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Notes  and  Queries,  July  29, 1905. 


NOTES      AND      QUERIES: 


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FOB 


LITERARY    MEN,     GENERAL    READERS,     ETC. 


"When  found,  make  a  note  of." — CAPTAIK  CUTTLE. 


TENTH     SERIES.— VOLUME    III. 
JANUAEY — JUNE,  1905. 


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io<"  s.  in.  JAV. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


LQX11OX,  SATl  KDAY,  JAKUARi'  7, 


C  O  N  T  E  N  T  S.  -No.  ,->4. 

FOTBS  :—  Residence  Dinners  in  Durham,  1—  Shotley  Wills, 
2—  "Quandari*,"  4  -Knights  of  Windsor  