  as  Witsun,  it  is  always 

IFfo'tesuntide,  and  moreover  we  always  speak 
of  Whitesun  Sunday,  White&un  Monday, 

Whttesuu  Tuesday,  &c.  See  *  West  Somerset 
Word-Book.'  F.  T.  ELWORTHY. 

FAIR  MAID  OF  KENT  (10th  S.  i.  289,  374; 
ii.  59,  118,  175,  236).— The  marriage  of  the 
DucdeBretaigne,  referred  toby  MR.  HERBERT 
SOUTHAM,  is  not  mentioned  in  my  copy  of 
Froissart,  edited  by  G.  C.  Macaulay  (Mac- 
millan,  1895).  HENRY  GERALD  HOPE. 

119,  Elms  Road,  Clapham,  S.W. 

I  wrote,  I  think,  "Froissart,  I.  C.  229, 
p.  268."  It  is  printed  *'  Froissart,  c.  ccxxix. 
p.  268."  HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 

PHRASES  AND  REFERENCE  (10th  S.  ii.  128, 
197).  — The  Coroners  Cup. —  The  Coroners' 
Cup  is  a  loving  cup  used  at  the  dinner  of  the 
Coroners'  Society.  MEDICULUS  probably  re- 
fers to  the  Jurymen's  Cup.  On  13  May,  1833, 
a  policeman  was  killed  at  a  Chartist  mass- 
meeting  in  Cold  bath  Fields,  while  (with  300 
other  "Peelers  ')  he  was  attempting  to  scatter 
the  crowd.  The  coroner's  -  inquest  jury 
unanimously  returned  "Justifiable  homi- 
side,"  as  no  warning  was  given  of  the 
onslaught  and  no  provocation  excused  the 
official  interference.  The  verdict,  in  opposi- 
tion to  that  desired  by  the  Coroner  for 
Middlesex,  was  very  popular.  The  seventeen 
jurymen  were  banqueted  and  presented  with 
a  banner,  each  also  had  an  inscribed  silver 
cup  and  half  a  dozen  medals  in  commemo- 
ration of  the  alleged  attempt  to  tamper  with 
44  the  Palladium  of  English  liberty  —  trial 
by  jury."  Dr.  Danford  Thomas  possesses 
one  each  of  these  cups  and  medals.  What 
has  become  of  the  others  ? 

Brown  and  Thompson's  Penny  Hotels. — A 
popular  nickname  for  two  Roman  Catholic 
chapels  in  Moorfields  at  the  time  of  the 
Gordon  Riots.  STANLEY  B.  ATKINSON. 

10,  Adelphi  Terrace,  W.C. 

CLOSETS  IN  EDINBURGH  BUILDINGS  (10th  S. 
ii.  89,  154,  234).— A  closet  of  this  kind  exists 
in  the  old  house  at  Worcester  known  as  the 


298 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [ID*  s.  n.  OCT.  s,  190*. 


"  Commandery,"    which    used     to    be    most 
obligingly  shown  by  the  occupier,  Mr.  Little 
burv.  He  described  it.  I  think,  as  an  oratory 

W.  C.  B. 

"FEED  THE  BKUTE"  (10th  S.  i.  348,  416, 
ii.  257). — It  may  be  added  that  a  sequel  to 
this  remark  lately  appeared  in  an  American 
paper,  which  I  only  saw  casually.  One  oi 
the  brutes,  on  hearing  this  famous  saying 
quoted  yet  once  more,  is  said  to  have 
exclaimed,  "  I  wish  they  'd  begin." 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

London  in  the  Time  of  the  Tudors.    By  Sir  Walter 

Besant.  (A.  &  C.  Black.) 
OF  the  four  volumes  constituting  the  new  '  Survey 
of  London,'  for  which  the  late  Sir  Walter  Besant 
is  or  will  be  responsible,  three  have  now  appeared. 
First  to  see  the  light  was '  London  in  the  Eighteenth 
Century'  (see  9th  S.  xi.  98).  A  year  later  came 
'  London  in  the  Time  of  the  Stuarts  '  (see  10th  S.  i. 
18).  The  present  volume — the  third  in  order  of 
appearance,  but  the  second  in  that  of  date— will  be 
succeeded  by  a  fourth,  with  which  much  progress 
has  been  made,  entitled  'London  in  Mediaeval 
Times.'  Whether  that  instalment  even  will  be 
final,  or  whether  the  work  will  be  extended  to  an 
earlier  date,  which  seems  highly  improbable,  or  to 
a  later,  we  wait  contentedly  to  see.  That  the 
scheme  which  we  knew  was  entertained  by  Sir 
Walter  of  constituting  himself  a  new  Stow  was 
much  more  than  a  velleity  is  abundantly  proven, 
and  we  stand  amazed  at  the  extent  and  value  of  the 
materials  that  have  been  accumulated,  and  at  the 
amount  of  solid  work  which  in  the  intervals  of 
oppressive  claims  Sir  Walter  found  time  to 
accomplish.  What  has  already  appeared  seems 
sufficient  to  constitute  him  a  chief  historian  of 
London,  and  to  give  him  a  place  with  the  Mait- 
lands,  Pennants,  Lysonses,  Stows,  and  their  suc- 
cessors. The  limitations  imposed  by  the  scheme  are 
the  same  as  in  previous  volumes,  and  the  method  of 
workmanship  conforms  in  all  respects  with  that 
hitherto  observed.  No  attempt  is  made  to  deal 
with  that  literature  which  is  the  supreme  accom- 
plishment of  Tudor  times.  The  Armada  itself, 
which  is  the  event  the  most  far-reaching  in  its 
influences  of  the  sixteenth  century,  has  not  even  a 
separate  heading  in  the  index ;  and  the  death  of 
Mary  Stuart,  the  most  picturesque  and  tragic  inci- 
dent of  the  English  renaissance,  finds  bare  mention. 
It  is,  in  fact,  London,  and  not  England,  with  which 
Sir  Walter  deals,  and  it  is  social  life,  and  not 
history,  with  which  he  is  concerned.  Dates  are  in 
this  case  definitely  fixed,  and  the  volume  opens  with 
the  accession  of  Henry  VII.  (1485),  and  ends  with 
the  death  of  Elizabeth  (1603),  covering  thus  a  period 
of  a  century  and  eighteen  years.  Henry's  arrival  in 
London  immediately  on  the  death  of  his  prede- 
cessor was  marked  by  an  incident  sufficiently 
familiar  in  the  lives  of  Tudor  monarchs,  and 
closely  followed  by  one  of  the  calamities 
most  characteristic  of  mediaeval  and  renaissance 
times.  The  first  consisted  in  the  presenta- 
tion at  Shoreditch  to  the  conquering  monarch, 


by  the  Mayor,  Sheriffs,  and  Aldermen  clothed  in» 
velvet,  of  a  thousand  marks  ;  the  second  of  an  out- 
break of  the  "sweating  sickness"  which  carried  off 
in  a  few  days  two  Mayors  and  six  Aldermen.  It  is 
impossible  for  the  student  of  social  life  and  manners 
to  steer  clear  of  history,  and  the  risings  in  favour  of 
Lambert  Simnel  and  Perkin  Warbeck  elicit  from, 
the  writer  the  philosophic  reflection  that  in  or 
after  a  period  of  civil  war  the  public,  accustomed 
to  the  use  of  arms,  are  ready  to  have  recourse  to- 
them  on  the  slightest  provocation.  This,  the  most 
historical  portion  of  the  work,  contains  six  chapters,, 
five  of  them  devoted  to  the  Tudor  monarchs,  and 
one  a  species  of  supplement  assigned  to  '  The  Queen 
[Elizabeth]  in  her  Splendour.'  Further  headings 
consist  of  'Religion,'  'Elizabethan  London,* 
'  Government  and  Trade  of  the  City,'  and  '  Social 
Life.'  There  are  also  some  appendixes  of  great 
interest— including  the  picture  of  the  behaviour  of 
gallants  in  the  middle  aisle  of  St.  Paul's,  from 
Dekker's  '  Gull's  Horn  Book,'  a  list  of  executions,, 
a  list  of  the  plants  grown  in  an  Elizabethan  garden, 
and  a  monthly  provision  table  through  the  year 
1605.  From  this  it  appears  that  among  objects  of 
consumption  were  "crayne,""storcke,"  "shoveller," 
"  bay  ninge,"  "  ruffe,"  "gull, "and  "true,"  the  last 
name,  that  of  a  fowl,  being  undiscoverable  in  this 
spelling  in  any  dictionary  to  which  we  have  access, 
including  the  'N.E.D-,'  where  it  appears  under 
'Brewe'  only. 

Religion  naturally  in  the  present  volume  occupies 
an  important  place.  Its  various  manifestations  are 
studied  only  as  regards  London.  Even  in  the  case  of 
the  dissolution  of  the  monasteries  it  is  London  only 
upon  which  our  author  dwells.  A  sort  of  defence 
ot  Henry  VIII.  in  respect  of  the  murder  of  the  Car- 
:husian  monks,  of  Bishop  Fisher,  and  of  Sir  Thomas 
More  is  attempted:  "All  Christendom  shuddered 
when  those  holy  men  were  dragged  forth  to  suffer 
;he  degrading  and  horrible  death  of  traitors  :  yet 
all  Christendom  recognized  that  there  was  a  King 
n  England  who  would  brook  no  interference,  who 
cnew  his  own  mind,  and  would  work  his  own  will." 
As  much  might  be  said  of  Herod  and  many  a  suc- 
ceeding persecutor.  A  curious  plate  from  an  his- 
;orical  print  in  the  British  Museum  shows  the 
martyrdom  of  the  Carthusian  monks,  all  of  whom 
n  the  same  trestle  are  being  dragged  by  horses 
n  presence  of  a  singularly  unclad  mob.  A  con- 
scientious attempt  to  hold  the  scales  justly  between 
;he  two  factions  is  made,  but  Protestant  leanings 
are  naturally  perceptible.  Under  '  Superstition  '- 
which  is  classed  with  religion— witchcraft  and  magic 
are  the  principal  items.  Touching  for  the  king's 
evil,  talismans,  amulets,  and  the  practice  of 
strology  are  also  chief  subjects  of  comment.  An> 
nteresting  chapter  is  that  on  the  '  Citizen.'  '  Lite- 
•ature  and  Art '  are  dealt  with,  though  no  attempt 
i,t  critical  estimate  is  essayed.  Under  '  Manners 
and  Customs,'  the  London  inns,  the  theatres,  and 
imilar  headings,  much  curious  information  is 
upplied.  In  this,  as  in  previous  volumes,  the 
llustrations  are  of  the  highest  interest.  For  these 
he  principal  collections  have  been  laid  under  con- 
ribution.  Gerard's  portrait  of  Queen  Elizabeth 
rom  Burleigh  House  supplies  the  frontispiece;  a 
eproduction  of  Ralph  Agas's  great  map  of  London, 
leansed  of  Vertue's  spurious  additions,  is  given 
,t  the  close.  Quite  impossible  is  it  to  convey 
,n  idea  of  the  wealth  and  value  of  the  illustra- 
ions.  They  comprise  portraits  of  all  the  Tudor 
monarchs  and  the  principal  personages  of  their 


io">  s.  ii.  OCT.  s,i9Qi.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


299 


respective  reigns.  Most  of  the  incidents  depicted 
are  from  ancient  plates,  though  some,  such  as 
the  representation  oy  Delaroche  of  the  execution 
of  Lady  Jane  Grey,  are  modern.  Many  of  the  full- 
page  plates,  such  as  the  picture  of  Henry  VIII., 
Princess  Mary,  and  Will  Somers,  from  Lord  Spen- 
cer's collection,  and  the  very  characteristic  portrait 
of  Philip  II.  of  Spain,  by  Alonzo  Sanchez-Coello, 
from  the  Berlin  Museum,  are  of  singular  interest. 
In  no  respect,  indeed,  is  the  volume  inferior  to 
its  predecessors,  and  it  is  written  throughout  in 
Sir  Walter's  brightest  and  most  attractive  style. 

The  Works  of  Shakespeare.— The  Lamentable  Tra- 
gedy of  Titus  Andronicus.  Edited  by  H.  Bellyse 
Baildon.  ( Methuen  &  Co. ) 
THAT  this  volume  is,  as  half  of  its  title  seems  to 
imply,  the  first  of  a  new  edition  of  Shakespeare, 
we  are  disposed  to  doubt.  It  is  unlikely  that  a 
new  edition  would  begin  with  a  play  such  as  '  Titus 
Andronicus,'  and  it  is  little  probable  that  the  most 
sanguine  of  men  would  dream  of  issuing  in  his  life- 
time forty  plays  edited  so  thoroughly  as  that  before 
us.  So  fully  convinced  is  the  latest  editor  that 

*  Titus  Andronicus '  is    by  Shakespeare,   that-  he 
has  apparently  been  principally  influenced  in  his 
self-imposed  task  by   the  desire  to  establish  his 
thesis.     His    views    are    propounded    with   much 
moderation,  and  will  in  the  main  meet  with  little 
opposition.    That  the  greater  part  of  the  play  is  by 
Shakespeare  admits  of  no  doubt,  except  on  the  part 
of  those  who  judge  the  dramatist  only  from   an 
ethical  standpoint.    That  a  not  inconsiderable  por- 
tion is  by  another  hand  is  no  less  clear.    No  very 
difficult  task  would,  indeed,  be  imposed  upon  one 
who  should  undertake,    on  internal  evidence,  to 
determine  which    parts  are   wholly  Shakespeare, 
which  are  furbished  up  by  him,  and  which  show  no 
trace   of   his    handiwork.    Against    the  views    of 
M  alone  and  Mr.  Fleay  Mr.  Baildon  is  outspoken. 
He  is  more  timid,  however,  when  he  finds  himself 
opposed  by  Hallam  or  Mr.  Sidney  Lee.     What  he 
says  about  the  difficulties  in  the  way  of  ascribing 
'Titus  Andronicus'   to  Greene  carries  conviction, 
and  he  is  pardonably  severe  upon  Dr.  Grosart  for 
saying  the  Aaron  in  '  Titus  Andronicus '  is  a  Jew. 
On  the  subject  of  verse  generally  he  does  not  carry 
us  with    him.    Such  feminine  endings  as  occur  in 

*  Henry  VIII.'  are  conclusive  proofs  of  authorship. 
A  few  unimportant  errors  are  encountered  in  read- 
ing a  volume  trustworthy  in  the  main.     "Hay- 
wood's  "  *  Apology  for  Actors '  should  be  Heywood  s. 

A  Selection  of  Cases  illustrative  of  the  English  Law 
of  Tort.  By  Courtney  Stanhope  Kenny,  LL.D. 
(Cambridge,  University  Press.) 
THIS  work,  specially  designed  for  the  Cambridge 
Law  Tripos,  is  by  Dr.  Kenny,  University  Reader 
in  English  Law  in  Cambridge  and  Lecturer  on 
Law  and  Moral  Science  at  Downing,  to  whom  are 
also  due  many  legal  works,  including  '  Outlines  of 
Criminal  Law '  and  '  Select  Criminal  Cases.'  It  is 
specially  intended  for  the  use  of  those  who  have 
not  immediate  access  to  a  law  library,  and  must  be 
of  highest  utility  to  all  who  follow  the  professor's 
lectures.  Two  hundred  leading  cases,  some  of  them 
abridged,  are  given.  They  are  arranged  under 
three  chief  heads,  of  which  the  first  deals  with  the 
liability  for  tort,  general  exceptions,  and  forensic 
remedies  ;  the  second  with  the  various  kinds  of 
torts ;  and  the  third  with  the  relations  between 
tort  and  contract.  The  student  will  find  some- 


thing more  than  a  summary  of  the  leading  cases  up 
to  date,  with  useful  and  lucid  editorial  comments. 
We  need  not  dwell  upon  the  gain  that  attends  the 
possession  of  a  compact  body  of  cases.  Familiarity 
with  the  authoritative  writings  on  the  subject  of 
Sir  Frederick  Pollock  is  presupposed  in  the  reader. 
The  task  of  summarizing  has  been  admirably 
accomplished.  How  much  use  has  been  made  of 
American  decisions  will  be  seen  by  any  one  turning 
for  instance,  to  Roberson  v.  the  Rochester  Folding 
Box  Company  and  others,  pp.  364  et  seq.,  from 
which  also  the  reader  will  learn  how  far  beyond 
the  mere  professional  student  extend  the  interest 
and  value  of  the  work. 

EIGHT  more  plays  have  been  added  to  the 
pretty  edition  of  Shakespeare  included  by  Mr 
Heinemann  in  his  "Favourite  Classics."  These 
consist  of  Cymbeline,  Macbeth,  Coriolanus,  Romeo 
and  Juliet  As  You  Like  It,  Titus  Andronicus, 
Jroilus  and  Cressida,  and  Lore's  Labour's  Lost. 
Each  of  these  has  a  helpful  introduction,  taken 
from  the  great  work  of  Dr.  Brandes,  and  each  has 
like  the  opening  volumes,  a  reproduction  of  some 
existing  picture  of  an  actor  or  actress  celebrated  in 
the  play.  In  some  cases  these  are  easily  enoueh 
supplied.  Smith,  who  in  'Cymbeline'  stands  for 
lachimo,  first  presented  the  part  at  Covent  Garden 
28  December,  1767.  *  Macbeth '  exhibits  Miss  Terry 
as  Lady  Macbeth,  after  the  well-known  portrait  by 
Mr.  Sergent,  in  which  the  crown  does  indeed 
"light  the  brows."  Kemble's  Coriolanus  is  emi- 
nently characteristic.  Miss  Ada  Rehan  is  Rosalind 
to  the  Orlando  of  Mr.  John  Drew.  'Romeo  and 
Juliet  has  a  quaint  reproduction— altered  some- 
what, we  fancy- from  a  well-known  plate  of  Garrick 
and  George  Anne  Bellamy  in  the  mausoleum  scene 
in  which  both  were  seen  at  their  best.  With  other 
plays  more  difficulty  presents  itself.  No  one  alive 
has,  presumably,  seen  'Troilus  and  Cressida'  or 
4  Titus  Andronicus.'  We  have,  accordingly,  an  old 
picture  of  Brereton  as  Troilus,  and  one  of  Mrs. 
Wells  as  Lavmia.  In  *  Love's  Labour 's  Lost '  we 
have  Mrs.  Bulkeley  as  the  Princess  of  France. 

To  the  very  attractive  series  known  as  the  "  York 
Library  "  Messrs.  G.  Bell  &  Sons  have  added  Fannv 
Barney's  Cecilia,  in  2  vols  edited  by  Annie  Raine 
Ellis,  and  Emerson  s  Works,  Vol.  II.,  containing 
'English  Tracts,'  'The  Conduct  of  Life,'  and 
Nature.'  A  comparison  of  these  dainty  editions 
with  their  predecessors  shows  what  an  advance 
recent  years  have  made  in  the  production  of  books, 
at  once  cheap,  artistic,  and  convenient. 

MR.  HENRY  FROWDE  is  issuing  a  series  of  diminu- 
tive reprints  of  Dickens's  Christmas  books,  two 
of  which,  The  Cricket  on  the  Hearth  and  The 
Haunted  Man  and  the  Ghost's  Bargain  have 
appeared.  They  are  handsomely  printed  on  Oxford 
India  paper,  well  bound  and  illustrated,  and  are 
gems.  They  are  called  the  "  Bijou  Edition,"  and 
are  issued  in  various  bindings  at  prices  risinc 
from  Is.  each. 


n  Fortnightly  opens  with  an  eloquent  paper  bv 

M.  Maurice  Maeterlinck  on  'Rome.'  This  is  at 
least  as  much  concerned  with  Greece  as  with 
Rome,  and  laments  that  we  have  not  the  instinct 
that  enabled  the  Greek  to  find  in  his  own  body  the 
faxed  standard  of  beauty  that  the  Egyptian*  the 

™yrwn',i  ?erxlan'  ^)lfthfc  vainty  elsewhere. 
The  Warden  of  New  College,  Oxford,  accom- 


300 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        po»  s.  n.  OCT.  s,  im. 


plishes  a  pious  task  in  writing  concerning  William 
of   Wykehara.      Miss  May  Bateman  virtually  in 
troduces  to  the   English    public  Grazia  Deledda 
the    Corsican    novelist,    and    her    work    'Cenere. 
A    very    erudite    and    suggestive    paper    is  that 
of    Mr.   Andrew    Lang    ou    'The    Origins    of    the 
Alphabet.'     Mr.  Lang    is    always    most    welcome 
when,   as    now,  we  meet  him   in  the  domain    of 
primitive  culture.      Mr.    A.    Teixeira    de  Mattos 
introduces  us  to  Stijn  Streuyels,  a  Belgian  writer 
with  a  message.     Serial  contributions  by  Mr.  G.  K. 
Chesterton   and   Mr.   H.    G.   Wells  begin  in  the 
October  number.— Mr.  John  Morley  sends  to  the 
Nineteenth  Century  an  appreciation  of  '  Mr.  Har- 
rison's Historical  Romance,'  which  first  appeared 
in  what  was  once  Mr.  Morley's  own  venture,  the 
Fortnightly.    In  his  review,  with  which  we  may 
not  deal,  Mr.  Morley  tells  afresh  the  story  of  the 
three  rings  that  form  the  basis  of  Lessing's  '  Nathan 
the   Wise.'      We    are    glad    to   meet    incidentally 
with  the    tribute    paid    to    Walter    Scott:    "No 
novelist  has  ever  had  so  much  of  the  genius  of 
history  as  Scott,  that  great  writer  and  true-hearted 
man;  and  if  it  be  unluckily  true  that  Scott  is  no 
longer  widely  read,  we  may  be  quite  sure  that  it  is 
so  much  the  worse  for  the  common  knowledge  of 
history."      Under  her  real  name  of  Lady  Currie 
Violet  Fane  has  a  brilliant  fantasy  entitled  'Are 
Remarkable    People    Remarkable  -  Looking  ? '    in 
which    she    tells  admirably  some  capital  stories. 
'The  Land  of   Jargon'  deals  with    the    Yiddish 
dialect.    Dr.  Paul  Chapman  narrates  some  remi- 
niscences of  Coventry  Patmore  which  are  decidedly 
characteristic.  —  Lady  Bloomfield's  '  Recollections 
of  an  Octogenarian,'  in  the  Pall  Mall,  are  very 
interesting.      They  deal  with    statesmen  such  as 
Nesselrode    and    Metternich,    mpnarchs    such    as 
Louis  Philippe  and  Frederic  William,  and   other 
celebrities,  such  as  Lord  John  (afterwards  Earl) 
Russell,  Dean  Stanley,  Alexander  von  Humboldt, 
Chopin,  and  La  Taglioni.     Portraits  of  all  these 
are  supplied.      A  good  deal  of  interest  is  natur- 
ally inspired    by  the    inquiry    '  Can  Old  Age   be 
Cured?'    The    "sunny  optimist"  who  says  that 
old  age  is  curable    startles  when    he    adds    that 
"  what  we   need  is  old   men."     What   was  once 
called  a  symposium  is  held  concerning  our  fiction. 
Participants  in  this  include  John  Oliver  Hobbes, 
Mr.  H.  G.  Wells,  Mr.  Andrew  Lang,  Mr.  Edmund 
Gosse,  and  Mr.  W.  L.  Courtney.     '  An  Old  Herbal ' 
deals  with  our  and  everybody's  old  friend  Gerard. 
—An  interesting  number  of  the  '  Household  Bud- 
gets Abroad,'  which  constitute  a  pleasing  feature  in 
the  Cornhill,  is  No.  IV.,  which  is  concerned  with 
Italy.    It  becomes  increasingly  apparent  that  the 
advantage  of  living  abroad  is  principally  derived 
from  the  opportunity  foreign  residence  affords  of 
dispensing  with  needless  outlay.     General  Grant 
Wilson  has    much  of    interest  to  say  concerning 
'Washington,   Lincoln,   and  Grant.'     Miss   Peard 
writes  on  'Autumn  on  Dartmoor.'    In  'Historical 
Mysteries '  Mr.  Lang  deals  with  '  The  Case  of  Capt. 
Green.'    With  this,  the  particulars  of  which  are 
taken  from  Howell's  '  State  Trials,'  we  were  pre- 
viously   unfamiliar.      '  The    American    Chloe,'    by 
Marion  Bower,   furnishes  a  curious    insight    into 
American  womanhood.  — Baptista  Mantuan  is  dealt 
with  in  the  Gentleman's.     Mantuanus  has  always 
maintained  a  hold  upon  scholars,  and  a  new  edition 
of  him   might  be  expedient.     Our  own  edition  is 
Paris,  three  volumes  in  one,  folio,  1513,  and  though 
we  are  aware  of  one  issued  at  Antwerp,  1576,  we  know 


of  no  edition  later,  more  useful,  or  more  convenient 
Mr.  Holden  MacMichael  has  an  interesting  com- 
munication on  the  'Sedan  Chair.'  Mr.  H  M 
banders  discourses  pleasantly  of  '  Drummond  of 
Hawthornden.'  Miss  Barbara  Clay  Finch  writes 
on  Reptile  Lore.'-In  Longman's  Maud  E.  Sargent 
writes  on  the  '  Wren-bush '  familiar  in  our  columns 
In  At  the  Sign  of  the  Ship '  Mr.  Lang  exposes 
some  of  the  objections  to  the  system  followed  in 
the  Cambridge  Modern  History.'  He  also  com- 
ments on  incidents  in  Renaissance  history  which 
are  so  sensational  that  a  modern  writer  of  fiction 
would  hesitate  to  use  them. 


M.  PIERRE-PAUL  PLAN  is  issuing  in  a  handsome 

Jcrmi-          m-  an  edition  Hmited  to  350  copies,  a 

.Biblipgraphie     Rabelaisienne,'     consisting    of     a 

catalogue  raisonne"  descriptif  et  figure"  of  the 
editions  of  the  humourist  and  philosopher  pub- 
lished between  1532  and  1711.  It  will  contain  160 
facsimiles  of  titles,  portraits,  &c.,  and  will  be  an 
enviable  possession  to  all  true  Pantagruelists.  It 
is  obtainable  by  subscription  from  M.  Plan,  71  Rue 
Uaulaincourt,  Paris. 

MESSRS.  JACK  have  in  preparation  a  much  en- 
larged edition  of  Fairbairn's  '  Book  of  Crests.'  The 
ever-increasing  interest  in  heraldry,  resulting  in  the 
issue  of  new  grants  of  arms,  has  rendered  expedient 
a  complete  revision.  The  number  of  illustrations 
will  be  very  greatly  increased,  and  the  text,  con- 
sisting of  between  600  and  700  three-column  quarto 
pages,  has  been  thoroughly  revised,  brought  down 
to  date,  and  completely  reset.  The  work  will  be 
issued  in  November. 


to 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 
put  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
beading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "Duplicate." 

CLEMENT  ("Birth-date  of  Christ"). —  This  has 
been  discussed  at  great  length  in  'N.  &  Q  '  •  see 
8th  S.  v.  291;  viii.  465;  ix.  135,  175,  256,  309,  356 ; 
xi.  335,  436 ;  xii.  336, 393, 495  ;  9th  S.  i.  5, 174  ;  iv.  82^ 

.lot). 

NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
bo  "The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries ' "—Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Pub- 
isher"— at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  B.C. 

We  beg  leave  to  state  that  we  decline  to  return 
communications  which,  for  any  reason,  we  do  not 
print ;  and  to  this  rule  we  can  make  no  exception. 


io«>  s.  ii.  OCT.  s,  i9(H.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

-'—  -  -  -  ....  .  _..  ,u-_._       -  T-..-U 

FRANCIS     EDWARDS, 

BOOKSELLER, 

83,    HIGH    STREET,    MARYLEBONE, 

LONDON,     W. 


CATALOGUES     WILL    BE    SENT    GRATIS    ON 
APPLICATION. 


SHORT  LIST  of  ALPINE  BOOKS.  [^  ready. 


INDIA,  CEYLON,  and  BURMA.    Reports  and 

Papers.  [Just  ready. 

STANDARD  WORKS  and  REMAINDERS  at 

LOW  PRICES.     60  pages.  [New  List  just  ready. 

AMERICAN    CATALOGUE.     Fart   I.    nearly 

ready,  containing  Voyages  of  Discovery,  Maps,  Natural  History  , 
North  American  Indians,  &c.     72  pages. 


SPECIAL    OFFER. 

MAYO'S  MEDALS  and  DECORATIONS  of  the 

BRITISH  ARMY  and  NAVY.     Coloured  Plate.      2  vols.  8vo, 
published  31.  3s.  net,  for  18s. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         wo*  s.  n.  OCT.  s,  IOM. 

OXFORD     UNIVERSITY    PRESS. 
The   OXFORD    ENGLISH    DICTIONARY.     A   New   English 

Dictionary  on  Historical  Principles.     Founded  mainly  on  the  Materials  Collected  by  the  Philo- 
logical Society.     Edited  by  Dr.  JAMBS  A.  H.  MURRAY. 

Double  Section,    "  M— MANDRAGON."    Prepared  by  Dr.  HENRY  BRADLEY.     5*.     Reissue  in 
Monthly  Parts,  No.  64,  IMPERTINENCE— INCONVENIENTLY.     3*.  Qd. 

ASSER'S  LIFE  of  KING  ALFRED,  together  with  the  Annals 

of  Saint  Neots,  erroneously  ascribed  to  Asser.     Edited,  with  Introduction  and  Commentary   by 
WILLIAM  HENRY  STEVEN  (SON,  M.A.    Crown  8vo,  cloth,  12s.  net. 

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301 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  15, 


CONTENTS.-No.  42. 

NOTES  :— Punctuation  in  MSS.  and  Printed  Books,  301  — 
Webster  and  Sir  Philip  Sidney,  303— Southey's  'Omniana ' 
— Spelling  Reform,  305— "Peri,"  a  Guiana  Term— Prof. 
Wilson  and  Burns,  306— St.  Katharine's  by  the  Tower  of 
London— "  looker  "— Heverend  Ksquires,  307. 

QUERIES :— English  Graves  in  Italy— H  in  Cockney- 
Italian  Author  —  Edmunds,  307  —  Belphete  —  Holborn— 
Quotations,  English  and  Spanish,  308—  Cruikshank's 
Designs  for  'Tarn  o1  Shanter1— Wall :  Martin  —  Bdward 
Vere,  Earl  of  Oxford — "Grant  me,  indulgent  Heaven  " — 
First  Gentleman  in  Europe—  Roger  Casement  —  Gold- 
smith's 'Present  State  of  Polite  Learning'— S.  Bradford 
Edwards— Avalon,  309. 

REPLIES  :— The  Pelican  Myth.  310— The  Tricolour— Prin- 
cipal Tulliedeph  —  "  Silesias"  :  "  Pocketings"  —  Upton 
Snodsbury  Discoveries—  Journal  of  the  House  of  Com- 
mons—Mazzard  Fair,  312— Sex  before  Birth— Vaccination 
and  Inoculation— Storming  of  Fort  Moro — Potts  Family — 
Whitsunday  in  the  '  Anglo-Saxon  Chronicle,'  313— Pepys's 
'Diary':  a  Reference  — G.  Steinman  Steinman — Mes- 
merism in  the  Dark  Ages,  314— Disproportion  of  Sexes— 
"Sun  and  Anchor"  Inn— Mineral  Wells,  Streatham.  315 
— Y— Iktin,  316  —  Anahuac  —  Lemans  of  Suffolk— "  Free 
trade  "=Smuggling — Northern  and  Southern  Pronuncia- 
tion—Dean Milner,  317. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— Reich's  'Foundations  of  Modern 
Europe  '— McCall's  '  Story  of  the  Family  of  Wandesforde  ' 
— McKerrow's  'Works  of  Nashe '—Buckle's  'History  of 
Civilization '—' Kings'  Letters'— 'Gerald  the  Welshman' 
— '  Mother  Goose's  Melody '— '  The  Story  of  Arithmetic  '— 
'  Burlington  Magazine.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


PUNCTUATION   IN   MSS.   AND   PRINTED 
BOOKS. 

I  AM  indebted  to  the  courtesy  of  the  Court 
of  Governors  and  Librarians  of  Sion  College 
for  access  to  some  rare  MSS.  in  their  fine 
library ;  also  to  Mr.  A.  E.  Bernays  for 
some  references  kindly  supplied  to  Lindsay, 
Hirsche's  *  Thomas  a  Kempis,'  the  '  Oxford 
English  Dictionary,'  Skeat,  and  others,  and 
some  notes  which  I  have  embodied  herein. 

The  notes  which  are  appended  to  these 
remarks  were  made  in  an  attempt  to  answer 
at  once  some  questions  asked  by  friends  and 
pupils. 

1.  Is  the  explanation  of  the  dot  over  our  i 
correct  which  says  that  it  was  intended  to 
distinguish  the  letter  in  words  like  imminui- 
mini?     (The  'Oxford    English   Dictionary,' 
for  instance,  explains  it  in  this  way.) 

2.  Is  it  the  fact  that  6,  occurring,  e.g.,  in  a 
tenth-century  MS.  of  Plautus  (Edd.  B),  is  the 
origin    of    our   note    of    exclamation  ?     (So 
Prof.   Lindsay,  '  An   Introd.    to    Lat.   Text. 
Emend.,'  1896,  p.  57.) 

3.  Is  it  true  that  in  the  upper  part  of  our 
mark  of  interrogation  there  is  the  descendant 
of  a  letter  Q  (for  qucero  or  the  like)  ? 


4.  Are    we    to    see   in  our  ,   (in    comma, 
semicolon,  apostrophe,  quotation  mark)  the 
petrified  remains  of  something  once  signi- 
ficant, a  letter  or  part  of  a  wora  ? 

5.  Is  our  &  directly  traceable  to  et  ? 

6.  What   is  the    origin    of    the   mark    of 
diaeresis,  as  in  aerated,  cursed  ? 

7.  Is  the  modification  mark  in  German  ii 
of  the  same  origin  as  the  diaeresis  ? 

8.  Is  the  French    figure  for  5   the  same 
figure  as  our  own  ? 

9.  Was  the  old-fashioned  f =s  a  mistake  ? 

10.  What  is  the  full-stop  ?  and  the  colon  ? 

11.  Does  Jno  =  John  represent  a  MS.  inver- 
sion, and  may  it  be  compared  to  IHS=Jesus  1 

12.  Does  the  paragraph  mark  IF  stand  for 

13.  What    is    the     Greek     interrogation 
mark(;)? 

14.  Is  the  abbreviating  semicolon  in  old 
printing  (q;)  related  with  (3),  and  both  with 
z  in  viz.  1 

15.  Is    the    old  -  fashioned    ye  =  the    an 
archaism  1 

The  answers  to  the  questions,  taken  in 
order,  are  as  follows,  the  superior  figures 
referring  to  the  illustrations  at  the  end  of 
the  article : — 

1.  The  dot  on  the  i.— The  dotting  of  i  and 
of  u  is  sporadic  throughout  the  whole  of  our 
era,  and  in  the  earlier  papyri.     Even  the 
Greek  iotas  and  the  other  Latin  vowels  are 
found  surmounted  by  dots.      There    is  no 
general  rule  discoverable,   though   the  ten- 
dency is  to  confine  the  dotting  to  initial  i  and 
v.    The  dotting  in  the  earliest  and  in  the 
latest  centuries  is  by  double  dgts,  though  the 
single  dots  occur.     In  the  fifteenth  century 
we  have  :  a  Greek  MS.  with  i;  a  MS.  of  a 
Cretan   scribe  with  v  and  'i;  a  MS.  of  an 
^Eginetan  scribe  with  v  and   t  (undotted). 
After  this  the  printing  varies  between  single 
dots  and  omission  of  dots,  and  the  single- 
dotted  i  gradually  prevailed. 

The  reference  of  i  by  the  '  Oxford  English 
Dictionary'  to  i  (with  an  acute  accent)  is 
quite  untenable. 

2.  The  exclamation   mark  (!). — The  state- 
ment that  6  is  its  origin  is  made  by  Reusens, 
Chassant  (I  think),  and  W.  M.  Lindsay.    It 
is  made  in  each  case  quite  briefly,  and  with- 
out any  evidence  of  the  genealogy  of  the  sign. 
I  assume,  therefore,  that  the  assumption  has 
been  made,  nemine  contradicente,  simply.* 

It  is  just  possible  that  a  narrow  track  of 


*  Pronouncements  on  punctuation  are  often  made 
in  this  way.  The  subject  is  extremely  unsatis- 
factory, ana  scholars  have  hardly  thought  tedious 
investigation  worth  while,  perhaps. 


302 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       cio*  s.  n.  GOT.  is,  190*; 


manuscript  practice  leads  from  6  to  *,  but  it 
must  be  clearly  demonstrated.  Otherwise  one 
must  point  to  the  existence  of  l  as  the  very 
commonest  of  punctuation  marks,  used  for 
all  purposes,  from  the  ninth  century  to  the 
thirteenth  and  later  ;  to  slight  variations  of 
it  (2  is  the  commonest)  to  the  last  of  the  book 
manuscripts ;  to  /  as  the  mark  of  punctua- 
tion for  all  purposes  which  was  adopted  by 
the  German  printers ;  and  to  the  descent  of 
the  MS.  interrogation  mark  3  from  just  that 
simple  addition  of  a  tick  or  "  accent"  to  the 
point.  Then  one  must  ask  whether  it  is 
possible  to  maintain  that  so  artificial  a  form 
as  6  or  'o'  (where  no  o  was  present  in  the 
text)  could  have  held  on  its  way. 

Surely  not.      The    sign    !    is   a    modern* 
printers'  specialization  of  the  common  sign  4. 

3.  The  mark  of  interrogation. — The  forms 
taken  by  1  in  MSS.  are  shown  in  5  (in  nearly 
chronological  order).      But  then  this  sign  is 
not  confined  to  interrogative  sentences ;  e.g.  6 
is  used  as  a  very  strong  punctuation.     The 
occurrence  of  the  common  sign  2  (=comma 
or  semicolon)  after  an  interrogative  phrase 
is  very  frequent.     Thus  it  is  very  difficult  to 
maintain  that  any  of  those  signs  indicated  a 
consciousness  of  interrogation.     It  is  at  best 
a  specializing  of  the  common  2  (universal  for 
comma,  &c.) ;  and  the  ?  form  which  we  now 
use   is  first    found  regularly  used  in  early 
printing. 

4.  Our  comma  (and  the  same  mark  in  ;  in 
1 1  «»  »^ — jfc  j^g  no  individua]  history.     From 

the  beginning  of  Greek  writing  a  mark  )  has 
been  used  to  divide  letters  and  words,  when 
the  writer  specially  desired  to  do  so.  Thus  it 
came  commonly  to  be  used  in  ostraka,  papyri, 
and  manuscripts,  to  mark  abbreviation,  and 
for  every  similar  purpose.  It  is  generally 
curved,  like  most  of  the  strokes  of  hand- 
writing, but  no  doubt  the  simple  intent  was 
to  draw  a  line  of  separation.  This  is  the 
modern  apostrophe,  one  of  the  oldest  of 
signs.  But  who  can  say  whether  it  was  not 
reinvented  in  early  printing  ? 

In  the  MSS.  of  all  the  centuries  this  stroke 
is  used,  often  more  ornamental,  e  g.  7 ;  but 
never  by  any  fixed  rule.  It  was  not  the 
ordinary  comma-sign  of  the  Middle  Ages,  for 
that  was  4  or  /  .  This  last  form  is  used  as  a 
comma  in  early  German  print,  and  may  be 
the  immediate  parent  of  the  modern  curling 
comma. 

Our  quotation  marks  are  not  inverted  com- 
mas in  origin.  The  older  shapes  are  larger. 


*  The  actual  first  appearance  of  !  is  not  yet  traced 
but  it  occurs  in  modern  sixteenth-century  printers 
1567  is  the  earliest  I  have  found. 


Compare  the  French  forms  8  and  the  Ger- 
man 9.  The  use  of  the  comma  is  a  printers7 
usage  (for  their  own  convenience).  Cp.  '•  (the 
so-called  inverted  semicolon*)  used  to  repre- 
sent the  mediaeval 10.  The  semicolon  is  very 
old— ninth  century  at  least ;  it  is  not  a  semi- 
colon;  it  is  not  a  full-stop  over  a  comma  ;  it 
is  the  same  as  the  Greek  2  (^question),  and 
the  two  are  used  interchangeably  in  some 
MSS.  It  is  derived  from  nothing  but  itself. 

5.  &.— &  is  directly  traceable  to   et.     This 
is  one   of  the  few  signs   whose  origin   was 
understood   in   the   MSS.      It  is  constantly 
reclothed  in  shapes  of  e  and  t.     But  n  is  the 
Roman-letter    form    which     survived    from 
the   earliest    ligatured     ornamental    hands, 
while  12  and  l3  were  kept  for  italic  printing. 
Hence  respectively,  perhaps,  our  &  in  print, 
and  our  14  in  manuscript. 

6.  Diseresis    mark.  —  One    of    the    oldest 
marks.      But  its    indication   of  diaeresis    is 
modern.     In  some  very  early  MSS.  (e.g.,  fifth 
century)  there  seems  to  be  an  inclination  to 
prefer  %  and  v  when  they  are  initial  after  an 
unelided  vowel.    But  "  seems  to  be  an  incli- 
nation "  is  the  most  that  can  be  said.     Con- 
sistency in    the  use  of    such  marks    is  an 
entirely  modern  development. 

7.  The  modified  ii  in  German. — This  is  a 
case  of  suprascription,  I  think.  An  extremely 
ancient  form  of  E  is  15.     It  has  persisted  in 
German    hands,    16.      When     suprascript    ifc 
gradually  yielded   to  haste  and   became  lr. 
That  is  what  I  expect   to  find   in  a  closer 
study  of  the  documents  ;  but  I  do  not  speak 
"  by  the  book  "here. 

8.  The  French  18. — The  sixteenth-century 
form  of  5  is  19.     From  this   the  French  has 
become  *>  (=18),  and  the  English  5. 

9.  f=s. — The  two  shapes  existed   side  by 
side  in  the  early  centuries.     The  tall  form  is- 
the  parent  of  our  s  of  ordinary  script,  while 
the  s  is  unchanged. 

The  written  s  in  early  Merchant  Taylors* 
School  admission-rolls  is  21,  which  is  still  used 
in  German  handwriting  l22  and  English  23. 

10.  The  full-stop  and  colon. — The  full-stop 
begins  to  appear  on  the  line  about  the  sixth 
century.      But   at  first  it   was   the    lightest 
punctuation  mark,  and   remained    for  cen- 
turies unimportant  and  neglected.   The  colon 
was,    on    the    other    hand,    quite    common. 
The  high  and  middle  points  struggled  with 
them  both  until  printing  made  "  the  last  first," 
and  relegated  the  most  common  colon  to  use 
on  rare  occasions,  giving  the  then  vanquished 


*  There  is  nothing  like  an  inverted  semicolon  in 
the  MSS.  It  would  be  a  difficult  sign  to  make,  as- 
against  2- 


io"  s.  ii.  OCT.  i5,i9w.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


303 


high  point  its  coup  de  grdce.  Wycliffe's  Old 
Testament,  fifteenth  century,  still  uses  :  as 
the  principal  mark  (ornamented  M). 

11.  Jno  =  John. — This    has    some   modern 
origin,  probably  fanciful.  In  theMSS.Iwavvrys, 
Johannes,  Joannes,  &c.,  are  regularly  abbre- 
viated, but  always  with  the  first  two  letters 
in    proper    order,    lo.      Illustrations,    with 
dates,  from  Capelli  will  be  given  later. 

It  has  thus  nothing  in  common  with  IHS, 
which  is  nearly  as  old  as  our  era.  The  Greek 
forms  of  the  letters  of  the  first  parts  of 
XPI2TO2  and  of  IH20Y2  were  (from  rever- 
ence?) unchanged  in  passing  into  Latin  MSS. 
Hence  IHesum,  XPI  (Christi),  XPO  (Christo), 
&c.  (This  X  =  Chi  survives  in  Xmas,  which 
therefore  should  never  be  pronounced  or 
written  Xmas.)  Mr.  A.  E.  Bernays  writes : 
"  This  origin  of  IHS  is  prettily  put  by  Skeat 
in  his  Chaucer,  v.  179." 

12.  Paragraph,  IF.— This  is  not  a  P  turned 
round.      Cp.    the    fifteenth-century  printed 
form  *. 

13.  The  Greek  interrogation  (;).—  This  is 
a  ;  (semicolon).    It  is  a  mark  much  used  in 
mediaeval  MSS.,  especially  for  abbreviation. 
It  is  also  used   as  a  separate  punctuating 


mark,  and  sometimes  in  Greek  MSS.  The 
Laurentian  Sophocles  (Saec.  XI.)  has  some 
questions  marked  with  10,  some  without.  By 
tne  sixteenth  century  its  use  is  confined  to 
interrogation  and  is  quite  regular.  In  printed 
Greek  of  Venice,  early  sixteenth  century, 
we  have  ;  used  to  translate  Latin  a  (question 
mark),  while  remaining  punctuation  is  re- 
presented by  the  period. 

14.  ;  in  neq;  ™  in  M,  and  z  in  viz. — Yes,  they 
are  all  three  the  same.  ^  is  sometimes  hardly 
distinguishable  from  10. 

15.  y  in   ye  (=the)    is    not    a    conscious 
archaism  of  modern  printers.      Rather  it  is 
the  modernizing  of  a  very  late  survival  of 
)>  (  =  th).    The  printers  used  the  y  of  their 
founts  as  being  very  like  it,  just  as  quite 

Palseo- 
Science 
The 

correct  forms  (j>,  '•)  would  have  required  new- 
type,  so  the  most  approximate  were  chosen. 
From  this  it  follows  that  we  should  never 
pronounce  ye  (the)  as  ye,  but  always  as  the. 
F.  W.  G.  FOAT,  D.Lit. 
( To  be  continued.) 


rounts  as  oemg  very  iiKe  it,  just  as  q 
recent  printers  (see,  e.fl.,  Thompson's  'Pa 
graphy'  in  the  "International  Sci< 
Series")  have  printed  1  for  the  MS.  f. 


// 


// 


u 


7 


rt 


cx 


1 3. 


JOHN  WEBSTER  AND  SIR  PHILIP 
SIDNEY. 

(See  ante,  pp.  221,  261.) 

DYCE  has  noted  several  instances  of  the 
repetition  by  Webster  of  whole  lines,  and 
even  of  douole  lines,  in  his  various  works, 
and  it  is  by  no  means  a  difficult  task  to  add 
to  Dyce's  list.  These  repetitions  really  form 
part  of  a  long  series  of  notes,  carefully  pre- 
pared beforehand,  which  Webster  has  scattered 
throughout  his  writings.  They  stand  out 
from  the  rest  of  his  work,  and  are  easily 
recognized.  In  old  writings  such  sentences 
are  often  marked  by  a  hand  in  the  margin, 
to  denote  that  they  are  worthy  of  more  than 
passing  consideration  ;  or  they  might  be  put 
between  inverted  commas,  to  emphasize  their 


wit  or  wisdom.  Sometimes  they  are  brought 
in  very  awkwardly,  and  do  not  harmonize 
with  surrounding  matter ;  and  sometimes 
the  speakers  follow  up  their  wise  saws  by 
remarks  which  indicate  very  plainly  that 
they  are  conscious  of  having  given  utterance 
to  something  beyond  the  common.  But, 
whether  awkwardly  introduced  or  otherwise, 
these  notes,  whether  cast  into  the  form  of 
proverbs  or  shaped  to  rime,  stand  out  from 
the  text  and  rivet  one's  attention.  I  will 
deal  with  some  of  these  notes,  and  show  that 
in  many  cases  they  should  be  put  between 
inverted  commas,  not  merely  to  show  up 
their  wisdom  or  beauty,  but  because  they  are 
actually  quotations  pure  and  simple. 

Let  us  take  one  of  the  repetitions  noted  by 
Dyce  and  trace  it  to  its  source :— 


304 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  H.  OCT.  is,  IQM. 


•Contarino.  I  am  ever  bound  to  you 
For  many  special  favours. 

Leonora.  Sir,  your  fame  renders  you 
Most  worthy  of  it. 

Cont.  It  could  never  have  got 
A  sweeter  air  to  fly  in  than  your  breath. 

'  The  Devil's  Law-Case,'  I.  i.  142-7. 
The  last  line,  except  for  one  word,  is  to  be 
found  in  'A  Monumental  Column  ':— 
Never  found  prayers,  since   they  convers'd  with 

death, 
A  sweeter  air  to  fly  in  than  his  breath. 

J_jl.  L,^lj  — — --• 

The  sentiment  and  its  phrasing  are  taken 
from  the  'Arcadia,'  book  ii.,  where  Dorus 
addresses  Pamela  in  most  courtly  style  : — 

"  But  most  sure  it  is  that,  as  his  fame  could  by 
no  means  get  so  sweet  and  noble  air  to  fly  in  as  in 
your  breath,  so,"  &c. 

The  passage,  as  shown  by  Dyce,  is  imitated 
by  Massinger;  but  that  is  not  strange,  for 
Massinger  knew  his ' Arcadia'  almost  by  heart. 

The  following  is  a  sentence  which  reads 
like  a  proverb,  but  it  is  only  a  quotation  from 
Sidney  :— 

Angiolella.  If  you  will  believe  truth, 
There 's  naught  more  terrible  to  a  guilty  heart 
Than  the  eye  of  a  respected  friend. 

'The  Devil's  Law-Case,'  V.  I.  8-10. 

Note  Webster's  "  If  you  will  believe  truth  "  • 
the  words  imply  a  reference  to  a  proverb 
generally  known.  But  I  will  quote  :— 

Pyrodes  [to  Musidorus].  But  my  wishes  grew 
into  unquiet  longings,  and  knowing  that  to  a  heart 
resolute  counsel  is  tedious,  and  reprehension  loath- 
some, and  that  there  is  nothing  more  terrible  to  a 
guilty  heart  than  the  eye  of  a  respected  friend,  &c. 
—Book  i. 

Again,  note  the  "has  still  been  held"  in 
the  following  :— 

Leonora.  For  man's  experience  has  still  been  held 
Woman's  best  eyesight.  . 

'  The  Devil's  Law-Case,'  1. 1.  200,  201. 

Compare  :— 

•Cecropia  [to  Philoclea].  For,  believe  me,  niece, 
believe  me,  man's  experience  is  woman's  best  eye- 
sight.—Book  iii. 

In  the  same  part  of  the  'Arcadia'  Dorus  is 
said  to  have 
"wandered  half  mad  for  sorrow  in  the  woods,  cry- 
ing for  pardon  of  her  who  could  not  hear  him,  but 
indeed  was  grieved  for  his  absence,  having  given  the 
.wound  to  him  through  her  own  heart." 
The  phrase   pleased  Webster,    hence    these 
speeches  :— 

Leonora.  You  have  given  him  the  wound  you 

speak  of 
Ouite  thorough  your  mother's  heart. 

•ThS  Devil's  Law-Case,'  III.  iii.  249,  250. 

Clare.  O,  you  have  struck  him  dead  thorough 
heart !— '  A  Cure  for  a  Cuckold,'  IV.  ii.  33. 

But  the  parallels  with  the  'Arcadia'  n 
'The  Devil's  Law-Case'  are  few  and  far  be 


}ween,  and  utterly  different  from  those  which 
can  be  cited  from  '  The  Duchess  of  Malfi '  and 

A  Monumental  Column.' .  Very  rarely  do  we 
Eind  Webster  in  the  former  play  imitating  the 
*  Arcadia ';  he  merely  quotes  from  it,  or  makes 
use  of  passages  that  he  had  noted  down  when 
reading  the  book.  But  the  imitation  of  Sidney 
in  the  other  two  pieces  is  constant,  and  bits 
of  the  'Arcadia'  come  together  "huddle  on 
huddle."  The  inference  to  be  drawn  seems 
obvious,  especially  when  viewed  in  relation 
to  the  external  evidence  which  is  to  hand 
concerning  the  dates  of  the  plays  and  poem 
and  their  internal  relation  to  each  other. 

The  Duchess  of  Malfi'  and  'A  Monumental 
Column '  were  produced  about  the  same  time, 
and  followed,  after  a  somewhat  lengthy 
interval,  by  '  The  Devil's  Law-Case.' 

A  case  of  "huddle  on  huddle"  occurs  in 
the  first  speech  of  Bosola  in  'The  Duchess  of 
Malfi,'  IV.  i.  3-9.  This  speech  is  made  up  of 
three  passages  of  the  '  Arcadia,'  two  of  which 
I  quoted  in  my  first  paper.  The  following 
completes  and  accounts  for  the  remainder  of 
the  speech  :— 
Bosola.  She 's  sad  as  one  long  us'd  to  't,  and  she 

seems 

Rather  to  welcome  the  end  of  misery 
Than  shun  it. 

In  Sidney  thus  : — 

"  But  Erona,  sad  indeed,  yet  like  one  rather  used 
than  new  fallen  to  sadness,  as  who  had  the  joys  of 
her  heart  already  broken,  seemed  rather  to  welcome 
than  to  shun  that  end  of  misery,"  &c. — Book  ii. 

Sidney  contrasts  the  bearing  of  Erona  and 
her  unworthy  husband  in  affliction  : — 

"  For  Antiphilus,  that  had  no  greatness  but  out- 
ward, that  taken  away,  was  ready  to  fall  faster 
than  calamity  could  thrust  him,  with  fruitless 
begging  of  life,"  &c. — Book  ii. 

When  Bosola  is  about  to  stab  the  Cardinal 
the  latter  cries,  "  O,  mercy  ! "  Bosola  replies  : 
Now  it  seems  thy  greatness  was  only  outward  ; 
For  thou  fall'st  faster  of  thyself  than  calamity 
Can  drive  thee. 

'  The  Duchess  of  Malfi,'  V.  v.  55-8. 
At  the  beginning  of  the  same  scene,  where 
Bosola  enters  bearing  Antonio's  body,   the 
Cardinal  greets  him  by  saying  : — 
Thou  look'st  ghastly : 

There  sits  in  thy  face  some  great  determination 
Mix'd  with  some  fear. — LI.  8-10. 

Webster's  mind  was  so  full  of  the  '  Arcadia ' 
that  he  could  nob  help  reproducing  its 
phrases  : — 

"  Euarchus  passed  through  them  like  a  man  that 
did  neither  disdain  a  people,  nor  yet  was  anything 
tickled  with  their  flatteries,  but,  always  holding 
his  own,  a  man  might  read  a  constant  determina- 
tion in  his  eyes."— Book  v. 

CHAS.  CRAWFORD. 
(To  be  continued.) 


ii.  OCT.  is,  1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


305 


SOUTHEY'S  '  OMNIANA,'  1812. 

IN  the  *  Bibliography  of  Coleridge,'  which 
was  published  by  Mr.  Frank  Rollings  in  1900, 
and  lor  which  I  was  in  part  responsible,  this 
book  was  described — not  de  visu,  but  on 
excellent  authority — as  having  been  "  Printed 
for  Gale  &  Curtis,  Paternoster  Row."  This 
description  was  followed  by  Dr.  John  Louis 
Haney  in  his  recently  issued  *  Bibliography 
of  Samuel  Taylor  Coleridge,'  Philadelphia, 
1903,  p. 39.  It  has,  however,  been  characterized 
as  an  error  in  the  notice  of  Dr.  Haney's  book 
which  appeared  in  the  Athenaeum  for  16  April, 
p.  498,  the  reviewer  saying  by  way  of 
correction  that  **  *  Omniana '  appeared 
anonymously  and  from  the  house  of  Long- 
man, Hurst,  Rees,  Orme  <fe  Brown." 

There  is  no  doubt  that  the  majority  of 
copies  of  '  Omniana '  bear  on  the  title-page 
the  statement,  "  Printed  for  Longman,  Hurst, 
Rees,  Orme,  and  Brown,  Paternoster  Row." 
Nevertheless,  there  are  grounds  for  thinking 
that  that  firm  were  not  the  original  pub- 
lishers of  the  book,  and  that  the  biblio- 
graphers may  after  all  be  right. 

If  a  copy  of  *  Omniana '  in  the  original 
boards  is  carefully  examined,  it  will  be  seen 
that  the  half-title  and  title-page  of  the  first 
volume,  and  the  title-page  of  the  second 
volume,  do  not  form  part  of  the  first  octavo 
sheet,  but  have  been  separately  pasted  in. 
Had  these  been  the  original  half-title  and 
title-pages,  it  is  reasonable  to  suppose  that 
they  would  have  formed  a  part  of  the 
preliminary  sheet,  which  contains  the  table 
of  "  Contents."  The  second  volume  does  not 
possess  a  half-title. 

Further  inspection  will  show  that  while 
the  imprint  on  the  last  page  of  the  first 
volume  is  "  Pople,  Miller,  &  Co.  Printers, 
London,"  the  imprint  on  the  verso  of  the  half- 
title  is  "  W.  Pople,  Printer,  67  Chancery  Lane." 
This  latter  imprint  appears  on  the  verso  of  the 
title-page,  and  at  the  bottom  of  the  last  page, 
of  the  second  volume.  Had  the  two  volumes 
been  printed  at  the  same  time,  they  would 
naturally  have  had  the  same  imprint.  The 
fact  that  W.  Pople's  imprint  is  on  the  verso 
of  the  title-page  of  this  volume,  instead  of, 
as  in  the  first  volume,  on  the  verso  of  the 
half-title,  affords  strong  evidence  that  the 
second  volume  never  had  a  half-title.  And  it 
is  pretty  clear  that  originally  the  first  volume 
had  no  half-title,  because  in  both  volumes 
the  "  Contents "  begin  on  p.  [iii],  the  title- 
leaf  consisting  of  pp.  [i,  ii].  Had  there  been 
originally  a  half-title  to  the  first  volume,  the 


half-title,  one  unnumbered  leaf;  title-page, 
pp.  [i,  ii] ;  "Contents,"  pp.  [iii]-ix. 

From  these  facts  it  may  be  inferred  that 
after  the  first  volume  had  been  printed  off, 
and  while  the  second  was  passing  through 
the  press,  Pople  dissolved  partnership  with 
Miller,  and  that  during  the  same  period  the 
original  publishers  transferred  the  book  to 
Messrs.  Longman,  whereupon  the  old  title- 
pages  were  cancelled  and  new  ones  substi- 
tuted. A  few  copies  with  the  original  title- 
pages  may  have  got  into  circulation. 

There  is  independent  evidence  in  support 
of  this  view.  'Omniana'  was  published  in 
October,  1812,  but  it  had  been  under  way  for 
considerably  over  a  year.  A  month  after  its 
publication,  Southey  wrote  that  "Coleridge 
kept  the  press  waiting  fifteen  months  for  an 
unfinished  article,  so  that  at  last  I  ordered 
the  sheet  in  which  it  was  begun  to  be  can- 
celled, in  despair"  ('Letters  of  Robert 
Southey,'  ii.  299,  5  November,  1812). 

A  shaky  firm  like  Gale  &  Curtis  probably 
could  not  support  this  long  interval  of  wait- 
ing, and  so  the  sheets  were  made  over  to 
Longmans.  Not  long  afterwards  Gale  dis- 
solved partnership  with  Curtis,  who  took  up 
an  independent  printing  business.  Gale 
entered  into  partnership  with  Rest  Fenner, 
who  was  the  publisher  of  'Zapplya'  and 
'  Sibylline  Leaves,'  but  this  association  did 
not  last  long.  Coleridge's  tragedy  'Remorse,' 
which  appeared  in  1813,  was  printed  "for" 
and  "  by  "  the  same  William  Pople  who  had 
printed  'Omniana'  the  previous  year. 

With  regard  to  the  question  of  anonymity, 
it  is  true  that  Southey's  name  does  not 
appear  on  the  title-page  of  the  book,  but  the 
printed  back-label  in  both  volumes  reads  : 
"Southey's  |  Omniana.  |  Vol.  I.  [II.]."  A 
book  which  bears  the  name  of  the  author  on 
the  back  can  scarcely  be  said  to  have  appeared 
anonymously.*  W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

SPELLING  REFORM.— This  is  a  subject  which 
bristles  with  such  enormous  difficulties  that 
success  is  practically  impossible.  I  refer,  of 
course,  to  (using  a  now  misleading  phrase) 
the  "vulgar  tongue,"  and  the  reference  is 
prompted  by  a  perusal  of  the  useful  and 
interesting  little  volume  'Rules  for  Com- 
positors and  Readers  at  the  University  Press, 
Oxford,'  by  Mr.  Horace  Hart,  M.A.,  under 
the  sanction  and  with  the  aid  of  Drs.  Murray 
and  Bradley.  The  booklet  is  in  its  seven- 

*  'Omniana'  bears  a  distant  resemblance  to 
'N.  &  Q.,'  but  it  differs  in  this  particular:  that 
there  is  perhaps  more  learned  nonsense  in  it  than 
can  be  found  in  any  other  book,  except  Southey'a 
Commonplace  Books. 


306 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       uo*  s.  n.  OCT.  is,  im. 


teenth  private  and  third  public  edition,  and 
is  in  every  way  admirable  as  a  guide  for,  as 
the  preface  states,  "  compositors  and  readers 
at  the  Clarendon  Press."  I  have  no  objection 
to  its  being  "offered  to  so  much  of  the 
general  public  as  is  interested  in  the  techni- 
calities of  typography,  or  wishes  to  be  guided 
to  a  choice  amidst  alternative  spellings." 
As  such  it  is  a  welcome  step  in  the  direction 
of  a  much-needed  reform,  and  can  thus  only 
make  for  good.  But  it  is  only  a  tentative 
measure,  and  its  norma  scribendi  will  hardly 
meet  with  general  acceptance.  This,  of 
course,  is  the  initial  fate  of  most  attempts  at 
reform  in  any  sphere  of  activity.  Yet  there 
is  something  to  be  said  for  opposition,  apart 
from  mere  literary  conservatism.  Thus  the 
substitution  of  z  for  s  in  many  instances  (e.g., 
anglicize,  catechize,  &c.)  will  be  objectionable 
to  many,  although  Dr.  Murray's  protest  (p.  9) 
"  against  the  unscholarly  habit  of  omitting  e 
from  abridgement,  acknowledgement,  judgement, 
lodgement,"  will  find  acceptance  with  many 
more;  and  the  compiler's  injunction  against 
phonetic^spellings  (such  as  program,  catalog, 
&c.)  is  timely.  Also  with  the  use  of  italics 
in  foreign  words  and  phrases  I  am  fully  in 
accord,  as  with  the  moderate  employment  of 
capitals.  Mr;  Mprley,  under  this  latter  head, 
in  his  otherwise  incomparable  '  Life  of  Glad- 
stone,' has,  I  fear,  declined  to  the  opposite 
extreme.  We  need  not  copy  the  German 
system  of  printing  almost  every  noun  with 
an  initial  capital ;  but  such  words  as  Home 
Rule,  Parliament,  House  of  Commons,  <fec., 
require  it.  But — and  herein  lies  my  chiefest 
grievance  against  this  otherwise  estimable 
effort — this  little  book  of  rules  forces  itself 
Autocratically  upon  authors  who  submit  their 
works  to  the  University  Press  for  publication. 
A  noteworthy  sample  of  this  procedure  occurs 
-at  p.  12,  in  a  note  on  the  word  "  forgo  ": — 

"  In  1896  Mr.  W.  E.Gladstone,  not  being  aware  of 
this  rule,  wished  to  include,  in  a  list  of  errata  for 
insertion  in  vol.  ii.  of  Butler's  '  Works,'  an  altera- 
tion of  the  spelling,  in  vol.  i.,  of  the  word  'forgo.' 
On  receipt  of  his  direction  to  make  the  alteration, 
I  sent  Mr.  Gladstone  a  copy  of  Skeat's  k  Dictionary ' 
to  show  that  'forgo,'  in  the  sense  in  which  he  was 
using  the  word,  was  right,  and  could  not  be  cor- 
rected ;  but  it  was  only  after  reference  to  Dr. 
J.  A.  H.  Murray  that  Mr.  Gladstone  wrote  to  me, 
'Personally  I  am  inclined  to  prefer  "  forego,"  on  its 
merits ;  but  authority  must  carry  the  day.  /  give 
in.' " 

This  is  precisely  what,  pace  Drs.  Skeat  and 
Murray,  I  should  not  have  done.  The 
Periodical  for  June  may  be  right  in  saying, 
"That  any  one  so  tenacious  as  Mr.  Gladstone 
should  surrender  to  the  '  Rules '  is  their  best 
testimonial";  but  even  this  eminent  sur- 
render fails,  in  my  judgment,  to  justify  an 


intolerable  manipulation,  by  any  compositors 
of  any  printing  firm,  howevef*  illustrious,  of 
an  author's  choice  of  spelling.  Besides,  in 
this  particular  case,  I  question  strongly  the 
substitution  of  forgo  im  forego.  Why  eliminate 
the  e  ?  To  forego  is  to  do  without,  to  pass 
over,  which  forgo  does  not,  I  submit,  imply 
as  accurately.  Forgo  may  be  strained  to 
mean  "instead  of";  but  it  would  more 
naturally  be  led  to  indicate  the  slang  ex- 
pression "  to  go  for."  I  for  one  should  think 
twice  before  submitting  a  MS.  to  the  tender 
mercies  of  such  ruthless  and  arbitrary 
treatment.  Still,  these  'Rules'  enforced 
upon  the  compositors  and  readers  of  the 
Oxford  University  Press  are  distinctly  pre- 
ferable to  either  the  American  or  Furnivall 
methods.  Honor  and  tho,  linkt  and  sufferd, 
lookt,  &c.,  are  abominations  which  no  com- 
positor should  put  in  type. 

J.  B.  McGovERN. 
St.  Stephen's  Rectory,  C.-on-M.,  Manchester. 

[A  note  on  the  back  of  the  title-page  of  the 
'Rules,'  fifteenth  edition,  states:  "The  following 
Rules  are  to  apply  generally ;  but  directions  to  the 
contrary  may  be  given  in  some  cases."] 

"PERI,"  A  GTJIANA  TERM. — Homonyms  are 
always  interesting  to  the  lexicographer,  and 
the  above,  which  has  nothing  to  do  with  the 
peri  who  stood  at  the  gate  of  Eden,  may  be 
of  interest  to  Dr.  Murray,  who  is  now  engaged 
upon  Pe-.  It  is  the  name  given  by  the  Eng- 
lish in  Guiana  to  a  notorious  fish,  which 
naturalists,  from  the  resemblance  of  its  jaw 
to  a  saw,  call  Serra-salmo.  For  a  similar 
reason  the  Tupis,  or  native  Indians  of  Brazil, 
called  it  piraya  or  piranha.  The  interchange 
of  y  and  nh  in  this  term  is  very  old.  As  far 
back  as  1648  Marcgrave,  in  his  'Hist.  Nat. 
Brasilise,'  p.  164,  described  the  fish  under 
the  head  *  Piraya  et  Piranha.'  The  colonists 
of  British  Guiana  seem  never  to  have  used 
the  second  form,  but  only  the  first,  which 
they  cut  down  to  peri.  The  Portuguese  of 
Brazil  do  just  the  contrary,  that  is,  they 
treat  piranha  as  the  standard  orthography, 
and  piraya  as  a  mere  vulgarism. 

JAMES  PLATT,  Jun. 

PROF.  WILSON  AND  BURNS.— In  his  article 
on  Prof.  Wilson  in  the  'D.N.B.,'  Dr.  Garnett 
says  :  "  Of  a  later  date  were  some  excel- 
lent papers  entitled  '  Dies  Boreales,'  his  last 
literary  labour  of  importance,  and  an  edition 
of  Burns."  One  of  the  few  thoroughly  sound 
and  intimate  disquisitions  on  Burns  in  the 
language  is  the  essay  entitled  '  The  Genius 
and  Character  of  Burns,'  in  vol.  iii.  of 
Wilson's  'Essays  Critical  and  Imaginative.' 
This  eloquent  and  sympathetic  appreciation 


ii.  OCT.  is,  1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


307 


was  a  feature  of  Messrs.  Blackie's  *  Works 
of  Robert  Bu^ns,'  issued  in  1843,  but  not 
edited  by  Wttson.  The  association  of  the 
names  in  this  edition  of  the  poet  may  have 

Srompted  Dr.  Garnstt's  inference.    A  text  of 
urns  prepared  and  perhaps  annotated    by 
Christopher  North  would  indeed  have  been 
a  literary  monument  of  extraordinary  value. 

THOMAS  BAYNE. 

ST.  KATHARINE'S  BY  THE  TOWER  OF  LONDON. 
—Above  an  engraving  by  Hollar  of  the  church 
of  St.  Katharine  by  the  Tower  of  London  is  a 
coat  of  arms,  on  a  shield  a  lion,  the  crest 
a  stork,  and  a  label  with  these  words:  "In 
filialem  erga  Ecclesiam  Anglicanam  honorem 

Gulielmus  Petit  Eboracensis hoc  posuit." 

Does  this  mean  that  the  engraving  was  at  his 
expense  ? 

Upon  the  splendid  tomb  of  John  Holland, 
Duke  of  Exeter,  1447,  removed  from  the  old 
St.  Katharine's  to  the  present  chapel  in  the 
Regent's  Park,  is  a  record  that  *'  the  remains 
of  the  duke  and  his  two  wives,  and  of  all 
other  persons  whose  monuments  and  grave- 
stones were  placed  in  the  present  chapel  in 
1829,  were  interred  in  the  chapel."  So  far  as 
I  know,  we  have  no  record  of  now  and  where 
in  the  chapel  these  coffins  were  buried.  No 
coffins  are  under  the  tomb.  I  imagine  that 
the  coffins  brought  from  the  old  church  were 
deposited  in  one  large  vault  and  permanently 
closed.  There  is  a  vault  under  the  east  end 
of  the  chapel,  in  which  are  the  coffins  of  Sir 
Herbert  Taylor  and  other  persons  connected 
with  St.  Katharine's  since  1829 ;  but  there 
are  in  it  no  ancient  coffins. 

(Rev.)  SEVERNE  MAJENDIE. 

2,  St.  Katharine's  Precincts,  Regent's  Park. 

"TooKER." — Persons  engaged  in  the  woollen 
trade  in  Devonshire  were  known  as  tuckers, 
•weavers,  and  fullers.  May  not  "tooker" 
(see  ante,  p.  258,  review  of  Mr.  Wainwright's 
'Barnstaple  Parish  Registers')  be  a  corrup- 
tion of  tucker  ?  A.  J.  DAVY. 

Torquay. 

REVEREND  ESQUIRES.  —  At  9th  S.  xi.  422 
A.  S.  points  out  that  in  works  published  in 
1654  and  1656  Walter  Montagu,  though  then 
Abbot  of  Nanteuil,  and  saia  to  be  a  priest, 
'*  retains  the  courtesy  title  of  a  layman,  viz., 
'  Honourable '  and  '  Esquire.' "  At  9th  S.  xii. 
77  I  showed  that  at  the  present  day,  if  an 
*'  Honourable"  is  ordained,  he  does  not  drop 
that  title,  but  I  said  that  I  knew  no  example 
of  a  priest  styling  himself  "Esquire,"  nor 
have  I  since  come  across  any  such  case ;  but 
Anglican  clergymen  have  certainly  been 
called  by  this  title.  For  example,  the  Times 
of  20  July,  at  p.  3,  quotes  a  passage  from  the 


Times  of  1804,  in  which  mention  is  made  of 
"the  Reverend  John  Home  Tooke,  Esq., 
alias  Parson  Home  of  Brentford." 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

ENGLISH  GRAVES  IN  ITALY. —  I  subjoin  a 
rough  translation  of  a  letter  from  an  Italian 
priest  which  has  been  sent  to  me  :— 

Macerate,  Prov.  di  Marche,  Italy. 

On  10  December,  1842,  there  died  in  this  town  a 
certain  Mrs.  Catherine,  native  of  London,  wife  of 
Mr.  John  Watts,  and  not  being  a  Roman  Catholic, 
she  was  buried  in  the  open  country,  near  a  small 
church  called  "  La  Pace,  in  a  tomb  raised  by  the 
daughter,  also  called  Catherine,  like  the  mother. 
This  tomb  is  now  reduced  to  such  a  miserable  con- 
dition that  there  is  cause  for  fear  that  very  soon 
the  remains  will  be  dispersed  of  this  lady,  who 
when  dying  left  such  a  name  for  charity  and  piety 
in  our  town.  To  avoid  such  a  profanation,  I  should 
like  to  communicate  with  members  of  the  family  to 
interest  them  in  providing  for  the  tomb. 

If  this  letter  does  not  meet  the  eye  of  any 
descendant  or  relation  of  the  above-named, 
is  there  any  fund  or  society  which  might  be 
applied  to  in  this  case  1        A.  S.  ALTHAM. 
St.  Michael's  Parsonage,  Axbridge,  Somerset. 

H  IN  COCKNEY,  USE  OR  OMISSION.— Can 
you,  or  any  of  your  readers,  kindly  tell  me 
when  the  dropping  of  the  aspirate  first 
became  a  distinctive  characteristic  of  the 
cockney  ? 

I  notice  that,  though  Shakespeare  gives  us 
characters  speaking  in  broken  English,  and 
with  Scotch,  Irish,  and  Welsh  dialects,  he 
never  once  attempts  the  cockney,  in  spite  of 
the  number  of  representative  Londoners  he 
introduces  to  us.  Coming  from  the  country 
as  he  did,  he  must  have  noticed  the  accent  of 
the  Londoner,  and  it  is  remarkable  that  he 
has  nowhere  even  hinted  at  it. 

IAN  ROBERTSON. 

ITALIAN  AUTHOR. — I  own  MS.  No.  16,357 
from  the  library  of  Sir  Thomas  Phillipps, 
'Vita  da  Catherina  Sforza  de'  Medici,  com- 
posta  da  Fabio  Oliva  Forti'  (Forsi  ?),  pp.  162. 
Can  any  reader  of  'N.  &  Q.'  tell  me  who 
Fabio  Oliva  Forti  was,  and  where  an  account 
of  his  life  can  be  found  ? 

FREDERIC  ROWLAND  MARVIN. 

537,  Western  Avenue,  Albany,  N.Y. 

EDMUNDS.— Particulars  (with  pedigree,  if 
possible)  of  the  "Edmunds  "  who  signed  the 


308 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  IL  OCT.  15,  im. 


charter  of  the  Royal  Geographical  Society 
would  very  much  oblige. 

(Rev.)  B.  W.  BLIN-STOYLE. 
Daventry. 

BELPHETE.— Can  any  of  your  readers  tell 
me  where  this  name  occurs  in  the  works  of 
Prior?  H.  C-s. 

HOLBORN.— On  p.  10  of  Mr.  George  Clinch's 
'Marylebone  and  St.  Pancras'  (1890)  it  is 
written  : — 

"The  'Hole-bourne'  (Stream),  from  whence  we 
get  the  ancient  name  Oldburn,  and  the  modern 
name  Holborn,  arose  in  and  around  the  ponds  at 
Hampstead  and  Highgate,  and  after  a  meandering 
course  through  Kentish  Town,  Camden  Town 
(where  the  two  main  branches  united  and  made  one 
channel),  Somers  Town,  Battle  Bridge,  Farringdon 
Road,  and  Farringdon  Street,  and  so  into  the 
Thames  at  the  place  where  Blackfriars  Bridge 
spans  the  river.  It  was  subsequently  called  the 
Fleet  River." 
And  on  p.  146  : — 

"  '  Holebourne'  is  the  ancient  form  of  the  name, 
and  Holburn  is  a  corruption  of  it.  Throughout  its 
course,  its  physical  character  justified  its  name.  It- 
was  strictly  the  brook  or  bourne  in  the  hole  or 
hollow." 

At  what  date  did  the  name  cease  to  be 
applied  to  the  stream  and  become  identified 
with  the  road?  It  would  appear  that  the 
road  was  known  as  Oldborne  as  early  as  1297 
(see  Stow's  '  Survey  of  London,'  ed.  by  Thorns, 
1876,  p.  144),  and  as  Holeburn  in  1303  and 
again  in  1307. 

On  14  March,  1303,  the  king,  "out  of 
devotion  to  the  Blessed  Virgin  Etheldreda," 
to  whom  the  Ely  Chapel  is  dedicated, 
"granted  a  licence  for  Robert,  Bishop  of  Ely,  to 
hold  in  mortmain  a  messuage  and  nine  cottages  in 
the  Street  (vico)  of  Holeburn  in  the  suburb  of  the 
city  of  London,  late  of  John  de  Kyrkeby,  sometime 
Bishop  of  Ely,  and  bequeathed  to  that  church  by 
his  will"  (Pat.  31  Ed.  I.,  m.  31  ;  'Gal.  Pat.  Rolls, 
Ed.  I.,  1301-7,'  p.  125). 

In  1307  (4  June)  a  commission  under  the 
Great  Seal  was  granted  to  Roger  de  Brabazon, 
Ralph  de  Sandwyco,  and  John  le  Blund, 
Mayor  of  the  City  of  London,  to  associate 
with  themselves  the  more  discreet  of  the 
Aldermen,  and 

"survey  the  water-course  of  Flete  running  under 
the  Bridge  of  Holeburn  to  the  Thames,  which  is 
said  to  be  obstructed  and  straitened  by  mud  and 
nlth  being  thrown  into  it,  and  by  the  new  raising 
of  a  quay  by  the  Master  and  Brethren  of  the  New 
Temple,  London,  for  their  mills  on  the  Thames  by 
Castle  Baignard,  so  that  boats  with  corn,  wine, 
nrewood,  and  other  necessaries  cannot  go  from  the 
lhames  by  means  of  the  water-course  as  they  have 
been  accustomed,  and  to  cause  the  obstructions  to 
be  removed  by  those  they  think  liable,  and  the 
water-course  to  be  made  as  broad  and  deep  as 
anciently  it  used  to  be"  (Pat.  35  Ed.  I.,  m  9d  • 
'Gal.  Pat.  Rolls,  Ed.  I.,  1301-7,'  p.  548). 


Stow  refers  to  the  stream  as  Old  bourne  or 
Hilborne,  to  the  road  as  High  Oldborne  Hill, 
and  to  the  bridge  as  Oldbourne  Bridge 
('Survey  of  London,'  ed.  Thorns,  1876,  pp.  5, 
7,  11). 

What  other  authority  is  there  for  the- 
derivation  of  Holborn  from  the  hole  or 
hollow  in  which  the  stream  ran?  I  think 
I  have  somewhere  seen  a  suggestion  that  the 
hill  was  called  "  Oldborne  Hill "  on  account 
of  the  fact  that  it  had  of  old  been  the  custom 
for  those  who  were  condemned  to  the  gallows 
at  Tyburn  to  be  borne  up  it  on  their  way 
there.  Can  this  be  so  ?  May  not  the  stream 
have  been  the  holy  bourne,  and  the  road  th& 
holy  bourne  road,  along  which  pilgrims  would 
pass  from  the  City  by  Newgate  to  the  shrines 
of  Our  Lady  at  Gospel  Oak,  Muswell  Hill, 
and  Willesden  ?  As  to  the  shortened  spelling 
of  the  word,  are  not  similar  instances  to  be* 
found  in  Holbeck  for  Holebeck,  and  Holbrook 
for  Holebrook  ? 

Since  writing  the  above  I  have  referred  to 
Isaac  Taylor's  '  Words  and  Places,'  and  in  a 
note  on  pp.  186-7  he  writes  : — 

"The  'Old  Bourne,'  or  burn,  is  the  etymology  of 
4  The  Holburn'  which  is  universally  given — thought- 
lessly copied,  according  to  the  usual  custom,  by  one- 
writer  from  another.  That  a  village  or  town  should 
be  called  Oldham,  Aldborough,  or  Newton,  is  in- 
telligible, but  how  a  name  like  Oldbourne  should 
have  arisen  is  difficult  to  explain.  The  introduc- 
tion of  the  h  is  another  difficulty  in  the  way  of  this 
etymology.  It  seems  far  more  in  accordance  with 
etymological  laws  to  refer  the  name  to  the  Anglo- 
Saxon  hole,  a  hollow  or  ravine ;  the  Holborn  will, 
therefore,  be  '  the  burn  in  the  hollow,'  like  the 
Holbeck  in  Lincolnshire,  and  the  Holbec  in  Nor- 
mandy." 

H.  W.  UNDERDO  WN. 

[Our  correspondent  should  consult  the  articles  at 
8th  S.  ix.  185,  289,  369,  437  :  x.  15 ;  xii.  310 ;  9th  S.  i. 
48.  At  the  last  reference  COL.  PRIDEAUX  supports 
the  etymology  favoured  by  Isaac  Taylor.  ] 

QUOTATIONS,  ENGLISH  AND  SPANISH.— Can 
any  reader  tell  me  the  name  of  the  old 
English  poet  who  wrote  the  following 
lines  ? — 

With  mind  unwearied  still  will  I  engage 
In  spite  of  failing  vigour  and  of  age, 
Nor  quit  the  conflict  till  I  quit  the  stage. 

What  Spanish  poet  wrote 

Dod  besos  tengo  en  el  alma 
Que  no  se  aparten  de  mi 
El  ultimo  de  mi  madre 
Y  el  primero  que  te  di? 
The  following  is  a  translation  :— 
I  have  two  kisses  within  my  soul 
Which  naught  can  take  from  me  : 
The  last  which  I  gave  to  my  mother, 
And  the  first  which  I  gave  to  thee. 

J.   H.   MlTCHINER. 
Royal  Societies'  Club. 


io'- s.  ii.  OCT.  is,  i9M.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


809 


CRUIKSHANK'S  DESIGNS  FOR  '  TAM  o'  SHAN- 
TER.'  —  Griffith,  Farran,  Okeden  &  Welsh 
published  'Tarn  o'  Shanter/  illustrated  in 
colour  by  George  Cruikshank.  The  title- 
page  of  the  volume  is  dated  1884  ;  yet  in  two 
bibliographies  of  the  artist  published  since 
that  year  I  find  no  mention  of  this  book. 
What  is  more,  one  of  the  heads  of  the  above- 
mentioned  publishing  firm  informs  me  that 
he  does  not  know  what  or  whence  were  the 
originals  of  the  illustrations.  They  are  cer- 
tainly not,  as  a  whole,  characteristic  of  **  the 
great  George."  I  know  that  he  did  work  for 
'Tarn  o'  Shanter '  (vide  9621  A  in  the  Cruik- 
shank Collection  at  South  Kensington 
Museum),  but  I  am  none  the  less  puzzled 
about  this  book.  Can  any  reader  of  '  N.  <fe  Q.' 
enlighten  me  ?  W.  H.  CHESSON. 

337,  Sandycombe  Road,  Kew  Gardens. 

WALL:  MARTIN.— Where  and  when  was 
my  ancestor  Col.  John  Wall,  of  the  Lodge, 
Tewkesbury,  married  to  Mary  Brilliana, 
daughter  of  Robert  Martin,  of  Peb worth, 
Gloucs  1  Their  eldest  child  was  born  2  April, 
1773.  EDWIN  S.  CRANE. 

EDWARD  VERB,  SEVENTEENTH  EARL  OF 
OXFORD. — I  shall  be  glad  to  know  whether 
any  diary  or  other  information  as  to  the 
earl's  travels  on  the  Continent  exists  beyond 
the  references  in  the  Cecil  Papers. 

ROBT.  J.  WHITWELL. 

Oxford. 

"  GRANT  ME,  INDULGENT  HEAVEN."— Loosely 
inserted  in  a  book  dated  1688  I  find  a 
contemporary  scrap  of  MS.,  comprising 
the  following  verse.  Does  any  reader  of 
'N.  &  Q.'  recognize  the  lines  and  remember 
their  authorship  ? — 

Grant  me  indulgent  Heaven  a  rural  seat, 

rather  contemptable  then  great. 

for  'tho  I  taste  Life's  Sweets  still  may  1  be ; 

athirst  for  Immortality. 

I  wou'd  have  business,  but  exempt  from  Strife  ; 

A  private  but  an  Active  Life. 

A  Conscience  bould,  &  punctual  to  his  Charge, 

my  stock  of  Health  ;  or  patience  large. 

some  books  I  'de  have,  &  some  acquaintance  too. 

but  very  good  &  very  few. 

then  if  one  Mortal  two  such  grants  may  crave  ; 

from  silent  Life,  I  'de  steal  into  my  grave. 

CHARLES  HIGHAM. 

FIRST  GENTLEMAN  IN  EUROPE.— The  Times 
(Friday,  7  September,  1804)  has:  "All  that 
urbanity  which  distinguishes  him  as  the  most 
finished  gentleman  in  Europe."  When  did 
this  compliment  first  indicate  the  occupant 
of  the  English  throne?  MEDIOULUS. 

ROGER  CASEMENT. —Is  anything  known 
about  him  ?  It  was  he  who,  in  1849,  travelled 


from  Widdin  to  London  to  deliver  to  Lord 
Palmerston  Kossuth's  letter,  wherein  the 
latter  called  for  England's  help  to  save  him 
from  Austria  and  Russia,  who  demanded  his 
extradition  from  Turkey.  L.  L.  K. 

GOLDSMITH'S  'PRESENT  STATE  OF  POLITE 
LEARNING.'  —  There  is  in  my  possession  a 
manuscript  book  of  Nathan  Drake,  once 
widely  known  by  his  essays  on  eighteenth- 
century  literature.  It  consists  partly  of 
extracts  from  his  favourite  authors,  partly 
of  notes  on  their  lives  and  bibliography. 
Amongst  the  latter  I  found  a  very 
curious  reference  to  Goldsmith.  It  is  to 
the  effect  that  the  poet,  settling  down  to 
a  literary  life  after  his  wanderings  abroad, 
composed  the  'Enquiry  into  the  Present 
State  of  Polite  Learning,'  in  two  languages, 
French  and  English ;  that  he  endeavoured  un- 
successfully to  get  the  former  published  abroad; 
but  that  after  the  issue  of  the  English  edition 
it  was  published  in  London  in  1762,  under 
the  title  'Considerations  sur  1'Etat  Pre'sent 
de  la  Litterature  en  Europe.' 

I  have  looked  all  through  the  British 
Museum  Catalogue  without  finding  any  book 
with  this  title,  nor  have  I  ever  met  with  any 
confirmation  of  this  story  in  any  biography 
of  Goldsmith.  I  should  be  glad,  at  any  rate, 
to  know  if  such  a  French  book  exists,  for  it 
seems  to  me  equally  incredible  either  that 
Goldsmith  should  have  written  it  in  French, 
or  that  in  1762  a  translator  should'  have 
thought  him  worth  translating.  W.  D. 

['  Considerations  sur  1'Etat  Present  de  la  Litte>a- 
ture  en  Europe'  (Londres  et  Paris,  Fournier,  1762, 
12mo,  pp.  iv-284)  was  falsely  attributed  to  the  Abb6 
Aubry,  but  is,  according  to  Barbier,  by  Jean 
Baptiste  Ren6  Robinet,  1735-1820,  a  Jesuit  who, 
during  many  years,  wrote  as  a  Freethinker.  It  is 
not  assigned  him  in  the  memoir  in  the  '  Nouvelle 
Biographie  G6ne"rale'of  Hoefer,  but  the  ascription 
is  probable  enough,  since  he  translated  many  works 
from  the  English  and  edited  the  *  Dictionnaire 
Anglais  et  Francais '  of  Chambord,  Londres,  1776, 
2  vols.  4to.l 

SAMUEL  BRADFORD  EDWARDS  was  admitted 
to  Westminster  School  in  1812.  I  should  be 
glad  to  obtain  any  information  concerning 
his  parentage  and  career.  G.  F.  R.  B. 

AVALON.  — In  a  pedigree  of  the  Calvert 
mily  which  occurs  in  Hearne's  'Collec- 
tions' (vol.  vi.  p.  221)  it  is  stated  that  Sir 
>orge  Calvert,  the  first  Lord  Baltimore, 
was  "First  Ld  Proprietor  of  Avalon  in 
America.  Granted  him  in  1623."  This 
Avalon  was,  I  imagine,  in  Maryland.  Can 
any  one  tell  me  where  it  is  or  was,  and  how 
it  had  acquired  a  name  so  intimately  con- 
nected with  King  Arthur?  K.  P.  D.  E. 


310 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [10*  s.  n.  OCT.  is,  MM. 


THE    PELICAN    MYTH. 

(10thS.  ii.  267.) 

THOUGH,  perhaps,  not  so  perplexing  as 
some  other  zoological  fables  — such  as  the 
barnacle  absurdity,  for  instance— the  pelican 
myth  is  a  remarkable  ornithological  puzzle. 
Who  can  decide  which  bird  it  was  that 
nourished  its  young  with  its  own  blood  ? 
Currently  it  is  identified  with  the  common 
pelican  (P.  onocrotalus),  on  the  ground  that 
the  red  extremity  of  its  beak  might  have 
given  rise  to  the  fable ;  but  as  this  sea-fowl 
is  notably  gregarious,*  it  does  not  play  the 
part  of  a  "pelican  of  the  wilderness"  in  a 
very  convincing  way.  Bartlett  (Proc.  Zool. 
Soc.t  1869,  p.  146)  suggested  that  the  flamingo 
may  have  been  the  original  bird  from  its 
ejecting  a  sanguineous  fluid  into  the  gaping 
mouths  of  Cariamas  ;  but  to  this  there  are 
also  various  objections.  Further  back  one 
finds  Luther  calling  the  bird  of  the  Psalm 
Mohrdommel,  i.e.,  the  bittern,  which  is 
usually  solitary  enough,  though  flocks  have 
been  seen  in  Lower  Egypt.  Again,  Carus 
(  Geschichte  der  Zoologie,'  1872,  s.  130)  says, 

Die  Ernahrung  der  Jungen  mit  Blut  findet 
sich  bei  Horapollo  vom  Geier  erzahlt 
(ed.  Leemans,  p.  17)";  and  W.  Houghton 
(Academy,  1884,  vol.  xxv.  pp.  29,  97,  243) 
advances  many  arguments  in  support  of  this 
identification  with  a  vulture,  Neophron  perc- 
nopterus.  Translators  of  the  Bible  seem  to 
have  experienced  some  little  difficulty  in 
rendering  the  Hebrew  word  (occurring  five 
times)  for  which  "  pelican  "  has  been  accepted 
in  Psalm  cii. ;  and  it  is  sufficiently  clear  that 
the  Greek  pelican  mentioned  by  Aristophanes 
and  Aristotle  was  not  the  fabulous  bird,  but 
the  woodpecker,  as  shown  by  the  derivation 
from  TreAe/cvs,  an  axe.  Etymologists,  indeed, 
are  puzzled  to  account  for  this  transference 
ot  the  name  from  an  arboreal  bird  to  a  sea- 
fowl,  «  pour  on  ne  sait  quelle  ressemblance " 
(Littre).  The  same  word,  too,  seems  also  to 
have  been  applied  in  Greek  to  the  spoonbill 
(L.  platea,  platalea),  which  is  also  very 
ctitierent  in  appearance  from  the  woodpecker. 
Perhaps,  if  the  fabulous  and  post-classical 

pelican '  is  not  an  assimilized,  but  merely 
an  appropriated  name,  the  mythical  bird  was 
unfamiliar  to  the  Greeks. 

This  difficulty  in  identification  has  been 
appreciated  from  at  least  the  time  of  St 
Jerome  Not  having  a  copy  of  the  saint's 
works  at  hand,  I  cannot  say  whether '  Hieron 


M*n"  Pelicans  fish  in  concert. "  —  Darwin,  'Desc. 


in  Psalmos  Tractatus'  is  to  be  found  in,  eg., 
Vallarsi's  collection.  But  in  Bailey's  edition 
of  Facciolati  and  Forcellini's  '  Totius  Latini- 
tatis  Lexicon '  the  following  entry  occurs, 
s.v.  'Pelecanus': — 

"Avis  JSgyptia  circa  solitudines  Nili  prsecipue 
nascens,  quse  aruore  pullorum  dicitur  femur  suum 
rostro  vulnerareet  sanguinemad  eos  alendos  elicere. 
Ejus  meminit  Hieronym.  in  Psalm.  100,  ubi  addit 
duo  esse  pelicanorum  genera,  aquatile  unum, 
alterum  volatile,  illud  piscibus  vesci,  hoc  serpenti- 
bus,  crocodilis,  et  lacertis.  Gesnerus  vulturetn 
JEgyptium  vocat"  (i.e.,  Pharaoh's  hen). 

To  this  may  be  added  the  testimony  of 
Albertus  Magnus,  who  derives  pelican  **  a 
pelle  cana": — 

"  Duo  dicuntur  esse  pellicanorum  genera  ;  unum 
aquaticum  quod  piscibus  ;  alterum  terrestre  quod 
serpentibus  et  vermibus  vivit ;  et  dicitur  delectari 
lacte  cocodrillorum  quod  cocodrillus  spargit  super 
lutum  paludum,  unde  pellicanus  sequitur  cocodril- 
lum."— 'De  Animalibus,'  xxiii.  (1519). 

Here,  however,  we  trench  on  the  domain  of 
the  '  Physiologus,'  though  the  pelican  fable 
is  not  always  included  therein  (cf.  Strzygow- 
ski,  'Der  Bilderkreis  des  griechischen  Phy- 
siologus,' 1899,s.  66),  and,  in  fact,  seems  rather 
of  ecclesiastical  origin.  It  may  be  futile  to 
discuss  whether  Jerome  employed  the  word 
"pelican"  through  deficiency  of  avian  or 
Hebrew  knowledge,  or  whether  he  followed 
some  other  authority  (the  LXX.) ;  for  his 
contemporary,  Epiphanius,  Bishop  of  Con- 
stantia,  as  well  as  Eustathius,  Augustine, 
Gregory,  and  Isidore,  also  make  mention  of 
the  bird,  according  to  Houghton  (loc.  cit.). 
The  account  given  by  the  first  of  these  occurs 
in  an  edition  of  the  'Physiologus'  printed 
in  1588  with  a  picture  of  a  vulture  or  eagle, 
and  it  has  been  remarked  that  the  pelican 
"  in  her  piety  "  is  generally  so  represented — 
for  instances,  in  Whitney's  'Choice  Emblems 
and  other  Devices '  (1586),  and  other  works 
dated  1618  ?and  1682  (H.  Krebs),  whence  Sir 
T.  Browne's  animadversions  in  his  *  Vulgar 
Errors.'  That  the  young  were  not  originally 
nourished  from  the  breast  may  be  seen  in 
Horapollo,  who  says  that  the  vulture*  sym- 
bolizes a  compassionate  person,  because 
during  the  120  days  of  its  nurture  of  its 
offspring,  if  food  cannot  be  had,  it  opens  its 
own  thigh  and  permits  the  young  ones  to 
partake  of  the  blood,  so  that  they  may  not 
perish  from  want ;  and  this  is  in  part  cor- 
roborated from  the  extract  from  Bailey  given 
above.  Hulme  quotes  a  slightly  different 


f  Could  the  pelican  have  been  originally  the 
sparrow-hawk  or  Horus,  or  the  "  vulture  "  of  Buto? 
Compare,  by  the  way,  L.  butio,  a  bittern,  with 
Luther's  renderings,  and  with  L.  buteo,  a  falcon  or 
hawk  (whence  English  "buzzard,"  one  species  of 
which  is  B.  desertorum). 


io*  s  n.  OCT.  is,  1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


311 


version  from  Bosse well's  'Armorieof  Honour' 
<1572) :- 

"The  pellicane  feruently  loueth  her  young  byrdes. 
Yet  when  thei  ben  haughtie,  and  beginne  to  waxe 
hote,  they  smite  her  in  the  face,  and  wounde  her, 
and  she  smiteth  them  and  slaeth  them.  And  after 
three  daies  she  mourneth  for  them,  and  then 
striking  herself  in  the  side  till  the  bloode  runne 
out,  she  sparpleth  it  upon  their  bodyes,  and  by 
vertue  thereof  they  quicken  again." — 'Symbolism 
in  Christian  Art,'  1891,  p.  189. 

Whence  it  appears  that  the  small  aviary 
known  as  "  the  kind,  life-rendering  pelican  " 
did  not  unduly  favour  any  particular  region 
of  its  body  during  the  vivisectional  period. 

A  brief  allusion  to  the  employment  of  the 
pelican  as  a  Christian  symbol  may  conclude 
these  jottings.  According  to  Miss  Twining 
('Symb.  and  Emb.  of  Christ.  Art,'  1852, 
p.  175),  this  does  not  occur  before  the  Middle 
Ages,  when  the  bird  is  found  usually  on  the 
summit  of  the  Cross,  or  otherwise  connected 
with  the  death  of  Christ,  the  Resurrection, 
or  the  Eucharist.  There  is  here  also  men- 
tioned a  prayer  by  St.  Thomas  Aquinas  in 
which  the  pelican  is  used  symbolically.  This 
prayer,  which  seems  to  nave  escaped  the 
notice  of  commentators,  may  well  have  been 
the  source  of  Dante's  "  nostro  Pellicano " 
{'Farad.,'  xxv.  113),  applied  to  Christ;  and 
perhaps  ultimately  of  that  odd  epithet  "the 
Princely  Pelican,"  bestowed  by  a  writer  in 
1649  on  Charles  I.  J.  DORMER. 

Woodside  Green,  S.E. 

Venerable  Bede  (d.  735),  commenting  on 
Psalm  ci.,  in  his  '  De  Psalmorum  Libro  Exe- 
gesis,' gives  the  following  explanation  of  the 
*'pelicano  solitudinis"  : — 

"Pelicanus  avis  quaedam  est,  deserta  quaerens, 
max  line  tamen  habitans  in  desertis  ripis  Nili 
fluminis  ;  haec  avis  pullos  suos  interficit,  postea 
super  eos  plangit,  et  iterum  verberat  se  alis,  et 
rostro,  quod  in  tertia  die  sanguinem  effundit,  quo 
mox  ut  irrorantur,  reviviscunt  pulli." — '  Patrologia 
Latina,'  Migne,  torn,  xciii.  993. 

As  regards  St.  Jerome,  however,  I  may  say 
that  neither  in  his  '  Breviarium  in  Psalmos ' 
nor  in  his  '  Liber  Psalmorum  '  does  he  make 
any  mention  of  the  fable  referred  to.  More- 
over, after  a  careful  search,  I  have  failed  to 
discover  the  myth  anywhere  else  amongst 
his  writings,  and  this  in  spite  of  the  fact  that 
the  great  doctor  comments  at  length — to  the 
extent  of  a  whole  "number" — on  the  verse 
in  question,  in  his  'Epistle  to  Sunnia  and 
Fretela'  (ibid.,  torn.  xxii.  Hieron.  i.  837). 

That  the  story  was  "abroad"  about  the 
time  of  St.  Jerome  (d.  420)  can,  nevertheless, 
be  made  manifest  from  the  writings  of 
his  vigorous  and  far  -  seeing  contemporary 
St.  Augustine  of  Hippo  (d.  430),  who  treats 


of  the  subject  in  his  'Enarratio  in  Ps.  ci.,' 
where  he  says  : — 

"Quod  enim  dicitur,  vel  etiam  legitur  de  hac  ave, 

id  est  pelicano,  non  taceamus ; Vos  sic  audite,  ut 

si  verum  est,  congruat ;  si  falsum  est,  non  teneat. 
Dicuntur  haec  aves  tanquam  colaphis  rostrprum 
occidere  parvulos  suos,  eosdemque  in  nido  occisos  a 
se  lugere  per  triduum :  postremo  dicunt  matrem 
seipsam  graviter  vulnerare  et  sanguinem  suum  per 
filios  fundere,  quo  illi  superfusi  reviviscunt.  For- 
tasse  hoc  verum,  fortasse  falsum  est." — Ibid.,  Migne, 
torn,  xxxvii.  1300. 

B.  W 

Fort  Augustus. 

I  cannot,  for  the  moment,  quote  my 
authority,  but  I  think  the  pelican,  among 
the  ancient  Egyptians,  was  constituted  a 
hieroglyphic  of  the  four  duties  of  a  father 
towards  his  children  —  namely,  generation, 
education,  instruction,  and  good  example — 
and  that  this  symbolism  was  derived  from 
its  erroneously  attributed  habit  of  vulning 
itself  in  the  process  of  nourishing  its  young. 
In  Wilkinson's  '  Egyptians  '  (1878,  vol.  ^  ii. 
p.  102)  there  is  a  representation  of  a  fowling 
scene,  in  which  is  a  group  of  pelicans,  the 
largest  being  turned  towards  what  are  appa- 
rently its  young.  Horapollo— I  am  quoting 
Wilkinson— says  the  pelican  was  the  type  of 
a  fool  (' Hierog.,' i.  54),  and  relates  a  ridiculous 
story  of  the  reason  for  this  unenviable  dis- 
tinction. But  he  adds  :— 

"  Since  it  is  remarkable  for  the  defence  of  its 
young,  the  priests  consider  it  unlawful  to  eat  it, 
though  the  rest  of  the  Egyptians  do  so,  alleging 
that  it  does  not  defend  them  with  discretion  like 
the  goose,  but  with  folly."— Vrol.  iii.  p.  328. 

Fairholt  says  the  pelican  is  met  with  on 
early  Christian  monuments  and  others  of 
later  date,  but  does  not  say  where.  If  it 
does  so  occur,  however,  it  is  almost  certain 
to  be  represented  "in  its  piety,"  that  is, 
vulning  itself.  It  was  the  crest  of  the 
Pelhams,  and  occurs  again  on  a  seal  of,  I 
think,  the  twelfth  century  (see  '  Catalogue  of 
Seals').  Probably  DR.  MURRAY  is  already 
aware  that  it  is  frequently  found  in 
illuminated  manuscripts,  at  least  as  early, 
I  know,  as  the  thirteenth  century.  An 
instance  of  the  late  survival  of  a  belief  in 
the  bird's  self-wounding  propensities  is  cited 
by  Mr.  C.  R.  B.  Barrett  in  an  article  in  the 
Strand  Magazine  of,  I  think,  about  the  year 
1890,  where  it  is  stated  that,  as  late  as  the 
reign  of  George  L,  at  Peck  ham  Fair  there 
was  advertised  to  be  on  view  "A  pelican 
that  suckles  her  young  with  her  heart's  blood, 
from  Egypt."  J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

161,  Hammersmith  Road. 

[MR.  J.  B.  WAINEWRIGIIT  also  sendsjhe  extract 
from  St.  Augustine.] 


312 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  OCT.  15, 1904. 


THE  TRICOLOUR  (10th  S.  ii.  247,  290).— As 
the  writer  of  the  query  on  the  Devonport 
picture  which  has  happily  produced  PROF. 
LAUGHTON'S  most  interesting  reply,  I  may 
observe  that  I  agree  with  him  in  all  he  says 
except  as  to  the  indistinctness  of  one  of  the 
flags.  I  examined  it,  close,  in  a  strong  light, 
and  can  say  that  one  at  the  masthead  is 
blue -white -red,  vertical,  i.e.,  the  present 
French  ensign.  D. 

PRINCIPAL  TULLIEDEPH  (10th  S.  ii.  207).— 
He  held,  while  Principal,  the  dual  appoint- 
ment (frequent  in  those  days)  as  minister  of 
St.  Leonard's  Parish ;  and  from  the  Kirk- 
Session  Minutes  of  1  July,  1778,  I  find 
that  "Principal  Thomas  Tulliedeph"  died 
14  November,  1777.  This  probably  is  suffi- 
cient to  prove  the  spelling  of  his  name. 

ALEX.  THOMS. 

On  a  book-plate  I  have  (circa  1730)  of  David 
Tullideph  there  is  no  e  in  the  name  and  no 
I  in  the  final  syllable. 

J.  DE  BERNIERE  SMITH. 

"  SILESIAS  ":  "  POCKETINGS  "  (10th  S.  ii.  268)- 
— The  best  notice  of  the  former  is  that  in 
Blount's  '  Glossographia,'  1681  (and  doubt- 
less in  earlier  editions).  He  says  : — 

"  Sleasie  Holland,  common  people  take  to  be  all 
forrain  linnen  which  is  sleight  or  ill  wrought ;  when 
as  that  only  is  properly  Slesia,  or  Silesia  linnen 
cloth,  which  is  made  in  and  comes  from  the  Coun- 
trey  Silesia  in  Germany." 

The  term  is  still  in  use. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

Silesias  originally  may  have  been  made  of 
flax,  but  nowadays  they  are  made  of  cotton. 
They  are  produced  both  in  plain  cloth  and 
twilled,  dyed  in  all  shades,  and  printed  in 
fancy  designs.  They  are  used  for  the  linings 
of  garments  (chiefly  for  men's  use),  as  in  the 
sleeves  of  coats  and  the  backs  of  waistcoats. 

Pocketings  are  made  for  the  pockets  of 
male  garments,  in  both  plain  and  twilled 
fabrics,  and  of  almost  all  colours.  Another 
kind  is  known  in  the  trade  as  hop-pocketing. 
This  is  made  in  several  widths,  in  jute  or 
linen  or  cotton,  and,  as  its  name  indicates, 
it  is  used  for  the  packing  of  hops. 

MAN  UF  ACTURER. 

Silesians  are  the  ordinary  linings  used  for 
trousers  and  vests.  A  word  used  in  a  similar 
way  is  hessian,  which  means  jute  packsheet, 
made  chiefly  in  Dundee.  The  textile  trades 
are  rich  in  words  of  this  kind.  An  old  word 
in  common  use  for  a  certain  cloth  is  zephyr. 
Zephyrs  are  superior  cotton  cloths  for  ladies' 
dresses,  their  special  feature  being  that  the 
colours  are  woven  into  the  cloth,  as  dis- 


tinguished from  printed.  The  word  is  com- 
monly used  also  in  Spanish  among  textile 
merchants — zcfiro.  Glasgow  is  the  famous 
place  for  zephyrs,  though  of  late  years  its 
glory  in  this  particular  trade  has  been  some- 
what dimmed.  P.  F.  H. 

Dr.  Ash,  in  his  *  New  and  Complete  Dic- 
tionary of  the  English  Language '  (London, 
1775),  defines  the  former  to  be  "a  kind  of 
thin  linen  cloth,"  and  the  latter  "the  stuff 
of  which  pockets  are  made." 

EVERARD  HOME   COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

[Replies  also  from  E.  G.  B.,  MR.  ALFONZO  GAR- 
DINER, and  ST.  S  WITHIN.] 

UPTON  SNODSBURY  DISCOVERIES  (10th  S.  ii. 
268).— These  relics  are  deposited  in  the  Free 
Library  Museum  at  Worcester. 

W.  BRADBROOK. 

JOURNAL  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  COMMONS 
(10th  S.  ii.  248). — On  seeing  a  similar  note  in 
a  bookseller's  catalogue  some  time  ago,  I 
wrote  to  the  Librarian  of  the  House  of 
Commons,  and  I  was  informed  that  the 
volumes  in  question  are  transcripts  of  the 
originals.  ANDREW  OLIVER. 

MAZZARD  FAIR  (10th  S.  ii.  228).— In  Halli- 
well's  *  Dictionary  of  Archaic  and  Provincial 
Words,'  vol.  ii.,  eleventh  edition,  occurs, 
"  Mazzard,  a  kind  of  cherry,"  so  that  Mazzard 
Fair  is  simply  a  fair  where  "  mazzard 
cherries  "  are  exposed  for  sale,  as  mentioned 
by  your  correspondent.  ANDREW  OLIVER. 

Charles  Kingsley,  in  chap.  i.  of  '  Westward 
Ho  ! '  says  :— 

"  He  had  no  ambition  whatsoever  beyond  pleas- 
ing his  father  and  mother,  getting  by  honest  means 
the  maximum  of  red  quarrenders  and  mazard 
cherries,  and  going  to  sea  when  he  was  big  enough." 

Doubtless  the  fair  took  its  name  from  the 
fruit,  which  was  plentiful  at  that  time. 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

Surely  YGREC  has  arrived  at  the  correct 
conclusion  when  he  mentions  mazards,  which, 
by  the  way,  has  only  one  z.  Other  explana- 
tions might  be  from  maze,  meaning  continu- 
ally busy,  and  so  on.  You  have  admitted 
one  hazard  in  the  query,  so  possibly  you  will 
indulge  me  in  a  similar  manner. 

This  third  fair  mentioned  by  YGREC  was, 
according  to  Britton  and  Bray  ley,  held 
annually  in  a  place  called  Fair  Meadow. 
This  was  granted  in  the  time  of  Henry  VII. 
to  the  Bassets  of  Tehidy,  and  subsequently 
was  conveyed  to  Lord  de  Dunstanville,  who 
was  formerly  known  as  General  Massey. 


10th  S.  II.  OCT.  15,  1904.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


313 


From  Massey  to  Mazzard  is  Dot  nearly  so 
imaginative  as  from  Mazzard  to  Magdalen. 
CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 
Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

SEX  BEFORE  BIRTH  (10th  S.  i.  406 ;  ii.  235). 
— In  1687  the  queen  of  James  II.  (Mary  of 
Modena)  was  pronounced  to  be  enceinte,  and 
there  was  a  proclamation  issued  of  thanksgiv- 
ing in  consequence.  The  following  item  from 
the  books  of  St.  Mary's  Church  at  Beverley 
proves  how  general  the  rejoicing  was  :— 
*'  1687.  To  the  ringers  upon  day  of  rejoyce- 
ing  for  her  raatie  being  with  child  and  for 
candles,  j1.  ijs.w 

There  were  many  prayers  uttered  for  the 
child  to  be  a  boy,  and  Mary,  Duchess  of 
Modena,  the  mother  of  the  queen,  made  a 
pilgrimage  to  Loretto  to  offer  prayers.  Five 
years  had  elapsed  without  any  addition  to 
James  IL's  family,  and  he  was  now  fifty-five 
years  of  age.  Charles  James  Edward  was 
born  on  10  June,  1688.  Historians  have 
recorded  the  anxiety  then  prevalent  in  Eng- 
land in  regard  to  the  succession,  and  the 
stories  circulated.  JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

"Hans  in  Kelder,"  quoted  by  MR.  PICK- 
FORD,  was  a  proverbial  phrase  convenient  to 
indicate  a  certain  condition,  and  has  been 
noticed  of  old  in  *  N.  &  Q.3 ;  but  despite  the 
masculine  name  it  was  not  intended  as  any 
hint  of  sex.  W.  C.  B. 

VACCINATION  AND  INOCULATION  (10th  S. 
ii.  27,  132,  216).— Although  Prof.  Crook- 
shank's  '  History  and  Pathology  of  Vaccina- 
tion '  appears  to  be  a  perfectly  exhaustive 
work  on  the  subject  of  inoculation  as  well 
as  of  vaccination,  perhaps  the  following  ex- 
tracts from  newspapers  of  the  period  at  which 
Lady  Mary  Wortley  Montagu  introduced 
inoculation  from  the  East  will  be  of  sufficient 
interest  for  insertion  in  *  N.  &  Q.' : — 

"  A  few  days  ago  a  Youth  that  was  Under-Butler 
to  the  Lord  Bathurst  had  the  Small  Pox  inoculated 
on  him,  and  as  the  Experiment  was  out  of  the  com- 
mon Method,  he  was  to  have  Ten  Pounds  for  under- 
foing  it ;  but  he  never  lived  to  receive  the  Money, 
or  he  had  the  Distemper  in  so  violent  a  manner 
that  he  deceased  on  Saturday  last  at  his  Nurse's 
House  in  Swallow  Street,  St.  James's."— London 
Journal,  21  April,  1722. 

Again  :— 

"  A  Daughter  of  the  Lord  Dellawar  lies  danger- 
ously ill  under  the  modish  Experiment  of  Inocula- 
tion."— Ibid. 

In  the  Whitehall  Evening  Post  of  8  May, 
1756,  it  is  stated  :— 

"  Inoculation  begins  to  be  practised  in  Wiltshire, 
and  ten  Persons  have  been  inoculated  in  one  House 
at  Swindon,  the  eldest  about  One  and  Twenty,  who 


are  all  recovered,  and  in  good  Health  ;  so  that  it  is 
thought  the  Practise  will  gain  ground  in  thia 
County." 

J.  HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

STORMING  OF  FORT  MORO  (10th  S.  i.  448, 
514 ;  ii.  93,  175,  256).— With  reference  to  MR. 
HERBERT  SOUTHAM'S  comment  on  the  above 
subject,  perhaps  I  may  be  permitted  to 
point  out  that  a  native  of  Ireland  named 
Ambrose  O'Higgins  entered  the  Spanish 
service  and  was  in  1787  appointed  Captain- 
General  of  Chili,  and  subsequently  Viceroy 
of  Peru.  His  son,  Don  Bernardo  O'Higgius, 
born  in  Chili  and  educated  in  England,  took 
an  active  and  distinguished  part  on  the 
popular  side  of  the  war  by  which  Chili 
achieved  her  independence  of  Spain.  He 
held  the  office  of  "Supreme  Director"  of  the 
young  republic  from  1818  to  1823,  when  he 
retired  into  private  life,  in  consequence  of 
public  dissatisfaction  with  the  acts  of  his 
ministers.  Vide  'Compendium  of  Irish 
Biography,'  by  Alfred  Webb  (Dublin,  Gill 
<fc  Son,  1878).  HENRY  GERALD  HOPE. 

119,  Elms  Road,  Clapham,  S.W. 

The  quotation  I  gave  was  from  the  1847 
edition  of  Cannon's  4  Record  of  the  First,  or 
Royal  Regiment  of  Foot.'  W.  S. 

The  O'Higgins  mentioned  by  MR.  SOUTHAK 
is  of  the  same  family  as  the  O'Higgins  in- 
quired after.  If  MR.  SOUTHAM  has  any  infor- 
mation relating  to  him,  I  should  be  very 
grateful  for  it.  Has  he  any  later  Army  Lists, 
say  of  the  latter  half  of  the  eighteenth 
century?  Probably  the  name  of  Wiggins  or 
O'Higgins  would  appear  there.  A  long 
account  of  President  O'Higgins  appeared  in 
Temple  JBar,  which  I  have. 

W.  L.  HEWARD. 

9,  Beda  Road,  Cardiff. 

POTTS  FAMILY  (10th  S.  i.  127,  434  ;  ii.  17).— 
In  Chester  Cathedral  is  a  tablet  in  memory 
of  Chas.  Potts  (ob.  1817,  cet.  suce  73)  and  Anne 
his  wife  (ob.  1796,  cet.  suce  52).  Henry  Potts 
is  likewise  mentioned,  and  several  young 
children  of  the  family.  MEDICULUS. 

WHITSUNDAY  IN  THE  *  ANGLO  -  SAXON 
CHRONICLE'  (10th  S.  ii.  166).— The  precise 
time  when  the  Cymric  or  Welsh  equivalent 
for  Whitsunday,  viz.,  Sulgwyn,  may  have 
been  first  introduced  into  that  language 
appears  to  be  uncertain.  The  only  certain 
date  is  afforded  in  Bishop  William  Morgan's- 
celebrated  Bible  version,  first  printed  in  1588. 
It  occurs  there  in  Acts  xx.  16  and  1  Cor.  xvL 
8,  although  the  ancient  Greek  name  of  Pente- 
cost is  used  instead  of  it  in  Acts  ii.  1.  There 
is  no  reasonable  doubt,  as  clearly  pointed  out 


314 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  OCT.  is,  1904. 


by  PEOF.  SKEAT  (ante,  p.  122),  that  Sulgwyn 
may  be  regarded  as  an  expression  merely 
adapted  in  its  sense  to  the  older  English 
name.  Similarly,  the  Old  Norse  "Hvita- 
sunnu-dagr,"  having  been  introduced  from 
the  Anglo-Saxon  Mother-Church  into  Nor- 
way and  Iceland,  was  displaced  in  modern 
Denmark,  Norway,  and  Sweden  by  Pindse 
and  Pingst^Germ.  Pfingsten,  derived  from 
ancient  Greek  Pentekost,  as  fully  explained 
in  Vigfusson's  'Icelandic-Engl.  Dictionary' 
(p.  303).  H.  KREBS. 

PEPYS'S  '  DIAEY  ':  A  REFERENCE  (10th  S.  i.  68). 
— The  mother's  condition  resulted  in  the 
expulsion  of  many  hydatidiform  moles.  This 
is  a  form  of  abortion.  MEDIC ULUS. 

GEORGE  STEINMAN  STEINMAN  (10th  S.  ii.  88). 
—It  appears  from  Waif  ordV  County  Families ' 
that  Mr.  Steinman  is  deceased,  as  his  grand- 
son, Capt.  William  Henry  Olphert  Kemmis, 
of  Ballinacor,  co.  Wicklow,  is  described  as  the 
"  eldest  son  of  Col.  William  Kemmis,  of  Bal- 
linacor, who  died  1900,  by  Ellen  Gertrude  de 
Home  Christy,  dau.  of  the  late  George  Stein- 
man Steinman,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  of  Sundridge, 
Kent."  No  doubt,  on  application,  Capt. 
Kemmis  would  be  able  to  give  ITA  TESTOR 
the  information  he  seeks.  D.  K.  T. 

MESMERISM  IN  THE  DARK  AGES  (10th  S.  ii. 
168).— MR.  R.  M.  LAWRANCE  should  refer  to 
the  '  Encyclopedia  Britannica,'  vol.  xv.  p.  277, 
article  'Magnetism,  Animal.'  It  is  there 
stated  : — 

"  It  would  appear  that  in  all  ages  diseases  were 
alleged  to  be  affected  by  the  touch  of  the  hand  of 
certain  persons  who  were  supposed  to  communicate 
a  healing  virtue  to  the  sufferer.  It  is  also  known 
that  among  the  Chaldaeans,  the  Babylonians,  the 
Persians,  the  Hindus,  the  Egyptians,  the  Greeks, 
and  the  Romans,  many  of  the  priests  effected  cures, 
or  threw  people  into  deep  sleeps  in  the  shades  of 
the  temples,  during  which  the  sleeper  sometimes 
had  prophetic  dreams,  and  that  they  otherwise 
produced  effects  like  those  now  referred  to  animal 
magnetism." 

MR.  LAWRANCE  will  find  there  the  litera- 
ture on  this  subject.  I  think  I  remember 
reading  in  the  Zoist,  edited  by  Dr.  John 
Elliotson,  articles  showing  the  early  use  of 
mesmerism.  HARRY  B.  POLAND. 

Inner  Temple. 

RECHABITE  at  1st  S.  vi.  8  quotes  from 
Apuleius  ('Apol.,'  475,  Delph.  ed.)  an  early 
allusion  to  mesmerism.  Beckmann,  in  his 
'History  of  Inventions'  (Bohn,  1846,  vol.  i. 
p.  43),  has  an  essay  on  *  Magnetic  Cures,' 
in  _  which  he  remarks  that  mesmerism,  or 
animal  magnetism,  having  no  relation  to 
the  magnetism  of  the  magnet,  "may  form 


the  subject  of  a  future  article."  But  he  does 
not  appear  to  have  given  it  the  attention  he 
intimated,  at  all  events  in  the  work  alluded 
to.  Glanvil,  in  his  '  Scepsis  Scientifica,' 
published  in  1665,  is  said  to  refer  to  some 
doctrine  analogous  to  modern  mesmerism. 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

The  attractive  power  of  the  loadstone  or 
magnet  is  referred  to  by  Aristotle,  Homer, 
and  Pliny;  it  was  known  to  the  Chinese  and 
Arabians.  The  Greeks  are  said  to  have  ob- 
tained the  loadstone  from  Magnesia  in  Asia, 
1000  B.C.  However,  if  MR.  R.  M.  LAWRANCE 
will  turn  to  the  *  Memoirs  of  Extraordinary 
Popular  Delusions  and  theMadnessof  Crowds,' 
by  Charles  Mackay,  LL.D.  (Routledge  &  Son, 
1869),  he  will  find  much  interesting  informa- 
tion in  connexion  with  the  subject  in  question, 
under  the  title  of  '  The  Magrietisers '  (pp.  262 
— 295).  HENRY  GERALD  HOPE. 

119,  Elms  Road,  Clapham,  S.W. 

I  had  the  pleasure  of  an  introduction  to 
Dr.  Walford  Bodie  at  Burton-on-Trent  on 
Easter  Saturday  last,  and  though  I  did  not 
hear  him  make  any  such  statement  as  the 
one  attributed  to  him  by  MR.  LAWRANCE,  the 
doctor's  assertion  at  Aberdeen  (where  he  was 
formerly  a  medical  student)  is  quite  correct. 
Ample  proof  of  this  is  given  by  Ennemoser  in 
the  *  Annales  du  Magnetisme  Animal,'  wherein 
he  says  that  magnetism  was  daily  practised 
in  the  temples  of  Isis,  of  Osiris,  and  Serapis. 
In  these  temples  the  priests  treated  the  sick 
and  cured  them,  either  by  magnetic  manipu- 
lation, or  by  other  means  producing  som- 
nambulism. We  shall  prefer  (he  writes) 
turning  our  attention  to  such  Egyptian 
monuments  as  present  us  with  the  whole 
scenes  of  magnetic  treatment.  Although 
these  Egyptian  hieroglyphics  are  regarded 
with  great  daring  and  boldness,  yet  much 
that  is  probable  results,  and  the  more  so  from 
the  fact  that  all  things  in  these  monuments 
are  not  hieroglyphic.  There  are  also  purely 
historical  paintings,  which  represent  sacri- 
fices, religious  ceremonies,  and  other  actions, 
as  well  as  things  which  refer  to  the  natural 
history  of  animals,  of  plants,  and  the  stars. 

Among  the  emblems  he  includes  the  re- 
markable representation  on  a  mummy  case 
given  by  Montfaucon.  Before  a  bed  or  table 
on  which  lie  the  sick  stands  a  person  in  a 
brown  garment,  and  with  open  eyes,  and  the 
dog's  head  of  Anubis ;  his  countenance  is 
turned  upon  the  sick  person,  his  left  hand  is 
placed  upon  the  breast,  and  the  right  is  raised 
over  the  head  of  his  patient,  quite  in  the 
position  of  a  magnetizer.  At  both  ends  of 
the  bed  stand  two  female  figures,  one  with 


.  ir.  OCT.  is,  1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


315 


the  right  hand  raised,  the  other  with  the  left. 
The  bed  is  supported  by  four  feet,  which 
bear  the  Isis  head,  hawk's  head,  dog's  head, 
and  a  human  head,  the  symbols  of  the  four 
healing  divinities,  Isis,  Osiris,  Anubis,  and 
Horus.  Other  hieroglyphics  on  a  talisman, 
bearing  similar  representations,  are  men- 
tioned, and  upon  other  mummies,  where 
standing  figures  touch  the  feet,  the  head,  the 
sides,  or  the  thighs,  and  many  other  magnetic 
-actions  are  represented  ;  these  are  reproduced 
in  Montfaucon  and  in  Denon's  'Voyage 
d'Egypte.' 

These  scenes  do  not  stand  alone.  Figures 
occur  on  the  amulets  or  charms  know  as 
"Abraxas,"  all  more  or  less  manifesting  an 
-acquaintance  with  magnetism.  The  priest 
with  the  dog's  head  or  mask  occurs  repeatedly, 
•with  his  hands  variously  placed  on  the  sup- 
posed patient.  Some  of  these  figures  are 
given  by  Montfaucon.  In  one  of  them 
the  masked  figure  places  one  hand  on  the 
feet,  the  other  on  the  head  of  the  patient ;  in 
-a  second,  one  hand  is  laid  upon  the  stomach, 
the  other  upon  the  head  ;  in  a  third  the  hands 
are  upon  the  loins  ;  in  a  fourth  the  hands  are 
placed  upon  the  thighs,  and  the  eyes  of  the 
operator  fixed  upon  the  patient's  counte- 
nance. All  these  representations  were  in- 
volved in  mystery  till  magnetism  was 
rediscovered  by  Frederick  Anthony  Mesmer. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 
Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

^  DISPROPORTION  OF  SEXES  (10th  S.  ii.  209).— 
Statistics  from  many  sources  show  that  the 
rule  is  for  105  boys  to  be  born  for  100  girls. 
Boys,  however,  die  more  easily  during  birth 
and  early  childhood  ;  hence  at  a  nubile  age 
there  are  found  to  be  100  women  to  95  men, 
•which  proportion  is  soon  lowered  as  the 
result  of  accidents,  of  enlistment  in  the  navy 
and  army,  and  of  the  absence  of  the  seafaring 
classes  from  home.  This  inquiry  has  a  per- 
tinent bearing  upon  the  physiological  basis 
of  such  Protectorate  laws  as  that  for  the 
.enforcement  of  continence  (1650). 

MEDIC  ULUS. 

44  SUN  AND  ANCHOR  "  INN  (10th  S.  i.  504 ; 
ii.  92,  132).— This  sign  has  the  appearance  of 
having  been  originally  either  the  "Sun"  or 
the  "  Anchor  "  alone,  receiving  the  addition 
of  one  or  the  other  on  the  incoming  of  a  new 
tenant,  who  for  old  association's  sake  wished 
to  preserve  the  memory  of  his  former  cogni- 
sance. A  retired  seafaring  landlord  would 
naturally  adopt  such  a  sign  as  that  of  the 
"Ship,"  the  "Anchor,"  &c.,  not  only  as  a 
matter  of  fancy  on  his  own  part,  but  to 
attract  the  custom  of  mariners  who  were  on 


the  look-out  for  a  comfortable  hostelry  during 
their  sojurn  ashore.  The  sign  frequently 
occurs  as  the  ''Anchor  and  Cable,"  or  the 
"Rope  and  Anchor,"  when  it  doubtless 
appertained  to  the  badge  of  the  Admiralty, 
and  was  represented  with  a  piece  of  cable 
twined  round  the  stem.  In  the  scarce  print 
of  Fish  Street  Hill  and  the  Monument,  in 
which  the  signs  are  distinctly  affixed  to  the 
houses,  the  "Anchor and  Cable"  is  the  fourth 
house  from  the  Monument  towards  East- 
cheap.  The  "Anchor  and  Gun"  at  Wool- 
wich was  well  known  to  the  Custom-House 
officers  as  a  receiving  place  for  smuggled 
goods  (see  London  Journal,  2  September, 
1721).  And  when  the  old  Navy  Office  stood 
in  Crutched  Friars  and  Seething  Lane  there 
was  a  "Blue  Anchor"  close  by.  And  so 
to-day  many  signs  of  the  "  Anchor "  and 
"Blue  Anchor"  will  be  found  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  the  parts  where  those  engaged 
in  the  river  traffic  find  it  necessary  to  fix 
their  residence. 

J.   HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

MINERAL  WELLS,  STREATHAM  (10th  S.  ii. 
228).  —  Lewis,  in  his  '  Topographical  Dic- 
tionary of  England,'  1831,  remarks  : — 

"Among  the  attractions  is  a  mineral  spring, 
which  was  discovered  in  1660,  and  is  still  held  in 
esteem,  being  highly  efficacious  in  scorbutic  erup- 
tions, and  in  many  other  cases." 

The  Surrey  Magazine,  1902,  says  : — 


the  waters  of  which  were  noted  in  the  eighteen  ti 
century,  for  we  read  that  in  1701,  during  the 
summer,  there  was  a  concert  at  the  Wells,  and 
Streatham  was  alive  with  a  gay  and  frivolous  crowd 
of  elegant  ladies  of  all  ranks,  while  the  bewigged 
male  frequenters  of  the  Wells,  and  escorts  of  the 
fair  dames,  drank  their  nasty  draughts,  discussing 
the  while  the  late  ousting  of  the  Whigs  in  the 
House  of  Commons  and  the  death  of  the  exiled 
James  II.  And  in  the  Pott  Boy  newspaper  for 
June  8th,  1717,  we  find  the  following  advertisement : 
'  The  true  Streatham  waters  fresh  every  morning, 
only  at  Child's  Coffee  House  in  St.  Paul's  Church- 
yard, the  Garter  Coffee  House,  behind  the  Royal 
Exchange.  Whoever  buys  it  at  any  other  place  will 
be  imposed  upon.  N.B.  All  gentlemen  and  ladies 
may  find  good  entertainment  at  the  Wells  aforesaid 
by  Thomas  Lambert." 

Assemblies  were  held  here  so  late  as  1755. 
The  memory  of  the  wells  survives  in  the 
name  of  Wells  Lane. 

EVERARD   HOME   COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

At  the  bottom  of  Wells  Lane,  on  Lime 
Common,  lie  the  Streatham  Wells,  a  saline 
spring,  now  in  little  repute.  The  original 
wells  were  near  the  house  still  called  Well 
House.  Aubrey  gives  a  quaint  account  of 
them  :— 


316 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       cio*  s.  ii.  OCT.  15, 190*. 


"It  is  a  cold,  weeping,  and  rushy  clay  ground ; 
in  hot  weather  shoots  a  kind  of  salt  or  alum  on  the 
clay  ;  it  turns  milk  for  a  posset ;  five  or  six  cups  is 
the  most  they  drink,  but  the  common  doze  is  but 
three,  which  are  held  equivalent  to  nine  at  Epsom. 
In  this  ground  are  now  three  wells  digg'd,  the 
middlemost  whereof  does  give  a  vomit.  The  lock- 
smith that  dwells  here  on  the  green,  told  me  he  was 
much  consum'd,  and  very  ill,  and  went  to  several 
physicians,  some  of  them  advis'd  him  to  drink 
Epsom  waters,  which  he  did,  but  recei v'd  no  benefit ; 
he  then  drank  of  the  hithermost  well,  and  on  the 
second  or  third  day  it  brought  away  four  worms, 
the  least  whereof  was  five  feet  long ;  one  worm  that 
he  voided  was  eight  foot  and  three  inches  long, 
attested  to  me  by  several  of  the  neighbours  (fide, 
digni)  and  the  minister  that  saw  it  measured. 
About  fourteen  years  since  (1659),  ploughing  the 
ground,  the  horses  slipped  into  that  springy  place, 
which  was  the  first  discovery  of  this  water.  After- 
wards, at  weeding  time,  the  weeders,  being  very 
dry,  drinking  of  it,  it  purg'd  them,  by  which  acci- 
dent the  medicinal  virtue  of  them  was  first  dis- 
cover'd."— Black's  *  Guide  to  the  Hist.  Antiq.  and 
Topog.  of  Surrey,'  1864,  p.  96. 

J.   HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

About  the  time  that  the  Streatham  wells 
were    in    vogue    there    were    also  wells    at 
Sydenham,  in  Taylor's  Lane,  afterwards  called 
Wells  Lane,  and  subsequently  Wells  Road. 
JAS.  CURTIS,  F.S.A. 

The  following  appears  on  p.  317,  vol.  vi.  of 
1  Old  and  New  London  ' :— 

"There  are  at  Streatham  mineral  springs  which, 
as  Aubrey  informs  us,  were  discovered  about  four- 
teen years  before  he  wrote  (A.D.  1659) The  owner 

of  the  field  at  first  forbade  people  to  take  the 
water  ;  but  before  the  end  of  the  reign  of  Charles  II. 
it  came  into  common  use.  Lysons  says  that  in  his 
time  (1810)  the  Streatham  water  was  sent  in  large 
quantities  to  some  of  the  London  hospitals.  The 
well  still  exists,  but  its  fame  has  departed." 

The  Surrey  volume  of  the  'Beauties  of 
England  and  Wales,'  edited  by  Frederic 
Shoberl  (1813),  says  :— 

"On  Lime  Common  in  this  parish  [Streatham] 
was,  in  1660,  discovered  a  mineral  water  of  a  mild 
cathartic  quality,  which  is  still  held  in  considerable 
esteem,  and  sent  in  large  quantities  to  some  of  the 
London  hospitals.  Though  there  are  no  accommo- 
dations for  persons  who  come  to  drink  it  on  the  spot, 
yet  it  is  much  resorted  to  by  those  who  cannot  afford 
a  more  expensive  journey." 

May  I  ask  if  MR.  FOORD  has  consulted  both 
editions  of  Dr.  Lysons's  work  ?  and  has  he 
searched  Dr.  Rawlinson's  edition  of  the 
'Antiquities  of  Surrey,'  by  John  Aubrey, 
F.R.S.?  CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

Y  (10th  S.  ii.  186).— The  substitution  of  y 
for  ^  is  a  practice  of  considerable  standing, 
and  its  rationale  is  not  easy  to  account  for. 

b  is  not  to  be  dismissed  with  an  easy  wave 
of  the  hand  as  an  "abomination."  The  lady 
novelist  may  introduce  us  to  a  "syren,"  but 


Daniel,  in  one  of  his  finest  lines,  did  so  more 

than  three  hundred  years  ago  : — 
Ah  beauty  Syren,  faire  enchaunting  good, 
Sweet  silent  rhetorique  of  perswading  eies. 

'  The  Complaint  of  Rosamond,'  ed.  1592,  st.  18. 

And  why  only  lady  novelists?  As  an  om- 
nivorous reader  of  romance,  I  long  ago  came 
to  the  conclusion  that  on  the  whole  the  women 
novelists  were  rather  better  educated  than  the 
men.  There  is  no  occasion  for  the  Pall  Mall 
writer  to  give  himself  airs  upon  this  point. 
Disraeli,  who  was  a  gentleman  novelist,  is 
doubtless  responsible  for  the  vogue  of  Sybil, 
though  he  was  not  answerable  for  the 
spelling.  The  old  English  form  "Sibell" 
was  possibly  an  effort  to  employ  a  native 
vowel  rather  than  the  outlandish  y.  But  in 
championing  the  claims  of  the  superior  sex 
— I  speak  on  the  authority  of  Burns,  who 
ought  to  have  known — I  have  no  sympathy 
with  those  young  ladies  who  endeavour  to 
turn  a  pretty  name  into  a  fine  one  by  writing 
themselves  "  Hylda."  This  implies  an  ignor- 
ance of  the  writings  of  Prof.  Skeat,  who,  I 
imagine,  adheres  to  his  opinion  that  tyro  is 
"  grossly  misspelt."  If  Dr.  Murray  thinks  ib 
is  not,  it  must  be  a  case  of  quandoque  bonus, 
though  no  one  will  share  the  indignation  of 
Horace  when  it  is  a  question  of  our  greatest 
living  lexicographer.  Cypher,  the  French 
chi/re,  should,  I  suppose,  be  properly  spelt 
sifer.  Another  word  which  must  strike  the- 
eye  of  those  who  pass  hpstelries  and  enter 
restaurants  is  syphon,  which  shows  that  the- 
erudition  of  the  publican  does  not  go  very 
far.  As  for  Sydney,  whether  used  as  a  sur- 
name or  a  Christian  name,  I  fail  to  see  the 
criminality  of  those  who  spell  it  with  a  y. 
Its  early  owners  impartially  employed  either 
vowel.  .  W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

It  used  to  be  the  practice  to  write  ?/  instead 
of  i;  and  in  the  best  writers  we  find  tyger, 
tyro,  &c.  Spenser  has  myld,  yron,  lyon.  The 
title  of  the  poem  of  John  Philips  is  '  Cyder/ 
In  my  edition  of  Pope  I  find  the  line  : — 

And  Sydney's  verse  halts  ill  on  Roman  feet. 
In  an  edition  of  Thomson's  '  Seasons '  dated 
1807  I  read,  "The  tyger,  darting  fierce." 
Some  time  ago  it  was  shown  in  'N.  &  Q.' 
that  celebrated  writers  of  the  seventeenth 
and  eighteenth  centuries,  who  must  have 
known  the  right  way  of  spelling  it,  wrote 
Sybil.  And  Sybil,  as  a  family  name,  was 
generally  so  spelt.  Hence,  no  doubt,  the 
refusal  of  Disraeli  to  alter  the  spelling. 

E.  YARDLEY. 

IKTIN  (10th  S.  ii.  249).— I  should  suppose 
this  to  be  the  accusative  of  Iktis  (IKTCS).  It 
can  hardly  be  anything  else.  I  seem  to 


10*  s.  ii.  OCT.  is,  1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


317 


recollect  TKTIS  occurring  somewhere  in  Aris- 
tophanes' '  Acharnians '  as  the  name  of  some 
kind  of  bird,  but  I  am  away  from  books  and 
therefore  cannot  give  the  reference. 

C.  S.  JERRAM. 

ANAHUAC  (10th  S.  i.  507  ;  ii.  196,258).— PROF. 
SKEAT'S  note  on  this  word  is  interesting  and 
instructive,  as  usual.  It  does  not,  however, 
throw  any  light  on  the  pronunciation  of 
the  word,  which  was  the  main  point  of  the 
original  query.  T.  F.  D. 

LEMANS  OF  SUFFOLK  (10th  S.  ii.  248).— For 
particulars  of  the  Lemans  of  Norfolk  and 
Suffolk  see  6th  S.  v.  327,  436. 

EVERARD   HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

"  FREE  TRADE  "^SMUGGLING  (10th  S.  ii.  250). 
— Information  could   probably   be  obtained 
by  referring   to  Lieut.  Hon.   H.  N.   Shore's 
*  Smuggling  Days  and  Smuggling  Ways.' 
J.  HOLDEN  MAC  MICHAEL. 

NORTHERN  AND  SOUTHERN  PRONUNCIATION 
(10th  S.  i.  508  ;  ii.  256).— We  cannot  discuss 
pronunciations  without  having  a  phonetic 
alphabet  for  reference;  nor  is  it  at  all  desir- 
able to  neglect  all  that  has  been  written  by 
Ellis  and  Sweet  and  Murray  on  the  history 
of  English  sounds.  To  say  that  our  first 
letter  is  a,  not  a,  tells  us  nothing  at  all, 
unless  we  are  first  informed  what  sounds 
such  symbols  are  meant  to  represent.  Our 
first  letter  is,  at  present,  pronounced  like  the 
€&  in  vein ;  and  (ei)  is  the  usual  phonetic 
symbol  for  it.  But  it  was  formerly  pro- 
nounced in  many  words  like  the  Italian  short 
or  long  a  in  amare  (like  the  former  a  if  short, 
and  the  latter  if  long)  for  many  centuries, 
from  the  earliest  times  till  at  least  the  Tudor 
period,  and  in  many  places  is  pronounced  so 
still.  Thus  in  Shropshire  the  first  letter  is 
called  aa,  where  aa  denotes  the  aa  in  baa,  or 
the  a  in  father.  The  symbol  ar  is  a  very  bad 
one  for  this  sound,  because  many  might  be 
misled  into  supposing  that  the  r  is  trilled,  as 
in  the  Ital.  carro.  The  Romans  did  not  say 
carstrum,  as  far  as  I  can  understand  this 
slippery  spelling  ;  they  sounded  the  a  as  in 
Ital.  cdstro,  i.e.  short,  whereas  carso  better 
represents  the  long  a  in  Ital.  cdso.  If  the 
combination  -arstro-  occurs  in  Italian  (which 
I  doubt),  of  course  both  r's  would  be  equally 
trilled,  a  thing  which  an  Englishman  can 
seldom  either  understand  or  achieve. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

I  observe  that  YORKSHIREMAN,  as  South- 
erners also  have  done  before,  uses  the  letter 
r  to  ensure  the  shortening  of  the  a  in  the 
examples  he  gives  —  arsk,  parss,  larst,  &c. 


Cannot  those  who  study  word-sounds  adopt 
some  better  method  of  illustration  ?  To  one 
like  myself,  born  in  the  county  of  Northamp- 
ton, who  habitually  pronounces  the  letter  r 
with  the  tip  of  the  tongue  touching  the  roof 
of  the  mouth,  such  examples  convey  quite  a 
different  meaning  from  that  which  is  intended. 
If  I  saw  the  examples  written  as  ahsk,  pahss, 
lahst,  &c.,  the  meaning  would  be  at  once 
apparent.  Am  I  quite  alone  in  this  ?  or  do 
others  experience  a  like  difficulty  *? 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

One  of  the  delights  of  my  boyhood  was  to 
visit  an  ancient  aunt,  who  was  born  in  1803. 
On  her  father's  side  she  was  of  Worcestershire 
origin,  but  both  she  and  her  mother  were  born 
in  Yorkshire,  and  she  herself,  although  she 
passed  part  of  her  early  life  in  London,  was 
resident  mostly  in  her  native  county.  She 
was  a  complete  storehouse  of  nursery  tales, 
children's  rimes,  and  children's  games,  and 
maintained  to  the  last  (she  died  in  1870)  the 
old-fashioned  pronunciations  are,  chaney, 
goold,  obleege,  and  some  others.  W.  C.  B. 

THE  MISSING  LINK  (10th  S.  ii.  249).— Borneo 
is  not  the  only  place  where  men  possessing 
tails  have  been  discovered.  In  1849  a  M.  du 
Couret  communicated  to  the  Academy  of 
Sciences  in  Paris  an  account  of  a  race  of  men 
with  tails  in  Central  Africa.  They  were 
called  "  Ghilanes."  He  had  seen  one  of  the 
race,  a  slave,  about  thirty  years  of  age.  This 
man  had  a  tail  about  four  inches  long.  He 
was  perfectly  intelligent,  and  spoke  Arabic 
well.  He  stated  that  his  race  numbered  about 
thirty  or  forty  thousand,  all  idolaters  and 
cannibals.  An  account  of  M.  du  Couret's 
paper  is  given,  I  believe,  in  the  Athenceum 
somewhere  about  September,  1849,  and  also 
in  a  now  extinct  paper,  the  London  Medical 
Gazette.  This  form  of  coccygeal  development 
may  be  limited  to  a  few  individuals,  but 
there  is  no  a  priori  reason  why  it  should  not 
have  remained  a  permanent  characteristic  of 
certain  races,  not  necessarily  of  the  lowest 
type.  J.  FOSTER  PALMER. 

8,  Royal  Avenue,  S.W. 

DEAN  MILNER  (10th  S.  ii.  249).— The  parents 
of  Joseph  and  Isaac  Milner  were  in  compara- 
tively poor  circumstances,  so  that  when  their 
father  died  the  two  sons  were  on  the  point 
of  becoming  what  we  should  now  call  factory 
operatives  in  the  woollen-weaving  trade  of 
Leeds  ;  see  the  Dean's  'Life'  of  his  brother 
Joseph,  and  Miss  Milner's  '  Life '  of  the  Dean. 
On  the  other  hand,  the  first  baronet  of  the 
Milner  family  was  so  created  in  1717,  and 
married  a  daughter  of  Archbishop  Sir 


318 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  n.  OCT.  15,  im. 


William  Dawes.  Joseph  Milner  was  born  in 
1744,  Isaac  in  1750.  There  can  have  been  no 
connexion  between  the  two  families. 

W.  C.  B. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

Foundations  of  Modern  Europe.    By  Emil  Reich. 

(Bell  &  Sons.) 

THIS  work,  the  aim  of  which  is  avowedly  to  supply 
a  sketch  of  the  main  facts  and  tendencies  of 
European  history  from  the  year  1756  onwards, 
consists  of  twelve  lectures  delivered  by  Dr.  Emil 
Reich  in  the  Central  Hall  in  South  Kensington  of 
the  University  of  London  during  the  Lent  term  of 
1903.  Fully  to  understand  their  scope  and  sig- 
nificance, it  must  be  taken  into  account  that  the 
author  is  a  Hungarian,  and  that  his  views  are 
coloured  by  patriotic  sympathies.  They  are  as  a 
rule  "  advanced,"  and  occasionally  aggressive,  and 
the  English  or  American  reader  will  find  much  by 
which  he  will  be  surprised,  and  something  by  which 
he  may  be  annoyed.  Americans  will  not  be  wholly 
pleased  to  be  reminded  that  single-handed  they 
won,  in  the  wars  of  the  Revolution,  only  one  im- 
portant success,  or  to  be  told  that  their  praise  of 
Lafayette  at  the  expense  of  Beaumarchais  is  a  salve 
to  their  amour  propre,  since  full  recognition  of  the 
services  of  Beaumarchais  would  entail  "  the  serious 
reduction  of  American  merit."  Even  Capt.  Mahan, 
it  is  pointed  out,  speaks  of  "  a  Frenchman  named 
Beaumarchais  "  (the  italics  are  ours).  Of  Vergennes, 
as  of  Beaumarchais,  few  Americans  have  heard  a 
word  of  praise.  Instead  of  being  a  matter  pre- 
sumably of  English  or  American  history,  the  War 
of  American  Independence  is  "in  reality  and  par 
excellence  a  European,  an  international  event." 
Englishmen  and  Scotchmen  are  told,  concerning 
Waterloo,  that  the  campaign  has  features  of  "  such 
serious  importance  that  while  the  historian  may 
goodnaturedly  tolerate  the  hymns  of  praise  lavished 
on  the  heroes  of  Cr6cy  or  Bannockburn,  he  cannot 
afford  to  leave  the  historical  truth  with  regard  to 
Waterloo  in  the  hands  of  national  advertisers."  It 
is  against  Austria  and  things  Austrian  that  Dr.  Reich 
is  most  vehement  :  "  Marie  Louise  was  the  most 
flippant,  the  most  sensual,  and  morally  the  weakest 
woman  of  her  time.  When  Napoleon  was  still  in 
Elba,  in  1814,  as  the  prisoner  of  Europe,  and  while 
she  was  already  the  mother  of  a  son  by  Napoleon, 
she  abandoned  herself  to  a  one-eyed,  wizened, 
and  wasted  roue",  forgetting  both  her  origin  and 
her  duty."  This  and  similar  passages  are  mere 
vituperation,  while  others  we  have  marked,  but 
may  not  quote,  are  view,  not  history.  Those 
who  seek  to  get  at  the  real  significance  of  the 
work  should  read  carefully  chap,  viii.,  entitled 
*  The  Reaction.'  In  so  doing  they  will  be  struck 
with  the  estimate  expressed  concerning  Wilhelm 
von  Humboldt,  who  "  agreeably  surprised  the  poten- 
tates with  a  character  so  ruthlessly  materialistic, 
so  brutally  high-handed,  that  he  naturally  formed 
the  centre  of  that  Prussian  group  which  was  deter- 
mined to  browbeat  France  at  the  Congress,  and  to 
annihilate  Saxony."  An  idea  insisted  upon  in  the 
later  chapters  is  that  Austria  should  have  joined 
France  in  1870  in  resisting  the  Germans.  England 
might  also  have  done  well  to  interfere  in  the 
combat.  Dr.  Reich  is  not  among  those  who  believe 


in  international  wars  in  Europe.  Some  literary- 
judgments  are  passed.  It  is  curious  to  find  Shake- 
speare and  Goethe  credited  with  belonging  to  the 
classical  school.  We  are  a  little  perplexed  by 
sentences  such  as  these  :  "  Not  one  of  those  familiar 
figures  created  by  the  Romantic  poets  has  had  a 
firm  hold  on  the  imagination  of  mankind.  The 
classical  writers  created  their  Emilias,  Margarets, 
Ophelias,  and  Juliets ;  the  romantic  writers  created 
only  shadows." 

Story  of  the  Family  of  Wandesforde  of  Kirklington 
and  Castlecomer.  Edited  by  Hardy  Bertram 
McCall.  (Simpkin,  Marshall  &  Co.)  ' 
SPECIAL  attention  is  paid  in  Ireland  to  genealogy, 
and  some  of  the  most  important  works  of  modern 
times  have  dealt  with  records  such  as  those  of 
the  Wingfields,  Viscounts  Powerscourt,  the  best- 
known  representative  of  which  has  died  within  the 
present  year,  and  many  others.  Among  the  most 
interesting  of  these  works  may  be  counted  the 
story  of  the  Wandesfordes,  Viscounts  Castle- 
comer,  and  during  a  few  years  Earls  of  Wandes- 
ford,  which  has  been  compiled  from  original 
sources  by  Mr.  McCall.  For  a  hundred  and  twenty 
years  the  peerage  has  been  extinct,  the  estates 
having  devolved  upon  Anne,  daughter  of  John, 
fifth  Viscount  Castlecomer  and  first  Earl  of 
Wandesford,  who  married,  26  February,  1769,  John 
Butler  of  Carryicken,  subsequently  Earl  of  Or- 
monde. In  the  deed-room  of  Castlecomer  House, 
in  the  county  of  Kilkenny,  are  the  Yorkshire 
evidences  since  the  thirteenth  century  of  the 


been  so  long  preserved  in  Ireland  that  their  exist- 
ence is  unrecognized  by  the  English  historians. 
One  of  these — consisting  of  a  deed  of  gift  of  his 
goods  and  chattels  at  Kirtlyngton  by  William  d& 
Musters,  dated  on  Wednesday  next  after  the  feast 
of  St.  John  the  Baptist  (26  June,  1336)— is  fac- 
similed, as  are  kindred  documents.  To  this 
William  de  Musters  the  church  of  St.  Mary,  or 
St.  Michael,  at  Kirklington,  with  a  fine  Perpen- 
dicular tower,  is  supposed  to  be  due.  The  manor 
of  Kirklington  was  bestowed  upon  the  family  of 
Monasteriis,  or  De  Musters,  soon  after  the  Con- 
quest, and  was  transmitted  by  the  marriage,  in  the- 
fourteenth  century,  of  Elizabeth  de  Musters,  the 
sole  heiress  to  John  de  Wandesford,  to  their  suc- 
cessors. The  work  supplies  at  the  outset  a  pedigree- 
of  the  family  of  Musters  of  Kirklington  from  1069  to 
1396.  Subsequent  chapters  deal  with  the  Wandes- 
ford family  from  1370  to  1540,  from  1540  to  1612, 
and  from  1640  to  to-day,  special  chapters  being 
dedicated  to  the  Lord  Deputy  Wandesford,  to  the 
lordship  of  Kirklington,  and  to  the  manor  of  Castle- 
comer —  Hipswell  and  Hudswell.  The  name 
Wandesford  comes  from  the  manor  so  named,  now 
spelt  Wansforth,  near  Driffield.  The  early  annals 
cast  an  interesting  light  upon  history.  In  the 
time  of  Richard  II.  and  subsequently  the  family 
seems  to  have  lived  in  discreet  seclusion.  Con- 
nexions were  implicated  in  the  Pilgrimage  of  Grace, 
and  when,  during  the  rising  of  the  Northern  earls 
against  Elizabeth,  the  Wandesfords  took  an  active 
part  in  politics,  it  was  fortunately  on  the  winning 
side.  At  this  period  the  records  are  stirring  and 
valuable.  We  learn  that  the  number  of  persons 
executed  in  Yorkshire  was  far  less  than  is  generally 
supposed.  Elizabeth's  Northern  councillors  were 


ii.  OCT.  is,  1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


319 


more  merciful  than  she,  and  in  place  of  215  persons 
being  killed  in  Richmondshire,  the  number  that 
perished  was  only  57.  On  the  other  hand,  we  read 
of  the  two  daughters  of  Northumberland,  who  were 
of  tender  years,  that  they  had  not  one  penny  to 
relieve  themselves,  and  could  not  procure  fuel  in 
the  depth  of  winter.  It  is  interesting  to  find  Sir 
George  Bowes,  the  father-in-law  of  Christopher 
Wandesford,  to  whom,  on  account  of  his  sufferings 
in  her  service,  Elizabeth  had  left  Northumberland's 
personal  possessions,  had  chivalrously  surrendered 
them  to  these  young  ladies  to  relieve  their  needs. 
Sir  Christopher  Wandesford— the  name  Christopher 
occurs  frequently  in  the  family  —  accompanied 
Strafford,  whose  friend  he  was,  to  Ireland,  and  on 
Stratford's  departure  for  England  was  himself 
made  Lord  Deputy.  It  is  stated  in  some  quarters 
that  Charles  I.  made  him  Baron  Mowbray  and 
Musters  and  Viscount  Castlecomer,  and  that  he 
would  not  assume  the  style  during  the  king's 
calamitous  estate.  This  seems,  however,  to  have 
been  inaccurate.  Christopher  Wandesford,  his  son, 
was  created  a  baronet  of  England  in  1662,  and  a 
third  Christopher,  the  son  of  the  preceding,  was 
elevated  to  the  peerage  of  Ireland  as  Baron  Wandes- 
ford and  Viscount  Castlecomer.  John  Wandes- 
ford, fifth  Viscount,  was  created,  in  1758,  Earl  of 
Wandesford.  His  only  son,  Viscount  Castlecomer, 
predeceased  his  father,  on  whose  death,  in  1784,  all 
his  honours  became  extinct. 

We  cannotfollow  further  the  fortunes  of  thefamily. 
The  book  is,  in  its  line,  a  model :  its  pedigrees  are 
exemplary  ;  the  letterpress  is  readable,  instructive, 
and  important ;  and  the  reprinted  documents  have 
singular  interest.  As  well  as  the  documents  at 
Castlecomer,  those  in  other  quarters,  public  and 
private,  have  been  used.  A  series  of  admirable 
illustrations,  many  of  them  full-page  plates,  add 
greatly  to  the  attractions  of  the  volume.  These 
include  portraits  of  Sir  Christopher  and  Lady 
Wandesford,  circa  1585 ;  two  of  the  Lord  Deputy, 
one  of  them  by  Vandyke,  known  as  the  Comber 
portrait ;  one  of  John,  Earl  of  Wandesford  ;  one  of 
John,  seventeenth  Earl  of  Ormonde  ;  with  other'por- 
traits  by  Doll,  Vandeist,  Comerford,  and  T.  Phillips, 
R.A. ;  views  of  Castlecomer  House,  Kirklington 
Hall  and  Church,  and  the  tomb  in  the  said  church 
of  Sir  Christopher  Wandesford,  1590,  and  other 
objects  of  interest.  Whose  figure  is  shown  on 
another  fine  monument  in  the  church  cannot  be 
decided.  To  all  concerned  with  Yorkshire  history 
and  genealogy  the  book  is  to  be  warmly  commended. 
Among  the  pedigrees  is  one  of  the  Colyilles  of 
Thimbleby.  One  ia  surprised  to  find  in  the  fifteenth 
century  the  ignorant  spelling  Sybil. 

The  Works  of  Thomas  Nashe.     Edited  by  Ronald 

B.  McKerrow.  Text,  Vol.  II.  (Bullen.) 
THE  second  volume  of  Mr.  McKerrow's  edition  of 
Nashe  contains  three  tracts,  each,  in  the  original, 
of  excessive  rarity.  Except  in  the  very  limited 
reprint  of  Grosart  included  in  the  "  Huth  Library," 
and  in  the  present  most  judicious  and  commendable 
edition,  the  three  are  virtually  inaccessible.  First 
comes  'Christ's  Teares  over  Jerusalem,'  an  edifying 
work,  written  when  the  author,  in  a  temporary  fit 
of  penitence,  thought  of  making  friends  with  all  his 
enemies,  even  his  arch-foe  Gabriel  Harvey.  This 
work  is  dedicated  to  the  Lady  Elizabeth  Carey, 
wife  of  Nashe's  great  protector,  Sir  George  Carey. 
He  addresses  her  as  "  the  most  honored  and  vertuous 
beautified  ladie."  "Beautified,"  which  Polonius 


rightly  decries  as  "a  vile  phrase,"  had  previously- 
been  used  by  Sidney  in  1580.  Nashe's  employment 
of  it  in  1593  may  possibly  have  suggested  to  Shake- 
speare this  condemnation.  In  his  opening  phrase 
Nashe  also  calls  her  "  Excellent,  accomplisht,  Court- 
glorifying  lady."  The  title-pages  of  the  first  and 
second  editions  are  given  in  facsimile  from  the 
exemplars,  unique  in  each  case,  in  the  Bodleian. 
'The  Vnfortvnate  Traveller'  follows,  title-pages 
of  the  first  edition  in  the  British  Museum  and  the 
second  in  the  Bodleian  being  again  given.  This 
work,  which  is  regarded  as  Nashe's  masterpiece,  is 
curious  as  the  first  instance  in  English  literature  of 
the  Picaresque  novel.  It  contains  warm  praise 
of  Aretine,  whom  Nashe,  who  took  him  for  a 
model,  describes  as  "one  of  the  wittiest  knaves 
that  ever  God  made."  Aretine's  title,  "11  Flagello 
de'  Principi,"  Nashe  seems  to  have  envied.  Last 
comes  the  "  Tragedie  of  Dido,  Queene  of  Carthage. 
Played  by  the  Children  of  her  Maiesties  ChappeL 
Written  by  Christopher  Marlowe  and  Thomas 
Nash,  Gent."  In  the  case  of  this  work,  which 
appears  as  vol.  yi.  of  the  Grosart  edition,  it  is  im- 
possible to  ascribe  their  respective  shares  to  the 
two  poets,  though  the  less  share  appears  to  be 
Marlowe's.  The  opening  scenes  between  Jupiter 
and  Ganimed  are  poetical  enough  for  either  writer, 
and,  it  must  be  added,  daring  enough  in  utterance 
to  justify  the  arraignment  to  which  both  have  been 
subjected.  Two  further  volumes  will,  we  presume, 
complete  a  work  which  is  a  delight  to  the  student 
of  Tudor  literature. 

Introduction  to  the  History  of  Civilization  in  Eng 
land.  By  Henry  Thomas  Buckle.  Edited  by 
John  M.  Robertson.  (Routledge  &  Sons.) 
IN  one  thick  and  closely  printed  volume  of  nearly 
a  thousand  pages  we  have  here  "an  absolutely 
complete  reprint  of  Buckle's  work,  with  a  new 
index."  That  such  would  come  sooner  or  later  was 
a  certainty.  We  have  had  to  wait,  however,  until 
the  expiry  of  copyright  for  the  book  to  be  brought 
within  general  reach.  Now  that  it  comes  it  is  in  a 
shape  that  will  make  it  a  boon  to  the  man  of  few 
books,  with  an  introduction  and  copious  annota- 
tions by  Mr.  Robertson,  the  author  of  4  Buckle  and 
his  Critics.'  Admirable  as  is  in  many  respects 
Buckle's  magnum  opus,  it  is  for  the  reader  of  to-day 
the  better  for  the  spice  of  criticism  and  comment 
Mr.  Robertson  supplies.  The  preface  of  the  editor 
is  largely  made  up  of  explanations  of  and  apologies 
for  the  gloss  he  has  felt  bound  to  write  upon  Buckle's 
work.  Nothing  is,  however,  better  known  to  the 
contemplative  man  than  that  the  statements  of  the 
greatest  and  most  original  require  modification  and 
alteration,  and  that  it  is  by  the  successive  improve- 
ments and  inventions  of  many  minds  that  philo- 
sophic, like  scientific  or  mechanical,  discovery  is 
perfected.  Mr.  Robertson's  notes  show  an  erudition 
scarcely  less  great  and  varied  than  that  of  Buckle 
himself,  and  the  edition,  besides  being  a  model  of 
cheapness,  is  encyclopaedic  in  information.  A  com- 
plete mastery  of  its  contents  would  constitute  a 
well-informed  man. 

KiuijJ  Letters  from   the  Early  Tudors^,  icith   the 

Letters  of  Henry  VI1L  and  Anne  Boleyn.    Edited 

by  Robert  Steele.     (De  La  More  Press.) 

UNLIKE  the  previous  volume  of  '  Kings'  Letters,' 

which  appeared  in  the  same  delightful  series  known 

as  the  "  King's  Classics,"  the  present  work  contains 

the  letters  of  two  monarchs  only,  the  first  two 


320 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  OCT.  is,  1904. 


Tudor  -kings,  Henry  VII.  and  VIII.  These,  as  is 
pointed  out,  extend  over  about  sixty  years.  The 
translated  letters  are  taken  from  MSS.,  from  Camp- 
bell's 'Materials  for  a  History  of  the  Reign  of 
Henry  VII.,'  and  from  the  compilations  of  Hearne 
and  Halliwell  -  Phillip[p]s.  Very  interesting  and 
characteristic  are  many  of  these  letters,  those  espe- 
cially of  Henry  VIII.  We  should  like  at  times 
more  information  than  is  supplied,  or  than  is 
always  obtainable,  concerning  them.  It  is  the 
worst  fault  of  Halliwell-Phillipps  that  he  refuses 
to  give  authority,  his  alleged  excuse  being  that  he 
had  himself  hunted  things  out,  and  that  others 
might  do  the  same,  the  sources  open  to  himself 
being  open  to  all.  Some  letters  which  he  says 
that  he  took  from  the  State  Papers  Mr.  Steele 
is  unable  to  find.  Some  of  Henry's  letters  to  Anne 
Boleyn,  which  breathe  the  most  fervent  affection, 
were  presumably,  and,  indeed,  apparently,  written 
in  French.  By  whom  was  the  translation  made? 
No  scribe  or  translator  would  use  a  word  such  as 
•"  elengeness  "  for  loneliness,  or  talk  of  Anne's  "pretty 
dukkys  "  or  breasts.  The  spelling  generally  is  not 
-of  the  epoch,  nor  does  it  conform  to  that  given 
in  the  'N.E.D.'  in  words  quoted  from  Halliwell- 
Phillipps's  edition  of  the  letters.  The  volume 
constitutes  a  welcome  addition  to  the  series  to 
which  it  belongs.  A  frontispiece  of  Anne  Boleyn, 
by  an  unknown  artist,  is  admirably  reproduced, 
but  endows  the  queen  with  no  special  beauty. 

Gerald  the    Welshman.    By  Henry  Owen,  D.C.L. 

(Nutt.) 

^FIFTEEN  years  after  its  first  appearance,  Dr.  Owen's 
monograph  on  Giraldus  Cambrensis  appears  in  a 
revised  and  enlarged  edition.  To  those  who  do  not 
know  the  monumental  edition  of  his  works  under- 
taken for  the  Rolls  Series  by  J.  S.  Brewer  and 
J.  F.  Dimock  this  work  should  be  welcome.  It 
supplies  a  full  account  of  the  turbulent  career  of 
this  handsome,  heroic,  vainglorious,  self-inflated 
.mediaeval  ecclesiastic,  and  gives  a  capital  insight 
into  his  works,  which  are  a  remarkable  product  of 
knowledge  and  credulity,  and  are  the  more  interest- 
ing to  the  antiquary  on  account  of  the  author's  total 
absence  of  historic  perception.  His  'Itinerarium 
Cambrise,'  his  'De  Rebus  a  se  Gestis,'  his  'Invec- 
tionum  Libellus,'  and  his  biographies  of  Bishops 
of  Lincoln  and  others  have  value,  and  his  '  Gemma 
Ecclesiastica '  throws  a  striking,  if  at  times  decep- 
tive, light  upon  the  excesses  of  an  unmarried  clergy, 
and  might  be  accepted  as  a  narrative  of  a  fifteenth- 
century  storyteller  rather  than  a  twelfth-century 
Welsh  ecclesiastic.  Giraldus  was  born  at  Manorbier, 
one  of  the  most  picturesque  spots  in  Little  England 
beyond  Wales. 

Mother  Goose's  Melody.     With  Introduction  and 

Notes  by  Col.  W.  F.  Prideaux,  C.S.I.  (Bullen.) 
EDITED  by  that  tasteful  and  accurate  scholar  Col. 
Prideaux,  printed  by  Messrs.  Constable,  and  issued 
in  artistic  shape  by  Mr.  Bullen,  this  facsimile  repro- 
duction of  the  earliest  known  edition  of  '  Mother 
Goose's  Melody '  is  a  gem.  It  is  a  booklet  to  delight 
equally  the  bibliophile,  the  antiquary,  and  the  folk- 
lorist.  With  its  reproduction  of  the  old  illustra- 
tions and  of  the  quaint  lyrics  which  linger  in  our 
memories,  it  is  a  perpetual  delight.  Did  we  not 
know  we  can  now  always  recur  to  it,  we  could 
scarcely  tear  ourselves  away  from  it.  Col.  Prideaux's 
introduction  and  notes  are  beyond  praise. 


The  Story  of  Arithmetic.     By  Susan  Cunnington. 

(Sonnenschein  &  Co.) 

THIS  clever  and  interesting  volume  is  written  by 
an  assistant  mistress  of  Brighton  and  Hove  High 
School,  for  the  delectation  of  her  pupils.  It  gives 
much  curious  information  not  generally  accessible. 
'Folk-lore  in  Arithmetic'  may  be  commended  to 
our  readers.  It  is  said  that  the  term  thousand  as 
used  in  Hebrew,  as  in  the  Arabian  '  Thousand  and 
One  Nights,'  is  indefinite  in  signification.  A  few 
problems  given,  from  1700  B.C.  downwards,  furnish 
an  agreeable  intellectual  exercise.  The  problem  of 
Ahmes,  the  earliest  in  date,  recalls  that  of  St.  Ives 
and  its  old  wives. 

IK  the  Burlington  Magazine  the  third  portion  of 
the  article  on  the  lonides  bequest  deals  with  the 
French  landscape  painters.  It  has  designs  of  'A 
Storm,'  by  Rousseau ;  '  L'ImmensiteY  by  Gustave 
Courbet ;  the  '  Mill,'  by  Georges  Michel ;  '  Twilight,' 
by  Corot,  and  other  well-known  works.  Some  fine 
pictures  of  the  Venetian  School  in  Sweden  are 
reproduced,  including  a  'Jupiter  and  Io,'  to 
which  the  critic  imputes  a  frivolity  we  fail  to 
trace.  Mr.  Claude  Phillips  has  an  article  on 
'  Gerard  of  St.  John  of  Haarlem,'  which  has 
several  illustrations.  Among  the  editorial  articles 
is  a  vindication,  to  a  certain  extent,  of  '  Photo- 
graphy as  a  Fine  Art.' 

IN  the  number  for  1  October,  p  278,  we  accident- 
ally attributed  Mr.  Chambers's  'Mediaeval  Stage' 
to  Messrs.  Duckworth  as  publishers.  It  is,  of 
course,  one  of  the  Clarendon  Press  books.  We 
were  confusing  it  for  the  moment  with  Dr. 
Mantzius's  '  History  of  Theatrical  Art.' 


gtotkes  to 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

W.  D.— 'Little  Pedlington,'  by  John  Poole,  a 
satire  in  the  guise  of  a  tale,  was  issued  by  Colburn, 
in  2  vols.,  price  a  guinea.  It  can  now  only  be 
obtained  of  a  second-hand  bookseller,  and  is  scarce, 
though  not  particularly  dear  (see  8th  S.  vi.  372).  It 
is  earlier  in  date  than  the  period  you  mention. 

G.  DONKLLY  ("  Tunnelling  and  Well-sinking").— 
Apply  to  an  engineering  journal. 

E.  YABDLEY  ("Cinderella's  Slipper ").  — Dis- 
cussed at  considerable  length  8th  S.  x.  331,  361,  462  ; 
9th  S.  v.  86,  177. 

E.  F.  McPiKE,  Chicago. — The  articles  inquired 
about  appeared  in  'N.  &  Q.'  for  17  September. 
The  Index  and  numbers  were  duly  posted  to  you. 

NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "  The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries'" — Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Pub- 
lisher"—at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  B.C. 

We  beg  leave  to  state  that  we  decline  to  return 
communications  which,  for  any  reason,  we  do  not 
print ;  and  to  this  rule  we  can  make  no  exception. 


M»  s.  ii.  OCT.  is,  MM.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

THE    ATHENAEUM 

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'         CAMBRIDG^UMVERSITY    PRESS. 

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ii.  OCT.  ±>,  1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


321 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  K,  100L 


CONTENTS.-No.  43. 

NOTES  :— William  III.'s  Chargers  at  the  Boyne,  321— 
•Omar  Khayyam— Epitaphiana,  322— Watts  and  Cowper— 
Blysse  of  Daventry  —  Witchcraft  Bibliography,  323  — 
"Valkyrie" — Tennyson's  House,  Twickenham — Timothy 
Pont— Colfe's  Almshouses,  Lewisham,324— J.  C.  Scaliger's 
Books— Toad  as  Medicine- Bideford  Freeman  Roll,  325. 

QUERIES  :— '  Reliquiae  Wottoniamc  '—False  Quantities  in 
"Parliament— "  Trousered,"  326  — Poem  by  H.  F.  Lyte— 
German  Volkslied— Barbara  Grant— George  Washington's 
Arms— "Mugwump"  — "Vine"  Inn,  Highgate  Road  — 
"  English  "  —  '•  Pearmain  "  :  "  Pearweeds  "  —  '  William 
Tell '— Markham's  Spelling-Book,  327— John  Jenkinson— 
Manchet  —  The  '  Decameron '  —  Gwillim's  '  Display  of 
Heraldrie  '—Theatre-Building  —  Kissing  Gates— Armorial 
Bearings— Squire  Dick  Smith,  328. 

REPLIES :— The  Mussuk— Purcell's  Music  for  'The  Tem- 
pest,' 329— 'Experiences  of  a  Gaol  Chaplain' — Preserva- 
tion of  Parish  Documents,  330  —  Northumberland  and 
Durham  Pedigrees  —  Godfrey  Higgins— Bacon  and  the 
Drama— Eel  Folk-lore,  331— Thomas  Beach,  the  Portrait 
Painter  —  Shakespeare  Autograph  —  Roger  Casement  — 
*'  Dago  "  —  Descendants  of  Waldef,  332  —  Westminster 
School  Boarding-houses  —  Withatn  —  Cisiojanus  —  Carter 
nndFleetwood,  333— Moral  Standards  of  Europe— Gamage, 
:«4— Rules  of  Christian  Life— Fettiplace  Family—'  Prayer 
for  Indifference '— Heacham  Parish  Officers,  335— Font 
Consecration— Holy  Maid  of  Kent,  336. 

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Notices  to  Correspondents. 


WILLIAM  IIL's  CHARGERS  AT  THE 
BATTLE  OF  THE  BOYNE. 

VISCOUNT  WOLSELEY,  in  the  first  chapter 
of  his  interesting  autobiography,  states  that 
there  is  a  tradition  in  his  family  to  the  effect 
that  when  William  III.'s  horse  got  bogged, 
crossing  the  Boyne,  Col.  (afterwards  Briga- 
dier) Win.  Wolseley,  of  the  Inniskilling 
Horse,  who  was  riding  close  to  the  king, 
exchanged  steeds  with  his  Majesty.  Lord 
Wolseley  goes  on  to  say  that  if  King  William 
rode  a  white  charger  at  the  Boyne,  as  repre- 
sented in  the  historic  picture  of  the  battle, 
then  the  tradition  falls  to  the  ground,  as 
Col.  Wolseley's  horse  was  a  black  one  on 
the  eventful  day  in  question. 

•There  is  nearly  always  some  foundation 
for  tradition,  but  lapse  of  years  generally 
brings  about  perversion  of  facts.  It  is  on 
record  that  William  with  his  left  wing  of 
cavalry  got  into  a  morass  on -the  brink  of  the 
Boyne,  and  many  of  the  officers,  including  the 
-king,  got  bogged  and  had  to  dismount.  The 
troopers  helped  to  get  the  chargers  out  of 


the  deep  mire,  and  Private  McKinlay,  of  the 
Inniskilling  Dragoons,  is  said  to  nave  ex- 
tricated his  Majesty's  horse.  It  is  more  than 
probable  that  when  William's  charger  got 
oogged  one  of  the  Inniskilling  officers,  near 
the  king's  person,  offered  to  exchange  horses 
with  his  royal  master ;  but  there  is  nothing 
to  prove  that  the  "  swap  "  took  place.  Making 
due  allowance  for  the  exaggeration  of  family 
tradition,  it  may  be  fairly  surmised  that 
when  King  William  met  with  this  unexpected 
check  to  his  passage  of  the  Boyne,  he  in- 
curred a  debt  of  obligation  to  an  Inniskilling 
officer,  and  that  this  gentleman  was  pre- 
sumably Capt.  Tobias  Mulloy.  In  Burke's 
*  Commoners '  (edit.  1838,  vol.  iv.  p.  149)  is  to 
be  found  the  following  circumstantial  story 
in  connexion  with  the  battle  of  the  Boyne  : — 

"It  is  stated  that  Capt.  Mulloy,*  perceiving 
William's  horse  shot  [sic],  rode  up  and  gave  his  own 
charger  to  the  king,  and  that  for  this  seasonable 
service  his  Majesty  requested  he  would  call  at  his 
tent  after  the  action,  and  choose  whatever  horse  he 
pleased  from  the  royal  stud.  Mulloy  selected  one 
called  Kaiser,  the  king's  favourite,  which  William 
cheerfully  gave  him,  with  the  housings  and  pistols. 
This  horse,  which  lived  to  be  forty  years  of  age, 
never  was  allowed  to  be  ridden  by  any  but  the  old 
captain,  and  when  he  began  to  get  stiff,  was  let  run 
for  life." 

William  was  nineteen  hours  in  the  saddle 
on  the  eventful  1  July,  1690,  so  that  he  may 
possibly  have  changed  his  charger  more  than 
once.  This  monarch,  like  Frederick  the 
Great,  is  generally  depicted  riding  a  white 
horse ;  but  it  does  not  follow  that  Kneller, 
whom  William  made  choice  of 

To  fix  him  graceful  on  the  bounding  steed, 
portrayed  the  royal  charger  in  its  true  colour. 
Artists,  like  poets,  have  their  licence.  Napo- 
leon is  always  represented  on  a  white  charger 
called  Marengo ;  and  we  are  told  he  rode  this 
horse  at  Marengo,  Austerlitz,  Jena,  Wagram, 
in  the  Russian  campaign,  and  finally  at 
Waterloo.  The  late  Hon.  F.  Lawley,  in  an 
article  published  in  1896,  states  tnat  "  he 
was  unable  to  believe  that  Napoleon  rode  at 
Waterloo  in  1815  the  horse  that  had  carried 
him  at  Marengo  in  1800,  and  still  less  that 
the  horse  went  through  the  Russian  campaign 
of  1812."  CHARLES  DALTON. 


*  Capt.  Toby  Mulloy  served  with  the  Innis- 
killing forces  in  1689,  and  was  one  of  the  officers 
who  received  three  months'  pay  in  England,  27  Feb., 
1690,  with  orders  to  return  to  Ireland  ('English 
Army  Lists  and  Commission  Registers,'  1661-1714, 
vol.  lii.  p.  168).  Mulloy  served  at  the  Boyne,  and 
subsequently  accepted  a  lieutenancy  in  the  corps 
now  known  as  the  8th  Hussars,  and  became  captain- 
lieutenant  in  1695.  In  1712  he  was  appointed  to  8ir 
Daniel  O'Carroll's  Regiment  of  Dragoons  in  Por- 
tugal. He  died  in  1734. 


322 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES.       [io«>  s.  n.  OCT.  22,  im. 


'OMAR  KHAYYAM. 
IT  may  be  interesting  to  note  the  earliest 
appearance  of  any  text  or  translation  of 
'Omar  Khayyam  in  Europe.  Hitherto  the 
earliest  mention  of  him  recorded  has  been  in 
Von  Hammer  Purgstall's  '  Geschichte  der 
Schonen  Redekunste  Persiens'  (Vienna,  1818), 
in  which  translations  of  twenty-five  quatrains 
occur  at  pp.  80-83.  From  that  time  until 
Prof.  E.  B.  Cowell  "introduced"  'Omar  to 
FitzGerald  nothing  was  heard  of  him,  and 
nothing  appeared  in  print  until  FitzGerald's 
first  edition  in  1859,  if  we  except  Garcin  de 
Tassy's  '  Note,'  printed  from  information 
supplied  to  him  by  FitzGerald  in  1857  (Paris). 
I  have  recently  had  my  attention  called  to 
p.  137  of  vol.  v.  (1816)  of  that  interesting 
collection  published  in  Vienna  by  a  society 
of  amateurs  (of  whom  Baron  Von  Hammer 
Purgstall  was  one),  and  entitled  'Fund- 
gruben  des  Orients/  Here  I  find  the  Persian 
text  of  the  quatrain  which  is  No.  411  in  the 
Lucknow  Lithographs  of  1878  and  1894,  and 
No.  89  in  the  Bodleian  MS.  from  which 
FitzGerald  worked.  To  it  is  appended  :— 
A  FRAGMENT  OF  OMAR  KIIIAM. 
By  H.  G.  Keene. 

'Twas  yesterday,  I  chanced  to  stop 

In  passing,  at  a  potter's  shop. 

The  churl  was  stript,  and  in  a  heat 

Working  some  fresh  clay  with  his  feet ; 

While  at  each  kick,  methought  the  clay, 

In  gentle  accents,  seemed  to  say, 

"  Not  quite  so  rough  ;  for,  lately,  mine 
Was  the  same  form,  my  friend,  as  thine." 
This  is  the  quatrain  which  FitzGerald  ren- 
dered in  his  first  edition  : — 

For  in  the  Market-place,  one  Dusk  of  Day, 

I  watch'd  the  Potter  thumping  his  wet  clay: 
And  with  its  all  obliterated  Tongue 

It  murmur' d  :  *'  Gently,  Brother,  gently,  pray." 

Baldly  and  literally  translated,  the  quatrain 
reads  : — 

I  saw  a  potter  in  the  bazar  yesterday, 
he  was  violently  pounding  the  fresh  clay, 
and  that  clay  said  to  him  in  mystic  language, 
"  I  was  once  like  thee,  so  treat  me  well." 
The    Persian  text    in  the  'Fundgruben'  is 
identical  with  that  of  the  Bodleian  MS.,  the 
Lucknow  Lithograph  haying  gararm,  "  reve- 
rently," for  riiku,  "well,"  in  the  fourth  line. 

It  is  further  interesting  to  note  that  this 
H.  G.  Keene  was  Professor  of  Arabic  and 
Persian,  and  Registrar,  of  Haileybury  College, 
where, in  1825,  was  born  to  him  the  H.  G.  Keene 
who  became  an  Indian  judge,  and  wrote  his 
autobiography  in  '  A  Servant  of  John  Com- 
pany' (London,  1897).  This  latter,  in  an 
article  in  Macmillaris  Magazine  for  November, 
1887,  entitled  'Omar  Khayyam,7  attacks  the 
literalness  of  FitzGerald,  and  says,  "  These 


quatrains  give  no  accurate  representation  of 
the  original  in  any  of  their  versions,"  a  state- 
ment whose  gross  and  glaring  inaccuracy  ha& 
been  clearly  demonstrated  within  the  last 
ten  years. 

Apart  from  'Omar  Khayyam,  this  "  potter 
and  the  pot"  story  has  been  told  by  Ferid-ud- 
dm  'Attar  in  his  'Mantik-ut-tair '  (the  'Par- 
liament of  Birds '),  11.  2345-59,  FitzGerald's 
beautiful  translation  of  which  is  to  be  found 
at  p.  467  of  vol.  ii.  of  his  '  Literary  Remains  * 
(Macmillan,  1889). 

EDWARD  HERON-ALLEN. 


EPITAPHIANA. 

IN  Whitchurch  Graveyard,  Dorsetshire,  is 
a  tomb  bearing  the  following  strange  conca- 
tenation of  names  (I  quote  from  memory)  : — 

Arabella  JennerennaRaquetenria  Amabel  Grunter,, 
daughter  of  John  Grunter. 

This  I  saw  for  myself  and  can  vouch  for,  but 
not  for  that  which  is  said  to  be  in  Axminster 
Churchyard  or  in  its  neighbourhood,  and 
which  runs : — 

Anna  Maria  Matilda  Sophia  Johnson  Thompson- 
Kettleby  Rundell. 

It  sounds  like  a  csesuraless  hexameter  rur* 
mad,  and  I  shall  never  forget  the  uncon- 
trollable fits  of  laughter  with  which  I  first 
heard  it  from  the  late  Rev.  Edward  Peck,  of 
Lyme  Regis. 

In  Southwell  (Notts)  there  is  also  said  to- 
be  a  sepulchral  inscription  on  the  death  of  a 
young  mother : — 

Twelve  years  I  was  a  maid, 

One  year  I  was  a  wife  ; 
Half  an  hour  I  was  a  mother, 
And  then  I  lost  my  life. 

FKANCIS  KING. 

The  following  epitaphs,  none  of  which  I 
have  seen  in  print,  were  all  copied  oil  the 
spot. 
At  Snibston,  Leicestershire,  date  1771  :— 

A  neighbour  good,  a  prudent  wife, 

A  tender  parent  while  she  had  life, 

Always  good-natured  to  the  poor, 

And  freely  gave  them  of  her  store. 

We  hope  these  virtues  will  her  comfort  be 

When  she  her  dearest  Saviour  comes  to  see. 

At  Dorchester,  Oxfordshire,  date  1811 : 
Death  spyed  these  new  sprung  flowers,  which  find- 
ing fit 

For  blessed  Abram's  bosom  gather'd  it. 
The  souls  of  Babes  perfume  th'  Almighty's  Throne 
Rose  Buds  are  far  more  sweet  than  Roses  blown. 

At  All  Saints'  Church,  Hastings-  date 
1820  :— 

Here  lies  an  only  darling  Boy 

Who  was  his  widow'd  Mother's  joy; 


io«.s.  ii.  OCT.  22, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


393 


Her  grief  and  sad  affliction  prove 

How  tenderly  she  did  him  love. 

In  childish  play  he  teas'd  a  mule 

Which  rag  a  its  owner's  angry  soul, 

And  through  whose  angry  blows  and  spleen 

This  child  so  soon  a  corpse  was  seen. 

His  Mother  now  is  left  to  mourn 

The  loss  of  her  beloved  Son. 

Though  sighs  and  tears  will  prove  in  vain, 

She  hopes  in  Heaven  to  meet  again. 

At  Chapel-en-le-Frith,  Derbyshire,  date 
1881  :— 

Thou  wert  a  sweet  winning  child, 

And  wise  beyond  thy  years — 
Thy  Father's  pride,  thy  Mother's  joy, 

For  thee  fast  falls  [*/<•]  our  tears. 

W.  B.  H. 

The  following  rather  curious  epitaph  I 
copied  from  a  stone  attached  to  the  north  side 
of  the  tower  of  Colerne  Church,  Wilts  :— 

In  Memory  of  Jonathan  Southward,  Butcher, 
who  died  Feb.  29,  1727,  aged  37. 

In  Memory  of  Jonathan  Southward,  youngest  son 
of  Doctor  Jonathan  Southward,  Born  July  31,  1778, 
died  Mar.  12,  1847. 

By  these  Inscriptions  be  it  understood, 
My  occupation  was  in  shedding  blood, 
And  many  a  beast  by  me  was  weekly  slain, 
Hunger  to  ease  and  Mortals  to  maintain. 
Now  here  I  rest  from  sin  and  sorrow  free, 
By  means  of  Him  who  shed  His  blood  for  me. 

R.  B— R. 

On  a  monument  to  the  Luther  family  in 
Kelvedon  Hatch  Church,  Essex,  dated  1638, 
is  inscribed : — 

"  Fratres  in  unum  "  —  Heere  lies  Richard  and 
Anthonie  Luther  esquires,  so  truly  loving  brothers 
that  they  lived  neerefortie  years  joint  housekeepers 
at  Miles,  without  anie  accompt  between  them. 

Miles,  or  rather  Myless,  was  the  ancient 
mansion  of  the  Luther  family  in  this  parish, 
and  was  pulled  down  in  1843.  The  estate 
descended  to  the  Fanes  of  Wormsley,  in 
Oxfordshire,  one  of  whom  had  married  the 
heiress  of  the  family.  Whether  they  were  in 
any  way  descended  from  the  solitary  monk 
that  shook  the  world  I  cannot  say,  though 
certainly  the  name  points  to  a  German  origin. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 
Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

The  following  epitaph  is  from  Idle  Church- 
yard, Yorks  : — 

In  Memory  of  Jeremiah  Brooke  of  Idle. 

As  a  mariner  on  the  troubled  ocean  of  human  life 
he  had  many  severe  tossings  and  many  fierce  strug- 
gles with  its  tempestuous  billows  until  at  length  he 
welcomed  Christ  as  the  great  Captain  of  his  Salva- 
tion and  on  the  29th  day  of  December  1851  he  was 
enabled  to  cast  Anchor 'in  the  Article  of  Death  and 
enter  the  Haven  of  Eternal  repose  after  a  voyage 
of  f>7  years.  His  voice  of  warning  to  those  he  has 


left  behind  is  Welcome  the  same  Captain  for  there- 
are  storms  on  life's  dark  waters. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 
Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 


ISAAC    WATTS    AND    COWPER.  —  In     the- 
Student's     English    Literature'    (Murray, 
1901)  this  is   part  of  what  is  said  of  Isaac 
Watts  :— 

1  His  hymns  are  well  known  to  all  Englishmen — 
few  hymns  can  surpass  *  God  moves  in  a  mysterious- 
way '  for  a  certain  majesty  of  simple  sound." 

This  ascription  to  Watts  of  Cowper's  stately 
and  sonorous  'Light  shining  out  of  Dark- 
ness' suggests  a  reference  to  the  earlier 
writer's  hymn  'Heavenly  Joy  on  Earth,* 
which  constitutes  No.  xxx.  in  'Hymns  and 
Spiritual  Songs,'  book  ii.  (ed.  1758).  The- 
fourth  stanza  of  this  hymn  : — 

The  God  that  rules  on  high, 
And  thunders  when  he  please  ; 
That  rides  upon  the  stormy  sky, 
And  manages  the  seas — 

is  not  an  unworthy  predecessor  of  Cowper's* 
stronger  and  more  resonant  delineation  : — 
God  moves  in  a  mysterious  way 

His  wonders  to  perform  ; 
He  plants  his  footsteps  in  the  sea, 
And  rides  upon  the  storm. 

THOMAS  BAYNE. 

BLYSSE  OF  DAVENTRY  AND  OTHER  PARTS- 
OF  NORTHAMPTON.— I  shall  have  pleasure  in 
supplying  entries  to  correspondents  interested 
in  this  family.  (Rev.)  B.  W.  BLIN-STOYLE. 

Daventry. 

WITCHCRAFT     BIBLIOGRAPHY.     (See   ante, 
p.   265.)— The  following   references  may  be- 
round   useful    by  some   of    the    readers    of 
1  N.  &  Q.'  :— 

Archceologia,  Index. 

Blakeborough, '  Wit  of  the  North  Riding,'  169. 

Butler,  'Book  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church,'  48. 

Cotton,  '  Exeter  Gleanings,'  149. 

Ferguson, 'Carlisle,' 127. 

Foxe,  'Acts  and  Monuments,'  ed.  1855,  iii.  179. 

Gentleman's  Mag.,  i.  29,  38  ;  xxi.  269. 

Gentleman's  Mag.  Library:  '  Eng.  Topog.,'  iv. 
88;  viii.  113. 

Gentleman's  Mag.  Library:  'Popular  Supersti 
tions,'  Index. 

Giraldus  Camb.,  v.  106. 

Hamilton,  '  Quarter  Sessions,'  87. 

Historical  MSS.  Com.  Reports,  i.  122 ;  vi.  104 ; 
vii.  Ill,  445. 

Jackson,  '  Shropshire  Folk-lore,'  145. 

Jeayes,  '  Berkeley  Charters,'  335. 

Johnson,  'Leicester,'  183. 

Le  Brun,  '  Superstitions  Anciennes  et  Modernes  ' 
i.  158  ;  ii.  33. 

Lecky,  * Hist,  of  England  in  the  Eighteenth  Cent.,"" 
third  ed.,  i.  266-7  ;  iii.  504. 

Lees,  *  Paisley,'  3J7. 

Macgeorge,  '  Glasgow,'  194. 

•  Middlesex  County  Records,'  i.  Index. 


324 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  OCT.  22,  im 


Moore,  4  Surnames  in  Man,'  195. 
North  Riding  Record  Soc.,  iii.  Index. 
Parker  Soc.,  Index. 

Pastor,  'History  of  the  Popes,'  English  trans., 
v.  349. 


r 103. 

Smyth,  *  Hundred  of  Berkeley,'  94.' 
Thiers,  '  Traite  des  Superstitions  qui  regardent 
les  Sacremens,'  i.  238  ;  iv.  522. 

Walker,  '  Sufferings  of  the  Clergy,'  299. 

Whitelock,  'Memorials,' Index. 

*  York  Castle  Depositions,'  Surtees  Soc. 

ASTAKTE. 

"  VALKYRIE  "  :  ITS  PRONUNCIATION.—  The 
pronunciation  of  Viking  has  been  discussed 
in  these  columns  (see  ante,  p.  125),  but  I  do 
not  remember  seeing  any  question  as_  to 
Valkyrie.  The  '  Century  Dictionary  '  gives 
walky'rie,  with  penultimate  stress.  Is  this  a 
misprint  ?  The  lines  appended  in  illustration, 
irom  one  of  the  old  English  'Alliterative 
Poems'  (ed.  Morris),  prove  both  by  their 
rhythm  and  alliteration  that  the  correct 
sound  is  wdlkyrie  :— 

Wychez  &  walkyries  wonnen  to  that  sale. 
The  'Century'  is  thus  "hoist  with  its  owne 
petar,"  or  with  its  own  quotation,  which  is 
confirmed  by  the  practice  of    later  bards. 
Southey,  in  an  early  effort,  called  '  The  Death 
of  Odin'  ('Poems,'  by  R.    Lovell    and    R. 
Southey,  1795,  p.  106),  has  vdlkery:— 
No  virgin  goddess  him  shall  call, 
To  join  you  in  the  shield-roof  d  hall ; 
No  Valkery  for  him  prepare 
The  smiling  mead  with  lovely  care. 

Modern  authors  seem  to  prefer  the  abbrevia- 
tion vdlkyr,  e.g.,  William  Morris  in  his  '  Story 
of  Sigurd  the  Volsung.'  How  did  Lord  Dun- 
raven  accent  the  name  of  his  yacht,  the 
Valkyrie,  which  competed  for  the  America 
cup?  JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

TENNYSON'S  HOUSE,  TWICKENHAM.  —  On 
looking  over  the  advertisements  in  the 
Morning  Post  of  12  September  I  came  across 
one  with  this  heading,  notifying  that  the 
house  was  to  be  let.  It  was  described  as 
having  been  "for  many  years  the  residence 
of  the  poet,  wherein  were  composed  his  prin- 
cipal works."  The  house  in  Tennyson's  time 
was  known  as  Chapel  House,  Montpelier 
Row,  a  designation  which,  according  to  the 
Rev.  R.  S.  Cobbett  in  his  '  Memorials  of 
Twickenham '  (p.  376),  was  subsequently 
changed  to  Holyrood  House.  Tennyson  and 
his  wife  entered  into  occupation  of  this  house 
in  January  or  February,  1851.  It  is  described 
in  the  present  Lord  Tennyson's  '  Memoir '  of 
his  father  (i.  338)  as  overlooking  the  parks  of 
General  Peel  and  the  Due  d'Aumale.  "It 


was  entered  through  a  square  hall,  and  on 
the  fine  old  staircase  stood  the  carved  figure 
of  a  mitred  bishop,  '  as  if  to  bless  the  passers 
by.3 "  The  house  agents  say  nothing  of  this 
figure,  but  mention  the  "magnificent  stair- 
case," and  then  go  on  to  talk  about  the 
"  three  reception  rooms,  five  bedrooms,  bath, 
and  offices,"  as  if  it  had  been  merely  the 
house  of  John  Smith  or  William  Jones.  But 
the  "long,  shady,  picturesque  gardens"  re- 
call us  to  the  poet,  for  it  was  there  he  spent 
happy  days,  reading  aloud  passages  of  any 
book  that  struck  him  ('  Memoir,'  i.  355,  356). 

The  Tennysons  left  Twickenham  on  24  No- 
vember, 1853,  having  occupied  Chapel  House 
for  less  than  three  years,  and  on  the  following 
day  entered  into  possession  of  Farringford, 
near  Bonchurch,  in  the  Isle  of  Wight.  No 
work  of  importance  issued  from  the  press 
during  Tennyson's  residence  at  Twickenham. 
The  only  poems  published  by  him  during  that 
period  were  the  'Ode  on  the  Death  of  the 
Duke  of  Wellington,'  some  patriotic  poems 
in  the  Examiner,  and  the  sonnet  to  Macready. 
Mr.  Cobbett  (o.c.,  p.  55)  says  that  the  poet 
wrote  '  In  Memoriam '  in  the  "  house  nearest 
Montpelier  Chapel  on  the  north  side";  but 
this  is  a  mistake,  as  '  In  Memoriam '  had  been 
printed  in  May,  1850,  several  months  before 
Tennyson  took  up  his  residence  at  Chapel 
House. 

On  20  April,  1851,  Tennyson's  first  child 
was  born  at  Twickenham,  but  died  the  day 
of  its  birth;  and  on  11  August,  1852,  his  son 
Hallam  was  born,  his  baptism  taking  place 
at  Twickenham  Church  on  17  October  fol- 
lowing. W.  F.  PKIDEAUX. 

TIMOTHY  PONT.— In  the  article  on  Timothy 
Pont  in  the  '  Diet,  of  Nat.  Biog.'  the  follow- 
ing appears  : — 

" '  Cunninghame  Topographised,  by  Timothy 
Pont,  A.M.,  1604-1608 ;  with  Continuation  and  Illus- 
trations by  the  late  John  Robie  of  Cumnock, 
F.S.A.Seot.,  edited  by  his  son,  John  ISkelton 
Robie,'  Glasgow,  1876." 

This  is  given  as  the  title  of  a  book,  and  it 
should  read  thus  : — 

" '  Cuninghame,  Topographized  by  Timothy  Pont, 
A.M.,  1604-1608,  with  Continuations  and  Illustrative 
Notices  by  the  late  James  Dobie  of  Crummock, 
F.S.A.Seot.  Edited  by  his  son  John  Shedden 
Dobie,'  Glasgow,  1876." 

There  are  here  no  fewer  than  eight  errors 
in  five  lines.  G.  S. 

COLFE'S  ALMSHOUSES,  LEWISHAM. — Colfe's 
Almshouses,  Lewisham,  founded  and  endowed 
by  the  Rev.  Abraham  Colfe,  a  former  vicar 
of  Lewisham  (1580-1657),  are  about  to  be 
demolished,  the  excuse  being  the  insanitary 


s.  ii.  OCT.  22, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


325 


condition  of  the  premises,  which  by  an  Act 
of  Parliament  of  the  year  1664  are  vested  in 
the  Wardens  and  Society  of  the  Leathersellers 
of  London.  It  will  be  remembered  that  in 
1799  the  Leathersellers'  Company,  who  have 
a  hall  in  St.  Helen's  Place,  Bishopsgate, 
pulled  down  their  ancient  hall  and  the 
remains  of  the  Priory  of  St.  Helen,  Bishops- 
gate,  and  erected  on  the  site  a  new  hall  and 
the  houses  known  as  St.  Helen's  Place.  Mal- 
colm, who  had  apparently  seen  these  remains, 
remarks  in  his  '  Londinium  Redivivum,'  pub- 
lished in  1812:— 

"  We  will  suppose  the  monastery  of  St.  Helen 
demolished,  the  materials  disposed  of,  and  the 
purchase  of  the  site  compleated  by  the  Company. 
The  architect  finds  a  foundation  far  superior  to  any 
their  funds  will  supply,  and  therefore  cases  the 
basement  walla  with  brick,  and  makes  the  pave- 
ment (ready  for  his  purpose)  serve  as  the  floor  for 
the  New  HalL  And  thus  far  he  acted  wisely ;  for 
his  work  of  1567  became  too  ruinous  and  expensive 
for  repair  in  1797,  was  taken  down  and  will  be  for- 
gotten. What  remains  to  be  said  of  the  ancient 
crypt  ?  That  it  would  not  have  required  repair  for 
500  years  to  come.  Had  the  enormous  masses  of 
fungous  webs,  which  depended  from  the  arches  of 
this  beautiful  work,  been  carefully  swept  away,  and 
the  walls  rubbed  with  a  dry  broom,  the  antient 
windows  re-opened,  the  earth  that  clogged  the 
pavements  removed,  and  its  other  defilements 
cleared  off,  these  crypts,  now  scattered  in  piles  of 
rubbish,  would  have  formed  a  church  how  infinitely 
superior  to  forty  I  could  name  ! 

"The  regret  with  which  I  saw  those  slender 
pillars  torn  from  their  bases,  and  the  strong  though 
delicate  arches  sundered  in  masses,  is  still  warm 
to  my  remembrance.  The  angles  were  filled  with 
white  sand,  a  layer  of  earth,  a  layer  of  oak  chips, 
one  now  lays  [sic]  before  me.  Six  hundred  years 
have  passed  since  this  wood  was  cut,  and  the  mark 
of  the  axe  is  fresh  upon  it,  and  so  on  till  the  spaces 
were  filled/' 

The  last  paragraph  of  this  description 
seems  to  refer  to  the  filling-iii  of  the  spandrels 
of  the  vaulting  of  the  crypt.  JNO.  HEBB. 

J.  C.  SCALIGER'S  BOOKS.— It  might  be  use- 
ful to  add  to  DR.  LEEPER'S  account  (9th  S.  ix. 
281,  under '  Literary  Finds  at  Melbourne')  of 
the  discovery  of  a  book  with  MS.  notes  by 
the  elder  Scaliger,  that  the  Greek  epigram 
there  quoted  may  be  seen  in  print  on  p.  7  (in 
the  preliminary  matter)  of  the  1574  edition 
of  Julius  Caesar  Scaliger's  'Poemata,'  with  a 
heading  to  the  effect  that  Scaliger  was  in  the 
habit  of  writing  it  at  the  beginning  of  his 
books  ("  Hos  versus  librorum  suorum  fronti 
lul.  Ciesar  Scaliger*  prseponebat "). 

The  lines  are  to  be  found  under  the  same 
heading  in  the  'Scaligerana  Prima'  (p.  45  of 
the  complete  '  Scaligerana '  in  the  inaccurate 
edition  of  1685),  with  a  French  version  by 


"Semper  prteponebat,"  ed.  1600. 


Sammarthanus  and  two  Latin  renderings,. 
the  latter  of  which  is  attributed  to  Joseph 
Scaliger.  Two  Greek  iambic  trimeter  lines 
are  also  given,  with  the  statement  that  Julius- 
Scaliger  usually  put  these  as  well  at  the  be- 
ginning of  his  books.  They  are  certainly  less- 
appropriate. 

The  phrase  iraly^a.  TV^S  in  the  first  epi- 
gram is  quoted  near  the  end  of  J.  J.  Scaliger's. 
'Confutatio  Fabulse  Burdpnum,'  where  a> 
saying  of  his  father  containing  an  allusion  to- 
it  is  mentioned. 

The  form  of  the  epigram  in  the  'Scali- 
gerana  '  differs  in  one  word  from  that  given 
in  Scaliger's  poems,  and  both  vary  in  a  few 
small  details  from  that  quoted  by  DR.  LEEPER 
from  Scaliger's  autograph.  The  third  line 
begins— 

'Hi/  Se 


It  would  be  of  interest  to  learn  what  other 
books  can  be  similarly  identified  as  having 
formed  part  of  the  library  of  Julius  Caesar 
Scaliger.  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

The  University,  Adelaide,  S.  Australia. 

TOAD  AS  MEDICINE.—  With  reference  to  Sir 
Kenelm  Digby's  statement  (ante,  p.  272,  s.v. 
'Pin  Witchery')  that  "in  the  time  of  common 
contagion  men  used  to  carry  about  with  them 
the  powder  of  a  toad,  which  draws  the  con- 
tagious air,  which  otherwise  would  infect  the 
party,"  Vogel  (who,  like  John  Ray,  believed 
in  assigning  to  substances  those  virtues  and 
powers  which  had  been  proclaimed  from 
accumulated  experience)  speaks  of  roasted 
toad  as  a  specific  for  the  pains  of  gout. 
Blind  credulity  taught  the  baking  of  the 
toad  alive.  The  following  is  the  receipt  in 
Colborne's  '  Dispensatory  '  :— 

"  Bufo  Prceparatus.  —  Put  the  toads  alive  into  an 
earthen  pot,  and  dry  them  in  an  oven  moderately 
heated,  till  they  become  fit  to  be  powdered."— 
Paris's  *  Pharmacologia,'  1833,  p.  6. 

J.  H.  MAcMlCHAEL. 

BIDEFORD  FREEMAN  ROLL.—  The  following, 
from  the  Western  Morning  Neivs  of  21  Sept., 
may  be  worthy  of  preservation  in  the  columns 
of  '  N.  &  Q.'  :— 

INTERESTING;  FIND  AT  BIDEFORD. 

An  interesting  find  of  some  importance  to  the 
town  of  Bideford  was  made  a  day  or  two  ago,  when 
the  town  clerk  (Mr.  W.  B.  Seldpn),  in  turning 
over  some  old  papers  in  his  office,  quite  accidentally 
discovered  the  ancient  Roll  of  Freemen  of  the 
Borough  of  Bideford,  the  existence  of  which  has 
often  of  late  years  been  doubted.  The  document, 
which  is  a  yard  or  so  in  length,  and  has  attached  to 
it  a  number  of  seals,  is  in  a  state  of  very  fair  pre- 
servation, and  the  writing  upon  it  easily  decipher- 
able. The  record  extends  over  a  period  of  44  years, 
and  the  first  entry  bears  a  date  of  exactly  116  yeara 
ago  yesterday.  The  last  entry  was  made  in  1832, 


326 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [10*8.11.001.22,190*. 


•and  the  names  which  the  document  bears  include 
many  of  the  ancestors  of  honoured  families  still  in 
the  neighbourhood.  The  entries  are  as  follows  : — 

20  Sept.,  1788-George  Heywood,  Wm.  Smith, 
Wm.  Hy.  Hatherley,  Stephen  Wilcock. 

17  Sept.,  1791— Walter  Charles  Heywood. 

6  Oct.,  1791— Edward  Turner,  Geo.  Launce,  Wm. 
.Mullings,    John   Palmer,    Nicholas    Brimacombe, 
Richard    Eastman,     William    Saunders,    Charles 
Hatherley,  Richard  Heard,  Thomas  Vicary,  James 
Piper,     John     Richards,     John    Devey,     Thomas 
Hancock,  John  Goodwin,  Wm.  Hoyle,  Wm.  Harpur, 
Thos.  Loosemore. 

16  Jany.,  1792-John  Heard. 

14  Sept.,  1792— John  Clyde,  Thos.  Burnard. 
9  Dec.,  1794-John  Cleveland. 

20  Sept.,  1802- James  Kirkham  (also  Recorder). 

17  Sept.,  1803-Geo.  Pawley  Buck,  Samuel  John, 
ORev.  Thos.  Ebrey,  Laurence  Pridham. 

21  Sept.,  1803-Philip  Vyvyan. 

28  Aug.,  1806— John  Wil'lcock,  the  younger. 
2  April,  1807- John  Chanter,  William  Tardrew, 
•Geo.  Hogg. 

7  Sept.,  1807— Thos.  Vellacott,  Moses  Chanter. 

6  June,  1810— Rear-Admiral  Sir  Rd.  Goodwin 
Keats,  Knight  of  the  Bath. 

17  Sept.,  1810— John  Mill,  John  Hogg,  John 
Handford. 

8  Oct.,  1814— Robt.  Hamlyn,  the  younger;  Win. 
Teer  Hawke,  Thos.  Buruard,  Win.  Gallon,  Joseph 
Hogg,  Bailer. 

6  Aug.,  1816-Charles  Carter. 

9  June,  1817— Lewis  William  Buck. 

2  Aug.,  1817— Edward,  Lord  Viscount  Exmouth. 
30  Mar.,  1818— Richard  Buck. 

7  Dec.,  1818-Rev.  Wm.  Waller  (clerk),  Robert 
Cooke  Hamlyn. 

14  Jan.,  1819— James  Smith  Ley. 

25  Feb.,  1822- Wm.  Collins  Hatherly. 

25  Sept.,  1822-Rear- Admiral  Hy.  Rd.  Glynn. 

12  July,  1824-Francis  Wm.  Pridham. 

21  Sept.,  1824— Nathaniel  Edward  Burnard. 

15  Oct.,  1827— John  Jewell. 

5  Nov.,  1827— Chas.  Andrew  Caddy. 
14  Jany.,  1832— James    Peard    Ley,    Wm.    Hy. 
English  Burnard,  Thos.  Ley. 

R.  BARCLAY-ALLARDICE. 
Lostwithiel. 

<Hum.es, 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

'  RELIQUIAE  WOTTONIANJE.'  —  In  the  last 
edition  of  the  'Reliquiae  Wottonianse3  are 
printed  a  number  of  Sir  Henry  Wotton's 
letters  to  Lord  Zouche.  These  letters  are 
full  of  misprints,  especially  where  foreign 
words  are  quoted.  I  should  be  grateful  for 
'help  in  the  elucidation  of  the  following 
sentences. 

1.  On  6  February,  1591,  Wotton  wrote  of  a 
package  of  books  he  wished  to  send  to  Lord 
1/ouche  (then  at  Altdorf),  remarking  that  it 
was  safer  to  send  them  by  river 


"  because  I  understand  it  to  be  somewhat  dangerous 
to  venture  a  little  packet  with  the  Suralaiif,  few 
being  willing  to  trust  them  further,  than  with  such 
great  Carriages  as  they  cannot  well  forget." — P.  610. 

On  1  March  he  added  that  the  books  had 
been  lying  in  the  house  of  the  merchant  to 
whom  he  had  entrusted  them, 
"and  waited  there  till  his  next  sending  up  the 
River,  because  to  commit  them  to  the  Turleut  was 
dangerous."— P.  630. 

The  word  misprinted  Suralauf  in  one  in- 
stance, Turleut  in  the  other,  is  evidently 
descriptive  of  land  transport  as  opposed  to 
river  carriage,  but  I  have  not  been  able  to 
identify  it. 

2.  On  21  April,  1591,  Wotton  writes  from 
Vienna  of  a  book  which   he  had  asked  the 
Imperial  architect  to  lend  him  :— 

"His  answer  was  unto  me,  that  he  had  lent  it  out 
to  a  certain  Italian,  who  was  not  as  then  in  Vienna, 
but  to  return  shortly,  upon  his  first  coming  home 
he  would  meiner  gavislich  inyedanck  sein,  those  were 
his  very  words.  I  renew'd  the  promise  afterward 
by  others  means."— P.  648. 

Can  any  one  suggest  what  the  architect's 
"very  words"  really  were  1 

3.  On   8  May,  1592,  Wotton  wrote    of    a 
severe  edict  of   Clement  VIII.  against  the 
Jews    in    Rome,    ordering    their    expulsion 
unless  certain  conditions  were  complied  with. 
"A  Proposition,"  Wotton  adds,  "  scarce  to  be 
expected  even  in  tempi  santascuorim,  as  the 
Hebrews  say  "  (p.  657).    Can  any  one  explain 
the  phrase  u  tempi  santascuorim  "  ? 

L.  P.  S. 

FALSE  QUANTITIES  IN  PARLIAMENT.— When 
the  classics  were  more  quoted  in  Parliament 
than  they  are  now,  there  is  a  story  that 
Hume,  in  some  protest  against  the  lavish 
expenditure  of  Government,  cited  Cicero : 
"Non  intelligunt  homines  quam  magnum 
vectigal  sit  parsimonia,"  making  vectigal  a 
dactyl.  The  immediate  correction  of  the 
error  by  some  member  on  the  other  side  of 
the  House  (?  Canning)  only  served  to  give 
Hume  the  opportunit.y  of  repeating  the 
sentence  in  more  accordance  with  the  rules 
of  prosody.  Whether  it  were  Hume  that 
made  the  slip,  or  Canning  that  pulled  him 
up,  is  so  much  guesswork ;  but  that  the 
incident  occurred  I  arn  certain.  Perhaps 
some  one  who  has  better  knowledge  of  the 
circumstance  may  be  able  to  say  where  the 
story  is  to  be  found.  FEANCIS  KING. 

"  TROUSERED." — What  is  the  explanation 
of  this  word  in  R.  L.  Stevenson's  'An  Inland 
Voyage,'  in  the  section  headed  '  On  the 
Sambre  Canalised"?  "Even  my  pipe, although 
it  was  an  ordinary  French  clay,  pretty  well 
trousered,3  as  they  call  it,  would  have  a. 


io"  s.  ii.  OCT.  22,  ISM.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


327 


rarity  in  their  eyes,  as  a  thing  coming  from 
«o  far  away."  L.  11.  M.  STRACHAN. 

Heidelberg,  Germany. 

[Apparently  it  is  an  attempt  to  translate  the 
French  term  culottee,  applied  to  a  pipe  the  bowl 
of  which  is  coloured  by  use.] 

POEM  BY  H.  F.  LYTE.— Where  can  one  find 
the  full  words  of  a  beautiful  poem  on  a  naval 
officer's  grave  written  by  the  llev.  H.  F. 
Lyte,  the  author  of  the  well-known  hymn 
*'  Abide  with  me "  ?  The  poem  to  which  I  refer 
begins  with  the  lines 

There  is  in  the  lone,  lone  sea 

A  spot  unmarked,  but  holy. 
The  words  have  been  set  to  music  by  Sir 
Arthur  Sullivan.  They  are  not  to  be  found 
in  Lyte's  literary  remains -published  by  his 
•daughter,  Mrs.  Hogg,  in  1850.  The  poem  is 
of  high  merit,  and  not  so  well  known  as  it 
deserves  to  be.  Probably  many  of  the 
readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  would  be  grateful  for 
its  publication  in  full  in  these  pages,  which 
would  be  a  sure  way  of  saving  it  from 
perishing.  PERTINAX. 

GERMAN   VOLKSLIED.— It  would    be   very 
kind  if  a  reader  would  send  me  on  a  postcard 
the  source  of  the  German  Volkslied:— 
Es  ist  bestimnit  in  Gottes  Rath 
Dass  Mann  vom  liebsten  was  Mann  hat 

Musz  scheiden,  ja  scheiden. 
I  cannot  remember  whether  it  is  by  Heine 
or  not.  W.  K.  W.  CIIAFY. 

Junior  Carlton  Club. 

BARBARA  GRANT.— Mr.  Saintsbury,  in  his 
preface  to  'Pride  and  Prejudice,'  says  :— 

"  In  the  novels  of  the  last  one  hundred  years, 
there  are  vast  numbers  of  young  ladies  with  whom 
it  might  be  a  pleasure  to  fall  in  love  ;  there  are  at 
least  live  with  whom,  as  it  seems  to  me,  no  man  of 
taste  and  spirit  can  help  doing  so.  Their  names 
Are,  in  chronological  order,  Elizabeth  Bennet,  Diana 
"Vernon,  Argemone Livington,  Beatrix  Esmond,  and 
Barbara  Grant." 

The  first  four,  of  course,  are  well  known ; 
but  who  was  Barbara  Grant  ?  HELGA. 

[She  figures  in  Stevenson's  'Catriona.'] 

GEORGE  WASHINGTON'S  ARMS.— Can  any  of 
your  readers  tell  me  what  was  George  Wash- 
ington's coat  of  arms  ?  I  am  told  it  is  still 
to  be  seen  on  the  tombs  of  his  ancestors  in 
the  north  of  England.  Can  any  one  inform 
me  where?  P.  A.  F.  STEPHENSON. 

Neuchatel. 

["Information  concerning  the  Washington  arms 
will  be  found  4th  S.  i\.  :*irJ  ;  7t!>  S.  vi.  494.  Many 
articles  on  Washington's  ancestors  appeared  in  the 
.Sixth  and  Seventh  Series.] 

'*  MUGWUMP.  '—When  was  this  term  first 
introduced  into  American  politics?  Accord- 


ing to  *  The  Century  Cyclopaedia  of  Names/ 
it  was  not  generally  known  in  any  sense 
before  1884,  when  it  was  applied  to,  and  at 
once  accepted  by,  the  independent  members 
of  the  Republican  party,  who  openly  refused 
to  support  the  nominee  (Blaine)  of  that  party 
for  the  presidency  of  the  United  States.  But 
in  the  Morning  Leader  of  26  July,  4'S.  L.  H.," 
writing  under  *  Sub  Rosa,'  observed  :  — 

"  The  other  day  I  saw  this  remark  quoted  from  a 
leading  article  in  the  Xew  York  Tribune,  of  KJ  Feb., 
1877  :  '  Listen  !  John  A.  Logan  is  the  Head  Centre, 
the  Hub,  the  King  Pin,  the  Main  Spring,  Mogul 
and  Mugwump  of  the  final  plot  by  which  partisan- 
ship was  installed  in  the  Commission.'  " 

The  Commission  in  question  would  have 
been  that  appointed  by  Congress  specially 
to  settle  the  presidential  difficulty  between 
Hayes  and  Tilden  ;  and  the  word  mugwump 
in  this  relation  would  seem  to  have  been  in 
the  original  meaning  —  "from  Algouquian 
mugquomp,  a  chief  or  leader  "  —  given  in  *  The 
Century  Cyclopaedia  of  Names.'  But  it  is  a 
distinctly  political  use,  and  through  it  the 
present  application  of  the  term  may  be 
possible  to  be  traced.  POLITICIAN. 

[See  7th  S.  i.  29,  172;  ii.  117,  177.] 

"VINE"  INN,  HIGHGATE  ROAD.—  Will  any 
reader  of  'N.  &  Q.'  kindly  refer  me  to  a 
work  containing  a  history  of  the  "  Vine"  Inn, 
Highgate  Road,  N.W.?  T. 

"ENGLISH."  —  What  is  the  now  generally 
accepted  derivation  of  "Eng-land,"   "Eng- 
" 


lish"? 


G.  C. 


[Angle-land.  See  '  Angle,'  '  England,'  '  English/ 
in  '  N.E.LV] 

"  PEARMAIN  "  :  "  PEARWEEDS."  —  Has  any 
satisfactory  solution  been  given  of  "pear- 
main"?  Dean  Swift,  in  one  of  his  letters  to 
Pope,  dated  20  April,  1731,  has  the  following  : 
"  I  suffer  peach,  and  nectarine,  and  pearweeds 
to  grow  in  my  famous  garden  of  Naboth's 
vineyard."  What  did  he  mean  by  "pear- 
weeds"?  G.  C. 

'WILLIAM  TELL.'—  I  shall  be  glad  to  know 
the  author  of  this  poem,  beginning 
"  Place  there  the  boy,"  the  tyrant  said  ; 
"  Fix  me  the  apple  on  his  head  ; 

Ha  !  rebel—  now  ! 

There  is  a  fair  mark  for  thy  shaft  ; 
There,  try  thy  boasted  archer-craf 
And  hoarsely  the  dark  Austrian  laughed. 

S.  J.  A.  F. 

[Stated  in  Nelson's  'Advanced  Reader'  to  be  by 
Baine,  but  no  Christian  name  given.] 

MACK  HAM'S  SPELLING  -  BOOK.  —  In  1815 
Daniel  Isaac,  an  itinerant  Wesley  an  preacher, 
wrote  a  book  on  '  Ecclesiastical  Claims.'  On 


328 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [10*8.11.001.22,1904. 


p.  81  he  makes  some  ill-natured  remarks 
about  Archbishop  Markham,  and,  with  the 
purpose  of  bringing  him  into  ridicule,  he 

adds,  "Though  he has  not  favoured  the 

Church  with  any  religious  publication,  he 
has  enriched  the  republic  of  letters  with  a 
spelling-book."  I  do  not  find  any  mention 
of  such  a  book.  What  was  it?  W.  C.  B. 

JOHN  JENKINSON.— Can  any  of  your  readers 
inform  me  where  John  Jenkinson  was  married 
about  1701 1  Are  any  of  his  descendants  to 
be  found,  and  where  ?  So  far  as  I  can  learn, 
he  settled  near  Huddersfield  for  a  quarter  of 
a  century.  He  afterwards  removed  to  London, 
where  his  daughters  Mary  (baptized  1702) 
and  Hannah  (baptized  1710)  married  respec- 
tively a  Mr.  King  and  a  Mr.  Newton. 

WALTER  J.  KAYE,  M.A. 

Pembroke  College,  Harrogate. 

MANCHET.— The  old  term  "  manchet "  for  a 
small  loaf  or  roll  of  fine  bread  is  much  dis- 
cussed in  the  Sixth  Series ;  but  I  do  not 
remember  to  have  seen  any  etymological 
explanation  of  it.  Could  it  derive  from  Fr. 
manche,  sleeve,  as  being  easily  portable  in 
that  mediaeval  substitute  for  a  pocket  ?  The 
Cornish  variant  "  mansion "  might  read 
manchon.  ETHEL  LEGA-WEEKES. 

[The  part  just  issued  of  the  '  N.E.D.'  says  :  "  Of 
doubtful  origin.  At  Rouen,  a  ring-shaped  cake  of 
bread  (in  ordinary  Fr.  called  couronne)  is  known  as 
manchette,  lit.  '  cuff'  (Robin,  '  Patois  normand,'  and 
Littre",  'Suppl.'),  but  this  name  (which  may  be  of 
recent  origin)  is  obviously  descriptive  of  shape, 
while  the  Eng.  word  in  early  use  denotes  a  certain 
quality  of  bread.  The  identity  of  sense  with 
PAINDEMAINE,  DEMEINE,  mainebread  (see  MAINE, 
sb.)  suggests  the  possibility  of  etymological  con- 
nexion with  those  words.  The  word  might  repre- 
sent an  AF.  diminutive  f.  *demenche:—L.dominica, 
or  it  might  be  an  Eng.  compound  f.  MAINE,  sb.  + 
CHEAT,  sb.2  ;  but  either  supposition  involves  some 
difficulties.''] 

THE  *  DECAMERON.' — 

"Some  day  it  maybe  necessary  to  bring  before 
the  modern  public  the  almost  incredible,  but  yet 
indubitable,  history  of  the  negotiations  and  arrange- 
ments which  were  made  by  the  State  of  Florence 
with  the  See  of  Rome  in  relation  to  the  'De- 
cameron' of  Boccaccio."— W.  E.  Gladstone  in  the 
Quarterly  Review,  January,  1875. 

What  was  the  nature  of  these  "  negotiations 
and  arrangements "  ?  and  where  does  their 
"  history  "  lie  embedded  1  My  information 
so  far  is  limited  to  the  following  passage  in 
my  edition  (1827,  Firenze)  of  the  work  :— 

"I  pontefici  Paolo  IV.  e  Pio  IV.  lo  proibirono 
[the  first  edition  of  1470];  ma  essendosi  i  due 
Granduchi  di  Toscana  Cosimo  I.  e  Francesco  I. 
interppsti  in  tempi  diversi  presso  i  due  altri 
pontefici  Pio  V.  e  Gregorio  XIII.  onde  ottenere  la 
iacolti\  di  riprodurlo,  fu  questa  accordata,  purche 


venissero  tolti,  o  modificati  quei  passi  che  1'  aveaa 
fatto  proibire :  in  conseguenza  di  cio  fu  data  la 
commissione  ad  alcuni  Accademici  di  riformarlo, 
ed  ayendovi  essi  fatte  molte  correzioni  e  sop- 
pressioni,  questo  librp  emendate  in  tal  modo,  fu 
stampato  dai  Giunti  di  Firenze  nel  1573 ;  e  questa  e 
conosciuta  sotto  il  nome  di  Edizione  dei  Deputati" 

Where  can  I  obtain  an   up-to-date  list  of 
all  the  editions,  complete  and  incomplete  ? 
J.  B.  McGovEEN. 
St.  Stephen's  Rectory,  C.-on-M.,  Manchester. 

GWILLIM'S  'DISPLAY  OF  HERALDRIE.'  —  I 
have  been  told  that  the  first  edition  (1610) 
of  the  above  work  was  compiled  by  one 
Bareham  (?)  about  1575,  and  should  much 
like  to  know  whether  this  is  correct.  Any 
information  regarding  it  would  be  much 
appreciated.  CHAS.  H.  CROTJCH. 

5,  Grove  Villas,  Wanstead. 

THEATRE-BUILDING. —  Can  any  reader  say 
where  copies  are  preserved  of  two  rare  Italian 
books  on  this  subject,  one  by  Scipio  Chiara- 
monte,  published  in  octavo  at  Cesena  in  1675, 
and  entitled  '  Delle  Scene  e  Teatri,'  the  other 
by  Motta  Fabricio  Carini,  exact  title  un- 
known, but  published  at  Guastella  in  folio  i  n 
1646?  Strange  to  say,  neither  the  British 
Museum  Library  nor  the  library  of  the  Royal 
Society  of  British  Architects  possesses  copies 
of  either.  W.  J.  L. 

KISSING  GATES.— In  the  grazing  district; 
round  Romney  Marsh  the  swing  gates  placed 
on  public  footpaths  across  pastures  (and  so- 
constructed  as  to  allow  persons  to  pass  freely 
while  preventing  stock  from  straying)  are  so 
termed  by  some  of  the  older  local  folk.  13 
the  term  used  elsewhere  in  rural  districts  I 
and  can  any  explanation  be  given  of  its 
origin?  MAN  OF  KENT. 

[The  opportunity  for  osculation  afforded  when 
two  people  of  opposite  sexes  pass  through  at  the 
same  time  seems  an  obvious  source  of  the  name.] 

ARMORIAL  BEAEINGS.— Can  any  of  your 
readers  give  me  correct  information  on  the 
following  point  ?  A  pays  for  the  privilege  of 
using  armorial  bearings.  B  and  C,  his  son 
and  daughter  respectively,  are  still  members 
of  his  household  (though  B  has  come  of 
age),  and  are  entirely  dependent  upon  him. 
Can  B  or  C  wear  the  family  crest  on  a  ring 
without  any  additional  fee  ?  ZETA. 

SQUIRE  DICK  SMITH.— Some  time  in  the 
beginning  of  the  nineteenth  century  there 
lived  a  rather  well-known  sporting  man,  said 
to  have  come  from  Suffolk,  and  known 
familiarly  as  "Squire  Dick  Smith."  I  have 
not  been  able  to  unearth  him,  and  should  feel 
obliged  for  any  scent  of  him. 

CHARLES  SWYNNERTON* 


.  ii.  OCT.  22, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


329 


THE  MUSSUK. 
(10th  S.  ii.  263.) 

HAVING  myself  crossed  a  broad  river  on  a 
mussak,  may  I  give  MB.  THOMAS  my  ex- 
perience of  it  ? 

I  was  travelling  with  my  husband  in  1894 
in  the  Himalayas  from  Ley  to  Simla.    After 
leaving  Kulu  we  had  very  bad  weather ;  for 
a  whole  month  we  had  deluges  of  rain,  causing 
heavy  floods,  and  washing  away  all  the  bridges 
and  roads  between  Kulu  and  the  Indus.    It 
was  impossible  to  reach  any  bridge  over  the 
Indus,  which  was  a  swirling  yellow  flood,  22  feet 
above  its  normal  level,  and  as  wide  as  the 
Thames  at  Westminster.    Our  only  means  of 
crossing  was  on  mussaks.     Those  we  used 
were  of  bullock  skins,  shaven  of  hair,  the  legs 
cut  off  about  the  knees.     The  head  was  left, 
but  carefully  sewn  up.  The  inflation  was  done 
by  the  mouth,  through  one  leg.    When  the 
raussak  was  fully  inflated  the  end  was  turned 
down  a  few  inches  and  tied   tightly  round 
with  string.    Across  the  mussak  lay  a  native, 
•who  used  a  small  wooden  paddle  with   his 
hands,  paddling  with  his  feet  on  the  other 
side.     I  curled  myself  up  longside  him  and 
held  him  round   his  shoulders,  and   off  we 
went.    I  candidlv  admit  I  was  in  a  "blue 
funk,"  as  schoolboys  say.    When  we  were 
once  launched  on   the  flood,   the  sensation 
was  delightful ;  the  extreme  buoyancy  of  the 
mussak  (although  so  heavily  weighted)  took 
it  to  the  top  of  every  swirling  wave.    We 
were  rushed  down,  the  man  paddling  across 
for  all  he  was  worth,  and  landed  about  a  mile 
down  stream  on  the  opposite  bank.     The 
river  took  a  very  sharp  curve  here,  so  the 
mussak   men   were  enabled    to  reland  only 
about  three-quarters  of  a  mile  whence  they 
started,  and  carried  their  mussaks  back  over- 
land.     Our  servants  and  all  our    baggage 
came  across  in  the  same  way.   We  had  twelve 
mussaks  going  for  three  hours  to    get  all 
across.      We    were   so   delighted    with    the 
sensation  that  lower  down  the  river  my  hus- 
band and  I  each  got  on  a  mussak  and  were 
paddled  about  two  miles  down  the  Indus  to 
Balaspore,  our  destination  for  the  night. 

Frequently  rafts  are  made  by  tying  a  small 
platform  of  flat  logs  or  a  charpoy  (erroneously 
called  a  "  charpon  "  by  Mr.  Sandford)  on  the 
top  of  four  to  eight  or  more  mussaks.  This 
kind  of  mussak  must  not  be  confounded  with 
the  small  hand  mussak  used  throughout  India 
by  the  natives.  I  have  also  seen  it  used  in 
Morocco  for  carrying  water,  the  neck  of 
which  (not  the  leg)  is  open,  and  is  a  goat-skin. 


The  mussak  for  floating  does  not,  in  the 
ordinary  sense  of  the  words,  support  a 
swimmer,  as  the  man  sits  or  lies  on  it.  I 
saw  quite  small  children  at  Balaspore  on  tiny 
mussaks,  which  must  have  been  skins  of  a 
smaller  animal,  paddling  them  most  cleverly 
in  the  rapid  stream.  I  think  the  person  in 
India  who  gave  the  astonishing  replies  to 
MR.  THOMAS  confused  the  word  "  swimmer  " 
in  his  mind.  The  man  sitting  on  the  mussak 
and  yet  using  his  arms  and  hands  might  be 
called  a  swimmer,  and  this  "swimmer  could 
easily,  while  crossing  a  river,  reinflate  the 
skin  by  untying  the  leg,  holding  it  very  tight 
while  blowing  it  out ;  and  because  the 
Assyrian  sculptures  do  not  illustrate  this,  it 
does  not  follow  it  was  never  done.  I  believe 
the  correct  spelling  of  the  word  is  "mussak." 
Far  from  a  mussak  carrying  only  light 
parcels,  &c.,  it  carries,  as  I  have  told  you,  two 
persons  of  no  light  weight,  my  husband 
weighing  nearly  twelve  stone.  I  think  the 
answer  to  No.  4  query  is  quite  wrong  so  far 
as  the  Himalayas  are  concerned.  I  would 
willingly  send  MR.  THOMAS  a  rough  drawing 
of  a  mussak  if  he  wishes  for  it. 

P.  A.  F.  STEPHENSON. 
Neuchatel,  Switzerland. 

Having  lived  many  years  in  India,  I  am 
able  to  testify  to  the  general  correctness  of 
the  statements  contained  in  Mr.  J.  R.  Sand- 
ford's  letter.  There  is  a  misprint  in  the 
penultimate  paragraph,  where  for  "  charpon  " 
should  be  read  charpoy,  which  means  a  four- 
legged  bedstead. 

I  do  not  think  MR.  THOMAS'S  other 
informant  is  wrong  in  saying  that  a  person 
can  learn  to  swim  with  a  mussuk  in  three  or 
Pour  trials.  It  is  not  a  question  of  swimming, 
but  of  floating  ;  and  if  a  person  has  sufficient 
nerve  to  "  let  himself  go,"  he  could  do  this 
at  the  first  trial,  should  necessity  require  it. 

The  word  is  derived  from  the  Persian  mashk 
'not  mashak,  as  in  Yule),  which  means  a  goat 
or  sheep  skin,  used  for  holding  buttermilk  or 
water.  The  English  seem  to  have  a  difficulty 
"n  pronouncing  sh  before  a  consonant ;  and 
similarly  the  person  who  carries  the  mussuk, 
he  bihishtiy  or  denizen  of  Paradise,  has  been 
corrupted  into  the  useful  and  necessary 
~>heesty.  W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

PURCELL'S  Music  FOR  'THE  TEMPEST  '  (10th 
S.  ii.  164,  270).— Personally  I  am  very  thank- 
7ul  to  PROF.  CUMMINGS  for  his  contribution 
>n  this  perplexing  subject,  as  one  of  the  facts 
he  educes  enables  me  to  decide  an  important 
side  issue.  Hitherto  all  the  editors  of  Dryden 
mve  taken  it  for  granted  that  the  anonymous 
and  misleading  "comedy "of  'The  Tempest' 


330 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io«>  s.  n.  OCT.  22, loo*. 


published  in  1674  by  Herringman  is  nothing 
more  than  an  amended  copy  of  the  Dryden- 
Davenant  play  of  1670.  This  was  so  com- 
pletely Scott's  view  that  the  version  of  '  The 
Tempest'  given  in  his  'Dryden'  is  wholly 
taken  from  the  later  quarto.  My  contention, 
as  first  entered  upon  some  few  months  back 
in  Anglia,  that  the  so-called  comedy  of  1674 
represented  the  book  of  Shad  well's  opera, 
can  now  be  maintained  beyond  dispute.  PROF. 
CUMMINGS  points  out  that  in  1680  Pietro 
Keggio  published  his  "  Song  in  the  Tempest. 
The  words  by  Mr.  Shadwell,"  commencing 
"Arise,  ye  subterranean  winds."  As  this 
song  is  printed  in  Act  II.  sc.  iv.  of  the  1674 
quarto,  it  follows  that  that  particular  version 
of  *  The  Tempest '  must  undoubtedly  be 
Shad  well's. 

I  fail  to  gather  from  PROF.  CUMMINGS'S 
statement  whether  he  retains  the  impression 
that  Reggio  wrote  the  vocal  music  for  *  The 
Tempest'  of  1674.  To  me  it  hardly  seems 
probable,  as  the  celebrated  lutenist  apparently 
remained  at  Oxford,  where  he  had  settled  on 
first  coming  to  England,  until  after  the 
publication  there  of  his  treatise  on  singing 
in  1677. 

Plausible  as  appear  PROF.  CUMMINGS'S 
conjectures  in  support  of  his  theory 
relative  to  the  later  date  of  Purcell's 
4 Tempest'  music,  they  are  based  on  un- 
satisfying data.  Failing  some  really 
definite  clue  to  the  period  of  perform- 
ance^ we  are  left  to  flounder  in  a  puddle  of 
surmise,  and  the  best  we  can  do  is  to  pre- 
serve an  open  mind.  In  support  of  PROF. 
CUMMINGS'S  contention,  it  may  be  advanced 
that  the  text  of  the  anonymous  quarto  of 
1674  (otherwise  the  Shadwell  opera)  was 
reprinted  in  1690.  But,  considering  that  the 
entire  resetting  of  an  old  opera  would  ad- 
vance it  to  the  category  of  new  productions, 
it  is  passing  strange  that  theatrical  annals 
are  silent  as  to  any  such  production.  Beyond 
the  existence  of  Purcell's  music,  we  have  no 
evidence  of  any  revival  of  'The  Tempest' 
from  1674  until  the  first  quarter  of  the 
eighteenth  century. 

One  other  point  I  advance  with  some  trepi- 
dation, as  the  authority  upon  which  I  lean  is 
none  of  the  stoutest.  Grove  states  that  Locke 
wrote  the  vocal  music  and  Draghi  the  instru- 
mental for  'Psyche,'  and  that  the  former 
published  his  quota  in  conjunction  with 
his  '  Tempest '  music  in  1675.  Of  the  correct- 
ness of  this  statement  I  can  say  nothing,  not 
having  the  work  to  refer  to ;  but  it  appears  to 
me  that  if  the  preface  cited  from  by  PROF. 
CUMMINGS  be  common  to  both  scores,  Locke's 
allusion  to  his  omission,  by  arrangement 


with  Draghi,  of  the  "  tunes  of  the  Entries 
and  Dances,"  refers  rather  to  the  '  Psyche ' 
than  the  *  Tempest '  score.  Those  who  have 
made  a  study  of  the  French  comedie-ballet 
will  know  how  apposite  the  term  "  entries  "  is 
to  that  curiously  composite  form  of  theatrical 
entertainment.  Hence  it  would  be  more  fitly 
applied  to  an  opera  like  '  Psyche,'  possessing 
a  French  prototype  and  employing  French 
dancers,  than  to  a  native-grown  and  more 
homogeneous  production  like  '  The  Tempest.' 
I  submit  these  reflections  to  PROF.  CUMMINGS 
for  what  they  are  worth,  and  would  fain  ask 
him  to  re-examine  Locke's  preface  in  con- 
nexion with  the  work,  and  see  whether 
the  reference  to  Draghi  does  not  admit  of  this 
interpretation.  W.  J.  LAWRENCE. 

4  EXPERIENCES  OF  A  GAOL  CHAPLAIN  '  (10th 
S.  ii.  267).— So  long  ago  as  1868,  in  the  'Hand- 
book of  Fictitious  Names/  p.  188,  under 
pp.  226  and  208,  the  name  of  Erskine  Neale 
was  given  as  the  author.  See  also  Boase's 
'  Modern  English  Biography.' 

EALPH  THOMAS. 

This  work  originally  appeared  in  Bentletfs 
Miscellany,  circa  1845,  and  was  reissued  in 
three  volumes  in  1847  by  the  same  publisher. 
It  is  a  purely  imaginary  record,  though  per- 
haps based  on  truth.  Some  of  the  scenes  are 
laid  in  Suffolk,  and  some  in  Devonshire.  The 
author  was  the  llev.  Erskine  Neale,  rector  of 
Kirton,  an  adjacent  parish  to  Newbourne, 
and  afterwards  vicar  of  Exning,  near  New- 
market. The  preface  is  misleading,  as  it 
purports  to  prove  the  book  an  actual  record 
of  facts,  and  there  certainly  is  an  air  of 
vraisemblance.  JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

In  the  'D.N.B.'(vol.  xl.  141)  this  is  included 
in  the  works  of  the  Rev.  Erskine  Neale,  who 
died  in  1883,  and  Allibone  also  attributes  it 
to  him. 

At  9th  S.  ix.  449  I  asked  for  the  author  of 
'  Stray  Leaves  from  a  Freemason's  Note  Book, 
by  a  Suffolk  Rector'  (1846),  but  no  replies 
appeared.  This  last  has  been  erroneously 
attributed  to  Dr.  George  Oliver  (mainly  be- 
cause issued  by  a  publisher  of  the  latter's 
works),  but  I  think  it  was  written  by  Mr. 
Neale,  who  held  livings  in  Suffolk,  and  gave 
similar  titles  to  his  books,  e.g.,  'The  Life- 
Book  of  a  Labourer '  and  '  The  Note-Book  of 
a  Coroner's  Clerk.'  Notices  of  Mr.  Neale's 
books  appeared  at  6th  S.  xii.  465  and  7th  S.  i. 
31,  but  no  mention  was  there  made  of  '  Stray 
Leaves.'  W.  B.  H. 

[Reply  also  from  W.  C.  B.] 

PARISH  DOCUMENTS  :  THEIR  PRESERVATION 
(10th  S.  ii.  267).— Would  it  not  be  possible  for 


s.  ii.  OCT.  22,  low.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


331 


the  various  County  and  District  Councils  to 
offer  to  undertake  the  custody  of  all  parish 
registers  and  records  anterior  to,  say,  1850? 
They  would  be  safer  and  much  more  acces- 
sible for  reference  than  they  are  now.  Many 
Nonconformist  bodies  have  also  records  of 
•considerable  value,  which  might  be  cared  for 
in  the  same  way.  WM.  H.  FEET. 

It  is  to  be  feared  that  the  question  raised 
by  WEST-COUNTRY  RECTOR  is  one  that  more 
frequently  exercises  the  mind  of  a  student 
than  a  custodian,  judging  by  my  experience 
of  these  priceless  parish  memorials. 

The  most  satisfactory  solution  would  be 
for  the  nation,  or  the  various  County  Councils, 
to  bear  the  cost  of  printing  the  registers  and 
papers  so  far  remaining  unpublished,  and 
then  to  deposit  the  originals  of  a  whole 
diocese  with  the  bishop,  or  wherever  public 
safety  and  convenience  could  best  be  served. 
Or  each  incumbent  might  prepare  a  fair 
manuscript  copy  for  everyday  use  and  place 
the  originals  in  safe  deposit  with  his 
bankers. 

As  a  third  and  less  satisfactory  course,  a 
baize-lined  and  air-tight  zinc  box,  made  to  fit 
within  the  church  safe,  is  a  good  receptacle, 
provided  the  safe  itself  is  built  into  the  fabric 
of  the  church. 

In  any  case  it  should  be  regarded  as  the 
sacred  duty  of  each  rector  to  make  at  least 
one  duplicate  copy,  with  index,  of  his  parish 
documents  and  registers.  Each  one  thus 
doing  a  little  would  quickly  reduce  the  moun- 
tain of  work  which  now  lies  before  the  Parish 
Register  Society,  and  with  which  that  body 
•cannot  hope  to  cope  in  less  than  a  century  or 
two.  WM.  JAGGARD. 

139,  Canning  Street,  Liverpool. 

NORTHUMBERLAND  AND  DURHAM  FAMILY 
PEDIGREES  (10th  S.  ii.  268).— MR.  E.  THIRKELL- 
PEARCE  will  find  a  number  of  Durham  pedi- 
grees in  Surtees's  '  History  of  Durham/ also 
in  the  proceedings  of  the  Surtees  Society. 
There  is  a  later  history  of  Durham,  in  2  vols. 
•quarto,  name  forgotten,  which  also  contains 
pedigrees.  MAY. 

GODFREY  HIGGINS  (10th  ^S.  ii.  184,  276).— 
His  publications  on  lunatic  asylums  and  on 
Mohammed  are  duly  entered  in  the  notice  of 
him  in  'D.N.B.,'  xxvi.  369  ;  see  further  7th  S. 
xi.  343.  W.  C.  B. 

BACON  AND  THE  DRAMA  OF  HIS  AGE  (10th 
•S.  ii.  129, 195).— It  may  be  interesting  to  learn 
that  the  passage  quoted  by  MR.  LYNN  at 
7Ul  S.  v.  484  from  'De  Augmentis,'  book  ii. 
•(1623),  does  not  occur  in  'The  Advancement 
of  Learning '  (1605).  Even  when  translated, 


it  does  not  bear  out  the  contention  that  Bacon 
treated  the  drama  with  contempt,  as  he  says 
in  the  next  two  sentences  :— 

"It  [play-acting]  has  been  regarded  by  learned 
men  and  great  philosophers  as  a  kind  of  musician's 
bow  by  which  men's  minds  might  be  played  upon. 
And  certainly  it  is  most  true,  and  one  of  the  great 
secrets  of  nature,  that  the  minds  of  men  are  more 
open  to  impressions  and  affections  when  many  are 
gathered  together  than  when  they  are  alone." 

In  the  'De  Augmentis,'  book  vi.,  Bacon 
says  : — 

"It  is  a  thing  indeed,  if  practised  professionally, 
of  low  repute ;  but  if  it  be  made  a  part  of  disci- 
pline, it  is  of  excellent  use.  I  mean  stage-playing  : 
an  art  which  strengthens  the  memory,  regulates  the 
tone  and  effect  of  the  voice  and  pronunciation, 
teaches  a  decent  carriage  of  the  countenance  and 
gesture,  gives  not  a  little  assurance,  and  accustoms 
young  men  to  bear  being  looked  at." 

Bacon  then  gives  an  account  of  the  effect  of 
good  acting  in  the  case  of  Vibulenus,  once  an 
actor  and  afterwards  a  Roman  soldier.  Bacon, 
therefore,  had  a  very  high  idea  of  the  capa- 
bilities of  the  drama. 

The  reference  to  the  "  musician's  bow  "  in 
the  first  extract  is  reminiscent  of  Hamlet's 
remarks  to  the  players  with  regard  to  the 
pipe ;  and  in  the  second  extract  the  reference 
to  the  carriage  of  the  actor  is  not  unlike  the 
Shakespearean  lines  :— 

As  in  a  theatre  the  eyes  of  men, 
After  a  well-graced  actor  leaves  the  stage, 
Are  idly  bent  on  him  that  enters  next, 
Thinking  his  prattle  to  be  tedious. 

Then  we  have  Bacon  stating  in  the*  Ad- 
vancement' that  dramatic  poetry  is  "history 
made  visible,  for  it  represents  actions  as  if 
they  were  present,  whereas  history  represents 
them  as  past1'—  surely  sufficient  evidence  that 
Bacon  had  a  high  idea  of  the  power  of  dra- 
matic work. 

Next,  as  to  poetry,  he  says  :  "  For  the  ex- 
pression of  affection,  passions,  corruptions,  and 
customs  we  are  beholden  to  poets  more  than 
to  philosophers'  works";  and  he  again  tells 
us  that  poetry  is  one  of  the  three  "godly 
fields,"  with  observations  concerning  the 
"several  characters  and  tempers  of  men's 
natures  and  dispositions"  ('Advancement '). 

In  face  of   these  quotations  it   is  idle  to 
maintain  that  Bacon  did  not  appreciate  the 
work  possible  to  poetry  and  the  drama.     No 
man  knew  its  value  better  than  did  Bacon. 
GEORGE  STRONACH. 

EEL  FOLK-LORE  (10th  S.  ii.  149,  231).— I  live 
by  what  remains  of  Chi-swick  Ait,  which,  in 
defect  of  a  few  piles,  is  being  rapidly  washed 
away.  Not  long  since  there  was  a  consider- 
able storm,  including  thunder,  lightning,  and 
torrents  of  rain.  The  next  day  after  this 


332 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  OCT.  22,  im. 


the  ebbing  tide  bore  past  my  house  not 
merely  scores,  but  thousands  of  fish,  besides 
an  eel  or  two,  the  whole  of  which  had  but 
recently  died I;  so  fresh,  pure,  and  brilliant 
were  their  skins  that  one  might  have  thought 
them  still  living.  They  varied  from  about 
six  inches  to  rather  more  than  a  foot  in 
length,  and  comprised  roach,  dace,  and  the 
like.  Inquiring  of  my  amphibious  neigh- 
bours what  was  the  cause  of  this  destruction, 
I  was  told  that  u  the  storm  killed  them,  as  it 
often  does."  Thus  it  seems  there  is  a  common 
belief  that  storms  are  fatal  to  other  creatures 
than  the  snakes  mentioned  in  the  '  Pro- 
verbi  Italiani'  of  Pescetti.  I  was,  in  addi- 
tion, told  that  a  boy  (some  said  two  boys) 
was  drowned  in  sight  of  my  place  through  his 
over-eagerness  to  take  some  of  the  thunder- 
smitten  fish  out  of  the  Thames.  O. 

THOMAS  BEACH,  THE  PORTRAIT  PAINTER 
(10th  S.  ii.  285).— Dorset  folk  must  be  glad 
to  hear  that  Beach  is  to  be  kept  in  memory 
by  the  mural  brass  now  in  All  Saints',  Dor- 
chester. May  I,  as  an  old  Durnovarian, 
suggest  that  the  present  would  be  an  oppor- 
tunity to  learn  the  whereabouts  of  some  of 
the  most  important  works  of  this  excellent 
painter?  Pace  MR.  HIBGAME,  I  should  say 
that  the  fine  mezzotints  which  exist  after 
Beach  will  probably  prevent  his  being  for- 
gotten, to  say  nothing  of  the  picture  of 
Woodfall  in  the  National  Portrait  Gallery. 
I  remember  to  have  seen  at  Shute  House, 
Axminster,  the  seat  of  Sir  E.  Pole,  Bart.,  a 
number  of  full-length  family  portraits  strongly 
recalling  Sir  Joshua  Keynolds.  Many  other 
examples  are  doubtless  known  to  readers  of 
4  N.  &  Q.,'  of  which  I  should  be  glad  to  get 
particulars  if  possible.  J.  J.  FOSTER. 

Offa  House,  Upper  Tooting,  S.W. 

SHAKESPEARE  AUTOGRAPH  (10th  S.  ii.  248). 
— The  so-called  "  Shakespeare's  own  Prayer- 
Book"  (1596),  discovered  by  Partridge,  of 
Wellington,  in  1864,  was  sold  by  that  book- 
seller in  the  autumn  of  1865  to  Mr.  Eothwell, 
of  Sharpies  Hall,  Bolton-le-Moors,  for  300£. 
I  am  not  aware  that  it  has  again  come  into 
the  market. 

The  autographs  excited  much  interest  at 
the  time.  My  father  investigated  the  history 
of  the  volume  as  far  as  possible,  and  made  a 
critical  examination  of  the  signatures,  stating 
and  discussing  the  question  in  several  papers 
—notably  the  Times  of  2  November,  and 
Standard,  18  November,  1864  (see,  too,  a  note 
by  the  late  Sam.  Timmins  in  the  Birmingham 
Post,  14  November,  1864),  also  the  Birmingham 
Journal,  17  December,  1864,  4  March  and 
25  November,  1865.  Photographs  were  taken 


of  the  title-pages  and  the  signatures,  a  set  of 
which  (after  my  father's  death)  I  sent  to  the 
museum  at  Stratford-on-Avon  in  September, 
1873.  LUCY  TOULMIN  SMITH. 

Oxford. 

EOGER  CASEMENT  (10th  S.  ii.  309).— The 
present  Consul  Casement  is  also  Roger  Case- 
ment, and  is,  I  believe,  an  Irish  gentleman. 
He  probably  could  throw  light  on  the  matter. 

E.  C.  T. 

"  DAGO  "  (10th  S.  ii.  247).— This  word,  which 
is  supposed  to  be  a  corruption  of  Diego,  is 
defined  by  the  '  N.E.D.'  as  "a  name  originally 
given  in  the  South-Western  section  of  the 
United  States  to  a  man  of  Spanish  parentage  ; 
now  extended  to  include  Spaniards,  Portu- 
guese, and  Italians  in  general."  It  is  very 
commonly  used  by  sailors,  who  are  wont  to 
divide  all  seamen  into  the  following  classes  : 
Dutchmen,  Dagoes,  Niggers,  and  White  Men. 
Under  "  Dutchmen "  are  included  Norwe- 
gians, Danes,  Finns,  &c.;  while  "  Dagoes  "" 
comprise  Spaniards,  Portuguese,  Italians, 
&c.  T.  F.  D. 

It  is  perhaps  worth  mentioning  that  Dago- 
is  a  corruption  of  Diego,  which,  in  its  turn, 
is  a  corruption  of  Santiago,  St.  James,  patron, 
saint  of  Spain.  J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

[ST.  SWITHIN  quotes  Farmer's  '  Dictionary  of 
Americanisms,'  to  the  same  effect  as  the  '  N.E.D.'] 

DESCENDANTS  OF  WALDEF  OF  CUMBERLAND 
(10th  S.  ii.  241,  291).— MR.  D.  MURRAY  ROSE 
writes,  "As  Duncan  de  Lascelles  had  a 
daughter  and  heir,  it  would  be  interesting  to 
trace  her  subsequent  history."  I  presume  he 
refers  to  Christiana,  daughter  of  Duncan,, 
whom  William  Briwerre  bought  the  ward- 
ship and  marriage  of  in  1211-12.  I  suspect 
at  this  time  she  was  an  only  child  and  pre- 
sumptive heiress,  but  a  few  years  after  a, 
brother  was  born  and  upset  this  arrangement 
unless  the  contingency  had  been  provided  for, 
as  William  Briwerre  had  the  wardship  of  the 
boy  also.  This  was  Thomas  de  Lascelles,  and 
in  1226  William  Briwerre,  before  his  death, 
transferred  him  over  to  the  custody  of  the 
Bishop  of  Chichester  until  of  age  ('Rot.  Litt, 
Claus.,'  p.  161).  He  was  still  a  minor  in  1231 
('Exc.  e  Rot.  Fin.,'  i.  209). 

Thomas  de  Lascelles  succeeded  to  a  moiety 
of  the  barony  of  Windsor  ('  Test,  de  Nevill/ 

E.  246)  in  right  of  his  mother's  mother,  and 
e  married  the  daughter  and  heir  of  William 
de  Irby.  These  three  ladies  all  bore  the  name- 
of  Christiana,  a  very  favourite  one  in  those 
days  in  the  north  of  England.  Thomas  died, 
I  believe  without  issue,  about  1260,  and  his 
widow  survived  a  later  husband,  Robert  de, 


io*  s.  ii.  OCT.  22,  not]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


333 


Brus,  and  died  s.p.  in  1305.  From  the  after 
descent  of  his  estates  it  does  not  look  as  if  he 
left  any  lineal  descendants,  or  his  sister 
Christiana  either.  According  to  Nicholson 
('  Hist,  of  Cumberland,'  ii.  449),  Thomas's  wife 
had  a  daughter,  Arminia,  married  to  Thomas 
de  Seaton  :  but  this  match  has  a  very  sus- 
picious Tudor-pedigree  look  about  it. 

A.  S.  ELLIS. 
Westminster. 

WESTMINSTER  SCHOOL  BOARDING  -  HOUSES 
(10th  S.  ii.  127,  275).— I  have  heard  that  there 
was  another  noted  boarding-house  for  West- 
minster School,  kept  by  Mrs.  Packharness 
at  the  beginning  of  the  last  century.  In 
1  Compton  Audley  ;  or.  Hands,  not  Hearts,'  an 
old  novel  by  Lord  William  Lennox,  published 
in  1841,  the  supppsable  date  of  which  is  1815, 
occurs  the  following  illustrative  passage : — 

"  Priddie,  who  had  been  at  Westminster  with 
him  [i.e.,  Ravensworth],  seconded  the  nomination, 
and  reminded  him  ^of  the  time  when  at  Mother 
Pack's,  the  Dean's- Yard  dame  (we  speak  it  not  pro- 
fanely, for  a  better  creature  never  existed),  they 
had  mourned  over  the  dead  body  of  Julius  Caesar, 
and  had  strutted  and  fretted  their  hours  in  Norval 
and  Glenalvon." — Vol.  i.  255. 

An  old  friend  of  mine,  now  no  more,  told  me 
that  in  his  time,  about  1809,  the  school  was 
filled  with  Byngs,  Pagets,  Russells,  and 
Lennoxes.  JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

WITHAM  (10th  S.  ii.  289).— It  is  the  old  story 
of  being  asked  to  make  bricks  without  straw. 
I  have  frequently  been  asked  to  explain 
place-names,  and  my  experience  is  that  the 
querist  invariably  withholds  as  much  infor- 
mation as  he  can — I  mean  information  of  a 
useful  kind. 

Before  being  expected  to  work  out  the 
etymology,  we  want  all  the  necessary  pre- 
liminary information.  It  is  necessary  to 
know  the  pronunciation;  whether  it  is  With- 
ham  or  Wit-ham;  whether  it  varies;  whether 
all  the  places  thus  spelt  are  pronounced 
alike ;  and  whether  the  pronunciation  is  the 
same  now  as  it  always  was.  But,  far  more 
important  than  this,  we  must  also  be  told 
the  old  spellings,  as  found  in  old  records  ;  as 
a  rule,  no  spelling  later  than  1200  is  of  much 
use.  Until  these  are  supplied,  no  wise  man 
would  attempt  the  task. 

Some  things  we  do  know  beforehand. 
These  are  (1)  that  most  Celtic  etymologies 
are  absurd,  and  that,  under  pretence  of 
adducing  Celtic  forms,  writers  say  anything 
they  please.  Where  does  this  precious  auitK, 
with  the  sense  of  "  separating,"  come  from  ? 
Is  it  meant  as  a  ridiculous  and  impossible 
travesty  of  the  Welsh  gwahan,  separation  ] 


We  also  know  (2)  that  place-names  are  nob 
derived  from  abstract  substantives,  such  as 
vrit,  meaning  "  wisdom"  ;  nor  (3)  are  words 
like  wlte,  a  fine,  likely  to  be  combined  with 
ham,  a  home.  It  stands  to  reason  that  fines 
do  not  live  in  homes  of  their  own.  Of  course 
"  Wita's  home "  is  a  likely  answer,  because 
Wita  is  a  known  name ;  and  A.-S.  Witan-han> 
would  give  Wit-ham  regularly. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

The  name  of  the  Lincolnshire  river  Withain 
in  early  records  is  Wuna,  Wyna,  Wyma ;  the 
villages  of  North  and  South  Witham  were 
also  called  Wyna  or  Wyma;  the  river  rises- 
in  those  parishes.  Witham-on-the-Hill,  near 
them,  was  always  Witham,  but  it  is  in  a 
different  watershed ;  how  the  river  and  its 
source-parishes  came  to  acquire  their  neigh- 
bour's name  is  hard  to  imagine,  except  that 
that  name  suited  better  to  local  usage  as 
our  language  evolved.  Probably  the  deriva- 
tion of  Witham-on-the-Hill  had  to  do  with 
"  white."  ALFRED  WELBY. 

26,  Sloane  Court,  S.W. 

This  is  the  surname  of  an  old  Yorkshire 
family,  pedigrees  of  some  of  whose  branches 
are  in  Dugdale's  'Visitation,'  Surtees  Soc.; 
see  also  9th  S.  xii.  149.  Persons  of  this  name 
owned  property  in  Drypool  (now  in  the  city 
of  Kingston-upon-Hull),  on  part  whereof  was 
built  a  street  called  simply  "  Witham." 

W.  C.  B. 

The  origin  of  this  name  has  already  been 
discussed  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  See  8th  S.  viii.  144, 
178,  234,  314  ;  ix.  173. 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

[DR.  FORSHAW  refers  to  the  account  of  Withan* 
in  the  Essex  volume  of  the  '  Beauties  of  England 
and  Wales.'] 

CISIOJANUS  (9th  S.  xi.  149).— MR.  WARD* 
will  find  this  hateful  method  fully  explained 
in  Grotefend's  'Zeitrechnung'  and  Kiihl's 
4  Chronologic.'  P.  CANDOVER. 

Basingstoke. 

CARTER  AND  FLEETWOOD  (10th  S.  ii.  268).— 
According  to-  'Sepulchral  Reminiscences/ 
by  Dawson  Turner  (list  of  individuals  buried 
in  St.  Nicholas'  Church,  Great  Yarmouth), 
Nathaniel  and  Mary  Carter  died  childless. 
Nathaniel  died  in  1722,  aged  eighty-seven. 
Turner  says  his  wife  was  youngest  daughter 
of  General  Ireton,  but  as  Ireton's  widow 
married  General  Charles  Fleetwood  in  1652, 
and  Mary  Fleetwood's  age  is  given  in  the 
marriage  allegation,  19  February,  1677/8,  as 
"about  twenty-three,"  this  is  obviously  in- 
correct. 11.  W.  B. 


334 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io«.  s.  n.  OCT.  22, 100*. 


MORAL  STANDARDS  OF  EUROPE  (10th  S.  ii. 
168,  257). — I  can  only  say  that  my  own  ex- 
perience, and  that  of  every  one  whom  I  have 
heard  mention  the  subject,  is  that  a  distinct 
racial  difference  does  exist  between  the  lying 
•of  people  of  Teutonic  type  and  of  those  in 
which  Keltic  or  pre-Keltic  characteristics 
•have  the  upper  hand.  The  imagination  of 
the  former  seems  to  be  less  ready  than  that 
of  the  latter.  Stolid  misstatement  for  the 
sake  of  personal  advantage  is  often  the  be- 
setting sin  of  a  typical  Englishman,  Fleming, 
German,  or  Scandinavian,  but,  if  his  brain 
is  normal,  he  rarely  adds  the  picturesque 
mendacity  of  a  livelier  type  of  mind  to  this 
sordid  vice. 

As  to  the  illegitimate  birth  -  rate  :  does  a 
large  number  of  illegitimate  births  neces- 
sarily suggest  that  much  lying  has  been 
done  1  Is  it  to  be  assumed  that  in  nearly 
every  case  a  pledge  has  been  given,  and 
broken  ?  Inherited  tendency,  differences  of 
social  surroundings,  and  differences  of  tra- 
dition, including  some  most  pernicious  folk- 
beliefs,  all  influence  moral  statistics  in 
complicated  fashion. 

The  Catholic  Irishman  of  rural  Ireland 
sets  an  example  of  purity  which  should  make 
the  rest  of  mankind  blush  for  its  transgres- 
sions. But  to  some  degree,  beyond  doubt, 
he^  is  helped  by  his  circumstances.  His 
priests,  who  insist  on  his  learning  the  funda- 
mentals of  his  faith,  train  him  rigidly  in  the 
right  way,  while  public  opinion  enforces  this 
teaching,  and  enforces  it  with  severity. 

On  the  contrary,  in  England,  where  the  two 
sexes  associate  very  freely,  a  great  number 
•of  young  people  receive  no  definite  drilling 
in  their  ostensible  religion  and  moral  code. 
Though  they  know  what  is  conventionally 
the  right  thing,  even  the  girls  often  hear 
Rabelaisian  conversation.  Then,  in  addition 
to  this  laxity,  comes  the  influence  of  super- 
stitious survivals. 

In  spite  of  popular  education  many  young 
women  do  still  believe  that  when  love-spells 
practised  on  the  eves  of  certain  holy-days 
liave  resulted  in  a  waking- vision,  or  a  dream, 
showing  the  man  fate  has  allotted  to  the 
inquirer,  marriage  must  certainly  follow. 
Hence  a  promise  on  the  part  of  the  wooer  is 
not  required  :  destiny  will  see  to  it  that  he 
becomes  the  husband  of  the  girl. 

Again,  in  Mid-England  at  least,  ancient 
tradition  is  strong  in  asserting  that  a  man  is 
.a  fool  who  ties  himself  to  a  woman  in  igno- 
rance. He  should  give  no  promise  until  he 
knows  all  the  conditions  to  which  the  promise 
relates.  Even  men  of  good  repute  may  hold 
this  belief.  Some  few  years  since  I  was  told 


of  the  rupture  of  a  long-standing  engage- 
ment between  two  respectable  young  folk 
of  the  working  class,  which  arose  from  the 
refusal  of  the  girl  to  comply  with  the  de- 
mands of  her  lover.  He  was  almost  as 
unhappy  as  she  was  at  the  thought  of  break- 
ing with  her,  but  he  could  not  be  persuaded 
by  her,  or  by  her  employers,  to  forego  what 
he  claimed  as  just  and  right  in  such  a  serious 
matter  as  a  contract  for  life.  This  sentiment 
is  no  doubt  kept  in  being  by  the  few  cases 
of  gross  deception  through  which  wretched 
women  bring  tragedy  into  men's  lives. 

The  clergy  of  the  Church  of  England  and 
Dissenting  ministers  alike  seem  ignorant  of 
what  a  hold  certain  archaic  customs  still  have 
on  "civilized"  minds.  Some  years  ago  the 
attention  of  one  of  the  bishops  was  drawn  to 
the  dangers  which  might  arise  from  certain 
surviving  remnants  of  paganism.  His  com- 
ment was,  I  believe,  that  it  was  **  very 
curious  "  such  superstitions  should  still  exist ; 
but  I  have  never  heard  of  any  action  being 
taken  to  root  them  out.  X.  Z. 

The  reports  of  the  Consuls-general — the 
Blue-books — often  afford  instructive  infor- 
mation on  this  point.  Although  I  was  to  some 
extent  already  aware  of  the  fact,  yet  I  was 
surprised,  in  the  perusal  of  a  consular  report 
from  Italy  about  the  year  1883-4,  to  find 
that  such  a  high  (sexual)  morality  prevailed 
over  the  large  area  embraced  by  the  report. 
Every  town,  large  and  small,  was  reported 
upon,  and  almost  without  exception  the 
comment  was — I  am  speaking  not  of  the 
great  cities,  but  of  the  provincial  towns — 
either  "  the  morality  here  is  high,"  or  "  the 
morality  here  is  very  high."  Those  who  have 
access  to  the  Blue-books  of  this  period  will,  I 
think,  by  referring  to  them,  be  able  to  bear 
me  out.  Another  very  instructive  source  is, 
of  course,  the  'Annual  Detailed  Report  of 
the  Registrar- General  for  England,  Scotland, 
and  Ireland, 'with  regard  to  illegitimate  births, 
&c.  About  the  time  alluded  to  (the  approxi- 
mately exact  figures  remain  indelibly  fixed  in 
my  memory)  the  worst  county  in  England  for 
illegitimate  births  was  Shropshire  with  eighty 
in  every  thousand.  In  Scotland  Banffshire 
came  first  with  a  hundred  and  twenty  in 
every  thousand.  In  Protestant  Ireland— i.e  , 
the  North — they  were  fifty  in  every  thousand, 
and  in  Ireland  Celtic  and  Catholic  as  low  as 
three  and  five  only  in  every  thousand.  I  do 
not  remember  how  Wales  stood  at  that  time, 
if,  indeed,  the  returns  for  the  Principality  were 
given  at  all.  J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

GAMAGE  (10th  S.  ii.  249).— There  was  an 
inquiry  for  Capt.  William  Dick  Gamage,  of 


i.  OCT. -1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


335 


the  Honourable  East  India  Company,  at  FETTIPLACE  (10th  S.  i.  329,  396,  473,  511  ; 
7th  S.  v.  87,  to  which  no  reply  was  given,  but  ii.  234). — In  vol.  iv.  of  the  'Antiquarian 
from  it  MR.  DEWAR  may  learn  further  par-  and  Topographical  Cabinet,'  1808,  under  the 
ticularsof  him.  EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN.  heading  of  'Ifley  Church,'  occurs  a  letter 
71,  Brecknock  Road.  |  which  is  described  as  in  "  the  epistolary  style 

.  of  the  reign  of   Henry  VIII."    It  was  from 

RULES  OF  CHRISTIAN  LIFE  (10th  S.  ii.  129,    Kateryn   Wells,  Prioress   of   Littlemore,   to 
255).— The  words  quoted    by  MR.  GEORGE   J0hn  Fettiplace,  Master  of  Queen's  College, 

ANGUS  from  chap.  xxm.  of  The  Wide,  Wide    Oxford  • 

World'  are  taken  from  Charles  Wesley's  RIGHT'REUERENT  AND  WORSHIPFULL  MASTER,- 
hymn,  written  in  1/62.  In  the  'Wesleyan  I  recommend  me  unto  you  as  a  woman  unknowen, 
Hymn-Book' it  appears  in  two  verses  of  eight  desyring  to  here  of  yowr  good  prosperity  and 
lines,  but  in  some  others  in  four  verses  of  ]  welfare,  the  which  I  pray  Allmighty  God  to  pre- 
serve to  hys  pleasur.  The  cause  of  ray  wrytyng  to 
your  mastershippe  at  this  time  is  this :  hit  is  so, 
that  Master  Walrond  bequethed  unto  the  pour  hows 
of  Lityllmore,  as  I  understand,  xx?.  yff  hit  wold 
like  your  mastershyppe  to  be  so  good  frend  unto 
your  powr  beyd-woman,  off  the  f oreseid  plays.  Wer 
moche  bound  unto  your  mastershyppe,  for  we  had 
neur  more  nede  of  helpe  and  comfort  of  soche  jentyl- 


•four  lines.  The  first  three  verses  only  are 
given  in  *  The  Wide,  Wide  World.'  I  quote 
it  from  the  '  Wesleyan  Hymn-Book '  (No.  318) 

1.  A  charge  to  keep  I  have, 

A  God  to  glorify  ; 
A  never-dying  soul  to  save, 

And  fit  it  for  the  sky. 
To  serve  the  present  age, 

My  calling  to  fulfil; 
O  may  it  all  my  powers  engage 

To  do  my  Master's  will  ! 

*2.  Arm  me  with  jealous  care, 
As  in  Thy  sight  to  live ; 
And  O  Thy  servant,  Lord,  prepare 

A  strict  account  to  give. 
Help  me  to  watch  and  pray, 

And  on  Thyself  rely, 
Assured,  if  I  my  trust  betray, 
I  shall  for  ever  die. 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 
West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 


men  as  ye  be  that  [sic]  we  have  nowe  ;  for  I  under- 


stand ye  be  a  syngler  lour  of  relygus  plaeys.  Y  pray 

"  >nge  con  tine  we  to  Goads 
nys  kepyng  eur  more 
By  yowr  beyd-woman  dame, 


God  that  ye  may  Ibnge  con  tine  we  to'Godds  plesur, 
he  have  yow  in  hys  kepyng  eur  more.    Amen. 


KATERYN,  Proress  of  Lyttylmore. 
CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 
Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

' PRAYER  FOR  INDIFFERENCE'  (10th  S.  ii. 
268).— The  rococo  style  of  this  poem  has 
perhaps  caused  it  to  lose  its  favour  in  the 


ia 


London,  1882).  Surely  it  might  stand  on  its 
merits  as  one  of  his,  rather  than  as  being 
quoted  in  that  egregious  child's  story  'The 
Wide,  Wide  World,'  which  Dr.  John  Hill 
Burton  takes  in  his  'Book-Hunter'  fai- 


th rou^ 
the  011 
I  am 
page 


' 


S° 


eyes  of  modern  anthologists,  though  it  was 
highly  thought  of  in  the  eighteenth  century. 
McGovERN  will  find  it  in  Pearch's  4  Col- 

s  well  as  in. 
Poets'  and 

in  Locker's  '  Lyra  Elegantiarum.'   The  author 
was  Frances,  daughter  of  James  Macartney, 
who  had  marriea  in  January,  1747,   Fulke 
Greville,  son  of  the  Hon.  Algernon  Greville 
and  grandson  of  Fulke  Greville,  fifth  Lord 
- 1  Brooke.    Mr.  Fulke  Greville,  who  resided  at 
SPSS    H*      T  ^  Blsh°P  TSre?diesfc    Wilbury  in  Wiltshire,  was  educated  at  Win- 

scribed    readers  -  could   not    get  Lhester,  and  in  1765  was  appointed   Envoy- 

^as   Extraordinary  to    the  Elector  of    Bavaria, 
?y«  I  and  minister  to  the  Diet  of  Katisbon.     He 
was  the  author  of  a  book  which  was  published 
anonymously  in  1756,  called  'Maxims.  Cha- 

The  lines  which  are  quoted  by  A!R  ANGUS  racters,  arid  Reflexions  :  Critical,  Satyrical, 
as  from  '  The  Wide,  Wide  World  '  a  book  and  Moral.'  This  book  excited  the  scorn  of 
which,  fifty 
as  *  Uncle 

by  Charles  Wesley, __ .  . 

collections  of  hymns.  Years  ago  the  hymn  lfc  Mr-  Greville  was  assisted  by  his  wife,  who 
was  iu  special  favour  in  Dissenting  meeting-  figured  in  it  under  the  character  of  Flora, 
places,  used  every  Sunday  ;  and  at  weekday  She  had  several  children,  the  most  celebrated 
and  camp  meetings  was  almost  certain  to  be  °f  wh<>m  was  Mrs.  Crewe,  the  beautiful  Whig 
heard,  sung  with  a  fervour  and  vigour  seldom  hostess.  Mrs.  Greville  died  in  1789. 
known  nowadays.  THOS.  RATCLIFFE.  W.  F. 

Workiop.  HEACHAM  PARISH  OFFICERS  (10th  S.  ii.  247). 

.[Replies  also  from  K.  (',.  U.  and  Mi:.  K.  B.  SAVACI:.]  '  —Is   MR.   HOLCOMBE    INGLEBY    quite   correct 


336 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [10*  s.  n.  OCT.  22, 


in  stating  that  "  the  need  for  parish  con- 
stables has  long  ceased  to  exist"?  I  trow 
not ;  for  I  am  aware  that  they  still  fill  a  very 
useful  position  in  every  village  in  this  locality. 
The  Parish  Councils  are  obliged  to  recom- 
mend a  man  annually  from  a  list  of  those 
qualified  to  fill  the  office,  and  the  man  so 
recommended,  if  approved  by  the  magis- 
trates, is  bound  to  serve.  His  duties  consist 
in  carrying  out  the  work  of  a  police  con- 
stable at  any  time  that  officer  may  be  absent 
from  the  village,  either  on  his  beat  or  on 
holiday,  and  also  personally  communicating 
with  the  coroner  and  empanelling  a  jury  in 
cases  of  sudden  death  or  suicide.  He  has  in 
his  possession  a  pair  of  handcuffs  and  an 
official  staff.  Our  parish  constable  here  died 
recently,  and  within  a  week  or  two  of  accept- 
ing his  office  his  successor  had,  in  the  absence 
on  holiday  of  the  police  constable  stationed 
here,  to  take  a  drunken  man  to  the 
lock-up  and  summon  coroner  and  jury  to 
hold  an  inquest  on  a  man  who  was  acci- 
dentally killed.  The  office  of  parish  con- 
stable is  certainly  no  sinecure  in  many 
villages.  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

MR.  HOLCOMBE  INGLEBY  seems  to  infer 
that  the  overseers  at  Heacham  only  appoint 
the  parish  constable  in  accordance  with 
ancient  custom,  and  that  it  is  merely  a 
survival  of  an  old-time  usage.  Such,  how- 
ever, is  not  the  case.  There  is  still  in 
existence  an  Act  of  Parliament,  which  is 
rigidly  enforced  in  this  and  other  neighbour- 
hoods, whereby  it  is  essential  that  a  certain 
number  of  honorary  special  or  parish  con- 
stables shall  be  sworn  in  as  such  in  October 
of  every  year. 

MR.  INGLEBY  would  be  interested  in  the 
article  on  'Constable'  in  the  'National 
Encyclopaedia,'  and  I  draw  his  special  atten- 
tion to  5  &  6  Viet.  c.  109,  stat.  1  &  2  William  IV 
c.  41,  and  the  83rd  section  of  the  Municipal 
Keform  Act ;  also  the  Act  5  &  6  William  IV, 
c.  43,  and  1  &  2  Viet.  c.  80.  I  had  a  note  on 
this  subject  at  8th  S.  vi.  488. 

In  connexion  with  Pindars,  Way- Ward  ens 
Dyke-Reeves,  &c.,  the  custom  obtains  to  th< 
present  day  throughout  the  whole  of  England 
and  in  a  few  weeks'  time  one  will  scarcely 
get  hold  of  a  newspaper  without  seeing  som 
account  of  the  different  Courts  Leet  having 
hojden  their  meetings  for  the  election  of  the 
officers  in  question  and  many  others. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

FONT  CONSECRATION  (10th  S.  ii.  269).— Th 
form  for  the  benediction  of  a  font  is  printei 


!.#.)  in  the  'York  Manual,'  Surtees  Society, 
ol.  Ixiii.  pp.  10-16.  W.  C.  B. 

The  ritual  for  the  benediction  of  a  font 
nay  be  seen  in  Maskell's  '  Monumenta 
litualia  Ecclesise  Anglicanae/  edition  of  1846, 
ol.  i.  pp.  13-21.  EDWARD  PEACOCK. 

In  reply  to  Q.  W.  V.,  I  may  state  that 
here  is  no  such  ceremony  as  the  "consecra- 
ion  "  of  a  font.     The  font  is  not  consecrated, 
ut  the  water  for  baptism  is  blessed.    The 
lessing  takes  place  on  Holy  Saturday  and 
>n  Whitsun-eve,  during  the  ceremony  known 
as  the  "Blessing  of  the  Font"— though  the 
ont  itself  is  not  blessed.    For  full  informa- 
ion,  vide  'The  Liturgical  Year'  (Passion tide- 
and  ^Holy  Week  ;   Holy  Saturday,  morning 
service),  by  Dom  Prosper  Gueranger,  O.S.B.,, 
Abbot  of  Solesmes.    Should  this  water,  how- 
ever,  not  be  available,   there    is    a  special 
'blessing"  to  be  found  in  the  Roman  Ritual 
"or  use  extra  tempus.  See  'Rituale  Romanum/ 
under  the  heading  "  Benedictio  Fontis  Bap- 
ismi,  extra  Sabbatum  Paschse  et  Pentecostes,. 
cum  aqua  consecrata  non  habetur."    B.  W. 

I  do  not  think  Q.  W.  V.  can  do  better  than 
consult  the  *  Cseremoniale  Episcoporum '  for 
a  description  of  the  ceremony  of  consecrating, 
a  font.  JOHN  HOBSON  MATTHEWS. 

Monmouth. 

The  benediction  of  the  font  will  be  found 
in  Mabillon's  'Vetus  Missale  Gallicanum/ 

C.  25,  p.  362.  J.   HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

HOLY  MAID  OF  KENT  (10th  S.  ii.  268).— We- 
have  an  engraving  by  Taylor  from  the  picture 
by  A.  Tresham,  published  by  Bowyer  in  1796~ 
The  size  is  11  in.  by  8  in.,  and  the  price  5s. 
WHITEHOUSE  £  JAMES. 

49,  Knight  abridge,  S.W. 

See  'Richard  Masters,  Parson  of  Aldyngton, 
1514  to  1558,'  by  A.  D.  Cheney,  in  Journal 
of  the  British  Archaeological  Association^, 
April,  1904,  pp.  15-28. 

HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 

Innellan,  Shrewsbury. 

If  your  correspondent  will  turn  to  vol.  ff. 

L609  of  'Granger's  Wonderful  Museum/ 
ndon,  1804,  he  will  find  a  long  account  of 
Elizabeth  Barton,  born  at  Aldington,  Kent, 
in  1505,  and  for  some  time  a  menial  servant 
to  a  farmer  there.  She  was  subject  to 
hysteric  fits,  and  the  priests  set  her  up  as- 
a  person  inspired  by  the  Holy  Ghost,  which 
she  was  foolish  enough  to  believe.  The  Holy 
Maid  and  her  accomplices  were  tried  for 
high  treason  at  the  Court  of  Star  Chamber,, 
where  they  confessed  the  whole  trick. 
Accordingly  the  Court  ordered  them  to  suffer 


io"  s.  ii.  OCT.  22,1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


337 


death  at  Tyburn.  They  were  all  drawn  to 
the  place  of  execution  on  sledges,  where  the 
Holy  Maid  was  burnt,  and  the  four  monks 
were  hanged  and  quartered.  No  portrait 
is  given.  EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

.71,  Brecknock  Road. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

A  X<  a'  English  Dictionary  on  Historical  Principles. 
Edited  by  Dr.  James  A.  H.  Murray.— M—Man- 
'dragon.  (Vol.  VI.)  By  Henry  Bradley,  Hon.M.A. 
(Oxford,  Clarendon  Press.) 

THE  double  section  of  vol.  vi.  of  the  '  New  English 
Dictionary '  issued  under  the  supervision  of  Mr. 
Bradley  supplies  a  considerable  initial  instalment 
of  the  important  letter  M.  It  includes,  we  are 
told,  3,175  words  with  12,855  illustrative  quotations. 
Attention  is  drawn  by  the  management  to  the  fact 
that  it  includes  an  unusual  abundance  of  words 
derived  from  names  of  persons  and  places,  such  as 
vnacadamize,  machiavellism,  &c. ;  and  it  is  stated 
that  make,  "  with  its  unparalleled  variety  of  shades 
of  meaning  and  multitude  of  idiomatic  uses,"  occu- 
pies a  rather  larger  amount  of  space — over  eleven 
pages — than  has  hitherto  been  accorded  to  any 
-single  word,  the  nearest  approach  to  it  having  been 
found  in  Go.  There  is  a  profusion,  hitherto  unex- 
ampled, of  words  from  Oriental,  African,  and 
South  American  languages ;  Greek  is  principally 
represented  in  scientific  terms,  and  there  is  a 
large  percentage  of  law  terms,  such  as  maiiwur, 
miainprize,  maintenance,  malice,  mandamus,  and 
mandate.  Under  Macaroni  in  its  primary  sense  of 
a-wheaten  paste  and  its  transferred  significance  of 
a  species  of  exquisite,  an  anticipatory  incroyable, 
a  full  history  is  given.  Macaroni  as  an  article  of 
•diet  is  first  mentioned  by  Ben  Jonson  in  *  Cynthia's 
Revels,'  1599,  where  it  is  coupled  with  other 
luxuries  such  as  amchouies.  It  is  then  lost  sight  of 
for  half  a  century.  Of  the  Macaroni  and  Theatrical 
Magazine,  1772,  a  work  of  extreme  rarity,  devoted  in 
.part  to  the  doings  of  the  exquisite  so  named,  we 
have  copies,  and  we  have  also  vol.  ii.  of  "Caricatures, 
Macaronies,  and  Characters,  by  Sundry  Ladies, 
•Gentlemen,  Artists,  &c.,"  1772,  with  numerous 
•designs  of  macaronies.  In  connexion  with  this 
word  should  be  studied  macaroon,  a  species  of 
sweet  cake.  Machine  has  many  senses,  from  the  horse 
by  means  of  which  Troy  was  captured,  or  the  frame 
from  which  in  Greek  tragedy  the  god  spake,  to  the 
"very  pulse  of  the  machine"  in  Wordsworth. 
Mackerel  is  frequently  employed  in  English  in  its 
French  sense  of  panderer,  out  no  hint  of  derivation 
can  be  supplied.  The  first  use,  by  Lydgate  in  1500, 
of  the  word  macrocosm  is  due  to  a  mistake,  "micro- 
cosm" being  intended.  A  century  elapses  before  the 
word  is  used  in  its  right  sense.  Maain  its  various 
meanings  supplies  material  for  an  excellent  essay. 
A  full  history  by  quotations  is  supplied  of  the 
change  in  the  use  of  Madam,  employed  "  with 
progressively  extended  application."  Under  mad- 
•l>it<t  attention  is  drawn  to  a  quotation  by  Drum- 
mond  of  Hawthornden,  anticipating  that  of  the 
" madding  crowd"  familiar  in  Gray's  'Elegy.' 
ira,  is  used  in  association  with  other  wines. 
Shakespeare  is  quoted  for  "  A  Cup  of  Madera,  and 
•a  cold  Capons  legge,"  *  1  Henry  IV.,'  i.  ii.  128 


Mademoiselle  is  often  in  English  used  independently 
of  a  governess. 

Much  interesting  conjecture  is  advanced  in  con- 
nexion with  the  origin  of  madrigal.  The  origin  of 
maelstrom  is  shown  to  be  Dutch,  and  not,  as  has 
hitherto  been  supposed,  Scandinavian.  We  would 
have  had  a  quotation  from  Mr.  Swinburne  for 
MccnauL  Mrs.  Radcliffe  in  1797  uses  maestro.  Maf- 
ficking first  appears  in  1900  in  the  Pall  Mail  Gazette, 
and  Mafia  in  the  Times  in  1875.  A  valuable  history 
is  supplied  of  magic  and  magician.  Magic  lantern 
is  used  so  early  as  1696.  Maynanimous  has  a  deeply 
interesting  history.  We  fail  to  find  "  magnanimous 
Goldsmith"  among  the  quotations,  and  know  no 
reason  for  its  presence  but  its  popularity.  Mag- 
nate, we  are  surprised  to  hear,  is  not  in  Johnson 
or  Todd.  It  is  used  by  Lydgate  in  1430-40.  Gabriel 
Harvey  and  Spenser  anticipated  Shakespeare  in 
the  use  of  magninco.  We  should  scarcely  say  that, 
except  dialectically,  maid  (sense  1)  was  now  used 
only  in  arch  or  playful  sense.  Charles  Kingsley,  1872, 
has :  "Be  good,  sweet  maid,  and  let  who  will  be 
clever/'  Under  Mailed  appears,  with  the  date  1897, 
"  mailed  fist."  One  use  of  maim  appears  in  no 
previous  dictionary.  A  pleasant  illustration  of  the 
use  of  main  is  found  in  "  I  maun  cross  the  main, 
my  dear."  The  main  in  games  of  hazard  is  of 
obscure  history.  The  explanation  given  is  from 
the  'Encyclopaedia  Britannica.'  Under  Maintenance 
no  fresh  light  is  cast  upon  cap  of  maintenance.  The 
term  is  first  encountered  in  the  'Digby  Mysteries,' 
1485.  Majolica  is  thought  to  be  derived  from 
Majorca.  Major  in  army  use  derives  from  serge(a)nt- 
major.  An  explanation  why  major-general  is  in- 
ferior to  lieutenant-general  is  supplied.  Among  the 
innumerable  compounds  of  make,  make-up  claims 
attention.  Made  for  male  appears  in  legal  use  in 
England  until  the  seventeenth  century.  Malinger, 
to  pretend  illness,  is  obscure  in  origin.  Under 
Mai  kin,  Mall,  and  Manciple  much  that  deserves 
study  may  be  found.  An  interesting  article  on 
Mandragon  is  left  unfinished.  With  the  conclusion 
(not  yet  at  hand)  of  the  letter  M  the  work  jwill 
appear  within  measurable  reach  of  termination, 
S  and  W  being  the  only  letters  of  primary  import- 
ance with  which  no  progress  has  been  made. 
Writing  now  in  advanced  years,  we  are  disposed 
to  envy  those  before  whom  the  entire  work  will  be 
placed  ready  for  use.  These  constitute,  of  course, 
the  immense  majority  of  those  now  alive.  There 
are  none  the  less  those  to  whom  the  privileges  of  the 
majority  seem  enviable. 

The  Taming  of  the  Shrew  ;  Julius  Ca'sar  ;  Pericles; 

King  Henry   V. ;   All's    Well   that   Ends    Well; 

Othello;  King  Lear;  The  Tempest.  (Heinemann.) 
Eii;iiT  further  plays  have  been  added  to  Mr.  Heine- 
manu's  "  Favourite  Classics "  edition  of  Shake- 
speare, the  cheapest  and  best  in  its  line  that  has 
been  published.  In  noticing  these  it  is  fair  to  make 
amends  for  past  ignorance,  and  say  that  whereas, 
as  we  supposed  (ante,  p.  299,  col.  2),  no  one  alive 
could  have  seen  l  Titus  Andronicus '  on  the  stage, 
Mr.  Pickford  states  that  the  play  was  mounted  by 
Ira  Aldridge,  the  African  Roscius,  and  adds  that 
he  has  seen  in  a  shop  window  an  oil  painting  of 
Aldridge  as  Aaron.  We  fancy  that  this  appearance,' 
wherever  it  took  place,  must  have  been  in  one  of 
the  altered  versions  of  Ravenscrof  t  or  others. 

The  plate  to  'The  Taming  of  the  Shrew'  pre- 
sents Mrs.  Charles  Kemble  (better  known  as  Miss 
De  Camp)  as  Katharina.  This  part  she  played  at 


338 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  OCT.  22, 


Covent  Garden  in  1810  and  again  in  1813.— 'Julius 
Ceesar'  supplies  a  good  likeness  of  Macready  as 
Brutus,  in  which  he  first  appeared  in  1836.— John 
Cooper  in  full  armour  is  depicted  in  the  plate  to 
« Pericles.'—'  King  Henry  V.'  is  illustrated  from  a 
photograph  of  Mr.  Lewis  Waller  as  the  King.— 
fn  the  case  of  *  All's  Well  that  Ends  Well3  no 
recent  representation  has  been  seen,  and  the  plate 
of  Helena  presents  Mrs.  Macklin  in  the  character. 
We  suspect  an  error  here.  No  record  of  any  per- 
formance of  Helena  by  Mrs.  Macklin  exists.  Miss 
Macklin,  a  quite  different  person,  played  it  at 
Covent  Garden,  29  November,  1762,  and  again 
3  December,  1772.  She  is  probably  the  subject  of 
the  portrait.  Other  famous 'exp9nents  of  the  part 
were  Mrs.  Pritchard,  Peg  Woffington,  and  Mrs. 
Jordan.— 'Othello3  shows  Henderson,  the  Bath 
Roscius,  as  a  most  cultivated  and  Beethoven-like 
Moor. —A  plate  to  'King  Lear'  includes  among 
other  characters  Mrs.Cibberas  Cordelia.— In  'The 
Tempest'  Miss  Priscilla  Horton  (Mrs.  German 
Reed)  is  a  most  feminine  Ariel.  This  shows 
her  presumably  in  Macready's  revival  of  'The 
Tempest,'  October,  1838.  The  contrast  between 
her  and  the  latest  exponent  of  Ariel  could  not 
well  be  greater. 

Great  Masters.     Edited  by  Sir  Martin  Conway 

Part  XXV.     (Heinemann.) 

How  many  parts  of  this  noble  and  satisfactory 
production  are  yet  to  be  issued  we  know  not.  No 
announcement  of  any  further  part  appears  on  the 
cover.  Nothing,  however,  about  the  present  number 
hints  that  a  conclusion  is  reached  or  is  approximate. 
We  can  but  await  events,  content,  for  our  own 
part,  that  the  venture  should  be  indefinitely  pro- 
longed. From  no  other  series  of  reproductions  have 
we  received  so  much  delight,  and  none  can  be 
accepted  as  equally  representative  of  what  is  best  in 
the  art  of  some  four  centuries.  Vandyck  opens  out 
the  latest  number,  being  represented  by  his  portrait 
of  the  painter  Snyders  from  the  collection  of  the  Earl 
of  Carlisle.  Snyders  and  his  wife  are  frequent 
subjects  of  the  brush  of  Vandyck,  and  many  por- 
traits of  them  are  in  England.  The  present  picture, 
which  is  said  to  belong  to  the  painter's  best  time, 
suggests  strongly  Vandyck's  treatment  of  King 
Charles  I.,  and  some  space  is  devoted  in  the 
comment  to  the  resemblance.  Both  tenderness 
and  dignity  are  depicted  in  the  face.  From  the 
National  Museum  of  Stockholm  comes  Boucher's 
*  Triumph  of  Venus.'  This,  which  is  probably  the 
masterpiece  of  the  gallery,  is  one  of  Boucher's  most 
beautiful  and  characteristic  works,  and  vindicates 
the  raptures  of  modern  criticism.  What  is  best 
and  most  imaginative  in  eighteenth-century  illus- 
tration is  fully  exhibited.  The  faces  of  Venus  and 
the  Nereides  are  exquisite,  and  the  floating  figures 
of  the  Cupids  are  beyond  praise.  One  of  the  very 
latest  purchases  of  the  Trustees  of  the  Berlin 
Museum  is  the  'Ascension,'  attributed— probably 
rightly— to  Giovanni  Bellini.  It  is  a  strange  and 
striking  work,  in  which  the  central  figure,  forming 
by  its  delicacy  and  pallor  a  striking  contrast  with 
those  entering  or  quitting  the  emptied  tomb,  is  very 
weird  and  unearthly.  Among  those  who  might  be 
conceived  to  have  been  influenced  by  the  picture 
is  William  Blake.  From  the  Hague  Gallery  comes 
one  more  portrait  of  Helena  Fourment,  Rubens's 
second  wife,  perhaps  the  best  of  his  models.  Her 
ripe  beauty,  threatening  but  not  yet  reaching 
exuberance,  is  superbly  shown,  and  the  work  is  a 


fascinating  specimen  of  a  kind  of  portraiture  in 
which  the  painter  had  no  equal. 

BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUES. 

MR.  BLACKWELL,  of  Oxford,  has  issued  two  parts- 
of  a  catalogue  of  educational  books,  the  first  being 
devoted  to  classical  literature,  the  second  to  modern, 
history,  mathematics,  &c.  The  '  Oxford  Prize  Com- 
positions '  for  1904  are  included. 

Mr.  Richard  Cameron,  of  Edinburgh,  has  Drum- 
mond's  '  Scottish  Arms,3  1881,  45s.  ;  Lyndsay's 
'Ancient  Heraldic  Manuscript,3  edited  by  Dr.. 
Laing,  1879,  3£.  (this  is  a  beautiful  facsimile  of  the- 
original  of  1542 ;  there  are  183  pages  of  arms  of 
the  ancient  nobles  and  families  of  Scotland) ;  the 
Library  Edition  of  Scott,  1829-32,  41  vols.,  calf  gilt, 
61.  6s. ;  a  complete  set  of  the  Scots  Magazine,  1739- 
1826,  97  vols.,  1(K.  10s.;  'Illustrations  of  Burns's 
Works,3  by  Scottish  artists,  1853-61,  5  vols.,  folio* 
32*. ;  'The  Poems  of  William  Dunbar,'  1834-65,. 
scarce,  "21.  8s.  6d.  Under  Edinburgh  we  find  the 
Courant,  1770  to  1868,  some  years  wanting,  81.  10s.  ;. 
Weekly  Journal,  1828-31,  16s.  6d.  ;  and  'Edinburgh 
in  the  Olden  Time,'  63  views,  large  folio,  18s.  Qd.. 
(published  at  51.  5s.).  'Encyclopaedia  Britannica,' 
eighth  edition,  is  45.9. :  original  edition  of  Johnson's* 
'Dictionary,3  with  all  the  fierce  definitions,  after- 
wards suppressed,  2  vols.,  large  thick  folio,  calf,, 
18s.  6d. ;  Lindsay's  'Coinage  of  Scotland,'  contain- 
ing many  hundred  examples,  1845-68,  scarce,  24s.  ;. 
and  '  Illustrations  of  Scott's  Works,'  complete  set, 
13  vols.,  folio,  3J.  3*.  (published  at  13/.  13s.).  There 
are  also  an  early  copy  in  plaster  of  Chantrey's  bust,. 
in  best  condition,  25s.  ;  and  'Reminiscences  of  the 
Monks  of  St.  Giles '  (an  Edinburgh  literary  club), 
2  vols.,  1888-9,  very  scarce,  21.  15s. 

Mr.  William  Downing,  of  Birmingham,  has  a 
Kelmscott  Rossetti's  '  Hand  and  Soul,'  choicely 
bound  by  the  Birmingham  Guild,  1895,  51.  5s.  ;  a 
complete  set  of  first  editions  of  '  Fors  Clavigera,' 
4?.  4s.  ;  also  second  edition  of  '  The  Stones  of 
Venice,'  4^.  15s.  Goupil's  series  of  royal  and 
other  biographies,  10  vols.,  royal  4to,  scarce,  is 
311. 10s.  ;  '  The  Greville  Journals,' 8  vols.,  8vo,  11.  Is. ;.. 
a  remarkable  collection  of  the  pamphlets  on 
George  IV.  and  his  Ministers  and  Queen  Caroline 
written  by  Hone,  and  illustrated  by  Cruikshauk,, 
bound  into  7  vols.,  very  rare,  11.  Is.  ;  De  Musset's 
'CEuvres  Completes,'  11  vols.,  4£.  4s.  ;  Caulfield's 
'  Portraits,'  4£.  18s. ;  the  "  Tudor  Translations," 
38  vols.,  scarce,  32^. ;  Stevenson's  '  Works,'  com- 
plete, 34  vols.,  scarce,  '381.  (this  contains  biblio- 
graphy by  Prideaux) ;  a  real  first  edition  of  'John. 
Inglesant,'  3£.  3s. ;  Lecky's  '  European  Morals,'  very- 
scarce,  1869,  21.  10s. ;  and  an  original  edition  of 
Thackeray's  '  Essay  on  Cruikshank,'  1840,  11. 10s. 

Mr.  Francis  Edwards  has  issued  Part  I.  of  an 
American  catalogue.  This  is  well  classified.  Under 


'Atlas,'  2  vols.,  1764,  21.  10s.;  'Bibliotheca  Ameri- 
cana,3 1789,  21.  15s.  ;  Bowen's  'Atlas,3  1752,  3/.  10s.; 
Burney's  '  Chronological  History  of  Voyages.3 1803- 
1817,  11. ;  Cook's  '  Voyages,3  official  edition,  6/.  15s. ; 
Hakluyt,  original  edition,  1589,  24/.  (a  tine  copy, 
complete ;  there  are  also  other  editions) ;  Van- 
couver, 1798,  81.  10s.  ;  Thevenot,  1696,  101.  Other 
names  are  Charlevoix  and  Churchill.  Under  Natural 
History  are  vols.  i.  to  iii.  of  'The  American 


10*  s.  ii.  OCT.  22,  low.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


339 


Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,'  1785-93,  price  37. 
(this  is  very  scarce) ;  Audubon's '  Ornithological  Bio- 
graphy,' 1831-9,  11. 1  "»••  ;  Bates's  *  Naturalist  on  the 
River  Amazon,'  1/.6  .  (Mr.  Bates,  during  his  absence, 
1848-59,  collected  over  14,000  specimens) ;  Denton's 
*  Moths  and  Butterflies  of  the  United  States,' 
Chicago,  1899,  24/.  ;  George  Edwards's  '  Uncommon 
Birds,'  1743-64,  61.  10*. ;  '  Orchid  Album,'  11  vols. 
151.  (published  at  367.);  and  Wilson's '  Ornithology, 
21/.  Under  North  American  Indians  and  Pre- 
historic Remains  of  Man  in  North  America  is  a  set 
of  the  Anthropological  Institute,  1863-1901,  50  vols., 
207. 

Mr.  A.  Fehrenbach,  of  Sheffield,  has  a  rare  folio 
Milton,  1097,  6*.  Ik,  and  some  interesting  Bibles, 
including  the  scarce  1541  Bible,  illustrations  mostly 
from  Holbein,  price  47.  10*.  (the  Ashburnham  copy 
sold  for  8/.) ;  also  the  Oomwelliau,  1658,  price  35*. 
Other  items  include  an  original  set  of  Punch,  1841-86, 
107.  7*.  6<7. ;  *  Sir  Thomas  Lawrence,'  Goupil  edition, 
41.  14*.  6V/.  (pub.  81.  net) ;  Landseer,  with  notices  by 
J.  H.  Barrow,  1832,  14*.  6d.  (cost  41.  !&?.);  set  of 
4 Annual  Register'  to  1816,  2J.  12*.  6c/.  ;  R.  H. 
Froude's  '  Remains,'  edited  by  Keble  and  Mozley, 
4  vols.,  cloth,  1838-9,  scarce.  27.  8*.  ;  the  Riverside 
edition  of  Emerson,  11  vols.,  19*. ;  Dickens's  'Child's 
History  of  England,'  1852-4,  scarce,  25*.  ;  first 
editions  of  '  American  Notes  '  and  *  A  Tale  of  Two 
Cities':  and  'Vanity  Fair  Album,'  1869-75,  35*. 
(pub.  167.  16*.).  There  are  a  number  of  works  on 
pottery. 

Mr.  Macphail,  of  Edinburgh,  has  in  his  new 
catalogue  the  rare  first  edition  of  'Guy  Manner- 
ing,'  Edinburgh,  1815.  This  is  beautifully  bound 
by  Riviere,  price  20  guineas.  There  are  also  a  choice 
copy  of  Slezer's  *  Theatrum  Scotise,'  1814,  6Y.  6-s. ; 
a  set  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Scotland, 
also  of  the  Scottish  Geographical  Magazine  ;  and  a 
copy  of  'The  Portfolio  of  the  National  Gallery  of 
Scotland,'  with  introduction  by  the  Duke  of  Argyll, 
with  40  photogravures,  1903,  51.  IS*.  Gel.  It  is  noted 
that  this  is  the  first  occasion  on  which  a  work  of  the 
kind  has  been  issued.  Among  other  items  are  a 
set  of  Blackivood,  and  George  Eliot's  works,  choicely 
bound,  8  vols.,  31.  3*. ;  and  many  of  interest  under 
Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  the  Highlands,  Aberdeen, 
and  Art.  There  are  also  a  number  of  coloured 
plates,  portraits,  and  views. 

The  catalogue  of  Messrs.  Maggs,  of  the  Strand,  is 
full  of  valuable  items.  We  can  mention  only  a  few : 
Bailey's  'Festus,'  1839,  with  autograph  letter, 
3/.  7-".  6Y7. ;  '  Ingoldsby,'  Bentley,  1840-7,  181. ;  first 
editions  of  Browning ;  Bullen's  '  Lyrics  of  Old 
English  Poetry,'  151.  ;  first  editions  of  Byron  ;  and 
the  excessively  rare  first  edition  of  'bartor  Re- 
sartus,'  147.  14*.  Under  Cruikshank  there  is  a 
collection  of  proof  etchings,  211. ;  Ireland's  '  Napo- 
leon,' 1828,  very  rare,  30/.  10*. ;  and  'The  Omnibus,' 
1842,  H)/.  19*.  The  catalogue  is  also  rich  in  Dickens 
items.  These  include  a  complete  set  of  first  editions, 
67  vols.,  bound  in  full  morocco,  2857.,  and  a  set  of 
the  larger  works,  first  editions,  307. ;  '  Sunday 
under  Three  Heads,'  1836.  III.  Us. ;  and  '  Sketches 
by  Boz,'  3  vols.,  uncut,  ls:iii-7,  367.  Other  items  are 
Doves  Press  Publications,  21  J. ;  Goupil's  Series, 
111)/.  ;  first  edition  of  Keats's  '  Lamia,1 1820,  727.  10*.  ; 
set  of  Lever's  works,  150^. ;  original  drawings  by 
Phi/,  1844,  27/.  10*.  :  complete  set  of  Scott,  first 
editions,  lsu-:',2, '.»"/. :  and  the  rare  privately  printed 
edition  of '  The  Cup,'  by  Lord  Tennyson,  36V.  Most 
of  the  works  are  in  choice  bindings. 


Messrs.  James  Rimell  &  Son,  of  Shaftesbury 
Avenue,  have  Foster's  'Alumni  Oxonienses,  1500- 
1886,'  47.  12*.  6V.  ;  Bryan's  'Dictionary  of  Painters 
and  Engravers,'  half-morocco,  1886,  607.  ;  a  third 
edition  of  Burns,  1787, 47.  ;  an  extra-illustrated  copy 
of  'English  Bards  and  Scotch  Reviewers,'  1810, 
?\?*'  !™^  ?hauc,er,  black-letter,  very  rare,  Adam 
Lslip,  1602,  bound  in  crimson  morocco  by  Riviere,. 
131. ;  Dickens's  novels,  all  first  editions,  1837-70,' 
12  vols.,  calf  gilt,  19/.  10*.;  first  edition  of  'Thfr 
Christmas  Carol,'  37.  3*.  ;  there  are  also  many  other 
first  editions  of  Dickens.  'The  Edinburgh  Re- 
viewers,' 14  vols.,  is  II.  15*.  (published  price  9/.  16s.)  - 
Pierce  Egan's  '  Sketches,'  5  vols.,  1823-9,  very  scarce 
91.  9s.  ;  extra-illustrated  copy  of  Davies's  '  Life  of' 
Garrick,'  1808.  67.  5*.;  Boswell's  'Johnson,'  Mac- 
millan,  1900,  150  portraits  inserted,  81.  ;  Kelmscott 
Press  '  Poems  of  Shakespeare,'  97.  9*.,  also  Herrick, 
2^.  12*.  bd.  ;  La  Fontaine's  '  Les  Amours  de  Psychd- 
et  Cupidon,'  Paris,  1791,  10/.  ;  'London  Cries,'  circa 
1700,  47.  4*. ;  a  handsome  illustrated  copy  of  Mac- 
ready's  'Reminiscences,'  edited  by  Sir  F.  Pollock 
1875  51.  5*. ;  Thomas  More's  '  Utopia,'  Basle,  1518* 
67.  ;  Prynne  s  '  Histnomastix,  the  Players'  Scourge  ' 
1663,  Gl.  «#. ;  '  Reynolds,'  by  Claude  Phillips,  loS-. 
additional  portraits,  1894,  137.  15s. ;  an  extra-illus- 
trated copy  of  Sandford's  '  Genealogical  History  of 
the  Kings  of  England,'  1677,  51.  15*.  6U  ;  besides 
other  very  interesting  items. 

Mr.  James  Roche,  of  New  Oxford  Street,  opens 
his  catalogue  with  a  life-size  portrait  of  Thackeray  in- 
crayons  by  Goodwyn  Lewis.    This  is  in  a  handsome 
gilt  frame.    The  price  is  100  guineas.    There  is  also 
a  set  of  the  publications  of  the  Arundel  Society 
1849-97,  price  240  guineas.    There  are  a  number  of" 
books  on  India  and  the  East,  also  Arctic  expedi- 
tions ;  collections  of  tracts  at  moderate  prices  ;  and 
naval  and  military  works.     To  mention  a  few  in 
the  general  list,  we  find  Layard's  'Nineveh.'  2  vols 
royal  folio,  1849-53,  37.  12*.  6d.  (it  was  published  at 
20  guineas);    and  another  scarce    book,   the  '  Le 
Brim  Gallery,'  127.  12*.    Hogarth,  18  parts,  oblong 
folio,    in    wrappers,    as    issued,    1795,  is  21.   10*.  - 
Chauncy's  'Hertfordshire,'  1700,  rare,  51.  18s.  6d.' 
Picart's  'Religious  Ceremonies,'  1736,  37.  3*  (cost 
40(.);    and    Boydell's    'Shakespeare    Gallery,'    14 
guineas  (published  at  200  guineas). 

Messrs.  Sotheran  have  a  number  of  interesting 
works  under  America,  Arctic,  and  Orientalia.  There 
is  a  copy  of  '  Hakluytus    Posthumus'  which   in- 
cludes Smith's  very  rare  map  of  Virginia,  1625-6 
447.  ;    a   complete   set   of   the    Oxford    Historical 
Society,   107.    10*.  ;    *  Architectural    and   Archaeo- 
logical Reports,'  1850-86,  a  choice  set,  01.  9*. :  the 
very   scarce    1820   edition   of    Bewick,    12/.    12*.  ; 
Gould's '  Mammals  of  Australia,'  1845-63  verv  scar'pV 
4iV. ;    Byron's   '  Works,'  illustrated  with   Finders 
plates,  10  vols.  4to,  19*.  19*.     Under  Costume  is  '  Le- 
Costume    Historique '    par    Racinet.    Didot,   1888 
311.  10*.    Under  Cruikshank  much  of  interest  is  tJ 
be  found.     1  here  is  a  copy  of  Clutterbuck's  '  Hert- 
fordshire,'   27/.  10*. ;    Holbein's    '  Portraits  '   181° 
87.  8*.  ;  a  complete  set  of  the  Harleian  Society's 
Publications,  scarce,  351.  :   the  Genealoaist   edited 
by  George  W.  Marshall,  121. 12..  :  La  Fontaine?  17/i-J 
:iV.,  very  scarce.    In  a  long  list  relating  to  Greater 
London  we  find  Pugin  and  Rowlandson's  '  Micro- 
cosm,' Ackermann,  1811,  287.  10*.    There  is  a  list  of 
valuable  autograph  letters  of  actors,  artists    and 
authors.     A  letter  of  Byron's  to  William  Bankes 
mentions    that   Newstead    is    sold    for   140000^ 


340 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       cio*  s.  n.  OCT.  22, 


"sixty  to  remain  in  mortgage  on  the  estate  fo 
•three  years.  Rochdale  is  also  likely  to  do  well — 
.so  my  worldly  matters  are  mending."  The  price  o 
the  letter  is  181.  18$.  But  the  gems  of  the  collection 
.are  the  relics  of  Lord  Byron  and  Miss  Chaworth 
A  long  description  of  these  was  given  by  Mr 
Buxton  Forman  in  the  Athenaeum  of  June  llth  last 
Mr.  Forman  has  no  doubt  as  to  their  authenticity 
They  have  also  been  submitted  to  Mr.  Murray,  anc 
a  letter  of  his  attesting  their  genuineness  accom 
panics  them.  The  price  Messrs.  Sotheran  ask  i 
.2101. 

Mr.  Sutton,  of  Manchester,  has  a  large  collection 
of  books  on  Africa  and  America,  also  on  Cheshire 
{Lancashire,  and  Wales.  There  is  a  copy  of  Pitt 
Rivers's  '  Works,'  in  7  vols.  4to,  privately  printed 
1883-1900,  including  'Primitive  Locks,'3  'Exca 
vations  in  Cranborne  Chase,'  &c.,  6/.  6*'. :  a  collec 
*tion  of  old  Army  Lists  ranging  from  1767 ;  Bur 
ton's  'Arabian  Nights,'  1897,  SI.  ;  Beaumarchais's 
'  La  Folle  Journee  ;  ou,  le  Mariage  de  Figaro,'  first 
edition,  1785,  81.  8s.  ;  Blackwood  from  commence 
ment  to  1890,  152  vols.,  newly  bound  in  half-calf 
151.  ;  Gleeson  White's  *  English  Illustration :  The 
Sixties,'  II.  ;  a  set  of  the  Statistical  Society,  Man- 
chester, 3/.  15*.  ;  and  Fielding  and  Smollett,  Gosse 
and  Henley's  editions,  1898-1901,  the  twenty-four 
volumes  bound  in  half-calf,  10J. 

Mr.  Thomas  Thorp,  of  Reading,  has  Ackermann's 
4  Country  Seats,'  1830,  1(K.  10*-.;  Villault's  '  Africa,' 
1670,  12mo,  scarce,  21.  2s. ;  Allibone,  1878,  21.  18s. 
Matthew  Arnold's  '  Works,'  15  vols.,  11.  Yis.  6c 
(this  issue  is  out  of  print),  also  'Empedocles  on 


1786,  II.  16*.;  Ashmole's  'Berkshire,'  1719,  very 
scarce,  1W.  10*.  There  are  a  number  of  interesting 
items  under  Bewick,  including  a  collection  of  chap- 
books  and  early  juveniles,  73  vols.,  101.  10s.  There 
is  a  copy  of  Boileau,  large  paper,  2  vols.  folio,  1718, 
41.  4s.  First  editions  occur  of  '  La vengro,' and  second 
of  'The  Bible  in  Spain,'  'The  Romany  Rye,'  and 
'The  Zincali.'  There  is  an  interesting  collection 
•of  Civil  War  tracts.  Under  Costumes  is  '  Le 
Moniteur  de  la  Mode,'  1847-69.  This  contains  hun- 
•dreds  of  large  coloured  fashion  plates.  A  first 
edition  of  De  Foe's  '  Fortunate  Mistress'  is  14'.  14s. ; 
Dibdin's  '  Bibliographical  Decameron,'  9^.  96'.  :  a 
genuine  first  edition  of  Jesse's  '  London,'  1847, 
scarce,  21.  15s. ;  a  first  edition  of  4  Vanity  Fair,' 
1848,  51.  There  are  a  number  of  French  books,  and 
a  series  of  'Shakespearian  Engravings,'  Boydell, 
1803. 

Mr.  Voynich,  of  Shaftesbury  Avenue,  continues 
his  short  catalogues,  full  of  rarities,  as  usual. 
Among  many  of  interest  we  note  Sophocles,  1518, 
•31.  15s. ;  Xenophon,  1516,  51.  5s. ;  Plutarch,  1618, 
15s.  ;  Sir  Thomas  Herbert's  '  Travels,'  1638,  6/.  6*. 
•(the  last  part  relates  how  "  Madoc  ap  Owen 
Gwyneth  discovered  America  above  three  hundred 
years  before  Columbus"  ;  no  copy  of  this  is  in  the 
British  Museum) ;  Nostradamus,  1563,  37.  1*.  ;  and 
'  Reformation  der  bairischeu  Landrechte,'  1518, 
printed  on  vellum,  25  guineas.  There  is  a  good 
list  of  English  plays.  These  include  the  rare 
first  edition  of  '  The  Spightful  Sister,'  by  Bailey, 
1667,  21.  2s.  ;  John  Banks's  '  Vertue  Be  tray 'd,'  1682, 
~2L  10s.  (in  the  dedication  is  an  interesting  reference 
to  Shakespeare) :  Henry  Carey's  '  The  Honest 
Yorkshireman,'  1736,  II.  Is.  (acted  for  one  night 


only  at  Drury  Lane:  "The  company  after  one 
night's  acting  was  suddenly  interdicted,  and  the 
House  shut  up") ;  Cavendish's  (first  Duke  of  New- 
castle) 'The  Humorous  Lovers,'  1677,  51.  5s. ;  Con- 
greve's  '  Way  of  the  World,'  first  edition,  1700, 
21.  10s.  ;  and  the  extremely  rare  first  edition  of 
Otway's '  Alcibiades,'  1675,  57.  5s.  Much  to  interest 
may  be  found  under  Italian  Literature,  Morality 
Plays,  French  Literature,  Japan  and  China, 
Astrology,  &c. 

Messrs.  Henry  Young  &  Sons,  of  Liverpool,  send 
us  another  of  their  interesting  catalogues.  There 
is  a  splendid  set  of  Pennant's  works,  1776-1801,  4to, 
251.  ;  Bridges's  'Northampton,' 1791, 151.  15s. ;  Jack- 
son's 'Shropshire  Word-Book,'  51.  5s. ;  a  complete 
set  of  the  Yorkshire  Parish  Register  Society, 
12  vols.,  half -vellum,  51.  15s.  (these  range  from  1538 
to  1812) ;  Blomefield's  '  Norfolk,'  9/.  15s. ;  '  The 
Sepulchral  Brasses  in  Norfolk  and  Suffolk,'  1839, 
61.  6s.:  Grose's  'Antiquities  of  Ireland,'  1791, 
51. 15s.  Qd. ;  and  Cox's  '  Derbyshire  Churches,'  3^.  3s. 
The  Dickens  items  include  some  interesting  letters. 
In  one  of  these  Dickens  apologizes  for  cutting  a 
friend  in  the  street,  and,  explaining,  says:  "My 
own  father  used  to  tell  me  that  I  passed  him  con- 
stantly." In  another  to  Clarkson  Stanfield  he 
writes,  on  27  February,  1843,  "My  Missis  says  that 
we  dine  at  5,  not  half  past,  otherwise  it  is  a  struggle 
and  bustle  to  reach  the  theatre  in  time."  Other 
Dickensiana  are  first  edition  of  '  Pickwick,'  51.  5s. ; 
'  Grimaldi,'  21.  10s.  ;  '  Nicholas  Nickleby,'  21.  10s. ; 
4  Oliver  Twist,'  51.  15s. ;  and  Pailthorpe's  etchings 
to  '  Oliver  Twist,'  38s.  Under  Liverpool  occur  a  col- 
lection of  squibs,  election  addresses,  and  early 
playbills,  1769-1826, 21. 10s. ;  and Herdman's  'Views,' 
1650-1800,  21.  2s.  Other  entries  include  Spenser's 
'  The  Faerie  Queen,'  1611,  101.  10s.  ;  another  copy, 
1617,  101.  10s.  ;  Ovid's  '  Metamorphosis,'  1632, 41.  4s.  ; 
^uinsonas's  '  Margaret  of  Austria,'  Paris,  I860, 
3  vols.,  full  levant  morocco,  41.  4s.  ;  Montalembert's 
'  Monks  of  the  West,'  1861-79,  3/.  15s. ;  and  many  of 
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one  so  well  set  out,  not  one  so  concise,  so  free  from  experi- 
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Certainly  a  book  to  buy  and  to  k^ep." 

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ably  edited  by  Messrs.  Farmer  and  Henley  is  fast  wiping 
away  a  literary  dishonour.  lu  brief,  the  book  compels  to 
admiration." 

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hearty  congratulations  for  the  amount  of  steady  research 
which  their  list  of  quotations  (wonderfully  comprehensive, 
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implies." 


GEORGE  ROUTLEDaE  &  SONS,  LIMITED,  Broadway  House,  Ludgate  Hill,  London. 


io«-  s.  ii.  OCT.  29. 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


341 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  SO,  1901,. 


CONTENTS.-NO.  41. 

NOTES :— Stow's  'Survey':  Sir  John  Pulteney's  "Cold 
Harbour."  341  — Webster  and  Sir  Philip  Sidney,  342— 
Shakespeariana,  343 -Charles  Reade's  Grandmother,  344— 
Ploughing -"Though  lost  to  sight  "—Waterloo— "  Lead- 
ing Article"  :  "  Leader," 345— Children  at  Executions,  346. 

QUERIES  -.—Biggs  Family— Barometer  by  Marinone— Cape 
Bar  Men— Louis  XIV.'s  Heart,  346— General  Kuroki— 
Edward  Gordon,  Sergeant-at-Arms— Monmouth  Cipher- 
Coventry  Worsted  Weavers  —  Corks  —  '  Tracts  for  the 
Times  '— "  I  lighted  at  the  foot  "—American  Order  of  the 
Dragon— Michaelmas  Custom— "  Bonnets  of  Blue,"  347— 
Ruskin  at  Neuchatel— Leche  and  Evelyn  Families— Book- 
borrowing— Governor  Stephenson  of  Bengal— Rev.  Richard 
Winter— "Hand"  — Bradlaugh  Medal  — Alms  Light  — 
"  Aching  void  "  —  "  Dobbin,"  Children's  Game,  348  — 
Lousy-low  — Hazel  or  Hessle  Pears  —  Bottesford  —  The 
Tenth  Sheaf.  349. 

REPLIES :— Jacobite  Verses,  349-H'.lme  Pierrepont  Pariah 
Library— George  SteinmHti  Sieinm.an,  350— Poem  by  H.  F. 
Lyte— German  Volkslied— Northumberland  and  D'urham 
Pedigrees  —  "  Dago  "  —  King's  '  Classical  Quotations '  — 
"  Humanum  esterrare"  — H  in  Cockney, 351— Whitsunday 
—English  Graves  in  Italy— School  Company— Martyrdom 
of  St.  Thomas  :  St.  Thomas  of  Hereford— A.  and  R.  Edgar 
—Italian  Initial  H.  3.">2-Jowett  and  Whewell— Bales— 
First-Floor  Refectories— Acqua  Tofana— Manor  Court  of 
Edwinstowe,  Notts,  353— Pawnshop— Hell,  Heaven,  and 
Paradise  as  Place-names,  354— Humorous  Stories— Joannes 
V.  Johannes  —  Prescriptions,  355  —  Tickling  Trout  —  I 
Majuscule,  356  —  Publishers'  Catalogues  -»•  Chirk  Castle 
Gates,  :{57. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :-Mr.  E.  Marston's  'After  Work '- 
•D.N.B.  Krrata'-Dr.  Krttger  on  English  Stvle  and  Syn- 
tax -'  Book-Prices  Current  '—Oxford  Florin  Milton. 

Obituary  : -Lady  Dilke. 


STOW'S  •  SURVEY ':  SIR  JOHN 
PULTENEY'S  "COLD  HARBOUR." 
IT  has  often  occurred  to  me  that  an 
important  service  would  be  rendered  to 
London  archaeology  if  the  1603  edition  of 
Stow's  *  Survey '  (the  last  published  in  his 
lifetime)  were  thoroughly  overhauled  by  some 
competent  person,  and  brought  abreast  of  our 
present  knowledge  of  the  subjects  treated 
by  the  old  antiquary.  Much  of  this  know- 
ledge lies  buried  in  the  Proceedings  and 
Transactions  of  learned  societies,  and  is  not 
accessible  to  the  general  public.  The  founder 
of  *  N.  &  Q.,'  to  whom  we  all  owe  a  debt  of 
gratitude,  made  no  pretence  of  bringing  the 
*  Survey'  up  to  date  when  he  reprinted  it 
several  years  ago.  Mr.  Fairman  Ordish— 
than  whom  there  could  be  no  better  man  for 
the  work — once  contemplated  doing  some- 
thing of  the  kind,  but  I  believe  the  project 
has  fallen  through.  A  thorough  revision  of 
the  *  Survey  '  would,  perhaps,  be  beyond  the 
capacity  of  a  single  expert,  but  it  could  be 
carried  through  by  means  of  a  small  com- 
mittee, each  member  of  which  might  under- 
take that  section  of  the  work  with  which  he 
•was  most  familiar.  I  trust  that  the  scheme 
may  some  day  be  favourably  viewed  by  the 
London  Topographical  Society,  which  is 


naturally  the  most  suitable  body  for  super- 
vising the  execution  of  the  work. 

An  instance  showing  the  necessity  for  an 
undertaking  of  this  kind  may  be  found  in 
connexion  with  the  "Cold  Harbour"  house 
of  Sir  John  Pulteney,  which  is  mentioned  by 
PROF.  SKEAT  at  p.  413  of  the  last  volume 
(see  also  10th  S.  i.  341,  49G  ;  ii.  14,  74).  PROF. 
SKEAT  quotes  Stow  as  saying  that  Pulteney 
gave  to  Humphrey  de  Bohun,  Earl  of  Here- 
ford, "his  whole  tenement  called  Cold  Har- 
brough,  with  all  the  tenements  and  key 
adjoining."  Mr.  Philip  Norman,  Treas.  S.A.. 
in  the  able  and  interesting  paper  entitled 
bir  John  Pulteney  and  his  Two  Residences 
in  London/  which  was  read  before  the  Society 
of  Antiquaries  on  13  December,  1900,  con- 
clusively showed  that  this  statement  of 
Stow's  was  incorrect. 

Sir  John  Pulteney's  will  and  the  proceed- 
ings of  his  executors  show  that  he  did  not 
part  with  his  proprietary  rights  in  "Cold 
Harbour,"  but  merely  divested  himself  of 
certain  interests  therein.  His  interest  in 
two-thirds  of  the  property  he  parted  with 
to  Earl  Humphrey  during  the  earl's  life, 
while  in  the  remaining  third  his  wife  Mar- 
garet possessed  a  life  interest  by  way  of 
dower,  the  earl,  if  he  survived  her,  possessing 
for  his  life  a  reversionary  interest.  It  was 
under  these  circumstances  that  Sir  John 
Pulteney,  by  his  will,  which  is  enrolled  in 
the  Court  of  Husting,  and  of  which  an 
abstract  has  been  printed  by  Dr.  R.  R. 
Sharpe  in  his  'Calendars  of  Husting 
Wills,'  i.  609,  610,  directed  that  the  "  Cold 
Harbour "  should  be  sold,  Henry  Pykard 
having  the  refusal  of  it  for  one  thou- 
sand marks  sterling.  Apparently  Henry 
Pykard  had  reasons  for  not  taking  up  his 
option,  for  another  deed,  which  was  also 
enrolled  in  the  Court  of  Husting,  declares 
the  manner  in  which  the  executors  carried 
out  Sir  John's  directions.  The  Earl  of 
Hereford  being  still  alive,  as  well  as  Margaret, 
the  widow  of  Sir  John,  who  had  in  the 
meantime  married  Sir  Nicholas  de  Loveyne, 
who  is  wrongly  called  Lovell  by  Stow,  the 
executors  could  sell  only  the  reversion  of  the 
property,  which  would  revert  to  them  after 
the  death  of  the  existing  beneficiaries.  This 
they  accomplished  by  selling  the  reversion  of 
the  two-thirds  held  by  the  earl  and  the  third 
held  by  Margaret  to  Margaret  and  her 
husband,  who  thereby  would  become  possessed 
of  the  whole  of  the  property  after  the  death 
of  the  earl.* 


*  The  official  references  to  the  will  of  Sir  John 
Pulteney  and  to  the  declaration  of  the  executors 
are  Hustings  Rolls  77,  No.  180,  and  81,  No.  107. 


342 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [10*  s.  n.  OCT.  29, 190*. 


Mr.  Norman  has  traced  the  devolution 
of  the  "Cold  Harbour"  property  from  the 
death  of  Sir  John  Pulteney  to  the  present 
time,  but  it  is  sufficient  to  state  that  it  now 
occupies  the  site  on  which  the  premises  of 
the  City  of  London  Brewery  are  built.'  From 
an  orthographical  point  of  view,  it  may  be 
interesting  to  note  that  the  place  was  spelt 
in  two  different  ways  in  Sir  John  Pulteney's 
will :  Le  Coldherberuy  and  Le  Choldherbemve. 
In  the  declaration  of  the  executors  it  is  spelt 
LeColdherbercfh.  W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 


JOHN  WEBSTER  AND  SIR  PHILIP 
SIDNEY. 

(See  ante,  pp.  221,  261,  303.) 
IT  is  not  by  chance,  as  I  have  shown,  that 
Webster  causes  the  fortunes  of  Antonio,  a 
man  of  mean  birth,  and  his  wife  the  duchess, 
to  resemble  at  times  the  fortunes  of  the  queen 
Erona  and  her  mean  -  born  husband  Anti- 
philus.  Nor  is  it  fanciful  to  compare  the 
strange  incident  in  '  The  Duchess  of  Malfi ' 
of  Ferdinand  showing  his  sister  the  artificial 
figures  of  her  husband  and  children  with 
Sidney's  story  of  the  pretended  execution  of 
Philoclea,  as  well  as  with  that  of  Pamela  told 
just  previously.  The  dumb  shows  in  the 
*  Arcadia'  are  devised  by  Cecropia  to  drive 
her  victims  to  despair  and  to  make  them 
yield  to  her  wishes.  In  Webster's  play  the 
device  is  the  same :  the  duchess  is  to  be 
"plagued  in  art,"  and  Ferdinand  says  he  will 
"bring  her  to  despair."  Pamela,  who  was 
also  a  witness  of  the  scene  of  the  pretended 
execution  of  her  sister,  nothing  daunted  at 
the  sight,  became  more  hardened  in  her 
opposition  to  the  wishes  of  Cecropia,  and 
"  she  vowed  never  to  receive  sustenance  of  them 
that  had  been  the  causers  of  my  [Philoclea's] 
murther."— Book  iii. 

So  in  the  play  the  dumb  show  has  the 
opposite  effect  on  the  duchess  to  that  in- 
tended, and  she  tells  Bosola  that  she  will 
starve  herself  to  death.  Again,  when  Cecropia 
found  that  her  cruelty  was  defeating  its  own 
ends,  she  permitted  the  sisters,  who  had  been 
imprisoned  in  different  chambers,  to  come 
together  again, 

"  with  the  same  pity  as  folks  keep  fowl  when  they 
are  not  fat  enough  for  their  eating." — Book  iii. 
Compare : — 

Bosola.  Your  brothers  mean  you  safety  and  pity. 
Duchess.  Pity! 

With  such  a  pity  men  preserve  alive 
Pheasants  and  quails,  when  they  are  not  fat  enough 
To  be  eaten. 

'The  Duchess  of  Malfi,'  III.  v.  132-5. 

I  have  been  thus  particular  in  pointing  out 
a  few  of  the  resemblances  between  the  plots 


of  Sidney  and  Webster  because  I  asserted  in 
my  first  paper  that  incidents  in  the  play 
were  founded  upon  similar  incidents  in  the 
'Arcadia.'  I  could  pursue  the  subject  much 
further,  but  do  not  wish  to  deprive  myself  of 
space  for  dealing  with  Webster's  langua 
and  proverbial  lore. 

It  is  interesting  to  find  that  Webster 
lingered  over  his  reading  of  the  story  of  the 
King  of  Paphlagonia.  Everybody  knows 
that  it  was  from  this  story  that  Shakespeare 
derived  material  for  the  underplot  of  Gloster 
and  his  sons  in  '  King  Lear.'  Sidney's  king 
opens  his  speech  thus  : — 

"'Sirs,'  answered  he  with  a  good  grace,  'your 
presence  promiseth  that  cruelty  shall  not  overrun 
hate  ;  and  if  it  did,  in  truth  our  state  is  sunk  beloio 
the  degree  of  fear.' " — Book  ii. 

The  italicized  words,  slightly  altered, 
appear  in  a  speech  of  Bospla's,  and  in  a 
scene  where  the  duchess,  like  Desdemona 
in  'Othello,'  speaks  after  she  has  been 
strangled  : — 

These  tears,  I  am  very  certain,  never  grew 
In  my  mother's  milk  :  my  estate  is  sunk 
Below  the  degree  of  fear. 

'  The  Duchess  of  Malfi,'  IV.  ii.  429-31. 
Sidney  alludes  to  a  quaint  saying,  breaking 
off  in  the  middle  of  it ;  Webster  obligingly 
fills  up  the   blank,    as    the    following   will 
show  : — 

"Cecropia    grew    so    angry    with     this    unkind 
answer  that  she  could  not  abstain  from  telling  her 
that  she  was  like  them  that  could  not  sleep  ivhen  they 
ivere  softly  laid"  &c. — '  Arcadia,'  Book  iii. 
Julia.  You  are  like  some  cannot  sleep  in  feather- 
beds, 
But  must  have  blocks  for  their  pillows. 

'  The  Duchess  of  Malfi,'  V.  ii.  244-5. 
A  fine  saying  in  the  play  is  that  of  Bosola : 
The  weakest  arm  is  strong  enough  that  strikes 
With  the  sword  of  justice.— V.  ii.  407-8. 
It  comes  from  the  defiance  of  Argalus  to 
Amphialus  : — 

"  Prepare  therefore   yourself  according  to   the 
noble  manner  you  have  used,  and  think  not  lightly 
of  never  so  weak  an  arm  which  strikes  with  the- 
sword  of  justice." — Book  iii. 
Sidney  says  : — 

"  Strictness  is  not  the  way  to  preserve  virtue ;: 
he  had  better  leave  women's  minds  the  most  un- 
tamed that  way  of  any;  for  no  cage  will  please  a 
bird,  and  every  dog  is  the  fiercer  for  tying."— Book  i.. 
The  proverb  is  not  uncommon,  yet  we  may 
assume  that  its  presence  in  Sidney  is  re- 
sponsible for  its  reappearance  in  Webster : — 

Bosola.  This  restraint, 

Like  English  mastiyes  that  grow  fierce  with  tying, 
Makes  her  too  passionately  apprehend 
Those  pleasures  she's  kept  from.— IV.  i.  14-17. 

It  is  a  singular  and  remarkable  fact  that,, 
although  Massinger  was  well  acquainted  with 


ID*  s.  ii.  OCT.  29, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


U3. 


the  'Arcadia'  and  borrowed  from  it,  yet 
several  times  he  varies  Sir  Philip  Sidney  in 
the  very  words  used  by  Webster.  It  is  also 
strange  that  he  should  adopt  the  phrasing  of 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher  in  exactly  the  same 
way.  Take  the  foregoing  parallel  as  an  in- 
stance, and  see  how  the  "  dog  "  of  Sidney  is 
particularized  by  Massinger  and  Webster  as 
the  English  mastiff: — 

Francisco.  These  Turkish  dames 

(Like  English  mastives,  that  increase  their  fierce- 
ness 

By  being  chain'd  up),  from  the  restraint  of  freedom, 
&c.  *  The  Renegade,'  I.  ii. 

Then,  as  regards  Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
note  the  following  : — 

*'  For  the  very  cowards  no  sooner  saw  him  but, 
as  borrowing  some  of  his  spirit,  they  went  like 
young  eagles  to  the  prey  under  the  wings  of  their 
dam." — 'Arcadia,'  Book  lii. 

Ferdinand.  My  soldiers  (like  young  eaglets  prey- 
ing under 

The  wings  of  their  fierce  dam),  as  if  from  him 
They  took  both  spirit  and  fire,  bravely  came  on. 
'  The  Picture,'  II.  ii. 

The  passage  in  Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
which  Mr.  W.  J.  Craig  pointed  out  to  me, 
agrees  with  Massinger  in  changing  Sidney's 

*' ««*  <-»l«ci  "      f/-w      "oorrlnfo"     anrl     in      uf.vlincr      f.llA 


eagles"  to  "eaglets, 
dam  "fierce":— 


and  in  styling  the 


Achillas.  And,  as  inspired  by  him,  his  following 

friends, 

With  such  a  confidence  as  young  eaglets  prey 
Under  the  large  wing  of  their  fiercer  dam, 
Brake  through  our  troops,  and  scatter'd  'em. 

'The  False  One,'  V.  iv. 

Massinger  has  the  same  allusion,  in  almost 
the  same  words,  in  'The  Unnatural  Combat,' 
II.  i.,  and  he  repeats  the  remainder  of  the 
speech  in  the  latter  in  another  scene  of  '  The 
Renegado,'  as  well  as  in  'The  Duke  of  Milan ' 
and  other  plays.  He  was  a  writer  who 
thought  he  could  not  say  a  good  thing  too 
often.  As  regards  'The  False  One,'  it  is 
conjectured  that  Massinger  and  Fletcher 
wrote  the  play  between  them,  and  therefore 
it  is  possible  that  Massinger  is  only  borrow- 
ing from  himself,  as  usual.  But  that  theory 
would  not  account  for  the  great  number  of 
other  parallels  that  are  to  be  found  in 
Massinger  and  Beaumont  and  Fletcher. 

When   the  duchess  is  parting   from    her 
husband,  she  says  to  him, 

In  the  eternal  church,  sir, 
I  do  hope  we  shall  not  part  thus. 

'  The  Duchess  of  Malfi,'  III.  v.  85-6. 

The  phrase  is  from  Sidney  : — 

*'  She  sought  all  means,  as  well  by  poison  as  knife, 
to  send  her  soul  at  least  to  be  married  in  the 
eternal  Church  with  him."—'  Arcadia,'  Book  ii. 
CHARLES  CRAWFORD. 
(To  be  c&nduded.) 


SHAKESPEARIANA. 

'  TROILUS  AND  CRESSIDA,'  V.  i.  20.— Shake- 
speare puts  into  the  mouth  of  Thersites  the 
following  adjuration  to  Patroclus  :  "Prythee 
be  silent  boy,  I  profit  not  by  thy  talke,  thou 
art  thought  to  be  Achilles  male  Varlot."  To 
which  answers  Patroclus  :  "  Male  Varlot  you 
Rogue?  What's  that?"  and  receives  th& 
reply  :  "  Why,  his  masculine  Whore."  The 
"  Globe  "  edition  of  Shakespeare  differs  fron> 
this  text  of  1623  only  in  printing  "varlet" 
for  "  Varlot."  Surely  the  various  emen- 
dators  of  Shakespeare's  text  have  here  omitted 
to  rectify  a  very  obvious  typographical  error- 
"Male  varlot,"  or  "varlet,"  is  clearly  non- 
sense :  a  varlet  is  always  male,  so  far  as  I  am 
aware.  Nor  is  there  any  resemblance  between 
a  varlet  and  a  loose  woman,  even  a  varletess 
being,  according  to  Mr.  Samuel  Richardson, 
nothing  worse  than  a  waiting- woman.  But 
by  the  alteration  of  a  single  letter  in  the 
1623  edition  it  is  possible  to  make  absolute 
sense  instead  of  absolute  nonsense.  Reading. 
h  for  v,  we  have  a  male  harlot,  which  is  pre- 
cisely a  masculine  lohore.  If  I  have  not  dis- 
covered a  mare's  nest,  or  started  a  quarry 
already  put  up  by  others,  may  I  commend 
this  suggested  emendation  to  the  favourable 
consideration  of  Shakespearians  ? 

JAMES  DALLAS. 

The  Old  Vicarage,  Long  Crendon. 

"  AN  INDIAN  BEAUTY,"  '  MERCHANT  OF 
VENICE/  III.  ii.  99.— In  1673  Francis  Osborn 
seems  to  use  this  phrase  in  the  same  sense 
as  Shakspere,  who  implies  that  the  Eastern 
beauty  was  frightfully  ugly  to  the  Eliza- 
bethans. Osborn  prints  *  A  Letter  to  two 
Sisters,  the  one  Black,  the  other  Fair,'  and 
holds  them  both  lovely  :  "  To  both  which  I 
remain  an  equal  Captive."  He  adds  to  his- 
'Letter'  a  bit  of  verse,  as  usual  ('Works/ 
p.  546)  :— 

Beauty  is  writ  in  several  Characters, 
None  but  are  skil'd  in  some  :  who  find  out  All? 
Which  votes  them  mad,  do  say  that  this  man  errs 
Because  his  choice  is  Black,  or  Low,  or  Tall : 
Nature  would  have  all  pleas'd  :  and  such  as  fall 
On  Ordinary  Features,  are  less  learn'd  : 
The  Indian  Beauties  are  as  plain  discern'd 
By  those  do  know  their  Figure,  as  the  White 
Nor  can  Expression  render  it  so  right 
As  may  force  others  to  approve  the  Text : 
Reason,  with  Taste  and  Love,  should  not  be  vexU 

F.  J.  F. 

1  TWELFTH  NIGHT/  I.  i.  5-7  :— 
O  it  came  o'er  my  ear  like  the  sweet  South, 
That  breathes  upon  a  bank  of  violets, 
Stealing  and  giving  odour. 

Pope's  change  of  "sound"  to  "South"  was 
very  happy ;  and  I  feel  sure  that  he  was 
right  There  are  many  variants  of '  this 


344 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  IL  OCT.  29, 190*. 


Beautiful  thought  in  British  poetry.  They 
must  be  well  known,  but  perhaps  they  have 
not  been  all  collected.  I  have  arranged  them 
-so  as  to  show  how  the  poets  were  indebted 
•one  to  another  : — 

Now  gentle  gales, 

Fanning  their  odoriferous  wings,  dispense 
Native  perfumes,  and  whisper  whence  they  stole 
Their  balmy  spoils.— Milton,  'Paradise  Lost.' 

And  west-winds  with  musky  wing 

About  the  cedarn  alleys  fling 

Nard  and  Cassia's  balmy  smells. — '  Comus. 

•Cool  zephyrs  through  the  clear  blue  sky 
'Their  gathered  fragrance  fling. 

Gray,  '  On  the  Spring.' 

And  the  light  wings  of  Zephyr,  opprest  with 

"Wax  faint  o'er  the  gardens  of  Gul  in  her  bloom. 
Byron,  'Bride  of  Abydos.' 

Like  a  rose  embowered 

In  its  own  green  leaves, 
By  warm  winds  deflowered, 

Till  the  scent  it  gives 

Makes  faint  with  too  much  sweet  those  heavy- 
winged  thieves.— Shelley,  'Ode  to  a  Skylark.' 

The  milk-white  rose 

With  whose  sweet  smell  the  air  shall  be  perfumed. 
'2  King  Henry  VI.' 

The  milk-white  thorn  that  scents  the  evening 
gale. — Burns. 

E.  YAKDLEY. 

'  THE  Two  GENTLEMEN  OF  VERONA  ' :  FRIAR 
PATRICK. — In  looking  over  the  brief  file  of  a 
namesake  of  yours,  Notes  and  Queries,  pub- 
lished in  this  city  some  twenty  years  ago, 
but  which  seems  to  have  lived  scarcely  as 
many  weeks  as  you  have  lived  years,  I  find 
this  bit  of  Shakespearian  annotation,  signed 
"Appleton  Morgan,"  the  well-known  Presi- 
dent of  the  New  York  Shakespeare  Society  :— 

"  While  possibly  a  little  too  ready  to  prefer  a 
.morsel,  however  minute,  of  circumstantial  evidence 
to  acreages  of  opinion  in  Shakespeare  matters,  I 
should  be  puzzled  to  know  what  opinion  to  form  of 
what  is  undoubtedly  (it  seems  to  me)  an  item  of 
circumstantial  evidence  of  something— if  one  eould 
only  guess  of  what !  Videlicet,  '  Romeo  and  Juliet ' 
was  printed  in  quarto  by  John  Danter,  in  1597 ; 
'  The  Two  Gentlemen  of  Verona '  was  never  (so  far 
as  we  can  ever  know)  printed  in  quarto  or  otherwise 
until  the  First  Folio  in  1623.  In  this  1623  version 
•(the  only  one  we  have),  at  V.  ii.  36, '  Friar  Lawrence  ' 
is  printed  for  '  Friar  Patrick.3  If  this  is  to  be 
accounted  for  by  the  fact  that  the  copy-holder,  or 
copy-reader — i.e.,  the  person  who  read  the  copy  for 
the  compositor  to  set  up  the  type  (which  was  the 
way  things  were  printed  in  those  days)— had  lately 
read  '  Romeo  and  Juliet,'  and  was  led  to  the  slip  of 
the  tongue  by  the  similarity  of  the  situation  where 
fSylvia  should  meet  her  lover  at  Friar  Patrick's 
cell,  to  the  meeting  of  Romeo  and  Juliet  at  Friar 
Lawrence's,  then  the  error  is  curious,  but  adds 
nothing  to  our  store  of  information  about  Shake- 
speare things  (except  perhaps  that  the  copy-holder 
who  read  lor  the  First  Folio  compositors  in  1623 


had  served  in  that  same  capacity  in  Banter's 
printery  in  1597). 

"But,  if  the  error  was  in  the  copy  he  read  from 
— say  in  an  original  manuscript  made  by  Shake- 
speare himself,  or  even  in  a  transcription  made  by 
a  copyist— then  it  seems  to  prove  that  '  Romeo 
and  Juliet'  came  before  'The  Two  Gentlemen  of 
Verona,'  instead  of,  as  we  have  always  been  so  fully 
persuaded,  that '  The  Two  Gentlemen  of  Verona' 
was  a  sort  of  first  form  of,  or  thumb-nail  sketch  for, 
'  Romeo  and  Juliet.' 

"It  is  all  very  interesting,  but  unfortunately — 
like  so  many  Shakespeare  items — so  very  elusive ! 
If  we  only  had  a  stage  history  of  '  The  Two  Gentle- 
men of  Verona,'  that  copy-holder's  error  might  lead 
us  to  important  discoveries." 

Has  there  ever  been  any  explanation  of 
the  crux  above  noticed  by  Dr.  Morgan  1 

HENRY  GROSS  LANGFORD. 
1244,  Ridge  Avenue,  Philadelphia. 

"MlCHLNG  MALLICHO"  (9th  S.  xi.  504;  10th 
S.  i.  162).— Perhaps  the  following, from  'The 
Dialect  of  the  English  Gypsies,'  by  B.  C. 
Smart,  M.D.,  and  H.  T.  Crofton,  second  edi- 
tion (London,  Asher  &  Co.,  1875),  may  be 
worth  noting  : — 

"  Malleco,  False.  Borrow,  '  Lavo  -  HI,'  1874  ; 
?  Dr.  Paspati,  '  Tchinghianes  ou  Bohemiens  de 
1'Empire  Ottoman,'  1870,  maklo,  stained." 

See  p.  160,  and  for  interpretations  of  con- 
tractions, pp.   157-8.     The  above  is  in   the 
'  Appendix  to  the  Gypsy-English  Vocabulary.' 
ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

'1  HENRY  IV.,'  III.  i.  131  (10£h  S.  ii.  64).— In 
reply  to  PROF.  SKEAT'S  remark  as  to  "  turn- 
ing with  the  foot,"  I  would  suggest  that 
Stow's  distinction  is  between  a  lathe  to  which 
motion  was  given  by  a  boy  turning  a  multiply- 
ing wheel,  and  one  actuated,  as  was  more  com- 
monly the  case,  by  the  workman's  foot.  The 
sound  in  the  first  operation  would  be  nearly 
continuous,  whilst  the  motion  of  a  lathe 
caused  to  revolve  by  the  foot  in  the  very 
crude  fashion  shown  in  engravings  of  the 
period  was  necessarily  irregular  and  inter- 
mittent, and  the  noise  of  the  scrating  corre- 
spondingly loathsome. 

J.  ELIOT  HODGKIN. 


CHARLES  READE'S  GRANDMOTHER.  —  All 
lovers  of  engravings  know  and  admire 
Charles  Turner's  brilliant  mezzotint  of  the 
second  Mrs.  Scott  with  two  of  her  children, 
which  was  first  published  in  1804.  The 
original  picture  by  John  Russell,  R.A.,  which 
had  been  exhibited  at  the  Royal  Academy 
four  years  previously,  is  apparently  lost. 
Surely  English  domestic  life  was  never  more 
delightfully  portrayed.  Yet  in  the  letter- 
press written  to  accompany  a  "  reproduc- 
tion "  of  the  print  in  what  must  be  regarded 


10*  s.  ii.  OCT.  29, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


345 


as  the  authoritative  life  of  'John  Russell, 
R.A.'  (1894),  we  are  told  at  p.  81  that  this 
blameless  and  beautiful  woman  "  was  an 
actress  who  possessed  a  somewhat  battered 
reputation."  Then  some  lines  from  an 
epigram  of  doubtful  taste  are  cited,  the 
sting  of  which  lies  in  a  pun  on  the  surname 
"Waring,"  which  the  second  Mrs.  Scott  never 
bore. 

Permit  me  then  to  state  that  the  second 
Mrs.  Scott  (not  4<  Scott  -  Waring,"  as  the 
writer  erroneously  styles  her)  was  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  Alexander  Blackrie,  a  surgeon- 
general  on  the  Indian  establishment,  who,  on 
retiring  from  active  service,  fixed  his  resi- 
dence at  Bromley  in  Kent.  She  married 
Major  John  Scott,  M.P.,  who  is  known  to 
history  as  the  amiable  but  feather-brained 
gentleman  to  whose  "officious  and  injudicious 
zeal "  Warren  Hastings  owed  most  of  his 
troubles.  Dying  in  1796,  in  her  fifty-first 
year,  she  was  buried  in  Bromley  Churchyard 
under  a  marble  monument,  with  a  long  and 
quaint  epitaph,  which  is  still  decipherable. 
The  elder  of  her  daughters,  Anna  Maria, 
married  John  Reade,  of  Ipsden  House, 
Oxfordshire,  and  became  the  mother  of 
eleven  children  ;  her  fifth  son  being  Edward 
Anderdon  Reade,  a  distinguished  Anglo- 
Indian  official,  while  her  seventh  son  and 
youngest  child  was  Charles  Reade,  the  famous 
novelist  and  dramatist.  "I  owe  the  larger 
half  of  what  I  am  to  my  mother,"  Charles 
Reade  said  of  her.  The  younger  daughter, 
Eliza  Sophia,  married  George  Stanley  Faber, 
the  well-known  Evangelical  divine. 

Two  years  after  the  loss  of  his  charming 
(second)  wife  Major  Scott  inherited  the 
Waring  estates  in  Cheshire,  and  thereupon 
took  the  additional  surname  of  Waring.  A 
year  or  two  later  he  purchased  Peterborough 
House  at  Parsons  Green,  Fulham,  where  he 
lavished  hospitality  on  very  mixed  company. 
At  length  (on  15  October,  1812)  Major  Scott- 
Waring  took  it  into  his  head  to  marry  the 
notorious  Mrs.  Esten,  "formerly  of  Covent 
Garden  Theatre,"  and  on  this  mesalliance  the 
coarse  epigram  alluded  to  was  penned. 

GORDON  GOODWIN. 

PLOUGHING.— It  may  be  thought  worth 
noting  that  on  Thursday,  22  September,  I 
saw  in  one  piece  of  ground  three  teams  of 
horses,  three  teams  or  oxen,  ploughing,  and 
a  steam  plough  at  work.  This  was  near 
Chiseldon,  not  far  from  Swindon,  in  North 
Wilts.  R.  H.  C. 

"THOUGH  LOST  TO  SIGHT,  TO  MEMORY 
DEAR."  (See  ante,  p.  260.)  — Allow  me  to 
correct  a  mistake  in  your  review  of  the 


'  Clarence  King  Memoirs.'  It  was  not  Kingr 
but  his  friend  Horace  F.  Cutter,  who  wrote 
the  poem  *  Though  Lost  to  Sight,  to  Memory 
Dear,'  which  he  published  as  written  by  one 
Ruthven  Jenkyns  in  the  fictitious  Greenwich 
Magazine  for  Mariners  for  1707. 

VIGGO  C.  EBERLIN. 
New  York. 

WATERLOO.  —  The  Rev.  Thomas  Norris, 
Chaplain  to  the  Forces,  sailed  from  Quebec, 
11  June,  1815,  on  board  H.M.S.  Acasta,  forty 
guns,  Capt.  Kerr.  This  ship  and  H.M.S. 
Leander  and  Perseus  were  convoying  fifty- 
four  sail  of  transports  to  England,  and  they 
reached  Portsmouth  15  July.  Mr.  Norm 
left  a  short  MS.  journal  of  the  voyage, 
from  which  I  take  this  note.  On  5  July, 
when  they  were  in  long.  17°  26',  lat.  46°  58', 
543  miles  from  Scilly, 

"at  12  o'clock  the  Leander  informed  us  by  the- 
telegraph  that  she  had  obtained  great  news  from  an. 
American  ship  just  boarded,  that  on  the  16,  17,  and 
18  June  the  Duke  of  Wellington  had  completely 
reduced  Bonaparte,  and  that  flying  to  Paris  the 
latter  had  been  arrested ;  that  General  Picton, 
Ponsonby,  and  the  Prince  of  Brunswick  had  been 
killed,  and  General  Ux  bridge,  Prince  of  Orange, 
and  other  officers  had  been  wounded,  with  40.00O 
men  killed  upon  the  field." 

On  subsequent  days  they  received  further 
intelligence  from  passing  ships,  and  on 
7  July  each  of  the  three  warships  fired  a 
salute  of  twenty-one  guns  '*  in  consequence 
of  Lord  Wellington's  victory."  It  will 
doubtless  be  considered  that  in  their  cir- 
cumstances they  received  the  news  in  a 
remarkably  short  space  of  time  after  the 
event.  W.  C.  B. 

"LEADING  ARTICLE"  AND  "LEADER."  — 
Nearly  thirty  years  ago  MR.  HAROLD  LEWIS, 
a  well-known  Bath  journalist,  put  a  query 
(5th  S.  iv.  108)  as  to  the  origin  of  the  terms 
"  leading  article  "  and  "  leader,"  and  suggested 
the  possibility  of  their  having  grown  out  of 
the  printer's  term  "leaded,"  "applied  to 
matter  that  is  made  to  show  a  white  space 
between  the  lines  by  placing  thin  strips  of 
metal  between  the  lines  of  type."  I  can  trace 
only  one  reply,  and  that  from  another 
journalist,  MR.  W.  B.  WILLIAMS,  of  Sunder- 
Jand,  who  (ibid.,  p.  176)  rejected  the  sug- 
gestion as  impossible.  I  had  been  inclined 
to  agree  with  this  opinion  until  discovering 
the  very  term  " leaded  article"  in  a  London 
newspaper  of  three  years  before  the  earliest 
quotation  for  "leading  article"  given  m 
4H.E.D.' 

In  'The  Spirit  of  the  Public  Journals  for 
1804'  (p.  74)  is  an  extract  from  the  Oracle 
which  refers  to  "a  remarkable  passage  in 


346 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  H.  OCT.  29,  ion. 


the  leaded  article  of  Wednesday's  Times,' 
and  some  lines  are  appended,  two  of  which 
ran  :— 

In  style  sublime  to  make  a  wondrous  clatter, 
And  with  opake  ideas  to  shine  in  leaded  matter. 
It  is  interesting  to  note  that  so  lately  as 
10  August,  1886,  the  Pall  Mall  Gazette  alluded 
to  "the  leaded  articles  penned  in  Fleet 
Street "  ;  but  it  is  to  be  observed  that  in  the 
Times  of  the  same  year  as  the  quotation 
already  given  from  the  Oracle  appeared  a 
satirical  offer  from  an  imaginary  political 
Scotchman  to  write  "  leading  paragraphs 
for  newspapers  "  ('  The  Spirit  of  the  Public 
Journals  for  1804,'  p.  10). 

ALFEED  F.  BOBBINS. 

CHILDREN  AT  EXECUTIONS.— Some  eleven 
years  ago  (8th  S.  iv.  404)  I  contributed  to 
*N.  &  Q.'  two  examples  of  school  children 
being  sent  to  witness  public  executions. 
The  instances  I  gave  related  to  Lincoln. 
I  have  recently  encountered  a  French 
example.  At  Orange,  during  the  Terror, 
many  so-called  political  executions  took 
place.  A  writer  in  the  Dublin  Review  for 
July  last  tells  us  that  there  the  guillotine 

*'  stood  on  a  raised  platform,  which  was  adorned 
with  flags  as  if  for  a  national  festival.  Around  it 
gathered  a  dense  crowd,  in  the  midst  of  which 
might  have  been  recognized,  from  their  troubled 
countenances  and  evident  anxiety  to  avoid  notice, 
the  relations  and  friends  of  those  who  were  about  to 
die.  Children  were  there,  too,  for  the  schoolmasters 
and  schoolmistresses  of  the  town  had  orders  to 
take  their  pupils  to  witness  the  executions.  Some 
years  ago  there  were  still  old  people  living  at 
Orange  who  remembered  how,  in  their  youth,  they 
had  been  present  at  the  ghastly  spectacle  !  "—P.  67. 

EDWARD  PEACOCK. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

BIGGS  OR  BYGGES  FAMILY,  WORCESTER- 
SHIRE.— Will  any  reader  help  us  to  trace  a 
missing  link  in  the  pedigree  of  the  family 
of  Biggs  or  Bygges  of  Worcestershire  ? 

We  particularly  want  to  trace  the  birth  of 
the  first  Thomas  Biggs,  of  Pedmore,  near 
Stourbridge,  who  in  his  marriage  bond,  dated 
18  July,  1737,  described  himself  as  of  Stour- 
bridge, in  the  parish  of  Old  Swinford,  and 
about  thirty-seven  years  of  age.  We  have 
not,  however,  been  able  to  find  the  birth  of 
any  Thomas  Biggs  during  the  years  1699- 
1701. 


It  has  always  been  believed  that  our  family 
is  descended  from  the  same  branch  as  that  of 
Sir  Thomas  Bigg  (or  Bygges),  knight  baronet, 
of  Norton  and  Lenchwick,  near  Evesham, 
who  died  in  1621,  and  whose  arms  and  crest 
we  have  always  borne,  though  the  latter 
now  shows  the  hand  grasping  the  serpent  in 
the  middle,  instead  of  enwrapping,  as  his 
used  to  do.  Our  arms  are  Argent,  on  a  fesse, 
between  three  martlets  sable,  as  many 
annulets  or. 

As  Sir  Thomas  Bigg  died  without  children, 
and  his  sister's  children  were  the  next  of  kin, 
our  family  is  most  probably  descended  from 
the  children  of  his  uncle,  Philip  Bigge  (or 
Bygges),  of  Aldington,  who  died  at  Evesham 
in  1640  and  had  four  or  five  sons,  as  follows  : 
Gabriel,  b.  1587,  d.  1615  ;  Uriel  (?),  name  not 
distinguishable,  b.  1593  ;  Thomas,  b.  1602  ; 
Henry,  b.  1603.  There  was  also  a  Will.  Biggs, 
married  to  Joan  Tome,  of  Quinton,  in  1622, 
who  is  believed  to  have  been  another  son. 

All  traces  of  them  appear  to  have  vanished 
after  this,  probably  because  the  family  fought 
for  King  Charles  and  lost  all  their  property, 
and  so  possibly  descended  in  the  social  scale, 
rising  again  when  they  came  to  Pedmore 
about  1730-40,  or  earlier,  as  we  have  crested 
silver  dated  1713.  We  particularly  want  to 
find  the  connecting  links  between  these  two 
families. 

There  are  some  very  handsome  tombs  in 
the  Biggs  Chapel  at  Norton  Church,  near 
Evesham.  Please  reply  direct. 

(Major)  H.  VERO  BIGGS,  D.S.O.,  R.E. 
C/o  Capt.  Sherwill,  Powick,  nr.  Worcester. 

BAROMETER  BY  MARINONE  &  Co. — Can  any 
correspondent  give  me  information  as  to  the 
date  of  a  barometer  by  the  above  firm  ? 

J.  HARRISON. 

CAPE  BAR  MEN.— In  1806  Lord  St.  Vincent, 
then  in  command  of  the  Channel  Fleet,  wrote 
of  a  brother  officer,  in  perhaps  exaggerated 
language :  "  He  is  the  meanest  thief  in  the 
whole  profession,  abounding  as  it  still  does 
with  Cape  Bar  men."  Can  any  one  explain 
this  ?  What  or  who  were  Cape  Bar  men  ? 
J.  K.  LAUGHTON. 

Louis  XIV.'s  HEART.— In  view  of  the 
recent  death  of  Sir  William  Harcourt  at; 
tSTuneham  the  following  excerpts  from  Sir 
M.  E.  Grant  Duff's  '  Notes  from  a  Diary '  are 
doubly  interesting.  Under  date  6  October, 
1893,  the  diarist  writes  : — 

'I  mentioned  as  an  instance  of  the  way  in  which 
stories  get  altered,  that  a  friend  wrote  to  me  the 
other  day  that  she  had  heard  it  said  that  Max 
Miiller  had  swallowed  the  heart  of  Louis  XIV. 
[  was  able  to  reply  to  her  that  the  story  had 


io"  s.  ii.  OCT.  29,  KIM.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


347 


been  told  me  years  ago,  the  hero  of  it,  however 
being  Dean  Buckland,  when  his  mind  was  going 
but  that  I  did  not  know  whether  it  was  true." 
And  again,  under  date  6  November,  1893  :— 

"  I  talked  with  Lecky  about  the  story  of  Buck 
land  swallowing  the  heart  of  Louis  XIV.  *  It  is, 
he  said,  *  I  suspect,  quite  true  :  at  least  Sir  Henry 
Howorth  told  me  he  had  looked  into  it,  and  was 
of  that  opinion.  It  is  stated  to  have  happened  al 
Nuneham,  Mr.  Harcourt's  place  near  Oxford.'" 

As  the  above  is  somewhat  ambiguous,  I  ain 
desirous  to  know  who  is  reputed  to  have 
swallowed  the  monarch's  heart,  and  how 
Only  'N.  &Q. 'can  reply. 

J.  B.  McGovERN. 

St.  Stephen's  Rectory,  C.-on-M.,  Manchester. 

GENERAL  KUROKI.— In  an  issue  of  the 
Daily  Chronicle  some  time  ago  it  was  asserted 
that  Kuroki  was  of  Polish  origin,  as  his  coat 
of  arms  was  the  same  as  that  still  borne  by  the 
Kurowski  family.  What  ground  is  there  for 
this  assertion  ?  What  are  the  arms  referred 
to? 

In  Rietstap's  '  Armorial  General '  the  arms 
of  four  families  of  Kurowski  are  given.  Three 
of  these  are  described  as  Polish,  and  are  said 
to  bear  the  same  arms  respectively  as  the 
families  of  Lubicz,  Sreniawa,  and  Zadora. 
The  fourth  family  is  described  as  of  Posnania, 
and  as  bearing  the  same  arms  as  those  of 
Nalencz  II.  CHR.  WATSON. 

264,  Worple  Road,  Wimbledon. 

EDWARD  GORDON,  SERGEANT- AT -ARMS.— 
Where  can  I  find  a  notice  of  this  official? 
He  was  the  son  of  Edward  Gordon,  of 
Bromley,  and  I  think  the  father  of  Mrs. 
Gordon  Smithies,  the  novelist. 

J.  M.  BULLOCH. 
118,  Mall  Pall,  S.W. 

MONMOUTH  CIPHER  —I  should  be  deeply 
grateful  to  any  of  your  correspondents  who 
have  had  any  experience  in  reading  ciphers, 
or  of  puzzling  them  out,  if  they  would  kindly 
communicate  with  me.  There  is  a  cipher  by 
the  ill-fated  Duke  of  Monmouth  which  I 
should  like  help  in  solving.  The  solution 
would  be  a  matter  of  great  historical  interest. 
(Rev.)  JOHN  WILLCOCK. 

Lerwick,  N.B. 

COVENTRY  WORSTED  WEAVERS.— The  late 
Mr.  W.  G.  Fretton,  F.S.A.,  of  Coventry,  in 
an  article  that  appeared  in  the  Old  Cross, 
a  quarterly  magazine  for  Warwickshire  (of 
which  I  believe  only  four  numbers,  1878  and 
1879,  were  issued),  part  i.  pp.  80-84,  gives 
some  extracts  from  the  books  of  the  Company 
of  Silk  and  Worsted  Weavers  of  Coventry 
dated  1650  and  following  years.  Where  is 


this  book?  It  does  not  appear  to  be  in  the 
custody  of  the  clerk.  Any  information  on 
this  subject  will  be  welcomed.  SILO. 

CORKS.— ''There  was  an  English  fruiterer 
at  dinner,  travelling  with  a  Belgian  fruiterer; 
in  the  evening  at  the  cafe  we  watched  our 
compatriot  drop  a  good  deal  of  money  at 
corks ;  and  I  don't  know  why,  but  this 
pleased  us"  (R.  L.  Stevenson,  'An  Inland 
Voyage,'  section  headed  '  At  Landrecies ').  No 
dictionary  accessible  here  explains  the  word 
corks  in  this  passage.  Murray,  Webster,  the 
best  English-German  dictionaries,  and  the 
4  Slang  Dictionary '  of  Barrere  and  Leland, 
have  been  consulted  in  vain.  Is  it  a  card 
game,  a  game  played  on  a  billiard-table,  or 
what?  L.  R.  M.  STRACHAN. 

Heidelberg,  Germany. 

'  TRACTS  FOR  THE  TIMES;  —  Can  any  one 
direct  me  to  a  complete  list  of  the  authors 
of  the  'Tracts  for  the  Times,'  stating  their 
respective  contributions?  Some  one  asked 
this  question  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  of  1859,  but  got 
no  answer.  I  am  aware  that  the  *  D.NJB.' 
article  on  Newman  specifies  the  tracts  of 
his  authorship.  W.  G.  H. 

"I  LIGHTED  AT    THE    FOOT,"  &C.  —  Who  is 

the  author  of  the  following  lines,  and  where 

do  they  occur? — 

1  lighted  at  the  foot 
Of  Holy  Helicon,  and  drank  my  fill 
At  that  clear  spout  of  Aganippe's  stream. 
I've  rolled  my  limbs  in  ecstasy  along 
The  selfsame  turf  on  which  old  Homer  lay 
That  night  he  dreamed  of  Helen  and  of  Troy. 

SNYFE. 

AMERICAN  MILITARY  ORDER  OF  THE 
DRAGON.— I  shall  be  much  obliged  if  any 
one  can  give  me  information  as  to  the  origin, 
"listory,  and  constitution  of  the  above  order. 

W.  J. 

MICHAELMAS  CUSTOM.— It  was  the  custom 
n  some  parts  of  Ireland  twenty  years  ago, 
tfter  killing  the  Michaelmas  goose,  to  sprinkle 
a  few  drops  of  the  blood  on  the  floor  of  all 
the  rooms  in  the  house.    I  have  asked  old 
nhabitants,   priests,  and  others  for  an  ex- 
planation of    this  curious  old  custom,  but 
mve  never  been    able  to  elicit  any  infor- 
mation about  it.     Perhaps  some  reader  of 
N.  &  Q.'  can  give  an  idea  as  to  its  origin, 
nd  also   tell   me  whether  it  prevails  any- 
where in  England.     It  is  still,  I  am  told,  to 
)0  met  with  in  Ireland. 

FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 

"  BONNETS  OF  BLUE."— Will  a  reader  kindly 
nform  me  where  to  find  the  words  and  music 


348 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  n.  OCT.  29,  im 


of  an  old  English  (?)  ditty  in  which  occurs 
this  line  :  "Hurrah  for  the  bonnets  of  blue'"? 
The  writer  heard  a  Yorkshireman  (born  at 
Beverley,  York,  circa  1819)  sing  a  few  words 
only,  in  America,  during  March  last. 

E.  BEAUCHAMP. 
[We  recall,  but  cannot  trace.] 

RUSKIN  AT  NEUCHATEL.  —  Can  any  of  your 
readers  inform  me  where  Ruskin  gives  an 
account  of  his  receiving  his  first  revelation 
of  the  beauty  of  nature,  in  his  early  youth, 
when  walking  on  the  shores  of  the  lake  of 
Neuchatel  ?  P.  A.  F.  STEPHENSON. 

Neuchatel. 

LECHE  AND  EVELYN  FAMILIES.—  I  should 
be  glad  to  know  whether  Sir  John  Evelyn,  of 
Godstone,  Surrey,  left  a  daughter  Jane,  and 
if  so,  whether  she  was  the  wife  of  Sir  William 
Leche,  of  Squerries  in  Kent.  Hester  Leche, 
daughter  of  Sir  William,  was  heiress  of 
manors  of  Shipley  and  Duffield,  co.  Derby. 
Were  these  manors  ever  possessed  by  the 
Evelyn  or  Leche  families  ?  P.  C.  D.  M. 

BOOK-BORROWING.—  In  my  copy  of  Mathew 
Green's  poem  '  The  Spleen,'  1796,  a  previous 
owner  —  probably  the  purchaser  of  the  book 
about  that  date  —  has  fixed  inside  the  cover 
his  name,  "William  Long,"  on  a  label,  and 
below  this  on  another  label  the  following  :  — 

Read  and  return, 

Nor  other's  goods  disperse  ; 

Be  you  the  wiser, 

And  the  book  no  worse. 

Is  this  original  or  quotation  1 

HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 

GOVERNOR  STEPHENSON  OF  BENGAL.  —  I 
should  be  glad  of  any  information  concerning 
Edward  Stephenson,  Governor  of  Bengal  in 
the  first  half  of  the  eighteenth  century.  S. 

REV.  RICHARD  WINTER.  —  Can  any  one  in- 
form me  to  what  church  the  Rev.  Richard 
Winter,  New  Court,  Carey  Street,  London, 
was  attached  in  1775? 

A.   J.    C.    GUIMARAENS. 


^XD."—  I  have  a  small  book,  in  the 
tiniest  manuscript,  of  the  date  1682-4,  giving 
an  account  of  the  various  crops  reaped  each 
year  in  a  district  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
Cambridge  (Royston,  Triplow,  &c.,  being 
mentioned).  There  is  nothing  to  show  who 
was  the  writer  ;  but  it  has  been  kept  with 
great  care  and  detail,'  naming  quantities  of 
each  crop  reaped,  how  disposed  of,  names  of 
various  fields  sown,  and  the  persons  to  whom 
the  crops  were  sold.  In  the  course  of  the 
account  many  old  words  occur,  but  I  have 
found  most  of  them  in  Halli  well's  '  Archaic 


and  Provincial  Words'  or  the  'English 
Dialect  Dictionary.'  I  have,  however,  come 
across  the  following  sentence  referring  to- 
barley  :— 

"  Note.  That  the  7th,  9th,  12th,  and  this  13th 
dressings,  making  in  all  24  quarters  one  bushell  and 
3  pecks,  came  all  out  of  the  first  mow  on  the  right 
hand  in  the  new  barne,  and  the  Hand  was  full  of 
Rye  besides." 

I  can  find  no  mention  of  "iland"  or  "island" 
in  the  above  sense  in  any  dictionary.  What 
is  its  signification  1  A.  H.  ARKLE, 

BRADLAUGH  MEDAL.— A  medal  in  bronze 
bears  upon  the  obverse  a  good  likeness  of 
Bradlaugh,  and  the  words  "Charles  Brad- 
laugh."  The  reverse  has  the  rim  inscription : 
"To  his  honor  he  was  elected  M.P.  for 
Northampton,  1880-1881."  On  the  field  is  an 
urn,  bearing  the  words  "  Education,  Equity, 
Humanity."  On  the  top  is  laid  a  beam,  with 
the  scales  hanging  to  midway  on  each  side  of 
the  urn.  The  medal  is  very  roughly  executed, 
and  appears  to  have  been  run  in  a  sand- 
mould,  and  the  edge  has  been  trimmed  with 
a  file.  When  and  where  would  this  be  made  I 
Is  it  a  copy  of  a  better  executed  medal1? 

THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 

Worksop. 

ALMS  LIGHT.— Robert  Rolfe,  of  Sandwich, 
in  his  will  dated  1469,  leaves  a  small  bequest 
"to  the  light  of  the  Elemosinar,"  in  the  church 
of  St.  Clement,  Sandwich.  Two  other  wills 
of  same  date  have  a  similar  bequest.  Joan 
Kenet,  another  parishioner,  whose  will  (1477) 
is  in  English,  gives  "to  the  Almeslight 
there."  What  is  the  meaning  in  a  parish- 
church  ?  ARTHUR  HUSSEY. 

Tankerton-on-Sea,  Kent. 

"  ACHING  VOID." — How  far  can  this  phrase 
be  traced  back  1  In  Pope's  '  Eloisa '  we 
read : — 

No  craving  void  left  aching  in  the  soul. 

Cowper's  hymn-line  is  familiar  :— 

But  they  have  left  an  aching  void. 
And  Charles  Wesley  writes  : — 

My  soul  is  all  an  aching  void. 
Coleridge,  I  believe,  made  a  sort  of  pun 
about  "void  Aikin"  and  an  "aching  void." 

I  suppose  no  good  writer  of  our  day  would 
allow  himself  to  use  this  hackneyed  expres- 
sion otherwise  than  humorously. 

C.  LAWRENCE  FORD. 

[Yet  it  fully  indicates  the  sense  of  absence  of  a 
beloved  object  which  we  have  heard  familiarly 
called  "empty  pitchers."] 

"DOBBIN,"  CHILDREN'S  GAME.  —  At  the 
pretty  village  of  Eccleston,  Cheshire,  in  1852, 
(and  probably  earlier  and  later),  this  game 


io"  s.  ii.  <XT.  -29, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


349 


used  to  be  played  in  the  street  by  little  girls, 
who  stood,  four,  holding  hands,  dancing  and 
singing  round  one  ("Dobbin")  lying  on  the 
ground  : — 

Old  Dobbiu  is  dead, 

Ay,  ay ; 

Dobbin  is  dead, 
He  's  laid  in  his  bed, 
Ay,  ay. 

There  let  him  lie, 

Ay,  ay ; 

Keep  watch  for  his  eye, 
For  if  he  gets  up 
He  '11  eat  us  all  UP— 

and  awa.y  they  scampered,  and  Dobbin  after 
them.  The  one  he  first  caught  lay  down 
again  for  "  Dobbin/'  when  it  was  repeated. 

Has  any  reader  heard  of  this  game?  and 
does  it  now  survive  in  any  part  of  England 
or  Wales  ?  W.  I.  R.  V. 

LOUSY  -  LOW.  —  In  Bateman's  *  Ten  Years' 
ings '    a    barrow    called    Lousy-low,  in 


Staffordshire,  is  mentioned.  In  the  'Black 
Book  of  Hexham'  (Surtees  Soc.),  p.  61,  I  find 
"  Le  Lousy-lawe  "  and  *'  Lousy-law-carre  "  ; 
compare  also  Lousey-Cross,  near  Richmond, 
Yorkshire.  According  to  Mr.  Searle's  '  Ono- 
masticon  Anglo  -  Saxonicum,'  Lownan  is  a 
form  of  Leofnan.  If  that  is  right,  Lousy 
may  stand  for  the  man's  name  Leofsige,  of 
frequent  occurrence.  Can  this  derivation  be 
justified  by  the  laws  of  phonetic  change  ? 

S.  O.  ADDY. 

HAZEL  OR  HESSLE  PEARS.— A  very  com- 
mon kind  of  pear  is  known  in  these  parts  as 
the  "  Hessle  pear,"  and  is  so  described  in 
Shirley  Hibberd  on  *  Vegetables  and  Fruits,' 
London,  n.d.,  p.  257,  in  a  list  of  "Hardy  Pears 
suitable  for  the  North  of  England."  This 
writer  seems  to  think  that  the  pears  are 
named  from  Hessle  on  the  Humber,  and  they 
are  commonly  so  named.  In  Hull  market, 
however,  they  are  labelled  "Hazel  pears" 
(often  pronounced  "Hazzle"),  as  if  named 
from  their  I lazel-brown  colour.  Is  it  known 
what  the  origin  of  the  term  really  is  1  I  do 
not  find  anything  like  it  among  the  sixty-four 
names  of  pears  in  Parkinson's  'Paradisi,' 
1629,  pp.  592-3.  J.  T.  F. 

Winterton,  Doncaster. 

BOTTESFORD,  otherwise  spelt  Botesford, 
was  in  the  reign  of  Henry  III.  a  manor  in 
Devonshire.  Does  it  exist  now  ?  if  so,  where 
is  it?  See  'Calendar  of  Inquests  post 
Mortem,'  vol.  i.,  Henry  III.,  articles  50  and 
564.  N.  M.  &  A. 

THE  TENTH  SHEAF.— A  friend  of  mine  tells 
me  that  it  used  to  be  the  custom  in  Dorset- 
shire to  arrange  the  sheaves  of  corn  in 


the  harvest  field  in  shocks  by  ten,  so  that  in 
each  shock  the  last  or  tenth  sheaf  repre- 
sented the  tithe.  Is  this  custom  still  kept 
up,  and  in  what  parts  of  the  country  ?  What 
is  the  most  usual  way  of  putting  the  sheaves 
into  shocks  ?  and  how  many  sheaves  do  the 
shocks  usually  consist  of  ? 

H.  W.  UNDERDOWN. 


JACOBITE    VERSES. 

(10th  S.  ii.  288.) 

IN  a  MS.  collection  of  Jacobite  songs  and 
poems  which  I  procured  some  years  £ago 
from  Mr.  Baker,  of  Soho  Square,  I  find  on 
p.  19  the  following.  It  or  the  other  given 
below  may  have  been  the  "jingle"  which  got 
Mr.  Fern  into  trouble.  I  quote  literatim  :— 

A  SONG. 

Of  all  the  Days  that 's  in  the  year 
I  dearly  Love  but  one  day, 
And  that  is  Called  the  Tenth  of  June 
And  it  falls  on  a  Tuesday. 
In  my  best  Cloaths 
And  my  White  rose 

I  '11  Drink  a  health  to  J v  [Jamey], 

He  is  my  true  and  Lawfull  K — g 
And  I  hope  he  '11  Come  and  see  mee. 

Br— s— k  shall  goe,  and  Turnops  hoe 
For  such  as  please  to  buy  them,) » 
And  Nummy  he  shall  Drive  the  Cart 
And  about  the  streets  shall  cry  them. 
A  figg  for  those  That  dose  oppose 

So  Bright  a  Lad  as  J y. 

He  is  n>y  true  and  Lawfull  K— g 
And  I  hope  he  soon  will  see  mee. 

Potatoes  is  a  lovely  Dish 

While  Turnops  is  a  springing, 

When  J y  comes  we  will  rejoyce 

And  set  the  bells  a  ringing. 

W  '11  take  the  C-k-d  by  his  Horns 

And  Halle  him  down  to  douer, 

W  '11  put  him  in  a  Leather  boat 

And  send  him  to  Hannouer. 
The  date  of  this  song  might  be  fixed  by 
the  coincidence  of  10  June  with  a  Tuesday. 
Who  was  *'  Nummy  "  ?    It  is  slang  for  num- 
skull, dolt,  or  noodle  (see  below). 

On  further  examination  I  find  on  p.  42 
this  same  song,  with  slight  variations  and  an 
extra  verse,  written  by  another  hand.  Here 
in  the  first  verse  "  Tuesday  "  becomes  "  Mon- 
day," and  the  second  verse  begins  : — 

Old  H r  does  Turnips  sell 

And  through  the  Street  does  cry  them, 

Young  noodle  leads  about  the  Ass 

To  such  as  please  to  buy  them. 

The  last  verse  begins  : — 

The  British  Lyon  then  shall  rear 

The  foundered  horse  of  B k. 

And  G— ge  for  want  of  better  Nagg 
Shall  ride  upon  a  Broomstick. 


350 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  OCT.  29, 1904. 


Following  this  song  (p.  43)  is  another, 
called  'The  Turnip  Song,  a  Georgick.'  It 
contains  nine  verses,  with  the  chorus  (slightly 
varied  by  beginning  with  "That"  or  "Where"), 

Then  a  Hoeing  he  may  go,  may  go,  may  go, 
And  his  Turnips  he  may  hoe. 

Of  all  the  Roots  of  H r 

The  Turnip  is  the  best, 

'Tis  his  Sallad  when  'tis  raw, 

And  his  Sweetmeat  when  'tis  drest. 

A  potatoe  to  dear  Joy, 
And  a  Leek  to  Taffy  give, 

But  to  our  Friend  H r 

A  Turnip  while  you  live. 

No  root  so  fit  for  barren 

H r  can  be  found, 

For  the  Turnip  will  grow  best 
When  'tis  sown  in  poorest  ground. 
But  if  it  be  transplanted 
'Twill  shortly  have  an  end, 
And  the  higher  still  it  grows 
It  must  the  sooner  bend. 

The  shallow  and  the  soft 
In  greatness  do  excell, 
But  if  rooted  deep  'tis  rank 
And  will  ne're  digest  so  well. 
The  Turnip  ne're  should  swell 
Like  the  Turbant  of  a  Turk,  * 
For  'tis  best  when  'tis  no  greater 
Than  the  White  Rose  of  York. 
These  Turnips  have  a  K— g, 
If  we  may  creditt  Fame, 
His  Sceptre  is  his  Hoe 
And  C d  is  his  name. 

Their  seed  tho'  small  increases 
If  the  Land  doth  it  befriend, 
And  when  they  grow  too  numerous 
'Tis  time  they  shou'd  be  thin'd. 
May  the  Turnip  make  a  season 
For  a  better  plant  to  grow, 

Lest  ye  H r  root  prove 

The  Root  of  all  our  woe. 

CECIL  DEEDES. 
Chichester. 

I  think  the  following  poem  is  the  one 
sought  for  by  ASTARTE  :— 

THE  Sow's  TAIL  TO  GEORDIE. 
It's  Geordie 's  now  come  hereabout, 
O  wae  light  on  his  sulky  snout ! 
A  pawky  sow  has  found  him  out, 
And  turned  her  tail  to  Geordie. 

The  sow's  tail  is  till  him  yet, 

A  sow's  birse  will  kill  him  yet. 

The  sow's  tail  is  till  him  yet, 

The  sow's  tail  to  Geordie. 
It 's  Geordie  he  came  up  the  town, 
Wi  a  bunch  o'  turnips  on  his  crown  : 
"Aha  !"  quo'  she,  "I'll  pull  them  down, 
And  turn  my  tail  to  Geordie." 


The  sow's  tail  is  till  him  yet,  &c. 


An  allusion  to  the  king's  two  favourite  valets, 
Mustapha  and  Mahomet,  captives  of  one  of  his 
Turkish  campaigns.  See 'D.N.B.,' xxi.  150 


It 's  Geordie  he  got  up  to  dance 
And  wi'  the  sow  to  take  a  prance, 
And  aye  she  just  her  hurdies  flaunce, 
And  turned  her  tail  to  Geordie. 

The  sow's  tail  is  till  him  yet,  &c. 

It 's  Geordie  he  gaed  out  to  hang, 

The  sow  came  round  him  wi'  a  bang : 

"  Aha  ! "  quo'  she,  "  there 's  something  wrang ; 

I'll  turn  my  tail  to  Geordie." 

The  sow's  tail  is  till  him  yet,  &c. 

The  sow  and  Geordie  ran  a  race, 
But  Geordie  fell  and  brak'  his  face  : 
"  Aha  ! "  quo'  she,  "  I  've  won  the  race, 
And  turned  my  tail  to  Geordie." 
The  sow's  tail  is  till  him  yet,  &c. 

It 's  Geordie  he  sat  down  to  dine, 
And  who  came  in  but  Madam  Swine  ? 
"Grumph  !  Grumph  !  "  quo'  she,  "I'm  come  in 

time, 
I  '11  sit  and  dine  with  Geordie." 

The  sow's  tail  is  till  him  yet,  &c. 

It 's  Geordie  he  lay  down  to  die ; 

The  sow  was  there  as  weel  as  he  : 

"  Umph  !  Umph  !  "  quo'  she,  "  he 's  no  for  me," 

And  turned  her  tail  to  Geordie. 

The  sow's  tail  is  till  him  yet,  &c. 

It 's  Geordie  he  got  up  to  pray, 

She  mumpit  round  and  ran  away  ; 

"Umph!   Umph!"  quo'  she,  "he's  done  for 

aye," 
And  turned  her  tail  to  Geordie. 

The  sow's  tail  is  till  him  yet,  &c. 

I  am  sorry  I  am  unable  to  trace  the  name 
of  the  author.  JOHN  SYDNEY  HAM. 


HOLME  PIERREPONT  PARISH  LIBRARY  (10th 
S.  ii.  149,  295).— I  am  much  obliged  to  MRS. 
J.  SMITH  for  the  copy  of  the  inscription.  It 
is  to  be  noticed  that  the  monument  was 
erected  by  the  third  son,  Gervase,  and  not 
by  the  Royalist  Marquis  of  Dorchester,  who, 
in  1649,  went  to  London  to  live  in  retirement 
and  study  physic.  This  Gervase  must,  I 
suppose,  be  the  same  as  the  Francis  men- 
tioned in  the  'D.N.B.'  as  being  the  third  son 
of  Robert  Pierrepont.  If  so,  he  is  stated  to 
have  been  a  colonel  in  the  Parliamentary 
army,  representing  Nottingham  in  the  later 
years  of  the  Long  Parliament,  and  dying  in 
1659. 

Is  it  possible  that  there  is  no  monument  at 
Holme  Pierrepont  to  the  eldest  son,  Henry 
Pierrepont,  Marquis  of  Dorchester  ?  He  died 
at  his  house  in  Charterhouse  Yard  on  8  De- 
cember, 1680,  and  after  lying  in  state  his 
remains  were  removed  to  be  interred  at  the 
ancient  seat  of  his  family.  MRS.  SMITH 
would  confer  a  further  obligation  if  she 
would  send  a  copy  of  any  inscription  refer- 
ring to  him.  W.  R.  B.  PRIDEAUX. 

GEORGE  STEINMAN  STEINMAN  (10th  S.  ii.  88, 
314).— Thanks  to  D.  K.  T.'s  kind  reply,  I  was 


ii.  OCT.  29. 190*.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


directed  to  the  Proceedings  of  the  Society  of 
Antiquaries,  and  there  found  that  Mr.  Stein- 
man  was  born  11  June.  1811,  and  died 
12  February,  1893  (Second  Series,  xvi. 45).  At 
the  time  of  his  death  he  was  the  "father 
of  that  learned  body,  having  been  elected  a 
Fellow  23  January,  1834.  ITA  TESTOR. 

POEM  BY  H.  F.  LYTE  (10th  S.  ii.  327).— It 
cannot  be  necessary  to  reprint  at  full  length 
such  a  well-known  piece  of  poetry  as  '  The 
Sailor's  Grave,'  which  is  to  be  found  in  the 
collected  edition  of  Lyte's  poems.  As  to  its 
having  been  set  to  music  by  Sir  Arthur 
Sulliran,  I  heard  it  sung  many  years  before 
Sullivan  could  possibly  have  published  any- 
thing—about 1849  or  1850.  Who  the  com- 
poser was  I  do  not  know ;  but  the  refrain  and 
finale  were  suggestions  of  '  Rule,  Britannia.' 
It  had  an  extremely  good  effect,  and  if 
Sullivan  did  anything  more  than  elaborate  it, 
he  might  have  employed  himself  to  better 
advantage.  J.  K.  LAUGHTON. 

PEETINAX  will  find  the  full  words  of  the 
poem  '  On  a  Naval  Officer  buried  in  the 
Atlantic '  in  "  Poems,  |  chiefly  Religious.  |  By 
the  |  Rev.  H.  F.  Lyte,  A.M.  |  London :  | 
James  Nisbet,  Berners  Street  ;  |  And  W. 
Marsh,  Oxford  Street.  |  MDCCCXXXIIL," 
pp.  24-5.  As  this  little  book  is  constantly 
to  be  met  with,  I  will  not  take  up  your  valu- 
able space  by  giving  the  seven  four-line  verses 
of  the  poem.  R.  A.  POTTS. 

[MR.  E.  H.  COLEMAN,  MR.  J.  GRIGOR,  A.  E.  H., 
MR.  J.  HEBB,  MR.  C.  S.  JERRAM,  and  MR.  STAPLE- 
TON  MARTIN  also  send  replies.  ] 

GERMAN  VOLKSLIED  (10th  S.  ii.  327).— The 
words  of  the    Volkslied  beginning    "Es   ist 
bestiramt  in  Gottes  Rath,"  <fec.,  are  by  Edouard 
von  Feuchtersleben.       R.  E.  FRANCILLON. 
[Reply  also  from  MR.  J.  B.  WAINEWRIGHT.] 

NORTHUMBERLAND  AND  DURHAM  FAMILY 
PEDIGREES  (10th  S.  ii.  268,  331).— The  *  Pedi- 
grees recorded  at  the  Visitations  of  the 
County  Palatine  of  Durham/  1575,  1615, 1666, 
were  printed  by  Mr.  Joseph  Foster  in  1887. 

W.  C.  B. 

Consult  the  'Index  to  the  Pedigrees  and 
Arms  contained  in  the  Heralds'  Visitations 
and  other  Genealogical  Manuscripts,'  by 
R.  Sims,  1849,  in  the  MS.  Dept.  of  the 
British  Museum,  s.v.  '  Durham  '  and  'North- 
umberland.' J.  HOLDEN  MACMlCH-AEL. 

.  "DAGO"  (10th  S.  ii.  247, 332). -MR.  BARCLAY- 
ALLARDICE  is  absolutely  misinformed  in  his 
definition  of  "dago"  as  "a  person  who 
cannot  speak  English  intelligibly."  The 
American  name  for  such  people  is  "green- 


horn," and  no  one  would  ever  think  of 
calling  a  "green "  Swede  or  Dutchman  a 
dago.  That  name  is  applied  only  to  Italians, 
Spaniards,  and  Portuguese.  The  word  "white 
man,"  as  opposed  to  "  dago,"  is  used  by  con- 
tractors, who  pay  a  higher  rate  to  the  "white 
men  "  (Americans,  Irish,  Scandinavians,  Ger- 
mans, &c.)  than  to  the  inferior  dago  labourers. 
On  the  contractors'  pay  roll  a  negro  would 
no  doubt  be  classified  as  a  "  white  man,"  but 
no  one  would  ever  think  of  referring  to  a 
negro  as  a  white  man. 

VIGGO  C.  EBERLIN. 
New  York. 

KING'S  'CLASSICAL  AND  FOREIGN  QUOTA- 
TIONS' (10th  S.  ii.  281).— As  to  "Vivit  post 
funera  virtus,"  see  under  '  Latin  Quotations,' 
ante,  p.  276.  H.  C. 

"HUMANUM    EST    ERRARE "    (10th    S.    1*.   389, 

512  ;  ii.  57,  293).— Thanks  to  PROF.  BENSLY'S 
interesting  communication,  this  phrase  has 
been  traced  back  to  1599;  but  it  is  clear 
from  the  form  of  the  passage  cited  from 
Jonson  that  it  was  then  already  well  known. 
Since  writing  my  second  note  I  have  referred 
(as  I  ought  to  have  done  before)  to  the 
translation  of  'Adv.  Coloten'  in  Stephanus's 
edition  of  Plutarch,  where  the  rendering  of 

the  passage  in   chap.  xxxi.   is   "  Decipi 

humanum  est";  and,  as  no  other  Latin 
translation  except  that  of  Xylander,  cited 
by  PROF.  BENSLY,  seems  to  have  appeared 
before  1599,  the  idea  that  the  phrase  is 
derived  from  a  Latin  version  of  Plutarch 
must  be  abandoned.  E.  W.  B. 

H  IN  COCKNEY,  USE  OR  OMISSION  (10th  S.  ii. 
307).— What  may  have  been  the  Worcester- 
shire pronunciation  in  Shakespeare's  time  I 
cannot  pretend  to  say.  I  lived  in  that  county 
from  1879  to  1902,  and  I  noticed  that  some  of 
the  words  are  sounded  in  a  way  similar  to 
that  called  cockney.  Thus  hail,  ;xmi,  rain, 
become  hie-il,  pie-in,  rie-in.  W.  C.  B. 

Perhaps  Shakspeare,  and  others  of  his 
time,  also  dropped  the  aspirate.  Prospero 
says  :— 

No,  not  so  much  perdition  as  an  hair. 
But  Shakspeare  has  also  a  before  h.     In  the 
Bible  an  seems  to  be  always  used  before  h  : 

there  were  sealed  an  hundred  and  forty 
and  four  thousand."  Dr.  Johnson  in  his 
grammar  has  said  :  "Grammarians  of  the 
ast  age  direct  that  an  should  be  used  before 
h;  whence  it  appears  that  the  English 
anciently  aspirated  less."  E.  YARDLEY. 

The  omission  of  the  initial  aspirate  among 
East-End  Londoners  is  said  to  be  a  result  of 


352 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io<»  s.  n.  OCT.  29, 


the  Huguenot  invasions.  Among  the  hospital- 
patient  class  such  words  as  ivery  and  ivinegar 
are  still  heard.  The  dialect  as  a  whole  is 
that  brought  thither  by  the  continual  influx 
of  East  Anglians.  MEDICULTJS. 

WHITSUNDAY  (10th  S.  ii.  121,  217,  297).— 
There  is  a  further  point  about  this  term 
which  is  far  too  important  to  be  missed.  I 
have  already  mentioned  that  Welsh  mlgwyn 
(white  sun),  as  a  name  for  Whitsuntide,' is 
obviously  translated  from  English  ;  and  I  am 
informed  that  sulgwyn  is  by  no  means  modern. 

But  my  further  point  is  this.  Vigfusson 
has  already  pointed  out  that  White  Sunday 
was  originally  Dominica  in  albis,  i  e.,  Low 
Sunday,  and  was  transferred  to  the  day  of 
Pentecost  later  on ;  which  is  in  itself  an  excel- 
lent reason  why  White  Sunday  was  not  de- 
rived from  Pentecost  either  in  its  Middle 
High  German  or  any  other  form.  I  adduce 
a  few  other  curious  facts  of  a  similar  kind. 

Hexham,  in  his  'Middle-Dutch  Diet.,'  ed. 
1658,  has  :  "  Witte  brodt,  white  bread ;  Witten 
Donderdagh,  Holy  Thursday ;  Witten  Sondagh, 
Palme  Sunday." 

Kalkar's  'Middle-Danish  Diet.3  has :  "ffvid, 
white;  Hvidesondag,  (1)  the  first  Sunday 
after  Easter;  (2)  the  first  Sunday  in  Lent." 
Larsen's  mod.  'Danish  Diet.'  has:  "livid, 
white ;  Hvide,  white  of  an  egg  ;  Hvidehavet, 
the  White  Sea  ;  Hvidesondag,  Low  Sunday ; 
Hvidetirsdag,  Shrove  Tuesday." 

It  would  be  interesting  to  learn  how  and 
why  all  these  days  were  named  from  a  German 
form  of  Pentecost,  which  means  "fiftieth." 
For  Low  Sunday  is  the  "eighth"  day,  and 
Holy  Thursday  is  the  "fortieth";  while 
Shrove  Tuesday  and  the  first  Sunday  in  Lent 
can  only  be  reckoned  from  Easter  by  help  of 
a  minus  quantity. 

It  is  truly  wonderful  to  be  told  that 
the  M.Du.  wiiten-donder-  in  what  looks  like 
"  white  Thunder-day,"  ivitten-son-  in  what 
looks  like  "White  Sunday,"  and  the  Dan. 
hvide-tirs-  in  what  looks  like  "  White  Tues- 
day," are,  after  all,  to  be  derived  from  the 
M.H.G.  form  of  Pentecost  ! 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

ENGLISH  GRAVES  IN  ITALY  (10th  S.  ii.  307). 
—I  should  imagine  that,  failing  a  kindly 
intervention  on  the  part  of  the  local  authori- 
ties, the  nearest  British  Consul  would  be  the 
right  person  to  approach  in  the  matter  of 
the  crumbling  tombstone  at  Macerate,  with 
its  relic,  so  precious  to  many.  No  doubt  in 
the  larger  cities  of  Italy  societies  exist  whose 
scope  would  embrace  such  considerate  service 
as  needed  in  the  present  instance,  but  I 
cannot  at  the  moment  call  any  such  to 


mind.     The  interment  of  an  English  subject 
abroad    after    the    manner     recorded    must 
surely  be  very  unusual.         CECIL  CLARKE. 
Junior  Athenaeum  Club. 

SCHOOL  COMPANY  (10th  S.  ii.  288).— D.  M. 
might  obtain  information  which  would  be 
useful  to  him  by  applying  to  the  Secretary 
of  the  Girls'  Public  Day  School  Company, 
The  High  School,  53,  Norland  Square.  Netting 
Hill,  London,  W.,  though  I  do  not  think  that 
the  establishments  of  this  company  number 
quite  so  many  as  sixty.  L.  L. 

MARTYRDOM  OF  ST.  THOMAS  :  ST.  THOMAS 
OF  HEREFORD  (10th  S.  i.  388,  450 ;  ii.  30,. 
195,  273).— The  statement  that  Thomas  de 
Cantelupe  was  "the  last  Englishman 
canonized,"  made  by  MR.  J.  H  OLDEN. 
MACMICHAEL,  contradicts  the  story  which 
one  used  to  hear  about  St.  Richard, 
whose  beautiful  shrine  attracts  so  much 
attention  in  the  cathedral  church  of 
Chichester.  As  the  latter  was  one  of  Wyke- 
ham's  "  sons,"  I  feel  bound,  as  a  loyal  Wyke- 
hamist, to  ask  why  he  is  to  be  ousted  from- 
the  distinction  which  he  used  to  enjoy. 

E.  S.  D'ODGSON. 

ALEXANDER  AND  K.  EDGAR  (10th  S.  ii.  248).. 
— Raikes  Edgar  was  of  Downing  Coll.,  Cam., 
B.A.  1827 ;  Robert  Edgar  was  of  Trin.  Coll., 
Oxon.,  1819.  The  former  was  curate  of 
Broxtel,  and  the  latter  curate  of  Nacton. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

ITALIAN  INITIAL  H  (10th  S.  ii.  107).— To- 
write  b,  ai,  a,  anno,  is  not  a  peculiarity  of 
Petrocchi's  publishers.  In  Vanzon's  well- 
known  '  Grammatica  Ragionata,'  published 
at  Leghorn  in  1834,  it  is  said,  p.  18,  IT  xvii. : 

"  La  H—  da  noi  s'  usa  solamente  1°  Nelle  quattro 
qui  appresso  voci  ho,  hai,  ha,  hanno  onde  non  con- 
fonderle  con  o  cong.,  ai  artic.  comp.,  a  prep.,  anno' 
nome  ;  eppure  in  quelle  yoci  avean  gia  taluni  comin- 
oiato  a  sopprimerla,  sostituendovi  un  accento  posto 
sopra  la  susseguente  vocale,  scrivendo  d,  ai,  a, 
anno  ;  ma  tale  innovazione  pochi  seguaci  trovo." 

In  Caleffi's  grammar,  published  at  Florence 
in  1863,  it  is  said,  p.  14  :— 

'*  Serve  pure  1'  H  a  togliere  alcuni  equivoci  come 
si  puo  veaere  nelle  quattro  voci  seguenti  ho,  hai,. 
ha,  hanno.  In  questo  caso  pert)  non  manifesta 
alcun  suono  distinto  ;  tan  to  e  vero  che  molti,  invece 
delP  H,sogliono  in  quest!  casi  adoperare  1'  accento." 

As  for  Petrocchi,  it  is  he  who  is  respon- 
sible, and  not  his  publishers,  for  the  o,  ai,  a,, 
anno,  to  be  found  in  his  works,  for  in  his 
'Dictionary,'  vol.  i.  p.  1122,  he  says,  under 
the  letter  H  :— 

"  Molti  la  conservano  come  puro  segno  orto- 

grafico  nelle  quattro  voci  del  verbo  avere dove 

altri,  e  specialmente  nel  Veneto  e  nell'  Italia  meri-' 


io-  s.  ii.  OCT.  29, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


353- 


dionale  mettono  con  pin  ragione  1'  accento,  come 
facciamo  anche  noi." 

In  spite  of  Petrocchi,  I  thoroughly  agree 
with  Q.  V.  in  preferring  the  ho,  hai,  <fec.,  and 
I  feel  as  he  does  about  tun  and  tat  in  German. 
I  earnestly  hope  that  purely  phonetic  spell- 
ing may  never  be  adopted  in  England,  as  it. 
has  been  in  Italy,  for  it  must  be  accompanied 
by  indifference  to  etymology  and  derivations. 
That  this  has  happened  in  Italy  may  be  in- 
ferred, I  think,  from  the  fact  that  this  same 
Petrocchi's  excellent  dictionary  gives  no  deri- 
vations. Such  a  thing  would  not  be  found 
in  an  English  dictionary  of  corresponding 
importance.  M.  HAULTMONT. 

JOWETT  AND   WHEWELL   (10th  •  S.   i.   386;  ii. 

275).— An  old  Oxford  don  tells  me  that  the 
Balliol  dons  were  supposed  to  appear,  one  after 
the  other,  on  the  dais,  each  reciting  an  epi- 
gram. Jowett's  was : — 

My  name  is  Jowett. 

I  am  the  Master  of  this  College  ; 

Whate'er  is  known,  I  know  it ; 

Whate'er  I  know  not  is  not  knowledge. 

Then  a  young  man  named  Forbes,  a  Scotch- 
man, comes  next : — 

My  name  is  Forbes. 
The  Muter  me  absorbs, 
Me  and  many  other  mes, 
In  his  great  Thucydides  ; 

the  point  being  that  Jowett  made  Forbes, 
like  other  young  men,  do  his  work  for  him. 

There  is  another,  not  connected  with 
Balliol  :- 

I  am  the  Dean,  and  this  is  Mrs.  Liddell, 
She  plays  the  first,  and  I  the  second  fiddle  ; 
She  is  the  Broad,  I  am  the  High  ; 
We  are  the  University. 

J.  T.  F. 
Winterton,  Doncaster. 

I  find  what  was  probably  the  original  form 
of  the  Jowett  epigram  in  one  of  my  note- 
books : — 

I  stand  first :  I  am  Professor  J-w-tt — 
Whatever  is  to  be  known,  I  know  it : 
I  am  the  Master  of  this  College, 
And  what  I  don't  know  isn't  knowledge. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

There  seem  to  be  several  variants  of  the 
lines  on  Dr.  Jowett.  What  I  heard  at  college 
was  : — 

My  name  it  is  Benjamin  Jowett, 

1  'in  Master  of  Balliol  College  ; 

Whatever  is  knowledge  I  know  it, 

And  what  I  don't  know  isn't  knowledge. 

A.  B. 

BALES  (10th  S.  ii.  228).— There  were  two 
brothers  named  Eeles  (not  Bales)  at  the  battle 
of  Waterloo.  Both  of  them  were  captains  in 


the  3rd  Battalion  of  the  95th  Rifles.  Charles 
was  killed  in  the  fight ;  William  lived  to  be 
colonel  of  the  1st  Battalion  of  the  Rifle 
Brigade,  and  died  in  1837.  See  Dal  ton's  'Roll 
Call '  and  Siborne's  *  Waterloo  Letters,'  p.  303. 

B. 

Possibly  some  members  of  the  Bales  family 
of  the  present  day  could  give  G.  F.  R.  B.  the- 
necessary  information.  There  are  several 
clergymen  and  medical  men  bearing  this 
uncommon  name,  and  we  have  in  Bradford 
a  Mr.  William  Bales  in  practice  as  a  dental 
surgeon. 

The  Rev.  William  Thomas  Huxham  Bales,, 
of  Trin.  Coll.  Cam.,  B.A.,  was  curate  of 
Wolborough  in  1835,  and  subsequently  for 
many  years  vicar  of  Yealrapton. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

FIRST-FLOOR  REFECTORIES  (10th  S.  ii.  167, 
237).— The  refectory  at  lona  Cathedral  is 
built  on  the  first  or  upper  floor,  but  seems  to 
occupy  the  position  of  a  previous  refectory, 
which  formerly  stood  on  the  site.  The  first 
refectory,  however,  appears  to  have  been  on 
the  ground  floor,  and  at  a  later  period  it  has 
been  raised  to  the  upper  floor.  See  Mac- 
Gibbon  and  Ross,  *  The  Ecclesiastical  Archi- 
tecture of  Scotland,'  vol.  iii.  p.  73. 

T.  F.  D. 

ACQUA  TOFANA  (10th  S.  ii.  269).-Garelli 
(physician  to  Charles  VI.  of  Austria)  informed- 
Hoffman  in  a  letter  that  this  poison,  other- 
wise Acquetta  di  Napoli,  with  all  the  physical 
characters  of  water,  was  Aqua  cymbalaria? 
in  which  arsenic  had  been  dissolved.  Four 
to  six  drops  were  fatal  ('Med.  Ration.  Syst./ 
i.  198,  and  Mag.  fiir  die  gcrich.  Arnzeikund, 
ii.  473).  Pius  III.  and  Clement  XIV.  ar& 
said  to  have  died  from  this  poison.  Sir 
Robert  Christison,  in  his  work  on  *  Poisons/ 
gives  further  historical  information. 

MEDICULUS. 

In  'Poison  Romance  and  Poison  Mysteries/ 
1902  (p.  65),  by  C.  J.  S.  Thompson,  is  an 
account  given  of  acqua  Tofana,  a  poison 
named  after  the  most  notorious  of  Italian 
poisoners— Toffana.  She  compounded  more 
than 'one  preparation,  all  of  which  were 
proved  to  be  simply  solutions  of  arsenious 
acid.  A.  KATE  RANCE. 

[Dn.  FORSHAW  refers  to  chap.  xxx.  of  Major 
Griffiths's  "Mysteries  of  Police  and  Crime,'  and 
MR.  HOLDKN  MAC.MK  MAEL  to  Timbs's  'Popular 
Errors,'  18*;,  pp.  l>7tt-8.] 

MANOR  COURT  OF  EDWINSTOWE,  NOTTS  (1011* 
S.  ii.  226).— No  doubt  Mr.  R.  W.  Wordsworth, 
Whitemoor,  Perlethorpe,  Notts,  agent  to- 


354 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  OCT.  29,  MM. 


Earl  Manvers,  Lord  of  this  Manor,  would,  on 
reasons  being  given  for  the  inquiry,  supply 
the  name  and  address  of  the  solicitor  who  is 
steward  of  the  manor  and  holds  the  Court 
Kolls.  Stewards  of  manors  are  probably 
alone  able  to  say  what  is  the  procedure  as  to 
registration  of  wills  on  the  rolls. 

MISTLETOE. 

[DR.  FORSHAW  refers  to  the  account  of  Edwin- 
efcowe  in  the '  Beauties  of  England  and  Wales,'  1813.] 

PAWNSHOP  (10^  S.  ii.  267)  —  This  word 
occurs  five  times  in  the  celebrated  Tyneside 
song  'The  Pawnshop  BleezinV  written  by 
Jos.  Philip  Robson  in  1849,  in  *  Bards  of  the 
Tyne.'  The  following  are  quotations  from 
the  song  : — 

For  Pawnshop  law  hes  ne  relief. — V.  5,  1.  8. 
The  world  was  better  far,  aw'm  sure, 
When  Pawnshops  had  ne  nyem,  man. 

V.  6,  11.  1  and  2. 
THOS.  F.  MANSON. 

A  slightly  earlier  reference  may  be  seen 
an  the  following  work :  Thieme,  '  Critical 
Dictionary  of  the  English  and  German 
Languages/  Leipzig,  1853,  royal  8vo. 

WM.  JAGGARD. 
139,  Canning  Street,  Liverpool. 

HELL,  HEAVEN,  AND  PARADISE  AS  PLACE- 
NAMES  (10th  S.  i.  245,  332).  -There  is  a  charm- 
ing spot  called  Paradise  in  Cameron  parish, 
Fifeshire,  about  four  miles  south-west  from 
St.  Andrews.  Near  by  is  Drumcarro  Crag, 
which  St.  Andrews  people  sometimes  find  a 
convenient  goal  for  a  Sabbath  day's  journey 
(see  Mrs.  Oliphant's  'Memoir  of  Principal 
Tulloch,'  p.  361).  This  particular  place-name 
is  of  great  antiquity,  and  the  march  of  time 
has  graced  it  with  various  associations.  Two 
legends  of  the  nineteenth  century  seem 
worthy  of  mention.  The  first  is  of  an  un- 
known settler  who  made  broom-switches  from 
material  ready  to  his  hand  in  the  district, 
and  carried  them  far  and  wide  as  articles  of 
merchandise.  His  mode  of  intimating  his 
business  to  likely  customers  is  diversely 
reported,  but  it  took  metrical  shape  some- 
what in  these  terms:— 

Here  comes  John  Brown  with  broomsticks  nice, 

1  rom  within  the  gates  of  Paradise. 
The  implication,  no  doubt,  was  that  at  last 
a  truly  efficient  new  broom  had  come  to  earth. 
Probably  it  will  be  no  surprise  to  hear  that 
this  merchant  outgrew  the  traffic  in  brooms, 
and  found  Paradise  too  narrow  for  the  full 
exercise  of  his  genius.  From  being  a  pseu- 
donymous incomer  he  developed  into  a  strong 
parish  character,  a  local  poet,  and  the  owner 
of  a  notable  stud  of  asses. 


The  other  story  is  of  a  somewhat  later 
date,  and  concerns  a  runaway  calf  and  its 
worthy  owner.  The  calf  on  being  put  to 
rgrass  for  the  first  time  snapped  its  cord,  and 
for  several  miles  pursued  a  headlong  career 
over  hedges  and  ditches  before  it  was  cap- 
tured and  brought  home  by  the  maiden  lady 
to  whom  it  belonged.  Telling  afterwards 
how  both  the  animal  and  herself  had  out- 
stripped all  other  competitors  in  the  race, 
this  charming  humanist  said  that  the  fugitive 
never  once  stopped  till  it  reached  Paradise, 
and  there,  like  herself,  it  was  fain  to  rest. 

It    may   not  be  inapposite    to  add    that 
St.  Andrews  golfers  of  many  generations  have 
known  the  Hell  bunker  on  the  old  course. 
THOMAS  BAYNE. 

In  the  western  suburbs  of  Newcastle-upon- 
Tyne  is  a  village  or  hamlet  named  Paradise. 
To  that  village  is  attached  a  local  story,  which 
may  not  be  out  of  place  even  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  In 
the  month  of  November,  1771,  when  a  disas- 
trous flood  swept  down  every  bridge  upon  the 
Ty  ne  except  that  of  Corbridge,  there  was  living 
at  Paradise  a  keelman  named  Adam  Robson. 
In  his  old  age  he  was  called  as  a  witness  at 
the  assizes,  when  the  following  colloquy  oc- 
curred : — 

Counsel :  "  What  is  your  name  ?  " 

Witness  :  "  Adam  Robson,  sor,  but  they 
ginerally  caals  us  Adam,  for  short,  ye  knaa." 

'*  You  've  known  the  river  Tyne  for  a  long 
time,  I  believe  1 " 

"  Yis,  sor,  sartainly." 

"  How  far  back  can  you  remember  1 " 

"  Hoo  far  back  can  aa  remimbor?  Wey, 
aa  can  remimbor  things  as  happened  afore 
the  flood,  fine." 

"Oh,  indeed  !  You  can  remember  things 
that  happened  before  the  flood,  can  you  ? " 

"  Yis,  sor,  parfickly." 

"Really  !  Pray  tell  my  lord  and  the  jury 
where  you  were  living  at  that  very  early 
date,  Adam." 

"  Where  was  aa  leevin'  afore  the  flood  1 
Wey,  in  Paradise,  to  be  sure." 

RICHARD  WELFORD. 

My  little  native  town  (Zerbst,  in  Anhalt) 
has  also  a  street  called  Paradies. 

G.  KRUEGER. 
Berlin. 

Jeremiah  Pemberton,  Chief  Justice  of  Nova 
Scotia,  built  about  1788  a  large  villa  near 
Halifax,  which  he  called  Paradise.  It  was 
afterwards  owned  by  Sir  Alexander  Croke, 
who  changed  the  name  to  Studley. 

Near  Newport,  Rhode  Island,  is  a  small 
cave  called  Paradise.  Tradition  says  it  was 
used  as  a  study  on  warm  summer  days  by 


ii.  OCT.  29,  low.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


355 


Bishop  Berkeley  when  living  at  Newpor 
about  1730.  Not  far  off  is  Purgatory,  a  dee_ 
and  unpleasant-looking  pit  in  the  cliff,  into 
which  the  sea  enters. 

I  have  seen  in  Germany  a  country  inn 
•called  Heaven.  M.  N.  G. 

A  street  in  Whitchurch,  Salop,  was,  unti 
some  twenty  years  ago,  known  as  Paradis< 
Street  to  the  Pqst  Office  and  the  elect,  th 
hoi  polloi  preferring  to  style  it  the  u  tin-hoi 
road."  Both  parties  have  now  compromiser 
on  Talbot  Street.  HELGA. 

Dundee  has  a  Paradise  Road,  where  fo 
many  years  lived  the  Rev.  George  Gilfillan 
"  critic,  poet,  and  divine."  THOMAS  KYD. 

Aberdeen. 

I  was  born  in  Paradise  Row,  overlooking 
the  racecourse  in  the  city  of  Chester.  In  the 
same  city,  in  Handbridge,  a  suburb  across 
the  Dee,  is  a  row  of  cottage  houses  known  as 
Paradise. 

T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 

Lancaster. 

There  is  a  Paradise  Row  in  Birmingham 
running  from  the  front  of  the  Town  Hal] 
towards  Edgbaston. 

EDWARD  P.  WOLFERSTAN. 

In  this  town  we  have  Paradise  and  Paradise 
Vale  as  names  of  houses  ;  and  in  the  neigh- 
bouring town  of  Kelso,  Paradise  is  also  used 
to  designate  a  house. 

J.  LINDSAY  HILSON. 

Public  Library,  Jedburgh. 
[No  further  replies  on  this  subject  can  be  inserted.] 

HUMOROUS  STORIES  (10th  S.  ii.  188,  231).— 
'Hicks's  Great  Jury  Story'  is  contained  in 
'  Tales  and  Sayings  of  William  Robert  Hicks 
of  Bodmin,'  by  W.  F.  Collier,  published  about 
1892  by  Messrs.  Brendon  &  Son,  Plymouth. 
The  occasion  was  the  trial  of  a  Cornish 
doctor  for  poisoning  his  mother-in-law,  and 
the  story  purports  to  be  related  to  Mr.  Hicks 
by  one  of  the  jurymen  who  arrived  at  a 
verdict  of  acquittal.  VV.  B.  H. 

JOANNES  v.  JOHANNES  (10th  S.  ii.  189,  274).— 
At  any  rate,  on  my  matriculation  paper, 
dated  at  Oxford,  10  February,  1848,  and  on 
four  other  documents,  signed  by  some  of  the 
leading  scholars  in  the  university,  my  spon- 
sorial  appellation,  as  Dr.  Pangloss  calls  it, 
is  legibly  written  Joannes. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourue  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

PRESCRIPTIONS  (10th  S.  i.  409,  453;  ii.  56, 
291). — To  the  questions  regarding  the  origin 
of  the  abbreviations  used  in  medical  pre- 


scriptions the  replies  have  not  been  very 
satisfactory.  One  of  them,  indeed,  assumes 
that  a  scrupulum  being  half  an  obolus,  its 
sign  was  a  half  of  the  O  which  was  the 
sign  of  the  latter.  From  Roman  times 
onward  the  obolus  has  always  had  the  sense 
of  a  half,  as  a  halfpenny,  <fec. ;  the  medical 
obolus  was  half  a  scruple,  the  latter  term 
having  the  sense  of  one-twenty-fourth ;  the 
scruple  was  the  twenty-fourth  of  an  ounce, 
as  the  carat  was  the  twenty-fourth  of  the 
solidus,  the  assay-unit,  and  the  grain  a  twenty- 
fourth  of  a  pennyweight.  I  venture  to  give 
an  explanation  which  will,  I  think,  be  found 
to  be  not  far  from  correct,  if  it  does  not  go 
quite  to  the  root  of  the  subject. 

For  the  mystic  R  at  the  head  of  a  prescrip- 
tion I  accept  Charles  Reade's  explanation 
(in  *  Hard  Cash,'  if  I  mistake  not)  :  "  O 
Jupiter,  be  favourable  unto  us  !" 

The  sign  for  the  denarius  mentioned  in  one 
of  the  replies  was  not  that  of  the  zodiacal 
Pisces,  but  simply  an  X  (denoting  the  ten 
units  of  the  coin-weight)  with  a  line  across  it. 
I  need  hardly  say  that  the  medical  weights 
and  measures  of  the  Roman  system,  largely 
derived  from  the  Greek,  were  generally  used 
by  Greek  physicians.  With  these,  the  sign 
For  the  Roman  scrupulum  or  gramma  was  tne 
first  two  letters  of  the  latter  word,  that  is, 
a  capital  gamma  with  a  well-curved  ro,  the 
atter  crossed  horizontally,  as  is  usual  in 
abbreviations.  Now  reverse  this  symbol, 
and  the  evolution  of  the  scruple  sign,  a  very 
curved  E  reversed,  becomes  evident. 

The  Roman  ounce  (437  grains)  was  at  first 
divided  into  seven  denarii,  or  pennyweights, 
and  these  were  the  usual  units  of  prescrip- 
;ions  in  the  time  of  Celsus ;   p.  Xx   meant 
wndere  denarii  decem.  ten   pennyweights  (of 
course    the    capital    X    should    be  crossed), 
liater  on,  it  was  divided  into  eight  drachma3, 
each  of  three  scrupula  or  grammata.     The 
ign  for  the  drachma  was  at  first  the  Greek 
efcter  z  (£),  which,  denoting  six,  signified  that 
he  drachm  was  equal  to  six  oboli,  or  half- 
cruples.    The  Greek  letter  became  replaced 
>y  a  Roman  Z;  this  acquired  at  its  lower 
xtremity  a  downward  curl,  which  grew  until 
he  sign  became  that  which  we  now  use. 

The  sign  for  the  ounce  was  the  Greek  letter 

(£)  reversed.  This  letter,  originally  the 
ign  of  the  (tsylmphon  (the  Roman  acetabulum) 
:  with  a  little  o,  of  the  xestes  or  pint  if  with 

little  e,  became  when  reversed  the  sign  of 
le  Roman  ounce  as  adopted  by  the  Greeks, 
n  the  '  Table  of  the  usual  Characters  of  the 
Veights  and  Measures  used  by  the  Greek 
nd  Roman  Authors  '  appended  to  the  Sy den- 
am  Society's  English  edition  of  the  works 


356 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


.  n.  OCT.  29,  190*. 


of  Paulus  yEginete,  the  very  signs  now  used 
in  prescriptions  will  be  seen,  amongst  others, 
against  Scripulum,  Drackme,  and  Ouggia. 

I  may  mention  that  our  ounce  is  the  same, 
to  half  a  grain  near,  as  the  Koman  ounce. 
The  only  ounce  recognized  by  the  Medical 
Council's  *  British  Pharmacopoeia '  is  the  im- 
perial ounce  of  437^  grains,  one-sixteenth  of 
the  pound,  of  7,000  grains.  The  drachm  and 
scruple  are  not  divisions  of  the  ounce  ;  they 
are  merely  convenient  units  of  60  and  of 
20  grains.  The  fluid  ounce  is  a  measure  of 
an  imperial  ounce  of  water  ;  it  is  divided  for 
convenience  into  eight  fluid  drachms,  each  of 
sixty  minims. 

A  curious  muddle  occurred  in  the  schedule 
of  our  statute  weights  and  measures,  by 
which  the  Troy  ounce  (instead  of  being  con- 
fined to  bullion  transactions,  previous  to  dis- 
appearing, as  the  Troy  pound  disappeared 
many  years  ago)  survives  in  a  fossil  series 
of  apothecaries'  weight,  which  is  wanted  by 
neither  doctors  nor  druggists,  and  which  is 
not  recognized  by  the '  British  Pharmacopoeia.' 
Thus  the  chemist  and  druggist  buys  his  senna 
and  his  salts  by  the  usual  imperial  weight, 
and  he  sells  them  by  the  same ;  but  should 
an  ounce  weight  of  any  drug  be  ordered  in  a 
prescription,  the  'Pharmacopoeia'  tells  him 
rightly  to  take  an  imperial  ounce  of  437^ 
grains,  while  the  Board  of  Trade  require  him 
to  use  an  old  Troy  ounce  of  480  grains. 
There  is  practically  not  much  inconvenience, 
for  solid  medicines  are  rarely  prescribed  in 
such  a  large  quantity,  but  it  is  annoying  to 
find  a  foolish .  relic  of  a  mischievous  system 
surviving  in  our  weights  and  measures. 

EDWARD  NICHOLSON. 

Liverpool. 

As  DR.  FOESHAW  proposes  to  have  this 
subject  further  discussed,  I  am  emboldened 
to  make  a  few  further  remarks  thereon. 

The  resemblance  of  the  thirty-first  letter 
of  the  Russian  (or  thirty-fifth  of  the  Servian) 
alphabet  to  the  scruple  sign  may  seem  for- 
tuitous, but  I  do  not  think  this  to  be  the  case. 
It  is  known  that  the  alphabet  in  question  is 
based  chiefly  on  what  is  commonly  termed  the 
Cyrillic,  and  this,  in  turn,  is  derived  from 
cursive  Greek.  Now  I  can  think  of  no  more 
likely  source  of  the  apothecaries'  hiero- 
glyphics than  Greek  medical  MSS.  of  the 
Middle  Ages.  In  a  collection  of  alphabets 
I  have  at  hand — Ballhorn's  (Leipzig,  1853) — 
I  note  several  coincidences.  The  Russians 
have  two  es,  the  sixth  letter  being  clearly 
Cyrillic  and  Greek  epsilon  ;  but  the  thirty- 
first  is  a  glagolitic  importation.  In  the  glago- 
litic alphabet  this  is  the  sixth  letter  (est\  an 
e,  with  the  numerical  value  of  6,  and  obviously 


Greek  epsilon  inverted.     Hence  both  e'» 
in  Russian  are  ultimately  the  same  letter. 

To  turn  now  to  the  ninth  Cyrillic  (Wal- 
achian  or  Servian),  or  the  eighth  Russian, 
ietter,  this  semla,  or  soft  z,  resembles  closely 
the  drachm  sign.  It  is  the  Greek  zeta,  which 
[ante,  p.  291)  is  said  to  represent  the  drachm 
because  that  weight  was  divided  into  six 
obols.  The  obol  has  dropped  out  of  our 
apothecaries'  weights,  bufc  the  scruple,  equal- 
ling two  obols,  remains.  Can  we  infer,  there- 
fore, that  the  est  sign  has  been  transferred 
from  the  lost  obol  to  the  scruple  ? 

The  symbol  for  the  ounce  is  also  recog- 
nizable in  the  forty-fifth  Cyrillic  and  thirty- 
eighth  Wallachian  as  a  reversed  and  some- 
what modified  Greek  £  (xi).  The  glagolitic 
m  (numerical  value  60)  was  represented  both 
by  a  letter  nearly  the  Greek  M  and  by  a  sign 
like  four  drops  hanging  on  a  T-shaped  figure. 

There  are  also  some  other  similarly  inter- 
esting features  in  the  glagolitic — I  apologize 
for  the  frequent  repetition  of  this  terrible 
word — alphabet,  one  of  them  being  the  re- 
semblance of  the  fourth  letter,  glagoV,  g,  to- 
the  percentage  symbol.  Hence  I  think 
that  if  some  palaeographer  or  metrologist 
would  examine  these  ancient  Slavonic  alpha- 
bets in  connexion  with  the  cursive  Greek  of 
old  medical  MSS.  the  origin  of  the  mysterious 
apothecaries'  signs  would  be  revealed. 

J.  DORMER. 

Surely  the  word  drachm,  drachma,  is  de- 
rived from  Spao-a-opai,  I  grasp,  and  signified 
as  much  as  could  be  grasped.  Several  words 
of  measure  seem  to  be  formed  from  the 
same  idea  ;  cf.  thrave,  twenty-four  sheaves, 
properly  an  armful ;  cf.  Icelandic  thrifa. 
See  Skeat,  s.v.  Other  instances  of  words- 
signifying  definite  measures  formed  from 
indefinite  indications  are  cubit,  scruple,  and 
the  German  schock,  used  to  indicate  the 
number  sixty.  H.  A.  STRONG. 

TICKLING  TROUT  (9th  S.  xii.  505  ;  10th  S.  L 
154,  274,  375,  473  ;  ii.  277).— I  find  from  M. 
Rolland's  '  Faune  Populaire  de  la  France/ 
vol.  iii.  p.  131,  that  there  is  a  proverb  : — 

'"On  chatouille  la  truite  pour  la  mieux  prendre..' 
Cette  locution  vierit  de  ce  que  le  plongeur,  ayanb 
decouvert  des  truites.  leur  passe  la  main  sous  le 
ventre  afin  qu'elles  ne  s'effarouchent  pas  et  se 
laissent  prendre  plus  facilement." 
In  this  country  groping  and  grappling  for 
trout  are  connected  with  the  same  mode  of 
capture.  ST.  SWITHIN. 

I  MAJUSCULE  (10th  S.  ii.  288). -The  'N.E.D.' 
says,  on  its  first  page,  that  the  phrase 
"A-per-se  [means]  the  letter  A  when  standing  by 
itself,  especially  when  making  a  word.    The  word 


ii.  OCT.  29, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


357 


•a  was  formerly  spelt  'a-per-se,  a,'  that  is  'a  by 
itself  makes  the  word  a ' ;  whence  also  the  letter 
itself  was  sometimes  called  A-per-»e-A.  So  also 
I-per-xe,  0-per-ae,  ik-per-ee." 

The  only  letters  that  can  thus  stand  alone 
are  A,  /,  and  0 ;  and  it  was  not  unusual  in 
MSS.  to  write  these  letters  as  capitals  when 
so  standing.  /  and  0  are  usually  so  written 
still ;  but  A  is  of  so  very  common  occurrence 
that  it  is  more  convenient  to  write  a.  This 
seems  to  be  the  whole  account  of  the  matter. 
It  once  fell  to  my  lot  to  edit  l  The  Romance 
of  Partenay'  for  the  Early  English  Text 
Society;  and  the  capital  A's  of  the  MS. 
proved  to  be  troublesome  from  their  fre- 
quency. On  p.  3  occur  such  words  as 
*'Agayne,"  "And,"  "Apart,"  "Almightye," 
"Af  ter,"  all  in  the  middle  of  a  line.  On  p.  9 
occur  such  lines  as  these : — 

FOr  tho  ther  was  A  Erie  in  the  forest, 
Which  of  children  had  A  huge  noutnbre  gret. 
At  peiters  [Poitiers]  made  A  roial  gret  feste. 
WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

Though  unable  to  say  why  the  personal  pro- 
noun I  is  written  with  a  capital,  I  may  point 
out  a  volume  in  which  both  capital  and  lower- 
case are  used.  That  volume  is  the  first  col- 
lected edition  of  Akenside's  poems  : — 

The  Poems  of  Mark  Akenside,  M.D.  London, 
Printed  by  W.  Bowyer  and  J.  Nichols.  And 
Sold  by  J.  Dodsley  in  Pall  Mall.  MUCCLXXII.  4to. 
xii-380  pp. 

In  this  fine  book,  whenever  the  pronoun  I 
and  the  interjection  O  occur  at  the  begin- 
ning of  a  line  or  a  sentence,  they  appear  in 
capitals  ;  in  any  other  position  they  are 
printed  in  lower-case.  Thus  in  Book  I.  p.  16, 
we  have 

O !  attend 

Whoe'er  thou  art,  whom  these  delights  can  touch, 
Whose  candid  bosom  the  refining  love 
Of  nature  warms,  o  !  listen  to  my  song  ; 
And  i  will  guide  thee  to  her  favourite  walks. 

Book  I.  ends  on  p.  34  with  an  invocation  to 
the  genius  of  ancient  Greece  as  follows  :— 
Far  above  the  flight 
Of  fancy's  plume  aspiring,  i  unlock 
The  springs  of  ancient  wisdom  ;  while  i  join 
Thy  name,  thrice  honour'd !    with  the    immortal 

praise 

Of  nature,  while  to  my  compatriot  youth 
i  point  the  high  example  of  thy  sons. 
And  tune  to  Attic  themes  the  British  lyre. 

KICHD.  WELFORD. 
Newcastle-upon-Tyue. 

PUBLISHERS'  CATALOGUES  (10th  S.  ii.  50, 118). 
— The  following  extract  from  the  sale  cata- 
logue (20  October)  of  Messrs.  Hodgson  &  Co., 
of  Chancery  Lane,  is  interesting  in  con 
nexion  with  early  catalogues  of  publications 
•affixed  at  the  end  of  a  book  :— - 


"370  [Defoe  (D.).]  The  Life  and  Strange  Sur- 
prising Adventures  of  Robinson  Crusoe  of  York, 

Mariner written  by  Himself,  with  map  (no  title 

or  frontispiece),  London,  printed  for  W .  Taylor, 
1719— The  Farther  Adventures  of  Robinson  Crusoe, 
first  edition,  1719— Serious  Reflections  during  the 
Life  of  Robinson  Crusoe,  first  edition,  17'20,  together 
3  vols.  calf  gilt,  each  volume  containing  the  cata- 
logues of  Taylor's  publications  at  end  (sold  not 
subject  to  return)." 

RONALD  DIXON. 

CHIRK  CASTLE  GATES  (10th  S.  ii.  269).— 
These  gates  were  the  work  of  a  common 
blacksmith,  whose  name  is  not  apparently 
known.  They  seem  to  have  been  removed 
from  their  original  to  their  present  situation. 
In  Lewis's  'Topographical  Dictionary  of 
Wales  '  (1840)  we  are  told  that 
"  a  new  road,  leading  to  Chirk  Castle,  in  a  winding 
direction  through  it,  so  as  to  embrace  a  view  of 
much  interesting  scenery  in  the  valley  of  the 
Ceiriog,  and  avoid  a  steep  hill,  has  been  formed  of 
late,  in  lieu  of  that  which  formerly  led  from  the 
village.  Near  New  Hall,  which  is  described  as  an 
old  seat  of  the  Myddeltons,  rebuilt  many  years  ago 
as  a  farmhouse,  and  surrounded  by  a  moat,  at  the 
entrance  into  the  park  from  Llangollen  and  Wrex- 
ham,  stands  a  pair  of  iron  gates  of  the  richest  and 
most  delicate  and  exquisite  workmanship— designed 
and  executed  by  a  common  blacksmith— which 
anciently  stood  immediately  in  front  of  the  castle." 
J.  HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

After   Work.     By  E.   Marston,  F.R.G.S.    (Heine- 

mann.) 
THE  words  of  old  Adam  in  'As  You  Like  It,' 

At  seventeen  years  many  their  fortunes  seek  ; 

But  at  fourscore  it  is  too  late  a  week, 
serve  as  motto  to  Mr.  Marston's  volume  of  remi- 
niscences. At  that  ripe  age  there  is,  happily,  in 
this  instance,  no  question  of  seeking  fortune,  but 
only  of  extracting  what  enjoyment  and  advantage 
can  be  reaped,  during  a  period  of  well-earned 
leisure,  from  the  experiences  of  a  long  and  arduous 
life.  In  his  public  and  private  career  Mr.  Marston, 
of  the  great  publishing  house  of  Sampson  Low, 
Marston  &  Co.,  has  made  many  friendships  and 
intimacies,  private  and  professional.  Memories  of 
these  supply  materials  which,  had  not  the  title 
been  appropriated  by  Landor,  might  have  been 
called  *  Last  Fruit  off  an  Old  Tree.'  While  engaged 
for  sixty-five  years  (fifty-eight  of  which  have  been 
spent  in  London)  in  the  business  of  publishing  and 
bookselling.  Mr.  Marston  has  found  time  to  become 
a  successful  as  well  as  a  fairly  voluminous  author, 
and  among  the  pleasantest  contents  of  his  latest 
volume  are  the  utterances  or  revelations  it  contains 
concerning  the  delightful  works  he  has  written. 
The  greater  portion  of  his  volume  is  occupied  with 
souvenirs  and  correspondence  of  many  men  of  busi- 
ness and  letters  with  whom  he  has  been  thrown 
into  close  association,  and  the  work  may,  to  some 
extent,  be  regarded  as  a  history  of  the  firm  of 
which  he  is  a  distinguished  member.  With  his 


358 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  OCT.  29, 


entry  into  the  house  of  Sampson  Low,  about  1846, 
the  recollections  open.    In  the  library  and  reading- 
room  of  Low,  in  Lamb's  Conduit  Street,  we  come 
upon  traces  of  many  distinguished  men  of  what 
now  begins  to  look  like  a  remote  generation,  Mac- 
aulay,  Samuel  Warren,  G.  P.  R.  James,  as  well  as  legal 
luminaries— the  Bethells,  Pollocks,  and  Thesigers. 
Ten  years  later  Mr.  Marston  became  a  partner,  and 
his  personal  reminiscences  begin  with  Sir  Edward 
Bulwer  Lytton,  the  first  Lord  Lytton,  for  whom 
the  house  undertook  to  publish  'A  Strange  Story.' 
It  is  curious  and  interesting  to  find  on  the  agree- 
ment for  the  publication  of  this  four  signatures : 
those   of   Edward    George  Earle  Lytton   Bulwer 
Lytton,  Sampson   Low,   Son  &  Marston,   Charles 
Dickens,  and  W.  H.  Wills,  the  last  at  one  time 
well  known  in  connexion  with   the  Daily  News, 
Household   Words,  and  AH  the  Year  Hound.    To 
this  period  belongs  the  publication  by  the  firm  of 
'Moredun:  a  Tale  of  Twelve  Hundred  and  Ten,' 
the  authorship  of  which  was  ascribed  to  Sir  Walter 
Scott.     Literary  celebrities  and  publishers  divide 
the  attention  of  the  reader,  the  portraits  of  the 
Sampson    Lows,    pere    et   fits,    Fletcher    Harper, 
Joseph   Whitaker,  and  John  Francis  alternating, 
it    might    almost  be  said,  with  those  of  Lytton, 
Harriet  Beecher  Stowe,   Wilkie   Collins,   Charles 
Reade,  and  R.  D.   Blackmore.     The  frontispiece 
consists  of  a  portrait  of  Sir  Henry  M.  Stanley, 
Innumerable  likenesses  of  other  men  of  eminence 
appear,  and  the  book,  in  that  respect  alone,  forms 
a  pleasant  addition  to  any  library.     Blackmore  and 
Stanley,  the  former  especially,  are  among  the  most 
important  contributors  to  the  volume,  Blackmore's 
letters  having  often  great  interest.    It  is  pleasing 
to    come  upon  a  capital   portrait   of   poor   Fred 
Burnaby,  whose  premature  death  in  action  was  a 
loss  to  literature  and  arms.     The  pen  picture  sup- 
plied of  him  is  also  excellent.     General  Sir  W.  F. 
Butler,  Capt.  Mahan,  Mr.  W.  Clark  Russell,  Jules 
Verne,  and  the  author  are  among  those  of  whom 
portraits  are  supplied.     The  book  (which,  as  our 
readers  must  know,  is  by  a  frequent  contributor 
to  our  columns)  is  well  written,  and,  besides  being 
pleasantly   chatty  and    gossiping,    supplies    much 
valuable    literary    information.      We    see  a  great 
number  of   interesting   people    in  sidelights,  and 
obtain  much  striking  information  upon  social  and 
business  conditions  during  the  latter  half  of  the 
nineteenth  century. 

Dictionary  of  National  Biography  Errata.    (Smith, 

Elder  &  Co.) 

THIS  sixty-seventh  and  complementary  volume  of 
the  *  Dictionary  of  National  Biography '  has  been 
carried  out  by  the  editor  at  the  instance  of  Mrs. 
George  M.  Smith,  by  whom  it  has  been  presented 
to  the  subscribers.  Its  value  is,  of  course,  signal, 
and  one  can  only  wish  that  in  works  of  similar 
"long  breath"  similar  consideration  had  been  dis- 
played by  the  projector  and  the  executants.  In 
the  preface  it  is  pointed  out  that  two  million  facts 
and  dates  are  supplied  in  the  work,  and  it  is 
pleaded  that  no  human  care  could  ensure  complete 
accuracy  under  such  conditions.  This  may  willingly 
be  conceded.  All  against  which  we  are  disposed  to 
protest  is  the  inclusion  of  the  entire  contents  under 
the  head  of  errata.  Some  genuine  coquilles  there 
are  ;  there  are  errors  in  dates,  difficult  of  avoidance 
when,  necessarily,  so  long  a  period  intervenes 
between  writing  the  article  and  correcting  the 
proof,  that  the  examination  of  every  item  involves 


doing  the  work  over  again.  So  far  as  we  have- 
traced,  however,  the  more  important  alterations 
consist  of  additions.  After  all  possible  use  had 
been  made  of  'N.  &  Q.,'  a  date  in  some  rather 
obscure  life  remained  undiscoverable.  After  the 
publication  of  the  volume  in  which  the  life  appears 
fresh  intelligence  is  brought  to  bear  upon  it,  and 
some  one  inaccessible  in  our  columns— say  a  sur- 
viving relative  or  a  descendant — supplies  it.  This 
is  not  an  erratum.  We  would,  therefore,  prefer  to- 
have  had  the  volume  headed  '  Errata  and  Addenda.' 
As  the  volumes  are  treated  in  the  order  in  which/ 
they  appeared,  the  arrangement  is  necessarily  alpha- 
betical. It  would  be  invidious  to  work  through  the 
volumes  and  show  which  of  the  seven  hundred 
contributors  are  the  more  or  the  less  careful.  Such 
an  investigation  would,  moreover,  be  unfair.  The 
man  who  writes  the  life  of  an  obscure  artist  finds 
few  men  on  his  track.  He,  on  the  contrary,  who 
is  responsible  for  the  life  of  a  great  poet  or  states- 
man will  have  many  to  correct  him  if  he  makes  a 
slip.  Full  acknowledgment  is  made  by  Mr.  Sidney 
Lee,  to  whose  energy  and  erudition  the  '  Dictionary  y 
itself  is  principally  due,  of  the  sources  of  informa- 
tion employed  in  the  preparation  of  the  new  volume. 
Few  of  our  readers  will  be  surprised  to  hear  that 
W.  C.  B.,  whose  emendations  of  successive  volumes 
have  been  a  marked  feature  in  '  N.  &  Q.,'  is  the* 
recipient  of  special  recognition. 

SchioierigkeUen  des  Englischen.  Von  Dr.  Gustav 
Kriiger. — III.  Teil.  Syntax  nebst  Beitragen  zur~ 
Stilistik,  Worthunde,  und  Wortbildung.  2  vols. 
(Dresden  and  Leipzig,  C.  A.  Kochs.) 
THESE  two  volumes  are  part  of  Dr.  Kriiger's 
'  English  Syntax,'  and  we  have  given  the  title- 
pretty  fully  in  order  that  our  readers  may  have 
»ome  idea  of  the  extent  of  the  ground  covered.. 
There  are  no  fewer  than  2,602  sections,  which 
consist  mostly  of  rules,  followed  by  examples  in 
English  and  German,  and  the  whole  presents  a 
wonderfully  complete  survey  of  the  differences  of 
expression  and  form  in  these  two  great  languages. 
Dr.  Kriiger's  industry  and  research  are  extra- 
ordinary, and  his  collection  of  examples  shows  a. 
width  of  reading  which  is  almost  unexampled,  we 
should  say,  in  a  foreigner. 

We  think,  indeed,  that  his  work  is,  if  anything, 
too  massive.  Confronted  with  a  similar  plan,  we 
should  have  confined  ourselves  to  the  best  English, 
3y  which  we  mean  the  English  of  the  best  taste,  if 
we  may  use  the  phrase.  Such  can  be  secured  in 
select  company  only,  from  writers  and  speakers  wha 
by  happy  instinct, '  or  love  of  their  own  tongue,  or 
philological  zeal,  use  the  English  language  properly. 
And  here  we  may  explain  our  position  a  little.  We* 
are  no  pedants,  and  some  knowledge  of  other  lan- 
guages has  taught  us  that  freedom  of  idiom  is 
preferable  to  an  unthinking  apotheosis  of  grammar. 
Such  freedom  in  speech  is,  to  us,  the  ideal,  for  we 
rank  grammar  with  the  conventions  of  society  as 
means  to  an  end— means  which  in  both  cases  may- 
become  intolerable  and  may  in  the  stress  of  actual 
life  be  justly  disregarded.  Having  made  this  much 
clear,  we  may  say  that  Dr.  Kriiger  has  attempted 
too  much  in  including  Americanisms,  oddities  of 
speech  meant  to  be  comic  only,  definite  mistakes 
which  belong  to  what  we  may  call  low  ver- 
nacular, and  usages  which  are  not  tolerated  by  the 
select  body  we  have  referred  to  above.  Our  lan- 
guage is,"  we  regret  to  say,  slack  enough  without 
references  to  such  lapses,  and  we  think  that  the 


10*  s.  ii.  OCT.  29, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


359 


student  may  be  confused  by  the  very  abundance  of 
notes  and  cautions  set  before  him.  If  the  field  had 
been  narrowed,  he  would  have  had  less  to  learn, 
and  he  would  not  have  missed  much.  His  very 
correctness  of  idiom,  which  might  appear  strange 
to  unthinking  Englishmen,  would  win  from  the 
competent  a  tribute  of  praise  and  regard  which 
would  be  worth  having  ;  and  he  would  easily  learn 
without  book  some  of  the  inelegancies  which  are 
seriously  treated  here,  as  if  they  were  necessary 
parts  of  English  speech.  Our  own  view  on  the 
difficult  question,  What  is  English  ?  may,  of  course, 
be  challenged,  but  we  may  be  allowed  to  say  that  it 
is  the  fruit  of  a  love  of  the  subject  in  which  we 
yield  to  none,  and  which  we  have  fortified  for  many 
years  by  close  study  of  style  both  among  the  living 
and  the  dead,  of  the  deficiencies  and  advantages  of 
our  own  tongue  in  comparison  with  modern  and 
ancient  languages. 

This  book  is  indeed  a  wonderful  storehouse  of 
notes  and  rules,  and  almost  every  subject  which  we 
have  looked  for  we  have  found  mentioned  with 
references  to  such  authorities  as  Dr.  Sweet  and  the 
'New  English  Dictionary.'  The  English  gerund, 
the  wealth  of  German  adverbs  which  have  no 
English  equivalent  in  a  single  word,  the  use  of 
the  word  "gentleman,"  English  forms  of  foreign 
towns  (to  which  Genf  might  have  been  added), 
are  a  few  instances  of  subjects  excellently  treated. 
We  notice,  too,  that  on  the  delicate  question  of 
implied  comedy  or  depreciation  in  English  words, 
Dr.  Kriiger  shows  generally  remarkable  discrimina- 
tion. 

We  proceed  to  mention  a  few  points  which  have 
struck  us  in  going  through  the  book.  We  do  not 
think  that  a  serious  work  should  record  as  an 
instance  of  sex  applied  to  things,  "Say,  Bill,  got  a 
yaller  ticket?"  "Yes."  "What '11  you  take  for 
her  ?  "  from  '  Tom  Sawyer  '  (vol.  i.  p.  5).  u  Ship  " 
and  "boat "are  feminine  always  for  seaf oik,  adds 
Dr.  Kriiger,  and  we  might  add,  for  everybody. 
The  motor,  too,  will  be  generally  taken  as  a  lady, 
we  think,  when  it  gets  into  popular  speech.  We 
do  not  regard  "  infirmaress,"  "monkess,"  and 
"  regentress  '  as  decent  English  at  all  (p.  2).  "  Mit 
Zittern  und  Zagen  "  may  be  rendered  by  the  Biblical 
"with  fear  and  trembling"  (p.  75).  On  p.  102 
we  read,  "he  looked  ascance  (read  "askance"), 
askew  at  the  new  comer."  "Askew"  is  hardly 
natural  English  to-day  in  this  connexion. 

Section  2,063  points  out  that  English  "folk- 
speech  "  and  various  sorts  of  slang  shorten  words. 
Then  follows  a  list  of  words  which  hold  very 
different  places  in  the  regard  of  speakers  and 
writers.  Thus  "cab"  and  "mob"  are  exemplary 
English,  but  we  have  never  seen  "coll."  for  "col- 
lege" anywhere  except  on  an  envelope  as  a  shortened 
form  of  address.  The  university  man  does  not 
use  it  in  his  daily  talk.  "  Pub  "  is  decidedly  vulgar, 
while  "curio"  is  not.  "Bike"  is  familiar,  but 
displeasing  to  the  present  reviewer,  who  has  not 
heard  "  trike  "  for  tricycle  ventured  often.  *'  Com  " 
for  commission  is  unfamiliar.  We  talked  of  "  comp  " 
(=  composition  in  Greek  and  Latin)  in  schoolboy 
days,  before  we  realized  its  use  as  the  abbreviation 
of  the  expert  body  who  are  concerned  in  giving  this 
present  article  to  the  world  of  print.  To  put  all 
these  words  together  on  the  same  footing  without 
further  explanation  seems  a  misleading  process. 

We  do  not  say  "She  was  married  firstly secondly" 

(p.  220),  but  "first secondly,"  "firstly"  being 

only  current  in  formal  documents.  We  do  not 


think  that  the  so-called  "  split  infinitive  "  deserves 
to  be  treated  with  regard  ;  in  any  case  a  reference 
to  a  notice  in  the  bedrooms  of  the  Charing  Cross 
Hotel  is  not  a  fair  example  of  English.  Our  own 
collections  offer  proof  that  the  two  leading  novelists- 
of  the  English  world,  Mr.  Meredith  and  Mr.  Hardy, 
both  tolerate  this  usage.  Americans  say  (p.  195> 
"  real  nice,"  but  we  have  never  heard  common 
people,  "das  Volk,"  say  "I  am  right  glad,  proper 
glad."  Such  usages  are  distinctly  dialectal,  or  con- 
scious reminiscences  respectively  of  elevated  and 
slangy  language.  Many  further  points  suggest 
themselves  in  this  complete  record  of  the  two- 
tongues  ;  but  we  have  already  shown  sufficiently 
the  lines  on  which  Dr.  Kriiger's  book  is  open  to- 
criticism.  It  contains  the  material  for  at  least 
three  separate  books  which  we  should  like  to  see, 
with  abundant  German  parallels  and  annotations :. 
one  on  spoken  English,  including  the  English  of 
authors  who  have  a  claim  to  respect  as  writers-;, 
another  on  current  slang,  in  which  we  should  neglect 
the  comic  distortions  of  particular  authors ;  and  a, 
third  on  the  English  which  may  be  called  elevated, 
the  style  of  the  best  prose  writers  and  of  most 
poets.  All  these  books,  to  be  thoroughly  trust- 
worthy, would  need  the  close  attention  of  English 
experts.  Dr.  Kriiger  has,  as  we  have  hinted,  a 
very  good  idea  of  the  nuances  of  our  language  for 
a  foreigner,  and  he  has  found  some  English  folk 
to  criticize  his  equivalents  ;  but  more  such  aid,  we 
think,  would  have  been  advisable.  Unfortunately 
competent  persons  of  the  sort  are  rare,  and  we  do- 
not  know  that  we  should  choose  those  who  would 
occur  to  the  average  man  as  judges. 

Book-Prices  Current.  Vol.  XVIII.  (Stock.) 
THE  appearance  of  successive  volumes  of  '  Book- 
Prices  Current'  is  to  the  collector  and  the  book- 
seller one  of  the  pleasantest  features  of  the  recurring 
autumn.  Seldom  has  an  idea  happier  than  that 
which  led  to  the  establishment  of  the  series 
occurred  to  the  mind  of  a  bibliographer,  and  seldom 
has  a  worthy  scheme  been  better  carried  out.  The 
issue  of  the  first  two  or  three  volumes  was,  to  a 
certain  extent,  tentative.  A  very  short  time  sufficed 
for  Mr.  Slater  to  get  into  his  full  stride,  and  the- 
work  now  seems  incapable  of  alteration  or  of  im- 
provement. Once  more,  for  the  eighteenth  year,  it 
appears  in  a  volume  of  between  seven  and  eight 
hundred  pages,  to  be  contentedly  ranged  with  its 
fellows  in  the  rapidly  extending  row.  This  time 
its  contents  beget  in  the  mind  of  the  book-lover 
contending  feelings.  To  the  collector  busily  engaged 
in  establishing  a  library  its  appearance  is  neces- 
sarily welcome,  since  it  proves  that  books  gener- 
ally, with  the  exception  of  the  rarest  and  most 
valuable,  are  lower  in  price  than  they  have  been 
for  some  years,  and  that  the  modern  investor  is 
likely  to  obtain  exceptional  value  for  his  money. 
The  man,  on  the  other  hand,  whose  collection  \» 
virtually  complete,  will  see  with  some  regret  the 
value,  for  sale  purposes,  of  his  library  sadly  depre- 
ciated. Mr.  Slater  holds  that  the  falling  -  off  in> 
what  may  be  called  established  books  amounts  to 
from  thirty  to  forty  per  cent,  compared  with  the 
amount  they  used  to  bring  in  days  when  commercial 
and  other  surroundings  were  less  unsettled.  In 
the  case  of  works  of  less  value  or  repute  the  decline 
is  so  great  that  comparison  is  almost  out  of  the 
question.  Against  these  things  must  be  ranged  one 
or  two  facts :  first  of  all,  that  whole  classes  of  works 
that  a  score  years  ago  were  in  no  estimation  are 


360 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


n.  OCT.  29, 


<now  eagerly  sought,  and  that  those  works  which 
•  constitute  what  Mr.  Slater  calls  "  the  aristocracy 
-of  the  bookshelf  "  mount  in  price,  and  pass  out  of 
the  reach  of  all  but  our  collector  princes.  How 
long  this  state  of  things  will  last,  and  whether  with 
brightening  commercial  days  average  books  will 
regain  their  value,  are  matters  on  which  it  is  not 
safe  to  prophesy.  We  could  furnish  suggestions  as 
to  the  cause  of  the  falling-off  in  prices  were  the 
•occasion  apposite,  or  were  it  our  cue  so  to  do. 
'Considerations  of  space  prohibit,  however,  such 
indulgence,  and  existing  conditions  as  chronicled 
by  Mr.  Slater  must  be  left  to  preach  their  own 
lesson.  The  average  price  per  lot  of  the  sales  in 
1904  has  fallen  from  31.  7*.  10d.  in  1901  to  21.  9s.  3d. 
-Since  1901,  indeed,  the  declension  has  been  steady, 
and  the  point  now  reached  is  lower  than  it  has 
been  since  1896,  when  the  average  was  11.  13s.  IQd. 
The  item  of  most  importance  in  the  year's  sale  was 
the  original  MS.  of  the  first  book  of  the  'Paradise 
Lost,'  which  was  bought  in  for  5,000?.  in  January. 
It  came  with  a  direct  pedigree  from  Jacob  Tonson, 
the  bookseller,  by  a  deeply  interesting  letter  from 
whom  it  was  accompanied.  This  contains  an  excel- 
lent arraignment  of  Bentley  for  his  edition  of  Milton, 
and  supplies  curious  information  as  to  the  rela- 
tions between  the  poet  and  Sir  William  D'Avenant. 
It  is  very  interesting  to  find  Tonson  in  1731  describ- 
ing Milton  as  "  the  admiration  of  England  and  its 
: greatest  credit  abroad."  Much  matter  of  hardly 
less  significance  is  to  be  found  in  a  volume  that  is 
inferior  in  interest  to  none  of  its  predecessors. 

The  Poetical  Works  of  John  Milton.    By  the  Rev. 

H.  C.  Beeching.    (Frowde.) 

POUR  and  a  half  years  ago  we  drew  attention  to 
this  edition  of  Milton  as  the  best,  in  all  respects, 
for  the  lover  and  the  student  of  Milton  (see  9th  S.  v. 
198).  It  is  reprinted  from  the  first  edition,  with 
facsimile  title-pages,  and  with  the  original  text. 
We  spoke  of  it  also  as  "an  unmistakable  boon," 
and  have  since  had  it  in  constant  use,  to  the  virtual 
•exclusion  of  all  other  editions.  It  is  now  included 
in  the  Oxford  two-shilling  edition  of  the  poets,  and 
;so  is  brought  within  the  reach  of  all  classes.  No 
lover  of  poetry  can  afford  to  be  without  it  in  one  of 
the  shapes  in  which  it  has  appeared. 


NEWS  of  the  death  of  Lady  Dilke,  which  occurred 
on  the  24th  inst.  at  Pyrford  Rough,  Woking,  came 
as  a  profound  shock  to  ourselves,  and  will  be  received 
as  such  by  very  many  of  our  readers.  Born  at 
Ilfracombe  on  2  September,  1840,  the  fourth 
daughter  of  Major  Henry  Strong,  H.E  I.C.S.,  and 
/granddaughter  of  Samuel  Strong,  U.E.L.,  of 
Augusta,  Georgia,  and  educated  by  a  sister  of 
Thomas  Edward  Bovydich,  of  Ashantee  fame,  Emilia 
Francis  Strong  married  first,  in  1862,  Mark  Pattison, 
the  celebrated  Rector  of  Lincoln  College,  Oxford, 
and  secondly,  in  1885,  the  Right  Hon.  Sir  Charles 
Wentworth  Dilke,  Bart.,  M.P.  She  developed  at  an 
early  age  literary  ability  and  artistic  appreciation, 
was  a  contributor  to  the  Saturday  Review  in  its  best 
days,  and  wrote  chiefly  on  fine  art — in  regard  to  which 
she  was  an  expert— in  many  periodicals,  English  and 
foreign,  including  the  Gazette  des  Beaux- Arts  and  the 
Art  Journal.  During  some  years  she  was  art  critic 
to  the  Academy.  Her  publications  include  a  life 
of  Lord  Leighton,  contributed  to  "Dumas'  Modern 
.Artists," '  Renaissance  of  Art  in  France,' '  Art  in  the 
Modern  State,'  '  Claude  Lorrain  d'apres  des  Docu- 


ments inedits,' '  Shrine  of  Death  and  other  Stories/ 
4  Shrine  of  Love  and  other  Stories,' '  French  Painters 
of  the  Eighteenth  Century,'  '  French  Architects 
and  Sculptors  of  the  Eighteenth  Century,' '  French 
Decoration  and  Furniture  in  the  Eighteenth 
Century,'  and  *  French  Engravers  and  Draughtsmen 
of  the  Eighteenth  Century.'  The  four  works  last 
named  constitute  her  chief  accomplishment  in 
a  line  in  which  she  had,  in  this  country,  no 
rivals,  are  admirably  illustrated,  and  form  a 
brilliant  history  of  that  delicate  eighteenth-cen- 
tury art  which  attained  in  French  painting, 
sculpture,  architecture,  and  designs  its  highest 
development.-  An  active  part  was  taken  by  her  in 
the  Women's  Trade  Union  League,  of  the  com- 
mittee of  which  she  was  an  indefatigable  member. 
In  our  own  columns  she  wrote  on  her  special 
themes,  and  on  subjects  such  as  the  'Chevalier 
Servandoni,' '  Jinrikshas,'  '  Pin-pricks  as  a  Political 
Phrase,'  *  Perelle's  Etchings,'  *  Pyramus  and 
Thisbe,'  '  When  all  the  world  was  young,  love  ! ' 
and  'Strong's  Bluff.'  She  was  very  proud  of  her 
connexion  with  the  United  Empire  Loyalists,  and 
of  the  sufferings  undergone  by  her  grandfather  and 
her  great-uncle  in  the  Southern  States.  Those  privi 
leged  to  enjoy  her  intimacy  know  how  great  was 
the  range  of  her  knowledge  and  how  wide  that  of 
her  social  sympathies.  Under  her  sway  her  draw- 
ing-room perpetuated  the  attractions  and  advan- 
tages of  the  salons  of  past  days,  she  herself  pre- 
siding with  admirable  tact  and  distinction  over 
brilliant  and  delightful  gatherings,  and  pouring 
a  flood  of  illumination  over  the  themes  discussed. 
We  may,  perhaps,  on  her  behalf  alter  Steele's 
celebrated  declaration  concerning  Lady  Elizabeth 
Hastings,  since  to  have  known  her,  which  was  equal 
to  having  loved  her,  "  was  a  liberal  education." 
Lady  Dilke  was  an  enthusiastic  bibliophile,  and, 
besides  the  priceless  French  Elzevirs  in  which  she 
delighted,  had  a  collection  of  early  French  poetry. 


s  iff 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 

Sut  in  parentheses,   immediately  after  the  exact 
eading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which   they   refer.      Correspondents    who    repeat 
queries    are    requested  to  head  the  second  com 
munication  "  Duplicate." 

A.  J.  WILLIAMS  ("  Shakespeare's  Sonnet  xxvi."). 
—We  cannot  publish. 

NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries ' "—Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Pub- 
lisher"—at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  E.G. 


ip»  s.  ii.  OCT.  29, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


MR.  L.  CULLETON,  92,  Piccadilly,  London 
( Member  of  English  and  Foreign  Antiquarian  Societies),  under- 
takes the  furnishing  of  H<t  tracts  from  Pari«U  Registers,  Copies  or 
Abstracts  from  Wills,  Chancery  Proceedings,  and  other  Records  useful 
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T'HE      ENGLISH      HISTORICAL      REVIEW. 
No.  76.    OCTOBER.    Royal  8vo,  as. 
Edited  by  REGINALD  L   POOLE,  M.A.  Ph  D., 
Fellow  of  Magdalen  College  and  Lecturer  in  Diplomatic  in  the 
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1.  Articles. 

The  LAST  DAYS  of  RILCHB8TER.    By  F.  Haverfleld. 

The  CANON   LAW   of  the   DIVORCE.      By    the   Rev.  Herbert 

Thnrston,  s.J . 

GREECE  UNDER  the  TURKS,  1671-1634.    By  William  Miller. 
The  "  MAYFLOWER  "    By  R.  G.  Marsden. 
The   FRENCH   LOSSES   In   the  WATERLOO    CAMPAIGN.     By 

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The  FIRST  CAMPAIGN  of  HBRACLIUS  AGAINST  PERSIA.  By 
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By  J  H  Round  —The  TACTICS  of  the  BATTLES  of  BOROUGH- 
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rp  H  E     EDINBURGH      REVIEW. 

JL  No.  410.    OCTOBER,  1904.    8vo,  6s. 

FRANCE  and  the  VATICAN. 

SOME  RECENT  FRENCH  and  ENGLISH  PLAYS. 

•BOMB  PROBLEMS  of  PRIZE  LAW. 

The    COMMERCIAL    and     FISCAL    POLICY    of    the    VENETIAN 

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MR  CHAMBERLAIN'S  PROPOSALS. 

ADMINISTRATIVE  REFORM  in  the  ARMY  :  a  Retrospect. 
The  POLITICAL  SITUATION. 

LONGMANS,  GREEN  &  CO.  39,  Paternoster  Row,  London.  E.G. 
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INDEX 


Q.     E     N     E     R    A    L 

OF 

NOTES      AND      QUERIES. 

With  Introduction  by  JOSEPH  KNIGHT,  F8.A. 
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ii.  NOV.  5, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


361 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  5,  1901*. 


CONTENTS.— No.  45. 

NOTES  :— Isaac  Voesius's  Library,  361— Brewer's  'Phrase 
and  Fable,' 362— Anonymous  Novels— Britain  as  "Queen 
of  Isles  "— "  Fortune  favours  fools  "—Book  of  Legal  Pre- 
cedents, 3«5— Bromley  Coat  of  Arms—'  Titus  Andronicus' 
on  the  Stage— William  Browne  of  Taviatock,  366. 

QUERIES. -Suppression  of  Duelling  in  England- Italian 
Scholar  Hoaxed,  367  — Hyde  de  Neuville  — Lord  High 
Treasurer's  Accounts  —  Oxenham  Epitaphs  —  Lady  Ara- 
bella Denny— Tithing  Barn— Arden  a«  a  Feminine  Name, 
363— Memorial  TaMets  on  Houses— Genevieve  Collection 
—  ••  Propale  "— "  Honest  Broker  "— '  Proems  des  Bourbons ' 
—Bell-ringing  on  13  August,  1814— William  Stanborough 
—Penny  Wares  Wanted,  369. 

EEPLIBS  :— William  III.'s  Chargers  at  the  Boyne-Pur- 
cell's  Music  for  'The  Tempest,'  370— German  Volkslied— 
Thomas  Beach,  the  Portrait  Painter  — The  Mussuk  — 
•Reliquia*  Wottonianfe'  — Heacham  Parish  Officers  — Y, 
371— Duchess  Sarah,  372-Quotations,  English  and  Spanish 
—Excavations  at  Richborough  —  Parish  Clerk,  373—"  A 
shoulder  of  mutton  "—Grievance  Office :  John  Le  Keux, 
374— Curious  Christian  Names— Storming  of  Fort  Moro— 
Isabelline  as  a  Colour,  375—'  The  Oxford  Sausage  '—Pin 
Witchery,  376— Northburgh  Family-S.  Bradford  Bdwards 
— Markham's  Spelling-Book  — Ludovico  —  Thomas  Ray- 
nolde,  377. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— '  Memoirs  of  the  Verney  Family  '— 
Henslowe's  •  Diary  '  —  '  Worke  for  Cvtlers  '  —  Heine's 
Works— Gray's  Letters  — '  Intermediate '— '  Folk-Lore  '— 
Reviews  and  Magazines. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


ISAAC  VOSSIUS'S  LIBRARY. 
THE  full  story  of  the  transference  of  this 
library  to  the  University  Library  at  Leyden 
has  never  yet,  1  think,  been  told  in  English  ; 
nevertheless  we  are  directly  concerned  in  it, 
for  attempts,  almost  successful,  were  made  to 
acquire  this  famous  collection  for  Oxford. 
For  this  reason  the  following  abstract  from 
an  article  by  P.  C.  Molhuysen  on  the  history 
of  the  Leyden  University  Library  should 
prove  of  interest.  The  original  is  to  be 
found  in  the  Tijdschrift  voor  Boek-  en  Biblio- 
theekwezen,  Jaargang  II.,  Maart- April,  1904, 
pp.  95-100.  Molhuysen  has  gone  for  his 
tacts  to  the  resolutions  of  the  curators  of 
the  University  and  to  the  reports  of  legal 
proceedings  before  the  High  Council,  so  that 
his  account  may  be  taken  as  trustworthy. 

Isaac  Vossius  died  at  Windsor  on  21  Feb., 
1689,  and  left  his  library  to  his  brother 
Matthew's  two  children,  Gerard  Jan  Vossius, 
a  Councillor  of  Flanders,  and  his  sister 
Aafje.  The  University  of  Oxford  entered 
into  communication  with  them,  and  an  offer 
of  3,000£.  was  made,  which  was  not  accepted. 
Through  the  intervention  of  one  of  the 
•curators,  Van  Beverningh,  the  books  were 
offered  to  the  Leyden  Academy  for  much  the 
same  price,  namely  33,000  gulden.  The  cata- 


ogue  alone  could  be  inspected  at  a  friend's 
bouse  at  the  Hague,  but  no  examination  of 
the  books  was  possible. 

The  bargain  was  concluded  in  haste,  as 
Vossius  feared  that  the  English  were  but 
little  inclined  to  let  such  a  collection  go  out 
of  the  country.  Van  Citters,  the  Dutch 
Ambassador,  brought  the  books  to  London  in 
thirty-four  cases,  of  which  five  contained  the 
MSS.,  whence  they  were  conveyed  by  war- 
ship to  Texel,  and  then  to  Leyden.  All  had 
arrived  there  by  October,  1690.  To  accom- 
modate the  new  accessions  extra  shelving 
was  put  up  in  the  library,  and  for  the  sake  of 
security  the  radical  measure  was  taken  of 
closing  it  to  the  public. 

Profs.  Spanheim,  Gronovius,  and  Trigland 
were  appointed  to  compare  the  books  with 
the  catalogue.  They  handed  in  their  report 
on  14  March,  1691,  in  which  they  stated  their 
conclusion  that  the  books  and  MSS.  which 
had  been  delivered  did  not  wholly  agree  with 
or  satisfy  the  catalogue.  On  this  the  curators 
proposed  a  considerable  reduction  in  the  sale 
price,  and  when  G.  Vossius  would  not  agree, 
an  offer  was  actually  made  to  send  the  whole 
library  back  to  Oxford  or  Cambridge,  which- 
ever he  preferred.  Vossius  would  not  enter- 
tain the  proposal,  but  demanded  the  rest  of 
the  purcnase  money,  for  a  certain  proportion 
had  already  been  paid  him. 

Through  Spanheim  information  was  now 
sought  in  England  from  Adrian  Beverland 
concerning  the  terms  of  the  offer  made  by 
Oxford.  Beverland  replied  that  only  2,800^. 
had  been  offered,  and  sent  a  list  of  valuable 
books  and  MSS.  which  he  asserted  had  been 
retained  by  G.  Vossius  against  the  wish  of 
the  deceased.  This  report  not  being  trusted, 
Beverland  was  requested  to  furnish  a  formal 
declaration  to  the  same  effect.  The  result  of 
this  application  is  not  known,  but  evidently 
some  reliance  was  placed  on  the  information, 
for  a  suit  was  entered  into  on  two  grounds  : 
(1)  that  Vossius  had  not  delivered  what  was 
down  in  the  catalogue  ;  (2)  that  he  had  not 
shown  them  the  true  catalogue,  but  had  caused 
a  new  one  to  be  drawn  up.  What  (2)  had  to 
do  with  the  case  is  not  very  clear,  for  the 
curators  had  evidently  purchased  the  books 
as  described  in  the  catalogue  seen  at  the 
Hague. 

The  truth  seems  to  be  that  the  three  pro- 
fessors were  disappointed  at  finding  so  little 
unpublished  matter  among  the  MSS.,  and 
therefore  were  inclined  to  undervalue  them. 
For  the  purposes  of  the  suit  the  professors 
had  to  draw  up  an  inventory  of  detects  ;  but 
all  in  vain,  for  after  much  delay  judgment 
was  given  against  the  curators. 


362 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        DO*  s.  n.  NOV.  5,  im 


As  a  last  resort  a  petition  was  sent  to  the 
High  Council  (meeting  of  curators,  27  April, 
1697)  seeking  to  undo  the  contract  on  the 
ground  of  Icesio  ultra  dimidium.  A  survey  of 
what  had  been  delivered  was  now  necessary, 
and  the  task  was  undertaken  with  great 
unwillingness  by  the  three  professors.  It 
was  disagreeable  work,  as  no  fire  was  allowed 
at  any  time  in  the  library.  The  use  of  a 
chafing-dish  with  coals  to  warm  their  hands 
was  granted  as  a  special  concession.  The 
printed  books  were  left  to  be  gone  over  by 
booksellers. 

The  instructions  were  to  ascertain 

"  whether  and  in  how  far  what  had  been  delivered 
agreed  with  the  catalogue ;  whether  the  books 
were  complete  or  defective  ;  but  also  whether  they 
had  been  already  published  ;  whether  they  were 
better  than  the  printed  edition  ;  whether  they  had 
already  been  used  and  the  emendations  given  to 
the  light ;  further  taking  notice  of  condition  and 
age." 

This  inventory  is  still  extant  in  the  library 
archives,  and  some  of  its  criticisms  are 
decidedly  captious.  Thus  the  professors  ad- 
mitted that  the  MS.  Lucretius  (V.L.fo.SO)was 
valuable,  but  stated  that  its  worth  was 
lessened  by  its  having  been  already  thoroughly 
collated  and  examined.  Or  again  they  belittle 
the  illustrations  in  an  early  surgical  MS., 
*  Theodorici  Chirurgia,'  because,  according  to 
them,  "  Figurae  inutiles  nee  nisi  solo  colore 
conspicuae."  A  Vitruvius  they  declared 
twice  bought,  because  the  original  MS.  and  a 
copy  of  the  printed  edition  founded  on  it 
were  both  in  the  library. 

The  petition  was,  however,  fruitless. 
Judgment  was  delivered  against  the  curators 
on  20  December,  1704,  and  they  were  required 
to  pay  Vossius  the  whole  sum  of  33,000  f., 
with  interest  at  4  per  cent.,  after  deduction  of 
what  had  been  already  paid.  In  the  May 
following  an  agreement  was  come  to  by 
which  Vossius  consented  to  receive  1,620  f. 
instead  of  2,119.8  f.  still  due  to  him,  and  to 
hand  over  one  or  two  books  which  had  been 
kept  back.  In  this  way  the  University  at 
last,  after  fourteen  years,  entered  into  real 
possession  of  the  library. 

At  first  plans  had  been  made  for  an  annexe, 
but  they  were  abandoned,  and  instead  the 
room  was  rearranged.  A  double  case  was 
put  up  through  the  middle  of  the  hall 
parallel  to  the  walls,  in  which  the  Vossian 
library  was  placed.  This  part  was  railed  off 
from  the  public.  Tables  for  readers  were  pro- 
vided in  the  space  between  the  rails  and  the 
walls,  reading-desks  were  placed  in  the  win- 
dows, and  the  original  library  seems  to  have 
been  transferred  to  wall-cases  protected  by 


gauze.  For  an  illustration  of  the  library  a& 
it  was  before  these  changes  see  Mr.  J.  W. 
Clark's  '  Care  of  Books/  p.  170.  The  middle 
case  was  boarded  up  during  the  progress  of 
the  lawsuit,  and  the  library  opened  again  to 
readers  in  April,  1695,  after  having  been 
closed  for  four  years  and  a  half. 

In  conclusion  I  will  just  draw  attention  to- 
the  points  in  which  the  account  in  the 
'D.N.B.'  differs  from  the  above.  It  states 
that  "  3,0001  was  offered  by  the  University 
of  Oxford  for  the  library  in  September,  1710, 
but  on  10  October  it  was  sold  to  Leyden  for 
36,000  florins,"  with  a  reference  to  'Keliq. 
Hearn.,'  i.  207.  Surely  there  is  some  mistake 
here— the  date  must  be  1690.  It  will  be  seen 
also  that  the  account  I  have  followed  gives 
the  price  as  33,000  florins,  not  36,000.  G. 
Vossius  evidently  used  the  Oxford  offer 
simply  as  an  estimate  of  the  value  of  the 
library,  and  had  no  intention  of  letting 
England  retain  so  fine  a  collection.  Perhaps 
he  would  have  got  his  money  sooner  if  he 
had.  W.  K.  B.  PRIDEAUX. 


BREWER'S 


DICTIONARY  OF  PHRASE 
AND  FABLE.' 


A  FEW  months  ago,  casually  wishing  to- 
ascertain  the  life- dates  of  Stradivarius,  I 
consulted  four  works  of  reference.  There  was 
a  certain  amount  of  nebulosity  in  the  informa- 
tion obtained.  From  the  octet  of  dates,  each 
given  without  any  indication  of  dubiety,  I 
gathered  that  this  eminent  violin-maker  must 
have  been  born  four  times  at  intervals  during 
a  quarter  of  a  century,  and  that  he  died  in  a 
similarly  remarkable  fashion.  An  experience 
like  this  illustrates  the  advisability  of  test- 
ing such  statements  before  placing  too  much 
reliance  on  their  accuracy.  Dates  are  such 
lifeless  things  ;  Homer  sometimes  nods  ;  mis- 
prints will  occur  ;  and  infallibility  is  beyond 
expectation.  I  am  not,  therefore,  prepared' 
to  say  that  the  anachronisms  to  be  found  in 
the  last  edition  of  Dr.  Brewer's  '  Dictionary 
of  Phrase  and  Fable  '  are  more  numerous  than 
might  be  anticipated  in  a  compilation  dealing 
with  a  great  diversity  of  topics  and  not 
professedly  chronological. 

To  begin  with  hemerine  errors,  some 
instances  may  be  found  in  an  article  in 
the  above-named  volume  on  'Kings,  etc.,  of 
England,'  wherein  28  October,  1216,  should 
be  Friday,  not  Saturday;  8  March,  1702,  O.S., 
Sunday,  not  Monday  ;  and  the  incompre- 
hensible date  given  for  the  termination 
of  George  I.'s  reign,  "Saturday,  June  llth, 
1727  O.S.,  1721  N.S.,"  resolves  itself  into  a. 


io<»  s.  ii.  NOV.  5, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


363 


Sunday.*  The  insertion  of  N.S.  after  the  date 
of  Edward  III.'s  accession  is  also  erroneous. 

Among  other  articles  of  a  similar  nature 
there  is  a  list  of  important  battles  fought  on 
a  Sunday.  In  passing  it  may  be  noted  that 
the  first  battles  of  Lincoln  and  Bull  Run,  and 
the  second  of  Newbury,  are  here  referred  to. 
I  do  not  find  that  27  July,  1689,  the  date 
usually  assigned  to  Killiecrankie,  was  a 
Sunday  ;  and  Carlyle  definitely  says  that 
"the  battle  of  Worcester  was  fought  on  the 
evening  of  Wednesday,  3  Septemoer,  1651." 
Unless  I  am  mistaken,  too,  there  was  a 
cessation  of  hostilities  at  Leipzig  on  Sunday, 
17  October,  1813  ;  Louis  Napoleon  received 
his  "baptism  of  fire"  at  Saarbriick  on 
Tuesday,  2  August,  1870  ;  and  the  fighting 
round  Sedan  began  on  Monday,  29  August, 
concluding  on  the  following  Thursday.  Else- 
where pruning  is  also  required,  for  of  four 
entries  under 'Friday  and  the  United  States,' 
two  are  inadmissible.  The  battle  of  Bunker's 
Hill  was  fought  on  a  Saturday,  17  June,  1775; 
and  17  July,  1776,  was  a  Wednesday.  Im- 
mediately preceding  this  is  another  article 
on  Friday,  here  connecting  it  with  Columbus, 
and  probably  suggested  by  a  note  in  Prescott's 

*  Ferdinand    and    Isabella,'  pt.    i.  ch.    xviii. 
Apart    from    a  misprint  (12   March   for  15 
March)  it  is  noticeable  for  dating  the  dis- 
covery of  the  American  continent   13  June, 
1494.    It  is  generally  agreed,  I  believe,  that 
Columbus  then  laboured  under  a  misconcep- 
tion, and  that  the  real  discovery  took  place 
on  a  Wednesday,  1  August,  1498 ;  though,  if 
we  are   to  credit  a  well-known    and  much- 
advertised  publication,  the  intrepid  voyager 
first  saw  the  mainland  of  America  on  30  May 
of  that   year,  whilst  still  off   the  coast  of 
Spain. 

Coming  now  to  year-dates,  one  finds,  s.v 

*  Parliament,'  the   existence   of  the  Addled 
variety  extended  by  a  twelvemonth,  and  that 
of  the  Pensioner  or  Cavalier  curtailed  by  a 
like  period.    The    *  Teutonic   Knights '   are 
abolished  nine  years  too  soon  ;  the  *  Arganc 
Lamp'    is  invented  five  years  after  it  was 
patented  ;  Huxley  coins  'Agnostic'  in  1885 
though  he  had  already  done  so  in  1869 ;  anc 
so  forth.    What  may  be  called  personal  dates 
come  off  no   better.    Under  •  Great,'   Diego 
Hurtado    de  Mendoza  is   mistaken  for  his 
relative  the  Cardinal,  who  died  in  1495,  agec 
sixty-six  ;  and  other  double-barrelled  misse* 
occur  in  the  cases  of  President  ''Rough  am 
Ready  "  Taylor  ;   Bolivar,  the  "  Washingtoi 


*  It  is  amusing  to  find  this  mistake,  when  mad 
by  another  writer,  included  by  Dr.  Brewer  amon^ 
the  '  Errors  of  Authors '  in  his  '  Reader's  Uanc 
book.' 


f  Columbia";   the  "Coxcomb"    Prince  de 
igne ;  and  the  "  Wise "  Frederick  III.  of 
axony.    Sometimes    celebrities  have  their 
ves   prolonged,  Fielding,  for  instance,  s.v. 
Homer,'   gaining    fourteen,   and   Averroes, 
v.  *  Science  Persecuted,'  twenty-eight  years- 
ore  frequently  they  are  deprived  of  a  few 
months  or  years'  existence.     It  is  sufficiently 
ell  known  that  the"  Man  of  Blood  and  Iron," 
ere  alleged  to  have  come  into  the  world  on 
September,  was  an  April  fool — by  birth  only. 
)e  Quincey  loses   nine  years,  s.v.  '  Opium- 
ater';    Petrarch  thirty,   s.v.  'Sonnet';    Sir 
'hilip  Sidney   two,  s.v.    'Bayard ' ;    Goethe 
wenty,  s.v.  'Coryphaeus';    Tartini  six,   s.v.. 
Violin ' ;  Cellini  nine,  s.v.   4  Perseus ' ;  Elie 
e  Beaumont  twenty-three,  s.v.   'Beaumon- 
ague';  Voltaire  two,  s.v.  'Grand.'  It  would, 
lowever,  be  tedious  to  enumerate  other  in- 
tances   where  the  dates  given  differ  by  a 
ear  or  two  from  those    usually   accepted, 
hat  mysterious  scapegoat  the  printer's  devil 
was  probably  responsible  for  much  of  this  ;. 
and  it  doubtless  rejoiced  his  heart  to  insert 
B.C.  before  the  dates  of  St.  Augustine,  cor- 
rupting 354  into  395  (s.v.  '  Hammer '),  and  to- 
make  Owen  Meredith  an  author  before  his- 
;hird  birthday. 

There  is  a  disposition  in  some  quarters  to- 
ook  upon  this  work  as  an  authority  on  ety- 
mology, perhaps  from  the  assurance  given  in 
the  preface  to  the  last  edition  that  full 
advantage  has  been  taken  of  modern  philo- 
ogical  research.  This  is  rather  unfortunate, 
ior,  to  say  the  least,  the  dictionary  is  capable 
of  improvement  in  this  particular  direction- 
It  contains  a  variety  of  derivations  that  were 
abandoned  many  years  ago,  and  some  which 
I  should  imagine  have  never  found  much 
acceptance.  At  times  the  true  etymology  of 
a  word  is  deliberately  rejected.  Thus,  an 
early  form  of  "Samedi"  was  sambati-diem, 
which  is  remarkable  if  the  derivation  from 
sabbati-dies  "  cannot  be  correct,"  and  shows 
no  approximation  towards  Saturni-dits  ;  and 
nod  as  a  source  of  "Noddy  "  is  not  so  ridicu- 
lous as  it  is  made  to  appear.  "Most  im- 
probable "  as  the  obtention  of  "  Church  "  from 
a  Greek  word  meaning  "house  of  God  may 
seem,  it  is  yet  favoured  by  philologists ; 
though  the  same  cannot  be  said  of  the  deriva- 
tion of  '  Lateran,'  a  latente  rana  (quoted  by 
Buckle  from  Matthew  of  Westminster  as  an 
example  of  the  credulity  of  the  Middle  Ages), 
the  name  of  the  Laterani  to  whom  the  original 
palace  belonged  being  destitute  of  batrachian 
affinities.  As  a  pretty  piece  of  etymology 
there  may  be  instanced  the  statement,  s.v. 
'Thames,'  that  "Tham  is  a  variety  of  the 
Latin  amnis,  seen  in  such  words  as  North- 


364 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io«*  s.  n.  NOV.  5,  im. 


ampton,  South-ampton,  Tarn-worth,  &c."; 
and  whilst  "Dannocks"  is  recognized  as  a 
corruption  of  Tournay  (or  rather  of  Doornik, 
the  Flemish  name),  the  same  word  spelt 
"  Dornock"  is  erroneously  referred  to  a  Scotch 
town.  Under  '  Gibraltar '  we  have  an  amal- 
gamation of  personalities  remediable  by  ob- 
serving that  the  Tarik  Ibn  Zeyad,  from  whom 
•the  fortress  gets  its  name,  landed  in  the 
neighbourhood  in  April,  711  ;  whereas  Tarifa 
records  the  landing  of  Tarif  Abu  Zora  in  the 
previous  year  on  a  scouting  expedition  ;  and 
here  it  may  be  noted  that  Gibbon's  date  for 
the  battle  of  Xeres,  which  followed  these 
operations,  differs  slightly  from  the  one  given 
"s.v.  '  .Roderick.'  Again,  it  is  difficult  to  recon- 
cile the  assertion  that  "every  available  source" 
has  been  made  use  of  with  the  acceptance  of 
the  onomatopoetic  origin  of  "Taffata";  the 
fallacious  derivation  of  "Varnish"  from 
Berenice,  which  was  based  on  passages  in 
Eustathius  and  Salmasius ;  the  confusion 
under  'Periwinkle'  of  the  plant  and  the 
mollusc  ;  the  obtention  of  "  Regale  "  from 
L.  regalis,  "Rote"  from  rota,  "Marl"  from 
argill,  "Ledger-lines"  from  Dutch leggen,  to  lie, 
"Tout "from  Tooting,  "Racy"  from  relishy, 
"  Tomboy  "  from  Saxon  tumbere,  "  Chemistry  " 
from  Arabic  kamai,  to  conceal,  "  Halter  "  from 
hah,  the  neck,  "  Hob  "  from  habban,  to  hold, 
and  so  on.  Some  of  the  etymologies,  indeed, 
verge  on  the  miraculous  :  "  Drum  "  (a  party) 
from  drawing-room,  for  example ;  "  hobby- 
horse "  from  hobby  -  hause,  hawk  -  tossing  ; 
"nag "  from  Danish  og,  &c. ;  or  " fluke"  from 
German  gliick.  Others  rest  on  insecure 
foundations  or  have  become  obsolete,  such  as 
those  given  under  '  Cheese,'  *  Foolscap,'  *  Gos- 
samer,' 'Drake,'  'Labyrinth,' '  Hussar,'  'Pam- 
per,' 'Strawberry,'  'Suffrage,'  and  several 
given  under  '  Lucus  a  non  lucendo.'  Of  guess- 
derivations  an  unlucky  instance  occurs  s.v. 
'Curry  Favour';  and  another  s.v.  'Tram,' 
where  Outram  is  rightly  rejected,  but  "  Greek 
dram-ein,  to  run,"  is  suggested.  (It  is  in- 
teresting, by  the  way,  to  find  the  word  dram, 
meaning  timber  from  Drammen  in  Norway, 
used  in  English  since  the  middle  of  the 
seventeenth  century.)  Many  other  false, 
faulty,  or  dubious  etymologies  might  be  in- 
stanced (for  I  have  notes  of  a  few  dozen 
•more),  but  the  above  will  suffice  to  show 
that  the  prefatory  guarantee  is  not  sub- 
stantiated by  the  text.  Reference  should, 
however,  be  made  to  the  mistaken  assump- 
tion that  the  letter  C  represents  the  hollow 
of  the  hand,  though  originating  in  the  Semitic 
gimel,  a  camel,  and  to  the  untenable  hypo- 
thesis, s.v.  '  Dover,'  that  Chaucer's  "  Jakke  of 
Dovere That  hath  been  twies  hoot  and 


twies  coold  "  was  a  leathern  bottle  filled  with 
heel-taps.  But  an  article  on  a  subject  cognate 
with  the  foregoing  needs  more  extended  con- 
sideration, from  the  miscellaneous  character 
of  the  misinformation  supplied. 

An  abundance  of  "  Misnomers  "  of  various 
kinds  is  contained  in  the  English  language, 
yet  the  list  of  them  which  finds  a  place  in 
this  work  is  a  curiously  infelicitous  selection. 
There  was,  I  think,  something  similar  in  a 
dilapidated  copy  of  an  early  edition  I  used 
to  possess,  which  makes  the  continued  exist- 
ence of  this  article  somewhat  puzzling.  On 
the  basis  of  the  examples  given  therein  a 
lover  of  paradox  would  find  little  difficulty 
in  showing  that  our  mother  tongue  is  chiefly 
composed  of  words  meriting  the  appellation 
in  question.  For,  dismissing  "  Louis  de  Bour- 
bon" and  "  Vallombrosa,"  which  hardly  be- 
come misnomers  through  alleged  mistakes 
by  Sir  Walter  Scott  and  Milton,  and  the  un- 
intelligible entry  under  'Cinerary,'  we  find 
"canopy"  and  "mosaic"  included  because 
they  chance  to  resemble  Canopus  and  Moses 
respectively;  "fish"  (a  counter),  "laudanum," 
and  "cullander,"  because  they  have  under- 
gone alterations  in  spelling  during  trans- 
ference to  English ;  "  celandine "  because  it 
has  a  mythical  origin;  "frontispiece"  and 
"sovereign"  because  misspelt;  "acid"  and 
"elements  "  because  of  their  special  chemical 
senses.  If  the  cogency  of  such  reasons  be 
allowed,  then  their  consistent  application 
would  yield  surprising  numerical  results. 
But  this  is  not  all.  The  catalogue  of  mis- 
nomers would  become  of  vast  length  if  we 
admit  that  "pen  "  must  be  included  because 
it  etymologically  means  a  feather  ;  "  china," 
because  of  geographical  origin  ;  "  slave,"  be- 
cause in  Slavonic  it  meant  "illustrious"  or 
"intelligible";  "sealing-wax,"  because  no 
longer  made  of  beeswax ;  "  lunatic,"  because 
formerly  associated  with  the  moon  ;  "  meer- 
schaum," becauseits  origin  was  misunderstood; 
"  lunar  caustic,"  because  an  alchemical  term. 
By  parity  of  reasoning,  a  very  large  propor- 
tion of  common  words  would  become  mis- 
nomers —  crystal,  damask,  currant,  villain, 
book,  jovial,  saturnine,  amber,  mercury,  and 
hundreds  more.  In  short,  words  such  as 
these,  of  which  the  original  meaning  is 
popularly  forgotten,  cannot  properly  be  called 
wrong  names.  Nor  can  erroneous  deriva- 
tions such  as  those  given  under  'Antelope,' 
'  Custard,'  '  Crawfish,'  '  Foxglove,'  and 
'  Greyhound  '  be  held  to  justify  their  inclu- 
sion in  this  article.  As  to  the  wonderful 
account  of  "down,"  with  its  paradoxical 
corollary  that  "going  downstairs  really 
means  going  upstairs,"  the  less  said  the 


io<»  s.  ii.  NOV.  .5,  low.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


better ;  and  the  elaborate  etymology  of 
*'  wolf's  -bane "  seems  at  least  partly  due  to 
the  confusion  of  German  Wolfsbohne,  wolfs 
bean  (a  lupine),  with  the  plant  known  as 
Wolfsyist  ( wolf's  poison),  Wolfseisenhut, 
Wolfskraut,  &c.  But  here  I  may  be  mis- 
taken. 

Besides  some  genuine  misnomers,  such  as 
**  black-lead,"  "  catgut,'7  &c.,  there  remain 
those  entries  which  are  based  on  the  distor- 
tion of  facts.  "Arabic  figures  "  records  from 
whom  the  notation  was  learnt;  just  as 
"  Turkey  rhubarb  "  refers  to  Asiatic  Turkey, 
whence  it  was  imported  ;  and  "  Burgundy 
pitch  "  to  the  district  whence  it  was  and  still 
is  exported,  **  pitch  "  being  here  used  in  the 
original  sense.  (On  the  other  hand, "  Saracen 
wheat,"  elsewhere  mentioned,  has  no  more  to 
do  with  the  Saracens  than  bU  de  Turquie  has 
with  Turkey.)  "  German  silver "  came  from 
Germany,  and  "Prussian  blue"  was  discovered 
in  Berlin  ;  and  it  is  amusing  to  find  one 
geographical  blunder  substituted  for  another 
under  "  Tonquin  beans,"  which  are  obtained 
from  Guiana,  not  Guinea.  Of  other  errors  in 
this  article  it  must  suffice  to  mention  that 
common  "salt,"  here  said  to  be  not  a  salt  at 
all,  is  sometimes  instanced  in  chemical  text- 
books as  a  typical  salt. 

The  foregoing  lines  pretend  to  be  neither 
an  exhaustive  list  of  the  errors  to  be  found 
in  this  dictionary  nor  the  result  of  recondite 
researches.  These,  and  a  number  of  other 
misprints,  misreferences,  and  mistakes  in 
matters  of  fact  of  which  I  have  some  notes, 
are  inaccuracies  easily  detectible  on  testing 
articles  with  common  works  of  reference  and 
well-known  authorities.  It  is,  therefore,  all 
the  more  surprising  that  they  should  exist 
in  a  compilation  which  has  been  frequently 
reprinted  and  which  is  of  considerable  utility. 

J.  DORMER. 

Redmorion,  Woodside  Green,  S.E. 


ANONYMOUS  NOVELS.— In  his  entertaining 
*  At  the  Sign  of  the  Ship,'  in  Longman's  for 
this  month,  Mr.  Andrew  Lang  asks  who  is 
the  author  of  the  novels  'Restalrig;  or,  the 
Forfeiture,'  2  vols.,  1829  ;  and  '  St.  Johnstoun  ; 
or,  John,  Earl  of  Gowrie,'  1823,  3  vols.  It 
is  Mrs.  Eliza  Logan,  possibly  a  descendant 
or  relative  of  Sir  John  Logan,  supposedly 
implicated  in  the  Gowrie  conspiracy. 

H.  T. 

BRITAIN-  AS  "QUEEN  OF  ISLES."  (See  9th 
S.  v.  369.)— In  my  former  contribution  1775 
was  the  earliest  date  given  for  the  applica- 
tion to  this  country  of  the  term  u  Queen  of 
Isles ";  but  I  now  find  in  *  The  Secret  His- 


tory of  White-hall,  from  the  Restoration  of 
Charles  II.  Down  to  the  Abdication  of  the 
late  K.  James,'  by  D.  Jones,  published  in 
1697,  a  letter  dated  Paris,  28  February,  1677, 
in  which  it  is  observed  : — 

"  The  Great  Monarch  of  France  was  resolved  of 
nothing  less  than  the  Absolute  Conquest  of  that 
Queen  of  Islands,  that  had  so  long  domineered  over 
the  Sea." 

To  the  poetical  illustrations  of  its  use 
already  furnished,  I  may  add  a  patriotic 
song  of  1804  (given  in  Asperne's  'Collection 
of  Loyal  Papers')  entitled  'The  English 
Cooks  ;  or,  Britannia  the  Queen  of  the  Sea  1'' 
with  the  refrain  :— 

Great  Britain  will  never  attempt  at  promotion, 
Contented  alone  to  be  "  Queen  of  the  Sea." 

ALFRED  F.  ROBBINS. 

"  FORTUNE  FAVOURS  FOOLS."— This  proverb 
has  not  yet  been  brought  before  the  jury  of 
'  N.  &  Q.  R.  Lucas  in  his  '  Enquiry  after 
Happiness,'  1692,  part  i.  (second  edition), 
p.  64,  refers  to  "  our  English  proverb,  4  Fools 
nave  the  fortune.' "  Ben  Jonson  was  familiar 
with  it,  e.g.,  in  'Every  Man  out  of  his 
Humour,'  I.  i. : — 

Sog.    Why,  who  am  I,  sir  ? 

Mac.  One  of  those  that  fortune  favours. 

Car.  The  periphrasis  of  a  fool. 
Again,  the  Prologue  of  'The  Alchemist' 
begins  "Fortune,  that  favours  fools."  But 
it  occurs  earlier,  in  B.  Googe's  'Eglogs,'  1563 
(Arber,  1871),  p.  74,  u  Fortune  favours  fooles,  as- 
old  men  saye  " ;  so  that  it  was  then  regarded 
as  ancient.  In  Ray's  *  Proverbs '  (Bohn,  1855), 
p.  94,  and  in  Riley's  '  Diet.  Lat.  and  Greek 
Quot.'  (1871),  a  Latin  form,  "  Fortuna  favet 
fatuis,"  is  given  without  reference. 

BOOK  OF  LEGAL  PRECEDENTS,  1725-50. — 
There  has  lately  come  into  my  possession  a 
MS.  "Book  of  Precedents.  Josh.  Pitts,  1748." 
Apparently  it  is  the  private  note-book  of  a 
clerk  or  a  pupil  of  an  attorney,  Henry  Lare- 
more,  of  St.  Clement  Danes,  Strand.  Beyond 
the  technical  interest  of  the  typical  old  legal 
forms  of  correct  procedure,  with  its  exact, 
inclusive,  and  spacious  phraseology,  many  of 
the  middle-class  names  mentioned  may  be 
of  general  interest.  Four  apothecaries  are 
named  :  Samuel  Barr  (1739,  Harrow-on-the- 
Hill),  John  Wheeler  and  Thomas  Butler 
(1737,  partners,  Cheapside),  and  Thomas 
Smith,  father  of  Mary  Smith  (St.  Martin-in- 
the-Fields),  an  heiress  whose  marriage  settle- 
ment is  set  out  verbatim  (1742,  Jacob  Fowler, 
of  St.  Andrew's,  Holborn,  was  her  husband). 
A  dozen  attorneys  appear  :  Obadiah  Marryafc 
(St.  Clement  Danes),  Jos.  Waters,  Marryafc 


366 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       uo*  s.  n.  NOV.  5,  iw*. 


•Cooke,  Joseph  Marryat  (1743),  Robert  Phelps, 
Edward  Borrett  (1738),  Nathaniel  Sheffield 
<1737),  Edward  Smith  (1737),  Bazil  Herne 
<1742),  John  Poole  (1734),  William  Webb  (1741). 
Among  other  names  mentioned  are  :  Jona- 
than Alderton  (1735),  Edward  Jermegan 
(1738),  Zephaniah  Marryat,  D.D.  (1746), 
^Samuel  Potts  (1743),  Charles  Buxton  (1746), 
Thomas  Pitt,  M.P.  (1737,  Cornwall;  sued  by 
his  coachbuilder :  George  Walker),  Stephen 
Snatt  (yeoman,  Washington),  Charles  Flete- 
wood  (1739),  John  Brice(1741),  John  Pepper 
Medlicoat  (1736),  Bennet  Barber  (1736), 
Samuel  Chester  (1744,  Wilsdon),  Henry 
Marnham  Bristow  and  his  wife  (maiden 
name  Mary  Brittridge),  Henry  and  Sarah 
Harcourt  (Fulham),  Thomas  Napleton  (1733, 
Weybridge),  John  Owen,  William  Chamber- 
lain and  William  Belch  (1738,  "  Linnen 
Drapers "  in  partnership),  William  Bartlett 
{1729,  carpenter),  Dame  Mary  Levett  (1722, 
Bath).  The  dates  refer  to  the  last  mention 
made  of  the  name. 

There  is  a  reference  to  "Boyle's  Head, 
formerly  Stationer's  Alley,  Strand."  A  good 
portion  of  Mayfair  was  included  in  the 
marriage  settlement,  which  also  comprises 
estates  at  St.  Albans  and  Pattiswick.  Henry 
Laremore  was  the  solicitor  to  the  Independ- 
ents of  Ropemaker's  Alley,  Little  Moorfields. 
In  Dr.  Thomas  Gibbons's  '  Diary '  (1761,  Wed., 
1  July)  is  the  entry:  "Attended  the  settle- 
ment of  the  Revd.  Mr.  Joseph  Pitts  at  the 
late  Mr.  Halford's  place,"  i.e.,  Horsleydown. 
Was  this  our  scribe's  father  1  I  shall  be 
pleased  to  afford  further  information  to  per- 
sonal applicants.  STANLEY  B.  ATKINSON. 

10,  Adelphi  Terrace,  W.C. 

BROMLEY  COAT  OF  ARMS.— Recently  the 
College  of  Arms  has  granted  a  coat  of  arms 
to  the  borough  of  Bromley,  and  it  is  really  a 
very  appropriate  one.  It  may  be  described 
as  follows  :  Quarterly,  Gules  and  azure,  on  a 
fesse  wavy  argent  three  ravens  proper 
between,  in  the  first  quarter,  two  branches 
of  broom  slipped  of  the  third,  in  the  second 
a  sun  in  splendour,  in  the  third  an  escallop 
shell  or,  and  in  the  fourth  a  horse  forcene, 
also  argent ;  and  for  the  crest,  on  a  wreath 
of  the  colours,  upon  two  bars  wavy  azure 
and  argent,  an  escallop  shell  as  in  the  arms, 
between  two  branches  of  broom  proper.  The 
connexion  of  the  borough  with  the  ancient 
see  of  Rochester  is  brought  to  mind  by  the 
•escallop  shell,  and  the  broom  speaks  to  us  of 
the  derivation  of  the  name  Bromley.  The 
sun  in  splendour  is  typical  of  the  association 
of  bundridge  with  the  town,  while,  of  course, 
the  white  horse  is  the  crest  of  the  county  of 


Kent,  and  the  ravens  on  the  fesse  wavy 
argent  keep  the  Ravensbourne  in  mind.  The 
motto  is  "  Dum  cresco  spero,"  which  may  be 
translated  "  While  I  grow  I  hope,"  certainly 
very  appropriate  for  this  thriving  young 
borough,  the  future  of  which  may  be  desig- 
nated as  full  of  hope.  This  grant  of  arms 
seems  worthv  of  chronicling  in  the  pages  of 
4N.  &  Q.'  W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY. 

Westminster. 

*  TITUS  ANDRONICUS  '  ON  THE  STAGE.  (See 
ante,  pp.  299, 337.)— It  might  well  be  supposed 
that  no  one  alive  could  have  seen  'Titus 
Andronicus  '  on  the  stage,  but  MR.  PICKFORD 
is  quite  right  in  saying  that  the  play  was 
produced  by  Ira  Aldridge.  It  was  played  at 
the  Theatre  Royal,  Dublin,  in  the  winter 
season  of  1855-6,  when  Aldridge  was  fulfilling 
a  starring  engagement  there,  and  I  well 
remember  his  powerful  performance  of  Aaron, 
and  the  disgust  of  many  members  of  the 
company  at  having  to  study  and  assist  in  this 
most  horrible  play.  What  version  was  used 
I  cannot  say,  but  it  must  have  been  much  cut 
down,  for  Aldridge,  who  was  equally  good  in 
tragedy  and  in  comedy,  played  afterwards  in 
a  farce  called  *  The  Mummy,'  and  sang  the 
song  *  Possum  up  a  Gum  Tree.'  Whether 
Aldridge  ever  appeared  in  London  I  cannot 
say.  W.  E.  BROWNING. 

Inner  Temple. 

WILLIAM  BROWNE  OF  TAVISTOCK.  —  The 
revised  article  on  Browne  in  the  new  edition 
of  Chambers's  *  Cyclopaedia  of  English  Litera- 
ture' (1901)  would  be  considerably  better  for 
still  further  revision.  A  good  many  fresh 
facts  concerning  the  poet's  life  and  writings 
have  come  to  light  since  Mr.  W.  Carew 
Hazlitt  issued  his  edition  in  1868-9  in  a 
series  called  the  *'  Roxburghe  Library  "  (not 
"  Roxburghe  Club,"  as  the  reviser  states). 
Most  of  these  facts,  gleaned  from  first-hand . 
authorities,  together  with  three  new  sonnets 
from  the  Salisbury  Cathedral  MS.,  appeared 
in  the  "  Muses'  Library  "  edition  (1894).  Then 
a  letter  to  the  Academy  for  25  August,  1894, 
and  Mr.  F.  W.  Moorman's  admirable  treatise 
on  '  William  Browne :  his  "  Britannia's 
Pastorals  " '  (1897),  &c.,  should  not  have  been 
overlooked. 

I  am  not  aware  that  Browne's  "  Inner 
Temple  Masque"  was  "produced  at  court  in 
1620,"  as  stated  by  the  reviser.  What  is  his 
authority  ?  But  in  his  introduction  to  vol.  ii. 
of '  A  Calendar  of  the  Inner  Temple  Records,7 
1898,  pp.  xlii-xliii,  the  late  Mr.  F.  A.  Inder- 
wick,  K.C.,  gives  an  interesting  account  of  the 
performance  of  this  masque  in  the  Inner 


.  XL  NOV.  .-,,  190*.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Temple  hall,  which,  as  it  is  entirely  new,  I 
take  leave  to  reproduce  : — 

41  In  April,  1616,  George  Lowe,  the  chief  cook, 
petitioned  the  bench  for  some  compensation  to  be 
allowed  him  in  respect  of  his  chamber  in  the 
cloisters,  by  reason  that  *  a  great  part  thereof  and 
the  chimney  therein  was,  at  Christmas  was  a  twelve- 
month, broken  down  by  such  as  climbed  up  at  the 
windows  of  the  hall  to  see  the  mask  which  then 
was.'  This  entry  has  reference  to  the  winter 
festivities  of  1614-15,  when  on  the  13th  January  a 
very  graceful  entertainment,  called  'The  Inner 
Temple  Masque,'  written  with  much  poetic  feeling, 
and  free  from  the  grossness  which  contaminates 
many  productions  of  the  age,  was  given  in  the  Inner 
Temple  hall.  The  musicians  of  the  society  took 
part  in  the  performance,  and  there  were  several 
changes  of  scenery  effected  by  the  drawing  of  a 
curtain  across  the  stage  while  the  company  was 
being  entertained  by  a  song.  It  was  written 

-and  arranged  by  William  Browne  of  Tavistock 

The  revel  was  graced  by  the  presence  of  many  ladies, 
and  the  crowd  was  so  great  that  not  only  were  the 
hall  and  its  approaches  filled,  but,  as  we  learn, 
the  anxious  spectators  climbed  the  outer  sills  of 
the  \yindows  to  obtain  a  view  of  the  show  going  on 
within.  The  names  of  the  performers  are  not  given, 
but  they  were  members  of  the  Inn,  several  of  whom 
had  by  this  time  probably  gained  considerable 
•experience  in  this  kind  of  entertainment." 

Unlike  most  of  his  craft,  Browne  would 
seem  to  have  been  in  easy  circumstances. 
According  to  Anthony  Wood,  he  was  received 
into  the  household  of  the  Herberts  at  Wilton, 
and  there  "got  wealth,  and  purchased  an 
•estate."  Wood's  informant  was  Aubrey,  and 
it  may  be  as  well  to  cite  Aubrey's  exact 
words  : — 

'*  William  Browne,  who  wrote  the  '  Pastoralls,' 

whom  William,  earle  of  Pembroke,  preferr'd  to 

be  tutor  to  the  first  earle  of  Carnarvon  (Robert 
Dormer),  which  was  worth  to  him  5  or  6,000  li., 
i.e.,  he  bought  300  li.  per  annum  land."— *  Brief 
Lives,'  ed.  A.  Clark,  i.  312. 

GORDON  GOODWIN. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
•direct.  

SUPPRESSION  OF  DUELLING  IN  ENGLAND.— 
Being  much  interested  in  the  Anti-Duelling 
League  recently  formed  in  Austria  and  Ger- 
many, I  have  been  requested  by  its  represen- 
tatives to  obtain  information  on  the  following 
points,  and  should  be  exceedingly  grateful  to 
any  one  who  would  kindly  answer  my  ques- 
tions either  through  the  medium  of  '  N.  &  Q.' 
or  to  my  private  address  as  given  below. 

1.  Does  there  exist  any  work  treating  in 
reliable  and  exhaustive  fashion  of  the  sup- 


pression of  the  duel  in  England,  viz.,  contain- 
ing a  clear  exposition  of  the  ideas  and 
prejudices  regarding  the  so-called  "  point  of 
honour "  prevalent  in  English  society  up  to 
the  year  1850  or  thereabouts,  and  of  the 
means  which  proved  so  efficacious  in  exter- 
minating the  barbarous  practice  of  duelling 
within  a  relatively  short  space  of  time  ] 

2.  Upon   what  basis   was   the  then  Anti- 
Duelling  League  in  England  formed  ?    Who 
were  its    principal    champions?    and    what 
part  did  the  late  Prince  Consort  play  in  this 
matter  1 

3.  Any  information  regarding  the  forma- 
tion of  **  Courts  of  Honour  "and  of  the  results 
of  these  proceedings  would   be  most  grate- 
fully received. 

4.  In  what  precise  fashion  did  the  military 
authorities  use  their  influence   towards  this 
end  ?    And   would   it  be  possible  to  obtain 
authentic  copies  of  any  new  military  law  or 
laws  against  duelling  issued  at  this  period — 
say  between  1840  and  1850  ?       E.  GERARD. 

Neuling  Gasse  9,  Vienna,  III.,  3. 

ITALIAN  SCHOLAR  HOAXED.— Several  years 
ago  I  read  in  one  of  the  daily  papers  that  an 
Italian  scholar,  who  had  made  a  life  study  of 
inscriptions,  had  been  cruelly  hoaxed  by  a 
friend,  who  sent  him,  for  publication  in  his 
forthcoming  book,  a  tracing  of  what  seemed 
to  be  a  genuine  inscription,  giving,  in  the 
usual  way,  the  initial  or  first  two  or  three 
letters  of  words  followed  by  stops.  The 
scholar  fell  into  the  trap,  filled  up  the  appa- 
rent rgaps  left  by  his  friend,  and  published 
the  whole  as  a  real  Roman  inscription  in  his 
book.  After  the  publication  his  friend  in- 
formed him  that  the  letters  which  he  had  sent, 
if  pieced  together,  without  any  other  letters 
intervening,  would  read  in  Italian,  "If  you 

Eublish  this  you  are  an  ass."  The  scholar 
)lt  the  hoax  so  keenly  that  he  took  to  his 
bed  and  died  soon  afterwards.  As  the  news- 
paper gave  the  name  of  the  victimized  editor 
and  the  title  of  the  book,  and  we  had  the 
book  in  the  University  Library,  I  was  able  to 
see  the  inscription  and  the  Italian  phrase  as 
indicated  by  the  paper. 

I  am  now  anxious  to  recur  to  this  book  and 
its  ill-fated  inscription,  but  cannot  remember 
its  author  or  its  title.  Remembering  to  some 
extent  its  whereabouts  in  the  library,  I  have 
some  idea  that  it  must  be  Giandomenico 
Bertoli,  '  Le  Antichita  d'  Aquileja,'  Venezia, 
1739,  fol.,  as  this  work  answers  in  every  way 
to  the  impression  left  on  my  mind  as  to  its 
size,  binding,  contents,  and  place  in  the 
library.  But  it  would  be  a  serious  labour 
to  examine  all  the  inscriptions  in  this  book 


368 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [10*  s.  n.  NOV.  5, 190*. 


without  being  certain  of  finding  the  inscrip- 
tion in  question. 

I  have,  therefore,  recourse  to  the  invaluable 
*N.  &  Q.,'  iQ  the  hope  that  some  of  its  readers 
will  be  able  to  tell  me  whether  the  book 
mentioned  above  is  the  right  one,  and  if  so, 
on  what  page  I  can  find  the  inscription  ;  or, 
if  I  am  wrong,  the  title  of  the  real  book 
would  greatly  oblige.  Perhaps  the  Italian 
words  would  be  Se  pubbliche  questo,  sei  un 
asino.  J.  H.  HESSELS. 

Cambridge. 

HYDE  DE  NEUVILLE,  the  active  and  fear- 
less royalist  agent  of  the  time  of  the  Consulate 
and  the  Empire,  was  a  direct  descendant  of 
Edward  Hyde,  Earl  of  Clarendon.  A  note 
in  his  '  Memoires  et  Souvenirs '  says  he  was 
descended  from  Richard,  the  second  son 
of  Laurence  Hyde  ;  but,  according  to  the 
*D.N.B.,'  Laurence  Hyde  had  only  one  son 
who  survived  childhood — Henry,  afterwards 
fourth  and  last  Earl  of  Clarendon.  Which 
statement  is  correct  ?  Hyde  added  De 
Neuville  (an  estate  belonging  to  his  mother) 
to  his  name  to  give  it  a  French  sound.  With 
two  queens  in  the  family,  it  is  no  wonder  he 
was  a  royalist.  ROBERT  B.  DOUGLAS. 

64,  Rue  des  Martyrs,  Paris. 

LORD  HIGH  TREASURER'S  ACCOUNTS.— Can 
any  one  enlighten  me  as  to  the  meaning  of 
the  following  words,  which  occur  in  the 
accounts  of  the  Lord  High  Treasurer  of 
Scotland  ? 

1.  Ay  dye. — "  Rebatit    of    the    wecht    for 
aydye  tre  of  the  barrell  (of  gunpowder)  vi 
stane."    I  think  this  must  be  a  mistake  of 
the  clerk,   who  perhaps  wrote  it  from  dic- 
tation. 

2.  Burneis.— Taffety    to    "burneis"    horse 
caparisons. 

3.  Carcansonis    and    Carcransoun   grey. — 
This  is  probably  a   woollen  stuff  made  at 
Carcassonne,  in  France,  at  one  time  a  seat 
of  that  industry. 

4.  Maye.— Probably  another  stuff  used  for 
making  doublets  and  other  vestments. 

5.  Burris.—^  Rislis  blak  to  be  burris  to  ane 
pair  of  hois." 

6.  Kathit.—"  Ane  lang  kathit  hude  of  the 
Frenche  fassoun." 

7.  Powpenny.  — This    is   an    exceptionally 
curious  word.    *'  To  the  powpenny  delivered 
to  David  Lindsay,  Lyoun  Herald,  ane  croune 
of  wecht,  xxs"    This  is  in  connexion  with 
the  obsequies  of  Madeline  of  France,  the  first 
wife  of  King  James  V.    If  pmv  =  head   or 
poll,  can  it  have  any  connexion   with   the 
ancient  custom    of    putting    a   coin   in   the 
mouth  of  a  corpse  1  The  actual  value  of  this 


"  powpenny  "  was,  it  will  be  noticed,  as  much 
as  20s.  J.  B.  P. 

Edinburgh. 

[4.  Ray  is  fully  described  In  the  '  N.E.D.,'  both 
as  substantive  and  adjective,  with  quotations 
ranging  from  the  fourteenth  century  to  the  nine- 
teenth.] 

OXENHAM  EPITAPHS.— In  Ho  well's  'Familiar 
Letters '  I  find  the  following  : — 

"As  I  passed  by  St.  Dunstans  in  Fleet  Street  the 
other  Saturday  I  stepped  into  a  lapidiary  or  stone- 
cutter's shop  to  treat  with  the  master  for  a  stone 
to  be  put  up  upon  my  father's  tomb  ;  and  casting  my 
eyes  up  and  down,  I  might  spy  a  huge  marble  with 
a  large  inscription  upon  it,  which  was  thus  to  my 
best  remembrance : — 

"  '  Here  lies  John  Oxenham,  a  goodly  young  man,, 
in  whose  chamber,  as  he  was  struggling  with  the 
pangs  of  death,  a  bird  with  a  white  breast  was 
seen  fluttering  about  his  bed,  and  so  vanished. 

"'Here  lies  also  Mary  Oxenham,  the  sister  of 
the  said  John,  who  died  the  next  day,  and  the 
same  apparition  was  seen  in  the  room.' 

"  Then  another  is  spoke  of.    Then 

"  *  Here  lies  hard  by  James  Oxenham,  the  son  of 
the  said  John,  who  died  a  child  in  his  cradle  a  little 
after,  and  such  a  bird  was  seen  fluttering  about 
his  head  a  little  before  he  expired,  which  vanished 
afterwards.' 


"  To  all  these  be  divers  witnesses,  both  squires 
and  ladies,  whose  names  are  engraven  upon  the 
stone.  This  stone  is  to  be  sent  to  a  town  hard  by 
Exeter,  where  this  happened. 

"Westminster,  3  July,  1632." 

Can  any  one  say  if  the  stone  remains,  and 
where  ?  Perhaps  MR.  HEMS  may  know  some- 
thing of  this.  E.  MARSTON. 

LADY  ARABELLA  DENNY.— In  1792  the 
Royal  Irish  Academy  offered  a  gold  medal, 
value  one  hundred  guineas,  for  the  best 
monody  on  the  death  of  Lady  Arabella 
Denny.  The  medal  was  won  by  John 
Macauley,  M.R.I. A.  Can  any  one  give  me 
information  as  to  the  present  whereabouts  of 
this  medal,  or  of  any  drawing  or  description 
of  it  1  I  have  before  me  a  journal  of  travel, 
&c.,  written  by  Lady  A.  Denny,  and  edited, 
with  a  memoir  of  her  life,  by  Mrs.  A.  Percival, 
which  it  is  hoped  will  be  shortly  published. 
Any  matter  of  interest  suitable  for  incorpora- 
tion in  the  above  memoir  would  be  thankfully 
received  by  me.  (Rev.)  H.  L.  L.  DENNY. 

Queen  Street,  Londonderry. 

TITHING  BARN. —  Can  any  reader  of 
'  N.  &  Q.'  point  me  to  a  passage  in  history 
or  historical  fiction  describing  the  scene  at  a 
tithing  barn,  tenants  bringing  their  tithes  in 
kind?  J.  SPENCER  CURWEN. 

ARDEN  AS  A  FEMININE  NAME.  -  -  Two 
ancestresses  of  mine,  in  the  latter  half  of  the 


s.  ii.  NOV.  -,.  1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


369 


seventeenth  century,  were  named  Arden  anc 
Jocosa.  The  latter,  in  its  English  form  oi 
Joyce,  is  borne  by  a  baby  girl  of  my 
acquaintance.  The  former  I  have  never  seen 
elsewhere  as  a  feminine  name.  I  shall  be 
glad  if  any  one  can  tell  me  from  what  it 
is  derived,  and  what  is  its  meaning. 

HELGA. 

MEMORIAL  TABLETS  ON  HOUSES.  —  The 
requirements  of  modern  locomotion  are 
answerable  for  the  disappearance  of  the 
house  in  Upper  Baker  Street,  close  to 
Clarence  Gate,  Regent's  Park,  where  Mrs. 
Siddons  lived.  It  has  been  swallowed  up 
by  the  excavations  made  for  the  new  Baker 
Street  aid  Waterloo  Railway,  and  with  those 
walls  the  Society  of  Arts'  memorial  tablet  to 
the  famous  actress  has  gone  also. 

Is  the-e,  I  wonder,  any  other  instance  in 
the  metropolis  of  an  historic  residence  thus 
adorned  having  been  razed  to  make  room  for 
a  railway  station?  One  is  tempted  to  ask 
fur  tier,  What  has  become  of  this  memento  ? 
Is  *t  in  safe  custody  1  and  will  it  be  re- 
pla;ed  ?  If  so,  at  what  point  of  the  structure 
nov  being  erected  1 

Vhilst  upon  the  subject  of  mural  tablets, 

it  nay  be  permissible  to  register  a  hope  that 

inthese  days  of  demolition  often  ruthless  in 

ciy  and  suburb,  reverence  should  be  shown 

frr  such   esteemed   records.     Although   the 

.ctual    walls    wherein    the   illustrious   have 

jojourned   may  have  disappeared,  their  site 

remains.     It  must    always    be    possible    to 

reinstate  the  medallions  somewhere  thereon, 

with   modified   inscriptions   suitable   to  the 

change  of  circumstances.      CECIL  CLARKE. 

Junior  Athenseum  Club. 

GENEVIKVE  COLLECTION.— At  8th  S.  xi.  493 
mention  is  made  of  a  paper  on  'Thimbles,' 
by  the  late  Mr.  H.  Syer  Cuming,  which 
appeared  in  vol.  xxxv.  of  the  Journal  of  the 
British  Archaeological  Association.  In  that 
paper  he  refers  to  some  thimbles  in  the 
Genevieve  Collection.  Although  I  have 
hunted  everywhere,  I  am  unable  to  locate 
that  collection,  and  should  be  very  much 
obliged  to  any  reader  of  'N.  &  Q.'  for  in- 
formation that  would  enable  me  to  trace  it. 
HORACE  BOURNE. 

Lynton,  Bromley  Road,  Catford,  S.E. 

"PROPALE." — Was  this  word  in  common  use 
in  Scotland  at  the  beginning  of  the  eighteenth 
century  ?  I  possess  a  copy  of  '  A  Sermon  at 
the  Opening  of  the  Synod  of  Lothian  and 
Tweeddale  on  27  April,  1714,'  printed  at 
Edinburgh  in  that  year,  and  at  p.  42  the 
following  passage  occurs :  "  Rather  with 
godly  Shem,  to  throw  a  mantle  over  their 


father's  nakedness,  than  with  wicked  Ham 
to  flout  at  it  and  propale  it."  W.  S. 

"  HONEST  BROKER."— Who  was  the  "  honest 
broker"  who  is  frequently  referred  to  in 
newspaper  articles  and  the  like?  I  cannot 
find  him  mentioned  in  the  common  diction- 
aries of  quotations.  QUERIST. 

[Was  it  not  Prince  Bismarck?  It  is  generally 
used  in  connexion  with  him.]  » 

1  PROC^S  DBS  BOURBONS.'  —  In  a  book 
entitled  '  Les  Tuileries,  le  Temple,  le  Tribunal 
Revolutionnaire,  et  la  Conciergerie,'  published 
at  Paris  (Lerouge,  1814),  I  find  frequent 
reference  to  a  work  entitled  'Proces  des 
Bourbons '  (2  vols.  in  8vo).  Is  the  latter  work 
easily  accessible  ?  RICHARD  EDGCUMBE. 

33,  Tedworth  Square,  Chelsea. 

BELL-RINGING  ON  13  AUGUST,  1814.— In  the 
overseers'  accounts  of  a  small  rural  parish  in 
Warwickshire  appears  the  entry,  under  above 
date  :  "Paid  for  ale  for  the  ringers  by  order 
of  Mr.  Edwards  (Churchwarden),  ll.  8s."  If 
it  possessed  some  national  character,  can  any 
one  tell  me  what  was  the  occasion  of  this 
rejoicing?  R.  A.  H. 

WILLIAM  STANBOROUGH.— Can  your  readers 
tell  me  anything  of  William  Stan  borough,  of 
Canon's  Ashby  and  Ban  bury,  who  died  1646- 
1647,  and  is  supposed  to  have  been  buried  at 
Canon's  Ashby  Church,  Northants  ? 

(Miss)  UNA  MOORE. 

Holy  Cross  Vicarage,  24,  Argyle  Square,  W.C. 

PENNY  WARES  WANTED.  —  We  shall  be 
obliged  to  correspondents  who  will  help  the 
Dictionary '  to  early  instances  of  the  follow- 
ing :  penny  boat ;  penny  dreadful,  which  we 
lave  of  1875,  but  in  inverted  commas,  as  if 
a  quotation ;  penny  gaff,  before  18o6  ;  penny 
horrible,  before  1899  (we  have  halfpenny  hor- 
nble  of  1890) ;  penny  paper,  of  a  newspaper 
^the  phrase  is  already  used  by  Addison  in  a 
somewhat  different  sense) ;  penny  reading,  of 
which  we  have  an  instance  of  1883,  but  the 
name  is  remembered  in  the  sixties,  or  earlier ; 
penny  roll,  before  1848;  penny  steamer,  before 
1881 ;  and  penny -in- the- slot,  which,  I  beliere, 
came  first  into  vogue  with  machines  to  "  try 
your  weight,"  at  railway  stations  and  the 
ike.  Our  earliest  instance  at  present  is  1892, 
when  the  contrivance  was  well  known,  and 
Mr.  Gilbert's  opera  *  Mountebanks  '  had 

If  you  want  to  move  the  lot, 
Put  a  penny  in  the  slot. 

J.  A.  H.  MURRAY. 
Oxford. 


370 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  IL  NOV.  5,  IDOL 


WILLIAM  IIL's  CHARGERS  AT  THE 

BATTLE  OF  THE  BOYNE. 

(10th  S.  ii.  321.) 

WITH  reference  to  Viscount  Wolseley's 
unreliable  statement  on  the  above  subject,  I 
venture  to  point  out  that  at  p.  252  of  my 
much  prized  copy  of  that  delightful  book 
*The  Beauties  of  theBoyne  and  its  Tributary 
the  Blackwater,'  by  W.  R.  Wilde  (Dublin, 
James  McGlashan,  1849),  it  is  recorded  that 
King  William  plunged  into  the  Boyne  "  with 
Col.  Woolstey,"  and  passed  with  great  diffi- 
culty, "/or  his  horse  was  bogged  at  the  other 
side,  and  he  ivas  forced  to  alight,  till  a  gentle- 
man hefyed  him  to  get  his  horse  out"  As  to 
the  colour  of  the  horse,  according  to  a  large 
equestrian  portrait  of  William  at  the  Boyne, 
in  the  National  Portrait  Gallery,  it  was  black 
with  a  white  face. 

With  regard  to  Sir  W.  R.  Wilde,  he  was 
one  of  the  most  active  members  of  the  Royal 
Irish  Academy,  and  his  love  of  the  past  was 
an  enthusiasm.  In  everything  connected 
with  Ireland's  ancient  history,  traditions, 
literature,  and  relics,  he  was  inspired  with 
impassioned  fervour.  He  died  at  the  age  of 
sixty-one  in  1876. 

I  may  also  be  permitted  to  direct  attention 
to  the  fact  that  in  John  D'Alton's  '  History 
of  Drogheda '  (Dublin,  1844),  at  pp.  332-3,  it 
is  stated  that  Theobald  Mulloy,  a  captain  of 
dragoons,  when  William's  horse  "tvas  shot 
under  him,"  promptly  substituted  his  own. 
The  royal  recollection  of  the  incident  is 
evinced  in  a  letter  from  Secretary  Southwell, 
who  wrote  to  George  Clarke,  the  King's 
Secretary  of  War  in  Ireland  :— 

"  I  have  the  honour  to  entertain  his  Majesty  at 
my  house,  after  I  had  been  with  him  one  night  at 
sea.  He  lies  to-morrow  at  Badminton,  and  then 
hurries  away  for  London.  I  hope  you  had  what  I 
enclosed  you  to  my  Lord  Maryborough ;  I  fear  in 
that  hurry  I  forgot  to  undersign  it.  I  entreat  you 
to  put  my  name  thereto,  if  it  be  still  in  your  hands  ; 
and  this  was  the  last  command  I  had  from  his 
Majesty,  that  I  should  write  to  you  his  will  and 
pleasure  that  Captain  Mulloy  have  the  first  troop 
that  falls  in  Colonel  Wolseley's  regiment.  I  am 
doing  forty  things  at  once,  and  therefore  wonder 

3t  it  1  say  nothing,  but  ever  am,  sir,  yours,  &c." 

Robert  Southwell's  letter,  dated  at  King's 
Wotton,  in  1690,  after  William's  return  from 
Holland,  is  preserved  among  the  manuscripts 
in  Trinity  College,  Dublin.  The  italics  are 
mme-  HENRY  GERALD  HOPE. 

The  horse  referred  to  in  the  family  tra- 
dition mentioned  in  MR.  DALTON'S  quotation 
from  Burke's  'Commoners'  is  buried  at 
Mughestown,  co.  Roscommon,  Theobald  Mul- 


loy's  property,  now  in  my  possession.    The 
grave  is  marked  by  a  clump  of  trees. 

W.  H.  MULLOY,  Col.  (late  R.E.). 
With  reference  to  MR.  DALTON'S  remark 
that  William  III.  is  "generally  depicted 
riding  a  white  horse,"  I  can  corroborate  his 
statement  ^  so  far  as  concerns  a  canvas, 
58  in.  x  76  in.,  in  my  possession,  representing 
the  'Siege  of  Namur,'  by  Hughtenburg,  in 
which  the  king  appears  in  the  centre  of  a 
group  comprising  Prince  Eugene  and  Marl- 
borough.  H. 

The  fine  historical  picture  'The  Battle  of 
the  Boyne '  was  painted  by  Benjamin  West, 
and  engraved  by  John  Hall,  a  celebrated 
engraver  of  that  date.  The  inscription 
underneath  mentions  that  the  original 
painting  is  in  the  possession  of  ihe  Earl 
Grosvenor.  It  is  dedicated  to  George,  Prince 
of  Wales,  and  the  date  of  the  engraving  is 
1782.  The  figures  of  the  combatants  are 
spirited  ;  William  III.  is  mounted  on  a  vhite 
charger,  wearing  a  cuirass  of  polished  s\eel, 
and,  with  sword  in  hand,  beckoning  fiis 
soldiers  onward.  Perhaps  in  the  course  of 
the  eventful  day  he  might  have  had  twolor 
three  horses.  Macaulay,  in  the  sixteenth 
chapter  of  his  'History,'  gives  a  grapKc 
description  of  the  battle. 

It  was  announced  that  the  Duke  d 
Schomberg,  who  was  killed  in  the  battle, 
would  be  interred  in  Westminster  Abbey,  but 
for  some  reason  or  other  (perhaps  on  account 
of  the  great  distance)  the  corpse  found  a 
grave  in  St.  Patrick's  Cathedral  at  Dublin, 
and  an  unhonoured  one  too,  though  not 
unmarked.  Swift,  when  Dean  of  St.  Patrick's, 
after  remonstrating,  but  uselessly,  with  the 
descendants  of  the  duke,  at  length  erected  a 
simple  monument  at  his  own  expense  in  1731 
in  the  cathedral,  with  a  caustic  inscription 
upon  it,  which  thus  concludes  :  "  plus  potuit 
fama  virtutis  apud  alienos  quam  sanguinis 
proximitas  apud  suos,  A.D.  1731." 

This  I  have  seen  with  my  own  eyes,  and 
also  the  skull  of  the  brave  veteran,  which  is 
preserved  in  the  vestry  of  St.  Patrick's 
Cathedral,  but  why  taken  from  its  sepulchre 
I  cannot  say.  The  Countess  of  Holderness,  to 
whom  Swift  addressed  the  unavailing  letter, 
was  Frederica,  married  first  to  Robert  Davey, 
Earl  of  Holderness,  and  secondly  to  Benjamin 
Mildmay,  Earl  FitzWalter,  and  grand- 
daughter of  Frederick,  Duke  of  Schomberg. 
She  died  in  1751.  JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 


PURCELL'S  Music  FOR  '  THE  TEMPEST  ' 
(10th  S.  ii.  164,  270,  329).— It  is  quite  evident 
that  Reggio  set  only  one  '  Tempest '  song, 


io- s.  ii.  NOV.  5, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


371 


*'  Arise,  ye  subterranean  winds."    I  have  hi* 
printed  songs,  and  also  a  volume  of  songs  in 
his  autograph.    The  story  of  his  life  is  in 
teresting,  but  too  long  to  detail  in  *  N.  &  Q.' 
suffice  it  to  say  he  left  Oxford  and  settlec 
in    London,   where  he    was   patronized    b 
Charles  II.     He  died  on  23  July,  1685,  anc 
was  buried  in  St.  Giles  Vin-the-Fields,  London 

The  music  of  *  Psyche'  and  'The  Tempest 
were  published  together  in  one  volume,  with 
the  following  title  :  "  The  English  Opera,  or 
the  Vocal  Musick  in  Psyche,  with  the  instru- 
mental therein  intermix'd.  To  which  is 
adjoyned  the  instrumental  Musick  in  the 
Tempest.  By  Matthew  Lock,  Composer  in 
Ordinary  to  His  Majesty,  and  Organist  to  the 
Queen.  Licensed  1675.  Roger  L'Estrange." 

The  reference  in  the  preface  to  Draghi 
speaks  of  both  *  Psyche '  and  '  The  Tempest. 
The  music  of  *  Psyche'  fills  sixty -one  pages  of 
the  volume,  whilst  '  The  Tempest '  occupies 
only  fourteen,  and  is  entirely  instrumental. 
It  commences  on  p.  62  with  the  heading, 
"  The  instrumental  musick  used  in  the  Tem- 
pest." I  may  add  that  I  possess  two  copies 
of  the  book.  WILLIAM  H.  CUMMINGS. 

GERMAN  VOLKSLIBD  (10th  S.  ii.  327,  351).— 
Who  was  Edouard  von  Feuchtersleben  1 
The  person  mentioned  by  me  as  author  of 
<J  Es  ist  bestimmt,"  in  my  reply  which  was 
crowded  out,  was  Ernst,  Freiherr  von  Feuch- 
tersleben, a  physician  and  Under-Secretary 
of  State,  born  at  Vienna  1806,  died  there 
1849.  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

[MR.  JOHX  HEBB  also  refers  to  Ernst  von 
Feuchtersleben  as  the  author.] 

THOMAS  BEACH,  THE  PORTRAIT  PAINTER 
<10th  S.  ii.  285,  332).— I  have  a  portrait,  by 
Beach,  of  Signor  Tenducci,  the  Italian  singer 
and  composer:  canvas  30  in.  x24in.;  half- 
figure  to  left,  holding  a  music  book  in  his  left 
hand  ;  red  coat,  powdered  wig.  It  was 
painted  in  1782,  and  has  been  engraved  in 
mezzotint  by  W.  Dickinson.  H. 

THE  MUSSUK  (10th  S.  ii.  263,  329).— Is  not 
COL.  PRIDEAUX  unduly  hard  on  the  English  1 
He  accounts  for  the  Persian  mashk  and 
lihishti  appearing  in  our  language  as  mussuk 
and  bheesty  by  saying  that  we  seem  to  have  a 
difficulty  in  pronouncing  sh  before  a  con- 
sonant. For  the  defence  I  feel  bound  to 
point  out,  firstly,  that  a  similar  change  occurs 
between  vowels,  as  in  the  Anglo-Indian 
mussdlchee  (scullion)  from  Persian  mashdlchi  ; 
secondly,  that  in  most  of  the  Indian  dialects 
(not  only  Hindustani,  but  Bengali,  Sindhi, 
<fcc.)  the  sh  of  Persian  and  Arabic  loan-words 
is  colloquially  sounded  s,  so  that  it  seems 
fairest  to  look  upon  English  mussuk,  bheesty, 


arid  mussdlchee  as  faithful  copies  of  the  vulgar 
Hindustani  masak,  bhisti,  and  masdlchi.  The 
same  change  takes  place  initially,  e.g.,  shaitan 
(Satan),  shakar  (sugar),  and  sheikh  (elder) 
become  Hindustani  saitan,  sakar,  and  seikh. 
JAMES  PLATT,  Jun. 

4  RELIQULE   WOTTONIAN.E  '  (10th  S.  ii.  326). 

-The   words   "meiner  gavislich  ingedanck 

sein "    are    obviously    intended    for    meiner 

geiviszlich  in  Gedank  seyn — i.e.,  that  he  would 

"certainly  bear  me  in  mind." 

R.  E.  FRANCILLON. 

The  words  meiner  ganzlich  eingedenk 
sein  in  modern  German,  meaning  "to  be 
entirely  mindful  of  me,"  seem  to  explain  the 
expression  in  Wotton's  letter  of  21  April, 
1591.  Gavislich  must  be  a  misprint ;  and 
ingedanck  would  be  the  Middle  High  German 
for  eingedenk.  See  the  dictionary  of  C.  F. 
Grieb  arranged  by  Dr.  A.  Schroer. 

E.  S.  DODGSON. 

HEACHAM  PARISH  OFFICERS  (10th  S.  ii.  247, 
335).— MR.  J.  T.  PAGE'S  statements  regarding 
parish  constables  are  correct,  and  will  be  of 
service  to  some  of  those  who  read  his  reply, 
for  a  baseless  opinion  is  held  by  many  that 
the  office  of  parish  constable  has  been  ren- 
dered useless  by  the  creation  of  the  county 
police  force.  In  Lincolnshire  it  is  sometimes 
the  duty  of  the  parish  constable  to  collect 
the  rate  levied  by  the  Court  of  Sewers  for 
keeping  in  order  certain  drains.  If  his  office 
were  abolished,  it  is  probable  that  in  some 
cases  an  Act  of  Parliament  would  have  to  be 
obtained  before  this  money  could  be  legally 
gathered.  A  COMMISSIONER  OF  SEWERS. 

Y  (10th  S.  ii.  186,  316).— It  would  take  up  a 
very  great  deal  of  space  to  give  the  history 
of  the  use  of  y  in  English.  I  merely  here 
Briefly  indicate  some  of  the  results. 

In  Anglo-Saxon  the  sounds  of  i  and  ?/  were 
originally  distinct ;  the  latter  represented  the 
sound  of  the  modern  G.  ii,  which  was  also  the 
tound  into  which  the  old  Greek  u  (originally 
ihe  u  in  full)  had  already  passed  at  so  early 
i  date  that  the  symbol  y  was  introduced  into 
;he  Latin  alphabet  in  order  to  represent  it. 
The  oldest  Latin  had  neither  the  symbol  nor 
the  sound.  Hence  the  French  name  ygrec  is 
appropriate. 

In  MSS.  of  Alfred's  time  the  symbols  i 
nd  y  are  usually  correctly  used  to  discrimi- 
nate between  the  two  sounds,  according  to 
he  etymology.  See  Sweet's  edition  of  Alfred's 
ranslation  of  Gregory's  *  Pastoral  Care.' 
In  later    Anglo-Saxon    the   sounds    were 
sometimes  confused,  and   the  symbols  were 
accordingly  wrongly  used.    Thus  I  open  my 


372 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  n.  NOV.  5, 1904. 


edition  of  Alfric's  '  Lives  of  the  Saints,'  and 
find  on  p.  12  synd  for  sind  (they  are)  and 
gyfende  for  gifende  (giving).  Familiarity  with 
MSS.  will  convince  a  reader  that  there  was 
a  special  tendency  to  write  y  for  i  before  or 
after  the  letters  u,  m,  and  n ;  obviously  for 
the  sake  of  the  greater  distinctness. 

The  original  difference  of  sound  between 
y  and  i  survived  after  the  Conquest  in  some 
dialects  ;  but  in  many  they  were  completely 
confused  under  the  common  sound  of  i.  The 
tendency  then  was  to  utilize  the  two  forms 
as  far  as  possible  for  making  convenient  dis- 
tinctions. Thus  the  scribe  of  the  Ellesmere 
MS.  of  Chaucer's  'Canterbury  Tales'  has 
bigynne  for  biginne  (for  distinctness)  ;  and  so 
also  ey  for  ei,  as  veyne  (vein) ;  oy  for  oi,  as  in 
poynt  (point).  It  is  also  used  finally,  as  in 
specially,  wey  (way),  array,  a  practice  which 
is  still  usual.  But  he  makes  a  further  use 
of?/,  in  order  to  indicate  that  the  vowel  is 
long  ;  hence  we  have  ryde,  ivyde,  syde,  wyped, 
just  as  in  old  Dutch  books  we  have  ryden  (to 
ride),  which  modern  Dutch  has  replaced  by 
rijden. 

But  the  triumph  of  y  is  to  be  found  in 
Caxton.  In  the  Prologue  to  his  *  History  of 
Troy '  we  find  not  only  euery,  ivyse,  ydlenes, 
and  the  like,  but  also  y  for  i  quite  needlessly, 
as  in  counceyll,  nourysshar,  whyche  alternat- 
ing with  ivhiche,  and  hyt  with  hit,  thenvyth, 
&c.  And  generally  there  is  a  great  run  upon 
y  in  early  prints.  Such  spellings  as  tyger, 
myld,  in  Spenser,  frequently  indicate  that  the 
vowel  is  long.  Hence  arose  tyro  for  tiro,  the 
objection  to  which  is  that  we  now  pretend 
that  we  spell  words  according  to  their  etymo- 
logy. Yet  when  we  shorten  attire  to  tire, 
many  of  us  write  tyre  ! 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

DUCHESS  SARAH  (10th  S.ii.  149,  211,  257).— 
I  am  obliged  to  COL.  PRIDEAUX  for  amplify- 
ing the  information  I  gave  of  Frances 
Jennings,  sister  to  Duchess  Sarah.  I  could 
have  furnished  such  particulars  of  her  first 
marriage  as  are  set  forth  in  Burke's  *  Peerage ' 
(ed.  1897,  p.  2)  and  in  Mrs.  Thomson's 
1  Memoirs  of  Sarah,  Duchess  of  Maryborough ' 
(i.  196) ;  but  I  do  not  regret  having  omitted 
to  do  so,  as  COL.  PRIDEAUX  has  supplied 
many  dates  which  are  not  obtainable  there- 
from. 

With  reference  to  the  issue  of  Frances  by 
her  first  marriage,  it  may  perhaps  be  of  in- 
terest to  record  that  the  first  Viscount  Rosse, 
who  died  1702,  had  by  Elizabeth  Hamilton, 
his  third  wife,  two  sons  and  three  daughters, 
the  elder  son  becoming  second  Viscount  on 
the  death  of  his  father  (Burke,  1897,  p.  1249) ; 


and  that  Henry,  eighth  Viscount  Dillon,  had 
by  Frances  Hamilton  one  son,  who  succeeded 
him  (Burke,  1897,  p.  449). 

The  second  marriage  of  Frances,  Viscountess 
Dillon,  with  Patrick  Bellew  (who  was  the 
eldest  son  and  heir  of  Sir  John  Bellew,  second 
baronet)  is  duly  recorded  by  Burke  (1897, 
p.  449);  but  he  makes  no  mention  of  such 
marriage  at  p.  134  of  the  same  edition,  where 
it  is  simply  stated  that  Patrick  Bellew  died 
s.p.  v.p.,  12  June,  1720. 

Sir  George  Hamilton,  the  first  husband 
of  Frances  Jennings,  died  in  1667  (Burke, 
1897,  p.  2). 

COL.  PRIDEAUX  omitted  to  mention  in  his 
first  communication  that  Duchess  Sarah's 
sister  Barbara  Griffith  had  an  only  child, 
Barbara,  who  died  23  July,  1678  ('Althorp 
Memoirs,'  by  Mr.  G.  Steinman  Steinman^ 
p.  50). 

It  is  curious  that  Burke,  in  recording 
Frances  Jennings's  second  marriage,  makes 
no  reference  to  her  first  marriage,  simply 
describing  her  as  Frances,  eldest  daughter 
and  co-heir  of  Richard  Jennings,  Esq.,  &c. 
(ed.  1897,  p.  1413). 

With  reference  to  the  late  Mr.  G.  Steinman 
Steinman,  he  doubtless  was  a  "  distinguished 
genealogist,"  but  it  is  strange  that  with  his 
"love  of  accuracy"  he  should  have  omitted 
any  mention  of  Sarah's  brother  Richard 
Jennings.  I  think  that  the  following  (see 
'Duchess  Sarah,'  by  Mrs.  Colville,  p.  362, 
Appendix  I.)  may  be  accepted  as  conclusive 
evidence  that  Sarah  had  not  only  one,  but 
two  brothers,  of  the  name  of  Richard  : — 

"  A  copy  of  St.  Alban's  Abbey  Register,  showing 
date  of  Sarah's  birth. 


Richard  Jennings  =  Frances. 


I  I  I  I  I 

Richard  Richard  Susana  Rafe  Sarah 

Jennings,  Jennings,  Jennings,  Jennings,  Jennings, 

bap.  bap.  born  born  born 

July  5,  Oct.  12,  July  11,  Oct.  16,  June  5, 

1653,  1654.  1656,  1657,  1660, 

buried  bap.  bap.  bap. 

Aug.  6,  July  19,  Oct.  20,  June  17, 
1655  (?). 


1656. 


1657. 


This  copy  of  the  register  disproves,  too,. 
Mr.  Steinman's  statement,  also  made  by  Mrs. 
Thomson  in  the  work  above  alluded  to  (i.  9), 
that  Sarah  was  born  on  29  May,  1660. 

COL.  PRIDE AUX'S  statement  that  Frances* 
Duchess  of  Tyrconnel,  was  in  her  eighty-third 
year  at  the  time  of  her  decease,  and  not  ninety- 
two  as  given  by  Burke  (ed.  1897,  p.  1413),  is 
confirmed,  supposing  she  was  born,  as  is  mosfc 
probable,  in  1648,  by  the  account  of  her  death 
given  in  the  'Diet. Nat. Biog.,'  lv.336,  which 
states  that  "she  fell  out  of  bed  on  a  cold 
night  in  the  early  spring  of  1730-31,  and  died 


10*  s.  ii.  NOV.  5,  low.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


373 


of  exposure,  being  too  weak  to  rise  or  call.' 
I  have  no  record  of  the  date  of  her  birth,  and 
both  Burke's  'Peerage,'  1897,  and  Burke's 
*  Landed  Gentry,'  ed.  1846,  p.  648,  are  silent 
on  the  point. 

I  would  venture  to  point  out  that  the 
reference  to  Manning  and  Bray's  'History 
of  Surrey'  given  by  Mr.  Steinman  in  the 
'Althorp  Memoirs,'  as  mentioned  by  COL. 
PRIDEAUX,  relates  to  a  period  of  the  history 
of  the  Jennings  or  Jenyns  family  not  touched 
on  by  the  inquiry  of  MR.  W.  J.  KAYE.  I 
regret  that  I  have  had  no  opportunity  of 
inspecting  the  pedigree  at  the  College  of 
Arms  referred  to  by  Mr.  Steinman,  from 
which  doubtless  COL.  PRIDEAUX  obtained  the 
date  of  Frances  Jennings's  birth. 

As  an  example  of  how  genealogists  differ, 
I  would  draw  attention  to  the  statement  of 
Mr.  Steinman  ('Althorp  Memoirs,'  p.  58)  that 
Sarah's  aunt  who  married  Francis  Hill,  and 
was  mother  of  Abigail,  Lady  Masham,  was 
Elizabeth  Jennings ;  whilst  Mrs.  Colville 
('Duchess  Sarah,'  p.  360)  refers  to  Mrs.  Hill 
as  another  sister,  not  Elizabeth,  of  Sarah's 
father  Richard  Jennings. 

Again,  Burke  (1897,  p.  977)  makes  no  men- 
tion of  the  birth  of  Sarah's  youngest  son 
Charles,  born  19  August,  1690,  at  St.  Albans, 
which  is  recorded  by  Mrs.  Colville  (*  Duchess 
Sarah,'  p.  88). 

When  genealogists  disagree  it  is  very 
difficult  to  ascertain  which  vstatement  is  most 
correct.  For  myself,  as  Mrs.  Colville  is  a 
descendant  of  Sarah's,  and  so  more  likely 
than  other  writers  to  have  been  in  a  position 
to  obtain  accurate  details  of  the  family  of 
her  ancestress,  I  am  disposed  to  place  greater 
reliance  upon  her  statements  than  upon  the 
records  of  other  authorities. 

FRANCIS  H.  HELTON. 

9,  Broughton  Road,  Thornton  Heath. 

_  QUOTATIONS,  ENGLISH  AND  SPANISH  (10th  S. 
ii.  308). —The  Spanish  couplet  inquired  about 
is  folk-poetry,  and  cannot  be  assigned  to  any 
particular  author.  It  is  from  the  collection 
of  F.  Rodriguez  Marin,  'Cantos  Populares 
Espailoles,'  Seville,  1882.  There  is  a  trans- 
lation of  it  by  Mr.  J.  W.  Crombie,  printed  in 
his  charming  little  book  *  Poets  and  People 
of  Foreign  Lands,'  1890,  which  is  better,  I 
think,  than  that  quoted  by  MR.  MITCHINER  : 

Deep  in  my  soul  two  kisses  rest, 
Forgot  they  ne'er  shall  be : 

The  last  my  mother's  lips  impressed, 
The  first  I  stole  from  thee  ! 

JAMES  PL  ATT,  Jun. 

Is  there  not  a  slip  in  the  first  line  of  the 
Spanish  verse  ?  "  Dod  "  should  be  Dos. 


The  translation  of  the  third  and  fourth 
lines  is  a  little  faulty,  I  think,  and  should 
read 

The  last  which  I  had  from  my  mother, 
And  the  first  which  1  had  from  thee. 

The  two  kisses  could  not  be  within  his  sou) 
if  he  gave  them  :  he  received  them. 

E.  A.  FRY. 

EXCAVATIONS  AT  RICHBOROUGH  (10th  S.  ii. 
289). -Canon  Routledge,  one  of  the  trustees 
of  the  Richborough  excavations,  would  per- 
haps be  able  to  afford  the  desired  information- 
MR.  CANN  HUGHES  is  probably  aware  that 
there  is  much  information  with  regard  to  th& 
Richborough  excavations  (notably  a  paper 
by  Mr.  George  Dowker,  F.G.S.,  on  'Excava- 
tions at  Richborough  in  1887 ')  in  Archceo- 
logia  Cantiana.  See  vols.  vii.,  viii.,  x.,  xviii., 

&C.  J.    HOLDEN   MAC'MlCHAEL. 

There  is  a  short  description  and  history 
of  Richborough,  compiled  by  VV.  D.,  chiefly 
from  the  works  of  the  late  C.  Roach  Smith, 
F.S.A.,  and  G.  Dowker,  F.G.S.,  and  from 
papers  published  in  the  Archceologia  Can- 
tiana. It  contains  a  diagram,  &c.,  and  is 
printed  at  Keble's  Gazette  office,  Margate,  at 
the  price  of  threepence. 

H.  W.  UNDERDOWN. 

[The  REV.  A.  HUSSEY  also  refers  to  the  late  Mr. 
Dowker's  articles.  ] 

PARISH  CLERK  (10th  S.  ii.  128,  215).— The- 
old  clerk  of  Clapham,  Bedford,  Mr.  Thomas 
Maddams,  always  used  to  read  his  own  ver- 
sion of  Ps.  xxxix.  12,  "Like  as  it  were  a 
moth  fretting  in  a  garment."  Apparently 
his  idea  was  of  a  moth  annoyed  at  oeing  in  a 
garment,  from  which  he  could  not  escape. 

Oxo. 

A  guild  of  parish  clerks  was  founded  so 
far  back  as  17  Henry  III.  (1233),  under  the 
title]  of  the  Fraternity  of  St.  Nicholas,  and 
known  as  such  until  1611,  when  it  was  re- 
incorporated  or  more  fully  chartered .  Some 
further  details  may  be  seen  by  referring  to 
1st  S.  viii.  341,  452  ;  2nd  S.  i.  295  ;  and  also  in 

work  entitled  'The  Endowed  Charities  of 
London,'  1829,  royal  8vo,  pp.  289-90. 

The  following,  culled  from  the  Livei*poot 
Daili/  Post  of  20  October,  may  be  worth 
recording  : — 

"  A  parish  clerk  (who  prided  himself  upon  being 
well  read)  occupied  his  seat  below  the  old  '  three- 
decker'  pulpit,  and  whenever  a  quotation  or  an 
extract  from  the  classics  was  introduced  into  the 
sermon  he,  in  an  undertone,  muttered  its  source 
— much  to  the  annoyance  of  the  preacher  and 
amusement  of  the  congregation.  Despite  all  pro* 
tests  in  private,  the  thing  continued,  until  one  day. 
the  vicar's  patience  being  exhausted,  he  leaned 


•374 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       do*  s.  n.  NOV.  5,  im. 


over  the  pulpit  side  and  impulsively  exclaimed, 
*  Drat  you ;  shut  up  ! '  Immediately,  in  the  clerk's 
usual  sententious  tone,  came  the  reply,  '  His  own.'" 

WM.  JAGGARD. 

"A  SHOULDER  OF  MUTTON  BROUGHT  HOME 
JFROM  FRANCE"  (10th  S.  ii.  48, 158,  236,  292).— 
I  remember  the  corkcutter's  shop  in  East- 
cheap and  the  model  referred  to  by  GNOMON, 
but  at  a  more  recent  period — it  must  have 
been  in  the  late  fifties— and  I  am  able  to 
supply  a  copy  of  the  song,  which  is  to  be 
found  in  the  Vocal  Magazine  for  April,  1815. 
It  is  entitled  'A  Man  ran  away  with  the 
Monument,'  and  is  described  as  "Sung  by 
Mr.  Grimaldi  with  great  applause,  in  London, 
or  Harlequin  and  Time ;  at  Sadler's  Wells 
'Theatre1':— 
A  story  I  've  heard  in  my  youth, 

You  '11  judge  if  it 's  serious  or  funny  meant ; 
J  don't  mean  to  vouch  for  its  truth — 

Once  a  man  ran  away  with  the  Monument ; 
Away  like  a  colt  scamper'd  he, 

The  watchmen  they  saw  him  and  follow'd  it ! 
:So,  lest  he  detected  should  be, 

He  made  but  one  gulp  and  he  swallowed  it ! 

Ri !  tol ! 
'The  watchmen,  while  searching  him  at— 

One  's  credence  it  almost  would  shock  it,  sir  ! 
They  found  Aldgate  Pump  in  his  hat, 

Gog  and  Magog  were  in  his  coat  pocket,  sir. 
For  this  thief  never,  sure,  was  a  match  : 

In  his  fob  he  had  put  without  scruple-a 
The  clock  of  St.  Paul's  for  a  watch, 

To  which  for  a  seal  hung  the  cupola  ! 
Ri !  tol ! 

They  took  him  before  the  Lord  Mayor, 

Who  ask'd  him  what  he  'd  got  to  say  to  it ; 
But  facts  were  so  glaring  and  fair, 

He  hadn't  the  face  to  say  nay  to  it ; 
•So  resolv'd  to  gain  freedom  no  doubt, 

'Scape  Justice  and  all  those  she  call'd  her  men, 
He  just  spit  the  Monument  out, 

Which  knock'd  down  the  mayor  and  the  aldermen  ! 
Ri!  tol! 

WM.  DOUGLAS. 
125,  Helix  Road,  Brixton  Hill. 

With  reference  to  the  model  of  the  man 
running  away  with  the  Monument,  mentioned 
by  GNOMON  as  having  been  on  view  about 
1830-40  in  a  shop  in  Eastcheap,  I  have  in  my 
nursery  an  old  coloured  print  published  in 
1778  by  N.  C.  Goodnight,  engraver,  No.  14, 
Great  Warner  Street,  Coldbath  Fields,  Lon- 
don. It  is  marked  No.  45,  and  is  one  of  a 
series,  of  which  I  have  others.  It  represents 
the  musical  cat  and  dancing  cow,  and  six 
other  subjects.  The  centre  one  occupies  the 
whole  length  of  the  print,  and  shows  a  red, 
eight-arched  bridge  with  "London  Bridge" 
above  it,  towards  which  a  man,  with  a  look 
of  pain — face  turned  towards  pursuers — is 
running,  carrying  on  his  right  shoulder  a 
representation  of  the  Monument,  over  which 


"  The  man  running  away  with  the  Monu- 
ment." Closely  following  is  a  watchman  with 
scroll  from  mouth,  in  which  "  I  am  out  of 
breath,  I  can  run  no  more."  He  is  followed 
by  a  second  watchman,  saying,  "Let  him 
run  ever  so  fast  I'll  be  up  with  him."  A 
third  man  is  evidently  some  one  of  importance. 
He  remarks,"  There  he  goes  !  Run  hard, man  !" 
The  last  figure  is  a  watchman,  holding  a 
lantern  like  his  fellows.  His  expression 
appears  to  be  the  key  to  the  riddle,  and  to 
refer  to  some  person,  or  act,  evidently  well 
known,  "  Why  the  Monument  is  but  a  fea- 
ther to  him."  I  think  from  this  plate  the 
idea  of  the  Eastcheap  model  was  taken. 

What  is  the  origin  of  the  man  running 
away  with  the  Monument  ? 

HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 

GRIEVANCE  OFFICE  :  JOHN  LE  KEUX  (10th 
S.  ii.  207).— In  the  'Calendar  of  Treasury 
Papers,'  under  date  October,  1715,  there  is 
mention  of  a  report  of  the  Commissioners  of 
Customs  to  the  Lords  of  the  Treasury  con- 
cerning the  running  of  French  silks  which 
have  not  paid  duty.  The  practice  is  to  be 
stopped  in  the  interest  of  English  weavers, 
and  the  proposal  is  to  nominate  certain 
members  of  the  Weavers'  Company  for  the 
purpose  of  seizing  such  goods.  A  certain 
Mr.  Le  Keux,  of  the  said  company,  is  con- 
sulted as  to  the  best  method  of  preventing 
this  running  of  foreign  silks.  However,  his 
report  is  not  agreed  to  by  the  Commissioners, 
inasmuch  as  the  giving  of  extraordinary 
commissions  to  persons,  not  officers  of  Cus- 
toms, for  such  seizure  may  be  detrimental 
to  the  revenue  and  injurious  to  trade. 

In  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for  1733,  in 
the  list  of  bankrupts,  appears  the  name  of 
John  Lekeux,  "  of  London,  merchant." 

In  my  search  I  have  met  with  very  few 
notices  of  this  name.  The  following  may  be 
worth  recording  in  *  N,  &  Q.' : — 

Gentleman's  Magazine. -1713.  Deaths.  June  26th. 
Peter  Lekeux,  of  Spittle  fields,  Esq. 

Ditto,  1788.  Marriages.  Oct.  28th.  Keane  Fitz- 
gerald, Esq.,  of  the  Inner  Temple,  to  Miss  Le  Keux, 
of  Sydenham. 

'  Musgrave's  Obituary.' — Mary  Lekeux,  relict  of 
Peter  Lekeux,  Spital-fields.  May,  1788.  (European 
Mag.,  384.) 

Ditto,  Peter  Lekeux,  Justice  of  Peace  for  the 
Tower  Hamlets.  2  April,  1723.  ('Pol.  State  of 
Grt.  Brit.,'  xxv.  464.  '  Hist.  Register,  Chron.,'  16.) 

In  the  'D.N.B.'  lives  of  the  engravers  John 
Le  Keux  (1783-1846)  and  his  brother  Henry 
Le  Keux  (1787-1863)  are  given.  They  are 
said  to  be  the  sons  of  Peter  Le  Keux  by 
Anne  Dyer  his  wife.  This  man  was  a  pewter 
manufacturer,  and  is  called  "the  represen- 
tative of  a  large  and  flourishing  Huguenot 


I.NOV.5.19M.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


375 


family."  John  Le  Keux  had  a  son,  born 
<;.  1812,  named  John  Henry,  who  was  also 
an  engraver.  In  the  '  Dictionary  of  Bio- 
graphy and  Mythology,'  by  J.  Thomas,  the 
pronunciation  of  the  name  is  given  thus — 
leh-kooks.  CHR.  WATSON. 

[MR.  HARRY  HEMS  also  refers  to  the  engravers 
Le  Keux.] 

CURIOUS  CHRISTIAN  NAMES  (10th  S.  i.  26, 
170,  214,  235).— MR.  PLATT  may  like  to  know, 
with  reference  to  his  statement  at  the  last 
reference  that  Fagundes  is  not  a  Christian 
name,  but  a  patronymic,  that  I  have  found 
in  the  register  of  Cornell  University  these 
two  names— Euclides  Fagundes  and  Fagundes 
Fagundes.  In  the  latter  case  it  is  evidently 
used  both  as  a  patronymic  and  as  a  Christian 
name  in  the  same  manner  as  the  English 
James  James  and  Thomas  Thomas. 

CHARLES  BUNDY  WILSON. 

The  State  University  of  Iowa,  Iowa  City. 

In  a  church  in  Worcestershire  is  a  tablet 
erected  by  Apollonia ;  and  in  the  churchyard 
adjoining  a  stone  to  the  memory  of  a  Melita. 
In  St.  Mary's  Church,  Shrewsbury,  on  a 
tablet  of  the  seventeenth  century,  Josima  is 
mentioned.  In  my  own  village  there  lived 
A  Marinda,  whom  I  believe  to  have  been  a 
transmogrified  Miranda.  HELGA. 

These  are  from  the  register  of  St.  Leonard's, 
Bridgnorth.  Males:  Abdon,  1748;  Mungo, 
1750;  Prince  Charles,  1749  ;  Nebuchadnezzar, 
1747 ;  Doctor,  1753 ;  Hughkin,  1759 ;  Dodo, 
1789;  Neptune,  1789.  Females:  Mullina, 
1745;  Athania,  1746;  Antilles,  1749;  Bethia, 


1777  ;  Hallelujah,  1786. 

From  the  register  of  Shifnal,  Salop,  are 
Epinetus,  1742,  and  Marsilla,  1745. 

G.  S.  PARRY,  Lieut.-Col. 

I  may  add  two  unusual  names  in  our 
family,  namely,  Unity,  as  a  female  name, 
which  has  more  than  once  occurred,  and 
Justly  (originally,  I  believe,  Deal  Justly), 
still  existent  in  it. 

In  1854  twins  born  on  board  Mr.  R.  Green's 
ship  Nile  (Capt.  E.  P.  Nisbet)  were  chris- 
tened Nisbet  Nile  and  Jessie  Nilena  Thomp- 
son. T.  AWDRY. 

Church  House,  Salisbury. 

[We  cannot  devote  more  space  at  present  to  this 
subject] 

STORMING  OF  FORT  MORO  (10th  S.  i.  448,  514  ; 
11.  93,  175,  256,  313).— Looking  into  an  Army 
List  of  1791,  I  find  at  p.  316  an  Ensign 
James  Wiggins  among  officers  of  the  90th 


Regiment  on  the  English  half -pay  list.  This 
regiment  took  part  in  the  storming  of  Fort 
Moro,  and  was  disbanded  in  1763.  I  find 
also,  at  p.  377,  among  officers  of  the  73rd  Foot 
on  the  Irish  half-pay  list,  Lieut.  Charles 
Higgins  ;  and  at  p.  390  Lieut.  Hugh  Higgins, 
of  the  Marine  Forces,  on  half-pay.  The  73rd 
Regiment  was  disbanded  in  1763.  W.  S. 

ISABELLINE    AS    A    COLOUR   (10th   S.  i.    487  ; 

ii.  75,  253).— There  are  five  mistakes  in  the 
last  article  on  this  subject : — 

1.  The   Port,  word    is    not    zibellino,    but 
zebelina. 

2.  The  Span,   word   is  not    zibellino,    but 
cebellina. 

3.  The  letter  i  cannot  be  prefixed    to  a 
mere  z  ;   and  it  is  not  a  F.  prefix,  but  an 
Italian  one. 

4.  The  prefix  *  or  e  in  Italian,  or  e  (not  i) 
in  French,  is  only  used  before  a  double  con- 
sonant,  of    which  the   former  is  s  :   chiefly 
before  sc,  sp,  st,  str.    The  use  of  the  prefix  is 
euphonic,  because  these  sounds  are  difficult. 
There  is  no  difficulty  about  initial  s  or  z 
immediately  followed  by  a  vowel. 

5.  The  chronology  is  wrong,  as  shown  in 
the   'New  English    Dictionary,'  which    has 
been  neglected  yet  once  more,  as  usual.    For 
"  Isabella-colour  "  occurs  in  July,  1600,  before 
the  siege   of  Ostend,    whereas  the  earliest 
quotation  for  Isabelline  is  dated  1859  !    The 
Latin  Isabellinus  goes  back  to  1835. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

Since  sending  my  last  letter,  I  have 
come  across  zebelah  as  a  variant  of  Isabella 
colour  in  a  catalogue  of  the  dresses  belonging 
to  the  wife  of  Endyinion  Porter,  the  well- 
known  courtier  of  Charles  I.,  dating  from 
about  1626,  and  printed  in  'Home  Life  under 
the  Stuarts ':  "a  gown  of  zebela  colour."  I  see 
4  N.E.D.'  pronounces  the  story  of  the  Arch- 
duchess Isabella  to  be  chronologically  im- 
possible, as  "a  gown  of  Isabella  colour  "  is 
mentioned  in  an  inventory  of  Queen  Eliza- 
beth's wardrobe  dating  from  July,  1600,  and 
the  siege  of  Ostend  lasted  1601-4.  This 
story  is  also  denied  in  Littre's  French 
dictionary,  where  the  first  quotation  given 
for  "Isabelle"  (worn  at  a  tournament  at 
Turin)  is  dated  1619.  In  view  of  the  fact  that 
orange  was  the  colour  of  pur  own  Parlia- 
mentarians during  the  Civil  War,  it  is 
interesting  to  note  that  Littre  mentions  that 
Isabella- coloured  scarves  were  worn  by  the 
partisans  of  Conde  during  the  Fronde  in 
1651,  as  his  liveries  were  of  that  colour : 
"Isabelle,  c'est  ce  qu'aujourd'hui  nous 
appelons  Ventre  de  biche"  (Retz,  'Mem./ 
livre  iv.  p.  14).  Have  these  facts  any  con- 


376 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  n.  NOV.  5, 190* 


nexion  with  our  own  "  blue  and  buff"  1 
habel/arbe  in  German  is  "yellow-dun."  In 
Dutch  Isabel  applied  to  horses  is  the  synonym 
for  bay.  The  word  is  also  used  in  this 
latter  form  in  Spanish,  Italian,  and  Portu- 
guese. In  Spanish  it  is  explained  in  Lopez 
and  Hensley's  '  Spanish-English  Dictionary ' 
as  "  color  pajizo  claro,"  a  bright  straw-colour  ; 
in  Ferrari  and  Caccia's  *  Italian  -  French 
Dictionary'  as  "color  sauro,"  a  mixture  of 
grey  and  tan ;  in  Fonseca's  '  French-Portu- 
guese Dictionary'  as  "amarillo  alvacento," 
a  whitish  yellow.  The  Italian  zibellino  is 
equivalent  to  the  French  zibelline,  Spanish 
cebellina,  and  Portuguese  zebelina^  which 
again  brings  us  near  to  the  form  zebelah  in 
Endymion  Porter,  who,  of  course,  knew 
Spanish,  if  not  Portuguese,  well,  as  he  was 
in  attendance  on  Charles  I.  on  his  expedition 
to  Madrid  in  1623. 

It  would,  however,  be  very  interesting  to 
know  if  Isabella  colour  occurs  in  any  Italian 
portraits  of  the  fifteenth  and  sixteenth 
centuries  in  connexion  with  any  of  the  great 
Italian  ladies  named  Isabella  of  those  days. 
Isabella  d'Este  and  Isabella  Gonzaga  occur 
to  one's  mind  as  ladies  who  were  famous 
not  only  for  their  taste  in  dress,  but  who 
were  in  power  in  the  great  silk-weaving 
districts  of  Milan  and  Mantua,  whence  our 
own  words  "millinery,"  "Mantua,"  are 
derived. 

It  is  curious,  too,  that,  as  Littre  points 
out,  Isabel  is  the  same  word  not  only  as 
Elizabeth,  but  as  Jezabel,  the  wife  of  Ahab, 
who,  after  her  death,  was  devoured  by  dogs, 
save  for  her  skull,  "and  the  feet  and  the 
palms  of  her  hands"  (2  Kings  ix.  35). 
Isabella  is  not  very  unlike  the  colour  of  half- 
dried  bones. 

Had,  indeed,  the  quotation  from  Queen 
Elizabeth's  wardrobe  accounts  been  dated 
some  fifteen  years  earlier,  one  might  have 
thought  the  colour  took  its  name  from  some 
charnel-house  fancy  of  Henri  III.  and  his 
Mi<mons.  His  sister  Elizabeth,  who  diec 
under  circumstances  much  suspected  at  th 
French  Court,  was  wife  of  Philip  II.  and 
mother  of  the  Archduchess  Isabella.  Eliza 
beth  is,  of  course,  in  Spanish  Ysabel. 

H.  2. 

'THE  OXFOED  SAUSAGE'  (10th  S.  ii.  227).— 
Wooll's  *  Biographical  Memoirs  '  of  Dr.  Joseph 
Warton,  published  in  1806,  contain  a  lette 
from  the  doctor  to  his  brother  Tom,  date( 
"  Brighton,  July  5th,  1769"  (sic),  in  which  th 
following  passage  occurs  (p.  348) : — 

"This  morning  we  have  been  reading,  at  one  < 
the  booksellers'  shops,  '  The  Oxford  Sausage '  — 
suspect  you  had  some  hand  in  that  roguery ;  som 


t  the  prints  I  like  much — I  see  there  are  all  your 
mailer  things— and  truly  I  see  my  verses  to  you 
s  an  Antiquary,  and  Frampton's  version  of  the 
,pitaph :  how  should  they  come  by  these— I  shall 
eep  your  secret,  but  is  it  not  so  ?  I  hope  to  hear 
rom  you  as  soon  as  I  get  to  Winton." 

I  have  not  a  copy  of  the  *  Sausage '  at  hand, 
ut  gather  from  a  foot-note  to  p.  159  of  the 
Memoirs '  that,  in  speaking  of  "  my  verses 
o  you  as  Antiquary,"  the  doctor  was  alluding 
o  the  *  Epistle  from  Thomas  Hearne,  Anti- 
uary,  to  the  Author  of  the  Companion  to 
tie  Oxford  Guide, '  which  begins,— 
riend  of  the  moss-grown  spire  and  crumbling  arch- 
N\\Q  was  the  Frampton  to  whom  the  doctor 
efers  1  Was  he  Matthew  Frampton,  D.C.L., 

Wykehamist,  who  became  vicar  of  Brem- 
ill,  Wilts,  in  1768,  and  died  there  in  1781 
Hoare's  '  Wiltshire,'  sub  '  Chalk,'  p.  35)  ? 

As  the  *  Sausage '  was  published  in  1764 
'Brit.  Mus.  Catalogue'),  and  is  mentioned 
n  a  list  of  new  books  in  the  Gentleman's 
Magazine  for  June,  1764,  p.  304,  it  looks  as  if 
/Vooll  misread  the  date  of  the  letter,  its  true 
late  being  5  July,  1764.  Joseph  Warton 
)robably  wrote  the  letter  when  he  was  about 
X)  return  to  Winchester  College  at  the  end 
f  the  summer  holidays.  H.  C. 

Cooke's  edition  (printed  1800)  of  'The 
Doetical  Works  of  Thomas  Warton,  with  the 
Life  of  the  Author,'  mentions  that  Warton 
Dublished  the  *  Oxford  Sausage  '  (in  12mo)  in 
1764,  and  that  "  in  this  collection  the  *  News- 
man's Verses '  and  several  other  pieces  of 
pleasantry  "  were  contributed  by  Warton. 

The  '  Progress  of  Discontent '  was  written 
in  1746.  Warton's  death  took  place  Friday, 
21  May,  1790.  H.  L.  WAINE WRIGHT. 

In  2ncl  S.  ii.  332  it  is  stated  that  the  original 
edition  was  published  without  a  date.  A 
copy  of  the  title-page  to  the  edition  issued  in 
17CJ4  will  be  found  at  2ntl  S.  iii.  199. 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

PIN  WITCHERY  (10th  S.  ii.  205,  271).— The 
paragraph  sent  herewith  is  extracted  from 
the  Lindsey  and  Lincolnshire  Star  of  1  Octo- 
ber. It  deserves  a  place  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  as  a 
very  recent  instance  of  the  well-known  effigy 
superstition,  in  which,  as  is  usual,  pins  figure 
as  symbolic  means  of  torture.  These  magi- 
cal effigies  were  usually  moulded  in  wax  or 
clay.  I  do  not  call  to  mind  another  case  of 
straw  being  the  material  employed  :— 

"Superstition  dies  hard  in  Belfast.  A  case 
which  had  delighted  the  author  of  '  The  Ingoldsby 
Legends'  has  just  occurred  in  the  town  of  Coote- 
hill,  co.  Cavan.  On  Sunday  evening  last  informa- 
tion was  brought  to  the  police  of  a  sudden  death 
having  occurred  in  Church  Street.  Hastening  t» 


ii.  NOV. .-,,  1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


377 


investigate  matters,  they  entered  the  abode  of  the 
supposed  deceased.  Here  they  found  a  room  laid 
out  as  if  for  a  wake.  A  recumbent  figure  occupied 
a  bed,  at  the  head  and  foot  of  which  candles  were 
burning,  while  an  old  woman,  named  Rebecca 
Bodley,  the  occupier  of  the  house,  was  reading  a 
•portion  of  Scripture.  The  apparent  solemnity  of 
the  scene,  however,  was  discounted  by  the  dis- 
covery that  the  reader  was  going  through  the 
109th  Psalm  backwards,  while  the  supposed  corpse, 
on  close  inspection,  turned  out  to  be  an  uncouth 
figure  of  straw,  into  which  pins  had  been  stuck. 
The  constable  questioned  the  woman  as  to  the 
reason  of  this  extraordinary  conduct,  and  the  reply 
was  of  an  astounding  nature.  The  old  woman  Had 
recently  lost  a  sum  of  money  amounting  to  not 
more  than  3*.  bW.,  and  was  engaged  in  the  execution 
of  an  elaborate  plan  of  vengeance  against  a  person 
or  persons  who,  she  averred,  had  robbed  her  of  the 
few  coins.  She  was,  in  fact,  'waking'  the  straw 
.figure,  which  she  intended  to  bury  on  Tuesday. 
Rebecca  imagined  that  as  the  straws  rotted  away, 
so  would  the  bodies  of  the  alleged  thieves  decay 
from  a  mysterious  wasting  malady.  The  extra- 
ordinary story  spread  through  the  town,  and  a 
crowd  of  about  two  hundred  persons  collected  with 
the  express  object  of  burning  the  straw  image  in  the 
street.  The  police,  however,  intervened  and  dis- 
persed the  mob.  The  would-be  *  witch '  continued 
the  performances  of  the  wakes  on  Monday  night, 
but  was  interrupted  by  the  indignant  townspeople, 
who  proceeded  to  break  the  windows,  extinguish 
the  candles,  and  generally  to  wreck  everything  in 
the  house.  The  police  came  on  the  scene  to  quell 
the  disturbance,  which  was  assuming  serious  pro- 
portions, but  the  modern  'witch  '  still  retained  pos- 
session of  her  dummy  figure.  She  duly  interred 
it  on  Tuesday,  probably  with  all  regard  to  the 
magical  rites  prescribed  by  tradition  in  such 
<jases." 

EDWARD  PEACOCK. 
Wickentree  House,  Kirton-in-Lindsey. 

NORTHBURGH  FAMILY  (10th  S.  ii.  244).— The 
reference  to  William  de  North  burgh  in  the 
Patent  Roll  of  3  Edward  I.,  which  MR. 
UNDERDOWN  is  unable  to  trace,  will  be  found 
in  the  Appendix  to  the  Forty-Fourth  Report 
of  the  Deputy  Keeper  of  the  Public  Records, 
p.  185.  Many  students  of  history  are  not 
aware  that  the  Calendars  of  the  Patent  Rolls, 
prepared  under  the  superintendence  of  the 
Deputy  Keeper  of  the  Public  Records,  do  not 
contain  the  entries  of  ordinary  commissions 
of  gaol  delivery,  and  appointments  of  justices 
to  try  assizes  of  novel  disseisin,  mort  d' ancestor, 
darrein  presentment,  and  the  like,  as  notified 
in  the  Introduction  to  the  '  Calendar  of  the 
Patent  Rolls,  Edward  III.,  1327-1330,'  p.  viii. 
This  omission  is  disappointing  to  many  users 
of  these  excellent  calendars.  W.  FARRER. 

In  1314  the  Bishop  of  Durham  (Kellawe) 
granted  the  church  of  Ford  in  Northumber- 
land in  commendam  for  six  months  to  Roger 
de  North  burgh,  clerk,  rector  of  "  Bannes  "  in 
Carlisle  diocese.  Quoted  by  me  in  the  Pro- 
ceedings of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  New 


castle,  3rd  Series,  i.  p.  196,  from  Kellawe's 
'Register,'  i.  646.  See  also  pp.  278,  563,  564, 
and  vol.  ii.  pp.  705  and  1067.  R.  B— R. 

SAMUEL  BRADFORD  EDWARDS  (10th  S.  ii. 
309). — In  'Alumni  Oxonienses,'  ed.  Joseph 
Foster,  1888,  this  entry  appears  :— 

*  Edwards,  Samuel  Bedford,  s.  William  of  Newn- 
ham,  co.  Gloucester,  arm.  Magdalen  Coll.  Matric. 
2  Feb.  1818,  aged  19.  ' 

It  is  possible  that  "  Bedford  "  may  be  an  error 
for  Bradford.  There  is  some  probability 
that  this  Oxford  student  and  the  Westminster 
boy  are  the  same  person.  He  would  have 
been  twelve  or  thirteen  years  of  age  in  1812 
on  his  admission  to  the  school. 

CHR.  WATSON. 

I  cannot  identify  the  above,  but  if  G.F.  R.  B. 
cares  to  write  to  me  I  can  send  him  one  or 
two  notes  from  my  Bradford  collection  which 
may  or  may  not  be  useful  as  clues. 

J.  G.  BRADFORD. 

1,  Bradford  Villas,  Queen's  Road,  Buckhurst  Hill. 

MARKHAM'S  SPELLING-BOOK  (10th  S.  ii.  327). 
—The  Editor  of  '  N.  <fc  Q./  in  reply  to  a  query 
which  appeared  in  4th  S.  ii.  468,  stated  that 
the  Archbishop  of  York  (b.  1724,  d.  1807)  had 
but  little  claim  to  the  title  of  author ;  in- 
deed, his  only  publications  were  some  single 
sermons  preached  on  special  occasions,  some 
*  Discourses  on  the  Sacrament  of  the  Lord's 
Supper,'  1787,  and  a  'Concio  ad  Clerum,' 
delivered  25  January,  1769. 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

LUDOVICO  (10th  S.  ii.  288).— In  the  National 
Gallery  there  is  a  picture  (No.  692)  attributed 
to  Lodovico  (spelt  with  three  o's)  da  Parma, 
who  is  described  in  the  Catalogue  as  "a 
scholar  of  Francia  ;  was  a  painter  of  repute 
at  Parma  early  in  the  sixteenth  century." 
The  picture  in  question  is  described  in  the 
Catalogue  as  "  Head  of  a  White  Monk,  with 

a  Nimbus  and  Crozier,  inscribed  s.  VGO , 

on  wood  16  in.  h.  by  12i  in.  w.,"  and  a  note 
is  added  to  the  effect  "that  "St.  Hugh  was 
Bishop  of  Grenoble  in  the  twelfth  century." 
It  has,  however,  been  suggested  by  the  Rev. 
Herbert  Thurston,  S.J.,  in  his  'Life  of 
St.  Hugh  of  Lincoln '  (1898,  p.  624,  where  he 
gives  his  reasons  for  arriving  at  the  conclu- 
sion), that  this  picture  is  intended  to  repre- 
sent St.  Hugh,  the  twelfth-century  Carthusian 
Bishop  of  Lincoln,  and  not  St.  Hugh,  Bishop 
of  Grenoble.  H.  W.  UNDERDO wx. 

THOMAS  RAYNOLDS  (10th  S.  ii.  88).— Ray - 
nold  was  a  "  phisitiqn  "  who  in  1545  pub- 
lished 'Byrth  Mankind,'  a  mothers'  book 
which  ran  to  several  editions.  MEDICULUS. 


378 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


s.  n.  NOV.  5,  im. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

Memoirs  of  the  Verney  Family  during  the  Seven- 
teenth Century.  Compiled  from  the  Papers,  and 
illustrated  by  the  Portraits,  at  Claydon  House. 
By  Frances  Parthenope  Verney  and  Margaret  M. 
Verney.  2  vols.  (Longmans  &  Co.) 
IN  two  handsome  and  well-illustrated  volumes  we 
have  here  the  contents  of  the  four  volumes  of  the 
history  of  the  Verneys  published  by  two  successive 
Lady  Verneys  between  1892  and  1899.  Full  tribute 
to  the  value  of  these  records  has  been  paid,  and  the 
completed  work  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  most 
edifying,  interesting,  and  delightful  contributions 
ever  made  to  our  knowledge  of  the  political  and 
social  life  of  the  seventeenth  century.  Our  own 
estimate  of  the  work  may  be  read  by  those  who  will 
turn  to  the  reviews  of  the  original  edition  which 
appeared  8th  S.  i.  465  ;  yii.  169 ;  and  9th  S.  iii.  78.  A 
family  more  representative  than  the  Verneys  of  Eng- 
land at  its  best,  and  occasionally  at  its  worst,  is 
not  easily  to  be  found.  The  part  they  took  in  the 
Civil  Wars  was  prominent,  and  sometimes  heroic, 
and  the  fate  of  Sir  Edmund  Verney,  who  held 
the  royal  standard  at  Edgehill,  is  genuinely 
tragic.  Called  upon  to  resign  the  flag  which 
he  held  or  to  lose  his  life,  he  declared  that 
his  life  was  his  own  and  the  standard  was  his 
sovereign's.  When  the  banner  was  captured 
his  hand,  cut  off  at  the  wrist,  is  said  still  to 
have  clasped  it.  The  story  has  more  than  once 
previously  been  told,  but  bears  repetition. 

We  congratulate  readers  upon  the  opportunity 
of  possessing  one  of  the  most  interesting  and 
instructive  of  works.  To  the  bibliophile  the  first 
edition,  with  its  fine  type  and  its  admirable  illus- 
trations from  the  pictures  in  Claydon  House  and 
from  other  sources,  will  make  the  more  direct  appeal. 
For  the  purpose  of  the  student  who  wishes  to  treat 
a  fine  book  with  becoming  reverence,  the  present 
will  prove  a  more  useful  and  familiar  friend.  It 
also  is  abundantly  illustrated,  the  subjects  depicted 
being  generally  the  same,  though  the  designs  are 
different.  The  family  portraits  are  singularly 
attractive,  and  we  know  few  works  that  offer  a 
collection  so  interesting  in  itself  or  so  calculated  to 
repay  attention.  Some  attempt  at  condensation  is 
apparent  in  the  new  edition,  but  the  treatment  has 
been  reverent,  and  such  difference  as  is  apparent 
is  due  to  the  correction  of  errors  or  the  receipt  of 
further  information.  No  historical  library  can 
afford  to  be  without  these  memoirs,  which,  more- 
over, are  eminently  readable  and  attractive,  and 
may  be  perused  with  the  certainty  of  delight.  To 
her  daughter  Ruth,  "a  diligent  gleaner  in  old 
Claydon's  harvest  fields,"  Lady  Verney  dedicates 
her  book.  It  is  gratifying  to  find  that  the  literary 
traditions  of  the  female  side  of  the  family  are 
likely  to  be  maintained. 

Henslowe's  Diary.      Edited  by  Walter  W.  Greg, 

M.A.-PartI.  Text.  (Bullen.) 
AN  edition  in  library  form  of  Henslowe's  *  Diary ' 
is  one  of  the  desiderata  that  might  have  been 
expected  from  a  publisher  such  as  Mr.  Bullen,  to 
whom  the  student  of  Tudor  history  is  under  a  great 
and  constantly  augmenting  load  of  obligation.  So 
far  as  the  text  is  concerned,  this  is  now  supplied. 
It  is  in  the  main  in  facsimile,  and  will  be  the  edition 
henceforth  employed  by  scholars.  The  history  of 


the  precious  document  is  too  well  known  to  call  for 
further  comment.  It  has,  moreover,  been  the  subject 
of  special  attention  in  our  columns.  Few  works  are 
now  more  familiar  or  more  serviceable  to  the  close 
student  than  the  'Catalogue  of  the  Manuscripts 
and  Muniments  of  Alleyn's  College  of  God's  Gift  afc 
Dulwich,'  compiled  for  the  Governors  by  Mr.  George- 
F.  Warner,  of  the  British  Museum,  and  published 
for  them  in  1881  by  Messrs.  Longman.  In  this, 
saddening  record  of  neglect  of  priceless  possessions 
appears,  pp.  157  et  seq.,  the  first  authoritative- 
account  of  the  forgeries  interpolated  in  the  work 
by  John  Payne  Collier,  a  part  of  that  terrible 
system  of  falsification  to  which  that  industrious 
and,  in  some  ways,  capable  scholar  was  addicted. 
What  was  the  extent  of  his  individual  guilt  in  con- 
nexion with  the  MSS.  in  our  national  collection- 
will  never,  probably,  be  found  out,  any  more  than- 
the  extent  of  the  mutilations  by  Malone  or  another 
to  which  the  Henslowe  '  Diary '  has  been  subjected* 
These  things  are  dealt  with  in  the  introduction 
to  the  present  volume,  what  is  said  having  the 
unimpeachable  authority  of  Mr.  Warner.  Up  to 
now  our  knowledge  of  the  contents  of  the  diary  has 
been  due  to  Collier's  '  Transcripts,'  printed  for  the 
Shakespeare  Society  in  1845,  the  extracts  given  by 
Malone  as  a  supplement  to  the  '  Variorum  Shake- 
speare '  of  1821  being  inadequate  to  satisfy  general 
requirements.  From  Colliers  work  the  present 
edition  differs  widely,  numerous  variations  occur- 
ring on  every  page.  It  is  needless  to  say  that  the- 
advantage  is  in  every  case  on  the  side  of  Mr.  Greg's- 
edition,  which  is  dedicated  to  Mr.  Warner.  It  is- 
unnecessary  to  dwell  upon  the  merits  and  claims  of  a, 
work  which  brings  us  into  closest  association  with- 
the  writers  and  actors  of  Tudor  times,  and  lets  in  a 
flood  of  light  as  to  their  habits  and  needs.  No  less 
superfluous  is  it  to  tell  afresh  the  story  of  the 
vicissitudes  of  the  MS.,  portions  of  which,  known 
to  have  been  in  existence  during  the  last  century, 
are  now  lost.  Quotations  are  made  by  Malone — 
many  of  them  of  abundant  interest — of  matter 
which  has  disappeared,  and  for  which  he  is 
now  our  only  authority.  To  the  list  of  forgeries 
given  by  Mr.  Warner  and  in  our  columns  by  Mr 
C.  M.  Ingleby  (see  6th  S.  iv.  103)  Mr.  Greg  adds  one 
more.  Among  those  whose  handwriting  appears  in 
the  volume  are  George  Chapman,  Henry  Chettle, 
John  Day,  Thomas  Dekker,  Michael  Drayton, 
William  Haughton,  Henry  Porter,  and  Samuel 
Rowley.  These  things  are  known,  however,  and 
our  duty  to  our  readers  is  fulfilled  in  announcing 
the  appearance,  in  a  handsome  and  convenient 
shape,  of  a  work  which  is  indispensable  to  every 
worker  in  the  fields  of  the  drama. 

Worke  for  Cvtlers ;  or,  a  Merry  Dialogue  betweene 
Sivord,  Rapier,  and  Dagger.  Edited  by  Albert 
Forbes  Sieveking,  F.S.A.  (C.  J.  Clay  &  Sons.) 
PERFORMANCES  at  Trinity  Hall,  Cambridge,  on 
23  July,  1903,  and  in  the  Hall  of  Gray's  Inn  on 
7  Jan.,  1904,  have  been  instrumental  in  bringing 
about  the  issue  of  a  new  and  an  annotated  edition 
in  facsimile  of  a  rare  and  curious  Jacobean  dialogue 
first  "Acted  in  a  Shew  in  the  famous  Universitie  of 
Cambridge.  London,  Printed  by  Thomas  Creedet 
for  Richard  Meighen  and  Thomas  lones  ;  and  are  to 
be  sold  at  S.  Clements  Church  without  Temple- 
Barre.  1615,"  4to.  Concerning  the  original  work 
little  is  known.  A  copy,  long  supposed  to  be  unique, 
of  which  the  present  is  "an  exact  line-for-line  and 
word-for-word  reproduction,"  is  in  the  British 


io"  s.  ii.  NOV.  5,  loot.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


370 


Museum,  and  a  second  has  been  discovered  in  the 
library  of  Worcester  College,  Oxford.  The  work 
was  reprinted,  with  modernized  spelling,  in  vol.  x. 
of  Thomas  Park's  edition  of  the  "  Harleian  Mis- 
cellany " ;  and  Mr.  Hindley  included  a  reprint, 
together  with  that  of  another  dramatic  tract, 
obviously  by  the  same  author,  entitled  'A  Merry 
Dialogue  between  Band,  Cufte,  and  Ruff,'  also  dated 
1615,  in  his  "  Old  Book-Collector's  Miscellany."  Of 
these  works  little  is  known,  and  Mr.  Sieveking  is 
the  first  to  supply  a  plausible  conjecture  as  to 
authorship,  which  he  is  disposed  to  attribute  to 
Thomas  Hey  wood.  At  the  time  when  this  whimsical 
trifle  was  first  played  in  Cambridge  the  super- 
cession  of  the  cutting  sword  by  the  rapier  and 
dagger  had  not  long  been  accomplished.  The  work 
consists  of  a  dispute  as  to  the  relative  value  and 
importance  of  the  weapons  alone  or  in  combination, 
and  is  full  of  a  kind  of  play  upon  words  common 
enough  in  Tudor  times,  though  rarely  carried  to 
such  an  extent.  Some  notes  with  which  the  book 
concludes  are  of  remarkable  value  and  interest. 
The  whole  is  issued  with  an  introduction  by  Prof. 
Ward,  the  Master  of  Peterhouse,  of  which  college 
Heywood  is  thought  to  have  been  a  member.  It 
forms  a  pleasing  addition  to  every  library  of  Tudor 
literature. 

The  Works  of  Heinrich  Heine—  Vol.  IX.  The  Book 
of  Song*,  translated  by  T.  Brooksbank.— Vol.  X. 
New  Poems.  Translated  by  Margaret  Armour. 
(Heinemaun.) 

FOURTEEN  years  ago  Charles  Godfrey  Leland  began 
at  Mr.  Heinemann's  request  the  task  of  translating 
the  works  of  Heine.  Of  the  twelve  volumes  of 
which  the  whole  was  to  consist,  eight,  containing 
the  prose  works,  were  completed.  Notices  of  the 
appearance  of  these  will  be  found  in  our  columns. 
Difficulty  was  experienced  after  Leland's  death 
in  finding  any  one  qualified  to  take  up  his  un- 
finished task.  Mr.  Brooksbank  accomplished  at 
length  a  rendering  of  '  The  Book  of  Songs,'  which 
forms  the  ninth  volume  of  the  collection,  after 
which  he,  too,  died,  and  the  completion  of  the  task 
was  left  to  Margaret  Armour  (Mrs.  W.  B.  Mac- 
dougall),  who  supplies  a  rendering  of  the  'New 
Poems,'  and  will,  it  is  supposed,  be  responsible  for 
the  remaining  volumes.  It  is  much  more  dif- 
ficult to  render  the  poems  than  the  prose  works, 
and  we  venture,  with  a  tolerably  intimate  know- 
ledge of  Leland,  to  doubt  whether  he  could  have 
discharged  it.  It  is  a  mere  commonplace  to  affirm 
that  no  man  that  ever  lived  could  give  an  adequate 
version  of  Heine's  verses.  It  is  triumph  enough,  for 
a  man  of  genius,  or  something  like  it,  such  as  was 
George  Mac  Donald,  to  attain  success  in  one  or  two 
poems.  Mr.  Brooksbank  has  done  as  well  as  waff 
to  be  expected,  and  some  of  his  translations  are 
entitled  to  praise. 

I  despaired  at  first — believing 

I  should  never  bear  it.    Now 
I  have  borne  it — I  have  borne  it, 

Only  never  ask  me — How, 
is  one  of  the  best  of  his  efforts,  but  is  inferior  to 
Mr.  Mac  Donald's,  which  it  closely  resembles.  Miss 
Margaret  Armour  has  facility  and  alertness  in  rime. 
Her  rendering  of  '  Atta  Troll '  is  a  clever  piece  of 
work,  and  contains  more  of  Heine's  mood  and 
humour  than  is  to  be  expected  in  a  translation. 
It  is  satisfactory  to  think  that  the  entire  work  is 
within  reach  of  completion. 


The  Letters  of  Thomas  Gray.    Edited  by  Duncan- 

C.  Tovey.  Vol.11.  (Bell  &  Sons.) 
IF  Mr.  Tovey  has  taken  his  time  over  the  second 
volume  of  Gray's  letters — the  first  volume  appeared 
in  1900 — he  has  justified  by  thoroughness  of  work- 
manship the  slowness  of  production.  The  period 
covered  is  1757-62,  the  principal  correspondents 
being  Mason,  Wharton,  and  the  Rev.  James  Brown, 
Mason's  letters  to  Gray  constituting  a  considerable 
portion  of  the  contents.  Towards  the  close  of  the 
volume  are  given  the  reminiscences  of  the  Rev. 
Norton  Nicholls.  These  are,  of  course,  interesting 
and  valuable,  though  they  cast  no  light  upon  the 
record  of  the  poet  that  is  not  obtainable  from  the 
letters.  Gray  s  gradually  formed  delight  in  Virgil 
and  his  warm  admiration  for  Milton  are  known,  as 
are  the  aversion  he  felt  towards  Voltaire  and  his 
tolerance  of  Rousseau.  Gray  speaks  to  Wharton 
of  having  gone  mad  over  old  Scbtch  and  Irish 
poetry,  and  being  extasie  about  Macpherson's 
'  Ossian.'  He  has  strong  suspicions  as  to  their  being; 
forgeries,  but  is  "resolved  to  believe  them  genuine 
in  spite  of  the  Devil  and  the  Kirk."  The  notes  are 
exemplary  in  all  respects,  and  the  edition,  when, 
completed,  will  be  a  treasure. 

AMONG  the  many  points  discussed  in  recent  num- 
bers of  the  Intermeaiaire  are  the  perpetual  miracle 
of  the  tongue  of  St.  Anthony  01  Padua,  fortified 
churches,  the  family  of  Sanson,  the  executioner 
during  the  Terror,  the  true  date  of  the  birth  of 
Eugene  de  Beauharnais,  and  horseshoes  in  connexion- 
with  churches.  In  regard  to  the  last  subject  it  is- 
stated  that  when  the  sanctuary  of  St.  Martin  of 
Tours  was  the  centre  of  religious  life  in  Gaul,  it> 
was  the  custom  before  one  went  on  a  journey  to 
nail  a  horseshoe  on  the  door  of  the  church,  in 
honour  of  the  saint  (or  rather,  perhaps,  to  remind 
him  of  the  traveller  and  his  steed,  who  might  be 
needing  help).  According  to  one  account  of  this 

Eious  practice,  the  key  of  the  saint's  chapel  was 
eated  red  in  the  fire  of  the  "fevre,"  and  used  to 
mark  the  horse,  which  thus  secured  the  attention 
and  the  protection  of  the  holy  man.    The  key  was- 
also  used  when  horses  were  ill. 

THE  latest  number  of  Folk  •  Lore  contains  an- 
account  of  some  of  the  customs  and  beliefs  which 
have  been  noticed  among  the  Basuto.  The  practices 
connected  with  the  birth  of  a  first  child  are  de- 
cidedly quaint.  For  instance,  "it  must  be  born  in 
the  home  of  its  maternal  grandparents,  otherwise 
it  will  not  live  to  grow  up.  If  the  infant  should  be 
a  boy  the  rejoicings  are  judiciously  mixed  with 
regtet,"  and  the  news-carriers  who  are  dispatched 
to  the  father's  village  to  tell  him  of  the  event 
"  beat  him  vigorously  with  their  sticks."  But  when 
it  is  a  girl,  the  messengers  pour  water  over  the 
delighted  parent  to  damp  his  joy,  lest  the  arrival 
of  a  daughter — who  will  be  worth  many  cows  when- 
she  is  marriageable— should  prove  too  great  a  shock. 
Following  on  this  article  comes  the  beginning  of  a 
paper  on  the  'European  Sky-God,'  which,  when 
completed,  will  be  a  most  useful  garner  of  concep- 
tions relating  to  Zeus  the  brilliant  and  his  fellow- 
deities,  who  typified  the  celestial  spaces,  the 
heavenly  bodies,  the  wind,  and  the  sky-born  water 
which  gives  rise  to  spring,  river,  and  sea. 

A  FEW  articles  on  literary  subjects  are  inter- 
spersed among  the  political  essays  in  the  Fort- 
ui'jhthj.  'In  the  Footsteps  of  Rousseau'  is  tech- 
nically accurate  as  a  title,  seeing  that  it  follows 


380 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io«>  s.  n.  NOV.  5, 190*. 


closely  the  residence  and  wanderings  of  Rousseau  in  I  wayman  in  the  Light  of  his  own  Newspaper.'  Miss 
Savoy  among  a  race  unlike  the  Provencal,  honest,  Constance  A.  Barnicoat  is  impressed  by  the  view 
hospitable,  industrious,  but  with  a  pleasant  tinge  of  concerning  Ophelia  that  makes  her  the  mother  of 
Italian  and  Spanish  elements.  With  other  environ-  an  illegitimate  child,  a  view  that  has  found  some 
ments  of  Rousseau's  life,  however,  Mr.  Havelock  defenders.  Amy  Tasker  has  more  to  say  on  '  Mary 
Ellis  deals,  and  he  says  concerning  Madame  de  Stuart  and  the  Murder  at  Kirk  o3  Field,'  and  Dr. 
Warens  that  she  might  have  remarked  of  her  love  Sullivan  writes  on  '  The  Psychology  of  Murder  in 

affairs,  with  Madame  Gaussin,  "  Que  voulez-vous  ?    Modern  Fiction,'  from  Stendhal  to  D'Annunzio. 

Cela  leur  fait  tant  de  plaisir,  et  cela  me  coute  si  Dr.  Farquharson  gives,  in  Longman's,  some  valuable 
peu."  Dr.  Todhunter  speaks  with  enthusiasm  con-  advice  to  new  M.P.s  as  to  their  behaviour  in  the 
cerning  'Mozart  as  a  Dramatic  Composer.'  His  House.  Canon Vaughan  sends  to  the  same  magazine 
decision  that  Mozart,  not  Wagner,  should  be  the  a  pleasing  account  of  '  Isaak  Walton  at  Droxford,' 
model  for  future  composers  is  not  the  less  interest-  which  casts  new  light  on  the  "gentle  angler."  In 
ing  for  running  counter  to  modern  judgment.  Mr.  '  At  the  Sign  of  the  Ship '  Mr.  Lang  asks  after 
Lewis  Melville  pauses  in  the  rush  of  life  and  falls  the  author  of  '  Restalrig'  and  'St.  Johnstoun.'  In 
into  a  backwater  with  Disraeli's  novels.  In  reading  another  portion  of  our  columns  he  will  find  the 
of  "  the  mother  of  navies "  we  should  scarcely  information  he  seeks.  He  is  in  admirable  form 
expect  to  come  back,  as  we  do,  upon  Ulysses. —  |  throughout  his  lucubration. 
In  the  Nineteenth  Century  the  Rev.  H.  Maynard 
Smith  uses  some  strong  language  concerning  Mr.  ,  ,,  TT 
Mallock  and  the  Bishop  of  Worcester.  In  'The  MB.  HERBERT  W.  WHITE  is  issuing  a  series  of 
Literature  of  Finland '  Hermione  Ramsden  finds  91d  ,Ingleborough  Pamphlets,"  in  which  the 
an  untrodden  path  and  introduces  us  to  six  inter-  authors  long-continued  antiquarian  researches  in 
esting  writers  of  whom  few  can  previously  have  and  around  Ingleborough  are  recorded.  The  district 
heard.  Mrs.  Frederic  Harrison's  'Table-Talk'  is  1S  "ch  ™  archaeological  interest,  notably  in  Roman 
particularly  interesting  and  suggestive,  and  shows  a,nd  ancient  British  remains.  The  first  number  of 
fresh  and  very  acute  observation.  She  gives  some  ™e  series,  with  many  illustrations,  is  announced  by 
admirably  pointed  counsel  on  the  art  of  conver-  '  M"  1  n'"f  Sf~"°V 


Mr.  Elliot  Stock. 


sation.  Sir  Herbert  Maxwell  revives 'Sir  Robert 
Wilson,  a  Forgotten  Adventurer.'  Mr.  Langton 
Douglas  comments  on  '  The  Exhibition  of  Early 
Art  in  Siena.'  '  Woman  in  Chinese  Literature " 
may  be  read  with  pleasure  and  advantage. — 
The  Pall  Mall  reproduces  in  colour,  from  West- 
minster Abbey,  the  wax  effigies  of  Queen  Elizabeth 


to 

We   must   call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 
ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 


appears  in  the  Cornhill,  Mrs.  Frederic  Harrison 
saw  far  more  than  falls  to  the  lot  of  the  average 
traveller.  '  In  the  Throes  of  Composition,'  by  Mr. 
Michael  MacDonagh,  is  a  characteristic  piece  of 
'Work,  showing  the  conditions  under  which  many 
well-known  authors  have  written.  As  a  rule, 
•silence  is  indispensable  to  the  writer,  but  many 
instances  are  furnished  of  those  who  can  write 
regardless  of  noise  around  them.  Mr.  Lang,  in 
his  "  Historical  Mysteries,"  is  more  hilarious 
than  usual  in  describing  '  Saint  -  Germain  the 
Deathless,'  whom  he  treats  as  a  sort  of  Wander- 
ing Jew.  We  should  like,  though  we  dare  not,  to 
suggest  the  latest  metempsychoses  of  this  illusive 
^individual.  '  Household  Budgets  Abroad  '  goes  far 
afield,  dealing  with  Australia. — A  singularly  good 
number  of  the  Gentleman's  has  a  very  appreciative 
paper  by  our  friend  Mr.  Thomas  Bayne  upon  the 
poetry  of  our  whilom  and  much  regretted  con- 
tributor Mr.  A.  J.  Munby.  Mr.  Holden  Mac- 
Michael,  another  valued  contributor,  sends  a 
supremely  interesting  paper  on  '  The  London  High- 


and  Charles  II.    These  and  other  figures  are  the    and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
subject  of   a  meditative  and    humorous  essay  by    lication,  but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 
Max  Beerbohm,  entitled  'The  Ragged  Regiment.'        WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately 

»«£^ 

-KrToI-Sl^SSi  SSSESSHf€i-!SS 

&r,(Sa  ^H»a^r^p$  I  $ffift£  S°'  VgZ£$£S'X?%£ 

are    requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
"  Duplicate." 

MOMIA  ("  Mummies  for  Colours '').  — You  have 
overlooked  a  long  reply  on  this  subject  from  MR. 
F.  G.  STEPHENS,  the  well-known  art  critic,  and 
shorter  replies  from  other  contributors.  See  ante, 
pp.  229-30. 

M.  N.  G.  ("Sic  volo,  sic  jubeo"). —  Should  be 
"  Hoc  volo,"  &c.  Juvenal,  vi.  223. 

W.  BRADBROOK,  J.  T.  F.,  H.  HEMS,  F.  N.,  and 
H.  W.  UNDERDOWN  ("  Desecrated  Fonts  ").— For- 
warded to  MR.  J.  T.  PAGE. 

NOTICE. 

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.  ii.  NOV.  5,  1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


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HEW  CATALOGUES:- 

AMERICA,  Voyages  of  Discovery,  Physical  Geography,  N.A..  Indians,  &c.     72  pages. 

The  DOMINION  of  CANADA  and  NEWFOUNDLAND,  ALASKA,  &c.    64  pages. 

ORIENTAL  CATALOGUE  :  Asiatic  Countries,  Supplement.     96  pages. 

INDIA,  BURMA,  CEYLON,  &C.    Reports  and  Papers.     16  pages. 

NEW  REMAINDERS  and  STANDARD  BOOKS  at  REDUCED  PRICES.    64  pages. 

MISCELLANEOUS  CATALOGUE:  History,  Biography,  &c.    No.  275.    33  pages. 


Address:  83,  HIGH  STSEET,  MARYLEBONB,  LONDON,  W. 


s.  ii.  NOV.  12, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


381 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  It,  190k. 


CONTENTS.-No.  46. 

NOTES  :— Webster  and  Sir  Philip  Sidney,  331— Mr.  Ralph 
Thomas's   'Swimming,'  382  — High  Peak  Words,  384  — 
Allan  Ramsay— Gretna  Green  Marriage  Registers,  386 
"Tomahawk  " — Dunstable  the  Musician,  387. 

QUERIES  i-'Assisa  de  Tolloneis,'  &c.,  387— "  What  if  a 
day,"  &c.— "  Poet/a  nascitur  non  fit" — How  to  Catalogue 
Seventeenth-Century  Tracts  —  D'Budemare— "  Cag-mag 
—Thomas  Gladstone  and  Bread  Riots  in  Leith— Authors 
of  Quotations  Wanted— Saying  about  the  English— Spirit 
Manifestations  — Brass  in  Winslow  Church,  388— Shake- 
speare's Wife— John  Kerne,  Dean  of  Worcester— Index 
Society — Fulling  Days—  Emernensi  Agro — Loutherbourgh 
—Sanderson  Family— Blood  used  in  Building,  389. 

EEPLIKS  :— H  in  Cockney,  Use  or  Omis«lon,  390— Corks, 
391— Holborn,  392— Northern  and  Southern  Pronunciation 
— John  Tregortha,  of  Burslem  —  London  Cemeteries  in 
186C,  393  —  Cricket— Vaccination  and  Inoculation,  394— 
One-armed  Crucifix— Kissing  Gates,  395— Antiquary  r. 
Antiquarian — The  'Decameron' — Thomas  Blacklock — 
Epitaphiana— Nine  Maidens,  398— Cape  Bar  Men,  397— 
'Omar  Khayyam—'  Tracts  for  the  Times  '—Tom  Moody, 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :-' Epistles  of  Erasmus '  — Pepys's 
Diary— Sir  T.  Browne's  'Christian  Morals'— Birmingham 
Midland  Institute  and  Archaeological  Society  —  '  New 
Shakespeariana.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


JOHN  WEBSTER  AND  SIR  PHILIP 
SIDNEY. 

(See  ante,  pp.  ±21,  261,  303,  342.) 
WHEN  Bosola  is  courted  by  Julia,  and  he 
tells  her  that  she  must  not  expect  from  him, 
a,  blunt  soldier,  the  compliments  and   soft 
phrase  of  a  lover,  she  replies  : — 

Why,  ignorance 

In  courtship  cannot  make  you  do  amiss, 
If  you  have  a  heart  to  do  well. 

'  The  Duchess  of  Malfi,'  V.  ii.  197-9. 

A  part  of  the  speech  is  taken  from  Sidney's 
charming  description  of  Lalus,  one  of  many 
perfect  gems  in  writing  to  be  found  in  the 
'  Arcadia' : — 

"  He  had  nothing  upon  him  but  a  pair  of  slops, 
and  upon  his  body  a  goatskin,  which  he  cast  over 
his  shoulder,  doing  all  things  with  so  pretty  a  grace 
that  it  seemed  ignorance,  could  not  make  him  do 
•amiss  because  he  had  a  heart  to  do  well." — Book  I. 

The  last  speech  in  '  The  Duchess  of  Malfi  ' 
has  this  beautiful  sentiment,  which  Webster 
•claims  as  if  it  were  an  old  companion  : — 

/>dio.  I  have  ever  thought 

Nature  doth  nothing  so  great  for  good  men 
As  when  she's  pleas'd  to  make  them  lords  of  truth. 
4  The  Duchess  of  Malfi,'  V.  v.  144-6. 

It  may  be  that  a  *  perfect  copy  of  the 
*  Arcadia '  will  show  that  not  only  these 


lines,  but  other  parts  of  the  speech  in  the 
play,  are  stolen.  My  '  Arcadia '  is  split  into 
two  portions,  one  professing  to  contain  all 
Sidney's  prose,  the  other  his  verse,  and 
neither  is  connected  with  the  other.  The 
editor  of  the  prose  'Arcadia,'  in  his  intro- 
duction, says  : — 

"  We  are  told  in  a  sentence  which  speaks  to  the 
heart  of  a  good  man  as  a  trumpet  does  to  that  of 
a  soldier,  'Nature  had  done  so  much  for  them  in 
nothing  as  that  it  had  made  them  lords  of  Truth, 
whereon  all  other  goods  were  builded.'  " 

The  sentence  is  not  in  my  copy  of  the  book, 
and  I  should  have  missed  it  if  it  had  not 
been  quoted  in  the  introduction. 

I  have  no  space  now  to  deal  with  parallels 
in  the 4  Arcadia'  and  'A  Monumental  Column'; 
but  I  am  bound  to  mention  a  discovery  I  have 
made  since  writing  my  last  article.    In  'A 
Monumental  Column '  and  *  The  Duchess  of 
Malfi '  there  is  a  line  almost  identically  the 
same.    I  quoted  this  line  in  my  first  contri- 
bution (p.  223),  and  said  that  it  was  not  in 
Sidney,  although  in  his  style.  It  was  familiar 
to  me,  and  I  had  a  distinct  recollection  of 
having  read   the  matter    in    the  preceding 
lines  of  *  A  Monumental  Column '  elsewhere. 
The  following   will  show  that    the  line  in 
question  is  copied   from    Ben  Jonson,   and 
that  Webster  treats  Ben's  prose  in  the  same 
way  as  he  has  treated  Sidney's  : — 
Some  great  inquisitors  in  nature  say. 
Royal  and  generous  forms  sweetly  display 
Much  of  the  heavenly  virtue,  as  proceeding 
From  a  pure  essence  and  elected  breeding : 
Howe'er,  truth  for  him  thus  much  doth  importune, 
His  form  and  virtue  both  deserv'd  his  fortune. 

Lines  23-8. 

Jonson  is  addressing  the  same  Prince 
Henry  whom  Webster  mourns  over  in  his 
poem  : — 

"  When  it  hath  been  my  happiness  (as  would  it 
were  more  frequent)  but  to  see  your  face,  and,  as 
passing  by,  to  consider  you  ;  I  have  with  as  much  ioy, 
as  I  am  now  far  from  flattery  in  professing  it,  called 
to  mind  that  doctrine  of  some  great  inqui«ttcr»  in 
Nature,  who  hold  every  royal  and  heroic  form  to 
partake  and  draw  much  to  it  of  the  hfarrnly  virtue. 
For,  whether  it  be  that  a  divine  soul,  being  to  come 
into  a  body,  first  chooseth  a  palace  for  itself ;  or, 
being  come,  doth  make  it  so ;  or  that  Nature  be 
ambitious  to  have  her  work  equal ;  I  know  not : 
but  what  is  lawful  for  me  to  understand  and  speak, 
that  I  dare  ;  which  is,  that  both  your  rirfne  and 
your  form  did  deserve  your  fortune." — Dedication, 
'  The  Masque  of  Queens,'  1609. 

Jonson's  phrasing  and  his  definition  of  the 
doctrine  are  taken  direct  from  Edmund 
Spenser's  *  An  Hymne  in  Honour  of  Beautie,' 
especially  from  11.  120-40  of  that  poem.  A 
reference  to  the  poem  will  show  conclusively 
that  Ben  was  thinking  of  a  brother-poet's 
lines,  and  not  of  a  dryasdust  philosophical 


382 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  IL  NOV.  12,  im. 


dissertation,  when  he  was  paying  the  com 
pliments  to  Prince   Henry  which  Webste 
copied  from  him.    Hence  Edmund  Spenser 
in  Jpnson's  opinion,  is  one  of  "  the  grea 
inquisitors  in   Nature."    For  form's  sake 
will  quote  a  few  lines  from   Spenser,   am 
refer  the  reader  to  the  poem  for  the  fu] 
proof  that  it  inspired  Ben  Jonson  : — 
So  every  spirit,  as  it  is  most  pure, 
And  hath  in  it  the  more  of  heavenly  light, 
So  it  the  fairer  bodie  doth  procure 
To  habit  in,  and  it  more  fairely  dight,  £c. 
Lines  127-30. 

There  are  other  parts  of  'A  Monumenta 
Column'  and  'The  Duchess  of  Malfi' which 
are  borrowed  from  Ben  Jonson,  but  th 
scope  of  these  articles  precludes  me  from 
dealing  with  them.  It  is  sufficient  for  me 
to  claim  that  I  have  proved  Webster  to  have 
been  a  royal  borrower  from  Sidney ;  and  ! 
hope  I  have  ordered  my  evidence  in  such  a 
way  as  to  make  it  fairly  evident  that  'A 
Monumental  Column'  ana  'The  Duchess  o: 
Malfi '  were  produced  about  the  same  time 
and  that  both  were  followed  by  '  The  Devil's 
Law-Case.'  CHAKLES  CRAWTOKD. 


MR.  RALPH  THOMAS'S  'SWIMMING.' 

I  FORWARD  some  corrections  and  additions 
to  Mr.  Ralph  Thomas's  book  on  *  Swimming. 

P.  22.  For  "  Russien  "  read  Russische. 

P.  59.  '  Swimming  and  Swimmers '  is  said 
to  mention  the  sidestroke  for  the  first  time. 
The  account  thus  referred  to  is  copied,  with 
slight  changes,  from  "A  Treatise  on  the 
Utility  of  Swimming,  containing  Instruc- 
tions in  the  Acquirement  of  the  Art,  with 
Various  Anecdotes  of  Celebrated  Swimmers 
by  Mr.  H.  Ken  worthy,  Teacher  of  Swim- 
ming at  the  National  Baths,  218,  High 
Holborn.  London :  C.  Hedgman,  Printer, 
London  Wall.  1846.  Price  one  shilling,"  8vo, 
pp.  32.  Kenworthy  writes  (p.  13)  :— 

"  Speed  in  Swimming  is  desirable  in  many  points 
of  view.  It  is  certainly  a  criterion  of  skill ;  it 
manifests  at  the  same  time  a  healthy  state  of  body  ; 
and  it  is  a  quality  which  under  circumstances  of 
emergency,  may  be  essential  to  the  preservation  of 
human  life.  Until  within  the  last  few  years,  it  was 
generally  supposed  that  Breast  or  Belly  swimming 
was  the  swiftest  process,  but  this  opinion  has  proved 
fallacious.  The  side  stroke  is  now  universally 
acknowledged  as  the  superior  method,  and  young 
Swimmers  would  do  well  to  practise  it  accordingly. 
The  stroke  is  rather  peculiar.  The  body  is  disposed 
sideways,  as  near  as  possible  to  the  surface  of  the 
water  ;  the  left  arm  is  thrown  out  boldly  in  front, 
the  body  springing  at  the  same  time  to  the  stroke  ; 
and  the  right  is  worked  laterally  along  the  side 
with  a  sort  of  paddle  action— the  palm  of  the  hand 
being  hollowed  so  as  to  scoop  the  water,  as  if  the 
Swimmer  were  pulling  himself  along  by  it.  The 


stroke  of  the  legs  should  be  long  and  vigorous, 
crossing  each  other  in  the  action  and  working  well 
together  with  the  upper  extremities.  This  style 
of  Swimming  requires  considerable  practice  to  get 
into,  but  when  acquired  it  amply  repays  the 
Swimmer  for  his  labour." 

P.  68.  Pfuel.  "  There  is  nothing  about  a 
drill  in  this  pamphlet."— It  contains  a  series 
of  instructions  for  the  use  of  teachers  of 
swimming  in  military  institutions,  the  ex- 
ercises being  systematically  arranged  and 
performed  by  word  of  command  in  breast 
and  back  swimming.  It  is,  thus,  a  drill  book. 
Both  editions  are  essentially  the  same.  I 
have  them  both  now  before  me. 

P.  69.  "  Auerbach  in  1873  says  he  was  the 
first  to  put  the  land  drill  in  to  practice."— This 
is  incorrect.  Auerbach's  language  is  not 
clear  :  he  may  mean  that  he  was  the  first  to 
use  the  land  drill  with  a  class,  but  as  he 
quotes  a  similar  claim  (p.  9)  by  D'Argy,  he 
probably  means  that  this  was  the  first  step 
he  himself  took  towards  teaching  a  class 
both  on  land  and  in  the  water. 

P.  70.  The  statement  that  Brendicke 
"credits  other  countries  and  the  people  of 
past  times  with  being  better  swimmers  than 
those  of  the  present  day  "  is  one  I  cannot 
find  in  his  pamphlet. 

"J.  B.  Basedow"  in  the  next  paragraph 
should  be  J.  J.  Rousseau.  The  original 
passage  is  well  worth  quotation  ;  it  is  from 
'Emile,  ou  de  1'Education,'  Livre  Second 
('  CEuvres  Completes,'  Paris,  1826,  p.  163)  :— 

"  Sans  avoir  fait  son  academie,  un  voyageur  monte 
a  cheval,  s'y  tient  et  s'en  sert  assez  pour  le  besoin ; 
mais,  dans  1'eau,  si  1'on  ne  nage  on  se  noie,  et  Ton 
ne  nage  point  sans  1'avoir  appris.  Entin  Ton  n'est 
pas  oblige"  de  monter  k  cheval  sous  peine  de  la  vie, 
au  lieu  que  nul  n'est  sur  d'e"yjter  un  danger  auquel 
on  est  si  souvent  exposed  Emile  sera  dans  1'eau 
comme  sur  la  terre." 

P.  99.  "  The  original  footnote "  by  Clias  is 
a  literal  translation  from  one  in  Pfuel's  first 
edition. 

P.  104.  "Salzmann"  should  be  Guts  Muths. 
P.  135.  "Auerbach,  1873,  says  that  in 
Sermany  swimming  was  not  adopted  in 
schools  before  1870,  and  he  adds,  4  every  one 
must  be  a  soldier  in  Germany  and  therefore 
must  learn  to  swim.' "—I  do  not  find  either 
assertion  in  Auerbach's  book. 

P.  192.  W.  Wilson's  article  was  not  due  to 
Vir.  Thomas's  remark,   but  to  a  suggestion 
made  to  Mr.  Wilson  in  April,  1886,  that  he 
ought  to   write  the    article    for  the  ninth 
dition  of  the  'Encyc.   Brit.'     He  replied 
hat  he  knew  nothing  about  the  latter.    I 
;ave  him    the    necessary    information,    the 
ame  of  the  editor,  how  to  apply,  and  he 
.7rote  to  the  editor. 


ii.  NOV.  is,  1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


383 


P.  193,  note  1.  The  Humane  Society's 
Reports  for  1787,  1788,  and  1789  are  in  the 
library  of  the  Manchester  Medical  Society 
(Owens  College). 

P.  217.  I  read  this  book  many  years  ago, 
in  the  German  translation  by  Kries,  and 
found  it  interesting  and  suggestive.  English 
readers  should  remember  that  the  Mediter- 
ranean is  much  more  salt,  and  therefore  of 
greater  specific  gravity,  than  the  water  of 
the  Atlantic ;  it  is  also  warmer.  As  to  the 
three  miles  an  hour,  the  explanation  does 
not  explain.  In  a  book  printed  at  Naples 
"nella  stamperia  reale"  the  author  would 
probably  use  Neapolitan  measures,  as  he 
actually  states  at  another  place  ;  besides,  the 
Italian  mile  of  his  day  was  little  shorter  than 
the  English  mile.  "Italian  miles  are  61  yards 
and  1  foot  snorter  than  an  English  mile. 
The  Neapolitan  mile  is  longer  than  the 
English  by  about  249  yards"  (Thomas  Martyn, 

*  A  Tour  through  Italy,'  Lond.,  1791,  p.  xiii). 

P.  219.  "  C.  G.  Salzmann"  should  be 
J.  C.  F.  Guts  Muths,  as  stated  in  the  follow- 
ing note  from  the  second  edition  of  the 

*  Gymnastik  fur  die  Jugend '  (Schnepfenthal, 
1804),   p.  xiv.      After  stating   that  his  first 
edition   had   been    translated    into    Danish, 
English,  and  French,  Guts  Muths  writes  :— 

"Da  ich  weder  die  Danische  noch  Englische 
Uebersetzung  besitze,  so  kann  ich  die  Titel  nicht 
anfiihren.  Die  Letzte  erschien  bey  Johnson  unter 

Salzmanns  Namen Die  f  ranzosische  Uebersetzung 

erschien  1803  unter  dem  Titel:  La  Gymnastique  de 
la  jeunesse,  ou  traiteelementaire  des  jeux  d'Exercice 
consideres  sous  le  rapport  de  leur  utilit6  physique 
et  morale.  Par  M.  A.  Amar  Durivier  et  L.  F. 
Jauffret.  A  Paris  chez  A.  G.  Debray.  An  XL 
Ala  ich  das  Buch  erhielb  und  den  Titel  las,  freuete 
ich  mich,  dass  auch  Franzosen  den  Gegenstand 
bearbeitet  batten  und  verehrte  die  Manner,  die 
nach  dem  '  Avisdu  Libraire  editeur'  ein  exemple  de 
modestie  et  dc  dcsinteressement  gaben,  indem  sie 
gleichzeitio;  arbeitend  und  in  Collision  gerathen,  die 
Friichte  ihrer  grossen  Anstrengung  friedlich  in 
Einen  Korb  zusammen  legten.  Ich  liiftete  den 
Deckel  und  fand  fast  nichts  als  ein  Plagium  vom 
Anfange  bis  Ende  aus  meiner  '  Gymnastik  und  den 
Spielen  fur  die  Jugend.'  Es  dauert  mich,  dass  ich 
dieses  schone  Exemple  de  modestie  hier  in  ein  Licht 
stellen  muss,  wo  es  aussieht  wie  ein  Exemple 
d 'impudence." 

P.  220.  Durivier  et  Jauffret  (see  preceding 
note). 

P.  228.  Carl  Heinitz.— The  full  title  is  :— 
"Unterricht  in  der  Schwimmkunst,  nach  der  in 
der  k.  k.   Militar=Schwimmanstalt  in  Wien  ein- 
gefiihrten  Lehrmethode  dargestellt  vorziiglich  zum 
Behufe  des  k.  k.  Militiirs,  von  Karl  Heinitz,  k.  k. 
Major  in    der  Armee.     Nebst    einem    Hefte    mit 
Abbildungen.     Wien,  1816.    Auf  Kosten  des  Ver- 
fassers.  (Jedruckt  bey  Anton  Strauss,"  8vo,  pp.  xiv, 
2,  88,  *2.    5  plates. 
The  author  states  that  he  has  mostly  followed  j 


the  excellent  principles  of  Pfuel ;  he  has  two 
pages  on  preparatory  instructions  out  of  the 
water. 

P.  228.  Mr.  Thomas's  account  of  Pfuel's 
pamphlet  is  very  defective,  and  he  values 
the  author  at  a  much  lower  rate  than  is 
usual.  A  little  explanation  will  show  that 
Pfuel  deserves  all  the  credit  commonly  given 
him.  An  excellent  swimmer  himself,  he  con- 
tinued to  promote  the  art  in  his  earlier  years. 
by  teaching  and  by  his  example  to  the  end 
of  a  long  life.  Even  after  he  had  passed  his- 
eightieth  year,  he  used  to  swim  matches  in 
the  Rhine  (F.  Lewald  in  an  essay  on  old  age 
in  the  Deutsche  RundscJiau).  Entering  the 
Prussian  army  in  1797,  and  serving  in  the 
Austrian  army  from  1809  to  1812,  he  took 
during  the  latter  period  an  active  part  in. 
teaching  swimming  and  in  establishing  at 
Prague  and  Vienna  large  swimming  institu- 
tions ;  in  1817  he  published  a  little  tract  in 
which  he  expounded  his  system.  Both 
system  and  exposition  are  good  :  even  now, 
any  one  who  had  been  passed  through  such  a. 
course  would  be  a  first-rate  all-round  swim- 
mer. Pfuel  himself  says  (p.  5),  and  repeats 
the  passage  ten  years  later : — 

"Ein  drei  bis  vier  wochentliche  griindliche 
Unterricht  nach  derjenigen  Lehrart  die  hier  ent- 
wikkelt  werden  soil,  wird  in  den  moisten  Fallen 
hinreichen,  um  Schwimmer  zu  bilden  die  eine  halbe 
Stunde  ohne  Ausruhen  zu  schwimmen,  und  mithin 
iiber  die  breitesten  Strohme  Deutschlands  zu  setzen, 
im  Stande  sind." 

His  pamphlet  contains  a  systematic  course 
for  teachers : — 

"  Der  Unterricht  zerfullt  in  6  Abtheilungen,  die- 
strenge  von  einander  geschieden  den  Schiller  zu 
immer  griisserer  Fertigkeit  ausbilden." 

According  to  Mr.  Thomas,  Pfuel  begins  by 
saying  that  "  swimming  had  been  much, 

neglected the  frog  movement  is  best  for 

man."  Unfortunately  Pfuel  does  not  begin 
in  this  way.  Mr.  Thomas's  paragraph  should 
not  be  in  quotation  marks :  it  gives  only  in 
an  imperfect  and  incorrect  manner  some  idea 
of  the  contents  of  Pfuel's  first  ten  pages.  As 
to  the  drill  on  land,  see  under  Anmerk.,  the 
second  edition,  p.  18. 

P.  236.  P.  H.  Clias.— The  instructions  for 
swimming  on  the  side  are  not  original,  but 
literally  translated  from  the  first  edition  of 
Pfuel,  p.  21.  So  far  as  I  know,  C.  Wass- 
mannsdorff  was  the  first  to  point  out  and  to 
fully  prove  that  Clias  had  copied  Pfuel  ('Neue 
Jahrbiicher  fiir  die  Turnkunst/  vol.  vii. 
pp.  104-9,  Dresden,  1861).  There  seem  to  be 
some  (probably  printers')  errors  in  both  Pfuel 
and  Clias ;  for  example,  in  the  latter, 
p.  159,  "  The  pupil  is  not  placed  in  a  perfectly 


384 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  NOV.  12, 190*. 


^horizontal  position,"  should  be  "The  pupil  i 
now  (nun)  placed,"  &c. 

P.  238.  Tetzner,  8vo,  pp.  viii,  100.— The 
author  had  been  a  pupil  of  Guts  Muths,  anc 
had  himself  taught  swimming  for  manj 
years.  He  calls  himself  Dr.  Theodor  Tetzne 
on  the  title-page  ;  the  date  1827.  He  make 
some  interesting  remarks. 

P.  238.  'Beknopte  Handleiding.'— The  firs 
•edition  was  published  at  Franeker  by  G 
Ypma,  1828  ;  printed  by  H.  Brandenburgh 
(not  "  Brandenburg  ") ;  vsmall  8vo  by  sheets 
size  of  page  5f  by  3|  inches  ;  same  numbei 
of  pages  as  in  the  second  (nieuive)  edition 
Leerwyze  is  printed  correctly  on  p.  82. 

"Lehrbuch  der  Gymnastik iibers.  von 

C.  Kopp,"  Tondern,  1831,  8vo,  pp.  viii,  104 

4  plates. — The  original  is,   according  to  H 
Brendicke  ('Grundriss  z.   Gesch.   d.  Leibes 
»iibungen,'  Kothen,  1882,  p.  122),  by  F.  Nach- 
tegall,  and  entitled  'Laerebog  i  Gymnastik 
for  Almue-   og  Borgerskolerne  i  Danmark, 
1828.    The  translation  contains  at  pp.  17,  37, 

•  88,  and  93,  instructions  for  swimming.  Nach- 
tegall  has  preliminary  teaching  out  of  the 
water,  uses  the  girdle,  and  to  some  extent 
the  system  of  mutual  teaching. 

P.  256.  In  the  notice  of  Csillagh's  book 
"  fifty  years  "  should  be  fifteen  years  ;  "  12° ' 
should  be  8vo. 

P.  271.  Ken  worthy's  treatise,  already  men- 
tioned, should  be  added. 

P.  272.  '  Instruction  fur  den  Schwimm- 
Unterricht  in  der  franzb'sischen  Armee  von 
d'Argy,'  Berlin,  1857,  small  8vo,  pp.  viii,  64, 

5  folding    plates.      A    translation    by   Von 
Wins  II.,  with  an  introduction  by  General 
von  Willisen. 

P.  309.  William  Wood,  'Manual  of  Physical 
Exercises,'  New  York,  1867,  pp.  316  ('Swim- 
ming,' pp.  152-60). 

P.  324.  Auerbach.  —  One  idea  dominates 
Auerbach  :  that  of  teaching  a  number  of 
pupils  at  one  and  the  same  time.  This  is 
-easy  on  land,  but  no  one  had  so  far  proved 
that  he  could  do  so  with  the  pupils  in  the 
water.  Auerbach  claims  that  by  means  of 
certain  apparatus  he  can.  H.  Kluge  reviewed 
this  book  unfavourably  in  the  '  Neue  Jahr- 
biicher  fiir  die  Turnkunst/  xvii.  30. 

P.  341.  Ladebeck.  —  A  good  and  original 
book,  showing  those  who  have  no  master 
how  to  teach  themselves,  and  those  who  have 
a  master  how  to  improve  themselves. 

P.  352.  Adolf  Graf  von  Buonaccorsi  di 
Pistoja,  'Schwimmkunst  gestiitzt  auf  natur- 
wissenschaftliche  Principien,'  Wien,  1879, 
royal  8vo,  pp.  176,  3,  woodcuts  4  +  64. 

P.  354.  A.  C.  Schiffmann,  *  Das  Ganze  der 
•Schwimmkunst,'  Miinchen  (1880),  8vo,  pp.  33. 


P.  355.  Baetz,  *  Anleitung,'  8vo,  not  12°,  as 
stated. 

P.  357.  "  The  Athlete's  Guide.  Edited  by 
N.  L.  Jackson  and  E.  H.  Godbold."  Second 
edition,  London,  1887.  Preface  to  first  edition 
dated  April,  1882.  On  pp.  50-56  there  are 
4  Hints  on  Swimming'  by  Veteran. 

P.  368.  The  quotation  under  Brendicke  is 
from  Rousseau,  except  the  last  four  lines, 
which  are  from  Basedow,  according  to 
Brendicke.  "Children  should  be  accustomed 
to  fresh  air"  should  be  "to  cold,  ra\v  air" 
(zur  rauhen  Luft). 

P.  396.  "  Der  ausdauernde  Schwimmer."— 
Not  the  persevering,  but  the  lasting,  long- 
distance swimmer. 

P.  422.  As  a  consequence  of  some  remarks 
by  Miss  C.  Everett -Green  on  open-air 
swimming  baths  for  ladies  in  the  Cycl. 
Touring  Club  Gazette  for  1902,  pp.  314,  361, 
Henry  Wilson  wrote  on  swimming  (ib.,  p.  408), 
urging  that  to  be  able  to  keep  afloat  for  a 
long  time  is  most  desirable,  but  to  swim 
quickly  is  rarely  of  use.  This  was  followed 
(ib.,  p.  473)  by  an  article  on  floating  by  J.  R.  B., 
who  says  that  the  two  ends  of  the  body  may 
be  made  to  balance  by  holding  lumps  of  lead 
in  the  hands  as  a  counterpoise  to  the  legs :  in 
this  way  it  is  comparatively  easy  to  float. 

To  conclude,  Mr.  Thomas  will,  I  hope, 
excuse  me  for  correcting  his  laborious  and 
very  instructive  book.  My  remarks  have  been 
made  from  my  own  copies  of  the  works  in 
question.  THOMAS  WINDSOR. 

Gt.  Budworth,  Northwich. 


HIGH  PEAK  iWORDS. 

(See  ante,  pp.201,  282.) 

THE  verb  cuck,  to  lift,  is  now  only  used  with 
reference  to  lifting  at  Easter.  There  is,  how- 
ever, a  verb  kig,  which  means  to  tilt  up,  or 
set  in  a  sloping  position.  Thus,  when  a  cart 
s  reared  on  end  it  is  kigged  up,  and  when  a 
vehicle  is  upset  in  driving  the  accident  is 
inown  as  a  kig-o'er.  The  frequentative 
higgle  is  given  in  the  'E.D.D.,'  but  not  kig. 
Kick,  which  is  of  unknown  origin,  may  be 
jonnected. 

The  verb  sivalker,  with  its  frequentative 
ivallpck,  meaning  to  toss  to  and  fro,  has  not, 
.  believe,  been  recorded,  though  the  'E.D.D.' 
las  swallock  in  the  sense  of  to  swallow.  Thus, 
vater  is  said  to  swalker  in  a  horse's  belly, 
nd  a  man  is  said  to  swallock  pieces  of  lead 
bout  with  his  shovel.  We  have  here  to  do 
vith  the  A.-S.  tvealcan,  O.N.  vdlka  and 
ilkja,  the  prefixed  s  being  owing  perhaps  to 
rench  influence.  Stochil,  to  stitch  or  mend 
lothes,  as  "stochil  it  up  a  bit,"  is  little  heard 


io*  s.  ii.  NOV.  12, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


385 


now ;  Prof.  Skeat,  s.v.  stoker,  mentions  the 
M.E.  stoken,  to  stab.  A  twirl  or  twitch  in  a 
vein  of  lead  is  known  as  a  stalch ;  one  may 
compare  it  to  a  knot  in  a  piece  of  wood.  In 
Tapping's  '  Glossary  of  Derbyshire  Mining 
Words  '  we  are  told  that  "  twitches  are  the 
contracted  or  straight  parts  of  the  vein  caused 
by  the  presence  of  nard  stone,  as  flint,  chert, 
&c." 

A  place  is  said  to  be  so  many  miles  from 
another  "  by  th'  fall  o'  th'  foot."  The  phrase, 
however,  refers  only  to  walking  down  hill. 
Reap  up,  in  the  distinct  sense  of  revive,  is,  I 
think,  rare,  though  the  phrase  to  "rip  up  old 
grievances"  is  common  to  most  parts  of  Eng- 
land. At  a  sale  of  laud  which  I  attended  all 
the  lots  were  withdrawn,  but  after  whisky 
had  been  handed  round  they  were  put  up 
again.  The  sale  was  then  said  to  be  reaped 
up.  In  Sheffield  I  have  heard  reap  used  in 
the  sense  of  recoup  or  recover,  as,  "  It  '11  be 
a  long  while  afore  it  reaps  itself."  I  asked 
a  woman  who  was  boiling  shallots  to  make 
pickle  to  tell  me  how  the  whole  thing  was 
done.  She  said/4 1  first  gie  'em  &lop,"  meaning 
a  slight  boiling.  The  word  galley-balk  is  used 
in  the  sense  of  a  flimsy  or  dangerous  structure 
of  any  kind,  such  as  a  pile  of  boxes  on  which 
it  is  unsafe  to  stand.  The  herb  comfrey  is 
said  to  be  good  for  broke-wounds  (fractures), 
and  is  called  nip-bone.  Creep  is  used  in  two 
interesting  senses.  As  autumn  advances  they 
say,  "  Days  begin  to  croppen  in  now."  In  Shef- 
field, as  I  have  said  elsewhere,  days  are  said 
to  creep  out  when  they  begin  to  lengthen.  A 
father  said  to  his  daughters,  who  had  come 
home  soaked  with  rain,  "I  should  ha'  thought 
you  might  ha'  croppen  in  somewhere."  In 
the  older  houses  the  doors  are  often  not  more 
than  five  feet  high,  so  that  a  man  of  average 
height  does,  in  fact,  creep  in. 

A  good  deal  might  be  said  about  the 
colours  of  oxen.  A  patch  of  red  or  white  on 
a  cow's  skin  is  called  a  blonch,  the  *  N.E.D.' 
only  having  blanch  in  the  sense  of  a  white 
spot.  A  "  blue  and  white  cow  "  is  said  to  be 
blue-roftned,  though  the  word  roan,  roaned,  or 
roant  means  red  and  white  so  blended  that 
you  can  hardly  separate  the  two  colours.  A 
cow  with  red  spots  on  her  skin  is  said  to  be 
red-skewed— i.e.,  red-spotted,  and  she  is  black- 
skewed  when  she  has  black  spots.  When 
the  animal  is  neither  black  nor  red,  but  the 
colour  is  "dark  among  red,"  she  is  gresil- 
roaned.  Prof.  Skeat  says  that  the  origin  of 
roan  is  unknown.  Is  it  the  O.N.  rein,  a 
strip  ? 

The  handle  of  a  turn-tree  or  windlass  is 
known  as  a  sivaif,  which  is  identical  with  the 
O.N.  sveif,  a  tiller  or  handle,  Norwegian 


sveiv.  The  bagskin,  or  stomach  of  a  calf,  con- 
tains a  substance  known  as  steep,  which  was 
formerly  used  instead  of  rennet  in  making 
cheese.  A  wooden  collar,  with  an  iron  ring 
attached,  used  for  fastening  cows  to  the 
boose-stake,  or  rod-stake,  is  known  as  a  sool' 
and  f rampart.  A  bow  of  hazel  is  fitted  into 
a  flat  piece  of  wood  called  the  overclove,  and 
secured  therein  by  a  slot,  so  that  it  cannot 
get  out.  An  iron  ring,  called  a  f  rampart, 
is  fastened  by  a  link  or  two  of  chain  to  the 
sool,  and  \\\Q  f  rampart  holds  the  sool  to  the- 
boose-stake.  Specks  of  lead,  scattered 
amongst  the  refuse  of  the  mine,  are  called 
tollman's  dots.  These  are  one  of  the 
"members"  of  a  lead  mine.  Skeat  defines 
mug  as  "a  kind  of  cup  for  liquor."  In  the 
Peak  a  bread-mug  is  an  earthenware  vessel, 
about  two  feet  high,  for  holding  bread.  The 
most  remote  part  of  a  lead  mine  which  has- 
been  reached  for  the  time  being  is  called  the 
forfeit.  To  jig  is  to  separate  lead  ore  from 
I  refuse ;  this  is  usually  done  by  boys,  who 
1  use  a  jigging-pole,  which  jumps  up  and  down. 
1  Walchen  band,  or  welchen,  is  thin  tarred  rope 
I  or  string  used  for  thatching  stacks.  Bager 
i  riming  with  sage,  is  a  portion  of  anything, 
as  "a  bage  of  land,"  or  "a  bage  of  stone" 
in  a  quarry.  The  word  is  well  known  in  the 
Peak.  A  bolch  is  a  lump,  as  when  it  is  said 
of  a  drunken,  bloated  man  that  "  the  fab 
hings  on  him  i'  gret  bolches."  The  'N.E.D.' 
has  this  word  as  bulch,  the  latest  quotation 
being  from  Hooson's  *  Miners'  Diet.,'  1747. 
Topolch  is  to  knock  down,  as  when  a  man 
rams  or  hammers  a  stake  into  the  ground. 
The  'E.D.D.'  has  the  word  as  pulch,  which 
is  said  to  be  identical  with  the  literary 
English  pulse.  The  Derbyshire  pronuncia- 
tion, however,  is  not  consistent  with  this 
explanation. 

To  go  out  is  to  die,  as,  "  We  thought  she  'd 
ha'  gone  out."  Here  life  seems  to  be  com- 
pared to  a  candle,  reminding  us  of  Shak- 
speare's  "  brief  candle,"  or  of  the  brevis  lux 
of  Catullus  ("nobiscum  semel  occidit  brevis 
lux  ").  A  harelip  is  known  as  a  hare-shorn 
(or  hart-shorn)  lip  ;  in  South  Yorkshire  it  is 
a  slouch  lip.  A  kenny  is  a  small  taw  used 
in  the  game  of  marbles.  In  using  their 
skipping-ropes  girls  employ  the  word  pepper* 
which  is  hard  to  define,  but  which  implies 
rapid  motion.  A  girl  will  take  her  skipping- 
rope  and  say  to  her  companion,  "  Let  me  have- 
a  pepper."  She  then  says,  "Pee,  pie,  po, 
pepper."  As  each  word  is  uttered  the  move- 
ment becomes  quicker  until  the  word  pepper- 
is  reached,  when  it  is  very  rapid.  This 
interesting  word  is  the  O.N.  pipra,  to 
quiver,  which  Vigfusson  connects  with  the 


886 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [10*  s.  n.  NOV.  u,  1904. 


Lat.  vibrare.  A  ware  was  an  old  measure  of 
length,  but  nobody  can  tell  me  how  long  it 
was.  In  an  account  -  book  dated  1750  I 
find,  "  33  ware  and  1  foot  at  forpence  hapney 
a  ware";  "14  bords  4  ware"  ;  "nine  ware 
of  bords  used  at  the  new  engen." 

Dr.  Bradley,  in  his  admirable  little  book 
on  'The  Making  of  English,'  says,  "We  are 
certainly  far  from  knowing  the  whole  of 
the  Old  English  vocabulary."  It  would  be 
equally  true  to  say  that  we  are  far  from 
knowing  the  extant  vocabulary  of  our 
English  dialects.  That  ancient  words  are 
rapidly  perishing  is  only  too  clear  to  those 
who  have  kept  their  ears  open  for  the  last 
thirty  years.  If  a  man  thinks  that  he  is 
going  to  pick  up  dialect  by  sauntering 
through  country  lanes  and  jotting  down 
what  he  happens  to  hear,  he  is  much 
mistaken.  He  may  get  a  few  words  in  that 
way,  but  he  will  do  little  good  unless  he 
becomes  so  intimate  with  the  people  of  the 
district  under  observation  that  they  will  talk 
to  him  as  freely  as  to  one  of  their  own  com- 
panions. Nor  is  it  of  much  use  to  make 
extracts  from  newspaper  articles  which  pur- 
port to  be  written  in  local  dialects.  Not  one 
writer  of  such  articles  in  a  hundred  can 
properly  discriminate  between  literary  and 
dialectal  English.  I  know  that  a  writer  in 
my  own  neighbourhood  deliberately  forged 
many  words.  Many  errors  are  owing  to  want 
of  verification. 

I  often  hear  it  said  that  some  villages  have 
words  which  are  unknown  to  their  neighbours 
in  the  next  parish,  and  my  experience  teaches 
me  that  in  districts  where  people  intermarry 
a  good  deal,  certain  family  groups  retain 
words  which  are  strange  to  others  in  the  same 
neighbourhood.  What  proportion  the  un- 
recorded words  bear  to  those  which  have 
already  been  made  safe  by  printing  it  is 
obviously  impossible  to  say,  though  the 
quantity  of  un printed  material  is  certainly 
great.  During  six  weeks  of  the  present 
summer  I  wrote  down  in  one  village  more 
than  a  hundred  words  which  were  new  to  me, 
and  though  I  afterwards  found  that  many  of 
these  were  already  known,  the  novelties  were 
sufficient  to  encourage  the  hope  that  where 
much  was  found  in  so  short  a  time,  much 
more  remained  to  be  discovered. 

On  p.  283,  ante,  "some  calls  'em  oats"  should 
foe  "  some  calls  'em  groats."  S.  O.  ADDY. 

In  the  Eastern  and  Middle  States  of  the 
"United  States,  some  years  ago  (and  probably 
now),  long  rows  of  hay  raked  together  were 
called  winrows.  See  ante,  p.  202. 

R.  BARCLAY-ALLARDICE. 
Lostwithiel,  Cornwall. 


ALLAN  RAMSAY.— In  'English  Literature: 
an  Illustrated  Record,'  vol.  iii.  p.  267,  Mr.  Ed- 
mund Gosse  writes  thus  of  Allan  Ramsay :  "In 
1725  he  published  his  best  work,  the  excel- 
lently sustained  pastoral  play  of  *  The  Gentle 
Shepherd,'  the  life  of  Ramsay."  One  has  no 
difficulty  in  assenting  to  the  estimate  of  the 
poetic  quality  revealed  in  the  vivacious  pas- 
toral, but  it  is  hard  to  discover  why  it  should 
be  specifically  named  "  the  life  of  Ramsay." 
The  poem  does  not  delineate  the  author's 
own  career;  it  does  not  represent  the  only 
conspicuous  success  he  achieved  in  letters ; 
and  it  did  not  cost  him  his  life,  for  he  sur- 
vived its  publication  for  over  twenty  years, 
in  the  course  of  which  he  published  tales  and 
fables,  and  built  for  Edinburgh  "a  play- 
house new,  at  vast  expence."  Probably  Mr. 
Gosse  employs  an  uncommon  expression  to 
emphasize  a  view  of  '  The  Gentle  Shepherd ' 
which  is  diametrically  opposed  to  that  held  by 
some  of  Ramsay's  contemporaries.  The  work 
seemed  so  utterly  unlike  that  which  might 
have  been  expected  from  the  Edinburgh  wig- 
maker  whom  they  knew,  that  these  observers 
sought  to  account  for  its  idyllic  beauty  and 
suggestiveness  on  a  theory  of  composite 
authorship.  Some  hinted  that  the  ostensible 
writer  had  received  help  from  Sir  John 
Clerk  and  Sir  William  Bennet,  while  others 
for  a  time  attached  some  importance  to  a 
wild  legend  which  made  Ramsay  merely 
sponsor  for  the  work  of  Thomson  of  '  The 
Seasons.'  As  an  outstanding  protest  against 
nonsense  of  this  kind  Mr.  Gosse's  phrase  has 
significance,  if,  at  least,  it  may  be  inter- 
preted as  denoting  that  "  the  precious  life- 
blood  "  which  animates  the  comedy  is  em- 
phatically that  of  Ramsay  without  extraneous 
admixture.  If  the  expression  has  another 
meaning,  it  would  be  interesting  to  know 
what  it  is.  THOMAS  BAYNE. 

GRETNA  GREEN  MARRIAGE  REGISTERS. — In 
1899,  at  9th  S.  iv.  309,  a  correspondent  asked 
a  question  as  to  the  whereabouts  of  these 
registers,  and  whether  they  are  accessible  to 
the  public.  To  a  similar  question  addressed 
to  the  authorities  at  Somerset  House,  I  re- 
ceived, a  few  days  ago,  the  following  reply 
from  the  Registrar  -  General,  which  will,  I 
think,  be  of  interest  to  many  besides  myself  : 

"The  Parochial  Marriage  Register  of  Gretna  is 
in  the  custody  of  the  Registrar-General,  Edinburgh. 
Registers  of  irregular  marriages  at  Gretna  are  be- 
lieved to  be  in  the  possession  of  Messrs.  Wright  & 
Brown,  solicitors.  Carlisle  ;  Mr.  William  Long  [.«c], 
weaver,  Springfield,  Gretna ;  and  Mrs.  Armstrong, 
Lowtherton,  Dornock." 

By  further  inquiry  from  the  persons  named, 
I  have  ascertained  that  registers  from  1843 


W8.ii.Nov.i2.i9w.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


to  1865  are  in  the  possession  of  Messrs.  Wright, 
Brown  &  Strong,  solicitors,  Carlisle,  who  will 
(for  a  consideration)  make  searches  and  give 
certified  copies  of  entries.  Registers  covering 
years  from  1783  to  1894  (but  apparently  in- 
complete) are  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Simon 
Lang  (not  Long),  72,  High  Street,  Felling, 
Newcastle,  who  will  also  make  searches. 
The  marriage  register  in  the  possession  of 
Mrs.  Armstrong,  Greenbrae,  Dornock,  near 
Annan,  is  that  of  "Gretna  Hall,"  but  in  her 
letter  that  lady  did  not  mention  the  period 
•which  it  covers. 

BERNARD  P.  SCATTERGOOD. 
Moorside,  Far  Headingley,  Leeds. 

"TOMAHAWK":  ITS  ORIGIN.— One  is  sur- 
prised to  find  this  described  as  "  Modern  "  in 
the  latest  edition  of  Prof.  Skeat's  large 
dictionary.  It  is,  on  the  contrary,  one  of  the 
very  oldest  of  our  borrowings  from  the  North 
American  Indian.  It  belongs  to  the  Vir- 
ginian and  Carolinan  stratum,  otherwise 
called  Southern  Algonquin.  Capt.  John 
Smith  gives  the  Virginian  form  as  tomahack 
(Arber's  ed.,  p.  44),  and  we  know  from 
other  authorities  that  the  Pamptico  or 
North  Carolinan  form  was  tommcwick.  I 
see  that  most  of  our  dictionaries — Ogilvie's 
being  the  honourable  exception  —  make 
the  mistake  of  deriving  this  term  from 
""Mohegan  tumnahegan,  Delaware  tamoi- 
hecan"  To  these  might  have  been  added 
"Abnaki  tamahigan,  Micmac  tumeegun, 
Passamaquoddy  tumhigen"  These  five  dia- 
lects make  up  the  group  called  Eastern 
Algonquin,  but  none  of  them  can  be  the 
source  of  our  English  tomahaivk :  firstly, 
because  the  quotation  from  Smith  proves 
that  we  had  acquired  it  before  we  came  into 
contact  with  them ;  secondly,  because  the 
nasal  termination  -an,  -en,  -un,  never  occurs 
in  any  English  form  of  it. 

JAMES  PLATT,  Jun. 

DUNSTABLE  THE  MUSICIAN.  —  A  mural 
tablet,  erected  by  the  London  section  of  the 
Incorporated  Society  of  Musicians,  was  un- 
veiled on  8  October  in  the  church  of  St.  Ste- 
phen, Walbrook.  John  Dunstable  was  born  at 
Dunstable,  in  Bedfordshire ;  died  on  Christ- 
mas Eve,  1453  ;  and  was  buried  in  the  former 
church  of  St.  Stephen,  Walbrook,  which  was 
destroyed  in  the  Great  Fire  of  1666.  Very 
little  is  known  of  his  life,  but  in  an  address 
delivered  by  the  rector  of  St.  Stephen's,  the 
Rev.  K.  S.  do  C.  LaiFan,  at  the  unveiling 
ceremony,  it  was  stated  that  Johannes  Tinc- 
toris,  the  celebrated  musician  of  the  Nether- 
lands, who  published  in  1745  the  first  lexicon 
of  musical  terms,  recorded  in  the  preface  to 


his  *  Proportionale '  that  England  was  in  his 
time  the  source  and  origin  of  a  development 
of  music  which  had  made  it  appear  almost  a 
new  art,  and  that  of  the  English  musicians 
with  whom  this  development  originated  John 
Dunstable  was  the  chief.  His  reputation 
was  not  merely  English,  but  European. 
Specimens  of  his  work  are  preserved  at  the 
British  Museum,  the  Bodleian  Library,  and 
in  the  Library  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge. 
Thanks  to  the  skill  of  Dr.  Maclean,  the 
original  reading  of  the  inscription  has  been 
restored.  The  monument  is  a  beautiful  speci- 
men of  glass  mosaic,  the  lower  panel  contain- 
ing the  restored  inscription,  while  in  the 
upper  there  are  three  figures  of  angel  musi- 
cians against  a  starry  sky,  symbolizing  the 
greatness  of  Dunstable,  both  as  a  musician 
and  an  astronomer. 

FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

'  ASSISA  DE  TOLLONEIS,'  &c.— In  the  'Acts 
of  the  Parliaments  of  Scotland,'  published  by 
authority  in  1846,  are  three  documents,  of 
which  I  am  anxious  to  know  the  dates.  The 
first  bears  the  title  which  heads  this  note, 
with  the  sub- title  "parva  custuma  que  dicitur 
le  tpl,"  and  is  further  described  as  "  Assisa 
Regis  David  Regis  Scottorum  facta  apud 
Nouum  Castrum  super  Tynam  per  totam 
communitatem  suam  Scocie  tarn  Baronum 
Burgensium  quam  aliorum."  This  occupies 
two  leaves,  paged  (in  red)  667-670. 

The  second  is  titled  '  Custuma  Portuum, 
and  occupies  one  leaf,  paged  (in  red)  671-2. 
It  is  prefaced  by  a  statement  that  in  some 
books  it  is  written  in  French,  but  for  better 
understanding  it  is  transcribed  into  Latin  in 
this  manner : — 

"Sciant  omnes quod  anno   gratie    millesimo 

[&c.]  facta  fuit  hec  inquisitio  in  abbathia  de 
ualcow  de  precepto  illustris  regis  Scocie  Dauid 
primi  huius  nominis." 

The  editor  thus  deliberately  and  of  malice 
prepense  deprived  his  readers  of  the  date 
when  these  rates  of  customs  were  originally 
imposed.  I  do  not  remember  an  instance  of 
a  more  gratuitous  suppression  of  fact  in  any 
book  professing  to  be  of  practical  use. 

The  third  document  is  paged  (in  red)  673-4, 
and  is  titled  'Assisa  Regis  David  de  Mensuris 
et  Ponderibus.' 

I  shall  be  most  grateful  for  information  as 


388 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  NOV.  12,  im. 


to  the  dates  of  the  Latin  and  Scots  texts  of 
these  laws  as  they  stand  in  the  Record 
edition.  ROBT.  J.  WHITWELL. 

Oxford. 

"WHAT  IF  A  DAY,  OR  A  MONTH,  OR  A 
YEAR  ?  "—Can  any  of  the  readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.' 
oblige  me  with  an  exact  copy  from  'An 
Hour's  Recreation  in  Music,3  by  Richard 
Alison,  Gentleman,  1606,  of  a  song  beginning 
"What  if  a  day,  or  a  month,  or  a  year?" 
Copies  of  or  references  to  this  song,  which 
at  one  time  was  very  popular,  and  has  been 
attributed  to  Campion,  will  be  very  welcome. 
I  know  the  versions  in  '  Philotus,'  the  lRox- 
burghe  Ballads/  the  'Pepys  Ballads,'  and 
Arber's  'Anthology.'  Direct  communication 
preferred.  A.  E.  H.  SWAEN. 

7,  Van  Eeghenstraat,  Amsterdam. 
[See  5th  S.  viii.  220.] 

"  POETA  NASCITUR  NON  FIT."— Can  any  of 
your  correspondents  tell  me  from  what  author 
comes  that  hackneyed  quotation  of  "  Poeta 
nascitur  non  fit"  ?  SENEX. 


[Unknown.    See  8th  S.  vii.  329;  yiii.  14,  194  ;  and 
3hn's  '  Dictionary,'  under  "Nascimur  poetse."] 


Bo 


How  TO  CATALOGUE  SEVENTEENTH- CEN- 
TURY TRACTS.— Does  any  book  exist  giving 
instructions  how  technically  to  describe^ 
calendar,  or  catalogue  seventeenth  -  century 
tracts,  forming  part  of  a  private  library  ?  or 
can  any  reader  tell  me  how  such  a  task  should 
be  undertaken  ?  INEXPERT. 

D'EUDEMARE.  —  Can  any  one  give  me 
information  about  the  old  French  name 
D'Eudemare?  Is  it  the  title  or  the  name 
of  the  author?  W.  B.  H. 

[Francois  d'Eudemare  wrote  '  Histoire  Excellente 
et  Heroique  du  Roy  Willaume  le  Bastard,  jadis  Roy 
d'Angleterre  et  Due  de  Normandie,'  Rouen,  1626. 
It  is  rare.  ] 

"GAG-MAG."— Having  referred  to  Webster's 
'Imperial  Dictionary,'  and  also  to  the  ' Slang 
Dictionary,'  and  having  found  that  the 
former  (to  my  surprise)  uses  the  word  of 
language,  but  the  latter  in  its  more  general 
application  to  food,  I  venture  to  ask  if  any 
reader  of  '  X.  &  Q.'  can  throw  light  on  the 
subject.  The  word  is  undoubtedly  slang. 
EDWARD  P.  WOLFERSTAN. 

[A  column  is  devoted  to  the  word,  in  its  various 
senses  in  the  '  E.D.D.'  It  is  also  fully  discussed  in 
the  'N.E.D.'  It  originally  signified  a  tough  old 
goose.  Reference  to  such  sources  should  precede 
application  to  «N.  &  Q.,'  in  which  see  also  under 

Dickens :  Cag-Maggerth,'  6th  S.  xii.  268,  292 ; 
and  under  '  Keg-meg,'  9th  S.  i.  248,  357,  where  all 
necessary  information  is  supplied.  Further  com- 
munications on  the  subject  are  not  invited.] 


THOMAS  GLADSTONE  AND  BREAD  RIOTS  IN 
LEITH. — Can  any  one  inform  me  where  I  can 
find  an  authentic  account,  contemporary  or 
otherwise,  of  Thomas  Gledstanes  (grand- 
father of  the  late  W.  E.  Gladstone)  being 
maltreated  by  a  mob  in  Leith  a  hundred 
years  ago  or  more  ?  H.  A.  COCKBURN. 

IA,  Lower  Grosvenor  Place,  S.W. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED.— 

1.  Death's  pale  violets  that  he  gives  when  he 
takes  life's  roses. — ?  Tom  Hood. 

2.  The  hectic  flush  had  mounted  its  bloody  flag 
of  No  Surrender ! 

3.  The  gratitude  of  a  patient  is  part  of  his  disease. 

4.  So  when  at  last  by  slow  degrees 

My  sluggish  veins  grow  old  and  freeze. 

5.  Will  your  pulse  quicken  when  you  are  told 
you  must  die? 

6.  The  generations  shall  become  weaker  and  wiser. 
— ?  from  Greek. 

MEDICULUS. 

SAYING  ABOUT  THE  ENGLISH.  —  "  The  old 
elogium  and  character  of  this  English  nation 
was,  that  they  were  Hilaris  gens,  cui  libera 
metis  et  libera  lingua1'  (Cl.  Walker,  'Hist,  of 
Independency,'  i.  92,  1648).  Are  there  any 
earlier  references  to  this  saying  1 

REGINALD  HAINES. 

Uppingham. 

SPIRIT  MANIFESTATIONS. — Can  any  reader 
refer  me  to  a  list  of  works  on  this  subject, 
and  say  when  the  first  volume  dealing  with 
it  made  its  appearance  1  N.  E.  R. 

BRASS  IN  WINSLOW  CHURCH.— In  St.  Lau- 
rence's Parish  Church  at  Winslow  there  is  a 
brass  sunk  in  a  recumbent  tombstone,  dated 
1578,  in  memory  of  "  Thomas  fnge  &  Janne 
his  wyfe,"  bearing  these  arms :  Quarterly, 

1  and  4,  a  fesse  between  three  fleurs  de  lys  ; 

2  and  3,  on  a  bend  three  molets  pierced .    It 
seems  peculiar,  as  in  the  second  and  third 
quarters  the  bend  is  transposed,  that  in  the 
second  being  a  dexter  bend,  while  that  in  the 
third  is  sinisterwise. 

I  shall  be  glad  of  any  information  as  to 
whether  these  two  quarters  represent  the 
coats  of  different  families,  or  whether  the 
bends  were  merely  transposed  by  the  caprice 
of  the  craftsman.  If  the  former,  it  will  be 
interesting  to  know  what  two  families  bear 
coats  so  very  similar ;  if  the  latter,  the  reason 
for  transposing  the  ordinary. 

The  arms  appear  to  have  been  elaborately 
wrought,  and  may,  I  suppose,  originally  have 
shown  the  tinctures,  all  traces  of  which  are 
now  absent.  The  field  of  the  first  and  fourth 
quarters  is  irregularly  grooved,  and  shows  in 
one  place  remains  of  plaster,  while  the  fleurs 
de  lys  and  fesses  are  formed  of  lead  sunk  in 


io"  s.  ii.  NOV.  12. 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


389 


the  brass,  as  is  also  the  field  of  the  second 
and  third  quarters,  while  here  and  there  on 
the  lead  are  traces  of  hammered-in  brass  wire 
in  such  irregular  lines  that  it  does  not  seem 
likely  that  they  were  intended  to  indicate 
tinctures  in  the  heraldic  manner. 

Any  light  on  the  subject  would  be  very 
acceptable.  LLEWELYN  LLOYD. 

Blake  House,  Winelow,  Bucks. 

SHAKESPEARE'S  WIFE.  —  In  his  *  Life  of 
Shakespeare '  Mr.  Sidney  Lee  says  :— 

"Anne  and  Agnes  were  in  the  sixteenth  century 
alternative  spellings  of  the  same  Christian  name  ; 
and  there  is  little  doubt  that  the  daughter  '  Agnes' 
of  Richard  Hathaway's  will  became,  within  a  few 
months  of  Richard  Hathaway's  death,  Shakespeare's 

I  have  not  little,  but  great  doubt  of  it.  I 
would  ask  any  of  your  readers  if  Mr.  Lee's 
statement  can  be  corroborated  that  Agnes 
and  Anne  were  the  same  in  the  days  of 
Shakespere.  I  have  gone  over  many  docu- 
ments, and  find  as  the  alternative  for  Agnes, 
often  in  the  same  deed,  Annas,  but  never  for 
Ann  or  Anne. 

If  I  am  correct  in  my  contention,  the 
Agnes,  daughter  of  Richard  Hathaway,  is 
ruled  out,  and  the  cottage  at  Shottery  is  at 
once  demolished.  GEORGE  STRONACH. 

[In  the  Barnstaple  Parish  Registers  Agnes  is 
frequently  spelt  Angnis.  See  ante,  p.  239,  col.  1, 
1.2.] 

JOHN  KERNE,  DEAN  OF  WORCESTER.  —  On 
15  May,  1539,  George  Wishart  preached  in 
St.  Nicholas's  Church,  Bristol,  a  sermon 
which  was  counted  heretical,  whereupon  he 
"  was  accused  by  M.  John  Kerne,  Deane  of 
this  Diocese  of  Worcestre  "  (Ricart's  *  Kalen- 
dar,'  Camden  Soc.,  p.  55).  This  statement  is 
repeated,  on  Ricart's  authority,  in  the  'D.N.B.' 
Ixii.  248  b,  where  Kerne  is  called  "dean  of 
Worcester."  Who  was  John  Kerne?  There 
was  no  Dean  of  Worcester  until  1541 ;  Henry 
Holbech  (alias  Rands),  the  last  prior,  so 
appointed  in  1535,  became  the  first  dean  in 
1541,  and  was  followed  by  John  Barlow  in 
1544.  Ricart  says  that  Kerne  was  "  dean  of 
the  diocese,"  for  Bristol  was  then  in  the 
diocese  of  Worcester.  It  cannot  be  a  mistake 
for  John  Bell,  bishop,  for  Latimer  did  not 
resign  until  July,  1539.  Probably  Kerne  \yas 
the  (rural)  dean  of  the  deanery  in  which 
St.  Nicholas's  Church  was  situated. 

W.  C.  B. 

INDEX  SOCIETY.— I  note  the  editorial  refer- 
ence (ante,  p.  258)  to  "our  index  societies." 
Information  had  reached  me  that  when  the 
Index  Society  was  incorporated  with  the 
British  Record  Society,  Limited,  the  latter 


took  over  only  the  publications  and  not  the 
work  of  the  former.  I  am  told  that  there 
does  not  exist  to-day  any  society  having  the 
object  and  scope  of  the  old  Index  Society.  I 
should  be  glad  to  be  informed  of  the  addresses 
of  the  secretaries  of  any  general  index 
societies  in  England.  EUGENE  F.  McPiKE. 
Chicago,  U.S. 

FULLING  DAYS.— I  should  be  glad  of  an 
explanation  of  the  term  "fulling  days,"  as 
used  in  the  following  extract  from  what 
professes  to  be  a  copy  of  Kirby's  Quest,  of 
24  Ed.  I.,  in  Exch.  T.  of  R.,  Misc.  B'k,  72 
(Record  Office)  :— 

"  Declarators  Cur'  Milit'  de  Okehampton  de  trilz 
septimanis  in  tres  septima'." — Fol.  192. 

"Decenn'  Hundr'  de  Plympton ;  Tuthing  de 
Wodford  ven.  v.  man'  ad  tres  xv  dies  et  ad  tres 
fulling  days"— Fol.  195. 

Were  these,  perhaps,  days  on  which  fulling 
mills  other  than  the  lords'  were  allowed  to 
work?  I  have  met  with  cases  relating  to 
monopolies  of  manorial  corn-mills  and  con- 
cessions to  those  of  tenants,  but  not  with  any 
similar  ones  concerning  cloth-mills,  and  never 
before  with  the  term  "  fulling  days." 

ETHEL  LEGA-WEEKES. 

EMERNENSI  AGRO.— What  locality  is  this? 
It  occurs  on  a  tablet  in  a  Shropshire  church 
to  a  gentleman  named  MacGilray.  The 
neighbourhood  of  the  Mourne  Mountains,  in 
Ireland,  has  been  suggested.  I  do  not  find 
the  word  in  Trice  Martin's  'Record  Inter- 
preter '  or  any  similar  book  in  my  possession. 

W.  G.  D.  F. 

LOUTHERBOURGH. — I  have  a  pair  of  old 
prints  of  Hampstead  Heath,  winter  and 
summer  views,  after  J.  P.  de  Loutherbourgh. 
Can  any  one  tell  me  where  the  original 
paintings  are  ?  JNO.  R.  BEVERIDGE. 

SANDERSON  FAMILY.— Any  particulars  of 
persons  of  this  name  living  at  Sawtry  and 
Folkesworth,  Hunts  ;  Pilton,  Northants ;  or 
Bitteswell,  Leicestershire,  would  be  very 
thankfully  received  by  the  undersigned. 
Members  of  the  family  were  living  at  the 
above  places  in  the  seventeenth  and  eigh- 
teenth centuries.  CHAS.  H.  CROUCH. 

5,  Grove  Villas,  Wanstead. 

BLOOD  USED  IN  BUILDING.  —  In  an  article 
on  this  subject  in  the  Interme'diaire  for 
30  April  it  is  said  that  in  1421,  while  the 
inhabitants  of  Lanciano  were  constructing 
their  port,  the  people  of  Ortona,  a  rival 
city,  tried  to  hinder  the  work.  The  men  of 
Lanciano  resisted,  and  at  length  beat  the 
enemy  completely.  The  conquerors  cut  off 
the  noses  and  ears  of  the  prisoners,  and  then 


390 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  NOV.  12, 190*. 


sent  them  back  to  their  own  country.  The 
noses  and  ears  were  hung  in  the  fish-market. 

"In  the  middle  of  the  Piazza  Maggiore was 

raised  a  column  which  was  called  the  Vendetta 
(Vengeance),  the  lime  being  mixed  with  the  blood 
of  the  slain  enemies.  This  tower,  which  was  later 
called  the  Scomunica  (Excommunication),  still  exists 
to-day." 

Could  mortar  be  thus  made  with  the  blood 
of  dead  enemies,  unless  that  blood  was  per- 
fectly fresh  ? — which  would  scarcely  be  the 
case  in  this  instance.  The  struggles  between 
town  and  town  in  mediaeval  Italy  were,  surely, 
too  serious  to  allow  leisure  for  collecting  and 
using  the  blood  of  the  fallen  while  it  was 
still  fluid.  X.  Z. 


H  IN  COCKNEY,  USE  OR  OMISSION. 
(10th  S.  ii.  307,  351.) 

SWEET  in  his  '  History  of  English  Sounds, 
Oxford,  1888,  §888,  says  :— 

"  Initial  h,  which  was  preserved  throughout  [the 
sixteenth  and  seventeenth  centuries],  began  to  be 
dropt  everywhere  in  colloquial  speech  towards  the 
end  of  [the  eighteenth  century],  but  has  now  been 
restored  in  refined  speech  by  the  influence  of  the 
spelling,  which  has  introduced  it  into  many  French 
words  where  it  was  originally  silent,  as  in  humble." 

In  a  later  work  (*  New  English  Grammar,' 
Oxford,  1900,  §  864)  Sweet  says  that  h 
"  has  now  been  restored  in  Standard  English  by 
the  combined  influence  of  the  spelling  and  of  the 
speakers  of  Scotch  and  Irish  English,  where  it  has 
always  been  preserved.  It  is  also  preserved  in 
American  English,  while  it  has  been  almost  com- 
pletely lost  in  the  dialects  of  England — including 
Cockney  English — as  also  in  vulgar  Australian." 

This  last  statement  must  be  considered  as  a 
correction  of  §  973  of  the  *  History  of  Eng- 
lish Sounds ' : — 

"  In  Vulgar  English— as  also  in  most  of  the  Living 
English  dialects  (but  not  in  Scotch,  Irish,  American 
and  Australasian) — h  is  dropt,  being,  on  the  other 
hand,  sometimes  retained  or  added  before  an 
emphatic  vowel." 

There  has  always  been  a  tendency  to  drop 
the  h  in  English.    Thus  we  read  in  Sweet': 
'History  of  English   Sounds,'  §  497,   "Thi 
occasional   omission   of  an   initial  h  occur 
[in  the  MSS.]  throughout  the  Old  English 
period,"    c.   700-1150    A.D.,    while    "A   wa 
regularly  dropt  in  unstrest  syllables  "  (§  500) 
"The  Old  English  dropping  of  unstrest  } 
led  to  its  complete  loss  in  the  case  of  the 
pronoun  hit "  in  the  Midland  and  Norther 
dialects  of  Middle  English  (§  724),  whence 
our  modern  English  it. 

According   to  Ellis,   'Early  English   Pro 
nunciation,'  v.  227  (1889),  the  interchange  o 


as  in  art,  harm,  for  heart,  arm,  is  one  of 
he  cockneyisms  noted  by  John  Walker  in  his 
Critical  Pronouncing  Dictionary,'  1791. 

In  Fielding's  'Tom  Jones '  (1749),  book  xv. 
h.  x.,  there  is  an  illiterate  letter  written  by 
Sophia  Western's  maid,  Mrs.  Honour,  in  this 
tyle  :  "For  to  bee  sur,  Sir,  you  nose  very 
well  that  evere  persun  must  look  furst  at 
?me."  But  here,  and  again  when  she  writes 
'  I  shud  ave  bin,"  Mrs.  Honour  displays  the 
Somersetshire,  not  the  cockney  indifference 
;o  h.  She  was  a  parson's  grandchild,  but 
not  a  Londoner.  The  gypsy  king  says  'ave 
n  book  xii.  ch.  xii.  of  the  same  work. 

Sweet's    remarks    in    his    *  Handbook    of 

honetics,'  Oxford,   1877,  p.  194,  are  worth 
quoting  in  this  connexion  : — 

"  It  is  certain  that  if  English  had  been  left  to 
tself  the  sound  h  would  have  been  as  completely 
ost  in  the  standard  language  as  it  has  been  in  most 
>f  the  dialects.  But  the  distinction  between  house 
,nd  'ouse,  although  in  itself  a  comparatively  slight 
_ne,  being  easily  marked  in  writing,  such  spellings 
as  'ouse  came  to  be  used  in  novels,  &c.,  as  an  easy 
way  of  suggesting  a  vulgar  speaker.  The  result 
,vas  to  produce  a  purely  artificial  reaction  against 
:he  natural  tendency  to  drop  the  h,  its  retention 
jeing  now  considered  an  almost  infallible  test  of 
education  and  refinement." 

Miss  Burney's  *  Evelina'  (1778)  might  be 
searched  for  the  cockney  h.  It  certainly 
records  plenty  of  other  contemporary 
vulgarisms.  L.  K.  M.  STRACHAN. 

Heidelberg,  Germany. 

I  should  like  to  correct  the  very  common 
assumption  that  Shakespeare  may  have 
dropped  the  h  in  hair  merely  because  he 
wrote  an  hair.  This  is  a  good  example  of 
the  persistent  manner  in  which  we  wholly 
neglect  the  history  of  our  language  and 
resolutely  abstain  from  consulting  good 
authorities.  The  right  statement  of  the  case 
is  to  be  found,  of  course,  in  'H.E.D.,'  s.v. 
'An.'  We  there  find  :— 

",4?iwas  often  retained  before  w  and  y  in  the 
fifteenth  century,  as  an  tvood,  an  woman,  an  yere, 
such  an  one,  and  was  regular  before  h  down  to  the 
seventeenth  century,  as  an  house,  an  happy,  an 
hundred,  an  head  (1665).  Its  history  thus  shows 
a  gradual  suppression  of  the  n  before  consonants 
of  all  kinds,  and  in  all  positions.  For  illustrations, 
see  A,  adj.  (2)." 

The  above  absurd  charge  has  been  brought 
against  Shakespeare  for  no  other  reason  than 
because  he  lived  when  such  usages  were 
customary.  It  is  a  hard  case,  and  my  sym- 
pathies are  with  the  bard.  Johnson,  in  1763, 
wrote  "  an  yearly  pension." 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

It  is  a  mistake  to  characterize  the  misuse 
of  the  h  as  a  cockney  peculiarity.  It  occurs 
everywhere  amongst  uneducated  people, 


.  ii.  NOV.  12,  ISM.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


391 


•except  perhaps  in  Norfolk.  It  is  extremely 
common  in  Shropshire,  and  neither  my  cook, 
•who  comes  from  Bucks,  nor  the  other 
servants,  who  hail  from  different  parts  of 
Kent,  are  ever  guilty  of  an  aspirated  h.  It 
has  often  been  observed  that  the  London 
dialect  of  the  present  day  is  quite  different 
from  that  which  prevailed  in  the  time  oi 
Dickens.  This  is  probably  due  to  the  growth 
of  the  city  in  the  direction  of  Essex,  where 
lidy  for  lady,  piper  for  paper,  &c.,  are  gener 
ally  heard,  though  this  pronunciation  is  not 
altogether  confined  to  that  county. 

W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

In  the  poetry  of  Chaucer  and  Spenser,  as 
well  as  in  the  Bible,  we  find  an  before  h. 
Shakspeare  generally,  not  always,  and 
Bacon,  I  think,  always  use  a  before  h  in  such 
words  as  horse,  &c.  But  in  the  Spectator  of 
Addison  and  Steele  an  is  found  frequently 
before  words  beginning  with  h  which  would 
be  aspirated  in  the  present  day.  It  seems 
likely  that  our  ancestors  aspirated  less  than 
we  do.  E.  YARDLEY. 

There  is  room  for  an  instructive  study  of 
the  use  and  the  decadence  of  this  aspirate 
if  any  one  has  time  to  tackle  the  subject  in  a 
painstaking  and  scholarly  way.  There  are 
several  districts  where  the  failure  of  the 
aspirate  is  a  feature  of  the  dialect,  far  beyond 
the  sound  of  Bow  bells— notably  in  Warwick- 
shire, Worcestershire,  and  Yorkshire.  It  is 
unquestionably  caused  by  the  alien  element. 
Wherever  the  French,  Italian,  or  Flemish 
immigrant  has  mixed  with  our  population, 
the  English  tongue  has  been  corrupted  in 
more  than  one  direction  ;  but  most  specially 
is  this  traceable  in  the  loss  of  the  letter  h. 
The  Latin  or  Romance  languages  scarce 
possess  any  aspirate,  a  circumstance  that 
•will  be  noticed  in  any  verbal  intercourse  with 
foreigners  in  England  at  this  very  day.  The 
reason  why  educated  persons  adhere  to  the 
aspirate  lies  in  the  fact  that  they  do  not 
follow  the  slipshod,  hasty  speech  of  the 
uneducated,  who  have  never  thought  to 
appreciate  the  glory  of  their  mother  tongue 
as  derived  from  Scandinavian  ancestors. 
Most  probably  the  reason  why  "Shakespeare 
did  not  notice  the  cockney  in  his  plays"  was 
that  in  his  day  the  corruption  had  scarcely 
•begun.  It  was  not  developed  till  long  after 
his  time.  Even  the  dramatists  of  the 
eighteenth  century  do  not  make  game  of  the 
•cockney's  h.  Not  until  the  more  general 
admission  of  foreigners  into  this  country, 
at  the  period  of  the  French  Revolution  and 
afterwards,  did  this  distinctive  vulgarism 
appear  to  any  great  extent. 


I      I  do  not  believe  the  thing  is  incurable. 

I  From  experiments  of  my  own,  I  should  say 

j  it  would  be  possible  to  inspire  our  boys  witJi 

i  greater  pride  in  linguistic   purity.     I  have 

spoken  to  Board  School  teachers  on  the  point, 

with    discouraging    results,   the  excuse  for 

neglect  of  the  matter  being   thrown  upon 

home  influence,  which  was  thought  likely  to 

overbear  any  efforts  made  in  school  hours  to 

improve  the  popular  speech.    But  as  it  is  not 

uncommon  to  hear  pupil-teachers  drop  their 

h,    it    would    seem    that    there  is   extreme 

apathy  in  the  business.      EDWARD  SMITH. 

Wandsworth. 

May  I  suggest  that  the  misuse  of  the  h  in 
cockney  is  explicable  on  simple  psychological 
principles,  without  having  recourse  to  theories 
of  Huguenot  tradition  or  the  like  ?  Correct 
pronunciation  is  the  automatic  product  of  a 
cultivated  ear,  and  the  self-conscious  struggles 
of  a  semi-educated  person  to  speak  elegantly 
prevent  him  from  using  the  natural  and  easy 
pronunciation,  and  thus  lead  to  cacophonous 
blunders,  as  certainly  as  the  struggles  of  a 
person  learning  to  bicycle  impel  him  to  run 
into  every  passing  cart.  Affectation  and  the 
teaching  of  grammar  in  elementary  schools 
are  responsible  for  most  of  the  vulgarisms  of 
our  present  diction.  C. 


CORKS (10th  S.  ii.  347).— There  are  two  games 
— an  outdoor  and  an  indoor— known  &sjeu  de 
bouchon  in  France.  The  former  is  a  mixture 
of  quoits  and  bowls.  The  players  throw 
discs  of  lead  (or  five-franc  pieces)  at  a  cork 
placed  on  the  ground  some  six  or  eight  yards 
3ff.  The  cork  may  be  knocked  away  from 
its  original  position,  and  points  are  scored 
by  the  players  whose  discs  lie  nearest  the 
cork  at  the  end  of  the  round. 

The  indoor  game  is  played  on  a  billiard 
table,  and  is  a  variety  of  "  skittle-pool."  A 
cork  is  placed  in  the  centre  of  the  table  in  the 
middle  of  a  lozenge  formed  by  four  *'  skittles," 
or  wooden  pegs.  Each  player  puts  a  stake 

usually  a  sou)  on  the  cork.  Only  two  balls 
— the  red  and  a  white— are  used.  Each 
player  plays  with  the  red  ball  on  the  white, 
and  if  the  white  strikes  a  cushion  and  after- 
wards knocks  down  the  cork,  the  player  of 
the  stroke  takes  the  pool  ;  but  if  either  ball 

nocks  down  a  skittle,  the  player  has  to  put 
down  another  stake.    As  the  game  mentioned 
jy  Stevenson  was   played  in  a  cafe  in  the 
evening,  it  was,  no  doubt,  the  billiard  game. 
ROBERT  B.  DOUGLAS. 

64,  Rue  des  Martyrs,  Paris. 

It  is,  I  think,  the  French  feu  de  boiuchon, 
well  known  in  Belgium  too.  An  ordinary 


392 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  NOV.  12, 1904. 


bottle  cork  is  placed  upright  on  the  floor, 
with  the  stakes  of  the  players  piled  on  the 
top,  and  every  player  tries,  from  a  distance 
determined  beforehand,  to  upset  cork  and 
money,  with  a  big  sou,  or  a  five-franc  coin, 
or  a  small  metal  disc  called  palet. 

B.  H.  G. 
Paris. 

This  game  ought  to  be  nothing  else  than 
the  French  jeude  bouchon,  in  which  the  stakes 
are  usually  put  on  the  top  of  an  upright 
bottle  cork.  It  is  a  very  common  game 
amongst  French  people ;  but  it  is  difficult 
to  understand  how  the  English  fruiterer 
"dropped  a  good  deal  of  money"  at  it, 
unless  he  put  sovereigns  on  the  cork  instead 
of  sous,  or  even  less,  as  the  players  ordinarily 
do.  .  KOULLIER. 

Milan. 

This  must  be  the  French  game  of  bouchon, 
a  kind  of  miniature  game  of  quoits,  similar 
to  the  game  of  palet.  It  is  also  called 
bombicke,  galoche,  and  riquelette.  The  manner 
of  playing  it  is  to  be  found  in  most  French 
dictionaries  of  games.  The  fullest  descrip- 
tion ^is  the  one  given  in  the  '  Grande  Ency- 
clopedic Generate  des  Jeux,'  by  Benjamin 
Kfteao.  F.  JESSEL. 

Littre,  sub  nomine  l  Bouchon,'  has  :  "  2°  jeu 
dans  lequel  on  met  des  pieces  de  monnaie  sur 
un  bouchon  qu'il  s'agit  d'abattre  avec  un 
palet."  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

For  an  interesting  account  of  the  game 
of  corks,  and  two  illustrations,  I  refer  MR. 
STRACHAN  to  pp.  28-9  of  Ward,  Lock  &  Co.'s 
'  Scientific  Recreations,'  1885. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

Thanks  to  the  Editor's  explanation  of 
"  trousered  "  (ante,  p.  327),  I  am  now  able 
to  answer  my  own  query.  "Corks"  must 
evidently  be  the  jeu  de  bouchon,  which  I  find 
explained  in  a  French  -  German  dictionary 
as  a  game  played  with  a  sou  laid  on  a  cork, 
the  object  being  to  knock  the  coin  off.  I 
presume  it  is  played  on  a  billiard  table. 

L.  E.  M.  STRACHAN. 

Heidelberg,  Germany. 

HOLBORN  (10th  S.  ii.  308).— On  p.  116  of 
'London  Street  Names,'  Mr.  F.  H.  Habben, 
B.A.,  writes  : — 

™"H-°lb°arn  was  originally  the  continuation  of 
Watling  Street  after  its  exit  from  the  City  through 
the  West  (afterwards  the  New)  Gate.  The  name  of 
Holboru  was  subsequently  imposed  by  reason  of  its 
eing  the  highway  from  Holborn  Bridge,  which, 
just  outside  the  New  Gate,  spanned  the  Hole  Bourne 
in  that  part  of  its  course  where  it  was  about  to 
change  its  name  to  the  River  Fleet." 


As  to  the  derivation  of  Hole  Bourne,  Mr» 
Habben  appears  to  be  of  the  same  opinion 
as  Isaac  Taylor,  quoted  by  MR.  UNDERDOWN, 
viz.,  that  it  is  "the  bourne  in  the  hollow." 

With  regard  to  the  query  as  to  whether  it 
was  not  called  "Old borne  Hill"  because 
criminals  were  borne  up  the  hill  on  their 
way  to  Tyburn,  the  following  extract  from 
'London,  Past  and  Present,'  by  Henry  B. 
Wheatley,  F.S.A.,  vol.  ii.  (1891),  pp.  219-22, 
may  throw  some  light  on  the  subject  :— 

"  That  Holborn  was  so  called  of  the  Old  Bourne 
or  brook,  which  ran  down  the  Hill  or  (Street,  has 
been  accepted  almost  without  question  till  within 
the  last  few  years,  but,  after  investigation,  must  be 
given  up.  Old  is  a  most  unlikely  term  to  apply  to 
a  brook,  and  if  it  had  been  so  named  the  A.-S. 
spelling  would  have  been  Aid.  Yet  as  early  as  the 
Domesday  Survey  we  find  what  appears  to  have 
been  a  hamlet  or  small  village  here  named  Hole- 
burne :  hole— a  hollow,  a  valley 

"  This  was  the  old  road  from  Newgate  and  the 
Tower  to  the  gallows  at  Tyburn  : — 

Knockem.  What!  my  little  lean  Ursula  !  my  she- 
bear  !  art  thou  alive  yet  with  my  litter  of  pigs  to- 
grunt  out  another  Bartholomew  Fair?  ha  ! 

Ursula.  Yes,  and  to  amble  a  foot,  when  the  Fair 
is  done,  to  hear  you  groan  out  of  a  cart  up  the 
Heavy  Hill. 

Knockem.  Of  Holborn,  Ursula,  mean'st  thou  so  ? 
Ben  Jonson's  'Bartholomew  Fair.' 

Aldo.  Daughter  Pad  ;  you  are  welcome.  What, 
you  have  performed  the  last  Christian  office  to  your 
keeper  ;  I  saw  you  follow  him  up  the  Heavy  Hill  to 
Tyburn. — Dryden's  'Limberham,'  4to,  1678. 

Sir  Sampson.  Sirrah,  you  '11  be  hanged ;  I  shall 
live  to  see  you  go  up  the  Holborn  Hill.— Congreve's 
'  Love  for  Love,'  4to,  1695. 

Polly.  Now  I'm  a  wretch,  indeed.  Methinks  I 
see  him  already  in  the  Cart  sweeter  and  more  lovely 
than  the  nosegay  in  his  hand  !  I  hear  the  crowd 
extolling  his  resolution  and  intrepidity !  What 
vollies  of  sighs  are  sent  from  the  windows  of  Hol- 
born that  so  comely  a  youth  should  be  brought  to- 
disgrace  !  I  see  him  at  the  tree.— Gay,  '  The  Beg- 
gar's Opera,'  8vo,  1728. 

As  clever  Tom  Clinch,  while  the  rabble  was  bawling, 
Rode  stately  through  Holborn  to  die  in  his  calling, 
He  stopped  at  the  George  for  a  bottle  of  sack, 
And  promised  to  pay  for  it  when  he  came  back. 
His  waistcoat  and  stockings    and    breeches  were 

white ; 

His  cap  had  a  new  cherry-ribbon  to  tie  't. 
The  Maids  to  the  doors  and  the  balconies  ran, 
And  said,  '  Lack-a-day  he 's  a  proper  young  man  ! ' 

Swift,  '  Clever  Toni  Clinch  going  to  be  Hanged,' 
1727." 

Is  there  any  authority  for  the  idea  that 
the  fact  of  criminals  being  driven  up  the 
Hill  originated  the  name  Old  borne  Hill  or 
Hilborn?  G.  L.  HALES. 

There  seems  to  be  something  in  the  word 

hoi "  which  has  not  yet  been  accounted  for. 

It  is  intimately  connected  with  water-words, 

where  the  idea  of  hollowness  is  not  specially 

characteristic.      Thus    we    have    Holbeach, 


.  ii.  NOV.  is,  loo*.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


393 


Holbeck,  Holborn,  Holbrook,  Holburn,  Hoi- 
ditch,  Holford,  Holwell.  The  duplication  in 
sense  is  not  uncommon.  I  cannot  help 
thinking  that  the  first  syllable  of  Holderness 
(Chaucer's  "  marshy  land  ")  is  connected  with 
the  name  of  the  river  Hull,  which  forms  the 
western  boundary  of  that  district.  A  short 
distance  south  there  is  the  marshy  part  of 
Lincolnshire  called  Holland.  W.  C.  B. 

NORTHERN  AND  SOUTHERN  PRONUNCIATION 
(10th  S.  i.  508  ;  ii.  256,  317).— This  heading 
was  used  by  YORK— not  particularly  chosen 
by  the  present  writer.  I  am  well  aware  that 
there  are  other  English  pronunciations ;  but 
after  all,  and  notwithstanding  this,  there  is 
surely  but  one  English  alphabet;  and  if  that 
alphabet  is  not  to  be  taken  as  our  standard 
for  pronunciation,  we  have  none,  and  every- 
thing is  arbitrary.  PROF.  SKEAT  remarks, 
"  To  say  that  our  first  letter  is  «,  not  a,  tells  us 
nothing  at  all,  unless  we  are  first  informed 
what  sounds  such  symbols  are  meant  to  repre- 
sent." I  cannot  understand  such  a  remark. 
I  had  thought  that  every  one  would  allow 
that  the  first  letter  of  the  English  alphabet 
is  a  sound  that  rimes  with  sa?/,  payy  day,  &c .' 
and  surely  one  must  have  some  recognized 
symbol  to  represent  that  sound.  To  argue 
about  that  first  letter's  sound— or  the  "sym- 
bol "for  that  first  letter— seems  to  me  akin 
to  quarrelling  about  the  value  of  the  regula- 
tion coins  of  the  realm.  As  to  any  objection 
that  r  in  arsk,  parss,  larst,  &c.,  may  by  some 
be  supposed  "to  be  trilled,"  I  would  submit 
that — out  of  Scotland— that  certainly  would 
be  "slippery";  for,  if  so,  what  would  two 
r's  (rr)  in  reason  stand  for  ? 

MR.  J.  T.  PAGE'S  remarks  about  ahsk,pahss, 
lahst,  &c.,  would  not  find  acceptance  with  me, 
as  a  Northern  Englishman,  at  all ;  because  I 
could  not  allow  that  ah  need  have,  or  that, 
from  the  "English"  point  of  view,  it  pro- 
perly should  have,  the  sound  which  he 
(arbitrarily)  assigns  to  it.  In  fact,  ah  (ar, 
not  arr)  is  not  a  Northern  English  vowel- 
sound  ;  it  is  much  too  Southern,  much  too 
continental,  much  too  foreign. 

YORKSHIREMAN. 

JOHN  TREGORTHA,  OF  BURSLEM  (10th  S.  ii. 
289).— MR.  GREGORY  GRUSELIER  is  referred 
to  '  Bibliotheja  Stafford ien sis,'  a  work  issued 
in  1894  under  exceptionally  great  disadvan- 
tages by  one  whom  I  arn  proud  to  call  my 
personal  friend — Mr.  Rupert  Simms,  of  NONV- 
castle-under-Lyme.  This  monumental  biblio- 
graphy of  Staffordshire  (which  was  noticed 
at  8th  S.  vi.  520)  contains  more  than  five 
columns  of  references  to  works  published  by 
John  Tregortha,  and  gives  also  a  brief  account 


of  his  career.  He  was  born  in  Cornwall  (no 
date  or  place  given),  and  was  a  Wesleyan 
minister  up  to  1795,  being  stationed  at 
Burslem  in  1787.  He  became  a  printer  and 
bookseller  in  1796,  continuing  the  business- 
till  his  death,  which  took  place  on  9  January, 
1821. 

According  to  Mr.  Simms's  list,  Mr.  Tre- 
gortha's  first  publication  was  issued  in  1796r 
and  was  entitled  'The  Christian's  Guide  to 
Holiness.'  Mr.  Simms  states  that  a  portrait 
of  Tregortha  may  be  found  in  the  Arniiniain 
Magazine,  for  1790,  p.  505,  and  credits  his 
namesake  son  with  the  composition  of  '  Verses 
on  the  late  Mr.  John  Tregortha,  of  Burslem, 
Staffordshire,  who  died  on  9  January,  1821, * 
12mo,  pp.  4.  Mr.  Simms  says  he  has  "no 
other  trace  of  him,"  and  asks  ('Bibliotheca 
Staffordiensis,  p.  465)  "whether  issued  before- 
name  was  changed,  as  I  find  in  1834  Charles 
Gorst  Tregortha  (a  son  of  the  printer)  in 
business  in  Swan  Square,  Burslem." 

Of  this  Charles  Gorst  Tregortha,  Mr. 
Simrns  says  he  was  in  business  as  a  printer 
and  dealer  in  books  at  Swan  Square, 
Burslem,  and  afterwards  of  Waterloo  Road, 
quoting  from  White's  'Staffordshire,'  1834 
edition. 

I  am  now  able  to  quote  from  the  1828 
edition  of  Pigot  &  Co.'s  Directory,  which 
states  that  John  and  Charles  Tregortha  were 
in  business  as  printers  in  the  Market  Place, 
Burslem,  in  that  year.  The  1835  edition  of 
the  same  work  mentions  only  Charles  Gorst, 
giving  the  address  as  of  Swan  Square.  I 
have  several  other  directories  of  Stafford- 
shire of  much  later  date  than  this,  but  tho 
name  does  not  occur  after  1835  in  any  of 
them. 

Mr.  Simms  begins  his  list  of  Tregortha's 
works  with  the  following  quatrain  :— 
Now  old  Tregortha  'a  dead  and  gone, 

We  ne'er  shall  ace  him  more  : 
He  used  to  wear  an  old  grey  coat 
All  buttoned  down  before. 

The  last  two  lines  to  be  repeated. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 
Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

LONDON  CEMETERIES  IN  18GO  (10th  S.  ii. 
169,  296).— MR.  HOLDEN  MAcMiCHAEL  states 
in  his  interesting  reply,  "  There  is,  or  was,  the 
East  London  Cemetery  in  White  Horse  Lane, 
Stepney."  I  shall  be  very  glad  if  any  of 
your  correspondents  can  locate  this  burying- 
ground,  or  give  any  further  information  con- 
cerning it. 

When  I  was  engaged  some  years  ago  in 
copying  the  inscriptions  and  heraldry  from 
Stepney  Church  and  Churchyard,  I  noticed 
several  gravestones  standing  amongst  the 


394 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES.      [io*  s.  n.  NOV.  12,  MO*. 


houses  in  White  Horse  Lane  (or  Street,  as  I 
believe  it  is  now  called).  They  were  some 
little  distance  south  of  the  churchyard,  on 
the  east  side  of  the  road.  I  intended  in- 
vestigating them,  but  left  without  doing  so. 
Is  my  theory — that  these  occupy  part  of  the 
site  of  the  cemetery  mentioned  by  MR.  MAC- 
MICHAEL—  correct  1  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 
West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

Both  ME.  HAKLAND-OXLEY  and  MR.  MAC- 
MICHAEL  omit  to  mention  the  little,  sadly 
overcrowded  burial  -  ground  situated  in 
Church  Row  (now  Street),  Islington,  N., 
which  was  finally  closed  for  burial  pur- 
poses about  this  date.  In  1817  a  Noncon- 
formist minister  named  Jones  purchased  the 
copyhold  of  No.  5,  Church  Row,  and  con- 
verted the  grounds  in  the  immediate  rear 
into  what  was  known  as  "Jones's  Burial- 
Ground  "  and  "  The  New  Bunhill  Fields."  I 
remember  its  condition  in  the  fifties  as  most 
scandalous — skulls,  thigh-bones,  and  fibulae 
were  kicking  about  above  ground  by  the  score 
— and  much  indignant  correspondence  took 
place  relative  to  this  condition  of  things  in 
the  Islington  Gazette  (particularly  about  the 
close  of  1856),  the  writers  urging  that  the 
then  owner  was  interdicted  by  law  from 
continuing  to  use  the  chock -ful  enclosure  for 
further  burials.  It  was  finally  let  for  build- 
ing purposes,  and  the  major  part  of  the 
present  generation  who  reside  thereabouts 
are  possibly  unaware  a  graveyard  ever  existed 
there  in  modern  times  at  all. 

I  know  a  similar  instance  of  total  oblitera- 
tion at  Carrara.  Many  readers  will  probably 
remember  the  cemetery  there,  situated  four 
or  five  minutes'  walk  from  the  present  rail- 
way station.  It  has  been  entirely  wiped  off 
the  face  of  the  earth,  and  a  theatre  and  other 
buildings  now  occupy  the  spot  where  not  so 
very  long  ago  its  inhabitants  were  wont  to 
kneel  by  the  gravesides  of  their  departed 
loved  ones.  HARRY  HEMS. 

Fair  Park,  Exeter. 

The  chief  credit  for  putting  a  stop  to 
Intra-mural  burials  may,  I  think,  be  assigned 
to  the  Builder,  under  the  editorship  of 
George  Godwin,  F.R.S.,  F.S.A ,  and  it  was 
about  the  year  with  which  MR.  HOPKINS'S 
inquiry  is  concerned,  1860,  that  the  cam- 
paign against  intra  -  mural  burial  was 
opened.  The  Builder  spoke  out  on  the 
subject  in  very  decided  language— an  out- 
spokenness which  led  to  the  abolition  of  the 
disgraceful  overcrowding  and  appallingly  in- 
sanitary conditions  which  then  existed. 
The  burial-ground  attached  to  the  Tottenham 
Court  Road  Chapel  was  still,  in  1860,  being 


overcrowded  apparently  (see  the  Builder  for 
30  April,  1864),  and  should  be  included  in 
the  list.  Much  further  information  will  be 
found  with  regard  to  the  London  cemeteries 
in  the  Builder  from  1850  to  1870. 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

CRICKET  (10th  S.  ii.  145).— The  advertise- 
ment to  which  I  referred  in  my  communica- 
tion at  the  above  reference  is  contained  in 
the  Post-Man  of  Tuesday,  24  July,  1705,  as 
follows  :  — 

*'  This  is  to  give  notice,  That  a  Match  at  Cricket 
is  to  be  plaid  [sa'c=played]  between  11  Gentlemen 
of  the  West  part  of  the  County  of  Kent  against  as 
many  of  Chatham,  for  11  Guineas  a  Man,  at  Maul- 
den  in  Kent,  on  the  7th  of  August  next." 

The  earliest  newspaper  paragraph  relating 
to  a  cricket  match  that  my  researches  have 
brought  forth  is,  however,  in  the  Post  Boy  of 
Saturday,  30  March,  1700,  viz.  :— 

"  These  are  to  inform  Gentlemen,  or  others,  who 
delight  in  Cricket-playing,  That  a  Match  at  Cricket 
of  10  [sic]  Gentlemen  on  each  side,  will  be  Play'd 
on  Clapham-Common  [co.  Surrey]  near  Fox-Hall 
(WVauxhall  ?]  on  Easter-Monday  next  [1  April],  for 
10£.  a  Head  each  Game  (five  being  design'd)  and  2W. 
the  Odd  one :  And  after  that  Diversion  is  ended, 
any  Maid  may  Run  for  a  fine  Flanders  Lac'd  Smock, 
Value  4^.  they  being  to  start  exactly  at  Three  from 
the  Watch-House.  There  will  be  likewise  an  Enter- 
tainment Gratis,  as  soon  as  the  abovementioned 
Recreations  are  ended." 

W.  I.  R.  V. 

An  account  of  a  journey  made  in  Kent  by 
Lord  Harley,  afterwards  the  second  Earl  of 
Oxford,  is  printed  in  the  Hist.  MSS.  Com., 
Portland  MSS.,  Sixth  Report  (1901),  p.  76 
et  seq.  It  contains  an  early  and  interesting 
notice  of  the  game  of  cricket.  The  party 
left  London  on  26  August,  1723  :— 

"  In  the  afternoon  we  came  hence  [from  Dart- 
ford]  directly  for  Rochester,  and  upon  the  heath 
as  we  came  out  of  the  town  the  men  of  Tunbridge 
and  the  Dartford  men  were  warmly  engaged  at  the 
sport  of  cricket,  which  of  all  the  people  of  England 
the  Kentish  folk  are  most  renowned  for,  and  of  all 
the  Kentish  men  the  men  of  Dartford  lay  claim 
to  the  greatest  excellence." 

W.  P.  COURTNEY. 

VACCINATION  AND  INOCULATION  (10th  S.  ii. 
27,  132,  216,  313).— The  method  of  inoculation 
introduced  by  Lady  Mary  Wortley  Montagu, 
though  universally  practised  by  the  medical 
profession  of  that  time,  is  now  declared  by 
law  to  be  a  penal  offence. 

Nevertheless,  a  tablet  containing  the  fol- 
lowing remarkable  inscription  adorns  Lich- 
field  Cathedral,  with,  of  course,  the  impri- 
matur of  that  grave  and  learned  body  the 
Dean  and  Chapter : — 

"Sacred  to  the  memory  of  the  R*  Honblc  Lady 
Mary  Wortley  Montagu,  Who  happily  intro- 


.  ii.  NOV.  12.  ISM.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


395 


duced  from  Turkey  into  this  Country,  The  Salutary 
Act  of  inoculating  the  Small  pox. 

"Convinced  of  its  efficiency,  She  first  tried  it 
with  success  on  her  own  Children,  and  then  recom- 
mended the  practice  of  it  to  her  fellow  citizens. 

"  Thus,  by  her  example  and  advice,  We  have 
softened  the  virulence  and  escaped  the  dangers  of 
this  most  malignant  Disease. 

"  To  perpetuate  the  memory  of  such  benevolence, 
And  to  express  her  gratitude  for  the  benefit  she 
has  herself  received  from  this  alleviating  Act,  this 
monument  is  erected  by  Henrietta  Inge,  Relict 
of  Theodore  William  Inge,  Esq.,  and  daughter  of 
Sir  John  Wrottesley,  Bar1,  In  the  year  of  Our  Lord, 
MDCCLXXXIX." 

HENRY  SMYTH. 

Edgbaston. 

ONE-ARMED  CRUCIFIX  (10th  S.  ii.  189,  294). 
—If  this  term  may  be  taken  to  mean  a 
T  cross,  without  the  upper  perpendicular 
limb  or  bar  which  we  see  in  the  usual  Latin 
cross,  it  may  be  worth  while  mentioning 
that  in  the  row  of  stone  crosses  in  the  lanes 
leading  to  the  mediaeval  churches  of  San 
Pedro  de  Tabira  or  Tavira,  and  at  Mafiaria 
(five  kilometres  further  up  the  valley  leading 
from  Durango  in  Biscay  a  to  Vitoria,  the 
capital  of  the  province  of  Alava=Araba  in 
Baskish,  i.e.  the  plain),  the  two  crosses  of  the 
thieves,  placed  on  either  side  of  the  highest 
cross,  which  represents  the  crucified  Christ 
{though  it  does  not  bear  His  figure,  but 
merely  the  emblems  of  the  Passion  and  the 
initials  I.N.R.I.  on  the  upper  perpendicular 
arm,  limb,  or  bar),  are  alone  ip  the  form  of 
a,  T.  Taking  the  titled  limb,  above  the 
transverse  or  horizontal  beam,  as  one  of 
two  arms,  and  the  lower  column  as  a  mere 
pedestal  or  trunk,  such  a  cross  might  be 
called  " one-armed."  The  "stations  of  the 
cross "  appear  to  be  of  the  seventeenth 
century.  E.  S.  DODGSON. 

In  Mrs.  Jameson's  'History  of  our  Lord' 
<vol.  ii.  p.  168)  occurs  an  illustration  of  a 
painting  of  'The  Bad  Thief,'  by  Antonello 
Messina,  now  in  the  Ertborn  Collection, 
Antwerp,  which  suggests  much  the  same 
treatment  as  MR.  HIBGAME  remembers  at 
Ghent.  The  arms  are,  however,  tied  (not 
nailed)  to  the  tree  trunk. 

In  Justus  Lipsius's  'De  Cruce'  (1599)  an 
unfortunate  victim  is  shown  nailed,  hands 
and  feet,  to  the  trunk  of  a  tree  (p.  19),  and 
yet  another  one  figures  in  a  similar  position, 
with  the  addition  of  a  large  fire  of  wood 
blazing  just  beneath  his  feet.  Besides  the 
several  forms  of  crucifixion  familiar,  by  illus- 
trations, to  us  all,  this  volume  contains 
pictures  of  crucified  people  fastened  amongst 
the  boughs  of  trees,  and  others  upon  Y- 
shaped  crosses.  There  are  unfortunates  sus- 


pended upon  crosses  having  long  parallel 
pendants  attached  to  and  hanging  from  the 
extremities  of  the  cross-piece,  on  to  the  lower 
ends  of  which  the  legs  are  stretched  out,  and 
the  feet  nailed. 

In    °  TRIVMPHVS  .  IESV  .  CHRISTI .  CRVCIFIXI  " 

(1608)  amongst  the  many  methods  are  repre- 
sented additional  long  cross-pieces  situated 
at  the  base  of  the  upright,  upon  which  the 
extended  feet  are  transfixed.  Some  are 
drawn  as  flayed  alive  prior  to  (and  during) 
crucifixion ;  others,  besides  being  tortured 
by  the  ordinary  three  supporting  nails,  have 
several  driven  through  their  kneecaps,  thighs, 
shoulders,  and  elbow  joints :  whilst  one  poor 
wretch  has  apparently  suffered  amputation 
of  both  hands  and  feet  prior  to  being  nailed 
aloft.  A  few  are  disembowelled  ;  and  one 
engraving  (less  dreadful  than  the  majority, 
but  perhaps  more  impious)  represents  a  priest 
in  his  vestments  nailed  in  front  of  the  life- 
sized  figure  of  our  Lord  upon  a  large  crucifix 
which  stands  on  the  north  side  of  the  altar, 
in  what  is  apparently  his  own  church. 

HARRY  HEMS. 
Fair  Park,  Exeter. 

KISSING  GATES  (10th  S.  ii.  328).— A  kissing 
gate  is  a  construction  set  across  a  footpath 
which  hits  against  two  posts  ;  it  hinders 
cattle  from  straying,  but  is  easily  passed 
through  by  men  and  women.  It  is  some- 
times called  a  clap-gate.  The  name  and  the 
thing  are  common  in  Lincolnshire  and  many 
other  counties  ;  see  'E.D.D.' 

EDWARD  PEACOCK. 

I  do  not  think  the  editorial  note  gives  the 
original  reason  for  "  kissing  gates  "  being  so 
called,  although  that  reason  may  have  held 
good  later.  Perhaps  the  more  accurate  defi- 
nition is  that  in  the  'E.D.D.,'  namelv,  "a 
gate  which  swings  on  both  sides  of  the 
latch-post  until  it  reaches  equilibrium,  and 
the  latch  drops  into  the  catch,"  i.e.,  a  swing- 
gate.  The  kissing  is  on  the  part  of  the 
latch,  not  the  pedestrians. 

J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

Well  known  all  over  the  country ;  see 
4  E.D.D.'  Often  called  "clap-gates." 

J.  T.  F. 
Durham. 

I  think  the  term  is  in  pretty  general  use. 
I  have  met  with  it  in  at  least  three  counties — 
Northamptonshire,  Warwickshire,  and  Essex. 
A  few  years  ago  I  remember  walking  near 
Rochford,  in  Essex,  and  asking  my  way  of  a 
little  schoolgirl.  In  giving  me  very  clear 
directions  she  stated  that  my  route  lay 
through  a  certain  "kissing  gate."  The  ob- 


396 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  NOV.  12, 190*. 


vious  source  of  the  name  as  indicated  by  the 
Editor  is  no  doubt  correct.    JOHN  T.  PAGE. 
West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

"Kissing  gate''  is  in  use  in  the  southern 
counties  of  England— its  origin  the  swinging 
of  the  gate  between  two  shutting  posts,  each 
of  which  it  touches  in  its  swing.  The  touch 
is  a  kiss.  JOHN  P.  STILWELL. 

Hilfield,  Yateley. 

An  Irish  lady  a  few  weeks  ago  boasted,  as 
she  helped  a  friend  to  pack,  that  no  one  was 
better  than  she  at  "  kissing  -  gate  parcels," 
and  explained  that  in  Ireland  the  hosts 
always  accompanied  the  departing  guest  as 
far  as  the  first  or  "kissing"  gate,  there  to 
renew  their  farewells ;  there,  too,  the  "for- 
gets "  were  handed  in.  M.  F.  H. 

ANTIQUARY  v.  ANTIQUARIAN  (10th  S.  i. 
325,396;  ii.  174,  237).— The  objection  to  the 
word  "antiquarian"  seems  to  be  made  on 
an  insufficient  ground.  If  "  antiquary  "  had 
not  been  in  existence,  "  antiquarian  "  would 
have  been  used  without  question.  For 
the  termination  -arian  is  not  absolutely 
adjectival,  and  even  if  it  were,  there  is  no 
reason  why  the  adjective  should  not  be  used 
absolutely.  ^  Thus  we  have  barbarian,  cen- 
tenarian, disciplinarian,  humanitarian,  sab- 
batarian,  sectarian,  tractarian,  Unitarian, 
vegetarian,  and  many  others.  We  do  not 
call  a  man  a  "  centenary  "  ;  and  "  sectarian  " 
has  ousted  the  older  "sectary."  Moreover, 
the  'X.E.D.'  gives  "antiquarian"  as  an 
adjective  used  absolutely,  and  records  no 
sentence  of  impropriety,  quoting  even  Dr. 
Johnson  himself  as  an  authority.  W.  C.  B. 

It  is,  perhaps,  worthy  of  mention  that  a 
hundred  years  ago  the  letters  F.A.S.  — 
Fellow  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries— were 
far  more  used  to  denote  Fellowship  of  that 
body  than  were  the  letters  F.S.A.  I  can  give 
numerous  instances  of  "F.R.S.  and  A.S."  and 
the  like  being  affixed  to  authors'  names  in 
different  works. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D.,  F.R.S.A.I. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

THE  «  DECAMERON  '  (10th  S.  ii.  328).— Much 
information  as  to  this  will  be  found  in  Ugo 
Foscolo's  "Discorso  storico  sul  testo  del 
Decamerone,"  prefixed  to  Pickering's  edition 
of  1825.  Most  of  the  important  editions  of 
the  'Decameron'  are  described  in  Gamba, 
*  Serie  dei  Testi.'  J.  F.  R. 

THOMAS  BLACKLOCK  (10th  S.  ii.  228).— I 
venture  to  suggest  that  the  Gilbert  Gordon 
referred  to  was  Gilbert,  collector  of  excise  in 
Dumfries,  who  was  served  heir  to  his  father 


Archibald  of  Minidow.     The  latter  died  in? 
1754.  J.  M.  BULLOCH. 

118,  Pall  Mall. 

EPITAPHIANA  (10th  S.  ii.  322).— If,  as  I  infer, 
the  Editor  intends  in  future  to  allow  an- 
occasional  column  or  two  of  authenticated 
epitaphs  under  this  heading,  I  trust  corre- 
spondents will  be  more  explicit  in  their 
statements  as  to  where  each  particular 
epitaph  is  to  be  found.  It  is  not  enough  to 
give  the  name  of  the  church  or  churchyard  ; 
the  exact  position  of  the  stone,  tablet,  or 
tomb  should  certainly  be  indicated.  The 
accompaniment  of  the  name  of  the  person  for 
whom  the  epitaph  was  written  of  course  adds- 
considerably  to  its  value.  The  date  on  which 
the  copy  was  taken  might  also  be  in  evidence. 
By  way  of  example  I  may  say  that  I  copied  the 
third  epitaph  recorded  by  W.  B.  H.  from  All 
Saints'  Churchyard,  Hastings,  on  13  May,, 
1901.  It  is  contained  on  a  plain  white  upright 
stone  standing  a  few  paces  south  of  the 
church  tower.  The  epitaph  is  beneath  an 
inscription  "  to  the  memory  of  John  Arch- 
deacon, son  of  John  and  Ann  Archdeacon,  who 
departed  this  life  June  5th,  1820,  aged  & 
years."  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

NINE  MAIDENS  (10th  S.  ii.  128,  235).— It  is 
hardly  a  truism  to  say  that  the  stone  circles 
with  which  antiquaries  are  accustomed  to 
associate  the  youth  of  the  inhabited  world 
exist  in  these  realms  in  greater  numbers  than 
are  dreamt  of  in  our  urban  philosophy.  And 
not  only  is  this  so  with  regard  to  those  with 
which  antiquaries  have  made  us  better 
acquainted,  for  there  are  those  undiscovered 
circles  which,  forming  grave  mounds,  have 
not  yet  been  denuded  "of  the  earth  in  which 
they  are  embedded,  and  which,  as  Llewellynn 
Jewitt  says,  would  be  among  the  best 
remaining  examples  of  small  "  Druidical 
circles,"  as  they  are  commonly  called 
(LI.  Jewitt's  'Grave  Mounds,'  1870).  W. 
Hutchinson,  in  his  '  Excursion  to  the  Lakes/ 
alludes  to  a  place  called  Nine  Churches  (the 
repetition  of  the  number  in  this  connexion  is 
perhaps  remarkable),  near  Penrith  ;  and  he 
also  describes  "  Meg  and  her  Daughters," 
near  Little  Salkeld,  as  being  a  circle  of  three 
hundred  and  fifty  spaces  formed  by  massy 
stones — sixty-seven  (not  sixty-nine)  of  which 
stand  upright— of  various  qualities,  forms, 
and  dimensions,  without  any  traces  of  art. 
The  Keswick  circle  was  also  at  one  time,  I 
think,  if  not  now,  known  as  "  Meg  and  her 
Daughters."  Both  Pennant,  in  his  'Tour  in 
Scotland,'  and  Henry  Kett,  in  his  'Tour  of  the 
Lakes,'  give  an  account  of  what,,  in  comparing 


io»  s.  ii.  NOV.  12, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


397 


it  with  Stonehenge,  is  styled  a  "  Druidical 
•chapel." 

Four  miles  to  the  west  of  Chipping  Norton, 
in  Oxfordshire,  is  the  circle  known  as  the 
Rollright  or  Rollrich  Stones,  after  the  manner 
of  Stonehenge,  but  smaller. 

At  Aldington,  in  Kent,  on  an  eminence  a 
short  distance  from  the  church,  is  a  supposed 
Druidical  temple,  resembling  also,  in  some 
degree,  Stonehenge,  with  a  smaller  circle 
situated  on  the  north-west. 

A  stone  circle  at  Stan  ton  Moor,  Derby- 
shire, is  known  as  the  "  Nine  Ladies  "  (not 
"Maidens"). 

There  are  the  "Merry  Maidens"  in  Corn- 
wall, which  are  perhaps  identical  with  the 
"  Nine  Maidens,"  the  subject  of  W.  G.  D.  F.'s 
inquiry. 

Another  "Nine  Ladies  "is  on  Hartlemoor, 
Durham,  but  of  this  only  four  stones  are 
now  remaining. 

On  Eyam  Moor,  Derbyshire,  one  of  the 
•circles  enclosing  sepulchral  mounds  is  about 
^,  hundred  feet  in  diameter,  and  is,  like  the 
"Nine  Ladies"  on  Stan  ton  Moor,  formed  of  a 
circular  mound  of  earth  on  which  the  stones 
are  placed.  Only  ten  of  the  stones  remain 
in  situ. 

On  Brassington  Moor,  near  a  fine  cham- 
bered tumulus,  no\v  unfortunately  destroyed, 
existed  two  circles  similar  to  that  of  Hartle- 
moor, the  one  39ft.  and  the  other  22ft.  in 
diameter. 

On  Learn  Moor,  too,  circles  are  known  to 
have  existed  which  surrounded  interments. 

Other  circles  occur  in  Derbyshire  on  Abney 
Moor ;  in  Froggal  Edge  ;  on  the  East  Moor  ; 
on  Hathersage  Moor ;  and  in  other  localities. 

Cf.  also  Stanton  Drew,  Somersetshire ; 
Arbor  Lowe,  Derbyshire  ;  the  Three  Hurlers, 
the  Merry  Maidens,  and  other  circles  in  Corn- 
wall ;  the  Grey  Wethers,  in  Devonshire ; 
•Gidley  Circle,  Dartmoor ;  also  those  near 
Merivale  Bridge,  and  others  on  Dartmoor ;  at 
Trewavas  Head  ;  at  Mule  Hill,  Isle  of  Man  • 
in  the  Channel  Islands ;  at  Aber  ana 
Penmaen  Mawr  in  Carnarvonshire ;  at 
Berriew  in  Montgomery ;  at  Leuchars, 
Aberdeenshire ;  Aucorthie ;  Burn  Moor, 
•Cumberland;  Tarf;  Burn  Scaur,  near 
Ravenglass,  Cumberland  ;  Brogar,  in  the 
Orkneys  ;  a  small  and  little-known  example 
in  the  Isle  of  Mull ;  Callernish,  Isle  of  Lewis ; 
Midmar,  Scotland  ;  Twizell  Moor,  North- 
umberland, &c.  A  list  of  Cornish  stone 
circles,  with  name  and  parish,  and  the 
authorities  describing  them,  will  be  found 
in  'Antiquities  in  the  Hundreds  of  Kerrier 
and  Pen  with,  West  Cornwall,'  by  J.  T. 
Blight,  1842.  For  the  "Three  Stone  Bum" 


'  circle  among  the  Cheviot  Hills  in  North- 
umberland see  'The  Antiquities  of  Vevering 
Bell,'  by  George  Tate,  F.G.S. 

See  also  the  Transactions  generally  of  the 
archaeological  societies ;  the  Ulster  Archceo- 
logical  Journal,  1855 ;  the  Proceedings  of  the 
Soc.  of  Antiquaries,  1855  ;  the  Journal  of  the 
Brit.  Arch.  Assoc.,  1868  ;  the  Gent.  Mag.,  1868; 
and  especially  J.  B.  Waring's  *  Stone  Monu- 
ments,' 1870,  where  the  relative  measures 
of  the  principal  British  stone  circles  will  be 
found  (plates  xl.  xli.,  &c.). 

J.    HOLDEN   MAC'MlCHAEL. 
161,  Hammersmith  Road. 

W.  G.  D.  F.  will  find  an  excellent  engrav- 
ing of  the  stones  he  inquires  about  facing 
p.  496  of  the  Cornwall  volume  of  the  *  Beauties 
of  England  and  Wales.' 

In  the  parish  of  Burian,  or  St.  Burien, 
Cornwall,  is  a  small  circle  of  nineteen  up- 
right stones,  called  "Dance  Maine,"  or  the 
"  Merry  Maidens,"  from  the  whimsical  tradi- 
tion that  nineteen  young  women,  or  maidens, 
were  thus  transformed  for  dancing  on  the 
Sabbath. 

Another  of  these  Druidical  circles  is  named 
"  Boscawen  Un."  This  also  consists  of  nine- 
teen stones  placed  upright,  and  is  about 
25  ft.  in  diameter,  having  a  single  leaning 
stone  in  the  centre ;  it  is  quite  near  the 
former. 

In  the  parish  of  Gulval  is  "  Boskednan 
Circle,"  consisting  also  of  nineteen  stones, 
but  of  smaller  diameter  than  either  I  have 
mentioned. 

The  most  considerable  of  these  structures 
is  situated  in  the  parish  of  St.  Just,  and  is 
known  as  the  "  Botallack  Circles."  What  the 
significance  of  the  number  nineteen  is  I 
cannot  say. 

Other  stones  of  a  similar  character  are  to 
be  found  in  the  parish  of  St.  Cleer.  One  set 
is  known  as  the  "  Hurlers."  Hurling  was 
formerly  one  of  the  most  favourite  diversions 
of  the  Cornish,  and  the  name  "  Hurlers  "  was 
given  to  these  stones  from  the  general  belief 
in  the  neighbourhood  that  the  stones  were 
once  men,  who  were  thus  transformed  as  a 
punishment  for  pursuing  this  diversion  on 
the  Sabbath.  For  further  information  I 
refer  W.  G.  D.  F.  to  Carew's,  Norden's,  and 
Dr.  Borlase's  works  on  Cornwall. 

CIIAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

CAPE  BAR  MEN  (10th  S.  ii.  346).— May  not 
this  refer  to  ex-privateersmen,  of  whom  there 
must  have  been  many  at  that  period  (1806) 
serving  in  the  Koyal  Navy  ?  "  Cape,"  an 
obsolete  word  from  the  Dutch,  means  to 


398 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io<"  s.  11.  NOV.  12, 


pilfer,  plunder ;  and  I  suggest  that  the  term 
•'  Cape  Bar  Men  "  may  be  derived  from  the 
Dutch  ute  kaap  varen,"  to  go  a-privateering. 
I  find  the  above  information  in  the  *  H.E.D.' 

R.  CHEYNE. 

'OMAR  KHAYYAM  (10th  S.  ii.  322).— Messrs. 
Otto  Schulze  &  Co.,  of  Edinburgh,  call  my 
attention  to  the  fact  that  the  page  of  the 
'  Fundgruben '  to  which  I  referred  is  repro- 
duced in  photographic  facsimile  at^p.  ^45 
of  part  i.  of  vol.  v.  of  their  publication 
*  Books  and  Book-plates.' 

EDWARD  HERON- ALLEN. 

4  TRACTS  FOR  THE  TIMES  '  (10th  S.  ii.  347).— 
A  full  list  of  the  authors  was  published 
in  the  Oxford  University  Herald  and  the 
Guardian.  I  cannot  give  the  exact  date, 
but  it  must  have  been  in  1883  or  1884. 

H.  N.  ELLACOMBE. 

A  complete  list  of  the  authors  of  the 
4  Tracts  for  the  Times '  will  be  found  in  Dr. 
Liddon's  '  Life  of  Dr.  Pusey,'  vol.  iii.  pp.  473- 
480.  F.  H.  R. 

TOM  MOODY  (10th  S.  ii.  228,  295).— It  will 
usefully  supplement  (and  amend)  the  infor- 
mation already  given  about  this  song  to 
reprint  the  title  of  what  appears  to  be  the 
first  edition  (4  pp.  folio),  and,  in  so  doing,  to 
place  on  record  what  is  apparently  conclu- 
sive evidence  against  the  commonly  received 
opinion  that  *  Tom  Moody '  was  written  and 
composed  by  Charles  Dibdin— an  opinion  so 
stubbornly  held  that  when,  some  twelve 
years  ago,  I  addressed  a  letter  to  the  Field 
supporting  a  contradiction  by  my  friend  the 
late  Julian  Marshall,  I  was  promptly  snubbed 
by  the  editor  in  an  omniscient  foot-note.  My 
opinion  was  then  based  on  the  ascriptions  in 
trustworthy  song-collections  and  on  internal 
evidence.  That  I  was  right  is  now  proved 
by  the  copy  of  the  song  which  I  possess. 
I  quote  the  title  exactly  as  it  appears  :— 

"THE  DEATH  of  TOM  MOODY,  The  noted  Whipper- 
in  Well  known  to  the  SPORTSMEN  of  SHROPSHIRE, 
Written  by  the  Author  of  HARFORD  BRIDGE  Com- 
posed by  Wm  Shield,  Musician  in  Ordinary  to  his 
Majesty,  &  SUNG  by  Mr  INCLEDON  In  his  new  Enter- 
tainment called  the  WANDERING  MELODIST,  Also  at 
the  T.  R.  C.  Garden.  Entd  at  8tat»  Hall.  Price 
1.  Sh.  N.B.  The  small  Notes  which  are  meant  to 
express  the  View  &  Death  Haloos,  the  Challenge, 
&  the  chearing  up  of  the  Pack,  were  Written  lay 
a  Foxhunter,  who  heard  Poor  Tom's  sonorous  & 
characteristic  Tones  reechoed  amid  the  Woods  & 
Vallies  while  he  was  enjoying  Health  ;  &  such  was 
his  attachment  to  the  Chase,  that  he  faintly  breathed 
them  in  his  expiring  moments.  London,  Printed  by 
Goulding  D'Almaine,  Potter  &  C°,  20,  Soho  Sqc  & 
N°  7,  Westmorland  St.  Dublin." 

E.  RIMBAULT  DIBDIN. 


fjjiwttllnmam. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

The  Epistles  of  Erasmus,  from  his  Earliest  Letters- 
to  his  Fifty-first  Year.  Arranged  in  the  Order  of 
Time.  An  English  Translation.  By  Francis 
Morgan  Nichols.  2  vols. — Vol.  II.  (Longmans 
&Co.) 

ON  the  appearance,  three  years  ago,  of  the  first 
volume  of  Mr.  Nichols's  translation  and  arrange- 
ment of  '  The  Epistles  of  Erasmus'  we  drew  atten- 
tion to  the  scope  and  accomplishment  of  the  work 
(see  9th  S.  viii.  514).  No  absolute  promise  was  then 
made  of  a  second  volume,  though  a  hint  that  such 
was  contemplated  was  afforded  ;  nor  did  the  work 
then  noticed  bear  on  the  title-page  Vol.  I.  That 
the  second  volume  was  intended  is  proven  by  the  fact 
that  when  now  it  appears  it  carries  the  execution 
no  further  than  the  year  1517,  with  which  the  work 
was  originally  designed  to  close.  It  is  useless  and 
wasteful  to  repeat  what  was  at  first  said  concerning 
the  purpose  of  the  volume  and  its  utility.  Such  as 
desire  to  know  more  than  can  now  be  repeated  are 
referred  to  our  previous  notice.  We  may  only  add 
that  the  attempt  to  do  what  Erasmus  had  carefully 
abstained  from  doing — viz.,  arrange  the  correspond- 
ence in  the  supposed  order  of  date — is  accomplished, 
and  that  the  result  thus  obtained  is  of  highest 
value  to  the  student  of  Erasmus,  and  indispensable 
to  all  would-be  biographers  of  the  scholar. 

The  first  volume  ends  with  the  arrival  of  Erasmus 
in  Holland  on  the  way  to  England,  to  which  he  i» 
bidden  by  "  his  Maecenas,"  the  Earl  of  Mountjoyv 
who  promises  him  the  patronage  of  the  king,  and 
sends  him  ten  pounds,  half  from  himself  and  half 
from  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  from  whom  he 
is  bidden  to  expect  a  benefice.  The  date  of  his 
arrival  in  London  remains  uncertain,  but  is  pre- 
sumably about  1509.  At  the  outset  of  the  second 
volume  Erasmus  is  in  England,  where  he  has 
arrived,  bringing  with  him  his  *  Mtoptas  eyKw/xtov,. 
or  Praise  of  Folly,'  the  most  read  of  his  prose  works, 
and  his  verses  on  *  Old  Age.'  What  is  said  about 
the  earlier  book,  generally  called  the  *  Moriae  En- 
comium,' has  extreme  interest.  To  Thomas  More, 
to  whom  the  first  letter  is  addressed,  Erasmus  says 
that  the  first  thing  that  suggested  it  "  was  your 
surname  of  More,  which  is  just  as  near  the  name  of 
Moria,  or  Folly,  as  you  are  far  from  the  thing,  from 
which,  by  general  acclamation,  you  are  far  indeed.'7 
Once  more  he  surmised  that  this  playful  "pro- 
duction of  our  genius  would  find  special  favour 
with  you,  disposed  as  you  are  to  take  pleasure  in 
jests  of  the  kind."  From  the  charge  of  mordacity 
he  defends  himself,  inasmuch  as  "  genius  has  always 
enjoyed  the  liberty  of  ridiculing  in  witty  terms  the 
common  life  of  mankind,  provided  only  the  licence 
does  not  pass  into  fury."  Much  praise  is  bestowed 
by  English  scholars  upon  the  work,  but  the  writer, 
though  he  finds  a  warm  reception  in  Cambridge, 
whither  he  proceeds,  fails  greatly  to  benefit  by  the 
promises  that  have  been  made  him.  This  is  the 
more  to  be  regretted,  since  in  Rome  there  was; 
competition  among  the  cardinals  as  to  which  should 
take  charge  of  his  fortunes.  The  scholars  of  the 
early  sixteenth  century  were,  almost  without  ex- 
ception, dependent  on  the  patronage  and  the  alms 
of  the  great.  It  is  none  the  less  humiliating  to 
read  of  the  shifts  to  which  Erasmus  was  constantly 
driven.  No  extreme  reluctance  was  shown  in  beg- 
ging, though  his  appeals  are  sometimes  indirect. 


io"  s.  ii.  NOV.  12,  low.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


399 


It  is  not  wholly  satisfactory  to  learn  that  the  wine 
and  the  beer  at  Queens'  College  were  undrinkable, 
and  to  find  Erasmus  supplicating  Ammonius  for  a 
skin  of  Greek  wine,  and  meaning  by  a  skin  a  largish 
cask,  "  utrem  majusoulum."  He  defers  returning 
this,  in  order  that  he  may  still  delectate  on  the 
smell  of  the  Greek  wine.  From  London,  after 
dedicating  to  Colet  his  *  Copia  Verborum  ac  Rerum,' 
he  sends  to  Archbishop  Warham  some  '  Dialogues  of 
Lucian,'  adding,  "  '  Trifles,'  you  will  say.  Yes,  but 
learned  trifles,  which  may  serve  to  make  you  laugh." 
Writing  to  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  he  attri 
butes  a  severe  attack  of  stone  from  which  he  suffers 
to  the  badness  of  the  Cambridge  wine  and  the 
consequent  necessity  to  drink  beer.  In  Ant- 
werp in  1516  he  is  still  pleading  poverty,  and 
complaining  that  he  must  sell  his  horses  or  dispense 
with  clothing.  The  last  letter  in  the  volume- 
addressed  to  John  Caesarius  from  Antwerp,  and 
dated  16  Aug.,  1517,  the  latter  part  of  Erasmus's 
fifty-first  year— has  literary  interest,  since  it  ex- 
presses his  disapproval  of  the  once  -  celebrated 

*  Epistolce  Obscurorum  Virorum.'    Something  more 
than  a  boon  to  the  scholar  is  the  completed  book. 
It  is  a  work  in  which  such  will  revel,  as  does  a  poet 
in  'The  Fairy  Queen,'  turning  to  it  and  finding  in 
it  a  species  of  second  '  Consolations  of  Philosophy.' 

The  Diary  of  Samuel  Pepys.  Edited,  with  Ad- 
ditions, by  Henry  B.  Wheatley,  F.S.A.  In  8  vols. 
-Vols.  I.  and  II.  (Bell  &  Sons.) 
IN  reissuing  in  a  cheaper  and  more  popular  form 
Mr.  Wheatley's  definite  and  delightful  edition  of 
Pepys's  immortal  '  Diary '  Messrs.  Bell  &  Sons  are 
conceding  to  the  scholar  and  the  reader  of  moderate 
means  one  of  the  greatest  boons  within  reach.  Dur- 
ing the  last  decade  of  the  past  century  (1893-9)  this 
edition  of  Pepys  was  first  given  to  the  world,  and 
it  has  since,  we  are  told,  been  frequently  reprinted. 
Testimony  to  its  transcendent  merits  was  afforded 
in  our  columns  on  the  appearance  of  each  successive 
volume  (see  General  Indexes  to  Eighth  and  Ninth 
Series  passim),  and  since  that  time  all  previous 
editions  have  gone  out  of  favour  and  almost  out 
of  date.  The  work  remained,  however,  inaccessible, 
except  in  a  public  library,  to  those  of  exiguous 
means,  and  those  in  the  habit,  like  ourselves,  of 
picking  it  up  at  odd  moments  and  referring  con- 
stantly to  its  excellent  index  were  necessarily  the 
few.  Its  price  is  now  reduced  by  much  more  than 
one-half,  and  though  it  cannot  yet  be  said  to  be 
within  reach  of  all  book-lovers,  yet  the  purchaser 
cannot  charge  himself  with  special  extravagance. 
Besides  Mr.  Wheatley's  admirable  and  authori- 
tative life  of  Pepys  and  some  other  preliminary 
matter,  the  two  volumes  now  issued  contain  the 

*  Diary '  from  the  outset,  1  January,  1659/60,  until 
31  December,  1662.  As  frontispiece  to  the  first  volume 
appears  an  admirable  reproduction  of  the  portrait 
of  Samuel  Pepys  by  Sir  Godfrey  Kneller  in  the 
Pepysian  Library,  Magdalene  College,  Cambridge. 
We  cannot  fancy  any  book-lover  resting  without 
this  work  in  its  new  and  attractive  shape. 

Christian  Morals.    By  Sir  Thomas  Browne.    (Cam- 
bridge, University  Press.) 

To  the  previous  volumes  issued  in  a  quarto  edition 
de  luxe  from  the  Cambridge  University  Press  has 
been  added  Sir  Thomas  Browne's  'Christian 
Morals,'  a  work  less  known  than  the  '  Religio 
Medici'  and  the  'Hydriotaphia'of  the  same  author, 
but  not  less  worthy  of  study  or  remunerative  in 


perusal.  Earlier  works  of  the  same  series  are 
Earle's  '  Microcosmographie  '  and  Sidney's  '  Defence 
of  Poesie  '  :  a  succeeding  volume  will  consist  of  Ben 
Jonson's  'Underwoods.  The  appearance  of  this 
volume  of  the  Norwich  knight  was  over  seventy 
years  later  than  that  of  the  4  Religio  Medici,'  the 
first  edition  having  been  issued  in  1716  from  the  same 
press  from  which  it  reappears.  It  was  edited  by  John 
Jeffery,  D  D.,  Arch-Deacon  of  Norwich,  the  attribu- 
tion of  authorship  being  justified  by  Elizabeth  Littel- 
ton,  Browne's  daughter,  in  a  dedication  to  the  Earl 
of  Buchan,  as  well  as  by  the  archdeacon's  own 
testimony.  It  consists  of  a  series  of  fragmentary 
observations,  and  may  well  have  been  intended  as 
material  for  an  enlarged  edition  of  the  '  Religio 
Medici.'  Thoroughly  characteristic  in  all  respects, 
it  displays  a  remarkable  amount  of  erudition,  and 
has  a  style  which,  charged  as  it  is  with  Latinisms> 
rises  to  much  eloquence.  Like  other  works  of  its 
author,  it  shows  the  influence  of  a  study  of  Mon- 
taigne. In  the  third  part  we  find  in  altered  phrase  a 
repetition  of  the  famous  condemnation  of  the  men- 
tion of  sins  heteroclitical  :  "  things  which  should 
never  have  been  or  never  have  been  known,"  and 
a  statement  that  "  Trismegistus  his.  Circle,  whose 
center  is  everywhere  and  circumference  nowhere, 
was  no  Hyperbole."  We  may  not,  however,  dis- 
cuss the  merits  of  a  book  which  is,  or  should  be, 
well  known,  or  dispute  as  to  evidences  of  an  author- 
ship which  no  one  contests.  Like  its  predecessors, 
the  book  is  issued  in  an  edition  exquisite  in  all 
typographical  respects,  and  limited  virtually  to 
225  copies  for  England  and  America.  No  change 
is  made  in  the  spelling  or  pronunciation  of  the 
original,  and  the  whole  is  calculated  to  delight. 
equally  the  scholar  and  the  bibliophile.  We  know 
not  what  is  to  be  the  extent  of  the  series,  but  it  ia 
sure  to  prove  a  good  investment  as  well  as  an 
eminently  enviable  possession. 

Birmingham  Midland  Institute  [and]  Birmingham 
Archaeological  Society.     Transactions, 


and  Report  for  the  Year  1903.  (Walsall,  printed 
for  Subscribers  only  by  W.  H.  Robinson.) 
THIS  is  an  excellent  issue.  It  contains  nothing 
whatever  that  we  could  have  wished  to  be  omitted. 
Several  of  the  papers  are  very  interesting,  and  are 
especially  valuable  from  the  wide  range  of  subjects, 
that  are  discussed.  We  have  been  much  pleased 
by  the  account  of  the  excursions  taken  oy  the 
members  to  places  seldom  visited  by  the  outside 
world,  though  it  is  painful  to  read  of  the  way  old 
churches  have  been  overhauled  by  those  whom  it 
is  still  the  fashion  to  dub  church  restorers.  In  one 
place  we  read  of  a  very  fine  late  Norman  chancel 
arch  being  pulled  down  to  make  way  for  a  modern 
pointed  arch. 

Mr.  Arthur  Westwood  contributes  an  excellent 
account  of  wrought  plate  in  Birmingham,  with 
notes  on  the  old  silversmiths  who  carried  on  their 
business  in  that  great  centre  of  industry.  It  was 
not  till  the  year  1773  that  Birmingham  had  an  assay 
jffice,  at  which  hall-marks,  as  they  are  called,  could 
t>e  impressed  on  the  works  of  the  local  manu- 
facturers. Before  that  time  all  silver  goods,  with 
the  exception  of  small  objects,  had  to  be  sent  to 
one  of  the  assay  offices  which  had  been  previously 
founded.  London  and  Chester  were  the  two  places 
to  which  the  Birmingham  workers  in  the  precious 
metals  commonly  resorted.  This  was  found  a  very 
great  hardship.  The  roads  were  bad—  far  worse. 
than  most  of  us  moderns  can  conceive—  and  what 


4-00 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  11.  NOV.  12, 190*. 


was  more  serious,  they  were  frequently  infested  by 
highwaymen,  so  that  there  was  a  constant  dread 
of  the  treasure  being  carried  off;  and  when  this 
danger  was  avoided,  the  vessels  were  not  un- 
commonly battered  out  of  shape  through  the  lum- 
bering of  the  carriers'  waggons  in  which  they  made 
the  journey.  This  must  have  been  a  very  serious 
injury  to  what  had  in  the  middle  of  the  eighteenth 
century  become  an  important  industry.  The  evi- 
•dence  given  to  the  Parliamentary  Committee, 
before  the  passing  of  the  Birmingham  Assay  Act, 
shows  that  there  were  at  that  time  upwards  of 
forty  master-workers  who  wrought  in  gold  and 
silver,  besides  a  number  of  persons  engaged  in 
allied  trades,  such  as  engravers,  chasers,  enamellers, 
;and  designers.  Mr.  Westwood  mentions  incident- 
ally a  fact  of  which  we  were  before  unaware.  It 
appears  that  the  silver  worked  up  in  Birmingham 
was  in  a  great  measure  the  produce  of  the  lead- 
smelting  works  of  Flintshire.  Boulton  &  Fothergill 
were  probably  the  most  important  firm  which 
worked  in  silver  at  the  time  of  the  passing  of  the 
Act.  Whether  this  be  so  or  not,  they  are  by  far 
the  best  known  now,  on  account  of  the  mint  they 
established.  At  the  end  of  the  eighteenth  century 
great  inconvenience  was  caused  by  the  scarcity  of 
copper  money,  so  this  firm  was  employed  by  the 
•Government  to  supply  the  want.  In  1797  its  two- 
penny pieces  and  pennies  were  issued,  and  so  ex- 
cellent was  the  work  that  some  time  after  it 
was  instructed  to  erect  the  coining  machinery 
for  the  Mint  in  London,  and  so  well  was  it 
adapted  to  its  purpose,  that  we  learn  from  Mr. 
Westwood  it  continued  in  use  until  quite  modern 
times.  The  firm  employed  for  its  private  work 
several  medalists  of  note,  among  whom  were  some 
of  the  earlier  members  of  the  Wyon  family,  with 
whose  works  we  are  most  of  us  familiar. 

The  paper  by  Col.  Charles  J.  Hart,  on  'The 
Antiquity  of  Wrought  Iron  in  Britain,'  is  a  valuable 
contribution  to  the  archaeology  of  a  subject  which 
has  not  received  the  attention  it  deserves.  The 
ages  of  stone  and  bronze  are  comparatively  well 
known,  but  the  iron  age,  which  forms,  as  it  were, 
a  boundary  line  between  the  historic  period  and 
the  ages  that  lie  beyond,  is  much  less  familiar, 
because  objects  formed  of  iron,  when  buried  in  the 
earth,  suffer  almost  always  from  corrosion  to  such 
a  degree  that  it  is  often  impossible  to  make  out  for 
what  they  were  intended.  We  wish,  though  it  does 
not  strictly  belong  to  his  subject,  that  Col.  Hart 
had  given  his  readers  an  account  of  what  in  the 
Middle  Ages  and  down  to  some  period  in  the 
•  eighteenth  century  went  by  the  name  of  osinund. 
It  is,  we  need  not  say,  correctly  explained  in  the 
'H.E.D.'  as  "a  superior  quality  of  iron  formerly 
imported  from  the  Baltic  regions  in  very  small  bars 
or  rods,  for  the  manufacture  of  arrow-heads,  fish- 
hooks, bell  gear,  &c." ;  but  most  of  the  earlier  works 
of  reference  gloss  it  wrongly  or  imperfectly,  and 
several  annotators  of  old  documents  have  fallen 
into  similar  errors. 

Mr.  John  Humphreys  has  contributed  an  article 
on  '  Chaddesley  Corbett  and  the  Roman  Catholic 
Persecution  in  Worcestershire  in  connection  with 
the  Titus  Gates  Plot,'  containing  much  information. 
He  gives  engravings  of  several  interesting  old 
houses,  in  one  of  which  a  priest's  hiding-place  is 
still  preserved.  It  is  pleasant  to  find  a  paper  on 
this  painful  subject  so  entirely  free  from  passion 
or  prejudice. 

Mr.  Howard  S.  Pearson  has  given  an  account  of 


j  Alkerton  Church,  with  a  reproduction  of  its  inter- 
esting external  sculptures. 

No.  III.  of  New  Shakespeariana,  a  quarterly  pub- 
lication issued  by  the  New  Shakespeare  Society  of 
New  York,  has  portraits  of  the  president  of  that 
society,  Dr.  Appleton  Morgan,  and  of  its  honorary 
librarian,  Mr.  Edward  Merton  Dey,  whose  contri- 
butions to  our  columns  on  Shakespearian  subjects 
have  attracted  and  rewarded  much  attention.  The 
letterpress  opens  with  a  thoughtful  and  erudite 
article  by  Mr.  W.  J.  Lawrence  upon  '  Plays  within 
Plays.'  Quite  worthy  is  this  of  the  place  of  honour 
assigned  it.  Mr.  Ashhurst  is  antagonistic  to  the 
views  concerning  Bacon  in  France  which  extorted 
the  admiration  of  Mr.  Mallock  and  Dr.  Platt.  The 
publication  appeals  strongly  to  all  Shakespearian 
students,  to  most  of  whom  doubtless  it  is  known. 


THE  first  edition  of  Shakespeare  ever  printed, 
bound,  and  issued  from  the  poet's  birthplace  will 
shortly  be  given  to  the  world  by  Mr.  A.  H.  Bullen. 
It  is  being  printed  in  the  house  of  Shakespeare's 
friend  Julius  Shaw,  in  ten  volumes,  in  an  edition  cle 
luxe,  with  special  paper  and  type.  Each  volume 
will  have  a  frontispiece.  For  the  text,  which  will 
make  very  guarded  use  of  conjectural  emendations, 
that  ripe  and  excellent  scholar  Mr.  Bullen  will  be 
responsible.  Vol.  i.  will  be  issued  to  subscribers 
during  November.  The  work,  which  appears  from 
the  Shakespeare  Head  Press,  Stratford-on-Avon, 
will  be  called  "  The  Stratford  Town  Shakespeare." 


10 

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H.  E.  B.  ("Heiress  of  the  Stuarts").— See  'The 
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and  Raineval,  1899. 

H.  G.  HOPE  ("Napoleon's  Horse  Marengo").— 
Several  contributions  on  the  fate  of  this  animal 
appeared  at  9th  S.  viii.  271,  312. 
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io«s.ii.Nov.i9.i9MO       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


401 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  19.  190ft. 


CONTENTS.-No.  47. 

NOTES:— The  Loyal  Lads  of  Pelthara,  401— 'The  Bailiff's 
Daughter  of  Islington,'  403— French  Proverbial  Phrases, 
404 — "  Anglica  gens  est  optima  flens  " — Lady  Mary  Grey — 
William  Collins,  R.A.— '  The  Death  of  Nelson,'  405— Split 
Infinitive— Flying  Bridge— Twin  Calves— Green  Carnation 
in  Shakespeare's  Day  — David  Montagu  Brskine,  408— 
Link  with  the  Past— Prisoners  of  War  in  English  Litera- 
ture, 407. 

QUERIES  :-The  Author  of  '  St.  Johnstoun  '—Daniel  Web- 
ster— Bacon  or  Usher ?— Cockade — Angles:  England,  407 
—David  Evans,  D.D.— Travels  in  China— T.  Beach  :  R.  S. 
Hawker— "Mr.  Pilblister  and  Betty  his  sister  "—Muni- 
cipal Etiquette— Heraldic  — Richard  of  Scotland— Gour- 
billon  or  Courbillon  Family  —  Crickle wood,  408  — Mary 
Carter  —  Brewer's  'Lovesick  King'  — Smith,  a  Berners 
Street  Artist— "Sit  on  the  body"  — Bdmond  Hoyle— 
Battle  of  Bedr— "  Stob  "—Bananas,  409. 

REPLIES  :— Southey's  *  Omniana,'  410— Avalon— Oxenham 
Epitaphs— Monmouth  Cipher,  411— Descendants  of  Waldef 
of  Cumberland— American  Military  Order  of  the  Dragon— 
"  Disce  pati  "—Rev.  Richard  Winter—"  I  lighted  at  the 

i  foot  "  —  *  William  Tell,'  412  —  Grievance  Office  :  John  Le 
Keux— Duchess  Sarah,  413 -Bell-ringing  on  13  August, 
1814— Parish  Documents  :  their  Preservation,  414— Penny 
Wares  Wanted— William  III  at  the  Battle  of  the  Boyne, 
415— George  Steinman  Steinman — Bottesford — Gwillim's 
'Display  of  Heraldrie.'  416  — Jacobite  Verses  —  George 
Washington's  Arms,  417 — "Talented  " — Hewett  Family — 
False  Quantities  in  Parliament,  418  —  Lady  Arabella 
Denny,  419. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS:-' The  Adventures  of  King  James  II.' 
— 'Vagabond  Songs  and  Ballads  of  Scotland' — '  Aucassin 
and  Nicolete'— 'List  of  Emigrant  Ministers  to  America' 
— '  The  Fight  at  Donibristle.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


THE  LOYAL  LADS  OF  FELTHAM. 

A  SMALL  note- book  in  my  possession  gives 
a  very  full  and  particular  account  of  one  of 
the  many  corps  raised  by  patriotic  gentle- 
men in  the  year  1798.  Dr.  Thomas  Denman 
began  life  as  a  surgeon  in  the  llpyal  Navy, 
and,  as  such,  saw  a  great  deal  of  active  service, 
a  most  interesting  account  of  which  will  be 
found  in  the  sixth  edition  of  his  'Introduc- 
tion to  the  Practice  of  Midwifery.'  Born 
27  June,  1733,  he,  at  the  age  of  thirty,  after 
nine  years'  service  in  the  navy,  set  up  practice 
in  London,  and  ultimately  rose  to  the  posi- 
tion of  leading  accoucheur  of  his  day.  In 
1791  he  acquired  a  small  place  at  Feltham 
Hill,  and  it  speaks  strongly  of  his  patriotism, 
vigour,  and  energy  that  at  the  age  of  sixty- 
five  he  should  have  raised  this  corps.  Dr. 
Thomas  Denman  died  16  November,  1815, 
and  is  buried  in  a  vault  in  St.  James's  Church, 
Piccadilly. 

In  his  note-book,  after  referring  to  the 
state  of  apprehension  in  which  the  country 
was  of  an  invasion,  and  to  the  great  number 
of  gentlemen  who  had  offered  their  services 
to  raise  at  their  own  expense  bodies  of  men, 
he  says  that 

41  feeling  the  same  principles  of  loyalty  and  attach- 
ment, and   convinced   of    the    advantages  which 


must  accrue  from  unanimity  and  the  combined 
efforts  of  individuals  acting  and  exerting  them- 
selves to  the  utmost  of  their  abilities," 
he  presumed  to  write  the  following  letter  to 
the  Marquis  of  Titchfield,  then  Lord  Lieu- 
tenant of  Middlesex  : — 

MY  LORD,— It  is  with  all  respect  and  deference 
to  the  Marquis  of  Tichfield  that  Doctor  Thomas 
Denman  of  Feltham  Hill  presumes  to  make  the  fol- 
lowing lender  of  his  most  humble  services,  which  if 
approved,  he  in  treats  the  Marquis  to  direct  him  as 
to  the  manner  of  laying  it  with  all  duty  before  His 
Majesty,  or  the  proper  Officers,  in  order  to  its  being 
put  into  immediate  execution. 

The  Proposal  is  as  follows, 

To  raise  twenty-five  men  to  be  in  readiness  to 
march  whenever,  or  wherever,  required  in  case  of 
an  invasion. 

That  they  shall  be  raised  and  cloathed  at  the 
expence  of  the  said  Thomas  Denman. 

That  their  clothing  shall  be  a  fur  cap,  a  blue 
Jacket  and  a  pair  of  Trowsers. 

That  their  arms  shall  be  a  Pike  and  a  felling  Axe, 
or  a  Pike  with  a  Pick  Axe  and  a  Spade. 

That  the  Arms  and  the  Tools  shall  be  provided  at 
the  expence  of  the  said  Thomas  Denman. 

That  the  Men  when  raised  shall  be  called  out  on 
Sundays  in  the  Afternoon,  when  each  Man  shall  be 
allowed  one  shilling  to  be  payed  by  the  said  Thomas 
Denman. 

That  the  said  Thomas  Denman  hopes  these  Men 
may  not  be  called  from  their  families  except  when 
their  actual  service  is  required. 

That  in  case  of  an  Invasion  they  shall  march 
wherever  commanded  or  under  any  Oliicer  who 
may  be  appointed. 

That  the  said  Thomas  Denman  has  no  wish  to 
obtain  any  rank  or  personal  emolument,  but  makes 
this  proposal  with  all  loyalty  to  his  Majesty,  and 
affectionate  regard  for  his  Country. 

THOMAS  DENMAN. 

Old  Burlington  Street,  March  30,  1798. 

His  Majesty's  gracious  acceptance  of  Dr. 
Thomas  Denman's  offer  was  conveyed  to  him 
in  a  letter  signed  "Scott  Titchfield,"  and 
dated  28  April,  1798. 

On  30  April  Dr.  Thomas  Denman  again 
wrote  to  Lord  Titchfield  as  follows  :— 

In  consequence  of  your  Lordship's  letter  a  meet- 
ing of  the  Householders  and  Inhabitants  having 
been  called  on  Sunday  April  29th  and  the  proposal 
being  made  and  supported  in  the  handsomest 
manner  by  Mr.  Capel  and  Mr.  Berry,  two  Gentle- 
men living  at  Feltham  Hill,  and  by  Mr.  Moore  and 
Mr.  Redford,  principal  Farmers  of  the  place. 
Twenty  men  immediately  offered  themselves  and 
were  enrolled  as  Voluntiers  in  the  Company,  which 
I  took  the  liberty  of  naming  The  Lads  of  Feltham. 
I  have  the  satisfaction  of  informing  your  Lordship 
that  they  are  all  healthy  stout  men,  and  the  greater 
part  of  them  between  eighteen  and  thirty- five  years 
of  age.  I  have  given  the  necessary  directions  for 
cloathingand  arming  them  without  delay,  and  shall 
at  all  times  hold  myself  in  readiness  to  obey  your 
Lordship's  future  commands ;  but,  for  the  present,  if 
your  Lordship  would  be  pleased  to  honour  me  with 
a  Commission  under  the  title  of  Serjeant  Major  of 
the  Company,  all  the  ends  of  subordination  would 
be  preserved,  and  there  would  be  no  difficulty  in 


402 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  NOV.  19, 1904. 


my  resigning  the  command  to  any  Officer  in  case  of 
actual  service.  But  this  I  submit  to  your  Lord- 
ship's better  judgement  and  remain  with  all  pos- 

Your  Lordship's  Most  humble  &  obliged  Servant 

THO.  DENMAN. 

Old  Burlington  Street,  May  1,  1798. 

About  this  time  Dr.  Denman  issued  the 
following  warlike  manifesto  : — 

NEIGHBOURS  AND  COUNTRYMEN, — Arguments  are 
not  required  to  prove  the  necessity  of  arming  to 
repel  the  Enemy  which  threatens  to  invade  us. 

In  every  Country  which  the  French  have  entered 
they  have  burnt  and  destroyed  the  Dwellings  of  the 
Inhabitants. 

They  have  without  any  cause  or  reason  taken 
away  the  lives  and  robbed,  or  wantonly  destroyed 
the  property  of  the  people, 

They  have  in  the  most  disgraceful  manner  abused 
Wives  before  the  faces  of  their  Husbands,  and 
violated  Daughters  in  the  sight  of  their  Parents, 

They  have  been  guilty  of  every  kind  and  degree  of 
wickedness  and  cruelty,  without  regard  to  Age,  Sex 
or  Condition  of  Life. 

Countrymen  !  if  these  French  Scoundrels  dare  to 
set  their  feet  on  English  ground  we  will  in  God's 
Name  attack  them  and 

Drive  them  into  the  Sea. 

On  6  May  their  "  bear-skinned  hats  and 
trowsers "  were  served  out  to  them,  but  this 
was  only  after  a  certain  amount  of  wavering 
on  their  part  had  been  displayed.  Dr.  Den- 
man writes  : — 

"I  found  a  great  alteration  of  sentiment  in  the 
minds  of  many  of  them.  This  I  attributed  partly 
to  the  lukewarmness  of  many  of  the  middling  and 
lower  class  of  people,  partly  to  their  being  strangers 
to  military  matters  of  every  kind,  and  very  much 
to  an  opinion  that  had  been  industriously  spread 
amongst  them  that  I  had  a  design  to  kidnap  them. 
There  was  nothing  left  for  me  to  do  but  to  per- 
severe, and  after  explaining  to  them  more  fully  my 
intentions,  that  in  all  probability  they  would  never 
be  required  to  move  from  the  village,  certainly  not 
if  there  should  not  actually  be  an  Invasion,  and  if 
they  were  called  upon  that  not  one  of  them  should 
go  into  greater  danger  than  myself,  we  eat  our 
Beef  and  Pudding  with  good  humour  and  enjoyed 
our  Ale.  I  gave  them  their  bearskinned  hats  and 
trowsers  and  their  jackets  not  being  made,  after 
allotting  them  their  tools  we  parted." 

On  13  May  the  Voluntiers  met  on  the 
green  before  the  Doctor's  house,  and  ten  of 
the  men,  who  were  supplied  with  muskets, 
and  thepikemen  began  to  learn  their  exercises. 

On  20  May  a  man  from  the  barracks  at 
Hounslovv  had  been  provided  to  teach  the 
drill,  and  the  men  under  arms  were  much 
improved  ;  but  there  being  no  regular  order 
of  exercise  for  the  pikes,  one  was  contrived 
by  Dr.  Denman,  the  details  of  which  he 
gives  fully. 

The  men  were  exercised  on  27  May  by 
Corporal  John  Hargreaves,  who  came  from 
Hounslow  Barracks  by  permission  of  Col. 
Erskine. 


On  3  June,  Dr.  Denman  not  being  able  to 
attend,  his  son-in-law,  Dr.  Matthew  Baillie, 
acted  as  his  deputy  and  gave  the  men  5s.  to 
drink  the  health  of  the  king,  whose  birthday 
it  was.  The  same  day  Dr.  Denman  sent  ta 
the  Marquis  of  Titchfield  his  first  "  Return  of 
Pioniers  called  the  Loyal  Lads  of  Feltham, 
cloathed,  armed,  and  trained  sufficiently  for 
actual  service,  in  case  of  an  Invasion,"  which 
was  as  follows  : — 

1.  Tho.  Denman,  Junr.    [Afterwards  Lord  Chief 

Justice  of   England,  then  nineteen  years- 
old.   A.  D.] 

2.  Mr.  John  Bedford. 

3.  John  Mitchell. 

4.  Richard  Weeks. 

5.  James  Pursey. 

6.  Tho.  Corderoy. 

7.  Alexr.  Galloway. 

8.  John  Dell,  Senr. 

9.  Tho.  Quarterman. 

10.  William  Topping. 

11.  James  Hayes. 

12.  Nathaniel  Jewett. 

13.  John  Stockwell. 

14.  Edward  Palmer. 

15.  Michael  Appleby. 

16.  John  Jewett. 

17.  William  Gibson. 

18.  William  Edwards. 

19.  Anthony  Mitchell. 

20.  Peter  Pullen. 

21.  John  Dell,  Junr. 

22.  John  Holdship. 

23.  Robert  Galloway,  fifer.          THO.  DENMAN. 

The  weekly  drills  continued  to  take  place 
without  special  incident  until  24  June,  when 
John  Holdship,  one  of  the  Pioniers,  expressed 
a  wish  to  have  his  discharge,  pleading  the 
uneasiness  of  his  wife ;  and  on  1  July  Peter 
Pullen  did  likewise.  Dr.  Denman  entered 
two  fresh  men. 

On  1  July  the  Company  consisted  of 

12  Men  with  Firelocks,  Bayonets,  &c.,  fit  also  to- 
act  as  Pioniers. 

6  Men  with  Pikes,  Felling  Axes,  and  Saws  ready 
slung. 

6  Men  with  Pikes,  Pick  Axes  and  Spades,  ready 
slung.  2  defective. 

1  Fifer.— Total  23. 

On  8  July  "  the  men  were  again  under  arms- 
and  fired  five  rounds  extremely  well  indeed. 
The  Pioniers  went  on  with  an  intrenchment 
on  the  common,  in  the  bank  of  which  we 
buried  two  of  the  plates  of  the  corps  and 
some  copper  pennies."  (Have  these  plates- 
ever  been  heard  of  1  A.  D.) 

On  22  July  a  handsome  banner  was  pre- 
sented to  the  corps  by  Mrs.  Denman  and 
Mrs.  Montgomery. 

Dr.  Denman  himself  taught  the  Pikemen 
the  use  of  the  broadsword,  which  he,  no- 
doubt,  had  learnt  when  a  naval  surgeon. 
On  the  occasion  of  any  special  event  they 


io"  s.  ii.  NUV.  19, 1904.)        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


40S 


fired  feus  de  joie,  as,  for  example,  on  hearing 
of  the  suppression  of  the  Rebellion  in  Ire- 
land and  of  the  capture  of  800  Frenchmen 
in  Ireland  ;  on  the  anniversary  of  the  King's 
coronation  ;  on  the  Princess  of  Wirtemberg's 
birthday  •  and  on  Sir  Horatio  Nelson's  being 
gazetted  Lord  Nelson  of  the  Nile,  on  which 
last  a  bonfire  was  burnt  before  the  Doctor's 
house. 

The  necessity  for  this  Volunteer  force 
seeming  to  have  passed  away,  on  18  Septem- 
ber Dr.  Denman  wrote  to  Lord  Titchfield 
suggesting  the  disbandment  of  it;  and  on 
21  October,  1798,  the  formal  dissolution  took 
place.  The  corps  was  addressed  by  the 
Doctor,  the  arms  were  returned,  the  clothes 
were  kept,  and  a  printed  paper,  fixed  on 
pasteboard,  was  given  to  each  member,  to 
hang  up  in  his  cottage.  This  ran  as  follows  : 
Loyal  Lads  of  Feltham. 
1798. 

The  Names  of  the  Men  who  voluntarily  enrolled 
themselves,  and  were,  with  his  Majesty's  permission 
and  approbation,  exercised  under  the  title  of 

The  Loyal  Lads  of  Feltham, 

for  the  defence  of  their  King  and  Country  when 
threatened  with  an  Invasion  by  the  French  in  the 
year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and 
ninety-eight. 

Thomas  Denman,  Junr.,  Bannerman. 

Thomas  Quarterman,  Corporal. 

Edmund  Betts,  Corporal. 

James  Pursey.  Thomas  Cordery. 

Charles  Dunt.  Thomas  Mortimer. 

John  Dell.  Edward  Palmer. 

Richard  Webb.  John  Dell,  Junr. 

John  Jewit.  William  Topping. 

John  Mitchell.  Michael  Appleton. 

John  Stockwell.  Alexander  Galloway. 

Anthony  Mitchell.  Richard  Appleton. 

Charles  Jewit.  James  Hayes. 

Nathaniel  Jewit. 
Robert  Galloway,  Fifer. 
Herbert  Croft,  Voluntier. 

Thomas  Denman, 

Commander. 

At  the  end  of  Dr.  Denman's  note-book  is 
'*  An  Account  of  monies  paid  for  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  Corps  raised  at  Feltham  for 
his  Majesty's  service  in  the  year  1798."  The 
total  amount  shown  is  150/.  17s.  6d.  ;  but  a 
foot-note  says:  "I  reckon  that  the  whole 
expence  of  this  Business  amounted  to  Two 
Hundred  Pounds.  Sept.  6,  1805.  Tho.  Den- 
man." 

The  accounts  show  five  guineas  to  have 
been  paid  for  a  die  for  belt  plates.  If  any 
collector  who  happens  to  read  this  should 
have  one  of  these  I  should  be  immensely 
grateful  for  a  sight  of  it. 

It  only  remains  to  give  the  song  which 
appears  at  the  beginning  of  the  book  :— 


SONG. 

To  the  tune  of  "  Are  you  sure  the  news  is  true  ?  " 
The  lads  throughout  the  British  land 
Are  worthy  of  renown,  Sir, 
They  love  their  country  and  their  King 
In  village  and  in  town,  Sir. 

And  if  the  French  should  dare  to  come 

And  offer  but  to  pelt  'em, 

There 's  none  more  loyal  or  more  brave- 

Than  the  bonny  Lads  of  Feltham. 

What  though  no  drum  or  fife  should  play 
Yet  when  the  cause  is  right,  Sir, 
In  coat  of  red,  or  brown,  or  gray, 
Each  honest  man  will  fight,  Sir. 
Aud  if  the  French,  &c. 

Our  Wives  and  Children  to  protect 
We  straight  ourselves  will  arm,  Sir, 
We'll  bang  the  Dutch,  we  '11  trim  the  French* 
To  keep  them  all  from  harm,  Sir. 
And  when  the  battle  it  is  won 
And  handsomely  we  '11  pelt  'em, 
Atid  when  the  French  and  Dutch  are  gone- 
We  '11  all  rejoin  at  Feltham. 

ARTHUR  DENMAN,  F.S.A, 
29,  Cranley  Gardens,  S.W. 


'THE  BAILIFF'S  DAUGHTER  OF 
ISLINGTON.' 

THIS  old  ballad  has  occasionally  formed  the- 
subject  of  correspondence  in  *  N.  <fe  Q.'  (5th  S. 
iii.  289  ;  xii.  408,  513  ;  9th  S.  i.  229,  291,  354). 
It  was  printed  by  Bishop  Percy  in  his  *  Re- 
liques,'  "from  an  ancient  black-letter  copy 
in  the  Pepys  collection,  with  some  improve- 
ments communicated  by  a  lady  as  she  hacV 
heard  the  same  recited  in  her  youth."  Percy 
added  that  "  Islington  in  Norfolk  is  probably 
the  place  here  meant."  At  the  last  reference- 
MR.  WALTER  RYE  gives  some  reasons  in  sup- 
port of  Bishop  Percy's  suggestion,  based- 
chiefly  on  the  short  distance  between  the- 
"  Angel "  at  Islington  and  Cheapside,  which- 
is  not  more  than  a  mile  and  a  half.  The- 
ballad  has  also  been  included  by  Halliwell  ii* 
his  '  Norfolk  Anthology,'  and  by  Glyde  in  his 
'Norfolk  Garland.'  Notwithstanding  these 
authorities,  there  are  grounds  for  thinking 
that  Islington  in  Middlesex  was  the  village 
that  was  graced  by  the  presence  of  the 
bailiff's  daughter. 

In  a  letter  written  by  Mrs.  C.  Milligan  Fox, 
the  hon.  secretary  of  the  Irish  Folk-Song 
Society,  which  was  printed  in  the  Morning 
Post  for  23  September,  that  lady  said  that 
she  had  found  in  Ireland  several  ancient 
versions  of  English  ballads,  among  them 
being  'The  Bailiff's  Daughter  of  Islington, 
and  she  remarked  :  "  In  the  ballad  of  '  The 
Bailiff's  Daughter  of  Islington,'  in  the  ninth- 
verse  the  well-bred  youth  says  : — 


404 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  NOV.  19, 


Take  from  me  my  milk-white  steed, 

My  saddle  and  my  bow, 
And  I  will  away  to  some  foreign  countree, 

Where  no  one  will  me  know. 

'The  word  'bow'  gives  one  a  clue  to  the 
.antiquity  of  this  version."  In  Percy's  version 
it  will  be  remembered  the  eleventh  stanza 
runs : — 

If  she  be  dead,  then  take  my  horse, 

My  saddle  and  bridle  also  ; 
For  I  will  into  some  farr  countrye, 
Where  nae  man  shall  me  knowe. 

Besides  the  broadside  in  the  Pepys  collection 
at  Cambridge,  there  are  two  copies  in  the 
Roxburghe  collection  in  the  British  Museum, 
•and  two  others  in  the  Douce  collection  in  the 
Bodleian.  All  these  copies,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  one  in  the  Douce  collection,  were 
printed  by  P.  Brooksby  at  the  Golden  Ball 
at  Pye  Corner.  The  Douce  copy  was  printed 
at  the  same  sign  by  Brooks  by 's  successor, 
J.  Walter.  Brooksby  printed  between  1672 
and  1695,  and  Walter  between  1690  and  1720. 
All  these  broadsides,  which  have  a  few 
casual  verbal  variations,  were  collated  by 
the  late  Prof.  F.  J.  Child  in  his  monumental 
work  'The  English  and  Scottish  Popular 
Ballads,'  ii.  426-8,  and  he  adopted  as  his 
standard  version  one  of  those  in  the  Rox- 
burghe collection.  In  this,  as  in  all  the 
'broadside  texts,  the  eleventh  stanza  runs  : — 

Then  I  will  sell  my  goodly  steed, 
My  saddle  and  my  bow  ; 

I  will  into  some  far  countrey, 
Where  no  man  doth  me  know. 

It  is  therefore  evident  that  "bow,"  which 

•  occurs  in  the  Irish  version,  belongs  to  the 

•  earlier  texts,  and  that  "  bridle  "  may  possibly 
be   an  "improvement"  due  to  the  bishop's 
lady  friend,  although  it  is  also  found  in  an 
Aldermary  Churchyard   chap-book  version, 
•belonging  to  the  middle  of  the  eighteenth 
century. 

The  word  "bow"  brings  us  to  the  time 
when  the  London  young  man  was  wont  to 
spend  a  good  deal  of  his  spare  time  at  the 
""  butts,"  which  were  numerous  in  the  suburbs 
of  London  during  the  Tudor  regime.  Fins- 
bury  Fields  were  the  favourite  rendezvous 
for  the  archers  in  the  north  of  London,  and 
Islington  Butts  were  situated  at  that  point 
of  Islington  Common  where  the  boundary 
lines  of  Hackney  and  Islington  parishes  meet. 
The  turf  embankments  which  constituted  the 
'"  butts  "  may  be  said  roughly  to  have  stood 
at  the  junction  of  the  Kingsland  and  the 
Ball's  Pond  Roads.  We  can,  therefore, 
imagine  that  the  bailiff's  daughter,  trudging 
along  the  dusty  Shoreditch  Road  on  her  way 
to  "fair  London,"  met  the  esquire's  son 
/riding  forth  with  his  bow  and  quiver  to 


practise  at  the  butts,  with  the  happy  d£nou- 
ment  that  is  related  in  the  ballad.  The 
"green  bank,"  altered  by  some  later  editors 
into  a  "grassy  bank,"  is  also  a  sophistication 
of  Percy's,  the  seventh  stanza  running  in  the 
old  versions : — 

As  she  went  along  the  road, 

The  weather  being  hot  and  dry, 
There  was  she  aware  of  her  true-love, 

At  length  came  riding  by. 
The  date  of  the  ballad  may,  I  think,  be 
ascribed  to  the  latter  half  of  Elizabeth's  reign, 
and  the  verses  may  have  been  due  to  the 
fertile  pen  of  Elderton  or  Deloney.  Mr.  T.  E. 
Tomlins,  who  in  his  'Perambulation  of 
Islington  '  has  devoted  much  learning  to  this 
archery  question,  says  (p.  149  n.)  that  the 
last  notice  he  can  find  of  the  bow  being  used 
as  a  warlike  implement  is  in  'Rot.  Pat.' 
16  Car.  p.  13,  n.  12.  W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

[The  latest  use  of  the  bow  in  war  was  discussed 
at  10th  S.  i.  225,  278,  437,  497.  At  the  last  reference 
it  was  shown  that  at  so  recent  a  date  as  1862-3 
hillmen  armed  with  bows  and  arrows  acted  as  allies 
of  England  in  suppressing  a  rebellion  in  Assam.  ] 


FRENCH  PROVERBIAL  PHRASES. 
(See  10th  S.  i.  3,  485.) 

Manager  la  chevre  et  le  chou. — This  proverb 
is  said  to  be  derived  from  a  problem  often 
given  to  children,  similar  to  the  English  one 
of  the  fox,  goose,  and  corn,  only  here  it  is  a 
question  of  a  wolf,  a  she-goat,  and  a  cabbage : 
otherwise  the  solution  is  similar.  The  man 
first  crosses  the  river  with  the  goat,  leaving 
the  cabbage  with  the  wolf;  on  the  second 
journey  he  takes  the  cabbage  and  brings 
back  the  goat,  returning  with  the  wolf  ;  then 
he  comes  back  once  more  and  fetches  the 
goat. 

Us  sont  comme  les  cloches,  on  leur  fait  dire 
ce  qu'on  veut. — Dreux  du  Radier  (in  his  '  Re- 
creations Historiques,'  vol.  i.  p.  120)  says  he 
translated  the  following  from  the  Latin  of 
Raulin,  a  preacher  who  died  in  1514  : — 

LA  VEUVE  ET  LES  CLOCHES. 

Apres  la  mort  du  meimier  Nicolas, 

Jeanne,  sa  veuve,  en  prudente  femelle, 
Alia  chez  son  pasteur  consulter  certain  cas 

Qui  lui  roulait  dans  la  cervelle. 
Elle  avait  un  valet :  son  nom  sera  Lucas. 

II  lui  paraissait  son  affaire  ; 
Ce  n'e"tait  un  galant  a  brillante  maniere, 

Un  Adonis  &  propos  delicats  ; 

Le  drole  avait  de  solides  appas  : 
II  etait  frais,  robuste :  un  autre  en  eut  fait  cas. 
Enfin,  dit  au  cur£  la  dolente  meuniere, 
Le  defunt  6tant  mort,  je  suis  dans  1'embarras  ; 
Lucas  m'en  tirerait. 

Le,  Cure. 
Epousez  done  Lucas. 


io"  s.  ii.  NOV.  w,  loo*.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


405 


La  Veuve. 

Qui  de  son  valet  fait  son  maitre, 
Tot  ou  tard  s'en  repent :  si  je  franchis  le  pas, 
Je  m'en  repentirai  peut-Otre 

Le  Cure. 

Crainte  du  repentir,  no  1'epousez  done  pas. 
La,  Veuve. 

Lucas  est  vigilant,  il  agit,  il  dispose 

Avoir  un  moulin  sur  lea  bras  ! 
Sur  les  bras  un  moulin,  c'est  une  Strange  chose. 

Le  Cure. 

Partant,  Jeanne,  «?pousez  Lucas. 
Elle  allait  proposer  de  nouveaux  anicroches, 
D'autres  s1?',  d'autres  mais.  Sortons,  dit  le  cure\ 

Ecoutez  bien  ce  que  disent  nos  cloches, 
Elles  debrouilleront  le  fait  a  votre  gre"  ; 

L'oracle  est  sur.    On  sonne,  Jeanne  6coute. 
Eh  bien  !  entendez-vous?  dit  le  pasteur  madre. 

Ah  !  monsieur,  je  suis  hors  de  doute  ; 

Vos  cloches  disent  clair  et  net : 

Prends  ton  valet,  prends  ton  valet. 

JJuit  jours  apres,  Lucas  devint  l'6poux  de  Jeanne* 
Epoux  complaisant  ?  Non  :  mais  ivrogne,  brutal. 
Tous  les  coups  qu'il  donnait  ne  tombaient  sur  son 

fine, 

Jeanne  en  avait  sa  part :  il  la  traita  fort  mal. 
On  fit  cent  et  cent  fois  un  e"loge  sincere 
Du  pauvre  Nicolas  et  de  son  caractere. 
Jeanne  pleura,  g£mit :  entin,  dans  sa  douleur, 

Elle  alia  trouver  son  pasteur. 
Elle  s'en  prit  £  lui,  pretendit  que  ses  cloches 

Etaient  cause  de  son  malheur. 
Vous  m'etonnez,  dit-il,  parde  pareils  reproches  ; 

Je  soupgonne  ici  de  1'erreur. 
Jeanne,  certainement  vous  vous  serez  me"prise. 

Mais  tinissons  tout  altercas. 
On  va  sonner  encor.    Quelle  fut  sa  surprise  ! 
Le  son  etait  le  nieme,  et  n'6tait  pour  Lucas  ; 
Et  les  cloches  disaient  d'une  fagon  precise  : 

Ne  le  prends  pas,  ne  le  prends  pas. 

Cf.  Rabelais,  '  Pantagruel,'  bk.  iii.  ch.  xxvii., 
xxviii.  EDWARD  LATHAM. 

(To  be  continued.) 


"ANGLICA  [OR  RUSTICA]  GENS  EST  OPTIMA 

FLENS  ET  PESSIMA  RIDENS."      (See  3rd  S.  vi.  10, 

59 ;  4th  S.  ii.  203  ;  iv.  449,  479,  498,  525  ;  9th  S. 
xii.  509.) — This  line  has  several  times  formed 
the  subject  of  queries  and  communications 
in'X.  &Q.' 

At  the  last  reference,  under  "  English  take 
their  pleasures  sadly  "  (I  have  not  found  the 
Latin  quotation  in  the  Index  to  the  Ninth 
Series),  MR.  LATHAM  quotes  "Anglica  gens 
optima  flens,  pessima  ridens,"  from  'Reliquiae 
Hearnianse,'  and  asks  where  Hearne  met  with 
the  phrase.  See  the  reference  at  4th  S.  ii.  203 
to  Chamberlayne's  '  Anglise  Notitia '  for  1669. 

The  line  in  its  Rustica  form  can  be  carried 
back  to  an  earlier  date.  Kornmannus  ('De 
Linea  Amoris,'  cap.  ii.  p.  47,  ed.  1610)  quotes 
the  two  lines  : — 

Rustica  gens  est  optima  flens,  &  pessima  ridens  [:] 
Vngentem  pungit,  pungentem  rusticus  ungit. 


Binder  ('  Novus  Thesaurus  Adagiorum  Lati- 
norum,'  No.  2983)  gives  the  two  lines,  with 
sed  for  et,  from  Neander's  *  Ethice  Vetus  efc 
Sapiens '  (1590). 

They  would  appear  to  be  among  the 
numerous  Latin  adespot-a  which  provoke 
frequent  but  futile  inquiry  for  the  author. 

If  the  Rustica  form  is  the  original,  who 
first  substituted  Anglica  and  applied  the 
criticism  to  our  countrymen  1 

Mr.  King  in  his  'Classical  and  Foreign 
Quotations '  quotes  only  the  unmetrical  form 
from  Hearne.  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

The  University,  Adelaide,  South  Australia. 

LADY  MARY  GREY.— MR.  RUTTON  remarks 
at  8th  S.  vi.  303  :— 

"  Reverting  to  the  question  of  the  burial  of  Lady 
Mary  Grey,  it  will  be  observed  that  by  her  will  she 
appointed  it  to  be  wherever  the  queen  should  think 
most  meet  and  convenient.  It  is  possible,  there- 
fore,  that  she  was  interred  with  other  members  of 
her  family,  elsewhere  than  at  St.  Botolph's  without 
Aldersgate." 

I  find  in  Stow's  'Survey,'  in  the  list  of 
burials  in  Westminster  Abbey  : — 

Frances  Brandon,  Duchess  of  Suffolk,  1560, 
Mary  Gray,  her  daughter,  1578. 

R.  J.  FYNMORE. 

WILLIAM  COLLINS,  R.A.— The  following  in- 
scription was  copied  for  me  from  the  monu- 
ment in  the  churchyard  of  Speldhurst,  near 
Tunbridge  Wells.  It  supplements  the  in- 
formation in  the  '  D.N.B.'  :— 

Sacred  to  the  Memory  of 

Harriet  Collins 

widow  of  William  Collins,  R.A. 

(of  the  Royal  Academy  of  Arts,  London"). 

The  last  years  of  her  life  were  passed  at  Southboro. 

She  died  19th  March,  1868. 

This  monument  which  marks  the  place  of  her  burial 
is  also  designed  to  serve  as  some  poor  record 

of  the  love,  gratitude  and  reverence 

which  are  inseparable  from  the  remembrance  of  her 

in  the  hearts  of  her  sons 

Wilkie  Collins 

and 
Charles  Allston  Collins. 

W.  P.  COURTNEY. 

'THE  DEATH  OF  NELSON.'— A  few  days* 
before  the  ninety-ninth  anniversary  of  the 
battle  of  Trafalgar,  I  became  possessed  of  an 
old  music  book,  which  from  a  note  inside  the 
copy  formerly  belonged  to  the  Lichfield 
Cecilian  Society.  The  title-page  is  : — 

"A  Fifth  Collection  of  |  Catches  Canons  and 
Glees  |  for  three  and  four  |  Voices.  |  Most  humbly 
inscribed  to  the  |  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen  of  the 
Catch  Club  |  at  St.  Alban's  Tavern.  |  by  their  much 
obliged  |  and  Devoted  Servant  |  Tho"  Warren.  |  — 
London  Printed  by  Welcker  in  Gerrard  Street 
S1  Ann's  Soho." 


406 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [10*  s.  n.  NOV.  19, 1904. 


There  is  no  date,  but  several  of  the  pieces 
are  said  to  have  gained  a  silver  medal  in 
various  years,  the  latest  being  in  1769.  Many 
of  the  contents  would  not  be  tolerated  in  any 
public  hall  to-day  or  any  decent  society,  but 
there  is  one  number,  '  On  the  Death  of  the 
Duke  of  Cumberland,'  which  is  remarkable 
as  forming  the  foundation  of  Braham's 
famous  song.  The  words  are  :  — 

O'er  WILLIAM'S  Tomb  with  silent  Grief  opprest 
^BRITANNIA  mourns  her  Hero  now  at  rest 
Not  Tears  alone  but  Praises  too  she  gives 
Due  to  the  Guardian  of  our  Laws  and  Lives 
nor  shall  that  Laurel  ever  fade  with  Years 
whose  leaves  are  water'd  with  a  Nation's  Tears. 

The  music,  by  Thos.  Norris,  organist  of 
St.  John's,  Oxford,  is  far  inferior  to  Braham's 
melody,  and  the  name  of  the  author  of  the 
words  is  not  given;  but  assuming  that  the 
William  referred  to  is  the  Duke  of  Cumber- 
land, who  died  1765,  and  the  book  was  pub- 
iished  about  1770,  we  have  the  opening 
lines  of  'The  Death  of  Nelson'  slightly 
altered  from  a  monody  published  over  thirty 
years  before.  AYEAHR. 

SPLIT  INFINITIVE.  (See  ante,  p.  359.)— 
Since  Mr.  Lang's  happy  outburst  against  the 
split  infinitive,  our  younger  journalists  have 
followed  suit.  It  is  quite  the  thing  nowadays 
to  throw  out  a  disapproval  of  this  locution. 
But  I  have  not  noticed  any  endeavour  to 
account  for  its  use,  which  has  grown  certainly 
during  very  recent  times.  Is  this  to  be 
accounted  for  by  our  increasing  acquaintance 
with  French  literature  and  fuller  intercourse 
with  the  French  people  1  It  is  an  absolutely 
correct  French  idiom.  A  perusal  of  Du 
Maurier  or  of  Max  O  Rell,  in  whose  English 
pages  the  split  infinitive  naturally  abounds, 
leads  one  to  believe  that  this  is  the  sort  of 
"  corruption  "  inevitable  in  the  circumstances. 

EDWARD  SMITH. 
[It  is  several  centuries  old.] 

FLYING  BRIDGE.  —  This  is  correctly  de- 
scribed in  Voyle's  *  Military  Dictionary  '  as 
consisting  of  one  or  more  barges  moored  by 
a  long  cable  to  a  point  in  midstream.  When 
the  barge  is  properly  steered  it  is  swept  by 
the  current  from  one  bank  to  the  other. 
According  to  the  Rev.  Edmund  Chishull,  who 
travelled  as  a  member  of  Lord  Paget's  (the 
English  Ambassador's)  suite  from  Adrianople 
to  Vienna  in  1702,  such  a  flying  bridge  was 
then  plying  between  Buda  and  Pest.  In  the 
English  translation  of  John  George  Keysler's 
travels  it  is  also  stated  (iv.  242)  that  in  1730 

there  was  "betwixt  Pest  and  Buda a  kind 

of  a  flying  stage  caravan."    Another  bridge 
of  this  kind    plied  across  the  Danube,  at 


Pressburg,  in  the  eighteenth  century,  and  a 
picture  of  it  is  shown  on  the  title-page  of 
Michael  Klein's  '  Sammlung  merkwiirdigster 
Naturseltenheiten,'  published  at  Pressburg 
in  1778.  L.  L.  K. 

TWIN  CALVES. — A  short  time  ago  a  farmer's 
wife  in  the  parish  of  Llangybi,  near  Lam- 
peter,  Cardiganshire,  informed  me  that  one 
of  the  cows  had  twin  calves,  and  that  she  was 
very  anxious  to  sell  the  animal  at  once,  as 
such  an  incident  was  considered  an  omen  of 
ill-luck  or  a  very  great  misfortune  to  the 
family  or  the  owner.  I  find  that  this  super- 
stition is  very  general,  even  at  the  present 
day,  in  Cardiganshire  and  other  parts  of 
South  Wales.  JONATHAN  CEREDIG  DAVIES. 

GREEN  CARNATION  IN  SHAKESPEARE'S  DAY. 
— Mr.  Charles  I.  Elton,  in  his  fascinating 
book  'William  Shakespeare  :  his  Family  and 
Friends,'  says  (p.  162),  speaking  of  pied  gilly- 
flowers : — 

"  The  gardeners,  as  Shakespeare  has  shown,  pro- 
fessed to  create  all  their  varieties  by  grafting  and 
change  of  soil ;  but  Ray  learned  in  the  next  genera- 
tion, from  a  Dutch  farmer  named  Lauremberg,  that 
the  flowers  were  coloured  red  and  green  by  water- 
ing the  plants  with  certain  chemicals  for  a  month 
and  preventing  exposure  to  the  dew." 

This  practice  was  revived  in  the  early  nine- 
ties of  the  last  century.  Instead  of  the 
sunflower  of  the  preceding  decade,  one  saw 
carnations  the  colour  of  absinthe  or  arsenic, 
and  others  of  a  terra-cotta  shade.  The  green 
variety  gave  its  name  to  a  roman  a  clef,  the 
first  novel  of  a  clever  writer.  These  flowers 
certainly  lived  longer,  in  water  or  in  the 
buttonhole  of  golden  youth,  than  did  their 
virgin  sisters  of  the  garden. 

The  clove  gillyflower  or  carnation  is  often 
found  in  Elizabethan  decoration  upon  the 
carved  coffers  and  ceilings  of  the  period. 
There  is  a  fine  chest,  ornamented  with  this 
beautiful  flower,  now  in  the  birthroom  at 
Stratford-on-Avon.  A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

DAVID  MONTAGU  ERSKINE,  second  Lord 
Erskine  of  Restormel  Castle,  is  stated  in  the 
'D.N.B.j'xvii.  401,  to  have  been  "educated 
at  Westminster  School  and  Christ  Church, 
Oxford."  This  statement  contains  two  errors. 

1.  It  is  true  that  he  appears  as  a  West- 
minster boy  in  Messrs.  Barker  and  Stenning's 
*  Westminster  School  Register,  1764-1883' 
(published  1892),  but  that  is  solely  because 
the  authors  relied  on  the  'Dictionary.'  So 
presumably  did  G.  E.  C.  in  his  '  Complete 
Peerage,'  iii.  277.  Lord  Erskine  was,  in  fact, 
a  commoner  at  Winchester  (school  rolls, 
1787-92),  and  took  an  active  part  in  the 
presentation  which  was  made  to  Dr.  Warton 


.  ii.  NOV.  19, 190*.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


407 


when  he  resigned  the  office  of  head  master  in 
July,  1793  (Walcott's  *  William  of  Wykeham 
and  his  Colleges,'  361,  448). 

2.  He  is  not  mentioned  in  Foster's  'Alumni 
Oxonienses,'  but  appears  in  '  Graduati  Can- 
tabrigienses,  1800-72,'  as  of  Trinity  College, 
M.A.  1797,  LL.D.  1811. 

I  much  regret  that  I  did  not  observe  these 
errors  in  time  to  communicate  with  the 
editor  of  the  volume  of  'D.N.B.  Errata' 
which  has  lately  appeared.  H.  C. 

LINK  WITH  THE  PAST.— The  Times  recently 
recorded  the  death  on  27  September  of  "  the 
youngest  and  last  surviving  daughter  of 
Stewart  Kyd,"  one  of  the  political  prisoners 
of  1794.  Her  age  was  not  given,  but,  even 
if  a  posthumous  child,  she  must  (for  her 
father  died  in  1811)  have  been  ninety-two. 
Now  her  father,  whose  date  of  birth  is  not 
stated  in  the 'D.N.B.,' may  be  identified  as 
the  Henry  Kyd  of  Arbroath  who,  according 
to  Anderson's  'Roll  of  Alumni,'  entered 
Aberdeen  University  in  1780.  He  was  then 
fourteen.  Thus  two  generations  cover  a 
period  of  138  years.  J.  G.  ALGER. 

Holland  Park  Court. 

PRISONERS  OF  WAR  IN  ENGLISH  LITERA- 
TURE. (See  9th  S.  vii.  469 ;  viii.  46,  153,  514.) 
— Since  the  last  communications  appeared 
Mr.  Eden  Phillpotts  has  written  two  novels, 
'The  American  Prisoner '  and  *  The  Farm  of 
the  Dagger,'  in  which  American  and  French 
prisoners  of  war,  confined  in  the  then  new 
prison  on  Dartmoor,  in  the  first  fifteen  years 
of  the  nineteenth  century,  play  a  leading 
part.  ALFRED  F.  BOBBINS. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

THE  AUTHOR  OF  'ST.  JOHNSTOUN.'— Can 
any  one  tell  who  was  Mrs.  Eliza  Logan,  the 
author  of  'Restalrig,'  1823,  and  'St.  John- 
stoun,'  1829  ?  The  former  work,  according  to 
the  '  London  Catalogue  of  Books,'  was  issued, 
so  far  as  London  is  concerned,  by  Simpkin  ; 
the  latter  by  Baldwin.  Descendants  of  Sir 
Robert  Logan  of  Restalrig,  the  alleged  con- 
spirator, exist  both  in  Scotland  and  the 
United  States.  A.  LANG. 

1,  Marloes  Road,  W. 

DANIEL  WEBSTER.—"  No  man  was  ever  as 
wise  as  Daniel  Webster  looked  "  ('  The  Limits 
of  Japanese  Capacity,'  by  "  Calchas,"  Fort- 


nightly Review,  November).  Where  was  this 
said  ?  A  similar  saying  was  current  in  the 
last  generation  as  made  by  one  distinguished 
physician  of  another  :  "  No  man  could  be  so 
wise  as  X  looks."  Is  there  a  similar  saying 
earlier  than  that  regarding  Daniel  Webster  $ 

W.  R.  G. 

BACON  OR  USHER  ?  —  Is  there  any  satis- 
factory evidence  to  show  that  the  well-known 
lines  beginning, 

The  world 's  a  bubble,  and  the  life  of  man 
Less  than  a  span, 

were  written  by  Bacon  ?  Of  course,  I  know 
that  they  are  generally  attributed  to  him, 
and  I  was  not  aware  till  a  day  or  two  since 
that  there  was  any  other  claimant  for  them. 
Happening,  however,  to  look  through  a  little 
booklet  of  28  pp.,  entitled  "Miscellanies  ;  or, 

a    Variety  of  Notion    and   Thought, by 

H.  W.,  Gent  [Henry  Waring],  1708,"  I  find 
that  he  attributes  the  poem  to  Bishop  Usher. 
His  words  are  as  follows  : — 

"In  short  the  world  is  but  a  Ragou,  or  a  large 
dish  of  Varieties,  prepared  by  inevitable  Fate,  to 
treat  and  regale  Death  with  :  Which  Consideration 
obliges  me  to  conclude  this  small  Treatise  with 
these  following  Verses,  Compos'd  by  Bishop  Usher, 
late  Lord  Primate  of  Ireland,  viz., 

The  World 's  a  Bubble,  &c." 
One  would  think  that  so  positive  an  asser- 
tion could  hardly  have  been  made  unless 
the  writer  had  good  reason  for  it  Though 
the  *  Miscellanies '  are  not  remarkable  for 
originality  of  thought  or  elegance  of  style, 
they  show  their  author  to  have  been  a  sensible 
and  well-informed  person,  and  one  therefore 
whose  assertions  are  not  to  be  summarily 
dismissed  as  without  foundation. 

BERTRAM  DOBELL. 

COCKADE.— Who  is  strictly  entitled  to  use 
this  ?  Can  any  ordinary  J.P.  do  so  1  Is  there 
any  book  which  describes  the  origin  and  his- 
tory of  cockades  ?  EAST  GRINSTEAD. 

[A  similar  question  is  asked  by  SUSSEX.  The 
right  to  cockades  was  discussed  in  an  editorial  note 
a  column  long  at  4th  S.  i.  126,  references  being 
supplied  to  nineteen  places  in  the  First  and  Second 
Series  where  the  subject  had  been  discussed.  An- 
other editorial  note  at  4th  S.  vi.  94  stated :  "  We 
tnow  no  authority  on  which  a  justice  of  the  peace 
;an  be  assumed  to  be  entitled  to  mount  a  cockade 
n  his  servant's  hat ;  but  we  are  bound  to  add,  we 
{now  no  authority  on  which  that  right  is  assumed 
jy  officers  of  the  army,  &c."] 

ANGLES:  ENGLAND,  ORIGINAL  MEANING.— 
The  Kngle  or  Angles  originally  inhabited 
•Jleswick,  and  seem  (by  Latin  writers)  to  have 
3een  variously  called  Anglii,  Angili,  Angri- 
varii,  and  Anglevarii.  Zeuss  and  Forstemann 
make  them  "dwellers  on  the  meadows?  from 


408 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [ioth  s.  n.  NOV.  19, im. 


O.H.G.  angar,  a  "  mead "  (from  Isaac  Tay- 
lor's 'Names  and  their  Histories').  Others 
have  sought  to  connect  Ung-\a,nd,  J?ng-\ish, 
with  the  German  eng,  "  narrow,"  making  the 
English  the  "dwellers  in  the  narrow  land" 
of  Sleswick.  Which  of  these  two  etymologies 
is  the  more  generally  received  among  scholars, 
or  is  there  another  solution  1  G.  C. 

[The  'N.E.D.'  says  that  England  is  from  "OE. 
Engla  land,  lit.  '  the  land  of  the  Angles,' "  and 
refers  to  '  Angle  V  which  is  said  to  be  adopted  from 
Fr.  angle,  a  regular  phonetic  descendant  of  Lat. 
angul-um  (nom.  -us),  corner,  a  diminutive  form,  "  of 
which  the  prim.  *angus  is  not  in  L. ;  cf.  Gk.  ay/<os, 
a  bend,  a  hollow  angle."  The  Angles  are  defined 

as  "the  people  of  Angul,  -ol,  -el,  ON.  Ongull a 

district  of  Holstein,  so  called  from  its  shape."] 

DAVID  EVANS,  D.D.  —  The  Rev.  David 
Evans,  D.D.,  who  is  given  by  Boyle  in  his 
'Fashionable  Guide,'  1792,  as  residing  at 
21,  Harley  Street,  London,  was  one  of  his 
Majesty's  preachers  at  Whitehall.  He  was 
rector  of  West  Tilbury,  Essex,  to  which  he 
was  preferred  by  the  king  in  July,  1778.  He 
died  in  Harley  Street  on  12  January,  1795. 
Is  anything  known  of  his  parentage1?  His 
widow  (nee  Isabella  Howard)  married  at 
Hammersmith,  on  9  September,  1797,  Mr. 
Francis  Jones,  of  Grosvenor  Street,  London. 

W.  ROBERTS. 

47,  Lansdowne  Gardens,  Clapham,  S.W. 

TRAVELS  IN  CHINA.  —  Can  any  of  your 
readers  recommend  a  history  of  travels  by 
Englishmen  in  China  in  the  middle  of  the 
seventeenth  century,  going  into  details  as 
regards  travellers'  names  1 

(Rev.)  EDWIN  S.  CRANE. 

Thringstone  Vicarage,  Whitwick,  Leicester. 

T.  BEACH  :  R.  S.  HAWKER.  (See  ante,  pp.  285, 
286.) — MR.  HIBGAME  has  done  good  service 
in  drawing  attention  to  the  recent  erection 
of  memorials  to  these  two  men.  Might  one 
of  your  readers  suggest  that  if  copies  of  the 
inscriptions  thereon  were  now  forthcoming 
the  value  of  the  notes  would  be  considerably 
augmented  ?  EDDONE. 

"  MR.  PILBLISTER  AND  BETSY  HIS  SISTER."— 
Who  wrote  the  lines  beginning — 

Mr.  Pilblister  and  Betsy  his  sister 
Determined  on  giving  a  rout? 

M.  C. 

MUNICIPAL  ETIQUETTE.— Can  any  of  the 
contributors  to  l  N.  &  Q.'  refer  me  to  an  autho- 
ritative utterance  upon  municipal  etiquette  ? 
For  instance,  should  I  in  addressing  a  com- 
munication to  an  alderman  write  "Mr. 
Alderman  Pompos,"  or  simply  "Alderman 
Pompos"  ?  In  some  places  the  prefix  "Mr." 


is  given  only  to  councillors,  and  not  to 
aldermen.  Why  ? 

Is  it  wrong  to  address  a  member  of  a 
council  as  "Esquire,"  even  though  he  be  a 
magistrate  ? 

Also,  when  one  is  a  magistrate  and  a 
university  graduate  should  the  J.P.  precede 
the  M.A.  ?  The  magistracy,  being  a  royal 
bestowal,  should,  in  my  opinion,  take  pre- 
cedence of  a  university  honour,  but  others- 
think  contrarily.  A.  R.  C. 

HERALDIC.— To  what  families  do  the  fol- 
lowing arms  belong,  which  I  find  on  an  old 
silver  tankard  of  mine?— Party  per  pale, 
dexter,  a  fesse,  in  chief  three  fleurs-de-lys  ; 
sinister,  a  chevron  between  two  fleurs-de-lys. 
in  chief  and  a  crab  in  base. 

A.  N.  RADCLIFFE, 

45,  Kensington  Square,  W. 

RICHARD  OF  SCOTLAND. — When  in  Lucca, 
on  12  September,  I  visited  the  ancient  church 
of  S.  Frediano,  a  basilica  of  the  seventh 
century.  In  the  Cappella  del  S.  Sacramento, 
beneath  the  altar,  is  an  inscription  to  the 
effect  that  within  lie  the  remains  of  Richard, 
King  of  Scotland.  A  printed  card  in  English 
(very  rare  in  such  parts  of  Italy),  with  this- 
legend,  "  The  tomb  of  King  Richard  of  Scot- 
land," hangs  near  at  hand.  Who  was  "  King  " 
Richard  ?  Opposite  the  altar  are  the  tomb- 
stones of  the  founder  of  the  chapel  (in  1416) 
and  his  wife ;  but  of  course  this  does  not 
even  approximately  date  the  king's  tomb. 
WILLIAM  GEORGE  BLACK. 

Ramoyle,  Dowanhill,  Glasgow. 

GOURBILLON     OR     COURBILLON    FAMILY.— I 

am  desirous  of  tracing  a  French  family 
which  I  believe  settled  in  the  West  Country 
(Cornwall)  or  in  the  West  Indies  towards  the 
end  of  the  eighteenth  century.  The  name- 
is  Gourbillon  (sometimes  spelt  Courbillon)*. 
One  member,  Louis  Gourbillon,  who  took 
the  name  of  Diancourt,  was  administrator  of 
the  Loterie  Royale.  Madame  Gourbillon, 
lectrice  of  the  Comtesse,  assisted  the  Comte 
and  Comtesse  de  Provence  to  escape  from 
Paris  in  1791.  A  M.  Gourbillon  was 
Directeur  des  Postes  at  Lille  in  1787.  I 
cannot  find  further  particulars  —  before  or 
after  — of  any  of  the  family,  and  shall  be 
most  grateful  for  information. 

J.  P.  DAVID. 
23,  Foster  Street,  Lincoln. 

CRICKLEWOOD.  —  The  origin  of  this  place- 
name  is  still  in  doubt.    Mr.  B.  W.  Dexter's 
Cricklewood  and  District '  suggests  that  it 
may  come  from  "  crick  "  as  a  variant  of  creek, 
and  that  the  word  Cricklewood  thus  repre- 


ii.  NOV.  19, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


409 


sents  an  ancient  creek  in  the  wood.  The 
adjoining  district  of  Kihurn  represents  also 
a  creek  in  the  wood,  "burn"  being  more 
literally  a  stream.  The  earliest  mention  ol 
Cricklewood  known  in  print  is  in  Rocque's 
'Survey,'  published  in  1745,  when  it  is  spelt 
with  a  K,  Kricklewood.  In  manuscript,  how- 
ever, it  occurs  in  the  will  of  Thomas  Kemp, 
of  Glitter  House,  Hendon  (dated  12  April, 
1667,  and  proved  in  the  Prerogative  Court  of 
Canterbury  on  16  December  following),  as 
Cricklewood,  the  testator  bequeathing  to  his 
son  Thomas  his  house  and  lands  known  as 
the  Bowstring  House  and  his  lease  of  Crickle 
wood  Farm.  The  present  district  of  Crickle- 
wood crosses  the  Edgware  Road,  and  covers 
part  of  the  land  settled  by  Archbishop 
Chichele  on  his  foundation  All  Souls 
College,  Oxford,  now  commemorated  in  the 
immediate  district  by  Chichele  Road.  Is  it 
not  possible  that  Cricklewood  is  but  a  cor- 
ruption of  Chichelewood?  The  forest  extended 
along  the  Edgware  Road,  and  survived  in 
small  patches  until  the  end  of  the  eigh- 
teenth century  under  various  names,  notably 
Chamberlayne  Wood,  Kemp  Wood,  Turner's 
Wood,  and  Bishop's  Wood. 

F.  HITCHIN-KEMP,  F.R.Hist.S. 
6,  Beechfield  Road,  Catford. 

MARY  CARTER.  —  When  did  this  grand- 
daughter of  the  Lord  Protector  die?  She 
is  interred  in  St.  Nicholas'  Church,  Great 
Yarmouth.  STANLEY  B.  ATKINSON. 

10,  Adelphi  Terrace,  W.C. 

BRE'SVER'S  'LOVESICK  KING.'  — In  Brewer's 
'  Lovesick  King '  the  heroine  is  a  nun  named 
Cartesmunda.  Can  any  one  give  me  infor- 
mation concerning  this  name  ?  Where  did 
Brewer  find  it  1  In  the  same  play  Thornton, 
a  pedlar  who  makes  much  money,  is  repre- 
sented as  the  first  Mayor  of  Newcastle.  Is 
there  any  foundation  for  this  legend  1  Early 
replies  will  be  welcomed. 

A.  E.  H.  SWAEN. 
7,  Van  Eeghenatraat,  Amsterdam. 

SMITH,  A  BERNERS  STREET  ARTIST.  —  An 
artist  named  Smith  married  Isabel  Graham, 
a  lady  who  resided  with  her  aunt,  Miss 
Graham,  the  wealthy  occupant  of  a  large 
house  in  Berners  Street,  Oxford  Street,  at 
the  time  when  the  street  was  celebrated  as 
"the  home  and  haunt"  of  artists,  painters, 
and  sculptors.  Among  the  former  residents 
were  Sir  William  Chambers,  Fuseli,  and  Opie. 
Isabel  Frances  Smith,  the  artist's  daughter, 
was  privately  united  to  a  speculator  and 
racing  man,  and,  moreover,  lessee  of  the 
Royalty  Theatre,  Dean  Street,  Soho,  some 
time  in  the  sixties,  known  as  Charles  Smith. 


All  the  persons  referred  to  herein  having 
long  since  passed  away,  I  shall  appreciate 
very  much  any  information  respecting  the 
artist  Smith  and  his  works. 

HENRY  GERALD  HOPE. 
119,  Elms  Road,  Clapham,  S.W. 

"SiT  ON  THE  BODY."— What  is  the  exact 
meaning  of  this  phrase  when  applied  to  an 
inquest  jury  1  Is  it  more  than  a  metaphor? 

MEDICULUS. 

EDMOND  HOYLE. — Do  there  exist  any  en- 
graved or  other  portraits  of  the  author  of 
the  treatise  on  whist?  XYLOGRAPHER. 

BATTLE  OF  BEDR.— Has  the  date  of  the  day 
on  which  the  battle  of  Bedr  was  fought  been 
preserved  ?  and,  if  so,  what  is  it  ?  This  was 
the  first  battle  fought  by  Mohammed  in 
defence  of  his  faith.  EDWARD  SANDELL. 

[There  is  no  note  as  to  the  day  in  Bury's  edition 
of  Gibbon  (Methuen),  but  a  full  list  of  the  authori- 
ties for  Mohammed's  life  will  be  found  there.] 

"STOB."— Stob  and  stalls  are  words  enter- 
ing into  the  composition  of  many  place- 
names  in  Scotland,  and  frequently  stol  stands 
alone  as  the  name  of  a  place.  There  is  the 
estate  of  Stob  Cross,  now  absorbed  in  Glas- 
gow ;  and  by  the  wayside,  near  the  ancient 
church  of  Markinch,  Fife,  there  is  Stob 
Cross.  It  is  a  cross  carved  on  a  stone  about 
nine  feet  high.  There  is  Stob  Cross,  a  lane 
in  Arbroath,  not  far  from  the  abbey,  and  the 
supposed  site  of  a  cross.  There  is  a  Stobhill 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  Newbattle  Abbey, 
and  Stobhall  on  the  Tay,  an  ancient  seat  of 
the  Drummonds.  There  is  Stobbie-side.  In 
1531  the  Town  Council  of  Ayr  granted  the 
mill  dam,  &c.,  on  the  water  of  Ayr,  known  as 
he"StobAkyr  [acre]  furde  [ford],:'  to  the 
Friar  preachers. 

The  word  stol  is  defined  in  Atkinson's 
*  Glossary  of  the  Cleveland  Dialect'  as  a 
stake  defining  the  limits  of  an  enclosure.  It 
has  the  same  meaning  in  Lowland  Scotch. 
Are  there  any  crosses  in  England  known  by 
the  name  of  Stob  Cross?  and  is  there  any 
iterature  on  the  subject?  T.  Ross. 

BANANAS.— I  wish  to  know  by  what  out- 
ward sign  the  Canary  Isles  bananas  can  be 
distinguished  (by  a  novice  like  myself)  from 
the  West  Indian  variety.  In  eating  bananas 
sold  as  from  the  Canary  Isles,  I  have  generally 
round  in  the  middle  a  very  unpalatable  kind 
of  ropy  backbone.  Is  this  absent  from  the 
West  Indian  sort?  Is  it  true  that  these 
atter  are  coarse  and  without  flavour?  or  is 
t  a  matter  of  opinion  ? 

JAMES  PL  ATT,  Jun. 


410 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [10*  s.  n.  NOV.  19, 


SOUTHEY'S  'OMNIANA,'  1812. 

(10th  S.  ii.  305.) 

I  HAVE  been  much  interested  in  COL. 
PRIDEAUX'S  article  on  this  work,  a  copy  of 
which  I  have  had  for  some  years.  The  two 
volumes  are  beautifully  bound  in  calf  in 
the  style  prevalent  in  the  early  part  of  last 
century.  The  only  title  they  bear  is 
'  Omniana '  on  the  back  of  each.  It  seems  to 
me  that  if  Southey's  name  had  appeared  on 
the  copies  in  boards,  it  would  have  been 
placed  on  this,  and  I  therefore  regard  the 
omission  as  a  proof  that  the  work  was  pub- 
lished anonymously,  and  I  am  tempted  to 
think  that  the  "back-label"  mentioned  by 
COL.  PRIDEAUX  may  have  been  affixed  by  a 
second  -  hand  bookseller.  It  is  scarcely 
credible  that  the  publishers  of  '  Omniana ; 
or,  Horse  Otiosiores,'  labelled  the  volumes 
with  the  name  of  a  writer  who  had  given  no 
clue  to  his  identity  on  the  title-pages.  And 
though  Southey  bore  no  little  resemblance  to 
Voltaire's  Habakkuk,  *'qui  etait  capable  de 
tout,"  he  had  good  reason  for  not  claiming 
the  collection  as  his  own.  He  had  no  right 
to  do  such  a  thing,  for  he  was  not  the  sole 
author  or  compiler,  but  "  the  editor,"  as  he 
calls  himself  on  p.  20  of  the  second  volume  at 
the  end  of  an  article  entitled  '  The  Soul  and 
its  Organs  of  Sense,'  which  he  was  as 
incapable  of  writing  as  of  squaring  the  circle. 
His  words  are  these :  "  N.B.  The  editor 
scarcely  need  [sic]  observe  that  the  preceding 
article  is  taken  from  his  friend's  '  volume  oi 
title-pages,' &c.,  scattered  in  his  memorandum 
books." 

Now  to  this  friend  Southey  is  indebted 
for  nearly  one-fifth  of  the  contents  oi 
4  Omniana.'  Out  of  the  246  papers  no  fewer 
than  45  are  marked  by  an  asterisk,  and,  as 
we  are  told  in  a  foot-note  on  p.  vi  of  the 
"Contents"  of  vol.  i.,  "are  by  a  different 
writer."  This  writer  is  no  other  than  Samuel 
Taylor  Coleridge,  with  whose  bibliography 
no  one  is  better  acquainted  than  COL. 
PRIDEAUX.  In  my  opinion  it  is  the  con- 
tributions of  the  poet-philosopher  which 
give  any  value  to  the  work.  They  are  all 
highly  characteristic  ;  some  of  them  striking  ; 
neither  of  which  epithets  can  be  applied  to 
the  odds  and  ends,  two  hundred  and  one  in 
number,  brought  together  by  Southey.  If 
any  of  the  comments  he  occasionally  makes 
show  individuality,  they  only  tend  to  prove 
that  he  was  in  1812  what  Macauiay  judged 
him  to  be  in  1830  and  what  he  remained 
until  the  day  of  his  death.  "  Mr.  Southey," 


says  the  critic,  "brings  to  the  task  two 
'acuities  which  were  never,  we  believe, 
vouchsafed  in  measure  so  copious  to  any 
luman  being — the  faculty  of  believing  with- 
out a  reason,  and  the  faculty  of  hating 
without  a  provocation."  However,  notwith- 
standing these  and  other  failings,  a  tribute 
must  be  paid  to  his  amazing  literary  activity  ; 
and  an  examination  of  the  two  volumes  of 
'Omniana'  leads  one  to  think  how  well  it 
would  have  been  if  the  genius  of  Coleridge 
had  exhibited  a  tithe  of  the  application 
which  distinguished  the  talent  of  Southey. 

My  copy  of  the  work  corresponds  with 
COL.  PRIDEAUX'S  in  every  way  except  one : 
the  "  Contents "  of  both  volumes  have  been 
placed  at  the  beginning  of  the  second  by 
the  binder,  who  has  so  jumbled  them  together 
that  pp.  vii,  viii,  ix,  of  the  first  volume  are 
among  the  "  Contents  "  of  the  second.  I  now 
rely  on  the  numbers  prefixed  to  the  articles. 
JOHN  T.  CURRY. 

The  hypothesis  by  means  of  which  COL. 
PRIDEAUX  proposes  to  explain,  and  in  some 
measure  to  justify,  the  description  of 
4  Omniana'  given  in  the  Hollings  'Biblio- 
graphy '  of  1900  is  undoubtedly  ingenious  ; 
but,  in  the  absence  of  all  authenticated 
evidence  for  the  existence  of  a  Gale  &  Curtis 
title-page  such  as  he  postulates,  it  would 
appear  to  be  gratuitous,  or  at  least  premature. 
Has  anybody  ever  seen  a  copy  of  '  Omniana ' 
with  the  name  of  the  firm  Gale  &  Curtis  on 
the  title-page  1  Whenever  such  a  copy  turns 
up,  it  will  be  time  enough  to  speculate  on 
the  hows  and  whys.  Meantime,  it  may  be 
observed  that  COL.  PRIDEAUX'S  hypothesis 
derives  no  support  from  the  Southey  letters, 
in  which  there  are  many  references  to 
'Omniana,'  extending  over  the  years  1811 
and  1812.  Southey  always  speaks  of  himself 
ai  the  responsible  editor  of  the  work,  and  of 
Coleridge  as  a  contributor  merely.  It  was 
Southey  who  carried  the  sheets  through  the 
press,  and  doubtless  it  was  also  he  who 
arranged  for  its  publication.  Longman  was 
Southey's  publisher.  "  Has  Longman  sent 
you  the  *  Omniana'  ?"  he  writes  to  a  friend, 
16  November,  1812.  If,  as  COL.  PRIDEAUX 
suggests,  the  work  was  transferred  from 
Gale  &  Curtis  to  Longman,  this  could  only 
have  been  (as  in  the  case  of  the  'Lyrical 
Ballads')  after  the  date  of  its  actual 
publication  by  the  former  firm  ;  for  it  is 
inconceivable  that  Longman  should  have  been 
so  careless  as  to  suffer  any  copies  with  the 
Gale  &  Curtis  imprint  to  issue  from  his  house. 
And  if  '  Omniana '  was  actually  published  by 
Gale  &  Curtis,  is  it  likely  that  Southey, 
ordinarily  so  communicative  about  such 


ii.  NOV.  19,  low.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


411 


things,  would  have  passed  the  transaction 
over  without  a  word  of  comment  ?  On  the 
•whole,  it  seems  more  likely  that  Mr.  Shep- 
herd should  simply  have  erred  in  his  de- 
scription of  'Omniana'  than  that  the  book 
should  have  passed  from  hand  to  hand  in  the 
manner  suggested  by  COL.  PRIDEAUX,  without 
some  notice  being  taken  of  the  fact  in 
Southey's  letters  or  elsewhere.  GRETA. 


AVALON  (10th  S.  ii.  309).— Avalon  was  not 
in  Maryland,  but  in  Newfoundland,  where 
the  name  still  survives  in  Avalon  Peninsula. 
The  following  extracts  are  pertinent : — 

"A  Letter  from  Captaine  Edward  Wynne, 
Gouernour  of  the  Colony  at  Ferryland,  within  the 
Prouince  of  Aualon,  in  New-found-land,  ynto  the 
Right  Honourable  Sir  George  Calvert,  Knight,  his 
Maiesties  Principal!  Secretary.  luly,  16*2*1" — In 
H.  Whitbourne's  '  Discovrse  and  Discovery  of  New- 
fovnd-land,'  162*2,  signature  S,  p.  1. 

"Knowe  yee  that  we  of  our  further  grace  cer- 
tayne  knowledge  and  meere  motion  have  thought 
fitt  to  erect  the  same  Territory  and  Hands  into  a 
Province,  as  out  of  the  fulness  of  our  Royal!  power 
and  prerogative  wee  doe  for  us  our  heirs  and  suc- 
cessors erect  and  incorporate  them  into  a  Province 
and  doe  call  it  Avalon  or  the  Province  of  Avalon, 
and  soe  hereafter  will  have  it  called." — Charter  of 
Avalon,  7  April,  1623,  in  J.  T.  Scharf's  'History 
of  Maryland, r!879,  i.  35. 

"  The  report  of  Powel  was  so  satisfactory  that  on 
April  7,  1623,  Calvert  received  a  patent  from  the 
king,  constituting  him  and  his  heirs  absolute  pro- 
prietors of  the  whole  south-eastern  peninsula  of 
Newfoundland.  He  gave  his  new  settlement  the 

name,  which  it  still  retains,  of  Avalon As 

Avalon  had  been  the  starting-point  of  Christianity 
for  ancient  Britain,  in  pious  legend,  at  all  events, 
so  he  [Calvert]  hoped  that  his  own  settlement 
might  be  a  similar  starting-point  from  which  the 
gospel  should  spread  to  the  heathen  of  the  Western 
World."- Scharf,  i.  33. 

"The  purchase  was  made  about  the  year  1620. 
Calvert  gave  to  this  territory  the  name  of  Avalon. 
He  sent  out  a  colony  under  Capt.  Edward  Wynne, 
who  made  a  settlement  at  Ferryland.  In  April, 
1623,  he  obtained  from  the  king  a  charter  of  the 
Province  of  Avalon,  with  powers  of  government. 

In  1627  Baltimore  visited  his  plantation,  and 

in  the  spring  of  1628  removed  thither  with  his  family 
and  resided  there  over  a  year,  returning  in  the  fall 
of  1629."- J.  W.  Dean,  in  C.  W.  Tuttle's  'Capt. 
John  Mason,'  Prince  Society,  1887,  pp.  139,  140. 

"  It  is  not  known  whether  the  name  of  '  Avalon ' 
was  first  given  to  his  province  in  Newfoundland  by 
Calvert  himself.  In  his  letters  from  the  island  he 
usually  dates  from  '  Ferryland.'  "—Lewis  F.  \Vil- 
helm,  'Sir  George  Calvert,'  1884,  p.  130. 

Capt.  Wynne's  letter  mentioned  in  the 
first  extract  is  dated  "  Ferryland  28.  luly 
1622,"  and  the  name  Avalon  does  not  occur 
either  in  the  letter  itself  or  in  several  other 
letters  printed  at  the  end  of  Whitbourne's 
tract.  Yet  it  seems  to  show  that  the  name 
Avalon  had  been  in  use  before  the  charter  of 


7  April,  1623.  Whether  Scharf  is  correct  in 
his  explanation  is  not  certain,  for  he  gives  no 
authority.  ALBERT  MATTHEWS. 

Boston,  U.S. 

The  peninsula  forming  the  south-east  corner 
of  Newfoundland  is  called  Avalon.  Beamish 
Murdoch,  in  his  'History  of  Nova  Scotia' 
(vol.  i.  p.  65),  speaking  of  early  settlements 
in  America,  says  :— 

"  Sir  George  Calvert,  Lord  Baltimore,  procured 
a  grant  of  that  part  of  Newfoundland  that  lies 
between  the  Bay  of  Bulls  in  the  east  and  Cape 
St.  Mary's  in  the  south,  which  was  called  the  pro- 
vince of  Avalon,  and  made  a  settlement  at  Ferry- 
land.  Lord  Baltimore  made  his  residence  there, 
but  afterwards  left  this  for  his  new  possessions 
in  Maryland." 

Why  the  peninsula  was  called  Avalon  is 
doubtless  explained  in  any  good  history  of 
Newfoundland.  That  by  D.  W.  Prowse  is 
said  to  be  the  best.  M.  N-.  G. 

Avalon  is  a  peninsula  in  the  south-east  of 
Newfoundland  between  Trinity  and  Plascentia 
Bays.  According  to  the  *  Complete  Peerage,' 
by  G.  E.  C.,  vol.  i.  p.  226,  'Baltimore,'  it 
was  granted  to  George  Calvert,  Secretary 
of  State,  in  1618,  by  James  I.,  "  with  most 
extensive  privileges.  After  expending  on  it 
25,000?.,  he  had  to  resign  it  to  the  French." 
According  to  Elisee  Reclus,  'Nouvelle  Geo- 
graphie  Universelle,'  vol.  xv.  p.  653,  the 
place-names  in  Newfoundland  were  usually 
given  by  French  codfishers,  although  a  large 
French  population  is  settled  in  the  Peninsula 
of  Avalon,  which  is  near  the  old  French 
colony  of  Plascentia,  ceded  to  England  by 
the  Treaty  of  Utrecht  in  1713.  There  is  an 
Avallon  near  Vezelay  in  the  department  of 
the  Yonne,  France.  Lord  Baltimore  settled 
Maryland  by  a  grant,  dated  1632,  from 
Charles  I.,  under  the  same  terms  as  he 
had  held  Avalon.  Of  course  English  West- 
Country  sailors  had  long  frequented  those 
shores.  H.  2. 

[Replies  also  from  MR.  E.  H.  COLE  MAN  and 
FRANCKSCA.] 

OXENHAM  EPITAPHS  (10th  S.  ii.  368).— The 
epitaphs  given  in  Howell's  '  Familiar  Letters ' 
have  already  been  printed  in  *  N.  &Q.'  on  two 
occasions  (2»<l  S.  iii.  213,  279;  3"'  S.  ii.  25), 
together  with  references  to  works  relative 
to  the  Oxenham  family  and  this  remarkable 
apparition.  EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

MONMOUTH  CIPHER  (10th  S.  ii.  347).— I  am 
only  too  delighted  to  offer  my  services  to 
MR.  WILLCOCK,  whose  inquiry  has  but  now 
come  to  my  notice.  I  am  deeply  interested 
in  the  career  of  the  duke  and  his  mother, 


412 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  NOV.  19,  iw*. 


and  have  devoted  myself  for  some  years  past 
to  disentangling  the  mysteries  of  their  lives. 
I  know  something  of  ciphers,  and  am  accus- 
tomed to  the  duke's  methods.  I  am  prepared 
to  devote  a  good  deal  of  time  to  the  matter  if 
MR.  WILLCOCK  chooses  to  communicate  with 
me.  GEORGE  DAVID  GILBERT. 

Wentworth  House,  Keymer,  Sussex. 

DESCENDANTS  OF  WALDEF  OF  CUMBERLAND 
(10th  S.  ii.  241,  291,  332).— Permit  me  to  thank 
your  correspondents  for  their  replies.  I  have 
been  unable  to  consult  the  seventh  volume 
of  the  new  history  of  Northumberland. 
MR.  ELLIS  clearly  proves  the  existence  of 
Thomas  de  Lascelles  as  the  son  and  heir  of 
Duncan,  but  I  should  like  to  point  out  that 
Christiana  de  Ireby,  widow  of  Thomas  de 
Lascelles,  married  Sir  Adam  de  Gesmuthe 
before  her  marriage  with  Robert  de  Brus, 
the  "Competitor"  (Bain's  'Calendar  of 
Documents,'  ii.  150).  A  queer  puzzle  con- 
nected with  Christiana  may  be  noted. 
She  seems  to  have  had  an  aunt  called  Eva, 
married  to  Robert  Avenel,  as  well  as  a  sister 
Eva  who  married  Alan  de  Chartres.  Through 
either  of  these  ladies  she  was  connected  with 
the  Carricks  and  other  Scots  families,  as  well 
as  with  the  Levingtons  and  Baliols  (ibid.,  i. 
548).  She  may  have  died  s.p.,  as  stated,  for 
her  own  heirs  were  Johanna,  wife  of  Roger 
de  Edneham,  aged  thirty  ;  Johanna,  wife  of 
Robert  de  Hodlestone,  aged  twenty-eight ; 
Christiana,  wife  of  John  de  Farlame,  aged 
twenty-six;  and  Isabella,  wife  of  Hugh  de 
Bochardeby,  aged  twenty-five  (ibid.,  ii.  457). 
It  would  be  interesting  to  discover  the 
paternity  of  these  ladies.  MR.  ELLIS  draws 
attention  to  the  statement  by  Nicholson 
('Cumberland,'  ii.  449)  that  Arminia  de 
Lascelles  married  a  Thomas  de  Seton,  and 
throws  doubt  upon  the  match.  Thomas  is 
probably  a  printer's  error,  for  Ermina  de 
Lascelles  certainly  did  marry  a  John  de 
Seton,  and  was  mother  of  Sir  Christopher 
de  Seton,  who  was  born  in  1278,  and  hanged 
in  1306  for  taking  part  with  his  kinsman 
King  Robert  Brus  (Bain's  'Calendar,'  ii. 
277,  497).  Who  was  this  Ermina  de  Las- 
celles, ancestress  of  the  Setons  1  She  is 
discarded  in  Seton's  history  of  the  family, 
and  she  seems  to  have  had  a  sister  named 
Elizabeth.  D.  MURRAY  ROSE. 

AMERICAN  MILITARY  ORDER  OF  THE 
DRAGON  (10th  S.  ii.  347).  — The  insignia  of 
this  society  were  illustrated  in  the  forty-sixth 
volume  of  the  Proceedings  of  the  American 
Numismatic  Society  of  New  York  City. 
The  members  consist  of  commissioned  officers 
who  took  part  in  the  campaign  of  1900  in 


Northern  China.  Male  descendants  of  such 
officers  may  become  hereditary  members. 
The  insignia  consist  of  a  circular  medallion 
of  bronze,  bearing  the  human-faced  dragon  in 
gold ;  reverse  plain ;  suspended  by  an  orna- 
mental ring  and  yellow  ribbon  from  a  bronze 
bar,  representing  the  roof  of  a  pagoda ;  on 
the  ribbon  is  a  diagram  in  black  silk,  which 
stands  for  the  Chinese  characters  meaning 
long  life.  ROBERT  RAYNER. 

Herne  Hill,  S.E. 

"DlSGE  PATl"(10th  S.  i.  248,  316).— Could 
the  words  of  this  maxim  have  been  originally 
due  to  any  of  the  following  passages  1 — 
Et  disce  regum  imperia  ab  Alcide  pati. 

Seneca,  '  Hercules  Furens,'  398. 
Cf. 

Regium  imperium  pati 
Aliquando  discat. 

1  Medea,'  189-90. 

Disce  sine  armis 
Posse  pati. 

Lucan,  v.  313-14. 

Disce  arma  pati. 

.  Statius,  '  Thebais,'  xi.  551. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 
The  University,  Adelaide,  S.  Australia. 

REV.  RICHARD  WINTER  (10th  S.  ii.  348).— 
He  was  from  1759  to  1799  minister  of  the 
Independent  congregation  assembling  at  the 
New  Court  Meeting  House.  See  Wilson's 
'  History  of  Dissenting  Churches  and  Meeting 
Houses  in  London,'  &c.  (1810),  vol.  iii.  p.  538. 

J.  F.  R. 

"I  LIGHTED  AT  THE    FOOT,"  &C.   (10th  S.    ii. 

347).— I  am  pretty  sure  that  the  lines  quoted 
bv  SNYFE  occur  in  'Firmilian,  the  Student 
of  Badajoz,'  a  poem  by  William  Edmon- 
stoune  Aytoun,  which  was  issued  under  the 
name  of  Percy  Jones.  I  regret  to  say  that 
I  do  not  possess  the  book,  and  therefore 
cannot  give  a  more  exact  reference. 

ASTARTE. 

These  lines  were  written  by  William  E. 
Aytoun,  and  occur,  if  I  am  not  mistaken,  in 
his  burlesque  drama  '  The  Student  of  Bada- 
joz.' They  are  quoted  with  other  amusing 
passages  in  Sir  Theodore  Martin's  biography 
of  Aytoun.  M.  N.  G. 

'  WILLIAM  TELL'  (10th  S.  ii.  327).— The  author 
of  the  poem  was  W.  B.  Bayne,  an  assistant 
master  at  the  old  Belfast  Academy— not 
Academical  Institution,  as  O'Donoghue's 
'  Poets  of  Ireland'  gives  it.  The  poem  is 
in  his  'Poetry  of  Incident,'  published  by 
John  Henderson,  Belfast,  1850.  Many  of 
his  pieces  are  to  be  found  in  Bell's  'Elo- 
cutionist,' and  I  saw  one,  '  The  Uplifting  of 


ii.  NOV.  19,  low.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


413 


the  Banner,'  quoted  in  the  Universe  about  a 
month  ago  as  "  Anon."        JOHN  S.  CRONE. 

GRIEVANCE  OFFICE  :  JOHN  LE  KEUX  (10th 
S.  ii.  207,  374).— I  am  greatly  obliged  to  MR. 
WATSON  for  his  reply ;  but  it  is  clear  that 
John  Le  Keux  of  the  Grievance  Office  in  1746 
was  not  John  Le  Keux  the  engraver  born  in 
1783.  It  is  possible  that  he  was  the  bank- 
rupt of  1733,  but  not  probable,  and  in  any 
case  would  require  proof.  Once  more,  then, 
I  venture  to  ask,  What  was  the  Grievance 
Office?  J.  K.  LAUGHTON. 

I  remember,  somewhere  about  thirty-five 
years  ago,  hearing  the  expression  "Grievance 
Office  "made  use  of  by  a  gentleman  who  held 
a  superior  position  in  the  Inland  Revenue 
Office  at  Somerset  House.  He  was  at  that 
time  acting  as  chief  clerk  in  the  Statistical 
Department  of  the  Privy  Council  Office, 
popularly  known  as  the  Cattle  Plague  Office, 
then  located  at  H.M.  Stationery  Office, 
Prince's  Street,  Westminster,  where  I  was 
then  a  clerk.  The  gentleman  alluded  to— 
Mr.  Alfred  Gibbs— had  received  a  deputation 
of  dissatisfied  clerks  upon  a  question  of 
remuneration  for  work  done,  and  in  the 
course  of  his  reply  he  said,  "Gentlemen,  if 

SDU  go  on  like  this  it  will  become  a  second 
rievance  Office."  The  expression  he  used 
has  remained  in  my  memory,  and  I  should 
say  that  it  is  not  unlikely  that  some  of  the 
older  clerks  in  the  Civil  Service  must  have 
heard  the  expression,  and  be  able  to  say 
something  upon  the  point,  as  it  would  appear 
that  a  first  "Grievance  Office"  must  have 
been  known  to  Mr.  Gibbs,  who  has,  however, 
been  dead  for  many  years. 

With  reference  to  John  Le  Keux,  I  would 
state  that  the  burial  register  of  St.  Mar- 
garet's Church,  Westminster,  under  17  April, 
1754,  records  the  interment  of  a  person  of 
this  name  ;  and  on  the  wall  of  the  south  aisle 
of  the  church  there  is  a  very  large  and  im- 
portant monument  to  the  memory  of  the 
same  individual.  It  has  a  bust  under  a  kind 
of  canopy,  but  as  it  is  close  up  to  the  roof  it 
is  not  easy  to  inspect  it  for  the  purpose  of 
giving  full  details.  The  inscription  is  as 
follows  :— 


"  Near  this  place  lies  the  Body  of  John  Le  Keux 
Esqr.  |  Whose  Sphere  of  Action  when  alive,  tho 
not  exalted  was  extensive,  For  it  comprehended  | 
Whatever  is  endearing  in  Behaviour  ;  upright  in 
Conduct;  or  amiable  in  Life  |  virtues  that  recom- 
mended him  to  |  the  Affections  of  his  Friends,  the 
Approbation  of  the  Publick,  ye  Patronage  of  ye 
Great  |  By  all  whom  he  was  lov'd,  regarded,  and 
esteem'd  f  Yet  he  liv'd  to  know  by  Experience  | 
That  y°  most  usefull  Abilities,  with  goodness  of 
Heart  alone  to  Support  them  |  Are  not  always  the 


most  Profitable  to  their  Possessors  |  If  he  is  now 
conscious  of  any  Occurrences  that  now  passes  [sic} 
in    this    Life    he    must  |   be   pleas'd  to  see   this 
Monument  erected  by  |  Mrs.  Margaret  Grahame  | 
At  a  time  when  in  so  doing,  she  could  be  influenc'd 
by    no    motive  |  But    regard    to    his    Memory.  | 
Obt  xii  Die  Aprilis  A.D.  MDCCLIV.    ^tatis  Ixxv." 

The  name  of  Le  Keux  is  uncommon,  and  there- 
is  little  doubt  that  if  the  inscription  is  not 
to  the  memory  of  the  person  about  whom 
PROF.  LAUGHTON  inquires,  it  is  to  a  member 
of  the  same  family ;  or,  indeed,  it  may  be  the 
same  John  Le  Keux,  "of  London,  merchant,"" 
who,  MR.  CHR.  WATSON  says  at  the  latter 
reference,  was  in  the  list  of  bankrupts.  The 
monument  is  very  elaborate,  and  was  un- 
doubtedly costly,  and  appears  to  have  been 
placed  here,  as  the  inscription  carefully 
points  out,  by  a  person  outside  the  family 
circle,  and  one  who  must  have  experienced 
much  pleasure  in  his  friendship.  I  fear  that) 
PROF.  LAUGHTON  may  consider  this  as  closely 
approaching  the  "  guess  "  which  he  does  nob 
want ;  but  it  may  perhaps  throw  a  sidelight* 
and  so  be  of  some  little  assistance. 

W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY. 
Westminster. 

DUCHESS  SARAH  (10th  S.  ii.  149,  211,  257,. 
372). — It  would  be  very  interesting  to  know 
the  exact  authority  upon  which  trie  extract 
from  Mrs.  Colville's  book,  'Duchess  Sarah/ 
p.  362,  Appendix  i.,  is  based.  This  extract  is 
headed,  "A  copy  of  St.  Alban's  Abbey  Re- 
gister, showing  date  of  Sarah's  birth."  A 
parish  register,  so  far  as  I  am  aware,  is  never 
drawn  up  in  the  form  of  a  chart  pedigree,  nor 
was  it  usual  in  the  seventeenth  century  to 
enter  the  date  of  birth  as  well  as  that  of 
baptism.  But  supposing  the  pedigree  has- 
been  compiled  from  information  supplied  by 
the  register,  when  was  the  copy  made,  ana 
by  whom  ?  According  to  Mrs.  Thomson,  who- 
says  that  Sarah  Jennings  was  born  on  29  May, 
1660,  the  register  of  St.  Alban's  Abbey  was 
destroyed  by  a  fire  which  occurred  on 
14  September,  1743.  This  is  confirmed  by 
Mr.  Steinman,  who  says  (' Althorp  Memoirs,' 
1869,  p.  52),  u  The  date  of  *  great  Atossa's ' 
baptism,  interesting  to  all,  is  for  ever  lost." 
It  follows,  therefore,  that  the  notes,  if  any, 
on  which  the  pedigree  was  drawn  up,  were- 
compiled  before  September,  1743.  I  presume 
that  Mrs.  Colville's  book  explains  the  doubt- 
ful points  connected  with  the  extract ;  but  as 
not  only  the  date,  but  the  place,  of  Sarah's 
birth,  has  often  formed  the  subject  of  inquiry 
in  *  N.  <fe  Q.,'  it  is  desirable  that  the  authenti- 
city of  the  extract  should  be  assured  beyond 
nuestipn  in  these  columns.  Until  this  is 
done,  it  cannot  be  said  that  the  evidence  is 


414 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  NOV.  19,  MM. 


•conclusive,  or  that  Mrs.  Thomson's  statement 
with  regard  to  the  date  of  Sarah's  birth  is 
disproved.  W.  F.  PBIDEAUX. 

The  following  extracts  from  the  Register 
of  the  Burials  at  St.  Alban's  Abbey  illustrate 
the  tabular  pedigree  given  ante,  p.  372. 
They  are  all  the  entries  that  occur  of  the 
name  of  Jeninges,  Jennings,  &c.,  between 
1628  and  1678. 

1654,  June  1.  Richard,  s.  Richard  Jeninges,  Esq. 
and  Frances. 

1655,  April  6.  Susana,  d.  Richard  Jeninges,  Esq. 

1655,  Aug.  6.  Richard,  s.  Mr.  Richard  Jeninges. 

1656,  Dec.  30.  Mrs.  Susan  Jeninges. 

1668,  May  8.  Richard  Jeninges,  Esq.,  and  Burges 
of  the  Parliament  for  St.  Albans. 
1674,  Sept.  27.  John  Jeninges,  Esq. 
1677,  July  15.  Ralph  Jenyns,  Esq. 

The  five  baptisms  (1653  to  1660)  as  given  in 
MR.  RELTON'S  pedigree  are  all  that  occur 
of  the  name  between  1640  and  1689.  The 
ipsissima  verba  of  the  last  and  the  most 
interesting  one  are  as  under  : — 

Baptism,  1660,  "Sarah  da.  of  Richard  Jeninges, 
Esq.,  by  Frances  his  wife  was  borne  the  fift  [sic] 
daye  of  June  &  baptized  the  17th  of  the  same." 

It  is  therefore  quite  clear  that  the  state- 
ment that  Sarah  was  born  on  Restoration 
Day  (29  May,  1660)  is  only  a  pleasing  fiction. 
The  "John  and  Ralph  Jennings  "  alive  Feb., 
1673/4  (see  p.  257  ut  supra),  are  presumably 
the  persons  buried  as  above.  G.  E.  C. 

I  can  remember  to  have  seen,  many  years 
.ago,  a  fine  portrait  in  oils  of  Duchess  Sarah 
at  Rythyn  Castle  in  Denbighshire,  in  which 
the  artist  had  done  full  justice  to  her 
imperious  appearance;  but  whether  it  is 
there  now  I  cannot  say. 

In  one  of  the  chantries  on  the  south  side 
of  King's  College  Chapel,  in  Cambridge,  is  the 
large  marble  tomb,  and  inscribed  upon  it  a 
long  epitaph  in  Latin,  of  her  son  the  Marquess 
of  Blandford,  who  was  being  educated  there, 
and,  as  I  have  always  heard,  died  of  small- 
pox when  within  the  walls  of  the  college. 
But  my  information  on  this  point  is  certainly 
erroneous  if  'Burke's  Peerage'  for  1879  is 
correct,  for  therein  I  find  among  the  children 
of  John,  Duke  of  Marlborough,  who  died  in 
1744,  John,  who  died  in  infancy  of  the 
-smallpox,  20  February,  1702/3. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Wood  bridge. 

For  "  1678  "  in  1.  18  of  my  communication 
on  p.  372,  col.  2,  please  read  1679. 

FRANCIS  H.  RELTON. 
9,  Broughton  Road,  Thornton  Heath. 

_  BELL-RINGING  ON  13  AUGUST,  1814  (10th  S. 
11.  369).— Among  my  collection  of  special 


forms  of  prayer  or  thanksgiving,  I  have  the 
following :  one  **  to  be  used  on  Thursday, 

the  seventh  day  of  July,  1814 for  putting 

an  end  to  the  long,  extended,  and  bloody 
Warfare  in  which  we  were  engaged  against 
France  and  her  Allies."  Another  was  issued 
the  next  year  "for  the  glorious  victory 

obtained  over  the  French at  Waterloo 

to  be  used  2  July,  1815,  or  on  the  Sunday 
after  the  ministers  shall  have  received  the 
same."  It  is  possible  that  the  "  minister  "  of 
the  small  Warwickshire  parish  used  the  form 
in  1814  as  soon  as  he  could  after  receiving  it ; 
but  five  weeks  seems  a  long  delay.  Another 
was  issued  to  be  used  on  18  January,  1816, 
"for  God's  great  Goodness  in  putting  an  end 
to  the  war  in  which  we  were  engaged  against 
France."  ERNEST  B.  SAVAGE. 

St.  Thomas',  Douglas. 

PARISH  DOCUMENTS  :  THEIR  PRESERVATION 
(10th  S.  ii.  267,  330).— MR.  W.  JAGGARD  will 
be  glad  to  know  that  one  rector,  at  least,  has 
for  some  time  been  engaged  in  making  a 
copy  of,  and  an  index  to,  the  registers  of  his 
parish ;  and  as  by  this  experimenter  the 
employment  has  been  found  interesting,  his 
testimony  may  encourage  others  to  imita- 
tion. Some  peculiar  names  of  women  have 
been  referred  to  in  the  account  given  in 
'  N.  &  Q.'  of  the  notes  on  '  Barnstaple  Parish 
Registers,1  edited  by  my  good  friend  Mr. 
Thomas  Wainwright,  whose  generosity  in 
helping  me  in  this  kind  of  work  at  different 
times  1  should  like  to  be  allowed  hereby  to 
acknowledge.  When  examining  the  registers 
of  the  parish  of  Goodleigh  Prior  between 
1538  and  1649  one  is  not  surprised  to  meet 
with  Audrey,  the  name  of  a  country  wench 
in  '  As  You  Like  It ' ;  nor  would  it  surprise 
one  to  come  across  Jaquenetta,  with  which 
we  have  been  made  familiar  as  the  name  of 
a  country  wench  in  '  Love's  Labour 's  Lost '  ; 
but  to  find  Jackett  entered  as  a  woman's 
Christian  name  brings  one  to  a  stand.  Other 
unfamiliar  names  for  women  are  Matthey 
or  Matheys,  Richord  or  Richaud,  Solomew, 
and  Philpytt.  Among  curious  variations  in 
spelling  we  have  Gartred,  Gartherd,  and 
Carthered,  which  are,  I  suppose,  modes  of 
spelling  the  name  borne  by  Hamlet's  mother. 

F.  JARRATT. 

I  do  not  think  any  good  would  accrue  from 
taking  the  records  and  registers  away  from 
the  parishes  to  which  they  belong,  and 
placing  them  in  the  custody  of  the  District 
or  County  Councils.  I  believe  these  docu- 
ments are  far  more  likely  to  be  required  for 
reference  by  those  immediately  interested  in 
them  than  by  outsiders.  I  should  therefore 


.  ii.  NOV.  ID,  low.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


415 


strongly  advocate  their  retention  by  th 
Parish  Councils,  and  by  the  incumbents 
-and  churchwardens,  respectively.  I  would 
however,  suggest  the  advisability  of  more 
stringent  measures  being  taken  to  ensure 
their  preservation.  This  is  a  very  importanl 
matter.  Section  17,  sub-sec.  9,  of  the  Loca 
Government  Act,  1894,  provides  :— 

"  Every  County  Council  shall  from  time  to  tim< 
inquire  into  the  manner  in  which  the  public  books 
writings,  papers,  and  documents  under  the  control 
•of  the  parish  council  or  parish  meeting  are  kept 
with  a  view  to  the  proper  preservation  thereof 
And  shall  make  such  orders  as  they  think  necessary 
for  such  preservation,  and  those  orders  shall  be 
complied  with  by  the  parish  council  or  parish 
meeting." 

As  far  as  I  know  this  duty  of  the  County 
Councils  is  generally  considered  to  have  been 
•carried  out  by  the  periodical  dispatch  ol 
certain  forms  containing  a  series  of  questions 
concerning  the  documents.  These  are 
answered  by  the  clerk  and  returned  indue 
•course  for  tabulation,  and  there  the  matter 
•ends.  Instead  of  this  I  would  advise  a 
triennial  or  septennial  inspection  by  an 
expert  whose  duty  it  should  be  not  only  to 
compile  a  tabulated  list,  but  also  to  report  on 
the  preservation  and  condition  of  the  docu- 
ments. The  County  Councils  could  then 
easily  enforce  their  orders  and  see  that  they 
were  complied  with. 

In  this  parish  we  have  a  large  number  of 
documents  and  records  which  are  in  the 
custody  of  our  Parish  Council.  We  keep 
them  in  a  strong  iron  box  in  the  church 
vestry,  of  which  our  clerk  holds  the  key. 
Two  gentlemen,  myself  and  another,  have 
been  appointed  by  the  Council  to  inspect 
these  documents  annually,  and  to  report 
whether  or  not  they  are  intact  and  in  proper 
condition.  This  I  consider  to  be  a  very  good 
plan— it  was  adopted  by  the  Council  at  my 
suggestion  some  years  ago,  and  has  worked 
well. 

I  do  not  know  if  it  would  be  possible  to 
put  any  machinery  in  motion  whereby  a 
report  could  be  obtained  in  every  diocese  as 
'to  the  present  condition  of  the  old  parish 
•registers.  I  certainly  think  these  to  be  in 
much  worse  case  than  the  documents  and 
•records  under  the  care  of  the  Parish  Councils. 
Many  of  them  need  the  attention  of  the 
bookbinder,  and  others  have  been  hopelessly 
ruined  through  damp.  Something  might 
easily  be  done  by  those  in  authority  to 
prevent  future  damage  and  loss,  and  it  is 
certain  there  could  be  found  in  every  rural 
deanery  sufficient  expert  clergy  to  furnish 
periodical  reports  and  recommendations  con- 
cerning their  state  and  condition.  But 


whatever  steps  may  be  taken  towards  this 
end,  I  trust  the  registers  will  always  remain 
in  the  custody  of  the  incumbent  and  church- 
wardens of  the  parish  to  which  they  belong. 

At  a  Congress  of  Archaeological  Societies, 
held  in  union  with  the  Society  of  Antiquaries 
in  1899,  I  believe  a  resolution  was  passed 
asking  the  Government  to  appoint  a  royal 
commission  to  inquire  into  the  subject  of 
the  better  preservation  and  arrangement  of 
public  documents  and  records  ;  but  whether 
anything  further  was  done  I  am  unable  to 
say.  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

PENNY  WARES  WANTED  (10th  S.  ii.  369).— 
"  Penny  -  friend  "  :  a  deceitful,  interested 
friend  (Jamieson).  "Penny-father,"  a  miserly 
person,  a  niggard.  In  the  ancient  statutes 
"penny  "  is  used  for  all  silver  money ;  hence 
"Ward  penny,"  money  paid  to  the  sheriff 
and  officers  for  maintaining  watch  and  ward  ; 
"Aver  penny,"  money  contributed  towards 
the  king's  "  Averages  "  or  carriages,  to  be 
freed  from  that  charge;  "Hundred  penny," 
a  tax  formerly  raised  in  the  hundred,  by  the 
sheriff;  "Tithing  penny,"  a  customary  duty 
paid  to  the  sheriff  by  the  tithing  court. 

"  No  penny  no  Paternoster/'  a  proverbial 
saying — pay  your  money  or  you  11  get  no 
prayers.  In  both  Ray's  and  Heywood's 
collections. 

"He  thinks  his  penny  silver."  He  has  a 
?pod  opinion  of  himself  or  his  property,  all 
his  geese  are  swans.  "  Alvira. — Believe  me, 
though  she  say  she  is  fairest,  I  think  my 
penny  silver  by  her  leave"  (Greene  and 
Lodge's  '  Looking  -  Glass  for  London  and 
England,'  p.  123). 

"A  penny  saved  is  twopence  gained  "  (or 
4  a  penny  saved  is  a  penny  got ").  "  Penny 
ind  penny  laid  up  will  be  many."  "Who 
will  not  keep  a  penny  shall  never  have 
many."  J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

I  have  a  newspaper  extract  of  "penny 
readings"  at  Sandgatein  January,  1866  :— 

The  first  of  a  series  of  Penny  Readings,  in  con- 
icxion  with  the  Sandgate  Literary  Institute,  took 
ilace  on  Monday  last  in  Mr.  Valyer's  Assembly 
looms  (kindly  lent  for  the  occasion),  the  Rev.  J. 
)'Arcy  W.  Preston  in  the  chair.  After  the  rev. 
hairman  had  given  a  slight  sketch  of  the  origin  of 
>enny  readings,  their  object,  and  why  they  were 
rst  instituted,  the  entertainment  commenced,"  &c. 

R.  J.  FYNMORE. 

Sandgate. 

WILLIAM  III.'s  CHARGERS  AT  THE  BATTLE 

F  THE  BOYNE  (10th  S.  ii.  321,  370).— I  should 

ike  to  be  permitted   to  say  that  I  cannot 

agree  with  MR.  H.  G   HOPE  in  considering 


416 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       uo*  s.  IL  NOV.  19,  im. 


Viscount  Wolseley's  statement  on  the  above 
subject  unreliable ;  indeed,  the  family  tra- 
dition referred  to  by  him  seems  to  be  corro- 
borated by  the  interesting  quotations  given 
by  ME.  HOPE.  Apparently  the  ancestors  of 
both  of  us  with  their  horses  came  into  inti- 
mate personal  relations  with  William  III.  in 
the  course  of  that  long  day,  as  doubtless  did 
many  other  officers.  W.  H.  MULLOY. 

I  have  in  my  possession  Godfrey  Kneller's 
picture  of  *  William  III.  after  the  Battle  of 
the  Boyne.'  It  measures  50  by  34  inches. 
The  horse  on  which  the  king  is  mounted  is 
white.  FRANK  PENNY. 

Supposing  the  historic  picture,  or  rather 
the  engraving  of  it,  to  represent  faithfully 
the  battle  of  the  Boyne,  it  is  evident  that 
William  III.  crossed  the  river  at  very  shallow 
water,  and  very  likely  when  the  ground  was 
swampy.  On  the  right  of  the  spectator,  the 
Duke  of  Schomberg,  mortally  wounded,  is 
represented  as  being  carried  through  the 
river,  apparently  scarcely  covering  the  tops 
of  the  jack  boots  of  the  bearers. 

On  p.  370  the  name  ought  to  have  been 
printed  D'Arcy,  and  not  Davey.  The  bearer 
was  Earl  of  Holderness,  and  married  Frede- 
rica,  granddaughter  of  Frederick,  Duke  of 
Schomberg.  JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

GEORGE  STEINMAN  STEINMAN  (10th  S.  ii.  88, 
314,  350).— I  have  often  testified  to  the  value 
of  Mr.  Steinman's  antiquarian  works,  and  I 
think  it  would  be  a  good  thing  if  his  privately 
printed  commentaries  on  Grammont  could 
be  made  available  to  that  section  of  the 
literary  world  which  takes  an  interest  in  the 
Kestoration  period.  I  have  sometimes  thought 
of  undertaking  a  revised  edition  of  these 
books  myself,  but  want  of  leisure  has  pre- 
vented me.  Mr.  Steinman  originally  took 
this  work  in  hand  with  the  view  of  sup- 
plementing an  edition  of  Grammont's 
'  Memoirs '  which  Lord  Braybrooke,  the 
editor  of  Pepys,  intended  at  one  time  to 
produce.  The  books  consist  of  (1)  'Some 
Particulars  contributed  towards  a  Memoir  of 
Mrs.  Myddelton,  the  Great  Beauty  of  the 
Time  of  Charles  II.,'  1864,  with  'Addenda,' 
1880  ;  (2) '  Althorp Memoirs;  or,  Biographical 
Notices  of  Lady  Denham,  the  Countess  of 
Shrewsbury,  the  Countess  of  Falmouth,  Mrs. 
Jenyns,  the  Duchess  of  Tyrconnel,  and 
Lucy  Walter,  Six  Ladies  whose  Portraits 
are  to  be  found  in  the  Picture  Gallery  of 
His  Excellency  Earl  Spencer,  E.G.,'  1869, 
with  'Addenda/  1880;  (3)  'A  Memoir  of 
Barbara,  Duchess  of  Cleveland,'  1871,  with 


'Addenda/  1874,  and  'Second  Addenda,7 
1878.  As  the  copyright  period  has  not  yet 
expired,  it  would  be  necessary,  I  presume,  to 
obtain  permission  for  the  reissue  of  these 
books  from  the  representatives  of  Mr. 
Steinman.  That  gentleman  was,  I  believe, 
the  son  of  George  Leonard  Steinman,  who 
was  born  at  St.  Gall  in  Switzerland  (where 
his  father,  Leonard  Steinman,  lived),  1  March, 
1758,  and  died  at  Croydon,  4  January,  1830 
(Steinman's  'History  of  Croydon,'  1834, 
p.  178).  Mr.  Steinman  married,  2  February, 
1836,  Emma  Catherine  Collier,  second 
daughter  of  John  Christy,  Esq.,  of  Apuld re- 
field,  Kent  (third  son  of  Miller  Christy,  Esq.), 
by  his  wife  Sarah,  second  daughter  of 
Abraham  de  Home,  of  Surrey  Square.  By 
this  lady  Mr.  Steinman  had  issue :  (1) 
Matravers  Harcourt  Collier  Bernhard  Stein- 
man, Captain  R.H.A.,  born  13  April,  1839, 
married  24  April,  1867,  Jane  Harriet,  daughter 
of  Richard  Puckle,  Esq.,  of  Broadwater, 
Sussex;  (2)  Ellen  Gertrude  de  Home  Christy 
Steinman,  married  20  August,  1862,  William 
Kemmis,  Esq.,  Captain  R.A.,  and  has  issue  ; 
(3)  Emma  Isabella  de  Home  Christy  Stein- 
man. W.  F.  PRIDEATJX. 

BOTTESFORD  (10th  S.  ii.  349).—  Your  corre- 
spondents N.  M.  &  A.  appear  to  have  been 
led  into  a  misunderstanding  as  to  the  locality 
of  this  Bottesford  by  the  curious  coincidence 
of  the  name  of  the  river,  upon  which  this 
small  town  in  Leicestershire  is  situated, 
being  the  Devon,  sometimes  varied  in  its 
spelling  as  the  Devan  or  Deven ;  but  in  the 
'  Beauties  of  England  and  Wales  (Leicester- 
shire) '  it  is  spelt  in  the  same  way  as  the 
name  of  the  county.  Much  concerning  this- 
Bottesford  will  be  found  in  the  '  Antiquities 
of  Leicestershire '  ('  Bibliotheca  Topographica 
Britannica,'  1790). 

J.   HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

GWILLIM'S  'DISPLAY  OF  HERALDRIE'  (10th 
S.  ii.  328).— In  November,  1858,  the  Editor  of 
'  N.  &  Q.,'  in  reply  to  a  querist,  gave  the 
following  answer  (2nd  S.  vi.  403) : — 

"It  is  quite  true  that  Dr.  John  Barkham,  or 
Barcham,  Dean  of  Booking,  was  the  author  of 
Gwillim's  '  Heraldry.'  Consult  Nicolson's  l  His- 
torical Libraries';  Wood's  '  Athense  Oxon.,'  by 
Bliss,  ii.  297-299:  iii.  36 :  Moule's  *  Biblioth.  Herald.,' 
and  Brydges's  'Censura  Literaria.'" 

See  also  2nd  S.  vi.  10. 

EVERARD   HOME   COLEMAN, 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

It  has  been  stated  that  John  Guillim  gofc 
possession  of  the  work  of  Dr.  John  Bark- 
ham,  Dean  of  Booking,  Essex,  and  printed 
the  'Display  '  as  his.  own  production  ;  but  the 


.  ii.  NOV.  19, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


417 


more  generally  accepted  idea  is  that  Bark- 
ham  (not  Bareham)  himself  produced  it, 
using  the  pseudonym  "  John  Guillim.' 

I.  C.  GOULD. 

It  is  stated  in  Lower's  'Curiosities  of 
Heraldry'  (London,  1845,  p.  261)  that 
Anthony  a  Wood  asserts  that  the  real  author 
of  the  'Display  of  Heraldrie'  was  John 
Barkham  (not  Bareham),  rector  of  Booking, 
in  Kent,  who  composed  it  in  the  early  part 
of  his  life,  and  afterwards,  thinking  it  some- 
what inconsistent  with  his  profession  to 
publish  a  work  on  arms,  communicated  the 
manuscript  to  Guillim,  who  gave  it  to  the 
world  with  his  own  name.  Lower,  however, 
does  not  seem  to  attach  much  importance 
to  Wood's  statement,  which  he  regards  as 
unfounded.  T.  F.  D. 

JACOBITE  VERSES  (10th  S.  ii.288,  349).— At  the 
former  reference  it  is  suggested  that  the  date 
of  a  certain  song  was  1718  ;  at  the  latter,  that 
the  date  requires  the  10th  of  June  to  be  a 
Tuesday.  But  the  10th  of  June  was  really  a 
Tuesday  in  that  year,  the  Sunday  letter  being 
E.  The  "  Tuesday  "  became  "  Monday  "  five 
years  later,  in  1723.  There  is  another  point  as 
to  the  date ;  for  the  opening  lines  of  the  song 
are  a  close  parody  of  the  opening  lines  of 
*  Sally  in  our  Alley,'  written  by  Henry  Carey. 
According  to  Dr.  Brewer,  this  song  was  not 
published  till  1737,  but  it  must  have  been 
previously  well  known,  for  George  I.  died  ten 
years  earlier  on  11  June.  James  Stuart  was 
born  10  June,  1688.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

The  song  quoted  at  the  second  reference 
under  the  title  4  The  Sow's  Tail  to  Geordie '  is 
in  Hogg's  '  Jacobite  Relics  of  Scotland,'  i.  91. 
In  a  discursive  explanatory  note  Hogg  says 
that  the  unsavoury  allusions  are  to  the 
relations  of  George  I.  with  the  Countess  of 
Platen,  who  was  created  Countess  of  Darling- 
ton, and  ultimately  married  Lord  Viscount 
Howe.  "All  this  gibing  and  fun,"  says  the 
genial  editor,  "that  runs  through  so  many 
of  the  songs  of  that  period,  without  explana- 
tion must  appear  rather  inexplicable  ;  but 
from  whatever  cause  it  may  have  originated, 
it  is  evident  that  the  less  that  is  said  about 
it  the  better."  He  adds  that  in  his  boyhood 
he  frequently  heard  the  song  from  an  old 
woman,  a  determined  Jacobite,  who  always 
explained  when  she  rehearsed  it  that  "  it  was 
a  cried-down  sang,  but  she  didna  mind  that." 

THOMAS  BAYNE. 
[T.  F.  D.  also  refers  to  Hogg.] 

GEORGE  WASHINGTON'S  ARMS  (10th  S.  ii. 
527). — The  arras  which  General  Washington 
would  be  entitled  to  bear  are  those  of  his 


ancestors  as  found  on  their  tombs  in  the 
churches  of  Brington  and  Sulgrave,  in  North- 
amptonshire, and  also  in  other  places.  They 
are  Argent,  two  bars  gules,  and  in  chief  three 
mullets  of  the  second.  Your  correspondent 
may  be  interested  to  know  that  an  illustrated 
article  of  two  and  a  quarter  columns,  entitled 
'The  Washington  Arms  and  the  United 
States  Flag,'  by  Dr.  Moncure  D.  Conway, 
appeared  in  the  Graphic  of  G  May,  1893.  I 
copy  thence  the  following  important  para- 
graph :— 

"The  earliest  description  of  the  Washington 
arms  with  which  I  am  acquainted  is  in  the  Dods- 
worth  MS.  (Bodleian,  118,  fol.  Ill  b).  We  there 
find  Walterus  de  Wessington,  'miles,'  A.D.  1306. 
He  was  the  son  of  '  Willielmi  Domini  de  Wessyng- 
ton,'  his  wife  was  named  Dionesia,  and  he  is  one 
of  the  witnesses  to  a  charter  of  Richard,  Bishop  of 
Durham,  1311,  where  he  is  styled  '  D'no  Waltero  de 
Wessington.'  There  is  little  doubt  that  the  estates 
of  these  Washingtons  named  the  present  village  of 
Washington  in  Durham.  Their  earliest  arms  are 
'Gul.,  on  a  barre  argt.  3  cinquefoiles  of  ye  first.' 
When  '  Wessington '  changes  to  *  Weshyngton  '  the 
arms  are  *  G.,  on  a  fesse  sa.  3  mullets  g.  With  the 
first  appearance  of  'Washington'  the  arms  are 
'  Argt.,  2  barrs,  and  in  cheife  3  molets  gules.'  These 
last  have  remained  the  Washington  arms  for  more 
than  five  centuries." 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

A  good  cut  of  the  arms  appears  at  the  end 
of  chap.  i.  of  the  first  volume  of  Irying's 
'  Life  of  Washington '  in  one  of  the  editions  I 
possess,  namely,  "  The  Kinderhook  Edition," 
G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons,  New  York,  n.d. ;  pub. 
circa  1890  (?).  The  same  chapter,  by  the 
way,  gives  many  interesting  particulars  of 
Washington's  ancestry.  I  have  previously 
cited  in  these  columns  (ante,  p.  64)  a 
genealogical  account  by  Washington  him- 
self ;  the  article  is  accompanied  by  a  facsimile 
of  his  manuscript  (cp.  New  York  Genealogical 
and  Biographical  Record,  xxxiii.  200,  208). 

The  statement  has  been  made  to  me  that 
there  is  a  striking  similarity  between 
Washington's  arms  and  those  borne  by  an 
English  family  surnamed  Denton,  which  is 
supposed  to  have  descended  from  the  ancient 
family  of  Denton  described  in  Burke's 
'  Landed  Gentry,'  ii..  Appendix,  100  (London, 
1850).  Some  of  Washington's  ancestors  resided 
in  Yorkshire,  in  which  county  there  have 
also  been  Dentons,  for  my  late  respected 
father-in-law,  Mr.  John  Denton,  sen.,  born 
at  Beverley  circa  1822,  was  of  Yorkshire 
parentage:  doubtless,  a  mere  coincidence, 
but  I  should  be  glad  of  further  light  on  the 
point  above  raised.  Will  a  correspondent 
learned  in  heraldic  matters  be  good  enough 
to  supply  some  data  ? 

EUGENE  FAIRFIELD  McPiKE. 

1,  Park  Row,  Room  006,  Chicago. 


418  • 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  NOV.  19, 1904. 


"TALENTED"  (10th  S.  ii.  23,  93,  172).— In  his 
*  Modern  English,'  1873,  the  late  Dr.  Fitz- 
edward  Hall  discussed  talent,  talents,  and 
talented  at  great  length  (pp.  61-76).  Among 
other  things,  Dr.  Hall  remarked  that  "the 
verb  talent,  in  like  manner,  we  might  mint 
legitimately,  if  we  wanted  it,"  and  that 
"  talent  has  not,  to  my  knowledge,  been  pro- 
duced as  a  verb ;  but  outtalent,  which  is 
just  as  bold  a  venture,  has  been  used  as 
such."  The  purpose  of  the  present  note  is  to 
show  (what,  so  far  as  I  am  aware,  has  never 
before  been  pointed  out)  that  talent  has  been 
used  as  a  verb.  Speaking  of  his  father,  the 
Rev.  Increase  Mather,  President  of  Harvard 
College  and  a  leading  figure  in  the  politics  of 
Massachusetts  in  his  day,  the  Rev.  Cotton 
Mather  says  in  his  *  Magnalia,'  published  in 
1702  :— 

"  Should  I  on  the  other  side  bury  in  utter  silence, 
all  the  Effects  of  that  Care  and  Zeal  wherewith  he 
hath  Employed  in  his  peculiar  Opportunities,  with 
which  the  Free  Grace  of  Heaven  hath  Talented  him 
to  do  Good  unto  the  Publick  ;  I  must  cut  off  some 
Essentials  of  my  Story."— Book  iv.  part  i.  §  6, 
p.  130. 

No  doubt  it  would  have  delighted  Coleridge 
hugely,  had  he  known  that  such  a  verb  had 
been  ventured  by  an  American. 

ALBERT  MATTHEWS. 

Boston,  U.S. 

HEWETT  FAMILY  (10th  S.  ii.  48).— There  is 
no  published  history  of  this  family,  though 
the  late  COL.  J.  F.  NAPIER  HEWETT  had  col- 
lected a  large  quantity  of  material — pedi- 
grees, biographies,  &c.— for  this  object,  some 
notes  upon  which  he  contributed  to  '  N.  &  Q.' 
so  far  back  as  1858,  as  well  as  to  the  Gentle- 
man''s  Magazine  for  June,  1861.  His  collection 
unfortunately  became  dispersed,  or  at  least 
lost  sight  of," after  his  death  in  1867 ;  but  I 
possess  what  is  probably  the  next  best  col- 
lection of  historical  and  genealogical  memo- 
randa relating  to  the  family,  compiled  from 
various  sources  during  the  last  forty  years. 
Much  of  this  is  of  only  private  interest,  but 
I  should  be  pleased  to  supply  to  any  of  your 
correspondents,  as  I  have  sometimes  done 
in  time  past,  direct  information  as  to  the 
various  branches  of  this  over-numerous  and 
not  undistinguished  family. 

Perhaps  I  may  be  allowed  to  state  here 
that  the  Leicestershire  branch  was  descended 
from  William,  son  of  Thomas  Hewett,  of 
Wallis  or  Wales,  co.  York,  and  nephew  of  Sir 
William  Hewett,  Lord  Mayor  of  London 
1559-60.  Sir  William,  whose  daughter  and 
heiress  was  ancestress  of  the  Dukes  of  Leeds, 
bequeathed,  by  will  proved  March,  1566/7,  to 
this  nephew  William  his  parsonage  at  Dun- 


ston  Bassett,  co.  Leicester.  This  property,, 
together  with  Stretton  and  Glen  in  the  same- 
county,  continued  in  the  direct  line  of  suc- 
cession until  the  death  without  issue  of 
William  Hewett,  Esq.,  in  1766,  when  it  passed 
to  his  grand  niece  and  heiress,  Dorothy 
Chester,  wife  of  Sir  George  Robinson,  Bart. 

The  present  family  of  Hewett,  Baronets  of 
Netherseale,  co.  Leicester,  claim  descent  from 
an  uncle  of  the  last-named  William  Hewett, 
and  their  claim  is  pfobably  well  founded ,. 
but  all  the  steps  in  the  descent  have  not  yet 
been  clearly  proved,  nor  do  the  family  now 
hold  any  property  in  the  county.  MR.  CHARLES- 
E.  HEWITT  will  find  some  information  about 
the  Hewetts  of  Dunston  Bassett  and  Stretton 
in  the  Rev.  J.  H.  Hill's  l  History  of  the  Hun- 
dred of  Gartree,  Market  Harborough,  and 
Leicester,'  published  in  1875. 

J.  A.  HEWITT,  D.C.L., 

Canon  of  Grahamstown. 

The  Rectory,  Cradock,  South  Africa. 

FALSE  QUANTITIES  IN  PARLIAMENT  (10fch  S; 
ii.  326). — Instead  of  Hume  and  Canning,  we- 
have  to  substitute  Burke  and  Lord  North. 
The  incident  occurred  on  15  December,  1779'. 

"  While  enforcing  the  necessity  for  frugality,  and 
recommending  to  the  Minister  the  old  and  valuable- 
Roman  apothegm,  '  Magnum  yectigal  est  parsi- 
monia,'  he  used  a  false  quantity,  rendering  the- 
second  word  '  vectigal.'  Lord  North,  in  a  low  tone, 
corrected  the  error,  when  Mr.  Burke,  with  his 
usual  presence  of  mind,  turned  the  mistake  to 
advantage.  '  The  noble  lord,'  said  he,  '  hints  thafc 
1  have  erred  in  the  quantity  of  a  principal  word  in 
my  quotation  ;  I  rejoice  at  it,  because  it  gives  me 
an  opportunity  of  repeating  the  inestimable  adage/ 
and  with  increased  energy  he  thundered  forth,. 
'Magnum  vectigal  est  parsimonia.'  " — Prior's  '  Life, 
of  Burke,'  third  edition,  1839,  p.  205. 

See  also  *  A  New  Dictionary  of  Quotations^ 
Lond.,  1861,  p.  262.      C.  LAWRENCE  FORD. 
Bath. 

The  story  referred  to  by  MR.  FRANCIS 
KING  is  to  be  found  in  'Recollections  of 
William  Wilberforce,'  and  is  given  in  a  note 
to  Murray's  edition  of  Gibbon's  'Auto- 
biography,' 1896,  at  p.  52.  Need  I  add  that 
the  maxim  referred  to  is  in  the  *  Paradoxa ' 
of  Cicero,  vi.  3 1  W.  E.  BROWNING. 

Inner  Temple. 

Prof.  George  Pryme  tells  the  anecdote  in 
chap.  vi.  of  his  'Autobiographic  Recollec- 
tions.' He  says  that  it  was  Burke  who  made 
the  false  quantity,  and  Lord  North  who 
corrected  him.  Prof.  Pryme  was  M.P.  for 
Cambridge.  A.  R.  MALDEN. 

Edmund  Burke  appears  to  have  made  the 
mistake  attributed  to  Hume  in  the  query. 
Mr.  Morley,  in  his  *  Walpole,'  after  referring 


.  ii.  NOV.  19,  low.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


to  the  well-known  account  of  the  wager  in 
the  House  of  Commons  between  Walpole  and 
Pulteney,  over  a  quotation  from  Horace,  goes 
on  to  say  :  "  The  error  was  no  worse  than 
Burke's  false  quantity  when  he  cried  *  Mag- 
num vectigal  est  parcimonia.'  Yet  Burke 
was  not  illiterate."  LANCE.  H.  HUGHES. 
[Replies  also  from  E.  S.  C.  and  M.  N.  G.] 

LADY  ARABELLA  DENNY  (10th  S.  ii.  368).— 
The  early  numbers  of  'N.  &  Q.'  contained 
many  references  to  this  most  "esteemed  lady's 
virtues  and  angelic  life."  They  are  princi- 
pally from  the  Cork  Remembrancer \  1760 ; 
Dublin  Freeman's  Journal^  1765  ;  John  Wes- 
ley's'Journal/  1783;  and  the  Dublin  Chro- 
nicle of  10  April,  1792,  reporting  the  death  of 
Lady  Arabella  at  Blackrock  on  18  March  of 
that  year. 

If  any  of  the  above-named  extracts  will  be 
of  service  to  the  REV.  H.  L.  L.  DENNY,  I  shall 
only  be  too  pleased  to  furnish  him  with 
manuscript  copies  of  them. 

EVERARD  HOME   COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 
The  Adventures  of  King  James  II.  of  England.    By 

the  Author  of  '  A  Life  of  Sir  Kenelm  Digby/  &c. 

(Longmans  &  Co.) 

THAT* this  volume  scarcely  aims  at  the  dignity  and 
responsibility  of  regular  history  is  shown  by  its 
title  and  explained  in  the  preliminary  pages.  Of 
the  sixty-eight  years  of  James's  life  little  more  than 
two  were  spent  on  the  throne  of  England.  Instead, 
then,  of  showing  him  as  what,  with  a  lavish  use 
of  alliteration,  is  called  a  "failure,"  a  "fool,"  a 
"  fanatic,"  our  author  prefers  to  contemplate  him  as 
a  soldier  and  a  sailor,  in  both  of  which  respects  he 
has  claims  upon  attention.  It  is  not  very  necessary 
to  take  account  of  the  points  of  view  from  which 
James  is  regarded.  Firm  believers  in  Catholicism, 
such  as  we  are  prepared  to  find  the  author,  will 
naturally  regard  as  service  what  those  of  an  opposite 
way  of  thinking  will  consider  disservice  to  religion. 
Pains  are  taken  to  establish  what  few  now- 
adays will  seek  to  deny,  that  James,  in  his  con- 
version to  Roman  Catholicism,  was  influenced  by 
fervour,  or,  as  some  would  say,  by  fanaticism, 
rather  than  by  interest.  In  the  introduction  to 
the  work  by  Dr.  Gasquet,  the  president  of  the 
English  Benedictines,  a  strong  effort  is  made  to 
establish  the  period  and  the  sincerity  of  the  con- 
version, and  elaborate  and  convincing  explanations 
are  given  of  the  manner  in  which  the  Duchess  of 
York,  Charles  H.,  and  James  II.  were  all  accepted 
into  the  Roman  Church.  Apart  from  the  question 
of  heredity,  the  influence  of  which  may  well  have 
been  all-important,  and  apart  from  that  species  of 
attraction  which  an  ornate  and  imperious  creed 
will  always  have  over  a  not  very  responsible  or 
reflective  governing  class,  the  Stuarts,  without 
exception,  were  disposed  to  favour  a  rigorous 
ecclesiasticism.  The  question,  moreover,  how  far  a 


strenuous  creed  is  reconcilable  with  loose  practice* 
is  not  to  be  discussed.  The  new  volume,  then,  is 
an  apologia  for  James  such  as  has  more  than  once 
been  attempted.  It  is  not  much  to  call  him  the 
best  king  of  his  race.  He  might  well  be  that: 
"  Among  the  blind  the  one-eyed  blinkard  reigns." 
At  p.  495,  in  passages  too  long  to  be  quoted,  after 
drawing  comparisons,  wholly  in  favour  of  the  later 
monarch, between  him  and  the  "pompous, priggish, 
nervous  James  I.,"  and  declaring  the  second  James- 
as  without  his  father's  charm,  but  far  more  true,  it 
is  added  that  while  Charles  II.  was  an  adept  ir> 
deception  and  faithless  to  his  promises,  "James  II. 
told  the  truth  in  season  ana  out  of  season,  and 
his  word  was  inviolate."  In  an  account  of  the 
manner  in  which  (p.  36)  Queen  Henrietta  Maria 
is  described  by  Pere  Gamache  as  receiving  the  news- 
of  her  husband's  death,  an  allusion  is  made  to  a 
dictum  of  a  "  great  philosopher."  The  dictum  in 
question  belongs,  surely,  to  Shakespeare,  whom,, 
however,  we  are  willing  to  accept  as  a  "  great  philo- 
sopher." What  is  said  about  the  influence  over 
James  of  his  great  master  in  war  and  his  sub- 
sequent opponent  Turenne,  and  the  effect  of  his 
example  upon  the  conversion  of  the  king,  is  very 
interesting.  Pains  are  taken  to  exculpate  James 
from  the  charge  of  cruelty.  It  is  possible  that  the- 
king  had  less  to  do  than  is  generally  supposed  with 
the  iniquities  of  Jeffreys.  He  cannot,  at  least,  be 
absolved  from  the  charge  of  having  chosen  ill  mini- 
strants,  and  having  left  them  a  reprehensibly  free 
hand.  Concerning  his  treatment  or  Monmouth  we 
have  little  tosay.  That  troublesome  and  abject  being, 
whose  whitewashing  has,  we  think,  not  yet  been 
undertaken,  richly  deserved  his  fate,  and  would  have 
wearied  out  a  more  patient  and  tolerant  man  than 
his  uncle.  Against  tne  charge  of  being  unforgiving 
James  is  warmly  defended.  What  seems  like  a 
curious  bit  of  cynicism  is  encountered  (p.  375)  when 
the  cheering  of  the  troops  at  Hounsiow  on  the 
discharge  of  the  bishops  is  held  to  be  probably  due 
to  the  desire  of  the  Protestant  soldiers  to  annoy 
their  Catholic  fellows.  A  small  measure  of  admira- 
tion is  accorded  to  William  of  Orange,  and  neither 
of  James's  daughters,  Mary  and  Anne,  is  very 
charitably  regarded.  When  the  task  essayed  by 
James  of  bringing  back  England  to  the  Roman  fold 
is  looked  at  sympathetically,  it  is  difficult  to  be  too 
severe  in  the  judgment  of  those  by  whom  his  pious 
mission  was  impeded.  Another  point  of  view  may, 
however,  be  possibly  entertained.  The  illustra- 
tions, which  are  numerous  and  excellent,  add 
greatly  to  the  attractions  of  a  readable  and  an 
edifying  volume. 

Vagabond  Songs  and  Ballads  of  Scotland.    Edited 

by  Robert  Ford.  (Paisley,  Gardner.) 
A  NEW  and  revised  edition  of  '  Vagabond  Songs  and 
Ballads'  is  welcome,  though  it  is  unlikely  that  it 
will  supplant  with  connoisseurs  the  previous  edi- 
tion, in  two  volumes,  which  saw  the  light  in  1899- 
1901.  Scotland  is  rich  in  popular  songs  and  ballads, 
and  the  collection  now,  with  some  modifications, 
reprinted  gives  a  considerable  number,  together 
with  the  airs  with  which  they  are  generally  asso- 
ciated. A  certain  number  of  popular  ditties,  such 
as  '  The  Miller  of  Drone '  and  *  The  Young  Laird  o' 
Kelty,'  which  a  hundred  years  ago  were  freely  sung 
in  mixed  company,  are  judged  inadmissible,  "by 
reason  of  their  high-kilted  aspect  and  over-luxuriant 
character."  This  is  regrettable  in  the  case  of  folk- 
lore productions ;  but  in  that  of  a  generation 


420 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  NOV.  10,  MM. 


careful  only  concerning  the  exterior  coat  of  white- 
wash we  suppose  concession  must  be  made.  The 
ballads  may  or  may  not  have  taken  their  rise  in 
Scotland.  Many  of  them  are  familiar  enough  to 
residents  in  the  northern  counties  of  England,  and 
some  of  them,  such  as  "  Where  are  you  going,  my 
pretty  fair  maid?"  are,  in  more  or  less  altered 
versions,  known  much  further  south.  A  good  many 
-of  the  songs  are  modern.  Such  are,  for  instance, 
*  The  Massacre  of  Ta  Phairshons,'  by  Aytoun,  which 
appears  in  Bon  Gaultier,  and  'The  Heights  of 
Alma.'  In  slightly  altered  form  we  have  heard 
many  of  the  songs  sung  in  the  West  Riding.  "  Nae- 
body  comin'  to  marry  me  "  there  begins : — 

Last  night  the  dogs  did  bark, 
I  went  to  the  gate  to  see  ; 

And  every  lass  had  a  spark, 
But  nobody  com  in'  to  me. 

The  musical  notation  adds  greatly  to  the  attraction 
•of  a  volume  which  many  of  our  readers  will  find 
wholly  to  their  mind. 

Aucassin   and   Nicolete.     Done   into    English    by 

Andrew  Lang.     (Nutt.) 

THE  first  edition  of  Mr.  Lang's  version  of  '  Aucassin 
and  Nicolete '  was  issued  in  a  luxurious  shape  and 
in  a  strictly  limited  edition,  which  went  forthwith 
out  of  print.  Of  various  translations  issued  near  the 
-same  period  this  was  at  once  the  best  and  the  most 
popular.  In  addition  to  its  merits  as  a  rendering 
-of  this  unique  cante-fable — we  take  the  word  from 
Mr.  Lang — it  is  valuable  for  its  introduction  and 
.notes,  which  embody  all  that  is  known  concerning 
a  twelfth-century  work  of  highest  interest — more, 
indeed,  than  is  told  by  Lacurne  de  Sainte-Palaye 
or  M6on.  The  edition  of  Bida  we  have  not  seen. 
We  have  not  to  introduce  to  our  readers  this 
•exquisite  love  story,  nor  even  Mr.  Lang's  masterly 
version,  preserving  all  the  charm  of  the  original. 
A  new  edition  has  long  been  demanded,  and  is  now 
issued.  Mr.  Nutt  disclaims  all  intention  to  compete 
with  the  earlier  edition.  In  its  morocco  "jacket," 
with  its  beautiful  type  and  its  illustrated  and 
rubricated  title-page,  the  book  is,  however,  itself  an 
•ouvrage  de  luxe.  It  is  also  a  delightful  possession. 

A  List  of  Emigrant  Ministers  to  America,  1690-1811. 

By  Gerald  Fothergill.  (Stock.) 
THIS  will  be  found  a  useful  book  by  American 
genealogists  who  wish  to  trace  pedigrees  back  to 
their  forefathers  in  the  old  country.  (Several  of  the 
•ancestors  of  noteworthy  American  citizens  figure 
therein.  For  example,  Aaron  Cleveland,  who 
figures  in  this  list  in  1755,  was  the  direct  ancestor 
of  President  G  rover  Cleveland.  It  appears  that 
King  William  III.  directed  Henry  Compton,  Bishop 
of  London,  to  apply  to  the  Treasury  for  201.  each,  to 
defray  the  expenses  of  their  passage  for  such  clergy- 
men as  were  willing  to  go  to  the  colonies  with 
ministerial  intent,  and  that  at  first  these  sums  were 
readily  handed  over ;  but  as  time  went  on  difficulties 
-arose  and  many  of  these  volunteers  were  subjected 
to  great  inconvenience,  the  excuse  offered  by  the 
Lords  of  the  Treasury  being  that  several  of  those 
to  whom  the  bounty  had  been  handed  over  did  not 
proceed  on  their  mission. 

Mr.  Fothergill  has  collected  his  information  from 
several  classes  of  documents  now  preserved  in  the 
Public  Record  Office.  The  fact  that  these  warrants 
•continued  to  be  issued  for  so  long  a  period  indicates 
•that  the  payments  must  have  been  a  legal  charge, 


but  we  fail  to  understand  from  what  portion  of  the 
revenue  they  were  derived. 

It  appears  from  the  Reports  of  the  Society  for 
the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel  that  many  of  these 
persons  were  natives  of  the  colonies  who  had  come 
over  to  receive  ordination.  Schoolmasters,  as  well 
as  clergymen,  were  sometimes  sent  out,  and  the 
author  thinks  that  they  also  were  in  holy  orders. 
We  confess  to  having  some  doubt  of  this,  except  in 
the  cases  where  proof  can  be  furnished. 

The  list  is  arranged  alphabetically.  It  includes 
more  than  twelve  hundred  names,  most  of  them 
English  or  Scotch,  but  there  are  a  few  Frenchmen 
and  Germans  among  them. 

The  Fight  at  Donibristle,  1316  :  a  Ballad.    Edited 

by  John  Smith.  (Glasgow,  MacLehose  &  Sons.) 
THIS  is  a  rendering  in  ballad  form  of  an  incident 
narrated  by  Bower  in  his  continuation  of  Fordun. 
It  is  sufficiently  spirited,  but  is  indubitably 
modern.  No  serious  attempt  is,  indeed,  made  to 
deceive. 


a  ta 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices  :  — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 
put  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
heading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "  Duplicate." 

QUELQU'UN  ("  Books  on  the  Flagellants").  —  *  His- 
toria  Flagellantium  :  sive  de  Perverse  Flagellorum 
Usu  apud  Christianos,'  Paris,  1700,  by  Jacques 
Boileau,  of  whom  his  celebrated  brother  Nicolas 
Boileau  said  that  if  he  had  not  been  a  Doctor  of  the 
Sorbonne  he  would  have  been  a  Doctor  of  Italian 
Comedy. 

R.  RICKARDS  ("  Child  Commissions  in  the 
Army").—  A  much  more  remarkable  example  than 
that  you  furnish  is  to  be  seen  at  9th  S.  vii.  251, 
where  an  instance  is  supplied  of  a  commission 
granted  to  an  infant  of  eighteen  months.  See  also 
8th  S.  viii.  421,  498  ;  ix.  70,  198,  355,  450. 

FRANK  PENNY  ("Hollantyde").—  The  'N.E.D.' 
explains  this  as  short  for  Allhallowtide.  See  the 
illustrative  quotations. 

MOT/CE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries  '"—Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Pub- 
lisher "  —  at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  E.G. 

We  beg  leave  to  state  that  we  decline  to  return 
communications  which,  for  any  reason,  we  do  not 
print  ;  and  to  this  rule  we  can  make  no  exception. 


io*  s.  ii.  NOV.  19,  low.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

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io--s.il.  NOV.  M.  1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


421 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  S6, 


CONTENTS.-No.  48. 

NOTES  :— Sir  Gilbert  Pickering.  121— Algonquin  Element 
in  English,  422  — Emerson  and  Lowell:  Inedited  Verse, 
123— "Astronomer,"  424—  Bishop  Henry  Parry— Russian 
Baltic  Fleet  Blunder  — Houses  of  Historical  Interest— 
'  Hardyknute,'  425. 

QUERIES:— Seventeenth -Century  Phrases,  425  — Galileo 
Portrait— "Mali"— William  Gower— Ropemaker's  Alley, 
Little  Moorfields  —  "  Character  is  fate  "  —  "  Convinced 
against  her  will  "—Berwick  :  Steps  of  Grace— Battle  of 
Spurs,  426—'  Steer  to  the  Nor'-Nor'-West '— "  And  morning 
firings  its  daylight  "—Three  Volumes  w.  One  Volume— 
"Giving  his  supper  to  the  Devil "  —  Wesley  Family- 
William  Robertson  —  Duchess  of  Gordon— Philip  d'Au- 
vergne  —  Genealogy  in  Dumas— Pinkett  — Rev.  William 
Hill— Con-  Contraction,  427— Oxford  Almanac  Designers 
—Dog-bite  Cure— "  L.S."— "  Tell  me,  my  Cicely,  why  so 
coy,'P428. 

REPLIES  :— Shakespeare's  Wife,  428— The  Pelican  Myth, 
429  —  Michaelmas  Custom  —  The  Mussuk  —  Heacham 
Parish  Officers,  431— Theatre-Building— Martyrdom  of  St. 
Thomas  :  St.  Thomas  of  Hereford.  432—"  Vine  "  Inn,  High- 
gate— Lisk,  433— Semi-effigies— "Come,  live  with  me"— 
"  Grant  me,  indulgent  Heaven,"  434— Hermit's  Crucifix- 
Suppression  of  Duelling  in  England,  435— Hazel  or  Hessle 
Pears,  436 -Book  of  Legal  Precedents— '  Prayer  for  In- 
difference '  —  Governor  Stephenson  of  Bengal  —  Manor 
Court  of  Edwinstowe,  Notts,  437. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— '  Three  Generations  of  Fascinating 
Women'— 'The  Life  and  Opinions  of  John  Buncle '— 
Wieland's  '  Adventures  of  Don  Sylvio  '—Evelyn's  •  Life  of 
Margaret  Godolphin  '— '  Irish-English  Dictionary.' 

Booksellers'  Catalogues. 

Notices  to  Correspondent*. 


goto. 

SIR  GILBERT  PICKERING,  BART.: 

BERNARD   AND   RUDKIN  FAMILIES. 
(See  2nd  S.  i.  101 ;  4th  S.  vi.  47.) 

THE  statements  in  the  notes  above  referred 
to  as  to  the  name  and  parentage  of  the  wife 
of  Sir  Gilbert  Pickering,  the  fifth  baronet, 
and  as  to  the  connexions  between  the 
Pickering,  Bernard,  and  Rudkin  families 
contain  some  serious  errors,  which  it  is 
desirable  to  correct. 

In  the  note  at  2nd  S.  i.  101  it  is  stated  that 
Sir  Gilbert  married  Anne,  daughter  of  Franks 
Bernard,  of  Castletown,  King's  County,  by 
whom  he  had  two  sons  and  seven  daughters  ; 
and  in  the  contribution  at  4th  S.  vi.  47, 
Doming  from  the  pen  of  Y.  S.  M.  (the  final 
letters  of  the  name  of  an  experienced 
genealogist  now  deceased),  Anne  Bernard 
above  mentioned  (described  as  the  third 
daughter  of  Franks  Bernard)  is  represented 
as  having  married  Sir  Edward  Pickering, 
Bart.,  while  their  daughter  Mary  is  stated  to 
have  married  "her  cousin  german,  Henry 
Kudkin,  Esq.,  of  Wells,  co.  Carlow  (son  of 
Henry  Rudkin  and  Deborah,  fourth  daughter 
of  Franks  Bernard)." 

Manuscript  pedigrees  of  the  Pickering 
and  Rudkin  families,  compiled  by  the  late 


Mr.  Atkins  Davis,  now  in  Ulster's  Office, 
Dublin,  also  give  Anne,  daughter  of  Franks 
Bernard,  as  the  wife  of  Sir  Gilbert  Pickering, 
Bart.,  and  her  sister  Deborah  as  the  wife  of 
Henry  Rudkin  of  Wells  (afterwards  referred 
to  as  Henry  R^udkin  the  elder);  and  this 
Henry  Rudkin  is  described  as  the  father  of 
Henry  Rudkin  the  younger,  who  married 
Mary,  a  daughter  of  Sir  Gilbert  Pickering. 

In  the  early  editions  of  Burke's  *  Landed 
Gentry '  also,  in  the  pedigree  of  Bernard  of 
Castle  Bernard,  the  same  statements  are 
made  as  to  the  marriages  of  Anne  and 
Deborah,  daughters  of  Franks  Bernard. 

Sir  Gilbert  appears  to  have  been  a  some- 
what distant  cousin  of  Sir  Edward  Picker- 
ing, the  fourth  baronet ;  none  of  the 
family  estates  came  to  him  :  and  there  is 
a  good  deal  of  obscurity  about  the  events 
of  his  life.  When  G.  E.  C.  came  to  deal 
with  him  in  vol.  ii.  of  4The  Complete 
Baronetage,'  he  had  not  any  more  reliable 
information  as  to  the  name  and  parentage 
of  his  wife  than  that  contained  in  Mr.  Atkins 
Davis's  MS.  pedigree  of  the  Pickering  family. 
Hence  he  has  represented  the  wife  of  Sir 
Gilbert  Pickering,  the  fifth  baronet,  as  Anne, 
daughter  of  Franks  Bernard  :  and  in  a  note, 
citing  Y.  S.  M.'s  note  at  4th  S.  vi.  47,  he  has 
given  further  currency  to  the  statement  that 
Henry  Rudkin  the  elder  married  Deborah, 
a  sister  of  this  Anne  Bernard. 

But  (1)  Henry  Rudkin  the  elder  did  not 
marry  Deborah,  daughter  of  Franks  Bernard, 
but  married  Elizabeth,  a  sister  of  Franks 
Bernard  and  a  daughter  of  Thomas  Bernard, 
of  Oldtown,  co.  Carlow ;  (2)  the  wife  of  Sir 
Gilbert  Pickering,  the  fifth  baronet,  and  the 
mother  of  his  children,  was  Mary  Rudkin,  a 
daughter  of  Henry  Rudkin  the  elder  by  his 
wife  Elizabeth  Bernard  ;  and  (3)  Henry 
Rudkin  the  younger,  who  married  Mary, 
daughter  of  Sir  Gilbert  Pickering,  was  not 
a  son,  but  a  grandson,  of  Henry  Kudkin  the 
elder,  being  the  only  son  of  Bernard  Rudkin, 
the  eldest  son  of  Henry  Rudkin  the  elder. 

The  information  necessary  for  these  correc- 
tions, or  for  the  greater  portion  of  them,  is 
to  be  found  in  the  pleadings  in  a  suit  in  the 
Court  of  Chancery  in  Ireland,  instituted  in 
1760  for  the  purpose  of  administering  the 
assets  of  Henry  Rudkin  the  elder.  The  bill 
was  filed  on  17  December,  1760,  by  Anne 
Rudkin  and  William  Rudkin,  two  of  the 
children  of  Henry  Rudkin  the  elder  ;  and 
the  defendants  included,  amongst  others,  Sir 
Gilbert  Pickering,  Bart,  and  Mary  his  wife, 
a  daughter  of  Henry  Rudkin  the  elder,  and 
Sarah  Rudkin.  the  widow  (and  one  of  the 
executors)  of  Bernard  Rudkin,  the  eldest  son 


422 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [10*  s.  n.  NOV.  25,  im. 


of  Henry  Rudkin  the  elder.  The  answer  o 
Sarah  Rudkin,  filed  on  15  April,  1761,  ii 
particularly  valuable  in  supplementing  some 
of  the  statements  in  the  bill.  Henry  Rudkin 
the  elder  was  married  in  1712  to  Elizabeth 
eldest  daughter  of  Thomas  Bernard,  of  Old 
town,  co.  Carlow,  and  in  contemplation  o 
the  marriage,  articles  of  agreement  by  way 
of  settlement  were  entered  into  on  27  October 
1712.  The  provisions  of  this  settlement  are 
fully  set  out  in  the  answer  of  Sarah  Rudkin 
and  will  also  be  found  in  the  memorial  regis 
tered  in  the  Registry  of  Deeds  Office.  Henry 
Rudkin  the  elder  died  on  6  April,  1738,  and 
was  survived  by  his  wife  Elizabeth  Rudkin, 
nee  Bernard,  who  afterwards  married  Mr. 
William  Doyle,  and  died  in  1755.  At  the 
date  of  the  death  of  Henry  Rudkin  the  elder, 
seven  children  of  his  marriage  with  Elizabeth 
Bernard  were  living,  and  these  included 
Mary,  then  the  wife  of  Mr.  Gilbert  Pickering, 
afterwards  Sir  Gilbert  Pickering,  and  Bernard 
Rudkin,  his  eldest  son. 

Bernard  Rudkin  died  20  April,  1760,  having 
duly  made  his  will  on  8  March,  1760,  and  a 
codicil  dated  17  April,  1760,  proved  10  May, 
1760.  His  only  son,  Henry  Rudkin  the 
younger,  was  born  in  1750,  and  on  19  August, 
1773,  he  married  his  first  cousin,  Mary, 
daughter  of  Sir  Gilbert  Pickering,  Bart. 

On  the  death  of  Sir  Gilbert  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  his  eldest  son  Sir  Edward,  the 
sixth  baronet,  who  married  Elizabeth  Glas- 
cott,  of  New  Ross,  co.  Wexford,  on  26  July, 
1770,  but  died  without  issue  in  April,  1803. 
Townshend  Edward  Pickering,  the  only 
brother  of  Sir  Edward,  would  have  succeeded 
to  the  baronetcy,  if  living.  He  had  married 
in  1777  Martha,  daughter  of  Kennedy 
Cavenagh,  of  New  Ross,  who  died  without 
issue  in  October,  1781 ;  and  he  is  believed  to 
have  gone  afterwards  to  America,  but  what 
became  of  him  has  not  been  ascertained. 
His  sister  Mary,  wife  of  Henry  Rudkin  the 
younger,  by  her  will  dated  November,  1791, 
left  him  contingently  a  sum  of  150Z.  "if  he 
can  be  found  ";  and  if  he  could  not  be  found, 
it  was  to  go  to  her  niece  Gifford's  children. 

The  baronetcy  has  remained  dormant  since 
the  death  of  Sir  Edward  Pickering,  the  sixth 
baronet,  owing,  it  is  supposed,  to  the  diffi- 
culty of  tracing  Townshend  Edward  Picker- 
ing, or  proving  that  he  died  without  male 
issue.  EDMUND  T.  BEWLEY. 

40,  Fitzwilliam  Place,  Dublin. 


ALGONQUIN    ELEMENT   IN   ENGLISH. 

IF  we  leave  out  of  account  the  Mexican, 
practically  all  the  numerous  North  American 
loan-words  in  English  are  of  Algonquin 


origin.  Unfortunately  the  term  Algonquin 
is  used  in  two  senses,  which  has  been  a 
source  of  much  confusion  in  our  dictionaries. 
The  early  French  settlers  in  Canada  restricted 
it  to  the  dialect  which  we  now  call  Odjibway,. 
of  which  a  very  good  idea  may  be  formed 
by  reading  the  glossary  to  Longfellow's- 
'Hiawatha.'  For  a  more  extended  vocabu- 
lary see  the  so-called  'Algonquin  Dictionary,' 
by  J.  A.  Cuoq  (Montreal,  1886),  which  is  so- 
frequently  quoted  by  Prof.  Skeat,  both  in 
his  'Principles  of  English  Etymology'  and 
'  Notes  on  English  Etymology,'  apparently 
without  his  suspecting  that  the  language 
with  which  it  deals  is  Odjibway.  In  more 
modern  times  Algonquin  is  conveniently 
applied  to  the  whole  family  of  cognate 
tongues,  of  which  Cuoq's  Algonquin  was 
only  one  member.  By  way  of  analogy,  I 
may  cite  the  double  meaning  of  Gaelic,  which 
sometimes  refers  only  to  the  Irish,  and 
sometimes  includes  the  Scottish  and  Manx. 
Algonquin  in  the  larger  sense  may  be- 
roughly  mapped  out  into  Southern,  Eastern, 
and  Northern  Algonquin.  There  are  also 
Western  Algonquin  dialects,  but  they  have 
not  yielded  any  well  -  known  English  word. 
The  Southern  are  the  Virginian  dialects, 
the  Eastern  are  those  of  New  England,  and 
the  Northern  include  the  Odjibway  (Cuoq'& 
Algonquin)  and  the  Cree. 

I  propose  to  indicate  a  few  of  our  borrow- 
ings from  each .  I  do  this  because  in  existing 
dictionaries  the  mere  statement  that  a  word 
is  Algonquin  has  generally  been  considered 
enough,  the  term  being  sometimes  used  in  its- 
broadest,  and  sometimes  in  its  narrowest 
sense,  and  little  or  no  attempt  made  to  ascer- 
tain to  which  group  any  word  belongs  by 
loting  the  time  and  place  when  it  acquired' 
English  citizenship.  The  Southern  and 
Eastern  Algonquin  elements  in  English  are- 
nearly  contemporaneous.  The  Northern  is 
of  much  later  date,  as  we  did  not  come  into 
contact  with  it  until  after  our  acquisition  of 
Janada.  Hence,  as  I  have  pointed  out  before 
9th  S.  xii.  504),  when  the  'Century3  and 
>ther  dictionaries  derive  an  old  word  like 
noose  from  Cree  and  Odjibway,  it  is  as  absurd 
as  it  would  be  to  derive  kitchen  from  French 
uisine. 

To  the  Virginian  or  Southern  Algonquin 
tratum  in  our  language  belong  such  well- 
cnown  words  as  caucus,  cockarouse,  moccasin,, 
vanoke,  tomahawk,  and  w eroivance ;  the  zoo- 
ogical  names  opossum  and  racoon  ;  and  some 
)ptanical  names,  lockatance,  maycock,  per- 
immon,  puckoon,  tuckahoe. 

The   Eastern   Algonquin  in  several  cases- 
resents    synonyms    of   the   above.      Thus., 


io"  s.  ii.  NOV.  26, 1904.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


423 


while  roanoke  was  the  Virginian  name  for 
white  shell- money,  the  New  Englanders 
called  it  pear/  and  waminim.  The  black  beads 
were  called  in  New  England  mmvhakees  and 
suckan/iock.  The  Virginians  called  their  kings 
weroivances,  but  the  Eastern  Algon quins 
called  them  sachems  and  sagamores,  the 
former  being  the  Narragansett,  the  latter 
the  Penobscot  equivalent  ;  although  some 
authors  (e.g.,  Lechford,  in  his  *  Plain  Dealer,' 
1642)  discriminate  between  them,  making 
>•  it-hem  a  superior  and  sagamore  an  inferior 
chief.  Among  other  Eastern  Algonquin 
terms  in  English  are  Eskimo,  hominy*  manito, 
nocake,  papoose,  poivoiv,  samp,  squash,  squaw, 
succotash,  wigwam.  Zoological  terms  from 
this  source  are  moose,  musquash*  pekan,  skunk, 
wampoose,  and  many  kinds  of  fish,  menhaden, 
mummychog,  pauJiagen,  pooquaiv,  quaJiaug, 
scup,  squeteague,  tautaug,  terrapin,  togue, 
tomcod,  touladi. 

The  Northern  Algonquin  element,  as  already 
stated,  is  of  a  modern  cast.  Current  works 
on  Canada  abound  with  terms  such  as 
metasses,  mocock,  muskamoot,  muskeg,  nitchies, 
pemmican,  sagamity*  totem,  watap.  Zoological 
terms  are  carcajou,  chipmuck,  musquaw,  quick- 
hatch,  wapacut,  wapiti,  ivaivaskeesh,whiskyjohn, 
woodchuck  ;  and  kinds  of  fish,  such  as  maski- 
nonge,  namaycush,  siscowet,  tiitymeg*  tullibee. 
Botanical  terms  are  kinnikinik,  sackagoming, 
both  used  as  substitutes  for  tobacco,  or  for 
mixing  with  it.  De  Peyster,  in  his  *  Miscel- 
lanies,' 1888,  p.  9,  makes  humorous  reference 
to  the  poor  man 

Who  can't  afford  to  light  a  pipe 

Until  the  sackagoming 's  ripe. 

JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 


EMERSON    AND    LOWELL:    INEDITED 

VERSK. 

ALTHOUGH  we  naturally  think  of  Emerson 
as  a  moralist  rather  than  as  a  poet,  there  is  a 
fine  haunting  ring  about  many  of  his  verses 
and  the  quality  is  so  high  that  every  frag- 
ment is  worth  preserving.  I  have  recently 
found  some  of  nis  poetry  in  a  publication 
little  known  in  the  United  States,  and  still 
less  known  in  this  country.  Another  volume 
of  the  same  work  contains  a  narrative  poem 
by  James  Russell  Lowell  which  does  not 
appear  in  his  collected  works.  Some  notice 
of  these  finds  may  be  of  interest. 

The  *  Liberty  Bell '  was  an  annual  founded 
by  Mrs.  Maria  Weston  Chapman,  which  was 
produced  for  sale  at  a  reunion  of  the  Aboli- 
tionists. The  "Anti-Slavery  Fair"  was  the 
official  title  of  what  would  now  be  called  a 
yearly  bazaar,  held  at  the  time  of  the  annual 


meeting  of  the  band  of  "  fanatics "  whose- 
advice,  had  it  been  taken,  would  have  saved 
America  from  the  horrors  of  the  Civil  War.. 
The  *  Liberty  Bell '  was  edited  by  Edmund 
^uincy  during  a  portion,  if  not  the  whole,  of 
its  existence.  It  began  in  1839,  and  con- 
tinued until  1853  or  later.  I  do  not  know  of 
any  English  library  possessing  a  set,  although 
the  British  Museum  has  a  few  volumes.  The 

*  Liberty  Bejl '  was  probably  modelled  on  the 
annuals — *  Keepsakes,'  '  Forget-me-nots,'  and 
the  like — which  at  that  time  were  produced 
in  almost  alarming  profusion  in  this  country. 
It,  however,  did  not  depend  upon  pictures, 
which  formed   the  prime  attraction  of  the 
English  bijou  books. 

Whilst  the  '  Liberty  Bell '  was  a  distinctly, 
anti-slavery  book,  the  contributors  were  by 
no  means  confined  to  that  single  theme. 
With  rare  exceptions  the  American  *' intel- 
lectuals "  were  abolitionists ;  Emerson,  Long- 
fellow, Lowell,  Whittier,  all  bore  their  testi- 
mony against  slavery.  Two  volumes  of  the 

*  Liberty  Bell '   are  before  me.     In  that  for 
1851  is  Lowell's  'Yusaouf,'  and  in  that  for 
1849  appears  the  *  Burial  of  Theobald,'  which 
I  have  failed  to  find  in  his  collected  works. 
It  is  a  narrative  poem,  describing  the  burial 
of  a  monk  of  saintly  reputation.'  When  the 
dirge  had  been  sung  the  corpse  suddenly, 
raised  itself : — 

"Jtmtojwlicio,"  thus  groaned  he, 

"  Dei  damnat-its  sum," 
And  then  sank  backward  silently 

To  be  forever  dumb. 

He  lived  a  lone  and  prayerful  life  : — 
Penance  was  his  and  gnawing  fast, 
Much  wrestling  with  an  inward  strife^ 
To  win  the  crown  at  last ; 
Full  oft  his  rebel  flesh  had  known 
Sharp  scourge-sores  festering  to  the  bone. 

No  sound  of  earth  could  pierce  his  cell, 

He  sought  not  fame  or  pelf, 

Below  he  saw  the  fires  of  hell, 

And  prayed  and  scourged  and  fasted  well 

Therefrom  to  save  himself ; 

His  heart  he  starved  and  mortified  ; 

Love  knocked  and  turned  away  denied. 

Such  graces  rare,  and  such  an  end 
God  grant  us  all  our  lives  to  mend ! 
Was  not  a  monk  among  the  whole 
Could  read  this  riddle  lor  his  soul ; 
Some  hinted  at  a  secret  crime, 
A  vow  unpaid,  a  penance  broke, 
But  clearer  views  and  more  sublime 
Prevailed,  and  all  agreed  in  time, 
'Twas  Satan,  not  their  saint,  that  spoke. 

If  this  does  not  reach  Lowell's  highest 
level  it  is  still  very  characteristic,  especially 
in  the  humorous  touch  with  which  he  ends 
an  effective  moralizing.  Sir  John  Bowring, 
Mrs.  Hornblower  (Roscoe's  daughter),  Miss 


424 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  11.  NOV.  20,  iw*. 


Jane  Arnold  (afterwards  Mrs.  W.  E.  Forster), 
Lady  Byron,  and  Miss  Harriet  Martineau 
sent  contributions  to  this  volume. 

Emerson's  verses  are  in  the  'Liberty  Bell' 
for  1851.  There  are  four  translations  from 
Hafiz.  In  the  first,  entitled  '  The  Phoenix,' 
that  fabulous  bird  is  taken  as  the  symbol  of 
the  soul.  The  next  is  on  'Faith.'  Then 
follows  one  on  *  The  Poet '  :— 

Hoard  knowledge  in  thy  coffers, 
The  lightest  load  to  bear  ; 
Ingots  of  gold,  and  diamonds, 
Let  others  drag  with  care. 
The  devil's  snares  are  strong, 
Yet  have  I  God  in  need  ; 
And  if  I  had  not  God  to  friend, 
What  can  the  devil  speed  ? 

Courage  !  Hafiz,  though  not  thine 

Gold  wedge  and  silver  ore, 

More  worth  to  thee  the  gift  of  song, 

And  the  clear  insight  more. 

I  truly  have  no  treasure, 

Yet  have  I  rich  content : 

The  first  from  Allah  to  the  Shah, 

The  last  to  Hafiz  went. 

The  serene  and  proud  contentment  of  the 
last  verse  finds  further  expression  in  the 
•quatrain  addressed  *  To  Himself '  :— 

Hafiz,  speak  not  of  thy  need, 

Are  not  these  verses  thine  ? 
Then,  all  the  poets  are  agreed, 

Thou  canst  at  nought  repine. 

Later  in  the  volume  occurs  'Word  and 
Deed,'  a  translation  from  Nizaini  :— 

Whilst  roses  bloomed  along  the  plain, 

The  Nightingale  to  the  Falcon  said, 

"  Why  of  all  birds  must  thou  be  dumb? 

With  closed  mouth  thou  utterest, 

Though  dying,  no  last  word  to  man  : 

Yet  sit'st  thou  on  the  hand  of  caliphs, 

And  feedest  on  the  grouse's  breast ; 

Whilst  I,  who  hundred  thousand  jewels 

Squander  in  a  single  tone, 

Lo  !  I  feed  myself  with  worms, 

And  my  dwelling  is  a  thorn." 

The  Falcon  answered,  "  Be  all  ear : 

Thou  seest  I  'm  dumb ;  be  thou,  too,  dumb. 

I  experienced  in  affairs, 

See  fifty  things,  say  never  one. 

But  thee  the  people  prizes  not, 

Who,  doing  nothing,  say  a  hundred  ; 

To  me,  appointed  to  the  chase, 

The  king's  hand  gives  the  grouse's  breast, 

Whilst  a  chatterer  like  thee 

Must  gnaw  worms  in  the  thorns.    Farewell  ! " 

This  is  certainly  a  fine  poetical  illustration 
of  the  importance  of  the  point  of  view. 

WILLIAM  E.  A.  AXON. 
Manchester. 

"  ASTRONOMER."— Froissart  informs  us  that 
in  the  year  1339  (the  year  preceding  that  of 
the  battle  of  Sluys)  the  French  and  English 


I  armies  were  facing  each  other,  but  though 
King  Philippe's  was  considerably  larger  than 
that  of  Edward,  the  former  refused  battle, 
because  King  Robert  of  Sicily,  who  was  a 
great  astronomer,  had  warned  him  that  if  he 
then  engaged  the  King  of  England,  he  would 
be  defeated.  It  may  be  as  well  to  point  out 
that  the  Sicily  over  which  this  great  student 
of  the  heavens  reigned  was  not  the  island, 
but  the  mainland  portion  of  what  had  been 
the  two  Sicilies,  subsequently  called  the 
kingdom  of  Naples.  This  Robert  was  of  the 
house  of  Anjou  ;  the  insular  Sicily  was  then 
ruled  by  Peter  of  the  house  of  Aragon. 

Astronomical  or  astrological  predictions, 
however,  are  of  little  interest  in  these 
days.  My  principal  concern  now  is  with 
the  development  of  the  word  astronomer. 
In  Froissart  the  word  here  used  is  astro- 
nomien,  and  this  (sometimes  in  the  form 
astronomyen,  occasionally  shortened  into 
astromyen)  preceded  in  English,  Dr.  Murray 
tells  us,  the  modern  astronomer,  as  it  did  in 
French  the  word  astronome.  Thus  Gower,  in 
1393,  writes,  "  Which  was  an  astronomien, 
and  eke  a  great  magicien."  But  there  seems 
to  have  been  another  transition  form.  In 
the  translation  of  Froissart  by  John  Bour- 
chier,  Lord  Berners  (which  appeared  in  1523), 
we  find  in  the  above  passage  astronomyer,  a 
form  also  used  by  Maundeville  (or  Mande- 
ville)  in  1366,  and  Caxton  in  1480.  The 
former  has  "In  that  Contree  ben  the  gode 
Astronomyeres."  But  Dr.  Murray  gives  no 
later  specimen  of  its  use ;  and  so  early  as 
1530  John  Palsgrave,  in  his  '  Lesclarcisse- 
ment  de  la  Langue  Francoyse'  (a  sort  of 
dictionary  to  teach  French  to  the  English), 
uses  the  modern  form  astronomer. 

Perhaps,  whilst  on  this  subject,  I  may  just 
allude  to  an  abortive  attempt  to  coin  a 
feminine  form  of  the  word,  which  Dr.  Murray 
either  overlooked  or  did  not  think  it  worth 
while  to  mention.  Sir  John  Herschel  ('Out- 
lines,' §  597,  at  p.  405  of  the  tenth  edition), 
alluding  to  the  discovery  of  the  sixth  comet 
of  1847  by  Miss  Mitchell  and  Madame 
Riimker,  speaks  of  the  priority  having  been 
with  "the  American  astronomess."  This 
word  is  certainly  an  ugly  one,  and  did  not 
take.  No  substitute  was  proposed,  nor  was 
one  thought  necessary.  The  word  authoress 
is  almost  obsolete,  and  though  governess 
remains,  it  has,  I  believe,  never  been  used 
except  in  the  technical  sense  of  a  female 
teacher.  A  peculiar  feminine  form  of  a 
word  is  songstress,  which  was  first  used  by 
Thomson  in  the  *  Seasons '  ('  Summer,'  746) 
as  applied  to  the  nightingale,  in  which  the 
needless  ess  is  added  to  the  old  form  songster, 


.  ii.  NOV.  26, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


425 


itself  feminine,  as  Prof.  Skeat  points  out  in 
his  '  Etymological  Dictionary.' 

W.  T.  LYNN. 

[Compare  rhauntress,  applied  to  the  same  bird  by 
Milton,  'IlPenseroso,'  63.] 

HENRY  PARRY,  BISHOP  OP  WORCESTER. — 
The  'D.N.B.,'  xliii.  375,  following  Browne 
Willis,  says  "  he  was  never  married."  But  he 
had  three  sons,  Henry,  Richard,  and  George, 
LL.D..  of  Exeter,  and  one  daughter,  Pascna 
('  N.  &  Q.,'  1st  S.  xii.  365).  This  daughter 
Pascha  (i.e.,  probably  faster)  is  noticed  in 
Lincolnshire  Notes  and  Queries,  iv.  110-11, 157-8. 
Moreover,  in  1631  the  wife  of  Sir  Robert 
Willoughby— she  being  then  a  lady  of  honour 
to  the  queen— brought  a  charge  of  cruelty 
against  her  husband  in  the  High  Commission 
Court.  She  said  "  she  was  daughter  of  the 
late  Bishop  of  Worcester,"  which  statement 
gained  her  the  sympathy  of  Laud  ('Star- 
Chamber  Cases,'  Camd.  Soc.,  p.  187).  The 
"late  bishop J>  could  have  been  none  other 
than  Parry,  who  held  the  see  from  1610  to 
his  death  in  1616,  and  was  succeeded  by  John 
Thornborough,  who  died  in  1641.  W.  C.  B. 

RUSSIAN  BALTIC  FLEET  BLUNDER.  —  On 
26  October  were  interred  the  remains  of  the 
victims  of  the  Russian  Baltic  Fleet  blunder. 
It  was  an  impressive  and  historical  scene. 
The  Mayor  of  Hull  and  other  leading  citizens 
joined  in  the  funeral  procession,  which  was 
the  largest  ever  seen  in  Hull.  It  was  wit- 
nessed by  thousands  of  sorrowing  spectators. 
Everything  was  calm,  orderly,  and  reverent, 
and  did  credit  to  the  city  and  to  the  nation. 
A  feature  of  the  day  was  the  large  number 
of  funeral  cards  sold  by  hawkers  along  the 
route  as  mementoes  of  the  occasion.  It  will 
not  be  without  interest  to  reproduce  the 
inscription  on  one  of  the  cards  : — 

To  the  Memory  of 

The  Hull  Fishermen, 

(ieorge  H.  Smith  &  John  Leggott, 

who  lost  their  Lives  through  the 

Russian  Baltic  Fleet  Blunder, 

on  the  Dogger  Bank,  on 

October  21st,  1904. 

I  think  it  is  worth  while  to  give  a  permanent 
place  to  the  inscription  in  4N.  &  Q.' 

WILLIAM  ANDREWS. 
Hull  Royal  Institution. 

HOUSES  OF  HISTORICAL  INTEREST.— In  the 
City  Press  of  Wednesday,  26  October,  there 
is  a  report  of  the  meeting  of  the  London 
County  Council  on  the  previous  day,  when 
it  was  resolved  to  place  a  tablet  on  23,  Suffolk 
Street,  S.W.,  to  commemorate  the  residence 
there  of  Richard  Cobden.  It  was  further 
reported  that  "  the  Duke  of  Bedford,  while 


refusing  to  allow  the  Council  to  place  tablets 
on  houses  on  his  estate,  had  himself  affixed 
tablets  to  the  following  houses :  65,  Russell 
Square  (Sir  Thomas  Lawrence),  11,  Bedford 
Street  (Henry  Cavendish),  6,  Bloomsbury 
Square  (Isaac  Disraeli),  28  and  29,  Blooms- 
3ury  Square  (Earl  of  Mansfield),  43,  King 
Street,  Coven t  Garden  (Admiral  the  Earl  of 
Orford),  and  27,  Southampton  Street,  Covent 
Garden  (David  Garrick)."  The  last  is  the 
only  one  I  have  seen,  and  it  can  be  put  upon 
record  that  it  is  thoroughly  artistic,  in  good 
;aste,  and  admirably  meets  the  requirement 
of  the  case.  W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY. 

1  HARDYKNUTE.'— The  closing  item  of  Allan 
Ramsay's  important  anthology  'The  Ever- 
green '  is  entitled  *  Hardyknute,  a  Fragment/ 
The  position  thus  given  the  ballad  groups 
it  with  many  masterpieces,  all  of  which,  the 
editor  announces  on  his  title-page,  were 
"wrote  by  the  ingenious  before  1600."  It 
has  long  been  agreed  among  experts  that 
'Hardyknute'  is  modern,  and  that  Ramsay 
knew  this  when,  for  reasons  best  known  tx> 
himself,  he  included  it  in  his  collection.  In 
his  '  Life  of  Allan  Ramsay '  George  Chalmers- 
puts  a  strong  case  for  assigning  the  ballad 
to  Lady  Wardlaw  of  Pitreavie,  but  all  along 
there  have  been  advocates  for  the  authorship 
of  Sir  John  Bruce  of  Kinross.  In  'English 
Literature  :  an  Illustrated  Record '  (iii.  267), 
Mr.  Edmund  Gosse  reaches  some  definite 
conclusions  on  the  subject.  "  Ramsay,"  he 
says,  ''completed  that  celebrated  poetical 

hoax the    ballad  of   Hardy   Knute  |>'c], 

which  had  been  begun  by  Elizabeth,  Lady 
Wardlaw  (1677-1727)."    In  reference  to  this 
it  has  to  be  noted  that  the  ballad  is  avow- 
edly   **  a  fragment "  and   was   never    com- 
S'eted,  that  the  hero  of  the  story  is  Lord 
ardyknute,  and  that  there  is  only  tradi- 
tional evidence  for  Lady  Wardlaw's  author- 
ship. THOMAS  BAYNE. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct.  

SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY  PHRASES.— In  the 
journal  of  Sir  Humphrey  Mildmay,  of  Dan- 
bury,  Essex,  running  from  1633  to  1652,  there- 
are  a  few  entries  for  which  I  cannot  find  an 
explanation  in  the  dictionaries  or  books  of 
reference  I  have  consulted,  and  I  should  bo 
extremely  obliged  if  some  reader  of  *  N.  &  Q.' 
would  interpret  them  :— 


426 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [10th  s.  11.  NOV.  26,  im. 


"  To  Church  againe,  and  after  supper  to  the 
Spaniards  discipline  and  to  bedd." 

"Morrison  putt  upon  me  a  new  suit  of  parra- 
gen." 

"  Measured  the  pale." 

"Capt.  Marcie  to  me,  and  was  despatched  by  the 
defaulte  of  his  compliment." 

"To  Putleigh  I  rode,  and  remained  there  all  the 
-day  to  putt  for  the  poore  children." 

"  Danceiny  the  ropes" 

"Sir  Will  Wctler  the  Conqueror  to  London," 
July,  1643.  Who  was  he? 

"To  my  Camell,  where  I  beat  sticlce  and  came 
•home." 

H.  A.  ST.  J.  M. 

GALILEO  PORTRAIT.  —  What  portraits  of 
•Galileo  are  there  to  be  seen  in  English  or 
foreign  galleries  or  in  private  collections? 
I  have  recently  seen  at  a  friend's  house  a 
painting  in  oil  colour  of  Galileo.  I  should 
like  to  know  whether  it  is  a  copy  or  an 
original.  It  appears  to  be  of  considerable 
age.  In  the  left-hand  top  corner  of  the 
painting  there  is  the  following  inscription  : — 

GALILEVS 

GALILEVS 

MATH'VS 

representing,  I  think,  "  Galileus,  Galileus, 
Mathematicus."  In  Beeton's  '  Dictionary  of 
Universal  Information '  there  is  an  engraving 
of  Galileo  which  resembles  this  picture, 
except  that  it  bears  no  inscription.  The 
head  is  turned  to  the  left  in  both  portraits. 

CHR.  WATSON. 
264,  Worple  Road,  Wimbledon. 

"MALI." — I  append  an  extract  from 
the  'Records  of  the  Society  of  Gentlemen 
Practisers  in  the  Courts  of  Law  and  Equity, 
called  the  Law  Society/  published  by  the 
Incorporated  Law  Society  in  1897,  and  wish 
to  know  if  the  use  of  the  word  "  mali "  is  not 
unique: — 

"At  a  meeting  of  the  Society  of  Gentlemen 
Practisers  in  the  Courts  of  Law  and  Equity,  held 
on  13  February,  1739,  the  meeting  unanimously 
declared  its  utmost  abhorrence  of  all  mali  and 
unfair  practice,  and  that  it  would  do  its  utmost  to 
detect  and  discountenance  the  same,"  &c. 

JAS.  CURTIS,  F.S.A. 

WILLIAM  GOWER.  —  In  the  registers  of 
Penshurst,  Kent,  and  of  Chiddingstone, 
Kent,  there  appear  certain  entries  relative 
to  a  William  Gower.  The  first  entry  was 
made  in  1730,  and  is  of  the  baptism  of  a 
child  "of  William  and  Ann  Gower."  In  the 
registers  of  other  churches  in  the  neighbour- 
hood which  have,  up  to  the  present,  been 
searched,  no  previous  entry  can  be  found. 
The  William  Gower  referred  to  apparently 
died  at  Chiddingstone  in  1788,  and  had  eight 
children,  viz.,  Mary  (born  1730),  John  (born 


1732),  William  (born  circa  1735),  Thomas 
(born  1739),  Mary  (born  1741),  Edward  (born 
1744),  Ann  (born  1747),  and  Sarah  (date  of 
birth  unknown).  There  may  have  been  other 
children. 

I  shall  be  very  grateful  if  any  reader  can 
tell  me  to  what  family  the  William  Gower 
referred  to  belonged  and  the  date  and  place 
of  his  birth.  His  descendants  pronounce 
their  name  as  if  it  rimed  with  "  shower/'  but 
it  has  always  been  understood  that  it  was 
originally  pronounced  "  Gore,"  and  that  the 
said  William  Gower  or  his  immediate  ancestor 
left  his  family  and  became  reduced  in  the 
social  scale.  ROBERT  GOWER. 

50,  Mount  Pleasant,  Tunbridge  Wells. 

ROPEMAKER'S  ALLEY,  LITTLE  MOORFIELDS, 
— I  wish  to  secure  information  concerning 
any  of  the  following,  who  successively  held  a 
small  estate  in  the  above  region  of  St.  Giles, 
Cripplegate : — 

"Edward  Stanton,  assignee  of  John  Chatfield, 
assignee  of  Herbert  Pinchin,  devisee  of  Walter 
Pinchin,  assignee  of  Margarett  Pinchin,  Widdow, 
Relict  of  Phillip  Pinchin,  for  a  Garden  and  little 
House  thereupon  erected,  to  him  demised  for 
61  years  from  Christinas,  1661,  at  II.  per  annum." 
The  land  was  held  on  "a  Citty  lease,"  and 
the  Guildhall  authorities  have  kindly  afforded 
me  the  above  extract  from  a  document  dated 
Christmas,  1722.  STANLEY  B.  ATKINSON. 

10,  Adelphi  Terrace,  W.C. 

"  CHARACTER  is  FATE."— Who  says  that  ? 

GARRICK. 

[At  8th  S.  xii.  189  it  is  assigned  to  Owen  Mere- 
dith.] 

"  CONVINCED  AGAINST  HER  WILL."— Can  any 
one  kindly  tell  me  the  origin  of  the  following  1 
A  woman  convinced  against  her  will 

Is  of  the  same  opinion  still. 
I  have  heard  it  so  often  quoted.    Is  it  a 
parody  on  Butler's 

He  that  complies  against  his  will 
Is  of  his  own  opinion  still  ? 

E.  B. 

[We  believe  it  to  be  not  a  parody,  but  a  mis- 
quotation.] 

BERWICK  :  STEPS  OF  GRACE.— The  follow- 
ing is  given  in  Lean's  4  Collectanea,'  i.  160  : — 
If  a  Berwick  lad  and  lass 
Gang  together  by  the  Steps  of  Grace, 
They  '11  sup  wi'  the  priest  o'  Lamberton. 
Are  there  steps  thus  named  at  Berwick  1  and 
were  there  clandestine  marriages  performed 
at  Lamberton  1    Mr.  Lean  describes  it  as  the 
English  Gretna  Green.  K.  P.  D.  E. 

BATTLE  OF  SPURS.— This  battle,  fought  in 
1513,  is  generally  said  to  be  thus  named  in 


10*8.  ii.  N,,V.  26.19W.)        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


427 


derision.  Is  there  any  truth  in  the  alter- 
native derivation  from  a  4<  village  named 
Spours  "  in  the  neighbourhood  of  St.  Omer  ? 

J.  DORMER. 

'STEER  TO  THE  XOR'-NOR'-WEST,'  or  *The 
Writing  on  the  Slate,'  begins  with  (or  con- 
tains) the  words,  "  It  was  a  bark  from  Liver- 
pool." Is  'Steer  to  the  Nor'-Nor'- West '  the 
title  of  a  poem  .'  If  so,  by  whom?  Where 
could  it  be  obtained  1  OXFORD. 

"AND    MORNING   BRINGS    ITS    DAYLIGHT." — 

I  should  feel  much  obliged  if  you  could  help 
me  to  the  author  of  the  line  :— 

And  morning  brings  its  daylight  and  its  woe. 

A.  C.  T. 

THREE  VOLUMES  v.  ONE  VOLUME.— "  This 
volume  in  the  usual  form  of  three  volumes," 
<fec. — so  runs  the  publishers'  memoir  of  L.  E.  L. 
prefixed  to  a  single- volume  edition  (1856)  of 
*  Romance  and  Reality,'  by  Ward  &  Lock. 
When  did  the  three-volume  fashion,  at  thirty- 
one  and  sixpence  (publisher's  price),  die  out — 
about  1880?  What  was  the  name  of  the  last 
of  these  volumes  ?  Which  the  first  bold  six- 
shilling  book  1  R.  S. 

[A  similar  question  was  asked  in  1900  (9th  S.  vi. 
369).  The  year  1894  would  be  nearer  than  1880  for 
the  disappearance  of  the  three-volume  form.  Mr. 
Meredith's  *  Lord  Ormont  and  his  Aminta,'in  three 
volumes,  was  reviewed  in  the  AthtncKum  of  14  July, 
1894.  Of  eight  novels  reviewed  in  that  paper 
on  13  October,  four  were  three-volume  novels  ;  but 
although  ten  novels  were  reviewed  on  29  December, 
1894,  not  one  was  in  three  volumes.] 

"GIVING  HIS  SUPPER  TO  THE  DEVIL."— 
Campbell,  in  his  interesting  book  on  the 
4  Superstitions  of  the  Islands  of  Scotland,' 
makes  mention  of  an  awful  ceremony  known 
in  that  country  as  "Giving  his  supper  to 
the  Devil,"  which  consisted  in  roasting  cats 
alive  on  spits  till  the  Evil  One  himself 
appeared  in  bodily  shape,  compelled  to  grant 
whatever  wish  the  person  who  performed 
the  ceremony  desired. 

Was  this  awful  ceremony  ever  performed 
in  any  part  of  England  at  any  time  ? 

JONATHAN  CEREDIG  DAVIES. 

WESLEY  FAMILY.— In  our  parish  registers 
there  is  an  entry  of  a  marriage  between  John 
Wesley  and  Pasque  Sharman,  on  12  May, 
1794.  Can  any  one  tell  me  if  this  namesake 
was  a  relative  of  the  founder  of  the 
Methodists?  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

WILLIAM  ROBERTSON.—  There  are  recorded 
at  Tayport,  Fife,  the  marriage  of  William 
Robertson  to  Helen  Miller,  on  25  April,  1650, 
and  the  baptism  of  their  son  Arthur,  on 


27  April,  1651.  Can  any  one  tell  me  who 
William  Robertson  was,  or  give  me  any  infor- 
mation about  him  ?  I  particularly  wish  to 
know  who  his  parents  were,  and  to  which 
branch  of  the  Robertson  family  he  belonged. 

J.  C.  ROBERTSON. 
11,  Fort  Street,  Dundee. 

DUCHESS  OF  GORDON. — Capt.  William  Gor- 
don, of  the  Abergeldie  family,  writing  (3  June, 
1785)  from  Little  Gordon  Castle,  near  Bromp- 
ton,  to  Sir  Robert  Murray  Keith,  our  ambas- 
sador at  Vienna  (Add.  MS.  Brit.  Mus.  35,534, 
f.  200),  tells  a  salacious  story  about  the  famous 
Duchess  of  Gordon,  the  Prince  of  Wales,  and 
the  Due  de  Chartres.  "  After  supper,"  he  says, 
"  she  was  taken  ill  and  was  obliged  to  go  to 
bed  :  Aom  peh  ozaoxh  soon  after."  What  do 
the  three  strange  words  mean  ? 

J.  M.  BULLOCH. 

118,  Pall  Mail,  S.W. 

PHILIP  D'AUVERGNE,  1754-1816.— Any  clue 
to  the  surname  of  his  wife,  whose  arms  are 
shown  on  his  book-plate,  will  oblige. 

A.  C.  H. 

GENEALOGY  IN  DUMAS.  —  I  shall  be  glad 
if  any  readers  of  *N.  &  Q.'  can  throw 
light  on  the  supposed  birth  of  the  Vicomte 
de  Bragelonne.  Is  Athos  his  real  father? 
and  who  is  his  mother  ?  AMY  TASKER. 

PINKETT.— " Pinkett's  Corner"  in  a  Wor- 
cestershire parish  is  a  boggy  place  where 
the  will-o'-the-wisp  is  sometimes  seen.  Is 
"  Pinkett"  current  elsewhere  in  this  sense  ? 

H.  KINGSFORD. 

REV.  WILLIAM  HILL.— In  the  *  History  of 
the  Chartist  Movement,  1837-54,'  by  R.  G. 
Gammage,  published  in  1894,  there  are  several 
references  to  the  gentleman  whose  name  is 
prefixed  to  these  lines,  mentioning  him  as  the 
editor  of  the  Northern  Star.  Then,  on  p.  401, 
it  is  stated  that  he  "  became  editor  or  some 
trade  journal  at  Edinburgh."  May  I  appeal 
for  guidance  to  an  obituary  notice  of  him, 
or,  at  least,  for  a  note  of  the  date  and  place 
of  his  death  ?  CHARLES  HIGHAM. 

169,  (^rove  Lane,  Camberwell,  S.K. 

CON-  CONTRACTION.  —  In  manuscripts  and 
books  of  the  sixteenth  century  and  there- 
about a  mark  of  elision,  known  as  C  cursive 
or  C  reverse,  was  used  at  the  beginning  of  a 
word  to  indicate  the  syllable  con,  e.g. :  oclave 
=  conclave.  It  was  sometimes  a  reversed  C, 
sometimes  the  figure  9.  This  statement  can 
be  verified  by  any  dictionary  of  printing. 

What  I  wish  to  know  is  this  :  Was  there, 
in  the  printers'  jargon  of  the  time,  any  par- 
ticular name  for  this  character,  and  especially 


428 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      cio*  s.  n.  NOV.  26, 


was  it  ever  known  as  "  the  horn  "?    As  it  was 
horn-shaped  it  naturally  might  be. 

QUIRIXUS. 

OXFORD  ALMANAC  DESIGNERS.  —  Any  in- 
formation respecting  J.  Dixon,  one  of  the 
designers,  will  be  very  welcome.  Dr.  J.  E. 
Magrath,  Provost  of  Queen's,  prints  in  the 
first  volume  of  *  The  Flemings  in  Oxford  '  an 
appendix  on  the  Oxford  almanacs,  and,  as 
quoted  by  the  Periodical,  mentions  among 
the  designers  from  the  beginning  in  1674 
to  the  present  year  one  J.  Dixon,  who 
engraved  the  Oxford  almanacs  for  1793-4. 
Mr.  Henry  Frowde,  of  the  Oxford  University 
Press,  and  publisher  of  the  Periodical,  has 
very  kindly  made  investigations,  and  writes  : 
"  Unfortunately  search  has  yielded  nothing  : 
Dixon  is  not  mentioned  even  in  the  new 
edition  of  Bryan's  great  'Dictionary  of 
Painters  and  Engravers.'  'N.  &  Q.'  might 
help."  RONALD  DIXON. 

46,  Maryborough  Avenue,  Hull. 

DOG-BITE  CURE.  —  I  copy  the  following 
from  an  old  MS.  receipt  book,  dated  1752  :— 

"  For  the  Bite  of  a  Mad  Dog.— Take  the  leaves 
of  Rue,  picked  from  the  Stalks  and  bruised.  Six 
ounces  of  Garliek  picked  from  the  Stalks  and 
bruised.  Venice  Treaele,  or  Mithridate,  and  the 
Scrapings  of  Pewter,  of  each  four  ounces  ;  boil  all 
together  over  a  slow  fire  in  2  Quarts  of  Strong  Ale 
till  one  pint  be  consumed  ;  then  keep  it  in  a  bottle 
close  stop'd  and  give  of  it  9  Spoonfuls  to  a  man  or 
woman  warm,  seven  mornings  together  fasting,  and 
six  to  a  Dog.  N.B.— This  the  Author  believes  will 
not,  God  willing,  fail  if  it  be  taken  within  9  days 
after  the  Biting  of  the  Dog,  applying  some  of  the 
Ingredients  from  which  the  Liquor  was  strained  to 
the  bitten  place.  This  Re  was  taken  out  of  Cathorpe 
Church  in  Lincolnshire,  the  whole  Town  being  bitten 
with  a  Mad  Dog,  all  those  -who  took  the  Medicine 
did  well,  the  Rest  died  Mad." 

It  would  be  interesting  to  know  if  the 
above  is  copied  from  an  entry  in  the  church 
registers,  and  if  so,  the  date  of  the  occurrence. 
CHARLES  DRURY. 

[Garlic  was,  as  we  know,  considered,  a  couple  of 
generations  ago,  invaluable  as  a  remedy  for  the  dis- 
temper, and,  indeed,  seemed  to  be  of  service.] 

"L.S."—  Have  these  initials,  appended  to 
the  name  of  a  solicitor,  any  and  what  mean- 
ing 1  In  the  south  choir  aisle  of  St.  Saviour's 
Collegiate  Church,  South wark,  immediately 
to  the  left  of  the  present  organ  console,  there 
is  a  mural  tablet  inscribed  to  the  memory  of 
a  parishioner  thus  :  "  William  Jackson,  L.S., 
Attorney  and  Solicitor."  He  died  in  1850. 
Can  any  of  your  readers  tell  me  what  the 
initials  signify?  It  has  been  suggested  thatLaw 
Society  is  the  explanation.  But  the  official 
title  till  quite  lately  was  the  Incorporated 
-Law  Society  ;  and,  though  I.L.S.  has  often 


been  used  to  denote  the  Society,  I  have  never, 
known  a  solicitor  add  any  initials  implying 
membership  to  his  name.  The  only  legal  use 
of  L.S.  is  for  locus  sigilli.  And  in  a  copy  of 
a  deed  the  signature  and  seal  would  appear 
as  "William  Jackson,  L.S."  May  not  this 
be  the  explanation  ?  Some  person  may  have 
mistaken  the  place  of  the  seal  for  the  Law 
Society.  W.  DIGBY  THURNAM. 

"TELL  ME,  MY  CICELY,  WHY  so  COY."  — 
Written  within  an  early  seventeenth-century 
edition  of  Cockeram's  'English  Dictionarie ' 
are  these  lines  from  an  old  love-poem.  I 
should  be  glad  if  some  one  could  direct  me  to 
their  source : — 

Tell  me,  my  Cicely,  why  so  coy, 

Of  men  so  much  afraid  ; 
'Tis  surely  better  far  to  die 

A  mother  than  a  maid. 


WM.  JAGGARD. 


139,  Canning  Street,  Liverpool. 


SHAKESPEARE'S  WIFE. 
(10th  S.  ii.  389.) 

THE  late  Mr.  Charles  I.  Elton,  in  his- 
recently  published  book  'William  Shake- 
speare :  his  Family  and  Friends,'  says  on' 
p.  29,  in  speaking  of  Halliwell-Phillipps's 
theory  that  the  Christian  names  Agnes  and 
Ann  were  "  sometimes  convertible  "  : — 

"  The  names  in  reality  appear  to  be  quite  distinct. 

As  early  as  the  thirty-third  of  Henry  VI.  it 

was  decided  that  Anne  and  Agnes  are  distinct 
baptismal  names  and  not  convertible,  so  that  if  an, 
action  was  brought  against  John  and  his  wife 
Agnes,  and  the  wife's  name  was  Anne,  the  variance 
was  essential  and  could  not  be  amended.  Two 
other  cases  are  reported  by  Croke.  In  King  ?;. 
King,  decided  in  the  forty-second  Elizabeth,  the 
Court  resolved  that  Agnes  and  Anne  are  several 
names,  and  that  a  mistake  between  them  could  not 
be  amended  after  a  verdict.  In  Griffith  v.  Sir  Hugh 
Middleion,  in  the  fifteenth  year  of  James  I.,  the 
Chief  Justice  said  that  'Joan  and  Jane  are  both 
one  name,  but  Agnes  and  Anne,  Gillian  and  Julian, 
are  different.'  The  suggestion  may  therefore  be 
dismissed  that  the  poet  married,  under  the  name 
of  Anne,  an  Agnes  Hathaway  of  Shottery.  It 
would  indeed  have  been  somewhat  difficult  to 
prove  that  his  wife  was  a  Hathaway  at  all,  if  ife 
were  not  for  the  bond  relating  to  their  marriage 
which  Sir  Thomas  Phillipps  found  at  Worcester, 
and  for  the  recognition  by  Lady  Barnard  (Shake- 
speare's granddaughter)  of  the  Weston  Hathawaya 
as  her  kinsfolk.  There  is,  we  may  say,  no  reason- 
able doubt  that  Anne  belonged  to  a  Gloucestershire 
family,  but  whether  she  was  remotely  connected 
with  the  great  Gloucestershire  Hathaways  is  a  verj? 
different  question." 
And  at  the  bottom  of  p.  30  he  adds  :— 


ws.ii.xov.a3.i9M.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


429 


"  It  should  also  be  remembered  that  Weston  is 
close  to  Stratford,  and  therefore  not  far  from  the 
old  Heath-way,  which,  as  we  suspect,  gave  a  sur- 
name to  the  various  Hathaways  in  that  neighbour 
hood." 

A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

The  confusion  between  the  names  Agnes 
and  Anne,  which  MR.  STRONACH  doubts  upon 
such  very  inadequate  and  negative  evidence, 
must  be  well  known  to  every  searcher  of  old 
records ;  but  not  every  one  will  take  the 
trouble  to  look  up  the  instances  for  the  sake 
of  confuting  the  Baconians. 

In  the  will  of  Thomas  Hayne,  of  Sullington, 
co.  Sussex,  dated  14  November,  1557,  a  legacy 
is  left  to  Anne  Hayne,  the  daughter  of  John 
Hayne.  But  her  baptism  is  thus  given  in 
the  Sullington  registers  :  *c  8  October,  1557, 
Agnes  Hayne,  daughter  of  John  Hayne." 

In  the  account  of  the  administration  of 
the  goods  of  Richard  Hayne,  a  descendant 
of  the  above  Thomas,  dated  1  March,  1638, 
we  find,  "  Item  to  Agnes  Gruggen,  daughter 
of  the  said  deceased,  VH."  But  Robert  Grug- 
gen, in  his  will  dated  17  July,  1657,  leaves  his 
wife  Anne  executrix. 

The  wife  of  the  above  Richard  Hayne  was 
Agnes  (Hurst),  and  the  probate  of  her  will, 
under  the  name  Agnes,  was  granted  to  her 
son  Gregory  in  1638.  Yet  in  the  Bishop's 
transcripts  of  the  registers  of  Binsted, 
co.  Sussex,  we  find  her  burial  registered  on 
27  February,  1638,  under  the  name  Ann 
Haine. 

In  fact,  Agnes  was  habitually  pronounced 
Annis,  and  easily  became  Ann. 

REGINALD  HAINES. 

Uppingham. 

MR.  STROXACH  need  go  no  further  than 
to  the  will  of  Richard  Hathaway,  whose 
daughter  Agnes  is  believed  to  have  been 
Shakespeare's  Anne,  to  find  an  exactly 
parallel  case.  There  Agnes,  daughter  of 
Thomas  Hathaway,  is  mentioned  ;  her  name 
appears  twice  in  the  parish  registers  as 
Anne.  In  the  register  of  Bishopton,  near 
Stratford-on-Avon,  "  Thomas  Greene  and 
Agnes  his  wife  "  are  entered  in  1599  and  1602, 
and  the  same  people  in  1605  as  "Thomas 
Greene  and  Anne  his  wife."  On  one  of  the 
tombs  in  the  Clopton  chapel  of  Trinity 
Church,  Stratford-on-Avon,  is  an  inscription 
to  "  William  Clopton,  esquier,  and  Anne  his 
wife,"  which  once  continued  "the  said  Agnes 
deceased,"  &c.  I  say  "once  continued" 
because  part  of  the  inscription  has  been 
removed  in  altering  the  chanel.  Agnes 
Henslowe,  wife  of  Philip  Henslowe,  Shake- 
speare's contemporary  actor-manager,  was 
recorded  in  the  entry  of  her  burial  and  on 


her  gravestone  as  Anne.  The  village  of 
St.  Agnes,  in  Cornwall,  and  its  neighbouring 
St.  Agnes  Head  and  St.  Agnes  Beacon,  are 
still  called  St.  Ann's  by  the  natives  ;  and  it 
is,  or  was  fairly  recently,  a  fact  that  some  of 
those  natives  would  have  been  quite  unable 
to  direct  a  stranger  to  St.  Agnes,  because 
they  would  not  have  known  what  place  he 
meant.  Many  parallel  cases  can  be  quoted 
from  records  before,  during,  and  after  the 
time  of  Shakespeare,  but  these  may  suffice. 
H.  SNOWDEN  WARD. 
Hadlow,  Kent. 

Two  instances  can  be  adduced  in  confirma- 
tion of  MR.  SIDNEY  LEE'S  statement  that  the 
name  of  Agnes  occasionally  appears  as  Anne 
in  early  records  : — 

1576.  Marriage  licence.  Thomas  Elliott 
and  Agnes  Underhyll,  widow,  of  S.  Laurence, 
Old  Jewry. 

1576.  Indenture  of  settlement  on  Tho. 
Elliott's  intended  marriage  with  Anne 
Underyll,  of  London,  widow. 

1605.  Marriage  at  S.  Martin's,  Birmingham. 
Humph.  Coop'  and  Agnes  Sansom. 

1609.  Chancery  proceedings.  Robert  Elson 
v.  Humphrey  Cowper  and  others.  Reference 
to  Anne,  widow  of  Thomas  Saunsom  and  wife 
of  said  Cowper. 

Thus  it  seems  very  possible  that  Agnes 
Hathaway  and  Anne  Shakespeare  may  have 
been  one  and  the  same  person. 

WM.  UNDERBILL. 

170,  Merton  Road,  Wimbledon. 


THE  PELICAN  MYTH  (10th  S.  ii.  267,  310).— 
The  literature  of  this  subject  is  very  extensive, 
and  while  it  is  being  discussed  it  may  be 
worth  while  to  give  a  sample  of  various 
illustrations  which  have  come  under  my 
own  notice,  but  have  not  yet  been  mentioned. 
Mrs.  Bury  Palliser,  in  *  Historic  Devices,'  <fec. 
(1870),  p.  243,  gives  as  the  device  of  Alfonso  X. 
the  Wise,  King  of  Castile,  a  pelican  in  its 
piety,  with  the  motto  **  Pro  lege  et  grege," 
and  quotes  passages  from  Drayton,  Shak- 
speare  (*  Hamlet,'  Act  IV.  sc.  v.),  Skelton, 
'  Bibliotheca  Biblica,'  and  a  Bestiarium  which 
gives  a  French  translation  of  the  passage 
From  '  Physiologus.'  She  also  notices  that 
the  pelican  was  the  sign  of  the  printers  H.  de 
Marnef  and  Guill.  Cavellat,  of  Paris  (c.  1587- 
1610),  with  the  motto  "  En  moy  la  mort, 
en  moy  la  vie,"  or  "  In  me  mors,  in  me  vita." 
Mrs.  Palliser  (p.  222)  says  that  the  pelican 
was  also  adopted  as  one  of  his  devices  by 
Pope  Clement  IX.,  with  the  motto  "Aliis 
ion  sibi  cleraens,"  and  that  William  of  Nassau, 
Prince  of  Orange,  bore  as  motto  on  some  of 


430 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       do*  s.  n.  NOV.  26,  im. 


his  standards  the  pelican,  on  others  "Pro  lege, 
grege  et  rege." 

Wither's  'Emblems,' p.  154  (the  engravings 
are  well  known  to  be  by  Crispin  de  Pass), 
represents  the  parent  bird  feeding  its  three 
young  ones  in  the  foreground,  and  in  the 
distance  angels  holding  chalices  to  catch  the 
sacred  blood  from  the  figure  of  the  Crucified. 
The  heading  of  the  page  is  : — 

Our  Pelican,  by  bleeding,  thus, 
Fulfill'd  the  Law,  and  cured  Vs  ; 
and  the  motto,  "Pro  lege  et  pro  grege." 
Beneath  are  thirty  lines  of  appropriate  verse. 
Another  engraving  of  nearly  equal  merit  is  to 
be  seen  in  the  Plantin  edition  of  the  book 
called  *  Physiologus,'  attributed  to  St.  Epi- 
phanius,  Bishop  of  Constantia  (Antverpise, 
1588).  Whether  rightly  attributed  to  this 
author  or  not  (Smith's  *  Biographical  Dic- 
tionary '  does  not  include  it  among  his  works), 
the  treatise  is  certainly  of  ecclesiastical 
origin.  It  consists  of  twenty-five  short 
chapters,  all  about  birds  or  animals,  of  matter 
largely  fabulous,  with  a  spiritual  interpreta- 
tion attached  to  each  chapter,  and  in  the 
Plantin  edition  some  excellent  notes. 

The  twenty -ninth  '  Imago '  of  Boetius  a 
Bolswert  in  his  well-known  illustrations  to 
Sucquet's  '  Via  Vitse  ^Eternee '  introduces  the 
pelican  feeding  its  three  young  as  a  type  of 
the  solitary  life. 

Yet  another  printer  adopted  the  pelican 
as  his  badge— one  Christopher  Mangius,  of 
Augsburg.  The  book  in  which  I  find  it  is 
called  *  Icones  Sanctorum/  by  Cl.  Distelmair, 
1610.  The  design  is  good,  but  inferior  to  that 
of  the  Paris  press. 

Very  inferior  to.  all  these  is  emblem  xlv. 
of  Hiley's  collection  (third  edition,  1779 
p.  134).  This  is  a  roughly  executed  woodcut! 
The  mother  is  feeding  four  young  birds  with 
as  many  streamlets  issuing  from  her  breast. 
The  topic  is  'Of  Heavenly  Love,'  and  the 
verses — 

The  tender  Pelican  with  ceaseless  cares 
Protects  her  young  ones  and  their  food  prepares, 
From  her  own  breast  the  nourishment  proceeds, 
With  which,  as  with  her  blood,  her  brood  she  feeds 
Emblem  of  Heav'ns  supernal  graces  known, 
And  parents'  love  to  dearest  children  shewn. 

Moral. 

To  God  above,  and  to  your  friends  below, 
Still  let  your  breast  with  Zeal  and  Duty  glow, 
Much  to  your  Parents,  more  to  Heav'n  you  owe. 
The  note  that  follows  is  curious  : — 

"  The  Pelican  is  a  bird  known  to  most  people 
It  has  given  rise  to  many  strange  stories,  the  prin 
cipal  of  which  is,  that  of 'feeding  its  young  with  it 
blood;  which,  upon  examination,  has  not  provec 
true.  But  it  has  a  bag  or  pouch,  in  which  it  put 
provision  to  supply  their  wants ;  doubtless  th< 
manner  of  the  female's  taking  it  from  that  reposi 


ory  appeared,  to  the  first  observers  of  it,  as  if  she 
lad  made  an  opening  in  her  breast,  and  nourished 
hem  with  her  blood." 

?he  true  pelican,  with  its  ungainly  pouch, 
las  little  resemblance  to  Riley's  illustration, 
vhich  follows  the  others  in  representing  a 
graceful  bird  more  like  a  swan. 

Wilkinson    (supra,    p.    311)    should    have 
quoted    Horapollo    more    at    length.      The 
pelican's  principal  mark  of  folly  is,  that  where- 
as it  might  lay  its  eggs  tv  TOIS  i-^v/Aore/oois 
oTTots,  like  other  birds,  it  scrapes  a  hole  in 
he  ground  and   there  brings  up  its  brood. 
?hen  when  people  make  a  circle  of  dry  cow- 
dung  round  its  nest  and  set  it  on  fire,  it  only 
ncreases  the  flame  by  trying  to  flap  it  out 
with  its  wings,  singeing  them  in  the  process. 
See    '  Horapollinis    Hieroglyphica,'    ed.    De 
Pauw  (1727),  and  cf.  Job  xxxix.  13-17. 

CECIL  DEEDES. 
Chichester. 

Having  now  had  the  opportunity  of  con- 
sulting the  eleven  ponderous  folios  of  Val- 
arsi's  '  Jerome,'  I  am  inclined  to  agree  with 
B.  W.  that  the  myth  is  wrongly  attributed 
to  this  saint.  A  cul-de-lampe  of  an  aquiline 
'  pelican "  in  her  piety  towards  the  end  of 
vol.  vii.  is  the  nearest  approach  to  mention- 
ing the  fable  I  can  find  ;  Jerome's  remark 
'vol.  iv.  col.  810)  that  the  eagle,  aquila^  is 
pre-eminently  fond  of  her  young  coming  a 
poor  second.  The  two  genera  of  onocrotalus 
are  referred  to  in  his  *  Comment,  in  Sophon.' 
(vi.  709),  and  by  the  pseudo-Hieronymus  in 
the  'Brev.  in  Psalt.'  (vii.,  App.  271),  the 
latter  furnishing  the  information  that  one 
kind  of  pelican  feeds  on  reptiles  and  the 
other  on  fish. 

The  earliest  reference  to  Jerome  as  an 
authority  for  the  myth  is.  so  far  as  I  know, 
Ponce  de  Leon's  note  to  Epiphanius,  'Ad 
Physiologum '  (1588,  p.  32),  which  looks  like 
a  guess,  and  which  is  copied  in  A.  Simson's 
*  Hieroglyphica  Animalium  Terrestrium,'  &c. 
(1622,  p.  31).  After  Epiphanius  and  Augus- 
tine comes  Isidore,  who  gives  the  myth  to 
the  pelican,  whilst  elsewhere  mentioning 
there  are  two  kinds  of  onocrotahis  (ed.  Migne, 
Ixxxii.  462-3).  Gregory's  account  is  also  in 
Migne  (Ixxix.  610),  and  he,  like  Epiphanius, 
symbolizes  Christ  by  the  pelican,  so  that 
there  is  no  need  (ante,  p.  311)  to  look  upon 
Aquinas  as  Dante's  authority.  Finally,  there 
may  be  added  to  the  pelican  aviary  the 
owl  suggested  in  Cheyne  and  Black's  *  Ency. 
Biblica '  (1902).  J.  DORMER. 

It  is  certain  that  no  authority  of  any 
value  can  be  quoted  for  the  statement  that 
"  the  pelican  among  the  ancient  Egyptians 


K)<*  s.  ii.  NOV.  26,  i9w.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


431 


was  constituted  a  hieroglyphic  of  the  four 
duties  of  a  father  towards  his  children." 
Curious  assertions  of  this  kind  (when  not 
modern  inventions)  are  derived  ultimately 
from  Greek  writers  who  knew  nothing  of 
Egyptian,  and  who  cannot  be  authorities  on 
it,  though  scientific  Egyptology  has  shown 
that  they  occasionally  state  a  truth  among 
scores  or  errors.  When  we  know  that  the 
bulk  of  the  Egyptian  writing  is  for  all 
practical  purposes  alphabetic,  we  see  that 
the  value  attributed  to  the  pelican  is 
impossible.  Even  the  ideographic  characters 
are  not  used  in  the  perplexing  manner 
suggested.  F.  W.  READ. 

I  am  told  by  Mr.  Boscawen  that  Dr.  Budge 
is  of  the  opinion  that  the  symbol  of  the 
pelican  feeding  his  young  came  fromEphesus, 
where  the  bird  was  abundant,  but  that  in 
Egypt  it  possessed  no  sacred  symbolism.  I 
do  not  know  in  what  year  Eucherius  lived, 
but  Timbs,  in  his  '  Things  Not  Generally 
Known'  (first  series,  p.  81),  says  that 
Eucherius  confesses  it  to  be  the  emblem  of 
Christ,  and  that  Jerome  describes  the  pelican 
thus  restoring  her  young  ones  destroyed  by 
serpents,  as  illustrating  the  destruction  of 
man  by  the  old  serpent,  and  his  restorement 
by  the  blood  of  Christ.  There  are  like 
relations  by  Austin  and  Isidore.  See  also 
Alt,  '  Die  Heiligenbilder,'  p.  56,  referred  to 
in  Smith's  'Diet,  of  Christian  Antiq.,'  s.v. 
*  Pelican.'  J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

In  Ulysses  Aldrovandi's  'Ornithologia' 
(iii.  52)  another  passage  in  St.  Jerome's  works 
is  referred  to,  thus  : — 

"Minim  quod  scribit  D.  Hieronymus  Pelicanum 
cum  auos  liberos  a  serpente  occisos  inuenit,  lugere, 
et  se,  et  latera  sua  percutere,  et  excusso  sanguine 
corpora  mortuorum  reuiuiscere." 

Cf.  also  the  full-page  woodcut  on  p.  47 
with  the  inscription  "  Pelecanum  ut  pingant 
pictores"  (but  there  the  young  ones  are 
alive).  L.  L.  K. 

MICHAELMAS  CUSTOM  (10th  S.  ii.  347).— 
Roast  goose  may,  of  course,  have  come  to  be 
eaten  at  Michaelmas  simply  on  its  own  merits 
as  a  seasonable  dish,  since  it  has  been  putting 
on  flesh  all  through  the  summer,  which,  if  the 
bird  is  put  off  as  a  festive  dish  till  Christmas, 
will  by  that  time  run  to  fat  rather  than  to 
meat.  But  at  the  same  time  one  cannot  help 
thinking  that  such  an  ingrained  custom 
became  popular  because  of  this  rather  than 
in  spite  of  it,  owing  to  the  goose  at  that  time 
suggesting  itself  as  a  suitable  dish  with  which 
the  great  landlords  might  entertain  their 
tenants  at  Martinmas,  which  was  formerly 


one  of  the  usual  quarter-days,  when  rents 
were  paid  as  they  now  are  at  Michaelmas.  But 
there  is  a  sacrificial  appearance  about  the 
sprinkling  of  a  few  drops  of  the  blood  of  the 
bird  on  the  floor  of  the  rooms  of  the  house, 
which  strongly  suggests  a  transference  in 
early  Christian  times  of  some  pagan  associa- 
tions with  a  sacrificial  act  in  connexion  with 
the  goose.  The  story  is  that  St.  Martin 
killed  and  ate  a  goose  which  tormented  him, 
and  that  thereafter  it  was  thought  a  fitting 
custom  to  sacrifice  the  bird  annually  to  his 
memory.  St.  Martin,  however,  died  from  the 
repast.  I  do  not  know  the  source  of  this  tale. 
J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

THE  MUSSUK  (10th  S.  ii.  263,  329,  371).— I  am 
sorry  that  MR.  JAMES  PLATT  should  think  I 
am  unduly  hard  upon  my  fellow-countrymen 
in  saying  that  they  seem  to  have  a  difficulty 
in  pronouncing  sh  before  a  consonant.  His 
citation  of  mussCdchee  induces  me  to  modify 
my  statement,  to  the  extent  of  saying  that 
Englishmen  appear  to  find  a  difficulty  in 
pronouncing  a  medial  shin  Arabic  or  Persian. 
1  passed  my  examinations  in  Hindustani 
nearly  forty-five  years  ago  and  served  many 
years  in  India,  and  I  never  remember  to 
have  heard  an  educated  Musulmiin  pronounce 
sh  improperly.  As  regards  the  initial  «/*, 
such  words  as  sh/Mtdn  and  sheikh  have  always 
in  my  hearing  been  pronounced  properly  by 
high  and  low  alike.  The  word  s/iakar  is 
certainly  pronounced  sakar  by  khidmatgars 
and  other  uneducated  people  on  the  Bombay 
side  of  India,  but  not  by  the  educated.  On 
the  Bengal  side,  as  MR.  PLATT  is,  of  course, 
aware,  the  universal  word  for  sugar  is  wi/x/1/'. 
W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

HEACHAM  PARISH  OFFICERS  (10th  S.  ii.  247, 
335,  371).— I  have  referred  to  my  note  and 
think  a  wider  meaning  has  been  placed  upon 
my  words  by  your  correspondents  than  they 
will  strictly  bear.  I  was  alluding  to  the 
parish  officers  of  Heacham  only,  as  the  head 
ing  to  my  note  makes  clear. 

No  doubt  a  number  of  parishes  still  go 
through  the  farce  of  electing  pindars  where 
there  are  no  pounds,  way- wardens  where 
there  are  no  roads  to  look  after,  and  con- 
stables whose  duties  have  fallen  into  desue- 
tude. But  in  a  great  many  localities  these 
offices  are  recognized  as  things  of  the  past, 
and  treated  accordingly. 

Perhaps  DR.  FORSHAW  would  kindly  give 
me  chapter  and  verse  for  MR.  PAGE'S  state- 
ment that  it  is  the  duty  of  the  parish  con- 
stable to  communicate  with  the  coroner  in  the 
event  of  sudden  death,  and  empanel  a  jury. 
It  is  not  possible  in  the  country  to  refer  to 


432 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  NOV.  20, 


Acts  of  Parliament.  I  ask  this  because, 
though  I  believe  this  to  be  the  recognized 
practice,  the  only  book  on  the  subject  to 
which  I  have  access,  the  'Overseers'  Manual,' 
assigns  this  duty  to  the  overseers.  And 
though  many  pages  are  devoted  to  the  quali- 
fications, disqualifications,  and  manner  of 
election  of  persons  to  the  post  of  parish 
constable,  there  is  not  a  single  word  about 
the  duties  pertaining  to  that  office. 

HOLCOMBE  INGLEBY. 

THEATRE-BUILDING  (10th  S.  ii.  328).— There 
is  a  copy  of  Carini's  book  in  the  Biblio- 
teca  Nazionale  at  Naples  (catalogue  number 
xxxv.  E.  1).  The  title-page  runs  as  follows  :— 

44  Trattato  sopra  la  Struttura  de  Theatri  e  Scene, 
che  a  nostri  giorni  si  costumano,  e  delle  Regole  per 
far  quelli  con  proportione  secondo  1'  Insegnamento 
della  pratica  Maestra  Commune,  di  Fabricio 
Carini  Motta  archittetto  del  Serenissimo  di  Mantoua 
Consacrato  al  Merito  Sublime  dell'  Altezza  Sere- 
nissima  Isabella  Clara  Archiduchessa  d'  Austria 
Duchessa  di  Mantova.  In  Guastalla,  per  Ales- 
sandro  Giuazzi  Stampator  Ducale.  Con  licenza  de' 
Superior!,  1676." 

It  is  a  folio  volume  of  twenty-four  pages  of 
text,  in  twelve  chapters,  with  eleven  full- 
page  plates  of  a  severely  mathematical 
character.  On  p.  1  is  printed  in  large  type 
what  appears  to  be  the  scope  of  the  book, 
"in  che  convenghino  li  theatri  de  nostri 
tempi  con  quelli  degl'  antichi."  There  is  no 
copy  of  Scipio  Chiaramonte's  book  in  this 
library.  JULIAN  COTTON. 

Palazzo  Arlotta,  Chiatamone,  Naples. 

MARTYRDOM  OF  ST.  THOMAS  :  ST.  THOMAS 
OF  HEREFORD  (10th  S.  i.  388,  450  ;  ii.  30,  195, 
273,  352).— St.  Richard,  Bishop  of  Chichester, 
who  was  buried  in  his  cathedral  church,  was 
born  in  1198,  died  in  1253,  and  was  canonized 
by  Urban  IV.— in  1262,  according  to  Butler 
('  Lives  of  the  Saints,'  3  April),  but  according 
to  Migne's  '  Dictionnaire  Hagiographique,' 
in  1280  (vide  *  Richard  [Saint],  eveque  de 
Chichester ').  Thus  it  is  manifestly  impossible 
that  St.  Richard  could  have  been  a  "  son  "  of 
Wykeham,  that  is  a  "  Wykehamist,"  seeing 
that  William  of  Wykeham,  the  founder  of 
the  two  St.  Mary-Winton  Colleges,  who  was 
born  in  1324,  lived  more  than  half  a  century 
after  St.  Richard's  death.  I  may  note  that 
Wykeham  founded  his  college  at  Oxford  in 
1380,  and  that  at  Winchester  in  1382.  ( Vide 
'  Diet,  of  National  Biography,' '  Wykeham.') 

As  regards  the  other  item  put  forward  by 
MR.  DODGSON  (ante,  p.  352),  I  may  add  that 
St.  Thomas  of  Hereford  (i.e.  Thomas  de  Cante- 
lupe)  was  canonized  by  Pope  John  XXII. 
in  1310  [13201],  so  that  St.  Richard  of 
Chichester,  at  all  events,  cannot  be  con- 


sidered "  the  last  Englishman  canonized 

until  of  late  years.'''  B.  W. 

Fort  Augustus. 

St.  Thomas  of  Hereford  was  not  the  last 
Englishman  formally  canonized.  More  than 
a  century  later  Callixtus  III.  canonized 
St.  Osmund  of  Salisbury,  1  January,  1456/7, 
and  the  same  Pope  is  also  stated  in  Platina's 
'  Lives '  to  have  canonized  St.  Edmund  the 
King.  MR.  DODGSON'S  communication  at  the 
last  reference  makes  one  rub  one's  eyes. 
St.  Richard  was  canonized  in  1261-2,  sixty-two- 
years  before  William  of  Wykeham  was  born. 
Was  he  thinking  of  Robert  Sherborne, 
Bishop  of  Chichester?  But  this  worthy 
Wykehamist  has  not  been  raised  to  the  altars 
of  the  Church. 

I  may  take  this  opportunity  of  repeating  a 
communication  sent  in  some  time  ago,  but 
not  inserted,  viz.,  an  addition  of  the  church 
of  Corenno,  a  hamlet  between  Colico  and 
Dervio,  on  the  Lake  of  Corno,  to  the  churches 
already  noticed  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  as  dedicated  to 
St.  Thomas  of  Canterbury.  Portsmouth 
parish  church  has  the  same  dedication  ;  but 
perhaps  this  has  been  mentioned  before. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

Did  not  MR.  DODGSON  fall  into  some 
temporary  error  when  he  wrote,  at  the  last 
reference,  of  St.  Richard  as  "  one  of  Wyke- 
ham's  '  sons ' "  ?  Richard  de  la  Wyche  (Beatus 
Richardus)  died  in  1253,  and  was  canonized 
in  1262  (Godwin,  *  De  Pnesulibus  Anglise,* 
505  ;  *  D.N.B.,'  xlviii.  202).  William  of 
Wykeham  founded  New  College,  Oxford,  by 
a  deed  of  1379,  and  Winchester  College  by  a 
deed  of  1382.  Possibly  MR.  DODGSON  moment- 
arily confused  St.  Richard  with  Robert 
Sherborne  ('D.N.B.,'  Hi.  69),  Bishop  of 
Chichester,  who  died  in  1536.  Sherborne 
was  a  Wykehamist,  and  his  beautiful  tomb 
ought  certainly  to  attract  the  attention  of 
visitors  at  Chichester  Cathedral.  H.  C. 

Richard  de  Wyche,  Bishop  of  Chichester. 
and  Saint,  was  born  about  1197  (Booking,  in 
4  Acta  SS.,'  Ap.  i.  307),  and  died  1253,  3  April 
(Matt.  Paris,  v.  369).  From  the  moment  of 
his  death  he  received  the  honour  of  sanctity. 
Consequently  he  was  not  the  last  Englishman 
of  the  mediaeval  Church  (or,  reckoning  a  later 
period,  down  to  even  pre- Victorian  times)* 
to  be  canonized,  since  the  canonization  of 
Thomas  of  Hereford  took  place  sixty-seven 
years  later,  in  1320.  In  July,  1256,  a  com- 
mission of  Walter  de  Cantelupe,  Bishop  of 
Worcester,  Adam  Marsh,  and  the  provincial 
prior  of  the  Dominicans,  was  appointed  by 
Alexander  IV.  to  examine  the  life  and 
miracles  of  Richard  de  Wyche  (so  called  from. 


ii.  NOV.  20,  loo*.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


433 


i  little  town  called  Wyche  on  the  banks  of 
the  Salwarp,  and  near  the  borders  of  Faken- 
ham  Forest,  where  he  was  born).  On 
28  January,  1262,  at  Viterbo,  in  the  church 
rf  the  Franciscans,  Urban  IV.,  in  the  presence 
;>£  a  great  assembly,  declared  Richard  of 
Uhichester  formally  canonized  (Bliss,  *Cal. 
Papal  Letters,'  i.  376-7;  Wilkins,  'Con- 
cilia,' i.  743),  quoted  in  the  'Dictionary  of 
National  Biography,' s.v.  'Richard  de  Wyche.' 
See  also  an  exhaustive  account  in  Cardinal 
Newman's  *  Lives  of  the  English  Saints,' 
vol.  vi.  pp.  111-237. 

J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

As  to  the  claims  of  St.  Richard  of  Chichester, 
is  put  forward  by  MR.  DODGSON,  to  be  the 
last  Englishman  canonized,  see  the  Rev. 
W.  H.  Button's  Bampton  Lectures,  'The 
English  Saints,'  1903,  pp.  267-8,  where  the 
date  of  St.  Richard's  canonization  is  given  as 
1262.  L.  R,  M.  STBACHAN. 

Heidelberg,  Germany. 

"VINE"  INN,  HIGHGATE  ROAD  (10tl;  S.  ii. 
327). — For  two  short  accounts  of  this  inn  see 
1  St.  Pancras  Notes  and  Queries,'  pp.  84,  87. 

EVERARD  HOME   COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

Does  this  inn  still  exist  ?  I  think  not,  as 
it  does  not  occur  in  either  the  'London 
Directory  '  or  the  '  Suburban  Directory.'  It 
is  found,  however,  in  the  former  for  1879, 
when  Wm.  John  Sedgwick  was  the  landlord, 
and  it  was  numbered  86,  Highgate  Road.  I 
have  often  found  that  the  sign  of  the  "Vine" 
occurs  on  what  was  once  an  extensive  private 
— sometimes  ecclesiastical— estate,  where  the 
vine  was  actually  cultivated  formerly. 

J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

LISK  (10th  S.  ii.  G8).— The  name  of  this  family 
in  the  Scottish  records  is  spelt  variously— 
Lisk,  Leak,  Leysk,  Leisk,  Leosk,  Leask,  but 
most  often  the  second  of  these.  Probably 
it  is  derived  from  a  place  of  that  name  in 
Aberdeenshire,  called  Nether  Lesk.  The 
earliest  notice  of  a  person  of  this  name 
is  in  the  'Exchequer  Rolls  of  Scotland,' 
vols.  ix.  and  x.,  where  mention  is  made  of 
one  Alexander  Lesk,  his  name  occurring 
between  the  years  1484  and  1492.  He  is 
spoken  of  as  belonging  to  the  Isle  of  Sanday, 
in  the  Orkneys.  There  are  records,  in  Latin, 
of  his  pension,  and  of  swine,  barley,  &c.,  sup- 
plied by  him  to  the  Duke  of  Ross. 

I  find  no  further  reference  to  this  name 
until  the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth  centuries, 
when  it  becomes  frequent  between  the  dates 
1574  and  1622,  all  the  persons  bearing  it 
being  residents  in  Aberdeenshire. 


The  following  occur  in  the  4  Registers  of 
the  Privy  Council  of  Scotland  ':— 

1574,  2  Sept.  The  barons,  landowners,  <kc., 
bind  themselves  in  allegiance  to  James  VI., 
among  them  "  Williame  Lesk  of  that  Ilk." 

1594,  13  July.  Registration  not  to  harm 
"Williame  Mowat,  tacksman  in  the  Kirk- 
land  of  Fetterresso,"  subscribed  at  Urie  and 
Ferrochie  before  Andro  Hay,  Alexander 
Lesk,  &c. 

1594,  22  Sept.  Registration,  «fcc.,  subscribed 
at  Perth  before  Thomas  Lisk,  litster  (i.e., 
dyer),  burgess  there. 

1597.  Registration,  &c.,  "William  Lesk, 
fiar  of  that  Ilk." 

1599.  Banff  (Registration),  "  Henry  Leask, 
saddler  there";  also  in  1606,  "Henry  Lisk  in 
Banff,"  a  burgess  (bis). 

1601,  1605,  and  1607.  Three  notices  of 
Alexander  Lesk  (spelt  also  Leask),  "of  Ard- 
moir,"  who  was  a  procurator  or  notary 
public.  In  1621  his  name  occurs  again  as  a, 
witness,  when  he  is  spoken  of  as  "  sometime 
of  Ardmoir." 

1607, 11  Sept.  Gilbert  Leisk,  in  Fauchside. 

1619,  8  July.    In  a   cattle-maiming   case 
George  Bannerman,  of  Asleid,  "  accompanied 
by  Isobell  Lesk,  his  spouse." 

1620.  Complaint  against  Mr.  James  Leisk, 
minister  at  Cushny. 

1621-2.  William  Leask,  "  elder  of  that 
Ilk,"  called  "Laird  of  Lesk."  (A  commis- 
sion to  put  down  theft  in  the  "  Baronies  of 
Slaynes,  Turreff,  Over  and  Nether  Crudenis, 
Kymond  andCremond,"  belonging  to  Francis, 
eighth  Earl  of  Erroll,  14  March,  1622.)  All 
these  places  are,  I  think,  in  Aberdeenshire. 

1622,  28  March.  Complaint  by  William 
Lesk,  "  fiar  of  that  Ilk,"  against  his  servant 
James  Hay.  It  appears  that  Lesk  was  leav- 
ing his  own  house  in  Auchmad  to  go  to  his 
father's  house  in  Lesk,  "in  the  parish  of 
Crudane,"  on  4  Jan.,  when  he  was  wounded 
by  his  servant,  who  was  lying  in  wait  for 
him.  Afterwards  the  servant  killed  a  valu- 
able horse  in  his  (Leak's)  stable. 

There  are  further  references  to  this  family 
in  'Registrum  Magni  Sigilli  Regum  Sco- 
torum,'  in  the  three  volumes  which  cover 
1540  to  1608,  the  persons  named  being 
William  Lisk  and  Thomas  his  son,  Thomas 
Lesk,  Patrick  Leysk  (in  Haddoch),  Henry 
Lesk  (in  Fechill),  M.  Jac.  Lesk  (Rector  de- 
Colesteane),  «fcc.  There  appears  to  have  been 
a  William  Lesk,  who  had  a  son  Thomas,  the 
latter's  wife  being  named  Barbara,  of  the 
family  of  Mowat.  This  William  had  besides 
a  nephew  William,  whose  wife  was  Elizabeth, 
her  maiden  name  being  Keith. 

CHR.  WATSON. 


434 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  NOV.  26, 


SEMI-EFFIGIES  (10th  S.  ii.  269).— At  pp.  176-8 
of  'Memorials  of  the  West,'  by  W.  H.  Hamil- 
ton Rogers,  F.S.A.  (Exeter,  1888),  there  is  a 
-description  and  an  excellent  illustration  of 
one  of  these  monuments,  but  it  appears  to  be 
different  from  those  mentioned  in  my  query 
.as  existing  at  Lichfield,  in  that  it  is  described 
.as  a  slab,  and  therefore  presumably  resting 
in  a  horizontal  position,  while  those  at  Lich- 
field are  embedded  in  the  wall  and  rest 
vertically  on  their  sides,  the  faces  of  the 
monuments  being  almost  flush  with  the  wall ; 
the  two  apertures  disclosing  the  head  and 
ieet  (where  still  existing)  of  the  figures  in 
recumbent  postures,  the  figures  lying  on 
their  backs.  Another  difference  is  that  the 
•openings  are  trefoil-headed  instead  of  right- 
angular. 

The  following  is  from  Mr.  Rogers's  book 
referred  to  : — 

"  Digress  we  for  a  time  here  to  notice  a  contem- 
porary and  remarkable  monument occurring  in 

a  chantry  on  the  North  side  of  the  chancel  of  the 
parish  church  of  North-Brize  in  Oxfordshire, 
erected  to  feir  John  Daubygne,  and  dated  1340. 

"On  a  large  sepulchral  slab  are  two  deep-sunk 
trefoil-arched  compartments  or  openings,  one  at 
«ach  end,  and  within  them  is  sculptured  the  repre- 
sentation of  the  upper  and  lower  extremities  of  a 
Knight 

"  In  the  lower  opening  are  shown  the  legs  from 
just  below  the  knee,  with  the  feet  resting  on  a 
lion 

"  The  central  space  between  the  two  openings 
is  occupied  with  a  large  heraldic  achievement, 
supplemented  below  with  two  smaller  shields 

"Around  the  edge  [i.e.,  of  the  slab]  is  this 
inscription  [which  is  then  set  out] " 

But  few  of  these  semi-effigial  monuments 
exist,  and  the  intention  seemingly  was  to 
show  the  deceased  person  in  a  coffin  or  bier, 
with  his  armorial  insignia  over  him. 

H.  W.  UNDERDOWN. 

In- 'The  Cathedral  Church  of  Lichfield  :  a 
Description  of  its  Fabric  and  a  Brief  History 
of  the  Episcopal  See,'  by  A.  B.  Clifton 
'(London,  Bell  &  Sons,  1898),  there  is  a 
description  of  "  the  most  curious  monument 
in  the  cathedral  "  on  pp.  92-4,  which  may  to 
some  extent  answer  your  correspondent's 
questions.  F.  E.  R.  POLLARD-URQUHART. 

Castle  Pollard,  Westmeath. 

"  COME,  LIVE  WITH  ME  "  (10th  S.  ii.  89,  153). 
—  MR.  BAYNE'S  reference  does  not  convince 
me.  "  Fayre  lined  "  may  be  good  English, 
but  is  not  very  apposite  to  the  word  "  cold." 
However,  I  am  not  writing  this  to  press 
my  absurd  suggestion  to  the  point  of  revul- 
sion, but  to  protest,  in  a  mild  sort  of  way, 
against  MR.  BAYNE'S  contrasting  of  "the 
poet's  imagery  with  the  prosaic  details  of  his 
father's  trade."  There  is  nothing  prosaic 


about  work  which  has  all  the  higher  elements 
of  poesy  in  it  if  the  worker  brings  to  it  an 
artistic  feeling.  In  fact,  nothing  more 
poetical  can  be  conceived  than  the  making 
of  a  pair  of  dainty  shoes  or  slippers  for  some 
beauty.  In  a  country  like  ours,  maintained 
by  commerce  and  mechanical  arts,  it  is  time 
that  the  old  absurd  ideas  about  the  de- 
grading effects  of  trade  upon  consanguinity 
were  cast  into  limbo.  At  some  period  every 
man's  ancestor  was  a  hunter  or  savage,  and 
therefore  "in  trade."  M.  L.  R.  BRESLAR. 

"GRANT  ME,  INDULGENT  HEAVEN"  (10tb  S. 
ii.  309).  —  The  lines  beginning  with  these 
words  remind  us  of  Cowley's  style,  and  are 
perhaps  a  variation  of  those  printed  in  his 
4  Poetical  Blossoms  '  (1633)  under  the  title  of 
'A  Vote.'  This  poem  consists  of  eleven 
stanzas,  the  last  three  of  which  are  as 
follows  :  — 

This  only  grant  me,  that  my  means  may  lie 
Too  low  for  envy,  for  contempt  too  high. 

Some  honour  I  would  have, 
Not  from  great  deeds,  but  good  alone. 
Th  ignote  are  better  than  ill  known. 

Rumour  can  ope  the  grave  ; 

Acquaintance  I  would  have,  but  when  't  depends 
Not  from  the  number,  but  the  choice  of  friends. 

Books  should,  not  business,  entertain  the  light, 
And  sleep,  as  undisturbed  as  death,  the  night. 
My  house  a  cottage,  more 


Than  palace,  and  should  fitting  be 
For  all  my  use,  not  luxury. 
My  garden  painted  o'er 
' 


With  Nature's  hand,  not  Art's,  and  pleasures  yield, 
Horace  might  envy  in  his  Sabine  field. 

Thus  would  I  double  my  life's  fading  space, 
For  he  that  runs  it  well  twice  runs  his  race. 

And  in  this  true  delight, 
These  unbought  sports,  and  happy  state, 
I  would  not  fear,  nor  wish  my  fate, 

But  boldly  say  each  night, 
To-morrow  let  my  sun  his  beams  display, 
Or  in  clouds  hide  them  :  I  have  lived  to-day.  * 

So  wrote  Cowley  when  he  was  only  thirteen 
years  of  age.  In  1647  '  The  Mistress  ;  or, 
Several  Copies  of  Love  -  Verses,'  was  pub- 
lished, among  which  there  is  a  poem  entitled 
*  The  Wish,'  containing  five  stanzas.  From 
this  I  will  quote  the  second,  which  will  show 
that,  though  his  years  were  doubled,  his 
yearning  after  a  country  retreat  was  un- 
changed :— 

Ah,  yet,  E're  I  descend  to  th'  Grave 
May  I  a  small  House,  and  large  Garden  have  ! 
And  a  few  Friends,  and  many  Books,  both  true, 
Both  wise,  and  both  delightfull  too  ! 
And  since  Love  ne're  will  from  me  flee, 


See 


Prof.     Arber's      'Jonson     Anthology,' 
He  quotes  from  the  second  edition 
ot  tiie"  'Poetical  Blossoms,'  1636,  but  I  have  not 
followed  his  curious  punctuation. 


pp.  259- 
if 


io*s.  ii.  NOV.  •-'.;,  low.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


435 


A  mistress  moderately  fair, 
And  good  as  Guardian  Angels  are, 
Only  belov'd,  and  loving  me  ! 

This  latter  wish  was  never  gratified,  for  it 
was  an  '"impossible  she"  on  whom  he  had 
fixed  his  eyes.  In  his  charming  essay  4Of 
My  Self '  perhaps  the  last  thing  that  Cowley 
wrote,  ne  is  as  full  of  enthusiasm  for  a 
country  life  as  he  was  in  his  boyhood.  He 
says  :— 

"  That  I  was  then  of  the  same  mind  as  I  am  now 
(which  I  confess,  I  wonder  at  my  self)  may  appear 
at  the  latter  end  of  an  Ode,  which  I  made  when  I 
was  but  thirteen  years  old,  and  which  was  then 
printed  with  many  other  Verses.  The  beginning  of 
it  is  boyish,  but  of  this  part  which  I  here  set  down 
(if  a  very  little  were  corrected)  I  should  hardly  now 
be  much  ashamed." 

And  then  he  quotes  the  three  stanzas  from 

*  A  Vote '  with  slight  changes,  such  as  "  un- 
known "  for  ignotei  and  "  no  Luxurie"  instead 
of  not  luxury.     His  last  words  are  these  :— 

Nee  vos  dulcissima  mundi 
Nomina,  vos  MUSJC,  Libert  as,  Otia,  Libri, 
Hortique  Sylvajque  anima  remanente  relinquam. 

Nor  by  me  e'r  shall  you, 
You  of  all  Names  the  sweetest  and  the  best, 
You  Muses,  Books,  and  Liberty  and  Rest ; 
You  Gardens,  Fields,  and  Woods  forsaken  be, 
As  long  as  Life  it  self  forsakes  not  me. 

All  my  quotations,  except  the  first,  are  taken 
from  a  copy  of  Bishop  Sprat's  edition  (the 
fourth,  1674)  of  Cowley's  works,  which  is 
enriched  by  the  manuscript  annotations  of 
Dr.  Hurd,  who  also  attained  episcopal 
dignity.  The  latter  carefully  verifies  the 
Latin  quotations,  but  he  says  nothing  about 
the  verses  given  above  in  that  language, 
which  do  not  seem  to  be  of  classic  origin  and 
are,  I  believe,  the  poet's  own,  drawn  from  his 

*  Plantarum  Libri  Duo,'  printed  in  1662. 

I  am  unable  to  give  the  author  of  the  lines 
sent  by  MR.  HICHAM,  but  I  think  I  have  said 
enough  to  show  that,  if  they  were  not  com- 
posed by  Abraham  Cowley,  they  must  have 
oeen  written  by  an  imitator  of  his  style. 
Though  the  delights  of  a  rural  retreat  have 
been  celebrated  by  Horace,  Virgil,  Martial, 
and  Claudian  ('  Old  Man  of  Verona ')  in  par- 
ticular passages,  all  of  them  admirably  trans- 
lated by  our  poet,  he  may  be  said  to  have 
made  the  subject  peculiarly  his  own,  for  his 
thoughts  were  ever  dwelling  on  it  from  his 
early  boyhood  until  he  caught  cold  in  the 
Chertsey  meadows,  and,  as  Dr.  Sprat  says  : 
"At  last  his  death  was  occasioned  by  his 
very  delight  in  the  Country  and  the  Fields, 
•which  he  had  long  fancied  above  all  other 
Pleasures."  JOHN  T.  CURRY. 

HERMIT'S  CRUCIFIX  (10th  S.  ii.  228).— The 
notches  or  conventionalized  leaves  with 


which  the  crucifix  in  the  Car  Cliff  Cave, 
Derbyshire,  is  described  by  MR.  AcKERLEYa* 
being  ornamented,  are  a  peculiarity  in  the 
carving,  not  itself  any  mark  of  date.  But  a 
high  authority  apparently,  writing  in  the 
Penny  Post  for  1  July,  1890,  observes  that 
examples  of  the  form,  which  is  known  in 
heraldry  by  the  term  "  raguly :'— {.• .,  the 
edges  of  the  cross  are  made  to  have  the 
appearance  of  lopped  trees  — would  not 
probably  be  found  earlier  than  the  fourteenth 
century.  "A  cross  is  similarly  represented 
on  a  tomb  of  this  date,"  says  the  same  writer, 

"in  Bredon  Church,  in  Warwickshire,  and  has 
been  set  up  in  the  chancel.  The  wooded  district 
may  have  suggested  this  form  of  the  cross  to  be 
more  appropriate,  and  bring  to  the  mind  of  the 
Anchorite  the  words  of  the  ancient  hymn  by 
Venantius  :— 

Dicendo  nationibus  Regnavit  in  ligno  Deus  ; 
translated,     or    rather    paraphrased,    in   '  Hymns 
Ancient  and  Modern  '— 

How  God  the  heathen's  King  should  be, 
For  God  is  reigning  from  the  Tree.' 

J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

SUPPRESSION  OF  DUELLING  IN  EM;LAXJ» 
(10th  S.  ii.  367).— Much  information  on  this 
subject  may  be  derived  from  the  following 
sources : — 

1.  Clifford  Walton's  *  History  of  the  British 
Standing  Army,  1660-1700,'  p.  583. 

2.  Steele's   papers   in    the  Spectator    and 
Guardian,  1711-13. 

3.  John    Cockburn's    '  History   of  Duels, 
Shewing  their  Heinous  Nature  and  the  Neces- 
sity of  Suppressing  them,3  1720.     Especially 
p.  352.     The  author  was  well  known  in  1G89 
as  the  Jacobite  minister  of  Ormiston. 

4.  *  Cautions   and    Advices,'    by   an    old 
Officer,  1760.     Especially  pp.  154-69. 

5.  'Duelling,'  by  Granville  Sharp,  second 
edition,  1790.  The  preface  to  the  first  edition, 
dated  1773,  says  that  the  practice  of  duelling 
has  of  late  years  increased  to  a  most  alarm- 
ing degree.    The  tract  deals  chiefly  with  the 
state  of  the  law  as  to    manslaughter  and 
murder. 

6.  *  Duelling  and  the  Laws  of  Honour,   by 
J.  C.  Bluett,  1836.  Especially  chap.ix.,  where 
suggestions  are  made  for  constituting  "courts 
of  honour,"  and  forming  k'  societies  "  for  the 
express  purpose  of  opposing  the  practice  of 
duelling.     At  p.  151  of  the  second  edition 
of  this  little  book  it  is  suggested  that  her 
gracious  Majesty  the    Queen    should,  with 
the  approbation  of  her  royal  consort,  declare 
her  detestation  of  this  crime,  and  refu- 
el uellist  admission  to  her  drawing-room.  Her 
example  might  be  a  powerful  instrument  in 
lessening  this  great  national  sin.    Ladies  of 


436 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  NOV.  26, 1904, 


every  rank  would  soon  follow  her  steps,  arid 
thus  a  new  tone  would  be  given  to  society. 

7.  'General  Orders,'    'Horse  Guards  Cir- 
culars,' 'Articles  of  War.'    Especially  of  the 
period  1835-45. 

8.  *  Duelling  Days  in  the  Army,'  by  William 
Douglas,  1887.    Especially  the  preface  and 
pp.  235,  267.     The  author  says  that  the  prac- 
tice took  a  long  time  to  die  out  in  the  British 
service ;  the  regulations  were  rendered  com- 
pletely unavailing   by  long-established  cus- 
tom,  and   merely  caused  a    mock    kind  of 
concealment.    When  an  officer  was  wounded 
in  a  duel,  it  was  represented  to  the  authori- 
ties— although  every  man  in  the  corps  knew 
otherwise — that  he  had  sprained  his  ankle  or 
broken  his  leg ;  and  when  one  of  the  com- 
batants fell,  it  was  only  put  down  to  disease — 
at  home,  apoplexy  ;  abroad,  cholera  or  fever. 
The  author  adds  that  duelling  was  gradually 
dying    a    natural  death    in  England  when 
Queen  Victoria  ascended  the  throne  in  1837, 
but  still  flourished  in  India.  W.  S. 

Mr.  Carl  A.  Thimm's  'Complete  Biblio- 
graphy of  the  Art  of  Fence,  comprising 

Duelling,'  1891  (second  edition,  1896),  serves 
as  a  verv  good  guide  to  the  literature  of  this 
subject.  W.  C.  B. 

HAZEL  OR  HESSLE  PEAKS  (10th  S.  ii.  349). 
— Some  thirty  years  ago  Mr.  James  Tate 
contributed  to  the  Proceedings  of  the  Ber- 
wickshire Naturalists'  Club  a  very  interesting 
article  on  Jedburgh  pears,  in  which  the 
following  is  noted  :— 

"Along  the  north  side  of  the  town  is  a  locality 
called  '  The  Friars,'  where  some  gardens  belonging 
to  the  monks  have  been  situated,  and  in  which  are 
some  old  pear  trees.  In  this  orchard  is  a  Hesse] 
Pear  tree,  the  first  introduced  into  the  district,  anc 
which  came  direct  from  Hull,  when  the  species  was 
imported  from  the  Continent.  The  tree  is  not  very 
well  grown,  and  Mr.  Deans  has  a  better  specimer 
in  his  nursery.  The  fruit  is  turbinate  shaped,  o 
rather  small  size,  but  tender,  sweet,  and  juicy 
with  a  pleasant  aroma.  It  is  ripe  in  October." 

The  Mr.  Deans  referred   to  above  was  a 
most   noted  cultivator  of    fruit    trees.    H 
introduced    into    Jedburgh    William's    Bon 
Chretien  pear,  a  graft  of  which  was  sen 
him  in  a  letter  from  London. 

Jedburgh  has  long  been  noted  for  its  frui 
trees.    In  1773  Dr.  John  Walker  wrote  from 
Moffat  to  Lord  Kames,  "  There  is  more  frui 
about  Jedburgh,  and  more  fruit-bearing  wooc 
upon  the  trees,  than  I  have  seen  in  any  othe 
part  of  Scotland."    The  oldest  of  the  orchards 
were  laid  out  by  the  monks  in  the  pristine 
days  of  the  abbey.    Some  of  the  trees   were 
(in   1813)  about  thirty  or  forty   feet  high. 
The  kinds  chiefly  cultivated  were  the  Auchan, 


jongueville,  Crawford,  Lammas,  Warden,. 
3onchretien,  Bergamot,  Gallert,  Jargonelle, 
St.  Catharine,  Green  Chisel,  Drummond, 

rey  Gudwife,  Pound  Pear,  Green  Honey, 
Mother  Cobe,  Worry  Carle,  and  Green  Yair. 
So  widespread  was  the  fame  of  these  pears 
hat  they  found  a  ready  market  at  one  time 
n  the  streets  of  London.  In  the  garden  of 
Abbey  Grove  there  is  still  the  stump  of  a. 
pecimen  of  the  "Monks'  Warden,"  which 
within  the  last  twenty  years  bore  fruit.  At 
ne  time  it  was  quite  a  common  occurrence- 
o  hear  in  Newcastle-on-Tyne  the  cry  of 
'  Fine  Jethart  Burgundy  pears.'"' 

A  further  quotation  may  be  made  from 
Mr.  Tate's  article  : — 

"Of  the  ancient  kinds,  there  is  one  called  the 
Worry  Carle,'  of  which  no  specimen  remains  in 
Tedburgh,  but  there  is  or  lately  was  one  at  Ancrum, 
-hree  miles  distant.    The  trees  are  said  to  have 
)een  extremely  prolific,  but  the  fruit  was  so  woody 
s  to  be  uneatable,  and  after  long  keeping,  the 
)ears  had  to  be  boiled,  like  potatoes,  before  being 
ised.     Tradition   says    that   on    one   occasion    a 
Jedburgh    market   gardener    took   a   cartload    of 
*  Worry  Carles '    across  the  border   to   a  fair   at 
Wooler,  and  the  country  people  readily  purchased 
the  Jedburgh  pears  ;  but  as  the  honest  burgher 
trotted  homeward  in  the  evening,  he  was  pelted  all 
along  the  road  by  the  disgusted  purchasers,  who 
had  tried  in  vain  to  masticate  the  hard  knots  of 
pears.    Mr.  Deans  [already  referred  to]  relates  that 
his  father  once  had  a  large  quantity  of  the  Worry 
Carle  pear  in  his  possession,  which  he  laid  past  in 
a  corner  of  his  stable,  and  there  they  lay  for  twelve 
months,  without  any  apparent  change,  their  dusky- 
green  colour  being  nearly  as  fresh  as  when  they 
were  taken  from  the  tree.     As  they  continued  hard 
and  insipid,  he  thought  of  boiling  them,  after  which 
they  became  very  eatable,  and  as  sweet  as  honey. 
This  seems  to  confirm   the  idea  that  the  monks 
used  the  pears  as  a  staple  article  of  food,  just  as  we 
now  use  turnips  and  potatoes  ;  and  for  that  reason 
they  chose  a  kind  which  was  sure  to  produce  a  crop 
even  in  the  worst  of  seasons.    Thus  they  would  be 
valuable  articles  of  food  at  a  time  when  the  means 
of  subsistence  were  not  over  abundant." 

J.  LINDSAY  HILSON. 
Jedburgh  Public  Library. 

The  word  "hazal"  means  dry,  and  the 
pears  alluded  to  by  J.  T.  F.  are  dry  pears,  as 
distinguished  from  juicy  or  sweet  ones. 

CHAS.  F.  FOKSHAW,  LL.D, 

Is  it  not  almost  certain  that  "hazel"  refers 
to  the  colour  of  the  fruit1?  My  experience 
of  this  kind  of  pear  is  that  it  is  not  only 
"hardy,';  but  hard  to  the  teeth.  Dr.  John- 
son's '  Dictionary  '  gives  two  instances  of  the 
word  used  adjectivally  : — 

"Chuse  a  warm  dry  soil,  that  has  a  good  depth 
of  light  hazel  mould.— Mortimer." 

"Uplands  consist  either  of  sand,  gravel,  chalk, 
rock  or  stone,  hazelly  loam,  clay,  or  black  mould. 
—Mortimer." 


io"  s.  ii.  NOV.  -j.i,  low.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


437 


Hazely-brickearth  is  a  kind  of  loam  found 
in  some  parts  of  Essex,  and  "hazel-oil"  is 
&  severe  beating  (with  a  hazel  rod). 

J.   HOLDEN  AlACMlCHAEL. 
[See  'H.E.D.'  for  "hazel-oil."] 

BOOK  OF  LEGAL  PRECEDENTS,  1725-50  (10th 
S.  ii.  365).— The  Samuel  Barr  here  mentioned 
is  a  misreading  for  Samuel  Parr,  father  of 
Dr.  Samuel  Parr  the  scholar,  and  son-in-law 
and  successor  at  Harrow  of  Leonard  Mignard, 
descendant  of  one  of  the  French  refugees  of 
1685.  The  elder  Samuel  was  an  ardent 
Jacobite,  and  in  1745  gave  800^.— nearly  his 
whole  fortune— to  the  Young  Pretender. 

A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

'PRAYER  FOR  INDIFFERENCE'  (10th  S.  ii. 
268,  335).  —  I  noted  at  the  Salford  Free 
Reference  Library  a  query  *A  Prayer  for 
Indifference.'  I  enclose  you  what  is  wanted. 

H.  J.  OLDHAM. 

24,  Gay  thorn  Street,  Salford. 

[We  have  received  the  poems,  which  appear  in 
•Elegant  Extracts,'  book  ii.  pp.  421,  4(>3,  and  have 
duly  returned  them.  We  regret  that  the  poems 
are  far  too  long  to  give  them  space  in  our  pages. 
They  are  three  in  number :  '  A  Prayer  for  Indiffer- 
ence ' ;  *  The  Fairy's  Answer  to  Mrs.  Greville's 

Prayer  for  Indifference,'  by  the  Countess  of  C ; 

and  'Address  to  Indifference,'  by  Mrs.  Yearsley.] 

GOVERNOR  STEPHENSON  OF  BENGAL  (10th 
S.  ii.  348). — No  one  bearing  the  name  of 
Stephenson  or  Stevenson  was  Governor  of 
Bengal  from  the  date  that  office  was  created 
in  July,  1682,  up  to  20  October,  1774,  when 
the  office  was  merged  into  that  of  Governor- 
General  of  India. 

There  was  in  Bengal  a  sea-captain,  Francis 
Stevenson,  who  perished  in  the  Black  Hole 
of  Calcutta,  or  was  killed  in  the  fighting 
previous  to  that  tragedy  in  June,  1756  ;  and 
it  is,  of  course,  quite  possible  that  there  may 
have  been  another  person  of  the  same  name 
who  acted  as  chief,  or  upon  the  council,  of 
one  of  the  factories  which  the  East  India 
Company  established  in  Bengal  during  the 
earlier  part  of  the  eighteenth  century,  such 
as  Kasimbazar,  Hugli,  Dacca,  &c.,  and  was 
locally  called  governor.  The  undersigned 
would  gladly  help  S.  to  identify  the  person 
he  seeks  if  he  would  communicate  more  par- 
ticulars, privately  or  otherwise. 

F.  DE  H.  L. 

MANOR  COURT  OF  EDWINSTOWE,  NOTTS 
(10th  S.  ii.  226,  353).— The  above  wills  are 
deposited  at  the  Nottingham  Probate  Registry ; 
among  them  is  an  administration  of  Christo- 
pher Capperne,  1641,  a  copy  of  which  could 
be  procured  on  application  to  the  registrar. 
NATHANIEL  HONE. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &o. 
Three  Generation*  of  Fa*' mating  Women,  and  olh>  r 

Sketches  from  Family  History.    By  Lady  Russell. 

With  Illustrations.  (Longmans  &  Co.) 
Tins  lovely  and  deeply  interesting  volume  is  another 
contribution  to  family  and  general  history  by  Con- 
stance Charlotte  Eliza,  Lady  Russell,  the  historian 
of  Swallowfield,  her  picturesque  and  historical 
family  residence,  and  a  well-known  and  highly- 
valued  contributor  to  our  pages.  For  her  '  Swallow- 
field  and  its  Owners,'  a  companion  volume  to  the 
present,  the  reader  is  referred  to  9th  S.  vii.  498,  a 
notice  which,  if  he  does  not  own  the  earlier  volume, 
he  is  counselled  to  read  before  undertaking  the 
perusal  of  the  present  work.  As  to  how  far 
the  contents  are  made  up  from  family  records  we 
are  unable  to  state.  More  knowledge  than  we 
possess  or  than  is  easily  accessible  is  necessary 
to  trace  the  ramifications  of  the  Russell 
pedigree.  Lady  Rufesell  herself  is  a  daughter  of 
Lord  Arthur  Lennox,  and  a  grandchild  of  a  Duke 
of  Richmond.  Through  this  parentage  she  is  thus 
brought  into  closest  association  with  half  the 
peerage,  and  much  of  the  oldest  nobility  of  Eng- 
land and  France  is  closely  connected  with  her 
family.  No  information  as  to  the  connexion  with 
the  Russells  of  the  highborn  and  lovely  ladies  with 
whom  she  deals  is  directly  afforded,  though  such  is 
easily  obtained  in  perusal ;  her  preface  occupies 
but  one  short  page,  tells  one  nothing  that  is  personal, 
and  is  only  remarkable  for  a  display  of  modesty 
which  is  as  characteristic  as  uncommon.  In  behalf 
of  a  work  that  is  delightful  to  read,  and  enables  us 
to  mix  with  those  most  distinguished  in  the  records 
of  history,  literature,  and  fashion  during  the  eigh- 
teenth century— a  work  that  the  man  of  taste  as  well 
as  the  student  will  place  on  his  shelves  with  a  glow 
of  satisfaction— Lady  Russell  only  says  that  she 
trusts  that  her  sketches  "will  be  found  beneath 
criticism,  '  For  who  would  break  a  fly  upon  the 
wheel  ? ' "  The  italics  in  this  remarkable  utterance 
are  ours. 

The  three  generations  of  "fascinating  women" 
consist  of  the  Hon.  Mary  Bellenden,  Caroline/ 
Countess  of  Ailesbury,  and  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Darner. 
The  first  of  these,  the 

Smiling  Mary,  soft  and  fair  as  down, 
of  Gay,  was  the  most  distinguished  of  the  "  four 
Beautys  "  named  by  "the  town,  or  perhaps  them- 
selves," as  maids  of  honour  on  the  arrival,  in  1714, 
of  Caroline  of  Anspach,  Princess  of  Wales.  To  this 
post  she  was  duly  appointed.  Pope,  after  dining 
with  her  at  Hampton  Court,  gives  a  sad  account  of 
the  depressing  life  she  had  to  lead.  Over  her 
annoyances  she  seems  to  have  triumphed,  since  in 
4  The  Excellent  New  Ballad  '  it  is  told  how 
Bellenden  we  needs  must  praise, 

Who,  as  down  the  stairs  she  jumps, 
Sings  "O'er  the  hills  and  far  away. 

Despising  doleful  dumps. 

Compensations  of  a  sort  there  were.  Gay  read  to 
Mary  Belleuden  and  Molly  Lepell  'The  Beggar  V 
Opera,'  and  Swift  communicated  to  them  'Gulli- 
ver's Travels.'  Lord  Hervey  called  Mary  "the 
most  agreeable,  the  most  insinuating,  and  tlu- 
most  likeable  woman  of  her  time";  and  tin 
Prince,  afterwards  George  II.,  sought  to  make  love 


438 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


s.  n.  NOV.  20,  190*. 


to  her,  and  was  firmly  and  artistically  snubbed 
for  his  pains.    She  married  privately  "Handsome 
Jack  Campbell,"  an  imprudent  match,  which  turned 
out  well,  since  he  became  Duke  of  Argyll.     Dying 
in  1736,  aged  forty-one,  she  left  four  sons  and  one 
daughter,  Caroline,  who,  at  the  age  of  eighteen, 
married  Lord  Bruce,  subsequently  Earl  of  Ailes- 
bury,  a  "  cross,  covetous  "  man  of  fifty-seven.    He 
died  eight  years  later,  leaving  her  a  well-jointured 
widow,  who  espoused  in  second  nuptials  the  Hon. 
Henry  Seymour  Con  way,  with  whom  she  had  a  long 
and  happy  life,  entertaining  Horace  Walpole  and 
many  celebrities.    Of  the  wife,  Madame  du  Deffand 
says  in  her  '  Memoirs  '  that  she  is  "  certainement  la 
meilleure  des  femmes,  la  plus  douce,   et  la  plus 
tendre,"  while  of  Conway  Walpole  says  that  when 
he  was  made  Field-Marshal  he  was  generally  called 
44  the  divine  Marshal."    When  her  daughter  by  her 
first    husband   married    the   Duke   of    Richmond, 
Horace  Walpole  said  :  4t  It  is  the  prettiest  match 
in  the  world ;  youth,  beauty,  riches,  alliances,  and 
all  the  blood  of  all  the  kings  from  Robert  Bruce  to 
Charles  II.    They  are  the  prettiest  couple  in  Eng- 
land,  excepting  the   father-in-law    and    mother." 
Anne  Seymour  Conway,  the  daughter  of  the  afore- 
mentioned, and  consequently  the  third  in  descent, 
was  more  intelligent  and  not  less  fascinating  than 
her  mother  and  grandmother,  though  their  inferior 
in  beauty.    She  married  the  Hon.  John  Darner,  son 
of  Lord  Milton,  afterwards  Lord  Dorchester,  and 
attained  much  excellence  as  a  sculptor.     Walpole 
left  her  Strawberry  Hill   and  2,000/r.  a  year,  and 
constituted  her  his  residuary  legatee.    On  a  figure 
of  the  Osprey  of  her  execution  at  Strawberry  Hill 
Walpole  inscribed : — 

Non  me  Praxiteles  fecit  sed  [at  ?]  Anna  Darner. 
Concerning  these  three  charming  ladies,  their  asso- 
ciations and  surroundings,  Lady  Russell  tells  all  that 
she  knows.  Her  record  is  accompanied  by  between 
sixty  and  seventy  illustrations,  chiefly  in  photo- 
gravure, from  portraits  at  Swallowfield  House  and 
elsewhere.  The  frontispiece  consists  of  a  reproduction 
of  an  exquisite  portrait  of  Jane  Maxwell,  Duchess  of 
Gordon,  byRomney.  Numerous  portraits  of  the  ladies 
we  have  mentioned  are  given  from  Inverary  and 
elsewhere.  Among  the  most  interesting  in  the 
early  portion  of  the  volume  are  Sir  Peter  Lely's 
Mary,  Countess  of  Dalhousie,  the  mother  of  Mary 
Bellenden ;  Mary  Bellenden  herself,  by  Sir  Godfrey 
Kneller  ;  John,  Duke  of  Argyll,  her  husband,  by 
Gainsborough ;  Mary,  Duchess  of  Richmond,  by 
Angelica  Kauffmann';  Field-Marshal  H.  S.  Conway, 
by  Gainsborough ;  and  Mrs.  Darner,  by  Angelica 
Kauffmann.  Very  far  are  the  records  or  the  por- 
traits from  confining  themselves  to  the  ladies 
named  and  their  immediate  connexions.  Much 
information,  some  of  it  new,  is  supplied  concerning 
the  beautiful  Miss  Gunnings,  of  whom,  and  of  their 
close  connexions,  portraits  are  supplied.  The  story 
is  told  afresh,  and  in  most  interesting  fashion,  of  Miss 
Mary  Blandy,  who  was  hanged  for  the  murder  of  her 
father,  and  portraits  of  her  and  of  the  Hon.  Captain 
Cranstoun,  by  whom  she  was  led  into  the  crime,  are 
furnished.  Prints  presenting  the  execution  of  Lord 
Ferrers  at  Tyburn,  and  his  body  in  his  coffin, 
are  also  supplied.  Portraits  appear  of  Lord 
\Vhitworth  and  other  members  of  a  family  with 
which  the  Russells  of  Swallowfield  are  closely 
allied.  Far  less  than  justice  is  done  by  us  to  a 
book  which  in  every  respect  is  entitled  to  regard 
and  admiration.  All  know  how  small  is  the  space 
we  can  assign  to  literature,  and  how  many  are  the 


demands  upon  it.  We  congratulate  Lady  Russell 
upon  the  production  of  an  admirable  work;  we; 
congratulate  Messrs.  Longman  on  the  way  in  which 
it  is  produced  ;  and  we  congratulate  ourselves  upon 
the  possession  of  this  book  and  its  predecessor. 
Most  heartily  do  we  commend  the  volume  to 
perusal  and  purchase. 

The  Life  and  Opinions  of  John  Buncle,  Esquire. 

By  Thomas  Amory.     With  an  Introduction  by 

Ernest  A.  Baker,  M.A.     (Routledge  &  Sons.) 
The.  Adventure*   of  Don   Sylvi-o  de  Rosalva.     By 

C.  M.  Wieland.    With  an  Introduction  by  Ernest 

A.  Baker,  M.A.  (Same  publishers.) 
'  THE  LIFE  AND  OPINIONS  or  JOHN  BUNCLE  '  of 
Thomas  Amory  has  been  added  to  Messrs. 
Routledge's  "Library  of  Early  Novelists."  With, 
a  slightly  different  title  it  first  saw  the  light 
in  1756-66,  and  it  has  since  been  more  than  once 
reprinted.  Half  forgotten,  indeed,  it  is,  yet  we 
should  hesitate  to  say,  with  its  new  editor,  that 
it  has  never  been  popular.  We  read  it  fifty  to- 
sixty  years  ago,  and  have  never  been  without  a 
copy  on  our  shelves,  though,  we  grant,  in  no  very 
accessible  position.  It  has  been  highly  praised  bjr 
Hazlitt,  Lamb,  Coleridge,  and  Leigh  Hunt,  who- 
should  secure  its  immortality.  The  most  discri- 
minating praise  of  Buncle  is  given  by  the  Retro- 
spectire  Review,  a  work  which  modern  criticism- 
has  thought  fit  to  neglect,  but  to  which  it  will  have 
to  recur.  To  this  periodical  Mr.  Baker  briefly  refers. 
The  editor  might,  when  dealing  with  the  question, 
of  Buncle's  alleged  madness,  have  quoted  the 
passage  (vol.  vi.  part  i.  p.  101)  of  the  Review  in 
question  :  "  Insane,  indeed !  We  would  a  thousand 
thousand  times  rather  be  gifted  with  the  insanity 
that  produced  this  book  than  with  such  faculties 
as  made  the  discovery  of  his  being  so."  We  trust 
no  attempt  has  been  made  to  expurgate  a  book 
which  Coleridge  compared  to  Rabelais,  but  which 
is  much  closer  akin  to  Pepys.  One  cannot  find 
time  instanter  to  correct  oneself  by  a  reperusal  of 
the  pages.  Something  of  the  kind  we  have  in  con- 
templation when,  if  ever,  a  period  or  an  interval  of 
leisure  is  obtained.  As  it  appears  to  be  scarce,  the 
reproduction  is  in  all  respects  judicious. 

Much  scarcer  is  the  translation  of  Wieland'a 
'Adventures  of  Don  Sylvio  de  Rosalva,'  which' 
appears  in  the  same  commendable  series.  Beyond 
reading  occasionally,  in  a  catalogue  of  second-hand 
books,  the  title  of  this  work,  which  was  first  issued 
in  the  original  in  1714,  and  in  English  in  1773,  we 
were  unacquainted  with  it,  though  we  find  that  we 
possess  a  rendering  of  it  into  French  by  Madame 
d'Ussieux,  in  the  delightful  and  finely  illustrated 
8vo  edition  of  4  Le  Cabinet  des  Fees.'  It  appears, 
as  Mr.  Baker  says,  in  vol.  xxxvi.  This  is  not,  how- 
ever, as  he  states,  the  last  volume  of  the  work. 
4  Le  Cabinet  des  Fees '  is  in  forty-one  volumes, 
which  we  have  seen  sold  for  as  many  pounds.  Wie- 
land's  romance  is  a  curious  modernization  of  the 
'Don  Quixote'  of  Cervantes,  a  work  often  con- 
tinued or  altered,  among  the  first  to  deal  with  it 
being  Beaumont  and  Fletcher  in  '  The  Knight  of 
the  Burning  Pestle.'  It  well  deserves  republication. 
The  series  of  reproductions  thus  begun  promises 
to  be  one  of  the  most  attractive  of  modern  days. 
It  will,  we  see,  include  the  "  Heptameron,'  the 
'Decameron,'  'Guzman  d'Alfarache,'  and  Mrs. 
Behn's  once-popular  'Oroonoko.'  Some  of  the 
Picaresque  novels  are  to  be  commended  to  the 
editor. 


10*  s.  ii.  NOV.  26, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


439 


'/•/,<  L'ifi-  <>f  Margaret  Godolphin.    By  John  Evelyn. 

(De  La  More  Press.) 

To  the  "King's  Classics,"  issued  from  the  new 
address  by  the  De  La  More  Press,  has  been  added 
a  volume  which  is  fully  worthy  or  its  august  com- 
panionship. Nothing  is  more  pleasing  than  to  find 
that,  in  the  base  and  corrupt  Court  of  the  Stuarts, 
amid  general  foulness  and  contagion,  grew  up  some 
of  the  best,  godliest,  purest,  and  in  every  way 
divinest  of  English  women.  One  of  these  is  Mar- 
garet (Jodolphin,  who  is  fit  to  be  placed  beside 
her  delightful  namesake  Margaret  Cavendish  (n<'< 
Lucas),  Duchess  of  Newcastle,  Dorothy  Osborne, 
and  Rachel,  Lady  Russell.  Her  life  was  written 
by  John  Evelyn,  whose  adopted  daughter  and 
"inviolable  friend"  she  constituted  herself.  This 
memoir  was  not  printed  until  1847,  when  it 
was  issued,  with  a  worthy  introduction,  now 
retained,  by  Samuel  Wilberforce  (Soapy  Sam), 
Bishop  of  Oxford.  It  is  now,  with  some  modifi- 
cations of  spelling,  &c.,  reprinted,  and,  in  its 
new  and  beautiful  garb,  constitutes  a  charming 
volume,  which  all  students  will  delight  to  read, 
and  which  makes  special  appeal  to  a  Christian 
public.  It  is  indeed  a  lovely  little  gift-book.  A 
reproduction  of  the  portrait,  from  the  picture  at 
A\  otton,  which  is  prefixed  to  the  1847  edition, 
shows  a  fair,  pensive  face,  with  a  high  forehead, 
and  constitutes  a  pleasing  addition  to  the  volume. 

An  Irixh-Engli*h  Dictionary.  By  the  Rev.  Patrick 
S.  Dinneen,  M.A.  (Dublin,  for  the  Irish  Text 
Society;  London,  Nutt.) 

THIS  Anglo-Irish  dictionary  is  the  outcome  of  a 
project  conceived  by  the  Irish  Text  Society,  which 
itself  is  a  result  of  late  movements  to  establish  the 
study  of  Irish,  We  are  personally  unable  to  turn  it 
to  account,  but  it  must  be  of  great  assistance  to  those 
occupied  with  Irish  studies.  It  fills  some  eight 
hundred  pages,  and  is  accompanied  by  paradigms 
of  the  irregular  verbs. 


BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUES. 

PLENTY  of  enjoyment  is  to  be  found  in  the 
perusal  of  the  November  catalogues,  still  more 
enjoyment  when  the  pocket  will  admit  of  pur- 
chases. 

The  Chaucer's  Head  Library  catalogue  of  Mr. 
\Villiam  Downing,  of  Birmingham,  contains  collec- 
tions of  Cruikshank,  Doyle,  Leech  ;  the  Goupil 
series,  bound  by  Broca  and  Zaehnsdorf,  31£.  10*. ; 
the  first  edition  of  Swinburne's  'Poems  and  Ballads,' 
very  scarce,  Moxon,  1856, 51. 5s.;  and  an  early  edition 
of  Shakespeare's  '  Poems,'  printed  for  "  Bernard 
Lintott "  at  the  Cross  Keys,  between  the  two  Temple 
( lates  in  Fleet  Street,  51. 5*.  The  editor  states  that 
*'  the  writings  of  Mr.  Shakespeare  are  in  so  great 
esteem  that  several  gentlemen  have  subscribed  to 
a  late  Edition  of  his  Dramatick  Works." 

Mr.  Francis  Edwards  has  two  lists— one  of  new 
remainders,  including  Budge's  '  The  Book  of  the 
Dead,'  offered  for  30s. :  Brandon's  *  Gothic  Archi- 
tecture,' 18*. ;  Crooke's  *  Folk  -  lore  of  Northern 
India,'  8s.  6YZ.  ;  and  Burke's  '  Colonial  Gentry.'  Tluj 
pecond  list  contains  Mrs.  Frankau's  *  Eighteenth- 
Century  Colour  Prints';  this  is  illustrated  with 
lifty-two  facsimile  reproductions  printed  in  colour, 
price  14Z. ;  the  work  is  now  out  of  print  and  scarce. 
There  are  works  on  Africa ;  a  complete  set  of  the 


British  Association,  72  vols.,7/.  ;  the  J)til>lln  !!•  rl<  »-, 
36  yols.,  4/.  10*.  (this  contains  a  manuscript  list  of  Dr~ 
Wiseman's  contributions  copied  from  his  own  list)  ;. 
and  Crealock's  *  Deerstalking  in  the  Highlands  of 
Scotland,'  limited  edition  of  250  copies,  20{.  Mr. 
Edwards  has  a  series  of  contemporary  miniatures 
of  Napoleon  and  his  generals,  each,  framed  in  richly 
decorated  gilt  frame  ;  the  price  for  the  twelve  por- 
traits is  45i. 

Mr.  Gadney,  of  Canterbury,  has  a  number  qf 
works  on  Art  and  Architecture,  Biography,  and 
Classics.  Under  the  Drama  is  a  set  of  the  '  Thea- 
trical Pocket  Magazine,'  1821-5,  30*.  Under  English 
Literature  are  some  first  editions  of  Browning. 
There  are  interesting  books  relating  to  Kent. 
Among  these  we  find  '  The  Kentish  Garland/ 
edited  by  Julia  De  Vaynes,  with  pictorial  illustra- 
tions from  the  rare  originals  by  our  old  friend 
Mr.  Woodfall  Ebsworth,  2  vols.,  21*. 


Messrs.  George's  Sons,  of  Bristol,  take  advantage- 
of  the  war  to  issue  a  War  List  of  Military  Litera- 
ture. This  is  divided  into  three  parts  :  1.  Napoleonic 
Period;  2.  Art  of  War,  Land  Battles;  3.  Naval 
Matters.  There  is  a  MS.  of  about  250  folios,  bound 
in  crimson  morocco;  the  date  of  it  is  1811.  The- 
calculations  are  based  on  an  expected  attack,  from 
four  different  points,  of  160,000  men.  The  author 
is  so  confident  that  he  states  that  "the  most  pro- 
bable way  of  preventing  an  invasion  would  be  to 
send  Napoleon  an  exact  account  of  all  your  arrange- 
ments." It  is  interesting  to  note  that  an  item  in 
the  same  catalogue  is  Dilke's  *  The  British  Army/ 
1888.  The  following  quotation  from  the  Broad 
Arrow  is  given  :  "  We  hail  Sir  Charles  Dilke's 
expose  of  our  utter  want  of  national  defences  with, 
extreme  satisfaction." 

Mr.  E.  Menken,  of  Great  Russell  Street,  has  a 
book  circular  containing  much  of  interest.  There- 
is  a  copy  of  the  rare  *  Bibliotheca  Chalcographica/ 
1650.  This  work  contains  "413  brilliant  full-page 
portraits  of  the  learned  and  prominent  men  of 
Europe."  A  copy  of  Batty's  'Copper  Coinage'  is 
priced  21.  2.s.  ;  a  complete  index  to  all  names  con- 
tained in  Randle  Holme's  *  Academy  of  Armorie,'  a 
beautiful  vellum  MS.,  21s.  Gel.  ;  '  Costumes  His- 
toriques  de  la  France,'  par  le  Bibliophile  Jacob, 
10  vols.,  8vo,  illustrated  with  640  costume  plates. 
Paris,  1830-40,  10/.  10s.  ;  Crisp's  '  Family  History,7" 
9  vols.,  11.  15s.  ;  Meyers  '  Konversations-Lexikon,' 
complete  set,  17  vols.,  1897,  51.  5*.  ;  a  complete  set  of 


Literary 

81.  8s. ;  and  Ruskin's  works,  a  set  of  the  complete 
edition,  1897-99,  101.  10*. 

Mr.  H.  H.  Peach,  of  Leicester,  opens  his  list  with 
a  valuable  MS.,  Suso's  'Orloge  de  Sapience/  42£. 
The  author,  Henri  de  Suso,  died  1385.     Vaughan,  ir> 
his  '  Hours  with  the  Mystics,'  says  that  "  this  book 
was  for  the  fourteenth  century  what    Thomas  ;» 
Kempis    *  De    Imitatione    Christi '    was    for    the 
fifteenth."     The  list  contains  specimens  of  early 
printing ;  Chapman's  Homer,  first  edition  of  com- 
plete '  Iliad,'  10/.  10*.;  Drake's  'History  of  York/ 
1736,  folio  calf,  51.  5*.    There  are  also  a  number  of 
pamphlets  and  broadsides,  1680-1800,  including  'A 
Satyr  against  Coffee/  1682  ?  10*'.  6d. ;  it  commences 
Avoid  Satanick  Tipple  !  hence, 
Thou  murderer  of  Farthings  and  of  Pence, 
And  Midwife  to  all  false  Intelligence. 


440 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [ioth  s.  n.  NOV.  26, 190*. 


Mr.  C.  Richardson,  of  Manchester,  in  his  new 
list  includes  '  Victories  of  the  Duke  of  Wellington,' 
from  drawings  by  Westall,  price  4:1. ;  Warburton's 

*  Hunting  Songs,'  Chester,  1834,  rare,  81.  8s.;  Scott's 
"novels,  Cadell,  61.  6s.;  and  a  copy  of  'Paracelsus,' 

2  vols.  4to,  cloth,  new,  1804,  II.    There  are  some 
interesting  items  under  Yorkshire,   including  the 

*  Dialect  of  Leeds '  and  Robinson's  *  Glossary.' 

Mr.  A.  Russell  Smith's  new  catalogue  is  a  very 
interesting  one,  chiefly  of  old  English  literature  ;  a 
portion  is  devoted  to  Alchemy,  Occult  Science, 
Medicine,  Surgery,  and  Witchcraft.  There  is  a  first 
edition  of  *  Hudibras,'  181.  The  '  Chronique  Scanda- 
leuse '  and  Chartier's  history  of  the  Pucelle,  in  1  vol. 
4to,  calf,  are  31. :  Dray  ton's  *  Poems,'  John  Smeth- 
wick,  1630, 11.  10s.  There  are  early  Woodcuts  and 
Chap-Books.  Giles  Fletcher's  'Christ's  Victorie,' 
1632,  the  rarest  of  the  editions,  is  61. 10s.  Other  items 
are  a  ground  plan  of  Leicester  Square,  1775.  and  Mag- 
nus's '  Le  Livre  de  Bonnes  Meurs, '  1500, 151.  Caxton 
published  a  translation  of  this  under  the  title  of 
'  The  Book  of  Good  Manners.'  This  edition  was 
apparently  unknown  to  Brunet,  and  is  very  rare. 
Rathbone's  'Old  Wedgwood,'  only  200  copies 
printed,  is  10/.  10s.  The  first  edition  of  the  Brownist 
version  of  '  The  Booke  of  Psalmes,'  compiled  by  the 
learned  Henry  Ainsworth,  leader  of  the  sect,  ex- 
tremely rare,  1612,  is  61.  6s.  There  are  important 
items  under  Shakespeariana.  There  are  also  a 
number  of  trials  and  murder  narratives,  including 
the  '  Tyburn  Chronicle,'  14  vols.,  131.  10s. 

Messrs.  Henry  Sotheran  &  Co.'s  catalogue,  dated 
the  12th  inst. ,  contains,  as  usual,  a  number  of  superior 
second-hand  books.  It  opens  with  a  complete  set 
of  the  Royal  Society's  Transactions,  very  scarce, 
1665-1895,  225/. ;  a  set  of  '  The  Annual  Register,' 
1758-1902,  3R  10s.;  and  a  good  library  set  of 
Archceologia,  281.  10s.  Other  items  are  first  edition 
of  Gilchrist's  k  Life  of  Blake,'  II.  6s. ;  Cervantes, 
1620,  very  rare,  351. ;  a  fine  collection  of  old  plays, 
1720-98,  37L  10s. ;  a  very  choice  extra-illustrated 
copy  of  Charles  Mathews's  '  Memoirs,'  521.  10s. ;  a 
choice  set  of  Dickens,  with  autograph,  351.  ;  and 
Entomological  Society,  complete  set,  521.  10s.  There 
is  a  copy  of  a  volume  on  French  Ornament  pre- 
sented by  Horace  Walpole  to  Miss  Berry,  price 
-55£.  The  fly-leaf  bears  the  inscription,  "Agnes 
Berry,  the  gift  of  Lord  Orford."  The  catalogue 
contains  a  rich  collection  of  autographs,  including 
Napoleon  and  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds.  There  is  a  letter 
of  Wellington's,  on  military  matters,  dated  from 
Badajoz,  9  October,  1809,  to  Marshal  Lord  Beres- 
ford :  "  We  all  pass  the  Tagus  at  Abrantes,  which, 
considering  everything,  I  think  the  best  road  for 
us.  I  omitted  to  tell -you  that  I  reviewed  the  other 
day  the  troops  of  the  Garrison  of  Elvas,  and  I  shall 
do  the  same  by  all  the  Portuguese  troops  I  shall 
meet  with.  The  5th  and  17th  are  really  in  better 
order  than  I  expected  to  see  any  Portuguese  troops 

in and  their  field  discipline  and  manoeuvres  by 

no  means  bad,  considering  the  defect  of  instruction, 
&c."  Autograph  collectors  will  do  well  to  obtain 
this  catalogue. 

Mr.  Albert  Button,  of  Manchester,  has  a  number 
of  books  relating  to  America,  1705-1896 ;  some  early 
Bewicks  ;  first  editions  of  *  Lavengro '  and  *  The 
Romany  Rye';  a  copy  of  Brandt's  'Stultifera 
Navis,'  1498,  9£.  9s.  (a  copy  fetched  a  few  weeks 
back  YJl.  10s.);  and  a  number  of  Capt.  Burton's 
works.  Other  items  are  interesting  coloured  plates  ; 
first  editions  of  Thackeray  and  Dickens,  also  of 


Cruikshank,  including  '  Sergeant  Bell  and  his  Raree 
Show'  (William  Tegg  attributed  this  to  Dickens, 
and  correspondence  in  reference  to  it  has  appeared 
in  '  N.  &  Q.');  'Egypt  Explorations,'  10  vols., 
1885-94,  61.  10s. ;  a  set  of  Fraser,  2tt. :  '  The  Vicar  of 
Wakefield,'  with  32  illustrations  by  Mulready,  Van 
Voorst,  1843,  very  scarce,  21.  10s.  ;  and  Quarles's 
'  Divine  Poems,'  1664,  II.  12s.  6d.  The  catalogue  is 
rich  in  works  relating  to  Lancashire. 


Worcestershire':  'Greville  Memoirs,' first  edition, 
scarce,  51.  10s. ;  Gualter's  '  Antichrist,'  12mo,  1556, 
31.  15s.;  Scudamore's  'Notitia  Eucharistica,'  1876, 
very  scarce,  II.  12s.  6d.  ;  Roberts's  '  Holy  Land,' 
51.  5s.  ;  and  'Arms  of  Italian  Nobles,'  Venice,  1578. 
The  catalogue  is  a  good  miscellaneous  one.  There 
are  also  several  items  of  interest  to  collectors  of 
ex-libris. 

Utoikea  to  (&0m%$atibmte* 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 
put  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
heading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "  Duplicate." 

E.  J.  PARKER  ("The  Hermit  in  London").— The 
aook  is  by  Capt.  Felix  M'Donough,  and  was  pub- 
ished  in  1819. 

MEDICULUS  ("Dryden's  Burial  at  St.  Anne's, 
Soho ").  —  Articles  dealing  with  the  two  funerals 
of  Dry  den  were  contributed  to  the  Athenceum  of 
27  August  and  22  October  by  Mr.  W.  J.  Harvey. 

E.  P.  MERRITT,  Boston,  U.S.  ("  False  Quantities 
n  Parliament"). — Anticipated  ante,  ID.  418. 

H.  A.  MARTIN  ("Poem  by  H.  F.  Lyte").-We 
lave  already  forwarded  to  PERTIXAX  a  full  copy  of 
the  poem,  kindly  sent  by  MR.  J.  GRIGOR. 

CORRIGENDA. — Ante,  p.  407,  col.  1,  11.  11  and  12 
from  foot,  the  date  of  'Restalrig'  should  be  1829, 
and  of  '  St.  Johnstoun,'  1823.  "  Sir  Robert  Logan," 
11.  7  and  8  from  foot,  was  not  a  knight,  but  plain 
Robert.  P.  414,  col.  1,  1.  10  from  foot,  for  "1744" 
read  1722. 

NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "The  Editor  of  *  Notes  and  Queries '  "—Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Pub- 
lisher"—at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  E.G. 

We  beg  leave  to  state  that  we  decline  to  return 
communications  which,  for  any  reason,  we  do  not 
print ;  and  to  this  rule  we  can  make  no  exception. 


io*  s.  ii.  NOV.  as.  wo*.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


BOOKSELLERS'    CATALOGUES    (NOVEMBER). 

(Continued  from  Second  Advertisement  Page.) 


A.  RUSSELL  SMITH, 

24,  GREAT  WINDMILL  STREET,  LONDON,  W. 
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OTHER  INTERESTING  BOOKS,  MANU- 
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Part  VII.,  containing  R-SHAKBSPBARB.  with  about  160 

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Part  I.f  containing  A— B,  with  120  Illustration^  price  4*. 

Part  II.,  C,  with  220  Illustrations,  price  3*. 

Parts  III.— VI.,  D-Q,  with  550  Illustrations  in  Facsimile, 

price  2«.  each. 

J.   &   J.    LEIGHTON, 

40,  BREWER  STREET,  GOLDEN  SQUARE,  W. 


CATALOGUE 

OF    AN 

Interesting  Collection  of  Secondhand  Books 

IN  ALL  BRANCHES  OF  LITERATURE 

AT 

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Many  Rare  Items  and  First  Editions. 
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MUSEUM,  W.C. 

CATALOGUES  ISSUED  MONTHLY, 

Post  free  on  application. 

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THE  FOLLOWING    CATALOGUES    SENT 

FREE  ON  APPLICATION:— 
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SHAKESPEARE  and  the  DRAMA. 
MISCELLANEOUS  LITERATURE. 

300KS   AND    LIBRARIES    PURCHASED. 

Established  1848. 


CLEARANCE    CATALOGUE    OF 
SECOND-HAND  BOOKS, 

INCLUDING  MANY  SCARCE  AND  DBSIRABLB. 

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H.  H.  PEACH,  37,  BELVOIR  STREET, 
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SWAN     SOjNNENSCHEIN    &    CO. 

SONNENSCHEIN'S    QUOTATION    SERIES. 

Small  crown  8vo,  Is.  6d.  each. 

DICTIONARY  of  QUOTATIONS.  English.  Third  Edition.  P.  H.  Dalbiac. 
DICTIONARY  of  QUOTATIONS.  Classical.  Second  Edition.  T.  B.  Harbottle. 
DICTIONARY  of  QUOTATIONS.  French  and  Italian.  Second  Edition.. 

HARBOTTLE  and  DALBIAC. 

DICTIONARY  of  QUOTATIONS.    German.    Lilian  Dalbiac.  c/n^. 

DICTIONARY  of  CONTEMPORARY  QUOTATIONS.    English.    H.  Swan. 
DICTIONARY  of  HISTORICAL  ALLUSIONS.     Second  Edition.     T.  B. 

HARBOTTLE. 

DICTIONARY  of  BATTLES.    T.  B.  Harbottle. 
FAMOUS  SAYINGS  of  GREAT  MEN.    E.  Latham. 
DICTIONARY  of  QUOTATIONS.    Spanish.    T.  B.  Harbottle. 


An  ADVANCED  ENGLISH  SYNTAX.    By  C.  T.  Onions.    166  pp.  2s.  6d. 

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No.  49.  [S^KS]        SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  3,  1904. 

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io"  s.  ii.  DEC.  3, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


441 


LONDON,  SA  TiltDA  Y,  DECEMBER  S,  190!,. 


CONTENTS.— No.  49. 

NOTES  :— The  Chiltern  Hundreds,  441  — Burton's  'Ana- 
tomy,' 442  — The  Arbalest  or  Cross-bow,  443  — Steward 
Monument  at  Bradford-on-Avon,  414— Going  Shopping— 
"  Nabob  "  —  Oakham  Castle  Horseshoes  —  "  Sarum  "  — 
Indian  Life  in  Fiction,  445— Henry  II.  on  the  Welsh- 
Johnson  on  the  Letter  H-The  "Chego"  at  the  Zoo— 
"Oblivious"  —  Folk -medicine  in  Lincolnshire,  44<5  — 
"Eggler,"  447. 

QUERIES-.— Mozart  Concerto— Jenny  Cameron  of  Loo.hiel 
—••  Qalapine  "—Count  Tallard,  French  Prisoner  of  War- 
Benjamin  Blak«  :  Norman  :  Oidmixon,  447— Verse  Trans- 
lations of  Moliere-Clock  by  W.  Franklin— Woolmen  in 
the  Fifteenth  Century— Mrs.  Arkwright's  Setting  of  '  The 
Pirate's  Farewell'-C.  Ma.  H.  V.-Birth  at  Sea  in  1805- 
Mnglish  Burial-ground  at  Lisbon— Statue  discovered  at 
Charing  Cross  —  Bphis  and  his  Lion  —  Jordangate  — 
McDonald  of  Murroch,  448 -Rev.  John  Wilson,  of  King's 
College,  Cambridge  —  Byrt  of  Shrophouse  —  Pownill  — 
Paragraph  Mark— Barga,  Italy— Mrs.  Carey,  449. 

REPLIES  :-Richard  of  Scotland,  449— Spelling  Reform,  450 
— 'Assisa  de  Tolloneis,'  451— "Honest  Broker  "—Corks— 
"  Rnvison  "  :  "  Scrivelloes  "— '  Tracts  for  the  Times,'  452— 
Nine  Maidens— "Mali"— William  III. at  theBoyne-How 
to  Catalogue  Seventeenth-Century  Tracts,  453— The  Tenth 
Sheaf— Children  at  Executions,  451— Blood  used  in  Build- 
ing—Publishers' Catalogues— Ainsty— "  Bonnets  of  Blue," 
455— Vaccination  and  Inoculation— Penny  Wares  Wanted, 
456— Shelley  Family— Holborn,  457. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— Barbeau's  'Bath 'in  the  Eighteenth 
Century'  — The  "Favourite  Classics"  Shakespeare  — 
4  Duelling  Stories '— •  Scottish  Historical  Review  '— •  Edin- 
burgh Review.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


THE   CHILTERN   HUNDREDS. 

THE  three  hundreds  of  Stoke,  Burnharn, 
and  Desborough  are,  according  to  our  ency- 
clopaedias, distinguished  by  the  name  Chiltern 
Hundreds,  and  the  office  of  steward  of  these 
hundreds  is  one  which  is  usually  accepted  by 
a  member  of  Parliament  in  order  to  vacate 
his  seat.  One  or  more  of  our  encyclo- 
paedias and  other  books  give  us  this  addi- 
tional information :  "  In  former  time  the 
beech  forests  of  the  Chiltern  Hills  were 
infested  with  robbers,  and  in  order  to  restrain 
them  it  was  usual  for  the  Crown  to  appoint 
an  officer  who  was  called  Steward  of  the 
'Chiltern  Hundreds."  This  is  interesting,  and 
that  is  all  that  can  be  said  concerning  this 
information,  except  that  it  is  a  pity  it  should 
be  copied  from  book  to  book,  as  apparently 
it  has  been. 

As  the  Chiltern  Hills  are  in  Buckingham- 
shire and  Oxfordshire,  any  hundreds  in  these 
counties  in  the  Chiltern  district  might  be 
called  Chiltern  Hundreds,  Stoke,  Burnhara, 
•and  Desborough  in  Buckinghamshire  among 
them.  The  question  arises,  however,  Were 
these  the  Chiltern  Hundred  of  antiquity, 
whose  stewardship  or  custody  was  an  office 
held  under  the  Crown  since  the  time  of  the 


Xormans  ?  I  think  not.  Domesday  Book,  in 
the  part  relating  to  Oxfordshire,  tells  us  that 
the  soke  of  four  and  a  half  hundreds  belongs 
to  the  Royal  Manor  of  Bensington.  There 
was  thus  attached  to  Bensington  an  extent 
of  country  comprised  within  four  and  a  half 
hundreds,  of  which  it  was  the  administra- 
tive centre. 

The  Hundred  Rolls  for  1279  tell  us  that 
the  jury  sworn  in  reference  to  Bensington 
made  the  return  that  this  manor  was  of  the 
king's  demesne  with  the  hamlets  of  Henley, 
Nettlebed,  Huntercumbe,  Wyfaude,  Preston- 
Crowmarsh,  Ward  burg,  Silingford,  and 
Hupholecumbe  ;  and  that  the  manor  with  the 
hamlets,  excepting  Preston-Crowmarsh  and 
Huntercomb,  King  Henry  gave  to  his 
brother  with  the  Chiltern  Hundreds. 

The  Oxfordshire  Hundred  Rolls  also  tell  us 
that  the  jury  for  the  Hundred  of  Langtre 
made  a  return  that  the  Castle  of  Wallingford, 
with  its  honour  and  what  belonged  to  it,  was 
at  one  time  in  the  hands  of  the  king,  and 
that  he  gave  it,  with  the  four  and  a  half 
hundreds  of  Chiltern — viz.,  Puryton,  Bene- 
felde,  Langhetre,  Leukenore,  and  half  of  that 
called  Ewelme — to  Richard  his  brother,  Earl 
of  Cornwall ;  and  that  it  is  now  held  by 
Edmund,  son  of  the  aforesaid  Richard,  but 
they  know  not  by  what  warrant  or  by  what 
service. 

These  entries  in  the  Hundred  Rolls  show 
clearly  that  the  four  and  a  half  hundreds 
of  Bensington,  of  Norman  time,  were  by 
Henry  III.  attached  to  the  Castle  and  Honour 
of  Wallingford  as  part  of  the  lordship  of  his 
brother,  and  were  known  as  the  Chiltern 
Hundreds. 

The  Parliamentary  Writs  for  1316  contain 
the  Nomina  Villarum,  or  names  of  manors,  and 
the  hundreds  in  which  they  were  grouped  at 
that  time.  The  hundreds  and  their  courts 
were  in  the  hands  of  the  king  unless  specially 
granted.  The  lordship  of  a  hundred,  if 
attached  to  that  of  the  most  important  manor 
in  it,  carried  with  it  an  additional  significance, 
and  this  lordship  frequently  went  with  the 
manor. 

In  1316  we  find  that  the  Honour  of  Walling- 
ford comprised  the  four  and  a  half  hundreds 
of  Chiltern,  of  which  the  king  was  at  one 
time  the  lord.  These  hundreds  are  named, 
and  are  the  "  Hundred  de  Benefelde,  Hund. 
de  Langtre,  Hund.  de  Piriton,  Hund.  de 
Leukenore,  and  dimid.  Hund.  de  Ewelme." 
The  name  Benefelde  appears  to  be  the  same 
as  Bensington,  and  so  we  find  that  the  four 
and  a  half  hundreds  which  in  1086  were 
grouped  round  Bensington,  and  were  given  by 
Henry  III.  to  his  brother  Richard,  as  part  of 


442 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io<»  s.  n.  DEC.  3,  im 


the  Honour  of  Wallingford,  were  still  in  1316 
an  administrative  whole,  and  known  as  the 
Hundreds  of  Chiltern. 

Later  on  the  Patent  Kolls  for  1  Edward  IV., 
1461,  tell  us  the  same,  for  they  contain  an 
entry  of  the  grant  for  life  to  John,  Duke  of 
Suffolk,  and  Elizabeth  his  wife,  of  the  office 
of  Constable  of  Wallingford  Castle,  with  the 
Stewardship  of  the  Honours  of  Wallingford 
and  St.  Waldric,  and  the  four  and  a  half 
hundreds  of  Chilterne,  they  receiving  40/. 
yearly  for  themselves  and  401.  yearly  for  their 
lieutenant  at  the  hands  of  the  receiver  of 
Walyngford,  in  the  same  manner  as  William, 
late  Duke  of  Suffolk,  father  of  the  said  John, 
had. 

This  subject  of  the  Chiltern  Hundreds,  and 
how  the  Buckinghamshire  hundreds  of  Stoke, 
Burnham,  and  Desborough  became  so  de- 
signated, may  be  worth  discussion  in  'N.  &  Q.' 
by  some  of  your  correspondents,  who  may  be 
able  to  supply  information. 

T.  W.  SHORE. 
157,  Bedford  Hill,  S.W. 


BURTON'S  'ANATOMY  OF  MELANCHOLY.' 

(See  9th  S.  xi.  181,  222,  263,  322,  441  ;  xii.  2,  62,  162, 

301,  362,  442 ;  10th  S.  i.  42,  163,  '203,  282 ;  ii.  124,  223.) 

Vol.  I.  (Shilleto),  p.  11,  1.  26;  p.  1,  1.  27, 
ed.  6,  "and  some  others."  Among  them 
Nicholas  Hill.  See  vol.  ii.  p.  63  ;  pp.  254-5 
(II.  ii.  3),  and'D.N.B.' 

P.  12,  13-15 ;  2,  8-10,  *  Mercurius  Gallo- 
belgicus.'  The  title  of  the  historical  com- 
pilation published  at  Cologne,  the  first 
volumes  of  which  appeared  in  the  last  decade 
of  the  sixteenth  century.  It  was  written 
by  Michael  von  Isselt  ("  M.  Jansonius  ")  and 
others.  See  p.  62,  n.  6;  p.  32,  n.  t.  An 
English  translation  of  part  of  this  work  was 
printed  at  London  in  1614. 

*  Mercurius  Britannicus.'     The  author  of 
*  Mundus  alter  et  idem '  (Bishop  Joseph  Hall). 

*  Democritus  Chris tianus.'  A  Latin  version 
of  '  Le  Democrite  Chrestien  ;  c'est  a  dire,  le 
mespris  et  mocquerie  des  vanites  du  monde,' 
by  Pierre   de  Besse,  the  Petrus  Besseus  of 
Burton's  margin.    In  Shilleto's  edition  the 
reference  is  wrongly  placed. 

P.  12, 1.  23  and  n.  8  ;  2, 17  and  n.  1,  "cosevus 

with  Socrates Floruit  Olympiade  80,  700 

annis  post  Troiam."  See  Diog.  Laert.,  ix.  7, 
9,  41-2.  D.  L.  says  that  Democritus  gives 
the  date  of  the  composition  of  his  Mi/epos 
SiaKooyxo?  as  seven  hundred  and  thirty  years 
after  the  taking  of  Troy,  and  he  gives  Apollo- 
dorus  as  the  authority  for  placing  the  philo- 
sopher's birth  in  the  eightieth  Olympiad, 
while  according  to  Thrasylus  he  was  born 


several  years  earlier,  being  Socrates's  senior 
by  a  year  (470  B.C. -469  B.C.). 

P.  13,  1.  24 ;  2,  47,  "  as  long  almost  as 
Xenoc rates  in  Athens."  X.  was  head  of  the 
Academy  for  twenty-five  years  (D.  L.,  iv.  2, 11). 
Burton  had  been  a  Student  of  Christ  Church 
for  over  twenty-one  years  when  he  published 
the  *  Anatomy.' 

P.  17, 1. 23 ;  5, 18, " Anthonie  Zara  Pap.Episc., 
his  Anatomie  of  wit."  Z.  was  bishop  of, 
Pedena  (Biben)  in  Illyria,  and  author  of 
'  Anatomia  Ingeniorum  et  Scientiarum,' 
Venice,  1615.  See  vol.  i.  456,  1.  31  ;  189,  28 
(I.  iii.  1,  3). 

P.  18,  1.  19  and  n.  15 ;  5,  40  and  n.  c,  "  vel 
ut  lenirem  animum  scribendo."  Cf.  the 

dedication  of  ' Querela  Pacis,'  "ut queri- 

moniam      scriberem,      quo justissimum 

animi  raei  dolorem  vel  ulciscerer,  vel 
lenirem." 

P.  19,  n.  2  ;  6,  n.  g,  "  M.  Joh.  Rous,  our 
Protobib.  Oxon."  John  Rouse  was  Bodley's 
Librarian,  1620-52.  By  his  friendship  with 
both  authors  he  forms  a  link  between  Burton, 
and  Milton. 

Ib.,  "M.  Hopper."  Thomas  Hopper  (1592- 
1624),  a  member  of  New  College,  licensed  to- 
practise  medicine  22  June,  1602 ;  of  Holy  well', 
Oxon.  See  Foster,  'Alumni  Ox.' 

P.  20,  n.  5  ;  6,  n.  s,  "  Buchananus."  See- 
'Rer.  Scot.  Hist.,' i.  5.  Buchanan's  verb  is 
converrunt.  Cf.  p.  33,  1.  36  ;  14,  39,  "  had  I 
written  ad  ostentationem  only." 

P.  20,  1.  28;  7,  4,  "As  Apothecaries " 

Burton's  indebtedness  to  J.  V.  Andrea  was 
pointed  out  ante,  p.  124.  Andrea  would 
seem  to  have  taken  a  hint  from  Erasmus, 
4Ep.  ad  P.  Volsiura,'  at  beginning  of  the 
'  Enchiridion  Militis  Christiani,' about  a  sixth 
through  the  epistle  : — 

"  Quis  Summulariorum  modus  aut  numerus,  alind*1 
ex  alio  miscentium  ac  remiscentium,  &  pharma- 
copolarum  ritu,  ex  novis  vetera,  ex  veteribus  nova, 
e  pluribus  unum,  ex  uno  plura  aubinde  fingentium 
ac  refingentium  ?" 

P.  24, 1.  30 ;  9.  24,  "  Laudare  se  vani,  vitu- 
perare  stulti."  Val.  Max.,  yii.  2,  ext.  §  11  r 
"  Idem  Aristoteles  de  semet  ipsos  in  neutram 
partem  loqui  debere  prsedicabat,  quoniam< 
laudare  se  vani,  vituperare  stulti  esset." 
Shilleto's  translation  is  wrong. 

P.  25,  1.  4;  9,  30,  "stylus  virum  arguit." 
Neither  Biichmann  ('Gefliigelte  Worte,' 
twentieth  ed.)  nor  Mr.  King  ('  Classical  and1 
Foreign  Quotations,',  third  ed.)  refers  to  this 
when  discussing  the  famous  alleged  mot  of1' 
Buffon. 

P.  29,  1.  24;  12,  7,  "Alexander  the  phy- 
sician." See  Alexander  Trallianus,  'De  Arte 
Medica,'  Lat.  trans,  by  Johan.  Guinterius* 


io«.  s.  ii.  DEO.  .3,  low.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


443 


Andernacus  (J.  Giinther  of  Andernach),  lib.  i. 
cap.  17,  sect.  'Quoraodo  lapis  Armeniacus 
exnibeatur.'  Alexander  says  that  it  should 
be  washed  twelve  times. 

P.  30,  1.  21  ;  12,  35,  "seeking  with  Seneca, 
quid  scribam,  non  quemadmoduin."  The  refer- 
ence given  by  Shilleto  is  wrong.  It  should 
beEp.  115,  1. 

P.  31,  n.  7;  13,  n.  q,  "ut  canis  Nilum 
lambens."  For  the  allusion  see  Phsedrus, 
i.  25  ;  Plin.,  'N.H.,'  viii.  40  (61),  148;  /Elian, 
*  V.H.,'  i.  4  ;  Macrobius,  *  Saturn.,'  ii.  2,  7,  &c. 

P.  38, 1.  32 ;  17, 42,  "  as  Apollonius,  a  common 
prison."  See  Philostratus,  'Vit.  Ap.,'  vii.  26. 

P.  43,  1.  12;  20,  27,  "fallen  from  heaven." 
See  Scioppius,  '  De  Arte  Critica,'  p.  10  (ed. 
1662),  "Cujus  [Joseph!  Scaligeri]  scripta  aurea, 
tamquam  ancylia  cselo  delapsa,  cum  horrore 
&  religione  quadam  omnes  eruditi  tractare 
solent." 

P.  43,  1.  16;  20,  30,  "Monarchs."  See 
Scioppius, '  Melos  ad  V.  C.  Paulum  Merulam': 

REGKM,  non  mode  Principem, 
Hunc  eruditiorum  adorem, 
Poplitibus  venererque  tiexis. — 4C  f>qq. 

The  object  of  Scioppius's  adulation  is  Joseph 
Scaliger.  But  **  'twas  when  he  knew  no 
better."  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

The  University,  Adelaide,  South  Australia. 
(To  be  continwd.) 


THE  ARBALEST  OR  CROSS-BOW, 
As  a  weapon  the  arbalest  was  not  so 
effective  as  the  long-bow.  It  is  true  that 
in  the  use  of  the  former  far  less  strength  and 
skill  were  required  than  in  the  use  of  the 
latter ;  but,  on  the  other  hand,  it  was  heavier 
and  more  inconvenient  than  the  long-bow, 
for  in  the  time  taken  by  an  arbalester  to 
wind  up  and  discharge  his  cross-bow  an 
archer  could  discharge  at  least  half  a  dozen 
arrows,  which  would  be  delivered  with  as 
much  force  as,  and  probably  more  effect  than, 
a  bolt  from  the  arbalest. 

The  early  arbalest,  or  cross-bow,  was 
simply  a  short  wooden  bow  set  at  right 
angles  in  a  wooden  stock  ;  this  was  bent  by 
the  bowman  placing  his  foot  in  a  loop,  or 
stirrup,  fixed  to  the  head  of  the  stock,  and 
then  with  his  hands  drawing  back  the  string, 
or  cord,  to  a  notch  in  which  it  was  caught. 
At  a  later  period  the  wooden  bow  was  replaced 
by  one  of  steel,  the  strength  of  which  neces- 
sitated mechanical  assistance  in  bending. 
The  mechanisms  employed  for  the  purpose 
were  usually  of  three  kinds.  The  first  con- 
sisted of  a  lever,  called  a  "  goafs-foot,"  the 
pressing  down  of  which  caused  the  bow- 
string to  be  grasped  by  a  hooked  fork,  and 


drawn  back  to  the  notch,  ready  to  discharge. 
The  second  kind  was  a  cogged  wheel,  which 
worked  in  the  slots  of  a  metal  rod ;  by  turning 
a  handle  one  way  the  rod  was  extended,  a 
hook  at  the  end  of  the  rod  then  caught  the- 
cord,  the  action  of  the  wheel  was  then 
reversed,  and  this  drew  back  the  rod  with 
the  cord  attached.  The  third  was  a  systeia 
of  pulleys,  over  which  strong  cords  (called 
"fausse,''  or  "false,"  cords,  to  distinguish 
them  from  the  bowstring  itself)  ran.  To 
these  cords  at  one  end  was  attached  a  hook, 
the  opposite  ends  being  fastened  to  a  small 
windlass,  fitted  to  the  butt  of  the  stock  ;  the 
"false"  cords  having  been  hooked  to  the 
bowstring,  the  windlass  was  put  in  motion, 
and  the  bow  thus  bent. 

It  can  readily  be  seen  that  the  performance 
of  any  of  the  above  com  plicated  operations  be- 
fore the  cross-bow  could  be  bentand  discharged 
placed  the  arbalester  at  a  considerable  disad- 
vantage when  opposed  to  the  simple  and 
more  rapid  discharge  of  the  long-bow.  This 
the  English  thoroughly  recognized,  and  thus 
the  long-bow  was  encouraged  in  preference  to- 
the  cross-bow,  and  became  in  the  Middle 
Ages  the  principal  arm  of  England's  soldiers. 

The  arrow  when  discharged  from  a  cross- 
bow passed,  in  some  cases,  along  a  groove 
made  in  the  stock  to  receive  it,  in  other  cases 
through  a  barrel.  Sometimes  ordinary  arrows 
were  discharged,  but  generally  arrows  of  a 
shorter  and  stouter  kind  were  used.  These 
had  heavier  heads  than  the  ordinary  arrow, 
and,  instead  of  being  of  the  usual  barbed 
form,  were  four-sided  and  pyramidal  in  shape, 
and  called  "  bolts,"  **  carrials,"  or  **  quarels." 

Owarelles  qwayntly  swapper  thorowe  Knyghtez 

With  iryne  so  wekyrly,  that  wynche  they  never. 

Like  an  ordinary  arrow,  the  "quarel"  wa» 
winged,  sometimes  with  feathers,  but  more 
often  with  4<  latone "  or  "  latten,"  a  mixed 
metal  resembling  brass.  (The  effigies  of 
Richard  II.  and  his  first  queen,  Anne  of 
Bohemia,  in  Westminster  Abbey  are  of  latten.) 
The  arbalester  carried  with  him  into  action 
a  quiver  containing  fifty  "quarels,"  and 
when  these  were  exhausted  he  replenished 
his  quiver  from  the  store  of  bolts  which 
followed  him  in  waggons  to  the  field  of 
battle. 

The  arbalest  seems  to  have  been  first  intro- 
duced into  warfare  about  the  twelfth  century,, 
but  it  was  then  considered  such  a  deadly 
weapon  that  its  employment  in  war  was- 
forbidden  among  Christian  nations,  and  it 
was  not  until  the  fourteenth  century  that  it 
came  into  general  use.  The  most  famous 
arbalesters  were  the  Genoese,  6,000  of  whom 
took  part  in  the  battle  of  Crecy,  and  suffered 


444 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  IL  DEC.  3, 1904. 


an  ignominious  defeat  at  the  hands  of  the 
English  archers. 

The  cross-bow  was  always  in  greater  use  on 
the  Continent  than  in  England,  where  it  wa 
chiefly  employed  in  naval  battles  and  in 
sieges.  In  1314  Edward  II.  required  the 
Mayor  and  Sheriffs  of  the  City  of  London  to 
find  300  arbalesters,  or  as  many  of  that 
number  as  possible,  for  the  defence  of 
Berwick-upon-Tweed,  each  to  be  provided 
with  haketon,  bacinet,  "  colorette,"  arbalest, 
-and  quarels,  and  both  men  and  arms  to  be 
.ready  by  the  Feast  of  St.  Nicholas  then 
next.  Of  the  number  of  men  requisi- 
tioned the  City  seems  to  have  been  able 
to  raise  only  120,  for  in  the  December 
following  we  find  the  king  requiring,  in 
pursuance  of  his  previous  demand,  this 
number  of  arbalesters  and  their  arms  to  be 
•delivered  to  John  da  Luka,  to  be  by  him 
conducted  to  Berwick.  The  records  of  the 
time  furnish  some  interesting  particulars  as 
to  the  wages  of  the  men,  the  cost  of  their 
arms,  and  the  mode  by  which  the  latter  were 
conveyed  to  their  destination.  The  price 
paid  for  each  haketon  was  6s.  Q^d.,  for  each 
bacinet  with  iron  "colorette"  5s.  Id,  for 
each  arbalest  3s.  5d,  for  a  baldric  12d  ;  each 
^quiver  cost  5d,  and  for  every  thousand  quarels 
:20s.  was  paid.  Each  man  was  paid  per  day 
4d,  whilst  every  commander  of  twenty  men 
received  Qd.  The  arms  were  wrapped  in 
hempen  cloths,  and  packed  in  tuns,  which 
were  loaded  into  three  carts,  each  drawn  by 
four  horses  ;  to  each  cart  there  were  two 
carters.  The  journey  occupied  seventeen 
•days,  and  the  expenses  per  day  of  each  cart, 
with  its  horses  and  carters,  were  2s.  2d 

In  the  reign  of  Henry  VII.  the  cross-bow 
was  found  to  be  superseding  the  long-bow ; 
to  check  this  a  statute  was  enacted  pro- 
hibiting the  use  of  the  cross-bow  by  the 
people,  under  heavy  pains  and  penalties.  In 
the  ensuing  reign  a  similar  prohibition  was 
enacted ;  but  this  too  failed  to  effect  its 
purpose,  even  in  the  face  of  the  knowledge 
that  the  possession  of  a  cross-bow  entailed  a 
iine  of  IOL  But  where  kings  failed,  time 
•succeeded,  and  the  cross-bow  ultimately  be- 
came obsolete.  T.  W.  TEMPANY. 


STEWARD  MONUMENT  AT  BRADFORD-ON- 
•AvoN. — The  statue  of  Charles  Steward  in 
Holy  Trinity  Church  is  almost  a  typical 
sample  of  what  we  know  as  the  "  Queen 
Anne "  style.  It  was,  in  fact,  set  up  before 
the  reign  of  that  monarch  commenced,  being 
dated  1701  :  King  William  did  not  die  till 
8  March,  1702,  so  that  it  anticipates  the  style 
by  about  three  months ;  but  if  all  the  monu- 


ments erected  in  Westminster  Abbey  and 
other  English  churches  during  the  next 
fifteen  years  had  been  as  characteristic  and 
as  meritorious  we  should  be  able  to  recognize 
a  great  school  of  sculpture.  We  may  compare 
it,  for  instance,  with  the  well-known  monu- 
ment of  the  Duke  of  Newcastle,  of  which  the 
architectural  part  was  designed  by  Gibbs 
and  the  figures  by  Bird.  The  almost  exactly 
contemporary  monument  of  Sir  Cloudesley 
Shovel  is  still  more  to  the  point.  The 
bewigged  figure,  the  columns,  the  weeping 
cherubs,  are  in  both,  but  Steward's  figure  is 
manly  and  dignified,  the  costume  is  rather 
that  of  the  time  of  Charles  II.  than  that  of  the 
eighteenth  century  ;  it  has,  so  to  speak,  what 
must  have  seemed  in  1701  a  slightly  old- 
fashioned  appearance.  The  cherubs  do  not 
sprawl,  as  in  the  Shovel  monument,  nor  is  their 
grief  denoted  by  any  extravagance  of  gesture. 
The  architectural  features  are  strictly  subordi- 
nated to  the  central  figure,  and  there  is,  on  the 
whole,  much  to  be  admired  in  the  sculpture  and 
in  the  artistic  aspect  of  the  monument.  His- 
torically, however,  the  figure,  the  name,  the 
heraldry  —  all  have  given  inquirers  much 
employment  without  so  far  any  very  tangible 
result.  There  was  a  Northamptonshire 
family  of  the  same  name  and  similar  arms. 
One  of  its  members,  Richard  Steward,  was 
chaplain  to  Charles  I.,  and  having  been 
named  successively  Provost  of  Ebon,  Dean  of 
St.  Paul's,  and  Dean  of  Westminster,  he  died 
in  exile  in  1651,  during  the  Commonwealth. 
Several  authorities  mention  the  Dean  as  the 
father  of  Charles  Steward,  of  Cumberwell, 
near  Bradford,  and  one  (Herald  and  Genea- 
logist, ii.  67)  asserts  that  Cumberwell  came 
to  him  through  his  mother,  the  sister  of 
Sir  Robert  Button,  of  Tockenham,  an  old 
manor-house  a  few  miles  off,  between 
Ohippenham  and  Swindon. 

Although  "  Cummer  well  "  is  mentioned  in 
his  epitaph,  we  cannot  easily  identify  Steward 
with  the  son  of  the  Dean.  In  the  first  place, 
f  the  arms  are  much  alike  this  Charles 
Steward  bears  a  crest  which  is  believed  to  be 
unique  in  English  heraldry.  The  Stewards 
of  Pateshull,  in  Northamptonshire,  had  for 
crest  a  stag  ;  but  over  the  Bradford  monu- 
nent  the  crest  is  a  royal  crown.  It  stands, 
like  an  ordinary  crest,  "  on  a  wreath  of  his 
colours  "  ;  but  there  can  be  no  doubt  what  it 
represents — "on  a  wreath  of  his  colours,  a 
royal  crown  proper."  Moreover,  the  case  is 
'urther  complicated  by  the  fact  that  in  two 
ong  inscriptions  (one  on  the  monument  and 
;he  other  on  the  tombstone  in  the  chancel) 
ihere  is  no  mention  either  of  the  Dean  or  of 
the  Tockenham  baronets ;  but  the  deceased, 


.  ii.  DEC.  MO*.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


445 


who  died  after  a  fall  from  his  horse  in  1698, 
is  described  as  "honestis  parentibus  ortus," 
sprung  from  honest  parents.  And  again, 
according  to  the  *  Dictionary  of  National 
Biography,'  the  Dean's  son,  a  clergyman 
named  Charles,  who  was  born  in  1666,  died 
in  1735,  and  cannot  therefore  be  identified 
with  the  Bradford  worthy  thirty-seven  years 
earlier.  It  is,  of  course,  just  possible  that 
the  Dean  called  two  of  his  sons  Charles. 
Such  examples  do  sometimes  occur.  But  this 
does  not  help  us  much.  According  to  the 
*  Dictionary,'  the  Dean  had  two  sons,  indeed, 
but  they  were  Charles  and  Knightly.  They 
were  both  in  orders  and  held  benefices  in  the 
Church  of  England.  But  the  biographer  says 
the  elder  was  born  fifteen  and  the  younger 
twenty-two  years  after  their  father's  death, 
and  makes  no  attempt  to  account  for  so 
unusual  an  occurrence.  W.  J.  L. 

GOING  SHOPPING.— It  is  gratifying  to  find 
that  this  enthralling  amusement  was  not 
unknown  to  our  ancestors,  as  may  be  gathered 
from  an  extract  from  an  extremely  quaint 
tract  printed  in  London  in  1764,  entitled  "A 

Seasonable  Alarm  to  the  City  of  London 

by  Zachary  Zeal,  Gentleman."  This  satirical 
production  deals  with  the  pulling  down  of 
the  tradesmen's  signs  and  the  paving  of  the 
streets  with  Scotch  pebbles,  and  is  a  direct 
ancestor  of  a  recent  production  entitled  *  The 
Unspeakable  Scot.'  On  p.  13  occurs  the  fol- 
lowing note : — 

"  Ladies  are  said  to  go  a  Shoping  when,  in  the 
Forenoon,  sick  of  themselves.  They  order  the  Coach, 
and  driving  from  Shop  to  Shop,  without  the  slightest 
intention  of  purchasing  anything,  they  pester  the 
Tradesman,  by  requiring  him  to  shew  them  his 
Goods,  at  a  great  Expence  of  Time  and  Trouble — 
For  which,  after  their  Departure,  they  sometimes 
receive  not  unmerited  Benedictions." 

J.  ELIOT  HODGKIN. 

"NABOB."— Why  do  our  dictionaries,  such 
as  Ogilvie,  and  even  the  accurate  *  Hobson- 
Jobson,'  condemn  this  as  a  "corruption"? 
The  fact  is  that  the  Europeans  in  India,  in 
this  as  in  other  cases,  followed  only  too  faith- 
fully the  sounds  they  heard  from  natives. 
It  is  one  of  the  peculiarities  of  our  Aryan 
brothers  in  India  that  they  mix  up  the 
sounds  of  lt;  ?>,  and  w.  The  ordinary  Hindi 
and  Bengali  speakers  pronounce  them  all  as 
//.  One  hears,  for  instance,  Jieda  for  Veda, 
Bitbnu  for  Vishnu.  AWs-  for  the  Vaisya  or 
trading  caste.  Similarly,  Fallon,  iii  his 
Hindustani  dictionary,  1879,  the  only  one 
which  marks  the  pronunciation,  gives  the 
actual  living  forms  of  the  term  under  dis- 
cussion as  "T'n»v7A,  imw'n'i;  illiterate  nafal/i." 
In  short,  our  nabob  is  not  a  corruption  of  the 


Persian  navfib,  but  a  replica  of  the  vulgar 
Hindustani  nabdb,  which  in  turn  is  no  cor- 
ruption, but  a  normal  development. 

JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

OAKHAM  CASTLE  AND  ITS  HORSESHOES. 
(See  8th  S.  xii.  226  ;  9th  S.  v.  130  ;  x.  357.)— 
As  an  additional  note  on  this  subject  I  send 
the  following  cutting  from  the  Daily  Mail  of 
29  July:— 

"  According  to  a  very  ancient  custom,  every  peer 
passing  through  Oakham  has  to  leave  a  horseshoe 
or  its  equivalent  to  be  placed  in  the  castle.  The 
custodian  has  this  week  received  horseshoes  from 
the  Duke  of  Westminster,  the  Marquis  of  London- 
derry. Earl  Cadogan,  the  Earl  of  Mar  and  Kellie, 
Lord  Leconfield,  and  Lord  Barnard.  There  are  154 
shoes  now  on  the  castle  wall,  including  those  given 
by  the  King,  the  Queen,  and  the  Duke  of  Con- 
naught." 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

"SARUM." — It  may  be  worth  noting  that 
the  delusion  that  Sar,  with  a  stroke  through 
the  tail  of  the  r,  stands  for  Saruni,  can 
boast  a  respectable  antiquity.  The  last 
volume  published  by  the  Yorkshire  Archaeo- 
logical Society  in  their  Record  Series  is 
4  Yorkshire  Church  Notes,  1619-31,  by  lloger 
Dods worth.'  On  20  November,  1620,  that 
learned  antiquary  visited  Cottingham  Church, 
and  copied  the  inscription  on  the  monument 
of  Nicholas  de  Luda.  This  is  in  rimed 
hexameters  of  sorts,  the  third  and  fourth  of 
which  run  : — 

Porro  vires  Christi  gestans  dedit  ecclesiarum 
Prebendas  isti  Beuerlaci  quoque  Sarum. 
As  Nicholas  died  in  1383,*  we  may  assume 
that  the  erroneous  belief  dates  back  to  the 
fourteenth  century.  Q.  V. 

INDIAN  LIFE  IN  FICTION.— I  have  been 
reading  lately  'Like  Another  Helen,'  by 
S.  C.  Grier,  an  excellent  novel,  describing 
Anglo-Indian  life  in  the  time  of  the  Black 
Hole  and  Plassey.  The  author  has  evidently- 
been  a  very  careful  student  of  Sir  H.  Yule's 
4  Anglo-Indian  Glossary,' but  has  fallen  into- 
a  few  very  natural  errors,  which  1  beg  leave- 
to  correct. 

P.  189.  "Cotwal"  is  explained  as  "katwal, 
the  head  of  the  town  police."  The  word 
should  be  kottodl. 

P.  196.  "Mulchilka,"  an  engagement,  is 
explained  &8=machalka.  The  word  .should 
be  mutchilka,  Hindi  muchalka.  See  Yule> 
under  *  Moochulka.1 

P.  232.  "Seerpaw."  The  word  is  clearly 
explained  by  Yule.  Hindi  sar-a-jta,  **  cap-a- 
pie." 


fit.  200,  and  note. 


446 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  n.  DEC.  3, 


P.  209.  *'  Louchers,"  plunderers :  not  from 
Luti.  See  Yule,  under  '  Loucher.' 

P.  271.  S.  C.  Grier  cannot  identify  "  Halli- 
core,"  a  person  of  low  caste.  I  refer  her  to 
Yule,  under  'Halalcore.' 

P.  443.  "  Nuzzer,"  a  present,  is  not— ?iasr, 
but  nazar. 

P.  446.  "  Berbohm  "  is  not="  Birbaum,"  but 
Blrbhum.  EMERITUS. 

HENRY  II.  ON  THE  WELSH.— Girald us  Cam- 
brensis,  in  his  Description  of  Wales,'  says 
that  Henry  II.,  in  reply  to  the  inquiries  of 
Emanuel,  Emperor  of  Constantinople,  con- 
cerning the  situation,  nature,  and  striking 
peculiarities  of  the  British  island,  gave  the 
following  account  of  the  courage  of  the 
Welsh  people : — 

"  That  in  a  certain  part  of  the  island  there  was  a 
people  called  Welsh,  so  bold  and  ferocious  .that, 
when  unarmed,  they  did  not  fear  to  encounter  an 
armed  force,  being  ready  to  shed  their  blood  in 
defence  of  their  country,  and  to  sacrifice  their  lives 
for  renown  ;  which  is  the  more  surprising  as  the 
beasts  of  the  field  over  the  whole  face  of  the  island 
became  gentle,  but  these  desperate  men  could  not 
be  tamed." 

It  was  in  the  time  of  Henry  II.  that  Ireland 
was  conquered  ;  but  it  is  not  generally  known 
at  the  present  day  in  Wales  that  this  was 
accomplished  by  small  bands  of  Welshmen 
and  Cambro-Normans. 

JONATHAN  CEREDIG  DA  VIES. 

JOHNSON  ON  THE  LETTER  H.  —  I  have 
recently  met  with  what  seems  to  me  to  be  a 
curious  thing,  and  I  should  like  to  know 
whether  it  has  ever  before  been  noticed. 

In  Boswell's  '  Life  of  Johnson  '  (near  the 
end  of  chapter  viii.)  is  the  following  pas- 
sage : — 

"The  celebrated  Mr.  Wilkes,  whose  notions  and 
habits  of  life  were  very  opposite  to  his,  but  who  was 
«ver  eminent  for  literature  and  vivacity,  sallied 
forth  with  a  little  jeu  d'esprit  upon  the  following 
passage  in  his  '  Grammar  of  the  English  Tongue 
prefixed  to  the  Dictionary  :  *  H  seldom,  perhaps 
never,  begins  any  but  the  first  syllable.'  In  an  essay 
printed  in  the  Public  Advertiser  this  lively  writer 
•enumerated  many  instances  in  opposition  to  this 
remark.  For  example  :  '  The  author  of  this  observa- 
tion must  be  a  man  of  a  quick  appre-hension,  and  of 
•a  most  comjire-hensive  genius.'  The  position  is 
undoubtedly  expressed  with  too  much  latitude. 

"  This  light  sally,  we  may  suppose,  made  no  great 
impression  on  our  lexicographer ;  for  we  find  that 
he  did  not  alter  the  passage  till  many  years  after- 
wards." 

This  note  by  Bos  well  is  added  :— 
"  In  the  third  edition,  published  in  1773,  he  left 
out  the  words  perhaps  never,  and  added  the  follow- 
ing paragraph : — 

4 '  It  sometimes  begins  middle  or  final  syllables 
in  words  compounded,  as  block-head,  or  derived 
from  the  Latin,  as  compre-hended.'  " 


It  does  not  seem  to  have  been  observed 
by  any  one  concerned  that  in  Johnson's 
"  remark  "  quoted  and  impugned  there  occurs 
the  word  per-haps^  which  itself  is  *'in  opposi- 
tion to  this  remark,"  since  h  in  that  word 
begins  a  syllable  other  than  the  first. 

This  seems  to  me  to  parallel  the  story 
(perhaps  a  humourist's  invention)  of  the 
grammarian  who  laid  it  down  as  a  rule  that 
"  a  preposition  is  not  a  good  word  to  end  a 
sentence  with."  THOMAS  LANGTON. 

Toronto. 

THE  "CHEGO"  AT  THE  Zoo.—  The  Zoo  has 
acquired  the  only  specimen  which  has  reached 
this  country  alive  of  a  rare  member  of  the 
monkey  tribe,  something  between  a  gorilla 
and  a  chimpanzee.  The  Daily  Neivs  (14  No- 
vember) had  an  article  on  it,  under  the  name 
of  "cheeko"  or  "chego."  This  will  probably 
become  widely  known.  It  is  therefore  worth 
while  to  point  out  that  it  is  only  another  way 
of  spelling  nschiego,  which  is  defined  in  the 
'  Century  Dictionary '  "  a  kind  of  ape  resem- 
bling the  chimpanzee,  by  some  considered  a 
distinct  species,  but  probably  a  mere  variety." 
Moreover,  there  is  still  another  orthography, 
namely,  jocko,  which  will  be  found  in  the 
'  N.E.D.'  These  terms,  cheeko,  chego,  nschiego, 
jocko,  are  all  derived  from  the  Oamma  lan- 
guage of  French  West  Africa. 

JAMES  PLATT,  Jun. 

"OBLIVIOUS." — I  have  of  late  frequently 
observed  that  some  writers  have  assigned  a 
new,  and  to  my  mind  an  inaccurate,  meaning 
to  the  above  word.  For  instance,  the  author 
of  'John  Chilcote,  M.P.,'  writes  :— 

"His  mind  was  full  as  he  walked  back  oblivious 
of  the  stone  parapet  of  the  Embankment,  of  the 
bare  trees,  and  the  flaring  lights." 

The  derivation  of  the  word  shows  that  it  is 
intended  to  convey  the  idea  of  a  lapse  of 
memory ;  but  the  sentence  quoted  indicates 
that  the  man's  disregard  of  the  objects 
detailed  was  due  not  to  any  lack  of  memory, 
but  to  a  lack  of  attention,  consequent  on  the 
absorption  of  his  mind  in  other  matters.  The 
drift  of  the  sentence  is  not  much  obscured  by 
the  use  of  the  word  ;  but  I  think  it  will  be 
allowed  that  the  substitution  for  "  oblivious  " 
of  some  such  word  as  "disregarding  "  or  "dis- 
regardful  "  would  be  an  improvement  in  the 
way  of  accuracy,  though  less  euphonious. 
CHAS.  G.  SHAW. 

FOLK-MEDICINE  IN  LINCOLNSHIRE. — J.  H.,  a 
girl  brought  up  on  Snitterby  Carr,  related 
the  following  story  some  years  ago  :  "  Once, 
when  I  had  toothache  very  bad,  a  woman  told 
me  to  get  some  scraped  horse-radish  and  put 
it  on  my  wrist  below  my  thumb  here.  She 


io*s.  ii.  DEC.  s.  MM.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


447 


«aid  it  was  to  go  on  the  left-side  wrist  for  a 
left-side  tooth,  and  on  the  right-side-wrist  for 
a  right-side  tooth,  then  it  would  draw  the 
pain.  My  word  !  I  had  an  arm  with  it !  But 
it  did  not  do  the  tooth  any  good  at  all." 

About  the  year  1865,  or  rather  earlier,  a 
nurse  at  Bottesford,  in  North  Lincolnshire, 
proposed  to  put  the  outer  layers  of  an  onion 
cooked  in  the  kitchen  fire  on  the  great  toe 
of  one  of  her  charges,  such  an  onion,  worn 
thimblewise  on  that  member,  being  good  for 
toothache.  While  she  was  seeking  the  remedy 
higher  authorities  intervened  and  carried  ofl 
the  patient,  who  is  therefore  unable  to  testify 
by  personal  experience  to  the  merits  of  the 
onion-cure.  JULIAN  E.  O.  W.  PEACOCK. 

"  EGGLER."  —  When  at  Oxford  lately 
learned  that  this  expression  is  used  by 
villagers  to  denote  middlemen  who  collect 
eggs  and  other  farm  produce  for  market. 
Although  it  appears  to  refer  to  the  eggs,  it 
may  be  related  to  haggler  or  higgler. 

FRANCIS  P.  MARCHANT. 
Streatham  Common. 

[See'KD.D.'a.v.] 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

MOZART  CONCERTO.  —  Permettez  -  moi  de 
vous  demander  un  renseignement  au  sujet 
d'un  Concerto  de  Mozart  que  je  me  rappelle 
avoir  vu  dans  le  catalogue  d'une  ancienne 
maison  d'edition  anglaise.  Je  crois,  sans 
pouvoir  I'affirraer,  que  c'etait  dans  celui  de 
la  maison  Longman  &  Brodrip  a  Londres. 
Voici  1'indication :  "  Rondo  for  a  Concerto 
for  Pianoforte  A  major  (Mozart).  N°  386  of 
the  catalogue  of  Kochel.  Composed  in 
Vienna,  19  Oct.,  1782." 

Serait-il  possible  de  savoir  si  ce  morceau 
peut  encore  etre  retrouve  en  Angleterre  ?    Je 
serai    bien    reconnaissant  du    moindre  ren- 
seignement. CTE.  DE  ST.  Foix. 
.31,  Rue  Pierre  Charron,  Paris. 

JENNY  CAMERON  OF  LOCHIEL.— The  anony- 
mous but  well-informed  reviewer  of  Strutt's 
'Dictionary  of  Engravers,'  whose  notice 
appeared  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for 
1786,  gives  some  interesting  details  regarding 
Purcell,  alias  Corbutt,  a  Dublin  engraver, 
long  employed  by  Hanbury  the  printseller. 
A  female  head,  we  are  told,  titled  *  Jenny 
Cameron/  and  inscribed  "Purcell  fecit,"  is 


in  reality  taken  from  a  portrait  of  Mrs. 
Woffington  by  Latham. 

As  no  copy  of  this  print  is  to  be  found 
in  the  British  Museum,  I  should  be  glad  to 
hear  from  any  collector  who  happens  to 
possess  one.  All  trace  of  Latham's  portrait 
of  Peg  Woffington  is  now  lost.  The  paint- 
ing in  the  Royal  Dublin  Society  ascribed  to 
Latham  for  the  past  forty  years  turns  out 
to  be  a  copy,  in  a  different  colour  scheme,  of 
John  Lewis's  portrait  of  the  actress,  painted 
in  Dublin  in  April,  1753,  several  years  after 
Latham's  decease.  As  this  fact  is  now  made 
public  for  the  first  time,  I  may  say  that  the 
original  portrait  (which  I  recently  had  the 
privilege  of  examining)  is  both  signed  and 
dated.  A  further  proof  of  its  authenticity 
comes  readily  to  hand  in  the  rare  mezzotint 
by  Jackson,  scraped  after  the  picture  with 
slight  variations,  and  ascribed  to  "Jn.  Lewis." 
W.  J.  LAWRENCE. 

54,  Shelbourne  Road,  Dublin. 

"  GALAPINE."— "Captaine"  Lazarus  Haward 
in  1647  published  *The  Charges  Issuing  forth 
of  the  Crown  Revenue  of  England,  and 
Dominion  of  Wales.  With  the  severall 
Officers  of  His  Majesties  Courts,  Customes. 

Housholds,  Houses with  their  severall 

Fees  and  Allowances  [Jec.].1  In  the  kitchen 
of  the  royal  household  were  (among  others)  :— 

£  s.  d. 
Six  Groomes  :  Fee  a  peice,  "2L  13*.  4d.  ...16  0  0 

Eight  Children  :  Fee  a  peice,  40* 16  0  0 

Galapines :  Apparell  for  them  of  the  Hall 

Kitchin,  and  of  the  privy  Kitchen  ...  50  0  0 
Surveyor  of  the  Dresser :  Fee  '2:2  1  3 

What  were  Galapines  ?  Q.  V. 

COUNT  TALLARD,  FRENCH  PRISONER  OP 
WAR. — Can  any  of  your  readers  enlighten 
me  as  to  the  burial-place  (together  with  epi- 
taph, if  such  exists  or  existed)  in  France  of 
Count  Tallard,  b.  1652,  d.  30  March,  1728? 
He  was  taken  prisoner  by  the  English  at  the 
battle  of  Blenheim,  1704,  and  kept  as  a 
prisoner  on  parole  at  Nottingham  down  to 
1711.  The  house  wherein  he  lived,  in  the 
then  aristocratic  quarter,  is  yet  pointed  out. 
I  am  collecting  the  scattered  references  to 
the  count  while  an  exile  in  England  for  a 
monograph  on  the  subject,  and  shall  be 
thankful  for  any  assistance. 

A.  STAPLETON. 

244,  Radford  Road,  Nottingham. 

BENJAMIN  BLAKE  :  XORMAN  :  OLDMIXON. — 
About  the  year  1682  Benjamin  Blake,  a 
younger  though  aged  brother  of  the  great 
admiral,  was  preparing  in  Bridgwater  to  emi- 
grate to  South  Carolina,  and  had  resident  in 
iis  house  a  daughter  and  her  husband,  his  son- 


448 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  n.  DEC.  3,  im. 


in-law,  who  taught  school,  and  John  Oldmixon, 
a  boy  of  about  nine  years  old,  bred  in  the 
Blake  family.  Up  to  this  moment  the  name 
of  the  schoolmaster  (which  possibly  may 
have  been  Norman)  has  baffled  the  most 
energetic  and  capable  attempts  at  discovery, 
both  in  England  and  Charleston,  U.S.  Can 
your  readers  help  me? 

Admiral  Blake's  biography,  as  to  his  family 
and  private  history,  and   indeed   as   to  his 
whole  career,  deserves  a  fuller  and   nobler 
monument  than  has  yet  been  raised  to  it. 
J.  K.  FITZ-NORMAN. 

Wellington  Cottage,  Ottery  St.  Mary,  Devon. 

VERSE  TRANSLATIONS  OF  MOLIERE.— Are 
there  any  translations  of  Moliere  in  verse1? 
In  "Morley's  Universal  Library"  is  not  the 
version  in  verse?  Have  you  ever  heard  of 
a  translation  by  Colomb  ?  L.  J.  H. 

CLOCK  BY  W.  FRANKLIN.— The  dial  is  of 
heavy  brass,  with  brass  castings  screwed 
in  corners  and  top.  The  top  casting  repre- 
sents two  cupids  supporting  a  shield  sur- 
mounted by  a  crown.  The  name  of  William 
Franklin,  London,  is  on  it.  I  want  to  know 
when  William  Franklin  was  in  business  in 
London,  so  as  to  ascertain  the  age  of  the 
clock.  W.  J.  RICHARDS. 

1544,  W.  8th  Street,  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  U.S. 

[William  Franklin  was  a  member  of  the  Clock- 
makers'  Company,  1712 ;  a  second  William  Franklin 
was  admitted  1731 ;  a  third  (a  watch  shagreen  case- 
maker,  Shoe  Lane,  1790)  was  in  the  livery  of  the 
company  1810.] 

WOOLMEN    IN    THE   FIFTEENTH    CENTURY.— 

Can  any  of  your  readers  inform  me  the  best 
sources  of  information  as  to  the  woolmen  and 
wool  trade,  especially  of  the  fifteenth  and  six- 
teenth centuries,  and  in  regard  to  the  counties 
of  Northants,  Gloucester,  Berks,  and  Wilts  ? 
REGINALD  MERIVALE. 

MRS.  ARKWRIGHT'S  SETTING  OF  'THE 
PIRATE'S  FAREWELL.'  —  In  a  foot-note  to 
chap.  iii.  vol.  ii.  of  Scott's  'The  Pirate 'it  is 
stated  that  the  verses  in  the  text  beginning 
"  Farewell !  Farewell !  the  voice  you  hear,'1 
have  been  beautifully  set  to  original  music 
by  Mrs.  Arkwright,  of  Derbyshire.  Can 
any  one  tell  me  where  this  music  is  to  be 
obtained  ?  ALEX.  RUSSELL,  M.A. 

Stromness,  Orkney. 

[Mrs.  Arkwright  was  a  Derbyshire  woman,  and 

t™oextr*cfc  teluthe  Derly  Mercury  of  25  March, 

903,  printed  9th  S.  xi.  366,  stated  that  many  of  her 

compositions   appear  in  a  shilling  volume  called 

(  Mrs.  Hemans's  Songs,  with  Music  by  her  Sister,' 

the  odd  thing  being  that  several  of  the  son«s  are 
not  by  Mrs.  Hemans,  nor  was  Mrs.  Arkwright  her 
sister.  It  is  thus  possible  that  'The  Pirate's 
-barewell  may  be  included  in  the  volume.] 


C.  MA.  H.  V. — A  Dutch  artist,  the  painter 
of  an  interior,  dated  1647,  signed  with  the 
above  initials.  Can  any  of  your  readers  tell 
me  who  he  was  ]  W.  ROBERTS. 

BIRTH  AT  SEA  IN  1805.  —  The  wife  of  a. 
British  naval  officer  gave  birth  to  a  daughter 
on  the  high  seas  in  1805,  on  board  a  vessel 
the  name  of  which  is  not  now  known.  The- 
mother  and  infant,  on  their  arrival  at  London, 
soon  after  the  event,  were  taken  to  the 
"  Saracen's  Head,"  Holborn,  which  I  presume 
is  the  hotel  of  that  name  in  Snow  HilL 
Where  would  the  birth  have  been  registered  £ 
A  search  in  the  Public  Record  Office  has  been 
without  success.  J.  CHRISTIE. 

[The  popular  idea  that  persons  born  at  sea  become 
parishioners  of  Stepney  is  without  legal  foundation. 
See  3rd  S.  x.  345,  379 ;  4th  S.  vi.  547  ;  8th  S.  xi.  433.] 

ENGLISH  BURIAL-GROUND  AT  LISBON. — Is 
there  any  accessible  account  of  the  eighteenth- 
century  monuments  and  inscriptions  in  the 
EnglisFi  burial-ground  at  Lisbon  1  The  British 
Museum  Catalogues  show  nothing  of  the  sort 
among  either  the  printed  books  or  the  MSS. 
R.  MARSHAM-TOWNSHEND. 

STATUE  DISCOVERED  AT  CHARING  CROSS. — 
Is  anything  known  as  to  the  existence  of  the 
statue  described  in  the  following  paragraph 
in  the  St.  James's  Evening  Post  for  19  July, 
17291?— 

"The  workmen  on  making  the  new  sewer  at 
Charing  Cross  found  a  statue  in  fine  marble ;  the 
labourer  by  digging  broke  off  the  arm.  The  work- 
manship of  this  statue  is  surprisingly  beautiful, 
and  has  amused  some  of  the  virtuosi,  and  was 
generally  said  to  be  St.  Sebastian  tied  to  a  tree, 
who  was  shot  to  death  by  arrows.  The  dying 
passions  expressed  by  distorted  muscles  and 
agonizing  pangs  are  beautifully  fine,  and  it  is 
looked  upon  as  a  very  great  curiosity." 

J.  HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

EPHIS  AND  HIS  LION. — I  wish  to  know- 
where,  in  Greek  or  Latin  literature,  the  story 
of  "  Ephis  and  his  lion,"  to  which  Charles 
Reade  refers  in  chap.  Ixxiv.  of  *  The  Cloister 
and  the  Hearth,'  can  be  found.  The  story  of 
"  Aridrocles  and  his  lion,"  mentioned  in  the 
context,  is,  of  course,  well  known,  and  is  to 
be  found,  with  the  name  of  "Androclus" 
rather  than  "  Androcles,"  in  book  v.  ch.  xiv. 
of  the  'Noctes  Atticre'  of  Aulus  Gellius. 

R.  W. 

JORDANGATE..— Some  account  of  the  name 
Jordangate,  in  connexion  with  the  town  of 
Macclesfield,  co.  Chester,  would  greatly 
oblige.  JUBAL  STAFFORD. 

7,  Grange  Avenue,  Heaton  Chapel,  by  Stockport. 

MCDONALD  OF  MURROCH. — McDonald,  Earl 
of  Kin  tyre,  had  a  brother  who  married  an 


.  ii.  DEC.  MOW.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


449 


heiress  and  changed  his  name  for  hers.  They 
had  one  son,  James  of  Murroch,  1641,  anc 
minister  of  Dumbarton  at  the  Revolution. 

Can  any  of  your  readers  refer  me  to  any  book 
which  records  the  death  of  the  wife  of  Jamej 
of  Murroch— she  was  a  daughter  of  Stirling 
of  the  shire  of  Stirling— or  the  date  of  her 
birth  1  The  second  edition  of  the  *  History 
of  Dumbartonshire '  does  not  record  it,  nor 
does  Nisbet's  *  Heraldry'  or  any  books  I 
have  referred  to.  CHARLES  P.  PORTER. 

11,  Brunswick  Place,  Cambridge. 

REV.  JOHN  WILSON,  OF  KING'S  COLLEGE 
CAMBRIDGE.  —  This  clergyman,  at  one  time 
incumbent  of  Sudbury,  in  Suffolk,  went  to 
America  and  became  the  first  pastor  of  the 
church  in  Boston.  It  is  believed  in  America 
that  an  ancestor  of  his  was  chaplain  to  one 
of  our  kings  and  was  knighted.  What 
authority  is  there  for  this  belief  ?  What  was 
his  name,  and  to  what  king  was  he  chaplain  i 
Was  he  knighted  1  and  if  so,  for  what  services" 

W.  S.  B.  H. 

BYRT  OF  SHROPHOUSE. — The  following  is 
an  extract  from  the  *  Golden  Grove  Book ' : — 

"James  Byrt,  second  son  of  Thomas  Byrt  of 
Byrthall  in  Essex  (descended  from  Sir  Walter 
Byrt,  Kt.,  temp.  Henry  II.),  was  steward  and 
receiver  to  Henry  Percy,  Earl  of  Northumberland, 
in  the  lordships  of  Haselbury  and  Briany,  co. 
Dorset.  The  said  Earl,  for  his  service,  gave  him 
Shrophouse,  where  his  name  remaineth.  He 

married  Anne,  daughter  and  heir  to Byrt  of 

Dorset." 

In  what  county  is  Shrophouse  ?  Is  Byrthall 
in  Essex  or  Kent  ?  And  to  which  county  did 
Sir  Walter  Byrt  belong  ?  Also  which  Earl  of 
Northumberland  is  intended  ?  I  presume 
the  one  born  in  1421,  who  died  in  1461.  This 
earl  was  first  cousin  to  Lady  ^Elizabeth 
Strangways,  of  Harlsey  Castle,  co.  York, 
whose  daughter  Eliza  is  supposed  to  have 
married  Robert  Byrt,  son  of  James  Byrt,  of 
Shrophouse,  and  thus  there  was  some 
relationship  between  the  two  families. 

G.  R.  BRIGSTOCKE. 
Ryde,  I.W. 

POWNILL.— Can  any  reader  tell  mo  where 
Pownill,  Perth,  is?  Did  anybody  possess  it 
in  its  entirety  between  1630  and  1640? 

CHARLES  P.  PORTER. 

11,  Brunswick  Place,  Cambridge. 

PARAGRAPH  MARK. — Is  there  any  name  for 
the  paragraph  mark?  and,  if  so,  what  is  it? 
It  is  stated  ante,  p.  303,  that  it  is  not  a 
P  turned  round ;  but  on  comparing  the 
fifteenth-century  printed  form  25  given  on 
that  page  with  the  alphabets  from  old 
handwriting  given  in  Andrew  Wright's 


*  Court-  Hand  Restored,'  there  appears  to  be 
some  likeness  between  it  ana  a  C  (see 
plates  3,  10,  and  18,  C.  T.  Martin's  ed.,  1879). 
Can  it  be  a  debased  form  of  C,  and  represent 
capitula  or  chapter  ?  H.  W.  UNDERDOWN. 

BARGA,  ITALY.  —  During  a  recent  stay  at 
the  Bagni  di  Lucca  I  drove  toBarga,nine  miles 
distant,  far  up  among  the  hills.  Baedeker, 
somewhat  too  concisely,  says,  "  The  village  of 
Barga  possesses  some  good  examples  of  the 
Delia  Robbias,"  and  that  is  all.  It  is,  in  fact, 
an  extremely,  interesting  small  walled  city  of 
the  most  mediaeval  kind,  with  a  cathedral  on 
a  plateau  commanding  a  magnificent  view 
of  the  neighbouring  mountains  and  valleys. 
Where  can  I  get  an  account  of  Barga's  his- 
tory? WILLIAM  GEORGE  BLACK. 

Ramoyle,  Dowanhill,  Glasgow. 

MRS.  CAREY.—  Wanted,  particulars  of  Airs. 
Carey,  actress,  and  mistress  (in  the  opening 
years  of  the  nineteenth  century)  of  Frederick, 
Duke  of  York  —  her  birth,  her  death,  her 
children,  and  her  career  ;  also  the  authors, 
titles,  and  dates  of  publication  of  any  books 
or  pamphlets  that  may  throw  a  light  on  her 
life.  I  have  been  appealed  to  by  one  who 
claims  to  be  a  descendant  of  the  Duke  by 
this  lady,  and,  being  unable  to  advise  myself, 
ask  the  kindly  courtesy  of  the  readers  of 
1  N.  &  Q.'  GEORGE  DAVID  GILBERT. 

[Is  Mrs.  Mary  Anne  Clarke  intended?  See  her 
biography  in  the  'D.N.B.'  and  the  bibliography 
appended.]  _ 


RICHARD   OF  SCOTLAND. 

(10th  S.  ii.  408.) 

MR.   WILLIAM   GEORGE    BLACK   has   been 
misled  by  the  praise  worthy,  but  not  altogether 
successful    attempt    of    the    authorities    at 
S.  Frediano  to  be  helpful  to  the  travelling 
Briton.     Richard  was  no  king  of  Scotland, 
)ut  he  was  a  prince  in  Wessex  early  in  the 
eighth  century.    He  left  his  country  with  his 
sons  Willibald  and  Wunibald,  whose  names 
are  also  on  the  roll  of  saints,  to  make  a 
nlgrimage  to  Rome,   but  lingered  long    at 
arious    shrines  on   the   way,  and    died    at 
ucca  short  of  his   goal.    There,  says  Mr. 
Baring-Gould,  "his  relics  are  still  preserved 
and  his  festival  is  kept  with  singular  devo- 
tion." He  is  commemorated  on  7  February. 
Mr.  A.  J.  C.  Hare  tells  us  ('Cities  of  Central 
taly,'  vol.  i.  p.  62)  that  St.  Richard's  wife  was 
ister    of    the   famous    Boniface,   and   that, 
resides  having   the  canonized   sons  I  have 
•eferred  to,  his  daughter  became  St.  Walburgh. 
Mr.  Hare  likewise  quotes  the  epitaph  seen  by 


450 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  n.  DEC.  3,  im. 


Evelyn,  over  which  MR.  BLACK  may  also  like 
to  ponder : — 

Hie  rex  Richardus  requiescit,  sceptifer  almus. 

Rex  fuit  Anglorum,  regnum  tenet  iste  polorum. 

Regnum  demisit,  pro  Christo  cuncta  reliquit:! 

Ergo  Richardum  nobis  dedit  Anglia  sanctum. 

Hie  genitor  sanctse  Walburga?  Virginia  almae, 

Et  Willibaldi  sancti  simul  et  Vinebaldi, 

(Suffragium  quorum  nobis  det  regna  polorum. 

In  Bray's  edition  of  Evelyn's  '  Diary '  occurs 
the  annotation  "  Who  this  Richard,  King  of 
England,  was;  it  is  impossible  to  say ;  the 
tomb  still  exists  and  has  long  been  a  crux  to 
Antiquaries  and  Travellers."  Was  it  New- 
man's *  Lives '  that  first  removed  it  1 

There  are  many  points  of  interest  in  this 
church  of  S.  Frediano  or  St.  Frigidianus. 
He  himself,  Bishop  of  Lucca,  came  from  Ire- 
land in  the  sixth  century,  and  is  still  remem- 
bered as  a  worker  of  wonders.  During  a  flood 
he  turned  the  course  of  the  Serchio  and 
marked  out  a  new  track  for  it  with  a  narrow. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

Richard  of  Scotland  has  not  found  a  place 
in  the  *  D.N.B./  but  there  is  a  long  account  of 
him  in  the  '  Acta  Sanctorum '  under  the  date 
of  7  February.  The  details  of  his  life  are  very 
vague,  and  it  is  by  no  means  clear  that  he 
ever  was  a  king.  Certainly  he  was  not  a 
Scot ;  the  principal  authority  for  this  state- 
ment is  Thomas  Dempster,  w'lio  in  his  'Eccle- 
siastical History  of  Scotland'  says  that 
Richard  and  his  children,  SS.  Willibald, 
Wunibald,  and  Walburga,  who  are  better 
known^than  their  father,  were  "natione 
Scotos."  But  these  saints  were  natives  of  a 
southern  English  kingdom,  either  Kent, 
Sussex,  or  Wessex,  and  their  mother  was  a 
sister  of  St.  Boniface,  and  a  relation  of  Ina, 
King  of  Wessex.  St.  Richard,  following  the 
example  of  Ina  and  other  English  kings, 
went  on  pilgrimage  to  Rome,  but  died  on  the 
way  and  was  buried  at  Lucca  about  the  year 
725.  Miracles  were  worked  at  the  tomb  of 
St.  Richard,  and  some  relics  of  him  were 
brought  to  Canterbury  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  VII.,  who  was  present  to  receive  them, 
and  claimed  the  saint  as  an  ancestor.  The 
writer  of  the  article  '  Walburga'  in  *  D.N.B  ' 
seems  to  doubt  the  existence  of  St.  Richard 

?e  TJ*  i°f  f°y?S>  to  be  distinguished   from 
St.  Richard  of  Chichester. 

J.  A.  J.  HOUSDEN. 
18,  Compton  Road,  Canonbury. 

It  will  be  a  service  to  refer  MR.  BLACK  to 
the  Hodceporicon  '  of  St.  Willibald,  trans- 
lated in  1895  by  the  late  Bishop  (then  Canon) 
.Brownlow,  and  published  in  the  "  Library  " 
ot  the  Palestine  Pilgrims' Text  Society,  vol.  iii. 
-trom  that  interesting  narrative  it  will 


appear  that  the  subject  of  the  query  was  a 
king,  not  of  Scotland,  but  of  a  locality  un- 
known, and  the  father  of  the  Anglo-Saxon 
pilgrims  Willibald,  Wunebald,  and  Walburga. 

JEROME  POLLARD-URQUHART,  O.S.B. 
The  Abbey,  Fort- Augustus. 


SPELLING  REFORM  (10th  S.  ii.  305). — I  have 
not  had  the  advantage  of  seeing  the  'Rules 
for  Compositors  and   Readers  at  the  Uni- 
versity  Press,   Oxford,'  but  from   the  REV. 
J.  B.  McGovERN's  references  to  it,  I  feel  sure 
it  must  be  an  amusing  and  instructive  book. 
As    a    "literary    conservative,"     to    borrow 
MR.  McGovERN's  phrase,  I  am  averse  from 
unnecessary  change,  and   as   regards  words 
ending  in  -ise  and  -ize,  I  think  the  good  old 
rule    should    be    adhered    to,   namely,   that 
words  derived   from   the  Greek  should  end 
in  -ize,  and  all  others,  such  as  advertise,  in 
-ise,  although  a  well-known  literary  friend 
(perhaps  a  literary  radical)  does   persist  in 
writing    advertizement,    in    defiance    of    Dr. 
Murray.      Analyse,  though  of  Greek  origin, 
is  of  different  construction,   being    derived 
from  the  verbal  noun  analysis,  and  not  from 
an  imaginary  analyzein.   But  there  is  a  phase 
of  the  question   that    MR.   McGovERN    has 
overlooked,  which  is  not  only  of  interest  to 
ourselves,  but  may  be  still  more  interesting 
to  those  of  our  descendants  whose  vocation 
it    may  be  to  study  Edwardian    manners. 
This  is  the  use  of  spelling  as  an  ecclesiastical 
or  political  symbol.     If  one  receives  a  letter 
from  a  clergyman  asking  for  subscriptions  to 
defray  the  expense  of  putting  a  new  roof  on 
his  church  of  "S.  Mary's,"  the  mind's  eye  at 
once  pictures  an  M.B.  waistcoat,  a  strait-cut 
coat,  and.  an  all-round   collar.     If,   on   the 
other  hand,  the  money  is  to  be  devoted  to 
"  St.  Mary's,"  we  feel  sure  it  will  go  to  an 
ecclesiastic  with  a  tall  silk  hat,  a  loosely  tied 
white  "choker,"  and  a  rather  fly-away  frock 
coat.     MR.   McGovERN    draws  attention  to 
the  compiler's  injunctions  against  phonetic 
spellings,  such  as  program,  &c.     This  enables 
us  at  once  to  see  what  the  compiler's  political 
principles  are.     Many  people  would  say,  "  If 
I  write  anagram,  diagram,  telegram,  &c.,  why 
may  I  not  write  program?"    The  answer  is, 
"  You  may  do  so  if  you  are  a  Home  Ruler,  or 
a  Little  Englander.  or  a  Passive  Resister,  but 
not  otherwise.     If  you  follow  the  gospel  of 
the  Daily  News  or  the  Daily  Chronicle,  you 
may  write  about  your  program  as  much  as 
you  like  ;  but  if  you  prefer  the  tenets  of  the 
Morning  Post  or  the  Standard,  you  can  have 
nothing  but  a  programme"     I  was  glad  to 
observe  the  other  day  that  the  Spectator,  with 
great  ingenuity,  had  also  invented  &  political 


s.  ii.  UK,-.  3,1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


451 


spelling,  which  at  once  differentiates  a  Fiscal 
Reformer  from  a  follower  of  Cobden.  In  its 
issue  for  15  October  the  Spectator  in  a  lead- 
ing article  six  times  refers  to  the  morale 
of  the  Russian  army.  The  Times,  since  Mr. 
Chamberlain  has  initiated  his  campaign,  has 
-adopted  the  correct  word  moral.  It  is  impos- 
sible that  the  Spectator,  which  lives  amongst 
the  Muses  on  the  very,  summit  of  Parnassus, 
can  be  ignorant  that  morale,  in  the  sense  in 
which  it  is  employed,  is  neither  French  nor 
English,  and  it  must  therefore  use  it  in  order 
to  show  that  its  views  on  fiscal  questions  are 
the  very  opposite  of  those  enunciated  by  the 
Times.  I  have  not  yet  discovered  the  exact 
tinge  of  thought  which  is  reflected  in  the 
parcimony  of  the  Times  or  the  rime  of 
'  N.  <fe  Q.,'  because  the  fact  that  these 
spellings  are  correct  has  little  to  do  with  the 
tpatter.  The  public  detests  accuracy,  but 
rejoices  in  a  highly  coloured  symbolism.  We 
may  therefore  expect  a  rapid  development 
of  this  easy  method  of  conjugating  the  verb 
distinguo,  and  to  our  descendants,  who  a 
couple  of  hundred  years  hence  will  probably 
have  brought  this  system  of  registering  ideas 
to  a  high  degree  of  perfection,  these  notes 
upon  its  early  professors  may  be  of  value. 
W.  F.  PEIDEAUX. 

How  MR.  McGovERN  can  approve  the 
' Rules'  of  the  Clarendon  Press  I  cannot 
understand.  They  are  in  many  instances 
exactly  the  contrary  of  what  they  should  be, 
according  to  common  sense  and  common 
usage.  However,  as  he  says,  the  difficulties 
are  enormous,  and  therefore  I  will  not  attempt 
a  refutation  which  would  require  half  a 
number  of  '  N.  &  Q.,'  at  a  moderate  computa- 
tion. 

When  writing  my  *  Swimming'  I  had  to 
consider  all  these  matters  in  detail.  I  will 
only  take  two.  I  had  to  use  the  word  pro- 
gram. I  found  that  we  pronounced  it 
/n-ngram :  that,  in  fact,  that  was  the  English 
form,  and  therefore  there  was  no  use  in 
adding  me  which  was  not  pronounced.  The 
French  do  pronounce  the  final  me. 

Though  in  most  instances  the  Clarendon 
Press  '  Rules '  are  so  bad,  I  agree  with  some 
—as  keeping  the  original  word  intact,  in 
abridgement,  &c.  For  simplicity  no  words 
should  alter  with  affixes  or  prefixes.  It  is 
quite  useless  doubling  the  I  at  the  end  of  a 
word  like  travel.  We  say  travel-ing,  not 
travl-ling,  &c.  It  is  equally  bad  (because  a 
useless  complication)  to  drop  an  I  when  put 
at  the  beginning,  as  al  right.  I  agree  with 
MR.  McGovERX  that  forego  is  much  prefer- 
able ;  it  is  a  pity  if  it  is  wrong. 

The  second  instance  is  connect.    I  found 


children  were  taught  by  some,  when  they 
wanted  a  connection,  to  write  connexion  ;  but 
when  they  wanted  connected  they  were  to  go 
back  again  to  the  original  form,  and  not 
connexed.  Here  was  a  troublesome  complica- 
tion, so  I  use  connect,  -ion,  -ed.  According  to 
popular  ideas  I  ought  to  have  written  con- 
necttion—so  nice  and  useless.  I  never  adopted 
any  spelling,  however  sensible,  unless  I  found 
it  in  *  The  Century  Dictionary,'  published  by 
the  Times,  or  some  other. 

RALPH  THOMAS. 

The  *  Rules  for  Compositors  and  Readers 
at  the  University  Press,  Oxford,'  is  a  much 
more  important  document  than  is  generally 
recognized,  for  whatever  rules  are  adopted 
at  the  Clarendon  Press  will  tend  to  make 
permanent  the  methods  of  spelling  adopted 
in  the  rules.  For  some  reasons  it  is  much  to 
be  regretted  that  Oxford  has  struck  out  a 
line  of  its  own  in  this  matter.  It  is  not  only 
Oxford  which  is  interested.  Every  teaching 
institution  in  the  United  Kingdom  is  in- 
terested as  well.  There  is  still  time  to  submit 
the  rules  to  other  universities,  and  to  the 
Conference  of  Head  Masters  of  our  great 
schools.  And  perhaps  if  this  is  done  the 
retrogressive  rules  on  the  spelling  of  words 
ending  in  -ise  and  -ize  may  be  modified.  The 
tendency  in  the  past  has  been  to  drop  the  z 
in  favour  of  s.  Why  should  this  tendency 
be  arrested  by  the  rules,  and  a  new  spelling 
difficulty  introduced  by  authority?  They 
who  teach  have  surely  had  difficulties  enough 
in  the  past;  they  do  not  desire  fresh 
difficulties  thrust  upon  them  :  they  would 
be  glad  to  have  some  of  the  difficulties 
removed.  It  is  quite  conventional,  and  in 
defiance  of  all  rule,  that  the  words  license, 
practise,  prophesy,  are  spelt  with  ce  when 
used  as  nouns  ;  why  should  they  be  \  There 
are  words  like  attendance,  which  require 
alteration  by  authority.  All  the  rules  for 
the  addition  of  syllables  require  revision, 
with  a  view  to  simplify  the  recognized 
spelling  rules  and  to  lessen  the  number  of 
exceptions.  This  might  be  done  by  the 
Clarendon  Press  alone  in  course  of  time  ; 
but  it  ought  not  to  be  done  in  that  way. 
It  ought  to  be  done  by  the  general  discussion 
and  consent  of  all  whose  opinion  is  worth 
having.  F.  P. 

*  ASSISA  DE  TOLLONEIS,'  &c.  (10th  S.  ii.  387). 
—If  MR.  WHITWELL  will  look  at  pp.  246,  247 
in  vol.  i.  of  the  *  Acts  of  Parliaments  of  Scot- 
land,' he  will  there  find  the  authorities  from 
which  the  text  of  the  documents  in  question 
has  been  taken,  and  he  will  find  an  account 
of  these  authorities  on  pp.  177-210.  It  is 


452 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  DEC.  3, 190*. 


possible  that  an  examination  of  these  MSS. 
may  throw  some  light  on  the  exact  date  of 
the  documents,  but  I  do  not  think  it  is  likely. 
N"or  is  it  at  all  probable  that  the  editor 
"deliberately  and  of  malice  prepense"  omitted 
to  mention  the  date.  I  have  seen  the  Drum- 
mond  MS.  which  is  one  of  the  authorities  for 
the  preamble  of  the  *  Oustuma  Portuum,'  and 
there  is  no  word  (not  even  "&c.")  between 
"millesimo"  and  "facta."  The  Drummond 
MS.  is  now  in  H.M.  Register  House,  Edin- 
burgh. J.  B.  P. 

"  HONEST  BROKER"  (10th  S.  ii.  369).— I  take 
it  that  Prince  Bismarck,  who  used  the 
expression  "  eines  ehrlichen  Maklers  "  (of  an 
honest  broker)  in  the  Reichstag,  19  Feb- 
ruary, 1878  (see  my  new  volume,  'Famous 
Sayings  and  their  Authors/  p.  197),  was  not 
referring  to  any  one  in  particular  (and 
certainly  not  to  himself)  by  the  term,  but 
rather  employed  it  in  a  way  similar  to  our 
allusion  to  "an  honest  lawyer."  At  all 
events,  no  doubt  a  report  of  the  speech  could 
easily  be  referred  to,  and  so  settle  the  point. 
My  idea  may  be  wrong. 

EDWARD  LATHAM. 

In  the  section  on  'Germany'  in  the  'Annual 
Register'  for  1878,  p.  [288],  an  account  is 
given  of  a  speech  of  Bismarck  in  1878, 
relating  to  the  then  intended  Congress  on 
the  Eastern  Question.  In  this  speech  (I 
quote  the  'Register')  "  Germany,  the  Prince 
said,  ^had  no  wish  to  act  as  arbiter  in  the 
pending  conflict.  All  her  ambition  was 
confined  to  the  modest  task  of  a  broker  who 
settled  a  bargain  between  different  parties." 

J.  GARNET. 

The  passage  from  the  speech  in  which 
Bismarck  used  the  phrase  "ehrlicher  Mak- 
ler"  is  reproduced  in  Biichmann's  '  Gefliigelte 
Worte.'  G.  KRUEGER. 

Berlin. 

CORKS  (10th  S.  ii.  347,  391).— In  connexion 
with  this  subject  it  may  be  worth  noting 
that  cork  pool  was  a  favourite  game  at  the 
universities,  and  probably  elsewhere,  in  the 
seventies.  Later  variations  of  this  are  black 
and  snooker  pool. 

Another  very  popular  game  with  children 
of  a  certain  age  is  to  place  a  cork  on  the 
centre  spot  of  a  billiard  table,  with  a  coin 
upon  it— usually  a  halfpenny— which,  start- 
ing from  baulk,  they  have  to  knock  over 
with  a  billiard  ball,  rolled  by  hand,  after 
nrst  striking  the  bottom  cushion.  When  one 
of  the  party  has  accomplished  this,  two 
cushions  have  to  be  struck  (the  bottom  always 
nrst),  then  three,  then  four,  and  so  on  de  nouo. 


It  is  a  capital  amusement,  necessitating  con- 
siderable skill,  especially  with  three  cushions. 
In  practice  I  have  found  that,  as  might  be 
anticipated,  children  will  continue  the  game- 
just  so  long  as  their  elders  care  to  provide 
the  necessary  incentive.  It  is  really  a  varia- 
tion of  thejeu  de  bouchon. 

HOLCOMBE  INGLEBY. 
Sedgeford  Hall,  Norfolk. 

"RAVISON":  "  SCRIVELLOES  "  (10th  S.  iL 
227,  292).— It  is  said,  though  I  am  unable  to- 
get  confirmation  or  denial,  that  the  Portu- 
guese for  bcrivelloe  is  escrevelho.  Screvelios, 
given  on  p.  227  as  an  old  English  form  of  the 
word,  certainly  suggests  a  Portuguese  source, 
and  with  e  short  before  the  I  would  be  a 
very  good  English  attempt  to  pronounce  the 
Portuguese  word. 

In  Constancio's  dictionary,  seventh  edition, 
I  find :— 

"  Escaravelha,  s.f.  v.  Caravelha." 

"Caravelha,  s.m.  (corrupgao  do  Lat.  'clavicula/ 
dim.  de  '  clavis,'  chave),  pega  de  pao,  marfim,  ou 
metal  em  que  se  enrolao  as  cordas  de  instrumentos 
de  musica,  e  que  serve  de  as  apertar  ou  afrouxar  ; 
pe^a  com  que  os  bombeiros  tapao  o  ouvido  dos 
morteiros,  cavilha." 

Escaravelho  is  the  scarabeus.  Cavilha  is 
a  wooden  nail,  an  iron  pin,  peg,  bolt.  All 
these  Portuguese  words  suggest  a  horn  or 
peg,  so,  whatever  may  be  the  original  ortho- 
graphy, escrevelho  (if  there  be  such  a  word) 
appears  to  be  another  form  of  escaravelho, 
Scrivelloes  is  in  German  escrevellen.  I  cannot 
find  scrivelloe  in  the  '  Anglo-Indian  Glossary  ' 
('  Hobson- Jobson '),  but  there  can  be  little 
doubt  of  its  derivation  from  the  Portuguese. 

R.  W.  B. 

While  thanking  DR.  FORSHAW  for  his  reply 
to  my  query,  may  I  be  allowed  to  point  out 
wherein  it  fails  to  satisfy  me  ? 

"Ravison,"  so  far  as  I  have  observed,  is 
never  applied  to  linseed,  or  to  linseed  oil, 
but  only  to  rape  oil  or  rape  seed  (see,  for 
instance,  under  '  Home  Markets '  in  the 
Times  of  14  November). 

Since  the  term  can  be  applied  to  rape  seed, 
as  well  as  to  rape  oil,  it  can  scarcely  mean 
"  half-boiled  oil "  of  any  description. 

"  Spot "  is,  I  think,  merely  commercial  slang 
for  goods  ready  for  delivery  or  on  the  spot. 

'TRACTS  FOR  THE  TIMES'  (10th  S.  ii.  347, 
398).— Possibly  a  more  accessible  source  of 
information  is  the  invaluable  *  Whitaker's 
Almanack.'  The  index  at  the  end  of  the 
current  volume  assures  me  that  there  was  an 
article  on  the  '  Tracts  '  in  the  issue  for  1883, 
pp.  440-2.  I  cannot  lay  my  hand  on  my 


.  ii.  DEC.  3, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


453 


copy,  but  ray  remembrance  is  that  the  par- 
ticulars required  will  be  found  there.   Q.  V. 

NINE  MAIDENS  (10th  S.  ii.  128,  235,  396).— 
May  I  add  to  the  list  the  little -known 
example  at  Urquhart,  on  the  Innes  Estate, 
near  Elgin  1  The  circle  is  now  incomplete,  as 
several  stones  were  removed  in  the  last 
century  and  broken  up. 

W.   H.   QUARRELL. 

There  are  two  fine  and  little-known  dolmens 
in  a  field  opposite  the  "  Cromlech"  Inn  at 
Dyffryn,  Merioneth.  ROBINIA. 

"MALI"  (10th  S.  ii.  426).— I  am  afraid  my 
writing  was  indistinct.  This  should  be  rnale, 
not  "  mail."  At  all  events,  it  is  so  printed 
in  the  extract  of  book  quoted. 

JAS.  CURTIS,  F.S.A. 

WILLIAM  III.'s  CHARGERS  AT  THE  BATTLE 
OF  THE  BOYNE  (10th  S.  ii.  321,  370,  415).— I 
commend  perusal  of  the  contemporaneous 
and  circumstantial  relation  of  the  battle  of 
the  Boyne,  by  an  actual  participant,  in  the 
*  Memoires  In  edits  de  Duraont  de  Bostaquet, 
Gentilhomme  Xormand,'  edited  by  MM. 
Charles  Head  arid  Francis  Waddington,  Paris, 
1864.  This  work  has  twice  been  mentioned 
by  me  in  *  X.  &  Q.'  (9th  S.  xi.  87 ;  10th  S.  i. 
446).  The  book  may  be  found  in  the  British 
Museum,  press- mark  10663  g.  There  is  no 
copy  in  America  known  to  me  other  than  the 
one  in  my  possession.  A  quotation  from  its 
pages  follows : — 

"A  pcine  1'avant-garde  etoit-elle  arrivee  [at  the 
Boyne J  que  le  roi  voulut  s'approcher  de  la  riviere 
pour  conside'rer  de  plus  pres  le  camp  des  ennemis, 
qui  n'e'toient  separes  de  nous  que  par  cette  riviere 
qui,  de  mer  haute,  n'est  pas  gueable  en  cet  endroit. 
Les  ennemis,  qui  avoient  quelquea  canons  en  bat- 
terie,  tirerent  sur  le  roi,  et  up  boulet  1'approcha  de 
si  pres  qu'il  lui  emporta  partie  de  la  manche  de  son 
surtout,  rompit  meme  sa  chemise  et  lui  fit  une 
le"gere  contusion."—'  Memoires  Inedits,'  p.  269. 

If  the  Editor  will  bear  with  me,  I  should 
like  to  emphasize  here  the  importance  of  this 
truly  delectable  tale  of  the  "  Glorious  Revo- 
lution of  1688."  It  is  surprising  that  no 
English  scholar  has  attempted  its  transla- 
tion. Extended  mention  of  Dumont  de 
Bostaquet  is  made  in  'The  Huguenots,'  by 
Samuel  Smiles,  who  gives  an  English  version 
of  a  few  paragraphs  from  the  'Memoires.' 
As  I  have  before  observed,  the  book,  being 
of  undoubted  authenticity,  merits  an  un- 
abridged translation.  Lord  Macaulay  con- 
sulted the  original  manuscript  when  writing 
his  '  History  of  England,'  but  made  little 
use  of  it,  owing,  no  doubt,  to  the  difficulty  of 
deciphering  the  old  Norman-French  in  which 
it  was  written. 


"  Et  n'a  pu  les  utiliser  qu'.i  dater  de  la  campagne 
d'Irlande  (juillet,  1689) ;  encore  ne  l'a-t-il  paa  fait 
comnie  s'il  ayait  eu  &  sa  disposition  un  document 
imprimd,  au  lieu  d'un  mamtxcrit  d'une  lecture  peu 
courante." — 'M6moires  Inedits,'  p.  xxii,  note. 

EUGENE  FAIRFIELD  McPiKE. 
Chicago,  U.S. 

I  wish  to  remind  COL.  MULLOY  that  MR. 
CHARLES  DALTON  in  his  interesting  com- 
munication correctly  surmised  that  it  was 
not  Col.  Wolseley,  but  quite  another  officer — 
namely,  Capt.  Mulloy— who  rendered  valu- 
able assistance  to  William  when  he  was 
unhorsed  at  the  Boyne.  My  affection  for 
Drogheda  and  its  traditions  (I  am  a  great- 
great-grandson  of  Mr.  Peter  Dromgople,  who 
not  only  entertained  James  II.  in  his  house 
in  Drogheda,  but,  what  is  more,  was  one  of 
the  few  persons  who  remained  true  to  their 
ungrateful  king  to  the  bitter  end)  induced 
me  to  enter  the  conflict  originated  by  MR. 
DALTON  ;  and  I  venture  to  believe  that  the 
unimpeachable  evidence  I  produced  proved 
without  any  possible  doubt  whatever  that 
Viscount  Wolseley 's  statement  on  the  subject 
in  his  autobiography  has  simply  no  founda- 
tion in  fact.  HENRY  GERALD  HOPE. 

119,  Elms  Road,  Clapham,  S.W. 

How  TO  CATALOGUE  SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY 
TRACTS  (10th  S.  ii.  388).  —  I  do  not  know 
whether  there  is  any  book  dealing  specifically 
with  the  method  of  cataloguing  such  tracts  ; 
but  there  is  a  catalogue  already  in  existence 
which  affords  an  admirable  example  of  how 
the  thing  ought  to  be  done.  The  title  is  as 
follows  : — 

"Catalogue  of  a  collection  of  historical  tracts, 
1561-1800,  in  DLXXXII  volumes  :  collected  and  anno- 
tated by  Stuart  J.  Reid.  The  gift  of  Mrs.  Peter 
Redpath  to  the  Redpath  Library,  McGill  Univer- 
sity, Montreal.  London  :  Printed  by  the  donor  for 
private  circulation.  MCMI." 
Only  fifty  copies  were  printed,  but  there  is 
a  copy  in  the  University  Library,  Birming- 
ham, and  probably  in  the  libraries  of  other 
English  universities.  The  collection  which 
it  represents  is  unique,  and  includes,  doubt- 
less, a  large  number  of  the  pamphlets  with 
which  INEXPERT  has  to  deal.  Mr.  Reid  in  a 
note  at  the  back  of  the  title-page  says  : — 

*'  The  basis  of  the  present  collection  of  historical 
tracts  was  a  group  of  State  pamphlets  in  forty 
volumes,  gathered  by  Sir  John  Bramston,  M.P. 
(1611-1700),  Chairman  of  Committees  in  the  House 
of  Commons  in  the  early  years  of  Charles  II. 'a 

reign The  collection  as  it  now  stands  is  rich  in 

Civil  War  and  Commonwealth  Tracts." 
The  order    is    chronological,    supplemented 
by   an    index   to    annotations   (mainly   bio- 
graphical). Regard  being  had  to  the  enormous 
number  of    pamphlets    which    were    issued 


454 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  11.  DEC.  3, 


anonymously  and  pseudonymously,  this  is 
the  best  and  most  scientific  arrangement.  If 
this  plan  be  adopted  (with  some  possible 
alterations  in  the  technical  bibliographical 
matter),  the  result  should  be  highly  satis- 
factory. H.  W.  C. 
University  Library,  Birmingham. 

The  tract  may  be  treated  exactly  as  though 
it  were  a  bound  volume.  If  the  catalogue  is 
to  be  arranged  under  authors'  names,  the 
entry  would  be  as  examples  appended. 

If  the  author's  name  is  known,  though  not 
appearing  in  the  work,  the  name  is  inserted 
in  square  brackets,  as  in  the  case  of  Hall's 
4  Remonstrance.'  If  the  author  is  not  known, 
the  leading  word  of  title  makes  the  most 
ready  reference;  thus  'Essex  Watchmen's 
Watchword'  would  be  found  under  'Essex.' 

The  greatest  difficulty  to  the  non-technical 
compiler  is  in  determining  the  correct  de- 
finition of  the  size  ;  for  example,  a  foolscap 
4to  may  have  been  cut  down  to  a  pott  4to 
in  some  copies  while  left  full  in  others,  what 
appears  as  an  octavo  may  be  a  quarto,  and 
12mos  and  18mos  are  a  veritable  puzzle. 
Perhaps  the  better  plan  is  to  give  the  size  of 
the  title-page  in  inches. 

If  the  catalogue  is  to  be  of  more  interest 
than  a  mere  list  of  books,  it  is  well  to  add  a 
short  memorandum  of  any  noteworthy  fact 
(as  below). 

Cards  are  preferable  to  any  other  form  of 
MS.  catalogue,  as  additions  and  alterations 
can  be  made  without  destruction  of  the 
sequence  ;  but  care  should  be  taken  to  select 
good  linen  cards,  such  as  are  supplied  by 
firms  making  a  speciality  of  library  supplies. 

[Hall  (Joseph),  Bishop.]  An  Humble  Remon- 
strance to  the  High  Court  of  Parliament,  By  A 
dutifull  sonne  of  the  Church.— ii+43  pp.  Pott  4°. 
London.  1640.  This  work  led  to  the  celebrated 
reply  published  under  the  title  of  '  Smectymnus.' 

Marshall  (Stephen).     A  Sermon  Preached  before 

the  Honourable  House    of    Commons At   their 

publike  Fast,  November  17,  1640.  —  vi+50  pp 
Fcap.  4°.  London.  1641.  This  writer  took  a 
leading  part  in  the  noted  controversial  publication 
Smectymnus,'  the  first  two  letters  of  that  title 
being  his  own  initials. 

The  book-lover  finds  memoranda,  such  as 
shown  above,  give  an  added  interest  to  items 
in  the  collection.  I  have  referred  to  but  few 
points  and  to  the  method  I  have  adopted  ; 
far  more  may  be  learnt  from  Quinn's  *  Manual 
of  Library  Cataloguing,'  published  at  181, 
Queen  Victoria  Street,  E.C. 

I.  C.  GOULD. 

THE  TENTH  SHEAF  (10th  S.  ii.  349).— My 
grandmother,  who  was  born  at  Naseby  in 
1808,  dictated  to  me  a  short  time  before  her 
death  a  few  notes  concerning  Naseby  Field 


previous  to  its  enclosure.  Amongst  them  I  find 
the  following  paragraph,  which  may  perhaps 
be  of  interest  to  MR.  H.  W.  UNDERDOWN  : — 

"  The  Tithes  (the  tenth  part  of  corn  and  grass) 
were  collected  on  the  field.  As  soon  as  the  corn 
and  grass  were  cut  the  titheman  went  round  and 
stuck  a  large  dock  upright  in  every  tenth  shock  of 
corn  or  cock  of  hay.  These  the  farmer  always  left 
on  the  ground  when  he  carried.  The  hay  was  very 
troublesome  to  collect,  as  it  lay  in  so  many  different 
places  about  the  field.  The  tithe  ricks  when  made 
were  very  long  ones,  and  a  chimney  or  hole  about 
two  feet  square  was  left  in  the  middle  of  the  rick 
to  aid  the  heating  which  nearly  always  occurred. 
I  remember  one  of  these  ricks  taking  fire  in  spite  of 
all  precautions,  and  the  greater  part  of  it  was 
spoiled  as  well  as  a  bean  rick  which  caught  fire 
from  it.  The  Tithe  Barn,  where  the  tenth  part  of 
the  corn  was  housed,  still  stands  near  the  church 
and  is  a  very  remarkable  building." 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 
West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

I  do  not  know  if  it  is  of  any  use,  but  I 
can  remember,  when  riding  about  the  Isle  of 
Sheppey,  Kent,  as  a  bo3T,  with  my  father,  in 
the  early  thirties,  seeing  "shocks" — each 
consisting  of,  I  think,  ten  sheafs — marked 
with  a  green  bough  in  various  fields,  which 
he  explained  to  me  was  the  tenth  of  the 
crop  ("tithe")  as  selected  by  the  clergyman 
or  his  representative,  and  was  afterwards  duly 
carted  away  by  him.  But  all  this  will  have 
ceased  long  ago,  after  the  Tithe  Commutation 
Act.  G.  C.  W. 

CHILDREN  AT  EXECUTIONS  (10th  S.  ii.  346). 
— I  cannot  cite  any  instances  of  children 
being  taken  to  see  executions  ;  but  there  is  a 
passage  in  Mrs.  Sherwood's  *  Fairchild  Family,' 
vol.  i.  pp.  53-61,  which  throws  a  curious  light 
upon  the  subject.  Mrs.  Sherwood  wrote 
many  religious  stories  which  had  a  large 
circulation,  and  my  copy  of  *  The  Fairchild 
Family '  is  of  the  eighteenth  edition.  The 
family  consisted  of  a  father,  mother,  and 
three  children — Lucy  aged  nine,  Emily  a  little 
younger,  and  Henry,  who  was  between  six 
and  seven  when  the  story  begins.  One  morn- 
ing, when  Mr.  Fairchild  was  coming  down- 
stairs, he  overheard  the  children  quarrelling 
in  the  parlour  about  Lucy's  doll,  and  instead 
of  interfering  promptly  he  waited  until  Lucy 
had  pinched  Emily,  Emily  struck  Lucy,  and 
each  sister  had  declared  she  did  not  love  the 
other.  Thereupon  Mr.  Fairchild  went  into 
the  room,  took  a  rod  from  the  cupboard,  and 
whipped  the  hands  of  the  three  children 
until  they  smarted.  They  were  then  made 
to  stand  in  a  corner  without  their  breakfasts, 
and  had  no  food  all  the  morning.  In  the 
afternoon  Mr.  Fairchild,  in  order  to  enforce 
what  he  had  said  about  the  fearful  results  of 


.  ii.  DEC.  3. 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


455 


children's  quarrels,  took  Lucy,  Emily,  anc 
Henry  for  a  long  walk  to  see  the  body  oi 
•a  man  who  had  murdered  his  brother,  and 
had  been  hung  in  chains  on  a  gibbet.  There 
is  a  gruesome  description  of  the  state  of  the 
corpse,  and  the  children  were  terribly  fright 
eneri,  but  were  not  allowed  to  leave  the 
spot  until  Mr.  Fairchild  had  delivered  another 
homily  and  had  offered  a  prayer  suitable  to 
the  occasion. 

'The  Fairchild  Family,'  upon  which  many 
of  us  were  brought  up,  is  not  often  read  now, 
but  the  story  of  the  excursion  to  the  gibbel 
shows  how  public  executions  were  regardec 
by  pious  people  at  the  beginning  of  the  nine- 
teenth century.  J.  A.  J.  HOUSDEN. 

BLOOD  USED  IN  BUILDING  (10th  S.  ii.  389). 
— I  have  often  heard  that  the  mortar  used  in 
old  buildings  has  been  mixed  with  blood  for 
the  purpose  of  giving  the  walls  additional 
strength.  Whether  this  has  ever  occurred, 
or  whether  it  be  mere  folk-lore,  I  have  no 
present  means  of  ascertaining,  but  knowing, 
as  we  do,  how  readily  foundationless  beliefs 
translate  themselves  into  action,  there  would 
be  nothing  surprising  if  proof  should  be  come 
upon.  Clement  Walker,  in  his  '  History  of 
Independency,'  alludes  to  the  practice  (iii.  3) ; 
and  about  six  years  ago  an  old  man  who  all 
his  life  had  worked  as  a  mason  told  me  that 
he  had  heard  how  "in  foreign  parts,  when 
they  wanted  to  build  something  very  strong, 
they  got  a  lot  of  children,  killed  them,  and 
put  their  blood  in  the  mortar."  In  the 
*  Romance  of  Ogier  of  Denmark'  we  hear 
of  certain  persons  taking  refuge  in  a  tower 
of  Saracen  work  ;  "  all  its  mortar  was  boiled 
with  blood;  it  fears  no  engine"  (Ludlow's 
"Epics  of  the  Middle  Ages,'  ii.  288).  What 
fenders  it  highly  probable  that  blood  should 
have  been  used  for  this  purpose  is  the  fact 
that  we  hear  of  other  materials  equally 
useless  for  giving  strength  to  walls  being 
employed  under  tne  same  idea.  The  follow- 
ing examples  may  be  of  service  :— 

Beer.— Eastwood's  *  History  of  Ecclesfield,' 
221. 

Cheese.  — '  Louth  (Lincolnshire)  Church- 
wardens' Accounts,'  iv.  887;  'English  Dialect 
Dictionary.' 

Eggs.—4  Midland  Counties  Hist.  Col.,'i.  263. 

Milk. — Archceological  Journal,  Institute, 
December,  1900,  332. 

Wax. —  Oliver,  'Lives  of  the  Bishops  of 
Exeter,'  186. 

Wine.— Sir  John  Forbes,  *  Sightseeing  in 
Germany,'  87. 

It  may  be  well  to  draw  attention  to  the 
iact  that  Lord  Avebury  has  brought  under 


the  notice  of  his  readers  an  analogous  belief 
which  indicates  that  a  supposed  likeness  in 
colour  only  may  sometimes  lead  far  astray. 
He  says  :— 

"  The  gravel  on  the  Roman  Road  near  Eastrea 
has  become  cemented  by  iron  since  it  was  laid  down, 
and  has  assumed  a  red  colour  which  has  given  rise 
to  a  local  legend  that  the  Romans  cemented  it  with 
blood."— 'The  Scenery  of  England,'  1902,  p.  458. 

EDWARD  PEACOCK. 
Kirton-in-Lindsey. 

[Compare  the  Rev.  Sabine  Baring -Gould  on 
'Church  Grims.'j 

PUBLISHERS'  CATALOGUES  (10th  S.  ii.  50,  118, 
357).— The  following  extract  from  the  Nov.- 
Dec.,  1904.  catalogue  (No.  41)  issued  by 
Murray  s,  Ltd.,  of  Leicester,  mentions  an 
early  publisher's  catalogue  : — 

"No.  31,  Banyan.— The  Pilgrim's  Progress  from 
this  world  to  that  which  is  to  come,  by  John  Bunian. 
The  tenth  edition,  with  additions.  London,  Printed 
for  Nathaniel  Ponder,  at  the  Peacock  in  the  Poultrey, 
near  the  church,  168o.  12mo,  frontispiece  and  other 
illustrations,  in  the  old  calf  (binding  little  damaged), 
very  rare,  '251.  The  above  is  quite  perfect,  having 
the  advertisements  and  '  Books  printed  for 
Nathaniel  Ponder,'  2  leaves,  at  end.  A  copy  by 
auction  in  1903  fetched  6W." 

RONALD  DIXON. 

AINSTY  (10th  S.  ii.  25,  97). — Life  is  made  up 
of  many  interests.  My  thoughts  have  been 
diverted  from  Ainsty,  and  I  have  profited 
less  than  1  might  have  done  by  the  help  your 
correspondents  have  kindly  endeavoured  to 
give.  Now  that  I  turn  again  to  the  ques- 
tion, I  find  I  am  compelled  to  ask  MR.  A. 
HALL  to  direct  me  to  the  localities  in  which 
Ainsty  occurs  as  a  place-name  in  Cambridge- 
shire, Dorset,  Devon,  Hants',  Leicester,  Wilts, 
and  Warwickshire. 

It  does  not  appear  to  me  that  the  via  regia 
and  the  placea  are  necessarily  synonymous  in 
the  passage  from  the  *  Rotuli  Hundredorum  ' 
which  MR.  S.  O.  ADDY  cites  touching  the 
"  Wappentagium  de  Aynesty."  I  am  told  by 
a  learned  friend  that  although  placed  means, 
as  often  as  not,  a  square  or  a  street,  possibly 
it  also  bears  the  signification  of  a  fortified 
enclosure.  ST.  SWITHIN. 

"  BONNETS  OF  BLUE"  (10th  S.  ii.  347).— Both 
:he  words  and  music  may  be  found  in  the 
British  Museum.  They  are  entered  in  the 
Music  Catalogue  under  the  heading  'Lee, 
George  Alexander,'  the  composer.  The  song 
entitled  'Hurrah  !  for  the  Bonnets  of  Blue' 
was  sung  in  a  two-act  farce  by  Richard 
Brinsley  Peake,  called  '  The  One  Hundred 
3ound  Note.'  Madame  Vestris  sang  it  in 
London,  and  Mrs.  Waylett,  who  after  the 
death  of  her  husband  married  G.  A.  Lee, 


456 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  n.  DEC.  3, 1904. 


sang  it  in  Dublin.     The  words  are  evidently 
altered  from  Burns's  poem  "  Here 's  a  health 
to  them  that's  awa',"  to  suit  English  ears. 
I  subjoin  the  later  poem  :— 

HURRAH  !  FOR  THE  BONNETS  or  BLUE. 
Here 's  a  health  to  them  that 's  awa', 
Here 's  a  health  to  them  that 's  awa' ; 
And  wha  winna  M'ish  good  luck  to  our  cause, 
May  never  good  luck  be  their  fa'. 
It 's  good  to  be  merry  and  wise, 
It 's  good  to  be  honest  and  true, 
It's  good  to  support  Caledonia's  cause, 
And  bide  by  the  bonnets  of  blue. 
Hurrah  for  the  bonnets  of  blue  ! 
Hurrah  for  the  bonnets  of  blue  ! 
It 's  good  to  support  Caledonia's  cause, 
And  bide  by  the  bonnets  of  blue. 

Here 's  a  health  to  them  that 's  awa', 

Here 's  a  health  to  them  that 's  awa' : 

Here's  a  health  to  Charlie,  the  chief  of  the  clan, 

Although  that  his  band  be  sma'. 

Here 's  freedom  to  those  that  can  read, 

Here 's  freedom  to  those  that  can  write, 

There  's  none  ever  fear'd  that  the  truth  should  be 

heard 

But  they  whom  the  truth  would  indict. 
Hurrah,  &c. 

The  buff  and  the  blue  mentioned  in  Burns's 
poem  were  the  colours  of  the  Whig  party  in 
those  days.  S.  J.  ALDRICH. 

I  heard  the  song  frequently  about  the  year 
1830.  I  cannot  write  music,  but  I  can  sing 
the  tune  after  a  fashion.  There  was  a  fellow 
song,  with  words : — 

March,  march,  Sandy  Mac-something, 
The  blue  bonnets  are  over  the  Border. 

H.  H.  D. 

VACCINATION  AND  INOCULATION  (10th  S.  ii. 
27,  132,  216,  313,  394).— That  smallpox  inocu- 
lation is  now  a  penal  offence  neither  extin- 
guishes Lady  Mary  Wortley  Montagu's  claim 
to  gratitude  for  its  introduction  nor  throws 
discredit  on  the  medical  profession  of  the 
time  for  advocating  its  adoption.  Inoculation 
was  admittedly  better  than  allowing  small- 
pox to  ravage  unchecked,  though  happily  we 
know  a  more  excellent  way.  I  therefore  can 
see  nothing  remarkable  or  inappropriate  in 
the  inscription  quoted  at  the  last  reference. 
W.  R.  B.  PRIDEAUX. 

Royal  College  of  Physicians. 

MR.  HENRY  SMYTH,  who  quotes  the  inscrip- 
tion in  Lichfield  Cathedral  commemorating 
the  introduction  of  inoculation  in  the 
eighteenth  century  into  England  by  Lady 
Mary  Wortley  Montagu,  seems  to  see  a  want 
of  congruity  between  this  inscription  and 
the  fact  that  inoculation  has  been  for  some 
years  prohibited  by  law.  As  this  confusion 
of  ideas  is  not  an  uncommon  one,  and  as  it  is 
frequently  suggested  by  opponents  of  vacci- 


nation as  an  argument  (quantum  valeat} 
against  vaccination,  perhaps  you  will  allow 
me  to  endeavour  to  remove  MR.  SMYTH'S- 
misconception. 

That  inoculation,  as  practised  by  Suttoa 
and  some  other  professional  inoculators,  was- 
a  great  improvement  on  the  state  of  things- 
prior  to  the  introduction  of  the  practice  by 
Lady  Mary  Wortley  Montagu,  cannot  be- 
doubted  by  any  one  who  will  take  the 
trouble  to  examine  the  evidence  on  the 
subject  which  is  to  be  found  in  the1  Final1 
.Report  of  the  Royal  Commission  on  Vaccina- 
tion. So  far  as  the  individual  who  came 
under  its  influence  was  concerned,  its  effect 
was  wholly  beneficial.  It  gave  him  an  almost 
lifelong  protection  against  smallpox  at  the 
cost  of  an  illness  which  was  rarely  fatal  and 
was  often  trivial  in  its  character,  and  there 
can  be  little  doubt  that  had  vaccination  not 
been  introduced  by  Jenner  or  by  some  one 
else  with  an  equally  ingenious  mind,  we 
should  still  be  inoculating  at  the  present 
day ;  but  we  should  do  so  under  totally 
different  conditions  from  those  under  which 
it  was  practised  in  the  eighteenth  century 
and  for  some  time  even  in  the  nineteenth. 
The  patients  to  be  inoculated  would  be 
removed  to  an  isolation  hospital  for  the 
purpose,  where  they  could  undergo  the 
ordeal  under  conditions  which  would  prevent 
the  infection  from  being  distributed  broad- 
cast throughout  society,  as  it  was  before 
vaccination  was  established  by  law.  Thus, 
although  inoculation  was  wholly  beneficial 
to  the  individual,  it  was  gravely  prejudicial 
to  the  community,  and  that  is  why,  when  the 
State  undertook  to  provide  gratuitous  vacci- 
nation for  the  public,  as  it  did  by  the  first 
Vaccination  Act  in  1840,  inoculation  was 
prohibited  under  a  penalty.  But  this  is  no- 
reason  why  the  benevolence  of  Lady  Mary 
Wortley  Montagu  in  introducing  inoculation 
should  not  have  been  recognized  by  Mrs.  Inge 
in  1789,  or  why  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of 
Lichfield  should  feel  any  compunction  about 
allowing  the  memorial  to  remain  in  1904. 
FRANCIS  T.  BOND,  M.D., 

Hon.  Sec.  Jenner  Society. 

Gloucester. 

PENNY  WARES  WANTED  (10th  S.  ii.  369, 415). 
— Penny  roll. — An  example  of  the  use  of  this 
word  before  1848  occurs  in  Dr.  Benjamin 
Franklin's  letter  '  On  the  Price  of  Corn,  and 
Management  of  the  Poor.'  It  is  said  to  have 
been  written  to  the  Morning  Chronicle  in 
1766  above  the  signature  of  Arator  ;  but  this 
statement  I  have  no  means  of  verifying.  The 
example  is  taken  from  vol.  ii.  p.  22  of  'Essays 


io«>  s.  ii.  DE<  .  3, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


457 


by  Dr.  Benj.  Franklin,'  London,  published 
by  John  Sharpe,  Piccadilly,  1820  :— 

"  Some  folks  seem  to  think  they  ought  never  to 
be  easy  till  England  becomes  another  Lubberland, 
where  it  is  fancied  the  streets  are  paved  with 
penny-rolls,  the  houses  tiled  with  pancakes,  and 
chickens,  ready  roasted,  cry,  '  Come  eat  me.' " 

Franklin  uses  the  same  simile,  somewhat 
varied,  with  regard  to  America,  in  his  'In- 
formation to  Those  who  would  remove  to 
America';  vide  p.  12C,  same  volume. 

I  often  heard  an  old  sailor  use  the  same 
words  when  we  youngsters  asked  him  about 
the  time  when  some  marvellous  event  he  was 
recounting  occurred,  but  he  usually  prefaced 
the  simile  with,  "  It  was  not  in  my  time,  nor 
in  your  time,  nor  in  anybody  else's  time ;  it 
was  in  the  time  when  old  women  sold  time 
(?  thyme),  when  the  streets  were  paved  with 
penny  rolls,"  <kc.  I  asked  him  a  day  or  two 
ago  whence  he  obtained  the  expression,  and 
his  answer  was  that  it  was  common  in 
nautical  circles  on  the  Tyne  about  1845. 

THOS.  F.  MANSON. 

North  Shields. 

I  have  in  ray  possession  Nos.  1  to  77  of 
The  Penny  Mechanic,  a  Magazine  of  the  Arts 
•and  Sciences — No.  1  is  dated  Saturday, 
5  November,  1836— published  weekly  by 
D.  A.  Doudney,  London. 

JOHN  DUXBURY. 

SHELLEY  FAMILY  (9th  S.  xii.  426  ;  10th  S.  ii. 
155). — Henry  Shelley,  of  Maplederhain,  was  a 
prisoneratthe  White  Lion,  South  wark,  14  June, 
1579  ('P.C.A.,'  N.S.,  xi.  162),  whence  he  was 
released  on  bail  on  11  June,  1581,  being  bound 
to  return  on  the  following  12  August  (ibid., 
xiii.  129).  The  Henry  Shelley  mentioned 
•ibid.,  xiii.  117 ;  xiv.  63,  is  quite  another  person, 
belonging  to  the  Worminghurst  branch — one 
•of  the  protagonists,  in  fact,  of  Shelley's  case. 
'Our  Henry  Shelley,  as  H.  C.  has  pointed  out, 
died  in  1585  (cf.  also  'S.P.  Dom.  Eliz.,'  clxxxiii. 
45).  His  son  Thomas  appears  to  have 
originally  intended  to  be  a  priest,  but  was 
captured  near  Chichester  on  the  way  to  the 
Continent  in  1586  ('S.P.  Dom.  Eliz.,'  ccxlviii. 
,116;  'P.C.A.,'  N.S.,  xiv.  77).  He  and  his 
uncle  John  had  apparently  been  induced  to 
conform  by  12  December,  1592  (ibid.,  xxiii.  368, 
where  they  are  described  as  "  late  of  Maple- 
durham "),  but  they  still  continued  to  be 
suspect.  In  1594  Benjamin  Beard,  the  spy 
(whose  mother's  brother  Benjamin  Tichborne 
had  married  a  Shelley  of  "  Maple  Durham, 
•Oxon,"  as  G.  E.  C.'s  'Baronetage/  vol.  i.  p.  161, 
has  it),  reported  that  John  Shelley  was  living 
at  Barnes  or  Bails  farm,  in  Hampshire,  in  an 
old  park,  pailed  and  locked  that  none  could 
come  at  him  without  a  key,  and  was  consort- 


ing with  one  Strange,  who  had  been  with 
Lord  Montague,  and  kept  "a  college  of 
priests  "  at  Thomas  Shelley's  house  at  Alaple- 
durham  ;  and  that  the  said  house  contained 
a  hollow  place  in  the  parlour  by  the  living 
cupboard  where  two  men  might  well  lie 
together,  and  a  vault  under  a  table,  with  a 
grate  of  iron  for  a  light  into  the  garden,  as  if 
it  were  the  window  of  a  cellar,  and  with 
rosemary  growing  against  the  grate  ('  S.P. 
Dom.  Eliz.,'  ccxlviii.  30,  116).  The  warrant, 
dated  29  September,  1596,  and  printed 
'  P.C.A.,'  N.S.,  xxvi.  213,  shows  that  Thomas 
Shelley  was  "in  his  younge  yeares  dis- 
possessed of  his  lande  of  inheritauuce,"  which 
had  passed  to  a  brother  (probably  the  Henry 
hereafter  mentioned),  and  that  being  then 
"charged  with  wife  and  children"  he  could 
not  recover  "  any  good  composicion  "  of  the 
said  brother,  "but  by  the  meanes  and 
order  of  his  mother,"  then  residing  at  Caen, 
and  of  his  uncle  John  Shelley,  and  that  John 
Shelley  was  thereby  licensed  to  go  to  Caen, 
provided  he  returned  within  three  months 
from  the  next  1  January,  and  put  in  sureties 
for  his  dutiful  behaviour  during  his  absence. 
On  13  November,  1605,  it  was  suggested  that 
it  would  be  advisable  to  arrest  Henry  and 
Thomas  Shelley,  "  of  Mapledingham,"  in  con- 
nexion with  the  Gunpowder  Plot  ('S.P. 
James  I.,'  xvi.  69) ;  and  in  1610  we  meet  with 
Henry  Shelley,  of  Petersfield,  as  a  recusant 
(ibid.,  liv.  80).  Possibly  our  Thomas  is  the 
Thomas  Shelley,  gent.,  who  was  father  of 
Catharine,  buried  at  St.  Dunstan's-in-the- 
West,  10  December,  1592,  and  of  Edmonde, 
baptized  at  the  same  church,  11  March,  1592/3 
('  Collect.  Topogr.  et  Genealog.,'  iv.  118 ; 
v.  366).  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

HOLBORN  (10th  S.  ii.  308.  392).— I  do  not 
subscribe  to  the  opinion  that  **  hollo wness" 
is  not  characteristic  of  words  connected  with 
water.  Rivers  invariably  have  channels,  and 
if  the  banks  of  these  are  rather  high,  we  at 
once  get  the  idea  required.  Hence  it  is  that 
the  *  E.D.D.'  gives  Iioll,  hollow,  deep,  opposed 
to  shallow  ;  a  depression,  deep  valley,  ravine, 
a  ditch,  generally  a  dry  one,  a  moat,  *fec.  I 
once  lived  quite  close  to  a  Holl  Lane,  which 
was  a  deep  lane,  a  sort  of  cutting. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

MR.  G.  L.  HALES  may  rest  assured  that 
there  is  no  authority  whatever  for  "  the  idea 
that  the  fact  of  criminals  being  driven  up 
the  Hill  originated  the  name  Oldborne  Hill 
or  Hilborn."  Holeburn  was  Hpleburn  hun- 
dreds of  years  before  any  criminals  were 
dragged  or  driven  from  Newgate  to  Tyburn, 
and  neither  Oldborne  nor  Hilborn  will  be 


458 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        tw»  s.  u.  DEC.  a.  im. 


found  in  any  authentic  record.  They  merely 
had  existence  in  the  lively  imagination  oi 
Stow.  It  may  be  added  that  Mr.  F.  H 
Habben's  book  on  'London  Street  Names 
is  not  a  work  of  any  authority,  although 
in  the  instance  quoted  by  MR.  HALES  he 
happens  to  be  right.  W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

Life  and  Letters  at  Bath  in  the  Eighteenth  Century. 

By  A.  Barbeau.  (Heinemann.) 
AMONG  the  books  upon  English  subjects  which  result 
from  the  keen  and  intelligent  study  of  our  language 
by  the  younger  school  of  French  thinkers  and 
writers  the  account  of  life  and  letters  in  Bath 
which  is  due  to  M.  Barbeau  occupies  a  conspicuous 
— it  might  almost  be  said  a  foremost — place.  That 
honour  may  not,  however,  be  taken  from  M.  Jus- 
serand,  whose  knowledge  of  our  life  and  literature 
puts  to  shame  the  best  graced  of  our  English  scholars, 
while,  as  Mr.  Austin  Dobson  points  out  in  the 
admirable  preface  he  supplies  to  the  present  volume, 
Mre  owe,  in  the  one  department  of  poetry,  admirable 
studies  of  Shelley  to  M.  Felix  Rabbe,  of  Burns  to 
M.  Auguste  Angellier,  and  of  Wordsworth  and 
Coleridge  to  M.  Emile  Legouis.  What  specially 
strikes  one  in  the  present  work  is  the  thoroughness 
of  the  knowledge  and  the  exhaustiveness  of  the 
treatment,  the  book  in  this  respect  furnishing  a 
pleasant  parallel  to  the  'Etienne  Dolet'  of  "Chan- 
cellor" Christie,  a  work  we  persist  in  regarding 
as  the  most  important  contribution  to  French 
literature  that  has  been  made  by  an  Englishman. 

It  is,  of  course,  edifying  to  contrast  with  the 
state  of  affairs  in  the  eighteenth  century,  when  the 
French  public  was  misrepresented  and  misinformed 
by  Voltaire,  that  now  to  be  seen.  Materials  for  an 
account  of  life  and  letters  in  Bath  are  super- 
abundant, and  it  is  curious  that  no  work  covering 
exactly  the  same  ground  as  does  M.  Barbeau  has  been 
supplied  by  an  Englishman.  Such  a  work  should 
naturally  have  been  accomplished  by  Mr.  Austin 
Dobson,  who  has  written  much  concerning  the  period 
without  undertaking  its  history.  So  well  has  the  task 
been  executed  by  the  present  writer  that  we  are 
reconciled  to  leaving  matters  as  they  are.  In  read- 
ing, as  we  have  done,  M.  Barbeau's  work  from  cover 
to  cover,  we  soon  abandoned  the  task  of  hunting  for 
errors.  That  the  discovery  of  mistakes  would  not 
reward  diligent  research  we  will  not  say.  Much 
pleasanter  is  it,  however,  to  confide  in  our  author, 
and  accept  his  guidance.  That  we  shall  not  in  so 
doing  be  led  into  much  error  is  patent.  It  is 
clear  that  M.  Barbeau  is  very  far  from  the  usual 
and  casual  writer  of  local  history.  A  biblio- 
graphy of  the  works  quoted  in  the  text  occupies 
some  fifteen  pages  in  double  columns,  and  comprises 
two  hundred  items.  The  works  mentioned  have, 
moreover,  been  closely  studied.  The  result  is  an 
account  of  eighteenth -century  life  in  England  as 
ample  in  detail  as  it  is  picturesque  and  interesting. 
Among  matters  treated  at  length  are  the  life  of 
Beau  Nash,  the  ruler  and  king  of  Bath,  a  man  the 
secret  of  whose  influence  is  not  easily  understood  ; 
the  romantic  marriage  of  Sheridan  to  the  beautiful 
Miss  Linley  ;  and  the  influence  of  Lady  Huntingdon 


and  the  Methodists.  Special  pains  have  been  taken 
with  the  theatrical  history  of  Bath,  itself  a  matter 
of  much  interest,  and  with  the  literary  associations, 
which  are,  of  course,  of  highest  value.  A  well- 
selected  show  of  plates  adds  greatly  to  the  attrac- 
tions of  the  work.  These  include  a  series  of  draw- 
ings of  Bath  by  John  Claude  Nattes,  caricature 
designs  by  Rowlandson  and  Bunbury,  and  portraits 
of  Beau  Nash,  Lord  Chesterfield,  and  Ralph  Allen,, 
by  Hoare ;  of  Mrs.  Siddons,  Richard  Brinsley 
Sheridan,  and  the  Misses  Linley,  by  Gainsborough  ; 
of^  Goldsmith,  by  Sir  Joshua  ;  Quin  and  Marshal 
Wade,  by  Hogarth  ;  the  Countess  of  Huntingdon,, 
by  J.  Russell ;  Henderson,  by  Gilbert  Stuart ;  and 
many  others.  The  work  is  an  acquisition  to  any 
library,  and  can  be  read  with  the  certainty  o'fr 
enjoyment. 

The.  Plays  of  Shakespeare.  —  King  John ;  Kiny 
Henry  IV..  Parts  I.  and  II.  ;  King  Henri/  VI. , 
Parts  /.,  II. .  and  III.  ;  King  Richard  II.  ;  Merry 
Wives  of  Windsor;  Timon  of  Athens;  The 
Winter's  Tale  ;  Much  Ado  about  Nothing  ;  Antony 
and  Cleopatra.  (Heinemann.) 

TWELVE  plays  have  been  added  since  our  last  notice 
to  the  cheapest  of  editions  of  thetsingle  plays,, 
published  in  the  "Favourite  Classics"  by  Mr. 
Heinemann.  All  have,  like  their  predecessors,  the 
Cambridge  text  and  prefaces  by  that  soundest  of 
Shakespearian  scholars  Dr.  George  Brandes.  Much 
ingenuity  continues  to  be  shown  in  the  selection  of 
the  illustrations,  one  of  which  accompanies  each 
volume.  'King  John'  has  a  plate  of  the  striking, 
and  kingly  presence  of  Mr.  Tree,  with  crown  and 
sceptre.  The  First  Part  of  *  King  Henry  IV.'  has- 
Macready  as  the  King ;  and  the  Second,  Elliston  as- 
Falstaff.  Macready  assumed  the  King  at  Covent 
harden  on  25  June,  1820,  the  Second  Part  of 
Henry  IV.'  being  then  played  with  the  Corona- 
ion.  Fawcett  was  then  Falstaff,  which  Elliston 
assumed  at  Drury  Lane  in  the  First  Part,  11  May, 
^826,  when  Macready  was  Hotspur.  '  Richard  IL* 
ihows  Miss  Farren  as  the  Queen,  a  pretty  picture. 
;hough  the  part  was  scarcely  characteristic  of 
.vhat  was  best  in  the  actress.  In  the  First 
Part  of  'King  Henry  VI.'  Mrs.  Baddeley  is  a 
monstrous  Joan  of  Arc.  The  Second  Part  repro^- 
duces.  from  the  National  Gallery,  a  portrait  of 
,he  King  in  propria  persona.  Part  III.  shows 
}.  F.  Cooke  as  Gloster.  In  'The  Merry  Wives' 
Mrs.  Woffington  looks  charming  as  Mrs.  Ford,  a 
haracter  she  played  at  Drury  Lane  29  November, 
743.  '  Timon  of  Athens '  presents  Wallack  as 
Alcibiades,  « The  Winter's  Tale '  Munden  as  Autp- 
ycus.  There  were  several  Wallacks.  That  in 
[uestion  was  James  William,  who  played  Alcibiades 
o  Kean's  Timon  at  Drury  Lane  28  October,  1816. 
Munden  played  Autolycus  for  the  first  time  at 
Drury  Lane  3  November,  1823.  '  Much  Ado  '  repro- 
luces  Mr.  Forbes  Robertson's  painting  of  the 
amous  Lyceum  revival  of  11  October,  1882,  with 
sir  Henry  Irving,  Miss  Terry,  Mr.  Forbes  Robert- 
on,  and  Mr.  Terriss.  '  Antony  and  Cleopatra '  has 
i^  pretty  fancy  picture  (so  we  assume)  of  Kittyv 
"ischer  as  a  most  European  Cleopatra. 

Duelling  Stories.    From  the  French  of  Braiitome. 

By  George  H.  Powell.    (Bullen.) 

UBLISHED  many  years  later  than   the  *Vies  des 

)ames  Illustres,'  the  '  Vies  des  Dames  Galantes,' 

he  '  Hommes  Illustres  et  Grands  Capitaines  Fran- 

<^ois  cle  son  Temps,'  and  other  works,  the  *  Memoires 


ii.  DEC.  3, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


459 


de  Pierre  cle  Bourdeille,  Seigneur  de  Brantome, 
contenans  les  Anecdotes. ..»..touchant  lea  Duels,'  is 
neither  less  interesting,  less  characteristic,  nor  less 
amusing  than  its  predecessors.  In  translating  into 
English  a  work  with  which  we  are  only  familiar  in 
the  Foppens  edition — treated  as  an  Elzevir  annex 
of  Jean  Sambix  le  Jeune  (Foppens),  1722— Mr. 
Powell  has  given  his  rendering  a  bantering  accom- 
paniment, which,  while  it  is  eminently  disrespect- 
ful to  Brantome,  is  no  less  eminently  amusing  to 
read.  The  book  thus  treated  has  been  supplied  by 
Mr.  Bullen  with  a  series  of  admirable  illustrations, 
taken  from  the  '  Portraits  des  Personnages  Illustres 
du  X VIme  Siecle '  of  Niel,  reduced,  and  from  various 
works,  Italian,  French,  German,  and  other,  upon 
the  science  of  arms.  As  a  rule  the  portraits  are 
after  Francois  Clouet.  The  result  is  a  book  which 
is  likely  to  be  equally  dear  to  the  student  of  Renais- 
sance literature  and  life  and  to  the  admirers  of  the 
white  weapon.  Remarkable  knowledge  and  tact 
are  shown  in  the  selection  of  the  scenes  of  combat, 
most  of  which  are  admirably  lifelike  and  effective. 
There  was  little  that  was  make-believe  about  the 
combats  so  lightly  undertaken  by  Guisard  and 
Huguenot,  by  the  Mignons  of  the  French  kings,  and 
the  captains,  Italian  or  Spanish.  So  there  is  no 
mistake  or  make-believe  about  the  fights  in  the 
'Arte  di  Maneggiar  la  Spada'  of  Alfieri  and  other 
works  laid  under  contribution.  The  book  is 
delightful  to  read,  and,  on  account  both  of  its 
letterpress  and  its  illustrations,  should  be  in  the 
library  of  every  scholar  and  man  of  taste.  Mr. 
Powell  has  made  much  use  of  the  'Rodomontades 
et  Juremens  Espagnolles'  of  Brantome.  Spanish 
soldiery  were  at  that  time  the  best  in  Europe.  In 
the  duels  of  Quelus  v.  Antraguet,  Biron  v.  Carancy, 
and  other  no  less  famous  encounters,  the  chief 
interest  is  found.  On  p.  99  the  name  Livarot  is 
used  in  mistake  for  Quelus. 

The  Scottish   Historical   Review.    No.  5,  October. 

(Glasgow,  MacLehose  &  Sons.) 
WE  foresee  a  long  career  of  usefulness  for  this 
valuable  journal.  The  articles,  almost  without 
exception,  present  new  knowledge  of  an  important 
kind.  There  are  few  things  with  which  we 
Southerners  are  less  acquainted  than  the  laws 
and  customs  that  regulate  the  Scottish  peerage. 
They  are  commonly  assumed  to  be  identical,  or  at 
least  parallel,  with  our  own,  and  when  the  wide 
differences  between  them  are  pointed  out,  the 
information  is  sometimes  received  with  signs  of 
incredulity.  No  new  Scottish  peers  have  been 
created  since  the  union  of  the  kingdoms.  At  that 
time  there  were  164  titles  entered  on  the  Union 
Roll ;  of  these  62  are  dormant  or  extinct — the 
greater  part  we  believe  to  be  dormant  only.  But 
there  is  another  reason  which  makes  the  Scotch 
peerage  seem  to  have  fewer  members  belonging  to 
it  than  it  has  in  truth.  Many  Scotch  peerages  have 
been  absorbed  in  higher  titles,  Scotch  and  English, 
and  are  thus  forgotten  by  the  multitude.  It  would 
be  out  of  place  to  consider  here  whether  the  union 
of  the  two  kingdoms  was  or  was  not  an  advantage 
for  Scotland.  However  this  may  be,  there  can  be 
no  doubt  that  the  Scotch  peers  were  not  treated 
with  justice.  The  writer  by  no  means  exaggerates 
when  he  says  that,  as  far  as  they  were  concerned, 
the  dealings  with  them  were  "  without  either  prin- 
ciple or  prevision,"  and  the  bearer  of  the  oldest 
title  in  Scotland  was  made  to  rank  on  official  occa- 
sions below  the  newest  English  peer  of  his  degree. 


It  does  not  seem  to  have  been  realized  by  those- 
who  were  responsible  for  drafting  that  famous  Act 
that  some  of  the  Scottish  peers  had  held  positions- 
little  short  of  royal.  The  claim  of  the  Earl  of  Fife 
to  enthrone  the  king  on  the  Stone  of  Destiny  indi- 
cates, as  is  pointed  out,  that  some  form  of  con- 
sent on  the  part  of  that  earl  was  called  for  to- 
confer  tho  regal  authority.  In  early  charters  the 
earl  sometimes  designated  himself  "  By  the  grace- 
of  God  Earl  of  Fife,"  which  seems  to  imply  that  his 
position  was  not  entirely  dependent  on  the  Crown. 

Prof.  Sanford  Terry  contributes  a  paper  on  'The 
Homes  of  the  Claverhouse  Grahams,'  which  indi- 
cates great  research,  and  cannot  but  be  of  interest 
to  those  who,  in  spite  of  Lord  Macaulay's  invective, 
have  a  warm  place  in  their  hearts  for  the  hero  off 
Killiecrankie — the  "  Ultimus  Scotorum,"  as  Dr. 
Pitcairn,  the  Jacobite  poet,  affectionately  called  him. 
Whatever  estimate  we  may  form  of  his  character, 
his  career,  it  will  be  conceded,  is  one  of  greab 
interest,  and  what  has  hitherto  been  regarded  as 
his  home  is,  we  believe,  often  visited  by  pilgrims. 
The  Claverhouse  property  on  the  river  Dichty,  near 
Dundee,  was  the  estate  of  John  Graham,  Viscounfr 
Dundee.  Of  this  there  can  be  no  doubt,  and  he- 
was,  before  the  peerage  was  conferred  upon  him,  it 
is  probable,  called  "  of  Claverhouse "  from  that 
estate  having  been  longer  in  the  family  than  those 
subsequently  acquired.  "The  bloody  Clavers " 
was  another  secondary  name  which  you  may  still* 
hear  if  you  gossip  about  the  wars  of  the  Covenant 
with  the  men  and  women  of  the  western  shires  of; 
Scotland,  whose  forefathers  many  of  them  suffered; 
for  what  they  regarded  as  the  rights  of  conscience. 
The  Grahams  were  scions  of  a  widespread  race  and' 
well  descended  in  female  lines,  but  do  not  seem  to 
have  been  wealthy.  There  is  said  to  have  been  a 
castle  on  the  Claverhouse  estate,  but  Prof.  Terry's 
investigations  render  this  tradition  extremely 
doubtful.  A  dower-house  there  was,  but  we  see- 
no  reason  for  thinking  it  was  ever  the  dwelling- 
place  of  the  lairds.  In  1684  the  future  Viscount 
Dundee  acquired  the  castle  of  Dudhope,  which  for 
the  few  remaining  years  of  his  life  was  probably 
his  home.  It  is  to  this  place,  not  to  Claverhouse, 
that  those  who  treasure  the  memories  of  a  lost 
cause  should  make  pilgrimage. 

*  Some  Sidelights  on  Montrose's  Campaigns  '  is  a 
valuable  paper,  containing  facts  which  seem  to  be 
new.  One  of  these  is  that  at  the  battle  of  Tipper- 
muir  the  royalist  army  possessed  but  one  barrel  of 
gunpowder,  and  another  is  that  the  warcry  of  the 
Covenanters  was  "  Jesus  and  no  quarter." 

The  account  of  Miss  Katherine  Read,  a  Scottish' 
artist  of  the  eighteenth  century,  is  interesting.  She 
is  now  well-nigh  forgotten,  hut  was  highly  esteemed* 
by  her  contemporaries.  Some  of  her  portraits, 
it  is  said,  have  been  attributed  to  Reynolds.  She- 
went  to  India,  and  we  gather  painted  there  many 
portraits.  The  climate  did  not  suit  her,  so  she 
embarked  for  home,  but  died  at  sea. 

THE  Edinburgh  Review  for  October  contains  more 
than  the  usual  number  of  papers  which  do  not 
belong  to  our  province.  The  most  noteworthy  of 
those  we  may  discuss,  because  it  relates  to  a  subject 
on  M'hich  many  of  us  are  content  to  be  ignorant, 
deals  with  '  The  Commercial  and  Fiscal  Policy  of 
the  Venetian  Republic.'  The  question  is  a  grave 
one,  not  capable  of  investigation  except  by  those 
who  have  access  to  the  many  documents  which 
have  been  preserved  in  the  libraries  and  record 


460 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [10*  s.  n.  DEC.  3, 1904. 


rooms  of  the  deposed  Queen  of  the  Adriatic ;  but 
even  with  all  the  facilities  that  are  now  given  for 
modern  research,  it  is  not  to  be  hoped  for  that 
a  trade  history  of  the  Venetian  republic  will 
ever  be  produced  in  a  manner  which  will  satisfy 
those  who  desire  to  have  an  exhaustive  acquaint- 
ance with  the  methods  of  the  great  distributor 
of  the  productions  of  the  East  among  the  nations 
of  the  West,  whom  we  cannot  doubt  that 
the  merchant-princes  regarded  as  mere  money- 
spending  barbarians.  In  the  rest  of  Europe,  from 
the  days  of  Charlemagne  to  a  period  not  long  before 
the  discovery  of  America,  affluence,  and  conse- 
quently grandeur,  followed  the  career  of  the  suc- 
cessful soldier.  It  was  otherwise  in  the  eastern  city 
•on  the  gulf,  where  carefully  organized  trade  took  at 
least  as  high  a  position  as  large  estates  and  a  mul- 
titude of  warlike  retainers  did  elsewhere.  The 
men  of  trade,  like  the  men  of  the  sword,  were  not 
Ambitions,  at  least  not  in  the  way  that  the  word 
is  now  commonly  misused.  They  cared  for  present 
power,  profit,  and  pleasure,  but  not  for  the  fame 
which  follows  after  death.  The  more  wide-minded 
.and  sharper-witted  among  them  became  great  in 
their  own  day,  but  they  left  nothing  behind  them 
in  the  shape  of  biographical  memoranda— their 
inner  thoughts  are  unknown  to  us.  We  must  glean 
what  we  can  from  the  meagre  notices  in  chronicles 
and  the  still  less  stimulating  entries  in  account 
rolls.  We  know  from  the  architecture  they  left 
^behind  them,  their  tombs,  and  the  scanty  remains  of 
their  armour  and  domestic  utensils,  that  they  loved 
beautiful  things ;  but  this  was  in  those  days  hardly 
a  distinction,  for  all  men  then  craved  after  beauty. 
The  severance  between  the  great  traders  of  Venice 
and  the  Westerns  was  rather  one  of  geographical 
position  than  of  desire  or  capacity.  The  English- 
man, the  German,  or  the  Spaniard  had  not  the 
opportunity  which  topographical  position  gave  the 
Venetian  traders  of  exploiting  the  treasures  of 
the  Orient.  It  must  not,  however,  be  assumed  that 
the  Venetians  were  merchants  only.  The  glass  of 
Venice  was  known  from  an  early  period,  and  her 
soap  was  the  best  in  the  world.  The  writer  tells 
us  the  interesting  fact  that  for  the  latter  article 
the  trade-marks  of  the  three  chains,  the  dove,  and 
the  half-moon  were  used,  as  well  as  others  which 
he  does  not  specify.  Were  these  equivalent  to 
heraldic  badges,  or  were  they  fanciful  pictures  only, 
like  most  of  the  trade- marks  of  our  own  time? 
The  fourth  Crusade  was  the  culminating  period  of 
the  prosperity  of  the  Island  City  ;  but  even  that 
would  have  been  of  small  advantage  to  her  had  not 
her  powerful  navy  been  able  to  clear  the  Levant 
of  the  pirates  that  infested  it.  To  these  things  in 
a  great  degree  she  owed  her  wealth  and  her  power, 
and,  what  is  at  the  present  of  far  more  importance, 
she  became  in  a  position  to  elaborate  a  scheme  of 
sea  law  which,  if  not  the  foundation,  was  at  least 
the  substructure  of  the  imperfect  systems  which 
exist  at  the  present  time.  '  Byzantine  Architecture 
in  Greece'  is  interesting,  though  the  title  is  in 
some  degree  a  misnomer,  as  much  space  is  occupied 
by  a  discussion  regarding  the  mosaics  of  St.  Mark's, 
Venice.  It  may  be  that  those  which  adorn  St. 
Mark's  are,  viewed  from  the  standpoint  of  art  alone, 
the  finest  in  existence,  though  the  statement  is 
open  to  question  ;  but  there  is  another  factor  in 
the  problem.  It  should  ever  be  borne  in  mind  that 
it  is  impossible  to  separate  art  from  history.  The 
paper  on  Prosper  Merimee  is  the  work  of  an 
admirer,  but  he  never  becomes  enthusiastic.  He 


realizes  Merimee's  greatness,  but  we  think  he  feels 
also  that  it  was  of  a  kind  which  could  attract  only 
in  a  very  imperfect  manner  the  sympathies  of  a 
cultured  Englishman.  The  paper  on  '  Recent 
French  and  English  Plays  '  is  the  work  of  one 
who  knows  not  the  playhouse  alone,  but  has 
worked  out  a  theory  of  play-construction  which, 
though  not  our  own,  is  worthy  of  careful  con- 
sideration. The  part  where  the  English  drama  is 
discussed  is  more  helpful  than  the  French  portion. 
Another  point  is  worth  notice.  Is  the  writer 
quite  sure  that  what  he  calls  Puritanism  is  the  sole 
reason  for  the  dislike  of  the  theatre  which  in  some 
minds  exists  almost  as  strongly  as  it  did  among 
those  who  wrote  for  the  Evangelical  Magazine  a 
hundred  years  ago  ?  Surely  there  are  other  reasons, 
one  of  which  is  the  conception,  quite  apart  from 
any  influence  of  right  or  wrong,  that  some  of  the 
stronger  emotions  are  not  fitted  for  scenic  repre- 
sentation. Another  is  that  the  accessories  are 
frequently  so  much  overdone  that  comedy  and 
tragedy  are  wont  to  change  places  in  the  minds  of 
the  kind  of  persons  whom  we  have  indicated. 


to 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 
put  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
heading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "  Duplicate." 

W.  L.  POOLE,  Montevideo  ("  Authors  of  Quota- 
tions Wanted  "). — "  Budge  doctors  of  the  Stoic  fur," 
Milton's  '  Comus,'  1.  707.  "And  beauty,  born  of 
murmuring  sound,"  Wordsworth's  'Three  Years 
she  grew  in  Sun  and  Shower.' 

C.  LAWRENCE  FORD  ("  Hoc  habeo,  quodcumque 
dedi  ").— Seneca, '  De  Beneficiis,'  vi.  3, 1.  See  '  Quod 
expendi  habui,'  7th  S.  xii.  506 ;  8th  S.  i.  155,  503 ;  ii. 
74  ;  v.  75. 

H.  P.  L.  ("Napoleon's  Last  Medal").— For  full 
information  see  ante,  pp.  9,  95. 

DOWGATE  ("Neither  of  which  is  satisfactory"). — 
The  singular  verb  is  correct. 

E.  F.  McPiKE,  Chicago.—'  McDonald  Family  of 
Ireland '  will  appear  next  week. 

NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries'"— Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Pub- 
lisher"—at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  B.C. 

We  beg  leave  to  state  that  we  decline  to  return 
communications  which,  for  any  reason,  we  do  not 
print ;  and  to  this  rule  we  can  make  no  exception. 


io-  s.  ii.  DEC.  3, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

THE    ATHEN£!UM 

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ii.  DEC.  10, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


461 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  10,  1901,. 


CONTENTS.— No.  50. 

NOTES  :— Will's  Coffee-House,  461— Punctuation  in  MSS. 
and  Printed  Books,  462— Shakespeare's  Books— Rossetti 
Bibliography,  464  —  '•  Sycamore  "  :  "  Sycomore  "  —  Cer- 
vantes and  Burns,  465-"  Guith  "  in  Old  Welsh,  466. 

QUERIES  :— Vincent  Stuckey  Lean,  466— McDonald  Family 
of  Ireland— Audience  Meadow  —  "  Freshman  "—Mercury 
in  Tom  Quad,  Oxford— Rule  of  the  Road  — Lady  Jean 
Douglas— "  Calf's  gadyr,"  467  —  Three  Tailors  of  Tooley 
Street  —  Anthony  Brewer  —  Victoria  —  Modern  Italian 
Artists  —  Samuel  Pope's  Marbled  Paper— Motor  Index 
Marks— Pettus,  468  — Royal  Hunting  — Ben  Jonson  and 
Bacon  — Cross  in  the  Greek  Church  — Roman  Guards 
removed  from  Palestine  to  Lincoln— Phumicians  at  Fal- 
mouth,  469. 

REPLIES  :— Dog-names.  469  — Angles:  England,  Original 
Meaning— Bacon  or  Usher?  471— Daniel  Webster— High 
Peak  Words,  472— Shakespeare's  Wife— Step-brother,  473 
—Antiquary  v.  Antiquarian— Cosas  de  Kspafia— Witham 
— Epitaphiana,  474— Battle  of  Bedr,  475— Parish  Docu- 
ments :  their  Preservation  —  '  Reliquiae  Wottonianse  '  — 
Quotations  —  Anahuac  —  Cricklewood  —  Bananas,  476  — 
Tithing  Barn— Isabelline  as  a  Colour— Authors  of  Quota- 
tions Wanted — Joannes  v.  Johannes,  477. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— Bain's  'The  Great  God's  Hair'— 
Worthington  Smith's  'Dunstable '— 'The  Flemings  in 
Oxford'  —  'Inquisitions  post  Mortem:  Henry  III.'  — 
Farmar's  'Place-name  Synonyms  Classified '—Johnston's 
•  Place-names  of  Stirlingshire  '— '  Burlington  Magazine  '— 
Reviews  and  Magazines. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


Stole** 

WILL'S  COFFEE-HOUSE. 

THE  impression  is  conveyed  in  the  query 
concerning  the  Grievance  Office  (ante,  p.  207) 
that  the  Will's  Coffee-House  in  Scotland  Yard 
was  identical  with  the  famous  wits'  resort  in 
Bow  Street,  Covent  Garden.  But  there  is 
no  reason,  apparently,  to  suppose  that  the 
club-tavern  known  to  Pope,  Dryden,  &c.,  as 
Will's  Coffee-House,  was  ever  transferred, 
even  in  respect  to  ownership,  to  Scotland 
Yard.  The  fact  is  there  were  no  fewer  than 
five  coffee-houses  in  the  middle  of  the  eigh- 
teenth century  known  in  London  as  Will's,  and 
the  frequency  of  the  name  is  no  doubt  to  be 
accounted  for  in  its  adoption  with  a  view  to 
attract  the  custom  of  those  to  whom  the 
fame  and  popularity  of  the  house  in  Covent 
Garden  were  proverbial. 

William  Urwin,  who  kept  the  Bow  Street 
house,  was,  according  to  Cunningham,  alive 
in  1695  ;  but  it  retained  its  name  long  after 
his  death.  Will's  Coffee-House,  opposite  the 
Admiralty,  appears  to  have  been  originally 
called  Wells's-in  'Old  and  New  London' 
wrongly  spelt  "Well's" — and  in  Salusbfrn/s 
Filling  Post  of  27  Oct.,  1696  (not  "Salis- 
bury's," as  in  '  Old  and  New  London '),  is  an 
•extraordinary  advertisement  inserted  by  a 


victim  to  a  highway  robbery  near  Kentish 
Town.  In  Will's  Coffee-House  in  Covent 
Garden,  which  stood  on  the  north  side  of  the 
west-end  corner  of  Bow  Street  in  Russell 
Street,  the  wits'  room  was  upstairs,  the  lower 
part  being  let  in  1693  to  a  woollen  draper 
(London  Gaz.,  No.  2957);  and  in  1722  it  was 
occupied  by  a  bookseller,  "  James  Woodman, 
at  Camden's  Head."  Ned  Ward,  in  his 
4  London  Spy,'  speaks  of  going  upstairs, 
where  the  company  was  to  be  found.  But 
in  the  case  of  the  Scotland  Yard  Will's, 
opposite  the  Admiralty,  the  conditions  were 
reversed,  and  the  tavern  part  was  on  the 
ground  floor,  as  the  following  advertisement 
indicates  : — 

To  be  Lett,  unfurnish'd 

Over  Will's  Coffee  House,  facing  the  Admiralty, 
up  one  and  two  Pair  of  Stairs,  Very  good  Chambers, 
with  handsome  Closets,  fit  for  a  single  Gentleman, 
with  good  Garrets  for  Servants.  Please  to  enquire 
at  the  Bar  of  Will's  Coffee  House.- Daily  Advert., 
28  June,  1742. 

Other  advertisements  show  that  it  was 
something  of  a  fashionable  resort : — 

*'  Left  on  Thursday  Night  last,  about  Nine 
o'Clock,  in  a  Hackney  Coach  that  took  up  a  Gentle- 
man in  Villers-[szV]Street,  and  set  him  down  at 
Capt.  Long's,  in  Holies-Street,  Cavendish  Square, 
a  Silver-hilted  Sword.  Whoever  brings  it  to  Capt. 
Long's  aforesaid,  or  to  the  Bar  at  Will's  Coffee- 
House,  Scotland  Yard,  shall  have  Half  a  Guinea 
Reward,  and  no  Questions  ask'd." — Daily  Adv., 
22  Dec.,  1741. 

"A  Person  is  Wanted  who  Draws  and  Designs, 
and  is  willing  to  go  abroad  ;  let  him  enquire  for 
Particulars  at  the  Bar  at  Will's  Coffee  House  in 
Scotland  Yard,  over  against  the  Admiralty." — 
Ibid.,  2  July,  1742. 

"  Dropt  the  4th  instant,  about  One  o'Clock  in  the 
Bank,  two  Notes ;  one  No.  207,  for  50/.,  the  other 
No.  208,  for  40^.,  in  the  Name  of  William  Scobie. 
Whoever  brings  them  to  Will's  Coffee-House,  in 
Scotland  Yard,  shall  receive  Ten  Guineas  Reward, 
and  no  Questions  ask'd.  Payment  is  stopt  at  the 
Bank."— Ibid.,  13  March,  1742. 

Will's  Coffee-House  in  Cornhill  was  "  to  be 
Lett  at  Midsummer  next,"  on  inquiry  of  Mr. 
John  Drinkwater,  a  tinman  in  Bread  Street 
(ibid.,  No.  3612).  Inquiries  about  the  letting 
of  a  "  Handsome  House,  well  wainscotted 
and  sashed,  with  large  Warehouses  and  Lofts 
over  them situate  in  Thames  Street,  op- 
posite Fishmongers'  Hall,"  were  to  be  made 
at  the  bar  of  Will's  Coffee-House  in  Cornhill 
at  Change-time  (ibid.,  25  March,  1742). 

At  Will's  Coffee-House  in  Bow  Lane  in- 
quiries were  to  be  made  concerning  the  letting 
of  another  "  First  Floor "  near  the  Royal 
Exchange  (ibid.,  17  June,  1742). 

Inquiries  about  the  sale  of  the  "Mansion 
House  of  Francis  Fysher,  Esq.,  adjoining  to 
Grantham  in  Lincolnshire,"  were  to  be  made 


462 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io»- s.  11.  DEC.  10, 100*. 


of  Mr  Samuel  Forster,  at  Will's  Coffee-House, 
near  Lincoln's  Inn  (ibid.,  26  Feb.,  1742). 

Near  the  Scotland  Yard  "  Will's  "  there  was 
another  coffee-house  known  as  "Young  Will's." 
This  was  in  Buckingham  Court,  Spring  Gar- 
dens, Charing  Cross,  a  court  where  Mrs. 
Centlivre  died  in  1723  (see  ibid.,  5  March  and 
8  April,  1742).  At  the  latter  date  it  was 
called  "Will's"  only.  It  was  near  Walling- 
ford  House,  and  Sir  Christopher  Wren  re- 
ceived the  following  instructions  from  the 
Board  of  Green  Cloth  concerning  the  closing 
of  a  way  leading  from  the  court  into  the 
Spring  Garden  : — 

"Whereas  information  hath  been  given  to  this 
Board  there  is  a  great  and  numerous  concourse  of 
Papists  and  other  persons  disaffected  to  the  Govern- 
ment that  resort  to  the  Coffee  House  of  one  Brome- 

field,  in  Buckingham  Court and  to  other  houses 

there :  And  whereas  there  is  a  Door  lately  opened 
out  of  that  Court  into  the  lower  part  of  the  Spring 
Garden  that  leads  into  St.  James's  Park,"  £c.— See 
further  Cunningham's  '  London.' 

J.    HOLDEN   MAcMlCHAEL. 

161,  Hammersmith  Road. 


PUNCTUATION   IN   MSS.   AND   PRINTED 

BOOKS. 
(See  ante,  p.  301.) 

SOME  of  the  observations  made  in  investi- 
gating the  matters  already  mentioned  are 
recorded  in  the  following  notes.  The  notes 
take  the  MSS.  and  print  in  chronological 
order.  Here  and  there  comments  have  been 
made  in  the  nature  of  argument  and  illus- 
tration. The  superior  figures  refer  to  the 
examples  at  the  end  of  the  article. 

4  Fragmenta  Herculanensia/  ed.  W.  Scott, 
1885.— Papyri  fragments  from  Herculaneum. 
Before  A.D.  79.  Thompson  ('  Palaeography,' 
p.  187)  remarks  that  long  vowels  are  in  these 
papyri  in  many  instances  marked  with 
accent ;  t  when  long  is  apparently  doubled 
vertically.1  Thus,  throughout  the  whole  of 
our  era,  i  has  been  marked  by  strokes  arid 
dots  for  various  purposes  somewhat  more 
frequently  than  have  other  letters.  No  uni- 
form practice  is  traceable,  nor  any  guiding 
principle. 

B.M.  Pap.  ccxxx.  —  Papyrus  fragment  of 
Psalter,  circ.  third  century.  Has  (apparently, 
for  the  papyrus  is  much  broken)  some  double- 
dotted  iotas.2 

B.M.  Royal  MSS.  1  D.  v.-viii.  The  Codex 
Alexandrinus. — Probably  early  fifth  century. 
It  has  (at  least  Mark  ix.  2-29  examined)  fre- 
quent double-dotted  v  and  i'  (no  other  vowel). 
These  are  always  initial,  and  usually  after  a 
vowel  in  preceding  word.'5  "The  punctua- 
tion is  by  the  first  hand  "  (Kenyon).  This 


consists  of  high  point  only  for  all  purposes- 
No  marks  of  interrogation  or  exclamation. 
o  Se  a7ro/</3i#eis  avrots  Aeyer  w  yevea 

(US     7TOTC 


O.VTOV.... 

Kat  €Trr)po)Tr)(T€v  TOV  7r(are)pa    avrov  TTOQ-OS 
ecrrtv    <os    TOVTO    yeyoi'ev    avra>*    o    6V 


Sta  rt  rjfjitis  OVK*  r)8vvriOir][JLev  €KJ3a.\€Lv  avro' 


Kttt  €17T€V.... 

Note  OVK   always. 

The  Codex  Sinaiticus  (early  fifth  century} 
has  also  4. 

B.M.  Cotton  MS.  Titus,  C.  xv.  Gospels 
in  Greek.  —  Sixth  C?)  century.  Punctuation 
single  dot  :  (1)  high,  (2)  middle,  (3)  low 
breathings.  Two  dots  over  initial  i',  one  dot 
over  initial  i>,  throughout.5 

Harl.  MS.  5792.  A  Grseco-Lat.  Glossary. 
—  Probably  of  the  seventh  century.  The 
scribe  ignorantly  copies  from  his  archetype 
the  cursive  or  long  f  as  a  dotted  i.  Some- 
times he  copies  as  i  without  dot. 

Pal.  Soc.,  ii.  pi.  32.  Homilies  of  St.  Maxi- 
mus.  —  In  Ambrosian,  Turin.  (Papyrus  ?) 
seventh  century.  The  vowels  a,  u,  e,  seem  to- 
be  dotted,  and  i  not.  The  longer  i's  are  not 
capitals.7 

Wattenbach,  'Script.  Gr.  Spec.,'  tab.  9. 
Venetian  Codex,  O.T.  —  Greek,  eighth  or 
ninth  century.8 

Punctuation  9  :  the  first  two  have  modern 
values  in  special  cases.  The  last  marks  the 
close  of  a  paragraph. 

Thompson,  'Greek  and  Latin  Palaeography/ 
p.  235.  A  facsimile  of  a  MS.  of  Sulpicius 
Severus.  —  Early  ninth  century.  **  Ex  uteri- 
bus  caprarum  aut  ovium  pastorum  manu 

gressis.  longa  linea  copiosi10  ......  nos  obstupe- 
icti  tantae  rei  miraculo.  id  quod,"  &c. 

These  are  apparent  examples  of  modern, 
use  of  the  note  of  exclamation,  but  I  have- 
not  seen  more  of  the  MS.  At  least  the 
erroneous  pointing  in  other  places  (e.g.,  "puer. 
surrexit  ")  makes  against  the  probability  of 
any  such  intent  on  the  part  of  the  scribe. 
The  occurrence  only  adds  to  the  instances 
which  may  be  cited  of  a  mark  like  the 
ecphoneme. 

In  the  Bibliotheque  Nationale.  See  'Album, 
Paleogr.,'  pi.  22.  Gospels  of  Lothair.  — 
Written  at  Tours,  Abbey  of  St.  Martin, 
middle  of  the  ninth  century. 

Note  the  punctuation:  "Ait  paraly- 
tico  .  tibi  dico  surge  .  et  tolle  lectum  tuum  .. 
et  uade  in  domu(m)  tuam  ;  Et  confestim,"  &c. 

In  the  Royal  Library,  Munich.  Pal.  Soc., 
i.  pi.  123.—  St.  Augustine,  written  Ratisbon, 
823.  This  uses  n  as  a  slight  mark,  equal  to- 


.  ii.  DEC.  10, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


463 


modern  comma,  side  by  side  with  semicolons ; 
e.r/.,  "eius  dilectio  ;  Terrain  diligis  /  terra 

eris  ;  quid  dicam  .  deus  eris  12."  The  last 

sign  is  perhaps  a  mark  of  interrogation. 

In  B.M.  See  also  Pal.  Soc.,  i.  pi.  95. 
Martyrology.  —  Written  in  the  diocese  of 
Burgos,  A.D.  919. 13 

The  i  not  dotted.  The  mark  after  "Pro- 
tasius "  is  not  a  mark  of  exclamation,  but, 
as  in  1],  apparently  the  slight  punctuation 
mark  of  other  MSS.  Note  that  it  is  not 
unlike  (in  disposition  of  elements  at  least) 
the  colon  used  after  plecti.  The  dot  over  i  in 
Xpi  is  part  of  the  abbreviating  mark,  as  it  is 
not  found  over  other  i's. 

The  Codex  Vetus  of  Plautus,  in  which 
there  occurs  6  written  as  an  ecphoneme,  at 
Cist.,  727,  &c.,  was  written  in  Germany  in 


the  tenth  century  (W.  M.  Lindsay,  4  Introd. 
to  Latin  Textual  Emendation,'  p.  57). 

Prof.  Lindsay  (loc.  cit.\  after  giving  the- 
above-quoted  evidence  as  to  the  employment 
of  6,  goes  on  to  say  that  "this  is  the  origin 
of  our  sign  of  exclamation  (/)."  The  italicizing 
is  mine.  Such  deductions  are  quite  unwar- 
ranted from  such  slight  premise.  Of  course, 
if  Prof.  Lindsay  can  show  other  (many) 
occurrences  his  position  would  be  stronger, 
though  amidst  the  confusion  of  the  MS. 
usages  this  kind  of  derivation  can  with 
extreme  difficulty  be  proved.  Obviousness- 
is  delusive.  Besides,  might  not  o  in  6  be- 
simply  a  variant  of  the  dot1?  I  have  not 
seen  MS.  or  facsimile. 

F.  W.  G.  FOAT,  D.LiL 
(To  be  continued.) 


464 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  IL  DEC.  10, 1904. 


SHAKESPEARE'S   BOOKS. 

<See  9th  S.  v.,  vi.,  vii.,  viii.,  xi.,  xii. ;  10th  S.  i.  465.) 
IN  '  Henry  V.,'  IV.  i.,  Shakespeare  supplies 
•an  example  of  merismus  or  the  distributor  : — 
Henry.  JTis  not  the  balm,  the  sceptre  and  the  ball, 
The  sword,  the  mace,  the  crown  imperial, 
'The  intertissued  robe  of  gold  and  pearl, 
The  farced  title  running  'fore  the  king, 
The  throne  he  sits  on,  nor  the  tide  of  pomp 
That  beats  upon  the  high  shore  of  this  world, 
No,  not  all  these  thrice-gorgeous  ceremony, 
Not  all  these  laid  in  bed  majestical, 
Can  sleep  so  soundly  as  the  wretched  slave, 
Who  with  a  body  fill'd  and  vacant  mind 
'Gets  him  to  rest,  cramm'd  with  distressful  bread. 
This  figure  is  thus  described  by  Puttenham  : 
"  Then  have  ye  a  figure  very  meet  for  Orators  or 
eloquent  perswaders  such  as  our  maker  or  Poet 
must  in  some  cases  shew  himselfe  to  be,  and  is 
when  we  may  conveniently  utter  a  matter  in  one 
•entire  speech  or  proposition,  and  will  rather  do  it 
peecemeale  and  by  distribution  of  every  part  for 
•  amplification  sake,  as,  for  example,  he  that  might 
say,  a  house  was  outragiously  plucked  down :  will 
•not  be  satisfied  so  to  say,  but  rather  will  speak  it  in 
this  sort :  they  first  undermined  the  ground-sills, 
they  beate  doune  the  walles,  they  unfloored  the 
loftes,  they  untiled  it  and  pulled  doune  the  roofe. 
For  so  indeed  is  a  house  pulled  doune  by  circum- 
stances which  this  figure  of  distribution  doth  set 
-forth  every  one  apart,  and  therefore  I  name  him 
^the  distributor  according  to  his  originall." 

"  The    zealous    Poet    writing    in  prayse  of    the 
maiden  Queene  would  not  seeme  to  wrap  up  all  her 
most  excellent  parts  in  a  few  words  them  entirely 
comprehending,    but   did    it   by  a  distributor  or 
merismus  in  the  negative  for  the  better  grace,  thus. 
.Not  your  bewtie,  most  gracious  souveraine, 
.Not  maidenly  lookes,  maintenid  with  maiestie. 
Your  stately  port,  which  doth  not  match  but  staine, 
For  your  presence,  your  pallace  and  your  traine, 
.All  Princes  Courts,  mine  eye  could  ever  see : 
.Not  your  quick  wits,  with  sober  governance : 
Your  clear  foresight,  your  faithful  memory, 
So  sweet  features,  in  so  staid  countenance  : 
Nor  languages  with  plentious  utterance, 
To  able  to  discourse  and  entertain : 
Not  noble  race,  for  far  beyond  Caesars  reign, 
Run  in  right  line,  and  blood  of  nointed  kings : 
Not  large  empire,  armies,  treasures,  domaine, 
Lusty  liveries,  of  fortunes  dearest  darlings  : 
Not  all  the  skills,  fit  for  a  Princely  dame, 
Your  learned  Muse,  with  use  and  study  brings. 
Not  true  honour,  ne  that  immortal  fame 
Of  mayden  reign,  your  only  own  renown 
And  no  Queen's  yet  such  as  yeilds  your  name 
Greater  glory  than  doth  your  treble  crown. 

"  And  then  concludes  thus. 
Not  any  one  of  all  these  honoured  parts 
Your  Princely  happes,  and  habites  that  do  move,  &c. 
Where  ye  see  that  all  the  parts  of  her  commenda- 
tion which  were  particularly  remembered  in  twenty 
verses  before,  are  tvrapt  up  in  the  two  verses  of  this 
last  part,  videl. 

Not  any  one  of  all  your  honoured  parts 
Those  Princely  haps  and  habits,  &c." 

The  zealous  poet  does  not  wrap  up  all  the 
queen's  most  excellent  parts  in  a  few  words. 


but  he  distributes  them  in  the  negative  for 
better  grace  ;  and  Shakespeare  does  not  wrap 
up  all  the  king's  ceremonial  attributes  in  a 
few  words,  but  distributes  them  in  the 
negative. 

Puttenham's  words  are  "  Not  any  one  of  all 
these,"  &c.  :  and  Shakespeare's  words  are 
"  Not  all  these,"  &c. 

Shakespeare,  in  distributing  the  attributes 
of  thrice-gorgeous  ceremony,  uses  not  in  ex- 
pressing denial,  and  nor  in  introducing  other 
parts  of  the  negative ;  and  Puttenham  makes 
the  same  use  of  not  and  nor  in  distributing 
the  excellent  parts  of  the  maiden  queen. 

Shakespeare  may  also  refer  to  this  figure 
in  *  Hamlet,'  V.  ii.,  where  Osric  speaks  of 
Laertes  as  a  gentleman  of  most  excellent 
differences,  &c.  Hamlet  says  "  to  divide  him 
inventorially  would  dizzy  the  arithmetic  of 
memory";  and  afterwards  he  says,  "Why 
do  we  wrap  the  gentleman  in  our  more  rawer 
breath  ?"— that  is,  Why  do  we,  instead  of  dis- 
tributing every  part  of  Laertes's  excellent 
differences,  wrap  them  up  in  a  few  words 
entirely  comprehending  them?  The  "rawer 
breath"  may  represent  "fewer  words."  A 
commentator  suggests  "warp"  for  "wrap," 
but  Puttenham  uses  the  word  "  wrap"  twice 
in  his  description  of  this  figure,  the  distri- 
butor, to  which  Shakespeare  here  refers. 

Shakespeare  also  refers  to  this  figure  in 
another  part  of  *  Hamlet '  (I.  i.) : — 
Ham.  Seems,  madam  !    Nay,  it  is ;  I  know  not 

seems. 

'Tis  not  alone  my  inky  cloak,  good  mother, 
Nor  customary  suits  of  solemn  black, 
Nor  windy  suspiration  of  forc'd  breath, 
No,  nor  the  fruitful  river  in  the  eye, 
Nor  the  dejected  'haviour  of  the  visage, 
Together  with  all  forms,  modes,  shows  of  grief, 
That  can  denote  me  truly :  these,  indeed,  seem, 
For  they  are  actions  that  a  man  might  play. 

In  this  passage  Hamlet  uses  not  in  expressing 
denial,  and  nor  in  introducing  other  parts  of 
the  negative.  W.  L.  RUSHTON. 

(To  be  continued.) 


ROSSETTI  BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  In  the  New 
York  Bibliographer  for  December,  1902,  and 
January,  1903,  there  was  printed  a  'Biblio- 
graphy of  the  Works  of  Dante  Gabriel 
Elossetti,'  compiled  by  his  brother,  Mr.  W.  M. 
Elossetti.  In  the  April  part  of  the  same 
periodical  I  was  able  to  add  a  few  titles  that 
lad  escaped  the  notice  of  Mr.  Rossetti.  There 
is  also,  as  most  readers  know,  a  good  biblio- 
graphy of  Rossetti's  books  by  Mr.  John  P. 
Anderson,  of  the  British  Museum,  which  was 
appended  to  Mr.  Joseph  Knight's  valuable 
ife  of  the  poet-painter  ("  Great  Writers " 
Series,  1887).  Considering,  therefore,  that- 


10*  s.  ii.  DEC.  10, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


465 


so  many  heads  were  employed  over  one  piece 
of  work,  it  is  a  little  curious  to  find  that  one 
important  item  was  omitted  from  all  these 
bibliographies.  This  is  the  well-known  sonnet 
of  Rossetti,  headed  *  Lost  Days,'  which  was 
originally  published  in  the  following  work  : 

"  A  Welcome :  |  Original  Contributions  in  [ 
Poetry  and  Prose  |  [Printer's  device.]  |  London  :  j 
Emily  Faithfull,  |  Printer  and  Publisher  in  Ordi- 
nary to  Her  Majesty,  |  Princes  Street,  Hanover 
Square,  and  |  83A,  Farringdon  Street.  |  1863." 

This  book  was  published  on  the  occasion 
of  the  arrival  of  the  Princess  Alexandra  in 
England,  and,  like  most  of  Miss  FaithfulPs 
publications,  it  has  become  rather  scarce. 
The  contributors  were  among  the  leading 
writers  of  the  day,  although  two  or  three  of 
the  distinguished  names  which  are  found  in 
Miss  Faithf  ull's  earlier  volume,  '  The  Victoria 
Regia/  are  missing.  Dante  Rossetti's  sonnet 
was  printed  on  p.  118.  In  the  index  to  Mr. 
W.  M.  Rossetti's  *  Dante  Gabriel  Rossetti  as 
Designer  and  Writer/  1889,  the  date  of  com- 
position of  this  sonnet  is  conjecturally  as- 
signed to  1858.  Mrs.  Dante  Rossetti  died  in 
February,  1862,  and  this  sonnet  must  have 
been  amongst  those  which  escaped  the  fate 
of  the  greater  number  of  Rossetti's  writings. 
A  copy  probably  remained  in  the  possession 
of  Miss  Christina  Rossetti,  who  contributed 
the  poem  of  'Dream  Love'  to  *  A  Welcome,' 
and  was  doubtless  responsible  for  the  inser- 
tion of  her  brother's  sonnet.  '  Lost  Days ' 
was  afterwards  published  in  the  Fortnightly 
fievieio,  vol.  v.  pp.  266-273,  N.S.,  1869,  and 
was  included  in  the  privately  printed  sets 
of  *  Poems,'  1869  and  1870,  before  it  found 
a  final  resting-place  as  an  integral  portion 
of  'The  House  of  Life'  in  the  published 
4 Poems'  of  1870. 

In  the  Bibliographer  article  (December,  1902, 
p.  429)  Mr.  W.  M.  Rossetti  says  that  in  one  of 
the  numbers  of  the  Dark  Blue  appeared  D.  G. 
Rossetti's  poem  '  Down  Stream.'  It  may  be 
well  to  give  the  exact  reference :  the  Dark 
Blue,  vol.  ii.  pp.  211,  212  (October,  1871). 

The  poem  was  illustrated  by  two  woodcuts, 
the  work  of  Ford  Madox  Brown.  One  was 
on  a  separate  sheet  of  plate  paper,  and  the 
other  formed  the  tailpiece  of  the  poem. 
According  to  Mr.  W.  M.  Rossetti  ('Dante 
Gabriel  Rossetti,'  1889,  p.  155), '  Down  Stream' 
was  written  towards  the  month  of  July,  1871, 
"  as  its  local  colouring  clearly  points  to 
Kelmscott."  It  was  contributed  to  the  Dark 
Blue  on  the  invitation  of  Madox  Brown,  and 
was  not  reprinted  till  it  appeared  in  the 
'Poems'  of  1881,  p.  142.  It  was  originally 
called  '  The  River's  Record.' 

W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 


"  SYCAMORE  "  :  "  SYCOMORE. "  —  Discussing 
the  form  usycomore,"  the  'Encyclopaedic 
Dictionary '  has  the  following  : — 

"  The  wood  is  of  little  value,  but  the  fruit  is  sweet 
and  edible.  It  is  the  sycomore  (1  Kings  x.  27  : 
2  Chron.  i.  15,  ix.  27)  and  sycamore  (Isa.  ix.  10 ; 
Luke  xix.  4)  of  Scripture.  In  the  last  two  passages 
the  R.V.  properly  substitutes  sycomore  for  syca- 
more." 

It  will  be  observed  that  no  reference  is 
made  in  this  statement  to  the  use  of  the  word 
in  1  Chron.  xxvii.  28,  Psalm  Ixxviii.  47, 
and  Amos  vii.  14.  Apart  from  this  omission, 
however,  it  is  curious  to  compare  what  is  said 
with  the  versions  of  several  reprints  of  the 
A.V.  immediately  at  hand.  In  an  edition  of 
1634,  "printed  by  Robert  Barker,  Printer  to 
the  Kings  most  excellent  Majestie,  and  by 
the  Assignes  of  John  Bill,"  "  sycamore"  is  the 
reading  of  1  Kings  x.  27,  the  other  passages 
noted  by  the  lexicographer  all  having  "  syco- 
more." Of  versions  that  have  appeared 
within  the  last  thirty  years,  two  published 
by  Messrs.  William  Collins  &  Sons,  one  by 
Messrs.  Go  wans  &  Gray,  and  one  bjr  Messrs. 
Samuel  Bagster  &  Sons  all  have  "  sycamore  " 
throughout,  while  copies  printed  respectively 
by  Messrs.  Eyre  &  Spottiswoode  and  at  the 
Cambridge  University  Press  agree  with  the 
R.V.  in  giving  only  "sycomore."  Another 
difference  of  view  among  those  responsible 
for  the  various  editions  is  illustrated  in  their 
adjustment  of  the  allied  words  "sycamore 
trees,"  some  giving  them  independent  value 
as  now  quoted,  while  others  link  them  with 
a  hyphen.  The  version  of  1634  presents  the 
words  separately  in  2  Chron.  ix.  27,  using 
the  compound  form  elsewhere.  With  regard  to 
the  name  of  the  tree  our  collation  brings  out 
three  groups  of  divergences  in  reprints  of  the 
A.V.,  while  a  fourth  is  involved  in  the  sum- 
mary of  the  'Encyclopaedic  Dictionary.'  It 
may  be  added  that  in  Cruden's  '  Concordance,' 
ed.  Eadie  (Charles  Griffin  &  Co.,  1875),  "  syca- 
more" alone  is  recognized. 

THOMAS  BAYNE. 

CERVANTES  AND  BURNS.— J.  G.  Lockhart— 
himself  the  best  biographer  of  Burns,  and,  at 
the  same  time,  a  master  of  both  English  and 
Spanish  literature— expresses  an  opinion,  in 
his  edition  of  'Don  Quixote,'  1822.  which 
very  much  astonished  me.  In  his  Notes  he 
mentions  Cervantes's  '  Colloquio  de  Dos 
Perros,'  to  which  he  appends  this  foot-note 
(vol.  v.  p.  340)  :— 

"  By  the  way,  it  is  evident  that  Burns  has  taken 
from  this  colloquy  not  only  the  title,  but  the  general 
idea  and  strain  of  his  famous  '  Twa  Dogs.'  " 

After  searching  through  several  of  the  best 
modern  editions  of  Burns's  works,  I  could 


466 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [10*  s.  n.  DEC.  10, 1904. 


find  no  trace  of  the  poet  ever  having  had  the 
slightest  knowledge  of  Spanish,  nor  any 
editor  hinting  at  even  such  a  possibility. 
Not  long  ago,  however,  there  came  into  my 
possession  a  rare  little  volume  bearing  this 
title  :  — 

"A  Dialogue  Between  Scipio  and  Bergansa,  Two 
Dogs  belonging  to  the  City  of  Toledo.  Giving  an 
Account  of  their  Lives  and  Adventures.  With 
Their  Reflections  on  the  Lives,  Humours,  and 
Employments  of  the  Masters  they  lived  with.  To 
which  is  annexed,  The  Comical  History  of  Rincon 
and  Cortado.  Both  Written  by  the  Celebrated 
Author  of  Don  Quixote  ;  And  now  first  Translated 
From  the  Spanish  Original.  London  :  Printed  for 
S.  Bladon,  in  Pater-noster-Row.  MDCCLXVII." 

It  is  more  than  likely  that  Burns  may  have 
come  into  possession  of  this  translation  of 
the  '  Colloquio '  ;  for  it  is  just  such  a  book 
as  the  pedlars  of  his  day  would  carry  about 
with  them  for  sale  in  the  rural  districts  of 
the  country.  It  will  be  remembered,  as  a 
case  in  point,  that  the  famous  Richard  Baxter 
first  became  acquainted  with  the  '  Bruised 
Reed'  of  Dr.  Richard  Sibbes  in  this  way. 
"And  about  that  time,"  says  Baxter  in  his 
autobiography,  "it  pleased  God  that  a  poor 
Pedlar  came  to  the  door  that  had  Ballads  and 
some  good  Books  :  and  my  Father  bought 
of  him  Dr.  Sibbes's  'Bruised  Reed.'"  This 
4  Dialogue '  is  a  very  curious  and  a  very 
interesting  little  book  ;  but  it  is  only  in  idea 
that  it  can  for  a  moment  be  mentioned  in 
connexion  with  Burns's  immortal  poem.  The 
copy  before  me  is  the  only  one  I  have  ever 
seen  or  heard  of.  The  Mitchell  Library  of 
Glasgow,  which  is  singularly  rich  in  Burnsi- 
ana,  has  not  a  copy  in  its  fine  collection. 
When  the  original  of  the  '  Colloquio '  was 
first  printed  I  have  not  been  able  to  learn  ; 
but  the  translation  of  1767,  referred  to  above, 
appears  to  be,  so  far  as  I  can  trace,  the  only 
one  in  English. 

Since  writing  the  foregoing,  I  have  con- 
sulted Mr.  Watts's  'Life  of  Cervantes/  1895. 
Of  the  contents  of  the  volume  above  men- 
tioned he  gives  a  very  favourable  account 
(pp.  170-2),  and  there  can  be  no  doubt  that 
they  originally  appeared  in  the  collection  of 

*  Novelas  Exemplares,'  1613.  A.  S. 

"  GUITH  "  IN  OLD  WELSH.— PROF.  SKEAT,  in 
his  reply  on  '  Witham '  (ante,  p.  333),  asks 
where  guith  with  the  meaning  of  separation 
comes  from,  and  the  question  is  not  easy  to 
answer ;  but  the  meaning  referred  to  was 
assigned  to  this  old  word  as  late  as  the  thir- 
teenth century.  In  the  Sawley-Cambridge 
MS.  of  the  'Historia  Brittonura,'  which  is 
denoted  by  letter  C  in  Mommsen's  edition  in 

*  Chronica  Minora,'  vol.  iii.,  there  is  a  marginal 


note  which  explains  "  Guith,"  which  is  the 
Welsh  name  of  Vecta,  the  Isle  of  Wight.  We 
are  told  (cap.  viii.  p.  148)  that  Britannia  has 
three  islands  "  quarum  una  vergit  contra 
Armoricas  et  vocatur  inis  Gueith  :  quant,  Bri- 
tones  insulam  Gueid  vel  Guith  [vacant],  quod 
Latine  divorcium  did  potest."  (The  passage 
italicized  is  written  on  the  margin  of  the 
Cambridge  MS.  and  appears  in  a  copy  of  it 
made  in  the  same  century,  namely,  in  Momm- 
sen's L.) 

The  forms  gueid  and  gueith  reproduce, 
though  not  quite  correctly,  early  methods  of 
spelling  the  word  guith.  E,  in  all  probabi- 
lity, is  a  misreading  of  o,  the  Welsh  sounds 
gw  having  been  spelt  guo  in  the  ninth  cen- 
tury, when  Nennius  wrote  ;  while  d  in  some 
early  MSS.  is  used  to  represent  the  hard  den- 
tal aspirate.  For  instance,  it  occurs  in  the 
Old-Welsh  glosses  written  in  a  copy  of  Mar- 
cianus  Capella  in  the  eighth  century,  and  it 
is  also  found  in  the  concluding  lines  of  the 
*  Book  of  Aneurin,'  which  was  written  in  the 
thirteenth.  The  true  forms  of  the  word,  then, 
are  Guoid,  Guoith,  and  Guith.  There  is  no 
representative  of  it  in  modern  Welsh  with 
the  meaning  of  "divorcium." 

A.  ANSCOMBE. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest; 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct.  

VINCENT  STUCKEY  LEAN.  —  In  a  recent 
number  of  your  valued  periodical  this  gentle- 
man's work,  in  5  vols.,  '  Folk-lore  Collections 
of  all  Nations,'  was  reviewed.  It  is  stated 
in  the  memoir  of  his  life  (vol.  i  )  that  his 
great-grandfather  came  from  Lesmahagow, 
Lanark,  early  in  the  eighteenth  century,  and 
settled  at  Bridge  water,  Somerset.  I  notice 
in  the  third  volume  that  a  book-plate  is 
inserted,  showing  his  coat  of  arms  and  motto, 
which  is  that  of  the  clan  Maclean.  I  have 
never  heard  that  the  prefix  Mac  to  a  name 
was  prohibited  in  Scotland  except  in  the  case 
of  the  clan  Macgregor  ;  but  I  shall  be  glad 
to  know  if  in  Ireland  at  any  time  that  prefix, 
as  well  as  the  prefix  O,  to  surnames  was  pro- 
hibited. If  such  were  the  case,  the  probability 
is  that  in  many  instances  it  would  not  be 
resumed  when  families  migrated  to  England. 
There  was  once  a  family  named  Lean  in 
Cornwall,  and  Walford's  'County  Families' 
of  some  thirty  years  back  states  that  John 
Lean  of  that  county  resumed  the  prefix  in 
1843 ;  he  was  long  after  well  known  as  Sir 


io»  s.  it.  DEC.  10, 1901.)        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


467 


John  Maclean,  the  eminent  antiquary.  Was 
V.  S.  Lean  of  the  same  family  as  Sir  John 
Maclean  ? 

It  would  be  interesting  to  know  if  there 
are  many  families  of  the  name  of  Lean  who 
have  dropped  the  prefix  of  Mac. 

ALASDAIR  MACGILLEAN. 

MCDONALD  FAMILY  OF  IRELAND. — In  the 
memorandum  dictated  by  my  grandfather 
(see  9th  S.  xi.  205)  occurs  this  item  :— 

" M'Pike  from  Scotland  to  Miss  Haley  (or 

Haly)/rom  England  ;  she  was  granddaughter  of  Sir 
Edmund  Haley  (astronomer),  England.  Children 
were  James  M'Pike,  Miss  M'Pike.  Miss  M'Pike 
married  M' Donald  of  Ireland.1' 

The  italics  are  mine.  Possible  the  marriage 
M'Pike— Haley  (or  Haly)  took  place  in  Dublin, 
•although  tradition  says*  James  McPike  was 
born  in  Scotland,  presumably  in  Edinburgh, 
circa  1751,  and  "sent  off  to  Dublin  to  acquire 
a  thorough  military  education."  The  Dublin 
parish  registers  are  not  accessible  to  me,  nor 
are  the  records  of  Edinburgh.  Can  any 
one  confirm  the  marriage  of  a  Miss  Pike  or 
McPike  to  one  McDonald  in  Dublin  between 
1760  and  1775? 

EUGENE  F AIRFIELD  McPiKE. 

1,  Park  Row,  Room  606,  Chicago. 

AUDIENCE  MEADOW. — As  no  reply  has  been 
received  to  my  query  on  this  subject,  ante, 
p.  208,  I  shall  be  glad  to  be  allowed  to  repeat 
it.  Audience  Meadow  is  the  name  of  a  field 
in  front  of  Tickwood  Hall,  near  Broseley, 
Shropshire,  where  Charles  I.  is  said  to  have 
held  a  conference  in  1642.  Where  can  I  find 
an  account  of  this  ?  W.  H.  J. 

"FRESHMAN."— When  was  this  term  first 
applied  to  a  new  arrival  at  any  university  1 
In  the  second  translated  edition  of  Buscon, 
1670,  p.  47,  there  is  a  description  of  the  wel- 
come accorded  to  Don  Diego  at  Alcala.  The 
scholars  having  asked  for  and  obtained  money, 
"they  began  to  make  a  hellish  musick,  crying 
Vivat,  Vivat,  welcome  Fresh-man.  Let  him 
henceforward  be  admitted  into  our  Society," 
<fec.  I  am  aware  of  the  notes  on  'College 
Salting '  in  1st  S.  i.,  and  also  the  notes  on 
*  Freshmen  '  in  8th  S.  v.  and  vi. 

HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 

[The  earliest  quotation  in  the'N.E.D.'  for  this 
sense  of  the  word  is  from  Nashe's  'Have  with  vou 
to  Saffron- Walden,'  1596.] 

MERCURY  IN  TOM  QUAD,  OXFORD.— Many 
years  ago  there  was  in  the  fountain  Tom 
•Quad,  Christ  Church,  Oxford,  a  figure  of 
Mercury.  I  am  seventy-six  years  of  age.  I 
have  no  recollection  of  it,  nor  can  I  meet 
with  any  one  that  has,  i.e.,  persons  of  ad- 


vanced age  and  blessed  with  good  memory. 
I  have  read  of  it,  but  no  guide-book  informs 
me  when  it  was  removed.  I  am  curious  to 
know,  and  should  be  obliged  if  you  or  any  of 
your  readers  could  enlighten  me. 

ALMA  MATER. 

RULE  OF  THE  ROAD. — Can  any  reader  give 
me  the  exact  words  of  the  second  quatrain 
on  this  subject]  The  first  I  have  not  only 
from  memory,  but  confirmed  by  Dr.  Brewer 
in  his  '  Dictionary  of  Phrase  and  Fable,' 
where  it  runs  : — 

The  rule  of  the  road  's  an  anomaly  quite, 
In  riding  or  driving  along : 

If  you  go  to  the  left  you  are  sure  to  go  right, 
If  you  go  to  the  right  you  go  wrong. 

It  is  of  the  second  quatrain  that  I  feel 
doubtful,  though  I  know  it  exists,  but  cannot 
find  it  in  either  of  Dr.  Brewer's  books,  or 
in  Eliezer  Edwards's  'Words,  Facts,  and 
Phrases.'  It  runs,  I  believe,  nearly  as 
follows  : — 
But  in  walking  the  matter  is  different  quite  ; 

There,  in  running  or  walking  along, 
If  you  go  to  the  right  you  are  sure  to  be  right, 

If  you  go  to  the  left  you  go  wrong. 
Perhaps    the  better  reading  of   the   second 
line  is : — 

In  walking  the  pavement  along. 

EDWARD  P.  WOLFERSTAN. 

National  Liberal  Club. 

[The  rule  of  the  road  in  various  countries  was  dis- 
cussed at  6th  S.  iii.  468  ;  iv.  34,  154,  258,  278,  316.416  ; 
v.  76.  Several  forms  of  the  tirst  quatrain  were 
quoted,  and  it  was  pointed  out  that  at  3rd  S.  x.  63  a 
connexion  of  the  Erskine  family  stated  that  he  had 
always  understood  that  this  quatrain  was  written 
by  the  witty  Henry  Erskine,  brother  of  the  Lord 
Chancellor.  No  reference,  however,  was  made  in 
any  of  the  communications  to  a  second  quatrain. 
We  have  generally  heard  the  first  as  a  distich  :— 

The  rule  of  the  road  is  a  paradox  quite  : 

Go  right,  you  go  wrong  ;  go  left,  you  go  right.] 

LADY  JEAN  DOUGLAS.  —  Does  any  reader 
know  of  a  portrait  of  Lady  Jean  Douglas 
(1698-1753),  mother  of  the  claimant  in  the 
"  great  Douglas  Cause  '"?  If  so,  where  is  the 
original  picture?  and  has  it  been  engraved  ? 

T.  F.  U. 

"  CALF'S  GADYR." — What  is  the  meaning  of 
"gadyr"?  It  occurs  in  the  accounts  of  the 
churchwardens  of  St.  Mary's  parish  in  Sand- 
wich, Kent,  in  1449  : — 

"  Item,  for  a  calvis  hede  and  a  calvys  gadyr  with 
bread  and  ale  thereto,  for  the  parish's  part  in  re- 
freshing of  the  ministers  of  the  choir  on  Easter  Day 
after  the  tirst  hy  masse,  12&c£." 

The  same  item  of  refreshment  occurs  in 
other  years,  and  one  entry  gives  *'in  the 
vestry  "  as  the  place  where  they  had  this 
"  refreshing." 


468 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io«.  s.  11.  DEC.  10,  190*. 


The  above  extract  has  been  sent  to  me  by 
the  present  Vicar  of  St.  Mary's. 

ARTHUR  HUSSEY. 

[Gadyr  is  one  spelling  of  gather,  an  animal's 
pluck.  The  earliest  quotation  in  the  'N.E.D.'  is 
from  Palsgrave,  1530.] 

THREE  TAILORS  OF  TOOLEY  STREET. — I  should 
be  glad  to  know  when  and  where  Canning 
referred  to  the  Three  Tailors  of  Tooley  Street. 
I  have  traced  the  allusion  as  far  as  Brewer's 
4  Diet,  of  Phrase  and  Fable,'  but  cannot 
follow  it  further.  A.  G. 

[MR.  R.  Hoc;o  gave  the  names  of  the  supposed 
originals  at  7th  S.  v.  55,  but  his  identifications  were 
challenged  at  v.  113  by  ST.  OLAVE'S.] 

ANTHONY  BREWER.— I  hav.e  reason  to  be- 
lieve that  Anthony  Brewer  (author  of  '  The 
Lovesick  King,'  printed  in  1655,  but  probably 
written  about  1604)  was  a  Newcastle  man. 
Can  any  of  the  readers  of  *N.  &  Q.'  tell  me 
whether  this  surmise  is  right,  and  give  me 
particulars  about  Brewer?  Is  his  name  in 
any  of  the  parish  registers?  Is  there  any 
evidence  that  *  The  Lovesick  King  '  was  per- 
formed at  Newcastle-on-Tyne  ? 

A.  E.  H.  SWAEN. 

7,  Van  Eeghenstraat,  Amsterdam. 

VICTORIA.— Reflecting  on  the  use  all  over 
the  world  of  the  name  of  our  late  great 
Queen,  I  think  it  interesting  to  ask,  When 
was  that  name  first  used  for  a  woman  ?  I  do 
not  wish  to  encumber  *N.  &  Q.'  with  its 
recent  pedigree,  if  I  may  use  the  term,  but  I 
think  the  following  passage  is  of  interest, 
since  it  makes  out  the  first  as  well  as  the 
latest  famous  holder  of  the  name  to  be  a 
famous  queen.  It  is  an  account  of  one  among 
the  many  rivals  who  disputed  the  throne  of 
Gallienus  :— 

"After  the  murder  of  so  many  valiant  princes,  it  is 
somewhat  remarkable  that  a  female  for  a  long  time 
controlled  the  fierce  legions  of  Gaul,  and  still  more 
singular  that  she  was  the  mother  of  Victorinus. 
The  arts  and  treasures  of  Victoria  enabled  her  suc- 
cessfully to  place  Mariusand  Tetricus  on  the  throne, 
and  to  reign  with  a  manly  vigour  under  the  name  of 
these  dependent  emperors.  Money  of  copper,  of 
silver,  and  of  gold  was  coined  in  her  name  ;  she 
assumed  the  titles  of  Augusta  and  Mother  of  the 
Camps ;  her  power  ended  only  with  her  life ;  but 
her  life  was  perhaps  shortened  by  the  ingratitude  of 
Tetricus."  —  '  Roman  Empire,'  Gibbon,  chap.  xi. 
p.  301  (Bury's  edition). 

A  note  by  Prof.  Bury  adds  that  she  was 
called  Victoria  or  Victorina.  Can  one  men- 
tion an  earlier  Victoria  ?  HIPPOCLIDES. 

MODERN  ITALIAN  ARTISTS.— I  am  anxious 
to  have  a  few  biographical  particulars  of  the 
following  Italian  artists,  who  were  working 
circa  1870  :  D.  Biaccianelli,  Lucio  Rossi,  and 
Vincenzo  March!  I  do  not  find  mention 


of  them  in  any  of  the  usual  reference  books, 
English,  Italian,  or  French.      W.  ROBERTS. 
47,  Lansdowne  Gardens,  Clapham,  S.W. 

SAMUEL  POPE'S  MARBLED  PAPER.— Amongst 
the  advertisements  at  the  end  of  a  copy  of 
the  ninth  edition  of  'A  Companion  to  the 
Altar,'  published  by  Edmund  Parker,  at  the 
Bible  and  Crown,  Lombard  Street,  in  1724, 
is  the  following  :— 

"  Paper  marbled  by  Samuel  Pope  for  Merchants 
Notes,  or  Bills  of  Exchange  ;  to  prevent  Counter- 
feiting, or  any  of  the  Companies  Bonds,  are  now 
Marbled  by  him  to  perfection,  and  Cheaper  than 
formerly." 

A  patent  was  granted  on  20  May,  1731,  to 
Samuel  Pope,  citizen  and  draper  of  London, 
for  "A  new  art  of  marbling  paper  with  a 
margent,  entirely  new,  by  taking  off  the 
colours  fromjB,  body  of  water,  prepared  after 
a  particular  manner."  It  is  just  possible  that 
specimens  of  Pope's  process  of  marbling  paper 
"  with  a  margin "  may  have  been  preserved 
in  some  collection,  as  the  peculiarity  would 
at  once  strike  any  one  familiar  with  the 
ordinary  method  of  marbling  paper.  Can 
any  of  your  readers  assist?  Is  anything 
known  of  Samuel  Pope  ?  R.  B.  P. 

MOTOR  INDEX  MARKS.— 

"  Whene'er  I  take  my  walks  abroad," 

And  automobiles  see, 
Their  index  letters  surely  rouse 

My  curiositee. 

Is  there  any  clue  to  the  system  on  which 
these  distinguishing  signs  have  been  awarded? 
London  rightly  leads  off  with  a  solitary  A, 
and  1  and  S  seem  to  be  sacred  to  places  in 
Ireland  and  Scotland  respectively  (though 
I,  alone,  was  lately  still  unappropriated) ; 
but  why  should  Glasgow  be  the  only  town 
or  district  that  has  any  dealing  with  G? 
Why  should  Devonshire  be  T ;  Leeds,  U  ; 
Northumberland,  X ;  Somersetshire,  Y  ;  the 
North  Riding  of  Yorkshire,  A  J ;  the  East 
Riding,  B  T ;  the  West  Riding,  C ;  and 
York  itself,  D  N?  "That  way  madness 
lies."  I  have  studied  Throup's  waistcoat- 
pocket  book  of  '  Motox  Index  Marks  '  to  but 
little  purpose,  and  never  before  found  the 
alphabet  so  difficult  to  deal  with.  Can  any- 
body make  easy  the  hornbook  of  my  second 
childhood  ?  ST.  SWITHIN. 

PETTUS.— About  1638  Thomas  Pettus  settled 
in  Virginia,  arid  for  twenty  years,  during 
a  part  of  Berkeley's  administration,  was  a 
member  of  the  Colonial  Council,  an  office 
of  high  honour  and  great  responsibility.  He- 
is  said  to  have  accompanied  Sir  Thomas  Dale- 
from  England  to  the  Continent,  engaging  in 
the  Thirty  Years'  War,  and  to  have  been 


.  ii.  DEC.  10,  ion.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


469 


sent  by  Sir  Thomas  Dale  in  command  of  fif  t^ 
men   to  Virginia,  in   response   to  a  reques 
from  the  London  Company  that  assistance 
be  sent  the  colonists. 

I  wish  to  discover  the  parentage  of  thi 
Thomas  Pettus,  with  citation  of  authority 
for  information  offered  upon  this  subject 
Any  one  supplying  such  information  wil 
confer  a  great  favour  to  many  American 
descendants  of  the  said  Col.  Thomas  Pettus 
Please  reply  direct. 

(Prof.)  CHAELES  JONES  COLCOCK. 

Porter  Academy,  Charleston,  South  Carolina. 

KOYAL  HUNTING.— Is  there  any  work  which 
relates  the  hunting  adventures  of  the  kings 
and  queens  of  this  country  1  If  riot,  where 
should  I  find  the  best  particulars  on  the 
subject  ?  Is  the  statement  correct  that  Mary, 
Queen  of  Scots,  was  an  accomplished  horse- 
woman and  rode  to  hounds  1  P.  M. 

BEN  JONSON  AND  BACON.— It  is  frequently 
stated  that  about  1620-23  Ben  Jonson  was 
a  private  secretary  to  Bacon,  or  one  of  his 
"good  pens."  Is  there  any  authority  for 
this  1  I  cannot  find  it  under  Ben  Jonson  in 
'D.N.B.'  SEJANUS. 

Philadelphia. 

CROSS  IN  THE  GREEK  CHURCH.— Will  any 
of  the  readers  of  *  N.  &  Q.'  be  kind  enough  to 
explain  the  formation  of  the  cross  commonly 
used  in  the  Greek  Church,  having  near  the 
foot  a  cross  piece  slanting  from  right  to  left, 
and  a  similar  piece  near  the  top  1 

W.  W.  P. 

ROMAN  GUARDS  REMOVED  FROM  PALESTINE 
TO  LINCOLN.  —  I  have  been  told  that  the 
Roman  legion  stationed  at  Jerusalem  at  the 
time  of  our  Lord's  crucifixion  was  afterwards 
removed  to  Lincoln.  I  should  be  surprised 
if  evidence  could  be  produced  in  confirmation 
of  this  statement.  Can  any  one  tell  me  its 
origin?  EDWARD  PEACOCK. 

Wickentree  House,  Kirton-in-Lindsey. 

PHOENICIANS  AT  FALMOUTH.— In  the  first  of 
the  two  new  volumes  of  Sir  Mountstuart 
Grant  Duffs  'Notes  from  a  Diary,  1892-1895,' 
p.  48,  there  is  this  curious  note  under  date 
12  May,  1892  :— 

"At  the  Levee Mr.  Theodore  Bent  mentioned 

to  me  that  a  soapstpne  ingot-mould  which  he  had 
discovered  at  the  Zimbabwe  ruins  was  similar  in 
form  to  an  ingot  which  had  been  found  at  the  bottom 
of  Falmouth  harbour,  and  is  considered  to  have 
been  the  work  of  the  Phoenicians." 

Can  any  one  give  the  date  of,  or  any  other 
particulars  regarding,  the  alleged  Falmouth 
"find"?  G.  L.  APPERSON. 

Wimbledon. 


gtpftau 

DOG-NAMES. 
(10fch  S.  ii.  101,  150,  232.) 

IN  my  reply  at  p.  233  are  some  errors. 
Col.  1, 1.  9  from  foot,  for  "  lepedissimus  "  read 
lepidissimus ;  1.  3  from  foot,  for  "  podogra " 
read  podagra. 

In  "Anthologia  Poetica  Latina excerpta 

ex   Probatissimis  Recentioribus   Poetis,  par- 
timque  in  Linguam  Gallicam  con  versa.  Auc- 

tore  M.  Thevenot." Parisiis,  1811,  are  the 

following  in  Pars  Prima  : — 

Catellus  ad  heram,  causa  scabiei  rus  ablegatus. 
Seventy-six  lines  of  elegiac  verse.     The  last 
couplet  is:  — 

Quod  si  nulla  mese  tangit  te  cura  salutis, 
Plutonis  stygias  Pluto  redibo  domos.— P.  141. 

Plutonis  catelli  fatum  postremaque  verba. 
Eighty  elegiac  lines  (p.  151).    Towards  the 
end  of  this  lament  the  mangy  Pluto  says  (11.  69 
and  72)  :— 

Forte  mea  absumpto  restabit  corpore  pellis  ; 

Vestiat  et  niveas  pellis  amata  manus. 
Catelli  Polydori  rheda  contriti  epitaphium. 
Six  elegiac  lines. 
Vivens  semper  eris  domino,  insuper  inter  amicos, 

Omnis  amor,  custos,  6  Polydore,  mihi ! 
is  rendered  thus  in  the  French  version  :— 
Tu  vis,  mon  bon  Poly,  dans  le  cceur  de  ton  maitre 
Jamais  pour  tes  amis  tu  cesseras  d'etre. — P.  225. 

De  cane  indico  ad  Eleanorem,  Suecise  Reginam, 
misso. 

This  dog's  name  is  not  given. 

The  author  of  the  last  is  Heinsius.  The 
others  are  anonymous. 

In  'Anthologia  Oxoniensis,'  decerpsit 
Gulielmus  Linwood,  1846  (pp.  266-7,  Nos.  63- 
34),  are  :— 

Epitaphium  Canis.    Zephyrus.    In  Villa, 
and 

Aliud  Epitaphium.  Tippo.    In  Villa. 
Sixteen    and    twenty -six    elegiac  lines   re- 
pectively,  written  by  Lord  Grenville. 
Deep  Melompus,  and  cunning  Ichnobates, 
Nape,  and  Tigre,  and  Harpye  the  skyes 
Rent  wit  roaring, 
Whilst  huntsman-like  Hercules 
Winds  the  plentifull  home  to  their  cryes. 
Seventh   stanza    of    'The    Hunting    of    the 
ods/    See  '  Westminster  Drolleries,3  edited 
y    Ebsworth   (Boston,   Lincolnshire,    1875), 
iart  ii.   p.  67 ;    also  *  Bishop    Percy's   Folio 
lanuscript,'  edited  by  Hales  and  Furnivall 
London,  1868),  vol.  iii.  p.  308.     In  the  latter 
he  names  of    the  first    three    hounds    are 
Vlelampus,  Ignobytes,  and  Nappy. 

ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 


470 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  DEC.  10,  im. 


I  beg  leave  to  add  Montinorency  in  '  Three 
Men  in  a  Boat,'  by  Jerome. 

JAS.  CURTIS,  F.S.A. 

Froissart  tells  us,  in  one  of  his  pastorals, 
that  he  carried  with  him  as  a  present  to 
Gaston,  Count  de  Foix,  in  the  year  1388,  four 

Srey  hounds  whose  names  were  Tristan,  Hector, 
run,  and  Rollant,  according  to  a  foot-note  by 
M.  de  St.  Pelaye,  at  p.  xxi  of  the  preface  to 
Froissart's  *  Chronicles.'      JAMES  WATSON. 

In  this  list  the  name  of  Teufel  the 
Terrier  should  find  an  honoured  place.  He 
is  immortalized  in  the  pictures  of  the  late 
Mr.  J.  Yates  Carrington,  who  also  wrote  and 
published  an  account  of  his  life  and  adven- 
tures. Teufel  died  in  his  master's  arms,  and 
Mr.  Carrington  adorned  his  tomb  with 
flowers  and  an  epitaph. 

Many  dog  -  names  might  be  found  by 
searching  the  works  of  the  late  Major  Whyte 
Melville.  Looking  casually  through  his 
'Songs  and  Verses,'  I  find  the  following  :  — 

Bachelor  and  Benedict,  vide  '  The  King  of 
the  Kennel.' 

Chorister  and  Fanciful,  vide  'Tally-Ho  ! ' 

Finisher,  Foreman,  and  Nelson,  vide  *  Brow, 
Bay,  and  Tray.' 

Friendly,  Viceroy,  and  Ranger,  vide  *  A  Lay 
of  the  Ranston  Bloodhounds.' 

In  that  delightful  book  <  The  Friend  of 
Man,  and  his  Friends  the  Poets,'  by  the  late 
Miss  Frances  Power  Cobbe,  numerous  dog- 
names  will  also  be  found  recorded. 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

In  the  volume  devoted  to  'Hunting'  in  the 
Badminton  Library  (new  impression,  1901), 
Appendix  B,  will  be  found  a  list  of  upwards 
of  1,000  names  of  hounds  (dogs  and  bitches), 
ranging  from  Acheron  to  Zosimus  and  from 
Abigal  to  Zillah.  WM.  H.  PEET. 

Huz  and  Buz  are  mentioned  in  'Verdant 
Green.'  Spot  is  immortalized  by  Sheridan  : 

"  Out,  d d  Spot."    Of  the  death  of  a  dog 

of  an  older  generation  we  read  :  — 
I  had  rather  by  half 
It  had  been  Sir  Ralf. 

Punch's  Toby  is,  of  course,  a  reference    to 
Tobias.  W.  J.  L. 

My  Shetland  collie  answers  to  the  name 
of  Tiler.  Masonic  readers  will  recognize  its 
appropriateness. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Older  names  than  any  of  those  yet  given 
are  Akkulu,  "Devourer"  :  Iksuda,  " Taker"  ; 
Iltebu,  "Pursuer";  and  'Ukkumu,  "Seizer," 
the  names  of  the  four  divine  hounds  belong- 
ing to  Marduk,  the  Babylonian  sun  -  god 
(bayce,  *  Religion  of  the  Ancient  Babylonians,' 


p.  288).  With  these  we  may  compare  Atsu- 
su-namir  ("  His  rising  is  seen "),  the  dog  of 
the  Dawn  (G.  Smith,  *  Chaldean  Account 
of  Genesis,'  ed.  Sayce,  p.  250). 

The  Abbott  papyrus  (ab.  2900  B.C.)  men- 
tions that  the  Egyptian  king  Sana  Auaa  had 

his  dog  named  Behukaa "  between  his  feet 
(Petrie,  'History  of  Egypt,'  i.  134). 

Bran,  "Raven,"  in  the  Celtic  folk-tales,  the 
dog  which  belonged  to  Fingal,  should  not  be 
forgotten  ;  nor  yet  Mogh-eimh,  "slave  of  the 
half,"  the  name  given  to  the  first  lapdog 
brought  to  Erin.  See  Baring-Gould,  'Book 
of  the  West,  Devon,'  p.  7. 

Other  ancient  Egyptian  dog-names  will  be 
found  in  Budge,  '  History  of  Egypt,'  ii.  188-9  ; 
Lady  Amherst,  'Egyptian  History,'  37  and 
111.  A.  SMYTHE  PALMER. 

Fly. — Letter  of  Edwin  Palmer  to  his  sister 
Eleanor,  25  October,  1835 :  "  Since  we  had 
Fly  (the  dog  we  borrowed  to  run  with  mine) " 
(*  Memoirs,  Family  and  Personal,  of  Roundel), 
Earl  of  Selborne,'  i.  183). 

Othello. — A  headstone  at  Encombe,  Sand- 
gate,  to  a  dog:  "Othello  lies  here,  a  truly 
honest,  faithful,  and  attached  friend,  born 
1827  in  the  Himalayan  mountains,  died  1839." 

Quiz.  —  A  Skye  terrier,  also  buried  at 
Encombe,  Sandgate,  formerly  the  residence 
of  Mr.  H.  Dawkins.  R  J.  FYNMORE. 

A  stone  in  the  wall  of  the  old  garden  at 
Ury,  in  Kincardineshire,  bears  : — 

"  To  the  memory  of  Dan.  the  faithful  companion 
of  R.  Barclay  Allardice,  Esq.,  of  Ury,  for  sixteen 
years.  Died  5th  Feb.,  1846,  aged  17.  A  favourite 
dog." — Jer vise's  'Epitaphs  and  Inscriptions,' vol.  i. 
p.  84. 

The  dog  of  the  famous  amateur  pedestrian 
and  athlete  better  known  as  Capt.  Barclay, 
b.  1779,  d.  1854.  R.  BARCLAY- ALLARDICE. 

Let  me  add  a  few  more  from  works  of  fiction, 
for  the  list  would  almost  be  interminable  did 
it  embrace  the  names  of  dogs  from  packs  of 
hounds,  though  one  of  these  may  be  added 
from  Shakspeare  : — 

Bronte.  —  The  favourite  Newfoundland 
"dowg"  of  Christopher  North,  supposed 
to  have  been  poisoned  by  some  of  Dr.  Knox's 
students  at  Edinburgh  (see  '  Noctes  Ambro- 
sianse '). 

Hector.— Dog  of  the  Ettrick  Shepherd  (see 
'  Noctes  Ambrosianse'). 

Boatswain. — Lord  Byron's  favourite  dog, 
whose  tomb  may  yet  be  seen  at  Newstead 
Abbey. 

Wolf.  —  The  dog  who  rescues  Roland 
Graeme,  when  a  child,  from  drowning  (see 
'  The  Abbot '). 

Bawtie.  —  The  pedlar's  little  dog  in 
'  Waverley  '  (chap,  xxxvi.). 


s.  ii.  DEC.  10, 1904,]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


471 


Killbuck. — Hobble  Elliott's  deer-hound  who 
worries  to  death  one  of  Elshie's  goats  (see 
*  Black  Dwarf). 

Crab. — The  dog  of  Launce.  servant  to 
Proteus  in  'Two  Gentlemen  of  Verona/ 

'  Taming  of  the  Shrew,'  Induction,  sc.  i.  :— 

Lord.  Huntsman,  I  charge  thee,  tender  well  my 

hounds : 

Brach  Merriman — the  poor  cur  is  embossed  ; 
And  couple  Clowder  with  the  deep-mouthed  brach. 
Saw'st  thou  not,  boy,  how  Silver  made  it  good 
At  the  hedge  corner,  in  the  coldest  fault? 
I  would  not  lose  the  dog  for  twenty  pound. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

[We  cannot  insert  more  on  this  subject.] 

ANGLES  :  ENGLAND,  ORIGINAL  MEANING 
(10th  S.  ii.  407).— The  answer  to  the  questions 
as  to  whether  angle  is  allied  to  O.H.G.  angar, 
a  meadow,  or  to  the  G.  eng,  narrow,  should 
be  decisively  in  the  negative.  It  is  wholly 
innocent  of  any  relationship  to  them.  We 
do  not  derive  English  words  from  Old  High 
German,  but  from  an  old  language  called 
English.  The  recognition  of  this  simple 
truth  would  immediately  slay  hundreds  of 
bad  guesses.  It  has  always  been  a  singular 
craze  of  many  to  accept  German  words  as 
the  origin  of  native  ones.  We  seem  to  have, 
in  this  one  particular,  no  pride  in  our 
language.  It  may  be  that  some  of  us  wish 
to  avoid  the  study  of  it. 

Angle  is  not  derived  from  angar,  because 
that  will  not  account  for  the  L  It  is  not 
derived  from  eng,  because  that  will  not 
account  for  the  old  A.  Eng  is  mere  modern 
German,  and  Eng-land  is  mere  modern 
English,  and  no  scholar  would  start  from 
merely  modern  forms. 

May  I  suggest  that  there  seems  to  be  a 
misprint  in  the  editorial  note  ?  The  '  N.E.D.' 
does  not  refer  us  to  '  Angle2,'  but  to  '  Angle1 ' ; 
the  former  is  mere  French,  but  the  latter  is 
native. 

The  standard  passage  on  the  subject  is  in 
Beda,  'Hist.  Eccl.,'i.  15:  "Porrode^^hoc 
est,  de  ilia  patria  quse  Angulus  dicitur."  By 
Angulus  he  does  not  really  mean  the  Latin 
word,  but  the  cognate  English  one,  viz.  angul 
It  so  happens  that  the  words  are  allied,  and 
that  their  forms  are  similar.  Angul,  however, 
in  Teutonic,  has  usually  the  sense  of  "a  fish- 
hook," so  that  pur  E.  angle,  to  fish,  is  directly 
derived  from  it.  Its  earliest  sense  was  "a 
bend"  or  "a  crook,"  and  it  was  applied  to 
a  certain  piece  of  land  which  is  still  com- 
memorated by  the  name  of  Angeln.  in 

.ri  i  •  i  v   .    '  y 

bleswik. 

The  Norse  form  was  ongull,  which  Vigfusson 
derives  from  the  Lat.  angulus,  forgetting 
that  it  was  rather  cognate  than  borrowed. 


However,  his  account  is  helpful;  he  gives 
us — "  ongull,  an  angle,  hook;  also,  a  local 
name  in  North  Norway,  and  Angeln  in 
Sleswik,  whence  the  name  of  England  (Engle- 
land)  is  derived."  He  also  adds  the  form 
onguls-ey,  i.e.  Anglesey.  The  Greek  forms 
are  also  helpful.  Our  angle  is  allied  to  Greek 
ay/cuA.05,  bent ;  whereas  G.  eng  is  allied  to 
Greek  ayytw,  to  compress,  from  a  different 
root,  with  a  different  guttural. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

BACON  OR  USHER  ?  .(10th  S.  ii.  407.)— That 
the  great  Francis  Bacon  was  the  author  of 
the  well-known  lines  beginning 

The  world  's  a  bubble,  and  the  life  of  man 
Less  than  a  span, 

rests  on  evidence  too  strong  to  be  weakened 
in  any  degree  by  the  fact  that  a  certain  book 
by  H.  W.,  Gent.,  dated  1708,  attributes  them 
to  **  Bishop  Usher,  late  Lord  Primate  of 
Ireland."  MR.  DOBELL  says  that  H.  W. 
(Henry  Waring)  seems  "to  have  been  a 
sensible  and  well-informed  person."  That  may 
be  so,  but  I  doubt  very  much  that  he  was 
well  informed  either  about  the  authorship  of 
this  poem  or  the  proper  title  to  give  to  Lord 
Primates.  Thomas  Farnaby,  the  great  school- 
master, gave  this  poem  to  Bacon  in  1629,  and 
it  first  appeared  in  a  collection  of  epigrams 
and  translations  by  Farnaby,  and  was  the 
only  English  poem  in  the  whole  book,  so  it 
may  be  supposed  that  some  care  was  taken 
when  it  was  awarded  to  such  an  eminent 
man  as  the  late  Lord  Chancellor  without  a 
word  of  hesitation  or  doubt.  It  was  a  favourite 
poem  for  seventeenth-century  commonplace 
books,  and  in  MS.  copies  it  has  been  given  to 
Donne,  to  R.  W.,  to  "Henry  Harrington," 
and  possibly  to  others.  Such  MS.  evidence 
is  not  generally  very  trustworthy,  and  the 
printed  and  published  evidence  of  a  man  in 
the  position  of  Farnaby,  who  had  also  taken 
the  trouble  to  translate  it  into  Greek  metre, 
would  outweigh  all  the  contradictory  MS. 
evidence  extant. 

But  I  can  add  a  little  more  new  evidence 
gained  within  the  last  few  years.  There 
was  discovered  (c.  1899)  a  Carolinian  MS. 
note  -  book  containing  two  more  verses 
inserted  in  the  body  of  the  poem.  I  will 
give  the  first  new  verse,  as  it  is  a  rather 
singular  composition  :  — 

In  wedlock  each  releeves  and  jointly  beares 

Each  others  cares 
The  Virgins  like  an  epicene  Phoenix  showne 

Both  turnes  in  one 
The  children  are  their  own  heirs  sons  give  breath 

Even  after  death. 

The  maiden  then  and  marriage  state  descry 
A  single  payr  or  double  unity. 


472 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  11.  DEC.  10,  WML 


This  is  not  very  lucid,  neither  is  '  The  Phoenix 
and  the  Turtle,'  written  by  that  famous 
genius  William  Shake-speare,  with  the  hyphen, 
but  there  seems  a  kinship  between  the  above 
lines  and  the  mysterious  poem  of  1601,  espe- 
cially in  the  following  verse  : — 

So  they  lov'd,  as  love  in  twain 
Had  the  essence  but  in  one  ; 
Two  distincts,  division  none  ; 
Number  there  in  love  was  slain, 
which  may  point  to  the  same  author.  In 
that  case  I  hold  that  the  author  of  both 
hailed  from  Gray's  Inn,  and  not  from  Strat- 
ford-on-Avon.  Besides  this,  the  Stratford 
man  never  had  a  hyphen,  nor  yet  any  of  his 
relations.  But  it  seems  no  use  mentioning 
matters  of  this  kind  ;  let  us  pass  to  another 
piece  of  evidence  pointing  to  Bacon.  It  is 
Ben  Jonson  who  gives  this,  and  he  certainly 
knew  both  Bacon  and  Shaksper  the  actor 
well.  The  evidence  is  from  'The  Silent 
Woman,'  where  Sir  John  Daw,  who  does  not 
"profess"  to  be  a  poet,  is  induced  to  favour 
his  friends  on  the  stage  with  a  specimen  of 
his  "works,"  and  gives,  among  others,  the 
following  extracts  from  what  he  calls  his 
*  Madrigal  of  Modesty  '  :— 

Silence  in  woman  is  like  speech  in  man, 
Deny 't  who  can. 

No  noble  virtue  ever  was  alone 

But  two  in  one. 

Then  when  I  praise  sweet  modesty,  I  praise 

Bright  beauty's  rays. 

Now  Sir  John  Daw  has  been  proved,  with- 
out yet  any  contradiction,  to  be  intended  for 
Bacon,  and  if  that  really  be  so,  have  we  not 
Ben  Jonson  poking  fun  at  '  The  World  's  a 
Bubble,'  under  the  clear  impression  that  he 
is  parodying  Bacon  ?  otherwise  why  should 
Ben  choose  this  particular  and  rather  unusual 
metre  ?  I  notice  that  Mr.  Sidney  Lee,  in  his 
book  just  published  on  '  Great  Englishmen 
of  the  Sixteenth  Century,'  says  that  Farnaby 
ascribes  the  poem  to  Lord  Verulam  "  on  hazy 
grounds."  This  is  untrue  and  misleading, 
for  Farnaby  gives  no  grounds  at  all,  whether 
hazy"  or  not.  He  simply  states  the  fact 
sans  phrase.  NE  QUID  NIMIS. 

DANIEL  WEBSTER  (10th  S.  ii.  407).— This 
was,  I  believe,  first  said  by  Mr.  Fox  of  Lord 
Inurlow,  who  died  on  12  September,  1806 
Lord  Campbell,  in  his  >  Lives  of  the  Lord 
Chancellors,'  vol.  v.  p.  661,  says  :— 
i  "°'Keefe'  the  famous  farce  writer,  has  left  us  a 
little  portrait  of  him  shortly  before  he  was  removed 
trom  office,  at  a  moment  when  he  must  have  been 
suffering  from  bodily  pain :  *  I  saw  Lord  Thurlow 

I"  u°iurtu:  hf  waf?  !hin>  and  8eemed  not  well  in 
health  ;  he  leaned  forward  with  his  elbows  on  his 
knees  which  were  spread  wide,  and  his  hands 
clutched  in  each  other.  He  had  on  a  large  three- 
cocked  hat.  His  voice  was  good,  and  he  spoke  in 


the  usual  Judge  style,  easy  and  familiar.'  But, 
generally  speaking,  although  pretending  to  despise 
the  opinion  of  others,  he  was  acting  a  part,  and 
his  aspect  was  more  solemn  and  imposing  than 
almost  any  other  person's  in  public  life — which 
induced  Mr.  Fox  to  say,  '  it  proved  him  dishonest, 
since  no  man  could  be  so  wise  as  Thurlow  looked.1 " 

Daniel  Webster  died  in  1852. 

HARRY  B.  POLAND. 
Inner  Temple. 

My  father  used  to  say  that  when  he  was  a 
student  of  the  Middle  Temple  (circa  1838-41) 
he  had  often  heard  old  lawyers  allude  to  the 
saying,  "No  one  could  be  as  wise  as  Lord 
Thurlow  looked."  E.  E.  STREET. 

[T.  F.  D.  and  MR.  ALAN  STEWART  also  refer  to- 
Fox.] 

HIGH  PEAK  WORDS  (10th  S.  ii.  201,  282,  384). 
— The  interesting  list  of  words  given  by  MR. 
ADDY  is  a  striking  proof  of  the  truth  of  his 
remark  *'  that  we  are  far  from  knowing  the 
extant  vocabulary  of  our  English  dialects." 
The  late  Prof.  Max  Miiller  some  years  ago* 
put  forth,  and  reiterated  the  assertion,  that 
the  vocabulary  of  the  English  peasant  con- 
tained no  more  than  300  words.  From  so- 
high  an  authority  on  that  subject  there  was, 
of  course,  no  appeal,  and  the  dictum,  going 
the  round  of  the  press,  was  everywhere  ac- 
cepted as  gospel.  That  the  good  old  words 
used  in  common  conversation  are  being 
improved  away  by  the  grammar  teaching 
of  our  elementary  schools,  responsible  for  so- 
many  present  vulgarisms,  is  a  lamentable 
fact.  Yet  there  still  remain  thousands  of 
technical  names  and  trade  terms  which  not 
even  the  Board  School  roller  can  crush  out- 
If  the  he  or  she  teacher  ever  heard  them, 
they  would  be  as  Greek  to  either. 

Only  a  real  countryman,  born  and  bredr 
can  possibly  become  familiar  with  the  hun- 
dreds of  terms  still  in  use  in  the  various 
branches  of  husbandry  and  handicrafts  there- 
with connected.  They  cannot  be  found  in 
the  text-books,  therefore  are  not  English  f 
To  take  one  familiar  example,  would  not  the 
far-famed  Professor  have  been  surprised  to 
find  that  the  common  wagon  needed  between 
thirty  and  forty  distinct  substantives  to- 
describe  its  several  parts  1  Would  the  highest 
certificated  teacher  readily  define  in  that  con- 
nexion hound,  needle,  rave,  strake  ?  How,  again, 
would  he  technically  describe  that  extinct 
implement  known  in  literature  as  the  flail, 
but  known  to  the  countryman  as  the  drashle  f 
If  he  will  extend  his  researches  by  a  refer- 
ence to  the  '  Promptorium '  and  the  '  Cath. 
Angl.,'  s.v.  'Flayle,'  he  will  find  much  of 
interest,  and  that  surviving  words  have  had 
a  longish  innings. 


.  ii.  DEC.  10, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


473 


Facetious  writers  in  so-called  local  dialect 
are  of  all  the  most  untrustworthy  and  mis- 
chievous. Their  effusions  usually  proclaim 
their  ignorance :  they  are  quite  unconscious 
of  the  wide  difference  there  is  between 
literary  and  dialectal  English.  Barnes  him- 
self cannot  escape  ME.  ADDY'S  strictures,  for 
his  most  touching  verses  are  but  literary 
English  quaintly  spelt. 

Rural  people  are  not  yet  forgetting  all 
their  native  speech,  and  close  observers  off 
the  beaten  track  will  find  that  modern 
education  is  at  present  making  them  bilin- 
gual :  that  the  boys  and  girls  who  are  being 
taught  to  pronounce  correctly,  and  to  aspi- 
rate never  so  painfully,  have  quite  another 
kind  of  speech  of  their  own,  particularly  as 
to  grammar  and  syntax,  with  a  very  different 
vocabulary,  away  from  school. 

It  may  interest  MR.  BARCLAY-ALLARDICE 
to  know  that  the  rows  of  hay  he  describes  as 
called  ivinroivs  in  America  are  known  only 
by  that  name,  i.e.,  windrows,  pronounced 
ween-reivs,  in  Somerset  to-day. 

F.  T.  ELWORTHY. 

SHAKESPEARE'S  WIFE  (10th  S.  ii.  389,  428).— 
The  notion  that  the  names  of  Agnes  and 
Anne  were  not  likely  to  be  confused  could 
never  have  arisen,  if  the  inquirer  had  only 
tried  to  realize  how  Agnes  was  formerly 
pronounced.  Our  modern  pronunciation  is 
due  to  the  revival  of  Greek,  but  in  olden 
times  the  gn  had  in  French  the  sound  of  gn 
in  mignonette ;  and,  in  fact,  the  French 
mignon  is  written  minion  (pronounced  as 
mini/on)  in  English.  But  the  English  disliked 
the  gn,  and  usually  turned  it  into  simple  n, 
as  in  consign,  malign,  designer.  Similarly 
Agnes  (properly  pronounced  Anyes)  was 
turned  into  Aneys  or  Anys,  both  of  which 
are  common. 

The  fact  is  not  recondite ;  I  found  an 
example  in  a  few  minutes.  In  '  Fifty  Earliest 
English  Wills,'  ed.  Furnivall  (E.E.T.S.),  p.  92, 
a  man  appoints  his  "  wyiff  Anneys  "  as  his 
executor ;  and  on  p.  93  we  read  *'  commissa- 
que  fuit  administratio  Agneti,  relicte 
eiusdern."  The  date  is  1432-3. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

The  quotation  from  the  late  Mr.  Elton's 
book  on  Shakespeare  is  delightfully  incon- 
clusive. After  proving  that  Anne  and  Agnes 
were,  in  quite  early  times,  so  commonly 
interchanged  that  it  became  necessary  to 
guard  against  any  miscarriage  of  justice 
likely  to  arise  from  the  confusion  between 
them,  the  author  goes  on  :  *'  The  suggestion 
may  therefore  be  dismissed,  that  the  poet 
married,  under  the  name  of  Anne,  an  Agnes 


Hathaway."  His  evidence  points  rather  to- 
the  opposite  conclusion.  The  next  sentence 
quoted  is  even  more  curious,  and  amounts  to 
this:  ''If  there  were  no  evidence  of  Shake- 
speare's wife  being  a  Hathaway,  then  would 
it  be  somewhat  difficult  to  prove  it.:'  O 
learned  judge !  Lastly,  Mr.  Elton  says : 
"  There  is,  we  may  say,  no  reasonable  doubt 
that  Anne  belonged  to  a  Gloucestershire 
family."  This  is  a  mere  ipse  dixit,  and  flatly 
contradicted  by  Mrs.  C.  C.  Stopes,  who,  in 
her  'Shakespeare's  Family,'  p.  87,  says  :  "  The- 
Hathaways  from  whom  Anne  Shakespeare- 
descended  have  not  been  proved  to  be  of  the 
Gloucestershire  stock."  REGINALD  HAINES. 
Uppingham. 

STEP-BROTHER  (10th  S.  i.  329,  395,  475  ;  iL 
38).— MR.  T.  WILSON  asks  at  the  second 
reference,  How  came  the  word  beau  to  be- 
used  in  the  sense  of  step-brother  and  brother- 
in-law  1  Biaus,  belle,  are  adjectives  of  en- 
dearment of  the  most  general  use  in  Old 
French  when  some  one  addresses  a  person, 
whether  relative,  friend,  or  stranger,  to  whom 
he  or  she  wants  to  show  affection,  the  terms 
thus  being  an  equivalent  of  the  modern  cher, 
chere  : — 

"  Je  morrai  ja,"  dist  la  pucelle, 

"  Se  plus  me  dites  tel  noyele, 

Biaus  pere,  que  je  vous  oi  dire." 
'  La  Chastelaine  de  Saint  Gille,'  11.  10-12. 

Ele  respond! :  "  Biaus  douz  sire, 

Je  n'oae  mon  pere  desdire." 

Ibid.,  122-3. 

Se  Ii  a  dit :  "Biaus  tres  douz  frere, 

Quel  besoing  vous  ameua  ca?" 

*  Du  Chevalier  au  Barisel,'  11.  708-10. 

"Frere,"  fet  il,  "  biaus  douz  amis." 

Ibid.,  881. 

The  reason  that  the  word  has  been  re- 
stricted to  connexions  may  lie  in  the  wish 
to  meet  the  newly  won  relations  with  special 
heartiness,  and  so  to  remove  that  natural 
feeling  of  uneasiness  prevailing  between  in- 
dividuals till  then  unknown  to  one  another, 
and  suddenly  thrown  together  by  circum- 
stances. But  this  psychological  process 
deserves  a  study  by  itself. 

In  Wolfram  von  Eschenbach's  great  epic 
poem  'Parzival'  the  young  hero,  who  has 
been  brought  up  by  his  mother  intentionally 
in  utter  ignorance  of  knighthood,  breaks 
away  from  home  as  soon  as  he  has  met  with 
knights.  He  does  not  even  know  his  name* 
and  when  asked  for  it  by  Sigune,  a  lady 
whom  he  encounters  on  his  first  ride,  gives 
as  such  the  endearing  appellation  by  which 
his  mother  used  to  call  him  :  "  Bon  fils,  cher 
fils,  beau  fils."  This  is  at  the  same  time  an 
interesting  proof  of  how  widely  spread  the 
knowledge  of  French  must  have  been  in 


474 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       no*  s.  n.  DEC.  10, 


'German  high  society  of  the  thirteenth  cen- 
tury (the  poem  was  written  between  1200 
and  1207).  G.  KRUEGER. 

Berlin. 

ANTIQUARY  v.  ANTIQUARIAN  (10th  S.  i.  325, 
396;  ii.  174,  237,  396).  — Your  valued  corre- 
spondent W.  0.  B.  asserts  that  if  "antiquary" 
had  not  been  in  existence,  "antiquarian" 
would  have  been  used  without  question. 
Very  possibly  it  would,  but  the  fact  remains 
that  "antiquary"  is  in  existence,  and  my 
contention  is  that  if  we  have  a  substantive 
to  express  a  personal  idea,  why  should  we 
employ  an  adjective  which  has  a  distinct 
meaning  of  its  own  ?  "  Antiquary  "  is  a  good 
old  Elizabethan  word,  and  it  has  a  recognized 
status  through  giving  a  title  to  two  works  in 
English  literature  —  Shackerley  Marmion's 
comedy  and  Scott's  novel.  Johnson  is  reported 
by  Boswell  to  have  used  "antiquarian" 
conversationally,  but  I  do  not  think  it  will 
be  found  in  his  writings.  It  is  composed  of 
five  syllables  instead  of  four,  it  possesses  the 
advantage  of  sonority,  and  this  probably 
accounted  for  the  Doctor's  preference. 
"Sectary"  and  "sectarian"  are  exact 
analogues  to  "antiquary"  and  "antiquarian." 
I  can  scarcely  believe  that  "sectary"  has 
been  ousted  by  its  adjective.  "  Centenary," 
which  also  dates  from  Elizabethan  times, 
has  a  recognized  meaning  of  its  own ; 
"centenarian"  is  an  invention  of  the  nine- 
teenth century,  and  "centenary'3  not  being 
available,  its  use,  if  not  classical,  is  justifiable. 
It  may  be  pointed  out  that  both  "antiquary" 
and  "centenary"  were  occasionally  used  as 
adjectives.  W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

Surely  it  is  just  a  matter  of  usage.  We 
have  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  (Lond.  and 
-Scot.)  and  Sir  Walter's  'The  Antiquary.' 
The  term  "antiquarian"  is  often  preferred 
by  "antiquariasters,"  among  whom  I  cer- 
tainly do  riot  include  W.  C.  B.  J.  T.  F 

Durham. 

COSAS  BE  ESPANA  (10th  S.  i.  247,  332,  458).— 
Dans  un  petit  livre  public  a  Madrid  en  1730, 
par  Fray  Martin  Sarmiento,  je  trouve  ce  qui 
suit  :— 

"  Paulo  Lucas  en  sus  viajes  a  Egipto,  dice  que  los 

•cristianos  coptos  tienen    la  costumbre  siguieute  • 

Cuando  el  sacerdote  copto  ha  de  decir  la  misa,  se 

le  pone  enfrente  una  luz  encendida  entre  dos  huevos 

le  avestruz  colgados,  para  que  tenga  atencion  a  lo 

que  hace.    Fundase  esto  en  la  creencia  en  que  estan 

e  que  las  avestruces  no  incuban  los  huebos  poni- 

•endose  encirna  de  ellos,  sino  solamente  mirandolos 

<C°ia™M  b    atencwn'  alternando  en  esto  el  macho 

"  Acaso  aludira  a  esto  la  costumbre  en  Espana  de 
colgar  en  los  altares  uno  6  dos  huevos  de  avestruz 


de  marfil  v  los  dos  que  cuelgan  del  Santo  Cristo  de 
Burgos.  En  Pontevedra  hay  uno  sobre  la  cabeza 
de  Nuestra  Seiiora  de  la  0,  en  San  Bartolome. 

"Los  mahometanos  ponen  tambien  huebos  de 
avestruz  sobre  las  lamparas  de  sus  mezquitas." 

Probablement  je  trouverai  entre  mes  notes 
quelque  chose  de  plus  sur  cette  question. 

Si  MR   ST.  SWITHIN  desire  des  reriseigne- 

ments  plus  complets,  je  serais  tres-heureux 

d'entrer  en  corresppndance  particuliere  avec 

lui,  et  1'invite  a  s'adresser  directement  a  moi. 

FLORENCIO  DE  UHAGON. 

46,  Gran  Via,  Bilbao,  Plspagne. 

WITHAM  (10th  S.  ii.  289,  333).— In  reply  to 
PROF.  SKEAT'S  request  for  information  to 
enable  him  to  come  to  some  conclusion  about 
the  derivation  of  the  place-name  Witham,  I 
would  state  that  the  parish  of  that  name  in 
Somerset  is,  in  my  experience,  always  pro- 
nounced Wit'am.  As  for  early  spellings  of 
the  name,  it  is  Witeham  in  Domesday  Book 
(both  the  Exchequer  and  Exeter  versions), 
and  Witteham  in  the  foundation  charter  of 
the  Carthusian  Monastery  established  by 
Henry  II.  (see  the  copy  of  the  charter  in 
Miss  Thompson's  '  Somerset  Carthusians '). 

With  respect  to  MR.  UNDERDOWN'S  query  at 
the  first  reference,  I  may  say  that  the  Frome 
is  the  stream  that  flows  through  Witham  ; 
that  instead  of  the  parish  separating  the 
King's  forest  of  Selwood  from  any  one  else's 
land,  it  was  apparently  in  the  centre  of  the 
forest;  and  that  the  Domesday  records  afford 
no  evidence  of  the  two  Somerset  estates 
named  Witham  having  been  forfeited  to  the 
king,  except  in  the  same  way  that  most  other 
manors  had.  J.  COLES,  Jun. 

Frome. 

Witham  is  a  small  market-town  in  Essex, 
about  forty  miles  from  London,  and  stupid 
people  are  told  to  go  to  Wit'ham  ;  in  fact,  I 
doubt  whether  the  aborigines  would  know  it 
by  any  other  name  than  Wit'ham. 

'The  name  of  the  river  at  Boston  in 
Lincolnshire  is  always  called  the  With'am,  and 
so  is  the  surname  in  Yorkshire.  Lartington 
Hall,  near  Barnard  Castle,  was  the  seat  of 
the  Rev.  Thomas  With'am,  a  priest  of  the 
Latin  Church,  who,  owing  to  the  death  of 
lis  elder  brothers,  had  succeeded  to  the 
'amily  property,  and  died  recently  at  a  very 
advanced  age. 

It  is  evident  from  this  that  the  name 
s  pronounced  differently  in  different  parts 
of  England.  JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

EPITAPHIANA  (10th  S.  ii.  322,  396).  —  I 
appreciate  MR.  J.  T.  PAGE'S  well-intentioned 
remarks  as  to  giving  full  particulars  of 


io*s.  ii.  DEC.  io,  wo*.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


476 


inscriptions,    &c.,    but    I    confess    to    som 
•disinclination  to  publish  abroad  the  name 
in  instances  where  *tfe  effect  is  to  excite  £ 
feeling  of  amusement  rather  than  of  venera 
tion,   and  especially   where    the  date   is   a 
least    comparatively    recent.     It   is    seldom 
that  much  time  need  be  lost  in  searching  fo 
•a  particular  gravestone,  and  I  intended  "at 
to    convey  a  different    meaning  from   "in 
when  used  with  the  name  of  a  church. 

W.  B.  H. 

The  proper  name  of  the  lady  referred  tc 
«,t  p.  322  by  MR.  FRANCIS  KING  was  Mari 
Statira    Elizabeth    Farquharson    Johnstone 
Kettelby,  only  daughter  and  heiress  of  Abe 
Johnstone     Kettelby     by     Margaret,     only 
daughter  of  John  Farquharson,  physician  t< 
the  King  of  Denmark.  She  was  born  25  April 
1747  ;    married   30   December,    1766,   in    th( 
Abbey   Church,   Bath,   to   Thomas  Rundell 
•of  Bath  ;   and   died   at   Lausanne,  Switzer- 
land,   16    December,   1829.     I    believe    she 
retained   her   father's    surname,   taking    her 
husband's  in  addition  to  it,  and  so   became 
Maria  Statira  Elizabeth  Farquharson  John 
stone  Kettelby  Rundell.         A.  R.  MALDEN. 

Archdeacon's  gravestone  stands  about  a 
yard  from  the  north-west  corner  of  the 
church  tower  of  All  Saints',  Hastings. 

W.  S. 

^  BATTLE  OF  BEDR  (10th  S.  ii.409).— Any  one  who 
judges  the  reliability  of  a  date  by  the  number 
of  concurring  authorities  will  readily  accept 
623  as  the  date  of  the  battle  of  Bedr,  where 
Mohammedanism  could  so  easily  have  been 
extinguished.  But  though  Gibbon  displayed 
his  customary  sagacity  in  not  detailing  "the 
day  on  which  the  event  occurred,  his  date, 
623,  is  not  corroborated  by  all  authorities. 
Tims,  624  is  mentioned  in  Oman's  'Europe' 
(1893) ;  and  the  same  year  is  inferentially 
allotted  to  the  fight  in  Oilman's  '  Saracens ' 
{1889),  though  it  is  true  that  623  appears  in 
anappended  chronological  table.  As,  however, 
he  exact  day  is  asked  for,  it  is  satisfactory  to 
find  Prof.  Wellhausen  giving  a  precise  date 
in  the  'Ency.  Brit' (xvi.  555),  viz.  "Friday, 
the  17th  Ramadan,"  this  month  being  the 
"  Ramadan,  A.H.  2  (December  623)"— authority 
not  specified.  Elsewhere,  too,  December,  623, 
is  also  given  in  this  connexion.  Now  as 

1  Ramadan  is  the  253rd  day  of  the  ordinary 
Mohammedan  year  of  354  days,  it  seems  a 
•simple  operation  to  convert  the  date  to  our 
reckoning. 

But,  alas  !  doctors  differ  on  the  cardinal 
point  by  which  this  conversion  is  to  be 
•effected.  Gibbon  and  many  others  agree 
in  saying  that  the  first  day  of  the  Moham- 


medan era  was  probably  Friday,  16  July,  622  ; 
yet  it  appears  that  Prof.  Wellhausen  chose 
to  equate  the  first  month  of  that  era  with 
April,  622.  As  the  calendarial  Hejira  is 
generally  understood  not  to  synchronize  with 
the  actual  flight  of  the  prophet,  it  is  not  of 
much  importance  whether  his  adherents 
began  emigrating  from  Mecca  on  19  April,  or 
whether  Mohammed  himself  left  the  city  on 
20  June,  15  July,  13  September,  19  September, 
or  on  some  other  date,  provided  that  the 
first  day  of  the  era  is  definitely  settled.  But, 
on  consulting  Conde's  *  Arabs  in  Spain,' 
Gilman's  'Saracens,'  and  other  works,  one 
can  without  difficulty  collect  a  variety  of 
dates— 20  June,  7  July,  15  July,  13  September, 
22  September,  &c. — each  presumably  having 
some  right  to  be  considered  the  exact  day  on 
which  the  Mohammedan  era  began.  Life, 
however,  being  short,  and  incontestable  dates 
elusive,  it  may  be  permissible  to  calculate 
17  Ramadan,  A.H.  2,  on  the  assumption  that 

16  July,  622,  represents  1  Muharram,  A.H.  1. 
By   this   reckoning  there  would  seem  some 
probability  that  the  battle  of  Bedr  took  place 
on  Tuesday,  13  March,  624,  O.S.     But  there 
is  evidently  quite  a  nice  assortment  of  dates 
which  would  do  equally  well.     J.  DORMER. 

Arab     historians     seem     agreed     as     to 

17  Ramadan.      The    year    is,   perhaps,   less 
certain.     Prof.  Bury  C  Gibbon,'  v.  362)  gives 
A.D.  623  ;  other  moderns  prefer  A.D.  624.     In 
the  former  case,   the  date   will  answer    to 
Good   Friday,  25   March;   in   the  latter,  to 
Tuesday,  13  March.     In  Smith   and  Wace's 
'  Diet.  Christian  Biog.'  (iii.  968 A)  the  late  G.  P. 
Badger  says  "  17th  Ram.  (13  Jan.,  624),"  which 
is  badly  awry  as  an  equation.  If  Mas  Latrie's 
table  is  trustworthy,  it  was  not  till  A.D.  890 
that  17  Ram.  coincided  with  13  Jan. 

C.  S.  WARD. 
Wootton  8t.  Lawrence,  Basingstoke. 

Humphrey  Prideaux,  in  his  life  of  Mahomet, 
pp.  94  and  95,  third  edition,  corrected,  gives 
the  date  in  the  margin  as  Heg.  2,  July  5, 
A.D.  623.  He  also  gives  marginal  references  : 
Elmacin,  lib.  i.  C.  i. ;  Abul  Faraghius,  p.  102  ; 
Alcoran,  c.  3,  &  (Jommentatores  in  illud 
:aput.  HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 

There  are  two  different  traditions  about 
uhe  date  of  the  day  on  which  the  battle  of 

3edr  was  fought.  Some  assert  that  it  took 
place  on  Friday,  the  17th  of  Ramadhan  ; 

)thers  on  Friday,  the  19th  of  Ramadhan  (i.e. 

6  March,  624  of  our  era).    Of.  A.  Sprenger's 

Leben  und  Lehre  des  Mohammad,'  vol.  iii. 
p.  108  (Berlin,  1865),  where  the  name  of  the 
Battle-place  is  spelt  Badr  instead  of  Bedr 


476 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io«-  s.  n.  DEC.  10,  im 


(in  analogy  to  Sprenger's  Arabic  spelling  of 
Makka  instead  of  Mekka  or  Mecca).    H.  K. 

The  date  was  13  Jan.,  624. 

REGINALD  HAINES. 
Uppingham. 

PARISH  DOCUMENTS  :  THEIR  PRESERVATION 
(10th  S.  ii.  267,  330,  414).— I  do  not  think  that 
there  is  any  reason  for  the  slightest  alarm  with 
reference  to  the  care  of  parish  registers.  The 
clergy  are,  as  a  rule,  fully  alive  to  the  great 
historic  worth  of  the  documents  in  their 
charge.  Moreover,  numbers  of  them  are 
deeply  interested  in  historical  research,  and 
I  may  add  that,  so  far  as  my  experience  is 
concerned,  I  have  found  the  registers,  papers, 
&c.,  not  only  well  cared  for,  but  the  older 
volumes  rebound  and  repaired. 

(Rev.)  B.  W.  BLIN-STOYLE. 

Referring  to  the  last  paragraph  of  MR. 
J.  T.  PAGE'S  remarks  on  p.  415,  I  may  say 
that  the  Committee  on  Local  Records  ap- 
pointed by  the  Treasury  issued  its  Report 
in  1902  (Blue-book  Cd.  No.  1333  and  1335,  to 
be  obtained  from  Eyre  &  Spottiswpode,  price 
3s.  2<#.),  and  most  instructive  and  interesting 
reading  it  is.  Of  course  the  Committee 
could  only  recommend,  not  enforce,  its  pro- 
posals. What  is  required  now  is  authority 
from  Parliament  to  spend  the  money  neces- 
sary to  carry  out  the  scheme,  and  to  do  this 
those  members  of  Parliament  who  take  an 
interest  in  the  matter  should  be  approached 
to  urge  Government  to  bring  in  and  pass  a 
Bill  (several  drafts  of  which  have  been  made) 
on  the  lines  suggested  by  the  Committee. 

As  regards  parish  registers,  a  moderate 
sum  of  money  expended  yearly  on  the  tran- 
scription and  printing  of  them  would  in  a 
comparatively  short  time  put  beyond  the 
reach  of  fire,  damp,  and  other  destructive 
causes  the  contents  of  these  records  of  the 
past. 

Private  enterprise  and  the  formation  of 
county  parish  register  societies  are  doing  the 
work,  but  very,  very  slowly,  and  it  ought  to 
be  supplemented  by  grants  of  money  from 
the  Treasury  to  hasten  it  on. 

E.  A.  FRY, 

Hon.  Sec.  of  the  Parish  Register  Society, 
Birmingham. 

On  p.  47  of  the  Local  Records  Committee 
Report  are  the  "recommendations."  Some 
are  most  useful  and  suggestive,  but  no 
attempt  was  made  to  promote  legislation 
of  a  compulsory  character.  Various  county 
bodies  have  acted  on  the  proposed  lines  as 
to  various  classes  of  documents,  but,  so  far, 
parish  registers  are  unaffected.  "Appen- 


dices," published  at  the  same  time  as  the 
Report,  contain  many  suggestions.  Those 
adopted  at  the  Congress  of  Archaeological 
Societies  to  which  MR.  PAGE  refers  (p.  415) 
appear  on  p.  240.  No  practical  scheme  for 
dealing  with  parish  registers  has  yet  ap- 
peared. I.  C.  GOULD. 

Every  series  of  'N.  &  Q.'  excepting  the 
Fourth  has  contained  suggestions  on  this 
subject ;  but  it  may  interest  your  readers  to 
know  that  the  Home  Counties  Magazine  for 
October  supplies  a  list  of  the  parishes  in  the 
'Jity  of  London,  with  the  dates  of  their 
•egisters,  now  deposited  in  the  Guildhall 
Library,  where  they  may  be  consulted  free 
of  charge.  EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

'RELIQULE  WOTTONIAN.E'  (10th  S.  ii.  326,  371). 
— 1.  I  should  read  Fuhrleut  in  both  cases, 
meaning  "carriers." 

3.  A  friend,  an  Orientalist,  assures  me  that 
the  phrase  cannot  be  Hebrew.  It  is  probably 
corrupt  Italian  or  Latin.  The  required  mean- 
ing seems  to  be  "in  the  time  of  the  martyrs." 
L.  R.  M.  STRACHAN. 

Heidelberg,  Germany. 

QUOTATIONS  (9th  S.  xii.  468  ;  10th  S.  i.  56).— 
"Multis  annis  jam  peractis,"  &c.,  is  quoted 
by  Dr.  Laurence  Humphrey  in  a  congratu- 
latory address  to  Queen  Elizabeth  at  Wood- 
stock in  1575  (Nichols's  'Progresses,'  &c.,  L 
593).  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

ANAHUAC  (10th  S.  i.  507;  ii.  196,  258,  317).— 
Would  be  pronounced  nearly  like  anaivack, 
only  that  the  w  is  rendered  like  two  oo's.  The 
three  syllables  are  equal  in  length,  and  there 
is  no  aspirate.  E.  A.  FRY. 

CRICKLEWOOD  (10th  S.  ii.  408).— If  MR' 
HITCHIN-KEMP  will  refer  to  Mr.  Trice  Martin's 
1  Catalogue  of  the  Archives  in  the  Muniment 
Room  of  All  Souls'  College'  (1877),  he  will 
find  various  references  to  Cricklewood.  For 
example,  on  pp.  280-1  are  entries  relating  tc 
sales  of  wood  and  underwood  there.  Or 
26  October,  1525,  wood  "  at  Crekyll  Woddes,' 
Middlesex,  was  sold  to  William  Eade,  and  or 
8  December,  1553,  wood  "  at  Crekle  Woods ' 
was  sold  to  William  Sheppard.  Q.  V. 

BANANAS  (10th  S.  ii.  409).— The  outwarc 
difference  between  a  Canary  and  a  Wesl 
Indian  banana  can  only  be  detected  by  ex 
perts,  but  there  is  an  unmistakable  varianc< 
in  the  flavour. 

The  points  which  distinguish  the  two  fruit* 
are  these :  The  Canary  is  a  smaller  growth,  th< 
peel  of  finer  and  thinner  texture,  more  delicate 
aroma,  and  of  a  sweet  buttery  flavour.  Th( 


s.  ii.  DEC.  10, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


477 


West  Indian,  particularly  the  Jamaican,  is 
frequently  double  the  weight  and  size  of  the 
foregoing,  not  so  sweet,  and  vegetable  rather 
than  buttery  to  the  palate.  Americans  prefer 
the  West  Indian  variety  to  the  exclusion  of 
all  others. 

The  Canary  species  demands  very  careful 
packing  in  straw  and  leaves,  whilst  the  West 
Indian  bunches  are  dispatched  with  the  most 
elementary  covering  on  their  long  sea  voyage. 
Both  varieties  reach  England  in  a  green  state 
and  are  hung  in  a  warm  room  or  warehouse 
to  ripen  gradually.  The  difference  in  quality 
is  said  to  be  due  to  the  superior  soil  and 
method  of  cultivation  in  the  Canary  Isles. 
In  a  good  ripe  banana  the  slender  string  of 
pulp  running  up  the  centre  is  as  edible  as  the 
rest.  WILLIAM  JAGGARD. 

139,  Canning  Street,  Liverpool. 

TITHING  BARN  (10th  S.  ii.  368).  —  Some 
twenty  years  ago  there  was,  and  I  presume 
that  there  now  is,  in  Liverpool  a  street  called 
Tithe  Barn  Street.  It  was  close  to  the  Ex- 
change. Perhaps  local  inquiries  may  give 
your  querist  the  desired  information. 

JAMES  CURTIS,  F.S.A. 

Would  not  the  desired  description  of  a  tith 
ing-barn  scene  have  to  be  sought  before  the 
passing  of  the  Tithe  Commutation  Act  (6  <fe  7 
William   IV.,    c.  71,  13  August,  1836),  when 
tithes  became  payable  in  money  instead  of  in 

kind?  J.    HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

For  the  various  tithe  barns  still  in  exist 
ence  in  England,  with  other  details  concern 
ing  their  structure  and  dates  of  erection,  see 
3rd  S.  vii. ;  8th  S.  ii.,  iii.  ;  9th  S.  vi. 

EVERARD   HOME   COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

ISABELLINE    AS    A    COLOUR    (10th  S.    i.    487 

ai.  75,  253,  375). — I  feel  fortunate  in  having 
anticipated  in  my  second  note  most  of  PROF 
SKEAT'S  criticisms,  and  regret  that  my  firs 
was  apparently  not  clearly  worded,  as  I  cer 
tainly  did  not  mean  to  say  /  was  a  Frencl 
prefix. 

The  etymology  of  Isabelline  and  Isabella 
-of  course"  hangs  together  ;  and  as  one  wouk 
not  expect  philological  accuracy  in  a  mercer' 
catalogue  of  the  sixteenth  century,  it  maj 
'be  possible,  to  judge  from  zebelah,  that  th 
christener  of  "  Isabella  colour  "  took  zibellint 
&c.,  for  diminutives.  Retz's  definition  o 
•isabelle  as  venire  de  biche  is  curious.  I  ma; 
point  out  that  the  Archduchess  Clar 
Isabella  and  her  husband  the  Cardinal  Arch 
duke  Albert  succeeded  to  the  Netherlands  i 
September,  1598,  so  that  before  July,  160( 
•there  would  have  been  ample  time  for  som 


nterprising  dressmaker  to  have  baptized 
tie  new  shade—  if  it  was  then  new  —  after  her. 
Solferino,"  "  Magenta,"  "  LesYeux  d'Eugenie," 
ccur  to  one  as  similar  instances,  as  do 
Steenkirk,"  "Nivernois,"  "  Blucher,"  "  Wel- 
ington,"  as  names  of  articles  of  dress. 

H.  2. 

The  following  quotation  from  Part  II.  of 
The  Complete  Angler,'  written  by  Charles 
Jotton,  will  show  that  the  term  had  passed 
nto  the  language  temp.  Charles  II.  :— 

"4.  There  is  also  for  this  month  [March]  a  fly 
ailed  the  Thorn-  Tree,  Fly,  the  dubbing  an  absolute 
(lack  mixed  with  eight  or  ten  hairs  of  Isabella- 
coloured  Mohair." 

A  note  upon  it  says,  "A  species  of  whitish 
yellow,  or  buff  colour  somewhat  soiled.  ;' 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 
Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED  (10th  S. 
ii.  130).  —  The  ultimate  source  of  the  maxim 
referred  to  in  No.  7  ("  I  have  this  day  prac- 
tised the  rule  of  life,  Diffidere")  would  seem 
to  be  Epicharmus's  well-known  line  — 
Na</>€  Kal  /x€/xi/ao~'  b.Tri(TTtiv'  apOpa  ravra  rav 


[255  in   Mullach's  edition,  'Fragmenta  Phi-       ; 
losophorum  Grsecorum,'  vol.  i.  p.  144).  • 

Compare  also  Demosthenes,  second  '  Phi- 
lippic,' §  24,  "Ei/  ok   TI   KOIVOV  ......  TI    ovv  eo~rt 

TOUTO  ;  dTrto-Tta.  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

The  University,  Adelaide,  South  Australia. 

JOANNES  v.  JOHANNES  (1.0th  S.  ii.  189,  274, 
355).—  It  may  be  interesting  to  note  that 
the  two  spellings  may  be  often  found  in 
one  book.  For  example  I  cite  "Johannis 
Secundi  Opera.  Accurate  recognita  ex 
museo  P.  Scriverii.  Lugduni  Batavorurn," 
1631.  Although  the  h  appears  in  the  name 
on  the  engraved  title-page,  Joannes  is  the 
name  in  the  minor  title-pages—  e.g.,  "  Joannis 
Secundi  Basia,"  as  also  in  the  page-headings 
and  the  epitaphs  (pp.  365-6),  as  well  as  in 
the  epigram  under  the  portrait.  In  the  pre- 
fatory matter  the  writings  are  called  in 
several  places  the  "  opera  "  or  "  poemata  Jani 
Secundi,"  while  one  of  the  "  Testimonia  "  is 
headed  "In  laudem  Jo.  Secundi  Hagensis, 
Poetse  conterrauei,  Janus  Dousa."  Examples 
of  the  name  with  and  without  the  h  occur  in 
the  '  Itinerum  Delicise  '  of  Nathan  Chy  trseus, 
second  edition,  1599—  e.g.,  Joannis  Alefeldii, 
p.  90,  and  Johannis  Cratonis,  p.  324.  In 
4  Gemma  Fabri  '  (Ambergae.  1603)  St.  John 
is  called  Johannes  (there  is  one  abbreviation 
of  the  name,  which  is  Joan.).  Here  is  the 
title  of  another  book  :  '  Johannis  Rosini 
Antiquitatum  Romanarum  Corpus,'  Amstelge- 
dami,  1743.  Although  the  h  appears  in  the 


478 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io«>  s.  11.  DEC.  10,  im. 


title,  yet  in  the  editor's  preface  ('Dempsteri 
Prsefatio')  I  find  Joannem  Rosinurn  and 
Joannis  Gualtii.  In  "  Catalogus  Auctorum 

qui  Librorum  Catalogos,  Indices Scriptis 

consignarunt :     ab     Antonio     Teisserio 

Geneva?,"  1686  (Pars  Altera,  1705),  the  various 
indexes  contain  hundreds  of  men  whose  first 
names  were  John.  The  name  is  invariably 
Joannes.  EGBERT  PIEEPOINT. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

The  Great  God's  Hair.  Translated  from  the  Original 

Manuscript  by  F.  W.  Bain.  (Parker  &  Co.) 
MR.  BAIN  has  yielded  to  our  solicitation,  and  has 
given  us  yet  one  more  extract  from  the  reputed 
Sanskrit  MS.  to  which  we  have  previously  referred 
(see  9th  S.  v.  158  :  xii.  279 ;  10th  S.  i.  498).  While, 
however,  his  new  work  is  in  no  respect  inferior  to 
the  preceding,  has  the  same  exquisite  perfume,  and 
ministers  in  a  no  less  degree  to  delight,  it  finds  us 
in  a  less  credulous  mood.  There  is  no  Sanskrit  MS. 
from  which  these  delightful  books,  partly  fable, 
partly  apologue,  are  taken.  We  defy  Mr.  Bain  to 
show  us  such.  The  stories  are  pure  works  of  imagi- 
nation, invented  by  one  who  is  saturated  with  the 
knowledge  of  Sanskrit  and  with  Oriental  lore 
and  feeling.  We  had  from  the  first  a  suspicion  that 
this  was  so,  but  we  were  taken  in  by  Mr.  Bain's 
admirable  art.  Not  the  less  welcome  or  dear  are 
the  stories  because  the  secret  is  fathomed.  'The 
Great  God's  Hair'  has  as  its  key-note  the  idea, 
whidh  "is  the  very  core  of  Hindoo  manners,"  that 
"the  husband  is  the  good  wife's  god,;>  an  idea  the 
acceptance  of  which  renders  comprehensible  to  us 
such  things  as  suttee.  In  eloping  with  Ranga,  a 
Rajpoot  of  royal  descent,  robbed  of  his  kingdom, 
who  has  entered  her  carefully  guarded  bedroom  and 
captured  her  heart,  Wanawallari  has  offended  all 
the  gods  except  Water  Lily,  a  species  of  Psyche, 
who  has  aided  and  abetted  her  flight.  Disguising 
himself  as  a  Brahman,  Indra,  as  representative  of 
the -assembled  conclave,  visits  her,  and  tries  by 
his  arguments  and  remonstrances  to  win  her  into 
abandoning  her  husband  and  rejoining  the  king  her 
father.  Encountered  at  every  point  by  the  heroine, 
a  typically  lovely  and  cultivated  woman,  with  an 
unparalleled  knowledge  of  fable,  Indra  is  at  length 
baffled  and  converted,  and  retires  from  the  unequal 
contest,  leaving  the  lady  to  make  her  peace  with 
her  father.  This,  with  some  slight  aid  from  Water 
Lily,  she  does,  and  the  story  ends  happily  and 
charmingly.  It  is  hard  to  say  which  is  the  more 
enchantingly  drawn,  the  heroine  or  her  divine  pro- 
tector. A  perusal  of  the  work  cannot  fail  to  send 
the  reader  in  search  of  the  previous  tales  of  the 
same  writer,  who  has  invented  a  class  of  literature 
of  which  we  can  scarcely  have  too  much. 

Dunstable :    its   History   and    Surroundings.      By 

Worthington  G.  Smith,  F.L.8.  (Stock.) 
WE  can  commend  Mr.  Smith's  book  as  a  com- 
plete and  intelligent  account  of  the  interesting  old 
town  of  Dunstable,  of  which  he  is  the  first  freeman. 
He  shows  himself  to  have  a  familiar  acquaintance 
with  every  nook  and  corner  of  the  place,  and  a  wide 
knowledge  of  its  history  and  antiquities.  We  may 


remark  that  the  horseshoe  in  the  seal  of  Dunstable 
is  evidently  intended  to  bear  a  punning  allusion  to- 
the  ordinary  staple  or  hasp,  the  ancient  name  of  the 
town  being  Dunstaple.  This  is  overlooked  on 
p.  108,  though  recognized  on  a  later  page  (156).  If 
Mr.  Smith  has  evidence  for  his  statement  that 
Houghton  Regis  at  one  time  bore  the  name  k<  sselig: 
Houghton,"  from  which  comes  the  modern  by-name 
"  Silly  Houghton  " — sailig,  fortunate,  being  a  sup- 
posed synonym  for  "  royal  " — he  should  have  pro- 
duced it.  It  looks  like  a  mere  guess.  The  well- 
known  Greek  palindrome  on  the  font  of  Caddington 
Church  is  unhappily  articulated  (p.  140),  though,  of 
course,  the  fault  may  lie  in  the  original.  We  notice, 
also,  the  misprint  secundem  on  p.  67.  The  book  is 
very  prettily  illustrated,  and  the  topographical  and 
historical  matter  is  relieved  by  two  welcome  chap- 
ters on  the  traditions,  folk-lore,  and  superstitions- 
of  the  locality. 

The  Flemings  in  Oxford.     Edited  by  J.  R.  Magrath,, 

D.D.  (Oxford,  Clarendon  Press.)" 
UNDER  this  somewhat  ambiguous  title  the  Provost 
of  Queen's  has  published,  with  copious  annotations, 
a  hitherto  imprinted  MS.  illustrative  of  university 
life  during  the  last  half  of  the  seventeenth  century. 
It  is  with  the  experiences  of  the  scions  of  a  Cumber- 
land family,  so  named,  while  "at  Oxford"  (which 
surely  is  the  customary  phrase),  and  not  with  any 
settlement  there  of  the  Netherlanders,  that  the 
book  is  concerned.  Among  the  MSS.  preserved  at 
Rydal  Hall  are  the  •accounts  and  correspondence 
of  Daniel  Fleming,  who  matriculated  at  Queen's 
College  in  1650.  Of  no  special  value  in  themselves, 
these  documents  have  the  interest  which  al ways- 
belongs  to  relics  of  a  bygone  state  of  society,  and 
they  give  us  many  quaint  revelations  as  to  the 
manners  and  customs  of  a  university  in  which  the 
mediaeval  spirit  still  prevailed.  The  editing  of  a 
work  like  this  involves  an  amount  of  patient  and 
laborious  research  which  only  those  can  appreciate 
who  have  undertaken  a  similar  task.  The  incidental 
allusions  to  persons,  places,  and  usages  afford  an 
ample  field  for  comment  to  a  conscientious  editor^ 
and  to  the  elucidation  of  these  Dr.  Magrath  has 
devoted  his  leisure  for  many  years  past  with  pains- 
taking industry.  Whenever,  for  instance,  the 
writer  refers,  as  he  frequently  does,  in  a  succinct 
and  allusive  way  to  some  purchases  of  books,  full' 
bibliographical  particulars  are  supplied  of  the 
works  in  question,  and  their  title-pages,  however 
long,  set  out  at  full  length.  If  he  takes  a  journey, 
the  places  he  visits  on  his  route  are  enumerated, 
and  the  distances  given  with  the  faithful  accuracy 
of  a  Baedeker.  When  a  contemporary  is  mentioned 
a  short  biographical  sketch,  with  extracts  from, 
parochial  registers,  puts  the  reader  in  possession 
of  all  that  he  needs  to  know  —  all  which  minute 
dealing  must  have  involved  no  small  amount  of 
labour.  It  is  not  always  easy  to  draw  the  line 
between  too  little  and  too  much  ;  Dr.  Magrath 
certainly  leans  to  the  side  of  liberality.  Some 
amusing  glimpses  into  the  undergraduate  life  of 
the  period  are  afforded  us  in  the  Fleming  correspon- 
dence. A  brother  of  Daniel's  writes  to  him  an 
affectionate  letter  which,  compiled  on  Mr. 
Bouncer's  plan,  incorporates  whole  periods  from  the 
'  Familiar  Letters  of  James  Ho  well,'  then  recently 
published.  The  weaknesses  of  the  college  man,  it 
seems,  are  perennially  the  same.  His  tutor  ex- 
presses a  fear  "  that  his  expences  amount  high,  not 
so  much  upon  the  account  of  Treats,  as  Curiositys. 


ii.  DEC.  10.  low.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


479 


and  ornam'8  for  his  chamber,"  which  he  is  sanguine 
enough  to  expect  "will  be  of  use  afterwards  "  (p.  297). 
The  same  correspondent  reports  the  convalescence 
of  his  pupil,  after  too  free  an  indulgence  in  green 
fruit,  in  the  modern-looking  phrase,  "  he  begins  to 
pick  up  his  crum's  again  mainly"  (p.  300).  Q'hatthe 
conditions  of  university  life  were  pretty  much  the 
same  then  as  now  appears  from  the  complaint, 
"Scholars  here  are  very  much  cheated  in  buying 
anything  unless  they  pay  present  mony,  though 
their  tutors  be  never  so  carefull"  (p.  333).  They 
could  economize,  however,  in  their  book-bill,  seeing 
that  "  bookes  of  all  sorts  are  growne  pretty  plenti- 
full  att  the  second  hand  in  ye  Stationers  Shops" 
(p.  241). 

Among  the  items  of  local  gossip  of  the  year  1660 
crops  up  the  statement  "  Wee  are  now  informed  ye 
Ld  Gray  of  Grooby  [Groby]  was  ye  late  King's 
executioner."  The  same  letter  which  supplies  this 
very  improbable  information  gives  a  graphic  account 
of  Charles  II. 's  triumphal  entry  into  London,  with 
many  of  those  minute  touches  which  make  the 
scene  to  live.  Dr.  Magrath  is  in  doubt  as  to  what 
Daniel  Fleming  meant  by  "  ye  boiling  of  my  maire," 
for  which  he  paid  4of.  It  can  hardly  be,  as  he 
suggests,  the  swilling  or  the  bolusing  of  the  animal. 
Soiling  is  more  likely  to  be  a  local  form  of 
"polling,"  for  clipping,  or  having  its  hair  cut.  At 
all  events,  Ray  gives  "boiling  trees"  as  a  North- 
Country  word  for  "pollard  trees." 

Calendar  of  Inquisitions  post  Mortem  and  other 
Analogous  Documents  preserved  in  the  Public 
Record  Office— Vol.  I.  Henry  III.  (His  Majesty's 
Stationery  Office.) 

WE  are  very  glad  to  welcome  the  first  volume  of 
the  new  calendar  of  the  long  series  of  Inquests 
post  Mortem.  These  documents  form,  we  believe, 
an  historical  series  unrivalled  in  the  archives  of 
any  foreign  state,  and  are  of  the  highest  topo- 
graphical and  genealogical  value.  They  have  re- 
mained up  to  the  present  time  most  difficult  to 
consult.  Imperfect  manuscript  calendars  of  some 
of  them  have  been  long  in  existence,  and  between 
the  years  1806  and  1838  four  folio  volumes  of  calen- 
dars were  issued  by  the  old  Record  Commission. 
To  say  that  these  were  useless  would  be  to  exag- 
gerate wildly,  but  they  are,  in  most  cases,  a  very  im- 
perfect key  to  the  treasures  to  which  they  relate,  for 
not  only  were  they  compiled  on  lines  which  do  not 
call  for  commendation,  but  they  are — especially  the 
earlier  volumes— so  full  of  mistakes  and  misprints 
that  those  who  consult  them  are  often  led  in  hope- 
lessly wrong  directions ;  the  indexes,  too,  were 
made  by  careless  or  inefficient  persons,  and  are 
almost  as  likely  to  lead  the  searcher  in  a  wrong 
direction  as  a  right  one.  In  1865  two  volumes  of 
extracts  were  edited  by  Mr.  Charles  Roberts, 
entitled  '  Calendarium  Genealogicum,3  covering  the 
reigns  of  Henry  III.  and  Edward  I.  Mr.  Roberts 
did  sound  work,  which  we  have  on  many  occasions 
found  of  service,  but  the  plan  on  which  the  book 
was  arranged  was  not  satisfactory,  and  it  was  discon- 
tinued. There  was  good  reason  for  this  postpone- 
ment :  "  The  obvious  inconvenience  of  pursuing  a 
system  in  which  the  names  of  heirs  were  given  in 
one  calendar  and  the  lands  in  another  made  it 
undesirable  to  proceed  further  on  these  lines  "  ;  but 
notwithstanding  the  error  of  plan,  the  work,  so  far 
as  it  goes,  will  always  be  of  service.  The  present 
calendar,  without  inordinately  adding  to  its  bulk, 
could  not  be  made  to  contain  all  the  information  to 


be  found  in  the  originals,  but  it  may  be  regarded  as 
an  almost  perfect  key.  The  extents  of  the  manors 
and  the  names  of  the  jurors  have  for  the  most  part 
been  left  out.  This,  we  are  sure,  will  be  a  keen  dis- 
appointment to  all  our  readers  who  study  the 
names  of  places  and  persons,  as  it  will  necessitate 
a  visit  to  the  Record  Office  when  the  information 
is  required  ;  but  we  are  reluctantly  compelled  to- 
say  that  the  excellent  system  of  reference  to  the 
originals  in  a  great  degree  compensates  for  the 
inconvenience. 

As  well  as  the  index  to  persons  and  places,  which 
occupies  more  than  a  hundred  pages,  there  is  a  most 
valuable  one  of  subjects.  Every  historical  student 
will  be  the  better  for  reading  it  from  end  to  end 
and  endeavouring  to  assimilate  the  information  to 
which  it  will  direct  him. 

The  volume  is  published  under  the  able  editorship 
of  Sir  H.  C.  Maxwell-Lyte,  the  text  being  due  to- 
Mr.  J.  E.  E.  S.  Sharp,  and  the  indexes  to  Mr.  A.  E. 
Stamp. 

Place  -  name    Synonyms     Classified.      By    Austin. 

Farmar.     (Nutt.) 
The  Place-names  of  Stirlingshire.     By  Rev.  J.  B.. 

Johnston,  B.D.  (Stirling,  Shearer  &  Son.) 
THE  former  of  these  books  is  a  tentative  effort- 
to  bring  place-names  into  groups  according  to  their 
signification.  We  cannot  say  we  find  it  informing 
or  interesting,  and  the  system  of  cross-references 
adopted  is  somewhat  irritating.  To  take  an  illus- 
trative instance :  on  the  first  page  we  find  group 
No.  6  to  consist  of  Dal-iz,  Dai-chow,  Dali-chow, 
which  contain  in  their  common  element  the  idea  of 
distance.  Here  a  further  reference  is  given  to- 
group  8,  6,  which  consists  of  the  same  three  names 
with  the  information  that  the  final  element  in  each 
means  "place."  References  to  both  these  entries 
are  repeated  on  p.  134  and  p.  196,  but  we  are  never 
told  where  these  places  are,  or  in  what  language 
dal  means  distant,  so  that  we  are  hardly  wiser  than . 
when  we  began  the  chase.  Some  groups,  however, 
are  more  mutually  illuminative,  as  in  entry  2000, 
"Old  Church,"  where  Alt-kirch,  Oude-capel,, 
Hen-eglwys,  Hen-egglys,  and  Shan-kill  are  brought 
together.  But  as  very  many  of  the  entries  consist 
of  a  solitary  name,  the  comparative  method  com- 
pletely breaks  down. 

In  '  The  Place-names  of  Stirlingshire,'  which  has 
now  attained  to  its  second  edition,  Mr.  Johnston 
does  more  minutely  for  one  county  what  he  has 
already  done  with  much  success  for  the  whole  of 
Scotland.  He  now  claims  to  be  able  to  disentangle 
the  etymology  of  certain  names  which  formerly 
baffled  his  efforts  ;  but  he  honestly  gives  up  as 
"doubtful "a  certain  residuum  which  still  obsti- 
nately refuse  to  be  accounted  for,  which  plain  deal- 
ing increases  our  faith  in  his  method. 

The  Burlington  Magazine.  Vol.  VI.  No.  XXI. 
THE  latest  number  of  this  favourite  magazine  for 
connoisseurs  is  of  exceptional  interest.  Its  list  of 
plates  is  of  unusual  extent,  including  eight  plates 
from  the  Carvallo  collection  (two  of  them  after  Goya) ; , 
a  like  number  of  designs  by  Jean-Francois  Millet,, 
from  the  collection  of  our  old  friend  Ja'mes  Staats 
Forbes  ;  a  triptych  by  Lucas  Cranach  to  accompany 
Mr.  Lionel  Gust's  'Notes  on  the  Royal  Collection' ;. 
an  interesting  uncatalogued  miniature  by  Fran9ois 
Clouet ;  a  bronze  statuette  from  Paramythia ; 
many  designs  of  furniture,  Sheffield  plate,  and 
reproductions  of  Italian  designs,  the  whole  being 


480 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  DEC.  10, 190*. 


too  numerous  to  admit  of  the  possibility  of  indi- 
vidual mention,  and  almost  too  important  to  be 
collectively  dismissed.  This  attractive  magazine 
is  pushing  steadily  to  the  front  of  illustrated 
periodicals. 

THE  most  interesting  and  valuable  paper,  not 
only  of  the  Fortnightly  Review,  but  of  all  the 
month's  periodicals,  is  the  'Artemis  and  Hippo- 
lytus'  of  Mr.  J.  G.  Frazer.  This  is  extracted  from 
the  third  edition  of  the  author's  '  Golden  Bough,' 
which,  treading  closely  on  the  heels  of  the  second, 
is  announced  as  being  in  the  press.  In  the  worship 
paid  by  Trozenian  maidens  to  this  young  and 
Handsome  favourite  of  Artemis  we  have,  naturally, 
suggestion  of  the  cult  of  Adonis  by  Tyrian  damsels. 
"What  is  said  about  the  deposition  of  the  shorn 
locks  of  youths  and  maidens  on  their  arrival  at 
puberty  links  the  worship  with  that  at  Nemi 
and  with  the  crowned  priest.  It  is  curious  to 
meet  in  an  English  periodical  with  a  composition  of 
that  mystic  Sar  Peladan.  Such,  however,  appears, 
though  it  is  in  a  vein  all  unlike  that  the  writer 
sometimes  adopts.  Ethel  Goddard's  paper  on  '  The 
Winged  Destiny  and  Fiona  Macleod '  has  also 
literary  interest. — For  the  general  public  Mr.  Bash- 
ford's  conversation  with  Count  von  Billow  on  '  Great 
Britain  and  Germany,'  which  appears  in  the  Nine- 
teenth Century,  has  absorbing  interest.  With  this 
and  its  lesson  we  may  not  deal.  The  account  by 
.Lady  Priestley  of  '  What  the  French  Doctors  Saw ' 
during  their  late  visit  to  London  is  edifying  and 
satisfactory.  Mr.  Mallock  answers  his  antagonists 
concerning  'Free  Thought  in  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land.' The  Countess  of  Jersey  displays  much  erudi- 
tion in  dealing  with  'Hymns  Ancient  and  Modern,' 
and  condemns,  with  most  others,  the  "failures  in 
rhyme  and  rhythm,"  and,  in  fact,  the  general  bathos 
of  the  classical  side  of  the  new  book.  Baron  Suye- 
matsu  explains  to  English  readers  what  is  the  real 
significance  of  the  Hara-kiri.  Miss  Rose  M.  Brad- 
ley writes  on  '  The  Decline  of  the  Salon.'  Other 
articles  of  much  interest  are  those  on  the  '  Reflow 
from  Town  to  Country,'  a  feature  of  modern  life  not 
to  be  contemplated  with  unmixed  approval,  on  '  The 
•Coreless  Apple,'  'Queen  Christinas  Pictures,'  and 
'  Palmistry  in  China.'— In  thePo^  Mall  Mr.  Ruddi- 
man  Johnston  deals  with  '  The  Jap  at  Home.'  Mr. 
.Frederick  Lees  describes  ' Madame  Rejane  on  and 
•  off  the  Stage.'  Mr.  Austin  Dobson  has  a  valuable 
and  delightful  paper  on  '  How  Dr.  Johnson  wrote 
his  Dictionary.  Mr.  Hilaire  Belloc  concludes  his 
'On  Foot  through  the  Pyrenees,'  and  there  is  a 
symposium  on  '  Is  London  growing  more  Beautiful  ? ' 
in  which  several  well-known  people  participate. — 
Mr.  E.  V.  Lucas  writes  in  the  Cornhill  on  '  Charles 
Lamb's  Commonplace  Books.'  We  are  surprised  to 
find  him  speaking  of  Lamb's  transcription  in  his 
own  hand  of  passages  that  pleased  him  as  horrid 
drudgery.  We  have  found  such  work  delightful. 
Many  of  the  extracts  given  have  profound 
interest.  'The  Revival  of  the  Road,'  by  A.  G. 
Bradley,  is  pleasantly  antiquarian.— In  his  "His- 
torical Mysteries,"  No.  XIL,  Mr.  Lang  deals  with 
'  The  Mystery  of  the  Kirks.'  This  is  curious  in  its 
way  and  wholly  unlike  his  other  contributions.  Mr. 
Aflalo  writes  on  '  Fishes  on  their  Defence.'  '  Bishop 
Ridding  as  Head  Master'  is  described  by  an  Old 
Wykehamist.  In  '  Provincial  Letters '  a  holiday  in 
Wensleydale  is  described.  The  author  has  scarcely 
come  under  the  spell  of  the  district.— In  the  Gentle- 
man's,  '  Eros  on  the  Waters '  is  the  quaint  title  of 


an  article  on  Lady  Hamilton  and  Nelson.  Lieut.- 
Col.  Hill  James  has  a  pleasant  paper  on  '  Biarritz.' 
'  Two  Studies  in  Unwritten  Literature,'  by  a  Crab 
Maid  !  are  criticisms  of  a  supposed  oration  of  Cicero 
for  Joan  of  Arc  and  a  tragedy  by  Shakespeare  on 
Charles  I.  'The  Squire  of  Walton  Hall'  is,  of 
course,  our  old  friend  Charles  Waterton.— In  'At 
the  Sign  of  the  Ship,'  in  Longman's,  Mr.  Andrew 
Lang  writes  on  Dr.  Campbell's  arraignment  of  work- 
ing men  and  on  the  causes  of  the  decline  of  church- 
going.  Mr.  W.  E.  Norris  describes  '  Some  August 
Days  in  Japan,'  and  Mrs.  Comyns  Carr  contributes 
'A  Musical  Difference.' 

BY  the  death  in  his  fifty-ninth  year  of  Mr. 
W.  G.Boswell-Stone  we  lose  a  valuable  contributor, 
chiefly  on  Shakespearian  subjects.  His  name 
appears  frequently  in  the  General  Index  to  the 
latest  series.  He  had  a  share  in  the  proceedings  of 
the  New  Shakspere  Society,  and  is  responsible  for 
an  excellent  edition  of  'King  Henry  V.'  His 
'Shakespeare's  Holinshed'  is  a  valuable  work, 
to  which  we  make  frequent  reference.  He  has  also 
edited  some  plays  for  the  new  variorum  edition  of 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher  of  Mr.  A.  H.  Bullen.  An 
invalid  for  life,  owing  to  an  accident  in  childhood, 
he  found  relief  in  literary  studies,  which  he  pursued 
with  much  diligence. 


to 

We  must  call  tspecial  attention  to  the  following 
notices  :— 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 
put  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
heading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "  Duplicate." 

P.  ("Yankee  Doodle ").— The  lines  as  we  have 
heard  them  are  :— 

Yankee  Doodle  went  to  town, 

Riding  on  a  pony  ; 
Stuck  a  feather  in  his  crown, 

And  called  it  makarony. 
This  seems  only  useful  as  showing  that  the  date 
must  be  soon  after  1776. 

H.  KINGSFORD  ("Tantarabobus").  —  See  '  Tan- 
terabobus,'  3rd  S.  vi.  5,  59,  331;  and  '  Tantibogus,' 
8th  S.  xii.  268,  332. 

CORRIGENDUM.— P.  457,  col.  2,  1.  5,  for  "living" 
read  livery. 

NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries'"— Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Pub- 
lisher"—at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  B.C. 


ii.  DEC.  10,  1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


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E  T  0  N  I  A  N  A. 

A  Magazine  devoted  to  the  Antiquities  of  Eton. 

No.  3,  NOVEMBER  30,  1904,  6rf. 

EARLY  ETON  SCHOOL  LISTS.    R.  A.  Austen  Leigh. 
DESCRIPTION  of  the  STAINED  GLASS  in  the  WINDOWS 
of  ELECTION  HALL.    Dr.  M.  R.  James. 

SOME    ETONIANS    at    ST.    JOHN'S     COLLEGE,    CAM- 
BRIDGE, 1629-1715. 

The  CANNINGS  at  ETON. 
ETON  DAMES  in  1825. 
AN  IRISH  REBEL  at  ETON  in  1617. 
HOW  ETON  HEAD  MASTERS  HAVE  RESIGNED. 
SPOTTTSWOODE  &  CO.,  Limited,  Eton. 

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(Continued  on  Third  Advertisement  Page.) 


.  ii.  DEC.  17, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


481 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  17,  190k. 


CONTENTS.-No.  51. 

NOTBS  :— British  Mezzotinters,  481—'  Martine  Mar-Sixtus  ' 
and  Robert  Greene,  483 — "  Licence "  and  "License,"  484 
—Thomas  Hobbes— "Sir  John  I'Anson,  Bart."— Major 
Mohun,  the  Actor— Coliseums  Old  and  New,  485. 

•QUERIES  :-Dr.  Burchell's  Diary  and  Collections,  486— 
Charles  Qodwyn  and  Baskology — "To  have  a  month's 
mind  " — Ingram  and  Lingen  Families — "See  how  the 
grand  old  forest  dies  " — Unrestored  Churches— Patrick 
Bell,  Laird  of  Autermony — Bishop  of  Man  Imprisoned — 
Bankrupts  in  1708-9,  487— Kant's  Descent— School  Slates 
— Parody  of  Burns — "  He  saw  a  world  " — Chaplin— Copy- 
ing Press— Hamlet  Watling,  488— Bulwer  Lytton's  Novels 
— Herbert  Knowles. 

RBPLIES  -.—Bears  and  Boars  in  Britain,  489— Rev.  William 
Hill—'  Steer  to  the  Nor'-Nor'-West  '  —  Heraldry— H  in 
Cockney,  490—"  Fortune  favours  fools  " — Flying  Bridge — 
Ludovico,  491— Galileo  Portrait— Prescriptions— Governor 
Stephenson  of  iJeugal — '  Tracts  for  the  Times ' — Philip 
d'Auvergne— Mrs.  Arkwright's  Setting  of  'The  Pirate's 
Farewell,' 492— The  Tenth  Sheaf— Holborn— "  Propale  "— 
44  Hand"—'  The  Death  of  Nelson'— Poem  by  H.  F.  Lyte— 
Alexander  and  R.  Kdgar,  493— Women  Voters  in  Counties 
and  Boroughs — Duchess  Sarah — Denny  Family — "Cha- 
racter is  fate"— Markham's  Spelling-Book,  494— "Stob" 
—  Cricklewood  —  Gwillim's  'Display  of  Heraldrie'  — 
"Mocassin,"  495  —  Brewer's  'Lovesick  King'  —  London 
Cemeteries  in  1860— Paragraph  Mark — Countess  of  Car- 
bery — Sarum— Genealogy  in  Dumas — Louis  XIV.'s  Heart, 
496-Pelican  Myth,  497. 

NOTBS  ON  BOOKS  :—  Hudson's  'Memorials  of  a  Warwick- 
shire Parish' — The  "Favourite  Classics"  Shakespeare — 
4  The  Cathedral  Church  of  St.  Asaph.' 

Booksellers'  Catalogues. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


BRITISH  MEZZOTINTERS. 
THE  extraordinary  revival  of  public  interest 
in  the  works  of  the  great  school  of  British 
mezzotinters,  as  shown  by  the  enormous 
prices  now  paid  for  choice  examples,  not  less 
than  the  frequent  exhibitions  of  engraving 
and  the  appearance  of  numerous  volumes  on 
the  subject,  might  have  suggested  to  editors 
and  supervisors  of  books  of  reference  the 
•expediency  of  revising  the  articles  on  en- 
gravers in  the  light  of  present-day  know- 
ledge. Some  of  the  articles  in  the  'Diet.  Nat. 
Biog.'  are  excellent,  and  all  are  useful  for  the 
lists  of  the  engravers'  works,  but  one  misses 
the  names  of  craftsmen  like  John  Dean, 
David  Lucas,  Charles  Wilkin,  and  the  stip- 
pler  John  Summerfield.  In  a  "  revised  and 
enlarged "  edition  of  another  well-known 
•dictionary  the  articles  on  the  mezzotinters, 
so  far  as  I  have  examined  them,  are  merely 
reproductions  of  those  in  the  old  editions 
published  generations  ago,  although  we  were 
assured  that  the  "  old  Biographies  would  be 
Rewritten,  and  upwards  of  3,000  Corrections 
and  Alterations  in  Dates,  Names,  Attribu- 
tions, &c.,  rendered  necessary  by  the  researches 
<of  the  last  twenty  yearst  would  be  introduced." 
There  is  no  evidence  of  any  such  revision. 


The  "staff  of  specialists"  have  not  even 
troubled  to  refer  to  the  'Diet.  Nat.  Biog.'  To 
cite  a  very  few  instances.  Dean  is  stated  to 
have  "  scraped  several  plates  of  portraits  and 
other  subjects  in  a  very  respectable  style  " — 
criticism  which  is  reminiscent  of  Jeremy 
Collier  on  Shakspeare.  Dixon  "died  in 
London  in  1780,"  but  we  are  not  favoured 
with  a  list  of  his  works.  Of  Dunkarton,  one 
of  Turner's  chosen  mezzotinters,  nothing 
particular  is  said,  except  that  he  was  born 
"in  1744,'' and  ceased  to  publish  after  1811. 
On  comparing  the  articles  s.vv.  Brooks  and 
McArdell,  we  learn  that  McArdell  "  was  born 

about  the  year  1710 was  apprenticed  to 

James  [sic]  Brooks,  and  both  went  from 
Dublin  to  London  about  1727."  McArdell,  as 
very  obvious  sources  of  information  show, 
was  born  in  1728  or  1729,  and  accompanied 
John  Brooks  to  London  in  1746  or  1747. 
The  articles  on  the  Droeshouts,  the  line-en- 
gravers, are  suffered  to  remain  in  their  original 
triviality,  although  the  researches  of  the  late 
Mr.  W.  J.  C.  Moens  have  added  much  to  our 
knowledge  (see  'Diet.  Nat.  Biog.'  and  Mr. 
Lionel  Gust's  paper  in  the  Proceedings  of  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries,  Second  Series,  xvi.  45). 
In  '  Valentine  Green '  we  are  again  confronted 
with  the  erroneous  statements  about  his 
birthplace  and  the  "obscure  line-engraver" 
his  master;  while  in  'George  Keating'  we 
are  not  taken  any  further  than  the  year  1799, 
though  in  the  'Diet.  Nat.  Biog.'  he  is 
accounted  for  until  the  time  of  his  death  in 
1842.  As  with  the  engravers,  so  with  the 
smaller  painters.  In  quoting  from  this  dic- 
tionary I  am  aware  of  the  risk,  as  the  pub- 
lishers in  a  "  caution "  addressed  to  the 
Athenaeum  for  26  December,  1903  (p.  865), 
warned  all  and  sundry  against  presuming  to 
extract  the  nuggets  contained  in  this  mine 
of  research.  Appended  are  a  few  notes  on 
some  of  the  engravers  named. 

John  Dean  exhibited  five  works  with  the 
Society  of  Artists  and  six  works  at  the  Royal 
Academy  during  the  years  1777-91.  At  the 
Latter  institution  he  showed  his  interesting 
painting  (which  he  afterwards  mezzotinted) 
of  'A  Journey  to  the  Watch-house'  (1790), 
and  the  companion  pictures  (also  mezzotinted 
by  him)  of  'A  Good  Mother'  and  'Dutiful 
Children  '  (1791).  Excepting  for  a  brief  stay 
at  Epsom  in  1784,  he  seems  to  have  passed 
most  of  his  days  in  Soho,  first  in  Church 
Street,  next  at  27,  Berwick  Street,  then  at 
12,  Bentinck  Street,  from  which  he  was  burnt 
out  between  1  September,  1790,  and  1  October, 
1791.  On  the  last-named  date  two  of  his 
prints  were  published  by  M.  A.  Dean  (pro- 
3ably  his  wife)  at  138,  High  Holborn.  He 


482 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  DEC.  17,  UOA. 


dwelt  for  a  while  in  the  Strand,  but  eventu- 
ally returned  to  Berwick  Street,  and  there, 
at  No.  33,  "the  dwelling  house  of  Robert 
Watson,"  he  died  in  the  summer  of  1799.  By 
will,  dated  24  February  of  that  year,  he  gave 
to  his  sister  Elizabeth  Dean  the 
"sum  of  twenty-five  pound  three  p.c.  Consols  with 
the  interest  due  thereon  with  whatever  real  or 
personal  property  he  might  possess  for  the  benefit 
of  his  two  children  Mary  Ann  and  MizLabethJ 
Dean  trusting  to  her  well-known  love  of  them  with- 
out any  controul/' 

The  will  was  proved  on  29  August  following 
(P.C.C.  583,  Howe).  I  think  Dean's  good 
sister  may  be  identical  with  the  "  Miss  Dean  " 
who  exhibited  a  work  at  the  Royal  Academy 
in  1778. 

John  Dixon,  an  Irishman,  came  over  to 
England  after  dissipating  a  small  patrimony. 
With  the  Society  of  Artists  he  exhibited 
twenty  examples  of  his  art  during  the  years 
1766-75.  In  1769  he  was  living  in  Broad  Street, 
opposite  Poland  Street,  Carnaby  Market;  but 
in  1771  he  rented  a  house  in  a  row  in  Chelsea 
which  had  been  built  by  Nicholas  Kempe, 
bullion  porter  to  the  Mint,  and  was  called 
after  him  Kempe's  Row.  In  conjunction  with 
Sir  Thomas  Robinson,  Kempe  was  one  of  the 
original  proprietors  of  Ranelagh  Gardens, 
which  were  contiguous  to  the  grounds  of 
his  house  in  Ranelagh  Walk,  Chelsea.  He 
married,  as  his  second  wife,  Ann,  the  elder 
daughter  of  Henry  Meriton,  of  Chelsea, 
an  eccentric  gentleman,  who,  dying  at  the 
patriarchal  age  of  ninety,  in  April,  1757, 
requested  to  be  buried  "  without  any  com- 
pany invited  in  the  chappell  in  his  Green- 
house Garden  "  (will  in  P.C.C.  130,  Herring). 
The  second  Mrs.  Kempe  was  a  famous  beauty, 
much  admired  by  Romney,  who  painted  her 
with  a  pug  dog  in  her  lap.  Dixon's  hand- 
some presence  and  engaging  manners  made 
him  a  welcome  guest  at  his  landlord's  house, 
and  after  Kempe's  death  in  1774  (will  in 
P.C.C.  233,  Bargrave),  his  widow  bestowed 
her  hand  on  the  fascinating  Irishman.  They 
were  married  at  St.  George's,  Hanover  Square, 
on  15  July,  1775  ('Registers,' ed.  Harl.  Soc., 
i.  254).  At  his  wife's  request  Dixon  ceased 
to  practise  his  art  as  a  profession.  On  her 
death  he  had  an  addition  made  to  his  income 
in  a  bequest  from  her  sister  Miss  Henrietta 
Maria  Meriton.  He  then  went  to  reside  at 
5  (afterwards  at  14)  Lower  Phillimore  Place, 
Kensington,  and  busied  himself  in  the  pro- 
motion of  a  scheme  for  establishing  a  national 
fishery  on  the  south,  west,  and  north-west 
coasts  of  Ireland,  particularly  on  the  Nymph 
Bank,  as  the  "  most  immediate  and  effectual 
relief  for  the  poor  of  these  kingdoms."  For  the 


furtherance  of  this  desirable  object  he  pub- 
lished five  letters  during  the  years  1800-4. 
Dixon  joined  the  Society  of  Arts  in  1801,  andi 
retained  his  membership  until  his  death  in 
December,  1811.  His  will  was  proved  in 
the  following  January  (P.C.C.  11,  Oxford). 
Some  interesting  jottings  concerning  him, 
written  from  personal  knowledge,  are  to  be 
found  in  Arnold's  Library  of  the  Fine  Arts: 
for  July,  1832  (iv.  14-16) ;  while  Mrs.  Bray, 
who  was  Nicholas  Kempe's  granddaughter,, 
has  given  a  pleasing,  though  inaccurate 
sketch  of  him  in  her  'Autobiography  '(pp.  48, 
62-4).  See  also  Gent.  Mag.  for  June,  1823, 
p.  604. 

Robert  Dunkarton.  —  I  take  him  to  be 
the  son  of  the  Robert  Dunkerton  (sic)  who- 
married,  at  St.  George's  Chapel,  May  fair,  on 
12  August,  1746,  Mrs.  Hannah  Burrel,  both 
being  of  the  parish  of  St.  Giles-in-the-Field» 
('Register,'  ed.  Harl.  Soc.,  p.  67).  He  was 
born  in  1747,  and  became  a  pupil  of  William 
Pether  (Ackermann's  'Repository  of  Arts/ 
&c.,  v.  65).  As  a  student  his  career  was  un- 
usually brilliant.  During  seven  successive- 
years  (1761-7)  he  was  awarded  premiums- 
for  his  drawings  by  the  Society  of  Arts.  In 
the  last-named  year  (1767)  he  came  out  first 
on  the  list  of  prize-winners  for  his  mezzotint 
of  a  head,  William  Dickinson  and  Samuel 
Okey  being  placed  second  and  third  re- 
spectively. In  1774  he  was  living  at  No.  35,. 
Strand,  but  by  1778  he  had  removed  to 
No.  452.  Besides  practising  as  an  engraver, 
he  took  portraits  in  crayons,  exhibiting  four 
pictures  with  the  Society  of  Artists,  and 
nineteen  at  the  Royal  Academy,  during  the 
years  1768-79.  For  Turner's  '  Liber  Studio- 
rum  '  Dunkarton  engraved  five  plates :  '  Hind- 
head  Hill,'  'The  Hindoo  Worshipper/  'Young 
Anglers/  'The  Water-mill,' and  'Rispah.'  I 
note  in  passing  that  one  Robert  Dunkarton 
was  admitted  a  poor  brother  of  the  Charter- 
house on  28  June,  1780,  died  on  4  June,  1797, 
aged  seventy-three,  and  was  buried  at  Hornsey 
('Register/  ed.  Harl.  Soc.,  p.  63).  The  en- 
graver's father  must  have  died  about  this 
time,  as  Dunkarton  administered  to  his  estate 
(under  100£.)  on  24  May,  1798.  In  the  act 
the  elder  Robert  Dunkarton  is  described  as- 
"late  of  the  parish  of  Saint  Martin-in-the- 
fields,  in  the  county  of  Middlesex,  a  widower, 
deceased";  while  his  son  is  called  his  "only 
child  "  (Register  of  Consistory  Court  of  Lon- 
don, 1798,  f.  309).  The  engraver  himself  died 
in  the  beginning  of  1815.  He  made  his  will 
on  21  January,  1801,  describing  himself  as 
"of  the  Strand,  in  the  parish  of  St.  Martin- 
in-the-Fields,  mezzo tinto  engraver."  The  will 
was  proved  (under  200? )  on  2  February,  1815^ 


s.  ii.  DEC.  17, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


483 


by  his  widow  Mary,  to  whom  he  left  his 
property,  in  the  hope  that  she  in  turn  would 
leave  it  to  "  her  son  William  Robert  Dun- 
karton,  if  by  his  future  conduct  he  shall  be 
deserving  thereof"  (Register  of  Consistory 
Court  of  London,  1815,  f.  76). 

GORDON  GOODWIN. 
(To  be  continued.) 


'MARTINE   MAR-SIXTUS,'   1592,    AND 

ROBERT  GREENE. 

To  make  clear  what  afterwards  follows 
I  shall  begin  with  a  few  passages  from  the 
first  volume  of  the  late  Rev.  Dr.  Grosart's 
edition  of  the  *  Works  of  Robert  Greene ' : — 

"R.  W.'s  'red-nosed  minister'  in  'Martin  Mar- 
sixtus."' — Prefatory  Note. 

"  Also  the  red-nosed  minister  in  Artibus  Magister 
of  Martin  Mar-Sixtus." — Editor's  'Intro.,'  p.  Ixix. 

"  Another  literary  enemy  of  Greene's,  the  anony- 
mous author  of  a  pamphlet  entitled  'Marline 
Mar-Sextus,'  looking  on  Greene's  works  from  his 
puritanical  point  of  view,  calls  them  fascinating, 
dishonourable  love  tracts."  —  Storojenko's  *  Bio. 
Sketch,'  p.  56. 

As  I  have  a  copy  of  this  rare  and  most 
interesting  tract  before  me,  I  shall  quote 
the  title-page  in  full : — 

"Martine  Mar-Sixtvs.  A  second  replie  against 
the  defensory  and  Apology  of  Sixtus  the  fift  late 
Pope  of  Rome,  defending  the  execrable  fact  of  the 
lacobine  Frier,  vpon  the  person  of  Henry  the  third, 
late  King  of  France,  to  be  both  commendable, 
admirable,  and  meritorious.  Wherein  the  saide 
Apology  is  faithfully  translated,  directly  answered, 
and  fully  satisfied.  Let  God  be  ludge  betwixt  thee 
and  me.  Genes.  16.  [Printer's  ornament.]  At 
London  Printed  for  Thomas  Woodcock,  arid  are 
to  be  sold  at  his  shop  in  Paules  Church-yard,  at  the 
signe  of  the  black  Beare.  1592." 

Following  this  title-page  there  is  a  dedication, 
occupying  two  leaves :  "To  the  right  Worship- 
full  and  vertuous  Gentleman,  Master  Edmund 
Bowyar  Esquier,  the  Author  hereof  wisheth 
peace  and  wealth,  with  abpundance  of  all 
spirituall  felicitie."  It  is  in  this  address 
that  the  references  to  R-obert  Greene  are  to 
be  found,  and  I  think  it  will  be  seen  from 
the  following  extract  that  the  epithet  "  red- 
nosed  rimester  "  (not  Dr.  Grosart's  ridiculous 
*' red-nosed  minister")  does  not  even  apply 
directly  to  Greene,  but  comes  as  a  general 
observation  from  the  author.  This  dedica- 
tion is  printed  in  italic  type,  and  as  I  con- 
sider it  of  some  importance  in  connexion 
with  Greene,  I  shall  reproduce  it  word  for 
word  as  it  is  in  the  original : — 

**  VVe  Hue  in  a  printing  age,  wherein  there  is  no 
man  either  so  vainely,  or  factiously,  or  filthily  dis- 
posed, but  there  are  crept  out  of  all  sorts  vnautho- 
rized  authors,  to  fill  and  fit  his  humor,  and  if  a 
mans  deuotion  serue  him  not  to  goe  to  the  Church 


of  God,  he  neede  but  repayre  to  a  Stationers  shop 
and  reade  a  sermon  of  the  diuels  :  I  loath  to  speake 
it,  euery  red-nosed  rimester  is  an  author,  euery 
drunken  mans  dreame  is  a  booke,  and  he  whose 
talent  of  little  wit  is  hardly  worth  a  farthing,  yet 
layeth  about  him  so  outragiously,  as  if  all  Helicon, 
had  run  through  his  pen,  in  a  word,  scarce  a  cat  can 
looke  out  of  a  gutter,  but  out  starts  a  halfpeny 
Chronicler,  and  presently  A  propper  new  ballet  of 
a  strange  sight  is  endited:  Vyhat  publishing  of 
friuolous  and  scurrilous  Prognostications  ?  as  if  Will 
Sommers  were  againe  reuiued :  what  counterfeiting 
and  cogging  of  prodigious  and  fabulous  monsters? 
as  if  they  labored  to  exceede  the  Poet  in  his  Meta- 
morphosis ;  what  lasciuious,  vnhonest,  and  amorous 
discourses,  such  as  Augustus  in  a  heathen  common 
wealth  could  neuer  tolerate  ?  &  yet  they  shame  not 
to  subscribe,  By  a  graduate  in  Cambridge ;  In 
Artibus  Magister ;  as  if  men  should  iudge  of  the 
fruites  of  Art  by  the  ragges  and  parings  of  wit,  and 
endite  the  Vniuersities,  as  not  onely  accessary  to- 
their  vanitie,  but  nurses  of  bawdry  ;  we  would  the 
world  should  know,  that  howsoeuer  those  places 
haue  power  to  create  a  Master  of  Artes,  yet  the 
art  of  loue  is  none  of  the  seauen ;  and  be  it  true  that 
Honos  alit  artes,  yet  small  honor  is  it  to  be  honored 
for  such  artes,  nor  shal  he  carry  the  price  that 
seasoneth  his  profit  with  such  a  sweete ;  It  is  the 
complaint  of  our  age,  that  men  are  wanton  and  sick 
of  wit,  with  which  (as  with  a  loathsome  potion  in 
the  stomack)  they  are  neuer  well  till  all  be  out. 
They  are  the  Pharisees  of  our  time,  they  write  al, 
&  speak  al,  and  do  al,  vt  audiantur  ab  hominibus  ;. 
or  to  tel  a  plaine  truth  plainely,  it  is  with  our 
hackney  authors,  as  with  Oyster-wiues,  they  care 
not  how  sweetely,  but  how  loudely  they  cry,  and 
coming  abroad,  they  are  receaued  as  vnsauory 
wares,  men  are  faine  to  stop  their  noses,  and  crie  ; 
Fie  vpon  this  wit ;  thus  affecting  to  bee  famous,, 
they  become  notorious,  that  it  may  be  saide  of 
them  as  of  the  Sophisters  at  Athens :  dum  volant- 
haberi  celebriter  docti  innotescunt  insigniter  asinini, 
&  when  with  shame  they  see  their  folly,  they  are 
faine  to  put  on  a  mourning  garment,  and  crie,. 
Farwell.  If  any  man  bee  of  a  dainty  and  curious 
care,  I  shall  desire  him  to  repayre  to  those  authors  ; 
euery  man  hath  not  a  Perle-miut,  a  Fish-mint,  nor 
a  Bird-mint  in  his  braine,  all  are  not  licensed  to 
create  new  stones,  new  Fowles,  new  Serpents,  to 
coyne  new  creatures ;  for  my  selfe,  I  know  I  shall 
be  eloquent  enough,  I  shal  be  an  Orator  good 
enough  if  I  can  perswade,  which  to  be  the  end  and 
purpose  of  my  heart,  he  knoweth  who  knoweth  my 
heart." 

This  dedication  is  subscribed,  "Your 
Worships  in  all  duety.  R.  W.  " 

J.  P.  Collier  has  some  remarks  on  the- 
concluding  portion  of  the  foregoing  passage, 
which  are  very  well  worth  quoting  ('Biblio. 
Account,'  vol.  i.  p.  265)  :— 

"The  artificial  style  in  which  this  and  other  pieces 
of  this  kind  were  composed,  was  excellently 
ridiculed  at  this  date  [1592]  by  R.  W.,  in  his 

'Martin      Marsixtus,'     1592 Here     we      see 

Greene's  'Mourning  Garment,'  1590,  and  his  'Faie« 
well  to  Folly,'  1591,  distinctly  mentioned ;  but  it 
was  not  in  those,  so  much  as  in  others,  that  he 
resorted  to  his  invention,  and,  for  the  sake  of  apt 
similes,  imputed  to  pearls,  fishes,  birds  and  beasts ' 
properties  which  they  did  not  possess." 


484 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io»  s.  n.  DEC.  17, 190*. 


Who  was  "R.  W.,"  the  anonymous  author 
of  this  interesting  tract  1  After  considerable 
investigation,  I  am  inclined  to  suggest,  with 
some  confidence,  that  these  initials  stand 
for  Richard  Willes,  whose  name  appears  in 
connexion  with  three  articles  in  Hakluyt's 

Collection  of  Voyages.'  Willes  was  admitted 
a  member  of  the  Society  of  Jesus  in  1565  ;  he 
was  Professor  of  Rhetoric  in  Perugia;  and 
in  1569  he  taught  Greek  at  Trier.  He  after- 
wards renounced  Roman  Catholicism,  and 
petitioned  to  be  entered  at  Oxford,  which 
was  granted,  24  April,  1574,  on  condition  that 
he  made  a  profession  of  conformity.  On 
16  December,  1578,  he  was  made  M.A.  of  the 
University  of  Cambridge.  In  the  epistle 
dedicatory  the  author  informs  us  that  "  this 
short  treatise  "  was  "  the  f ruites  of  a  schollers 
study."  There  can  be  no  doubt  about  it,  and 
it  is  just  such  a  production  as  we  might 
expect  to  have  been  written  by  a  man  of 
Willes's  accomplishments.  The  author  had  an 
intimate  acquaintance  with  French  history, 
and  the  aptness  of  his  references  in  that 
direction  are  singularly  interesting.  I  cannot 
find  anything  throughout  the  tract  by  which 
we  might  distinctly  fix  on  the  personality  of 
the  author  ;  but  on  signature  C  3  we  have 
this  remark  :  "  This  figure  in  rethorick  we 
call  a  Preoccupation."  This  would  seem  to 
indicate  that  the  writer  had  made  that 
branch  of  learning  a  special  study,  and,  as 
already  stated,  we  know  that  Willes  taught 
rhetoric  in  the  city  of  Perugia.  I  offer  the 
suggestion,  however,  for  what  it  is  worth. 

I  may  further  add  that  Willes  was  known 
to  be  the  author  of  several  poems  in  Latin, 
and  the  author  of  the  tract  before  me  opens 
his  dissertation  with  the  following  two  verses 
in  English  : — 

This  foule  defence  a  Frenchman  late  defied, 
And  wisely  wrote  his  censure  of  the  same : 

His  censure  pleasd  ;  yet  one  of  Rome  replied, 
A  home  borne  ludge  could  not  the  cause  defame, 

The  French  were  parciall  for  their  Henries  sake  ; 

Why  then  (quoth  he)   twere  good  some  stranger 


With  that  they  spied,  andcalde,  and  causd  me  stay, 
And  for  I  seemd  a  stranger  in  their  ey, 

I  must  be  iudge  twixt  France  and  Rome  they  say, 
And  will  (quoth  I)  nor  can  I  iudge  awry  ; 

•Sixtus  was  Pope,  and  popish  was  your  King, 

I  both  dislike,  list  how  I  like  the  thing. 

Some  time  ago  a  folio  came  into  my  hands, 
viz.,  "The  Six  Bookes  of  a  Commonweale, 
Britten  by  I.  Bodin,  translated  by  Richard 
Kriolles,"  1606.  On  examining  it,  I  found 
attached  bo  the  front  cover,  between  the 
binding  and  the  body  of  the  book,  a  scrap  of 
paper  with  some  writing,  evidently  the  frag- 
ment of  a  larger  piece  torn  away.  The 


writing  is  in  a  clear,  firm,  and,  I  should  say, 
educated  hand  of  that  period,  and  reads, 
"  yr  louing  friend  Richard  Wills  "  or  "  Willy  " 
(there  is  a  flourish  at  the  end  of  the  final 
letter).  It  would  be  singular  if  it  should  be 
found  that  this  autograph  turned  out  to  be 
that  of  "Richard  Willes,"  the  author  of  this 


tract. 


A.  S. 


''LICENCE"  AND  "LICENSE." 

UNDER  the  heading  of  *  Spelling  Reform '  we 
are  told,  ante,  p.  451,  that  "  it  is  quite  conven- 
tional, and  in  defiance  of  all  rule,  that  the 
words  license,  practise, prophesy,  are  spelt  with 
ce  when  used  as  nouns  ;  why  should  they  be?" 

There  is  no  rule  but  custom  ;  and  the  pre- 
sent custom  is  to  spell  words  after  the  Anglo- 
French  manner,  i.e.,  as  most  in  accordance 
with  the  general  habits  introduced  by  Anglo- 
French  scribes  in  the  thirteenth  century,  and 
more  or  less  acceded  to  by  the  scribes  of  sub- 
sequent centuries,  and  by  the  printers  from 
time  to  time.  There  is  a  reason  why  every 
word  is  spelt  as  it  is,  and  the  reason  is 
historical.  Instead  of  talking  of  "defiance  of 
all  rule,"  your  readers  would  do  better  to  look 
into  the  facts,  as  recorded  in  the  *  N.E.D.,' 
which  exists  for  that  purpose,  and  is  there- 
fore naturally  neglected  by  all  who  prefer  to 
evolve  "  rules  "  out  of  their  own  desires,  and 
would  like  to  impose  them  on  others. 

Instead  of  listening  to  such  irresponsible 
utterances,  let  us  just  take  the  trouble  to  look 
out  the  word  Licence  in  the  'N.E.D.'  We 
shall  be  rewarded,  for  the  matter  is  there  put 
neatly  and  succinctly,  and — what  is  more  to 
the  point — is  in  accordance  with  recorded 
facts : — 

'  The  spelling  license,  though  still  often  met  with, 
has  no  justification  in  the  case  of  the  sb.  In  the  case 
of  the  vb.,  on  the  other  hand,  although  the  spelling 
licence  is  etymologically  unobjectionable,  license  is 
supported  by  the  analogy  of  the  rule  universally 
adopted  in  the  similar  pairs  of  related  words,  prac- 
tice sb.,  practise  vb.,  prophecy  sb.,  prophesy  vb. 
^The  rule  seems  to  have  arisen  from  imitation  of  the 
spellings  of  pairs  like  advice  sb.,  advise  vb.,  which 
expresses  a  phonetic  distinction  of  historical  origin.) 
A  slight  argument  for  preferring  the  s  form  in  the 
vb.  may  be  found  in  the  existence  of  the  derivatives 
icensable  and  licensure  (U.S.)  which  could  not  con- 
veniently be  spelt  otherwise.  Johnson  and  Todd 
?ive  only  the  form  license  both  for  the  sb.  and  the  vb., 
out  the  spelling  of  their  quotations  conforms,  with 
one  exception,  to  the  rule  above  referred  to,  which 
is  recognized  by  Smart  (1836),  and  seems  to  repre- 
sent the  now  prevailing  usage.  Recent  Diets., 
lowever,  almost  universally  have  license  both  for 
sb.  and  vb.,  either  without  alternative  or  in  the 
irst  place." 

Then  follow  (for  the  sb.  and  vb.)  four 
columns  of  quotations.  Of  course,  all  the 
early  examples,  from  good  MSS.  of  *  Piers 


io«>s.  IL  DEC.  17.19M.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


485 


Plowman,'  Chaucer,  and  Hoccleve,  have 
lycence  or  licence  ;  so  that  this  spelling  is  five 
hundred  years  old.  Most  of  the  trouble 
arises  from  the  insubordination  of  later 
writers,  who  prefer  their  own  ways  to  all 
authority  and  usage.  That  is  really  why  no 
spelling  reform  is  possible.  If  it  were  pre- 
scribed with  never  so  much  care,  it  would 
soon  be  deviated  from  in  the  future  just  as  it 
has  been  in  the  past.  Passing  fashions  have 
their  sway.  Just  now  connection  is  much  in 
vogue,  though  both  French  and  Latin  use  the 
x  ;  and  people  cannot  distinguish  between  the 
ct  in  the  L.  affectio  and  the  x  in  the  L.  con- 
nexio,  though  one  is  from  a  base  fac-  (with- 
out t)  and  the  other  from  a  base  nect-. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 


THOMAS  HOBBES.— A  volume  (Cd.  784,  1901) 
of  the  Hist.  MSS.  Commission  entitled 
"Report  on  Manuscripts  in  Various  Collec- 
tions, Vol.  I.,"  contains  a  summary  of  the 
"  records  of  quarter  sessions  in  the  county  of 
Wilts."  Under  the  date  of  1612  is  entered 
(p.  85)  "a  printed  passport  for  Thomas 
Hobbes,  who  had  served  in  the  Low 
Countries,  to  pass  to  his  friends  in  the 
county  of  Wilts,  signed  by  Sir  W.  Waad  and 
Robert  Branthwaite,  16  May."  With  this 
there  is  Sir  Horace  Vere's  certificate  of  the 
discharge  of  Tho.  Hobbes,  "  gentleman,"  dated 
at  the  Hague  13/23  March,  and  another  certi- 
ficate in  Dutch  signed  and  sealed  by  Count 
Maurice  de  Nassau.  The  papers  bear  memo- 
randa of  relief  given  to  Hobbes  on  his  journey, 
and  a  letter  on  his  behalf  from  Waad  bears  a 
note  that  a  pension  of  53s.  4d.  was  allowed. 
At  p.  129  occurs 

"  indenture  of  apprenticeship  of  Robert  Hobbes, 
son  of  Thomas  Hobbes  of  Westport,  Malmesbury, 
with  the  assent  of  his  father,  to  Giles  Clarke,  cord- 
wainer,  for  seven  years  20  Oct.,  1651 ;  he  is  dis- 
charged from  his  apprenticeship  in  this  year  [1654] 
because  his  master  had  run  away  for  debt." 

I  do  not  find  that  these  documents  are 
referred  to  in  the  last  volume  on  Hobbes  the 
philosopher,  but  they  would  seem  to  relate  to 
him.  He  went  on  the  Continent  in  1610  with 
William  Cavendish,  afterwards  second  Earl 
of  Devonshire.  Hobbes  died  unmarried,  but 
he  is  said  to  have  had  an  illegitimate 
daughter.  He  was  born  at  Westport,  now  a 
part  of  Malmesbury.  W.  P.  COURTNEY. 

"  SIR  JOHN  I'ANSON,  BART.,  OF  EPSOM."— So 
styled  in  a  Fyler  pedigree  in  Hutchius's  '  Dor- 
set.' But  G.  E.  C.,  '  Complete  Baronetage ' 
(Exeter,  Pollard,  1903),  iii.  13,  only  says, 
"  He  presumably  succeeded  to  the  baronetcy 
in  Nov.,  1799,"  the  date  of  the  death  of 


Rev.  Sir  John  Bankes  PAnson,  Bart., 
rector  of  Corfe  Castle,  and  nephew  of  "Sir" 
John  of  Epsom.  .G.  E.  C.  adds:  "On 
his  death,  presumably  shortly  after  1799,  or 
possibly  on  the  death  of  his  predecessor,  the 
baronetcy  became  extinct."  So  the  writer  of 
a  good  article  on  the  I'Anson  baronetcy  in 
Herald  and  Genealogist,  iv.  281,  seems  to  have 
no  knowledge  of  the  date  of  the  death  of 
"Sir"  John.  His  mural  inscription  in  Tun- 
bridge  parish  church  shows  that  he  survived 
his  nephew,  and  succeeded  to  the  baronetcy, 
but  makes  it  doubtful  whether  he  claimed  it. 
It  runs  thus : — 

"Also  the  body  of  Mrs.  Mary  Fyler  the  wife  of 
Samuel  Fyler  of  Lincolns  Inn,  Esq.,  Barrister  at 
law  and  only  child  of  the  said  John  FAnson  by  Mary 
his  first  wife  who  died  April  3rd  1794  aged  30.  Also 
the  body  of  the  above  named  John  I'Anson  who 
died  3rd  of  March  1800  Aged  66." 

H.  J.  F. 

MAJOR  MOHUN,  THE  ACTOR.— In  a  petition 
to  Charles  II.  for  restitution  of  theatrical 
rights,  made  in  November,  1682  (vide  the 
Athenceum  for  8  September,  1894),  Michael 
Mohun  sets  forward  that  he  had  served  both 
his  Majesty  and  his  father  of  sacred  memory 
"48  yeares  in  the  quality  of  an  Actor,  and  in  all 
the  Warrs  in  England  and  Ireland,  and  at  the  seige 
of  Dublin  was  desperately  wounded,  and  13monethes 
a  prisoner,  and  after  that  yor  petr  served  yr  Mati9  in 
the  Regiment  of  Dixmead  in  Flanders,  and  came 
over  with  yor  Matic  into  England  when  yr  sacred 
pleasure  was  that  he  should  act  againe,"  &c. 

According  to  this  Major  Mohun  must  have 
been  living  abroad  for  some  few  years  before 
his  return  to  England  in  the  spring  of  1660  ; 
but  a  letter  written  by  General  Ludlow  from 
Duncannon  Fort  to  Arthur  Hazelrigg,  M.P., 
on  8  January  in  that  year,  seemingly  makes 
reference  to  the  actor's  recent  presence  in 
Ireland.  From  the  copy  of  the  letter  given 
in  the  *  Calendar  of  State  Papers,  Ireland, 
1647-60,'  I  cite  the  interesting  postscript : — 

"  P.S. — The  reason  many  of  the  officers  give,  why 
they  refused  to  engage  with  those  at  Dublin  for  the 
Parliament,  is  their  doubt  whether  there  were  a 
reality  in  the  thing,  knowing  the  persons  were  all 
for  a  single  person's  interest  except  two ;  one 
whereof  was  Col.  Kempston,  whose  hand  they  put 
to  it  against  his  mind,  and  Major  Moon  whom  they 
have  since  imprisoned." 

It  may  be,  of  course,  that  this  Major  Moon 
was  not  the  sturdy  little  actor-soldier,  but 
the  coincidence  is  striking.  W.  J.  L. 

COLISEUMS  OLD  AND  NEW.  —  Contempla- 
tion of  the  huge  structure  in  St.  Martin's 
Lane,  now  about  to  be  opened  to  the  public, 
carries  the  memory  back  to  former  like- 
places  of  amusement  and  instruction  in 
the  metropolis  —  notably,  to  that  building 


486 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  DEC.  17, 190*. 


razed  to  make  room  for  the  fine  row  of 
mansions  which  is  called  Cambridge  Gate, 
Regent's  Park. 

If  I  recollect  aright,  the  lower  portion  of 
that  popular  resort,  especially  of  children, 
was  arranged  as  a  kind  of  bazaar.  Above, 
in  a  circular  gallery,  were  the  panoramas  of 
'  London  by  Day '  and  '  Lisbon  by  Night.' 
And  was  there  not  some  joke  abroad  as  to  a 
portion  of  the  canvas  being  utilized  for  both 
representations  ?  From  accounts  circulated 
it  would  seem  that  London's  latest  attempt 
in  the  way  of  a  Coliseum  will,  from  noon  until 
midnight,  offer  a  unique  successive  series  of 
shows  for  the  enlightenment  of  visitors — so 
much  so  that  one  is  tempted  to  speculate 
whether  the  title  selected  is  altogether  appro- 
priate, or  whether  some  modern  name  more 
indicative  of  uses  might  not  be  chosen, 
or  perhaps  coined,  to  meet  the  occasion.  We 
shall  see  what  happens  within. 

I  wonder  how  many  of  your  readers 
remember  the  Panorama  in  the  centre  of 
Leicester  Square  some  fifty  to  sixty  years 
ago.  I  think  it  was  the  venture  of  a  Mr.  Mox- 
hay,  and  met  with  but  moderate  patronage. 
Of  late  years  Coliseums,  Panoramas,  Dioramas, 
of  the  good  old-fashioned  sort  have  certainly 
passed  out  of  vogue.  I  fear  these  are  times 
when  one  scarcely  expects  to  find  a  revival 
of  such  wholesome  entertainments. 

CECIL  CLARKE. 

Junior  Athenaeum  Club,  W. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

DR.  BURCHELL'S  DIARY  AND  COLLEC- 
TIONS.— May  I  ask  assistance  in  a  somewhat 
unusual  task,  and  one,  I  fear,  of  much  diffi- 
culty 1 

The  great  naturalist  William  John  Bur- 
chell,  D.C.L.  (Oxon.),  of  Churchfield  House, 
Fulham,  died  by  his  own  hand  at  the  age 
of  eighty,  on  23  March,  1863.  His  vast 
collections  —  botanical  and  zoological— were 
left  absolutely  to  his  sister,  Miss  Anna  Bur- 
chell,  who  offered  them  all  to  the  University 
of  Oxford.  The  zoological  collections  were 
accepted,  and  arrived  in  1865  ;  the  botanical 
collections  were  refused,  and  are  now  at  Kew. 
Iain  at  the  present  moment  preparing  for 
publication  BurchelFs  original  notes  on  his 
collections  of  insects,  arachnids,  &c.,  from 
South  Africa  (1810-15)  and  Brazil  (1825-30). 

The  former   notes  are  complete,  but   the 


latter  are  missing  after  the  date  18  March, 

1829,  when  Burchell  was  at  Porto  Real  (now 
Porto  Nacionale),  on  the  Rio  Tocantins.     He 
continued   to  make  observations  from   this 
date  until  he  sailed  from  Para  on  10  February, 

1830.  His   complete  itinerary  exists  in  the 
Hope  Department,   where   hundreds  of   his 
specimens  bear  numbers  referring  to  the  lost 
Diary. 

The  last  number  in  the  existing  Diary  is 
1345  (for  18  March,  1829).  But  I  find  speci- 
mens with  numbers  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
1500,  so  that  probably  at  least  150  observa- 
tions, and  perhaps  many  more,  are  lost. 

After  the  last  entry  in  the  existing  note- 
book is  a  statement  in  Burchell's  handwriting 
that  the  continuation  of  the  record  is  to  be 
found  in  an  "  8vo  (long)  red-coloured  volume." 
Beneath  these  words  my  predecessor,  Prof. 
Westwood,  had  written  in  pencil,  "  This  red 
vol.  has  not  been  found. — J.  O.  W."  It  may 
be  safely  inferred  that  the  red  volume  never 
came  to  Oxford. 

But  this  is  not  the  only  loss.  There  were 
certainly  hundreds  of  drawings  of  the  scenery 
and  natural  history  of  Brazil.  I  find  refer- 
ences to  many  in  the  existing  note-book.  A 
large  asterisk  evidently  refers  to  a  drawing, 
and  "v.  J."  clearly  means  "vide  Journal." 
About  twelve  of  Burchell's  letters  are  pre- 
served at  Kew,  and  in  one  of  these,  written 
to  Sir  William  Hooker,  Burchell  tells  of  his 
Journal,  of  his  drawings,  of  his  panoramas 
of  Para  and  of  Rio,  of  meteorological  ob- 
servations during  the  rainy  season  at  Goyaz, 
of  bearings  taken  during  the  descent  of  the 
Tocantins.  Even  the  notes  on  the  insects 
tell  of  missing  records.  This  "settled  on  my 
paper  while  drawing  the  panorama  of  Rio''; 
that  was  "captured  while  measuring  the 
base-line " ;  a  third  "  settled  at  the  foot  of 
my  telescope  while  observing  the  eclipse  at 
midnight."  His  notes  often  speak  of  a  ser- 
vant "Congo,"  probably  a  negro,  who  was 
apparently  a  most  competent  naturalist's 
assistant.  One  is  reminded  of  the  Hottentot 
"  Speelman,"  whose  name  occurs  so  frequently 
in  the  '  Travels  in  Southern  Africa.'  There 
certainly  have  existed — perhaps  there  still 
exist— the  materials  for  a  fascinating  and 
immensely  valuable  record  of  the  travels  of 
a  naturalist  of  the  highest  rank  in  Brazil 
three-quarters  of  a  century  ago. 

And  even  this  is  not  all.  Burchell's  classical 
'Southern  Africa,'  published  in  1822  (the 
second  volume  in  1824),  contains  an  account 
of  less  than  half  of  his  travels.  It  ends 
with  the  day  he  left  Litakun  on  3  August,  1812. 
It  does  not  even  include  the  most  northern 
point  reached  in  his  journey.  The  excellent 


s.  ii.  DEC.  17, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


487 


map  in  the  first  volume  does  indeed  give  the 
whole  route  and  the  names  of  all  his  stations, 
with  the  dates  of  first  arrival  or  return,  and 
in  some  cases  the  bearings.  But  beyond  these 
data  all  is  unknown.  Many  of  the  names  are 
tantalizing  in  their  suggestion  of  interest : 
"  Last  Water  Station,"  "  First  Camelopardalis 
Station,"  "Hot  Station,"  "The  Garden," 
"Puff-adder  Halt,"  "Horse's  Grave,"  "Storm's 
Grave,"  "Mountain  Station,"  "Sylvan  Sta- 
tion/' &c. 

It  is  not  unlikely  that  the  means  for  com- 
pleting the  African  travels,  and  for  the  first 
time  unfolding  the  story  of  the  Brazilian 
travels,  exist  in  some  attic  or  lumber-room, 
where,  too,  may  be  found  the  means  of  writing 
an  adequate  life  of  this  great  man.  Perhaps 
some  member  of  his  family  may,  unknowing, 
possess  such  materials.  If  these  facts  are 
brought  before  such  a  one,  I  would  beg  that 
the  records  may  be  permitted  to  rest  in  the 
Hope  Department  of  Zoology  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Oxford,  where  they  will  be  avail- 
able for  the  use  of  the  student,  and  whence 
they  may  be,  at  no  distant  date,  issued  to  the 
world. 

I  may  refer  any  who  are  interested  in  the 
question  to  recent  publications  upon  W.  J. 
Burchell  and  his  collections  at  Oxford,  in 
Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History, 
1904,  pp.  45-62,  plates  iii.  and  iv.  ;  pp.  89- 
102 ;  pp.  305-23  ;  pp.  356-71,  plate  vi. 

EDWARD  B.  POULTON, 
Hope  Professor  of  Zoology. 

CHARLES  GODWYN  AND  BASKOLOGY.  —  The 
copy  of  Larramendi's  very  valuable,  but  not 
quite  scientific  'Dictionary  of  the  Basktsh 
Tongue'  which  is  preserved  in  the  Bodleian 
Library  has  a  book-plate  bearing  the  words 
'E  Legat.  Caroli  Godwyn.  S.T.B.  Coll.  Ball. 
Soc.  M.D.CCLXX."  Will  one  of  the  learned 
readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  inform  us  if  there  is  any 
other  evidence  to  show  that  Charles  Godwyn, 
Fellow  of  Balliol  College,  studied  Baskish,  as 
Sir  T.  Browne,  of  Norwich,  did  a  century 
before  him  ?  EDWARD  S.  DODGSON. 

'*  To  HAVE  A  MONTH'S  MIND."— This  phrase, 
meaning  to  have  an  ardent  desire,  is  found 
in  Lockhart's  'Life  of  Sir  Walter  Scott,' 
where  it  is  quoted  from  the  novelist's  diary. 
It  also  occurs  in  *  Hudibras,'in  '  Euphues  and 
his  England,'  and  in  '  The  Two  Gentlemen 
of  Verona  '  Are  any  other  instances  known? 
GREVILLE  WALPOLE,  M.A.,  LL.D. 

Kensington,  W. 

INGRAM  AND  LINGEN  FAMILIES.  —  Cicely, 
•daughter  of  an  Ingram  of  Wolford,  Warwick- 
shire, married  William  Lingen,  of  Sutton  and 
Stoke  Edith,  Herefordshire  (probably  some- 


where about  the  year  1570).  Was  her  father 
Richard,  as  stated  in  Burke's  'Commoners,' 
iv.  267,  or  Anthony,  as  stated  in  Burke's 
'Landed  Gentry'  (1900),  p.  222?  She  was 
the  sister  of  John  Ingram,  who  was  executed 
26  July,  1594,  at  Newcastle,  for  being  a  priest 
ordained  abroad  who  had  returned  to  Eng- 
land. JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

"SEE  HOW  THE  GRAND  OLD  FOREST  DIES." 

— Many  years  ago  I  read  a  beautiful  poem, 
by  some  American  author,  descriptive  of  the 
fine  tints  in  an  American  forest  in  autumn, 
and  now  cannot  find  it.  The  first  line  was 

See  how  the  grand  old  forest  dies. 
Whence  comes  it  ?      JOHN  PICKFORD,  M. A. 

UNRESTORED  CHURCHES.  —  There  are  very 
few  of  these  left  to  us.  The  next  trade  boom 
will  literally  "  decimate "  most  of  the  rem- 
nants. Is  not  this  the  time  to  record  a  list 
of  what  is  left  of  them  ? 

I  shall  be  glad  to  receive  direct  from  your 
readers,  by  means  of  picture  postcards  or 
otherwise,  any  notices  or  indications  of  un- 
restored  churches.  Notes  even  of  unrestored 
portions  of  churches  will  be  welcome. 

SAMUEL  MARGERISON. 

Grey  Gables,  Calverley,  near  Leeds. 

PATRICK  BELL,  LAIRD  OF  AUTERMONY.— 
Can  any  reader  of  'N.  &  Q.'  give  me  in- 
formation about  Patrick  Bell,  of  Autermony, 
born  about  1685,  son  of  Alexander  Bell,  of 
Autermony  ?  He  married  Annabella  Stirling, 
of  Craigbarnet,  and  was  some  time  minister 
of  Port  of  Monteith.  J.  M.  GRAHAM. 

BISHOP  OF  MAN  IMPRISONED,  1722. —  In  a 
letter  from  Bath,  dated  27  August,  1722, 
occurs  this  sentence,  "  The  Imprisonment  of 
the  Bishop  of  Man  makes  a  filthy  noise." 
And  again,  6  October,  "  I  hear  the  Bishop  of 
Man  has  paid  his  Fine  and  has  got  no  Redress. 
He  has  the  reputation  of  a  very  good  man." 
I  should  be  glad  to  know  the  name  of  this 
bishop,  and  particulars  of  the  offence  for 
which  he  suffered  imprisonment  and  fine, 
and  the  amount  of  the  latter. 

CHARLES  S.  KING,  Bt. 

St.  Leonards-on-Sea. 

BANKRUPTS  IN  1708-9.— By  the  Bankruptcy 
Act,  1883,  sec.  93,  the  London  Bankruptcy 
Court  was  united  and  consolidated  with,  and 
made  to  form  a  part  of,  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Judicature,  and  the  jurisdiction  of  the  London 
Bankruptcy  Court  was  transferred  to  the 
High  Court  of  Justice,  and  by  virtue  of  an 
order  dated  1  January,  1884,  made  under 
sec.  94  of  the  Act  1883,  was  assigned  to  the 
Queen's  Bench  Division  of  the  said  High 


488 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  DEC.  17,  wo*. 


Court.  I  presume  that  the  records  of  this 
Court  up  to  1883  were  transferred  from  their 
then  resting-place  (where  was  that?)  to  the 
Supreme  Court.  I  would  ask  : — 

1.  With    what    date  do  the    existing  old 
records  begin  1 

2.  Are  they  continuous  from  that  date  (what- 
ever it  may  be)  to  the  present  time  ? 

3.  What  condition  are  they  in  now  ? 

4.  Are  they  consultable  by  the  public  1 

5.  If  so,  where? 

I  am  told,  but  can  hardly  credit  it  (hence 
this  query),  that  these  records  do  not  exist 
prior  to  1710,  and  that,  from  that  time  up  to 
a  comparatively  recent  date,  they  are  all  in 
utter  chaos  at  the  Supreme  Court  of  Judi- 
cature. If  this  should  prove  true,  the  sooner 
arrangements  are  made  for  their  transfer 
to  the  Public  Record  Office  (if  they  will  take 
them)  the  better. 

There  must  be  many  solicitors,  antiquaries, 
and  record  searchers  who  can  reply  to  my  five 
queries,  and  I  should  be  very  grateful  if  they 
would  do  so,  either  through  '1ST.  &  Q.'  or 
direct  to  me.  C.  MASON. 

29,  Emperor's  Gate,  S.W. 

KANT'S  DESCENT.  —  Biographers  of  Kant 
are  practically  unanimous  in  the  opinion 
that  he  was  of  Scotch  descent,  apparently  for 
no  better  reason  than  that  the  name  is  fairly 
common  in  certain  parts  of  Scotland.  But 
are  these  biographers  right?  It  may  perhaps 
be  of  interest  to  note  in  this  connexion  that 
many  families  of  the  name  of  Cant  have,  for 
generations,  been  settled  in  Colchester, 
Ipswich,  Manningtree,  and  other  towns  in 
Essex  and  Suffolk.  JNO.  RIVERS. 

SCHOOL  SLATES.— When  and  by  whom  were 
slates  first  used  for  writing  in  English  schools? 
There  is  no  doubt  that  they  were  first 
popularized  by  Joseph  Lancaster,  and  that 
they  formed  a  feature  of  his  system  of 
education  of  which  he  was  exceedingly  proud. 
(See  'Improvements  in  Education,'  1805, 
pp.  48,  52,  54,  &c.  They  may  be  mentioned  in 
the  1803  edition  of  the  'Improvements,'  but 
1  have  not  a  copy  of  it.)  That  Lancaster  only 
introduced  slates  is  obvious  from  the  fact  that 
he  does  not  claim  the  honour  of  inventing 
them.  That  they  were  little  known  is  also 
obvious  from  his  giving  particulars  about 
kind  and  cost,  and  also  from  his  manufac- 
turing them  at  his  school  in  Borough  Road. 

It  is,  of  course,  well  known  that  Pestalozzi 
used  slates,  but  Lancaster  could  not  have 
imitated  him.  Pestalozzi  appears  to  have 
tirst  used  them  in  his  Burgdorf  school,  which 
he  did  not  open  till  after  Lancaster  was  at 
work  in  the  Borough,  and  the  earliest  refer- 


ence to  them  by  Pestalozzi  which  I  can  find 
is  in  '  How  Gertrude  teaches  her  Children/ 
published  in  1801.  If  we  assume  (which  is 
very  doubtful)  that  Lancaster  did  not  use 
slates  till  1801,  we  may  be  certain  that  neither 
he  nor  any  other  Englishman  had  heard  of 
Pestalozzi  at  that  date.  Wilderspin  almost 
boasted  that  he  had  not  heard  of  him  in  1820 
('  Infant  Schools,'  p.  viii). 

Since  writing  the  above  I  have  come  across 
in  Walpole's  '  Letters '  (ed.  Toynbee,  xii.  94)  a 
reference  to  their  use  out  of  school.  Walpole 
(on  15  November,  1781)  explains  the  illegi- 
bility of  his  writing  by  the  gout  in  his  hand, 
and  adds :  "  Soon,  mayhap,  I  must  write  upon 
a  slate  ;  it  will  only  be  scraping  my  fingers 
to  a  point,  and  they  will  serve  for  a  chalk 
pencil."  DAVID  SALMON. 

Swansea. 

PARODY  OF  BURNS. — I  should  be  much 
obliged  for  the  date  of  the  appearance  in 
Punch  of  a  parody  on  "  Scots  wha  hae,"  begin- 
ning :— 

Dull  men  in  the  country  bred, 
Dolts  whom  Diz.  has  often  led, 
If  you  lose  your  daring  head, 
Farewell  victory. 

The  second  stanza  refers  to  "  Pam  "  : — 
Pam  himself  could  strongly  jaw. 

J.  C.  S. 

"HE  SAW  A  WORLD." — Where  can  I  find 
this  quotation  : — 

He  saw  a  world  in  a  grain  of  sand, 
And  heaven  in  an  opening  flower, 

or  words  to  that  effect  ?         CHR.  WATSON. 

CHAPLIN. — Can  any  correspondent  give  me 
information  concerning  three  Westminster 
boys  of  this  name?  Edward  was  admitted 
to  the  school  in  1786  ;  Francis  in  1772  ;  and 
Robert,  admitted  in  1811,  became  a  B.A.  ol 
Trin.  Coll.,  Camb.,  in  1822.  G.  F.  R.  B. 

COPYING  PRESS.  —  When  was  this  usefwl 
piece  of  office  furniture  first  introduced  ? 
Count  Sze'chenyi  in  October,  1832,  paid  a 
visit  to  Messrs.  Boultoii  &  Watt's  well-known 
foundry  at  Soho,  Birmingham,  and  made  a 
rough  entry  in  his  diary  that  they  had  "  an 
excellent  method  of  copying  letters"  there, 
but  unfortunately  the  method  is  not  de- 
scribed. L.  L.  K. 

[Watt  patented  a  copying  machine  in  1780.  A 
quotation  from  the  specification  is  in  the  '  N.E.D.'] 

HAMLET  WATLING. — This  gentleman  (for- 
merly a  schoolmaster  in  Suffolk,  I  believe  at 
Earl  Stonham)  made  a  large  collection  of 
Facsimile  drawings  of  stained-glass  windows 
in  East  Anglia.  Where  are  these  preserved  ? 


10*  s.  ii.  DEC.  17,  im]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


489 


If  Mr.  Watling  is  dead,  can  any  reader  give 
exact  information  as  to  the  dates  of  his  birth 
and  death  and  his  place  of  interment,  with  a 
copy  of  his  tombstone  inscription  1  He  was 
one  of  those  painstaking  local  antiquaries  to 
whom  we  owe  much. 

T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 
Lancaster. 

BULWER  LYTTON'S  NOVELS.— I  am  reading 
the  novels  of  Bulwer  Lytton,  and  am  at 
present  engaged  upon  'The  Parisians.'  I 
cannot  be  sure  which  characters  are  historica 
and  which  fictitious.  Is  there  any  book  that 
will  enable  me  to  solve  my  difficulty  1 

M.  MORRIS. 

HERBERT  KNOWLES.— In  the  recently  pub- 
lished 'History  of  British  Poetry,'  by  the 
Rev.  F.  St.  John  Corbett,  Canterbury  is 
credited  with  being  the  birthplace  of  Herbert 
Knowles.  I  have  always  understood  that  he 
was  a  native  of  Yorkshire,  and  should  be 
glad  if  any  of  your  correspondents  could 
give  definite  information  on  the  subject. 

POETICUS. 

Burton-on-Trent. 

[The  'D.N.B.'  states  that  Knowles  was  born  at 
Gomersal,  near  Leeds,  in  1798.] 


BEARS    AND   BOARS   IN   BRITAIN. 

(10th  S.  ii.  248.) 

THERE  is  proof  of  bears  having  infested 
Scotland  so  late  as  1057,  when  a  Gordon,  in 
reward  for  his  valour  in  killing  a  very  fierce 
one,  was  directed  by  the  king  to  carry  three 
bears'  heads  on  his  banner  ('Hist,  of  the 
Gordons,'  i.  2,  quoted  in  Thomas  Pennant's 
'British  Zoology,'  1812,  vol.  i.  pp.  90-2).  But 
long  after  the  bear  became  extinct  in  this 
country,  he  lingered  in  Scotland,  and  his 
scarcity  in  England  was  supplied,  for  baiting 
purposes,  by  importations,  probably  from 
France.  Camden  in  his  'Britannia,'  1722, 
vol.  ii.,  says:  "I  have  offered  some  Argu- 
ments to  prove  also  that  Bears  were  hereto- 
fore natives  of.  this  Island,  which  may  be 
seen  in  Mr.  Ray's  'Synopsis  Methodica 
Animalium  Quadrupedum,'  p.  213."  Martial 
says  that  the  Caledonian  bears  were  used  to 
heighten  the  torments  of  those  who  suffered 
on  the  cross  ;  and  Plutarch  relates  that  bears 
were  transported  from  Britain  to  Rome, 
where  they  were  held  in  great  admiration 
(Camden,  vol.  ii.  p.  1227}.  But  of  late  years 
evidence  has  been  adduced  of  the  still 
remoter  existence  of  the  bear  in  Britain.  A 
complete  skeleton  of  a  cave-bear  may  be 
seen  in  the  Department  of  Geology  and 


Palaeontology  in  the  Natural  History  Museum 
at  South  Kensington  ;  and  the  remains  of 
the  cave-bear  found  in  Kent's  Cavern,  in  a 
limestone  hill  on  the  south  coast  of  Devon, 
may  be  seen  in  the  fourth  shelf  of  Cases  121-2, 
representing  the  Palseolithic  age.  Remains 
of  Ursus  spelceus  have  also  been  found  in  the 
Brixham  Cave,  Devonshire;  Kirkdale  Cave, 
Yorkshire ;  Victoria  Cave,  Settle ;  and  in 
very  many  other  localities. 

The  precise  epoch  at  which  the  wild  boar 
was  extirpated  in  England  is  unknown  (W.  B. 
Carpenter's  'Zoology,'  1857,  vol.  i.  par.  297). 
Fitzstephen  tells  us  that  the  vast  forest 
which  in  his  time  grew  on  the  north  side  of 
London  was  the  retreat  of  stags,  fallow  deer, 
wild  boars,  and  bulls.  Charles  I.  turned  put 
wild  boars  in  the  New  Forest,  Hampshire, 
but  they  were  destroyed  in  the  Civil  Wars. 
White,  in  his  'Natural  History,'  says  that 
General  Howe  turned  out  some  German  wild 
boars  and  sows  in  his  forests  of  Wolmer  and 
the  Holt,  to  the  great  terror  of  the  neighbour- 
hood ;  but  the  country  rose  upon  them  and 
destroyed  them.  King  Edward  also  lately, 
I  think,  tried  the  experiment— though  un- 
successfully— of  turning  loose  some  German 
wild  boars  in  Windsor  Forest,  for  hunting 
purposes.  Among  the  wild  animals  men- 
tioned by  Camden  as  having  become  long 
since  extinct  in  Wales  is  the  boar,  to  which 
allusion  is  made,  he  says,  by  Dr.  Davies  "  at 
the  end  of  his  Dictionary."  There  is  a  curious 

Cof  of  the  former  existence  of  the   wild 
r  in   Scotland   in   the  place-name    Boar 
Hills,  St.  Andrews.    About  1120  Alexander  I. 
gave  a  cursus  apri,  or  "  boar- chase,"  to  the 
see  of  St.  Andrews  (J.  B.  Johnston's  'Place- 
names  of  Scotland,'   1892).    Remains  of  the 
wild   boar  have   been  found   in  Palseolithic 
aves  in  England. 

While  attending  building  excavations  in 
the  City  of  London,  I  found  that  one  of  the 
commonest  objects  turned  up  in  "the  Roman 
evel"  was  the  tusk  (the  "tush,"  as  the 
workmen  called  it)  of  the  wild  boar.  Some- 
times, indeed,  these  were  encountered  in 
profusion,  often  as  black  as  the  earth  in  which 
;hey  had  lain  for  the  centuries  that  have 
elapsed  since  the  Roman  occupation. 

Allusions  to  the  custom   of  wearing  the 
igure  of  a  boar— not  in  honour  of  the  animal, 


distinctly  refers  to  the  same  usage  and  its 
religious  intention  as  propitiating  the  pro- 

ection  of  their  goddess  in  battle.  (See  LI. 
Tewitt's  'Grave  Mounds  and  their  Contents,' 

870,  p.  255.) 


490 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  DEC.  17, 


In  the  Manuscript  Department  of  the 
British  Museum  a  bear,  in  one  MS.  (27699, 
f.  100),  is  represented  caught  in  a  trap  ;  and 
there  are  many  early  drawings  in  which  the 
bear  plays  a  part.  For  representations  of 
the  wild  boar  and  boar  hunts  in  ancient 
manuscripts,  see  *  Early  Drawings  and  Illumi- 
nations in  the  British  Museum,3  by  W.  de 
Gray  Birch  and  Henry  Jenner,  1879.  Lance- 
lot and  Bevis  of  Hamtoun  both  have  heroic 
encounters  with  great  wild  boars.  (See 

*  Popular  Romances  of  the  Middle  Ages,'  by 
G.  W.  Cox  and  E.  H.  Jones,  1871.) 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

Macaulay,  in  vol.  i.  of  his  'History,' 
chap,  iii.,  on  the  state  of  England  in  1685, 
writes  : — 

"  The  last  wild  boars  which  had  been  preserved 
for  the  royal  diversion,  and  had  been  allowed  to 
ravage  the  cultivated  land  with  their  tusks,  had 
been  slaughtered  by  the  exasperated  rustics  during 
the  license  of  the  Civil  War." 

Guillame  Twici,  Veneur  le  Roy  d'Angle- 
terre  (Edward  II.),  wrote  a  treatise  in  French 
entitled  'Art  de  Venerie,'  which  was  trans- 
lated into  English  by  John  Gyfford,  "Maister 
of  the  Game"  to  King  Edward.  In  this 
'treatise  game  is  divided  into  three  classes. 
The  first  contains  four  animals,  called  "beasts 
for  hunting,"  viz.,  "the  hare,  the  hart,  the 
wolf,  and  the  wild  boar."  Read  Strutt's 

*  Sports  and  Pastimes  of  the  People  of  Eng- 
land,' book  i.  chap.  i.  p.  17.    At  p.  5  of  that 
chapter  there  is  a  representation  of  a  man 
on  foot,  armed  with  a  spear,  attacking  the 
boar,  taken  from  a  manuscript  written  about 
the   commencement  of   the  fourteenth   cen- 
tury. This  mode  of  hunting  the  animal  Shak- 
speare  may  have  had  in  his  mind  when,  in 
'Richard  III.,'  III.  ii.,  he  wrote,  "Where  is 
the  boarspear,  man  ?    Fear  you  the  boar,  and 
go  unprovided  ? "  JAMES  WATSON. 

^There  is  a  note  on  this  subject  in  Bonney's 

Story  of   our  Planet,'  where  it  is,  I  think 

stated  that  British  wild  boars  became  extinct 

in  the  seventeenth  century,  and  bears  in  the 

tenth  or  eleventh.  J.  DORMER. 

I  refer  G.  S.  C.  S.  to  the  different  natura 
histories    and    encyclopaedias,   to    the   back 
volumes  of    'N.  &  Q.,'  and  to  Chambers' 
'  Book  of  Days.' 

The  killing  of  an  exceedingly  ravenou* 
wild  boar— the  last  one  in  this  immediate 
district,  according  to  legendary  history  — 
gave  to  Bradford  a  subject  for  its  crest,  which 
is  a  boars  head  erased.  See  Gough's  edition 
or  (Jamden's  '  Britannia.' 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 


REV.  WILLIAM  HILL  (10th  S.  ii.  427).— This 
gentleman  died  at  Hull,  17  May,  1867,  aged 
ixty-one,  and  was  buried  in  the  cemetery 
here.  A  few  paragraphs  appeared  in  the 
lull  newspapers,  but  the  only  extended 
iccount  of  him  was  in  the  Barnsley  Chronicle, 
May  or  June,  1880.  W.  C,  B. 

'  STEER  TO  THE  NOR'  -  NOR'  -  WEST  '  (10th 
3.  ii.  427). — I  know  of  a  prose  version  of  a 
*tpry  touching  "a  barque  trading  between 

iverpool  and  St.  John's,  New  Brunswick," 
which  turns  on  "Steer  to  the  Nor'- West "- 
words  written  by  a  phantom  on  a  slate  in  the 
captain's  cabin— and  this  may  perhaps  be  of 
use  to  OXONIAN.  He  will  find  it  in  Robert 
3ale  Owen's  'Footfalls  on  the  Boundary  of 
Another  World,'  pp.  242-5.  ST.  SWITHIN. 

'  Steer  to  the  Nor'-Nor'-West '  is  the  title 
of  a  story  contributed  to  Temple  Bar  in,  I 
think,  1863,  by  H.  A.  Hills,  late  Judge  in 
Egypt,  and  now  of  High  Head  Castle,  Cum- 
Derland.  ALFRED  F.  CURWEN. 

HERALDRY  (10th  S.  i.  329).— These  "arms 
appear  to  be  those  of  the  family  of  Calverley, 
of  York  and  Sussex.  They  are  described  by 
Burke,  and  by  Papworth  and  Morant  as 
Sable,  an  escutcheon  within  an  orle  of  owls 
argent.  The  crest  is  a  horned  owl,  and  the 
motto  "  Ex  caligine  veritas." 

H.  J.  B.  CLEMENTS. 

Killadoon,  Celbridge. 

H  IN  COCKNEY,  iTsE  OR  OMISSION  (10th  S. 
ii.  307,  351,  390).— In  two  old  editions  of 
The  Vicar  of  Wakefield  '  I  find  in  the  first 
chapter  "an  horse  of  small  value."  In  the 
second  chapter  of  the  older  of  these  editions 
I  find  "an  happy  sensibility  of  look"  and 
"an  husband."  But  in  the  later  of  these 
two  editions  are  "  a  happy  sensibility  of 
look"  and  'ka  husband."  Such  alterations 
may  have  been  made  frequently  in  reprint- 
ing old  books.  The  Bible,  however,  has  been 
untouched,  and  has  always  an  before  h. 

Many  years  have  passed  since  I  read 
Foote's  '  Mayor  of  Garratt,'  but  I  think  that 
Jerry  Sneak,  one  of  the  characters  in  the 
play,  is  a  cockney  who  misuses  the  aspirate. 
This  is  the  earliest  instance  of  the  cockney 
in  literature  that  I  remember  at  present. 
If  my  memory  is  serving  me  rightly,  the 
statement  that  "  the  dramatists  of  the  eigh- 
teenth century  do  not  make  game  of  the 
cockney's  h"  is  not  quite  accurate. 

E.  YARDLEY. 

In  the  old  Sussex  dialect  the  h  was  never 
pronounced.  It  was  rarely  inserted  where 
it  should  not  be,  except  as  an  intensitive. 


s.  ii.  DEC.  17,  loo*.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


491 


I  have  heard  it  used  with  a  most  ludicrous 
emphasis.  It  is  worthy  of  notice  that  not 
only  at  the  beginning  of  words  was  the  h 
omitted,  but  it  was  usually  wanting  in 
composition— th  being  generally  replaced  by 
d,  and  sometimes  sh  by  s  or  z.  Nowadays 
these  latter  peculiarities  have  disappeared, 
but  the  initial  aspirate  is  often  dropped. 

E.  E.  STREET. 
Chichester. 

In  Northumberland  and  on  Tyneside 
generally  the  h  is  never  misused.  A  few 
years  ago  a  pupil  -  teacher  at  one  of  the 
schools  in  this  town,  not  a  native,  dropped 
his  A's,  the  consequence  being  that  the  chil- 
dren under  him  adopted  the  objectionable 
habit.  A  bookseller  who  supplied  school- 
books  could  always  distinguish  the  children 
from  that  special  school  when  they  came  to 
his  shop.  R.  B— E. 

South  Shields. 

There  is  one  thing  with  reference  to  h 
which  puzzles  me  greatly.  As  in  many 
English  dialects  it  has  been  dropped  for 
centuries,  it  is  only  natural  that  all  those 
who,  owing  to  their  station  in  life,  speak 
them,  should  omit  the  aspirate.  So,  if 
cockneys  too  did  it,  there  were  nothing  to 
wonder  at.  It  would  not  even  be  astonishing 
if,  in  ^heir  struggle  to  imitate  the  well- 
educated,  they  should  promiscuously  drop 
their  A's,  and  put  them  where  there  ought 
to  be  none.  But  which  is  the  mysterious 
SaipovLov  that  enables  them  to  add,  with  the 
greatest  surety,  an  h  to  words  beginning 
with  a  vowel  ?  The  case  stands  thus  :  In  the 
mouth  of  a  cockney,  who  is  generally  reputed 
to  drop  the  A.'s,  this  sound  is  as  common  as 
in  that  of  any  well-bred  English  person,  only 
in  the  wrong  place,  but  without  confusion. 
To  me  it  is  a  riddle.  G.  KRUEGER. 

Berlin. 

"  FORTUNE  FAVOURS  FOOLS  "  (10th  S.  ii.  365). 
— The  following  quotations  seem  apposite  : — 
;t  '  Good  morrow,  fool,'  quoth  I.  '  No,  sir,'  quoth  he  ; 

*  Call  me  not  fool  till  heaven  hath  sent  me  fortune. ' 
'  As  You  Like  It,'  Act  II.  sc.  vii. 

"'Alluding  to  the  common  sayhig  [which  may 
be  traced  up  to  classical  antiquity]  that  fools  are 
Fortune*  favourites'  (Malone)."  —  Dyce's  '  Shake- 
speare' (3rd  ed.),  ix.  169. 

The  brackets,  with  the  matter  which  they 
enclose,  are  not  mine,  but  Dyce's. 

Malone's  *  Shakespeare '  (edition  of  1821), 
vi.  401,  gives  the  following  further  note  on 
the  passage  : — 

"  Fortuna  favet  fatuis  is,  as  Mr.  Upton  observes, 
the  saying  here  alluded  to ;  or,  as  in  Publius 
Syrus  :  Fortuna,  nimium  quern  fovet,  stultum  facit. 
So,  in  the  prologue  to  the  *  Alchemist '  :— 


Fortune,  that  favours  fooles,  these  t\vo  short  houres 
We  wish  away. 

Again,  in  *  Every  Man  out  of  his  Humour,'  Act  I. 
sc.  iii.  :— 

Sog.  Why,  who  am  I,  sir  ? 

Mac.  One  of  those  that  fortune  favours. 

Car.  The  periphrasis  of  a  foole. — Reed." 

In  Gifford's  'Ben  Jonson  '  (1816),  ii.  38,  the 
note  on  "  the  periphrasis  of  a  fool "  is  : — 

"According  to  the  Latin  adage,  Fortuna  favet 
fatuis.  So  in  '  Wily  Beguiled,' 

Sir,  you  may  see  that  fortune  is  your  friend. 

But  fortune  favours  fools. — Whal." 

"Fortuna  favet  fatuis  "  is  apparently  not 
given  in  Harbottle's  '  Dictionary  of  Quota- 
tions (Classical),'  1897,  but  I  find  there  : — 

"Fortuna  nimium  quern  fovet  stultum  facit. — 
Publilius  Syrus,  167. 

"  Fortune  makes  him  a  fool,  whom  she  makes  her 
darling.— -Bacon."— P.  73. 

*'  Stultum  facit  fortuna  quern  vult  perdere. — Pub- 
lilius Syrus,  479."— P.  279. 

The  proverb  under  discussion  does  not 
occur  in  Bacon's  essay  *  Of  Fortune ' 
(Essay  xl.),  but  Bacon  couples  folly  with 
fortune  twice  :— 

" Faber  quisque  fortunce  siue,  saith  the  poet.* 
And  the  most  frequent  of  external  causes  is,  that 
the  folly  of  one  man  is  the  fortune  of  another." 

"  And  certainly  there  be  not  two  more  fortunate 
properties,  than  to  have  a  little  of  the  fool,  and  nob 
too  much  of  the  honest." 

H.  C. 

In  the  second  edition  of  Ray's  '  Proverbs,' 
1678,  p.  141,  is  :— 

"  Fortune  favours  fools,  or  fools  have  the  best 
luck.  Fortuna  favet  fatuis.  It 's  but  equall, 
Nature  having  not  that  Fortune  should  do  so." 

w.  s. 

FLYING  BRIDGE  (10th  S.  ii.  406).— There 
is  a  ferry  on  the  system  described  at  the 
above  reference  in  daily  use  on  the  river 
Elbe,  not  far  from  Dresden,  which  takes 
passengers  to  and  from  the  railway  station 
of  Rathen  and  the  path  leading  up  to  Bastei 
on  the  other  side  of  the  river.  The  cable  or 
wire  rope  in  this  instance  is  buoyed  in  two 
or  three  places  between  the  spot  where  it  is 
anchored  in  mid-stream  and  the  boat. 

E.  A.  FRY. 

A  flying  bridge  answering  exactly  to  the 
description  quoted  by  L.  L.  K.  from  Voyle's 
'  Military  Dictionary '  has  been  in  operation 
for  very  many  years  at  Neuwied  on  the 
Rhine.  ALAN  STEWART. 

LUDOVICO  (10th  S.  ii.  288,  377).— Giorgio 
Vasari,  in  his  '  Lives  of  the  Painters,  Sculp- 


*  Appius,  in  'Sail.  deRepubl.  Ordin.,'  1  (Haver* 
camp's'Sallu8t,'1742,  ii.  156). 


402 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [10*  s.  11.  DEC.  17, 190*. 


tors,  and  Architects'  (translated  by  Mrs. 
Jonathan  Foster,  Bohn,  1852,  vol.  v.  p.  457), 
says  :— 

"I  have  heard  some  mention  of  a  certain  Lodo- 
vico,  a  Florentine  sculptor,  who,  as  I  am  told,  has 
produced  good  works  in  England,  and  at  Bari,  but 
as  I  know  nothing  of  his  kindred  or  family  name, 
and  have  not  seen  any  of  his  productions,  I  cannot 
(as  I  fain  would)  do  more  than  allude  to  him  by 
these  few  words." 

J.   HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

GALILEO  PORTRAIT  (10th  S.  ii.  426). — There 
is  a  portrait  of  Galileo  by  Sustermans  in  the 
Uffizi  Gallery,  Florence  ;  also,  I  believe,  one 
or  more  in  the  corridors  running  from  the 
Uffizi  to  the  Pitti.  At  the  Torre  di  Gallo, 
about  a  mile  from  the  Porta  Komana  (Flo- 
rence), which  Galileo  used  as  an  observatory, 
there  is  a  collection  of  portraits,  engraved 
and  otherwise,  in  the  museum  kept  by  the 
Government,  in  the  room  he  occupied  and 
which  leads  to  his  tower  observatory. 

HARRY  H.  PEACH. 

MR.  WATSON  should  compare  the  picture 
with  prints  such  as  he  would  find  at  the 
British  Museum,  &c.  There  is  a  fine  line 
engraving  of  the  astronomer  by  Cipriani 
after  Sustermans,  executed  about  1830  ;  also 
one  by  Ramsay  and  another  by  Vendersypon. 
A.  E.  WHITEHOUSE. 

49,  Knightsbridge,  S.W.    , 

In  the  Bodleian  Library  at  Oxford  there 
is  a  portrait  of  Galileo,  the  painter  of  which 
is,  I  believe,  unknown.  Inquiries  of  the 
librarian  would  doubtless  meet  with  atten- 
tion. EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

PRESCRIPTIONS  (10th  S.  i.  409,  453 ;  ii.  56, 
291,  355).-  DR.  EDWARD  NICHOLSON  gives  an 
ingenious  account  of  the  origin  of  the  symbol 
for  scruple,  but  he  founds  his  remarks"  upon 
the  assumption  that  the  scruple  and  gramma 
were  the  same,  giving,  however,  no  authority 
for  his  opinion.  In  my  communication  ante, 
£.  291,  the  word  feomys  should  have  been 
£eo-r?79,  an  error  I  perceived  too  late  to 
correct.  None  of  the  communications  at  the 
last  reference  appears  to  me  to  have  added 
anything  to  my  reply  just  mentioned.  The 
statement  of  PROF.  STRONG  that  "  surely  the 
word  drachma  is  derived  from  Spao-o-o/iou,  I 
grasp,"  merely  repeats  what  I  had  already 
said  CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

GOVERNOR  STEPHENSON  OF  BENGAL  (10th 
S.  ii.  348,  437).— Mr.  S.  0.  Hill's  'List  of 
Europeans  and  others  in  Bengal  at  the  Time 
of  the  Siege  of  Calcutta,  1756'  (Calcutta, 
Gov.  Press,  1902),  gives  at  p.  85  the  following 


information  about  the  Capt.  Francis  Stephen- 
son,  or  Stevenson,  who  was  in  the  Black 
Hole  :— 

"  Sea-captain.  Member  of  the  Court  of  Requests. 
Letter  appended  to  Public  Proceedings,  18th  Jan., 
1756.  Holwell  says  he  died  in  the  Black  Hole.  The 
Fulta  lists  say  that  he  was  a  seafaring  man  and 
killed  in  the  attack.  Orme  says  he  was  a  Free 
Merchant." 

A  Miss  Rosalie  Toumac,  whom  I  believe  to 
have  been  the  child  of  the  "  Mrs.  Toumac 
and  child  "  who  escaped  to  the  ships  in  Fulta, 
married  en  secondes  noces  a  Mr.  Stevenson 
(Christian  name  not  known),  whose  brothers 
were  Daniel  Stevenson,  a  merchant  at  Tran- 
quebar  (1754-1806),  and  Major-General  James 
Daniel  Stevenson,  a  friend  of  the  Duke  of 
Wellington's,  who  fought  at  Seringapatam, 
and  died  14  February,  1805.  Mrs.  Stevenson, 
nata  Toumac,  was  born  4  June,  1754,  and 
died  at  Tranquebar,  5  June,  1782.  Her  first 
husband  was  George  Frederick  Fischer,  a 
ship's  captain,  whose  sister  Wendela  (1730-61) 
became  the  first  wife  of  the  Rev.  J.  Z.  Kier- 
nander  (1710-99).  She  had  a  son  Edward 
William  Stevenson,  master  attendant  at 
Cuddalore  and  Porto  Novo  (1779-1823). 

JULIAN  COTTON. 
Palazzo  Arlotta,  Chiatamone,  Naples. 

'TRACTS  FOR  THE  TIMES'  (10th  S.  ii.  347, 
398,  452).— As  stated  at  the  last  reference, 
*  Whitaker's  Almanack  '  for  1883  contains  an 
article  on  the  *  Tracts,'  with  a  list  of  authors 
appended.  It  is  stated  "that  it  has  been 
found  impossible  to  obtain  a  complete  list  of 
the  writers  ;  even  the  venerable  Cardinal, 
their  editor,  is  unable  to  supply  all  the 
names."  The  writers  of  sixty-eight  of  the 
ninety  Tracts  are  given.  If  W.  G  H.  cannot 
obtain  the  list  himself,  I  shall  be  pleased  to 
forward  a  list  of  those  given  in  4  Whitaker,* 
or  can  send  him  a  copy  of  the  'Almanack.' 
ROLAND  AUSTIN. 

Public  Library,  Gloucester. 

PHILIP  D'AUVERGNE,  1754-1816  (10th  S.  ii. 
427).— According  to  the  *  Armorial  of  Jersey/ 
Philip  d'Auvergne,  Esq.,  of  the  branch  of 
St.  Ouen,  <Jersey>  married,  1758,  Jane, 
daughter  of  Edward  Ricard,  Esq.,  King's 
Receiver.  F.  E.  T. 

MRS.  ARKWRIGHT'S  SETTING  OF  *  THE 
PIRATE'S  FAREWELL'  (10th  S.  ii.  448).— The 
above  is  not  included  in  "Twelve  Popular 
Songs,  written  by  Mrs.  Hemans,  composed 
by  her  Sister,"  published  as  No.  102  of 
Chappell's  Musical  Magazine.  No.  29  of  the 
same  series  is  described  as  "Ten  Contralto 
Songs,  by  Mrs.  Arkwright,  the  Hon.  Mrs. 
Norton,  &c.,"  and  may  possibly  contain  the? 


ii.  DEC.  17, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


493 


'Farewell.'  From  a  short  biographical  notice 
in  the  first-named  number,  it  would  appear 
that  the  married  name  of  Mrs.  Hemans's  only 
sister  was  Gray.  W.  B.  H. 

THE  TENTH  SHEAF  (10th  S.  ii.  349,  454).— 
In  the  accounts  given  of  the  practice  of 
setting  out  tithe  the  most  important  point 
has  been  omitted.  The  setter-out,  beginning 
at  a  corner  of  the  field,  proceeded  down  one 
row  of  shocks,  and,  counting  the  shocks  as 
he  went,  stuck  a  branch  into  one  of  them 
chosen  by  him  (without  previous  arrange- 
ment), being  between  the  first  and  the  tenth  ; 
and  then  proceeded  up  and  down  the  lines  of 
shocks,  putting  a  branch  in  every  tenth 
shock,  counting  from  the  one  first  marked. 
The  object  was  to  prevent  a  fraud  on  the 
part  of  the  farmer,  who,  if  he  had  known 
which  shocks  would  be  marked,  might  have 
made  them  smaller  than  the  rest.  I  have 
frequently  heard  my  father  explain  the 
process.  He  had  often  been  employed,  when 
young,  to  set  out  tithe.  J.  F.  K. 

Godalming. 

HOLBORN  (10th  S.  ii.  308,  392,  457).—  PROF. 
SKEAT  misquotes  me  and  gives  my  words  a 
different  setting,  and  by  so  doing  uninten- 
tionally' misrepresents  my  meaning.  I  did 
not  say  that  "  hollowness  "  was  ''not  cha- 
racteristic of  words  connected  with  water"  — 
although  I  might  have  said  so  with  truth. 
I  said  that  hoi  occurs  in  *'  water-  words 
where  the  idea  of  hollowness  is  not  specially 
characteristic."  There  is  nothing  specially 
hollow  about  a  beach  or  a  ford  ;  and  the 
river  Hull  is  as  bankless  as  may  be.  On  the 
other  hand,  we  are  familiar  witli  Waterbeach, 
Waterford,  water-brook,  and  even  Waterland. 

W.  C.  B. 

"PROPALE"  (10th  S.  ii.  369).—  This  word  is 
included  in  the  Glossary  to  Sir  Walter  Scott's 
novels,  meaning  "to  publish  or  disclose." 
The  same  explanation  is  given  by  N.  Bailey, 
1759,  and  Dr.  Ash,  1775. 

EVERARD  HOME   COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 


1;  (10th  S.  ii.  348).  —  This  is  only 
a  form  of  island,  as  shown  and  explained  in 
the'NE.D.'  It  is  not  uncommon  in  place 
or  field  names.  There  is  a  Little  Isle  in 
Coreley  parish,  Shropshire  ;  and  Cream  Island 
adjoins  an  ancient  British  village  in  the 
parish  of  Sancreed,  Cornwall.  AYEAHR. 

I  dp  not  know  that  I  can  help  MR.  ARKLE 
in  this  matter.  I  may,  however,  point  out  as 
a  coincidence  at  least  that  the  Welsh  word 
for  an  island,  ynys,  which  is  the  Welsh 
form  of  insula,  means  not  only  an  island,  but 


also  a  low-lying  meadow.  A  meadow  on  the 
bank  of  the  Cynon,  close  to  which  I  am 
writing,  is  always  known  as  "  Yr  Ynys"  (the 
island).  Many  place-names  in  Wales  com- 
pounded with  Ynys  are  far  away  inland,  such 
as  Ynyshir  in  the  Khondda  Valley,  Ynyslas 
in  Cardiganshire,  and  others  that  might  be 
mentioned.  D.  M.  R. 

The  word  He  was  formerly  in  use  as  mean- 
ing an  ear  of  corn  (vide  Webster).     From  this 
fact  MR.  ARKLE  has  the  reply  to  his  query. 
CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Bradford. 

'THE  DEATH  OF  NELSON'  (10th  S.  ii.  405). 
—  Although  not  exactly  to  the  point,  it  may 
be  interesting  to  mention  that  in  my  musical 
library  is  an  oblong  folio  volume  containing 
a  collection  of  printed  and  MS.  glees  for 
three,  four,  and  five  voices,  by  various  eminent 
masters,  dating  from  1792  to  1809,  including 
one  for  four  voices  by  Stephen  Paxton,  undated 
(c.  1806),  originally  entitled  in  print  '  On  the 
Death  of  Major  Andre '  ("  This  Gained  a  Prize 
Medal  "),  but  slightly  altered,  apparently  in 
a  contemporary  hand,  to  4  On  the  Death  of 
the  ever  lamented  Lord  Nelson,'  and  made  to 
commence  : — 

Round  the  Gallant  the  Gallant  [sic]  Nelson's  Urn 
Be  the  Cyprus  foliage  spread, 
Fragrant  spice  profusely  burn, 
Honours  gratefull  to  the  dead. 

Further  on  the  word  "soldier's,"  as  printed, 
is  altered  to  "  sailor's."  W.  I.  R.  V. 

POEM  BY  H.  F.  LYTE  (10th  S.  ii.  327,  351).— 
Like  PROF.  LAUGHTON,  I  regret  that  the  old 
tune  to  '  The  Sailor's  Grave '  has  fallen  into 
desuetude,  for,  to  my  mind,  it  was  far  more 
characteristic  than  the  new  tune,  even  though 
the  latter  is  by  Sir  Arthur  Sullivan.  I  have 
the  old  tune  in  a  little  volume,  'Songs, 
Rounds,  and  Quartets,'  published  by  George 
Routledge  &  Sons  about  1869,  when  I  bought 
the  book.  The  words  are  there  attributed 
to  Lyte,  and  the  music  to  C.  H.  P.,  by  which 
I  understand  the  initials  of  C.  H.  Purday, 
though  whether  he  was  composer  of  the 
original  air,  or  only  responsible  for  the 
setting,  I  do  not  know.  W.  B.  H. 

The  words  of  the  poem  are  set  to  music  by 
Mrs.  H.  Shelton,  and  need  no  better  setting. 

J.  ASTLEY. 
Coventry. 

ALEXANDER  AND  R.  EDGAR  (10th  S.  ii. 
248,  352). — I  have  only  just  seen  the  inquiry 
for  information  about  the  Edgars  of  Bristol. 
If  G.  F.  R.  B.  can  get  to  the  Bristol 
Museum  Library,  he  will  find  in  the  Jeffries. 


494 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  DEC.  17, 1904. 


MSS.,  765/191  E,  a  stemma  of  the  Foy,  Cann, 
and  Edgar  families,  all  notable  in  Bristol  in 
the  eighteenth  century,  and  all  intermarried. 
For  my  own  purpose  I  extracted  thus  much : 

John  Foy  m.  Cath.  Cann,  in  or  before  1729 
Ann  Cann  Foy,  m.  Alex.  Edgar,  1760 

I 


John  Foy 
Edgar 


Alex.  Edgar,         Robt.  Cann  Edgar, 
ob.s.p.  ob  s.p. 

Alexander  Edgar,  the  son-in-law  of  Alderman 
John  Foy,  was  mayor  in  1788,  and  on  16  March 
of  that  year  invited  John  Wesley  to  preach  at 
the  Mayor's  Chapel  on  College  Green,  and 
afterwards  to  dine  with  him  at  the  Mansion 
House. 

Latimer,  '  Annals  of  Bristol,'  nineteenth 
century,  p.  26,  gives  some  account  of  John 
Foy  Edgar,  with  whom  the  name  and  fortune 
of  the  united  families  passed  away. 

H.  J.  FOSTER. 

WOMEN  VOTERS  IN  COUNTIES  AND  BOROUGHS 
(10th  S.  i.  327,  372).— If  it  is  not  too  late,  may 
I  refer  to  the  following  authority,  which  has 
not,  so  far  as  I  can  find,  been  mentioned  in 
'  N.  &  Q.'  ?  This  is  the  case  of  Chorlton  v. 
Lings,  in  the  '  Law  Reports,'  Common  Pleas, 
vol.  iv.  p.  374.  Supposed  instances  of  such 
women  voters  are  stated  and  discussed,  in 
the  arguments  by  Mr.  (afterwards  Lord  Chief 
Justice)  Coleridge  on  the  one  side,  and  Mr. 
(afterwards  Lord  Justice)  Mellish  on  the 
other,  and  in  the  judgments  of  Lord  Chief 
Justice  Bovill  and  Mr.  Justice  Byles.  I 
think  it  safe  to  conclude  that  all  instances 
worth  mentioning  were  brought  before  the 
court  on  this  occasion.  CLUNI. 

DUCHESS  SARAH  (10th  S.  ii.  149,  211,  257, 
372,  413).— The  reference  in  Burke's  '  Peerage,' 
1879  edition,  respecting  the  age  at,  and  year 
of,  death  of  John,  Marquis  of  Blandford,  is 
incorrect. 

In  Burke's  *  Peerage,'  1897  edition,  the  error 
as  to  age  was  practically  admitted,  for  at 
p.  977  it  is  properly  given  as  seventeen  (see 
Mrs.  Thomson's  '  Memoirs  of  Sarah,  Duchess 
of  Maryborough,'  i.  414),  but  the  year  of  his 
•decease  is  still  inaccurately  stated  as  1702/3. 

Smallpox  was  raging  in  Cambridge  in  the 
summer  of  1703,  but  it  was  not  until  the 
following  January  that  the  young  lord,  who 
was  the  eldest  son  though  third  child  of 
Duchess  Sarah,  being  born  in  1686  (see  Mrs. 
Colville's  'Duchess  Sarah,'  p.  59),  was 
attacked.  He  succumbed  to  the  malady  on 
the  morning  of  Saturday,  20  February,  1703/4 
(see  p.  422  of  vol.  i.  of  the  first-named,  and 
p.  141  of  the  last-mentioned  work),  and  was 


interred,  as  stated  by  MR.  PICKFORD,  in  King's 
College  Chapel,  Cambridge. 

FRANCIS  H.  HELTON. 
9,  Broughton  Road,  Thornton  Heath. 

It  is  certainly  rather  misleading,  though 
legally  correct,  for  Burke's  'Peerage'  of  1879 
to  describe  the  Marquess  of  Blandford  as 
dying  in  infancy  of  the  smallpox  when  he 
was  sixteen  years  of  age.  Another  rather 
misleading  statement  occurring  elsewhere  is 
o.s.p.,  applied  to  little  children. 

The  following  extracts  from  '  Esmond/ 
though  not  cited  as  authoritative,  may  prove 
illustrative,  for  Thackeray  had  made  the 
days  of  Queen  Anne  his  special  study  : — 

"  The  young  Marquis  of  Blandford,  his  Grace's 
son,  who  had  been  entered  in  King's  College,  in 

Cambridge had  been  seized  with  smallpox,  and 

was  dead  at  sixteen  years  of  age." — Chap,  ix.,  'I 
make  the  Campaign  of  1704.' 

"  His  Grace  joined  the  army  in  deep  grief  of 
mind  with  crape  on  his  sleeve,  arid  his  household 
in  mourning." — Chap.  ix. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 
Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

DENNY  FAMILY  (10th  S.  ii.  288).— Would 
any  of  the  following  prints  be  of  any  assist- 
ance 1 

Sir  Anthony  Denny,  educated  at  St.  Paul's 
School,  benefactor  to  Sedbergh,  died  1549; 
four  engravings  of  this  man  by  Harding, 
Hollar,  Holbein,  and  Picart. 

Sir  John  Maynard,  Serjeant  at-Law,  1653. 
A.  E.  WHITEHOUSE. 

49,  Knightsbridge,  S.W. 

The  following  list  of  old-time  clergymen  of 
this  name  may  help  the  researches  of  MR. 
DENNY. 

Richard  Denny,  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin, 
B.A.  1836,  was  vicar  of  Ingleton,  Yorkshire, 
in  1844. 

Richard  Cooke  Denny,  of  Trinity  College, 
Oxford,  B.A.  1839,  was  vicar  of  Norton  Sub- 
course,  Norfolk,  1851. 

Robert  Denny,  of  Worcester  College,  Oxford, 
B.A.  1824,  was  vicar  of  Shidfield,  Hants,  1842. 
CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Baltimore,  House,  Bradford. 

"CHARACTER  is  FATE"  (10th  S.  ii.  426).— In 
'Our  Daily  Faults  and  Failings  '  (an  Address 
by  Joseph  Kaines,  21  October,  1883,  London, 
Reeves  &  Turner),  on  p.  9,  are  the  words, 
"Habits  form  character,  and  character  is 
destiny."  That  this  was  original  with  Kaines 
(whom  I  knew),  I  feel  no  doubt.  FIEF. 

MARKHAM'S  SPELLING-BOOK  (10th  S.  ii.  327, 
377).  —  'An  Introduction  to  Spelling  and 
Reading,'  by  Wm.  Markham,  schoolmaster, 
appeared  in  a  fifth  edition  in  1738,  and  con- 


io*s.  ii.  DEC.  17.19M.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


495 


tinned  in  print  till  1867,  as  improved.  The 
archbishop  of  the  same  name  was  born  in 
1720;  so,  allowing  five  years  for  a  first  edition, 
he  would,  aged  thirteen  in  1733,  be  out  of 
•date  for  this  publication.  P.  N.  R. 

"STOB"  (10th  S.  ii.  409).— The  mention  of 
"  Stobhill  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Newbattle 
Abbey "  reminds  me  of  Olivestob,  the  old 
name  of  an  estate  in  Haddingtonshire  (see 
10th  S.  i.  201).  The  origin  of  this  name  has 
been  the  subject  of  many  conjectures,  none 
of  them  satisfactory.  It  has  been  generally 
admitted  that  "Olive"  is  a  corruption  of 
**  Holy."  Some  writers  have  said  that  "stob" 
is  a  corruption  of  the  word  "  step  " — a  step 
to  a  holy  spot  of  some  kind ;  other  writers 
have  said  that  it  is  a  corruption  of  the  word 
"  stop  " — a  stopping-place  for  religious  pro- 
cessions carrying  the  Host  from  or  to  New- 
battle  Abbey,  a  few  miles  off.  I  find  among 
some  old  notes  of  mine  that  in  a  work  dated 
1687  mention  is  made  of  "  the  lands  of  Holie- 
stob,  now  vulgo  Olivestobe."  The  name  may 
have  been  derived  from  some  sacred  enclo- 
sure. .  W.  S. 

For  "  stob  "  and  ':  stob  and  staik,"  see  3rd  S. 
iy.  Ill ;  5th  S.  iv.  147.  Halliwell,  in  his  '  Dic- 
tionary of  Provincialisms,'  defines  "stob"  to 
mean 

"A  small  post.  The  gibbet  post  of  the  notorious 
Andrew  Mills,  in  the  bishopric  of  Durham,  was 
called  Andrew  Mills  Stob.  To  stob  out,  to  demand 
or  portion  out  land  by  stobs.  It  is  also  used  in 
reference  to  spines  or  thorns  that  have  pierced  the 
flesh." 

EVERARD   HOME   COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

In  Northumberland,  near  Morpeth,  there  is 
"  Stobhill,"  and  in  Durham  co.,  near  Corn- 
forth,  is  Stob  Cross.  On  the  moors  above 
Elsdon,  in  Northumberland,  there  is  a  gibbet 
known  as  "  Winter's  Stob,"  from  the  name  of 
the  man  who  was  suspended  on  it  about  the 
end  of  the  eighteenth  century  for  murder. 
There  may  be  other  places,  but  these  are  all 
I  remember  at  the  moment.  R.  B— R. 

S.  Shields. 

The  Government  recently  bought  the  estate 
of  Stobs,  three  miles  from  this  place,  for 
military  purposes.  "  Stobitcote  "  is  the  name 
of  a  cottage  in  this  neighbourhood. 

W.  E.  WILSON. 

Hawick. 

CRICKLEWOOD  (10th  S.  ii.  408,  476).— I  am 
•obliged  to  Q.  V.  for  his  early  references  to 
Oicklewood.  Mr.  C.  W.  C.  Oman,  of  All 
Souls'  College,  has  kindly  supplied  me  with 
the  spelling  "  Crykyll  Wood"  in  December, 
1510.  It  is  evident  from  this  that  the  name 


is  not  derived  from  Chichele,  for  that  arch- 
bishop's fame  must  c.  1500  have  been  well  in 
mind  of  even  the  local  people,  to  say  nothing 
of  those  who  made  records  of  the  college 
estates.  The  fact  that  his  name  should 
have  been  recently  selected  for  a  new  road 
adjoining,  or  upon,  the  lands  settled  on  his 
foundation  must  be  considered  sufficient  to 
keep  ever  green  his  memory  in  the  district. 
FRED.  HITCHIN-KEMP. 
6,  Beechfield  Road,  Catford,  S.E. 

Halliwell,  'Archaic  Diet.,'  quotes  "crickle" 
as  bend,  stoop,  a  variant  of  "  crooked."  Would 
it  represent  what  is  elsewhere  termed  a 
"hanging"  wood1?  or  is  it  from  the  crow, 


ngmg 
like  Rook  wood  ] 


A.  H. 


GWILLIM'S  'DISPLAY  OF  HERALDRIE'  (10th 
S.  ii.  328,  416).— Few  things  are  more 
popular  than  theories  which  suggest  that  a 
man  was  not  the  true  author  of  the  books 
published  under  his  name;  but,  before 
credence  is  given  to  such  theories,  the 
grounds  upon  which  they  are  based  ought 
to  be  most  rigorously  examined.  The  sug- 
gestion that  Barkham,  and  not  Gwillim, 
compiled  the  'Display'  was,  I  submit, 
demolished  by  Bliss  in  his  edition  of  Wood's 
4  Athense  Oxonienses,'  ii.  297-9.  See  also  the 
'D.N.B.,'  xxiii.  330.  In  his  'Preface'  to  the 
*  Display,'  as  reprinted  in  the  edition  of  1724, 
Gwillim  speaks  of  his  "long  and  difficult 
labour  "  over  the  book ;  and  he  apparently 
took  fourteen  years  to  complete  it.  See  Bliss 
(loc.  cit.).  Has  l'  the  original  MS.  wrote  with 
Mr.  Guillim's  own  hand,"  which  Ballard  had 
before  him  when  he  communicated  with  Dr. 
Rawlinson  (see  Bliss),  been  lost  irretriev- 
ably 1  H.  C. 

I  find  that  the  'Diet.  Nat.  Biog.'  in  the 
articles  on  Guillim  and  John  Barkham  dis- 
cusses the  question  whether  the  latter  was 
the  real  author  of  the  '  Display.'  The  conclu- 
sion it  comes  to  is  that  the  contention  is  not 
made  out,  but  that  Barkham,  in  all  proba- 
bility, merely  supplied  Guillim  with  some 
notes  for  his  work.  T.  F.  D. 

"MOCASSIN":  ITS  PRONUNCIATION  (10th  S 
ii.  225).— Amongst  huntsmen  in  Virginia,  and 
I  think  in  the  Southern  States  generally,  the 
pronunciation  mocassin  universally  prevails, 
whether  applied  to  the  snake  of  that  name 
or  to  the  shoes  of  deerskin  called  after  it. 
As  the  ancestors  of  these  huntsmen  mu^t, 
have  learned  the  word  from  the  Southern 
Algonquins,  it  was  in  all  probability  pro- 
nounced so  by  them.  Nowhere  in  the  States 
have  I  ever  heard  the  word  pronounced 


496 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       cio*  s.  n.  DEC.  17, 1901. 


any  other  way  than  with  the  accent  on  the 

first  syllable. 

An  old   farming  rime  I   met   with    in    a 

Virginian    farmhouse    account-book    of    the 

middle  of  the  eighteenth  century  says  :— 
Take  heed  to  your  Oxen, 
Lest  they  tread  on  a  Mockasin,  &c. 

And  the  same  pronunciation,  and  not 
unusually  the  same  spelling,  prevail  there 
to-day,  or  did  so  a  few  years  ago. 

FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 

BREWER'S  'LOVESICK  KING'  (10th  S.  ii.  409). 
— Cartismandua,  Queen  of  the  Brigantes  in 
Britain,  betrayed  Caractacus  to  the  Romans 
A.D.  50  ;  see  Tacitus,  '  Ann.,'  xii.  36. 

The  first  Mayor  of  Newcastle  was  Peter 
Scot,  1251.  Roger  Thornton  was  Mayor  in 
1400  and  1401.  He  died  3  January,  1429. 
The  brass  plate  formerly  on  his  tomb  in  the 
old  church  of  All  Saints  (destroyed  in  1786) 
is  preserved  in  the  vestibule  of  the  new 
church,  and  he  is  thereon  described  as  "  mer- 
cator"  (Mackenzie's  'Newcastle,'  pp.  298,  312, 
612).  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

[ME.  A.  HALL  also  refers  to  Tacitus.] 

LONDON  CEMETERIES  IN  1860  (10th  S.  ii.  169, 296, 
393).— G.  A.  Walker,  in  his  '  Gatherings  from 
Grave  Yards,  Particularly  those  of  London,' 
published  by  Longman  in  1839,  says  that  the 
burial-ground  at  Stepney  adjoins  the  church. 
Mr.  Walker,  who  was  a  surgeon,  gave  evidence 
in  favour  of  extra-mural  burial  before  the 
Parliamentary  Select  Committee  on  the 
Health  of  Towns  in  1840.  The  Common 
Council  of  the  City  of  London  took  up  the 
subject  in  the  following  year. 

W.  H.  W-N. 

Would  not  one  of  the  following  works 
possibly  help  to  locate  the  cemetery  in  White 
Horse  Lane :  'Two  Centuries  of  Stepney 
History  '  and  'Memorials  of  Stepney  Parish, 
both  by  Walter  Howard  Frere ;  and  Mrs. 
Basil  Holmes's  valuable  book  '  The  London 
Burial-Grounds,'  1896  ? 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMICHAEL. 

PARAGRAPH  MARK  (10th  S.  ii.  449).— The  old 
name  for^  a  paragraph-mark  was  paragraph 
(Gk.  7rapay/oa</)os).  The  paragraph  itself  re 
presents  the  Gk.  7rapaypa</>ry.  As  English  hac 
discarded  its  genders,  the  two  words  coincided 
Hence  it  might  be  well  to  use  paragraph 
mark,  though  it  is  not  a  common  word. 

Another  name  was  paraf,  from  the  French  , 
later  spelt  paraph.     See  the  '  New  English 
Dictionary  '  (neglected   as  ever)  under   th 
headings  paragraph  and  paraph,  where  th 
old  and  later  forms  of  the  marks  are  dul 
given.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT.  ' 


COUNTESS    OF   CARBERY  (10th  S.  ii.  248).— 
he  passage  referred  to  is  about  eight-ninths 
hrough   Taylor's  Funeral    Sermon    on    the 
jady  Frances,  Countess  of  Carbery,  No.  viii. 
n  his   *  AEKA2  EMBOAIMAI02,  a  Supple- 
ment to  the  ENIAYTO2 '  p.  170,  ed.  1667  :— 
Or  rather  (as   one   said  of  Cato)  sic  abiite 
ita  ut  causam  moriendi  nactam  se  esse  gauderet, 
he  dyed,   as   if  she  had   been  glad  of  the 
opportunity."     "One"  is  Cicero,  the  Latin 
uotation   being  taken,   with   the  necessary 
hange    of    nactam    for    nactum,    from    the 
Tusculari  Disputations,'  bk  i.  30,  74. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 

"  SARUM  "  (10th  S.  ii.  445).— Will  Q.  V.  kindly 
explain  his  note  ?  For  my  part,  I  should  have 

10  doubt  that  a  fourteenth-century  scribe 
who  wrote  ecclesiar'  would  mean  "  ecclesia- 
rum";  and  lam  under  the  "delusion,"  if  it 

s  one,  that  if  he  wrote  Sar*,  he  would  mean 

'  Sarum."  In  any  case,  what  does  the  couplet 
quoted  by  Q.  V.  prove  1  I  suspect,  by  the 
way,  that  we  should  read  vices,  not  vires,  as 

;he  second  word  of  the  first  line. 

S.  G.  HAMILTON. 

GENEALOGY  IN  DUMAS  (10th  S.  ii.  427).— 
There  can  be  no  doubt  on  this  point.  Athos 
was  the  father  of  the  Vicomte  de  Bragelonne ; 
Madame  de  Chevreuse,  the  Marie  Michon  of 
'  Les  Trois  Mousquetaires,'  was  his  mother. 
This  is  clearly  shown  in  chap.  xxii.  vol.  i.  of 
'Vingt  Ans  Apres,'  headed  'Une  Aventure 
de  Marie  Michon. J  It  is  necessary  to  read 
the  whole  chapter,  but  in  one  place  (p.  232) 
Madame  de  Chevreuse,  referring  to  the 
Vicomte,  says,  "II  est  la,  mon  fils,  le  fils  de 
Marie  Michon  est  la !  "  My  references  are  to 
the  Calmann-Levy  edition  of  Dumas's  works. 
LANCE.  H.  HUGHES. 

[MR.  H.  A.  SPURR  also  refers  to  'Vingt  Ans 
Apres,'  and  adds  that  the  passage  is  omitted  in 
ordinary  translations.] 

Louis  XIV.'s  HEART  (10th  S.  ii.  346).— 
I  believe  the  story  about  the  eating  of 
Louis  XIV.'s  heart  is  authentic.  I  have  in 
my  library  an  account  of  the  matter,  but  I 
have  misplaced  the  book,  and  have  been 
unable  to  find  it.  Hartshorne's  'Enshrined 
Hearts  of  Warriors  and  Illustrious  People7 
(published  in  England  a  few  years  ago)  gives 
much  material  of  the  kind  suggested  by  your 
querist.  There  is  also  much  in  the  same  line 
in  my  book,  'Last  Words  of  Distinguished 
Men  and  Women,'  published  by  Fleming  H. 
Revell  Co.,  New  York,  1901.  In  the  latter 
work'(p.  205,  note)  is  a  short  account  of  the 
narrow  escape  of  the  heart  of  Napoleon  I. 
It  was  extracted  for  preservation  very  soon 
after  the  death  at  St.  Helena.  The  physician 


io<»  s.  ii.  DEC.  17, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


497 


•who  had  charge  of  the  heart  discovered  in  the 
night  an  enormous  rat  dragging  it  to  a  hole. 
In  a  few  moments,  had  the  physician  not 
awakened,  the  heart  of  the  great  soldier 
would  have  been  consumed  by  rats. 

I  do  not  think  the  swallowing  of  the  heart 
of  Louis  XIV.  was  due  to  the  decay  of  Dean 
Buckland's  mind.  The  dean  was  always 
eccentric  and  absent-minded.  He  either  put 
the  heart  into  his  mouth  playfully  with- 
out intending  to  swallow  it,  or  he  took  it 
inadvertently.  He  was  at  the  dinner-table 
with  some  friends  when  the  heart  was  passed 
around  for  inspection.  It  is  not  unlikely 
that  he  thoughtlessly  put  it  into  his  mouth 
with  the  food  that  he  was  at  the  time  eating. 
The  heart  was  dry  and  shrivelled,  and  could 
not  have  been  much  larger  than  a  common 
plum.  There  are  a  number  of  instances 
recorded  in  which  the  human  heart  has  been 
•swallowed,  by  mistake  or  otherwise.  The 
heart  of  Ralph,  Lord  de  Coucy,  was  eaten  by 
his  dear  lady.  In  the  '  Decameron  '  (Fourth 
Day,  Novel  ix.)  is  the  tale  of  Gulielmo  Rossi- 
glione,  who  gave  his  wife  the  heart  of  her 
lover,  disguised  as  a  boar's  heart.  Thus  she 
became  "  the  living  tomb  of  the  dear  heart 
she  loved  so  well." 

FREDERIC  ROWLAND  MARVIN. 

537,  Western  Av.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

THE  PELICAN  MYTH  (10th  S.  ii.  267,  310, 
429). — Readers  who  are  interested  in  this 
subject  may  like  to  be  reminded  of  Charles 
Waterton's  opinion  thereon.  He  was  asked 
by  an  Englishman  whether  he  believed  that 
pelicans  feed  their  young  with  blood  from 
their  own  breasts.  He  writes  :  — 

"  I  answered  that  it  was  a  nursery  story.  '  Then, 
«ir,'  said  he,  '  let  me  tell  you  that  I  do  believe 
it.'  A  person  of  excellent  character  and  who  had 
travelled  in  Africa  had  assured  him  that  it  was  a 
well-known  fact.  Nay,  he  himself  with  his  own 
•eyes  had  seen  young  pelicans  feeding  on  their 
mother's  blood.  '  And  how  did  she  staunch  the 
blood,'  said  I, '  when  the  young  had  finished  sucking? 
-or  by  what  means  did  the  mother  get  a  fresh  supply 
for  future  meals?'  The  gentleman  looked  grave. 
*  The  whole  mystery,  sir,'  said  1  (and  which  in  fact  is 
•no  mystery  at  all),  'is  simply  this  The  old  pelicans 
go  to  sea  for  fish,  and  having  filled  their  large  pouch 
with  what  they  have  caught,  they  return  to  the 
aiest.  There  standing  bolt  upright,  the  young  ones 
press  up  to  them  and  get  their  breakfast  from  the 
mother's  mouth  ;  the  blood  of  the  captured  fishes 
running  down  upon  the  parent's  breast :  this  is  all 
the  keen  observer  saw.:  'Tis,  indeed,  a  wonder,  a 
strange  wonder,  how  such  a  tale  as  this  could  ever 
be  believed.  Still  we  see  representations  of  it  in 
pictures  drawn  by  men  of  science.  But  enough  of 
infant  pelicans  sucking  their  mamma  in  the  nursery. 
I  consign  them  to  the  fostering  care  of  my  great- 
grandmother." — '  Essays  on  Natural  History,'  Third 
Series,  p.  26. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &o. 

Memorials  of  a  Warwickshire  Parish.    By  Robert 

Hudson.    (Methuen  &  Co.) 

THIS  handsome  and  well-printed  volume,  of  which 
only  a  limited  number  of  copies  are  available,  is 
of  high  interest,  and  deserves  special  notice,  not 
only  for  its  general  merits,  but  also  as  being 
the  kind  of  thing  which  might  profitably  be  at- 
tempted by  many  who  waste  their  time  on  imagi- 
native literature  for  which  they  are  wholly  unfit. 
For  this  book  is  an  outline,  founded  on  an  excep- 
tional collection  of  registers  and  other  documents 
from  circa  1190  to  our  own  times,  of  the  history  of 
the  parish  of  Lapworth  in  the  Forest  of  Arden,  a 
spot  which  recalls  Shakespeare  much  more  delight- 
fully than  the  average  commentator.  Warwick- 
shire, perhaps  from  its  central  position  in  the  very 
heart  of  England,  far  from  the  vivifying  influence 
of  the  seaboard,  has  kept  itself  unusually  uncon- 
taminated  by  modern  manners  and  customs,  and 
it  is  just  these  survivals  of  old  culture  on  which 
the  book  throws  so  interesting  a  light,  while  it 
gives  glimpses  of  the  history  common  to  all  England. 
Old  names  have  lived  on  in  Lapworth  for  centuries, 
and  Mr.  Hudson  has  traced  them  ably  in  the  often 
mutilated  designations  of  fields  and  farms  now 
used.  An  appendix,  which  seems  to  us  an  excel- 
lent idea,  provides  a  survey  over  three  hundred 
years  of  family  names  which  have  flourished 
in  the  parish,  and  another  of  pre-Reformation 
names.  Such  lists  will  appeal  to  all  who  were  born 
and  bred  in  some  village,  and  have  learnt  to  know 
its  inhabitants  as  the  man  in  the  town  never  knows 
his  neighbours  and  his  tradesmen.  It  is  ill-con- 
sidered, town-bred  ignorance  which  protests  that 
Shakespeare  could  gain  no  knowledge  at  Stratford. 
On  the  contrary,  he  gained,  we  doubt  not,  much 
which  is  now  the  world's  eternal  and  inestimable 
treasure  by  human  intercourse  such  as  even  a 
Charles  Lamb  could  not  secure  in  cities. 

Mr.  Hudson,  who  died  in  1898,  lived  for  nearly 
forty  years  in  Lapworth,  and  his  deep  interest  in 
its  history  has  produced  excellent  results.  He  was 
far  more  accomplished  than  the  average  local 
historian,  a  capable  Latin  scholar,  and  an  eager 
student  of  early  institutions.  His  notes  are  always 
sound  and  modest,  and  the  fact  that  the  book  is 
founded  on  lectures  delivered  to  fellow-parishioners 
has  given  it  a  simplicity  of  style  which  is  a  charm 
to  the  educated  reader.  Apt  mottoes  from  Shake- 
speare head  the  chapters,  and  we  find  various  forms 
of  his  name  as  well  as  several  Slys  in  the  registers. 
There  are  also  Catesbys  and  Lucys  of  historic  note. 
The  parish  charities  have  led  to  the  preservation 
of  a  good  many  documents  which  illumine  the 
history,  but  we  hope  that  the  heartburnings  of 
the  Elizabethan  age  have  not  been  repeated  in 
modern  times,  though  that  is  our  experience  of 
similar  benefactions  in  Warwickshire  villages.  The 
church  of  Lapworth  is  fine,  though  rather  incon- 
siderately restored  by  G.  E.  Street  in  1860  and 
1873;  and  it  is  clear  that  the  holders  of  the  living 
were  men  above  the  average,  being  mostly  fellows 
of  Merton  College,  Oxford.  They  had  not  all, 
unfortunately,  Mr.  Hudson's  zeal  for  their  parish 
history. 

A  facsimile  is  provided  of  a  parchment  over  seven 
hundred  years  old,  and  Mr.  Hudson  is  justly  proud 
of  the  records  which  yielded  up  their  secrets  to  his 


498 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      do*  s.  n.  DEC.  17,  im 


diligence.  A  few  extracts  from  these  will  show  the 
interest  of  the  volume.  The  crest  of  Sir  John  in 
the  Lone,  chaplain  (1343-9),  is  reproduced  in  an 
illustration,  and  contains  what  is  said  to  be  the 
device  of  an  ass  under  a  tree,  used  to  typify  "  the 
Good  Samaritan."  A  Latin  translation  of  "  in  the 
Lone"  does  not  appear,  but  it  looks  as  if  the  said 
John  might  have  regarded  himself  as  a  preacher  "  in 
deserto,"  like  John  the  Baptist,  and  taken  a  lamb 
for  his  crest  in  consequence.  The  animal  as  figured 
looks  almost  as  much  like  that  as  like  an  ass.  Mr. 
Hudson  is  undoubtedly  right  in  saying  that  the 
first  letter  of  "ye"="  the"  represents  the  "  thorn" 
Saxon  letter ;  in  fact,  the  "  y  "  is  in  form  a  mutilated 
copy  of  it. 

The  vagaries  of  early  spelling  are  shown  in  the 
will  of  Roger  Slye  (1527),  which  has  words  like 
"  sofyshantely."  One  of  its  bequests  is  "  a  namblyng 
horse  foole  of  a  yere  of  ayge,"  to  the  widow  of  the 
second  Sir  Thomas  Lucy  of  Charlecote.  A  deed 
concerning  the  hire  of  a  parish  cow,  printed  in 
facsimile,  has  already  been  printed  in  our  own 
columns  (6  May,  1894).  In  the  first  line  the  Latin 
"  Willus "  should  be  "Willm,"  the  accusative  of 
the  word,  which  may  be  seen  written  similarly  as 
the  English  nominative  (William)  in  the  English 
continuation  below.  Numerous  complaints  in  1615 
as  to  the  behaviour  of  one  William  Askew,  a  feoffee 
of  the  parish,  contain  some  odd  terms  which  need 
explanation.  Perhaps  "psell  of"  (p.  122)  means 
"  (part  and)  parcel  of."  In  1564  the  first  entry  of  a 
Shakespeare  in  the  registers  occurs.  In  1593  "  Jone 

Grene going  abroad,  died  in  childbirth,  &  was 

buried."  "Going  abroad"  is  suggested  to  mean 
"  on  the  tramp."  But  it  might  mean  only  "  leaving 
the  village,"  as  in  this  district  we  have  heard  the 
word  "furriner,"  "foreigner,"  often  applied  to  any 
one  not  of  the  parish  of  the  speaker.  "A  Traveller  " 
recorded  here  (p.  190),  and  seen  by  us  in  other 
registers,  undoubtedly  means  what  we  now  call  a 
tramp.  "  Jocosa,"  a  feminine  name  recorded  in 
1617,  is,  we  presume,  a  Latinization  of  "  Joyce."  An 
entry  of  1661  throws  some  light  on  the  marriage  of 
Dr.  Johnson's  mother.  The  eighteenth  is  the  century 
for  compliment,  and  a  rector  of  the  parish  ascribes 
to  a  lady  patron  the  affluence  of  Dives  and  the 
piety  of  Lazarus.  At  the  beginning  of  the  nine- 
teenth century  we  find  reference  to  the  instruments 
played  in  church  by  a  select  band  in  the  gallery. 
In  1820  the  Overseers'  accounts  show  a  great  deal 
for  "Ale  and  Tobacco";  the  former  works  out, 
Mr.  Hudson  notes,  at  two  and  a  half  gallons  per 
man  at  one  meeting  ! 

History  everywhere  tells,  alas  !  of  the  failure  of 
the  village  aristocracy.  Old  reputations  are  as 
desolate  as  the  walls  of  Balaclutha,  and  there  must 
be  many  a  Durberville  working  on  the  land.  We 
notice  with  regret,  but  not  surprise,  the  statement 
that  there  is  not  now  in  Lapworth  "one  single  land- 
owner whose  family  record  here  goes  back  a  century, 
while  of  the  labouring  class  we  have  several  who 
bear  names— and  those  not  common  names— which 
have  appeared  steadily  and  without  intermission 
in  the  parish  register  for  well-nigh  the  whole  time 
of  its  existence." 

There  is  all  the  more  reason  to  recall  such  names, 
and  the  history  they  made,  before  modern  education 
and  town  ideals  have  swept  away  all  the  old  human 
lore  of  the  countryside.  Mr.  Hudson  has  raised  the 
best  of  monuments  to  his  own  memory,  and  we 
hope  that  his  book  will  persuade  others  to  recover 
and  publish  the  history  of  the  places  where  they 


were  born  and  bred,  if  only  in  gratitude  for  the 
pleasures  they  have  found  there.  Such  work  is  not 
easy ;  it  needs  more  endowments  than,  say,  fox- 
hunting. But  if  it  is  as  well  done  as  it  is  here,  it 
will  outlast  a  good  many  belauded  books  of  gossip 
and  fiction. 

The,  Plays  of  Shakespeare.— A  Midsummer  Night' 9 
Dream  ;  The  Comedy  of  Errors  ;  The  Tivo  Gentle- 
men of  Verona  ;  King  Henry  VIII.  ;  Measure  for 
Measure  ;  Venus  and  Adonis;  Lucrece;  Sonnets. 
(Heinemann.) 

WITH  these  eight  volumes  the  marvellously  cheap- 
edition  of  Shakespeare,  in  volumes  each  containing 
a  single  play,  issued  by  Mr.  Heinemann,  to  which 
we  have  frequently  drawn  attention,  is  completed.. 
The  "Favourite  Classics,"  as  it  is  called,  deserves 
to  enjoy  an  immense  popularity.  Each  of  the- 
volumes,  whether  plays  or  poems,  has  an  intro- 
duction by  Dr.  Brandes,  and  each  has  an  interesting: 
illustration.  The  '  Midsummer  Night's  Dream '  pre- 
sents Mrs.  Tree  as  Titania  and  Miss  Julia  Neifson 
as  Oberon,  from  the  recent  performance  at  His- 
Majesty's.  John  Dunstall,  an  eighteenth-century 
actor,  unmentioned  in  the  'D.N.B.,'  who  played  at 
Goodman's  Fields  and  Covent  Garden,  is  shown  as 
Dromio.  Dunstall  acted  Drpmio  at  the  latter  house 
for  a  single  occasion,  24  April,  1762.  This,  however, 
was  in  an  alteration  of  Shakespeare's  play  called 
'  The  Twins,'  by  Thomas  Hall,  for  whose  benefit  the 
representation  was  given.  Quick  stands  for  Launce 
in  '  The  Two  Gentlemen  of  Verona.'  This  part  he 
acted  for  his  benefit  at  Covent  Garden,  13  April, 
1784.  'King  Henry  VIII.'  has  a  plate  of  a  full 
scene,  with  Mrs.  Siddons  as  Queen  Katharine  and 
Harris  as  Wolsey.  Mrs.  Siddons  first  acted  Katha- 
rine at  Drury  Lane,  25  Nov.,  1788,  having  previously 
been  seen  in  the  part  in  Bath.  Bensley  was  Wol- 
sey. When  Harris  played  Wolsey  we  know  not. 
'Measure  for  Measure'  shows  Listen  as  Pompey. 
1  Venus  and  Adonis,'  with  which  is  *  The  Passionate 
Pilgrim,'  has  a  portrait  of  Herbert,  Earl  of  Pem- 
broke, after  My  tens.  'Lucrece'  reproduces  the 
Droeshout  portrait,  reduced;  and  the  'Sonnets' 
have  a  portrait  of  the  Earl  of  Southampton,  after 
Mirevelt. 


The  Cathedral   Church   of  St.  Asaph. 
Ironside  Bax.     (Bell  &  Sons.) 


By  B.  P; 


A  HISTORY  of  the  Cathedral  Church  of  St.  Asapb 
is  the  latest  addition  to  Bell's  "  Cathedral  Series," 
which,  as  regards  our  home  edifices,  must  be  rapidly 
approaching  completion.  Though  one  of  the 
smallest— perhaps  the  smallest— the  Cathedral  of 
St.  Asaph,  or  of  Llanelwy=church  upon  the  Elwy, 
is  not  without  interest.  It  is  at  least  entitled  to  a. 
place  in  the  series.  Mr.  Bax's  history  is  founded 
on  a  monograph  by  him  issued  in  1896.  It  is- 
capitally  illustrated,  and  is  well  worthy  of  the- 
place  assigned  it. 


BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUES. 

MR.  B.  H.  BLACKWELL,  of  Oxford,  has  issued  a 
catalogue  of  the  first  portion  of  the  library  of  the 
late  Prof.  F.  York  Powell.  The  collection  'is  inter- 
esting and  very  varied.  On  the  first  page  is  a 
speaking  likeness  of  the  beloved  professor,  under 
which  are  the  appropriate  words — 

His  life  was  gentle,  and  the  elements 

So  mix'd  in  him  that  Nature  might  stand  up 

And  say  to  all  the  world,  "  This  was  a  man ! " 


io*s.  ii.  DEC.  17.19M.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Mr.  David  Cadney,  of  Cambridge,  has  a  nice  little 
catalogue,  many  of  the  items  being  very  cheap. 
There  is  "an  extremely  rare  pamphlet  connected 
with  the  'Snob'  of  Thackeray,"  'The  Snob's  Trip 
to  Paris  ;  or,  the  Humours  of  the  Long  Vacation,  a 
Fiction  founded  on  Fact,'  Cambridge,  published  by 
W.  H.  Smith  (the  same  publisher  who  issued  '  The 
Snob '),  Rose  Crescent,  12mo,  uncut,  as  issued,  31. 3s. 

Mr.  Richard  Cameron,  of  Edinburgh,  has  a  large 
collection  of  works  relating  to  Scotland.  These 
include  the  'Acts  of  the  Scottish  Parliaments,' 
121.  12s.  ;  '  New  Club  Publications,'  edited  by  Dr. 
David  Laing  and  others,  19  vols.,  1878-89,  I'll.  10s 
(only  eighty  copies  privately  printed,  the  original 
cost  being  301. 5s.) ;  Jamieson's  '  Dictionary,' 4£.  10s.  ; 
books  on  Edinburgh  and  Glasgow,  and  county  maps. 
A  copy  of  the  Somers  Tracts,  13  vols.,  calf  gilt,  is 
offered  for  1L  10$.  The  original  price  was  421. 

Mr.  F.  S.  Cleaver,  of  Bath,  includes  in  a  short 
list  a  clean  set  of  Grose's  'Antiquities  of  Eng- 
land and  Wales,'  8  vols.,  1784,  31.  18s.  6d.  ;  Ogilvies 
'  Dictionary, '  1885, 25s.  (this  was  published  at  61.  6s.) ; 
Blackwood,  from  its  commencement,  1817,  to  1837, 
21.  10s.  ;  and  Smollett's  works,  half-calf,  1900,  51.  5s. 

Mr.  James  G.  Commin,  of  Exeter,  sends  us  two 
most  interesting  catalogues,  containing  the  unique 
collection  of  books  and  pamphlets  formed  by  the 
late  C.  D.  Heathcote  ;  many  of  these  have  valuable 
notes.  There  is  a  complete  set  of  the  Western 
Antiquary,  12  vols.,  31. 15s.;  Camden  Society,  67  vols., 
51.  5s.  ;  Rowe's  '  Forest  of  Dartmoor '  and  Falcon's 
'Dartmoor  Illustrated,'  together  3  vols.,  4.1.  10s. 
The  works  relating  to  Devonshire  and  Cornwall  are 
very  numerous.  A  collection  of  works  by  Hawker 
of  Morwenstow,  18  vols.,  1821-99,  is  priced  51.  5s. 
Among  the  pamphlets  is  Banting  on  '  Corpulence,' 
reminding  us  of  the  Banting  mania  of  the  early 
sixties. 

Mr.  Bertram  Dobell  has  a  first  edition  of 
A'Beckett's  '  Comic  History  of  England,'  1847,  scarce, 
31.  12s.  ;  the  original  edition  of  Alken's  '  Touch  at 
the  Fine  Arts,'  McLean,  1824,  31.  15s.  (this  is  very 
scarce) :  first  edition  of  '  Lavengro,'  11.  15s.  ;  Peter 
Cunningham's  'Story  of  Nell  Gwyn,'  New  York, 
1883,  an  extra-illustrated  copy,  containing  109  por-  i 
traits,  101.  15s.  ;  and  Pierce  Egan's  '  Life  in  London,'  | 

1821,  extra-illustrated,  14/.  10s.  A  large  and  valuable 
collection  of  broadsides  relating  to  the  Prince  of  i 
Orange  is  offered  for  21.  10s.     Mr.  Dobell  has  also  a 
number  of  Cruikshank  books. 

Messrs.  George's  Sons,  of  Bristol,  have  a  list  of 
five  hundred  items  newly  added  to  their  stock. 
Under  America  are  Choris's  '  Voyage  Pittoresque,' 
being  the  pictorial  record  of  Kotzebue's  voyage, 

1822,  Ql  15s. ;  and  Galloway's  '  Reply  to  the  Obser- 
vations of  Sir  William  Howe,  in  which  his  Misrepre- 
sentations are  Detected,'  1780,  15s.    In  the  general 
list  will  be  found  a  copy  of  the  Baskerville  '  Virgil,' 
Birmingham,  1757,  31.  3s.;  Burton's   'Anatomy  of 
Melancholy,'    1652,    31.   Is.   Gd.  ;    Lindley's    Porno- 
logical  Magazine,  31.  15s. ;    '  Monumenta  Historica 
Britannica,'  1848,  11.  10s.  :  *  Martial  Achievements 
of  Great  Britain  from  1799  to  1815,'  53  plates  by 
Heath,  11.  15s. ;  a  handsome  set  of  Motley,  61.  6s.  ; 
also  Swinburne,  28  vols.,  all  first  editions  excepting 
'Atalanta  in  Calydon,'  'Both well.'  'Erechtheus,' 
and  '  Essays  and  Studies,'  original  cloth,  131.  13s. 

Mr.   Charles   Higham    has  a  number  of    recent 

Sirchases,   including  those    from   the  libraries  of 
r.  Benjamin  Harris  Cowper  and  the  Rev.  W.  D. 


Parish.  Those  of  the  former  contain  many  notes.. 
A  copy  of  Beza's  poems,  a  beautiful  and  rare 
specimen  of  Stephens's  press,  1569,  is  priced 
21.  12s.  6d.-,  Cowper's  'Lexicon,'  1850-4,  51.  5s.  ;  a 
set  of  the  Journal  of  Sacred  Literature,  40  vols., 
4.1.  4s.;  'Library  of  the  Fathers,'  41  vuls.,  1838-47, 
the  set  as  originally  completed,  11.  There  are  a 
number  of  works  relating  to  foreign  and  colonial 
missions,  besides  a  quantity  of  Roman  Catholic 
and  patristic  literature;  and  among  new  books  at 
net  prices  is  Billings's  'Baronial  and  Ecclesiastical, 
Antiquities  of  Scotland,'  4  vols.,  31.  3s. 

Mr.  George  P.  Johnston,  of  Edinburgh,  has  in  his 
list  77  vols.  of  the  '  Almanach  de  Gotha,'  71.  Is.  ;  a 
number  of  works  in  reference  to  the  Darien  Settle- 
ment ;  American  pamphlets  ;  pamphlets  relating  to 
the  South  Sea  Bubble;  the  account  of  the  loss  of 
the  Comet  steam-packet,  21  October,  1825  (this  was- 
the  first  passenger  steamboat  on  the  Clyde),  very 
scarce,  11.  4s.  ;  arid  many  rare  books. 

Mr.  James  Miles,  of  Leeds,  offers  '  Visitation 
of  England  and  Wales,'  £c.,  by  Dr.  Howard  and 
Frederick  Arthur  Crisp,  19  vols.,  151.  15s.  This- 
magnificent  set  of  books  was  printed  at  Mr.  Crisp's 
private  press.  A  copy  of  the  Times  issue  of  the- 
'  Encyclopaedia  Britannica '  is  201.  Mr.  Miles  states 
that  the  Times  now  charges  over  501.  for  this.  A  set 
of  Balzac,  40  vols.,  is  4.1.  The  list  of  works  relating; 
to  America  includes  geological  and  coast  surveys.. 
There  are  also  interesting  items  under  Angling  and 
Architecture.  Under  Decoration  we  find  the  original 
edition  of  Owen  Jones's  '  Grammar  of  Ornament,' 
50s.,  and  under  the  Rev.  Patrick  Bronte  'The 
Rural  Minstrel,'  1815,  price  30s.  A  copy  of  Britton's 
'Cathedrals,'  1814-35,  is  priced  at  41.  4s.  This  was 
published  at  531.  A  set  of  Grose's  works,  1783  to 
1801,  is  51.  17s.  6d.  ;  Ritson's  works,  12  vols.,  1825-33,, 
Chiswick  Press,  21.  11s.  6d. ;  and  '  The  Orchid 
Album,'  11  vols.,  13/.  13s.  There  are  also  a  number 
of  works  on  occult  literature. 

Mr.  H.  H.  Peach,  of  Leicester,  has  many  valuable 
items  in  his  new  list.  There  are  manuscripts  on 
vellum,  the  first  of  these  being  a  Breviary  of 
Franciscan  Use  from  Monte  Alvernia,  written  on  447 
leaves  of  tine  vellum,  c.  1450,  101.  10s.  Another  MS.  is 
in  English, '  The  Little  Hours  of  the  Virgin,'  Sarum 
Use,  c.  1430,  51.  10s.  There  are  a  number  of  early 
printed  books ;  a  copy  of  Dibdin's  '  Bibliotheca 
Spenceriana,'  also  his  catalogue  of  books  of  the 
fifteenth  century  and  his  '  ^des  Althorpianse,' 
7  vols.  in  all,  101.  10s.  :  Noel  Humphreys's  '  Master- 
pieces of  the  Early  Printers,'  21.  5s.  ;  and  a  copy  of 
probably  t  he  first  edition  of  '  The  School  for 
Scandal,'  51.  5s.  A  volume  of  various  poetical 
works  includes  a  list  of  'Books  printed  for  E.  Curll 
at  Pope's  Head,  Rose  Street,  Covent  Garden,'  16  pp. 
This  interesting  collection,  bound  in  1  vol.,  is  11.  5s. 
Lawson's  '  Treatise  concerning  Baptisms  '  is  printed 
by  T.  Sowle,  contains  a  twelve-page  list  of  books 
sold  by  him,  mostly  W.  Penn's  American  and 
Quaker  works,  and  is  priced  Is.  6d. 

We  have  received  from  Messrs  James  Rimell  & 
Son,  of  Shaftesbury  Avenue,  Part  I.,  A  to  G,  of  their 
catalogue  of  engraved  portraits.  They  purpose  con- 
tinuing this  at  intervals,  so  as  to  comprise  the  full 
alphabets  of  all  the  classes  therein.  The  arrange- 
ment is  excellent.  We  notice  on  the  back  of  the 
cover  that  a  copy  of  Chaloner  Smith's  catalogue  of 
'British  Mezzotinto  Portraits,'  1884,  is  offered  at, 
3U/. 


500 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  DEC.  17,  i9M. 


Mr.  A.  Russell  Smith  sends  us  a  catalogue  of 
engraved  portraits.  Many  of  these  will  be  valuable 
to  collectors.  The  Addenda  contain  a  large-paper 
•copy  of  Drayton's  *  Battaile  of  Agincourt,'  1627, 
151.  15*.  Only  three  large-paper  copies  of  this  are 
known,  and  this  is  the  finest.  A  copy  of  the  Prayer 
Book,  folio,  black-letter,  1662,  is  '31.  15*.  This  is 
known  as  the  Sealed  Book  of  Charles  II.,  is  the 
first  edition  of  the  Common  Prayer  revised  by  a 
•convocation  of  the  clergy,  and  the  last  in  which 
any  alteration  was  made  by  public  authority,  and 
is  that  which  is  still  in  use  by  the  Church  of 
England.  Under  Exhibitions  and  Amusements 
are  fifty-seven  handbills  of  entertainments  at  the 
Egyptian  Hall,  Piccadilly,  1829  to  1886  :  also  another 
collection,  1801-90,  which  includes  Madame  Tus- 
saud's  visit  to  Bath  and  her  show  in  Gray's  Inn 
Road. 

Messrs.  W.  H.  Smith  &  Son  have  in  their 
December  list  a  good  general  assortment,  some  new 
-as  published,  also  books  for  school  prizes  and 
presents. 

Mr.  Walter  T.  Spencer  heads  his  catalogue  with 
the  words  of  Cowley,  "  Come,  my  best  friends,  my 
'books,  and  lead  me  on,"  and  we  find  that  he  possesses 
many  "best  friends,"  including  a  choice  copy  of 
Bewick's  '  Birds,'  large  paper.  11.  Is.  ;  first  editions 
of  Browning  ;  and  Byron's  '  The  Deformed  Trans- 
formed,' first  edition,  35/.  It  contains  Byron's  auto- 
graph, "To  Miss  Agnes  Cathcart  with  the  Author's 
kind  regards."  There  are  also  more  first  editions 
of  Byron.  First  editions  of  Lewis  Carroll,  4  choice 
volumes,  in  purple  morocco,  bound  by  Wood,  are 
331.  Many  interesting  works  relating  to  America  are 
included.  This  catalogue  is  rich  in  Dickensiana ; 
extra-illustrations  abound.  There  are  many  works 
on  the  early  railways.  A  series  of  17  original  water- 
colour  drawings  by  Rowlandson,  attractive  for 
framing,  is  251. ;  another  series,  '211.  These  are 
from  the  Eraser  Collection.  Under  Shakespeare 
we  find  Boydell's  '  Gallery,'  301.  A  copy  of  '  In 
Memoriam,'  a  present  from  Tennyson  to  his  sister, 
>is  511.  10s.  There  are  ten  volumes  from  Thackeray's 
library,  with  his  stamp  upon  them  :  and  vol.  i.  of 
the  Pictorial  Times,  1843,  21.  5s.  This  contains 
Thackeray's  contributions.  These,  Mr.  Spencer 
states,  "have  never  been  reprinted."  The  cata- 
logue contains  over  two  thousand  items. 

Mr.  Thomas  Thorp,  of  St.  Martin's  Lane,  has 
selections  from  various  libraries.  The  items  com- 
prise Collins's  '  Peerage,'  9  vols.,  1812,  31. 5s.  ;  a  first 
•edition  of  '  Copperfield,'  II.  5s. ;  a  number  of  interest- 
ing works  relating  to  Kent,  including  Hasted, 
vols.  i.  and  ii.,  1778, 4£.  10*.,  and  Thorpe's  *  Registrnm 
Roffense,'  1769,  31.  12s  6d.  '  L'Heptameron,'  3  vols., 
Berne,  1780,  is  4£.  15*.  (the  Hamilton  copy  sold  for 
467.).  A  scrap-book  of  autograph  letters,  price  30*., 
contains  one  from  Huxley  :  "  If  I  had  as  many 
lives  as  a  cat  I  would  leave  no  corner  unexplored." 
There  is  a  first  edition  of  Swinburne's  'Atalanta,' 
Moxon,  1865,  51.  5s.;  also  'Songs  before  Sunrise,' 
25s.  There  are  some  classical  books  at  low  prices 
to  clear. 

Messrs.  Henry  Young  &  Sons,  of  Liverpool,  have 
a  good  December  list.  Among  other  items  is  the 
original  edition  of  Knight's  '  Account  of  the  Remains 
of  the  Worship  of  Priapus.'  This  is  very  rare. 
Some  of  the  plates  are  so  extraordinary  that  doubt 
was  thrown  on  the  genuineness  of  the  subjects 
represented  ;  however,  the  author  vindicated  their 
truth  by  presenting  to  the  British  Museum  all 


the  original  specimens,  which  may  still  be  seen 
there.  The  scarce  edition  of  Walton  and  Cotton, 
1784,  is  priced  at  61.  6s.  Saxton's  Atlas,  which  is 
most  rare,  1579,  is  101.  Sir  Henry  Edwardes's  copy 
fetched  90/.  at  Christie's  in  May,  1901.  14/.  14*.  is 
asked  for  a  line  set  of  Pickering's  reprints  of  the 
Books  of  Common  Prayer,  1844.  Under  Cruikshank 
is  the  first  edition  of  Ireland's  'Napoleon,'  1828, 
price  211.  A  complete  set  of  Bentley,  1837-69,  is 
221.  There  is  a  first  edition  of  Pepys's  'State  of 
the  Navy,'  1690.  This  copy  contains  many  correc- 
tions made  by  the  author's  own  hand,  and  it  has 
the  table  showing  how  the  1,515,067^.  13*.  Id.  special 
grant  was  spent.  There  is  a  collection  of  medals 
commemorative  of  the  triumph  of  the  British  arms 
over  Napoleon,  1820,  11.  10*.  These  were  published 
under  the  direction  of  James  Mudie,  who  expended 
10,000/.  on  their  production. 


10 

E.  S.   DODGSON  ("Navew"). —The  compiler  of 
your  Spanish-English  dictionary  had  authority  for 
using  this  word.     It  is  given  in  Annandale's  four- 
volume  'Imperial  Dictionary '  as  " a  popular  name 
of  the  wild  turnip  (Brassica  campestris) " ;   and   a 
similar  definition  appears  in    the    'Encyclopaedic 
Dictionary.'   In  the  abridged  Johnson  of  1756  navew 
is  also  included,  and  defined  as  "  an  herb,"  on  the 
authority  of  Miller. 

J.  CURTIS  ("Pronunciation  of  Pepys"). — See  8th 
S.  iii.  488 ;  xi.  187,  269.  Mr.  Ashby-Sterry's  clever 
lines  on  the  subject  were  quoted  by  ST.  SWITHIN  at 
the  second  reference. 

M.  B.  ("  Hearts  is  trumps  "). — There  is  no  defence 
for  such  locution,  which,  for  the  rest,  we  never 
heard. 

F.  H.  RELTON  ("  Luther  Family  ").— Will  appear 
shortly. 

A.  A.  KIDSON  ("Masons'  Marks"). —  See  the 
articles  at  8th  S.  vii.  208,  334,  416 ;  viii.  18,  91,  198. 

S — N  ("Royal  Arms  in  Churches"). — Much  in- 
formation will  be  found  at  7th  S.  vi.  191  and  ix.  317, 
these  communications  summarizing  many  previous 
articles,  and  giving  full  references  to  them. 

NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "  The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries'" — Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Pub- 
lisher"— at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  B.C. 


BOOKS  ON  BRITISH  TOPOGRAPHY, 

COUNTY  HISTORIES,  ENGRAVED 

VIEWS,  PORTRAITS,  BOOKS  ON"  ART, 

And  ILLUSTKATED  BOOKS  GENERALLY. 

A  Large  Stock  always  on  Sale. 

CATALOGUES  GRATIS. 
BOOKS  AND  ENGRAVINGS  BOUGHT. 

JAMES  RIMELL  &  SON, 

53,  SHAFTESBUKY  AVENUE,  LONDON,  W. 


c  io*  s.  ii.  DEC.  IT,  ism.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


BOOKSELLERS'    CATALOGUES    (DECEMBER). 

(Continued  from  Second  Advertisement  Page.) 


OLD    AND    BABE    BOOKS 


AT 


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MR.  W.  M.  VOYNICH 

has  an  immense  Stock  of  these,  all  fully  Indexed. 
He  deals  principally  in  Incunabula,  Bindings, 
SHAKtfiSPEKIANA,  and  English  and  French 
Literature  up  to  the  Eighteenth  Century. 


FRANCIS    EDWARDS, 

83,  HIGH  STREET,  MARYLEBONE 

LONDON,  W. 
CATALOGUES   NOW    READY 

DRAMA  and  DRAMATIC  MEMOIRS.'  16  pp 

ALPINE  BOOKS.    4  pp. 

AMERICA  —  Discovery,    Exploration,    and 

North  American  Indians.    72  pp. 

REMAINDERS   of  STANDARD   MODERN 

BOOKS,  &c.    64  pp. 

Gratis  on  application. 


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Second-hand  Bookseller  and  Publisher, 

54  and  77,  Charing  Cross  Road,  London,  W.C. 

A  large  STOCK  of  OLD  and  RARE  BOOKS  in 
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famous  Authors — Manuscripts — Illustrated  Books, 
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MONTHLY     CATALOGUES 

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B.  H.  BLACKWELL,  Bookseller, 

50  &  51,  Broad  Street,  Oxford. 

No.  97.    CRITICAL  EDITIONS   of   GREEK    and 

LATIN  CLASSICAL  AUTHORS  and  STANDARD  WORKS  dealing 
with  Greek  an*  Roman  History,  Literature  and  Art.  Part  1 
SURIPTORES  GR.ECI.  1289  Nos. 

IN    PREPARATION. 

CATALOGUE  of  the  SECOND  PORTION  of  the 

LIBRARY  of  the  late  F.  YORK  POWELL,  Eeq..  Regius  Professor 
of  Modern  History  in  the  University  of  Oxford,  sometime  President 
of  the  Folk-Lore  Society,  comprising  his  Collection  of  Books  on 
History   and     Biography,    Antiquarian    Literature,    Topography 
European  and  Oriental  Literature  and  Philology,  Greek  and  Latin 
Classics  and  Miscellanies.  Philosophy.  Law,  Ac.,  many  with  his 
beautiful  Signature,  and  having  Annotations  in  his  handwriting. 
%*  100,000  Volumes  of  New  and  Second-hand  Books  in  stock. 
Lists  of  wants  will  reteive  immediate  attention. 


H.  H.  PEACH,  37,  BELVOIR  STREET, 
LEICESTER,  ISSUES  CATALOGUES  OF 
MANUSCRIPTS,  EARLY  PRINTING,  AND 

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MS.  BREVIARY  FROM  LA  VERNA,  ENG- 
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ABLES  BY  SCHOIFFER,  VENDELIN  OF 
SPIRES,  DUTCH  &  ROME  PRESSES,  RARE 
17th  CENT.  TRACTS,  HENRY  VIIL,  A 
NECESSARY  DOCTRINE,  1543,  Ac. 


FIRST  EDITIONS  of  MODERN  AUTHORS 

Including  Dickens,  Thackeray,  Lever,  Ainsworth. 

Books  illustrated  by  G.  and  R.  Cruikshank,  Phiz,  Leech, 
Ilowlandson,  &c. 

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application. 
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NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  u.  DEC.  17,  190*. 

SMITH,  ELDER  &  CO.'S  PUBLICATIONS. 

WORKS  BY  MISS   THACKERAY. 

•'  Her  stories  are  a  series  of  exquisite  sketches,  full  of  tender  light  and  shadow,  and  soft,  harmonious  colouring Thia 

sort  of  writing  is  nearly  as  good  as  a  change  of  air." — Academv. 

"  One  of  the  most  delightful  of  our  novelists,  gifted  with  delicate  invention,  charm  of  thought,  and  grace  of  style." 

PROF.  MORLEY  in  '  English  Literature  in  the  Reign  of  Victoria/' 

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FKOM  an  ISLAND. 


BLUEBEARD'S  KEYS,  and  other  Stories. 
TOILERS  and  SPINSTERS,  and  other  Essays. 


MRS.  DYMOND. 


MRS.  GASKELL'S  WORKS. 

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rhich  excite  the  deepest  interest  in  men  of  the  world,  and  which  every  girl  will  be  the  better  for  reading."— GEORGES  SAND. 

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Demy  8vo,  18s. 

HOURS  in  a  LIBRARY.  Revised,  Rearranged, 
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An  AGNOSTIC'S  APOLOGY 


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The  AGE  of  the  DESPOTS.    With  a  Por- 
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V*  In  preparing  this  New  Edition  of  the  late  Mr.  J.  A.  Symonds's  three  volumes  of  travels,  '  Sketches  in  Italy  and 
Greece,'  '  Sketches  and  Studies  in  Italy,'  and  '  Italian  Byways,'  nothing  has  been  changed  except  the  order  of  the  Essays. 
For  the  convenience  of  travellers  a  topographical  arrangement  has  been  adopted. 

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%*  Messrs.  SMITH,  ELDER  4-  CO.  will  be  happy  to  send  a  copy  of  their  Catalogue  post  free  on  application. 
London  :  SMITH,  ELDER  &  CO.  15,  Waterloo  Place,  8.W. 

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NOTES    AND    QUERIES: 


UleMnrn  ot  Interamtmmication 


FOR 


LITERARY    MEN,    GENERAL    READERS,    ETC. 

41  When  found,  make  a  note  of." — CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


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501 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  «. 


CONTENTS.-No.  52. 

NOTES  :— The  Dog  who  made  a  Will.  501—"  An  old  woman 
went  to  market,"  502  — Bibliography  of  Christmas  — 
"  Wassail " — Christmas  Customs,  Games,  &c.,  503  —Wooing 
Staff— Waits  —  Christmas  Carols  :  Waits  :  Guisers,  504— 
Christmas  under  Charles  I. — Christmas  Coincidences- 
Arthur  Shorter  —  Theophany  —  High  Mountain  —  The 
Bnvied  Favourite,  505— The  Vinery  at  Hampton  Court- 
Poem  by  Cowley — Asses  Hypnotized— "Boiling  " — 'Bast 
Lynne'— House  Signs— Goose  v.  Geese,  507. 

QUERIES  :  —  Bringing  in  the  Yule  "  Clog  "  —  Chinese 
Nominy,  507— Sir  Henry  Wotton— Wedding-Ring  Finger 
— Amyot's  Anonymity — Queen  Anne's  Last  Years — Kd- 
ward  the  Confessor's  Chair— Maze  at  Seville— Lethieul- 
lier's  MSS.— "  Cat  in  the  wheel,"  508— Stealing  no  Crime 
—Armorial  Visiting  Cards—"  Cursals,"  509. 

REPLIES  :— Oxenham  Epitaphs,  509— Cosas  de  Espana,  510 
— St.  George,  511 — Ruskin  at  Neuchatel— Birth  at  Sea  in 
1805— Oxford  Almanac  Designers — Mayers'  Song — Parish 
Documents  :  their  Preservation,  512— Mary  Carter — Vacci- 
nation a-id  Inoculation  —  Clock  by  W.  Franklin  —  Sir 
Walter  1'Espec— Woolmen  in  the  Fifteenth  Century,  514  — 
€awood  Family,  515-Chiltern  Hundreds-Birth-Marks— 
Berwick:  Steps  of  Grace— Cape  Bar  Men— Children  at 
Executions— Verse  Translations  of  Molie>e— Ainsty,  516— 
"L.S."  —  "Male"  —  Battle  of  Spurs,  517  —  Publishers' 
Catalogues— Statue  discovered  at  Charing  Cross — "  Ob- 
livious"— Phoenicians  at  Falmouth— Emernensi  Agro — 
Shelley  Family— Ashburner  Family,  519. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS:— 'The  Prioress's  Tale,' &c.—' Early 
Lives  of  Dante '—Com  pton  Reade's  'Smith  Family'— 
The  Oxford  Tennyson— The  Bask  Verb— 'Who's  Who' 
and  '  Who 's  Who  Year-Book  '  —  *  Englishwoman's  Year- 
Book '— '  Whitaker's  Almanack '  and  '  Whitaker's  Peerage.' 

Obituary :— Mr.  Norman  Maccoll. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


THE   DOG    WHO   MADE   A   WILL. 

AMONGST  the  Mohammedans  the  dog  is 
regarded  as  an  unclean  animal.  It  is  said 
that  if  a  wet  dog  shook  himself  within  forty 
steps  of  a  member  of  the  Shaft  sect  who  was 
•at  prayer,  that  Puritan  of  Islam  would  rise 
-and  go  through  his  ablutions  and  prayers 
from  the  beginning.  Yet  in  the  East,  as  in 
the  West,  the  dog  has  grateful  friends.  The 
Rev.  J.  E.  Hanauer,  amongst  the  other 
popular  stories  which  he  has  collected  in 
Palestine,  records  one  which  he  heard  in 
childhood  of  a  Moslem  who  owned  a  beautiful 
greyhound,  to  which  he  was  greatly  attached. 
It  died,  and  he  buried  it  with  his  own  hands 
in  his  garden  : — 

"  Enemies  of  his  thereupon  went  and  accused 
him  of  having  interred  an  unclean  beast  with  the 
respect  due  to  a  true  believer.  He  thereupon 
informed  the  judge  that  '  the  dog  had  earned 
the  right  to  decent  burial  by  having  left  a  will  in 
which  a  large  sum  of  money  had  been  mentioned  as 
a  legacy  to  his  worship.'  " — '  Palestine  Exploration 
Fund  Quarterly  Statement,'  July,  1904,  p.  270. 

The  same  anecdote  is  told  by  Poggio  of  a 
Tuscan  clergyman  and  his  bishop  ('Face- 
tiae,' xxxvi.).  This  particular  story  of 
Poggio  was  included  by  William  Caxton  at 


the  end  of  his  translation  of  ^Esop,  printed 
in  1484.  When  the  spelling  is  modernized 
it  presents  no  difficulty,  though  it  bears 
unmistakable  evidence  of  being,  what  it 
professes  to  be,  a  translation*  :— 

"  Silver  doth  and  causeth  all  things  to  be  done 
unto  the  hallowing  again  of  a  place  which  is  profane 
or  interdict.  As  ye  shall  mo[re]  hear  by  this  present 
fable  of  a  priest  dwelling  in  the  country  which 
sometime  had  a  dog  which  he  loved  much.  The 
which  priest  was  much  rich.  The  said  dog  by  pro- 
cess of  time  died,  and  when  he  was  dead  he  entered 
and  buried  it  in  the  churchyard  for  cause  of  the 
great  love  which  he  loved  him.  It  happed  then  on 
a  day  his  bishop  knew  it  by  the  advertisement  of 
some  other.  Wherefore  he  sent  for  the  said  priest, 
and  supposed  to  have  of  him  a  great  sum  of  gold  or 
else  he  should  make  him  to  be  straitly  punished. 
And  then  he  wrote  a  letter  unto  the  said  priest  of 
which  the  tenour  contained  only  that  he  should 
come  and  speak  with  him.  And  when  the  priest 
had  read  the  letters  he  understood  well  all  the  case, 
and  presupposed  or  he  thought  in  his  courage  that 
he  would  have  of  him  some  silver.  For  he  knew 
well  enough  the  conditions  of  his  bishop,  and  forth- 
with he  took  his  breviary  and  an  hundred  crowns 
with  him.  The  prelate  began  to  remember  and  to 
show  to  him  the  enormity  of  his  misdeed.  And  to 
him  answered  the  priest  (which  was  right  wise), 
saying  in  this  manner:  '0  my  right  reverend 
father,  if  ye  knew  the  sovereign  prudence  of  which 
the  said  dog  was  filled  ye  should  not  be  marvelled 
if  he  hath  well  deservedf  for  to  be  buried  honestly 
and  worshipfully  among  the  men  :  he  was  all  filled 
with  human  wit  as  well  in  his  life  as  in  the  article 
of  the  death.'  And  then  the  bishop  said:  'How 
may  that  be?  Rehearse  to  me  then  all  his  life.' 
*  Certainly,  right  reverend  father,  ye  ought  well  to 
know  that  when  he  was  at  the  point  of  death,  he 
would  make  his  testament,  and  the  dog  knowing 
your  greet  need  and  indigence,  he  bequeathed  to 
you  an  hundred  crowns  of  gold,  the  which  1  bring 
unto  you.'  And  then  the  bishop  for  the  love  of 
money  he  assoiled  the  priest,  and  also  granted  the 
said  sepulture.  And  therefore  silver  causeth  all 
thing  to  be  granted  or  done." 


mones  or  vjrastio,  racecie  or  JJommicni, 
tlie  *  Novelle '  of  Malespini,  the  '  Arcadia '  of 
Vacalerio,  the  *  Voyage  de  Syrie'  of  Jean 
La  Roque,  the  '  Singe  de  Lafontaine '  of 
De  Theis,  the  *  Testament  Cynique  '  of 
Sedaine,  the  '  Fables '  of  Barthe'lemy  Im- 
bert,  the  '  Schimpf  und  Ernst '  of  Pauli  (72), 
in  the  '  Contes  Tartares'  of  Gueulette,  and 
in  the  '  Gil  Bias '  of  Le  Sage  (book  v.  ch.  iii.). 
That  it  was  used  by  the  preachers  we  may 
infer  from  its  presence  in  the  collection  of 
exempla  of  John  Bromyard.  These  and  other 
references  are  given  in  the  last  edition  of 


'The  Fables  of  ^Esop,  a?  first  printed  by 
William  Caxton  in  1484.'  Edited  by  Joseph  Jacobs. 
London,  1889,  2  vols. 

t  Mr.   Jacobs  reads    "desernyd,"  which    appa- 
rently should  be  "deseruyd." 


502 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io»  s.  n.  DEC.  24, 1904, 


Dunlop,  in  the  translations  of  Poggio  by 
Isidore  Lisieux  and  Pierre  des  Brandes,  and 
in  Mr.  Jacobs's  edition  of  ^Espp. 

The  story,  then,  is  both  Oriental  and  Occi- 
dental, but  the  West,  it  would  appear,  may 
claim  the  oldest  literary  form.  Abdallah  ben 
Mahmoud  ben  Othman  ben  Ali,  surnamed 
Lamai,  should  be  gratefully  remembered  by  the 
lovers  of  the  humorous,  for  he  wrote  a  book 
in  which,  by  the  example  of  the  Prophet  and 
the  great  men  of  old,  he  vindicated  the  rights 
of  innocent  jesting  and  story  -  telling.  He 
died  in  the  year  of  Hegira  958  (A.D.  1551), 
and  one  of  his  anecdotes  is  of  a  faithful 
dog,  whose  death  was  greatly  regretted. 
The  sorrowing  master  buried  him  in 
the  garden,  and  gathered  his  friends  to  a 
funeral  banquet,  at  which  he  pronounced 
many  deserved  praises  on  the  defunct. 
But  some  of  the  guests  were  scandalized, 
and  reported  the  matter,  with  malevolent 
exaggerations,  to  the  Cadi,  who  thereupon 
summoned  the  master  to  explain  why  he  had 
bestowed  upon  the  unclean  dog  the  obsequies 
which  belonged  of  right  only  to  the  faithful 
disciples  of  the  Prophet.  "Such  honours," 
said  the  Cadi,  "  had  not  been  rendered  to  the 
dog  of  the  Seven  Sleepers,  nor  to  the  ass  of 
Ozair,"  who  is  Esdras.  The  accused  alleged 
the  great  intelligence  of  the  deceased,  and, 
as  a  proof  thereof,  mentioned  that  the  dog 
had  made  a  will,  and  amongst  other  legacies 
had  left  200  aspers  to  the  Cadi.  "  See,"  said 
that  worthy  magistrate  to  his  assistants,  "how 
the  good  are  exposed  to  envy  and  what 
things  they  have  said  of  this  honest  man." 
Then,  turning  to  him,  he  said,  "Since  you 
have  not  said  prayers  for  the  soul  of  the 
deceased,  let  us  begin  them  together."  This 
phrase  is  an  untranslatable  pun,  meaning  at 


the  sixteenth  century  the  story  was  known 
in  the  East  cannot  be  said.  The  story  of  the 
donkey  that  made  a  testament  was  known 
in  the  West  in  the  thirteenth  century.  Rute- 
beuf's  is  the  oldest  European  form.  A  few 
lines  may  suffice  to  show  his  mettle : — 

Sire,  ci  n'afiert  plus  lone  conte, 

Mes  asnes  at  lone  tans  vescu, 

Mout  avoie  en  li  boen  escu  ; 

II  m'at  servi  et  volpntiers, 

Moult  loiaumont  vingt  ans  entiers, 

Si  je  soie  de  Dieu  assoux, 

Chascun  an  gaaing  noit  vingt  sols, 

Tant  qu'il  ot  espargnie  vingt  livres. 

Pour  ce  qu'il  soit  d'enfer  delivres, 

Les  vo  laisse  en  son  testament. 

Et  dit  1'Esvesques,  Diex  1'ament, 
Et  si  li  pardoint  ses  meffais, 
Et  toz  les  peschiez  qu'il  at  fais. 


This  is  given  in  Meon's  'Fabliaux'  (Paris, 
1808,  iii.  70). 

A  folio  might  be  written  on  the  longevity 
of  jests,  and  the  story  of  the  dog  who  made 
a  will  would  form  an  appropriate  chapter  of 
such  a  treatise.  WILLIAM  E.  A.  AXON. 

Manchester. 


"AN  OLD  WOMAN  WENT  TO  MARKET." 

WE  have  all,  in  our  childhood's  days, 
heard  the  story  of  a  certain  old  woman  who 
went  to  market  to  buy  a  pig,  and  how  on  her 
return  journey  she  could  not  induce  the  said 
pig  to  get  over  a  stile,  that  she  might  get 
home  in  time  to  prepare  her  old  man's  supper. 

It  is  surprising  to  find  in  a  service  book  of 
the  Jewish  synagogue  what  looks  very  like 
the  origin  of  this  delightful  story.  I  here 
present  the  two  accounts  for  comparison. 

The  main  facts  of  the  nursery  tale  are 
these  :  that  as  the  old  woman  could  not  make 
the  pig  get  over  the  stile,  she  addressed  a  dog 
who  happened  to  be  near  with  these  words, 
"  Dog,  dog,  bite  pig ;  pig  won't  get  over  the 
stile,  and  I  shan't  get  home  to-night,  to  get 
my  old  man's  supper."  But  the  dog  refuses, 
and  so  she  asks  a  stick  to  beat  the  dog,  the 
fire  to  burn  the  stick,  the  water  to  quench 
the  fire,  the  ox  to  drink  the  water,  the 
butcher  to  kill  the  ox,  the  rope  to  hang  the 
butcher,  the  rat  to  gnaw  the  rope ;  and  all 
these  severally  refusing,  she  appeals  to  the  cat 
to  eat  the  rat,  and  the  cat  consents  upon  being 
given,  or  promised,  a  saucer  of  milk.  "  Then 
the  cat  began  to  eat  the  rat,  the  rat  began  to 

gnaw  the  rope,  <fcc and  the  pig  leapt  over 

the  stile,"  and  the  old  lady  was  in  time  to 
cook  her  goodman's  supper. 

In  a  book  entitled  *  Service  for  the  First 
Nights  of  Passover,  according  to  the  Cus- 
tom of  the  German  and  Polish  Jews,'  with 
an  English  translation  by  the  Rev.  A.  P. 
Mendes,  on  pp.  50,  51,  occurs  the  following 
poem,  which  is  to  be  said  on  the  second  night 
of  the  festival : — 

"One  only  kid,  one  only  kid,  which  my  father 
bought  for  two  zuzim  ;  one  only  kid,  one  only  kid. 

"And  a  cat  came  and  devoured  the  kid  which  my 
father  bought  for  two  zuzim  ;  one  only  kid,  one  only 
kid. 

"And  a  dog  came  and  bit  the  cat  which  had 
devoured  the  kid  which  my  father,  &c. 

"  Then  a  staff  came  and  smote  the  dog  which,  &c. 

"  Then  a  fire  came  and  burnt  the  staff  which,  &c. 

"  Then  water  came  and  extinguished  the  fire 
which,  &c. 

"  Then  the  ox  came  and  drank  the  water  which,. 
fcc. 

"  Then  the  slaughterer  came  and  slaughtered  th& 
ox  which,  &c. 

"Then  the  Angel  of  Death  came  and  slew  the 
slaughterer  who,  &c. 


s.  ii.  DEC.  24, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


503 


"  Then  came  the  Most  Holy,  blessed  be  He,  and 
slew  the  Angel  of  Death,  who  had  slain  the 
slaughterer,  who  had  slaughtered  the  ox,  which  had 
drunk  the  water,  which  had  extinguished  the  fire, 
which  had  burnt  the  staff,  which  had  smitten 
the  dog,  which  had  bitten  the  cat,  which  had 
devoured  the  kid,  which  my  father  bought  for 
two  zuzini  ;  one  only  kid,  one  only  kid." 

The  most  popular  interpretation  of  this 
parable  is  that  the  kid  is  Israel,  the  two 
zuzim  the  two  tables  of  the  law  ;  the  cat  is 
Babylon,  the  dog  Persia,  the  staff  Greece,  the 
fire  Rome,  the  water  the  Turks— powers  which 
in  succession  overthrew  each  other  ;  then  the 
ox  refers  to  Edom,  by  which  term  the  Euro- 
pean nations  are  designated  ;  the  slaughterer 
refers  to  the  fearful  war  which  will  take  place 
when  the  confederated  armies  of  Gog,  Magog, 
Persia,  Gush,  and  Pul  come  up  to  drive  the 
sons  of  Edom  from  Palestine.  The  Angel 
of  Death  is  the  pestilence  which  shall  destroy 
all  the  enemies  of  Israel ;  and  lastly  the  Most 
Holy  shall  establish  His  kingdon  upon  earth, 
under  the  rule  of  Messiah,  the  son  of  David. 

I  must  acknowledge  my  indebtedness  to 
Mr.  H.  W.  Innes,  LL.B.,  who  was  the  first 
to  point  out  to  me  the  resemblance  between 
the  nursery  story  and  the  Jewish  poem. 

CHR.  WATSON. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY  OF  CHRISTMAS.  (Continued 
from  9th  S.  xii.  502.)— 

Austin.  W.,  of  Lincoln's  Inn.  Devotionis  Augus- 
tiniana  Flam  ma,  or  certaine  devout,  godly  and 
learned  Meditations.  16?o.  Sm.  folio.— Contains 
three  '  Carrols  for  Christmas  Day.' 

Office  de  la  Nuit  et  du  Jour  de  Noel  selon  1'usage 

du  Diocese    de    Paris avec  dix    Considerations 

tirees  de  SS.  Peres  sur  la  Naissance  de  Nostre 
Seigneur,  par  le  Sieur  Du  Voisin.— Paris,  1077. 
Sm.  8yo. 

Christ's  Birth  miss-tim'd  ;  or,  a  Resolution  of  the 
Lord  Carew's  Question,  touching  the  true  Time  of 
the  Conception  and  Birth  both  of  John  Baptist,  and 
also  of  our  Saviour,  proving  that  Jesus  Christ  was 
not  born  in  December.  By  R.  S. — In  the  Phoenix, 
vol.  i.,  1707. 

A  New  Christmas  Carol,  called  the  Merry 
Christmas  and  Happy  New  Year. — At  the  end  of 
'  The  Carpenter,'  Cheap  Repository  Tracts,  1795. 
Pp.  23,  24. 

A  Garland  of  the  Old  Castleton  [Derbyshire] 
Christmas  Carols.  Edited,  with  notes,  by  W.  H. 
Shawcross,  vicar  of  Bretforton,  co.  Worcester. 
Hemsworth  [co.  York],  1904. — 12mo,  6  leaves  and 
paper  cover. 

Christmas  Carols,  from  Ancient  Times  to  the 
Present.  Extracts  from  various  writers.— Pub- 
lished by  Nelson,  n.d.  ;  printed  within  borders,  in 
red  and  blue. 

W.  C.  B. 

"  WASSAIL."— This  word  is  defined  by  Pref . 
Skeat  in  his  'Etymological  Diet.'  as  "a 
festive  occasion,  a  merry  carouse."  I  suggest 
that  it  is  cognate  with  the  O.N.  veizla,  a 


feast.     In  the  neighbourhood  of  Sheffield  a 
carol  known  as  *  Jolly  Wessel '  is   still  sung 
at   Christmas,  and    in   1875  I  published    a^ 
version    of    it    in    'Household    Tales,'    &c. 
p.  107.     It  begins  :— 

Our  jolly  wessel, 

Love  and  joy  come  to  you, 

And  to  our  wessel  boo  ; 

Pray  God  send  you 

A  happy  new  year. 

We  've  been  a  while  a-wandering 

Amongst  the  leaves  and  greaves, 

And  now  we  come  a-wesseling, 

So  plainly  to  be  seen. 

I  need  riot  quote  more,  and  it  is  enough  to- 
say  that  the  carol  goes  on  to  express  a  wish 
that  the  master  and  mistress  of  the  house 
may  have  "a  pocket  full  of  money  and  a 
cellar  full  of  beer,"  and  other  good  things. 
The  children  who  sing  it  carry  a  decorated 
holly  bough,  and  go  round  from  house  to- 
house.  Possibly  readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  could 
supply  other  versions  of  the  carol. 

Now  in  the  Danish  parts  of  England  Old 
Norse  was  once  spoken,  and,  as  Sheffield  was 
such  a  district,  1  see  no  reason  why  the 
**  jolly  wessel  "  of  our  carol  should  not  stand 
for  O.N.  J6la-veizla,  Yule  banquet.  In  the 
third  line  boo  may  be  the  holly  bough,  but 
too  would  make  better  sense. 

It  may  be  objected  that  the  O.N.  z  was 
pronounced  like  ts,  and  that  the  ei  of  the 
first  syllable  would  normally  become  long  o- 
in  modern  English,  just  as  O.N.  steinn  corre- 
sponds to  the  modern  E.  stone.  I  cannot  say 
whether  or  not  the  first  objection  would  be 
valid,  but  I  am  sure  that  the  second  would 
not  be.  Thus  the  O.N.  'sveif,  a  handle,  is 
swaifin  Derbyshire,  not  swoaf. 

The  following  explanation  of    ivassayl  is 
given  in  Robert  of  Gloucester's  'Chronicle' 
(Hearne,  ed.  1724,  p.  118)  :— 
Men,  J>at  knew  the  langage,  seide,  wat  was  wassayl, 
And  l>at  he  scholde  J>at  bro3te  onswere  "drynkhayl." 

An  old   Northern  feast  was  essentially  an 
ale-drinking.    It    is    called    ol-drykkja,   and 
even  drykkja,  in  the  sagas,  so  that  Robert  of r 
Gloucester's  "drink  ale"  is  to  the  point  as 
regards  definition.  S.  O.  ADDY. 

CHRISTMAS  CUSTOMS,  GAMES,  &c.  —  In. 
1479,  at  Bristol,  the  Mayor,  the  Sheriff,  and 
their  brethren  received  "Seynt  Kateryns 
players "  at  their  doors  on  St.  Katherine's 
Eve,  and  gave  them  drink  and  rewards  ;  and 
special  ordinances  were  made  for  keeping  the 
peace  during  the  Christmas  mumming-time, 
for  which  see  Ricart's  '  Kalendar,'  pp.  80,  85. 
At  Christmas,  2  Edward  VI.,  the  king  gave 
daily  alms  for  a  week,  the  children  of  the 
chapel  sang  "Gloria  in  Excelsis,"  the  heralds 


504 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  ii.  DEC.  2*.  MM. 


received  largesse,  and  ten  loads  of  green  boughs 
were  placed  in  the  royal  privy  chamber  at 
Hampton  Court  and  Oatlands ;  but  the  king's 
offering  on  Christmas  Day  was  nil  ('Trevelyan 
Papers,' ii.  16).  The  Prayer-Book  of  1549  was 
-compared  to  a  Christmas  game  ('Troubles  of 
the  Prayer-Book,  1549,'  p.  169).  The  word 
•Christ-tide  is  used  in  1629  in  '  Diary  of  John 
Kous,'  p.  46.  In  the  same  year  Mr.  Viccars, 
•of  Stamford,  in  Lincolnshire,  preached  against 
the  keeping  of  Christmas  as  superstitious, 
and  said  that  Christ  was  not  born  on 
25  December,  for  which  he  was  condemned 
by  the  High  Commission  Court  ('  Star 
Chamber  Cases,'  pp.  200,  222).  The  disturb- 
ances at  Canterbury  in  1648  are  noticed  in 
•Gostling's  '  Walk,'  1777,  p.  8,  where  a  note 
says  that  the  history  is  to  be  seen  at  large  in 
the 'History  of  Independency.'  Dr.  W.  de 
<Gray  Birch's  '  Catalogue  of  the  Bute  MSS. 
of  the  Inquisition  in  the  Canary  Islands,' 
1904,  tells  of  the  Christmas  diversions  of  the 
nuns  in  1652,  and  how  in  1792  masqueraders 
-danced  in  church.  There  are  many  notes  on 
the  "  Christmas  Lord,"  the  "  boar's  head,"  and 
on  Christmas  Day  under  the  Commonwealth, 
in  Baker's  '  Hist.  S.  John's  Coll.,  Camb.,'  ed. 
Mayor,  i.  121,  445  ;  ii.  573,  649.  At  Malwood 
there  was  a  famous  oak  which  bloomed  on 
•Christmas  Day  and  faded  at  night  (Pococke's 
4  Travels/ ii.  242).  W.  C.  B. 

WOOING  STAFF.— Prof.  Angelo  de  Guber- 
natis  writes  in  his  *  Mythologie  des  Plantes,' 
1878,  tome  i.  p.  62 :— 

"Ainsi  le  jeune  pretendant  des  Abruzzes,  pour 
savoir  si  la  jeune  fille  1'aime  et  1'accepte  comme 
<epoux,  depose  k  la  porte  de  sa  maison  un  tronc  de 
chene  ;  si  la  jeune  fille  le  retire,  le  jeune  amoureux 
prend  courage  et  entre  dans  la  maison  ;  si  elle 
le  laisse  a  sa  place,  le  pretendant  le  reprend  et  se 
retire  en  bon  ordre." 

An  analogous  usage  in  ancient  Japan  is 
-given  in  Terashima's  '  Wakan  Sansai  Dzue,' 
1713  (reprint  1884),  tome  Ixv.  p.  1110,  thus  :— 

"  Tradition  says  it  was  formerly  a  custom  here 
'[the  district  of  Nambu]  for  any  wooer  to  plant  a 
staff  about  a  foot  long,  and  painted  in  variegated 
style,  before  the  entrance  of  the  maiden's  house.  It 
was  called  '  nishiki-gi '  (variegated  wood),  which 
the  lady  would  take  in  if  she  consented  to  his  pro- 
posal ;  otherwise,  even  though  several  thousand 
•  specimens  of  such  wood  were  planted,  she  would 
•not  take  them  inside." 

KUMAGUSU  MlNAKATA. 

WAITS. — When  the  judges  held  the  assizes 
at  Hereford  in  July,  1601,  they  gave  2s.  Qd. 
to  the  "  waites  of  ye  cittie  "  ('  Camden.  Misc.,' 
IV.  art.  ii.  p.  49).  At  Pontefract,  in  1657, 
the  town- waits  had  coats  and  cognizances, 
•coats  of  blue  cloth  faced  with  white  taffety 
44 as  formerly"  ;  in  1701-4  they  had  three  old 


silver  badges  for  the  fiddlers,  and  in  1725 
\l.  Is.  5d.  was  paid  to  the  "musicians"  (R. 
Holmes,  'Pontefract  Book  of  Entries,'  1882, 
pp.  36,  266,  363).  There  were  waits  at  Wake- 
field  in  1670,  and  their  silver  badge,  dated 
1688,  is  engraved  in  Walker's  'Wakefield 
Cathedral,'  1888,  p.  307.  One  of  the  Halifax 
waits  died  in  1696  ('Diaries'  of  O.  Hey  wood, 
ii.  180).  W.  C.  B. 


CHRISTMAS  CAROLS  :  WAITS  :  GUISERS. — 
There  were  such  things  as  these,  one  believes, 
when  Dickens  wrote  'A  Christmas  Carol,' 
but  were  they  known  in  Dickens  -  land  1 
Away  in  the  Midlands,  at  any  rate,  each 
Christmas  brought  round  the  carol  singers, 
some  with  instruments  of  music  and  some 
without,  and  at  our  doors  tuneful  notes  filled 
the  frosty  air,  and  made  children  at  least 
dream  afterwards  of 

Angels  from  the  clouds  descending ; 
and  to  them 

Hark  !  the  herald  angels  sing 
was  realistic.  There  was  no  going  to  sleep  on 
Christmas  Eve,  though  children  were  abed 
long  before  the  stroke  of  twelve.  They  lay 
awake  listening  for  the  waits  and  the  carol 
singers,  and  heard  them  as  they  grouped 
around  the  house-door.  Then  came  the  sound 
of  the  pitch- fork,  as  the  leader  gave  them  the 
pitch,  and  then  the  carol  came  into  being 
with  full  swing  from  a  score  of  hearty  throats. 
There  has  been  no  singing  since  like  that 
which  then  rolled  around  the  house,  and  the 
chorus  following  each  verse  will  never  be 
forgotten,  for  it  was  full  of  harmonious 
twists  and  turns,  rolling  in  one  after  another 
and  oft  repeated.  The  waits  came  next,  a 
village  band,  home-made  as  it  were,  fiddle  as 
leader,  with  bass  fiddle,  clarionet,  trombone, 
triangle,  and  other  instruments  under  him. 
These  presented  carols — hymns  without  words 
— with  strange  introductions,  variations,  and 
finales,  some  of  them  home-made  like  the 
band  of  waits.  These  were  of  the  midnight 
time ;  and  later,  or  more  correctly  early  in  the 
morning,  came  the  children  with  lesser  carols, 
their  little  round  of  verses  ending  with 

God  bless  the  master  of  this  house, 

Likewise  the  mistress  too,* 

And  all  the  little  children 

That  round  the  table  go  ! 

The  'Guisers  (disguisers)  sometimes  came 
on  the  Eve,  but  it  was  their  time  properly 
on  the  night  following  Christmas  Day.  They 
gave  *  Saint  George ' — known  by  other  titles, 
'Th'  owd  Tup'  or  '  T'  owd  Hoss,'  plays 


[*  In  the  West  Riding  the  line  was  "  The  mis- 
ter-ess also."] 


.  ii.  DEC.  24, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


505 


which  varied  according  to  circumstance  and 
the  ability  of  the  band,  each  play  ending 
with  demands  for  money  made  by  "Little 
Devil  Doubt,"  and  when  it  was  over,  the 
'Guisers  had  cake,  or  pie,  and  a  hot  drink  of 
"  elderberry  wine,"  the  Christmas  drink  of 
the  Midlands.  THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 

Worksop. 

CHRISTMAS  UNDER  CHARLES  I.— Edward 
Fisher,  Esq.,  in  his  %  Christian  Caveat  to  the 
Old  and  New  Sabbatarians,'  fourth  ed.,  1652, 
p.  63,  sums  up  the  customs  to  which  the 
Puritans  objected  : — 

"Most of  them  teach  that  it  is  unlawfull  to  ring 
the  bels  in  peale  upon  the  Lords  day ;  to  eat 
mince-pies,  plumb-porrage,  or  brawn  in  December  ; 
to  trim  the  church  or  private  house  with  holly  and 
ivy  about  Christmas,  or  to  strew  it  with  rushes 
about  midsummer ;  to  stick  a  resting  peece  of  beef 
with  rosemary ;  or  to  stick  a  sprig  of  rosemary  in 
a  collar  of  brawn  when  it  is  brought  to  the  table ; 
to  play  at  cards  or  bowles ;  to  hawk  or  hunt ;  to 
give  money  to  a  servants  or  apprentises  box,  or  to 
send  a  couple  of  capons  or  any  other  present  to  a 
friend  in  the  twelve-dayes." 

Also  they  said  that  "  blazes  "  in  the  chimneys 
at  Christmas,  and  Christmas  "  kariles,"  were 
superstitious,  pp.  64-6,  with  much  more  to 
the  same  effect.  W.  C.  B. 

CHRISTMAS  ^COINCIDENCES.—  In  a  volume  of 
scraps  in  the'British  Museum  is  the  follow- 
ing :— 

"A  celebrated  whip  who  drives  from  the  Blue 
Boar,  Holborn,  was  born  on  Christmas  Day,  his 
wife  was  born  on  Christmas  Day,  he  has  three 
children  born  on  Christmas  Day,  and  five  christened 
on  that  anniversary.—  Stockport  Advertiser." 

This  is  from  Creed's  'Signs  of  Taverns,' 
vol.  vi.,  under  'George  and  Blue  Boar,' 
acquired  by  the  Museum  in  1859.  No  date 
for  the  newspaper  is  given,  but  even  if  it 
were,  it  would  not  enable  us  to  verify  the 
truth  of  this  remarkable  series,  as  no  names 
or  places  or  dates  are  given.  As  Mr.  W.  J. 
Thorns  was  sceptical  as  to  centenarians,  I  feel 
dubious  as  to  such  coincidences.  AYEAHR. 

ARTHUR  SHORTER.  —  In  'N.  &  Q.'  for 
28  Dec.,  1861  (2nd  S.  xii.  521),  there  is  a  query 
under  the  above  heading,  which  in  subsequent 
issues  received  some  replies,  which  only 
showed  how  little  was  known  of  this  gentle- 
man. He  was  the  youngest  son  of  John  and 
Elizabeth  (nee  Phillips)  Shorter,  of  Bibrook, 
Kennington,  near  Ashford,  Kent,  and  brother 
to  Lady  Wai  pole.  He  was  born  circa  1690-5, 
and  succeeded  to  his  father's  estate  on  the 
death  of  his  brother  John  in  1745.  He  had 
but  poor  health  the  latter  part  of  his  life, 
which  was  spent  at  Bath,  where  he  died  and 
was  buried  in  the  Abbey  Church  on  14  Feb., 


1750/1.  He  left  his  estates,  after  some  lega- 
cies to  his  servants,  to  his  surgeon,  Mr.  John 
Dunn.  He  was  never  married.  Hasted,  in- 
his  '  History  of  Kent,'  with  his  occasional 
inaccuracy,  confuses  him  with  his  brother 
Capt.  Erasmus  Shorter,  who  died  on  23  Nov., 
1753. 

That  this  note  will  meet  the  eyes  of  MR. 
JOHN  PAVIN  PHILLIPS,  who  penned  th& 
original  query  some  forty- three  years  ago,  I 
can  hardly  hope,  still  I  trust  the  above  in- 
formation may  be  of  interest  to  your  readers. 
LEOPOLD  A.  VIDLER. 

The  Stone  House,  Rye,  Sussex. 

THEOPHANY.  —  In  the  early  Church  this 
name  was  given  to  the  whole  festal  period, 
including  Christmas  and  Epiphany.  The 
name,  however,  lingered  on,  apparently  for 
the  latter  feast.  In  the  twelfth  century  the 
tenant  of  the  manor  of  Chingford  promised 
to  find  two  sureties  "infra  hoc  et  Theo- 
phaniam"  ('Domesday  of  St.  Paul's,'  p.  135, 
and  introd.  p.  c).  In  the  fourteenth-century 
*  French  Chronicle  of  London '  it  appears  as 
"  le  tiffanie,"  p.  15,  and  "  le  Thiphanie,"  p.  57. 

W.  C.  B. 

HIGH  MOUNTAIN.  —  An  obvious  oversight 
is  responsible  for  the  following  : — 

"The  Mountain  of  Benyoirloch,  three  thousand 
and  three  hundred  miles  in  perpendicular  height, 
rises  by  a  gentle  ascent  from  Loch  Era,"  &c. — 
Newte,  'A  Tour  in  England  and  Scotland'  (1791), 
p.  227. 

Evidently  feet  should  be  read  instead  of 
miles.  AYEAHR. 

THE  ENVIED  FAVOURITE.  —  In  Clouston's 
'Popular  Tales  and  Fictions,'  1887,  vol.  ii. 
p.  456,  the  following  resume  of  the  first  in- 
cident of  this  well-known  story  is  given  : — 

"The  story,  we  have  seen,  was  known  in  the 
twelfth  century,  or  three  hundred  years  before  the 
Turkish  romance  of  the  '  Forty  Vizirs '  was  com- 
posed ;  yet  it  is  curious  to  find  that  in  the  Ottoman 
version,  as  in  the  'Contes  Devots,'  the  '  Gesta,' 
and  the  '  Novelle  Antiche,'  the  envious  man  pre- 
tends to  the  king  that  his  favourite  says  he  has  a 
foul  breath  ;  in  the  second  Indian  version  from 
Vernieux  the  envious  guni  tells  the  king  that  the 
fakir  turns  his  face  away  in  order  that  his  majesty 
should  not  discover  from  his  breath  that  he  is  a 
drunkard." 

That  the  earlier  Chinese  were  familiar  with 
such  a  story  is  evident  from  the  following 
passage  in  the  *  Kan-pi-tsze,'  written  in  the 
third  century  B.C. — several  copies  of  which  I 
have,  but  not  here,  so  I  now  reproduce  it 
from  the  quotation  in  the  '  Yuen-kien-lui- 
han,'  1703,  torn.  cclx.  fol.  836  :— • 

"[Some  years  before  306  B.C.]  the  King  of  Wei 
presented  a  beautiful  woman  to  the  King  of  Tsu, 


506 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  DEC.  2*.  190*. 


who  liked  her  exceedingly.  Then  his  principal 
mistress,  Ching-Chii,  said  to  her :  *  The  king  likes 
you  very  much,  but  only  your  nose  he  dislikes  to 
see  ;  so,  if  you  will  cover  your  nose  every  time  you 
see  him,  you  shall  never  lose  his  favour.'  She  acted 
according  to  the  advice,  which  caused  the  king  to 
ask  Ching>Chii,  '  What  makes  this  new  favourite  of 
mine  cover  her  nose  in  my  presence  ? '  The  reply 
was,  'It  seems  she  hates  your  majesty's  breath,' 
whereon  the  enraged  sovereign  ordered  her  nose 
to  be  severed." 

The  '  San-pu-ku-shi,'  written  about  the 
third  century  A.D.,  quoted  in  the  same  ency- 
clopaedia, I.e.,  fol.  84a,  attributes  the  cause  of 
the  Emperor  Wu-ti  killing  his  heir-apparent 
in  the  year  91  B.C.  to  the  latter's  adopting  a 
wicked  courtier's  advice  and  covering  his 
own  nose  with  paper  before  the  emperor, 
then  suffering  from  disease. 

KUMAGUSU  MlNAKATA. 
Mount  Nachi,  Kii,  Japan. 

THE  VINERY  AT  HAMPTON  COURT.— The 
following  extract  from  the  Times  of  10  Dec. 
seems  to  be  worthy  of  a  niche  in  the  columns 
of  <N.  &Q.':- 

"The  King  is  having  the  vinery  at  Hampton 
Court  Palace  rebuilt,  and  workmen  are  now  engaged 
in  the  erection  of  the  new  building.  For  this  pur- 
pose it  has  been  found  necessary  to  take  away  a 
portion  of  the  gardener's  house.  The  old  vine 
house,  which  has  been  enlarged  several  times, 
shelters  the  famous  vine  which  was  planted  in  1763 
from  a  slip  off  a  vine  at  Valentines,  near  Wanstead, 
Essex.  Hitherto  the  public  have  been  allowed  in 
the  vinery  itself,  but  on  account  of  the  dust  raised, 
which  had  a  detrimental  effect  on  the  grapes,  the 
Royal  vine  in  the  new  house  will  be  protected  with 
a  glass  enclosure,  and  through  this  it  will  be 
viewed  by  the  public.  The  vine  will  also  be 
situated  at  a  greater  distance  from  the  glass  roof. 
The  paving  stones  forming  the  floor  of  the  old  vine 
house  are  to  be  removed.  This  it  is  hoped  will 
benefit  the  roots  of  the  old  vine.  The  principal 
branch  is  over  114ft.  in  length,  and  the  greatest 
girth  is  over  45  in.  Some  forty  years  ago  the  yield 
of  the  vine  was  between  2,300  and  2,500  bunches, 
weighing  about  1  Ib.  each,  but  of  late  years  the 
grapes  have  been  thinned  out  considerably,  and  at 
the  end  of  this  summer  only  about  700  bunches 
were  allowed  to  mature." 

RICHARD  EDGCUMBE. 

33,  Tedworth  Square,  Chelsea. 

POEM  BY  COWLEY.— A  little  discovery  which 
I  have  made  recently  of  some  lines  by  the 
poet  Cowley,  which  have  never,  I  believe, 
been  included  in  any  volume  of  his  works, 


Philips  v    . —  /7 

which  occurred  in  1664.  It  ends  in  all  the 
editions  of  the  poet  I  have  seen— including 
the  so-often-reprinted  folio  edition  of  1668, 
in  which  the  ode  first  appeared  in  a  Cowley 
volume,  Tonson's  great  edition  of  1710,  and 


Dr.  Grosart's  "  Chertsey  Worthies  "  edition— 

with  the  lines  : — 

So  well  Orinda  did  herself  prepare 

In  this  much  different  clime  for  her  remove 

To  the  glad  world  of  poetry  and  love. 

Looking  over    the   edition    of    Katherine 
Philips  published  in  1667,  in  which  Cowley's 
tribute  was  first  printed,  I  found  that  the 
ode  had  there  the  following  very  "  Cowleian  " 
additional  lines : — 
There  all  the  blest  do  but  one  body  grow 
And  are  made  one  too  with  their  glorious  head, 
Whom  there  triumphantly  they  wed 
After  the  secret  contract  past  below  ; 
There  Love  into  Identity  does  go 
'Tis  the  first  Unity's  monarchique  throne, 
The  Centre  that  knits  all,  where  the 

Great  Three 's  but  One. 

Dr.  Grosart  does  not  mention  these  addi- 
tional verses  in  his  notes  on  the  ode,  and  I 
feel  sure  their  existence  is  quite  unknown. 
It  would  be  interesting  to  know  to  whose 
judgment  their  omission  from  the  collected 
edition  of  1668  was  due — whether  to  Cowley's 
own  or  to  Bishop  Sprat's,  to  whom  in  his 
will  the  poet  left  the  revising  of  his  works. 
The  lines  are  of  no  special  intrinsic  value, 
but  I  think  any  buried  verses  by  such  a 
writer  as  Cowley  are  worth  disinterment. 
J.  M.  ATTENBOROUGH. 

ASSES  HYPNOTIZED. — Some  Basks  of  both 
French  and  Spanish  Navarre  have  given  me 
the  following  details  on  the  folk-lore  of  their 
region.  If  you  knock  a  donkey  down,  bellow 
very  loudly  into  its  ear,  and  stop  the  ear, 
before  you  end  your  braying,  with  a  large 
stone,  the  astonished  quadruped  will  lie  in 
an  apparently  dead  sleep  for  an  hour  or 
more.  E.  S.  DODGSON. 

"BOLLING."  (See  ante,  p.  479.)  — In  the 
notice  of  '  The  Flemings  in  Oxford '  the 
reviewer  had  a  question  as  to  the  meaning 
of  the  word  boiling.  Boiling  is  defined  in 
John  Craig's  dictionary  as  "a  tree  which 
has  been  shorn  of  its  leaves  and  branches." 
Hence,  no  doubt,  the  word  here  means  the 
clipping  off  of  superfluous  hair  of  the  horse. 

G.  C.  W. 

'EAST  LYNNE.' — Mr.  Lang,  in  Longman's 
Magazine,  supposes  that  this  novel  may  be 
derived  from  the  story  of  Nephele.  There 
may  be  some  likeness,  but  it  does  not  extend 
to  the  whole  of  the  stories.  Twice  have  I 
pointed  out  in  *  N.  &  Q.'  the  resemblance 
between  *  East  Lynne '  and  '  Dix  Ans  de  la 
Vie  d'une  Femme,'  a  play  by  Scribe  and 
another  dramatist,  which  must  have  been 
acted  at  least  twenty  years  before  the  publi- 
cation of  the  novel.  My  first  letter,  or  letters, 
on  the  subject  appeared  about  the  year  1870 ; 


ii.  DEC.  24, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


507 


my  second  about  1887.  '  Frou-Frou  '  is  like- 
wise, in  its  plot,  a  copy  of  this  play,  of  which 
a  full  account  is  given  in  the  memoirs  of 
Alexandre  Dumas.  *  Frou-Frou '  was  said  to 
be  an  imitation  of  'East  Lynne'  by  some 
people  who  did  not  know  the  older  play.  I 
never  have  imputed  plagiarism  to  the  authors 
of  'East  Lyrine' and 'Frou-Frou.'  Dialogue 
and  characters  are  their  own  ;  but  the  story 
is  not  theirs.  E.  YARDLEY. 

HOUSE  SIGNS. — In  Exchequer  depositions 
of  the  time  of  James  I.  mention  is  made  of 
two  curious  signs  :  "The  Weeping  Eye"  and 
"The  Angel  in  the  House."  The  latter,  it 
will  be  remembered,  has  been  used  in  modern 
times  as  the  title  of  a  book  by  a  well-known 
author. 

At  Tooting  a  public-house  is  distinguished 
by  the  name  of  "The  Old  Angel."  This  de- 
scription can  scarcely  be  said  to  harmonize 
with  our  idea  of  ministering  spirits  "ever 
bright  and  fair,"  though  it  is  possible  in  this 
instance  that,  in  the  adoption  of  the  form 
given  above,  the  object  may  have  been  to 
claim  priority  over  some  other  "Angel"  in 
the  same  locality. 

In  approaching  Worthing  by  way  of  the 
village  of  Lancing,  I  noticed,  a  few  years 
ago,  a  roadside  inn  bearing  the  designation 
of  "The  Half -Brick."  This  strange  sign 
must  have  been  chosen  for  some  special 
reason,  and  one  is  led  to  wonder  what  it 
could  have  been.  WM.  UNDERBILL. 

170,  Merton  Road,  Wimbledon. 

GOOSE  v.  GEESE. — I  was  travelling  by  rail- 
way to  Victoria,  and  the  train  had  been 
stopped  in  order  that  the  tickets  might  be 
collected.  A  lady  and  her  little  girl  occupied 
seats  opposite  to  me.  Suddenly  the  child 
aroused  attention  by  exclaiming,  "  Gooses  !  " 
only  that  and  nothing  more,  to  use  the  words 
of  the  poet. 

The  mother,  naturally  surprised,  turned  to 
her,  and  said  with  some  annoyance,  "  My  dear, 
don't  be  absurd  ;  there  is  no  such  word.  If 
you  mean  one  only,  it  is  '  goose ' ;  if  you  mean 
more  than  one,  you  must  say  '  geese' — never 
'gooses.'" 

"  But,  ma,"  came  the  quick  reply,  "  it  is 
'  gooses.'  " 

"  Now  that  is  naughty.  A  little  girl  should 
not  contradict.  I  shall  be  very  angry  if  you 
are  so  obstinate. " 

"  But,  really,  ma,  it  is  'gooses.'  See,"  per- 
sisted the  owner  of  a  small  finger,  which  now 
pointed  to  a  hoarding  covered  with  pictorial 
and  printed  announcements.  There  was  to 
be  seen,  in  very  bold  lettering,  the  notice  of 
a  new  issue  of  '  Mother  Goose's  Fairy  Tales.' 


And  thus  a  child's  singular  anser  was 
so  construed  as  to  convey  the  idea  of 
plurality. 

How  the  matter  was  made  clear  to  the 
infant  mind  I  know  not,  as  the  train  moved 
on  at  that  moment  and  the  discussion  came 
to  an  end.  WM.  UNDERBILL. 

170,  Merton  Road,  Wimbledon. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

BRINGING  IN  THE  YULE  "  CLOG."— Years 
ago,  in  the  early  days  of  the  Illustrated 
London  Neivs,  were  pictures  by  John  Gilbert 
of  Christmas  customs,  one  of  which  was  the 
bringing  home  of  the  Yule  clog  by  a  number 
of  persons,  with  children  dancing,  dogs  bark- 
ing, and  other  signs  of  a  joyful  time.  Is 
there  any  old  reader  of  'N.  &  Q.'  who  can 
call  to  mind  any  incident  of  the  like  nature  ? 
I  can  remember  seeing  children  engaged  in 
pulling  over  the  snow  with  a  rope  bundles 
of  faggots  which  they  had  gathered  in  hedge- 
bottoms  and  amongst  the  clumps  of  trees ; 
and  I  have  seen  men  carrying  clogs  of  wood — 
root  stumps  of  fallen  trees,  to  be  split  up  by 
wedges  into  Yule  clogs.  Yule  "logs"  and 
Yule  "clogs  "  mean  the  same.  In  Derbyshire 
"  clog "  is  the  form  mostly  in  use,  "  log  " 
being  used  in  speaking  of  a  considerable 
section  of  a  tree,  or  rough  piece  of  timber. 
THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 

Worksop. 

CHINESE  NOMINY.  —  In  West  Yorkshire, 
about  1875,  the  grooms,  stable-boys,  butchers' 
lads,  and  others  of  the  kin  of  Sam  Weller, 
had  a  "Chinese"  nominy  of  which  they  made 
a  good  deal  of  mystery,  and  the  learning  of 
which  they  considered  quite  an  accomplish- 
ment. I  forget  the  earlier  part,  but  it  ended 

Katty  had  a  cow, 
Kittywarry,  kattywarry,  I  ching  go. 

There  was  a  translation,  which  rather  gave 
itself  away  by  using  a  proper  name  dis- 
similar from  anything  in  the  original,  which 
translation  ran  thus  : — 

Once  in  China  there  lived  a  man, 
His  name  was  Ramo  Tamo  Tyrie  Tan, 
His  legs  were  long,  his  feet  were  small, 
Chinee  feller  couldn't  walk  at  all. 
Has  the  thing  any  history  or  any  meaning  ? 
And  does  it  still  persist  ? 

H.  SNOWDEN  WARD. 
Hadlow,  Kent. 


508 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


.  n.  DEC.  M,  190*. 


SIR  HENRY  WOTTON.  —  In  a  letter  of 
13  November,  1611,  John  Chamberlain  writes 
that  Sir  Henry  Wotton  had  recommended  a 
painter  named  Bilford  to  Henry,  Prince  of 
Wales,  with  a  wager  of  three  of  Wotton's 
pictures  against  three  of  the  prince's  horses 
that  Bilford  would  make  a  better  portrait  of 
the  prince  than  "  Isaac,  the  French  painter 
in  the  Blackfriars."  "Isaac"  was,  no  doubt, 
Isaac  Olivier,  the  miniaturist.  Is  anything 
known  of  Bilford  1 

Can  any  reader  supply  information  about 
a  book,  '  Johannes  Britannicus  de  Re  Metal- 
lica,'  mentioned  in  the  *  Reliquiae  Wottonianse,' 
fourth  edition,  p.  364 1  L.  P.  S. 

WEDDING-RING  FINGER.  —  Whence  comes 
the  idea  that  the  wedding  ring  is  placed  on 
the  third  finger  of  the  left  hand  because  a 
nerve  in  that  finger  is  specially  connected 
with  the  heart?  In  ^The  Garden  of  Allah,' 
recently  published,  it  is  alluded  to  as  a 
remark  of  St.  Isidore's  on  the  fact ;  and  in  a 
recent  number  of  the  Academy  and  Literature 
a  correspondent,  in  replying  to  a  query,  states 
that  it  can  be  traced  to  remote  Egyptian 
antiquity.  What  do  doctors  say  1 

E.  M.  W. 

[Many  articles  on  the  wedding  ring  appear  4th  S. 
i.  510,  561  ;  ii.  14,  47,  333,  427.  At  the  second 
reference  it  is  said:  "The  fourth  finger  of  the  left 
hand  is  that  on  which  the  ring  has  been  generally 
worn.  Aulus  Gellius  says,  on  the  authority  of 
Appian,  that  a  small  nerve  runs  from  this  finger  to 
the  heart.  This  theory,  of  course,  has  been  exploded 
by  modern  anatomists,  but  in  many  counties  of 
England  it  is  called  the  healing  finger,  and  wounds 
are  stroked  with  it."] 

AMYOT'S  ANONYMITY.— Under  Heliodorus 
in  the  bibliographies  of  Brunet  and  Graesse 
(the  latter  appears  to  have  built  upon  the 
former's  foundation)  one  finds  that  the 
'  Histoire  ^Ethiopiqve '  of  Heliodorus  was 
translated  "  de  Grec  en  Francois  "  by  Jacques 
Amyot,  the  first  edition  having  been  printed 
in  Paris  in  1546,  and  others  being  mentioned. 
On  turning  to  'Jacques  Amyot'  in  those 
valuable  Tresors  one  learns  that  this  author's 
name  is  to  be  seen  under  '  Longus  et  Plutar- 
chus.'  Why  was  his  translation  of  Heliodo- 
rus omitted  there  1  Neither  of  these  catalogs, 
however  (and  I  beg  the  printer  to  eschew  the 
barbarous  orthography  which  imposes  cata- 
logue upon  our  sufficiently  illogical  English 
writing  !),  indicates  the  edition  published  "A 
Roven,"  1596.  There  are  copies  of  this  in  the 
B.M.  and  the  Bodleian.  The  name  of  Jacques 
Amyot  does  not  appear  on  the  "frontispice" 
(as  the  word  was  correctly  written  by  English 
authors  of  the  Caroline  period  ;  for  it  has 
nothing  to  do  with  piece),  or  elsewhere  in  the 


volume.     But  does  he  not  covertly  insinuate- 

t  on  p.  12,  between  'Proesme  dv  Translatevr r 

and  the  beginning  of  *  Le  Premier  Livre '  1 

One  finds  there  :  "Au  Lecteur.     Amy  Lecteur? 

ne  blasme  de  ce  liure  L'autheur  premier,  ni 

a  spllicitude  Du  translateur,  qui  Fra^ois  le 

te  liure,"  &c.    Does  not  the  play  upon  livre 

suggest  that  Amyot  wished   to  be  amy  au 

Lecteur  ?    This  is  the  free  end  of  my  query. 

E.  S.  DODGSON. 

QUEEN  ANNE'S  LAST  YEARS.— In  a  letter 
dated  12  November,  1745,  part  of  an  old 
family  correspondence  in  my  possession,  the 
writer,  a  barrister  or  student  of  the  Middle 
Temple,  says,  "A  book  of  4  shillings  price 
appeared  about  fourteen  months  ago,  regard- 
ing the  four  last  years  of  Queen  Ann,  which 
I  shall  send."  What  book  can  this  be  1  It  is 
generally  understood  (see  '  Diet.  Nat.  Biog.') 
that  Swift's  book  on  the  same  subject  was- 
published  for  the  first  time  in  1758. 

C.  L.  S. 

EDWARD  THE  CONFESSOR'S  CHAIR.— In  the- 
Tatler  of  16  November  there  is  a  short 
paragraph,  *  A  Historic  Pageant,'  which,, 
referring  to  Mrs.  Arthur  Paget's  accident, 
states  :— 

'No  one  has  been  kinder  or  more  attentive  than. 
King  Edward,  who  never  fails  when  he  is  in  town 
to  pay  a  visit  to  his  old  friend,  on  which  occasions 
it  is  interesting  to  hear  that  his  Majesty  always- 
sits  in  the  chair  of  Edward  the  Confessor,  which 
has  long  been  one  of  Mrs.  Paget's  most  cherished 
possessions." 

Is  anything  known  of  the  history  of  the- 
chair  in  question?  I  have  no  idea  of  its 
shape — which  might  be  some  guide  to  its- 
age — but  I  cannot  believe  that  it  is  authentic. 
HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 

MAZE  AT  SEVILLE.— On  the  pavement  of  a 
pavilion  in  the  garden  of  the  Alcazar,  at 
Seville,  is  the  delineation  of  a  maze.  Could 
and  would  some  correspondent  of  '  N.  &  Q/ 
kindly  send  me  a  plan  of  this,  through  the 
Editor,  or  refer  me  to  any  not  inaccessible 
book  which  contains  a  print  of  it  ? 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

LETHIEULLIER'S  MSS.-What  has  become 
of  the  MSS.  of  Smart  Lethieullier,  of 
Aldersbrook,  in  the  county  of  Essex  1  They 
included,  amongst  many  other  interesting 
papers,  *  A  Compleat  History  of  the  Abbey  of 
Barking.'  The  author  died  about  the  middle 
of  the  eighteenth  century. 

RUPERT  WONTNER. 

Inner  Temple. 

"  CAT  IN  THE  WHEEL."— In  the  St.  James's- 
Gazette  of  Friday,  9  December,  in  '  The  Life 


.  ii.  DEC.  24, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


609 


a  custom  ever  actually  exist  in 


Story  of  Two  Slum  Children,'  by  Lady  Henry 
Somerset,  the  two  children  amuse  themselve 
in  Regent's  Park  by  turning  cat  in  the  whee 
on  the  soft  green  grass.  Is  this  an  acceptec 
variant  of  "Catherine  wheel"?  I  do  no 
remember  having  come  across  it  before. 

SHERBORNE. 

STEALING  NO  CRIME.  —  Boccaccio's  '  De 
cameron,'  Day  x.  Nov.  iv.,  makes  Messei 
Gentil  Carisendi  say  to  his  friend  : 

"  Io  mi  ricordo  avere  alcuna  volta  inteso,  in 
Persia  essere,  secondo  il  mio  judicio,  una  piacevole 
usanza :  la  quale  e,  che  quando  alcuno  vuole  somma 
mente  onorare  il  suo  amico,  egli  lo'nvita  a  casa  sua 
e  quivi  gli  mostra  quella  cosa,  o  moglie  o  arnica  o 
nghvola  o  checche  si  sia,  laquale  egli  a  piii  cara 
aftermando  che  se  egli  potesse,  cosi  come  questo 
gli  mostra,  molto  piu  volentieri  gli  mosteria  il  cuor 
suo." 

Did   such 
Persia?  > 

Apparently  somewhat  allied  to  this  is  what 
we  read  in  Kitamura's  '  Kiyu  Shdran,'  c.  1800 
(reprint  Tokyo,  1882,  torn.  viii.  fol.  4a),  re- 
lating to  the  saturnalian  usages  that  were 
current  in  the  Far  East  in  past  ages  :  — 

"  [Before  the  sixteenth  century  in  Japan]  people 
used,  on  the  sixteenth  oi  the  seventh  moon,  to 
practise  the  so-called  unexpected  en  trance  ( Tsutoiri). 
which  was  to  enter  halls  and  apartments  quite 
unceremoniously  in  order  to  behold  whatever  they 
were  desirous  of  seeing  on  ordinary  days,  such  as 
wares  of  rarity,  the  daughters,  daughters-in-law, 

wives,  mistresses,  &c In  the  Tartar  empire  of 

Jim  (ended  1231)  laws  were  extremely  severe  against 
larceny.    But  on  the  sixteenth  of  the  first  moon 
stealing  was  sanctioned  to  pass  as  joking ;  and  no 
punishment  followed  the    then    stealing  of   even 
wives,  daughters,  treasures,  money,  carriages,  anc 
horses.    Therefore  everybody  had  to  watch  strictly 
on  that  day,  but  to  let  any  thief  go  off  with  laughter 
*  lading  no  special  treasure  to  steal,  the  intruder 
would  not  disdain  to  carry  off  such  trifles  as 


owner.  The  card  is  very  highly  glazed,  with 
the  name  of  the  owner  printed  (from  stone, 
apparently)  in  faded  script.  I  found  it 
amongst  some  papers  which  belonged  to  his 
granddaughter,  and  of  which  the  last  bore 
traces  of  having  been  written  in  the  year 
1834.  The  name  and  address  on  the  card  were 
"Mr.  Gwynne,  Gwern  Vale  House."  It  would 
be  interesting  to  learn  if  armorial  cards  were 
at  any  time  customary  ;  in  fact,  personally,  I 
should  be  glad  to  know  the  approximate  date 
of  their  introduction  into  England.  Gwern 
Vale  House  is  near  Crickhowell,  in  Brecon- 
shire.  M.  G.  McELLIGOTT. 

"  CURSALS."  —  In  the  Daily  Telegraph  of 
19  November  is  an  account  of  an  annual 
payment  of  ten  shillings  by  the  Tenby  Cor- 
poration to  the  Crown  for  a  "  farm  of  cursals," 
defined  to  be  "reeds  growing  in  the  sea 
belonging  to  St.  Michael's."  The  sea  is  pre- 
sumed to  be  at  St.  Michael's,  Pembroke,  where 
:he  Corporation  holds  property  under  the 
>own.  The  payment  has  been  made  un- 
nterruptedly  for  centuries,  though  the  privi- 
ege  of  cutting  the  reeds  has  long  ceased  to 
be  exercised.  What  is  the  explanation  of 
'cursals"?  H.  P.  L. 


II  .      _ •     ---.7       v    .-•.      w«»wu      WL  IJLI.V/O     01*3      c 

wallet,  a  pick,  or  what  not.  Even  ladies  woulc 
fnter  other  households  without  veiling,  to  instigate 
the  handmaids  and  concubines  to  steal  drinking 
vessels  whilst  their  master  was  receiving  guests  in 
the  front  room.  Afterwards,  when  the  proper 
owner  recognized  the  stolen  objects,  or  the  stealer 
himself  exhibited  them,  the  former  would  redeem 
them  with  the  present  of  tea  and  a  collation,  or  a 
Dug  Lof  wine],  or  cakes.  Further,  instances  were  not 
scarce  of  lovers  carrying  off  girls  with  whom  they 
had  previously  arranged  so  to  do.  Should  the  girl 
wish  to  remain  in  the  carrier's  house,  she  was 

allowed  to  do  as  she  chose During  the  Mongol 

dynasty  of  Yuen  (1280-1367)  for  the  first  three  days 
of  the  year  theft  was  publicly  allowed,  and  the 
thieves  were  let  go  with  laughter,  even  the  stealers 
of  wives  and  daughters  remaining  unpunished." 

KUMAGUSU  MlNAKATA. 
Mount  Nachi,  Kii,  Japan. 

ARMORIAL  VISITING  CARDS.  —  A  visiting 
card  has  come  recently  into  my  possession 
bearing  the  coat  of  arms  with  motto  of  the 


OXENHAM    EPITAPHS. 

(10th  S.  ii.  368,  411.) 

I  AM  afraid  this  stone  will  not  be  traced 
beyond  the  lapidary's  shop  in  Fleet  Street. 
It  is  mentioned  in  a  rare  tract,  a  copy  of 
which  is  in  the  British  Museum  and  Bodleian 
Library,  and  entitled  : — 

"A  True  Relation  of  An  Apparition  in  the 
likenesse  of  a  Bird  with  a  white  brest,  that 


appeared  hovering  over  the  Death-Beds  of  some 
of  the  children  of  Mr.  James  Oxenham,  of  Sale 
Monachorum,  Devon,  Gent.  Confirmed  by  sundry 
witnesses  as  followeth  in  the  ensuing  Treatise. 
London  :  Printed  by  I.  O.  for  Richard  Clutterbuck, 
And  are  to  be  sold  at  the  Sign  of  the  Gun  in  Little 
Brittain  neere  S.  Botolph's  Church.  1641." 

It  gives  an  account  of  the  deaths  within  a 
few  days  of  each  other,  and  preceded  in 
each  instance  by  the  appearance  of  a  white- 
breasted  bird,  in  September,  1635,  of  John, 
Thomazine,  Rebeccah,  and  Thpmazine  Oxen- 
bam  (the  last  being  a  child  in  its  cradle) ; 
and  also  mentions  that  the  apparition 
appeared  over  the  death  -  bed  of  Grace, 
grandmother  of  the  said  John  Oxenham,  in 
1618,  and  that  the 

'reverend  Father  of  our   Church hath    given 

Approbation  for  a  monument  to  bee  erected  in  the 
Church  for  the  perpetuall  memoriall  of  the  fact, 
which  was  accordingly  performed  by  the  care  and 


510 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  DEC.  2*. 


labour  of  Edward  Marshall.  Tomb-maker  under 
St.  Dunstan's  Church  in  the  West  in  Fleet  St." 

Although  MR.  MARSTON  does  not  mention 
it  in  his  reference,  Howell's  letter  (at  any 
rate  in  the  first  edition,  1645)  says  : — 

"  At  the  bottom  of  the  stone  ther  is  '  Here  lies 
Elizabeth  Oxenham,  mother  of  the  said  John,  who 
died  16  years  since,  when  such  a  Bird  with  a  White- 
Brest  was  Seen  about  her  Bed  before  her  death.'  " 

The  names  in  the  tract  are  not  the  same 
as  given  by  Howell,  but  it  will  be  noticed 
he  wrote  the  inscriptions  "  to  the  best  of  his 
remembrance." 

Although  the  facts  related  in  this  tract 
and  Howell's  'Familiar  Letters'  (published 
in  succeeding  editions  from  1645  to  1754) 
caused  widespread  interest,  the  stone  could 
not  be  traced.  Lysons's  'Magna  Britannia' 
(Devon  vol.,  1822)  states  that  the  monument 
was  not  existing  at  Zeal  Monachorum,  and 
even  that  there  was  no  reference  to  the 
Oxenham  family  in  the  registers  of  that 
parish.  (As  a  matter  of  fact  there  are  only 
four  entries  in  the  register  of  burials  for  1635, 
dated  26  May,  18  September,  and  18  October, 
although,  strange  to  say,  a  portion  of  the  leaf 
has  been  cut  out  between  26  May  and  18  Sep- 
tember, entries  big  enough  to  have  contained 
the  four  Oxenham  burials.) 

The  Oxenham  family  having  settled  from 
a  very  early  period,  as  readers  of  '  Westward 
Ho  ! '  will  remember,  at  South  Tawton,  in 
Devonshire,  where  there  is  an  Oxenham 
estate  which  passed  from  the  family  at  the 
end  of  the  eighteenth  century  by  marriage 
to  the  Aclands,  and  thence  to  the  Hoares, 
our  attention  might  be  turned  there,  especially 
as  South  Zeal  (South  Sele)  in  that  parish— 
at  one  time  largely  owned  by  the  Oxenhams 
—might  have  been  confounded  with  Zeal 
(Sele)  Monachorum,  such  confusion  occasion- 
ally arising  in  these  enlightened  days  even. 
Ihe  white-bird  tradition  has  always  been 
associated  with  this  parish,  and  there  is  a 
mural  tablet  in  the  church  to  the  memory  of 
William  Oxenham,  who  died  in  December, 
in43'  u  ,  the  aPParifcion  had  appeared. 
Ihe  church  was  restored  about  1880,  but 
although  every  care  was  taken  of  the  old 
stones,  some  dated  early  in  the  seventeenth 
century,  nothing  was  known  of  the  "huge 
marble  monument''  forming  the  subject  of 
this  communication,  neither  does  the  burial 
register  contain  the  four  entries  of  1635,  but 
the  folio  wing  one-"  1618.  Gratia  uxor  Johaiis 
Oxenham  sepult.  Secundo  die  Septem  "— 
doubtless  refers  to  the  Grace  mentioned  at 
tne  toot  or  the  missing  stone. 

Pol  whole's  'History  of  Devonshire '  (1793) 
said  it  could  not  be  traced. 

W.  CURZON  YEO. 


MR.  EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN'S  reference 
goes  so  far  back  that  possibly  it  may  not  be 
available  to  MR.  E.  MARSTON  and  the  majority 
of  readers.  Reference  may,  therefore,  be 
made  to  the  fact  that  the  Oxenham  family 
lived  for  generations  at  South  Tawton(De von), 
near  which  is  situated  Oxenham  Manor  House, 
but  the  whereabouts  of  the  inscribed  stone 
referred  to  is  locally  unknown.  Members  of 
the  family  have  been  interred  in  and  around 
its  church  of  St.  Andrew  from  time  im- 
memorial, but  the  register  contains  no  entry 
of  a  John  Oxenham's  burial  in  1632. 

The  late  Mr.  R.  W.  Cotton  read  a  paper 
upon  the  Oxenham  omen,  at  Crediton,  in 
July,  1882,  and  this  is  preserved  in  the  pub- 
lished Transactions  of  the  Devonshire  Asso- 
ciation for  that  year. 

It  may  be  recollected  that  the  first  chapter 
of  Charles  Kingsley's  *  Westward  Ho ! '  is 
entitled  '  How  Mr.  Oxenham  saw  the  White 
Bird.'  Therein  the  author  gives  the  date  as 
1575,  and  records  how  John  Oxenham,  espying 
something  in  the  air,  that  no  one  else  around 
him  saw,  cried  in  alarm,  "  There  !  Do  you 
see  it  ?  The  bird  ! — the  bird  with  the  white 
breast!"  Presently  he  left  the  room  in  a 
"  regular  blue  funk,"  and  Mrs.  Leigh,  who  was 
present,  remarked  to  Sir  Richard  Grenvil  : — 

"That  bird  has  been  seen  for  generations  before 
the  death  of  any  of  his  family.  I  know  those  who 
were  at  South  Tawton  when  his  mother  died,  and 
his  brother  also,  and  they  both  saw  it.  God  help 
him  !  for,  after  all,  he  is  a  proper  man." 

HARRY  HEMS. 
Fair  Park,  Exeter. 


Cos  AS  DE  ESPANA  (10th  S.  i.  247,  332,  458  ; 
ii.  474). — I  am  cheered  by  the  notice  DON 
FLORENCIO  DE  UHAGON  has  taken  of  my 
question,  which  had  seemed  to  be  unheeded 
by  the  helpful  contributors  to  'N".  &  Q.'  It 
is  interesting  to  learn  that  it  was  an  old 
Spanish  custom  to  suspend  one  or  two  ostrich 
eggs  about  an  altar,  and  though  there  are 
three  at  Burgos,  and  they  are  not  hanging, 
but  piled  one  on  two  like  Italian  heraldic 
monti*  they  may  be  survivals  of  the  old  use, 
which  was  not  improbably  of  Saracenic 
origin.  I  have  seen  pendent  ostrich  eggs  in 
Oriental  churches  and  in  mosques,  and  have 
regarded  them  as  symbols  of  the  Resurrec- 
tion. I  have  not  Sir  J.  G.  Wilkinson's 
*  Manners  and  Customs  of  the  Ancient 
Egyptians'  at  hand  just  now,  but,  if  I  may 
quote  at  second-hand  from  a  paper  by  the 


*  It  may  be  mentioned  that  the  Theatins,  accord- 
ing to  Dr!  Woodward,  bear  a  cross-Calvary  on  a 
mountain  of  three  coiipeaux  (' Eccles.  Heraldry,' 
p.  424). 


10*  s.  ii.  DEC.  24. 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


511 


late  Dr.  Embleton,  of  Newcastle-on-Tyne,  on 
*  Eggs,'  he  says  (vol.  iii.  p.  20,  ed.  1837)  :— 

"  The  purposes  to  which  the  eggs  [of  the  ostrich] 
were  applied  are  unknown  ;  but  we  may  infer,  from 
a  religious  prejudice  in  their  favour  among  Christians 
•of  Egypt,  that  some  superstition  was  connected  with 
them,  and  that  they  were  suspended  in  the  temples 
of  the  ancient  Egyptians,  as  they  still  are  in  the 

churches  of  the  Copts They  consider  them  the 

emblems  of  watchfulness.  Sometimes  they  use 
them  with  a  different  view  ;  the  rope  of  their  lamps 
is  passed  through  the  egg  in  order  to  prevent  the 
rats  coming  down  and  drinking  the  oil,  as  we  were 
assured  by  the  monks  of  Dayr  Antonios." 

I  should  conjecture,  from  a  passage  in 
Philip  de  Thaun's  '  Livre  des  Creatures,'  that 
such  eggs  would  also  be  employed  to  exemplify 
the  religious  life  in  conventual  communities. 
He  is  discoursing  of  a  bird  called  asida,  which 
is  evidently  our  friend  the  ostrich.  It  leaves 
its  eggs  in  the  sand  for  the  sun  to  hatch  : — 

'Sacez  icest  oisel  nus  mustre  essample  bel : 

Issi  fait  horn  sened  que  Des  ad  espired  ; 

Ses  aus  guerpist  en  terre  pur  I'amur  Deu  conquere, 

Celui  ki  1'engendrat,  la  mere  ki  le  portat, 

Tuz  ces  de  sun  linage,  tant  est  de  sainte  curage, 

Si  cum  funt  saint  canonic,  ermite,  e  saint  monie  ; 

E  eel  merite  averunt  de  tut  le  ben  qu'il  funt, 

Si  cum  la  beiste  fait  quant  il  ses  oiseilz  laist ; 

E  cist  laissent  al  mort  ensevelir  le  mort, 

Ki  guerpissent  le  munt,  les  richeises  qu'il  unt, 

El  cesel  unt  esperance  de  regner  senz  dutance, 

D6s  doinst  a  tute  gent  cest  signefiement ! 

Which  is,  being  interpreted  by  Mr.  Thomas 
Wright,  M.A.,  F.S.A.  ('Popular  Treatises  on 
Science  written  during  the  Middle  Ages,' 
pp.  96,  97)  :- 

"  Know  this  bird  shows  us  a  good  example :  thus 
does  the  wise  man  whom  God  has  inspired  ;  he 
leaves  his  eggs  on  the  earth  to  obtain  the  love  of 
God,  him  who  begat  him,  the  mother  who  bore 
him,  all  those  of  his  lineage,  he  is  of  so  holy  a 
mind,  as  do  the  holy  canons,  the  hermits,  and  the 
holy  monks ;  and  that  merit  they  will  have  of  all 
the  good  which  they  will  do,  as  the  beast  does 
when  it  leaves  its  young  birds ;  and  these  leave  to 
the  dead  to  bury  the  dead,  who  leave  the  world, 
and  the  riches  which  they  have,  have  hope  to 
reign  in  heaven  without  doubt.  May  God  give  to 
all  people  this  meaning  ! " 

We  shall  see  presently  that  the  Cristo  of 
Burgos  was  for  some  time  in  possession  of 
Augustines.  In  '  The  Romance  of  Religion,' 
by  Olive  and  Herbert  Vivian  (1902),  we  are 
told  of  it  :— 

"  This  image  is  famed  all  over  Spain  for  the 
miracles  it  has  wrought,  and  the  priests  who 
have  charge  of  the  chapel  constantly  declare 
that  they  have  seen  it  move  its  head  and  arms. 
The  legend  says  that  a  merchant  returning  from 
Flanders  found  it  when  sailing  alone  in  the 
Bay  of  Biscay.  It  was  first  preserved  in  the 
Augustine  Monastery,  and  was  so  much  coveted  by 
other  monks  that  twice  it  was  stolen.  Each  time, 
however,  the  image  refused  to  stay  in  its  new  home, 
^nd  found  its  way  back  unaided  to  the  Augustines. 


In  former  days  it  was  concealed  behind  three 
curtains  of  silk  covered  with  gold  and  pearl  em- 
broideries, which  would  open  slowly  and  solemnly 
to  the  sound  of  bells  on  great  ceremonies.  The 
weariness  and  deathlike  appearance  of  the  figure 
are  unutterable.  To  give  an  additional  touch  of 
realism,  the  wooden  body  is  covered  with  human 
skin,  which,  in  the  course  of  centuries,  has  become 
all  cracked  and  scarred.  For  a  long  time  this  was 
disbelieved,  but  a  French  writer  obtained  per- 
mission to  examine  the  figure  closely,  and  confirmed 
the  truth  of  it.  He  noticed,  too,  that  on  the  hands 
and  feet  the  nails  are  attached  to  the  skin.  The 
head  is  made  of  wood,  but  the  hair  and  beard  are 
real.  The  people  of  Burgos  say  that  the  hair  has 
not  ceased  to  grow,  and  moreover  declare  that  the 
image  sweats  every  Friday." — Pp.  109-11. 

Who  was  the  investigating  Frenchman  ? 
Not  very  long  ago  I  was  assured  by  a 
sacristan  of  reverent  bearing  at  Burgos 
Cathedral  that  the  skin  was  not  human,  but 
bovine.  He  believed  in  the  miraculous  power 
of  the  Cristo.  I  neglected  to  notice  the  eggs, 
though  I  had  read  of  them  beforehand,  looking 
rather  at  the  crucifix  than  at  its  accessories. 
I  was  reminded  by  seeing  them  figured  in  a 
picture  in  the  baptistery  in  one  of  the  parish 
churches  (probably  that  of  San  Gil),  and 
returned  to  the  Cathedral  to  compensate 
myself  for  my  oversight,  but,  unhappily, 
found  the  image  veiled.  I  have  one  of  Lau- 
rent's photographs  of  the  subjecfc. 

I  am  very  much  obliged  to  DON  FLORENCIO 
DE  UHAGON  for  offering  to  correspond  with 
me  direct ;  but  I  should  be  sorry  to  deprive 
'N.  &  Q.'  of  the  pleasure  and  advantage  of 
his  communications.  ST.  SWITHIU. 

ST.  GEORGE  (10th  S.  ii.  168).— One  can  only 
assume  that  the  proverb  alluded  to  has  its 
origin  in  the  old  pictures  which  show  our 
titular  saint  in  the  act  of  slaying  the  dragon 
— as  we  should  say  in  Yorkshire,  "  He  never 
gets  any  forrader."  And  lest  any  of  my 
readers  examine  the  coins  in  their  pockets 
and  say  that  the  charger  bestridden  by  the 
saint  has  no  saddle,  I  will  here  tell  them 
that  engravings  may  be  met  with  showing 
St.  George  seated  on  a  saddled  horse. 

As  bearing  upon  this  subject  the  following 
account  of  the  "Riding  of  St.  George"  will 
prove  of  interest.  In  the  church  of  St.  Martin 
at  Leicester  was  formerly  held  St.  George's 
Guild,  a  fraternity  which  was  invested  with 
peculiar  privileges,  and  annually  ordained  a 
sort  of  jubilee  in  the  town  with  the  above 
title.  The  master  of  the  guild  gave  public 
notice  to  the  inhabitants  of  the  day  appointed 
for  the  ceremony. 

In  an  old  hall-book,  anno  17  Edward  IV., 
is  an  express  order  enjoining  all  the  in- 
habitants, by  general  summons,  to  attend 
"to  ride  against  the  King,  or  for  riding  the 


512 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io»  s.  n.  D«C.  2*.  190*. 


George,  or  any  other  thing,  to  the  pleasure 
of  the  mayor  and  worship  of  the  town." 
Another  order  occurs,  24  Henry  VII.,  speci- 
fying "that  every  one  of  the  forty-eight 
should  contribute  towards  the  support  of 
St.  George's  Guild ;  those  who  had  been 
chamberlains  sixpence,  and  the  others  four- 
pence  annually."  In  15  Henry  VIII.,  the 
master  having  neglected  to  notice  or  pro- 
claim this  annual  custom,  an  order  was  made, 
subjecting  him  to  a  fine  of  5l.  in  default 
of  appointing  a  day  between  St.  George's 
Day  and  Whit  Sunday.  In  the  St.  George's 
Chapel  attached  to  the  church  the  effigy  of 
a  horse  harnessed,  or  decorated  with  gaudy 
church  trappings,  was  formerly  kept.  After 
the  Reformation,  according  to  p.  133  of  '  A 
Walk  through  Leicester,'  1804,  this  horse 
was  sold  for  twelvepence. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 
Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

I  have  no  acquaintance  with  the  work 
from  which  ME.  HAINES  quotes,  but  I  have 
on  several  occasions  heard  the  proverb 
"Always  in  his  saddle,  but  never  on  his 
way,"  used  with  reference  to  equestrian 
statues  generally,  especially  where  the  horse's 
legs  express  movement.  Perhaps  this  is  the 
meaning  in  the  passage  quoted. 

F.  A.  RUSSELL. 

Catford,  S.E. 

RUSKIN  AT  NEUOHATEL  (10th  S.  ii.  348).— I 
can  recall  no  passage  in  which  Ruskin  gives 
an  'account  of  his  receiving  his  first  revela- 
tion of  the  beauty  of  nature  when  walking 
on  the  shores  of  the  lake  of  Neuchatel,  and  I 
would  suggest  that  MRS.  STEPHENSON  is  under 
a  misapprehension  in  the  matter.  If  she  will 
turn  to  '  Prseterita,'  vol.  i.  c,  vi.  sees.  133, 
134,  and  135  (1899  edition),  she  will  find  an 
account  of  the  author's  sensations  at  his  first 
sight  of  the  Alps  from  a  garden-terrace  at 
Schaffhausen,  which  is  probably  the  passage 
she  is  in  search  of.  In  the  last-mentioned 
section  Ruskin  says  that  the  sight  of  the 
Alps  was  to  him  not  only  the  revelation  of 
the  beauty  of  the  earth,  but  the  opening  of 
the  first  page  of  the  volume,  and  that  to  that 
garden-terrace  at  Schaffhausen  and  the  lake 
of  Geneva  his  heart  and  faith  constantly  re- 
turned in  every  impulse  that  was  nobly  alive 
in  them,  and  every  thought  that  had  in  it 
help  or  peace.  Vol.  ii.  of  'Prseterita'  con- 
tains much  about  Geneva.  J.  COLES,  Jun. 

Frome. 

BIRTH  AT  SEA  IN  1805  (10th  S.  ii.  448).  — 
At  the  date  mentioned  there  was  not  any 
official  registration  of  births  in  England. 
This  was  introduced  by  the  Act  6  &  7 


William  IV.,  c.  86,  which  came  into  opera- 
tion on  1  March,  1837,  and  made  provision 
by  its  20th  section  for  the  registration  of  the 
birth  of  the  child  of  an  English  parent  born 
at  sea  on  board  a  British  vessel. 

In  1805  the  child,  if  its  parents  were 
members  of  the  Church  of  England,  would, 
if  not  baptized  before  its  arrival  in  England, 
be  no  doubt  baptized  in  some  parish  church 
in  England.  But  there  was  no  obligation  to 
have  it  baptized  in  any  particular  parish. 
Search  for  a  record  of  the  baptism  might  be 
made  in  the  register  of  the  parish  in  which 
the  Saracen's  Head  was  situate,  and  perhaps 
in  those  of  some  of  the  neighbouring  parishes, 

E.  T.  B. 

In  sum,  the  Stepney  parishionership  legend 
can  be  accounted  for  by  the  fact  that  in  the 
olden  days  Wapping  was  the  common  landing- 
place  for  seafaring  folk,  whence  the  nearest 
register  (i.e.,  christening)  would  be  used. 
Further,  many  sailor-fathers  lived  in  Stepney 
until  very  recently.  Is  it  a  fact  that  a  child 
born  at  sea  cannot  be  charged  as  a  passenger  ? 

MEDICULUS. 

OXFORD  ALMANAC  DESIGNERS  (10th  S.  ii. 
428). — The  first  Oxford  Almanac  was  drawn 
up  by  Maurice  Wheeler,  minor  canon  of 
Christ  Church  in  1673.  Robert  White  en- 
graved the  sheet  almanac  in  1674.  The 
prints  of  forty-seven  of  the  earlier  numbers 
were  mostly  engraved  by  Michael  Burghers, 
and  those  from  1723  to  1751  chiefly  by 
Vertue.  For  fuller  accounts  of  these  almanacs 
consult  Vertue's  'Anecdotes  of  Painting/ 
vol.  v.  280;  'Oxoniana,'  i.  178;  Gentleman's 
Magazine,  Ixi.  207  ;  '  N.  &  Q.,'  2nd  S.  i.  255. 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

MAYERS'  SONG  (10th  S.  i.  7).— It  does  not 
seem  as  though  any  answer  were  forthcoming 
to  the  query  at  the  above  reference  as  to  the 
melody.  If,  however,  one  does  appear,  may 
we  hope  to  have  therewith  a  pronouncement 
as  to  whether  the  version  of  the  first  versa 
there  given  from  3rd  S.  vii.  373  is  correct  ?  It 
differs  from  that  set  out  in  Brand's  *  Popular 
Antiquities '  (Bohn's  edition),  i.  230,  and 
Hone's  *  Every-Day  Book,'  i.  567-8. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

PARISH  DOCUMENTS  :  THEIR  PRESERVATION 
(10th  S.  ii.  267,  330,414,  476).— A  statement  on 
p.  476  by  MR.  COLEMAN,  referring  to  the- 
parish  records  in  this  Library,  is  likely  to 
cause  inconvenience  and  disappointment  if 
allowed  to  pass  uncorrected.  The  records 
deposited  here  do  not  contain  a  single  parish 
register,  as  stated  by  him,  but  consist  chiefly 


ii.  DEC.  24, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


513 


of  vestry  minutes,  churchwardens'  accounts, 
and  rate-books.  The  collection  consists  of 
considerably  more  than  4,400  manuscripts, 
and  no  fewer  than  63  parishes  and  17  wards 
of  the  City  are  represented.  B.  KETTLE. 
Guildhall  Library,  E.G. 

MARY  CARTER  (10th  S.  ii.  409).— Possibly 
the  information  sought  for  by  DR.  STANLEY 
B.  ATKINSON  may  be  obtained  from  the  fol- 
lowing work,  which  is  offered  for  4s  Qd. 
by  Messrs.  Henry  R.  Hill  &  Son,  61,  New 
Oxford  Street,  W.C.,  in  their  Catalogue 
of  Second-hand  Books,  No.  75,  December, 
which  has  just  reached  me  : — 

"  No.  157.  Cromwell  (The  House  of).  A  Genea- 
logical History  of  the  Family  and  Descendants  of 
the  Protector.  By  James  Waylen.  A  new  edition, 
revised  by  J.  G.  Cromwell.  8vo,  cloth,  Stock,  1897." 

I  have  a  copy  of  Betham's  'Genealogical 
Tables,'  London,  1795,  but  in  Table  dclxvi., 
'House  of  Cromwell,'  he  merely  gives  Mary 
(fifth  child  and  fourth  daughter)  as  daughter 
of  Bridget  Cromwell  (born  1624,  married 
5  January,  1647,  died  5  September,  1681)  and 
Henry  Ire  ton,  Lord  Deputy  of  Ireland  1651, 
and  married  to  Nicholas  Carter. 

FRANCIS  H.  HELTON. 

9,  Broughton  Road,  Thornton  Heath. 

VACCINATION  AND  INOCULATION  (10th  S.  ii. 
27,  132,  216,  313,  394,  456).  —  Lady  Mary 
Wortley  Montagu  was  certainly  one  of  the 
great  benefactors  of  the  human  race,  and  it 
would  indeed  be  a  disgrace  to  this  country 
if  no  memorial  of  her  existed.  Like  other 
great  discoverers,  she  made  no  claim  to 
finality.  Her  method  was  improved  upon, 
and  by  the  end  of  the  eighteenth  century 
the  operation  had  come  to  be  attended  with 
comparatively  slight  risk.  Of  5,964  people 
inoculated  in  the  three  years  1797  -  9  only 
three  died.  During  this  century  inoculation 
was  practically  the  only  means  of  mitigating 
in  any  degree  the  terrors  of  that  frightful 
scourge  which,  as  Macaulay  says,  was  u  always 
present,  filling  the  churchyards  with  corpses, 
tormenting  with  constant  fears  all  whom  it 
had  not  yet  stricken,  leaving  on  those  whose 
lives  it  spared  the  hideous  traces  of  its 
power."  Had  the  practice  of  inoculation 
continued  it  would,  no  doubt,  have  become 
by  the  present  time,  through  improved 
methods  and  selection  of  cases,  a  safe  and 
simple  operation,  attended  with  but  little 
risk  and  only  a  passing  inconvenience.  But 
another  method  was  discovered  by  which 
these  results  were  arrived  at  more  rapidly, 
and  the  original  method  was,  as  a  matter  of 
course,  suppressed.  But  this  fact  in  no  way 
diminishes  the  honour  due  to  the  heroic  dis- 


coverer (or  rather  the  introducer,  for  the 
custom  was  an  ancient  one),  who  risked  the 
life  of  her  own  child  in  order  to  mitigate 
the  terrors  and  sufferings  of  her  fellow- 
countrymen.  She  remains,  for  all  time,  the 
pioneer,  in  this  country  at  least,  of  those 
later  researches  in  preventive  inoculation  by 
means  of  which  so  many  lives  have  been 
saved,  and  which  promise  still  greater  results- 
in  the  future.  To  take  exception  to  a 
memorial  in  Lichfield  Cathedral  seems  on  a 
par  with  a  suggestion  to  destroy  all  mementoes 
of,  say,  George  Stephenson,  because  his 
original  locomotives  have  not  been  found 
equal  to  the  requirements  of  the  twentieth 
century.  J.  FOSTER  PALMER. 

8,  Royal  Avenue,  S.W. 

Lady  M.  W.  Montagu's  claim  is  indisputable; 
but  inoculation  did  not  at  once  "take  on." 
An  entry  in  Mrs.  Langdon's  MS.  Diary,  from 
which  I  have  already  quoted,  runs  thus : 
23  March,  1770,  "  received  a  letter  from  Leeds, 
heard  of  dear  George's  welfare,  he  is  inoculated 

for  the  smallpox providence    has    given 

such  abundant  success  to  that  means  with 
respect  to  so  many  who  have  submitted  to  it." 
It  was  opposed  by  the  bishops  till  1760,  and 
its  adoption  may  be  credited  to  Benjamin 
Jesty,  of  Downshay,  near  Corfe  Castle,  it 
becoming  very  general  about  1797.  A.  H. 

CLOCK  BY  W.  FRANKLIN  (10th  S.  ii.  448).— 
In  augmentation  to  your  note  on  this 
matter,  if  MR.  RICHARDS  will  refer  to  '  Old 
Clocks  and  Watches  and  their  Makers,'  by 
Britten,  p.  313,  he  will  find  illustrations  of 
spandrils  or  corners  given,  and  mention  made 
that  the  double  cupid  and  crown  came  in 
about  the  time  of  Queen  Anne;  though  from 
his  query  I  gather  that  this  is  an  adornment 
in  the  shape  of  a  casting  put  on  above  the 
square  dial,  and  I  think  he  will  find  that  this 
was  not  introduced  till  about  1740-50. 

I  should  advise  that  the  works  and  hands 
of  the  clock  be  carefully  looked  at  by  a 
competent  clockmaker  who  understands  the 
works  of  old  clocks,  as  in  many  long  clocks 
now,  though  the  dials  are  old,  the  works  and 
case  are  new,  or  comparatively  so. 

H.  J.  GIFFORD. 

SIR  WALTER  L'ESPEC  (10th  S.  ii.  287).— When 
I  read  the  query  at  the  above  reference  I 
opened  my  eyes  in  wonderment.  A  Richard 
Speke  at  Whitelackington  in  1183  !  I  should 
like  to  know  the  source  of  your  querist's 
information.  The  Spekes  are  not  found  at 
Whitelackington  for  a  space  of  250  years  after 
the  above  date,  as  I  shall  subsequently 
explain.  At  that  early  date  the  Montsorrels 
were  lords  of  Whitelackington.  In  1166 


514 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  IL  DEC.  24, 190*. 


Alured  de  Monte-Sorel  held  three  knights' 
fees  of  Gerbert  de  Percy,  a  representative 
of  Roger  Arundel,  the  Domesday  owner  of 
Whitelackington. 

In  all  the  pedigrees  of  the  Speke  family 
which  I  have  carefully  examined  I  have 
been  able  to  find  no  link  establishing  a 
connexion  between  the  L'Especs  of  Yorkshire 
and  those  of  Devonshire  or  Somerset.  That 
there  was  a  connexion,  and  that  the  West- 
Country  Spekes  claimed  such  in  early  times, 
is  probable ;  but,  so  far  as  I  know,  satisfactory 
evidence  thereof  is  non-existent.  It  would 
appear  that  they  were  settled  in  Devonshire 
as  early  as  the  other  branch  is  found  in  York- 
shire. Sir  William  Pole,  who  wrote  in  the 
early  part  of  the  seventeenth  century,  refers 
to  Brampford  Speke,  a  parish  near  Exeter,  as 
follows  : — 

"  It  hath  a  very  longe  tyme  bine  the  inheritance 
of  the  name  of  Speak  or  Espeak,  which  have  bine  in 
the  first  tymes,  not  long  after  ye  Conquest,  men  of 
very  greate  estate  and  condition,  as  it  may  appeare 
by  this  deede  followinge,  as  exemplified  in  the 
lieger  booke  of  thabbey  of  lior." 

The  deed  need  not  be  quoted  here,  but  it 
would  seem  the  manor  of  Brampford  was 
conferred,  as  a  reward  for  his  services,  upon 
the  founder  of  the  family.  He  was  given 
also  other  manors  in  Devonshire  and  else- 
where ;  then,  after  a  time,  branches  were  to 
be  found  settled  in  the  adjoining  county 
of  Somerset,  and  also  in  Bedfordshire  and 
Lancashire.  The  daughter  of  Sir  Walter 
1'Espec  married  Peter  Roos,  the  founder  of  the 
family  of  the  Duke  of  Rutland.  Walter's  only 
son  was  killed  while  hunting,  whereupon  the 
father,  full  of  grief,  became  a  monk,  and  died 
in  1153.  I  think  it  probable  that  he  was 
brother  to  the  grandfather  of  Richard  1'Espec, 
and  that  his  (Walter's)  father  was  one  of  the 
Conqueror's  fortunate  followers.  I  think 
there  can  be  no  question  but  the  name  1'Espec 
is  derived  from  the  Norman-French  1'Espicier, 
in  O.E.  the  spicer.  In  the  reign  of  Ed- 
ward III.  it  became  Speke.  A  variant  was 
Speck.  Leland  writes  it  Spek.  It  is  a  strange 
circumstance  that  the  name  is  not  to  be 
found  in  the  'Testa  de  Nevill.' 

Richard  1'Espec's  great-grandson  Sir  William 
Espec  married  Alice,  daughter  of  Sir 
William  Gervoise,  of  Exon,  and  had  by  her 
a  son  William,  who  married  Juliana,  daughter 
of  Sir  John  de  Valletort,  of  Clist  St.  Lawrence. 
They  had  two  sons,  William  and  John.  John 
resided  at  Brampford  ;  his  wife  was  Constance, 
daughter  of  John  de  Esse,  and  they  had 
three  sons,  two  of  whom  died  s.p.,  leaving 
William  the  third  son,  who  assumed  the  name 
of  bpeke.  John  Speke,  son  of  this  William, 


married  Joan,  daughter  of  John  Keynes,  of 
Dowlish  Wake  (who  died  8  Henry  V.),  and 
thereby  obtained  estates  in  Dowlish  which 
had  been  acquired  by  the  family  of  Keynes, 
in  the  time  of  Henry  III.,  by  marriage  with 
the  heiress  of  Thomas  Wake.  Sir  John 
Speke,  Knt.,  the  son  of  John  Speke  and  Joan 
his  wife,  married  Alice,  cousin  and  heiress 
of  Sir  Thomas  Beauchamp,  Knt.,  who  died  in 
1430,  and  in  that  way  the  Spekes  acquired 
Whitelackington,  and  also  the  manorof  Ashill. 
About  the  middle  of  the  fifteenth  century  the 
Spekes  removed  from  Brampford  to  Somerset- 
shire, taking  up  their  residence  first  at 
Whitelackington  House,  next  at  Dillington 
House,  and  finally  at  Jordans. 

Since  writing  •  the  above,  I  believe  I  have 
traced  the  source  of  LADY  RUSSELL'S  error. 
In  'A  Compleat  [?]  History  of  Somerset,' 
published  at  Sherborne  in  1742,  this  paragraph 
occurs  :  — 

"Whitelackington,  a  village  in  soil  rich  and 
fertile,  and  in  situation  healthy  and  pleasant,  once 
the  seat  of  the  family  of  L'Especs  or  Spekes.  Their 
ancestor  Richard  Espec  founded  three  goodly  abbeys, 
Kirkham,  Rievaulx,  in  Yorkshire,  and  Warden,  in 
Bedford,  in  the  second  of  which  he  lived  two  years, 
and  there  died  and  was  buried.  This  Richard  was 
the  first  that  fixed  his  seat  here,  and  from  him 
twenty  generations  had  descended  in  Camden's 
time  "—in  1607  ! 

This  work  was  mainly  a  compilation  from 
Camden,  with  additions  by  other  writers,  and 
the  above  extract  affords  another  specimen 
of  the  way  in  which  history  is  written. 

WM.  LOCKE  RADFOED. 

Ilminster. 

WOOLMEN  IN  THE  FIFTEENTH  CENTURY  (10th 

S.  ii.  448).— Appended  to  Miss  E.  Dixon's 
excellent  paper  on  *  The  Florentine  Wool 
Trades  in  the  Middle  Ages,'  printed  in  the 
Transactions  of  the  Royal  Historical  Society, 
New  Series,  vol.  xii.,  1898,  is  a  bibliography 
which  your  correspondent  may  find  it  worth 
his  while  to  look  at.  G.  L.  APPERSON. 

James  Bischoff  wrote  'A  Comprehensive 
History  of  the  Woollen  and  Worsted  Manu- 
factures'  (London,  1842,  2  vols.),  and  John 
James  a  4  History  of  the  Worsted  Manu- 
facture in  England  '  (London,  1857). 

WILLIAM  E.  A.  AXON. 

Manchester. 

Your  correspondent  will  find  some  in- 
teresting particulars  of  the  wool  trade  in 
Gloucestershire  in  '  The  Cely  Papers  :  Selec- 
tions from  the  Correspondence  and  Memo- 
randa of  the  Cely  Family,  Merchants  of  the 
Staple,  1475-88'  (Royal  Historical  Society, 
Camden  Series,  iii.  vol.  i.,  1900).  For  later 
times  I  may  mention  '  State  of  the  Case  and 


io*s.  ii.  DEC.  24.19M.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


515 


•a  Narrative  of  Facts  relating  to  the  late 
Commotions  and  Rising  of  the  Weavers  in 
the  County  of  Gloucester,'  1757,  and  Exell's 
''  Brief  History  of  the  Weavers  of  the  County 
of  Gloucester,'  1838.  The  latter  cites  the 
principal  points  of  the  laws  passed  temp. 
Elizabeth.  G.  P.  L. 

I  should  advise  your  correspondent  to 
consult  '  Wool  Trade  in  the  Fourteenth  and 
Fifteenth  Century'  (Traill's  *  Social  England, 
ii.,  1897),  and  '  Uses  of  Wool  in  Ancient 
Times'  (Burnley's  'Wool  and  Wool  Comb- 
ing,' 1889).  EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

[W.  C.  B.  also  refers  to  'The  Cely  Papers.'] 

CAWOOD  FAMILY  (10th  S.  ii.  205).— It  may 
interest  your  correspondent  to  know  that 
there  is  a  very  flourishing  branch  of  the 
Cawood  family  in  South  Africa.  Among  the 
British  settlers  of  1820  was  David  Cawood.  He 
came  from  Up  wood  Farm,  and  Cawood's  Mill, 
near  Keighley,  in  Yorkshire,  and  settled  near 
Orahamstown,  in  the  eastern  province  of  Cape 
Colony.  He  was  married,  and  brought  with 
him  six  sons  and  three  daughters,  xvhose 
descendants  now  number  upwards  of  four 
hundred  persons.  The  most  distinguished 
of  his  sons  were  Samuel  and  Joseph,  who 
subsequently  became  members  of  the  Legis- 
lative Council,  which  carries  with  it  the  title 
of  "  Honourable."  But  the  brothers  had  been 
renowned  for  their  courage  and  daring  many 
years  before.  In  1830  William,  James,  Joseph, 
and  Samuel  Cawood  went  through  Kafirland 
to  Natal  on  a  trading  expedition.  It  was  a 
perilous  undertaking,  for  the  tyrant  Dingaan 
was  then  in  full  power,  and  showed  little 
mercy  to  those  who  ventured  within  his 
dominions.  They  stayed  ten  days  at  the 
chiefs  kraal,  but  when  they  left  he  treacher- 
ously sent  an  impi  to  overtake  and  kill 
them.  Fortunately  they  took  the  route  along 
the  beach,  while  the  impi  took  the  inland 
route,  and,  as  heavy  rains  had  obliterated 
their  spoor,  the  bold  youths  escaped,  and 
were  spared  to  take  a  leading  part  in  the 
future  history  of  the  colony. 

I  have  before  me  "the  ensigns  armorial  of 
the  Hon.  Joseph  Cawood,  Esq.,  M.L.C.,  Cape 
of  Good  Hope,"  which  are  blazoned  thus : 
Party  per  chevron  embattled  sable  and 
argent,  three  stags'  heads  caboshed,  counter- 
changed,  for  Cawood  ;  for  difference,  a  border 
party  per  fesse  charged  with  an  orle  of 
trefoils  slipped,  all  counter-changed ;  and 
for  cadetship  a  fleur-de-lis  sable  on  the  apex 
of  the  chevron.  Crest,  on  a  wreath  of  his 
colours  a  stag's  head  caboshed  ppr.,  charged 
with  a  fleur-de-lis  sable.  Motto,  "Suaviter." 


There  is  a  life  of  John  Cawood,  Queen's 
Printer  temp.  Philip  and  Mary,  in  the  '  Dic- 
tionary of  National  Biography.' 

J.  A.  HEWITT,  D.C.L., 

Canon  of  Grahamstown. 
Rectory,  Cradock,  South  Africa. 

In  the  biography  in  the'D.N.B.,'  ix.  379, 
of  John  Cawood,  the  Queen's  Printer,  an 
account  is  given  of  his  children  by  his  first 

wife  Joane ,  including   their  son  John 

Cawood,  B.C.L.,  the  Wykehamist,  who 
is  said  to  have  died  of  the  plague  in 
London  in  1570.  See  Kirby's  'Winchester 
Scholars'  and  Foster's  'Alumni  Oxoni- 
enses.'  I  should  be  grateful  for  infor- 
mation concerning  the  precise  date  and 
place  of  this  son's  burial.  According  to  the 
*  D.N.B. '  the  names  of  the  printer's  second 
and  third  wives  are  not  known.  Was  either 
of  them  "Agnes  Keame,  widow,  of  St.  Cle- 
ment Danes,"  for  his  marriage  with  whom 
"John  Cawood,  of  St.  Faith's,"  obtained  a 
general  licence  from  the  Bishop  of  London, 
21  June,  1569  (Harl.  Soc.  Publ.,  xxv.  42)?  ^ 

H.  C. 

It  may  be  of  interest  to  record  the  following 
sketch  pedigree,  viz.,  David,  died  1348  ;  John, 
died  1390 ;  John,  died  1402-3  ;  Peter,  died 
1435  ;  John,  living  1427,  apparently  died  v.p. 
Margaret,  his  heir,  married  Richard  of  Aclam, 
near  Cleveland,  1475.  Here  John,  son  of 
David,  is  the  grantee  of  1336  at  Stirling,  in 
favour  of  his  son  John  and  the  wife,  named 
Margaret  de  Hathersege.  But  these  Cawoods 
are  mixed  up  with  the  Cecils,  for  we  have 
a  David  Cecil  of  Cawood  ;  and  there  was  a 
Sisley  family  at  Fountains  about  1400,  the 
abbey  being  closely  identified  with  Cawood. 
Further,  the  Cawoods  at  Stirling  collide  with 
the  Sitsylt  legend  of  Stirling.  It  is  easy  to 
postulate  a  theory  by  which  Cecil,  quasi- 
Cawood,  was  supplanted  by  Sitsylt  to  frame 
a  pedigree. 

These  Cawoods  were  foresters,  or  keepers 
of  the  local  woodland,  for  several  generations ; 
but  there  are  two  places  so  named  —  the 
principal  one  in  Yorkshire,  as  above,  the 
other  in  Lancashire. 

John,  the  Queen's  Printer,  left  a  son 
named  William,  who  was  Master  of  the 
Stationers'  Company  in  1592,  also  in  1599. 

A.  HALL. 

Rob.  Cawood,  Clerk  of  the  Pipe  in  the 
King's  Exchequer,  was  buried  in  the  church  of 
St.  Botolph,  Aldersgate,  1466  (Stow,  'Survey 
of  London ').  R.  J.  FYNMORE. 

Allen  ('  Hist,  of  London,'  iii.  65)  says  :— 
"Henry  VI.  in  the  24th  of  his  reign,  1445,  gave  a, 
icence  to  Dame  Joan  Astley,  sometime  his  nurse 


516 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [10*  s.  n.  DEC.  2*.  190*. 


Robert  Cawood,  Clerk  of  the  Pipe,  and  Thomas 
Smith  to  refound  the  [brotherhood  connected  with 
the  church  of  St.  Botolph  without  Aldersgate]  to 
the  honour  of  the  Holy  Trinity." 

Concerning  the  celebrated  portrait  of  Mary, 
Queen  of  Scots,  in  the  possession  of  Blairs 
College,  the  following  sentence  occurs  in  the 
description  given  by  the  secretaries  on  the 
occasion  of  the  Tercentenary  Exhibition  at 
Peterborough  in  1887  :— 

"It  is  very  probable  that  this  portrait  may  have 
been  painted  by  Amyas  Cawood  for  Jane  Kennedy 
and  Elizabeth  Curie  after  their  removal  to  France. 
The  portrait  of  the  decapitated  head  at  Abbotsford 
is  signed  Amyas  Cawood,  and  he  may  have  painted 
this  portrait  from  a  drawing  made  in  Queen  Mary's 
lifetime." 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

THE  CHILTERN  HUNDREDS  (10th  S.  ii.  441).— 
A  very  interesting  article  upon  these  appeared 
in  the  November  issue  of  the  World  and  his 
Wife,  contributed  by  Mr.  Yoxall,  M.P. 

W.  CURZON  YEO. 

BIRTH-MARKS  (10th  S.  -i.  362,  430,  493).— 
See  note  U  to  '  Redgauntlet.'  Is  it  known  to 
whom  Scott  refers  in  this  note  1 

JOHN  B.  WAINE WRIGHT. 

BERWICK  :  STEPS  OF  GRACE  (10th  S.  ii.  426). 
— In  the  history  of  the  town  and  guild  of 
Berwick-on-Tweed,  by  John  Scott,  reference 
is  made  to  the  "Steps  of  Grace,"  among  the 
bounds  or  lands  belonging  to  the  freemen. 

Lamberton  Toll  is  at  the  boundaries  of  the 
parish  with  the  liberties  of  Berwick,  and 
here  many  marriages  were  celebrated,  as  at 
Gretna  Green.  At  the  Scottish  side  of  the 
bridge  which  crosses  the  Tweed  at  Cold- 
stream,  the  boundary  line  there  between 
England  and  Scotland,  it  was  quite  a  common 
thing  for  similar  unions  to  take  place.  In  an 
old  edition  of  *  Chambers's  Gazetteer  of  Scot- 
land '  it  is  stated  :— 

"Coldstream  enjoys  part  of  that  matrimonial 
trade  which  has  become  so  notorious  at  Gretna 
Green.  The  person  keeping  the  chief  inn  shows, 
with  some  pride,  the  room  in  which  Lord  Chan- 
cellor Brougham  submitted  to  hymeneal  bonds." 
And  a  foot-note  adds  :— 

"It  is  a  remarkable  circumstance  that  three 
Lord  Chancellors  of  England,  out  of  four  in 
succession,  were  married  in  this  clandestine  manner. 
We  need  scarcely  mention  that  the  other  guilty 
persons  were  Erskine  and  Eldon." 

J.  LINDSAY  HILSON. 
Jedburgh  Public  Library. 

I  well  remember  the  marriages  that  used  to 
take  place  at  Lamberton  Toll  in  1853.  .The 
bridge  across  the  Tweed  between  Coldstream 
and  Cornhill  was  the  resort  of  young  people 


at  fair  time  who  wanted  a  hurried  and  cheap 
marriage.  ALFRED  F.  CURWEN. 

Steps  of  Grace  is  the  name  of  a  farmhouse 
near  Berwick-on-Tweed.  Lamberton  Toll 
Bar  was  the  Gretna  Green  of  the  Eastern 
Border.  There  is  an  article,  with  illustrations 
of  it,  in  Monthly  Chronicle  of  North-Country 
Lore  and  Legend,  1888,  p.  320. 

W.  E.  WILSON. 

Hawick. 

CAPE  BAR  MEN  (10th  S.  ii.  346,  397).— Is  it 
possible  that  Lord  St.  Vincent  meant 
capstan  bar  men  2  "  Capbar  "  is  an  obsolete 
form  for  "capstan  bar."  The  men  who- 
worked  at  these  bars  did  probably  not 
belong  to  the  seafaring  aristocracy. 

C.  THIEME. 

CHILDREN  AT  EXECUTIONS  (10th  S.  ii.  346,. 
454). — I  have  heard  the  present  courteous 
owner  of  Aldcliffe  Hall,  on  the  banks  of  the 
Lune,  near  here  (Edward  Bousfield  Dawson, 
Esq.,  J.P.),  describe  being  taken  out  as  a  boy 
from  the  Royal  Grammar  School  (removed 
from  near  the  church  in  1851)  to  see  criminals 
executed  at  the  Castle  hard  by. 

T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 

Lancaster. 

I  remember  many  years  ago  an  old  friend 
of  mine,  who  died  at  the  age  of  ninety,, 
describing  to  me  how,  when  he  was  a  boy  at 
the  old  Grammar  School,  Sheffield,  the  master 
gave  all  the  boys  a  holiday,  and  took  them, 
in  procession  to  see  Spence  Broughton  gib- 
beted on  Attercliffe  Common,  6  February,. 
1792.  Spence  Broughton  was  executed  at 
York  for  robbing  the  postboy  who  was 
carrying  the  mail- bag  between  Sheffield  and 
Rotherham.  It  was  a  general  holiday  in 
Sheffield  the  day  that  Broughton  was  gib- 
beted. CHARLES  GREEN. 

VERSE  TRANSLATIONS  OF  MOLIERE  (10th  S. 
ii.  448). — The  six  adaptations  from  Moliere 
printed  in  "  Morley's  Universal  Library  "  are 
practically  all  in  prose,  although  in  Van- 
brugh's  'The  Mistake'  (lLe  Depit  Amour- 
eux')  and  Wycherley's  'The  Plain  Dealer' 
('  Le  Misanthrope ')  the  characters  occasion- 
ally break  into  verse  under  the  influence  of 
strong  emotion.  In  Fielding's  'The  Miser' 
('L'Avare')  and  Cibber's  'The  Non- Juror' 
('Le  Tartufe')  a  couplet  sometimes  occurs. 
Of  course  songs  are  inserted  in  all  the  plays 
where  needed.  A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

AINSTY  (10th  S.  ii.  25, 97,  455).— ST.  SWITHIN 
is  referred  to  Coventry,  Dorking,  Hiltonr 
(Dorset),  Hindon  (Wilts),  South  Molton, 
Thurcaston,  and  Buntingford.  The  prefix. 


.  n.  DEC.  24, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


517 


Ain  or  An=hen=old  ;  and,  as  mere  spellings 
do  not  count,  compare  Ainstable,  Ainthorpe, 
Aintree.  ARTHUR  HALL. 

Highbury,  N. 

"L.S."  (10th  S.  ii.  428).— The  explanation 
as  to  the  meaning  of  these  letters  on  copies 
of,  or  drafts  of,  deeds  is  quite  correct.  But 
why  any  solicitor  should  have  had,  as  seems 
suggested,  the  same  letters,  in  that  con- 
nexion, placed  on  a  mural  tablet  to  his 
memory,  would  be  beyond  his  confreres  to 
conceive.  Probably  they  do  stand  for  Law- 
Society,  the  title  popularly  used  by  solicitors 
for  the  then  Incorporated  Law  Society  of 
the  United  Kingdom,  now  changed  to  the 
Law  Society.  MISTLETOE. 

"MALE"  (10th  S.  ii.  426,  453).— Dr.  Edwin 
Freshfield,  in  a  foot-note  on  p.  iii  of  the 
Introduction  to  the  'Records  of  the  Society 
•of  Gentlemen  Practisers  in  the  Courts  of 
Law  and  Equity,'  says  of  the  phrase  "  male 
and  unfair  practice  "  : — 

"  The  word  '  male '  is  not,  as  I  first  thought,  a 
mistake  in  spelling,  but  represents,  I  believe,  the 
manner  in  which  the  word  we  call  '  mal-practice ' 
was  then  pronounced." 

It  is  obvious  that  the  *  Records '  are  making 
use  of  the  word  as  an  adjective. 

MISTLETOE. 

BATTLE  OF  SPURS  (10th  S.  ii.  426).— 
Townsend,  in  his  '  Manual  of  Dates,'  under 
the  name  'Guinegate,'  mentions  two  battles 
as  having  been  fought  at  this  place :  the 
first,  that  in  which  the  Flemings  defeated 
the  French,  11  July,,  1302;  the  second  between 
Henry  VIII.  and  the  French,  16  August, 
1513.  He  says  both  were  called  "  the  Battle 
of  the  Spurs." 

The  first  of  these,  I  believe,  is  more  cor- 
rectly known  as  the  battle  of  Courtrai.  In 
this  engagement  the  Flemings,  numbering 
20,000,  consisting  principally  of  weavers  from 
Ghent  and  Bruges,  were  led  by  the  Count  of 
Namur.  The  French,  under  Robert,  Count 
•of  Artois,  numbered  7,000  knights  and  40,000 
infantry.  The  French  were  utterly  routed, 
and  from  the  number  of  gilt  spurs  gathered 
on  the  field,  and  hung  up  as  a  trophy  in  the 
church  of  the  convent  of  Groenangen, 
the  battle  took  its  name,  being  called  by 
the  French  journee  des  eperont,  dor.  Long- 
fellow refers  to  the  encounter  in  '  The  Belfry 
of  Bruges ' : — 

I  beheld  the  Flemish  weavers,  with  Namur  and 

Juliers  bold, 
Marching  homeward  from  the  bloody  battle  of  the 

Spurs  of  Gold. 

The  battle  in  Henry  VIII. Js  reign  was 
fought  at  Guinegate,  near  Tournai,  the 


French,  under  the  Due  de  Longueville,  being 
put  to  flight.  Hume  (ed.  1807)  gives  the 
accepted  explanation  of  the  name  "Battle 
of  Spurs,"  saying  that  the  engagement  was 
so  called  because  the  French  "made  more 
use  of  their  spurs  than  their  swords."  The 
following  are  the  authorities  he  supplies  at 
the  foot  of  the  page:  'Me'moires  de  Bellai,' 
liv.  i. ;  Polydore  Virgil,  liv.  xxvii. ;  Holinshed, 
p.  822 ;  Herbert. 

I  have  not  had  opportunity  to  refer  to 
these  works,  which  possibly  might  throw 
further  light  on  the  name.  The  alternative 
explanation  from  a  "  village  named  Spours  " 
is  new  to  me,  and  I  can  find  no  mention  of 
such  derivation  in  *  Ency.  Brit.,'  Townsend, 
Haydn,  'Chambers's  Ency.,'  Rosse,  Ploetz, 
Knight's  '  Cyclo.  of  Geography,'  or  Dr. 
Brewer's  'The  Reader's  Handbook  of  Allu- 
sions,' which  all  adhere  to  the  old  expla- 
nation. CHR.  WATSON. 

Haydn's  'Dictionary  of  Dates'  (twenty- 
second  ed.,  1898)  gives  the  following  under 
*  Spurs,  Battle  of' : — 

"This  battle  was  popularly  called  the  battle  of 
the  'Spurs,'  because  the  French  used  their  spurs 
more  than  their  swords.  The  name  was  really 
obtained  from  the  village  of  Spours  near  which  it 
was  fought. — Lodge." 

But,  on  the  other  hand,  here  are  other 
authorities.  Lingard,  in  his  '  History  of 
England,'  in  speaking  of  the  fight,  says : 
"The  French,  with  their  characteristic 
humour,  denominated  [it]  the  Battle  of  the 
Spurs  "  (vol.  iv.  chap.  vi.). 

Hume  and  Smollett,  in  their  'History  of 
England  '  (vol.  iii.  chap,  xxvii.),  say  :  — 

"This  action,  or  rather  rout,  is  sometimes 
called  the  Battle  of  Guinegate,  from  the  place 
where  it  was  fought ;  but  more  commonly  the 
Battle  of  Spurs,  because  the  French,  that  day, 
made  more  use  of  their  spurs  than  of  their  swords 
or  military  weapons." 

Brewer,  in  his  'Reign  of  Henry  VIII. 
(vol.  i.  p.  31,  foot-note),  has :  "  The  Battle 
of  the  Spurs  was  fought  at  Guinegaste,  or 
rather  at  Bomye,  near  Terouenne,  on  August 
18. "  The  Rev.  F.  Bright,  in  his  'History 
of  England,'  says :  "  This  curious  panic  the 
French  christened  the  Battle  of  the  Spurs  " 
(vol.  ii.  p.  370,  third  ed.,  1888).  And  finally, 
to  quote  once  again,  Holinshed 's  '  Chronicles' 
(of  England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland)  has  it 
thus : — 

"This  incounter  chancing  thus was  called  the 

battell  Des  Esprons,  by  the  Frenchmen  themselves, 
that  is  to  saie,  the  battell  of  spur  res :  foresomuch 
as  they  in  steed  of  sword  and  lance  used  their 
spurres  with  all  their  might  and  maine  to  pricke 
foorth  their  horsses  to  get  out  of  danger  ;  so  that 
in  them  was  verefied  the  old  prouerbe,  One  paire 


518 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  11.  DEC.  2*.  190*. 


of  heeles  is  worth  two  paire  of  hands."—'  England, 
vol.  iii.,  'Henrie  the  Eight.' 


Fort  Augustus. 


B.  W. 


It  was  a  minor  affair  at  Guinegate,  near 
Calais,  that  was  called  the  Battle  of  the 
Spurs  in  derision,  because,  it  is  said,  of  the 
unusual  energy  with  which  the  vanquished 
rode  off  the  field.  This  was  on  18  August, 
1513.  But  the  great  Battle  of  the  Spurs  was 
that  of  Courtray,  in  West  Flanders,  on 
11  July,  1302.  It  was  the  first  great  battle 
between  the  nobles  and  the  burghers,  which, 
with  the  subsequent  battles  of  Bannockburn, 
Crecy,  and  Poictiers,  decided  the  fate  of 
feudalism.  In  this  encounter  the  knights 
and  gentlemen  of  France  were  entirely  over- 
thrown by  the  citizens  of  a  Flemish  manu- 
facturing town.  The  French  nobility  rushed 
forward  with  loose  bridles,  and  fell  headlong, 
one  after  another,  into  an  enormous  ditch, 
which  lay  between  them  and  their  enemies. 
The  Flemish  were  led  by  John,  Count  of 
Namur,  and  William  de  Juliers,  and  the 
whole  French  army  was  annihilated.  Four 
thousand  golden  spurs,  worn  by  the  French 
knights,  were  found  on  the  field  after  the 
fight.  Hence  the  name. 

J.   HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

The  name  is  a  translation.  Frenchmen 
themselves  named  the  affair  la  fournee  des 
eperons,  and  it  took  place  at  Guinegaste 
(Guinegate),  near  Terouanne.  The  "  Spours  " 
of  MR.  DORMER'S  "alternative  derivation" 
must  be  a  bad  joke.  C.  S.  WARD. 

PUBLISHERS'  CATALOGUES  (10th  S.  ii.  50, 
118,  357,  455).— In  a  curious  little  book  called 
'  Culpeper's  Astrologicall  Judgment  of  Dis- 
eases Enlarged '  (1653)  there  is  a  very  in- 
teresting catalogue  of  fifty-five  books  by  the 
same  publisher.  The  list  is  headed  : — 

"  Reader,  These  Books  following  are  printed  for 
Nath.  Brooks,  and  are  to  be  sold  at  his  shop  at  the 
Angel  in  Cornhil." 

The  whole  list  seems  to  me  of  the  greatest 
interest.  There  are  several  works  by  Bishop 
Hall  of  Norwich,  by  Nicholas  Culpeper,  and 
one  "By  the  truly  noble  Elias  Ash  mole,  Esq." 

WM.  NORMAN. 
6,  St.  James's  Place,  Plumstead. 

STATUE  DISCOVERED  AT  CHARING  CROSS 
(10th  S.  ii.  448).— If  the  virtuosi  mentioned  in 
the  quaint  paragraph  quoted  by  MR.  HOLDEN 
MACMICHAEL  were  "  amused  "  by  the  statue 
discovered  at  Charing  Cross,  hagiologists  may 
have  smiled  at  the  assertion  that  St.  Sebastian, 
whom  it  was  supposed  to  represent,  had  been 
"shot  to  death  by  arrows."  We  are  told 


that  he  survived  the  attack  of  the  bowmen, 
and  was  actually  convalescent  when  he  wa» 
beaten  to  death  with  clubs.  Our  St.  Edmund, 
King  of  the  East  Angles,  was  also  used  as  a 
target  by  the  Danes,  and  was  finally  be- 
headed. ST.  SWITHIN. 

"  OBLIVIOUS  "  (10th  S.  ii.  446).— Dr.  Murray, 
'  N.E.D.,J  vii.  23,  says  that  oblivion  may  be 
"  forgetfulness  as  resulting  from  inattention 
or  carelessness  ;  heedlessness,  disregard,"  and 
gives  instances  beginning  with  1470  and  1526. 
Lewis  and  Short's  4  Latin  Diet.'  gives  as  the 
ground  meaning  of  obliviscor,  "darkening  of 
the  mind,"  "  lost  in  thought,"  W.  C.  B. 

PHOENICIANS  AT  FALMOUTH  (10th  S.  ii.  469), 
— MR.  APPERSON  will  find  drawings  of  the- 
soapstone  ingot  mould  referred  to  by  Mr.  Bent, 
and  of  the  ingot  of  tin  found  at  Falmouth 
(about  1823),  in  Bent's  'Ruined  Cities  of 
Mashonaland  '(Longman's  "Silver  Library," 
1896),  pp.  216-9.  He  can  see  a  cast  of  the 
ingot  at  the  School  of  Mines  in  Jermyn 
Street.  Notes  on  the  ingot  by  Col.  Sir  Henry 
James,  R.E.,  are  in  the  forty-fifth  Annual 
Report  of  the  Royal  Institute  of  Cornwall 
(1863),  where  are  drawings  showing  probable 
method  of  carrying  on  horseback  and  in 
boats.  The  block  is  2  ft.  11  in.  long  by  11  in. 
wide  by  3  in.  thick  (at  centre),  flat  on  one 
side,  curved  on  the  other,  with  indents  a  foot 
deep  at  each  end,  so  that  it  somewhat 
resembles  an  astragalus,  the  weight  130  Ib. 
On  the  flat  side  is  stamped  a  representation 
of  itself.  There  are  illustrations  of  it  also- 
in  the  late  Copeland  Borlase's  '  Historical 
Sketch  of  the  Tin  Trade  in  Cornwall7 
(Plymouth,  1874).  It  is  generally  stated  that 
the  Phoenicians  traded  with  Cornwall,  and 
that  the  Cassiterides  were  West  Cornwall, 
but  the  evidence  seems  very  thin.  The 
astragalus  is  such  a  convenient  shape  for 
carriage  by  men  or  a  horse  that  it  may  well 
have  had  independent  origin  in  different 
countries. 

On  a  wooden  pillar  illustrated  on  p.  47  of 
Bent's  book  as  above  are  two  shields  bearing 
the  Cornish  arms,  the  fifteen  balls  "  one  and 
all " ;  the  chevron  and  herring-bone  patterns 
seem  common  to  Matabeleland,  Mashonaland, 
and  Cornwall.  Are  these  facts  also  to  be 
taken  as  evidence  of  Phoenician  origin  ?  The 
whole  question  of  the  relations  of  that 
wonderful  people  with  Northern  and  Western 
Europe  requires  treatment  by  competent 
unprejudiced  hands.  YGREC. 

EMERNENSI  AGRO  (10th  S.  ii.  389)  —This  is 
the  shire  known  popularly  as  "  the  Mearns," 
officially  as  Kincardineshire.  At  thefpresent 


io*s.  ii.  DEC.  24,  law.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


519 


day  the  names  Gilroy  and  Gilruth  are  much 
more  frequently  to  be  found  in  the  Mearns 
and  the  neighbouring  shires  of  Aberdeen  and 
Angus  than  elsewhere  in  Scotland,  and  their 
owners  are  doubtless  of  the  same  strain  as 
the  MacGilray  commemorated  by  the  Shrop- 
shire tablet. 

"Emernensi  Agro"  is  evidently  a  transcrip- 
tion for  41E  Mernensi  Agro."  "Hie  erat 
occisus  Mernensibus  in  Monahedne  "  ('Chro- 
nicles of  the  Picts,'  tr.  by  Skene,  Edinburgh, 
1867,  p.  181,  'Chron.  Elegiacum ').  This 
quotation  refers  to  the  death  of  Duncan  II., 
at  Monachden,  on  the  banks  of  the  River 
JBervie,  at  the  hands  of  **  the  men  o'  th' 
Mearns,"  the  Viri  na  Moerne  of  the  Pictish 
Chronicle.  Skene  derives  Mearns  from 
Maghcircin,  the  plain  of  Circin,  i.e.,  of 
St.  Cyriac,  and  says  that  Dunottar  was  the 
stronghold  of  this  Pictish  province. 

HENEY  T.  POLLARD. 

Molewood,  Hertford. 

SHELLEY  FAMILY  (9th  S.  xii.  426  ;  10th  S.  ii. 
155,  457).— At  the  last  reference  MR.  WAINE- 
WRIGHT  mentions  Henry  Shelley,  the  success- 
ful defendant  in  "Shelley's  case."  There  is 
a  curious  error  about  this  case  in  the  account 
given  by  the  « D.N.B.,'  Hi.  41,  of  Sir  William 
Shelley.  After  mentioning  Sir  William's 
brothers  (1)  John  Shelley,  who  "became  a 
Knight  of  the  Order  of  St.  John,  and  was 
killed  in  defending  Rhodes  against  the  Turks 
in  1522,"  and  (2)  Edward  Shelley,  ancestor  of 
"  the  baronets  of  Castle  Goring,  Sussex 
(created  1806).  and  Percy  Bysshe  Shelley,  the 
poet,"  the  'D.N.B.'  proceeds  thus  : — 

"The  youngest  brother,  John  Shelley,  died  in 
1554.  The  settlement  of  an  estate  which  he  pur- 
chased on  the  dissolution  of  Sion  Monastery  led  to 
the  important  lawsuit  known  as  '  Shelley's  case,' 
and  the  decision  known  as  the  rule  in  '  Shelley's 
case'  (see  Coke,  'Reports/  i.  94)." 

The  settlement  was  in  fact  made  by  the 
above-mentioned  Edward  Shelley,  who  died 
9  October,  1554  (see  Coke,  loc.  cit.).  The  de- 
fendant, Henry  Shelley,  who  lived  until  1623, 
was  his  grandson.  A  pedigree  tracing  the 
descent  of  the  baronets  of  Castle  Goring 
from  the  defendant  is  given  in  Dallaway  and 
Cartwright's  *  Sussex,'  II.  i.  40  (cf.  II.  ii.  77). 
Henry  Shelley  and  Walter  Shelley,  the  Win- 
chester scholars  of  1594  and  1598  (Kirby), 
were  two  of  the  defendant's  sons.  Both  may 
be  found  in  Foster's  'Alumni  Oxonienses.' 
The  Benjamin  Beard  whom  MR.  WAINE- 
WRIGHT  mentions  appears  in  a  pedigree  in 
Berry's  'Sussex  Genealogies,'  p.  Ill,  as  having 
sold  his  lands  in  Sussex  and  moved  into 
Hampshire.  He  claimed  to  have  been  at 
school  at  Winchester  (S.  P.  Dom.  Eliz.,  ccxlviii. 


88),  but  I  do  not  know  whether  he  meant  at> 
the  College.  H.  C. 

ASHBURNER  FAMILY   OF   OLNEY,   BUCKS 

(10th  S.  ii.  168).— One  Ashburner  was  residing 
at  Olney  in  the  time  of  the  poet  Cowper. 
Under  1791  and  1792,  he  is  mentioned  in  the 
'  Diary '  of  Samuel  Teedon,  schoolmaster,  of 
that  place,  which  dates  from  17  October, 
1791,  to  2  February,  1794,  and  was  printed, 
under  the  editorship  of  Mr.  Thos.  Wright,  in 
1902,  for  issue  to  the  members  of  the  Cowper 
Society.  W.  I.  R.  V. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

The  Prioress  s  Tale,  and  other  Tales.    By  Geoffrey 

Chaucer.     Done  into   Modern  English  by  Prof. 

Skeat.     (De  La  More  Press.) 
The  Early  Lives  of  Dante.    Translated  by  Philip 

H.  Wicksteed,  M.A.  (Same  publishers.)' 
WE  have  here  two  notable  additions  to  that  series 
of  "  King's  Classics,"  issued  from  the  De  La  More 
Press,  which  constitutes  one  of  the  pleasantest, 
prettiest,  cheapest,  and  most  scholarly  series  of  this 
age  of  cheap  books.  Prof.  Skeat's  modernization 
of  Chaucer  is  the  fifth  volume  that  he  has  con- 
tributed, and  seems  intended  to  be  final.  It  con- 
tains, in  addition  to  'The  Prioress's  Tale,'  'The 
Pardoner's  Tale,'  'The  Clerk's  Tale," The  Secondt 
Nun's  Tale,'  and  'The  Canon's  Yeoman's  Tale,5" 
together  with  notes  and  an  index  of  names.  Like- 
the  preceding  renderings,  it  is  spirited  and  excellent? 
in  all  respects,  while  its  introduction  and  notes- 
supply  a  mass  of  useful,  instructive,  and  entertain- 
ing matter.  A  picture  of  Griselda,  from  the  National 
Gallery,  forms  an  appropriate  and  very  interesting- 
frontispiece. 

The  lives  of  Dante  by  Boccaccio  and  Bruni  were 
issued  by  the  Rev.  Philip  Henry  Wicksteed  in  1898- 
to  his  pupils.  They  have  now  been  enlarged  and 
corrected,  and  are  for  the  first  time  given  to  a 
general  public.  Whatever  estimate  may  be  formed 
of  the  accuracy  of  statements  made  by  Dante's 
early  biographers,  and  especially  by  Boccaccio,, 
both  works  are  indispensable  to  the  student,  and- 
the  opportunity  of  obtaining  them  in  so  beautiful 
and  trustworthy  a  shape  is  not  easily  to  be  over- 
estimated. Boccaccio,  it  is  known,  is  responsible  for 
the  charges  of  licentiousness  in  Dante  which  modern 
biographers  are  anxious  to  disown  or  deny.  Leo- 
nardo Bruni's  life  has  some  inaccuracies,  but  is  in 
the  main  trustworthy,  even  though  disfigured  by 
one  or  two  misstatements.  Passages  from  Villari 
are  given  in  the  appendixes.  Both  works  deserve- 
and  will  obtain  a  warm  reception. 

The.   Smith   Family.     By  Compton  Reade,  M.A. 

(Stock.) 

A  COUPLE  of  years  after  the  appearance  of  Mr. 
Compton  Reade's  excellent  history  of  the  Smith 
family  it  has  been  found  expedient  to  issue  it  in  a 
popular  edition.  That  an  account  of  this  numerous 
family,  sept,  or  clan  should  enjoy  a  large  circula- 
tion was  to  be  expected.  It  is  seldom,  however,  in 
the  case  of  a  work  of  serious  aim  and  purpose,  a 
second  and  cheaper  edition  treads  so  close  upon  the 


520 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  DEC.  2*, 


heels  of  the  first.    For  an  account  of  the  work  and 
its  claims  the  reader  is  referred  to  9th  S.  xi.  80. 

Poems  of  Tennyson.  (Frowde.) 
To  the  Oxford  edition  of  the  poets  in  its  latest 
form  has  been  added  a  collection  of  the  works  of 
the  late  Laureate,  comprising  'The  Princess,'  'In 
Memoriam,'  'Maud,'  'Idylls  of  the  King,'  'The 
Early  Poems,'  '  The  Shorter  Poems  and  Lyrics," 
and  some  later  works,  issued  with  indexes  oi 
titles  and  first  lines.  The  whole  occupies  632  pages, 
printed  in  a  clear  and  legible  type,  and  constitutes 
a  pleasant,  attractive,  and  eminently  handy  edition. 

A  Synopsis  of  the  286  Forms  of  the  Verb  used  in  the 
Baskish  New  Testament  of  loannes  Leicarraga, 
La  Eochelle,  1571.  By  Edward  Spencer  Dodgson. 
(Amsterdam,  Joannes  Muller.) 

THIS  tractate— the  elaborate  title-page  of  which,  at 
'Some  risk  of  loss  of  accuracy  and  intelligibility,  we 
have  had  to  abridge — is  the  work  of  our  prized 
•contributor  Mr.  Dodgson,  whose  fine  scholarship 
our  readers  are  in  a  position  to  estimate.  So  much 
attention  has  been  attracted  abroad  by  the  views 
it  enunciates  that  the  work  has  been  published 
by  the  Verhandelingen  of  the  Royal  Academy  of 
Holland.  We  are  able  to  claim  no  knowledge 
of  Baskish,  and  must  content  ourselves  with  in- 
forming our  readers  of  the  appearance  of  the  work 
-and  the  singular  honours  that  have  been  awarded  it. 

Who's  Who,  1905.  (A.  &  C.  Black.) 
Who's  Who  Year-Book  for  1905.  (Same  publishers.) 
IN  spite  of  the  removal  of  the  preliminary  matter 
•formerly  incorporated  in  '  Who 's  Who,'  so  as  to 
•make  the  work  more  strictly  what  it  aims  at 
being— a  biographical  annual— its  bulk,  and  in  a 
•corresponding  degree  its  utility,  constantly  aug- 
ment, so  that  the  present  volume  contains  much 
over  1,800  pages.  We  personally  find  it  the  most 
convenient  work  of  reference  upon  our  shelves,  and 
the  cases  are  few  indeed  in  which  we  turn  to  it 
<for  information  which  it  fails  to  supply.  With  the 
•exception  of  the  obituary  for  the  last  year,  and 
the  indispensable  list  of  abbreviations,  the  book  is 
now  entirely  made  up  of  the  names  of  people  of 
-distinction. 

The  'Who's  Who  Year -Book,'  meanwhile, 
'forms  an  indispensable  supplement,  handy  of 
reference,  and  supplying  all  requisite  information 
as  to  the  House  of  Commons,  the  Corporation, 
'Government  officials,  the  press,  pseudonyms,  and 
other  matters,  down  to  race-meetings. 

MESSRS.  BLACK  also  publish  for  the  twenty-fifth 
year  (seventh  year  of  new  issue)  the  Englishwoman's 
Year-Book  and  Directory,  1905,  edited  by  Emily 
-Janes,  a  work  of  annually  increasing  importance, 
containing  a  large  amount  of  information  not  else- 
where accessible. 

A.n    Almanack   for   the    Year   1905.      By   Joseph 

Whitaker,  F.S.A.    (Whitaker  &  Sons.) 
Whitaker's  Peerage  for  1905.    (Same  publishers. ) 
THE  claim  which  '  Whitaker's  Almanack'  makes  in 
the  present  volume  to  be  considered  "  a  national 
institution"  has  long  been  conceded  it,  and  it  may 
now  be  regarded  as  the  hardiest  of  our  "hardy 
•annuals."    Each  succeeding  year  sees  some  addition 
to  its  merits.     The  addition   to  the   thirty-sixth 
issue  of  a  '  Political  History  of  the  World '  was  so 
popular  that  in   the    thirty-seventh,    and    latest, 


further  steps  have  been  taken  in  the  same  direc- 
tion, and  information  concerning  the  military  and 
educational  systems,  the  progress  of  geographical 
exploration,  and  other  matters  of  kindred  interest 
is  now  supplied.  So  far  as  we  hav*>  used  the  work 
we  can  suggest  none  but  the  slightest  additions. 
From  the  account  of  London  clubs,  for  instance, 
the  Beefsteak  is  wanting. 

Principal  among  the  claims  of  the  '  Peerage  '  are 
convenience  of  shape  and  facility  of  reference.  A 
special  feature  to  which  attention  is  directed  is, 
however,  the  care  that  has  been  bestowed  on  the 
designations  and  styles  of  the  relations  of  peers. 
The  index  to  seats  and  residences  is  also  to  be 
commended. 

OUR  own  share  in  the  loss  involved  in  the  death 
of  Mr.  Norman  Maccoll  seems  but  small  beside 
that  of  the  Athenceum,  the  fame  and  fortunes  of 
which  he  did  much  to  raise  to  the  lofty  pinnacle 
they  at  present  occupy.  It  is,  however,  consider- 
able. Mr.  Maccoll  was  not  a  frequent  contributor  to 
our  columns.  He  took,  none  the  less,  a  keen  interest 
in  our  success,  and  his  counsel  and  assistance  were 
unfailing  when  any  question  arose  of  tactful  con- 
duct or  scholarly  illustration.  There  were  periods, 
indeed,  in  which  the  most  serious  editorial  respon- 
sibilities drifted  for  a  brief  while  into  his  hands. 
Personal  affection  is  a  matter  on  which  it  is  super- 
fluous or  prohibited  to  dwell.  Our  world  is,  how- 
ever, it  may  be  said,  the  poorer  for  his  departure. 


We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices  :  — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
ind  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ng  queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 
put  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
leading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "Duplicate." 

W.  H.  M.-G.  ("Dogmatism  is  puppyism  grown 
older").  —  The  proverb  does  not  occur  among  the 
quotations  s.v.  'Dogmatism  '  in  the  '  N.E.D.'  The 
author  of  the  saying  was  asked  for  by  the  late  MR. 
E.  WALFORD  at  8th  S.  ix.  314,  the  following  editorial 
ote  being  appended  to  his  question  :  "  It  has  been 
assigned  to  Douglas  Jerrold.  Nothing  is,  however, 
Detter  known  than  that  most  current  jokes  become 
assigned  to  the  wag  or  the  wit  of  the  epoch." 

A.  H.,  Lincoln's  Inn  ("  Bee  in  his  bonnet  ").—  For 
llustrations  of  this  and  variant  phrases  see  8th  S. 
xi.  260  and  the  '  N.E.D.,'  s.v.  'Bee,'  section  5. 

NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
x>  "  The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries'"  —  Adver- 
Asements  and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Pub- 
isher"  —  at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  B.C. 


io"  s.  ii.  DEO.  24, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

THE    ATHEN-ffiUM 

JOURNAL  OF  ENGLISH  AND  FOREIGN  LITERATURE,  SCIENCE, 
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.  ii.  DEC.  si,  190*.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


521 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  31,  190/t. 


CONTENTS.— No.  53. 

NOTES  :— British  Mezzotinters,  521— Shakespeariana,  522— 
"The"  as  part  of  Title,  524— Genealogy  of  the  Bonapartes 
—Homer  and  Pope,  525— Sir  H.  M.  Stanley's  Grave—'  The 
Flemings  in  Oxford  '—Lord  Melbourne,  526— Plurality  of 
Office,  527. 

•QUERIES  :— Felix  Bryan  Macdonough— Patrick,  Lord  Gray 
—Treaty  of  Utrecht— Roman  Theatre  at  Verulam— "  Phil 
Blia  "—Gabriel  Butler,  527  —  Goettingen  Hippodrome  — 
Great  Seal  in  Gutta-percha— Agnostic  Poets— Wilderspin 
— "  Good  news  to  those  whose  light  is  low  "—Sir  William 
Calvert— Royal  Artillery  Officers— "  When  she  was  good" 
—Donald  Cameron— George  Smart,  528— Lefroy  Family- 
Queen's  Surname— Sir  Anthony  Jackson,  529. 

REPLIES  :-Coliseums  Old  and  New,  529-Southev's  '  Om- 
niana,'  1812,  530— Bell-ringing  on  13  August,  1814— Epi- 
taphiana— "  Galapine"  —  Cross  in  the  Greek  Church- 
Mercury  in  Tom  Quad,  Oxford,  531— "  Papers," 532— Hell, 
Heaven,  and  Paradise  as  Place-names  —  Seventeenth- 
Century  Phrases  —  Epitaphs  :  their  Bibliography,  533  — 
Bishop  of  Man  Imprisoned,  534 — London  Cemeteries  in 
1860— H  in  Cockney— "  I  lighted  at  the  foot  "—Second 
Lord  Erskine— Parish  Documents,  535— Edmond  Hoyle— 
Manor  Court  of  Edwinstowe  —  '  Hardyknute,'  536  — 
Grievance  Office  —  "  Jesso  "—  Barga,  Italy  —  Cockade— 
-Jordangate— Isabelline  as  a  Colour,  537 — Northern  and 
Southern  Pronunciation — Dog-bite  Cure — Bread  for  the 
Lord's  Day  —  Witham,  538  —  Governor  Stephenson  of 
Bengal— O'Neill  Seal,  539. 

TCOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— '  La  Bretagne '  —  Hutchinson's 
Edition  of  Shelley— Burke's  'Peerage.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


BRITISH  MEZZOTINTERS. 

(See  ante,  p.  481.) 

VALENTINE  GREEN  was  for  some  years  an 
active  member  of  the  Society  of  Arts,  served 
the  office  of  steward,  and  in  1778  and  again 
in  1787  was  adjudged  the  Society's  gold 
medal  for  "  eminent  services."  His  son 
Rupert,  also  a  member,  was  awarded  in  1781 
the  greater  silver  palette  for  a  drawing  from 
plaster.  Mr.  Algernon  Graves  possesses  a 
"highly  interesting  correspondence  between  Sir 
Joshua  Reynolds  and  Valentine  Green,  in  which 
the  latter  complains  bitterly,  and  in  a  very  high- 
handed tone,  that  the  portrait  of  '  Mrs.  Siddons  as 
the  Tragic  Muse,'  which  he  alleged  had  been 
promised  to  him  for  engraving  in  mezzotint,  had 
been  given  instead  to  Haward,  to  be  reproduced 
by  the  latter  in  his  well-known  print  in  stipple. 
This  quarrel,  indeed,  ended  Valentine  Green's  work 
after  Reynolds."  (From  '  Notes  Chiefly  Technical,' 
by  Mr.  W.  G.  Rawlinson,  prefixed  to  the  Burlington 
iFine-Arts  Club  Catalogue  of  Exhibition  of  English 
Mezzotint  Portraits,  1902,  pp.  22-3.) 

Joseph  Grozer,  as  a  foreigner  (probably 
Austrian),  does  not  rightly  fall  within  the 

•category  of  British  mezzotinters.  From 
1786  till  1796  he  lived  at  8,  Castle  Street, 

{Leicester  Square,  and  here  George  Morland 


took  refuge  when  hunted  by  his  creditors 
from  Queen  Anne  Street.  Grozer  subse- 
quently moved  to  40,  Gerrard  Street,  where 
he  died.  His  will,  dated  26  April,  1798,  was 
proved  (under  600£.)  on  15  May  following 
(Consistory  Court  of  London,  Register  1796-8, 
f.  309).  It  is  a  curious,  scandalous  document, 
written  in  queer  foreigner's  English,  e.g. : — 

"  I  give  devise  and  bequeath  unto  Jane  Moore 
(to  whom  1  intend  marriage)  the  sole  right  and 

title    to    my    property    real    and    personal my 

request  if  the  profits  arising  from  Business  will 
admit  (without  injure  to  the  same)  to  allow  unto 
.Sarah  Cooper  who  lived  with  me  but  now  parted 
from  her  violence  of  temper  which  I  could  no 
longer  submit  and  from  continue  of  conduct  and 
behaviour  to  me  since  but  in  remembrance  for 
the  years  she  cohabited  with  me  that  the  Sum  of 
ten  pound  or  fifteen  pounds  a  year  be  paid  by  my 
Executors  hereafter  named  or  ordered  to  be  paid 
the  same  monthly  or  quarterly  as  may  serve  oest 
the  said  Sarah  Cooper  should  express  or  use  any 
violence  towards  Jane  Moore  (who  now  lives  with 
me  in  affection  and  do  intend  marriage  when  it 
hereafter  suits  me)  my  request  the  same  Income 
be  suspended  till  she  proves  from  conduct  to  act 
otherways  and  the  same  to  be  continued  for  her 
life  only." 

With  delightful  assurance  he  nominated  Paul 
Colnaghi,  of  Pall  Mall,  printseller,and  William 
Jennett,  of  Old  Compton  Street,  apothecary, 
joint  executors  with  the  estimable  Jane ;  but 
these  highly  respectable  gentlemen  naturally 
declined  to  act.  One  of  the  persons  men- 
tioned in  the  will,  and  a  witness  thereto,  was 
S.  Einsle.  I  take  him  to  be  the  Austrian  who 
mezzotinted  (about  1789)  the  portraits  of  the 
Earl  and  Countess  of  Aid  borough  after 
Gainsborough  and  Hoppner  respectively. 
His  name  is  constantly  misspelt  "  Einslie." 
He  was  probably  Grozer's  assistant. 

David  Loggan.— The  exact  date  of  Loggan's 
death  is  at  present  unknown.  Probably 
when  the  Harleian  Society  prints  its  volume 
of  the  St.  Martin-in-the-Fields  registers  for 
the  last  decade  of  the  seventeenth  century, 
the  burial  entries  of  the  fine  old  engraver 
and  his  wife  will  appear  therein.  Anthony 
Wood,  in  his  diary,  writes,  under  date  July, 
1692:  "David  Logan  [sic],  born  of  Scotch 
parents  at  Dantzig,  the  University  engraver, 
died  in  his  house  in  Leyc[ester]  feildfs]  in 
Westminster,"  his  informant  being  Michael 
Burghers,  who  succeeded  to  Loggan's  office 
('Life  and  Times,' Oxf.  Hist.  Soc.,  iii.  394). 
If  Wood's  date  is  correct,  Loggan  must  have 
survived  the  making  of  his  will— on  17  June, 
1691,  when  he  described  himself  as  being 
"weak  in  body"  —  for  about  a  year.  His 
widow  and  executrix  Anne  Loggan,  when 
making  her  will  (on  18  February,  1698),  says  : 

"And  whereas  my  said  late  husband  made  me 
Executrix  of  his  last  will  which  I  never  proved  but 


522 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  DEC.  31, 190*. 


possessed  myself    of    soe    much    of    his    personall 
Estate  as  I  could  gett  and  have  paid  one  hundred 
and  forty  pounds  or  thereabouts  in  discharge  of 
his  debts  and  bred  up  our  Children  to  the  vallu 
of  that  Estate  or  very  near  it,"  &c. 
Both  wills    were  proved    on    23    February 
1701/2  (P.C.C.  25,  Hern),  by  the  Rev.  John 
Loggan,  the  son.    He  was  Fellow  of  Magdalen 
College,   Oxford,   1700-17,   and   held  various 
church  preferments.     There  was  a  younger 
son  Justinian  Loggan. 

In  Chester's  '  London  Marriage  Licences, 
ed.  Foster,  col.  856,  is  the  following  entry  : — 

"David  Loggan  of  St.  Bride,  London,  gent., 
bachelor,  about  26,  and  Anna  Jordan,  of  St. 
Andrew,  Holborn,  spinster,  about  19,  consent  oi 
father,  John  Jordan,  gent.  —  at  St.  Sepulchre 
London,  15  June,  1663." 

William  Dickinson. — It  would  have  been 
very  gratifying  to  me  if  I  could  have  given 
some  biographical  particulars  about  this 
brilliant  engraver,  whose  personality  must 
have  possessed  a  more  than  ordinary  interest. 
His  transcript  of  Sir  Joshua's  'Mrs.  Pelham  ' 
ranks  as  one  of  the  masterpieces  of  mezzotint, 
yet  (strange  to  say)  this  notable  achievement 
finds  no  place  in  the  list  of  Dickinson's  works 
given  in  the  new  edition  ("  revised  and  en- 
larged ")  of  the  dictionary  referred  to. 
According  to  a  writer  in  Ackermann's 
'Repository  of  Arts,'  &c.,  for  1811  (v.  65), 
Dickinson  was  born  in  1748  and  studied 
under  Robert  Edge  Pine,  the  painter,  with 
whom  he  resided  in  St.  Martin's  Lane,  but 
nothing  is  said  of  his  parentage.  He  was 
awarded  a  premium  by  the  Society  of  Arts 
in  1767,  and  afterwards  became  a  member  of 
the  Society,  his  name  appearing  on  the  lists 
from  1788  until  1795.  From  158,  New  Bond 
Street,  he  removed  in  1791  to  24,  Old  Bond 
Street,  where  he  remained  until  1797.  There 
was  no  relationship  between  him  and  the 

Srintseller  Joseph  Dickinson,  who  hailed 
-om  Northumberland,  came  to  London  early 
in  the  last  century,  and  subsequently  joined 
the  water-colour  painter  Paul  Sandby  Munn, 
and,  after  the  custom  of  that  time,  kept  a 
stationer's  shop  (from  1814,  according  to  the 
'London  Directory')  at  114,  New  Bond 
Street,  a  business  carried  on  after  his  death 
by  two  of  his  sons.  The  name  is  still  kept 
up,  but  there  has  been  no  Dickinson  con- 
nected with  the  establishment  for  many  years 
past,  nor  is  it  the  same  kind  of  business.  For 
this  information  I  am  indebted  to  Joseph 
Dickinson's  eminent  son,  Mr.  Lowes  Dickin- 
son. Though  William  Dickinson  ultimately 
removed  to  Paris,  he  would  seem  to  have 
resided  occasionally  in  England,  as  in  the 
lists  of  artists  appended  to  Arnold's  '  Annals 
of  the  Fine  Arts'  for  1817  and  1819  his  name 


appears  with  the  address  "  Montpelier  Row 

m        •     i  1  M 

Twickenham. 

In  conclusion,  I  may  observe  that  in  this- 
thoroughly  up-to-date  dictionary  most  of  the 
articles  on  the  minor  British  painters,  like 
those  on  the  engravers,  have  been  simply 
"lifted  "  from  the  antiquated  editions.  Take 
Katherine  Read  for  instance.  This  pleasing 
portrait  painter  is  known  to  have  migrated 
to  India  in  1770  or  1771.  "  On  her  return  to 
England,"  we  are  told,  "she  continued  to 
exercise  her  talent  with  respectable  success 
until  her  death,  which  happened  about  the 
year  1786."  Three  trifling  alterations  excepted, 
this  amazing  nonsense  is  to  be  found  word 
for  word  in  the  original  edition  (ii.  714),. 
published  eighty-eight  years  ago.  According 
to  reliable  authority  Miss  Read  died  on 
15  December,  1778,  while  the  statements  as 
to  her  returning  to  England,  &c.,  are  mere 
guesswork.  The  facts  are  as  follows.  She- 
made  her  will  at  Fort  St.  George,  Madras,  on 
29  June,  1778,  and  being  in  feeble  health,  gave 
instructions  for  her  "private  interment  in 
the  usual  burying  ground  "  of  the  settlement. 
Her  only  relative  near  at  hand  was  a  nephew, 
Ensign  Alexander  Read,  stationed  at  Madras. 
Numerous  Scottish  relations  and  friends  are 
benefited  under  her  will.  Miss  Read  did  not 
die  at  Fort  St.  George,  but  "on  board  the 
Dutch  East  India  ship  the  Patriot"  (Pro- 
bate Act  Book,  P.C.C.,  1779).  Her  will  was 
proved  at  London  on  26  October,  1779  (regis- 
tered in  P.C.C.  428,  Warburton). 

GORDON  GOODWIN. 


SHAKESPEARIANA. 

'  TEOILUS  AND  CRESSIDA,'  V.  i.  20  (10th  S.  ii. 

343).  —  The    suggested    emendation,    "  male- 

larlot  "  for  "  male  varlet,"  is  very  old.     Here 

are    the  comments   upon  it   in   vol.   xv.   of 

he  fifth  edition  of  Johnson  and  Steevens's 

Shakespeare,'  p.  426  : — 

"  Sir  T.  Hanmer  reads  male  harlot,  plausibly 
mough,  except  that  it  seems  too  plain  to  require 
he  explanation  which  Patroclus  demands.— John- 
on. 

"  This  expression  is  met  with  in  Decker's  'Honest 
Whore':  "Tis  a  male  varlet,  sure,  my  lord  ! '— 
^armer. 

"  The  person  spoken  of  in  Decker's  play  is  Bella- 
ronte,  a  harlot,  who  is  introduced  in  boy's  clothes. 

have  no  doubt  that  the  text  is  right. — Malone. 

"There  is  nothing  either  criminal  or  extraordinary 

n  a  male  varlet The  sense requires  that  we 

hould  adopt  Hanmer's  amendment. — M.  Mason. 

"Man  mistress  is  a  term  of  reproach  thrown  out 
>y  Dorax,  in  Dryden's  'Don  Sebastian,  King  of 
^ortugal.'  See,  however,  Professor  Heyne's  17th 
Excursus'  on  the  first  book  of  the  '' 
dit.  1787,  p.  161.— Steevens." 


ii.  DEC.  31, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


From  these  quotations  it  would  appear 
that  the  two  expressions,  in  the  judgment 
of  eminent  commentators,  are  practically 
synonymous  in  meaning,  and  therefore  no 
alteration  was  required. 

RICHD.  WELFOKD. 

Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 

The  emendation  of  "varlet"  to  "harlot," 
of  the  correctness  of  which  there  can  scarcely 
be  any  doubt,  has  been  proposed  already  by 
Hanmer.  G.  KRUEGER. 

Home  Tooke  considered  varlet  to  be  the 
same  word  as  harlot,  the  aspirate  being 
changed  to  v.  This  is  probably  the  true 
explanation.  Thersites  uses  an  unusual  form 
of  the  word,  hence  Patroclus's  demand  for 
an  explanation.  Singer  adopted  the  reading 
harlot. 

The  matter  is  fully  discussed  in  the 
Boswell-Malone  ( Variorum'  (1821)  and  in 
Dyce's  k  Shakespeare.'-  ISAAC  HULL  PLATT. 

The  Players,  New  York. 

The  expression  is  just  the  kind  that 
Thersites  would  use  with  its  double  meaning, 
and  so  require  the  explanation  that  Patroclus 
demands.  Theobald  was  the  first  to  alter 
the  reading  to  harlot,  but  it  was  not  adopted, 
being  too  plain  to  be  questioned. 

TOM  JONES. 

In  the  invaluable  collection  of  Baskish 
'Refranes  y  Sentencias,'  published  in  Pamp- 
lona in  1596,  and  preserved  in  the  library  of  the 
castle  at  Darmstadt,  the  proverb  "Doguna 
jan  dogu  ta  arlot  gara  biortu  "  (which,  like 
"  the  more  part  of  them,"  is  in  the  Biscayan 
dialect)  is  translated  into  Castilian  thus : 
"  Lo  que  tenemos  hemos  comido  y  nos  hemos 
buelto  pobres,"  i.e.,  That  which  we  have  we 
have  eaten ;  and  we  are  turned  into  poor 
people.  It  is  worth  noting  that  arlot  was 
turned  into  Baskish  in  the  sense  of  poor. 

E.  S.  DODGSON. 

'THE  Two  GENTLEMEN  OF  VERONA':  FRIAR 
PATRICK  (10th  S.  ii.  344).  —  Touching  Dr. 
Appleton  Morgan's  emendation  in  '  The  Two 
Gentlemen  of  Verona,'  I  think  "Friar  Lau- 
rence "  is  not  necessarily  an  error  for  "  Friar 
Patrick."  Another  friar  may  be  meant,  but 
this  is  not  likely,  as  there  seems  to  be  no  need 
for  a  second.  It  is  not  likely  to  be  a  printer's 
blunder.  No  printer  could  mistake  Patrick  for 
Laurence.  To  leave  this,  then,  out  of  account, 
three  possible  ways  occur  to  me  in  which  the 
error  may  have  arisen.  It  may  have  been  a 
blunder  of  the  copy-reader,  of  a  copyist,  or  of 
the  author  himself. 

Perhaps  the  subject  will  seem  more  in- 
teresting if  it  is  noted  that  a  similar 


blunder  occurs  in  the  same  play.  In  Act  L. 
sc.  ii.,  Speed,  being  in  Milan,  welcomes  Launce 
to  Padua,  a  place  with  which  the  plot  has  no 
relations  whatever.  Now  this  associates  '  The- 
Two  Gentlemen  '  with  *  The  Taming  of  the- 
Shrew '  almost  as  clearly  as  the  heterophony: 
of  Laurence  for  Patrick  does  with  '  Romeo- 
and  Juliet.'  This  double  confusion  would 
not  be  likely  to  occur  to  the  copy-reader,  nor 
to  a  copyist,  unless  he  were  indeed  the  editor 
of  the  First  Folio,  and  had  all  the  plays  more 
or  less  in  mind,  and  that  is  not  very  probable,, 
for  the  reason  that  in  the  order  of  the  Folio 
the  three  plays  are  widely  separated.  But 
in  the  order  of  their  production  it  is  con- 
ceded that  they  must  have  come  pretty  near 
together.  It  appears  to  me  that  the  most 
probable  explanation  is  that  the  author  had 
the  three  plays  in  mind  at  the  same  time, 
and  that  the  confusion  was  his  own.  Indeed, 
this  is  rendered  more  probable  by  the  fact 
that  there  is  still  another  blunder  in  the 
same  play,  which  is  demonstrably  the  author's 
own.  In  Act  V.  sc.  iv.  11.  128-9,  Valentine 
says  :— 

Do  not  name  Sylvia  thine  ;  if  once  again 
Verona  shall  not  hold  thee.    Here  she  stands. 

The  context  shows  that  Milan  is  meant,, 
but  Milan  will  not  fit  the  metre,  and  Shake- 
speare must  have  written  Verona.  As  part 
of  the  action  of  the  play  does  occur  in  Verona,, 
it  is  easy  to  see  how  this  accident  probably 
happened,  and  it  is  significant  only  in  this, 
that,Shakespearehaving  been  convicted  of  one 
blunder,  it  seems  more  likely  that  the  other 
two  were  his  also.  If  this  could  be  positively 
shown  to  be  the  case  it  would  seem  to  be 
pretty  strong  evidence  that  *  The  Two  Gen- 
tlemen,' '  Romeo  and  Juliet,'  and  '  The  Taming 
of  the  Shrew'  were  written  at  about  the  same 
time,  but  of  course  we  never  can  be  quite 
sure  about  anything  connected  with  these 
matters.  ISAAC  HULL  PLATT. 

The  Players,  New  York. 

'TWELFTH  NIGHT/  I.  i.  5-7  (10th  S.  ii.  343). 
— In  reading  my  letter  again  it  appears  to 
me  that  perhaps  I  ought  to  have  added 
something  to  it.  Shakspeare's  "sound  "  was 
not  corrected  to  *'  South  "  until  the  time  of 
Pope.  Yet  Milton,  if  he  was  remembering 
Shakspeare,  would  seem  to  have  had  the 
correct,  and  not  the  corrupt,  word  in  his 
mind.  Steevens  has  mentioned  that  in 
Sidney's  *  Arcadia'  is  the  following  :  "more 
sweet  than  a  gentle  south-west  wind  which 
comes  creeping  over  flowery  fields."  It  is 
likely  that  both  Shakspeare  and  Milton  knew 
the  passage.  Milton,  with  poetical  instinct, 
would  see  that  "  sound  "  was  a  mistake.  If; 


524 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [ioth  s.  n.  DEC.  31,  iow. 


he  had  annotated  Shakspeare's  plays,  he 
•would  have  made  the  correction  that  Pope 
has  made.  E.  YARDLEY. 

"  MICHING   MALLICHO  "   (9th   S.  xi.    504  ;   10th 

S.  i.  162,  344).— With  the  light  thrown  upon 
it  by  the  best  commentators  there  does  not 
seem  to  be  any  difficulty  about  the  reading 
of  this  phrase.  I  have  myself  heard  it  in 
common  use  to-day,  "miching"  or  "  mouch- 
ing  "  about,  meaning  to  hang  about  for  no 
.good  purpose,  to  skulk.  Perhaps  the  French 
"miche,"  a  loaf,  has  some  connexion  with 
•our  word  "loafing,"  and  consequently  with 
"  miching."  At  all  events  a  "  mouchard  "  is  a 
spy,  and  Nugent's  French  dictionary  of  1793 
gives  "muche  muche"=in  secret.  So  Prof. 
Skeat  has,  "Mich,  to  jkulk,  play  truant 
(French).  M.E.  michen;  also  mouchen,  moo- 
rhen. Old  French  mucir,  mucier,  later  musser, 
to  hide,  conceal  (hence  to  skulk).  Origin  un- 
known." But  why  not  from  miche,  a  manchet 
or  loaf  ?  In  Australian  and  Bush  slang,  "  to 
do  a  mike"  is  to  bolt  *'  unbeknown,"  and  in 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher's  'Scornful  Lady' 
.(IV.i.):- 

Sure  she  has  some  meeching  rascal  in  her  house. 

.Mallicho  is    a   Spanish   word    meaning    an 

"  evil  action,"  whence  it  is   transferred   in 

"  miching  mallecho"  to  the  evil-doer  himself. 

'The  words  Hamlet  would  have  used  had  he 

lived  in  these  days  would  probably  be  — 

Marry,  there  is  mischief  brewing, 
in  allusion   to    a  vague  foreboding  of    the 
poisoning  scene.    J.  HOLDEN  MAC  MICHAEL. 

"PUCELLE"  IN  '1  HENRY  VI.'  — I  do  not 
know  whether  it  has  ever  been  noted  (I  find 
no  mention  of  the  matter  in  any  editions  of 
Shakspeare  or  in  'N.  &  Q.')  that  according 
to  the  First  Folio,  which  is  the  sole  authority, 
"  Pucelle  "  is  treated  as  a  surname.  We  have 
(in  various  spelling)  Pucelle,  Joan  Pucelle, 
and  Joan  de  Pucelle,  and  herewith  agrees  the 
Dauphin's  address  to  her  in  Act  1.  sc.  ii.  : — 

Excellent  Puzil,  if  thy  name,  be  so. 
"  De  Pucelle  "  occurs  five  times  :  thrice  in  the 
text,  and  twice  in  stage  directions.  Later 
editors  have  chosen  tosubstitute"  the  Pucelle," 
with  no  sort  of  right,  as  it  seems  to  me. 
Difficilior  lectio  proz&tat.  That  Heminge 
and  Condell,  if  they  had  "the  Pucelle"  in 
their  MS.,  should  have  been  so  wrong-headed 
as  to  alter  it  into  "de  Pucelle,"  is  a  thing 
well-nigh  inconceivable  ;  nor  is  it  much  more 
likely  that  the  printers  should  have  made  the 
same  blunder  five  times  running  over  one 
word.  All  men  wish  to  think  that  the  treat- 
ment of  ;Joan  of  Arc  in  the  play,  especially 
the  foul  aspersions  in  Act  V.,  did  not  come 


from  Shakspeare's  hand.  Possibly  this  may 
be  a  small  contribution  on  the  negative  side. 
With  all  his  carelessness,  Shakspeare  must 
have  known  better  than  to  take  Pucelle  for  a 
surname.  C.  B.  MOUNT. 

P. S.— Since  this  was  written,  I  have  found 
that  Butler  in  '  Hudibras'  (Part  iii.,  '  Lady's 
Answer,'  1.  285)  has  :— 

Or  Joan  de  PuceFs  braver  name. 

"THE  PENALTY  OF  ADAM,"  'As  You  LIKE 
IT,'  II.  i.  :- 

Here  feel  we  not  the  penalty  of  Adam, 
The  seasons  difference,  as  the  icie  phange 
And  churlish  chiding  of  the  winters  wind, 
Which  when  it  bites  and  blowes  upon  my  body 
Even  till  I  shrink  with  cold,  I  smile  and  say 
Thine  is  no  flattery :  these  are  counsellors 
That  feelingly  persuade  me  what  I  am. 

So  much  has  been  written  as  to  what  Shake- 
speare meant  by  "  the  penalty  of  Adam  "  that 
it  furnishes  the  Variorum  editor  occasion  for 
one  of  his  longest  notes.  The  poet's  obliga- 
tion to  Golding's  translation  of  Ovid  has 
been  so  frequently  asserted  that  I  submit 
the  following  extract  as  possibly  having 
suggested  the  passage  to  Shakespeare.  It  is 
from  the  *  Epistle  Dedicatory,'  verso  of  A3 , 
edition  of  1612  : — 
Moreover,  by  the  Golden  Age  what  other  thing  is 

ment, 

Than  Adam$  time  in  Paradise,  who  being  innocent 
Did  lead  a  blest  and  happie  life,  untill  that  thorough 

sinne 
He  fell  from   God?     From  which   time  forth  all 

sorrow  did  beginne. 
The  earth  accursed  for  his  sake,  did  never  after 

more 
Yeeld  food  without  great  toyle.     Both  heat  and 

cold  did  vexe  him  sore. 
Disease  of  body,  care  of  mind,  with  hunger,  thirst, 

and  need, 
Feare,  hope,  joye,  griefe  and  trouble  fell  on  him 

and  his  seed. 

CHAS.  A.  HERPICH. 
New  York. 

'  PERICLES/  I.  iv.  69,  70  :— 

And  make  a  conquest  of  unhappy  me,. 
Whereas  no  glory 's  got  to  overcome. 

Malone  (1780)  reads  men,  Steevens  conjectured 
ive.  The  text,  I  think,  might  be  improved  by 
substituting  Cleon  for  me.  False  rimes  are 
common  enough  in  the  choruses.  In  the 
fourth  chorus  Cleon  is  made  to  rime  with 
grown ;  and  in  the  second  chorus  home  with 
drone.  All  the  speeches  in  this  scene  end 
with  a  riming  couplet,  the  exception  being 
the  one  quoted.  TOM  JONES. 


"THE"  AS  PART  OF  TITLE.  (See  9th  S.  ix. 
428  ;  x.  13,  338,  415.)— A  couple  of  years  ago 
a  short  correspondence  took  place  on  this 


io-  s.  ii.  DEC.  si,  1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


525 


subject,  which  abruptly  ended  without  any 
definite  result.  It  had,  at  any  rate,  no  effect 
upon  *  the  able  and  courteous  printer  of  this 
journal,  who  has  continued  to  print  the 
definite  article  as  if  it  formed  no  part  of  the 
title  of  a  newspaper,  or  even  of  a  book.  In 
an  article  of  my  own,  for  instance,  headed 
*  Rossetti  Bibliography,'  which  appeared  in 
the  issue  for  10  December,  I  cited  two 
magazines,  which  in  my  manuscript  were 
written  The  Bibliographer  and  The  Dark 
Blue.  They  were,  however,  printed  "the 
Bibliographer  "  and  "  the  Dark  Blue."  I  hold, 
with  deference  to  "  The  Athenaeum  Press," 
that  this  is  incorrect.  The  definite  article 
"  the  "  forms  an  integral  part  of  the  title,  and 
should  be  printed  in  tiie  same  type  as  the 
remaining  portion.  I  am  aware  that  the 
practice  among  newspapers  and  magazines  is 
uncertain  on  this  point ;  but  the  leading 
journal  of  the  day  invariably  prints  itself 
The  Times.  It  may  be  noted  that  the  early 
volumes  of  '  N.  &  Q.,'  which  issued  from 
another  printing  -  office,  generally  followed 
the  method  which  I  advocate,  and  which 
I  have  invariably  followed  in  my  separate 
bibliographical  publications.*  Perhaps  the 
experienced  printer  of  this  journal  would  be 
obliging  enough  to  give  his  reasons  for 
deviating  from  the  practice  of  his  pre- 
decessors. W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

[Personally  we  thank  COL.  PRIDEAUX  for  again 
drawing  attention  to  the  subject,  and,  having 
obtained  the  sanction  of  the  Editor,  we  shall,  with 
the  new  volume,  print  the  word  The  as  part  of  the 
title,  thus  altering  the  practice  of  more  than  thirty 
years.— J.  E.  F.] 

GENEALOGY  OF  THE  BONAPARTES.  —  The 
following  extract  from  the  Times  of  Friday, 
23  November,  1804,  may  possibly  interest 
readers  of  *  N.  &  Q.'  :— 

Genealogy  of  the  Buonapartes. 

Mrs.  Ranioglini,  of  Basle,  married  M.  Ranioglini; 
and,  2dly,  M.  Fesch.  She  had  by  these  marriages 
Loetitia  Ranioglini,  and  M.  Fesch,  now  Cardinal 
Fesch.  Lzetitia  Ranioglini  married  Carlo  Buona- 
parte, a  Recorder  of  a  petty  Tribunal  of  Ajaccio. 
Ltetitia  Buonaparte  was  afterwards  mistress  of 
Count  Marboeuf,  Governor  of  Corsica.  Her  children, 
by  Carlo  Buonaparte  and  Count  Marbreuf,  are  : 

His  Imperial  Highness  Joseph  Buonaparte, 
who  married  her  Imperial  Highness  M.  M.  Clary, 
daughter  of  a  ship-broker  at  Marseilles. 

His  Imperial  Majesty  Napoleon  Buonaparte,  who 
married  Madame  de  Beauharnois,  first  the  wife  of 
Count  Beauharnois,  and  afterwards  the  mistress 
of  Barras. 

*  E.g.,  The  Time*,  1"  S.  ii.  439 ;  The  Athtnceum, 
2nd  S.  i.  135 ;  The  Medical  Critic  and  Psychological 
Journal,  3rd  IS.  iii.  237.  My  impression  is  that  in 
those  days  the  printer  exactly  copied  the  con- 
tributor's manuscript; 


Citizen  Lucien  Buonaparte : — he  was  at  first  an 
Abbe.  In  1793  he  was  employed  in  the  waggon 
service  of  the  army  of  Provence,  at  100£.  a  year. 
His  first  wife  was  a  pot  girl  in  the  tavern  of  one 
Maximin,  near  Toulon :  she  died  at  Neuilly,  in 
1797,  from  bad  treatment.  His  second  wife  is 
Madame  Jauberthou,  the  divorced  wife  of  an 
exchange  broker  of  Paris :  she  was  his  mistress 
for  a  year ;  as  soon  as  she  was  pregnant,  he  married 
her. 

His  Royal  Highness  Louis  Buonaparte  married 
Mademoiselle  Beauharnois,  daughter  of  her  Imperial 
Majesty,  by  her  first  husband. 

Citizen  Jerome  Buonaparte  married  Miss  Pater- 
son,  a  very  respectable  and  beautiful  young  lady, 
of  Baltimore. 

Her  Imperial  Highness  Princess  Eliza,  the  sister 
of  her  Imperial  Majesty,  married  at  Marseilles 
Bacchiocci,  son  of  a  waiter  at  a  coffee-house,  and 
marker  at  a  billiard-table  at  Aix-la-Chapelle  and 
Spa,  in  1792 ;  the  son  carried  on  a  small  trade  in 
cotton,  in  Switzerland. 

Her  Imperial  Highness  Princess  Matilda  Buona- 
parte married  General  Murat,  son  of  an  ostler,  at 
an  inn  three  miles  from  Cahors,  in  Quercy.  Murat, 
in  1793,  proposed  to  change  his  name  to  Marat. 

Her  Imperial  Highness  Princess  Paulina  Borghese 
married,  first,  General  Le  Clerc,',who  was  the  son 
of  a  wool  dealer  at  Pontoise;  he  purchased  wool 
from  the  country  people,  and  resold  it  at  Paris  to 
the  upholsterers.  His  mother,  Madame  Le  Clerc, 
was  a  retail  dealer  in  corn  and  flour ;  her  brother 
had  been  sentenced  to  be  hanged  for  robbery. 

RICHARD  EDGCUMBE, 
33,  Tedworth  Square,  Chelsea. 

HOMER  AND  POPE. —The  scene  between 
Priam  and  Achilles  in  the  last  book  of  the 
*  Iliad '  puts  Homer  on  a  level  with  Shak- 
speare.  But  he  is  not  so  various,  and  he  does 
not  so  frequently  take  high  flights  as  the 
later  poet.  Nevertheless  he  is  very  great 
in  the  scene  between  Hector  and  Andro- 
mache, in  that  which  describes  the  infernal 
regions,  in  the  meeting  of  Ulysses  and 
Penelope,  and  in  other  parts  of  his  two  epics. 
His  gods  and  goddesses  are  very  material, 
and  are,  I  think,  inferior  to  those  of  Hesiod  ; 
and  I  think  that  Hesiod's  description  of 
Tartarus  is  a  flight  of  imagination  superior 
to  any  that  Homer  has  taken.  But  Hesiod 
on  the  whole  is  much  inferior  to  Homer. 
Pope  misrepresents  Homer  greatly.  In  spite 
of  his  original,  he  speaks  of  Apollo  as  the 
sun-god.  He  makes  Achilles  say  :— 

Portents  and  prodigies  are  lost  on  me. 
This  is  a  fine  line  ;  but  nothing  like  it  has 
been  said  by  Homer.  It  is  not  characteristic 
of  Achilles,  who,  although  very  violent,  was 
pious,  and  always  submissive  to  the  decrees 
of  the  gods.  Speaking  of  the  sons  of  Hecuba 
and  Priam  in  the  last  book  of  the  'Iliad,' 
Pope  has  this  line  : — 

Nineteen  one  mother  bore— Dead,  all  are  dead  ! 
They  were  not  all  dead  ;  and  Homer  does  not 


526 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  DEC.  31, 190*. 


say  so.  Pope  might  have  remembered  tha 
in  this  very  book  he  had  mentioned  at  leas 
•half  a  dozen  of  them  as  being  then  alive. 

The  popularity  of  Pope's  translation  i 
shown  by  its  influence  on  original  poetry 
Oollins  has  : — 

Their  eyes'  blue  languish  ; 
•&nd  he  evidently  copied  the  line — 

And  the  blue  languish  of  soft  Alia's  eye. 
Gray  has  said  : — 

The  paths  of  glory  lead  but  to  the  grave. 
He  may  have  had  in  mind  the  verse — 

And  chose  the  certain,  glorious  path  to  death. 
There  is  not,  however,   the  unquestionable 
imitation  here  as  in  the  expression  of  Collins 
In  the  fifth  book  of  the  'Odyssey'  Pope 
has  the  line— 

And  better  skilled  in  dark  events  to  come. 
This  may  have  suggested  Campbell's  famou 
line — 

And  coming  events  cast  their  shadows  before. 
The  ideas  are  different,  but  the  words  of  Pope 
are  much  the  same  as  those  of  Campbell. 

Pope,  in  the  fifteenth  book  of  the  '  Odyssey, 
has  this  line — 

Welcome  the  coming,  speed  the  parting  guest. 
Here  the  translation  is  perhaps  better  known 
than   the  original,    and  certainly  does    not 
fall  below  it.  E.  YARDLEY. 

SIR  H.  M.  STANLEY'S  GRAVE.— The  remark- 
able memorial  recently  placed  over  the  grave 
of  the  great  African  explorer  in  Pirbright 
Churchyard  is  worthy,  I  think,  of  a  note  in 
the  pages  of  *  N.  &  Q.'  It  takes  the  form  of 
a  large  granite  monolith,  12  ft.  long,  4  ft., 
wide,  and  2  ft.  6  in.  thick,  which  was  dis- 
covered on  Frenchbeer  Farm,  Dartmoor, 
where  it  had  been  lying  in  a  recumbent 
position  for  a  great  number  of  years.  The 
difficulties  of  its  removal  from  Devonshire 
were  considerable,  owing  to  the  fact  that  it 
weighs  over  six  tons,  and  is  probably  the 
largest  stone  ever  taken  from  Dartmoor.  It 
bears  the  inscription  :— 

Henry  Morton  Stanley. 

Bula  Matari. 

Africa. 

"Bula  Matari"  (the  rock-breaker)  was  the 
name  by  which  he  was  known  in  Africa.  A 
•cross  is  carved  above  the  inscription,  which 
is  so  deeply  cut  into  the  stone  that  it  is 
believed  to  be  practically  imperishable. 

FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 

'£??  FLEMINGS  IN  OXFORD/     (See  ante, 

p.  478  )— Until  I  read  the  critique  upon  this 

book  1  had  imagined  that  it  had  reference  to 

a  colony  of  Flemings  planted  in  Oxford  by 


Edward  III.  As  is  well  known,  that  king 
imported  many  such  to  England,  whether  in 
compliment  to  his  renowned  wife,  Philippa 
of  Hainault,  I  cannot  say.  She  was  a 
great  benefactress  of  Queen's  College, 

which  was  founded  in  1340  by  her  father- 
confessor,  Robert  de  Eglesfield.  Queen 
Philippa  died  in  1369,  and  from  that  time 
her  valiant  husband  began  to  degenerate, 
and  I  fancied  that  Dr.  Magrath  had  found 
in  the  muniment  room  of  his  college  some 
documents  throwing  light  upon  the  period 
of  the  colonization  of  Flemings.  It  seems, 
however,  that  his  book  refers  to  a  member  of 
the  Fleming  family,  long  connected  with  the 
North  of  England  and  belonging  to  Queen's 
College.  There  are  two  pedigrees  of  the 
family  in  Burke's  '  Landed  Gentry';  and  in 
his  '  Peerage  and  Baronetage '  one  of  Le 
Fleming,  baronets,  presumably  the  same 
house.  I  never  heard  before  of  Lord  Grey 
of  Groby  (pronounced  Grooby)  being  one 
of  the  supposed  masked  executioners  of 
Charles  I.  Some  have  given  the  office  to 
Hugh  Peters  and  Cornet  Joyce.  Lord  Grey 
was  certainly  a  regicide,  and  his  name,  w  Tho: 
Grey,"  stands  second  on  the  "Warrant  to 
execute  Charles  L,  King  of  England."  Of 
him  there  is  a  fine  full-length  portrait  in 
armour,  attended  by  a  page  carrying  his 
helmet,  at  Fawsley  Park  (the  seat  of  the 
late  Sir  Rainald  Knightley),  co.  Northampton. 

It  may  be  worth  noting  that  one  of  the 
shoes  of  John  Bigg,  the  Dinton  hermit,  sup- 
posed by  some  to  have  been  one  of  the 
executioners,  may  be  seen  at  the  present 
time  in  the  Taylor  Institute  at  Oxford — a 

regular  clouted  shoe,"  covered  and  patched 
with  innumerable  pieces  of  cloth  ;  the  other 
was  kept  by  my  old  friend  the  Rev.  J.  J. 
joodall,  to  whom  Dinton  Hall,  Bucks, 
aelonged.  Once,  when  I  was  on  a  visit  to 
lim,  he  pointed  out  to  me  the  place  where 
/he  cave  used  to  be  in  which  the  Dinton 
lermit  resided.  Bigg  had  been  servant  to 
Simon  Mayne,  then  owner  of  Dinton,  and 
;he  name  of  the  Dinton  hermit  is  yet  pre- 
served in  the  sign  of  a  village  hostelry.  The 
hoe  was  originally  given  to  the  Ashmolean 
Museum,  the  relics  of  which  are  now  in  the 
possession  of  the  Taylor  Institute. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

LORD  MELBOURNE.— The  following  appeared 
n  the  Times  of  13  December  :— 

"  A  memorial  brass  marking  the  spot  where  the 
econd  Viscount  lies  buried  has  been  erected  within 
he  last  few  days  in  the  parish  church  of  Hatfield. 
nhe  famous  statesman  died  at  Brocket  Hall,  Lord 
lount-Stephen's  place,  about  three  miles  from 


.  ii.  DEC.  si,  1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


527 


Hatfield.  The  brass  bears  the  inscription:  'Near 
this  spot  lies  the  body  of  William  Lamb,  second 
Viscount  Melbourne,  born  March  15th,  1779 ;  died 
March  '24th,  1848.  He  was  Prime  Minister  to  King 
William  IV.  from  March  to  November,  1834,  and 
again  from  April,  1835,  to  June,  1837,  and  to  Queen 
Victoria  from  her  accession  in  June,  1837,  to 
August,  1841.'" 

F.  E.  R.  POLLAED-UEQUHART. 
Castle  Pollard,  Westmeath. 

PLURALITY  OF  OFFICE.—"  In  the  thirteenth 
century,"  remarks  MR.  ADDY  (9th  S.  xi.  322), 
u  bailiffs  were  often  clerics."  In  illustration 
of  his  statement  it  may  be  worth  noting 
that  a  Devon  Assize  Roll  (175,  in.  4)  of 
1243  yields  an  instance  in  the  case  of 
"Rog'us  Clericus  Ball's  p'dta  PetronilF  [De 
Tony]."  ETHEL  LEGA-WEEKES. 

Brook  Green. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

FELIX  BRYAN  MACDONOUGH.— Can  any  of 
your  readers  give  further  information  than 
has  appeared  already  in  your  interesting 
columns  (9th  S.  xi.  136)  about  Felix  Bryan 
Macdonough?  His  portrait  and  an  account 
of  his  life  appeared  in  the  European  Magazine 
and  London  Review,  April,  ,1824.  He  seems 
to  have  been  a  sort  of  Admirable  C  rich  ton,  a 
man  who  played  many  parts,  and  all  of  them 
well :  a  brilliant  classical  scholar ;  an  accom- 
plished linguist,  perfectly  at  home  in  the 
Court  circles  of  France,  Germany,  Spain, 
and  Italy ;  a  fencer  of  great  expertness ;  a 
great  traveller  and  author  of  many  books 
('  The  Hermit  in  London,'  '  The  Hermit 
Abroad,'  and  '  The  Hermit  in  the  Country') ; 
a  student  at  Christ  Church,  Oxford ;  a  member 
of  the  Bar  (called  at  Lincoln's  Inn,  9  Decem- 
ber, 1793) ;  a  captain  in  the  2nd  Life  Guards, 
and  a  prominent  Freemason.  The  engraving 
of  him  in  the  European/I  Magazine  is  taken 
.from  a  painting  by  Derby.  Where  is  that 
painting  to  be  seen  now  1  It  depicts  a  won- 
derfully fine-looking  man.  From  whom  did 
he  get  his  good  looks  1  whose  son  was  he  1 
who  were  his  family?  when  did  he  die?  and 
who  represents  so  distinguished  a  man  now  ? 

CELT. 

PATRICK,  LORD  GRAY.— Do  any  of  your 
readers  possess  or  know  of  any  evidence  on 
the  following  point  ?  Douglas,  in  his 
4  Peerage  of  Scotland,'  vol.  i.  p.  669  (second 
-edition),  states  that  Patrick,  whom  he  calls 


fourth  Lord  Gray  (really  third  by  modern 
reckoning),  married  the  second  daughter  of 
George,  second  Earl  of  Huntly,  by  his  wife 
the  Lady  Annabella,  daughter  of  James  I.  of 
Scotland.  He  adds  that  there  were  three 
daughters  of  the  marriage,  of  whom  the 
eldest,  Margaret,  married  Sir  William  Keith, 
of  Innerugie.  G.  E.  C.  says  this  Lord  Gray 
s.p.leg.  Of  course  he  is  generally  an  excel- 
lent authority,  but  not  so  impeccable  in 
Scottish  as  in  English  matters,  his  knowledge 
not  being  as  first  hand  in  the  former.  Also 
he  is  apt  to  disregard  females,  except  in 
the  direct  line  of  succession. 

The  point  is  of  importance,  as  this  Sir 
William  of  Innerugie  left  two  daughters, 
great  heiresses.  The  elder,  Margaret,  married 
her  chief,  William,  fourth  Earl  Marischal, 
before  30  June,  1538 ;  the  younger,  Elizabeth, 
married  William,  seventh  Lord  Forbes.  Both 
these  races,  and  the  descendants  of  their 
numerous  alliances,  are  affected  by  the 
question  whether  or  not  they  trace  Plan- 
tagenet  descent  through  James  I.'s  queen. 

J.  M.  COLLYER. 

New  University  Club,  S.W. 

TREATY  OF  UTRECHT. — Can  any  of  your 
readers  give  me  the  title  and  date  of  a 
dissertation,  in  Dutch,  by  Dr.  Doesburg,  on 
the  genesis  of  this  treaty  ;  and  tell  me  also 
in  what  Dutch  periodicals  I  shall  find  the 
articles  by  Prof.  Bussernaker,  of  Groningen, 
on  the  early  years  of  the  eighteenth  century  ? 

J.  F.  ROTTOX. 

Godalming. 

ROMANTHEATRE  AT  VERULAM.— In  Wright's 

'  Wanderings  of  an  Antiquary  '  an  engraving 
is  given  of  the  Roman  theatre  at  Verulam, 
or  rather  its  foundations.  Can  any  of  your 
readers  inform  me  if  this  theatre  is  still 
exposed  to  view,  or  whether  it  has  been 
covered  up  again  1 

AETHUE  W.  THOMAS,  M.D. 
Boscombe. 

"  PHIL  ELIA." — In  the  final  series  of  Lamb's 
*  Essays  of  Elia '  a  paper  was  printed  at  the 
commencement,  signed  by  "  Phil  Elia,"  and 
entitled  *  Preface  by  a  Friend  of  the  late 
Elia.'  Can  any  of  your  readers  tell  me  who 
"  Phil  Elia  "  was  ?  He  does  not  strike  me  as 
being  a  particularly  good-natured  friend. 
AECHIBALD  SPAEKE. 

Bolton  Public  Libraries. 

GABEIEL  BUTLEE.  —  I  shall  be  obliged  if 
any  of  your  readers  can  give  me  infor- 
mation about  a  Gabriel  Butler,  of  Earswell, 
co.  Southampton.  He  must  have  lived  about. 
the  middle  of  the  eighteenth  century,  as  his 


528 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  DEC.  si, 


son  Thomas  died  in  1803,  in  his  seventy-first 
year.  I  am  anxious  to  know  who  his  father 
was,  and  where  Earswell  is  or  was. 

GEOFFREY  BUTLER. 
Bank  of  England. 

GOETTINGEN  HIPPODROME. — On  the  fa£ade 
of  a  building  in  the  Weenderstrasse,  in 
Goettingen,  Hanover,  there  is  the  following 
inscription.  It  may  perhaps  survive  longer 
in  *N.  &  Q.'  than  in  its  own  place.  It  is 
surmounted  by  the  royal  arms  : — 

PROVIDENTIA 
GEORGII   .   II 

M=BRIT=REGIS  .   ET  .   ELECT=BR=LVN= 

CONDITAM   .   A   .   SE   .   ACADEMIAM 

HOC   .   HIPPODROMO 

EXORNAVIT 

MDCCXXXV. 

It  is  in  raised  letters  of  metal  fixed  into  the 
stone.    Each  i  except  that  in  BRIT  has  its 
dot.  Has  this  already  appeared  in  any  book  1 
E.  S.  DODGSON. 

GREAT  SEAL  IN  GUTTA-PERCHA.— In  the 
Mechanics'  Magazine  for  20  January,  1849 
(vol.  1.  p.  64),  there  is  a  paragraph  stating 
that  the  Great  Seal  attached  to  the  Irish 
patents  for  inventions  issued  at  that  date  was 
of  gutta-percha,  instead  of  wax.  The  editor 
of  the  above-named  periodical  was  a  patent 
agent  of  great  experience,  and  I  have  no 
doubt  as^to  the  truth  of  the  statement,  how- 
ever difficult  it  may  be  to  believe  that  a 
Chancery  official,  even  in  Ireland,  could 
sanction  so  startling  an  innovation.  Can 
any  reader  say  whether  a  gutta-percha  Great 
Seal  is  preserved  in  any  public  collection  1 

R.  B.  P. 

AGNOSTIC  POETS.  —  Can  any  reader  of 
A .  &  Q.'  give  me  the  names  of  the  principal 
representatives  of  agnostic  poetry,  and  the 
titles  of  their  works,  with  the  year  of  publi- 
cation? Have  the  English  philosophical 
poets  of  this  cast  ever  been  treated  in  a 
monograph  1  I  should  accept  any  informa- 
tion on  this  point  with  many  thanks. 

G.  KRUEGER. 
Berlin. 

SAMUEL  WILDERSPIN.— A  contemporary  re- 
port says  that 

"on  Monday  morning,  June  7  [1847],  at  the 
hospitable  board  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Daniel  Gaskell 
between  twenty  and  thirty  guests  [including 
Charles  Dickens  Monckton  Milnes,  and  Thornton 
LuntJ  assembled  at  breakfast  to  grace  the  pre- 
sentation of  a  timepiece,  the  offering  of  a  large 
lumber  of  children  and  some  teachers,  to  their 
indefatigable  friend,  Samuel  Wilderspin.  A  scroll 
containing  a  long  list  of  infants'  autographs  hung 
irom i  the  oeilmg  to  the  floor  on  which  the  remainder 
ot  the  coil  rested,  bearing  no  doubt  many  names 


destined  to  future  celebrity.  Beside  this  scroll' 
appeared  Wilder-spin's  portrait,  an  excellent  like- 
ness and  an  admirable  work  of  art,  the  production 
of  the  pencil  of  J.  R.  Herbert,  R.A." 

Where   may   this  (or  any  other   portrait  of 
Wilderspin)  now  be  seen  1    Was  it  (or  any 
other  portrait) engraved?    DAVID  SALMON. 
Swansea. 

"GOOD    NEWS     TO    THOSE  WHOSE    LIGHT    IS 

LOW.  "—I  should  be  glad  to  know  where  I  can 
find  a  passage  which  runs  nearly  as  follows  : 
"Good  news  is  brought  to  those  whose  light 
is  low,  telling  them  the  things  which  belong, 
unto  their  peace."  EXEMPLAR. 

SIR  WILLIAM  CALVERT.— I  should  be  glad 
to  know  the  date  of  the  death  of  Sir  William 
Calvert  (Lord  Mayor  of  London  in  1748),  and 
where  some  account  of  him  can  be  found. 

D.  E. 

New  Bedford,  Mass. 

EOYAL  ARTILLERY  OFFICERS.— Biographies 
of  the  following  are  wanted  for  the  purpose 
of  completing  the  regimental  records  : — 

Major-General  Sir  Haylett  Framingham, 
K.C.B.,  K.C.H.,  died  at  Cheltenham,  10Mavr 
1820. f 

Major  -  General  Sir  John  May,  K.C.B., 
K.C.H.,  died  in  London,  8  May,  1847. 

Brevet  -  Major    Robert    Hutchinson    Ordr, 
K.H.,  died  at  Woolwich,  4  December,  1828. 
J.  H.  LESLIE,  Major. 

Army  and  Navy  Club,  St.  James's  Square. 

"WHEN  SHE  WAS  GOOD,"  &c.— Who  is  the 
author  of  the  poem  in  which  the  following 
lines  occur  1 — 

When  she  was  good,  she  was  very  very  good, 
But  when  she  was  bad  she  was  horrid. 

Q.  W.  V. 

[We  fancy  the  author  is  Mr.  Thomas  Bailey 
Aldrich,  the  American  poet.] 

DONALD  CAMERON  was  admitted  to  West- 
minster School,  5  February,  1783.  Any 
particulars  concerning  him  would  be  of  use. 

G.  F.  JR.  B. 

GEORGE  SMART,  about  the  year  1810,  in- 
vented a  machine  for  cleaning  chimneys, 
obtaining  the  Society  of  Arts'  two  gold 
medals  and  the  premium  offered  by  them 
for  the  best  mechanical  means  for  chimney- 
cleaning.  He  named  his  invention  the  "Scan- 
discope,"  an  account  of  which  is  given  in 
Hone's  'Every-Day  Book'  and  in  the  'Penny 
Encyclopedia.'  His  invention  superseded  the 
limbing-boys  eventually,  although  at  the 
:ime  the  greatest  opposition  was  shown  to  it 
the  master  chimney-sweeps.  The  Gentle- 
nan's  Magazine  states  that  he  was  a  timber 


ID-"  s.  ii.  DEC.  si,  19M-]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


529 


merchant  at  Lambeth.    I  shall  be  glad  if  any 
of  your  readers  can  state  particulars  of  his 
family  and  parentage,  and   the  date  of  hi 
death.  ALASDAIR  MACGILLEAN. 

LEFROY  FAMILY.— I  should  be  much  obliged 
if  any  of  your  readers  could  tell  me  the  name 
of  any  book  in  which  mention  is  made  of  any 
Lefroys  (Loffroy,  Loffrpie,  &c.)  who  existec 
previous  to  1588.  I  believe  that  in  a  certain 
article  in  Society  Notes  some  years  ago  a 
writer  stated  that  the  Chateau  d'Eu  (near 
Cambray)  was  known  to  have  been  built  by 
**  the  brothers  Lefroy,"  architects,  in  1568 
I  cannot  discover  who  wrote  this  article,  or 
whence  he  got  his  information.  I  should  also 
be  glad  to  know  of  any  one  of  that  name 
living  in  France  or  any  other  foreign  country 
(not  belonging  to  England)  that  any  of  your 
readers  may  have  heard  of  when  abroad. 
H.  LEFROY,  Lieut.R.E. 

R.E.  Quarters,  Shorncliffe. 

QUEEN'S  SURNAME.— What  is  the  family 
name  of  our  present  Queen,  in  the  same  way 
as  Guelph  is  the  family  name  of  the  King 
and  his  Hanoverian  ancestors  1  I  can  find 
no  clue  in  any  book  at  the  Brighton  Public 
Reference  Library.  E.  M.  GRACE. 

SIR  ANTHONY  JACKSON.  —  Can  any  corre- 
spondent tell  me  if  there  are  any  English 
families  descended  from  Sir  Anthony  Jack- 
son, who  was  knighted  at  Breda  in  1650,  and 
interred  in  the  Temple  Church,  London,  in 
1666  1  WM.  JACKSON  PIGOTT. 


COLISEUMS  OLD  AND  NEW. 

(10th  S.  ii.  485.) 

THE  name  of  the  mighty  Coliseum  of  Rome, 
constituting  "the  grandest  remains  of  anti- 
quity in  the  world,"  has  been  taken  in  vain, 
for  neither  the  modern  extraordinary,  if  pic- 
turesque structure  in  St.  Martin's  Lane  nor 
that  in  Regent's  Park  affords  the  slightest 
resemblance  to  the  Flavian  amphitheatre. 
The  origin  of  the  Regent's  Park  edifice  is  a 
curious  one.  A  Mr.  Hprnor,*  a  land  surveyor, 
during  the  construction  of  the  present  ball 
and  cross  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral  by  C.  R. 
Cockerell,  Esq.,  A.R.A.,  undertook  to  make 
a  series  of  panoramic  sketches  of  London 
from  a  temporary  observatory  raised  above 
the  cross ;  and  that  he  might  overcome  the 
difficulties  which  the  smoke  of  the  vast  city 

*  In  '  Old  and  New  London  '  the  name  is  spelt 
"  Horner,"  but  Elmes,  who  was  intimate  with  the 
artist,  invariably  writes  Hornor  with  two  o's. 


ordinarily  presented,  he  invariably  com- 
menced his  labours  immediately  after  sunrise, 
before  the  lighting  of  innumerable  fires  had 
time  to  obscure  the  brick-and-mortar-scape 
with  the  reek.  Mr.  James  Elmes,  who  was 
engaged  at  first  by  Mr.  Hornor  to  superintend 
the  erection  of  the  building  that  was  to 
contain  the  drawings,  until  superseded  in 
that  task  by  Mr.  Decimus  Burton,  was  occa- 
sionally a  witness,  he  tells  us,  to  the  precision 
with  which  the  projector  of  this  immense 
picture  determined  the  situations  of  the 
various  buildings  on  his  paper,  and  of  his 
"extreme  inaccuracy  as  to  architectural 
details." 

So  far  as  external  design  went,  Burton's 
building  is  claimed  by  Mr.  Elmes  to  have 
been  precisely  the  same  as  his  own,  namely, 
a  sixteeen-sided  polygon,  with  a  Doric  portico 
and  cupola.  But  the  grandest  feature  of 
the  building,  which  was  rather  a  miniature 
Pantheon  than  a  Coliseum,  was  its  portico, 
"one  of  the  finest  and  best  proportioned  of 
the  Greco -Doric  in  the  metropolis,"  and 
this  gave  a  majestic  feature  to  that  part  of 
the  park  in  which  it  was  situated,  a  part,  as 
MR.  CECIL  CLARKE  points  out  now,  occupied 
by  the  fine  row  of  mansions  called  Cambridge 
Gate,  in  honour,  no  doubt,  of  the  late  Ranger. 
In  the  accounts  of  this  show-place  in  my 
possession  there  is  no  mention  of  the  lower 
part  having  been  arranged  as  a  bazaar, 
though  this  may  well,  perhaps,  have  been  so. 
A  writer  in  the  Mirror  says  the  first  place 
that  particularly  attracted  ^  notice  after 
entering  was  the  saloon,  which  was  fitted 
up  with  festooned  draperies,  arranged  in 
imitation  of  an  immense  tent,  with  numerous 
recesses  around  the  exterior  verge  for  settees 
and  tables.  Round  this  apartment  was  a 
choice  collection  of  sculpture,  and  casts  by 
celebrated  ancient  and  modern  artists.  There 
was  also  a  skating-room  of  artificial  ice,  of 
which  an  illustration  is  given  in  the  Mirror 
for  6  August,  1842.  See  also  the  Monthly 
Supplement  of  the  Penny  Magazine,  28  Feb- 
ruary to  31  March,  1833,  and  Elmes's  'Topo- 
graphical Dictionary,'  1831. 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

MR.  CECIL  CLARKE  must  be  in  error  as  to 
here  being  a  panorama  in  the  centre  of 
Leicester  Square,  unless  the  "Great  Globe" 
can  be  called  such.  Burford's  "Panorama," 
N"o.  16  in  the  square  on  the  north  side,  hard 
ay  Cranbourne  Street,  was  for  many  years  a 
-ery  popular  place  of  amusement  and  in- 
struction, having  exhibited  a  long  series  of 
panoramic  pictures  of  great  interest  and  con- 
stituting one  of  the  chief  attractions  of 
London. 


530 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  n.  DEC.  si,  im. 


I  remember  Wyld's  "Great  Globe"  being 
erected  in  1851  in  the  centre  of  the  square, 
and  according  to  Wyld's  lease  or  agreement 
it  had  to  be  removed  in  1861  or  1862,  when  the 
bronze  figure  was  again  replaced.  I  have  often 
wondered  what  became  of  it.  I  have  heard  that 
when  taken  down  the  pieces  were  numbered 
ready  to  be  replaced  in  some  other  locality. 
As  an  educational  medium  it  was  invaluable. 
The  Times,  30  May,  1851,  says:  "On  the 
importance  of  this  remarkable  work  as  a 
means  of  instruction  to  those  bent  upon  the 
acquisition  of  solid  knowledge  it  would  be 
superfluous  to  expatiate." 

CHAS.  G.  SMITHERS. 

47,  Darnley  Road,  N.E. 

Illustrated  articles  on  the  old  Coliseum, 
Regent's  Park,  will  be  found  in  the  Mirror  of 
17  and  31  January  and  14  February,  1829. 
There  is  also  a  good  engraving  of  the  building 
and  a  long  account,  containing  details  of  its 
progress  and  construction,  in  'Metropolitan 
Improvements ;  or,  London  in  the  Nineteenth 
Century,'  by  Thos.  H.  Shepherd  and  James 
Elmes  (1827).  In  each  of  the  above-named 
volumes  the  name  of  the  place  is  given  as 
"  The  Colosseum."  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

It  would  be  a  matter  for  regret  if  *  N.  &  Q.' 
were  to  appear  as  an  authority  for  any 
incorrect  statement  as  to  the  old  Coliseum  in 
Regent's  Park.  I  can  say  from  personal 
recollection  that  neither  of  the  panoramas 
in  the  upper  part  of  the  building  was 
'  Lisbon  at  Night ' ;  though  one  was  4  Paris,' 
but  whether  by  night  or  by  day  I  cannot 
remember.  Lisbon  appeared  in  the  lower 
part  of  the  house,  in  the  exhibition  which 
reproduced  the  earthquake  of  Lisbon  as  it 
happened— in  which  the  tossing  of  the  ships, 
the  noise  of  the  sea,  and  other  elemental 
phenomena,  used  to  terrify  us  children. 

E.  DYSEY. 

SOUTHEY s  '  OMNIANA,'  1812  (10th  S.  ii.  305, 
410).— In  reply  to  MR.  JOHN  T.  CURRY,  I  may 
say  that  there  can  be  no  possible  doubt  about 
the  back  labels  on  the  two  volumes  of 
'  Omniana '  which  I  described  in  my  formei 
note  being  the  original  ones.  The  omission 
of  Southey's  name  by  the  binder  of  MR. 
CURRY  s  copy  cannot  be  accepted  as  a  "proof 
that  the  work  was  published  anonymously 

What  the  binder  did  "  is  no  better  evidence 
than  "what  the  soldier  said."  No  biblio- 
grapher would  ever  think  of  collating  a  book 
from  a  "bound"  copy  so  long  as  it  was 
possible  to  examine  one  in  its  original  con 
dition.  The  copy  I  described  is  a  very  fine  one 


n  the  original  boards,  and  was  formerly  in 
the  possession  of  Canon  Ainger.  The  binder 
of  MR.  CURRY'S  copy  is  shown  by  that  gentle- 
man to  have  been  a  careless  one,  as  he  is  said 
to  have  bound  up  the  "Contents"  of  both 
volumes  in  the  second  volume,  and  very  likely 
:he  copy  which  he  bound  had  lost  its  back 
abel,  and  he  merely  lettered  it  from  the 
title-page.  Any  one  who  has  had  experience 
of  binders  knows  that  (to  vary  MR.  CURRY'S 
Elabakkuk  simile)  they  are  in  one  respect 
.ike  the  British  army  :  if  not  always  ready 
"  to  go  anywhere,"  they  will  at  any  rate  "do 
anything."  Many  years  ago,  when  in  my 
oibliophilic  infancy,  I  entrusted  a  set  of 
Dickens  first  editions  to  a  binder  to  be  put  into 
uniform  "jackets."  When  they  were  returned, 
I  discovered  that  all  the  half-titles  had  been 
carefully  cancelled,  whereby  the  set  was 
ruined  from  a  collector's  point  of  view.  But 
the  absence  of  the  half-titles  in  my  volumes 
was  no  "  proof  "  that  they  never  existed.  On 
,  later  occasion  I  handed  an  old  black-letter 
opy  of  the  romance  of  '  Valentine  and  Orson ' 
to  the  great  Francis  Bedford  to  be  bound.  _  It 
was  returned  in  a  beautiful  coat,  but  the  title 
was  lettered  on  the  back  'Valentine  and 
Arson.'  After  this,  I  no  longer  wondered  at 
the  frequent  fires  that  take  place  in  book- 
binders' establishments.  As  to  the  question 
of  anonymity,  I  have  been  favoured  by  an 
esteemed  correspondent  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  with  a 
sight  of  Messrs.  Longman's  list  of  publications 
fpr  March,  1813,  which  contains  the  names,  &c., 
of  books  then  in  print.  In  this  list  'Omniana' 
is  plainly  entered  as  being  "  by  Robert 
Southey."  It  would  therefore  appear  that 
Southey  decidedly  claimed  the  collection  as 
his  own,  although,  as  MR.  CURRY  points  out, 
he  acknowledged  the  collaboration  of  *'a 
different  writer." 

Through  the  courtesy  of  Messrs.  Longman, 
I  am  enabled  to  state  that  the  edition  of 
'Omniana'  consisted  of  1,500  copies,  and  that 
it  was  not  exhausted  till  1829.  It  did  not 
receive  the  honours  of  a  reprint.  Messrs. 
Longman  paid  the  printing  charges,  and 
there  is  nothing  in  their  ledgers  to  show 
that  they  took  over  the  sheets  from  any 
other  publisher  or  printer.  The  profits  arising 
from  the  sale  of  the  book  were  equally 
divided  between  Southey  and  Messrs.  Long- 
man. All  this,  I  admit,  militates  against 
my  position  ;  but  it  is  not  entirely  con- 
vincing, as,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  letters 
from  Southej7,  the  correspondence  which 
passed  between  him  and  the  firm  at  that 
date  no  longer  exists,  and  the  points  which  I 
raised  in  my  former  note,  and  with  which 
your  correspondent  GRETA  does  not  deal, 


ii.  DEC.  31, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


531 


seem  to  require  explanation.  I  do  not  quite 
agree  with  GRETA  that  if  the  work  was 
transferred  from  Gale  <fe  Curtis  to  Long 
man,  it  could  only  have  been  after  the  date 
of  its  actual  publication  by  the  former  firm. 
My  theory  is  that  there  was  no  actual 
publication  by  Gale  &  Curtis,  that  the 
sheets  were  transferred  to  Longman  before 
the  whole  of  the  second  volume  was  printed 
off,  and  that  some  of  Gale  &  Curtis's  title- 
pages  escaped  cancellation  when  the  sheets 
were  taken  over  by  Longman.  A  somewhat 
parallel  case  may  be  found  in  Mr.  Swin- 
burne's book  'The  Queen -Mother  and 
Rosafcond,'  1860.  To  quote  Mr.  T.  J.  Wise, 
in  his  '  Bibliography  of  Swinburne ' : — 

"Upon  the  eye  of  publication,  and  before  any 
but  a  few  'review'  copies  had  been  sent  out, 
arrangements  were  made  to  transfer  '  The  Queen- 
Mother,'  &c.,  to  Edward  Moxon,  who  issued  the 
work  without  further  delay.  The  sheets  already 
prepared  for  Pickering  were  employed,  but  the 
title-page  was  cancelled,  and  replaced  with  a 
second." 

I  should  like  to  add  that  there  was  no  error, 
though  there  may  have  been  an  omission, 
on  the  part  of  Mr.  Shepherd,  since  in  the 

*  Bibliography   of    Coleridge,'    as    originally 
published  by  that  gentleman  in  the  pages  of 

*  X.  &  Q.,'  no  publisher's  name  is  given  in  the 
description   of   'Omniana'  (8th    S.  vii.  443). 
My  authority  for  adding  the  names  of  Gale 
&  Curtis  was  contained,  to  the  best  of  my 
recollection,  in  a  heap  of  memoranda  which 
had  been  collected  by  Mr.  Shepherd  in  view 
of  a  revised  edition  of  his  work,  and  which 
were  temporarily  placed  at  my  disposal.    It 
is  surely  inconceivable  that  a  bibliographer, 
with    "Longman,  Hurst,   Rees,   Orme,  and 
Brown"  staring  him  in    the    face    on    the 
title-page  of  a  book,  would  change,  either 
deliberately  or  accidentally,  the  imprint  into 
"Gale  &  Curtis.."      What  object   could    he 
have  in  doing  so?    1  feel  sure  that  copies 
with  Gale  &  Curtis's  imprint  are  in  existence, 
and  that  Mr.    Shepherd,  or  his  informant, 
must  have  met  with  one. 

W.   F.   PfllDEAUX. 

BELL-RINGING  ON  13  AUGUST,  1814  (10th 
S.  ii.  369,  414). — Probably  in  commemoration 
•of  the  signing  of  peace  on  1  June  between 
France  and  Great  Britain,  Russia,  Austria, 
.and  Prussia.  News  travelled  slowly  then. 
I  have  read  of  bell-ringing  for  Waterloo— 
in  a  far-off  village— a  year  after  the  event. 
HAROLD  MALET,  Colonel. 

EPITAPHIANA  (10th  S.  ii.  322,  396,  474).— I 
am  grateful  to  W.  S  for  so  kindly  correcting 
me.  I  regret  that  by  some  means  or  other 
the  word  south  slipped  into  my  note,  as  I 


know  quite  well  the  stone  stands  in  the 
northern  portion  of  the  burial-ground.  I 
do  not  consider  tape-measure  accuracy  is 
absolutely  necessary  in  describing  the  posi- 
tion of  a  stone,  but  a  general  indication  of 
where  it  can  be  found  is  always  helpful. 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 
West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

"GALAPiNE"(10th  S.  ii.  447).— In  Cotgrave's 
'  Dictionary,' ed.  1632,  the  word  is  thus  given: 
"  Gallopins  :  m.  Vnder  Cookes,  or  Scullions 
in  Monasteries."  R.  OLIVER  HESLOP. 

Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 

Halliwell,  in  the  '  Archaic  Dictionary,'  has 
this  entry,  which  is,  no  doubt,  to  the  purpose  : 
"  Gallopin.  An  under-cook  ;  a  scullion.  See 
Arch.,  xv.  11 ;  'Ord.  and  Reg.,'  p.  252." 

THOMAS  BAYNE. 

CROSS  IN  THE  GREEK  CHURCH  (10th  S.  ii. 
469).  —  The  upper  bar,  usually  straight, 
indicates  the  inscription  commonly  abbre- 
viated INRI;  the  arms  were  extended  on 
the  main  bar  ;  the  position  of  the  lower  bar, 
upon  which  the  feet  of  the  Sufferer  were 
nailed,  points  the  mind  upward  and  raises 
the  hopes  of  the  believer  towards  the 
Resurrection.  In  many  cases  the  ends  are 
elaborately  bordered,  which  possibly  typifies 
the  Eastern  view  of  the  cross  as  an  instru- 
ment of  honour  rather  than  of  ignominy. 
As  a  well-known  hymn,  translated  by  the 
Rev.  J.  M.  Neale,  expresses  the  thought : — 

O  Tree  of  glory,  Tree  most  fair, 
Ordained  those  Holy  Limbs' to  bear. 

In  the  same  hymnal  may  be  found  the 
varying    ideas    "faithful    cross,"    "sweetest 
wood  and  sweetest  iron,"   beside    "Tree   of 
scorn,"  "  awful  Tree,"  and  "  Cross  of  sorrow." 
Th&  splendour  of  Moscow  churches    and 
monasteries,  with  golden  domes  surmounted 
y    these    crosses    and    connected  by   light 
hainwork,  glittering  in  clear  sunlight,  can 
never  be  forgotten  by  the  visitor. 

FRANCIS  P.  MARCHANT. 
Streatham  Common. 

The  upper  cross-piece  represents  the  title; 
the  lower,  the  foot-rest.  J.  T.  F. 

Durham. 

MERCURY  IN  TOM  QUAD,  OXFORD  (10th  S.  ii. 
467). — May  I  presume  to  suggest  that  your 
correspondent  ALMA  MATER  is  thinking  of 
;he  figure  that  once  stood  in  the  quad  at 
3rasenose?  Tuck  well's  'Reminiscences  of 
Oxford'  (1900),  p.  252,  describes  it  as  an 
'object  of  curiosity  long  since  removed," 
and  mentions  Mark  Pattison's  story  of  his 
ather's  escapade,  when,  as  an  undergraduate, 
le  was  caught  one  night  astride  upon  it  by 


532 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  11.  DEC.  31,  MM. 


the  tutor,  Hodson,  but  escaped  the  penalty 
by  quoting  Aristophanes.  The  statue,  how- 
ever, was  perhaps  not  Hercules,  but,  in  Tuck- 
well's  words,  "a  man  bestriding  a  prostrate 
foe  and  raising  a  mighty  jawbone  for  the 
death  blow."  C.  W.  B. 

Canon  H.  L.  Thompson,  in  his  short  history 
of  Christ  Church  (1900),  p.  232,  says  :— 

"  The  bronze  head  of  Mercury  himself— whose 
statue,  dethroned  more  than  seventy  years  ago, 
was  hidden  for  many  years  in  a  stonemason's  yard 
— now  rests  in  dignified  but  inaccessible  seclusion 
in  the  Wake  archives  of  the  Library,  to  which  safe 
home  it  was  entrusted  by  the  Rev.  T.  Vere  Bayne." 

Dr.  Ingram,   in   the  first    volume  of    his 

*  Memorials  of  Oxford5   (1832-7),   speaks  of 
the  removal  as  recent,  so  I  suppose  we  may 
place  it  in  the  late  twenties.  During  the  reign 
of  Dean  John  Fell,  before  1670,  Dr.  Richard 
Gardiner,  the  senior  Prebend,  had  given  the 
basin,  "  and  in  the  midst  thereof  a  rock  of 
stone  with  a  large  globe  covered  with  lead 
and  gilt,  and  a  fountain  of  water  conveyed 
through  the  centre  of  the  said  rock  and  globe 
by  a  pipe  running  through  the  mouth  of  a 
serpent  into  the  said  basin."    Tom  Quad,  as 
thus  finished  and   beautified,  may   be  seen 
in  Loggan's  drawing  of  1675.     In  1695  the 
statue  of  Mercury  (the  body  of  lead,  the  head 
and   neck  of  bronze)  supplanted  the  globe. 
The  gift  of  Canon  Anthony  Radcliffe,  it  was 
evidently  a  copy  of  Giovanni  da  Bologna's 
beautiful  flying  Mercury  now  in  the  Bargello 
at  Florence.      This  was  cast  in  1565,  and, 

.  like  many  other  bronzes  of  the  period,  was 
originally  placed  on  a  fountain  in  one  of  the 
Medicean  villas.  The  Oxford  replica,  which 
in  all  probability  occupied  the  site  of  an 
ancient  preaching-cross  formerly  belonging 
to  the  priory  of  St.  Frideswide,  may  be  seen 
on  the  *  Oxford  Almanack'  tops  for  1724  and 
the  following  year.  Mr.  John  Fulleylove, 
R.I.,  greatly  daring,  has  recently  painted  a 
picture  of  a  portion  of  the  great  quadrangle 
looking  towards  Tom  Tower,  showing  Mer- 
cury again  poised  upon  his  pedestal  (see 

*  Oxford,'  by  Fulleylove  and   Thomas,  1903, 
p.  105).     The  effect  is  not  among  his  happier 
renderings  of  Oxford.     But  at  the  same  time 
Tom  Quad  calls  for  some  central  object  of 
beauty,  both  to  relieve  the  monotony  of  the 
present  ground-plan  and  to  display  the  great 
size  of  the  area.    The  beauty  of  the  even 
larger  great  court  of  Trinity,  Cambridge,  is 
much  enhanced   by  the  admirable  fountain 
which  adorns  its  centre.        A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

A  statue  of  Mercury  (the  body  of  lead,  and 
toe-bead  and  neck  of  bronze)  was  presented 
to  the  House  by  Canon  Anthony  Radcliffe  in 


the  last  decade  of  the  seventeenth  century. 
According  to  Mr.  H.  L.  Thompson's  *  Christ 
Church'  (1900),  "the  statue,  dethroned 
more  than  seventy  years  ago,  was  hidden  for 
many  years  in  a  stonemason's  yard,"  while 
the  bronze  head  rests  among  "the  Wake- 
archives  of  the  Library  "  (see  pp.  87-8,  232). 

G.  F.  R.  B. 

Perhaps  the  following  extract  from  '  Lusus 
Alteri  Westmonasterienses  '  (1867)  may  throw 
some  little  light  on  the  subject.  In  an 
epigram  dated  1812  (p.  217)  the  subjoined 
may  be  found  : — 

Nonne  hoc  monstri  est  simile.      * 
In  platea,  Wolseie,  tua  stat  Mercurius,  qui 

Plumbeus  exiles  ejaculatur  aquas. 
Quid  vult  hoc  monstrum  ?  levis  est  deus  iste,  deique 

Materies  etiam  debuit  esse  levis,  &c. 

An  appended  note  adds  : — 

"  This  leaden  image  stood  in  the  centre  of  a 
round  tank  in  the  great  quadrangle  of  Christ 
Church,  Oxford,  but  was  dragged  from  its  pedestal 
in  the  night  by  some  riotous  undergraduates." 

The  old  statue  called  Cain  and  Abel,  said 
by  some  to  represent  Samson  slaying  a 
Philistine,  has  disappeared  from  the  quad- 
rangle of  Brasenose  College,  so  perhaps  in 
future  years  its  very  existence  may  be 
questioned.  JOHN  PICKFOKD,  M.A. 

The  following  note  from  "Oxford,  painted 
by  John  Fulleylove,  R.I.,  described  by  Edward 
Thomas,"  refers  to  a  reproduction  of  the 
Mercury  : — 

"Christ  Church  College— Tom  Quadrangle.— The 
front  of  the  picture  is  occupied  by  part  of  the  basin- 
of  the  fountain,  from  the  centre  of  which  rises  a 
pedestal  bearing  a  figure  in  bronze  of  '  Mercury ' 
(restored).  In  reality  the  figure  no  longer  shows 
above  the  water-lilies  in  the  basin,  but  engravings 
of  views  of  the  Quadrangle  in  the  eighteenth  cen- 
tury, in  which  a  figure  of  Mercury  appears,  are  still 
to  be  seen,  and  the  fountain  was  once  called  '  The 
Mercury.'  The  entrance  gateway  to  the  College- 
and  a  portion  of  Tom  Tower  appear  in  the  back- 
ground." 

A.  C.  B. 

"  PAPERS"  (9th  S.xii.  387;  10th  S.  i.  18,  53» 
111,  172).— I  have  just  met  with  an  early 
instance  of  the  official  use  of  the  word 
"  Papers "  in  connexion  with  the  sale  and 
exchange  of  commissions  in  the  army.  It 
is  under  the  heading  '  Form  of  Application 
for  Permission  to  Exchange,'  at  p.  41  of  the 
'  General  Regulations  and  Orders  for  the 
Army,'  1811,  and  is  as  follows  : — 

"  All  Applications  for  Officers  to  exchange  f ronr 
one  Regiment  to  another  are  to  be  accompanied  by 
a  Certificate  from  the  Colonel  or  Officer  Command- 
ing the  Regiment  to  which  they  actually  belong, 
according  to  the  folio  wing  Form: — I ,  Command- 
ing the Regiment  of ,  do  hereby  certify 

upon  my  Word  and  Honor  as  an  Officer  and  a 


10*  s.  ii.  DEC.  si,  1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


533 


Gentleman,  that  the  Exchange  recommended  in  the 
Papers  now  accompanying  this  Certificate  does  not 
originate  in  any  Regimental  Proceeding  of  any 
kind,  or  in  any  cause  affecting  the  Honor  and 

Character  of ,  nor  are   there  any  grounds  of 

personal  objection  to  the  Individual,  of  which  I  am 
aware,  that  have  in  the  smallest  degree  induced  an 
application  for  such  Exchange." 

w.  s. 

HELL,  HEAVEN,  AND  PARADISE  AS  PLACE- 
NAMES  (10th  S.  i.  245,  332  ;  ii.  354).— II  y  a  a 
Madrid  une  petite  rue  qui  porte  aujourd'hui 
le  nom  de  "Arco  del  Triunfo,"  et  qu'avant 
on  nommait  "  Callejon  del  Infierno,"  a  cause 
des  grandes  flammes  qui  se  produirent  par 
un  grand  incendie  qui  detruisit  la  Plaza 
Mayor  presque  entiere  en  1631. 

Comme  cette  ruelle  servait  d'entree  a  la 
comitive  royale  lorsque  les  rois  honoraient  de 
leur  presence  les  fetes  populaires  qui  se 
celebraient  dans  tous  les  evenements  propices 
a  la  dynastie  autrichienne,  cet  incendie  fut 
le  pretexte  pour  1'elargir,  ce  qui  donna  occa- 
sion a  1'aumonier  du  couventdes  "Recogidas," 
1'abbe  Salas,  pour  ecrire  cet  epigramme  : — 
I  En  que  estado  se  hallaran 

Las  costumbres  de  este  pueblo 

Cuando  es  precise  ensanchar 

El  callejon  del  Infierno  ! 

Dans  une  maison  de  cette  ruelle  demeurait 
1'abbe  Merino,  regicide,  qui  en  1852  pretendit 
assassiner  la  reine  Isabelle  II. 

FLORENOIO  DE  UHAGON. 
46,  Gran  via,  Bilbao,  Espagne. 

SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY  PHRASES  (10th  S.  ii. 
425).— 

Parragen. — By  this  I  presume  parragone 
is  intended,  which  is  a  richly  embroidered 
cloth,  imported  principally  from  Turkey. 
See  7th  S.  v. ;  8th  S.  vi. 

Danceing  the  ropes. — To  be  hanged. 

"  If  any  of  them  chanc'd  to  be  made  dance  ithj 
rope,  they  thought  him  happy  to  be  so  freed  of  the 
care  and  trouble  attends  the  miserable  indigent." — 
'Comical  Hist,  of  Francion,'  1655. 

To  putt  for  thepoore  children. — Putt,  a  clown, 
a  silly  fellow,  a  simpleton,  an  oddity  (Annan- 
dale).  EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

Perhaps  the  "Spaniards  discipline"  was  a 
relic  of  the  religious  observances  partially 
introduced  by  Philip  of  Spain.  In  Shelvocke's 
'Voyage  round  the  World '  (1757),  227,  quoted 
in  the  '  H.E.D.,'  is  a  similar  phrase,  "  Having 
regulated  themselves  according  to  the  dis- 
cipline of  Jamaica." 

A  parmgen  is  probably  a  "barracan,"  a 
kind  of  woollen  stuff;  a  sort  of  camblet 
(Ash's  '  Diet.,'  1795),  of  which  coat  and  trousers 
were  made. 


the  pale.  —  Looked  to  his  ex- 
penditure. To  leap  the  pale  was  to  exceed 
one's  expenses  (Halliwell). 

A  "compliment"  was  a  gift  or  present. 
Capt.  Marcie  seems  to  have  been  "  shown  the 
door  "  in  default  of  something  of  this  kind. 

Possibly  when  Sir  Humphrey  Mildmay 
rode  to  Putleigh  "  and  remained  there  all  the 
day  to  putt  for  the  poore  children,"  he  went  to 
amuse  the  children  by  means  of  a  game  of 
cards,  now  obsolete,  called  "  putt"  (Nares). 

Danceing  the  ropes. — Would  not  this  be 
an  item  of  expenditure  devoted  to  the  plea- 
sures of  the  time  ?  Pepys  records  going  "  to 
Jacob  Hall's  dancing  on  the  ropes." 

To  beat  sticke.  —  Query  to  depart,  like 
"  to  beat  the  hoof,"  i.e.,  to  go  on  foot. 

J.   HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

A  new  suit  of  parragen,  i.e.,  "paragon," 
gu».in'N.E.D.' 

Sir  Will  Water,  i.e.  "Sir  William  Wal- 
ler," q.v.  in  'D.N.B.,'  lix.  132.  W.  C.  B. 

EPITAPHS  :  THEIR  BIBLIOGRAPHY  (10th  S.  i. 
44,  173,  217,  252,  334  ;  ii.  57,  194).— The  fol- 
lowing may  be  added  : — 

"The  Antiquities  of  St.  Peter's,  or  the  Abbey- 
Church  of  Westminster :  containing  All  the  In- 
scriptions and  Epitaphs."— In  two  volumes,  third 
edition,  1722. 

"The  Monumental  Remains  of  Noble  and  Emi- 
nent Persons,  comprising  the  Sepulchral  Anti- 
quities of  Great  Britain,  engraved  from  Drawings 
by  Edward  Blore,  F.S .A. "—London,  1826. 

"Gleanings  in  Graveyards:  a  Collection  of 
Curious  Epitaphs.  Collated  and  Compiled  by 
Horatio  Edward  Norfolk."— London,  1861. 

"  Mottoes  for  Monuments  or  Epitaphs  selected 
for  Study  or  Application."— By  F.  and  M.  A. 
Palliser.  London,  1872. 

"Guide  to  the  Remarkable  Monuments  in  the 
Howff,  Dundee,  by  A  C.  Lamb,  P. S.A.Scot.  Pre- 
sented by  the  Author." — British  Association  for  the 
Advancement  of  Science.  Visit  to  Dundee,  6  August, 
1892.  Printed  by  John  Leng  &  Co.,  Dundee. 

According  to  the  late  Dean  Stanley  in  his 
'Memorials  of  Westminster  Abbey,'  third 
edition,  1869,  p.  x,  'The  Antiquities  of 
St.  Peter's  '  is  by  J.  Crull.  This  is  confirmed 
by  Allibone,  s.v.  'Crull,  Jodocus,  M.D.'  Dean 
Stanley  says  of  the  book,  "Usually  signed 
J.  C.,  sometimes  H.  S."  In  my  copy  (third 
edition)  the  dedication  of  vol.  i.,  to  the  Earl 
of  Orrery,  is  signed  H.  S.,  while  that  of 
vol.  ii.,  to  Sir  Richard  Steele,  is  signed  J.  R. 
What  do  H.  S.  and  J.  R.  stand  for  1 

'  Mottoes  for  Monuments '  is  of  little  use 
as  a  book  of  reference.  '*  When  the  name  of 
the  author  is  known,  it  has  not  been  thought 
necessary  to  mention  the  churchyard  where 
it  is  to  be  found." 

Of  books  relating  chieHy  to  the  monu- 
ments in  Westminster  Abbey  Dean  Stanley 


534 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  DEC.  31,  MM. 


refers  to  (pp.  ix,  x) l  Reges,  Reginse  et  Nobiles 
in  Ecclesia  Beati  Petri  Westmonasteriensis 
Sepulti,'  by  William  Camden  (1600,  1603,  and 
1606),  and  to  'Monumenta  Westmonasteri- 
«nsia,'  by  Henry  Keepe  (usually  signed  H.  K.), 
1683. 

There  have  been,  no  doubt,  many  editions 
of  '  An  Historical  Description  of  Westminster 
Abbey :  its  Monuments  and  Curiosities  '  (i.e. 
the  Abbey  guide-book)— e.g.,  1836  and  1862. 

Concerning  the  '  Theater  of  Mortality,'  by 
R.  Monteith,  1704  (ante,  p.  194),  I  find  that 
Allibone  speaks  of  a  supplement  published 
in  1713.  ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

St.  Austin's,  Warrington. 

The  following  description  of  the  monu- 
ments in  the  Old  Greyfriars  Churchyard 
at  Edinburgh  (from  *  Guy  Mannering,' 
chap,  xxxvii.)  may  prove  interesting  as  to 
their  condition  about  1775.  It  was  the 
place  of  interment  of  the  spinster  there 
called  Mrs.  Margaret  Bertram — I  am  inclined 
to  think  that  the  Christian  name  of  a  spinster 
was  usually  inserted  when  she  is  styled 
"  Mrs."  :— 

"  They  finally  arrived  at  the  burial-place  of  the 
Singleside  family.  This  was  a  square  enclosure  in 
the  Greyfriars  Churchyard,  guarded  on  one  side  by 
a  veteran  angel,  without  a  nose,  and  having  only 
one  wing,  who  had  the  merit  of  having  maintained 
his  post  for  a  century,  while  his  comrade  cherub, 
who  had  stood  sentinel  on  the  corresponding 
pedestal,  lay  a  broken  trunk  among  the  hemlock, 
burdock,  and  nettles,  which  grew  in  gigantic 
luxuriance  around  the  walls  of  the  mausoleum.  A 
moss-grown  and  broken  inscription  informed  the 
reader  that  in  the  year  1650  Capt.  Andrew 
Bertram,  first  of  Singles'ide,  descended  of  the  very 
ancient  and  honourable  house  of  Ellangowan,  had 
caused  this  monument  to  be  erected  for  himself  and 
his  descendants.  A  reasonable  number  of  scythes, 
and  hour-glasses,  and  death's  heads,  and  cross- 
bones,  garnished  the  following  sprig  of  sepulchral 
poetry,  to  the  memory  of  the  founder  of  the 
mausoleum  :— 

Nathaniel's  heart,  Bezaleel's  hand, 

If  ever  any  had, 
These  boldly  do  I  say  had  he, 
Who  lieth  in  this  bed." 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 
.Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

For  the  benefit  of  readers  interested  in 
this  absorbing  subject,  I  may  state  that 
the  Aberdeen  Daily  Journal  of  this  city 
has  issued  in  instalments  every  alternate 
Wednesday,  from  the  pen  of  our  well-known 
Deeside  historian,  Mr.  John  A.  Henderson, 
articles  on  the  '  Aberdeenshire  Epitaphs  and 
Inscriptions :  with  Historical  and  Genea- 
logical Notes.'  They  are  in  continuation  of 
what  the  late  Mr.  Andrew  Jervaise,  F.S.A. 
bcot.,  did  for  other  parts  of  the  country.  The 
importance  of  epitaphs  and  monumental  in- 


scriptions, particularly  in  relation  to  family 
pedigrees  and  parochial  history,  is  now  fully 
recognized.  It  may  be  mentioned  that  these 
interesting  articles,  which  started  on 
6  January  this  year,  will  ultimately  be 
issued  in  book  form.  Aberdeenshire  affords 
a  field  for  investigation  which  has  not  been 
adequately  or  exhaustively  worked. 

In  Yorkshire  Notes  and  Queries,  edited  by 
Chas.  F.  Forshaw,  LL.D.,  space  is  devoted  to 
the  compilation  of  curious  epitaphs,  with  the 
following  headpiece  : — 

Hush,  ye  fond  flutterer,  hush  !  while  here  alone 
I  search  the  records  of  each  mouldering  stone. 
Praises  on  tombs  are  words  but  vainly  spent, 
A  man's  own  life  is  his  best  monument. 

ROBERT  MURDOCH  LAWRANCE. 
71,  Bon-Accord  Street,  Aberdeen. 

BISHOP  OF  MAN  IMPRISONED,  1722  (10th  S. 
ii.  487). — The  bishop  referred  to  in  these 
letters  is  Bishop  Thomas  Wilson,  of  Sodor 
and  Man.  In  1722  Mr.  Alexander  Home 
was  Governor  of  the  Isle,  the  Earl  of  Derby 
being  then  "  Lord  of  Man."  The  Governor's 
wife  had  spoken  some  scandal  about  a  widow, 
on  account  of  which  the  Government  chap- 
lain, Archdeacon  Horrobin,  refused  to  admit 
the  widow  to  the  Holy  Communion.  The 
widow  appealed  to  the  bishop,  who  investi- 
gated the  case,  and  was  convinced  that  she 
had  been  wronged.  The  Governor's  wife  was 
thereupon  required  to  make  an  apology  and 
to  ask  forgiveness  before  being  admitted  to 
the  Holy  Communion.  She  came,  however, 
and  was  permitted  to  do  so  by  the  arch- 
deacon, who  was  therefore  suspended  at 
Convocation.  He  appealed  to  the  Governor, 
who,  in  a  very  arbitrary  manner,  fined  the 
bishop  50£.,  and  each  of  his  two  vicars- 
general  20£.  They  refused  to  pay,  so  were 
imprisoned  29  June,  1722.  An  appeal  was 
made  to  the  king  in  Council,  and  their  release 
was  ordered,  which  came  about  21  August. 
The  fine  was  not  paid.  The  Privy  Council 
also  ordered  the  arrest  of  the  Governor  him- 
self for  his  illegal  conduct,  but  it  was  not 
carried  out.  (See  Keble's  'Life  of  Bishop 
Wilson,'  pp.  499-533,  and  'History  of  the 
Diocese  of  Sodor  and  Man,'  by  A.  W.  Moore, 
S.P.C.K.,  pp.  196-9.)  ERNEST  B.  SAVAGE. 

St.  Thomas,  Douglas. 

There  is  a  brief  reference  to  the  imprison- 
ment in  the  life  of  Wilson  in  the  'D.N.B.,' 
and  a  full  account  of  it  in  the  life  prefixed  to 
Wilson's  works  in  seven  volumes  in  the 
"  Library  of  Anglo-Catholic  Theology." 

J.  A.  J.  HOUSDEN. 

The  reference  is  undoubtedly  to  "good" 
Bishop  Wilson,  the  prototype  of  the  Bishop 


io<»  s.  ii.  DEC.  31, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


535 


in  Mr.  Hall  Caine's  popular  novel  'The 
Deemster.'  I  enclose  two  cuttings  from  a 
'*  Guide  to  the  Isle  of  Man  '  I  recently  wrote 
-for  Messrs.  Ward,  Lock  &  Co.'s  series,  which 
•will  probably  give  your  correspondent  suffi- 
•cient  information  for  his  purpose. 

HARRY  GOLDING. 

In  addition    to    the    facts  about    Bishop 
Thomas  Wilson  given  in  the  'D.X.B.,'  two 


a  Tyneside  school  reminds  me  that  in  the 
Xorfolk  villages,  where  the  h  is  often  wrongly 
used,  but  rarely  dropped,  the  girls  who  come 
home  after  long  service  in  London  are  some- 
times regarded  by  their  relations  as  authori- 
ties on  pronunciation.  The  result  is  lament- 
able when  the  peasant  family,  hearing  Kate 
tal|e  of  '"avin  a  'oliday,"  strive  to  correct 
their  own  speech,  just  as  a  family  in  La 
Beauce  may  try  to  obtain  a  proper  accent 


short  but  interesting  references  to  him  appear  ^eauce  may  try  to  obtain  a  . 
in  the 'Private  Journal  and  Literary  Remains  ^'om  Jeann,e,  who  is  a  bonne  in  the  Latin 
of  John  Byrom,  the  Poet,'  published  by  the  Quarfcer.  For  reasons  too  long  to  enter  upon 
<Chetham  Society.  Writing  to  his  wife  from  here^'  1™™Q*  iP^?£*tion  of  French  is 
<Gray^Inn  on  Thursday  night,  20  February,  |  probablymuch  better  than  Katesof  Enghsh. 

In  an  edition,  dated  1622,  of  a  translation 
of  Tacitus  by  Richard  Greenwey,  I  find  "  a 
husband,"  "  a  hainous,"  "  a  huge."  I  find  also 


1724,  Byrom  says  : — 

*'  I  saw  the  Bishop  of  Man  to-day ;  met  him  in 

le  street.     He  said ' 

Inn,  but  never  has 


the  street.     He  said  he  would  call  on  ine  at  Gray's 


perhaps  his  own  affairs  em- 
barrass him,  which  I  hear  are  likely  to  go  against, 
put  don't  mention  that  to  anybody." 

And  again,  under  date  27  May,  1735,  Byrom 
wrote  : — 


-  a  head "  in  the  fifth  edition  of  Sir  Henry 
Savile's  translation  of  Tacitus,  dated  1622. 
But  generally  he  seems  to  have  an  before  h. 
It  is  well  known  that  the  work  of  Sir  H. 


•I  met  the  Bishop  of  Man  to-day  in  a  coach ;  I  Savile  was  originally  published  in  the  reign 
\St^Re^Jidi?d£^^  iethS?nk    °f  Elizabeth.    From  the  dedication  it  seems 
'to  call  upon  him  to-day  at  Mr.  Patten's."  clear  tnat  Greenwey  s  book  must  also  have 

A    R    "FVwTpp-TT         ^rsfc  appeared  in  that  reign.     But  there  is  no 
iKhLL.       announcement  on  the  title-page  that  it  is  a 
orwarded  the  extracts  to  SIR  CHARLES  I  second  or  later  edition  ;  and  I  am  somewhat 

%-/xi,^iA>,    j.»j.rv.   jjj.   u.    J-VliMjC,*,   \jr.  &..   1VJL.,  and    tHG    .ttEV.    I    *  »         ' 

.  S.  WARD  are  also  thanked  for  replies.]  uj  LIGHTED  AT  THE  FOOT"  (10*  S.  ii.  347, 

LONDON  CEMETERIES  IN   1860  (10th  S    ii     412).— This  is  part  of  the  fifty-ninth  line  of 
169,   296,  393,   496).— I   thank   ME.  HOLDEN    Aytoun's  '  Firmilian,'  p.  4.          ALDENHAM. 
MACMICHAEL  for    referring  me  to  possible       D,vm  MoNT4GU  ERSKINE    SECOND  LOP D 
sources  of  information  concerning  the  «  East   EiiSSE  (10*  S     ii    406) -H    C  1? 
St°Pnn°Pv  »    T  h?7  m    ^^M  H£rSe  >Lane'    correct  in  stating  that  Lord  Erskine's 

ooks  ywhJh  T  ™ earchel  ^r-  Frer,es1  two  appeared  in  the 'Westminster  School  Register' 
r?ferencr therein  ^fT'tl^H  F\  *  "°  "solely  because  the  author  relied  on  the 
Mrs  Basil  HolmJ  <  Tht  T  2  ¥**$  'Dictionary.'"  The  school  admissions  from 
The  London  Burial- 1  1788  to  18(/6  have  unfortunately  been  lost,  so 
that  there  was  no  means  of  checking  the 

the  'D.N.B.'    Some  six 
Mr.  Holgate,  who  was  a 
authority  on  Winchester  names  and  an  old 
correspondent  of  'N.  &  Q.,'  wrote  to  me  con- 
cerning some  Westminster  names,  and,  with 
to  Lord  Erskine,  said,  "He  may  have 
been  also  at  Westminster,  but  he  was  cer- 


the 


u 
to    any  correspondent   who  would 

toW    H 
f      i      w  11 

«   H   y  f  ^t         1S  fthe 
n°fc  th^c?ineter 

T'  Pjfl* 


/>i  M    °£def  cl°,smg the  East  London  Cemetery    tainly  a  Commoner  at  Winchester  in  1787." 
<Mile  End   Old   Town    hamlet),   and  vaults  |  G.  F.  K.  B. 

under  Brunswick    Chapel    wholly, 

ISM.  ^For\n^  I  (If  S.  ii.  267, 330  414,  476,  512).- 

New  Town  Burial-ground  wholly,  see  ibid     ^formed  by  a  kind  correspondent  that  a  B 

31  January  1854  272  '    was  introduced  into  Parliament  at  the  latter 

'j.  HOLDEN  MAC-MICHAEL        e-   of£laSn  ses^i°l1  Tto  ma^e  bette5  pr°* 
„  I  vision  for  the  Custody  and  Preservation  of 

//  IN  COCKNEY,  USE  OR  OMISSION  (10th  S. 
ii.  307,  351,  390,  490).— R.  B-R'S  note  on  the 


Local   Records."     He 
enough   to  favour 


me 


has  also    been    good 
with  a  copy  of  the 


.,      '  '  '  /  — '  -•*  v^vv^     v^JL*        \JL\\j          WUX/bt&A^          V\S         JLVU  V  \J\AL          UUU          »»  A  V**         M»         s-'^'|/Jr  ^^        VI.AVJ 

pupil  teacher  who  introduced  A-dropping  into  I  BilJ,  which   was  ordered   to  be  printed  on 


536 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io««  s.  n.  DEC.  si,  190*. 


12  August.  It  can  be  obtained  from  Messrs. 
Eyre  &  Spottiswoode  for  1(7.,  so  it  will  be 
needless  for  me  to  take  up  the  space  of 
'  N.  &  Q.'  with  an  excerpt  of  its  contents. 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 
West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

EDMOND  HOYLE  (10th  S.  ii.  409).— Exhaustive 
inquiries  were  made  by  "Cavendish"  and 
by  ME.  JULIAN  MARSHALL,  but  they  both 
failed  to  discover  any  portrait  of  Hoyle  (see 
7th  S.  vii.  482).  {Since  then  I  have  examined 
a  large  number  of  catalogues  of  portraits 
without  any  result.  I  possess,  however,  a 
bronze  medalet,  rather  smaller  than  a  six- 
pence, bearing,  on  the  obverse,  a  bust  to  the 
left,  with  the  inscription  "  Edmund  Hoyle  "  ; 
on  the  reverse,  the  figure  4.  It  has  been 
pierced,  and  was  probably  intended  either 
tor  a  whist  marker  or  for  the  badge  of 
membership  of  a  whist  club.  The  bust  is 
very  clearly  cut,  and  the  features  are  of  a 
strongly  marked  classical  type.  The  medalet 
appears  to  be  of  eighteenth-century  work- 
manship, and  gives  me  the  impression  that 
it  represents  a  likeness,  not  a  fancy  head. 

F.  JESSEL. 

MANOR  COURT  or  EDWINSTOWE,  NOTTS 
(10th  S.  ii.  226, 353, 437).— Allow  me  to  supple- 
ment MR.  HONE'S  information  by  saying  that 
a  Calendar  of  Wills  proved  in  this  Court  was 
printed  in  the  Northern  Genealogist,  vol.  i. 
(1895)  pp.  20-24,  and  that  on  p.  221  of  the  same 
volume  it  is  stated  that  the  documents  are 
kept  at  Newark.  E.  A.  FRY. 

*  HARDYKNUTE  '  (10th  S.  ii.  425).  —  This 
"fragment,"  which  Kamsay  gives  more  or 
less  correctly,  was  printed  by  James  Watson 
Edinburgh,  in  1719,  five  years  or  so  before 
Eamsay's  'Ever  Green'  saw  light.  We, 
however,  have  a  second  part,  which  John 
Pinkerton  acknowledged  to  be  his  work 
This  was  written  in  1776,  although  no 
published  till  1781.  Pinkerton  was  abou 
eighteen  years  of  age  when  he  wrote  thi 
second  part  of  '  Hardyknute,'  and  was  for 
given  for  having  considered  the  first  part  a 
ancient.  The  study  of  ancient  Scottish  poetry 
and  riper  experience  led  him  to  say  he  hac 
no  doubt  the  poem  was  of  the  eighteen! 
century. 

With  respect  to  the  title-page  of  the  'Eve 
Green,'  "  wrote  by  the  Ingenious  before  1600, 
all  acquainted  with  the  '  Ever  Green '  and  it 
compiler's  work  are,  I  presume,  disposed  t 
view  the  title  more  as  an  innocent  literar 
"  dress  !;  than  anything  else.  In  the  prefac 
to  the  edition  of  1761,  now  before  me,  th 
reader  is  informed  that  he  will  find  "Satyre 


c. 
ears 


,  that  were  uppermost  twoor  three  hundred" 

irs  ago."  Two  hundred  years  previous  to  the- 
rst  edition  would  carry  one  back  to  1524, 
rhile  the  alternative  would  be  a  hundred, 
ears  previous  to  that  date.  If  we  take 
lamsay's  title  along  with  his  preface,  it 
night  be  fairly  said  that  he  was  modest  in 
ic  former.  But  the  'Ever  Green ' contains 
ne  or  more  of  Ramsay's  own  productions — 
uch  at  least  was  held  to  be  the  case  many 
ears  ago,  and  still  is  maintained  by  students 
f  Scottish  poetry. 

Lady  Wardlaw's  claim   to  the  authorship- 
f  'Hardyknute'  was  threshed  by  Percy  in 
is  'Keliques,'  as  appears  in  vol.  ii.  p.  265 
London,  1823).      Here,  among    other  argu- 
ments produced  by  the  doctor,  is  the  state- 
nent    of    William    Thomson,    the    Scottish 
musician  (who  published  the  '  Orpheus  Cale- 
"onius,'  1733),  that  he  "heard  fragments  of 
b  ('Hardyknute')  repeated  in  his  infancy,. 
>efore  Mrs.  Wardlaw's  copy  (?)  was  heard  of." 

am  not  aware  "  that  all  along  there  have 
>een  advocates  for  the  authorship  of  Sir  John 
Bruce  of  Kinross."  So  far  back  as  1719  there 
appeared  extracts  from  a  letter  of  the  last 
lamed,  from  which  I  venture  to  think  any 
reader  could  reasonably  conclude  that  Sir 
Tohri  was  not,  and  did  not  intend  it  to  be 
understood  he  was,  the  author.  Lord  Hailes 
n  1785  wrote  to  Pinkerton  that  the  latter 
was  mistaken  if  he  understood  Lord  Hailes 
:o  say  that  Sir  John  Bruce  was  the  author  of 

Hardyknute,'  and  added  that  "it  was  his 
sister-in-law,  Lady  Wardlaw,  who  is  said  to- 
be  the  author"  (Italics  are  mine.) 

With  regard  to  the  "  definite  conclusions  'r 
which  Mr.  Gosse  has  reached,  I  plead  igno- 
rance of  that  gentleman's  writing  on  the 
subject,  but  the  "conclusions"  quoted  do  not 
add  one  iota  to  what  is  already  known  by 
those  familiar  with  the  subject,  except  that 
he  calls  'Hardyknute'  "a  poetical  hoax." 
In  the  '  Ever  Green '  there  is  not  any  name 
attached  to  '  Hardyknute '  as  author,  which 
is  the  case  in  many  instances  through  the 
'  Ever  Green.' 

Addison,  who,  it  will  be  admitted,  was  a 
strict  moralist,  says  in  the  Spectator  of  Friday, 

21  November,  1712  :— 

"These  are  they  who  say  an  author  is  guilty  of  a- 
falsehood  when  he  talks  to  the  public  of  manu- 
scripts which  he  never  saw,  or  describes  scenes  of 
action  or  discourse  in  which  he  was  never  engaged. 
But  these  gentlemen  would  do  well  to  consider 
there  is  not  a  fable  or  parable  which  ever  was  made 
use  of  that  is  not  liable  to  this  exception,  since 
nothing,  according  to  this  notion,  can  be  related 
innocently  which  was  not  once  a  matter  of  fact." 

The  so-called  "poetical  hoax"  is  a  poem 
which  Sir  Walter  Scott  said  was  the  first  her 


10*  s.  ii.  DEC.  si,  1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


537 


'had  ever  learnt  by  heart,  and  he  believed  it 
would  be  the  last  he  should  forget.  Hardy- 
knute  and  the  Stewart  who  had  command 
of  a  portion  of  the  Scottish  army  at  the 
battle  of  Largs  are  supposed  by  some  students 
to  be  one  and  the  same  individual.  The 
castle  referred  to  in  the  second  stanza  is  by 
tradition,  if  not  in  other  ways,  said  to  be 
'Glengarnock,  about  two  miles  from  Kilbirnie, 
and  its  ruins  standing  on  a  ridge  overhanging 
the  river  Garnock,  accessible  on  one  side 
only,  show  that  it  must  have  been  a  place  of 
.great  strength.  'Hardyknute'  "revived" 
in  modern  days  the  battle  of  Largs. 

With  the  exception,  perhaps,  of  a  couple 
of  lines,  the  following  stanza,  referring  to 
the  slaughter  of  the  Danes,  is  exceedingly 
^beautiful  and  pathetic  : — 

On  Norway's  coast  the  widow'd  dame 
May  wash  the  rocks  with  tears — 

May  lang  look  o'er  the  shipless  seas 
Before  her  mate  appears. 

Cease,  Emma,  cease  to  hope  in  vain, 
Thy  lord  lies  in  the  clay : 

The  valiant  Scots  nae  reivers  thole 
To  carry  life  away. 

It  is  a  rather  strange  coincidence  that,  in 
connexion  with  the  first  four  lines,  Malcolm 
Laing,  in  his  'History  of  Scotland'  (vol.  ii. 
.p.  424,  London  ed.,  1800),  while  discussing 
the  authenticity  of  Ossian's  poems,  says  the 
apostrophe  to  the  Maid  of  Inistore,  "  Weep 
•on  thy  rock  of  roaring  winds,  O  Maid  of 
Inistore  ;  bend  thy  fair  head  over  the  waves  : 
the  is  fallen — Thy  youth  is  low,  pale  beneath 
the  sword  of  Cuchulin,"  is  borrowed  from 
4  Hardyknute.' 

The  barony  of  Glengarnock  extends  to 
about  1,400  acres,  and  originally  belonged  to 
a  family  named  Riddell.  The  second  son  of 
Sir  Edward  Conynham,  of  Kilmaurs,  married 
Jonet  Riddell  about  1292.  Thus  the  estate 
came  to  the  Cunninghams. 

ALFRED  CHAS.  JONAS. 

Thornton  Heath. 

GRIEVANCE  OFFICE  :  JOHN  LE  KEUX  (10th  S 
ii.  207,  374,  413).— I  was  in  the  Civil  Service 
from  1834  to  1888,  and  often  heard  of  the 
'Grievance  Office.  I  do  not  think  it  was  ever 
applied  to  any  particular  department,  but 
was  generally  used  when  the  officials  urged 
itheir  claims  for  increased  remuneration 
which  was  not  by  any  means  unfrequent, 
in  consequence  of  the  slowness  of  promotion 
before  the  compulsory  retirement  on  account 
of  age.  EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

"JES80"  (10th  S.  ii.  288).— I  think  that 
"  Jesso''  is  probably  the  name  of  the  pattern 
•of  the  vessels,  and  of  the  design  with  which 


:hey  are  decorated.  I  should  imagine  that 
one  or  both  of  these  may  aim  at  being 
Fapanese,  and  that  "  Jesso  "  is  reminiscent  of 
Yesso  or  Yezo.  ST.  SWITHIN. 


See  9th  S.  v.  88,  191. 


H.  J.  B. 


BARGA,  ITALY  (10th  S.  ii.  449).— Barga  is 
the  name  of  a  commune  in  Tuscany,  in  the 
province  of  Lucca,  and  consists  of  the  towns 
of  Barga,  Albiano,  Campo,  Castelvecchio, 
Loppia,  Somocologna,  and  Tiglio.  The  popu- 
lation, according  to  the  census  of  1862,  was 
7,215,  or  108'07  to  the  square  kilometer.  The 
principal  productions  are  cereals,  fruit,  and 
plants  adapted  for  weaving.  There  is  a  full 
description  of  Barga,  both  topographic  and 
historical,  in  Amati's  *  Dizionario  Corografico 
dell'  Italia,'  which  is  on  the  shelves  of  the 
Reading  Room  of  the  British  Museum 
(2060  d),  vol.  i.  613-14.  JOHN  HEBB. 

COCKADE  (10th  S.  ii.  407).— For  an  answer 
to  this  query,  or  any  other  possible  ques- 
tion which  can  arise  on  this  subject,  consult 
lifc  S.  x.,  xi. ;  2nd  S.  vii.,  viii.,  ix. ;  3rd  S.  vii. ; 
4th  S.  iv.,  vi. ;  8th  S.  xii. ;  9th  S.  iv. 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

There  is  a  valuable  article  on  cockades, 
which,  I  think,  has  not  been  noted,  in  the 
Genealogical  Magazine  for  May,  1899— April, 
1900,  pp.  59-63. 

J.   HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

JORDANGATE  (10th  S.  ii.  448).  —  Mr.  James 
Croston,  F.S.A.,  in  *  Local  Gleanings/  vol.  i. 
pp.  2-3,  describing  an  early  deed  relating 
to  Upton,  near  Prestbury,  co.  Chester, 
says  : — 

"The  first  witness  named  in  the  deed  is  Jordan 
de  Macclesfield,  bailiff,  of  Macclesfield.  At  the 
time  the  conveyance  was  executed  (1329)  Maccles- 
field, which  was  comprised  within  the  Earldom  of 
Chester,  was  an  enclosed  or  fortified  town,  and 
tradition  affirms  thatoneof  the  principal  approaches 
to  the  town,  the  Jordan  Gate— a  name  still  pre- 
served— received  its  designation  from  the  Jordan  de 
Macclesfield  named  above,  the  representative  of  a 
family  holding  lands  in  Hurdsfield  and  Shrigley, 
and  who  was  also  Lord  of  Stavely  or  (Stayley,  on 
the  northern  confines  of  the  county." 

A.  H.  ARKLE. 

ISABELLINE   AS   A   COLOUR    (10th    S.    i.    487  ; 

ii.  75,  253,  375,  477).— The  reply  at  the  last 
reference  is  more  confusing  than  ever.  The 
writer  says  he  "certainly  did  not  mean  to 
say  that  /  was  a  French  prefix,"  and  he  still 
talks  about  zehelah  and  zibellino  as  if  they 
had  something  to  do  with  the  matter,  when 
there  is  no  more  connexion  between  them 
and  ItdheUa  than  there  is  between  isochro- 
nous and  Socrates. 


538 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  DEC.  31,  im 


What  he  really  did  say  was  that  "/  in 
this  case  would  resemble  the  suffix  [meaning 
"prefix"]  by  which  scarpino  in  Italian  (buskin) 
becomes  escarpin  in  French."  And  again, 
"the  transformation  of  zibellino  into  isabel- 
line  seems  not  impossible."  That  is  to  say 
that  /  was  prefixed  in  French,  though  it  was 
not  a  French  prefix  ;  which  is  a  hard  saying, 
WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

Whatever  may  be  the  real  origin  of  the  1 
prefix  in  isabelline,  the  following  extract 
from  the  Evening  Standard  of  Wednesday, 
14  December,  p.  1,  col.  e,  shows  that  another 
textile  -  name  derived  from  zibellino  is  in 
vogue  at  the  present  day :  "  —  left  for 
their  honeymoon  tour,  the  going-away  gown 
being  of  white  zibaline  cloth."  H.  2. 

NORTHERN  AND  SOUTHERN  PRONUNCIATION 
(10th  S.  i.  508 ;  ii.  256,  317,  393).— YORKSHIRE- 
MAN  seems  to  assume  the  pronunciation  of 
his  county  must  be  the  true  standard  English, 
while  we  of  the  South  venture  to  hold  a 
different  opinion.  Perhaps  he  gives  himself 
away  when,  quoting  the  plain  words  of  PROF. 
SKEAT,  he  says,  "I  cannot  understand  such 
a  remark."  Surely  he  will  not  contend  that 
the  first  letter  of  the  alphabet  has  but 
one  sound— that  of  a  in  pay,  say,  &c.— in  even 
Yorkshire  !  When  he  says  that  ah  (i.e.,  a  in 
father)  "is  not  a  Northern  English  vowel- 
sound  :  it  is  much  too  Southern,  much  too 
continental,  much  too  foreign,"  pile  is  a  little 
amused.  The  eminent  authorities  referred 
to  by  PROF.  SKEAT  teach  us  that  the  English 
of  Alfred  is  that  on  which  correct  modern 
speech  is  based.  If  this  be  so,  it  is  un- 
necessary to  discuss  the  question  further. 
F.  T.  ELWORTHY. 

DOG-BITE  CURE  (10th  S.  ii.  428).— The  belief 
in  rue  as  both  anti-pestilential  and  antidotal 
for  poison,  especially  for  the  bite  of  a  mad 
dog,  probably  arose  from  the  ancients  be- 
lieving that  mithridate,  in  which  rue  has  a 
principal  share,  possessed  this  virtue.  Hence 
the  adage,  "Salvia  cum  ruta  faciunt  tibi 
pocula  tuta."  In  Salmon's  *  London  Dispen- 
satory,' 1676,  it  is  said  to  "expel  all  manner 
of  Poison,  helps  the  biting  of  mad  Dogs, 
stinging  of  Serpents,  and  Wounds  made  by 
other  venomous  Beasts"  (p.  97). 

"Made  into  tea,  it  is  drunk  with  advantage  to 
cure  hysterics.  Fits  in  infants  are  often  cured  by 

the  syrup Boerhaave  strongly  recommended  it 

as  a  cure  for  bad  eyes.  If  taken  as  tea  in  the  morn- 
ing, he  says,  and  the  vapour  of  it  be  received  by 
the  eyes,  the  vision  will  be  improved,  and  all  disease 
of  that  organ  removed.  And  the  author  of  this 
work  has  several  times,  with  himself  and  others, 
cured  the  most  violent  inflammation  of  the  eyes  by 
the  vapour  of  boiling  water  alone :  so  much  for  the 


probability  of  this  practise  with  rue,  as  reported  by 
the  great  Boerhaave!" — 'A  New  Herbal,'  by  Robert 
J.  Thornton,  M.D.,  1810,  pp.  434-5. 

Garlick 

"made  into  an  electuary  with  Honey  cuts  open' 

Obstructions,  and  resists  Poyson  :  it  kills  Worms^ 

and  helps  the  Biting  of  all  Venomous  Beasts,. 

inwardly  taken  and  outwardly  applied.'' — Salmon's 
'  London  Dispensatory,'  p.  1. 

'"An  infusion  of  an  ounce  of  bruised  garlic  in  a 
pound  of  milk  was  the  mode  in  which  Kosenstein 
exhibited  it  to  children  afflicted  with  worms."- 
Thornton's  '  Family  Herbal,'  1810,  p.  342. 

It  was  asserted  that  whoever  took  a  proper 
quantity  of  mithridate  in  the  morning  was 
insured  from  poison  during  the  whole  of  that 
day  (Galen,  *De  Antidot.'  lib.  i.).  See  further 
Dr.  Heberden's  'AvTi6fy/>iaKa,  1745,  quoted  in, 
Dr.  Paris's  *  Pharmacologia,'  1833,  p.  42. 

J.   HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

Touching  the  recipe  taken  out  of  Cathrop- 
Church,  Lincolnshire,  I  found  it  in  a  sketch- 
book, bearing  the  label  of  S.  W.  Fores,  in  the 
Cruikshank  Collection  at  South  Kensington 
(No.  10,084).  I  guessed  from  the  formal 
nudes  in  the  sketch-book  that  it  belonged  to 
Isaac  Cruikshank.  To  the  recipe  is  added 
this  P.S. :  4l  It  is  added  : — Many  years'  expe- 
rience has  proved  that  this  is  an  effective* 
cure."  W.  H.  CHESSON. 

BREAD  FOR  THE  LORD'S  DAY  (10th  S.  ii. 
209). — I  do  riot  know  the  book,  and  therefore 
I  hazard  a  guess  with  great  diffidence.  But 
it  is  possible  that  there  is  an  error  through 
some  misreading  of  an  abbreviated  refer- 
ence. The  book  "  against  Bread  "  may  have 
been  "against  Brere wood,"  who  was  a  con-- 
temporary writer  on  the  "Sabbath"  ques- 
tion. See'D.N.B.'  W.  C.  B. 

George  Abbott  was  the  son  of  Sir  Morris 
Abbott,  the  youngest  brother  of  the  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury.     He  was  born  in  1604^ 
and   elected  Probationer  Fellow  of  Merton^ 
ollege,    Oxford,    in    1624.     He    died    on 
:  February,    1648,    and  was  the   author  of 
he  following  works,  from  which  your  corre- 
spondent   may  obtain    the    information    he 
requires  :    *  The  Whole  Book  of  Job  Para- 
ohrased'    (London,   1640);     'Vindicise   Sab- 
thi '   (London,   1641) ;    *  Brief  Notes  upon 
the  Whole  Book  of  Psalms  '  (1651). 

EVERARD   HOME   COLEMAN. 
[The  '  D.N.B.'  says  the  writer  of  the  books  named 
was  not  the  son  of  Sir  Morris  Abbot.] 

WITHAM  (10th  S.  ii.  289,  333,  474).— Thanks 
to  the  kind  helpfulness  of  your  corre- 
spondents, it  is  now  clear  that  Wit-ham  as 
a  place-name  and  With-am  as  a  river-name 
are  differently  sounded,  and  are  therefore 
"ndependent  words. 


ii.  DEC.  si,  1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


539 


The  spelling  Witeham  (for  the  former)  in 
Domesday  Book  suffices.  The  medial  -e-,  as 
in  many  other  examples,  regularly  repre- 
sents an  A.-S.  -an,  so  that  wite  means  A.-S. 
witan,  gen.  of  wita,  a  "wit"  or  counsellor, 
also  used  as  a  proper  name  ;  whence  Witham 
means  "  Wita's  home,"  as  I  have  said  already. 
The  spelling  Witteham  merely  means  that 
the  i  is  short,  as  is  the  fact. 

The  welcome  note  on  guiih  in  Old  Welsh 
(ante,  p.  466)  shows  quite  clearly  that  (as  I 
expected)  it  has  nothing  whatever  to  do  with 
Witham.  It  was  meant  to  explain  the  name 
of  the  Isle  of  Wight,  which  it  entirely  fails 
to  do.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

With  reference  to  the  letter  of  MR.  J. 
COLES  concerning  Witham,  may  I  state  that 
in  my  younger  days,  being  a  great  walker 
(with  map  in  pocket),  I  asked  a  countryman 
if  I  was  on  the  right  road  for  Wrotham  ?  He 
failed  to  understand  me,  and  at  last  said, 
"Oh!  aye!  Rootam,  you  mane,  sir."  I 
thanked  him,  and  walked  on. 

EDWARD  P.  WOLFERSTAN. 

National  Liberal  Club. 

GOVERNOR  STEPHENSON  OF  BENGAL  (10th  S. 
ii.  348,  437,  492).  —  Some  time  during  the 
eighteenth  century  a  person  of  this  name,  a 
native  of  Keswick,  Cumberland,  went  to 
India,  and  after  a  successful  career  returned 
to  Keswick,  where  he  built  a  large  house, 
still  (I  think)  standing.  This  house  was 
always  known  as  "  Governor's  House."  Per- 
haps this  is  the  person  inquired  about. 

MISTLETOE. 

O'NEILL  SEAL  (10th  S.  ii.  287).— Your  cor- 
respondent may  possibly  find  a  clue  by  a 
reference  to  the  Kilkenny  Archceological 
Journal,  1858-9,  p.  38,  where,  according  to 
Dr.  Joyce's  '  History  of  Ireland,'  Owen  Koe 
O'Neill's  signet,  with  coat  of  arms,  is  figured. 

ALEX.  LEEPER. 

Trinity  College,  University  of  Melbourne. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &o. 
La  Bretagne.     Par  Gustave  Geoffrey.    (Hachette 

&  Cie.) 

Ix  the  latest  annual  Messrs.  Hachette  quit  the 
domain  of  Art  for  that  of  Nature.  In  place  of 
'L'Enfant'  and  other  subjects  of  recent  gift- 
books,  they  now  present  us  with  a  rhapsody 
concerning  Brittany,  written  by  a  son  of  the 
soil,  and  inspired  by  a  patriotic  appreciation  of 
its  beauties.  Superb  photographs,  attaining  the 
latest  degree  of  excellence  in  what  may  now  claim  to 
be  art,  illustrate  a  volume  of  singular  attractions, 
and  recall  to  the  traveller  spots  of  inexhaustible 
picturesqueness  and  interest.  To  the  journeying 


Englishman  Brittany  is  as  well  known  as  it  is  to- 
the  average  Frenchman,  and  there  are  few  of  us 
who  are  not  familiar  with  its  rugged  hills,  its  fertile 
valleys,  its  rock-bound  coasts,  its  archaeological 
and  architectural  remains.  Without  possessing  great 
ecclesiastical  monuments  such  as  grace  the  adjacent 
districts  of  Normandy  and  Anjou,  it  is  surprisingly 
rich  in  beautiful  churches,  ancient  chapels,  cal- 
varies, and  the  like.  In  no  other  part  of  France 
does  religion  seem  to  enter  so  closely  into  the  life 
of  the  people,  and  nowhere  else  is  there  the  same 
sense  of  dream  and  reverie.  For  the  lover  of  Celtic 
remains  its  menhirs  and  dolmens  are  of  unparalleled 
interest.  A  representation  of  the  superb  '  Menhirs 
du  Moulin'  at  Quiberon  constitutes  an  admirable 
frontispiece  to  the  volume.  To  the  English  traveller 
portions  of  Brittany  have  a  striking  resemblance  to 
England,  due  in  a  great  measure  to  the  hedgerows, 
which,  if  they  ever  existed  in  other  parts  of  France,, 
have  principally  disappeared.  Englishmen  ordi- 
narily enter  the  country  through  the  superb  portal 
of  St.  Malo,  with  its  quickly  receding  tide,  and 
their  first  excursion  is  likely  enough  to  be  up  the 
river  Ranee  from  Dinard  to  the  grey  walls  and 
towers  of  Dinan,  picturesque  still,  though,  as  in 
many  another  feudal  city,  the  moats  and  fosses 
have  been  filled  up  and  converted  into  boulevards. 
With  the  Frenchman,  and  notably  with  the  Parisian,, 
it  is  different.  He  reaches  Brittany  from  the  east 
by  Vitre,  upon  the  Vilaine— a  smiling  little  town, 
with  a  superb  chateau,  all  towers  and  pignons— on 
the  route  from  Paris  or  Le  Mans  to  Rennes. 
Thence  we  are  conducted  to  Northern  Brittany,, 
extending  to  St.  Malo  and  La  Manche.  It  is  im- 
possible to  follow  M.  Geoffrey  through  his  interest- 
ing volume,  most  of  which  leads  us  over  familiar 
ground.  His  book  is  written  with  much  discretion 
and  some  animation.  The  iniquities  of  the  Revo- 
lution in  places  such  as  Nantes  are  glided  over, 
and  the  book  seems  to  us  the  product  of  a 
confirmed  republican.  When  opportunities  for 
dealing  with  the  atrocities  of  Gilles  de  Rais,  one  of 
the  supposed  origins  of  Bluebeard,  are  afforded, 
they  are  all  but  neglected.  Reading  carefully 
the  volume,  and  comparing  its  statements  with 
our  own  recollections,  now  remote,  and  with  the 
descriptions  of  Jules  Janin,  now  almost  antiquated, 
we  feel  as  if  a  portion  of  the  charm  of  Brittany 
were  being  lost,  like  the  language.  A  propos  of 
that,  a  well-to-do  Breton  proprietor  near  Vannes 
told  us,  half  a  century  ago,  that  his  father  knew 
Breton  and  no  French,  that  he  himself  knew  French 
and  Breton,  and  that  his  son  knew  French  and  no 
Breton.  The  chief  charm  of  the  book  lies  in  the 
illustrations,  which  are  matchless.  Whether  we 
contemplate  long  stretches  of  sea  with  the  solitary 
and  almost  inaccessible  phare,  the  moorland  with 
its  druidical  monuments,  the  cathedrals,  chateaux, 
stretches  of  pastoral  scenery,  the  black  mountains, 
or  peasant  costume,  the  effect  is  equally  delightful. 
In  typographical  and  bibliographic  details  the  work 
is  no  less  attractive,  and  a  pleasanter  souvenir  and 
a  handsomer  present  is  not  to  be  hoped. 

The  Complete  Poetical   Work*  of  Shelley.    Edited, 

with    Textual    Notes,   by  Thomas    Hutchinson, 

M.A.     (Oxford,  Clarendon  Press.) 

IF  we  are  disposed  to  call  this  an  ideal  edition  of 

Shelley  it  is  because,  in  view  of  the  demand  upon 

shelf-room  involved   in   elaborate  editions  of    the 

poets,  we  are  disposed  to  favour  editions  in  one 

volume.    We  have  owned  from  its  first  appearance 


540 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  n.  DEC.  31, 


Mr.  Buxton  Forman's  library  edition,  and  are  com 
pelled  to  concede  that  it  is  in  its  line,  which  is  the 
best,  unsurpassable.  It  is,  however,  a  delight  to 
have  the  entire  poetry  of  Shelley  in  a  handsome, 
commodious  volume  of  over  one  thousand  pages, 
which  can  be  held  without  fatigue  in  the  hand, 
and  will  rest  comfortably  in  the  portmanteau  or 
•dressing-bag.  Type  arid  paper  are  excellent,  and 
the  volume,  externally  and  internally,  has  every- 
thing that  gladdens  the  soul  of  the  lover  of  beautiful 
books.  So  fine  is,  indeed,  the  paper  that  the  volume 
does  not  even  appear  thick.  Meanwhile,  in  other 
and,  as  some  will  hold,  more  important  respects 
it  is  no  less  commendable.  It  contains  every 
accessible  line  of  the  poet,  every  ascertained 
poem  or  fragment  of  verse  that  has  appeared  in 
print.  It  has  a  well-selected  type  that  will 
satisfy  and  not  weary  the  reader,  some  judicious 
textual  notes,  a  table  of  first  lines,  much  biblio- 
graphical information,  the  introductions  of  Mrs. 
Shelley,  and,  in  fact,  everything  that  the  student, 
or  even  the  enthusiast,  can  desire.  The  frontispiece 
reproduces  the  famous  portrait  of  Shelley  in  the 
Bodleian,  and  there  are  two  facsimiles,  both  of 
them  from  '  Prometheus  Unbound.'  Some  slight 
change  in  the  disposition  of  the  poems  has  been 
made,  but  nothing  at  which  the  reader  of  taste 
will  cavil.  '  Queen  Mab '  thus  heads  the  '  Juvenilia.' 
Mr.  Hutchinson's  preface  is  excellent.  For  the 
man  with  limited  space  for  books  the  edition  is,  as 
•we  started  by  saying,  ideal. 

.A  Genealogical  and  Heraldic  Dictionary  of  the 
Peerage,  Baronetage,  &c.,  for  1905.  By  Sir  Bernard 
Burke,  Ulster  King  of  Arms.  Edited  by  Ash- 
worth  P.  Burke.  (Harrison  &  Sons.) 
FOR  the  sixty-seventh  edition  of  *  Burke's  Peerage ' 
Mr.  Ashworth  P.  Burke  is  responsible,  as  he  has 
been  for  some  preceding  editions.  Under  his  care- 
ful and  erudite  supervision  the  work  maintains  its 
position  and  its  authority.  Both  of  these  are  sub- 
ject to  perpetual  assault  on  the  part  of  rivals,  but 
issue"  forth,  as  it  appears,  the  stronger  from  every 
conflict.  The  fact  remains  that  though  the  state- 
ments on  which  rests,  here  and  there,  a  descent  have 
enough  that  is  legendary  to  beget  in  some  quarters 
a  certain  amount  of  scepticism,  the  evidence  gener- 
ally is  unassailable,  and  the  work  wins  entire 
acceptance  from  those  best  qualified  to  speak. 
Like  its  predecessors,  Burke  for  1905  is  a  complete 
directory  to  every  living  person  holding  honours 
from  the  Crown.  To  the  latest  editor  it  is  due  that 
the  key  to  the  work — which  occupies  168  pages, 
and  comprises  an  immense  number  of  entries — 
furnishes  a  complete  guide  to  precedence.  A  study 
of  this  is  to  be  commended  to  those  of  our  readers 
who  have  attempted  nothing  of  the  kind.  They 
will  there  find  the  Duke  of  Norfolk  and  his  Duchess 
standing  in  numerical  order  1,000  and  1,001,  while 
Lord  Halsbury  is  994  and  his  Countess  6,211.  Lord 
Roberts  stands  in  order  5,212  and  Lady  Roberts 
6,212;  and  Sir  John  Fisher,  who  has  begun  his 
career  in  the  Admiralty,  is  23,105.  All  the  special 
features  of  the  best  of  existing  peerages  in  any 
country  are  preserved.  The  armorial  bearings 
remain  admirable  as  works  of  art,  and  are,  of 
course,  absolutely  authoritative.  How  closely  up 
to  date  is  the  volume  is  proved  by  the  inclusion 
of  the  three  new  bishops  nominated  on  the 
14th  inst.  It  is  interesting  to  find  that  the  year 
now  expiring  witnessed  the  creation  of  no  new 
peerage,  not  even  a  promotion  in  rank,  a  circum- 


stance without  a  precedent  in  any  corresponding 
period  for  over  a  quarter  of  a  century.  A  warm 
welcome  to  the  establishment  during  the  year  of 
the  Central  Chancery  of  the  Orders  of  Knighthood 
in  the  Lord  Chancellor's  department,  is  accorded 
by  the  author,  who  expresses  his  wonder  that  the 
creation  of  such  an  office  has  been  so  long  delayed. 
It  is  futile  in  the  case  of  those  interested  in  genea- 
logical pursuits  to  dwell  upon  the  value  of  a  work 
that  remains  unique  and  may  be  counted  as  an 
institution.  Three  generations  of  a  family  have 
contributed  to  its  establishment,  and  further  genera- 
tions of  heralds  and  genealogists  will  aid  to  keep  it 
on  the  same  level.  For  the  purposes  of  history  as 
for  those  of  social  life,  Burke  remains  indispensable. 


published  by  Mr.  Elliot  Stock  very  shortly.  The 
history  is  compiled  from  the  minute-books  of  the 
Society,  extending  from  1617  to  our  own  day,  and 
supplies  much  curious  and  hitherto  unpublished 
information  about  the  ancient  customs  and  rules  of 
the  Society.  A  description  is  also  given  of  the 
building  in  Blackfriars,  and  an  account  of  the  many 
artistic  objects  and  other  treasures  which  it  con- 
tains. It  will  be  fully  illustrated  by  black-and- 
white  sketches  from  the  pen  of  the  author. 


to 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 
put  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
heading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "Duplicate." 

VALTYN  ("  The  tree  of  knowledge  is  not  that  of 
life"). — Byron,  *  Manfred,'  Act  I.  sc.  i. 

H.  W.  UNDERDOWN  ("Bayswater  ").— The  deri- 
vation of  Bayswater  was  discussed  at  9th  S.  i.  13, 
55,  154,293;  ii.  18. 

F.  S.  S.  (Mass.,  U.S.).— You  should  apply  to  his 
publishers. 

CORRIGENDUM.— P.  52,  col.  2,  1.  8  from  foot,  for 
'  decerne  "  read  decernce. 

NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
,o  "  The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries'" — Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Pub- 
isher" — at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
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INDEX. 


TENTH   SERIES.— VOL.    II. 


fFor  classified  articles,  see  ANONYMOUS  WORKS,  BIBLIOGRAPHY,  BOOKS  RECENTLY  PUBLISHED,  EDITORIAL 
EPIGRAMS,  EPITAPHS,  FOLK-LORE,  HERALDRY,  OBITUARIES,  PROVERBS  AND  PHRASES,  QUOTATIONS 
SHAKESPEARIANA,  SONGS  AND  BALLADS,  and  TAVERN  SIGNS.] 


A,  its  pronunciation,  256,  317,  393 

A,  capital,  in  the  middle  of  a  phrase,  356 

A  (H.)  on  Thomas  Raynolds,  88 

A.  (S.  M.)  on  one-armed  crucifix,  295 

Abbot  (G.),  his  '  Book  against  Bread  for  the  Lord's 

Day,'  209,  538 

'Aberdeenshire  Epitaphs  and  Inscriptions,'  534 
Aberdeenshire  naturalist,  Mr.  Janes    or  Jeans,    54, 

155 
Ackerley  (F.  G.)  on  desecrated  fonts,  254 

Hermit's  crucifix,  228 

Nine  Maidens,  235 

Kobin  Hood's  Stride,  246 

Acqua  Tofana,  composition  of  the  poison,  269,  353 
Adams  (F.)  on  eel  folk-lore,  231 
Adams  (John)  on  genealogy,  63 
Addy  (S.  O.)  on  Ainsty,  97 

Buttery,  167 

High  Peak  words,  201,  282,  384 

Lousy-Low,  349 
.  Peak  and  Pike,  110 

Pliny:  flint  chippings  in  barrows,  188 

Tideswell  and  Tideslow,  36 

Wassail,  503 

Whitsunday,  218 

Adjectives  with  participial  endings,  172 
Admiral,  Athenian,  and  owl,  9 
Agime  Ziphres,  phrase  explained,  224 
Agnes  and  Anne,  temp.  Shakespeare,  389,  428,  473 
Agnostic  poets,  528 
Ailid  on  Disraeli  on  Gladstone,  110 
Ainsty  of  York,  its  meaning,  25,  97,  455,  516 
Airault  family,  68 
Alake,  derivation  of  the  word,  56 
Aldenham  (Lord)  on  "  I  lighted  at  the  foot,"  535 
Aldrich  (S.  J.)  on  balance  of  power,  94 

Bonnets  of  blue,  455 
Aldridge    (Ira),    his    acting    as   Titus    Andronicus, 

366 

Alexandra  (Queen),  her  surname,  529 
Alger  (J.  G.)  on  link  with  the  past,  407 
Algonquin  element  in  English,  422 
Alias  in  sixteenth  and  seventeenth  centuries,  13 
Allanbank  on  Lady  Hlizabeth  Germain,  238 
Allen  (F.  S.)  on  "Agime  ziphres,"  224 
Allen  (W.  G.)  on  Cromwell's  bed-linen,  268 
Alma  Mater  on  Mercury  in  Tom  Quad,  467 


Almanac  designers,  Oxford,  428,  512 

Alms  light  in  parish  church,  348 

Altham  (A.  S.)  on  English  graves  in  Italy,  307 

Amban,  Tibetan  title,  131 

American  military  Order  of  the  Dragon,  347,  412 

American  yarn,  source  wanted,  188,  251 

Among  others,  use  of  the  term,  56 

Amyot  (Jacques),  his  anonymity,  508 

Anahuac,  its  pronunciation,  196,  258,  317,  476 

Anderson  (P.  J.)  on  Thomas  Dutton,  47 

Janes  (Mr.),  of  Aberdeenshire,  155 
Andrews  (W.)on  Russian  Baltic  Fleet  blunder,  425- 

Ward  (Baron),  169 

Angles,  original  meaning  of  the  word,  407,  471 
Anglo-Norman  chronicle  by  William  Packington,  41 
'Anglo-Saxon  Chronicle,' Whitsunday  in,  166,  313 
Angus  (G.)  on  English  cardinals'  hats,  96 

Rules  of  Christian  life,  255 

Anne  and  Agnes  temp.  Shakespeare,  389,  428,  473 
Anne  (Queen),  book  on  her  last  years,  508 
Anonymous  Works  :— 

Children  of  the  Chapel,  33 

Cornish  Jury.     See  Hicks's  Great  Jury  Story. 

Die  and  be  Damned,  114 

Discourse  on  Emigration  of  British  Birds,   248, 
291 

Experiences  of  a  Gaol  Chaplain,  267,  330 

For  One  Night  Only,  188,  231 

Glen  Moubray,  227 

Goody  Two  Shoes,  167,  250 

Gospel  of  God's  Anointed,  8 

Hermit  in  London,  440 

Hicks's  Great  Jury  Story,  188,  231,  355 

Johannes  Britannicus  de  He  Metallica,  508 

Little  Pedlington,  320 

Most  Impudent  Man  Living,  7 

Oxford  Sausage,  227,  376 

Proces  des  Bourbons,  369 

Purple  Vetch,  148 

Restalrig  ;  or,  the  Forfeiture,  365 

St.  Johnstoun  ;  or,  John,  Earl  of  Gowrie,  365 

Sequel  to  Don  Juan,  55 

Steer  to  the  Nor'-Nor'-West,  427,  490 

Stray  Leaves  from  a  Freemason's  Note- Book,  S 30 
Anscombe  (A.)  on  "  Guith  "  in  old  Welsh,  466 
Anthem,  National,  and  Constantino  Palseologus,  4i> 
Antiquarian  v.  antiquary,  174,  237,  396,  474 


542 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  28,  1905. 


Antwerp  Cathedral,  tower  of,  57 
Apperson  (G.  L.)  on  "  Birds  of  a  feather,"  74 
Phoenicians  at  Falmouth,  469 
Woolmen  in  the  fifteenth  century,  514 
Apple  in  Baskish,  269 

Appleton  (H.)  on  "  Bearded  like  the  pard,"  166 
Arago  on  Sir  Isaac  Newton,  265 
Arbalest  or  cross-bow,  its  history,  443 
Arch,  Norman  largest,  289 
Ardagh   family   and   the    speakership    of    the    Irish 

House  of  Commons,  289 
Arden  as  a  feminine  name,  368 
Arkle  (A.  H.)  on  bumper,  28 

Coutts  (Messrs.),  their  removal,  293 
Hartley  (William),  152 
Hand,  348 
Jordangate,  537 
Arkwrieht  (Mrs.),  her  setting  of  'Pirate's  Farewell,' 

448,  492 

Armorial  bearings,  328 
Arms,  royal,  in  churches,  500 
Armstrong  gun,  its  inventor,  34 
Army,  child  commissions  in,  420 
Arnold  (Sir Edwin),  his  ashes  at  University  College,  286 
Arnott  (Rev.  Samuel),  his  death,  140 
Arthur  (Lieut.  William),   Port  Arthur  named  after, 

212,  251 

41  Artillarie,"  Roger  Ascham  on,  169 
Artillery  officers,  Royal,  528 
Ascham  (Roger)  on  " artillarie,"  169 
Ashburner  family,  of  Olney,  Bucks,  168,  519 
Asses  hypnotized,  Navarese  folk-lore,  506 
'Assisa  de  Tolloneis,'  its  date,  387,  451 
A— st  (Enar)  on  Court  dress,  107 
Astarte  on  "  I  lighted  at  the  foot,"  412 
Jacobite  verses,  288 
Witchcraft  bibliography,  323 
Astley  (J.)  on  paste,  72 

Poem  by  H.  F.  Lyte,  493 
Astronomer  :  Astronomess,  the  words,  424 
Astwick  :  Austwick,  its  pronunciation,  35 
Athenian  admiral  and  owl,  9 
Atkins  or  Adkins  (W.),  Fellow  of  Winchester  College, 

45,  116 

Atkinson  (S.  B.)  on  book  of  legal  precedents,  365 
Carter  (Mary),  409 
Phrases  and  reference,  297 
Ropemakers'  Alley,  Little  Moorfields,  426 
Attenborough  (J.  M.)  on  poem  by  Cowley,  506 
Auden  (G.  A.)  on  first-floor  refectories,  237 
Audience  Meadow,  Shropshire  field-name,  208,  467 
Audin  or  Audyn  family,  18 
Austin  (R.)  on  '  Tracts  for  the  Times,'  492 
Austwick  :  Astwick,  its  pronunciation,  35 
Avalon  in  Newfoundland,  place-name,  309,  411 
Averrhoes,  his  description  of  Venice,  130 
Awdry  (T.),  on  curious  Christian  names,  375 
"A  shoulder  of  mutton,"  &c.,  158 
Silver  bouquet-holder,  134 
Axon  (W.  E.  A.)  on  Cape  Dutch  language,  256 
Caxton  and  the  word  "  Richter,"  146 
Cobden  bibliography,  3,  62,  103,  142 
Dog  who  made  a  will,  501 
Emerson  and  Lowell :  inedited  verse,  423 
"  First  KittoO,"  296 
Woolmen  in  the  fifteenth  century,  514 


Axstede  ware,  early  manufacture,  149 

Aydye,  use  of  the  word,  368 

Ayeahr  on  Christmas  coincidences,  505 

4  Death  of  Nelson,'  405 

Greenwich  Fair,  227 

Mountain  high,  505 

"Hand,  "493 
B.  on  Bales,  353 
B.  (A.)  on  Jowett  and  Whewell,  353 

Old  Testament  Commentary,  188 
B.  (A.  C.)  on  Mercury  in  Tom  Quad,  532 
B.  (C.  W.)  on  Mercury  in  Tom  Quad,  531 
B.  (E.)  on  "  Convinced  against  her  will,"  426 
B.  (E.  G.)  on  Jacobin  soup,  146 

Moon  and  the  weather,  35 

Paste,  137 

Vaccination  and  inoculation,  27,  216 
B.  (E.  T.)  on  birth  at  sea  in  1805,  512 
B.  (E.  W.)  on  "  Humanum  est  errare,"  57,  351 
B.     (G.    F.    R.)    on    Edgar    (Alexander    and     R.), 
248 

Edmeston  (Andrew),  268 

Cameron  (Donald),  528 

Chaplin,  488 

Ealea,  228 

Edwards  (S.  B.),  309 

Erskine  (D.  M.),  second  Lord  Erskine,  535 

Mercury  in  Tom  Quad,  532 

Pitt  Club,  211 

Westminster  School  boarding-houses,  275 
B.  (H.  J.)  on  Disraeli  on  Gladstone,  110 

Mummies  for  colours,  229 

"  A  past,"  35 

B.  (H.  T.)  on  epitaph  on  Ann  Davics,  106 
B.  (H.  W.)  on  Swift's  gold  snuff-box,  249 
B.  (I.  B.)  on  ramie,  13 

Tideswell  and  Tideslow,  36 
B.  (J.  T.)  on  saucy  English  poet,  153 
B.  (R.  W.)  on  American  yarn,  188 

Carter  and  Fleetwood,  333 

Fleetwood  cabinet,  67 

Lobishome,  15 

Ravison  :  Scrivelloes,  452 

Ropemakers'  Alley  Chapel,  33 
B.  (S.)  on  Lady  Elizabeth  Germain,  156 
B.  (V.  O.)  on  "  Christianas  ad  leones,"  287 

White  Company  :  naker,  68 
B.  (W.  C.)  on  antiquary  v.  antiquarian,  396 

Bathing-machines,  131 

Bunney,  14 

Bread  for  the  Lord's  day,  538 

Christmas :    bibliography,  503  ;  customs,  games, 
&c.,  ib.',  under  Charles  I.,  505 

Closets  in  Edinburgh  buildings,  297 

"  Cuttwoorkes,"  197 

Duelling  in  England,  436 
".«?,"  final,  47 

Font  consecration,  336 

11  Fortune  favours  fools,"  365 

Gray's  '  Elegy'  in  Latin,  92 

H,  its  use  or  omission,  351 
»,    "Hanged,  drawn,  and  quartered,"  97 

Higgins  (Godfrey),  331 
Hill  (Rev.  William),  490 

Holborn,  392,  493 

Kerne  (J.),  Dean  of  Worcester,  389 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  28,  1905. 


INDEX. 


543 


B.  (W.  C.)  on  Markham's  Spelling- Book,  327 

Milner  (Dean),  317 

Northern  and  Southern  pronunciation,  317 

Northumberland  and  Durham  pedigrees,  351 

Oblivious,  518 

Parry  (Bishop  Henry),  425 

Ramie,  13 

Seventeenth-century  phrases,  533 

Sex  before  birth,  313 

Sexes,  their  disproportion,  209 

Theophany,  505 

Tideswell  and  Tideslow,  77 

Waits,  504 

Waterloo,  345 

Witham,  333 
Bacon  (Francis),  and  drama  of  his  age,  129,  195,  331  ; 

on  electric  telegraph,  234  ;  and  Ben  Jonson,  469 
Bacon  (Francis)   or  Usher,  "The  world's  a  bubble," 
•  407,  471 

Bacon -Phillips  (J.  P.)  on  Rectors  of  Crowhurst,  69 
Bailey-Kempling  (W.  )   on  De   Quincey  and   '  West- 
morland Gazette,'  101 

Bailiffs  also  clerics  in  thirteenth  century,  527 
Baily  (Johnson)  on  '  Topographia  Antique  Romae,'  226 
Baker  (Philip)  and  rectory  of  Winwick,  109,  177,  258 
Bale,  figure  on  Cathedral  at,  149 
Ball  (F.  Elrington)  on  Tituladoes,  16 

Tynte  book-plate,  19 

Bananas,  Canary  and  West  Indian,  409,  476 
Bankrupts  in  1708-9,  487 
Banks  and  his  horse  Morocco,  282 
Baptism,  salt  in,  55 
Barclay- A llardice  (R.)  on  Bideford  Freeman  Roll,  325 

Dago,  247 

Dog-names,  470 

"  Get  a  wiggle  on,"  28 

High  Peak  words,  386 

Newspaper,  first  ocean,  157 
Barga,  Italy,  its  history,  449,  537 
Barkham  (Dr.  John)  and  Gwillim's  '  Heraldry,'  416, 
.  495 

Barlow  (Beatrice),  m.  Sir  Antony  Rudd,  29 
Barometer  by  Marinone  &  Co.,  346 
Barrage,  introduction  of  the  word,  77 
Barton  (Elizabeth),  Holy  Maid  of  Kent,  268,  336 
Baskish,  "  apple  "  in,  269 
Baskology,  Charles  Godwyn  and,  487 
Bass  Rock  music,  74 

Basset  (Isabella),  1346,  her  parentage,  69 
Bathing-machines,  earliest,  67,  130,  230 
Battlefield  sayings,  275 
Bayley  (A.  R.)  on  authors  of  quotations,  295 

Book  of  legal  precedents,  437 

Carnation,  green,  in  Shakespeare's  day,  406 

De  Keleseye  or  Kelsey  family,  275 

Fonts,  desecrated,  170 

James  I.  of  Scotland,  his  daughters,  55 

Jowett  and  Whewell,  275 

Killed  by  a  look,  257 

Mercury  in  Tom  Quad,  532 

Moliere,  verse  translations  of,  516 

Shakespeare's  wife,  428 

White  Company:  naker,  132 

Woffington,  174 

Bayly  or  Baily  family,  of  Hall  Place  and  Bileford, 
108 


Bayne  (T.)  on  Cabyle,  65 

"Come  live  with  me,"  153 

Galapine,  531 

Goldsmith  and  a  Scottish  paraphraser,  166 

'  Bardyknute,'  425 

Hell,  Heaven,  and  Paradise  as  place-names,  354 

Jacobite  verses,  417 

'  Most  Impudent  Man  Living,'  7 

Ramsay  (Allan),  386 

Scotch  words  and  English  commentators,  75 

Scott  (Sir  Walter),  his  music  master,  45 

Sycamore :  sycomore,  465 

Watts  (Isaac)  and  Cowper,  323 

Wilson  (Prof.)  and  Burns,  306 

Withershins,  76 

Beach  (Thomas),  portrait  painter,  285,  332,  371,  408 
Beaconsfield.     See  Disraeli. 

Beale  (B.),  reputed  inventor  of  bathing-machines,  130 
Beards,  wonderful,  166,  275 
Beardshaw  (H.  J. )  on  Wol  verb  amp  ton  pulpit,  97 
Bears  and  boars  in  Britain,  248,  489 
Beating  the  bounds,  its  origin,  113 
Beauchamp  (E.)  on  "  Bonnets  of  blue,"  347 
Beaver  or  bever,  a  meal,  180 
Beckenham  Church,  desecrated  font  at,  171 
Becket  (Thomas  d,),  his  martyrdom,  30,  195,  432 
Becon  (Thomas),  rector  of  Buckland,  Herts,  227 
Bedr,  Mohammed's  first  battle,  409,  475 
Bee  superstitions,  26 

Beer,  sold  without  licence,  9,  71 ;  used  in  building,  455 
Bell  (Patrick),  Laird  of  Autermony,  487 
Bellewes  (G.  0.)  on  John  Laurence,  246 
Bell-ringing  on  13th  August,  1814,  369,  414,  531 
Belphete,  name  inquired  after,  308 
Benbow  (Admiral  John),  his  descendants,  29,  111 
Bennett  family,  of  Lincoln,  9,  98 
Bensly  (Prof.  E.)  on  "  Anglica  gens  est  optima  flens," 
405 

Authors  of  quotations  wanted,  477 

Burton's  '  Anatomy  of  Melancholy,'  124,  223,  442 

Carbery  (Countess  of),  496 

"  Disce  pati,"  412 

"  Humanum  est  errare,"  293 

King's  'Classical  and  Foreign  Quotations,'  281 

Latin  quotations,  110 

Owen  (J.)  and  Archbishop  Williams,  146 

Scaliger  (J.  C.),  his  books,  325 
Bernard  and  Rudkin  families,  421 
Bernau  (C.  A.)  on  Blackett  family,  9 
Berwick,  Steps  of  Grace  at,  426,  516 
Beveridge  (J.  R.)  on  Loutherbourgh,  389 
Bewley  (Sir  E.  T.)  on  Sir  Gilbert  Pickering,  421 
Bhatinda  on  silesias :  pocketings,  268 
Biaccianelli  (D.),  Italian  artist,  c.  1870,  468 
Bible :  '  Gospel  of  God's   Anointed,'   its   author,   8  ; 
•Id  pronounced  in  public  reading, 47;  "Let  the  dead 
bury  their  dead,"  77;  Breeches,  its  value,  87;  printed 
by   Christopher   Barker,    "1495,"   108,    151;  Old 
Testament   commentary,    188,    258  j   sycomore   or 
sycamore,  465 
Bibliography:— 

Billingsley  (Nicholas),  167 

Blacklock  (Thomas),  his  'Poems,'  228 

Boccaccio's  '  Decameron,'  328,  396 

Brewer   (Anthony),   his   'Lovesick    King,'   409, 
496 


544 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  28, 1905. 


Bibliography : — 

Brewer  (E.  Cobham),  '  Dictionary  of  Phrase  and 
Fable,'  362 

Burns  (K.),  his  'Tarn  o'  Shanter,'309 

Burton  (R.),  his  '  Anatomy  of  Melancholy,'  124, 
223,  442 

Catalogues  of  seventeenth-century  tracts,  388 

Christmas,  503 

Cobden  (Richard),  3,  62,  103,  142 

Cole  (Jacob),  289 

Coleridge  (S.   T.),    'Poems,'  1808-9,   81,    245; 
'  Lyrical  Ballads,'  1798,  228 

Cowley  (Abraham),  506 

Cowper   (W.),  letters,  1,  42,   82,  122,  162,  203, 
242  ;  best  biography,  149,  235 

Doyle  (Sir  A.  Con.in),  68 

Duelling,  435 

Epitaphs,  57,  194,  533 

Falconer  (Capt.),  his  'Voyages,'  185 

FitzGerald  (E.),  song  in  Tennyson's *  Memoir,'  285 

Fitzgerald  (E.  M.)f  141,  214 

Gaboriau,  58 

German- English  Dictionary,  9 

Goethe,  57 

Goldsmith's  'Present  State  of  Polite  Learning,' 
309 

Gray's  '  Elegy  '  in  Latin,  92,  175 

Greene  (Robert)  :  Martine  Mar-sixtus,  483 

Gwillim's  'Display  of  Heraldrie,'  328,  416,  495 

Halley  (Dr.  Edmond),  224 

Higgins  (Godfrey),  184,  276,  331 

Heuskarian  in  the  Biscayan  dialect,  264 

King's  '  Classical  and  Foreign  Quotations,'  281 

'Liber  Landavensis,'  149 

Longfellow  (H.  W.),  226 

'  Magazine  of  Art,'  145 

Manzoni's  '  Betrothed,'  238 

Moliere  in  verse,  448,  516 

Omar  Khayyam,  322,  398 

Philately,  38 

Publishers'  Catalogues,  50,  118,  357,  455,  518 

Publishing  and  bookselling,  11 

Rockall,  47 

Rossetti  (D.  G.),  464 

Runeberg,  9,  93 

Eutland  (John  or  Gaspar  ?)  '  Loci  Communes,'  189 

Scaliger  (J.  C.),  325 

Shakespeare,  poems  on,  18  ;  his  books,  464 

Shelley  (Percy  Bysshe),  268 

Southey's  'Omniana,'  1812,  305,  410,  530 

Stowe's  '  Survey,'  341 

Thomas  (Ralph),  his  '  Swimming,'  382 

'  Topographia  Antiquae  Romse,'  226 

'  Tracts  for  the  Times,'  347,  398,  452,  492 

Tregortha  (John),  393 

'  True  Perfection  of  Cuttwoorkes,'  149 

Valentine  (Roberto),  27 

Vossius  (Isaac),  361 

Webster  (J.)  and  Sir  P.  Sidney,  221,  261, 342,  381 

Witchcraft,  323 

Wotton  (Sir  Henry),  326,  371,  476 
Biddenden  maids,  story  of,  discredited,  15 
Bideford  Freeman  Roll,  its  discovery,  325 
Bigg  (John),  the  Dintow  hermit,  526 
Biggs  (H.  V.)  on  Biggs  or  Bygges  family,  346 
Biggs  or  Bygges  family,  Worcestershire,  346 


Bilford,  painter,  c.  1611,  508 

Billingsley  (N.)  and  '  History  of  St.  Athanasius,'  167 

Biron-Byron  controversy,  50 

Birth,  determination  of  sex  before,  235,  313 

Birth  at  sea  in  1805,  448,  512 

Birth-marks,  their  cause,  516 

Biset  (Margaret),  maid  of  Queen  Eleanor,  her  death,  69- 

Bishops,  Scandinavian,  67,  153 

Black  (W.  G.)  on  Antwerp  Cathedral,  57 
Barga,  Italy,  449 
English  cardinals'  hats,  28 
Richard  of  Scotland,  408 
"  Sal  et  saliva,"  55 

Black  Dog  Alley,  Westminster,  5,  118,  174 

Black  ram,  riding  the,  173 

Blackett  family,  9 

Blacklock  (Thomas),  his  '  Poems,'  228,  396 

Blagrave  (Joseph),  1689,  and  electric  telegraph,  13$ 

Blairs  College  portrait  of  Queen  of  Scots,  516 

Blake  (Benjamin),  his  biography,  447 

Bland  (Esdras),  rector  of  Buckland,  Herts,  227 

Blandford  (John,  Marquis  of),  his  death,  494 

Blin-Stoyle  (B.  W.)  on  Blysse  of  Daventry,  323 
Edmunds,  307 
Parish  documents,  476 

Blind  Freemason,  Francis  Linley,  269 

Blood  used  in  building,  389,  455 

Blysse  family,  of  Daventry,  Northants,  323 

Boarding-houses,  Westminster  School,  127,  275,  33? 

Boars  and  bears  in  Britain,  248,  489 

Boccaccio's  '  Decameron '  and  the  Roman  See,  328, 395 

Bohemian  villages,  86,  173 

Bolingbroke  and  Bishop  Warburton,  7 

Boiling,  definition  of  the  word,  506 

Bonaparte  (Napoleon)  on  England's  precedence,  226  ; 
his  horse  Marengo,  400 

Bonapartes,  their  genealogy,  525 

Bond  (F.  T.)  on  vaccination  and  inoculation,  456 

Bonneville-sur-Touques,  King  John  at,  134 

Bononcini  and  Handel,  epigram  on,  7 

Book  of  Common  Prayer  with  Shakespeare's   auto- 
graph, 248,  332 

Book-borrowing  :  "  Read  and  returned,"  348 

Book-plate,  Tynte,  19 

Book-plates,  foreign,  287 

Books  recently  published  :— 

Acts  of  the  Privy  Council,  1597-8,  199 
Alcuin,  his  Life  and  Work,  byC.  J.  B.Gaskoin,  240 
Alfred  (King),  Asser's  Life  of,  ed.  Stevenson,  278 
Amory's  (T.)  Life  and  Opinions  of  John  Buncle, 

Esquire,  438 

Anti- Jacobin,  Poems  from  the,  120 
Aucassin  and  Nicolete,  Englished  by  Lang,  420 
Bain's  (W.  F.)  The  Great  God's  Hair,  478 
Barbeau's  (A.)  Life  and  Letters  at  Bath,  458 
Barnstaple  Parish  Registers,  1538-1812,  258 
Bax's  (I.)  Cathedral  Church  of  St.  Asaph,  498 
Besant's  (Sir  W.)  London  in  Time  of  Tudors,  298 
Birmingham  Midland  Institute  and  Birmingham 

Archaeological  Society,  1903,  399 
Blake's     (W.)    Jerusalem,     ed.    Maclagan    and 

Russell,  278 

Book-Prices  Current,  359 
Britten's  (F.  J.)  Old  Clocks  and  Watches,  60 
Brooke's  (A.  St.  C.)  Slingsby  and  Slingsby  Castle, 
178 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  28,  1905. 


INDEX. 


545 


Books  recently  published : — 

Browne's  (Sir  T.)  Christian  Morals,  399 
Buckle's  (H.  T.)  History  of  Civilization,  319 
Burke's  (Sir  B.)  Peerage,  1905,  540 
Burlington  Magazine,  40,  139,  220,  320,  479 
Burney's  (F.)  Cecilia,  ed.  Ellis,  299 
Burns    (ft.),  Life,    by    T.    F.    Henderson,    20 ; 

Poetical  Works,  ed.  by  Robertson,  139 
Butler's  (S.)  Essays  on  Art,   Life,  and  Science, 

219 
Calendar  of  Inquisitions    post  Mortem :    Vol.  I. 

Henry  III.,  479 
Calverley's    (C.    S.)    Verses,    Translations,    and 

Fly-leaves,  38 

Cambridge  Modern  History,  Vol.  VII.,  77 
€haucer's    (G.)    Man    of    Law's    Tale:     Nun's 

Priest's  Tale,  39  ;  Squire's  Tale,  ib.  ;  Prioress's 

Tale  and  other  Tales,  519 
Clifton's(E.)  Nouveau  Dictionnaire,  ed.  McLaugh- 

lin,  259 

Constable  (John),  by  A.  B.  Chamberlain,  139 
•Copinger  (W.  A.)  Suffolk  as  disclosed  by  Existing 

Records,  Vol.  I.,  218 
Corbett's  (J.  S.)  England  in  the  Mediterranean, 

119 
Cowley's   (A.)    Several    Discourses    by   Way   of 

Essays,  ed.  Minchin,  239 
Crashaw's  (R)  Poems,  120 
Cresswell's  (B.  F.)  Quantock  Hills,  60 
Cunnington's  (S.)  Story  of  Arithmetic,  320 
Cupid  and  Psyche,  ed.  Rouse,  259 
Dante,    Studies   in,  by  E.    Moore,   198 ;    Early 

Lives  of,  trans,  by  P.  H.  Wicksteed,  519 
Dickens's  (C.)  Cricket  on  the  Hearth,  299 
Dictionary  of  National  Biography  Errata,  358 
Dinneen's  (Rev.  S.)  Irish-English  Dictionary,  439 
Dodgson's    (E.    S.)    Synopsis    of    the    Verb   in 

Baskish  New  Testament,  520 
Dorman's  (M.  P.)  British  Empire  in  Nineteenth 

Century,  238 
Dunstable,    its   History   and   Surroundings,    by 

W.  G.  Smith,  478 
Edinburgh  Review,  199,  459 
Elizabeth   (Queen),  Amy  Robsart,  and   Earl  of 

Leicester,  99 
Elizabethan  Manuscript,  Facsimile  of,    ed.  Bur- 

goyne,  158 

Emerson's  Works,  299 
English  Historical  Review,  200 
English  Miracle  Plays,  ed.  Pollard,  278 
Englishwoman's  Year- Book,  1905,  520 
Erasmus,  Epistles  of,  trans.  Nichols,  398 
Farmar's  (A.)  Place-name   Synonyms  Classified, 

479 
Farmer  and  Henley's  Slang  and  its   Analogues, 

completion,  59 

Fight  at  Donibristle,  1316,  ed.  J.  Smith,  420 
Fitz-Warine  (Fulk),    History   of,    Englished   by 

A.  Kemp- Welch,  78 
Folk-lore,  160,  379 
Fothergill's  (G.)  List  of  Emigrant  Ministers  to 

America,  420 

Geoffroy's  (G.)  La  Bretagne,  689 
Gillen's    (F.    J.)    Northern    Tribes    of    Central 

Australia,  177 
-Godolphin  (Margaret),  Life  of,  by  Evelyn,  439 


Books  recently  published : — 

Gray's  (T.)  Letters,  ed.  Tovey,  379 

Great  Masters:    Parts  XVII.-XXIL,  39,    78, 

138,  178,  219,  259,  338 
Hakluyt's  (R.)  Principal  Navigations,  Vols.  VII. 

and  VIII.,  138 

Hamilton's  (E.)  Ancestry  and  Pedigree  Chart,  139 
Heine  :  Book  of  Songs,  trans.  Brooksbank — New 

Poems,  trans.  Armour,  379 
Henslowe's  Diary,  ed.  Greg,  Part  I.,  378 
Holidays  in  Eastern  Counties,  by  P.  Lindley,  240 
Holidays  on  the  South  Coast,  240 
Hudson's    (R.)   Memorials   of    a    Warwickshire 

Parish,  497 
Hughes's    (T.)    Tom    Brown's    Schooldays,  ed. 

Rendall,  240 
Intermediate,  160,  379 

Jacobite  Peerage,  Baronetage,  Knightage,  159 
James  II.  of  England,  Adventures  of,  419 
Johnston's  (J.  B.)  Place-names  of  Stirlingshire. 

479 
Johnston's  (S.  H.)  Scottish  Heraldry  made  Easy, 

239 

Keats's  (J.)  Poems,  199 
Kenny's  (C.  S.)  Selection  of  Cases  illustrative  of 

English  Law  of  Tort,  299 
King  (Clarence),  Memoirs,  259 
King's  (W.  F.H.)   Classical  and  Foreign  Quota- 
tions, 218 
Kings'  Letters  from  the  Early  Tudors,  ed.  Steele, 

319 
Kruger's  (Dr.  G.)  Schwierigkeiten  des  Englischen, 

Part  III.,  358 
Lean's  Collectanea,  119 

Leycester's  Commonwealth,  ed.  Burgoyne,  99 
Lindley's  (P.)  Tourist-Guide  to  the  Continent,  60 
Magrath's  (J.  R.)  Flemings  in  Oxford,  478,  526 
Marlowe  (Christopher)    and   his  Associates,    by 

J.  H.  Ingram,  198 
Marten's  (B.)  After  Work,  357 
Marvell's  (A.)  Poems,  ed.  Wright,  239 
Milton's  Poetical  Works,  ed.  Beeching,  360 
Moliere:  Scenes  from  '  Les  F^cheux,'  139 
Moore's  (E.)  Studies  in  Dante,  198 
Mother  Goose's  Melody,  ed.  Prideaux,  320 
Morris's  (W.)  Defence  of  Guenevere,  60 
Mylne's  (Rev.  R.  S.)  Cathedral  Church  of  Bayeux, 

239 
Nashe  (T.),   Works,   ed.   by  R.  B.  McKerrow, 

Vol.  II.,  319 

New  English  Dictionary,  98,  337 
New  Shakespeariana,  400 
Owen's  (H.)  Gerald  the  Welshman,  320 
Palmer's  (A.  Smythe)  The  Folk  and  their  Word- 
Lore,  260 

Payne's  (J.  F.)  Fitz-Patrick  Lectures,  1903,  259 
Pepys's  Diary,  ed.  Wheatley,  399 
Pepys,  A  Later :  Correspondence  of  Sir  W.  W. 

Pepys,  ed.  Gaussen,  59 
Powell's  (G.  H.)  Duelling  Stories,  458 
Printers'  Pie,  1904,  20 

Reich's  (E.)  Foundations  of  Modern  Europe,  318 
Reliquary  and  Illustrated  Archaeologist,  100 
Russell's  (Lady)  Three  Generations  of  Fascinating 

Women,  437 
Scottish  Historical  Review,  99,  459 


546 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  28, 1905, 


Books  Recently  Published : — 

Shakespeare  :  Favourite  Classics,  139,  299,  337, 
458,498  ;  Hamlet  in  the  Pocket- Book  01  assies, 
240  ;  Titus  Andronicus,  ed.  Baildon,  299 

Shelley's  (P.  B.)  Complete  Poetical  Works,  ed. 
Hutchinson,  539 

Sidney's  (Sir  P.)  Defence  of  Poesie,  98 

Smith  Family,  by  Compton  Reade,  519 

Spencer's  (B.)*  Northern  Tribes  of  Central 
Australia,  177 

Suffolk,  its  History  as  disclosed  by  Existing 
Eecords,  by  Copinger,  Vol.  I.,  218 

Swinburne's  (A.  C.)  Poems,  240 

Tennyson's  Poems,  Oxford  Edition,  520 

Thomas's  (R.)  Swimming,  19,  263 

Treherne's  (G.  G.  T.)  Eglwys  Cymmin  Papers,  79 

Vagabond  Songs  and  Ballads  of  Scotland,  ed. 
Ford,  419 

Vaughan's(A.  0.)  Old  Hendrik's  Sales,  260 

Verney  Family,  Memoirs,  compiled  by  F.  P. 
and  M.  M.  Verney,  378 

Wandesforde  of  Kirklington  and  Castlecomer, 
ed.  McCall,  318 

Whitaker's  Almanack,  1905— Whitaker's  Peerage, 
1905,  520 

"White's  (R.)  Dukery  Records,  238 

Who's  Who,  1905— Who's  Who  Year-Book,  1905, 
520 

Wieland's  (C.  M.)  Adventures  of  Don  Sylvio 
de  Rosalva,  438 

Wight,  Isle  of,  "Little  Guides"  series,  240 

Wonderland,  240 

Wordsworth's  (W.)  Poetical  Works,  ed.  Hutchin- 
son, 139 

Worke  for  Cvtlers,  ed.  Sieveking,  378 

York  Library,  120 

Yoikshire  Notes  and  Queries,  100,  219 
Booksellers'  Catalogues,  79,  179,  279,  338,  439,  498 
Bookselling  and  publishing,  bibliography  of,  11 
Boomplatz,  regiments  engaged  at,  148,  251,  292 
Booths  or  vaccaries,  derivation  of  the  words,  167 
Boswell-Stone  (W.  G.),  his  death,  480 
Boteler  (William,  Lord),  of  Wem,  69 
Eothwell  (Lord),  laying  out  Lincoln's  Tnn  Fields,  27 
Bottesford  or  Botesford,  in  Leicestershire,  349,  416 
Bouquet-holder,  pilver,  probable  date,  50,  134 
Bourne  (B.)  on  Genevieve  Collection,  369 
Boyne,  William  Ill.'s  charger  at,  321,  370,  415,  453 
E— r  (B.)  on  epitapbiana,  323 

Fonts  desecrated,  253 

-27,  use  or  omission,  491 

Northburgh  family,  377 

Stob,  495 

Bradbrook  (W.)  on  Upton  Snodsbury  discoveries,  312 
Bradford  (J.  G.)  on  Samuel  Bradford  Edwards,  377 
Bradford- on- A  von,  Steward  monument  at,  444 
Bradlaugh  medal,  348 
Bradley  (H.)  on  final  -ed  in  public  reading,  47 

Marquois  scales,  187 

Bragadino  (Marcantonio),  flayed  alive  by  Turks,  14 
Brampton,  near  Carlisle,  Capon  Tree  at,  285 
Bread  for  the  Lord's  Day,  209,  538 
Breslar  (M.  L.  R.)  on  "  Come,  live  with  me,"  89,  434 

Intellectual  harvest,  late,  54 

Kaboose,  106 
Brewer  (Anthony),  his  '  Lovesick  King,'  409,  468,  496 


Brewer  (E.  Cobham),  errors  in  *  Dictionary  of  Phrase 

and  Fable,'  362 

Bridle,  a  Pelbam,  the  name,  267 
Bridlington,  pronunciation  of  the  name,  36,  77 
Brie  (F.  W.  D.)  on  an  Anglo-Norman  chronicle,  41 
Brigstocke  (G.  R.)  on  Owen  Brigstocke,  237 
Byrt  of  Shropboupe,  449 
Barlsey  Castle,  co.  York,  89 
Willock  of  Bordley,  276 

Brigstocke  (Owen),  d.  1746,  his  biography,  86,  237 
Bristol  slave  ships,  108,  193,  257 
Britain,  boars  and  bears  in,  248,  489  ;  as    "  Queen  of 

Isles,"  365 

British  mezzotinters,  481,  521 
Broker  :  "honest  broker,"  369 
Bromley  borough  coat  of  arms,  366 
Broom-squire,  origin  of  the  tfrm,  145,  198,  252 
Browne    (W.),   of    Tavistock,    his    "Inner    Temple 

Masque,"  366 
Browning  (R.),    "Thunder  free;'  in   ' Pippa  Passes/ 

73,  193 
Browning  (W.  F.)  on  false  quantities  in  Parliament* 

418 

'Titus  Andronicus'  on  the  stage,  366 
Browning  societies,  67 

Bruce  (Michael)  and  couplet,  "  In  every  pang,"  166 
Buchanan  (Capt.  John),  his  widow  married  to  Warren 

Hastings,  10 

Buckingham  (Duke  of),  ode  on  Purcell's  death,  261 
Buck! and,  Herts,  rectors  of,  227 
Buda-Pest,  flying  bridge  at  in  1702,  406,  491 
Bugman,  Abbe"  GrSgoire's  error,  246 
Building,  blood  used  in,  389,  455 
Bulloch  (J.  M.)  on  Thomas  Blacklock,  396 
Gordon  (Duchess),  427 
Gordon  (E.),  Sergeant-at-Arms,  347 
Gordon  (Mrs.),  tall  Essex  woman,  128 
Gordon  epitaph,  50 
Bumper,  derivation  of  the  word,  28 
Bumping  or  beating  the  bounds,  its  origin,  113 
Bunney,  UPC  of  the  word,  13,  115 
Burchell  (Dr.  W.  J.),  his  diary  and  collections,  486" 
Burial-ground,  English,  at  Lisbon,  448 
Burials,  intra-mural,  their  cessation,  394 
Burlington,  pronunciation  of  the  name,  36,  77 
Burneis,  meaning  of  the  word,  368 
Burns    (Robert)    and    Prof.    Wilson,     306  ;     Cruik~ 

shank's   designs   for   '  Tarn   o'  Sbanter,'   309 ;   his 

'  Twa    Dogs '    and    Cervantes,    465  ;    parody   on 

"  Scots  whahae,"  488 
Burris,  meaning  of  the  word,  368 
Burton  (R.)  on  Josephus  Struthius,  108,   151 ;  errors 

in  Sbilleto's  edition  of  'Anatomy  of  Melancholy,. 

124,  223,  442 

Bussemaker  (Prof),  of  Groningen,  his  writings,  527 
Butcher  Hall  Street,  derivation  of  the  name,  28,  117 
Butler  (Gabriel),  of  Farewell,  co.  Southampton,  527 
Butler  (Geoffrey)  on  Gabriel  Butler,  527 
Butler  (John),  M.P.  for  Sussex,  date  of  birth,  129 
Buttery,  derivation  of  the  word,  167 
Buzzing,  explanation  of,  167 
Bygges  or  Biggs  family,  Worcestershire,  346 
Byrom  (J.),  epigram  on  Handel  and  Bononcini,  7 
Byron-Biron  controversy,  50 
Byroniana,  'Sequel  to  Don  Juan,'  55 
Byrt  (James),  of  Shrophouse,  449 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  28, 1905. 


INDEX. 


547 


<C.  on  A,  its  use  or  omission,  391 

C.  (A.  R.)  on  municipal  etiquette,  408 

C.  (G.)  on  Angles  :  England,  407 

English,  its  meaning,  327 

Peannain  :  pearweeds,  327 
€.  (G.  E.)  on  Duchess  Sarah,  413 
€.  (H.)  on  John  Butler,  M.P.  for  Sussex,  129 

Cawood  family,  515 

Erskine  (David  Montagu),  406 

"Fortune  favours  fools,"  491 

Owillim's  '  Display  of  Heraldrie,'  495 
,       King's  '  Classical  and  Foreign  Quotations,'  351 

Martyrdom  of  St.  Thomas,  432 

Neale  (T.),  "  Herberley,"  58 

4 Oxford  Sausage,'  376 

Price  (Richard),  M.P.,  168 

Shelley  family,  155,  519 

Winchester  College  Visitation,  115 
C.  ( £[.  W.)  on  cataloguing  seventeenth-century  tracts, 

453 

€.  (/.)  on  Anna  Catherina  Lane,  269 
C.  (J.  C.)  on  French  burdens  to  English  songs,  267 

Quotation  in  Ruskin,  8 
C.  (J.  G.)  on  Bristol  slave  ships,  108 
C.  (M.)  on  "  Mr.  Pilblister  and  Betsy  his  sister,"  408 
C.  (R.  H.)  on  ploughing,  345 
C.  &  T.  on  silver  bouquet-holder,  50 
€—s  (H.)  on  Belphete,  308 
•Caboose,  nautical  term,  214 
Cabyle,  a,  Carlyle  confused  with,  65 
Cag-mag,  derivation  of  the  word,  388 
Calvert  (Sir  William),  Lord  Mayor  of  London,  528 
Calves,  twin,  a  sign  of  ill-luck,  406 
Calvin  on  reclaiming  heretics,  285 
Cambridge,    "May   Lady"   custom   in,    75;    British 

Association  and  Godfrey  Higgins,  184 
Cambridge  or  Cauntebrigg  family,  144 
Camden  Town,  demolition  of  Brown's  Dairy,  125 
Cameron  (Donald),  Westminster  scholar,  1783,  528 
Oameron  (Jenny),  of  Lochiel,  supposed  portrait,  447 
'Camoens,  'Lusiad'  in  English,  160 
Campbell  (Alexander),  Scott's  music  master,  46 
Campbell  (G.  W.)  on  martyrdom  of  St.  Thomas,  31 
"Candida  Casa,"  St.  Niuian's  Church,  68,  117,  137 
Caadover  (P.)  on  Cisiojanus,  333 
Cantelupe  (Thomas  de),  Bp.  of  Hereford,  273,  352,  432 
€ape  Bar  men,  the  term,  346,  397,  516 
•Cape  Dutch  language,  126,  256 
Carbery  (Countess  of),  allusion  to,  248,  496 
Carcanet,  used  by  Shakespeare,  135 
Carcansonis  :  Carcransoun,  their  meaning,  368 
•Cardinals,  English,  destiny  of  their  hats,  28,  96 
•Carey  (C.  McL.)  on  holus-bolus,  188 

Owl  and  Athenian  admiral,  9 
•Carey  (Mrs.)  and  the  Duke  of  York,  449 
Carini,  his  book  on  theatre-building,  328,  432 
Carlisle,  its  pronunciation,  36,  95,  152 
Carlyle  (T.),  confused  with  a  Cabyle,  65 
Carnation,  green,  in  Shakespeare's  time,  406 
•Caroline  (Queen),  her  trial,  16 
Carols,  Christmas,  504 

Carter   ( Nathaniel)  =  Mary    Fleetwood,  their  descen- 
dants, 34,  268,  i)33  ;  place  of  her  death,  409,  513 
•Carver,  a  royal,  27,  134 

CCasement  (Roger)  and  letter  from  Kossuth,  309,  332 
Castle  Ring,  British  port  near  Stanton  in  the  Peak,  246 


Cat  in  the  wheel,  variant  of  Catherine  wheel,  508 

Catalog,  the  spelling,  508 

Catalogues,  publishers'  earliest,  50,  118,  357,455,  518 

Cataloguing  seventeenth-century  tracts,  388,  453 

Cauntebrigg  or  Cambridge  family,  144 

Cave  (G.  C.)  on  Gladwin  family,  207 

Cavendish  (Henry),  commemorative  tablet,  425 

Cawood  family,  205,  515 

Caxton  and  the  word  "Richter,"  146 

Cecil  MSS,  proverbs  in,  22 

Celt  on  Felix  Bryan  Macdonough,  527 

Cemeteries,  London,  in  1860,  169,  296,  393,  496,  535 

Cervantes  and  Burns's  '  Twa  Dogs',  465 

Chafy  (W.  K.  W.)  on  German  Volkslied,  327 

Channel,  English  :  La  Manche=the  sleeve,  34,  134 

Channel  Islands,  Coutances,  and  Winchester,  68,  154 

231 

'  Chanson  de  Roland,'  its  authorship,  146 
Chaplin  (Edward,  Francis,  and  Robert),  Westminster 

scholars,  488 

Charing  Cross,  statue  discovered  at,  in  1729,  448,  518 
Cheese  used  in  building,  455 
Chego,  new  monkey  at  the  Zoo,4  46 
Chesson  (W.  H.)  on  Cruikshank's  designs  for  'Tarn  o' 

Shanter,'  309 
Dog-bite  cure,  538 
Chester,  early  drama  in,  29 
Cheyne  (R.)  on  Cape  Bar  men,  397 
Chigunnji,  name  for  gipsies,  105,  158,  230 
Children  at  executions,  346,  454,  516 
Chiltern  Hundreds,  their  history,  441 
Chimney-back,  cast-iron,  189,  296 
China,  seventeenth-century  English  travellers  in,  408 
Chinese,  their  high  civilization,  197 
Chinese  nominy,  507 
Chinese  story,  old,  505 
Chirk  Castle  gates,  269,  357 
Christ,  date  of  birth,  300 
Christian  life,  rules  of,  129,  255,  335 
Christian  names  :  Evelyn,  156  ;  Arden,  Jocosa,  368  ; 

curious,    375 ;  Agnes    and    Anne,    temp.    Shake- 
speare, 389,  428,  473  ;  female,  414 
"  Christianas  ad  leones,"  correct  form,  287 
Christie  (J.)  on  birth  at  sea  in  1805,  448 
Christie,  Manson  &  Woods  on  Thackeray's  pictures, 

192 

Christmas  bibliography,  503 
Christmas  carols,  waits,  and  guisers,  504 
Christmas  coincidences,  505 
Christmas  customs,  games,  &c.,  503 
Christmas,  Puritans  on,  505  ;  Yule  "  clog,"  507 
Christ-tide,  the  word  in  1629,  504 
Chronology,  Old  and  New  Style  :   "  Our  eleven  days," 

128,  177  ;  New  Style,  1582,  266 
Chunnerin',  dialect  word,  26 
Churches,  unrestored,  487;  royal  arms  in,  500 
Cinderella's  slipper,  320 
Cipher  by  the  Duke  of  Monmouth,  347,  411 
Cisiojanus  in  chronology,  333 
Civilization  in  France,  13,  197 
Clairmont  (Jane),  her  grave,  284 
Clarendon  Press  '  Rules  for  Compositors  and  Readers,' 

306,  450 

Clark  (Alderman  Richard),  his  library,  35 
Clarke  (C.)  on  Coliseums  old  and  new,  485 
English  graves  in  Italy,  352 


548 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  28,  1905. 


Clarke  (C.)  on  irresponsible  scribblers,  277 

Memorial  tablets  on  houses,  369 

Vanishing  London,  125 
Classic  and  translator,  71 
Classics  quoted  in  Parliament,  326,  418 
Clajton  (H.  B.)  on  chunnerin',  26 

Dolly  Varden  up  to  date,  185 
Clements  (H.  J.  B.)  on  heraldry,  490 
Clergy,  sporting,  before  the  Reformation,  89,  293 
Clerks,  Parish,  stories  of,  128,  215,  373 
Clock  made  by  W.  Franklin,  448,  513 
Close's  poetical  works,  232 

Closets  in  Edinburgh  buildings,  89,  154,  234,  297 
"  Closure-by-compartment,"  the  phrase,  106 
Club,  University  women's,  name  for,  33 
Cluni  on  women  voters,  494 
Coachman's  epitaph  at  Edinburgh,  96 
Cobden  (Richard),   bibliography,    3,    62,    103,    142 ; 

commemorative  tablet,  425 
Cobham  (C.)  on  desecrated  fonts,  170 
Cockade,  its  history,  407,  537 
Cockburn  (H.  A.)  on  Thomas  Gladstone,  388 
Cockle  (M.  J.  D.)  on  storming  of  Fort  Moro,  93 

Va*ghnatcb,  or  tiger-claw  weapon,  55 
Cockney,  use  of  h,  307,  351,  390,  490,  535 
Colcock  (C.  J.)  on  Pettus,  468 
Cold  Harbour,  its  derivation,  14,  74 
Cole  (H.)  on  dog-names,  233 
Cole  (Jacob),  his  songs,  289 
Coleman  (E.  H.)  on  bathing-machines,  131 

Beating  the  bounds,  114 

Benbow,  111 

"Better  the  day  better  the  deed,"  16 

Bread  for  the  Lord's  Day,  538 

Bunney,  13 

Butcher  Hall  Street,  117 

Carver,  royal,  134 

Cockade,  537 

De  Keleseye  or  Kelsey  family,  275 

Denny  (Lady  Arabella),  419 

Eton  lists,  152 

Galileo  portrait,  492 

Gamage,  334 

'  Goody  Two  Shoes,'  250 

Grievance  Office  :  John  le  Keux,  537 

Gwillim's  'Display  of  Heraldrie,'  416 

Holy  Maid  of  Kent,  336 

Hone,  a  portrait,  154 

I.H.S  ,  192 

Jersey  wheel,  274 

Kean  (Edmund),  35 

Lemans  of  Suffolk,  317 

Magna  Charta,  35 

Markham's  spelling-book,  377 

Mazzard  Fair,  312 

Mineral  Wells,  Streatham,  315 

Obb  wig,  176 

Oxenham  epitaphs,  411 

Oxford  almanac  designers,  512 

1  Oxford  Sausage,'  376 

Parish  documents,  476 

Phrases  and  reference,  197 

Portuguese  pedigrees,  255 

Propale,  493 

Seventeenth-century  phrases,  533 

Silesias  :  pocketings,  312 


Coleman  (F.  H.)  on  silk  men:  silk  throwsters,  217 

Statues,  London,  missing,  209 

Stob,  495 

Swift's  gold  snuff-box,  292 

Tithing  barn,  477 

Tituladoes,  16 

Travers  (Elias),  his  diary,  133 

"  Vine  "  Inn,  Highgate  Road,  433 

White  Company  :  naker,  132 

Witham,  333 

Woolmen  in  the  fifteenth  century,  515 
Coleridge  (S.  T.),  on  "talented,"  23  ;    bibliography,. 

81,  245  ;  'Lyrical  Ballads,'  1798,  228 
Coles  (J.),  Jun.,  on  Kuskin  at  Neuchatel,  512 

Witham,  474 

Colfe's  Almshouses,  Lewisham,  their  demolition,  324 
Coliseums  old  and  new,  485,  529 
Collier's  '  Celsus,'  plates  in,  56 
Collins  (William),  R.A.,  his  wife's  monument,  405 
Collis  (John  and  Peter),  their  epitaphs,  215 
Collompton :    Cullompton,  derivation  of  place-name^ 

77,  95 

Collyer  (J.  M.)  on  Patrick,  Lord  Gray,  527 
Collyweston,  meaning  of  the  word,  9 
Colon,  its  oiigin,  301 

Colston  (Edward),  Jun.,  M.P.  for  Wells,  228 
Colvac  as  a  Gaelic  Christian  name,  56 
Comma,  its  origin,  301 
Commentary,  Old  Testament,  188,  258 
Commissioner  of  Sewers  on  Heacham  parish  officers,. 

371 

Con-  contraction,  its  use,  427 
Conditions  of  sale  of  live  and  dead  stock,  269 
Connection  and  connexion,  450 
Constance,  Council  of,  legend  of,  18 
Cooper  (A.  L.)  on  Carter  and  FJeetwood,  268 

Fettiplace,  234 

Copernicus  and  the  planet  Mercury,  56 
Copying  press,  its  introduction,  488 
Corfe  Castle,  painting  by  Morland,  207 
Corfield  (W.)  on  "  A  shoulder  of  mutton,"  &c.,  48 

Stamp  collecting  and  its  literature,  38 
Corks,  the  game  described,  347,  391,  452 
Cosas  de  Espana,  474,  510 
Cotton  (Julian)  on  Governor  Stephenson,  492 

Theatre-building,  432 
Cotton  (J.  J.)  on  Major- General  Eyres,  38 
Cottyngham  will,  88 

Coulson  (John) = Anna  Catherina  Lane,  269 
County  tales,  111 

Courbillon  or  Gourbillon  family,  4C8 
Court  dress,  107,  131 
Courtney  (W.  P.)  on  William  Collins,  B.A.,  405 

Cricket,  394 

Hobbes  (T.),  485 
Coutances,  Winchester,  and  the  Channel  Islands,  68, 

154,  231 

Coutts  (Messrs.),  their  removal,  125,  232,  293 
Coventry  worsted  weavers,  347 
Cowley  (Abraham),   'A  Vote,'   434;   ode  on  "the 

matchless  Orinda,"  506 
Cowper  (Benjamin  Harris),  his  death,  60 
Cowper  (William),    unpublished   letters,    1,    42,    82,- 

122,  162,  203,  242  ;  best  biography,  149,  235 
Cows :  "  II  parle  fran^ais  comme  une  vache  espag- 
nole,"  173 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  28,  1905. 


INDEX. 


549 


Cox  (Leonard),  '  D.N.B.'  on,  65 
•Crane  (E.  S.)  on  travels  in  China,  408 

Wall  :  Martin,  309 

Crane  (T.),  Fellow  of  Winchester  College,  45,  116 
Crawford  (C.)    on  Webster  and  Sir  P.  Sidney,  221 

261,  303,  312,  381 

Crawford  (K.  K.)  on  naval  action  of  1779,  228 
Creepa  Close,  Walney  Island  place-name,  56 
Cresswell  (L.)   on  names  common    to    both    sexes, 

156 

•Creswell  (P.  T.)  on  Longfellow,  226 
Cricket  match,  first  separately  printed  account,  145, 

394 

Cricket  umpires,  their  garb,  126 
Cricklewood,  place-name,  408,  476,  495 
Crocodile,  prehistoric  remains  at  Fletton,  286 
Cromwell  (Oliver),  hi*  bed-linen,  268 
Crone   (J.  S.)  on  '  William  Tell,'  412 
Croquet  or  tricquet  in  the  sixteenth  century,  8 
Cross  in  the  Greek  Church,  469,  531 
Cross-bow  or  arbalest,  its  history,  443 
'Crouch  (C.  H.)  on  Ashburner  family,  163 
Bathing-machines,  131 
Dryden  portraits,  1 8 
Fonts,  desecrated,  171 
Gwillim's  'Display  of  Heraldrie,'  328 
Potts  family,  17 
Sanderson  family,  389 
Crowhurst,  Sussex,  rectors  of,  69 
Crowley  (Robert),  '  Select  Works,'  224 
Crucifix,  one-armed,  189,  294,  395  ;  at  Cratcliff  Tor, 

Derbyshire,  228,  435 
Cruikshank  (George),  designs  for 'Tarn  o'  Shanter,' 

309 

Cumberland  (Duke  of),  song  on  his  death,  406 
Cumming  (Col.  Sir  John),  his  parentage,  269 
Cumminga    (W.    H.)    on    Purcell's    music  for  'The 

Tempest,'  270,  370 
•Curry   (J.  T.)   on  "Grant  me,   indulgent   Heaven," 

434 

Southey's  'Omniana,'  410 
Talented,  23 
"Three  guns, "169 
"  Was  you  ? "  and  "You  was,"  157 
Cursals,  farm  of,  its  meaning,  509 
Curtis  (J.)  on  dog-names,  470 
Male-law  word,  426,  453 
Mineral  Wells,  Streatham,  316 
Tickencote  Church,  289 
Tithing  barn,  477 
Curwen  (A.  F.)  on  Berwick  :  Steps  of  Grace,  516 

'  Steer  to  the  Nor'-Nor'-West,'  490 
Curwen  (J.  S.)  on  tithing  barn,  368 
" Cuttwoorkes "  :  'True  Perfection  of  Cuttwoorkes,' 

149,  197 

•Cymro  on  Phillipps  MSS. :  Beatrice  Barlow,  28 
D.  on  Court  dress,  131 

"  Field  Marshall  the  Lord  Roberts,"  245 
"  Go  anywhere  and  do  anything,"  32 
Swan -names,  151 
Tricolour,  247,   312 
D.  (E.  H.  W.)  on  PhcBbe  Hessel,  74 
D.  (H.  H.)  on  "bonnets  of  blue,"  456 

Fair  maid  of  Kent,  175 

D.  (N.  D.)  on  North  Devon  May  Day  custom,  76 
D.  (T.  F.)  on  Anahuac,  196,  317 


D.  (T.  F.)  on  silver  bouquet-holder,  134 

Dago,  332 

Gwillim's  « Display  of  Heraldrie,'  417,  495 

lona  Cathedral,  47 

Refectories,  first-floor,  353 
D.   (W.)  on  Goldsmith's   'Present  State    of    Polite 

Learning,'  309 

Dago,  meaning  in  United  States,  247,  332,  351 
Daldy,  early  forms  of  surname,  249 
Dale  (T.  C.)  on  Dale  family,  289 
Dale  family,  289 

Dallas  (J.)  on  Shakes peariana,  343 
Dalmeny,  its  pronunciation,  36 
Dalton  (C.)  on  William  I  El.  at  the  Boyne,  321 
D' Auvergne  ( Philip),  his  wife's  surname,  427,  492 
David  (J.  P.)  on  Gourbillon  or  Courbillon  family,  408 
Davies  (Ann),  her  epitaph,  106,  152 
Da  vies  (J.  C.)  on  "  Giving  his  supper  to  the  devil," 
427 

Henry  II.  on  the  Welsh,  446 

Twin  calves,  406 
Davy  (A.  J.)  on  desecrated  fonts,  172 

Tooker,  307 

Dean  (John),  mezzotinter,  c.  1777-91,  481 
Death,  the  great  reaper,  146 
Decanter,  Nelson  and  Warren  inscribed  on,  268 
Deedes  (Cecil)  on  "  Bearded  like  the  pard,"  275 

"  In  puris  naturalibus, "  265 

Jacobite  verses,  349 

Pelican  myth,  429 

Struthius  (Josephus),  151 
De  Keleseye  or  Kelaey  family,  188,  275 
De  Morgan  (A.),  his  'Book  of  Almanacs,'  266 
Denman  (A.)  on  Loyal  Lads  of  Feltham,  401 
Denny  (Lady  Arabella),    monody  on  her  death,  368, 

419 
Denny  (H.  L.  L.)  on  Denny  family,  288 

Denny  (Lady  Arabella),  368 
Denny  family,  288,  494 
Denton  and  Washington  family  arms,  417 
De  Quincey  (T.),  editorship  of  Westmorland  Gazette, 

101 

Derbyshire,  dialect  words,  201,  282,  384 
Desecrated  fonts,  112,  170,  253,  292 
D'Eudemare     (Francis),     his     '  Histoire     du     Roy 

Willaume  le  Bastard,'  388 
Devil,  giving  his  supper  to  the,  427 
Devonshire  May  Day  custom,  75 
Dewar  (J.  C.)  on  Gamage,  249 
Diadem,  use  of  the  word,  65,  135 
Diaeresis,  its  origin.  301 
Dialect  synonyms,  dictionary  of  English,  18 
Dialects,  large  number  of  words  still  used,  472 
Diarmid  and  Fingal,  87,  152,  277 
Dibdin  (E.  R.)  on  '  Tom  Moody,'  398 
Dickens  (C.),  Dolly  Varden  as  a  term  of  reproach,  185; 

two  slips  in  '  Barnaby  Rudge,'  206 
Dickensian  London,  illustrations  of,  49 
Dickinson  (William),  British  mezzotinter,  522 
Dictionary,  German-English,  9 

'  Dictionary  of  National  Biography,*  notes  and 
corrections,  65,  146,  208,  225,  244,  246,  324,  362, 
425,  519 

Dilke  (Lady),  her  death,  360 
Disraeli  (B.)  on  Gladstone.  67,  110 
D'Israeli  (I.),  commemorative  tablet,  425 


550 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  28,  1905. 


Ditchfield  (P.  H.)  on  parish  clerk,  128 
Dixon  (J.),  Oxford  almanac  designer,  428 
Dixon  (John),  mezzotinter,  his  biography,  482 
Dixon  (R.)  on  Fair  Maid  of  Kent,  118 

Fotheringay,  215 

Names  common  to  both  sexes,  66 

Oxford  almanac  designers,  428 

Pincerna  (Richard),  90 

Publishers'  Catalogues,  357,  455 
Dobbin,  a  children's  game,  348 
Dobell  (Bertram)  on  Bacon  or  Usher  ?  407 
Dobson  (Austin)  on  Pamela  :  Pamela,  89 
Documents  in  secret  drawers,  113,  255 
Dodgson  (E.  S.)  on  Amyot's  anonymity,  508 

Apple  in  many  languages,  269 

Asses  hypnotized,  506 

Bathing-machines,  67,  131 

'Chanson  de  Roland,'  146 

Crucifix,  one-armed,  395 

Documents  in  secret  drawers,  113 

Gaelic  inscriptions  in  Man,  44 

'God  save  the  King,'  46 

Godwyn  (C.)  and  Baskology,  487 

Goettingen  Hippodrome,  528 

Heuskarian  rarity,  264 

I.H.S.,  192 

Martyrdom  of  St.  Thomas,  32,  352 

« Keliquije  Wottonianse,'  371 

"  Sal  et  saliva,"  55 

Shakespeariana,  523 

Spaniards  of  Asia,  86 

Tituladoes,  16 
Dog  who  made  a  will,  501 
Dog-bite  cure,  428,  538 
Dog-names,  101,  150,  232,  469 
D>nkey  who  made  a  will,  502 
Dorchester  (Henry  Pierrepont,  first  Marquis  of).  149, 

295,  350 
Dormer  (J.)  on  battle  of  Bedr,  475 

Battle  of  Spurs,  426 

Bears  and  boars  in  Britain,  490 

Brewer's    'Dictionary    of    Phrase    and    Fable,' 
362 

Diadems,  135 

Dog-names,  151 

I.H.S.,  190 

Natalese,  133 

Pelican  myth,  310,  430 

Prescriptions,  356 

"  Reversion  "  of  trees,  153 

Talented,  93 
Douglas     (Lady     Jean),    1698-1753,    her    portrait, 

467 
Douglas  (R,  B.)  on  corks,  391 

Hyde  de  Neuville,  368 
Douglas  (W.)  on  "  A  shoulder  of  mutton,"  &c.,  374 

'  Tom  Moody,'  295 
Douse  (T.   Le  Marchant)  on  Shakespeare's  Sonnet 

xxvi.,  133 

Doyle  (Sir  A.  Conan),  his  '  White  Company,'  68 
Dragon,  American  military  order,  347,  412 
Drake  (H.  H.)  on  Armstrong  gun,  34 

"Hanged,  drawn,  and  quartered,"  97 

Junius,  285 

Drama,   early,   in   Chester,    29  ;    Francis  Bacon  on, 
129,  195,  331 


"  Drawn,  hanged,  and  quartered,"  97 

Dress,  Court,  107,  131 

Drontheim,  Archbishops  of,  1148-1408,  67 

Druidical  circles,  their  many  names,  128,  235,  396 

Drury  (C.)  on  dog-bite  cure,  428 

Painting  on  glass,  284 
Dryden   (J.)   portraits,   18;    burial    at    St.   Anne's, 

Soho,  440 

Duelling  in  England,  its  suppression,  367,  435 
Duh  Ah  Coo  on  Daldy,  249 

France  and  civilization,  197 

Shroff:  shroffage,  247 

'Dukery  Records,'  Nottinghamshire  book,  126 
Dumas  (A.),  parentage  of  Vicomte  de  Bragelonne,. 

427,  496 
Dunheved  on  England's  inhabitants  in  1697,  169 

Peek-bo,  153 

Dunkarton  (R.),  mezzotinter,  482 
Dunn  (J.  P.)  on  Hoosier,  ]47 
Dunstable  (John),  musician,  memorial  tablet,  387 
Durand  (C.  J.)  on  American  yarn,  251 
Durham  House,  Strand,  its  history,  125,  232,  293 
Durham  family  pedigrees,  268,  331,  351 
Durston  (John),  Fellow  of  Winchester  College,  1553, 

45 

Dutton  (Thomas),  Scotch  evangelist,  47 
Duxbury  (J.)  on  penny  wares,  457 
Dyer  (Sir  Edward),  his  poems,  32 
Dyke  Keeve,  survival  of  the  office,  247,  336 
Dysey  (E.)  on  Coliseums  old  and  new,  530 
E.  (D.)  on  Sir  William  Calvert,  528 
E.  (K.  P.  D.)  on  Avalon,  309 

Berwick :  Steps  of  Grace,  426 

'  God  save  the  King '  parodied,  88 

Paraphernalia,  46 

E.  (N.  R.)  on  bibliography  of  Epitaphs,  195 
Eagle,  Manor  of,  its  Bailiff,  46,  134 
Bales,  Westminster  scholar,  228,  353 
East  Grinstead  on  cockade,  407 
Easter  Day,  Kentish  custom  on,  15 
Fasten  (W.  M.  G.)  on  Graham,  149 
Eberlin  (V.  C.)  on  Dago,  351 

"  Though  lost  to  sight,"  &c.,  345 
Ebsworth  (J.  W.)  on  "A  shoulder  of  mutton,"  &c.r 

236 

-ed,  use  of  the  final,  47,  93,  196 
Eddone  on  T.  Beach  :  R.  S.  Hawker,  408 
Eden   (H.    K.   F.)   on   Morris   Dancers1   Plantation, 

287 
Edgar  (A.  and  R.),  Westminster  scholars,  248,  352, 

493 
Edgcumbe  (R.)  on  genealogy  of  the  Bonapartes,  525 

'  Proems  des  Bourbons,'  369 

Vinery  at  Hampton  Court,  506 
Edinburgh,  May  Day  celebrations,  75  ;  monuments  in 

Old  Grey  friars  Churchyard,  534 
Edinburgh  buildings,  closets  in,  89,  154,  234,  297 
Editorial:— 

"  And  beauty,  born  of  murmuring  sound,"  460 

Army,  child  commissions  in,  420 

Bayswater,  540 

Beaver  or  bever,  a  meal,  180 

"  Budge  doctors  of  the  Stoic  fur,"  460 

Camoens,  'Lusiad'  in  English,  160 

Children,  numerous,  at  a  birth,  140 

Christ,  date  of  birth,  300 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  28,  1905. 


INDEX. 


551 


Editorial  :— 

Cinderella's  slipper,  320 

Dryden's  burial,  440 

Flagellants,  books  on,  420 

"  Her  mother  she  sells  laces  fine,"  260 

'  Hermit  in  London,'  440 

"Hoc  habeo  quodcumque  dedi,"  460 

Hollantyde,  420 

1  Little  Pedlington,'  320 

Masons'  marks,  500 

Napoleon's  horse  Marengo,  400 

Navew,  use  of  the  word,  500 

Navvy,  its  derivation,  20 

"  Once  in  a  blue  moon,"  80 

Pepys,  pronunciation  of  the  name,  500 

Royal  arms  in  churches,  500 

St.  Walburga's  oil,  120 

"Sic  volo,  sicjubeo,"  380 

Stuarts,  their  heiress,  400 

Tantarabobus,  480 

"The  tree  of  knowledge  is  not  that  of  life,"  540 

Wattman,  220 

Wooden  pipes  for  water,  180 

"  Yankee  Doodle  went  to  town,"  480 
Edmeston  (Andrew),  Westminster  scholar,  268 
Edmunds   (Flavel),   his   'Traces   of  History   in    the 

Names  of  Places,'  186 
Edmunds  and  Royal  Geographical  Society's  charter, 

307 

Edward  the  Confessor,  his  chair,  508 
Edward  I.,  his  look,  169,  257 
Edwards  (Samuel  Bradford),  Westminster  School,  309, 

377 

Edwards-Radclyffe  (D.)  on  ramie,  94 
Edwinstowe,  Notts  Manor  Court,  226,  353,  437,  536 
Eel  folk-lore,  149,  231,  331 
Eggler,  meaning  of  the  word,  447 
Eggs  used  in  building,  455 
Einsle  (8.),  Austrian  mezzotinter,  c,  1789,  521 
Electric  telegraph  anticipated,  66,  135,  234 
Electron,  new  sense  of  the  word,  225 
Ellacombe  (H.  N.)  on  rules  of  Christian  life,  129 

'  Tracts  for  the  Times,'  398 
Elliot  (Sir  Gilbert),  date  of  his  death,  48 
Ellis  (A.  S.)  on  descendants  of  Waldef,  332 
Elworthy  (F.  T.)  on  Bennett  family  of  Lincoln,  98 

High  Peak  words,  472 

Northern  and  Southern  pronunciation,  538 

Whitsunday,  297 
Emeritus  on  Indian  life  in  fiction,  445 

Obb  wig,  50 

Zad  (Adam),  133 

Emernensi  Agro,  place  name,  389,  518 
Emerson  and  Lowell,  inedited  verses,  423 
England,  derivation  of  the  word,  327,  407,  471 
England,  evil-eye  superstition  in,  156  ;  its  inhabitants 
in  1697,    169;  Napoleon  Bonaparte  on  its  prece- 
dence, 226  ;  suppression  of  duelling  in,  367,  435 
"  England  and  France  can  conquer  the  world,"  13 
English,  Algonquin  element  in,  422 
English,  pigeon,  at  home,  77 
English,  saying  about  the,  388 
English  cardinals'  hats,  their  destiny,  28,  96 
English   Channel:    "La  Manche"=the  sleeve,   34, 

134 
'English  Dialect  Dictionary  ' :  Nonsense  verses,  182 


English  extraordinary,  226 
English  graves  in  Italy,  307,  352 
Englibh  literature,  prisoners  of  war  in,  407 
Englishman,  last  canonized,  352,  432 
Ephis  and  his  lion,  the  story,  448 
Epigrams  : — 

I  am  the  Dean,  and  this  is  Mrs.  Liddell,  353 

I  come  first,  my  name  is  Jowett,  275,  353 

Some  say,  compar'd  to  Bononcini,  7 
Episcopal  ring  found  at  Sibbertoft,  188 
Epitaphiana,  322,  396,  474,  531 
Epitaphs,  bibliography  of,  57,  194,  533 
Epitaphs : — 

"  A  neighbour  good,  a  prudent  wife,"  322 

"Anna    Maria   Matilda   Sophia  Johnson,"   &c., 
322 

"Arabella     Jennerenna     Raquetenna     Amabel 
Grunter,"  322 

Brooke  (Jeremiah),  323 

"By  these  Inscriptions  be  it  understood,"  323 

Clarke  (John),  44 

Collis  (John  and  Peter),  215 

Cubbon  (Robert),  44 

"  Death  spyed  these  new  sprung  flowers,"  322 

"Fay  tout  ce  que  tu  vouldras,"  186 

Glutton,  epitaph  on  a,  134 

"Here  lies  an  only  darling  Boy,"  322,  396,  531 

"Here  lies  the  body  of  Joseph  Gordon,"  50,  134 

Hessel  (Phoebe),  74 

"  Inveni  portum,''  13 

Le  Keux  (J.)  in  St.    Margaret's,  Westminster, 
413 

Luther  (Richard  and  Anthonie),  323 

Oxenham  (John,  Mary,  and  James),    368,   411, 
509 

"Pain  was  my  portion,"  106,  152 

Richards  (James),  27 

"Thorpe's  corpse, "134 

"  Thou  wert  a  sweet  winning  child,"  323 
.     "  Twelve  years  I  was  a  maid,"  322 
Erekine    (David  Montagu)  at  Winchester,  not  West- 

minster,  406,  535 
•ese,  use  of  the  suffix,  77,  133 
Espec.     See  L'Espec. 
Esquire  in  Scotland,  use  of  the  title,  109 
Essex  woman,  tall,  Mrs.  Gordon,  128 
Etiquette,  municipal,  408 
Eton  College  lists,  107,  152 
Evans  (Rev.  David),  D.D.,  his  biographers,  408 
Evelyn  family,  348 

Evil  eye,  the  superstition  in  England,  156 
Exclamation,  note  of,  its  origin,  301 
Executions,  children  at,  346,  454 
Exemplar   on  "Good  news  to  those  whose  light  i» 

low,"  528 
Eyres  (Major-General  George  Bolton),  his  biography,. 

38 
F.  (F.  J.)  on  "  An  Indian  beauty,"  343 

St.  Alban's  Grammar  School,  plays  at,  126 
F.  (H.  J.)  on  "Sir  John  I'Anson,  Bart.,  485 
F.  (J.  C.)on  paste,  19 
F.  ( J.  T. )  on  antiquary  v.  antiquarian,  474 

Cross  in  the  Greek  Church,  531 

Hazel  or  Hessle  pears,  349 

I.H.S.,  231 

Jowett  and  Whewell,  353 


552 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Qoeriee,  Jan.  28,  1905. 


F.  (J.  T.)  on  Kissing  gates,  395 
Martyrdom  of  St.  Thomas,  31 
"Paulesfete,"  138 
St.  Ninian's  Church,  117 
F.  (R.  C.)  on  mayor's  seal  for  confirmation,  19 
F.  (S.  J.  A.)  on  '  Goody  Two  Shoes,'  167 
1  Tom  Moody,'  295 
'  William  Tell,'  327 

F.  (W.  G.  D.)  on  Isabella  Basset,  1346,  69 
Emernensi  Agro,  389 
Meignell  (Sir  Hugo),  49 
Nine  Maidens,  128 

Fair  Maid  of  Kent,  59,  118,  175,  236,  297 
Fairbank  (Sir  Thomas)  and  Hull  docks,  95 
Fairs,  beer  sold  without  licence  during,  9,  71 
Falconer  (Capt.  Richard),  his  '  Voyages,'  185 
Falkner  or  Faulkner  family,  168 
Falmouth,  Phoenicians  at,  469,  518 
Famr  (W.)  on  Northburgh  family,  377 
Favourite,  envied,  Chinese  story  of,  505 
Feltham,  Loyal  Lads  of,  401 
Female  incendiary,  her  supposed  crime,  9 
Fenton   (Rt.    Rev.   Patrick)    consecrated    in    West- 

minster  Cathedral,  145 
Fern  (Matthew),  his  imprisonment,  288 
Fettiplace  family,  234,  335 

Fewtrell  (A.  H.)  on  Bishop  of  Man  imprisoned,  535 
Fief  on  "Character  is  fate,"  494 
Finchale  Priory,  Durham,  Henman's  drawings,  168. 

252 

Fingal  and  Diarmid,  87,  152,  277 
Finger,  wedding-ring,  508 
"  First  kittoo,"  use  of  the  phrase,  149,  296 
Fish  in  the  North  Sea,  Great  Britain's  claim,  187 
Fishwick  (H.)  on  Richard  Pincerna,  92 
FitzAthulf  (Constantine),   his  execution  for  rioting, 

181 
FitzGerald  (Edward),  song  in  Tennyson's  'Memoir,' 

285 

Fitzgerald  (Edward  Marlborough),  poems  by,  141 
FitzGerald  bibliography,  141,  214 
Fitz- Norman  (J.  K.)  on  Blake:  Norman  :  Oldmixon, 

447 

Five,  the  French  figure,  its  origin,  301 
Flagellants,  books  on,  420 
Flaying  alive,  notable  case,  14 
Fleetwood  (Mary  )  =  Nathaniel  Carter,  268,  333 
Fleetwood  cabinet,  its  owner,  67 
Fleetwood  family,  33 
Fletcher's  'Fair  Maid  of  the  Inn,'    "the  Captain" 

in,  184 

Fletton,  prehistoric  crocodile  found  at,  286 
Flesh  and  shamble  meats,  54 
Flint  chippings  in  barrows,  188 
Flower,  alias  William  Way,  alias  Wygge,  106 
Flying  bridge  between  Buda  and  Pest,  406,  491 
Foat  (F.  W.  G.)  on  punctuation  in  MSS.  and  printed 

books,  301,  462 

Foix  (Cte.  de  St.)  on  Mozart  concerto,  447 
Folk-lore  post-card,  first,  200 
Tolk-lore  :— 

Asses  hypnotized,  506 

Bee  superstitions,  26 

Devil :  Giving  his  supper  to  the  Devi),  427 

Dog-bite,  428 

Eel,  149,  231,  331 


Folk-lore:  — 

Hare's  heart  stuck  with  pins,  273 

Pin  witchery,  205,  271,  376 

Toads  burnt  alive,  271,  325 

Toothache,  446 

Twin  calves,  406 
Folk-medicine  in  Lincolnshire,  446 
Fontainebleau,  history  of,  248 
Font,  ceremony  of  its  consecration,  269,  336 
Fonts,  desecrated,  112,  170,  253,  292 
Foord  (A.  S.)  on  Mineral  Wells,  Streatham,  228 
Footprints  of  the  gods,  65 
Ford  (C.  Lawrence)  on  "aching  void,"  348 

Browning's  "  thunder- free,"  193 

False  quantities  in  Parliament,  418 
Forgo  :  forego,  correct  spelling,  306 
Forshaw  (C.  F.)  on  antiquary  v.  antiquarian,  396 

Astwick:  Austwick,  35 

Bears  and  boars  in  Britain,  490 

Bronte  farnily,.,49 

Close,  the  poet,  232 

Closets  in  Edinburgh  buildings,  154,  234 

Corks,  392 

Crocodile,  prehistoric,  286 

Denny  family,  494 

Dog-names,  470 

Bales,  353 

Edgar  (A.  and  R.),  352 

Epitaphiana,  323 

Fettiplace,  335 

Fingal  and  Diarmid,  152 

Fonts,  desecrated,  112,  171,  254 

Fotheringay,  215 

Freemason,  blind,  269 

Harlsey  Castle,  co.  York,  193 

Hazel  or  Hessle  pears,  436 

Heacham  parish  officers,  336 

Hand,  493 

Jersey  wheel,  274 

Kirklington  Barrow,  246 

Mazzard  Fair,  312 

Mineral  Wells,  Streatham,  316 

Nelson  anthology,  287 

Nine  Maidens,  397 

Oak,  historic  Cumberland,  285 

Obb  wig,  177 

Pigott  (Thomas),  257 

Prescriptions,  291,  492 

Quotation  :  author  and  correct  text  wanted,  276 

Ravison  :  scrivelloes,  292 

Rechabite,  314 

St.  George,  511 

St.  Thomas  Wohope,  275 

Scribblers,  irresponsible,  137,  196 

Shakespeare,  poems  on,  18  ;  his  grave,  195 

Shropshire  and  Montgomeryshire  manors,  256 

Silk  men  :  silk  throwster?,  216 

Tides  well  and  Tideslow,  36 

Tregortha  (John),  393 

Waggoner's  Wells,  214 

Wolverhampton  pulpit,  37 

Forti  or  Forsi  (Fabio  Oliva),  Italian  author,  307 
Foster  (H.  J.)  on  Alexander  and  R.  Edgar,  493 
Foster  (J.)  on  Elias  Travers's  diary,  68 
Foster  (J.  J.)  on  T.  Beach,  portrait  painter,  332 
Morland  and  Corfe  Castle,  207 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  28,  1905. 


INDEX. 


553 


Fotheringay,  its  correct  spelling,  128,  215 
France  and  civilization,  13,  197 
Francesca  on  Ardagh,  289 
Pigott  (Thomas),  113 
Scandinavian  bishops,  67 
Francillon  (R.  E.)  on  German  Volkslied,  351 
Pike  and  Peak,  110 
1  Reliquiae  Wottonianse,'  371 
Francis  (J.  C.)  on  longest  telegram,  192 
Franklin  (Benjamin)  on  genealogy,  64 
Franklin  (W.),  clock  made  by,  448,  513 
Free  trade = smuggling,  first  used,  250,  317 
Freemason,  Francis  Linley,  a  blind,  269 
French  burdens  to  English  songs,  267 
French  heraldry,  267 

French  novel  entitled  •  Chateau  de  Tours,'  129 
French  proverbial  phrases,  404 
French  refugees,  their  burial-places,  58 
Freshman,  earliest  use  of  the  term,  467 
"Freshman"  women,  the  term  in  America,  266 
Fry  (E.  A.)  on  Anahuac,  476 

Edwinstowe,  Manor  Court,  Notts,  536 
Flying  bridge,  491 
Parish  documents,  476 
Quotations,  English  and  Spanish,  873 
Fry  (J.  F.)  on  Greenwich  Fair,  292 
Fry  (L.  D.)  on  Manzoni's  'Betrothed,'  238 
Fulling  days,  meaning  of  the  term,  389 
Full-stop,  its  origin,  301 
Funerals,  skeletons  at,  48 
Fynmore  (R.  J.)  on  Cawood  family,  515 
County  tales,  111 
Dog-names,  234,  470 
Fonts,  desecrated,  254 
Grey  (Lady  Mary),  405 
Penny  wares,  415 
Pilgrims'  Ways,  212 
Pincerna  (Richard),  92 
Stubbs  (Sir  T.  W.),  189 
Ward  (Baron),  296 

G.  (A.)  on  three  tailors  of  Tooley  Street,  468 
G.  (B.  H.)  on  corks,  391 
G.  (J.)  on  French  novel,  129 

G.  (J.  R.  F.)  on  "Was  you  ? "  and  "  You  was,"  72 
G.  (M.  N.)  on  Avalon,  411 

Hell,  Heaven,  and  Paradise,  354 
"  I  lighted  at  the  foot,"  &c.,  412 
Proverbs  in  the  Waverley  Novels,  37 
Sporting  clergy  before  the  Reformation,  294 
G.  (S.  F.)  on  Fontainebleau,  248 
G.  (W.  R.)  on  Daniel  Webster,  407 
Gaboriau's  '  Marquis  d'Angival,'  58 
Gadyr,  calf's,  meaning  of  the  term,  467 
Gaelic  inscriptions  in  the  Isle  of  Man,  44 
Galapine,  meaning  of  the  word,  447,  531 
Galileo,  portraits  of,  426,  492 
Gamage  (William  Dick),  his  biography,  249,  334 
Games  :  croquet  or  ti  icquet,  8  ;  corks,  347,  391,  452  ; 
Dobbin,  348  ;  "  Once  in  China  there  lived  »  man," 
507 
Gantillon  (P.  J.  F.)  on  Byroniana,  55 

Gray's  '  Elegy,3  in  Latin,  93 
Garfield  (General)  on  genealogy,  64 
Garlanding,  custom  near  Oxford,  75 
Garlick,  its  curative  virtues,  538 
Garnet  (J.)  on  "Honest  broker."  452 


Garrick  on  "  Character  is  fate,"  426 

Garrick  (David),  commemorative,  425 

Gates,  kissing,  395 

Genealogy  :  in  America,  63  ;  in  Dumas,  427,  496 

Genevi&ve  Collection,  its  whereabouts,  369 

Genius  defined,  24,  94 

Gentleman,  first,  in  Europe,  309 

Gentlemanly,  use  of  the  word,  24,  93 

"George,  Fee  of  Salm  Salm,"  249 

George  I.  and  turnips,  songs  on,  288,  349 

George  IV.,  the  first  gentleman  in  Europe,  309 

Gerard  (E.)  on  suppression  of  duelling  in  England, 

367 

Gerish  (W.  B.)  on  Hertford  county  biography,  47 
Germain   (Lady    Elizabeth),   portraits  of,   88,    156, 

238 

German- English  Dictionary,  9 
German  Volkslied,  "Es  ist  bestimmt,"  &c.,  327,  351, 

371 

Gifford  (H.  J.)  on  clock  by  W.  Franklin,  513 
Gilbert  (G.)  on  Jane  Stuart,  294 
Gilbert  (G.  D.)  on  Mrs.  Carey,  449 

Monmouth  cipher,  411 
Gillman  (C.)  on  Peak  and  Pike,  110 
Gipsies,  "Chigunnji,"  105,  158,  230 
Giudiccioni  (Bartolommeo),  his  cardinalitial  title,  7 
Gladstone  (T.)  and  the  bread  riots  in  Leith,  388 
Gladstone  (W.  E.),  Disraeli  on,  67,  110 
Gladwin  family,  207 

'  Glasgow  Herald,'  its  long  telegram,  125,  176 
Glass,  old  receipt  for  painting  on,  284 
Glass  painters,  67 

Glenshee,  references  to  the  Spital  of,  87,  152,  277 
Gnomon  on  "  A  shoulder  of  mutton,"  &c.,  292 
Godmanchester  and  Guncaster,  place-names,  38 
'  God  save  the  King '  and  Constantino    Palseologus, 

46  ;  parodied,  88,  154 
Godwyn  (Charles)  and  Baskology,  487 
Goethe  :  translations  of  '  Wilhelm  Meister,'  57 
Goettingen,  inscription  on  Hippodrome  at,  528 
Golding  (H.)  on  Bishop  of  Man  imprisoned,  534 
Goldsmith  (O.)  and  Scottish  paraphraser,  166;    and 

'Goody  Two  Shoes,M67,  250;  'Present  State  of 

Polite  Learning,'  309 
Goodrich  (Bishop),  criticism  on,  85 
Goodwin  (Gordon)  on  British  mezzotinters,  481,  521 
Browne  (W.),  366 

Reade  (Charles),  his  grandmother,  344 
Goody  Two  Shoes,  a  bad-tempered  housewife,  250 
"  oose  v.  geese,  507 

JJoose,  roast,  at  Michaelmas,  its  origin,  431 
Gordon  (Duchess  of),  story  of  the  famous,  427 
Jordon  (Edward),  sergeant-at-arms,  347 
Sordon  (Lord  George),  his  grave  at  Hampstead,  276 

ordon  (Gilbert),  Dumfries  excise  collector,  396 
Jordon  (Mrs.),  tall  Essex  woman,  128 
Gordon  (S.)  on  De  Keleseye  or  Kelsey  family,  188 

Silk  men :  silk  throwsters,  128 
Sordon  epitaph,  50,  134 

se  (Edmund)  on  Allan  Ramsay,  386 
Gould    (I.    C.)   on  cataloguing    seventeenth-century 

tracts,  454 
Gwillim's  •  Display  of  Heraldrie,'  416 
Parish  documents,  476 
Gourbillon  or  Courbillon  family,  408 
Gower  (William),  of  Penshurst  and  Chiddingstone,  426- 


554 


INDEX. 


NoteB  and  Queries,  Jan.  28, 1905. 


Grace  (E.  M.)  on  Queen's  surname,  529 

Graham  (J.  M.)  on  Patrick  Bell,  487 

Graham  family,  149,  274 

Grant  (Barbara),  in  Stevenson's  'Catriona,'  327 

Graves,  English,  in  Italy,  307,  352 

Gray  (Patrick,  Lord),  his  descendants,  527 

Gray  (T.),  «  Elegy '  and  Wolfe,  27  ;  'Elegy  '  in  various 

languages,  92,  175 

Great  Britain's  tithe  of  fish  in  North  Sea,  187 
Greek  Church,  cross  in,  469,  531 
Green  (C.)  on  children  at  executions,  516 
Green  (Valentine)  and  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds,  521 
Greene  (E.),  'Never  too  Late,'  267;  and  '  Martine 

Mar-sixtus,'  483 

Greig  (Admiral  Sir  Samuel),  in  Russian  navy,  173 
Grenadier,  premier,  of  France,  52 
Greta  on  Southey's  '  Omniana,'  410 
Gretna  Green  marriage  registers,  386 
Greville   (Frances),   her   'Prayer    for    Indifference,' 

335 

Grey  (Lady  Mary),  her  burial,  405 
Grier  (S.  C.),  slips  in  •  Like  Another  Helen/  445 
Grier  (S.  C.)  on  first  wife  of  Warren  Hastings,  10 
Grievance   Office:    John   Le  Keux,   207,   374,    413, 

537 

Grigor  (J.)  on  Sir  Edward  Dyer,  32 
Groves  (C.  H.)  on '  Gospel  of  God's  Anointed,'  8 
Grozer  (Joseph),  his  remarkable  will,  521 
Gruselier  (Gregory)  on  Iktin,  249 

Tregortha  (John),  289 
Guimaraens  (A.  J.  C.)  on  Portuguese  pedigrees,  167 

Winter  (Rev.  Richard),  348 
Guisers,  Christmas,  504 
Guith,  in  old  Welsh,  466,  539 
Gun,  Armstrong,  its  inventor,  34 
Guncaster  and  Godmanchester,  place-names,  88 
Guns,  its  meaning  in  1546,  169 
Gutta-percha,  Great  Seal  in,  528 
Gwillim's  '  Display  of  Heraldrie,'  its  author,  328,  416, 

495 

Gwyneth,  its  correct  spelling,  108,  255 
ZT,   Italian  initial,  107,   352  ;  use   or  omission,  307, 

351,  390,  490,  535  ;  Dr.  Johnson  on,  446 
H.  on  Thomas  Beach,  371 

William  III.  at  the  Boyne,  370 
H,  2  on  Avalon,  411 

English  Channel,  134 
Isabelline  as  a  colour,  253,  375,  477,  538 
Natalese,  76 
Peak  and  pike,  172 
H.  (A.)  on  Alake,  56 
Cricklewood,  495 
Kaboose,  214 

Vaccination  and  inoculation,  513 
H.  (A.  C.)  on  Philip  d'Auvergne,  427 

Warton  (William),  1764,  68 
H.  (A.  F.)  on  Lamont  harp,  132 
H.  (E.  S.)  on  « Glen  Moubray,'  227 
H.  (F.  R.  J.)  on  female  incendiary,  9 
H.  (L.  J.)  on  verse  translations  of  Moliere,  448 
H.  (M.  F.)  on  kissing  gates,  396 
H.  (P.  F.)  on  silesias:  pocketings,  312 
H.  (R.  A.)  on  bell-ringing  on  13  August,  1814, 36S 
H.  (W.  B.)  on  Mrs.   Ark  Wright's   setting  of  '  Pirate' 
Farewell,'  492 
Broom  squires,  252 


H.  (W.  B.)  on  D'Eudemare,  338 
Epitaphiana,  322,  474 
'  Experiences  of  a  Gaol  Chaplain,'  330 
Higgins  (Godfrey),  184 
Humorous  stories,  355 
Kiplin  or  Kipling  family,  269 
Poem  by  H.  F.  Lyte,  493 
Thackeray's  pictures,  169 
H.  (W.  G.)  on  '  Tracts  for  the  Times,'  347 
H.  (W.  S.  B.)  on  final  -ed,  196 

Wilson  (Rev.  John),  449 
H.  (W.  T.)  on  desecrated  fonts,  112,  254 
lackett  (F.  W.)  on  Rebecca  of  'Ivanhoe,'  193 
laddon,  West,  parish  clerks  of,  215 
lagiological  terms,  c,  1500,  147 
Haines  (R.)  on  battle  of  Bedr,  475 
St.  George,  168 
Saying  about  the  English,  388 
Shakespeare's  autograph,  107 
Shakespeare's  wife,  429,  473 
Hales  (G.  L.)  on  Hoi  born,  392 
Hall  (A.)  on  Ainsty,  97,  516 
Cawood  family,  515 
Peek-bo,  153 

Shakespeare's  Sonnet  XXVI.,  214 
Halley  (Edmond),  surgeon  R.N.,  88,  177 
tlalley  (Dr.  Edmond),  his  bibliography,  224 
Sam  (J.  S.)  on  Jacobite  verses,  350 
Hamilton  (S.  G.)  on  an  old  Bible,  152 

"Sarum,"496 
Hampstead  Road,  alterations  in,  125 
ELampton  Court,  vinery  at,  506 
Hand,  "giving  the  hand"  in  diplomacy,  126,  251 
Handel  and  Bononcini,  epigram  on,  7 
Banged,  drawn,  and  quartered,  the  punishment,  97 
Hanson  (J.  and  T.),  c.  1650,  209 
Harbour:  Cold  Harbour,  the  place-name,  14,  74 
Harland  Oxley  (W.  E.)  on  Black  Dog  Alley,  West- 
minster, 5 

Bromley  coat  of  arms,  366 
Coutts  (Messrs.),  their  removal,  125 
Grievance  Office:  John  Le  Keux,  413 
Houses  of  historical  interest,  425 
London  cemeteries  in  1860,  296 
Penny  a  year  rent,  186 
Port  Arthur,  251 

Westminster  School  boarding-houses,  1 27 
Harlsey  Castle,  co.  York,  89,  193 
Harp,  Lamont,  71,  132  ;  Queen  Mary's,  71 
Harrison  (J.)  on  barometer  by  Marinone  &  Co.,  346 
Hart  (H.  Chichester)  on  "  Captain"  in  Fletcher  and 

Jonson,  184 

"  Cry  you  mercy,  I  took  you  for  a  joint- stool, "  66 
Peek -bo,  85 

Hartley  (T.  C.)  on  Journal  of  House  of  Comnnns,  248 
Hartley  (William),  of  Leeds  pottery,  152 
Harvest,  late  intellectual,  54 
Hastings  (Warren),  his  first  wife,  10 
Haultmont  (M.)  on  Italian  initial  A,  352 

Rules  of  Christian  life,  255 

Havana,  storming  of  Fort  Mow,  93,  175,  256,  313,  375 
Haward  (Capt.  Lazarus),  and  word  *'  galapines,"  447 
Hawker  ( R.  S.),  memorial  at  Morwenstow,  286,  408 
Hawkins  (Thomas),  Fellow  of  Winchester  College,  45 
Hazel  or  Hessle  pears,  349,  436 
Heacham  parish  officers,  247,  335,  371,  431 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  28,  1905. 


INDEX. 


555 


Heart  of  Louis  XIV.  eaten,  346,  496 

Heaven,  Hell,  and  Paradise  as  place-names,  354,  533 

Hebb  (J.)  on  Barga,  Italy,  537 

Bathing-machines,  131 

Chimney-back,  cast  iron,  189 

Colfe's  AlmshouseSjLewisham,  324 

Coutts  (Messrs.),  their  removal,  293 

Rigadoon,  65 

Heelis  (John  Loraine),  his  death,  100 
Helga  on  Arden  as  a  feminine  name,  368 

Christian  names,  curious,  375 

Descendants  of  Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  6 

Fair  Maid  of  Kent,  59 

Fotheringay,  128 

Grant  (Barbara),  327 

Hell,  Heaven,  and  Paradise,  355 
Heliodorus,  'Histoire  ^thiopiqve,'  tr.  by  Amvot,  508 
Hell,  Heaven,  and  Paradise  as  place-names,  354,  533 
Helm  (W.  H.)  on  ff,  its  use  or  omission,  535 
Hemming  (R.)  on  Byron :  Biron,  50 
Hems  (H.)  on  one-armed  crucifix,  294,  395 

Desecrated  fonts,  171 

Humorous  stories,  231 

London  cemeteries  in  1860,  394 

*  Magazine  of  Art,'  145 

Martyrdom  of  St.  Thomas,  274 

Newspaper,  first  ocean,  96 

Oxenham  epitaphs,  510 

Port  Arthur,  212,  251 

Private  house,  largest  in  England,  197 

Refectories,  first  floor,  237 

Scribblers,  irresponsible,  137,  196 

Wolverhampton  pulpit,  96 

Henderson  (Charles  Cooper),  his  etchings,  69,  117 
Henderson  (G.  B.)  on  bathing-machines,  131 

'  Road  Scrapings,'  117 

Henman  (C.),  drawings  of  Finchale  Priory,  168,  252 
Henry  IT.  on  the  Welsh,  446 
Heraldry : — 

Armorial  bearings,  328 

Armorial  book-plates,  287 

Armorial  visiting  cards,  509 

Azure,  two  crescents  in  chief,  168 

Bromley  coat  of  arms,  366 

French,  267 

Lincoln  city  and  see,  37 

Quarterly,  1  and  4,  a  fesse  between  three  fleurs- 
de-lis,  388 

Sable,  an  escutcheon  within  orle  of  owls,  490 

Six  (Burgomaster  Jan),  Id8 

Washington  (George),  his  coat  of  arms,  327,  417 

Waterton,  Watton,  and  Watson  family  arms,  29 
Herberley,   Haberley,    or   Huberley  (T.),  biography, 

135 

Herbert  (D.)  on  Pembroke  Earldom,  228 
Hermit's  crucifix  at  Cratcliff  Tor,  228,  435 
Heron-Allen  (E.)  on  khaki,  253 

Omar  Khayyam,  322,  398 

Tea  as  a  meal,  175 

Herpich(C.  A.)  on  "The  penalty  of  Adam,"  524 
Hertford  borough  seal,  18 
Hertford  county  biography,  47 
Heslop  (R.  0.)  on  galapine,  531 

Saint  as  a  prefix,  87 

Hessel  (Phoebe),  the  Stepney  Amazon,  16,  74 
Hessels  (J.  H.)  on  Italian  scholar  hoaxed,  367 


Hessian,  definition  of  the  word,  312 

Hessle  or  hazel  pears,  349,  436 

Heuskarian  catechism  in  Biscayan,  264 

Heward  (W.  L.)  on  storming  of  Fort  Moro,  93,  313 

Hewett  family,  48,  418 

Hewitt  (C.  E.)   on   Manor    Court    of  Edwinstowe 

Notts,  226 
Hewitt  (J.  A.)  on  Cawood  family,  515 

Hewett  family,  488 

Hibgame  (F.  T.)  on  T.  Beach,  portrait  painter,  285 
Bristol  slave  ships,  257 
Crucifix,  one-armed,  294 
Dunatable  the  musician,  387 
First  bishop  consecrated  in  Westminster  Cathe- 
dral, 145 

Hawker  of  Morwenstow,  286 
London  cemeteries  in  1860,  297 
Manzoni's  '  Betrothed,'  169 
Michaelmas  custom,  347 
Mocassin  :  its  pronunciation,  495 
Morland's  grave,  49 
Stanley  (Sir  H.  M.),  his  grave,  526 
Higgins  (Godfrey),  his  death,  184,  276,  331 
High  Peak,  Derbyshire,  old  words,  201,  282,  384,  472 
Higham  (C.)  on  Jacob  Cole,  289 

"  Grant  me,  indulgent  heaven,"  309 
Hill  (Rev.  William),  427 
Hildesley  (Mark),  his  MSS.,  53 
Hill  (A.  F.)  on  Roberto  Valentine,  27 
Hill  (Rev.  W.),  editor  of 'Northern  Star,'  427,  490 
Hilson  (J.  L.)  on  Berwick  :  Steps  of  Grace,  516 
Hazel  or  Hessle  pears,  436 
Hell,  Heaven,  or  Paradise,  355 
Hippoclides  on  late  intellectual  harvest,  54 
Shakespeariana,  64 
Victoria,  468 

Hippodrome  at  Goettingen,  inscription  on,  528 
'  Historical  English  Dictionary,'  notes  on,  266 
Hitchin-Kemp  (F.)  on  Cricklewood,  408,  495 
Hoax  on  Italian  scholar,  367 
Hobbes  (Thomas)  on  the  Continent,  485 
Hodgkin  (J.  Eliot)  on  bathing-machines,  130 
Going  shopping,  445 
Shakespeariana,  344 
Holar,  Bishops  of,  1148-1408,  67 
Holborn,  the  place-name,  308,  392,  457,  493 
Hollantyde,  its  meaning,  420 

Holme  Pierrepont  church  and  library,  149,  295,  350 
Holus-bolus,  its  derivation,  188 
Holy  Maid  of  Kent,  Elizabeth  Barton,  268,  336 
Homer  and  Pope,  525 

Homo  Coelebs  on  University  Women's  Club,  33 
Hone  (Nathaniel),  miniature  by,  68, 154 
Hone  (N.)  on  Edwinstowe  Manor  Court,  437 

Sporting  clergy  before  the  Reformation,  293 
Tickling  trout,  277 

Hood  (Thomas)  and  John  Hamilton  Reynolds,  67 
Hooker  (Sir  J.  D.)  on  Isabelline  as  a  colour,  75 
Hooper  (J.)  on  largest  puvate  house,  29 
Hoosier,  state  and   people  of  Indiana,  origin  of  the 

name,  147 

Hope  (H.  G,)  on  antiquary  r.  antiquarian,  174 
Battlefield  sayings,  275 
Documents  in  secret  drawers,  255 
Fair  Maid  of  Kent,  297 
'  Goody  Two  Shoes,'  251 


556 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  X,  1905. 


Hope  (H.  G.)  on  Mesmerism  in  the  Dark  Ages,  314 

Morland's  grave,  276 

Roman  tenement  houses,  73 

Scribblers,  irresponsible,  277 

Smith,  a  Berners  Street  artist,  409 

Storming  of  Fort  Moro,  313 

Vanishing  London,  234 

William  III.  at  the  Boyne,  370,  453 
Hopkins   (F.   A.)   on   London    Cemeteries    in   1860, 

169 

Horse-radish  as  folk-medicine,  446 
Horses,  thinking,  their  fate,  165,  281 
Horseshoes,  Oakham  Castle  and,  445 
Housden  (J.  A.   J.)   on  Bishop  of  Man   imprisoned 
1722,  534 

Children  at  executions,  454 

Richard  of  Scotland,  450 

University  Women's  Club,  33 
House,  largest  private,  in  England,  29,  133,  197 
House  of  Commons,  its  Journal,  248,  312 
Houses,  Roman  tenement,  73  ;  historical,  425 
Howitt  (S.),  his  paintings,  49 
Hoyle  (Edmond),  his  portrait,  409,  536 
Hughes   (L.  H.)   on  false   quantities  in  Parliament, 
418 

Geneaology  in  Dumas,  496 
Hughes  (T.  Cann)  on  children  at  executions,  516 

Episcopal  ring,  188 

Epitaphs,  195 

Excavations  at  Richborough,  289 

Finchale  Priory,  Durham,  168 

Hell,  Heaven,  and  Paradise,  355 

*  Liber  Landavensis,'  149 

Refectories,  first-floor,  167 

Upton  Snodsbury  discoveries,  268 

Watling,  Hamlet,  488 

Hugo  (V.),  his  'Les  Abeilles  Impe'riales,'  57 
Hull,    funeral    of    victims    of    Russian    Baltic   fleet 

blunder,  425 

Hungary,  'Times'  correspondents  in,  108 
Hunter- Blair  (Sir  D.  O.)  on  pontificate,  173 

Swett  family,  8 

Hunting  adventures  of  royalty,  469 
Hurt  (L.  C.)  on  I  majuscule,  288 
Hussey  (A.)  on  alms  light,  348 

Calf  s  "  gadyr,"  467 

Pilgrims'  Ways,  212 

St.  Thomas  Wohope,  209 

"  Trylle  upon  my  Harpe,"  148 

"  Ympe,"  186 

Hyde  de  Neuville,  his  descent,  368 
Hymns:  "  God  moves  in  a  mysterious  way";    "A 

charge  to  keep  I  have,"  335 
/,  why  capitalized,  288,  356  ;  origin  of  the  dot,  301  ; 

printed  with  small  letter,  357 
I  and  y,  their  use  in  English,  186,  316,  371 
I.H.S.,  meaning  of  the  abbreviation,  106,  190,  231 
1'Anson  (Sir  John),  Bart.,  his  death,  485 
Ibague"  on  rules  of  Christian  life,  335 

Telegram,  longest,  125 

Iktin,  nominative  form  of  the  name,  249,  316 
Hand,  meaning  of  the  word,  848,  493 
Illegitimacy  in  England  and  Ireland,  168,  257,  334 
Imp = shoot  grafted  in,  186 
Incendiary,  female,  supposed  crime,  9 
Inderwick  (F.  A.),  K.C.,  F.S.A.,  his  death,  179 


Index  Society  and  British  Record  Society,  389 
Indian  life  in  fiction,  445 
Infinitive,  split,  its  growth,  406 
Influential,  use  of  the  word,  24,  93 
Ingleby  (Holcombe)  on  corks,  452 

Heacham  parish  officers,  247,  431 

Prescriptions,  56 
Ingram  and  Lingen  families,  487 
Innes  (J.  H.)  on  Black  Dog  Alley,  Westminster,  174 
Inoculation  and  vaccination,  27,  132,  216,  313,  394, 

456,  513 

Intellectual  harvest,  late,  54 
Interrogation  mark,  its  origin,  301 
lona  Cathedral,  its  restoration  of,  47 
Irish  Michaelmas  custom,  347,  431 
Isabelline  as  a  colour,  75,  253,  375,  477,  537 
Islington,  burial-ground  in  Church  Row,  394 
Ita  Tester  on  Owen  Brigstocke,  86 

"Poor  Allinda's  growing  old,"  64 

Steinman  (George  Steinman),  88,  350 
Italian  artists,  modern,  468 
Italian  initial  h,  107,  352 
Italian  scholar  hoaxed,  367 
Italy,  English  graves  in,  307,  352 
J.  (F.  M.)  on  King  of  Sweden  on  balance  of  power,  8 
J.P.  and  M.A.,  question  of  precedence,  408 
J.  (W.)  on  American  Order  of  the  Dragon,  347 
J.  (W.  H.)  on  Audience  Meadow,  208,  467 

'  Tom  Moody,'  228 

Jackson  (Sir  Anthony),  his  English  descendants,  529 
Jacob  (E.)  on  American  yarn,  251 
Jacobin  soup,  explanation  of  the  term,  146 
Jacobite  verses  on  the  Georges,  288,  349,  417 
Jaggard  (W.)  on  bananas,  476 

Bibliography  of  publishing,  11 

"  Cuttwoorkes,"  149 

Intellectual  harvest,  late,  54 

Pariah  clerk,  216,  373 

Parish  documents,  331 

Pawnshop,  354 

Publishers'  Catalogues,  50 

Scribblers,  irresponsible,  136 

Shakespeare  autograph,  248 

Shropshire  and  Montgomeryshire  manors,  256 

"  Tell  me,  my  Cicely,  why  so  coy,"  428 

Wiltshire  naturalist,  c.  1780,  291 
James  I.  of  Scotland,  his  daughters,  55 
James   (Roger),  Fellow  of  Winchester   College,   45, 

116 

Janes  (Mr.),  of  Aberdeenshire,  naturalist,  54,  155 
Japan,  wooing  staff  in,   504  ;    stealing  no  crime   in, 

509 

Japanese  in  seventeenth  century,  86 
Jarratt  (F.)  on  Longfellow,  148 

Parish  documents,  414 

Jeans  (John),  of  Aberdeen,  mineralogist,  55,  155 
Jefferson  (J.  D.)  on  Frar^ce  and  civilization,  13 
Jenkinson  (John),  his  marriage  in  1701,  328 
Jerram  (C.  S.)  on  Iktin,  316 

Tideswell  and  Tideslow,  95 
Jerrold  (Walter)  on  Thomas  Hood,  67 

Tote,  255 

Jersey  wheel  defined,  208,  274 
Jessel  (F.)  on  corks,  392 

Hoyle  (Edmond),  536 
Jesso  earthenware,  288,  537 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  28,  1905. 


INDEX. 


557 


Jewish  parallel  to  "An  old  woman  went  to  market,' 

502 

•Jews  and  printing,  184 
Jno.=John,  its  origin,  301 
Joannes  v.  Johannes,  189,  274,  355,  477 
Jocko,  derivation  of  the  word,  446 
John  (King),  his  charters,  57,  134 
Johnson  (S.)  and  "Mr.  Janes,"  55,155;  his  maternal 
ancestry,  94  ;  and  the  word  "pelfry,"  267  :  on  the 
letter  H,  446 

Jonas  (A..  C.)  on  '  Hardy knute,'  536 
Jones  (A.  D.)  on  trooping  the  colours,  49 
Jones  (T.)  on  Shakespeariana,  523,  524 
Jonson  (Ben),  "Peek-bo,"  85,  153;    «  The  Captain" 
in    'Neptune's   Triumph,'    184;     one   of    Bacon's 
"good  pens,"  469 

Jordangate  at  Macclesfield,  448,  537 
Jowett  and  Whewell,  epigrams  on,  275,  353 
Junius  Letters  and  Richard,  Earl  Temple,  285 
Justices  of  the  Peace  and  use  of  cockades,  407 
K.  (0.)  on  Esquire  in  Scotland,  109 
K.  (J.  W.)  on  glass  painters,  67 
K.  (L.  L.)  on  Roger  Casement,  309 
Copying  press,  488 
Cox"(  Leonard),  65 
Fairbank  (Sir  Thomas),  95 
Flying  bridge,  406 
Kaboose,  214 
Pelican  myth,  431 

'  Times  '  correspondents  in  Hungary,  108 
Kaboose,  use  of  the  word,  106,  214 
IKant  (I.),  his  descent,  488 
Kathit,  meaning  of  the  word,  368 
Kaye  (W.  J.)  on  Duchesa  Sarah,  149 

Jenkinson  (John),  328 
Kean  (Edmund),  his  descent,  35 
Keats    (J.),   owl   and    Athenian  admiral  in    '  Endy- 

mion,'  9 
Keene   (H.    G.),    his   '  Fragment  of  Omar   Khiam,' 

322 

Kelsey  or  De  Keleseye  family,  188,  275 
Kelvin  ( Lord)  on  the  tides,  269 
Kent  (M.  A.),  tablet  in  Buxton  Church  to,  133 
Kentish  custom  on  Easter  Day,  15 
Kerne  (John),  Dean  of  Worcester,  o.  1539,  389 
Kettle  (B.)  on  parish  documents,  512 
Khaki,  its  introduction,  207,  253 
Killed  by  a  look,  169,  257 
King  (Sir  C.  S.)  on  Bishop  of  Man  imprisoned,  1722, 

487 

King  (F.)  on  Audyn  or  Audin  family,  18 
Bailiff  of  Eagle,  46 
Epitaphiana,  322 

False  quantities  in  Parliament,  326 
King  (W.  B.)  on  Willock  of  Bordley,  188 
King  (W.  F.  H.)  his  '  Classical  and  Foreign  Quota- 

tions,'  281,  351 

Kingsford  ( B.)  on  Pinkett,  427 
Kingsford  ( W.  B.)  on  "  There's  not  a  crime,"  14 

Dyer  (Sir  Edward),  32 
Kiplin  or  Kipling  family,  269 
Kirklington  Barrow,  its  opening,  246 
Kissing  gates,  origin  of  the  name,  328,  395 
Knowles  (Herbert),  born  at  Gomersal,  1798,  489 
Kolliwest,  the  word  in  Mid- Cheshire,  9 
Xom  Ombo  on  German- English  dictionary,  9 


Krebs  (H.)  on  Bacon  and  the  drama,  129 

Electron,  225 

Gwyneth,  255 

Whitsunday    in    the    'Anglo-Saxon    Chronicle,' 
313 

'  Wilhelm  Meister,'  57 
Krueger  (G.)  on  Agnostic  poets,  528 

Antiquary  v.  antiquarian,  174 

Browning's  "thunder-free,"  194 

Cowper,  149 

JET  in  Cockney,  491 

Hell,  Heaven,  and  Paradise,  354 

"  Honest  broker,"  452 

Kaboose,  214 

Pamela  ;  Pamela,  90 

Shakespeariana,  523 

Step-brother,  473 

Trooping  the  colours,  116 
Kuroki  (General),  his  origin,  347 
Kyd  (Stewart),  his  youngest  daughter,  407 
Kyd  (T.)  on  Hell,  Heaven,  and  Paradise,  355 
Kyllyngworth  (Mr.),  his  wonderful  beard,  166 
L.  (D.  C.)  on  St.  Ninian'a  Church,  68 
L.  (F.   de  H.)  on  Governor  S:ephenson  of  Bengal. 

437 

L.  (G.  P.)  on  woolmen  in  the  fifteenth  century,  514 
L.  (H.  P.)  on  cursals,  509 

Trooping  the  colours,  116 
L.  (L.)  on  school  company,  352 
L.  (M.  C.)  on  Countess  of  Carbery,  248 

Scotch  words  and  English  commentators,  193 
L.  (R.  M.)  on  longest  telegram,  176 
L.S.  appended  to  name  of  solicitor,  428,  517 
L.  (W.  J.)  on  dog-names,  470 

Lemans  of  Suffolk,  248 

Mohun  (Major),  the  actor,  485 

Steward  monument  at  Bradford-on- Avon,  44 1 

Theatre-building,  328 
Lamb  (C.),  identity  of  "  Phil  Elia,"  527 
Lamberton  Toll,  marriages  at,  516 
Lambeth,  term  of  tenure,  173 
Lamont  harp,  71,  132 
Lanarth  or  Llanarth,  barony  of,  212 
Lancashire  toast,  its  authorship,  10,  58 
Lane  (Anna  Catherina)=John  Coulson,  269 
Lang  (Andrew)  on  author  of  '  St.  Johnstoun,'  407 
Langford  (H.  G.)  on  Shakespeariana,  344 
Langridge  (Nicholas),  Fellow  'of  Winchester  College, 

45, 116 

Langton  (T.)  on  Johnson  and  the  letter  Ht  446 
Las  Palmas,  inscriptions  at,  155 
Lassa,  Hue  and  Gabet's  account,  29 
Latham  (E.)  on  author  of  quotations,  295 
French  proverbial  phrases,  404 
Gaboriau's  '  Marquis  d'Angival,'  58 

"  Honest  broker,"  452 
Hugo's  '  Les  Abeilles  Impe'riales,'  57 
Latin  quotations,  110,  276 

La  Tour  d'Auvergne,  Premier  Grenadier  of  France,  52 
Laughton  (J.  K.)  on  Cape  Bar  men,  346 
French  heraldry,  267 

Grievance  Office  :  John  Le  Keux,  207,  413 
Naval  action  of  1779,  271 
Poem  by  H.  F.  Lyte,  351 
Tricolour,  290 
Laurel  spared  by  lightning,  193 


558 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  28, 1905. 


Laurence  (John),  writer  on  gardening,  246 
Lawrance  (K.  M.)  on  biography  of  epitaphs,  534 
Greig,  Admiral  Sir  Samuel,  173 
Lament  harp,  71 
Lancashire  toast,  10 
Mesmerism  in  the  Dark  Ages,  168 
Lawrence  (R.  G.)  on  Woffington,  88 
Lawrence  (SirT.),  commemoration  tablet,  425 
Lawrence  (W.  J. )  on  Jenny  Cameron  of  Lochiel,  447 
Drama,  early,  in  Chester,  29 
Locke's  music  for  '  Macbeth,'  142 
Purcell's  music  for  '  The  Tempest,'  164,  329 
Walker  (Thomas),  in  Dublin,  247 
Woffington  (Peg),  her  portraits,  226 
Lawrence-Hamilton  (J.)  on  Britain's  tithe  of  fish,  187 
Leader :  leading  article,  origin  of  the  terms,  345 
Lean  (Vincent  fetuckey)  and  Maclean  family,  466 
Leche  family,  348 

Lee  (A.  C.)  on  '  The  Oxford  Sausage,'  227 
Lee  (G.  E.)  on  Coutances  and  Winchester,  231 
Leeper  (A.)  on  "  beatific  vision,"  7 

O'Neill  seal,  539 

Lefroy  (H.)  on  Lefroy  family,  529 
Lefroy  family,  529 

Lega-Weekes(E. )  on  Axstede  ware,  149 
Fulling  days,  389 
Lambeth,  173 
Manchet,  328 
Plurality  of  office,  527 

Legal  precedents,  book  of,  1725-50,  365,  437 
Legg  (John),  Wiltshire  naturalist,  <?.  1780,  291 
Leicester,  "  Eiding  of  St.  George  "  at,  511 
Leicester  Square,  "  Great  Globe  "  at,  529 
Leigh  (R.  A.  A.)  on  Eton  lists,  107 
Leighton  (H.  R.)  on  Bennett  family,  9 
Leitb,  Thomas  Gladstone  and  bread  riots  in,  388 
Le  Keux  and  Grievance  Office,  207,  374,  413,  537 
Leman  family  of  Suffolk,  248,  317 
Lesk  or  Lisk  family,  68,  433 
Leslie  (J.  H.)  on  Royal  Artillery  officers,  528 
L'Espec  (Sir  Walter)  and  Richard  Speke,  287,  513 
Lethieullier  (Smart),  his  MSS  ,  508 
Lewjs  (General  C.  Algernon),  first  commission,  17 
Lewisham,  demolition  of  Colfe's  Almshouses,  324 
'Liber  Landaventds,'  twelfth-century  MS.,  149 
Licence  :  license,  the  spelling,  484 
Lichfield  Cathedral,  semi-effigies  in,  269,  434 
Light  called  "  Trill  upon  my  Harp,"  148 
Lincoln,   arms   of  city   and  see,  37;  Roman    guards 

removed  from  Palestine  to,  469 
Lincolnshire,  folk  medicine  in,  446 
Lincoln's  Inn  Fields,  laying  out  of,  27 
Linen,  bed  and  table,  Oliver  Cromwell's,  268 
Lingen  and  Ingram  families,  487 
Links  with  the  past,  286,  407 
Linley  (Francis),  blind  Freemason,  269 
Lion,  story  of  Ephis  and  his,  448 
Lisbon,  English  burial-ground  at,  448 
Lisk  or  Lesk  family,  68,  433 

Littlemore  (Prioress  of),  letter  to  John  Fettiplace,  335 
Lloyd  (L.)  on  brass  in  Winslow  Church,  388 
Lobishome  in  Portugal,  15 

Local  Records  Committee  Report,  267,  330,  414,  476 
"Loci  tenentes,"  use  of  the  plural,  128 
Locke   (Matthew),   music    for    'Macbeth,'    142:    for 
'  Tempest,'  165,  270 


Lockhart's  'Spanish  Ballads,'  errors  in  'Song  of  the 

Galley,'  206 

Logan  (John),  the  couplet  "  In  every  pang,"  166 
Logan  (Mrs.  Eliza),  author  of  '  St.  Johnstoun,'  407 
Loggan  (David),  British  mezzotinter,  521 
London,  illustrations  of  Dickensian,  49  ;  topography 

of  ancient,  58  ;  wrestling  match  in,  122,  181 
London,  vanishing  :  Camden  Town,  Hampstead  Road, 
Tottenham   Court  Road,    Tottenham  Street,  125  J 
Romney's  house,  234 

London  cemeteries  in  1860,  169,  296,  393,  496,  535 
London  statues,  missing,  209 

Longfellow  (H.  W.),  his  religion,  148 ;  essays  on,  22$ 
Lothbury,  its  etymology,  64 
Louis  XIV.,  his  heart  eaten,  346,  496 
Lousy-Low,  derivation  of  place-name,  349 
Loutherbourgh  ( J.  P.  de),  his  paintings,  389 
Lowell  and  Emerson,  inedited  verses,  423 
Lowes  or  Loes  (John),  vicar  executed  for  witchcraft, 

265 

Lowther  Arcade,  its  demolition,  125 
Lucca,  remains  of  Richard  of  Scotland  at,  408 
Lucis  on  Acqua  Tofana,  269 

"  Go  anywhere  and  do  anything,"  8 

I.H.S.,  106 
Ludovico,  painter,  his  identity,  288,  377,  491 
'Lingua,' play,  c.  1662,126 
Lusk  (D.  C.)  on  Liek,  68 
Lyne  (R.  N.)  on  quotation  wanted,  149 
Lynn  (W.  T.)  on  Arago  on  Mewton,  265 

Astronomer,  424 

Bacon  and  the  drama,  195 

Copernicus  and  Mercury,  56 

Whitsunday  in  'Anglo-Saxon  Chronicle,'  166" 

"  Work  like  a  Trojan,"  168 
'  Lyrical  Ballads/  1798,  228 
Lyte  (H.  F.),  his  'Sailor's  Grave,'  327,  351,  493 
Lytton  (Bulwer),  keys  to  his  novels,  489 
M.  on  Khaki,  207 

Spanish  proverb  on  the  orange,  134 

Vaghnatcb,  or  tiger-claw  weapon,  95 
M.A.  and  J.P.,  question  of  precedence,  408 
M.A.Oxon  on  Graham,  274 

Jesso,  288 
M.  (D.)  on  "  Birds  of  a  feather  flock  together,"  8 

School  company,  288 
M.  (H.  A.  St.  J.)  on  electric  telegraph  anticipated,  235- 

Seventeenth-century  phrases,  425 
M.  (J.)  on  'Murray's  Handbook  for  Yorkshire,'  105 
M.  (J.  G.)  on  May  monument,  57 
M.  (J.  P.)  on  Polisman,  108 
M.  (L.)  on  Thackeray  illustrations,  67 
M.  (N.)  &  A.  on  Bottesford,  349 

Dog-names,  101 
M.  (N.)  and  A.  on  Bottesford,  349 

Dog-names,  101 
M.  (P.)  on  Holy  Maid  of  Kent,  268 

Royal  hunting,  469 
M.   (P.  C.  D.)  on  bee  superstitions,  26 

Leche  and  Evelyn  families,  348 

Sporting  clergy  before  the  Reformation,  89 
Mac,  prefix  prohibited  in  Scotland,  466 
Macaulay    (J.    H.),    Latin    translation     of     Gray's- 

'Elegy,' 92 

Macaulay  (T.  B.,  Lord)  on  talented,  24 ; 
Maccoll  (Norman),  his  death,  520 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  2H,  1905. 


INDEX. 


559 


McDonald  family  of  Ireland,  467 

McDonald  of  Murroch,  448 

Macdonough  (Felix  Bryan),  his  biography,  527 

'McElligott  (M.  G.)  on  armorial  visiting  cards,  509 

MacGillean  (A.)  on  Vincent  Stuckey  Lean,  466 

Smart  (George),  528 
McGovern  (J.  B.)  on  'Decameron,'  328 

Killed  by  a  look,  169 

Louis  XIV.'s  heart,  346 

1  Prayer  for  Indifference,'  268 

Spelling  reform,  305 

McKerrow  (R.  B.)  on  phrases  and  reference,  197 
-Mac Michael  (J.  H. )  on  antiquary  v.  antiquarian,  174 

Bailiff  of  Eagle,  134 

Battle  of  Spurs,  518 

Bears  and  boars  in  Britain,  489 

Beating  the  bounds,  113 

Beer  sold  without  a  licence,  71 

Black  Dog  Alley,  Westminster,  118 

Bottesford,  416 

Butcher  Hall  Street,  117 
Chirk  Castle  gates,  357 
Cockade,  537 
Coliseums  old  and  new,  529 

"Cry  you  mercy,  I  took  you  for  a  joint-stool,"  214 
Cuttwoorkes,  197  t 

Dago,  332 

Dog-bite  cure,  538 

Evil  eye,  156 

Excavations  at  Richborough,  373 

Font  consecration,  336 

Fofeheringay,  215 

•"  Free  Trade  "^smuggling,  317 

41  Get  a  wiggle  on,"  153 

"Goody  Two-Shoes,"  250 

Gordon  epitaph,  134 

Halley  (Kdmurid),  Surgeon,  B.N.,  177 

Harlsey  Castle,  co.  York,  193 

Hazel  or  hessle  pears,  436 

Hermit's  crucifix,  435 

Hertford  borough  seal,  18 

Hessel  (Phoebe),  16 

House,  largest  private  in  England,  133 

Jersey  wheel,  274 

Kentish  custom  on  Easter  Day,  15 

Kissing  gates,  395 

London,  ancient,  58 

London  cemeteries  in  1860,  297,  394,  496,  535 

Ludovico,  491 

Martyrdom  of  St.  Thomas,  273,  432 

Michaelmas  custom,  431 

"Miching  mallicho,"  524 

Mineral  Well?,  Streatham,  315 

Moon  and  the  weather,  35 

Moral  standards  of  Europe,  334 

Mummies  for  colours,  229 

Name  for  University  Women's  Club,  33 

Nine  Maidens,  396 

North  Devon  May  Day  custom,  75 

Northumberland  and  Durham  pedigrees,  351 

Obb  wig,  176 

Pelican  myth,  311,  431 

Penny  wares,  415 

Pin  witchery,  271 

Pincerna  (Richard),  92 

Ramie,  12 


MacMichael  (J.  H.)  on  Rechabite,  314 

Reversion  of  trees,  154 
Roman  tenement  nouses,  73 
"  Saint  "  as  a  prefix,  192 
Seventeenth-century  phrases,  533 

Silk  men:  silk  throwsters,  217 

Statue  discovered  at  Charing  Cross,  448 

"  Sun  and  Anchor"  Inn,  92,  315 

"The  better  the  day  the  better  the  deed,"  17 

Tithing  barn,  477 

Toad  as  medicine,  325 

Trooping  the  colours,  116 

Vaccination  and  inoculation,  313 

"Vine"  Inn,  Highgate  Road,  433 

"  Vine"  Tavern,  Mile  End,  252 

Waggoner's  Wells,  214 

Whitty  tree,  113 

Will's  Coffee-house,  461 
McPike  or  Pike  surname,  249 
McPike  =  Miss  Haley  or  Haly,  467 
McPike(E.F.)onEdmundHalley,surgeon,R.N"., 88,224 

Genealogy  in  America,  63 

Index  Society,  389 

McDonald  family  of  Ireland,  467 

Pike  or  McPike,  249 

Washington  (G.),  his  arms,  417 

William  III.  at  the  Boyne,  453 
Macray  (W.  D.)  on  '  Children  of  the  Chapel,'  33 

Fonts,  desecrated,  112 
Madan  (Martin)  and  W.  Cowper.  1,  42 
'  Magazine  of  Art,'  its  history,  145 
Magna  Charta,  Richard  Clark's  copy,  35 
Magrath  (Dr.  J.  R.),  his  'Flemings  in  Oxford,'  526 
Maidens,  Nine,  andother  stone  circles,  128, 235, 396, 453 
Maikov  (A.  N.),  his  poem  on  the  Council  of  Basle,  18 
Majendie  (S.)  on  St.  Katherine's  by  the  Tower,  307 
Maiden  (A.  R.)  on  epitaphiana,  475 

False  quantities  in  Parliament,  418 

Martyrdom  of  St.  Thomas,  31 
Male,  legal  use  of  the  word,  426,  453,  517 
Malet  (Col.  H.)  on  bell- ringing  on  13  August,  1814,  531 

Martyrdom  of  St.  Thomas,  195 

'  Road  Scrapings,'  117 
Mallet  (David)  and  Bishop  Warburton,  7 
Man,  Isle  of,   Gaelic  inscriptions  in,  44  ;  bishop  im- 
prisoned, 487,  534 
Man  of  Kent  on  kissing  gates,  328 
Manchet,  etymology  of  the  word,  328 
Manor  Courts  and  wills,  226,  353,  437,  536 
Mansfield  (Earl  of),  commemorative  tablet,  425 
Manson  (T.  F.)  on  pawnshop,  354 

Penny  wares,  456 

Publishers'  catalogues,  118 
Manufacturer  on  silesias  :  pocketings,  312 
Manufactures  Building  at  Chicago  World's  Fair,  197 
Manzoni's  'Betrothed,'  translations  of,  169,  238 
ktarble  Arch,  its  history,  226 
larchant  (F.  P.)  on  Bohemian  villages,  86 
Cross  in  the  Greek  Church,  531 
Eggler,  447 

"  Freshman  "  women,  266 
Scribblers,  irresponsible,  136 
Legend  of  Council  of  Constance,  18 
Marchi  (Vincenzo),  Italian  artist,  c.  1870,  468 
Vlargerison  (S.)  on  unrestored  churches,  487 
Marinone  &  Co.,  barometer  by,  346 


560 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  28,  1905. 


Markham  (W.),  bis  'Spelling  Book,'  327,  377,  494 

Marks  (A.)  on  Tyburn,  26 

Marlborough  (Sarah,  first  Duchess  of),   her  brothers 

and  sisters,  149,  211,  257,  372,  413,  494 
Marliani,  his  biography  and  writings,  227 
Marlowe  (Christopher) :  "  Come,  live  with  me,"  89, 

153,  434 

Marquois  scales,  their  invention,  187 
Marsham-Townshend  (R.)  on  English  burial-ground  at 

Lisbon,  448 

Marston  (E.)  on  Oxenham  epitaphs,  368 
Martin  (Mary  Brilliana)=Col.  John  Wall,  309 
Martin  (S.)  on  "a  singing  face,"  133 
"Come,  live  with  me,"  153 
I.H.S.,  191 

Martindale  (J.  A.)  on  white  turbary,  13 
'  Martine  Mar-sixtus '  and  Robert  Greene,  483 
Marvin  (F.  R.)  on  «'  Get  a  wiggle  on,"  274 
Italian  author,  307 
Louis  XIV.'s  heart,  496 

Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  her  descendants,  6  ;  her  harp,  71 
Marylebone  Literary  and  Philosophical  Society,  167 
Mason  (C.)  on  bankrupts  in  1708-9,  487 
Masonicus  on  Lord  Kelvin  on  the  tides,  269 
Masons'  marks.  500 

Mass-meeting,  earliest  use  of  the  term,  250 
Matthews  (A.)  on  Avalon,  411 
Talented,  418 
Tote,  161 

Matthews  (J.  Hobson)  on  Ainsty,  97 
Bible,  old,  152 
Bristol  slave  ships,  193 
English  cardinals'  hats,  96 
Font  consecration,  336 
Fonts,  desecrated,  171 
Phillipps  MSS. :  Beatrice  Barlow,  72 
Maxwell  (Sir  Herbert)  on  desecrated  fonts,  253 
James  I.  of  Scotland,  his  daughters,  56 
St.  Niniau's  Church,  137 

May  on  Northumberland  and  Durham  pedigrees,  331 
May  Day  celebrations,  75 
May  monument  in  Midlavant  Church,  57 
Mayers'  song,  7,  512 

Mayor  (J.  E.  B.)  on  Calvin's  'Institutes,'  1536,  285 
Cowper  (W.),  letters,  1,  42,  82,122,162,  203,  242 
Vicar  executed  for  witchcraft,  265 
Mayor's  seal  used  for  confirmation,  19 
Maze  at  Seville,  508 
Mazzard  Fair  at  Redrutb,  228,  312 
Meats,  flesh  and  shamble,  54 
Medal,  St.  Helena,  9,  95 
Mediculus  on  Acqua  Tofana,  353 

Authors  of  quotations,  49,  289,  388 

Birth  at  sea  in  1805,  512 

"  First  gentleman  in  Europe,"  309 

Free  trade  ^smuggling,  250 

H  in  Cockney,  351 

Mass-meeting,  250 

"Ocular  demonstration,"  189 

Pepys's  '  Diary,'  314 

Phrases  and  reference,  128 

Potts  family,  313 

Psalm-singing  weavers,  194 

Baynolds  (Thomas),  377 

Rockall,  47 

Sexes,  their  disproportion,  315 


Mediculus  on  "  Sit  on  the  body,"  409 

"  Vine  "  Tavern,  Mile  End,  253 
Meignell  (Sir  Hugo),  his  wife,  49 
Melbourne  (Lord),  memorial  brass  at  Hatfield,  526 
Memorial  tablets  on  houses,  369 
Mercury,  the  planet,  and  Copernicus,  56 
Mercury  in  Tom  Quad,  Oxford,  467,  531 
Merivale  (R.)  on  woolmen  in  the  fifteenth  century,  44& 
Mesmerism  in  the  Dark  Ages,  168,  314 
Mezzotinters,  British,  481,  521 
Michaelmas  custom  in  Ireland,  347,  431 
Mile  End,  "  Vine  "  Tavern  at,  167,  218,  252 
Military  officer,  oldest  British,  17 
Milk  used  in  building,  455 

Milner  (Dean)  and  Milner  family  of  Yorkshire,  249,  31 T 
Milton  (J.),  the  hinds  in  Sonnet  XI L,  67,  118 
Minakata  (Kumagusu)  on  eel  folk-lore,  231 

Envied  favourite,  505 

Footprints  of  the  gods,  65 

Stealing  no  crime,  509 

Wooing  staff,  504 
Mineral  Wells  at  Streatham,  228,  315 
Missing  link,  the,  249,  317 
Mistletoe  on  Governor  fc'tephenson  of  Bengal,  539- 

L.S.,  517 

Male,  legal  word,  517 

Manor  Court  of  Edwinstowe,  353 

Nine  Maidens,  235 

Proverbs  in  Waverley  Novels,  37 

Tideswell  and  Tideslow,  152 
Mitchell  (Major  A.  J.)on  regiments  at  Boomplatz.  14S 
Mitchell  (Col.),  longest-service  volunteer,  17 
Mitchiner  (J.H. )  on  quotations,  English  and  Spanish, 308^ 
Mitton  (G.  E.)  on  Fingal  and  Diarmid,  87 
Mocassin,  its  pronunciation,  225,  495 
Mohammed,  date  of  battle  of  Bedr,  409,  475 
Mohun  (Major),  actor,  and  Charles  II.,  485 
Moliere,  verse  translations,  448,  51 6 
Molloy  (Fitzgerald),  '  Romance  of  Irish  Stag,'  247 
Molony  (A.)  on  St.  Helena  Medal,  95       • 
Mondanite  (Madame)  at  Bitle  Cathedral,  149 
Monmouth  (Duke  of),  his  cipher,  347,  411 
Montagu  (Lady  Mary  Wortley)  and  inoculation,  394> 

456,  513 

Montgomeryshire  and  Shropshire  manors,  148,  256 
Monument :  "  A  man  ran  away  into  the  monument,"  37^ 
Moody  (Tom),  song  on  his  death,  228,  295,  398 
Moon  and  the  weather,  35 
Moore  (Una)  on  William  Stanborough,  369 
Moore  (W.)  on  '  Legend  of  the  Purple  Vetch,'  148 
Moral  standards  of  Europe,  1 68,  257,  334 
Morale,  use  of  the  word,  450 
Morland  (G.),  his  grave  at  Hampstead,  49,  137,  276  ; 

and  Corfe  Castle,  207 

Moro,  Fort,  storming  of,  93,  175,  256,  313,  375 
Morris  (H.  C.  L.)  on  Baron  Ward,  296 
Morris  (M.)  on  Bulwer  Lytton's  novels,  489 
Morris  Dancers'  Plantation,  Nottinghamshire,  287 
Mortimer,  his  '  Die  and  be  Damned,'  115 
Mortimer  (Roger),  his  escape,  225 
Mortimer  (W.)  on  John  Pleydell,  188 
Morton  (Nicholas),  his  biography,  206 
Motor  index  marks,  468 
Mount  (C.  B.)  on  psalm-singing  weavers,  128 

"  Pucelle  "  in  1  Henry  VI.,  524 
Mountain,  high,  505 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  28,  1905. 


INDEX. 


561 


Mountain  ash,  its  many  names,  113 
Mozart,  piano  concerto  by,  417 
Mozley  (W.  E.)  on  Fitzgerald  bibliography,  215 
Mugwump,  political  term,  327 

Mulloy  (W.  H.)  on  William  III.  at  Boyne,  370,  415 
Mummies  for  colours,  188,  229 
Municipal  etiquette,  408 
Murray  (Dr.  J.  A.  H.)  on  pawnshop,  267 
Peak  and  Pike,  61,  109 
Peel,  a  mark,  226 
Pelfry,  used  by  Johnson,  267 
Pelham,  a  bridle,  267 
Pelican  myth,  267 
Penny  wares,  369 

'Murray's  Handbook  for  Yorkshire,'  105 
Musquash,  etymology  of  the  word,  46 
Mussuk,  its  use  and  description,  263,  329,  371,  431 
N.  on  bibliography  of  publishing,  12 
N.  (F.)  on  Shropshire  and  Montgomeryshire  manors, 

148 

Nabob,  derivation  of  the  word,  445 
Naker,  derivation  of  the  word,  68,  132 
Names,  common  to  both  sexes,  66,  156  ;   scribbled  on 

historic  buildings,  86,  136 
Napoleon   I.,    St.    Helena   medal,    9,    95 ;  his   horse 

Marengo,  400  j  his  heart,  496 
Napoli,  Acquetta  di,  its  composition,  269,  353 
'Narcissus,  a  Twelfe  Night  Merriment,'  66 
Natalese,  use  of  the  word,  76,  133 
Naval  action  of  1779,  228,  271 
Navew,  use  of  the  word,  500 
Navvy,  derivation  of  the  word,  20 
Neale  (John),  Rector  of  Exeter  College,  135 
Neale  (Thomas),  his  biography,  58,  135 
Nelle  (Thomas),  rector  of  Thenford,  58 
Nelson  and  Warren  decanter,  268 
Nelson  anthology,  287 

Ne  Quid  Nimis  on  Bacon  and  the  drama,  195 
Bacon  or  Usher,  471 
Missing  link,  249 

Shakespeare's  Sonnet  XXVI.,  67,  213 
Nethergorther  Manor,  co.  Shropshire,  256 
Neuch&tel,  Ruskin  at,  348,  512 
Neuville  (Hyde  de),  his  descent,  368 
Nevill  (R.)  on  Cold  Harbour,  14 
Newcastle,  first  Mayor  of,  409,  496 
Newspaper,  first  daily  ocean,  96,  157 
Newton  (A.)  on  Wiltshire  naturalist,  C.  1780,  291 
Newton  (Sir  Isaac),  Arago  on,  265 
Nicholson  (E.)  on  prescriptions,  355 
Nine  Maidens,  and  other  stone  circles,  128,  235,  396, 

453 

Nonsense  verses  :  "I  saw  a  fish  pond  all  on  fire,"  182 
Norman,  schoolmaster,  1682,  447 
Norman  (P.)  on  "  Vine  "  Tavern,  Mile  End,  167 
Norman  (W.)  on  Nicholas  Billingsley,  167 

Publishers'  Catalogues,  518 
North  Midland  on  dog-names,  234 
Northburgh  family,  '  D.N.B.'  on,  244,  377 
Northern  and  Southern  pronunciation,  256, 317, 393, 538 
Northumberland  and  Durham  pedigrees,  268,  331,351 
Novels,  three  volumes  v.  one  volume,  427 
Nursery  rimes  :  "  A  shoulder  of  mutton  brought  home 
from  France,"  48,  158, 236,  292,  374  ;  "  There  was  a 
man,  a  man  indeed,"  111  ;  "  Yankee  Doodle  went  to 
town,"  480  ;  "An  old  woman  went  to  market,"  502 


Nyren  (M.)  on  Hone,  a  portrait,  68 
O,  prefix,  prohibited  in  Ireland,  466 
O.  on  dog-names,  1 50 
Eel  folk-lore,  331 
Oak,  historic  Cumberland,  285 
Oakham  Castle  and  its  horseshoes,  445 
Oaks,  their  age,  266 
Obb  wig,  its  meaning,  50,  176 
Obituaries : — 

Arnott  (Rev.  Samuel),  140 
Boswell-Stone  (W.  G.),  480 
Cowper  (Benjamin  Harris),  60 
Dilke  (Lady),  360 
Heelis  (John  Loraine),  100 
Inderwick(F.  A.),  179 
Maccoll  (Norman),  520 
Parish  (Rev.  William  Douglas),  279 
Weston  (Col.  Hunter),  179 
Oblivious,  inaccurate  use  of  the  word,  446,  518 
Ocean  newspaper,  first  daily,  96,  157 
Officer,  oldest  British  military  and  naval,  17,  528 
Ohem  on  Milton's  Sonnet  XII.,  118 
O'Higgins  (Don  Bernardo),  his  career,  313 
Oldham  (H.  J.)  on  '  Prayer  for  Indifference,'  437 
Oldmixon,  schoolmaster,  1682,  447 
Oliver  (Andrew)  on  closets  in  Edinburgh  buildings,. 

154 

Crucifix,  one-armed,  294 
Fonts,  desecrated,  254,  292 
"Hanged,  drawn,  and  quartered,"  98 
House  of  Commons,  its  Journal,  312 
Mazzard  Fair,  312 
Morland's  grave,  137 
Omar  Khayyam,  earliest  mention   in  Europe,   322,. 

398 

O'Neill  (Comte  de  Tyrone)  on  O'Neill  seal,  287 
O'Neill  seal,  287 
Onion  as  cure  for  toothache,  447 
Orange,  Spanish  proverb  on  the,  134 
Orford    (Admiral    Earl    of),    commemorative   tablet,,. 

425 

Orotava,  Tenerife,  inscriptions  at,  1 55 
Orton  (0.  W.  P.)  on  Uncle  Remus  in  Tuscany,  183 
Orvieto,  St.  Patrick  at,  118 
Osleston  Manor,  co.  Derby,  256 
Ostrich  eggs  at  Burgos,  474,  510 
Owen  (John)  and  Archbishop  Williams,  146 
Owen  (J.  P.)  on  "  Loci  tenentes,"  128 

Sanguis,  143 

Owl  and  Athenian  Admiral  in  Keats's  'Endymion,'  9 
Oxenham  epitaphs,  368,  411,  509 
Oxford,   May  Day  celebrations  at,   75  ;  Mercury  in> 
Tom  Quad,  467,  531 ;  Brasenose  College  statue,  532- 
Oxford  (seventeenth  Earl  of).     See  Vere. 
Oxford  on  '  Steer  to  the  '  Nor'-Nor'-West,'  427 
Oxford  almanac  designers,  428,  512 
Oxo  on  parish  clerk,  373 
P.  (A.  W.)  on  Browning  Societies,  67 
P.  (F.)  on  Saint  as  a  prefix,  193 

Spelling  reform,  451 
P.  (F.  R.)  on  croquet  or  tricquet,  8 
P.  (J.  B.)  on  '  Assisa  de  Tolloneis,'  451 
Great  Seal  in  gutta-percha,  628 
Lord  High  Treasurer's  accounts,  368 
Pope  (Samuel),  his  marbled  paper,  468 
P.  (W.  W.)  on  cross  in  the  Greek  Church,  469 


562 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  28,  1905. 


Packington(  William),  Anglo-Norman  Chronicle  by,  41 
Page  (J.  T.)  on  bathing-machines,  130 

Cawood  family,  515 

Coliseums  old  and  new,  530 

Coutts  (Messrs  ),  their  removal,  232  ' 

Dog-names,  470 

Dyer  (Sir  Edward),  33 

English  cardinals'  hats,  96 

Epitaphiana,  396,  531 

Fonts,  desecrated,  255 

Fotheringay,  215 

Heacham  pariah  officers,  335 

Hessel  (Phoebe),  74 

Kissing  gates,  395 

London  cemeteries  in  1860,  393,  535 

Martyrdom  of  St.  Thomas,  196 

Northern  and  Southern  pronunciation,  317 

Oakham  Castle  and  its  horseshoes,  445 

Parish  clerk,  215 

Parish  documents,  415,  535 

Peek-bo,  153 

Rebecca  of  « Ivanhoe,'  94 

Rules  of  Christian  life,  335 

Scribblers,  irresponsible,  86 

Shipton  (Mother),  17 

Tenth  sheaf,  454 

Vaccination  and  inoculation,  132 

"Vine"  Tavern,  Mile  End,  218 

Washington  (George),  his  arms,  417 

Wesley  family,  427 

Westminster  Hall  flooded,  126 
Painters  on  glass,  67 
Painting  on  glass,  old  receipt  for,  284 
•Paisley  Annual  Miscellany,'  1612,  8 
Pall  Mall  on  Marble  Arch,  226 
Palmer  (A.  Smythe)  on  dog-names,  470 
Palmer  (E.)  on  Sir  Edward  Dyer,  33 

"  Speak  with  the  tongue  in  the  cheek,"  148 
Palmer  (J.  Foster)  on  old  Bible,  152 

Missing  link,  317 

Tideswell  and  Tideslow,  152 

Vaccination  and  inoculation,  513 
Pamela  or  Pamela,  its  pronunciation,  50,  89,  196 
Panneil  (C.)  on  broom  squires,  145 
Panoramas  in  London,  485,  529 
Papers,  official  use  of  the  word,  532 
Paradise,  Heaven,  and  Hell  as  place-names,  354,  533 
Paragraph  mark,  its  origin,  301,  449,  496 
Parallel  passages  :  Pope,   Gray,  Collins,   and  Camp- 
bell, 526 

Paraphernalia,  use  of  the  word,  46 
•Pardons  granted  by  kings,  21 
Parish  (Rev.  William  Douglas),  his  death,  279 
Parish  clerks,  stories  concerning,  128,  215,  373 
Parish  constable,  his  duties,  336,  371,  431 
Parish  documents,  their  preservation,  267,  330,  414, 

476,512,535 

Parish  officers,  247,  335,  371,  431 
Parliament,  classics  quoted  in,  326,  418 
Parragen,  meaning  of  the  word,  426,  533 
Parry  (Col.  G.  S.)  on  curious  Christian  names,  375 
Inscriptions  at  Las  Palmas  and  Orotava,  155 
Parry  (Henry),  '  D.N.B.'  on,  425 
Paste,  earliest  use  of  term,  19,  72,  137 
Patching  (J.)  on  county  tales,  111 
Paton  (H.)  on  Col.  Sir  John  Cumming,  269 


"  Paules  Fete,"  a  measure,  87,  138 
Pawnshop,  earliest  use  of  the  word,  267,  354 
Pazziazzi  or  Paziazi  (M.  von),  his  'Voice  from  the 

Danube,'  109 
Peach  (H.  H.)  on  cast-iron  chimney-back,  296 

Galileo  portrait,  492 
Peachey  (G.  C.)  on  Coutances  and  Winchester,  154 
Peacock  (E.)  on  beer  sold  without  a  licence,  9 

Blood  used  in  building,  455 

Children  at  executions,  346 

Font  consecration,  336 

Higgins  (Godfrey),  276 

Kissing  gates,  395 

Martyrdom  of  St.  Thomas,  274 

Pin  witchery,  272,  376 

Roman  guards  from  Palestine  to  Lincoln,  469 

"  Sun  and  Anchor  "  Inn,  132 

Peacock  (J.  E.  O.  W.)  on  folk -medicine  in  Lincoln- 
shire, 446 

Peak  and  pike,  relationship  of  the  words,  61,  109,  172 
Pearmain,  derivation  of  the  word,  327 
Pears  :  hazel  or  hessle,  349,  436  ;  Worry  Carle,  436 
Pearweeds,  derivation  of  word,  327 
Pedigrees:  Portuguese,   167,  255;   Northumberland 

and  Durham,  268,  331,  351 
Peel,  a  mark,  use  of  the  word,  226 
Peek-bo,  its  early  use,  85,  153 
Peet  (W.  H.)  on  dog-names,  470 

'  Goody  Two  Shoes,'  250 

Parish  documents,  330 
Pelfry,  used  by  Dr.  Johnson,  267 
Pelham,  a  bridle,  its  origin,  267 
Pelican  myth,  first  mention,  267,  310,  429,  497 
Pembroke  (eighth  Earl  of),  his  children,  228 
Penny  (F.)  on  "giving  the  hand"  in  diplomacy,  251 

William  III.  at  the  Boyne,  416 
Penny  a  year  rent  at  Hampstead,  186 
Penny  wares,  earliest  mention,  369,  415,  456 
Pepys  (S.)  on  365  children,  314  ;  pronunciation  of  the 

name,  500 

Peri,  a  Guiana  term,  306 

Perks  (S.)  on  closets  in  Edinburgh  buildings,  89 
Pertinax  on  poem  by  H.  F.  Lyte,  327 
Pettus  (Col.  Thomas),  c.  1638,  his  parentage,  468 
Pevensey,  Mayors  of,  111 
Phillimore  (W.  P.  W.)  on  Falkneror  Faulkner  family, 

168 

PhilHpps  MSS.,  their  dispersal,  28,  72 
Phipps  (Col.  R.)  on  Premier  Grenadier  of  France,  52 
Phoenicians  at  Falmouth,  469,  518 
Pickering  (Sir  Gilbert),  his  pedigree,  421 
Pickford  (J.)  on  Sir  Edwin  Arnold,  286 

Bathing-machines,  131 

Closets  in  Edinburgh  buildings,  154 

Dog-names,  151,  234,  470 

Duchess  Sarah,  414,  494 

Epitaphiana,  323 

Epitaphs  :  their  bibliography,  194,  534 

'  Experiences  of  a  Gaol  Chaplain,'  330 

'  Flemings  in  Oxford,'  526 

Fonts,  desecrated,  254 

Germain  (Lady  Elizabeth),  156 

Gray's  '  Elegy '  in  Latin,  92 

Isabelline  as  a  colour,  477 

Joannes  v.  Johannes,  189,  355 

Mercury  in  Tom  Quad,  Oxford,  532 


Notei  and  Queries,  Jan.  28, 1905. 


INDEX. 


563 


Pickford  (J.)  on  'Oxford  Sausage,'  227 
Peak  and  pike,  110,  172 
Pitt  Club,  211 

Proverbs  in  the  Waverley  Novels,  37 
"  See  how  the  grand  old  forest  dies,"  487 
Sex  before  birth,  235,  313 
Westminster  School  boarding  houses,  333 
William  III.  at  the  Boyne,  370,  416 
Witham,  474 
Pierpoint  (R)  on  dog-names,  233,  469 

Epitaphs  :  their  bibliography,  57,  533 
"  Fay  ce  que  vouldras,"  186 
Flaying  alive,  14 
Gray's  '  Elegy  '  in  Latin,  175 
Joannes  v.  Johannes,  477 
"  Miching  mallicho,"  344 
Pamela,  196 
Paste,  72 

Premier  Grenadier  of  France,  52 
Howitt  (S.),  painter,  49 
Trial  of  Queen  Caroline,  16 

Pierrepont  monuments,  149,  295,  350.    See  Holme. 
Pigeon  English  at  home,  77 

Pigott  (Thomas),  of  Dublin,  his  family,  113,  176,  257 
Pigott  (W.  J.)  on  Sir  Anthony  Jackson,  529 

Pigott  (Thomas),  176 
Pike  or  McPike  surname,  249 
Pike  and  peak,  relationship  of  the  words,  61,  109, 172 
Pile  (J.)  on  Airault,  68 
Pilgrims'  Ways,  129,  212 
Pin  witchery,  205,  271 
Pincerna  family,  90 

Pink  (W.  D.)  on  Edward  Colston,  Jun.,  228 
Pinkett,  use  of  the  word,  427 
Pitt  clubs,  their  history,  149,  210 
Pittite  on  Pitt  Club,  149 

Pitts  (Josh.),  book  of  legal  precedents,  1748,  365 
Platt  (I.  H. )  on  Shakespeare's  grave,  292 

Shakespeariana,  523 

Platt  (J.),  Jun.,  on  Algonquin  element  in  English,  42 
Amban,  131 
Bananas,  409 

Cape  Dutch  language,  126 
"  Chego  "  at  the  Zoo,  446 
Gipsies :  Chigunnji,  158 
Lockhart's  '  Spanish  Ballads,'  206 
Mocassin,  225 
Musquash,  46 
Mussuk,  371 
Nabob,  445 
Pamela:  Pamela,  90 
Peri,  a  Guiana  term,  306 
Quotations,  English  and  Spanish,  373 
Ramie,  13 

Ravison:  scrivelloes,  292 
Requiem,  a  shark,  85 
Runeberg,  Finnish  poet,  93 
Rupee,  184 

Struthias  (Josephus),  151 
Tomahawk,  387 
Valkyrie,  324 

Pleydell  (John),  Spitalfields  silk  weaver,  188 
Pliny  on  flint  chippings  in  barrows,  188 
Ploughing,  peculiar  in  Wiltshire,  345 
Plurality  of  office  in  thirteenth  century,  527 
Pocketings,  definition  of  tbe  word,  268,  312 


Poet,  "saucy  English,"  and  Sir  W.  Scott,  109,  153 
Poetical  curiosity,  47 
Poeticus  on  Herbert  Knowles,  489 
Poets,  agnostic,  528 

Poland  (Sir  H.  B.)  on  bathing-machines,  230 
Mesmerism  in  the  Dark  Agea,  314 
Tweedle-dum  and  Tweedle-dee,  7 
Webster  (Daniel),  472 
Polisman,  '  Historia  del  Valoroso  Cavalier  Polisman,* 

108 

Politician  on  closure-by-compartment,  106 
Conscience  money,  227 
"  Giving  the  hand"  in  diplomacy,  126 
Mugwump,  327 

Pollard  (H.  P.)  on  rectors  of  Buckland,  Herts,  227 
Pollard  (H.  T.)  on  Emernensi  Agro,  518 
Pollard  (Matilda)  on  desecrated  fonts,  1 1 2 

Jowett  and  Whewell,  275 

Pollard- Urquhart  (F.  E.  R.)  on  Disraeli   on    Glad- 
stone, 110 

Melbourne  (Lord),  526 
Eichard  of  Scotland,  450 
Semi-effigies,  434 
Pont  (Timothy),  'D.N.B.'  on,  324 
Pontificate,  use  as  a  verb,  173 
Poole  (C.  L.)  on  kolliwest,  9 
Poole  (W.  L.)  on  Madame  Mondanite"  149 
Pope   (Alexander)    pronunciation   of  "tea,"   52;    his 

rendering  of  Homer,  525 
Pope  (Samuel),  his  marbled  paper,  468 
Port  Arthur,  origin  of  its  name,  212,  251 
Porter  (C.  P.)  on  McDonald  of  Murroch,  448 

Pownill,  449 
Portugal,  wehr-wolf  in,  15 
Portuguese  pedigrees,  167,  255 
Postcard,  first  folk-lore,  200 
Potarbo  or  botargo,  its  meaning,  137 
Potts  family,  17,  313 
Potts  (R.  A.)  on  Sir  Edward  Dyer,  33 

Poem  by  Lyte,  351 
Poulton  (Prof.   E.  B.)  on  Dr.  Burchell's   diary   and 

collections,  486 
Pownill,  Perths,  its  locality,  449 
Powpenny,  meaning  of  the  word,  368 
Premier  Grenadier  of  France,  La  Tour  d'Auvergne,  52: 
Prescriptions,  derivation  of  symbols,  56,  291,  355,  492 
Presley  (J.  T.)  on  beer  sold  without  a  licence,  71 
Press,  copying,  introduction  of,  488 
Prevost  (E.  W.)  on  wife  day  :  wife  tea,  287 
Mce  (Richard),  M.P.  for  Beaumaris,  his  birth,  168 
"rideaux  (Col.  W.  F.)  on  antiquary  v.  antiquarian, 

237,  474 

'Bailiff's  Daughter  of  Islington,'  403 
Coleridge  bibliography,  81,  245 
Duchess  Sarah,  211,  257,  413 
Fitzgerald  bibliography,  141 
Fitzgerald's  song  in  Tennyson's  '  Memoir,'  285 
Gipsies :  Chigunnji,  230 
1  Goody  Two-Shoes,'  250 
S  in  Cockney,  390 
Holborn,  457 
Joannes  v.  Johannes,  274 
Khaki,  253 

'Lyrical  Ballads,' 1798,  228 
Mussuk,  329,  431 
1  Prayer  for  Indifference,'  335 


564 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  28,  1905. 


Prideaux  (Col.  W.  F.)  on  Rossetti  bibliography,  464 
Southey's  '  Omniana,'  1812,  305,  530 
Spelling  reform,  450 
Steinman  (G.  Steinman),  416 
Stowe's  « Survey  ' :  Cold  Harbour,  341 
Tennyson's  House,  Twickenham,  324 
"  The  "  as  part  of  title,  524 
Tori,  316 

'Prideaux  (W.   R.  B.)  on  Holme  Pierrepont   parish 

library,  149,  350 

Vaccination  and  inoculation,  456 
Vossius  (Isaac),  his  library,  361 

printing,  Jews  and,  184 

Prior  (B.  J.)  on  humorous  stories,  188 

Prisoners  of  war  in  English  literature,  407 

Program :  programme,  the  spelling,  450 

JPronunciation,  influence  of  railways  on,  36  ;  Northern 
and  Southern,  256,  317,  393,  538 

Propale,  use  of  the  word,  369,  493 

Proverbs:  in  the  Cecil  MSS.,  22;  in  the  Waverley 
Novels,  37  ;  on  honey  and  the  orange,  134 


^Proverbs  and  Phrases : — 
Aching  void,  348 
Among  others,  56 
Balance  of  power,  8,  94 
Beat  sticke,  426,  533 
Beatific  vision,  7 
Bee  in  his  bonnet,  520 
Bird  in  the  hand  or  two  in  the  wood,  23 
Birds  of  a  feather  flock  together,  8,  74 
Bohemian  village  to  me,  86 
Brown  and  Thompson's  Penny  Hotels,  128,  297 
Character  is  fate,  426,  494 
Conscience  money,  227 
Coroner's  cup,  128,  197,  297 
Crocodile's  tears,  23 

Cry  you  mercy,  I  took  you  for  a  joint-stool,  214 
Danceing  the  ropes,  426,  533 
Defaulte  of  his  compliment,  426,  533 
Dogmatism  is  puppyism  grown  older,  520 
Fay  ce  que  vouldras,  186 

Feed  the  brute,  257,  298 

First  kittSo,  149,  296 

Fortune  favours  fools,  365,  491 

Fy  gownes  fy,  shame  gownes  shame,  23 
•Get  a  wiggle  on,  28,  153,  274 

Giving  the  hand,  126 

Go  anywhere  and  do  anything,  8,  32 

Honest  broker,  369,  452 

Humanum  est  errare,  57,  293,  351 

II  parle  Franpais  comme  une  vache  espagnole,  173 

Us  sont  comme  les  cloches,  404 

In  puris  naturalibus,  265 

Jurymen's  cup,  297 

Kick  the  bucket,  75 

Loci  tenentes,  128 

Manager  la  chevre  et  le  chou,  404 

Month's  mind  :  To  have  a  month's  mind,  487 

Moon :  Once  in  a  blue  moon,  80 

Ocular  demonstration,  189 

Onine   malutn   ab    Hispania ;    omne    bonum   ab 

Aquilone,  22 
Oxford  glove,  23 
Pale :  Measured  the  pale,  426,  533 

Past :  Woman  with  a  past,  35 


Proverbs  and  Phrases  :— 

Poeta  nascitur  non  fit,  388 

Penny  sayings,  415 

Psalm-singing  weavers,  128 

Quakers,  wet  and  dry,  128,  197 

Queen  Anne  is  dead.  128 

Sailors'  fingers  are  limed  twigs,  22 

St.   George:    Like    St.    George,   always    in    his 

saddle,  168,511 
St.  Giles's  Cup,  128,  197,  297 
Sit  on  the  body,  409 
Spaniards'  discipline,  426,  533 
Spanish  village  to  me,  86 
Stricken  field,  266 
Strike  while  the  iron  is  hot,  23 
The  better  the  day  the  better  the  deed,  16 
Tongue  in  the  cheek,  148 
Two  strings  to  his  bow,  23 

When  the  steed  is  stolen,  steek  the  stable  door,  23 
Work  like  a  Trojan,  168 
Prowse   (G.   R.  F.)   on   hagiological  terms   used  by 

seamen,  147 
Publishers'  Catalogues,  earliest  known,  50,  118,  357, 

455,  518 

Publishing  and  bookselling,  bibliography  of,  11 
Pulci's  '  II  Morgante  Maggiore '  and  Uncle  Remus, 

183,  276 

Pulpit  at  St.  Peter's  Church,  Wolverhampton,  37,  96 
Pulteney  (Sir  John),  his  Cold  Harbour,  341 
Punctuation,  meaning  of  poetry  altered  by,  183  ;  in 

MSS   and  printed  books,  301,  462 
Purcell    (Henry),    music    for    'Macbeth,'    142;    for 
'Tempest,'  165,  270,  329,  370;  ode  on  his  death, 
261 

Puritans'  Christmas  under  Charles  I.,  505 
Putt,  use  of  the  word,  426,  533 
Puttenham  on  merismus,  464 
Q  (A.  N.)  on  diadems,  65 
Quaker  princess  buried  at  Wisbech,  208,  294 
Quakers,  wet  and  dry,  128,  197 
Quarrell  (W.  H.)  on  Nine  Maidens,  453 
Quartered,  hanged,  and  drawn,  the  punishment,  97 
Quebec  and  Surveillante,  action  between  the  frigates, 

228,  271 

Querist  on  "  Honest  broker,"  369 
Queue,  use  of  the  word  in  English,  77 
Quirinus  on  con-  contraction,  427 


Quotations : — 

A  craiik  is  a  little  thing  that  makes  revolutions,  49 

Ad  majorem  Dei  gloriam,  107,  190 

And  beauty,  born  of  murmuring  sound,  460 

And  morning  brings  its  daylight,  427 

Anglica  gens  est  optima  flens,  405 

Budge  doctors  of  the  Stoic  fur,  460 

Build  a  bridge  of  gold,  188,  295 

Convinced  against  her  will,  426 

Death's  pale  violets,  388 

Defectus  naturae,  error  naturse,  276 

Deorum  sunt  omnia,  111 

Disce  pati,  412 

Dos  besos  tengo  en  el  alma,  308,  373 

Dull  men  in  the  country  bred,  488 

Ego  soleo  hortari  amicos  meos,  ISO 

Es  ist  bestimmt  in  Gottes  Rath,  327,  351,  371 

Errores  primae  coricoctioiiis  raro  corriguntur,  130 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  28,  1905. 


INDEX. 


565 


Quotations : — 

Every  bird  that  sings,  208 

Exemplis  erudimur  omnes  aptius,  276 

Genius   is   a   promontory  jutting   out    into   the 

infinite,  188,  295 
Get  up,  M.  le  Comte,  208 
Good  news  to  those  whose  light  is  low,  528 
Grsecum  est,  non  potest  legi,  281 
Gram  loquitur  :  dia  verba  docet,  281 
Grant  me,  indulgent  Heaven,  309,  434 
Have  you  any  religion  ?  None  to  speak  of,  49 
He  saw  a  world  in  a  grain  of  sand,  488 
Her  mother  she  sells  laces  fine,  260 
Here 's  to  thee  an'  me  an'  aw  on  us,  10 
Hilaris  gens,  cui  libera  mens,  388 
Hoc  habeo,  quodcumque  dedi,  460 
I  have  this  day  practised  the  rule  of  life,  130,  477 
I  lighted  at  the  foot,  347,  412,  535 
Ibi  incipit  fides,  111 
In  adversities  to  compress  murmur,  130 
In  all  she  did,  289 
Inebriated   with   the    exuberance    of    his    own 

verbosity,  67,  110 
Ingeniosus  in  alienis  malis,  130 
Instinct  is  untaught  ability,  49,  158 
Jam  mansueta  mala,  130 
Jesus  Hominum  Salvator,  106, 190 
Laus  sequitur  fugientem,  276 
Magnum  vectigal  est  parsimonia,  326,  418 
Man  is  immortal  till  his  work  is  done,  20 
Meditation  is  the  science  of  the  saints,  49 
Mr.  Pilblister  and  Betsy  his  sister,  408 
Multis  annis  jam  peractis,  476 
My  mind  to  me  a  kingdom  is,  32 
Natura  semper  intendit  quod  est  optimum,  276 
No  man  could  be  so  wise  as  Webster  [Thurlow" 

looked,  407,  472 

Nor  billows  roll  nor  wild  winds  blow,  149 
Nothing  is  so  stifling  as  perpetual  symmetry,  188 
Omnia  mea  desideria,  labores  omnes,  130 
Omnis  morbus  contra  romplexionatum,  130 
Our  bootless  host  of  high-born  beggars,  153 
Pitt  had  a  great  future  behind  him,  49,  158 
Rustica  gens  est  optima  flens,  405 
Scientia  non  habet  inimicum,  111 
See  how  the  grand  old  forest  dies,  487 
Sentis  ut  sapiens,  loqueris  ut  vulgus,  HO 
Si  vis  amari,  ama,  281 
Sic  volo,  sic  jubeo,  380 
Singing  face,  87,  133 
So  when  at  last  by  slow  degrees,  388 
Stat  crux  dum  volvitur  orbis,  281 
Sum  similior  ambigenti,  130 
Tell  me,  my  Cicely,  why  so  coy,  428 
The  generations  shall  become  weaker  and  wiser,38 
The  gratitude  of  a  patient  ispartof  his  disease,  38 
The  hectic  flush  had  mounted  its  bloody  flag,  38 
The  rule  of  the  road  's  an  anomaly  quite,  467 
The  tree  of  knowledge  is  not  that  of  life,  540 
The  world 's  a  bubble,  407,  471 
There  are  only  two  secrets  a  man  cannot  keep,  7 
There  is  a  lone,  lone  sea,  327 
There  's  not  a  crime,  14 
This  world  is  a  good  one  to  live  in,  26 
Though  lost  to  sight,  to  memory  dear,  345 
Transeat  hoc  quoque  inter  fugacia  bona,  130 


notations : — 

Turpe  mori  post  te  solo,  281 

Two  constant  lovers  joined  in  one,  289 

Ubi  lapsus,  quid  feci  ?  281 

Virtue is  Peregrina  in  terris,  130 

Vivit  post  funera  virtus,  276,  281,  351 

Vox,  et  praBterea  nihil,  281 

Wave  may  not  foam,  149,  276 

When   she  was  good,  she  was  very,   very  good, 

528 

Whose  changing  mound  and  foam,  9 
Will  your  pulse  quicken  ?  388 
With  mind  unwearied  still  will  I  engage,  308 
1.  on  Margaret  Biset,  71 
K.  (A.  F.)  on  link  with  the  past,  286 

Tea  as  a  meal,  17 
R.  (D.  M.)  on  Hand,  493 
R.  (F.  H.)  on  '  Tracts  for  the  Times,'  398 
I.  (J.  F.)  on  bathing-machines,  130 
'Decameron,'  396 
Tenth  sheaf,  493 
Winter  (Rev.  Richard),  412 
U.  (N.  E.)  on  spirit  manifestations,  388 
ft.  (P.  N.)  on  Markham's  Spelling- Book,  494 
R.  (W.  F.)  on  rarison  :  scrivelloes,  452 
Radcliffe  (A.  N.)  on  heraldic,  408 
Radford  (W.  L.)  on  Sir  Walter  1'Espec,  513 
Railways,  their  influence  on  pronunciation,  36 
*  Ralph  Koister  Doister,'  peculiar  poetry  in,  182 
Ram,  black,  riding  the,  173 
Ramie,  its  growth  and  manufacture,  12,  94 
Ramsay  (Allan),  authorship  of  '  Hardyknute,'  386* 

425,  536 

Ranee  (A.  K.)  on  Acqua  Tofana,  353 
Randolph  (J.  A.)  on  martyrdom  of  St.  Thomas,  31 

Refectories,  first-floor,  237 
Randolph  (T.),  '  Jealous  Lovers '  acted  at  St.  Alban's- 

Grammar  School,  126 
Ratcliffe  (T.)  on  Bradlaugh  medal,  348 
Bringing  in  the  Yule  ' '  clog,"  507 
Broom  squire,  198 

Christmas  carols  :  waits  :  guisers,  504 
Conditions  of  sale,  269 
'Dukery  Becords,'  126 
Jersey  wheel,  208 
Pin  witchery,  205 
Psalm-singing  weavers,  194 
Rules  of  Christian  life,  335 
Ravison,  meaning  of  the  word,  227,  292,  452 
Raye,  meaning  of  the  word,  368 
Rayner  (R.)  on  American  Order  of  the  Dragon,  412.' 
Raynolds  (T.)  physician,  c.  1545,  88,  377 
Read  (F.  W.)  on  pelican  myth,  430 
Read  (Katharine),  d.  1779,  portrait  painter,  522 
Reade  (A.  L.)  on  Mary  Shakespeare,  94 
Reade  (Charles),  his  grandmother,  344 
"  Reaper  Death,  the  great,"  146 
Red  Cross  on  Bunney,  115 
Reduce,  earliest  military  use,  266 
Refectories,  first  floor,  167,  237,  353 
Reggio  (Pietro),  Shadwell's  eulogium,  270 
Reichel  (0.  J.)  on  Tides  well  and  Tideslow,"95 

Woffington,  174 
Relton  (F.  H.)  on  Mary  Carter,  513 

Duchess  Sarah,  211,  372,  414,  494 
Remus,  Uncle,  in  Tuscany,  183,  276 


566 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  28,  1905. 


Requiem,  a  shark,  85 

Reverend  Esquires,  instance  in  1804,  307 

Reversion  of  trees,  88,  153 

Reynolds  (John  Hamilton)  and  Thomas  Hood,  67 

Reynolds  (Sir  Joshua)  and  Valentine  Green,  521 

Reynolds  (Robert),  of  Winchester  College,  1556,  45 

Richard  of  Scotland,  bis  identity,  408,  449 

Richards  (W.  J.)  on  clock  by  W.  Franklin,  448 

Richborough,  excavations  at,  289,  373 

Richter,  Caxton's  use  of  the  word,  146 

Riddle  :  Little  Miss  Etticott,  182 

Rigadoon,  derivation  of  the  word,  65 

Ring,  episcopal,  found  at  Sibbertoft,  188 

Rivers  (J.)  on  Kant's  descent,  488 

'Road  Scrapings,'  series  of  etchings,  69,  117 

Robbins  (A.  F.)  on  Britain  as  "  Queen  of  Isles,"  365 
Buzzing,  167 

Leading  article  :  leader,  345 
Military  officer,  oldest,  17 
Prisoners  of  war  in  English  literature,  407 
Proverbs,  their  history,  22 
"  Working  class"  officially  defined,  146 

Roberts,  "Field  Marshall,  the  Lord,"  1644,  245 

Roberts  (W.)  on  C.  Ma.  H.  V.,  448 
Evans  (David),  D.D.,  408 
Italian  artists,  modern,  468 

Robertson  (Ian)  on  Sin  cockney,  307 

Robeitson  (J.  C.)  on  William  Robertson,  427 

Robertson  (William)=Helen  Miller,  427 

Robin  Hood's  Stride,  near  Stanton-in-the-Peak,  246 

Robinia  on  Nine  Maidens,  453 

Rock  all  bibliography,  47 

Rogers  (J.)  on  Walney  Island  names,  56 

Roman  guards  removed  from  Palestine  to  Lincoln,  469 

Roman  tenement  houses,  73 

Ropemakers'  Alley,  Little  Moorfields,  426 

Ropemakers'  Alley  Chapel,  Little  Moorfields,  33 

Rose   (D.  M.)   on   descendants   of  Waldef  of  Cum- 
berland, 241,  412 

Rose  (W.  F.)  on  ravison  :  scrivelloes,  227 

Ross  (T.)  on  stob,  409 

Rossetti  (D.  G.), '  Lost  Days,'  and  '  Down  Stream,'464 

Rossi  (Lucio),  Italian  artist,  c.  1870,  468 

Rotton  (J.  F.)  on  Treaty  of  Utrecht,  52? 

Roullier  on  corks,  392 

Roundell  (Richard  Henry),  arms  and  book-plate,  186 

Rowe  (A.  F.)  on  step-brother,  38 

Royal  Artillery  officers  inquired  after,  528 

Royal  hunting  adventures,  469 

Rudd  (Sir  Antony)  =  Beatrice  Barlow,  29 

Rudkin  and  Bernard  families,  421 

Rue,  its  curative  virtues,  538 

Rule  of  the  road,  467 

'  Rules  for  Compositors  and  Readers,'  305,  450 

Rules  of  Christian  life,  129,  255,  335 

Runeberg,  Finnish  poet,  English  translation,  9,  93 

Rupee,  plural  form,  184 

Rushton  (W.  L.)  on  Shakespeare's  books,  464 

Ruskin  (J.),  quotation  in  'Modern  Painters,'  8;  at 
Neuchfttel,  348,  512 

Russell  (A.)  on  Mrs.  Arkwright  and  «  Pirate'*  Fare- 

\    well,' 448 

Russell  (F.  A.)  on  Butcher  Hall  Street,  117 

K-    St.  George,  512 

Russell  (Lady)  on  dog-names,  150,  233 
L'Espec  (Sir  Walter),  287 


Russell  (Lady)  on  thinking  horse,  281 

Russian  Baltic  fleet  blunder,  425 

Russian  navy,  Scotch  officers  in,  173 

Rutland  (John  or  Caspar  ?),   his    '  Loci   Communes,' 

189 

8t  long,  its  origin,  301 
S.  on  flesh  and  shamble  meats,  54 

Mummies  for  colours,  188 

Stephenson  (Governor),  of  Bengal,  348 
S.  (A.)  on  Cervantes  and  Burns,  465 

Falconer  (Capt.),  his  'Voyages,'  185 

Hanson  (J.),  209 

'  Martine  Mar-Sixtus,'  and  R.  Greene,  483 

Tany  (Thomas),  208 
S.  (C.  L.)  on  Queen  Anne's  last  years,  508 

Tideswell  and  Tideslow,  36 
S.  (C.  W.)  on  '  Road  Scrapings,'  69 
S.  (G.)  on  Timothy  Pont,  324 
S.  (G.  S.  C.)  on  bears  and  boars  in  Britain,  248 
S.  (H.  C.)  on  Josephus  Struthius,  108 
S.    (H.   K.   St.    J.)   on  authors   of  quotations,  158, 
188 

Browning's  "thunder-free,"  73 

Classic  and  translator,  71 

Dog-names,  232 

Eel  folk-lore,  149 

S.  (J.)  on  'Paisley  Annual  Miscellany,'  8 
S.  ( J.  C.)  on  parody  of  Burns,  488 
S.  (J.  S.)  on  ode  on  Purcell's  death,  261 
S.  (L.  P.)  on  'Reliquiae  Wottonianse,'  326 

Wotton  (Sir  Henry),  508 
S.  (N.  S.)  on  Jews  and  printing,  184 
S.  (R.)  on  '  Experiences  of  a  Goal  Chaplain,'  267 

Lassa  :  travellers'  account,  29 

Three  volumes  v.  one  volume,  427 
S.  (W.)  on  Bass  Rock  music,  74 

Blacklock  (Thomas),  228 

Closets  in  Edinburgh  buildings,  ^1 5  4 

Coachman's  epitaph,  96 

Duelling  in  England,  435 

Epitaphiana,  475 

"  Fortune  favours  fools,"  491 

Moro  (Fort),  its  storming,  175,  313,  375 

Papers,  532 

Propale,  369 

Reduce,  266 

Stob,  495 

Tiffin,  206 

Trooping  the  colours,  116 

Tulliedeph  (Principal),  207 

S r  (A.)  on  Italian  lines  in  Shelley,  268 

Saint  as  a  prefix,  87,  192 

St.  Alban's  Grammar  School,  '  Lingua '  and  '  Jealous 

Lovers'  at,  126 

St.  George,  proverb  on,  168,  511 
St.  Helena  medal,  9,  95 
St.  Katharine's  by  the  Tower  of  London,  307 
St.  Ninian's  Church,  "Candida  Casa,"  68,  117,  137 
St.  Patrick  at  Orvieto,  118 
St.  Richard,  Bishop  of  Chichester,  432 
St.  Sepulchre,  Newgate  Street,  its  dedication,  192 
St.  Swithin  on  Ainsty,  25,  455 

Bible,  old,  108 

Bohemian  villages,  173 

Bunney,  115 

Cosas  de  Espana,  510 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  28,  1905. 


INDEX. 


567 


St.  Svrithinon  cricket  umpires'  garb,  126 

Crucifix,  one-armed,  1S9 

Dictionary  of  dialect  synonyms,  18 

English  cardinals'  hats,  96 

English  Channel,  84 

'  God  save  the  King '  parodied,  154 

Humorous  stories,  231 

I.H.S.,192 

Jesso,  537 

Jowett  and  Whewell,  353 

"Let  the  dead  bury  their  dead,"  77 

Maze  at  Seville,  508 

Motor  index  marks,  468 

Napoleon  on  England's  precedence,  226 
•"Our  eleven  days,"  128,  177 

Peek-bo,  153 

Pelican  myth,  497 

Richard  of  Scotland,  449 

Statue  discovered  at  Charing  Cross,  518 

"  Steer  to  the  Nor'- Nor' -West,  490 

Stuart  (Jane),  208 

Swan-names,  151 

Talented,  172 

Tickling  trout,  356 

"  Words  that  burn,"  85 

T  or  i,  186 

St.  Thomas  a  Becket,  his  martyrdom,  30,  195,  432 
St. Thomas  of  Hereford,  hisbiography,  195, 273, 352, 432 
St.  Thomas  Wohope,  209,  275 
St.  Walburga's  oil,  120 
"Sal  et  saliva  "  in  folk-lore,  55 
Salmon  (D.)  on  school  slates,  488 

Wilderspin  (Samuel),  528 
Salm-Salm  succession,  249 
Salt  in  baptism,  55 

Sampson  (D.)  on  Rebecca  of  '  Ivanhoe,'  28 
Sandell  (E.)  on  battle  of  Bedr,  409 
Sanderson  (K.)  on  'Goody  Two- Shoes,'  250 
Sanderson  family,  389 
Sandford  manors,  Shropshire,  256 
Sanguis,  derivation  of  the  word,  143 
Sarum,  origin  of  the  word,  445,  496 
Saunders  (G.  S.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  158 
Gordon  epitaph,  134 
Pamela :  Pamela,  90 
Saunter,  origin  of  the  word,  192,  224 
Savage  (Canon  E.B.1  on  bell-ringing  on  13  Aug.,  1814,414 
Bishop  of  Man  imprisoned,  1722,  534 
Old  Testament  commentary,  258 
Scales,  Marquois,  their  invention,  187 
Scaliger  (J.  C.),  his  books,  325 
Scandinavian  bishops,  67,  153 
Scattergood  (B.  P.)  on  Philip  Baker,  177 
Gretna  Green  marriage  registers,  386 
Schomberg  (Duke  of),  grave  in  St.  Patrick's,  Dublin,370 
School  company,  288,  352 
School  slates,  earliest  use,  488 
Scotch  officers  in  the  Russian  navy,  173 
Scotch  words  and  English  commentators,  75,  198 
Scotland,  the  title  "  Esquire"  in,  109 
Scott  (H.  S.)  on  Mr.  Janes,  of  Aberdeenshire,  54 
Scott  (Mrs.  John),  grandmother  of  Charles  Reade,  345 
Scott  (Sir  W.),  original  of  Rebecca  in  '  Ivanhoe,'  28, 
94,   193  ;    proverbs    in  Waverley  Novels,  37  ;   his 
music  master,  45  ;  and  the  " saucy  English  poet" 
in  'Waverley,' 109,  153;  Mr.  Arkwright's  setting 


of   verses  in   'The  Pirate,'  448,   492;  note  U  to 
« Redgauntlet,'  516 

Scribblers,  irresponsible  and  responsible,  86,1 36 , 196,277 
Scrivelloes,  meaning  of  the  word,  227,  292,  452 
Sea,  birth  at,  in  1805,"  448,  512 
Seal,  Great,  in  gutta  percha,  528 
Seal,  mayor's,  used  for  additional  confirmation,  19 
Seamen,  English,  hagiological  terms  employed  by,  14X 
Secret  drawers,  documents  in,  113,  255 
Sejanus  on  Ben  Jonson  and  Bacon,  469 
Semicolon,  abbreviating,  its  origin,  301 
Semi-effigies  in  Lichfield  Cathedral,  269,  434 
Senex  on  "Poeta  nascitur,  nou  fit,"  388 
Serjeantson  (R.  M.)  on  Serjeantson  family,  250 
Serjeantson  family  of  Hanlith,  Yorkshire,  250 
Service-tree,  derivation  of  its  name,  166 
Seventeenth- century  phrases,  425,  533 
Seville,  maze  at,  508 

Sex  before  birth,  determination  of,  235,  313 
Sexes,  disproportion  of,  209,  315 
Shadwell   (T.)    his    eulogy   of  Pietro    Reggio,   270  'r 

version  of  '  Tempest,'  330 

Shakespeare  (Mary),  her  relationship  to  the  poet,  94 
Shakespeare  (W.),   poems  on,  18;  autographs,  107, 
248,   332  ;   his  grave,   195,    292  ;   his  wife's  name, 
389,  428,  473 ;  his  books,  464 
Shakespeariana : — 

As  You  Like  It,  Act.  II.  sc.  i.,  "The  penalty  of 

Adam,"  524 
Hamlet,  Act.  IIT.  sc.   ii.,   "  Miching  mallicho," 

344,  524 

1    Henry   IV.,   Act   II.   sc.    iii.    "0,    I    could 
divide  myself,"  64  ;    Act  III.  sc.   i.,  "  I  had 
rather  hear  a  brazen  canstick  turned,"  64,  344 
1  Henry  VI.,  Pucelle,  or  the  Pucelle,  524 
King  Lear,  Act  III,   sc.   vi.,  "  Cry  you  mercy, 

I  took  you  for  a  joint-stool,"  66,  214 
Macbeth,  music  by  Locke  and  Purcell,  142 
Merchant   of   Venice,    Act    III.   sc.    ii.,    "An. 

Indian  beauty,"  343 

Pericles,  Act  I.  sc.  iv.,  "  Unhappy  me,"  524 
Sonnet  XXVI.,  67,  133,  213 
Tempest,  music  for,  164,  270,  329,  370 
Titus  Andronicus  on  the  stage,  366 
Troilus    and    Cressida,    Act    V.    sc.   i.,    "Male 

varlot,"  343,  522 
Twelfth  Night,  Act  I.  sc.  i.,  "0  it  came  o'er  my 

ear  like  the  sweet  South,"  343,  523 
Two    Gentlemen    of   Verona,    Act    I.    sc.    ii., 
"  Padua,"  error  for  Milan,  523  ;  Act  V.  sc.  ii., 
Friar   Patrick   or   Friar  Laurance,  344,   523; 
Act  V.  sc.  iv.,  "Verona  shall  not  hold  thee,"  523 
Shakolt,  Bishops  of,  1148-1408,  67 
Shamble  and  flesh  meats,  54 
Shape,  Tibetan  title,  132 
Shark,  a  "requiem,"  85 
Shaw  (C.  G.)  on  oblivious,  446 
Shaw  (W.  S.)  on  Tiverton  vicars,  88 
Sheaf,  tenth  or  tithe  sheaf,  349,  454,  493 
Shelley  (P.  B.),  author  of  Italian  lines  in,  268;  Jane 

Clairmont's  grave,  284 
Shelley  family  of  Maplederham,  Hants,   and   Maple 

Durham,  Oxon,  155,  457,  519 
Sherborne  (Lord)  on  "  cat  in  the  wheel,"  508 

Refectories,  first-floor,  237 
Shilleto  (A.  R.),  his  Burton's  '  Anatomy,'  124,  223,  442 


568 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  28, 1905. 


Shipton  (Mother),  references  to,  17 

Shoe  thrown  at  weddings,  87 

Shopping  in  1764,  445 

Shore  (T.  W.)  on  Cbiltern  Hundreds,  441 

Shorter  (Arthur),  d.  1750-],  his  biography,  505 

Shroff  :  Shroffage,  the  words  in  China,  247 

Shrophouse,  its  locality,  449 

Shropshire  and  Montgomeryshire  manors,  148,  256 

Siddons(Mrs.),  her  residence  in  Upper  Baker  Street,  369 

Sidney    (Sir    P.),   his    'A   Remedie   for   Love,'  89 

imitated  by  Webster,  221,  261,  303,  342,  381 
Sileby,  is  its  font  Saxon  ?  171 
Silesia,  description  of  the  material,  268,  312 
Silk  men  :  silk  throwsters,  guilds  of,  128,  216 
Silo,  on  Coventry  worsted  weavers,  347 
Silver  bouquet-holder,  probable  date,  50,  134 
Six  (Burgomaster  Jan),  his  family  arms,  168 
Sixpence  called  "  real"  in  Kerry,  16 
Skeat  (Prof.  W.  W.)  on  Anahuac,  258 
l+-     Angles  :  England,  471 
i:— •    Bunney,  13 

Cold  Harbour,  74 
"Feed  the  brute, "298 
Fotheringay,  215 
Guncaster,  38 
H  in  Cockney,  390 
Holborn,  457 
I  majuscule,  356 
I.H.S.,  191 

Isabelline  as  a  colour,  375,  537 
Jacobite  verses,  417 
Licence  :  license,  484 

Northern  and  Southern  pronunciation,  317 
Paragraph  mark,  496 
Saunter,  224 
Service  tree,  166 
Shakespeare's  wife,  473 
Shakespeariana,  64 
Silesias:  pocketings,  312 

'Traces  of  Bistory  in  the  Names  of  Places,'  186 
Whitsunday,  121,  217,  352 
Witham,  333,  538 
Withershins,  76 
Woffington,  235 
Tori,  371 

Skeletons  at  funerals,  48 
Slates  first  used  in  schools,  488 
Slave  ships  of  Bristol,  their  owners  and  captains,  108, 

193,  257 

Sleeve,  name  for  English  Channel,  34,  134 
Smart  (George),  inventor  of  the  "  scandiscope,"  528 
Smith,  a  Berners  Street  artist,  409 
Smith  (E.)  on  h  in  Cockney,  391 

Split  infinitive,  406 

Smith  (G.  C.  Moore)  on  regiments  at  Boomplatz,  292 
Smith  (Hubert)  on  documents  in  secret  drawers,  113 
Smith  (J.)  on  Holme  Pierrepont  parish  library,  295 
Smith  (J.  de  Berniere)  on  Jowett  and  Whewell,  275 

Tulliedeph  (Principal),  312 

Smith  (L.  Toulmin)  on  Shakespeare  autograph,  332 
Smith  (R.  Horton)  on  Pamela:  Pamela,  50 
Smith  (Squire  Dick),  niueteenth-cent.  sportsman,  328 
Smithers  (C.  G.)  on  Coliseums  old  and  new,  529 

"  Vine  "  Tavern,  Mile  End,  252 
Smyth  (H.)  on  moral  standards  of  Europe,  257 
Vaccination  and  inoculation,  394 


Snuff-box,  gold,  belonging  to  Dean  Swift,  249,  292 
Society  of  Antiquaries,  its  foundation,  237 
Society  of  Coach-drivers,  1765,  96 
Solloway  (J.)  on  the  meaning  of  Ainsty,  25 
Songs,  French  burdens  to  English,  267 
Songs  and  Ballads:—- 

A  man  ran  away  with  the  monument,  374 

Bailiff's  Daughter  of  Islington,  403 

Bonnets  of  Blue,  347,  455 

Come,  live  with  me,  89,  153,  434 

Cumberland  (Duke  of)  and  Death  of  Nelson,  405 

Death  of  Nelson,  405,  493 

God  save  the  King,  parody  on,  88,  154 

Greenwich  Fair,  227 

Hardyknute,  425,  536 

Jacobite,  288,  349 

Mayers'  song,  512 

Never  too  Late,  267 

O  but  then  my  Bil-ly  listed,  285 

"  Place  there  the  boy,"  the  tyrant  said,  327,  412 

Poor  Allinda's  growing  old,  64 

Prayer  for  Indifference,  268,  335,  437 

Sailor's  Grave,  351 

Sally  in  our  Alley,  its  date,  417 

Sow's  Tail  to  Geordie,  349,  417 

Steer  to  the  Nor'-Nor'-West,  427,  490 

Tom  Moody,  228,  295,  398 

Tom  Tell-Truth,  236 

What  if  a  day,  or  a  month,  or  a  year  ?  388 

When  Aurelia  first  I  courted,  65 
Southam  (Herbert)  on  "  A  shoulder  of  mutton,"  374 

Bedr,  battle  of,  475 

Book-borrowing,  348 

Edward  the  Confessor's  chair,  508 

Fair  Maid  of  Kent,  236,  297 

Freshman,  467 

Holy  Maid  of  Kent,  336 

Moro  (Fort),  its  storming,  256 

Oaks,  their  age,  266 

Stuart  (Jane),  294 
Southernand  Northern  pronunciation,  256, 817, 393, 538 
Southey  (B.),  '  Omniana,'  1812,  305,  410,  530 
Spaniards  of  Asia,  the  Japanese,  86 
Spanish  customs,,  474,  510 
Spanish  proverbs  on  honey  and  oranges,  134 
Spanish  quotations,  308,  373 
Sparke  (A.)  on  "  Phil  Elia,"  527 
Sparling  (Halliday)  on  King  John's  charters,  57 
Speke  (Richard)  and  Sir  Walter  1'  Espec,  287,  513 
Spelling  as  an  ecclesiastical  or  political  symbol,  450 
Spelling  Book,  Markham's,  327,  377,  494 
Spelling  reform,  305,  450,  484 
Spirit  manifestations,  works  on,  388 
Sporting  clergy  before  the  Reformation,  89,  293 
Spurs,  two  battles  so  named,  426,  517 
Stafford  (J.)  on  Jordangate,  448 
Stalberg  (H.)  on  Viking,  125 
Stamp  collecting  and  its  literature,  38 
Stanborough  (William),  d.  1646-7,  369 
Standards,  moral,  of  Europe,  168,  257,  334 
Stanley  (Sir  H.  M.),  his  grave,  526 
Stapleton  (A.)  on  Count  Tallard,  447 
Statue  discovered  at  Charing  Cross,  1729,  448,  518 
Statues,  London,  missing,  209 
Stealing  no  crime,  early  Japanese  custom,  509 
Steggall  (C.)  on  old  Bible,  151 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  28,  1905. 


INDEX. 


569 


Steinman  (G.  Steinman),  his  biography,  88, 314,350,416 
•Sternpe  (Thos.),  Warden  of  Winchester  College,  45, 115 
Step-brother,  meaning  of  the  term,  38,  473 
Stephen  (Sir  Leslie)  on  Bishop  Warburton,  7 
Stephens  ( Dr.).     See  Stevens  ( Richard). 
Stephens  (F.  G.)  on  mummies  for  colours,  229 
.Stephenson  (E.),  Governor  of  Bengal,  3  48, 437,  492,539 
Stephenson  (P.  A.  F.)  on  the  mussuk,  329 
Ruskin  at  Neuch^tel,  348 
Washington  (George),  his  arms,  327 
Stephenson  or  Stevenson  (Capt.F.),  d.in  BlackHole,429 
•Stepney,  burial-ground  at,  393,  496  ;  parishioners  of, 

448,  512 

Stepney  amazon,  Phoebe  Hessel,  16,  74 
Steps  of  Grace  at  Berwick,  426,  516 
Steuart  (A.  F.)  on  Jane  Clairmont's  grave,  284 
Stevens  (E.)  on  tea  as  a  meal,  17 
:Stevens  (Richard),  his  biography,  35 
Steward  (Charles),  statue  at  Bradford-on-Avon,  444 
Stewart  (Alan)  on  Lord  Both  well,  27 
Epitaph  on  Ann  Davies,  152 
Flying  Bridge,  491 
Hildesley  (Mark),  53 
Stilwell  (J.  P.)  on  kissing  gates,  396 

Zad  (Adam),  48 

Stob  in  Scottish  place-names,  409,  495 
Stories,  humorous:  For  One  Night  Only,  188,  231  ; 

The  Cornish  Jury,  188,  231,  355 
Stow  (John),  proposed  edition  of  '  Survey,'  341 
Strachan  (L.  R.  M.)  on  corks,  a  game,  347,  392 
H  in  Cockney,  390 
Martyrdom  of  St.  Thomas,  432 
'  Reliquiae  Wottonianse,'  476 
Trousered,  326 

fitrada  (Famianus)  anticipates  electric  telegraph,  136 
Streatham,  Mineral  Wells  at,  228,  315 
Street  (E.  E.)  on  h  in  Cockney,  490 
Sex  before  birth,  235 
Webster  (Daniel),  472 

Strickland  (W.  W.)  on  Gipsies :  Chigunnji,  105 
Stronach  (G.)  on  Bacon  and  the  drama,  331 
Elliot  (Sir  Gilbert,  48 
Shakespeare's  wife,  389 
Strong  (Prof.  H.  A.)  on  an  epitaph,  13 

Prescriptions,  356 

Strong  (Col.  0.  H.)  on  regiments  at  Boomplatz,  251 
Struthius  (Josephus),  his  «  Doctrine  of  Pulses,'  108, 151 
Stuart  (James),  Old  Pretender,  his  lying  in  state,  48 
Stuart  (J.),  Quaker  princess  buried  at  Wisbech,  208,  294 
Stuarts,  their  heiress,  400 
Stubbs  (Sir  T.  W.),  his  biography,  189 
Style,  Old  and  New,  128,  177,  266 
Sundial,  Isle  of  Man,  inscription  on,  44 
Suomi  on  Runeberg,  Finnish  poet,  9 
Surname  of  Queen  Alexandra,  529 
SurveillanteandQuebec,actionbetweenfrigates,228,271 
Sutton  (C.  W.)  on  Wiltshire  naturalist,  248 
Swaen  (A.  E.  H.)  on  Anthony  Brewer,  468 
Brewer's  'Lovesick  King,'  409 
"  What  if  a  day,  or  a  month,  or  a  year,"  388 
Swan-names,  128,  151 

Sweden  (King  of)  on  the  balance  of  power,  8,  94 
Swett  family  of  Devon  and  U.S.,  8 
Swift  (Dean),  his  gold  snuff-box,  249,  292 
Swimming,  the  mussuk  in,  263,  329,  371,  431 ;  notes 
on  Thomas's  '  Swimming,'  382 


Swynnerton  (C.)  on  "First  kittoo,"  149 

Mortimer  (Roger),  his  escape,  225 

Smith  (Squire  Dick),  328 
Sycamore  or  sycomore,  correct  spelling,  465 
T.  on  "Vine"  Inn,  Highgate  Road,  327 
T.  (D.  K.)  on  sporting  clergy  before  the  Reformation ,29 4 

Steinman  (George  Steinman),  314 
T.  (F.  E.)  on  Philip  d'Auvergne,  492 
T.  (G.)  on  Sir  Harry  Vane,  108 
T.  (H.)  on  anonymous  novels,  365 

Dog-names,  233 

Milton's  Sonnet  XII.,  67 

Shoe,  an  old,  87 

Singing  face,  87 

Thinking  horse,  165 
T.  (J.)  on  Dean  Milner,  249 
T.  (R.  C.)  on  Roger  Casement,  332 
T.  (T.  W.)  on  Dickensian  London,  49 
Taal  or  Cape  Dutch  language,  126,  256 
Tablets,  memorial,  on  houses,  369 
Tabor  (C.  P.)  on  Ludovico,  288 
Tailors,  three,  of  Tooley  Street,  468 
Tails,  men  with,  249,  317 

Talent:  Talented,  use  of  the  words,  23,  93,  172,  418 
Tallard  (Count),  French  prisoner  of  war,  447 
Tantallon,  march  composed  for  its  siege,  74 
Tantarabobus,  its  various  forms,  480 
Tany  (Thomas),  «  D.N.B.'  on,'  208 
Tasker  (A.)  on  genealogy  in  Dumas,  427 
Tavern  Signs  :— 

Black  Dog,  Westminster,  118 

Half- Brick,  507 

Old  Angel,  507 

Sun  and  Anchor,  92,  132,  315 

Vine,  Highgate  Road,  327,  433 

Vine,  Mile  End,  167,  218,  252 
Tea,  as  a  meal,  17,  175 
Tea,  correct  pronunciation  of  the  word,  90 
Telegram,  longest,  125,  176,  192 
Telegraph,  electric,  anticipated,  J36,  135,  234 
Tempany  (T.  W.)  on  the  arbalest  or  cross-bow,  443 
Temple  (Richard,  Earl)  and  Junius,  285 
Tenement  houses,  Roman,  73 

Tennyson  (Lord)  on  psalm  singing  weavers,  128,  194; 
FitzGerald's  song  in  his  '  Memoirs,'  285  ;  house  at 
Twickenham,  324 
Thackeray  (W.  M.),  pictures  suggested  by  his  works, 

67  ;  sale  of  his  pictures,  169,  192 
"  The  "  as  part  of  title,  524 
Theatre,  Roman,  at  Verulam,  527 
Theatre-building,  rare  Italian  books  on,  328,  432 
Theophany,  name  for  Christmas  and  Epiphany,  505 
Thieme  (C.)  on  Cape  Bar  men,  516 
Thirkell-Pearce(E.)on  Northumberland  pedigrees,  268 
Thomas  (A.)  on  Principal  Tulliedeph,  312 
Thomas  (A.  W.)  on  Roman  theatre  at  Verulam,  527 

Williams  ( Rev.  John),  68 

Thomas  (N.  W.)  on ' '  Tropenwut " :  "  Tropenkoller, "  48 
Thomas  (R.),  notes  on  his  '  Swimming,'  382 
Thomas  (R.)  on  '  Experiences  of  a  Gaol  Chaplain,'  330 

Mussuk,  263 

Pigeon  English  at  home,  77 

Spelling  reform,  451 

Talented,  94 

"  Was  you  ? "  and  "  You  was/'  72 
Thorp  (J.  T.)  on  Fingal  and  D  wmid,  277 


570 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  28,  1905. 


Thorp  (J.  T.)  on  desecrated  fonts,  254 

Stuart  (Jane),  294 
Thunder,  its  effect  on  fish,  231,  331 
"  Thunder-free  "  in  Browning's  '  Pippa  Passes,'  73,  193 
Thurnam  (W.  D.)  on  L.S.,  428 
Tickencote  Church,  large  Norman  arch  at,  289 
Tickling  trout,  277,  356 
Tides,  Lord  Kelvin  on,  269 

TideslowandTideswell,  their  etymology,  3 6,  77,95,  152 
Tiffin,  derivation  of  the  word,  206 
Tiger-claw  weapon  or  va"ghnatch,  55,  95 
*  Times'  correspondents  in  Hungary,  108 
Tithe  offish  in  North  Sea  claimed  by  Great  Britain,  187 
Tithes  in  kind,  their  collection,  349,  454 
Tithing  barn,  description  of,  368,  477 
Tituladoes,  derivation  of  the  word,  16 
Toad  as  medicine,  325 
Toast,  Lancashire,  its  authorship,  10,  58 
Toasts,  fifty-nine,  drunk  in  one  evening,  210 
Tofana  Acqua,  its  composition,  269,  353 
Tomahawk,  origin  of  the  word,  387 
Tooker,  derivation  of  the  word,  307 
Tooley  Street,  three  tailors  of,  468 
Topography  of  ancient  London,  58 
Torso  on  Gwyneth,  108 
Tote,  etymology  of  the  word,  161,  255 
Tottenham  Court  Road,  alterations  in,  125 
Tottenham  Street,  alterations  in.  125 
Tracts,  how  to  catalogue,  388,  453 
'  Tracts  for  the  Times,'  list  of  authors,  347,  398,  452, 492 
Translator  and  classic,  71 
Travers  (Elias),  his  diary,  68,  183 
Treasurer  (Lord  High),  words  in  his  accounts,  368 
Trees,  reversion  of,  88,  153 

Tregortha  (John)  of  Burslem,  his  biography,  289,  393 
Tricolour,  its  history,  247,  290,  312 
Tricquet  or  croquet  in  sixteenth  century,  8 
Trill  upon  my  Harp,  light  called,  148  ,>  * 

Trooping  the  colours,  49,  116 
Tropenkoller :  Tropenwut,  their  translation,  48 
Trousered,  word  used  by  R.  L.  Stevenson,  326 
Trout,  tickling,  277,  356 
Troy  ounce  in  apothecaries'  weight,  356 
Tulliedeph  or  Tulliedelph  (Principal),  207,  312 
Turbary,  white,  its  scientific  name,  13 
Turnips,  as  symbols  of  George  I.,  288,  349 
Tweedle-duin  and  Tweedle-dee= Handel  and  Bonon- 

cini,  7 

Twerton  vicars,  88 

Twickenham,  Tennyson's  house  at,  324 
Tyburn,  site  of  the  gallows  at,  26 
Tynte  book-plate,  19 
Tyro,  its  spelling,  186 
U,  German,  its  origin,  301 
U.  (T.  F.)  on  Lady  Jean  Douglas,  467 
Udal  (J.  S.)  on  arms  of  Lincoln,  37 

Butcher  Hall  Street,  28 

1  English  Dialect  Dictionary,'  182 

Riding  the  black  ram,  173 

Udal  or  Uvedale  (N.),  his  'Ralph  Roister Doister,'  182 
TJhagon  (F.  de)  on  Cosas  de  Espafla,  474 

Hell,  Heaven,  and  Paradise,  533 
Umpires,  cricket,  their  garb,  126 
Underdown  (H.  W.)  on  Cambridge  family,  144 

Cawood  family,  205 

Excavations  at  Richborough,  373 


Underdown  (H.  W.)  on  Holborn,  308 

Ludovico,  377 

Martyrdom  of  St.  Thomas,  30,  273 

North  burgh  family,  244 

Paragraph  mark,  449 

Pardons,  21 

Semi-effigies,  269,  434 

Tenth  sheaf,  349 

Waggoner's  Wells,  129,  292 

Witham,  289 
Underbill  (W.)  on  goose  v.  geese,  507 

House  signs,  507 

Shakespeare's  wife,  429 

Upton  (W.P.)  on  Bayly  of  Hall  Place  and  Bideford,  108' 
Upton  Snodsbury,  discoveries  at,  268,  312 
Urns  in  modern  burials,  286 

Usher  (Bishop)  or  Bacon,  saying  attributed  to,  407, 471 
Utrecht,  Treaty  of,  Dr.  Doesburg  on,  527 
V.  (C.  Ma.  H.),  Dutch  artist,  c.  1647,  448 
V.  (Q.)  on  Cricklewood,  476 

Galapine,  447 

Italian  initial  Ht  107 

St.  Patrick  at  Orvieto,  118 

Sarum,  445 

'  Tracts  for  the  Times,'  452 
V.  (Q.  W.)  on  font  consecration,  269 
V.  (W.  I.  R.)  on  Ashburner  family,  519 

Cricket,  145,  394 

4  Death  of  Nelson ,'493 

Dobbin,  children's  game,  348 

Electric  telegraph  anticipated,  66,  135 

"  It's  a  very  good  world,"  26 

"  There  was  a  man,"  111 

Vaccaries  or  booths,  derivation  of  the  word,  167 
Vaccination  and  inoculation,  27,  132,  216,  313,  394,, 

456,  513 

Vaghnatch  or  tiger-claw  weapon,  55,  95 
Valentine  (Roberto),  English  composer,  1707,  27 
Valkyrie,  pronunciation  of  the  word,  324 
Valle  Rodol,  King  John  at,  57,  134 
Vane  (Sir  Harry),  portrait  of,  ]  08 
Vanishing  London.     See  London. 
Varden  :  "  Dolly  Varden  "  as  a  term  of  reproach,  185 
Vaudreuil,  King  John  at,  134 
Vectigal,  incorrectly  made  a  dactyl,  326,  418 
Venice,  Averrhoes  on,  130 

Vere  (Ed.),  Earl  of  Oxford,  travels  on  theContinent,  309> 
Vermeijen  or  Barbalonga,  275 
Verulam,  Roman  theatre  at,  527 
Vicar  executed  for  witchcraft,  265 
Victoria,  first  use  as  woman's  name,  468 
Vidler  (L.  A.)  on  Arthur  Shorter,  505 
Viking,  its  pronunciation,  125 
Vinery  at  Hampton  Court,  506 
Vire,  Chateau  de,  King  John  at,  134 
Visiting  cards,  armorial,  509 
Vizetelly  (E.  A.)  on  Zola's  'Rome,'  271 
Vogelweide  (Walter  von  der),  curious  poem  by,  47 
Volkslied,  "  Es  ist  bestimmt  in  Gottes  Rath,"  327,. 

351,  371 

Volumes,  three  v.  one,  427 
Vossius  (Isaac),  his  library,  361 
Voters,  women,  in  counties  and  boroughs,  494 
W,  Anglo-Saxon,  dropped  by  Normans,  235 
W.  (B.)  on  Battle  of  Spurs,  517 

Font  consecration,  336 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  28,  1905. 


1  K  D  E  X. 


571 


W.  (B.)  on  I.H.S.,  190,  231 

Martyrdom  of  St.  Thomas,  432 
Pelican  myth,  311 
W.  (B.)  on  swan-names,  128 
W.  (E.  M.)  on  wedding-ring  finger,  508 
W.  (G.  C.)  on  boiling,  506 
Stamp  collecting,  38 
Tenth  sheaf,  454 

W.  (G.  J  )  on  Burgomaster  Six,  168 
W.  (J.)  on  Breeches  Bible,  87 
W.  ( K. )  Ephis  and  his  lion,  448 
W.  (Q.  V.)  on  "Feed  the  brute,"  257 

Refectories,  first-floor,  237 

\V—  n  ( W.  H.  W.)  on  London  cemeteries  in  1860,  496 
Waddington  (F.  8.)  on  foreign  book-plates,  287 
Waggoner's  Wells,  place-name,  129,  214,  292 
Wainewright  (H.  L.)  on  '  The  Oxford  Sausage,'  376 
Wainewright  (J.  B.)  on  Philip  Baker,  109,  258 
Birthmarks,  516 
Brewer's  '  Lovesick  King,'  496 
Classic  and  translator,  71 
Corks,  392 

Coutances  and  Winchester,  68 
Dyer  (Sir  Edward),  33 
English  cardinals'  hats,  96 
English,  extraordinary,  226 
fJerman  Volkslied,  371 
Giudiccioni  (Cardinal  Bartolommeo),  7 
I.H.S.,  191 

Ingram  and  Lingen  families,  487 
James  I.  of  Scotland,  his  daughters,  56 
Martyrdom  of  St.  Thomas,  31,  432 
Mayers'  song,  512 
Morton  (Nicholas),  206 
Neale  (T.) :  "  Herbarley,"  135 
Pontificate,  173 
Quotations,  476 
Heverend  Esquires,  307 
Homan  tenement  houses,  74 
Rutland  (John  or  Caspar?),  189 
Scandinavian  bishops,  153 
Shelley  family,  457 
Stevens  (Richard),  35 
Way  (William),  alias  Wygge,  106 
Winchester  College  Visitation,  1559,  45 
Waits,  Christmas,  504 

Wakener's  Wells,  place-nann,  its  origin,  129,  214 
Waldef  of  Cumberland    his   descendants,   241,   291 

332,  412 

Waler  (Sir  Will),  1643,  426 
Wales,  South,  Gruffydds,  Princes  of,  213 
Walker  (Thomas)  in  Dublin,  247 
Wall  (Col.  John)  =  Mary  Brilliana  Martin,  309 
Walney  Island  names,  56 

Walpole  (G.)  on  "To  have  a  month's  mind,"  487 
Warburton  (Bishop)  and  David  Mallet,  7 
Ward  (C.  S.)  on  Battle  of  Bedr,  475 
Battle  of  Spurs,  518 
"George,  P'ce  of  Salm  Salm,"  249 
New  Style,  1582,  266 
Williams  (Rev.  John),  175 
Ward  (H.  Snowden)  on  Chinese  nominy,  507 
Lancashire  toast,  58 
Pilgrims'  Ways,  129 
Shakespeare's  wife,  429 
Ward  (Baron  Thomas),  his  birthplace,  169,  296 


Arardlaw  (Lady),  her  claim  to  '  Hardyknute,'  536 
Warren  and  Nelson  decanter,  268 
Varton  (Thomas),  editor  of  '  Oxford  Sausage,'  227,  376 
Warton  (William),  portrait  by  Reynolds,  68 
1  Was  you  ?  "  for  "  Were  you  ? "  date  of  change,  72,  1 57 
Washington  (George),  his  coat  of  arms,  327,  417 
iVassail,  etymology  of  the  word,  503 
Waterloo,  news  of  the  battle,  345 
Waterton  family  arms,  29 
Watling  (Hamlet),  drawings  of  stained-glass  windows, 

488 

Watson  (Christopher)  on  Battle  of  Spurs,  517 
Biset  (Margaret),  69 
Edwards  (Samuel  Bradford),  377 
Galileo  portrait,  426 
Grievance  Office  :  John  Le  Keux,  374 
"He  saw  a  world,"  488 
John  (King),  his  charters,  134 
Kuroki  (General),  347 
Lanarth,  212 
Lisk,  433 

"  Old  woman  went  to  market,"  502 
Pincerna  (Richard),  91 
Waterton  :   Watton  :   Watson,  29 
Wrestling  match  in  1222,  181 
Watson  (J.)  on  bears  and  boars  in  Britain,  490 
Dog-names,  470 
St.  Helena  medal,  9 
"  Saucy  English  poet,"  109 
Watson  family  arms,  29 
Wattman,  its  meaning,  220 
Watton  family  arms,  29 

Watts  (Mrs.  Catherine),  her  grave  near  Macerate,  307 
Watts  ( Isaac)  and  Cowper,  323 
Wax  used  in  building,  455 

Way  (William),  alias  Wygge,  alias  Flower,  106 
Weather  and  the  moon,  35 
Weavers,  psalm-singing,  Tennyson  on,  128,  194 
Weavers,  worsted,  Coventry,  347 
Webb  (E.)  on  Chirk  Castle  gates,  269 
Webster  (Daniel),  saying  regarding,  407,  472 
Webster  (John),  his  imitation  of  Sir   Philip  Sidney, 

221,  261,  303,  342,  381 
Weco  on  stricken  field,  266 
Wedding-ring  finger,  508 
Weddings,  shoe  thrown  at,  87 

Weights  and  measures,  symbols  and  derivation,  291 ,  355 
Welby  (A.)  on  Witham,  333 
Welford  (R.)  on  '  Die  and  be  Damned,'  114 
Fiuchale  Priory,  Durham,  252 
Hell,  Heaven,  and  Paradise,  354 
/  majuscule,  356 
Pitt  Club,  210 
Shakespeariana,  522 
'Tom   Moody,'  295 
Waldef  of  Cumberland,  291 
Welsh,  Henry  It.  on  the,  446 
Wesley  (John),  his  'Journal,'  1790,  8 
Wesley  (John)  =  Pasque  Sharman,  427 
West-Country  Rector  on  parish  documents,  267 
Westenra  (Rev.  Peter)  =  Elizabeth  Pigott,  113 
Westminster,  Black  Dog  Alley,  5,  118,  174 
Westminster  Abbey,  books  on  monuments  in,  533 
Westminster  Cathedral,  first  bishop  consecrated  in,  145 
Westminster  Hall  flooded,  126 
Westminster  School  boarding-houses,  127,  275,  333 


572 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  28,  1905. 


Westmorland,  pronunciation  of  the  word,  152 
'Westmorland  Gazette,'  De  Quincey's  editorship,  101 
Weston  (Col.  Hunter),  his  death,  179 
Wheel :  Jersey  wheel  explained,  208,  274 
Wheeler  (Adrian)  on  bugman,  246 
Wherry  (B,  L.)  on  '  Bsrnaby  Kudge,'  206 
Whewell  and  Jowett,  epigram  on,  275,  353 
White  Company,  its  nationality,  68,  132 
Whitebouse  (A.  E.)  on  Denny  family,  494 

Galileo  portrait,  492 

Whitehouse  and  James  on  Holy  Maid  of  Kent,  336 
Whitsunday,  its  derivation,   121,   217,  297/352;  in 

'Anglo-Saxon  Chronicle,'  166,  313 
Whitty  Tree,  place-name,  its  meaning,  113 
Whitwell  (R.  J.)  on  '  Assisa  de  Tolloneip,'  387 
"  Paules  fete,"  87 

Vere  (Edward),  seventeenth  Earl  of  Oxford,  809 
Widdereinnis  or  withershins,  origin  of  the  word,  76 
Wife  day:  wife  tea,  old  Cumberland  custom,  287 
Wiggle,  meaning  of  the  word,  28,  153,  274 
Wigs,  varieties  of,  50,  176 
Wilderepin  (Samuel),  portraits  of,  528 
Will's  Coffee-house,  five  of  the  name,  461 
Willccck  (J.)  on  biead  for  ihe  lord's  Day,  2C9 

Monmouth  cipher,  347 
Willes  (Bichard),  was  he  "B.  W."  ?  484 
William  HI.,   his  chargers  at  the  Boyne,  321,  370, 

415,  453 

Williams  (A.  J.)on  electiic  telegraph  anticipated,  234 
Williams  (ArchHbfcop  John)  and  John  C wen,  146 
Williams  (Eev.  John),  of  Ystrad  Meurig  Grammar 

^School,  68,  175 
Williamson  (D.)  on  alia?,  13 
W  illock  family,  of  Bordley,  188,  276 
Wills  made  by  dog  and  donkey,  501 
Wilson  (C.  Bundy)  on  curious  Christian  names,  375 

Poetical  curiosity,  47 

"Wilson  (Prof.  John)  and  Kobert  Burns,  306 
Wilson  (Eev.  John),  of  King's  College,  Cambridge,  449 
Wilson  (T.)  on  ''Among  others,"  56 

"Kick  the  bucket,"  7 5 

W  ilson  (W.  E.)  on  Berwick :  Steps  of  Grace,  516 
Cowper,  235 
Dog-names,  234 
Skeletons  at  funerals,  48 
Stob,  495 

Wiltshire  naturalist,  c.  1780,  248,  291 
Winchester  College  Visitation,  1559,  45,  115 
Winchester,  Coutances,  and  Channel  Islands,  68,154,231 
Windsor  (T.)  on  Ealph  Thomas's  'Swimming,'  382 
Mine  used  in  building,  455 
Winslow,  brass  in  paiish  church  at,  388 
Winter  (Fev.  Eicbard),  of  Carey  Street,  348,  412 
Winwick,  rectory  of,  c.  1575,  109,  177,  258 
Wisbecb,  Quaker  princess  buried  at,  208,  294 
Witchcraft,  vicar  executed  for,  265  ;  bibliography,  323 
Witham,  origin  of  place-name,  289,  333,  474,  538 
Withershins,  origin  of  the  word,  76 
Wcffington   (Peg),   portraits    of,    226;    portrait    by 

Latham,  447 

"Woffington  surname,  its  origin,  88,  174,  235 
Wolfe  (General  J.)  and  Gray's  '  Elegy,'  27 
Wolferstan  (E.  P.)  on  cag-mag,  388 
Disraeli  on  Gladstone,  67 


Wolferstan  (E.  P.)  on  Hell,  Heaven,  and  Paradise,  355- 
Parish  clerk,  216 
Eule  of  the  road,  467 
Talented,  94 
Witham,  539 

Wollaston  or  Wolstop,  in  Shropshire,  256 
Wolverhampton,  pulpit  of  St.  Peter's  Church,  37,  96 
Women  voters  in  counties  and  boroughs,  494 
Women's  Club,  University,  name  for,  33 
Wontner  (E.)  on  Lethieullier's  MSS.,  508 
Wood  (Major  W.)  on  Wolfe  and  Gray's  '  Elegy,'  27 
Wood  -(Mrs.  Henry),  plot  of  '  East  Lynne,'  506 
Wooden  pipes  for  water,  180 
Wooing  staff  in  Japan,  504 
Woolmen  in  the  fifteenth  century,  448,  514 
"  Words  that  burn,"  86 

Wordsworth  (W.),  name  in  schoolhouse,  Hawkshead,137 
Working  class  officially  defined,  146,  240 
World's  Fair,  Chicago,  Manufactures  Building  at,  197" 
Wotton  (Sir  Henry),  misprints  in   'Beliquiae,'    326, 

371,  476  ;  and  Bilford,  a  painter,  508 
Wrestling  match  in  London  in  1222,  18 
Wright  (B. )  on  a  royal  carver,  27 
Wright  (John),  S.T.L.,  in  '  Douay  Diaries,'  135 
Wright  (T.)  his  edition  of  Cowper,    1,  42,  82,  122,, 

162,  203,  242 

Wygge,  alias  William  Way,  alias  Flower,  106 
Wyld's  "Great  Globe, "529 
Xylographer  on  Lady  Elizabeth  Germain,  88 
Hoyle  (Edmond),  409 
Marylebone  Literary  Society,  167 
T,  its  use  in  English,  186,  316,  371 
Yardley  (E.)  on  authors  of  quotations,  295 
Dog-names,  151 
'East  Lynne,'  506 
Gray's  <  Elegy '  in  Latin,  93 
H  in  Cockney,  351,  391,  490,  535 
Homer  and  Pope,  525 
Pin  witchery,  273 
Eeaper  Death,  146 
Shakespeariana,  343,  523 
Talenteo,  93,  172 
Uncle  Eemus  in  Tuscany,  276 
Tcri,  316 

Yarn,  American,  188,  251 
Ye=the,  is  it  an  archaism  1  301 
Yeo  (W.  Curzon)  onChiltern  Hundreds,  516 

Oxenham  epitaphs,  509 
Ygrec  on  Mazzard  Fair,  228 

Phoenicians  at  Falmoutb,  518 
Ympe=shoot  grafted  in,  186 
York,  Ainsty,  meaning  of,  97 
Yorkshire  toast,  58 

Yorkshireman   on   Noithern   and  Southern  pronun- 
ciation, 256,  393 

"  You  was  "  and  "  Was  you  ? "  72,  157 
Younger  (G.  W.)  on  Nelson  and  Warren  decanter,  268 
Ystrad  Meirac  (Meurig)  Grammar  School,  68,  175 
Z.  (X.)  on  blood  used  in  building,  389 

Moral  standards  of  Europe,  168,  334 
Zad  (Adam),  origin  of  his  surname,  48,  133 
Zephyr,  definition  of  the  word,  312 
Zeta  on  armorial  bearings,  328 
Zola  (fimile),  Abbe"  Pierre  Froment  in  'Borne,'  271 


LONDON:   PRINTED   BY   JOHN   EDWARD    FRANCIS,    BRFAM'S    BUILLINGS,   CHANCERY   LANE. 


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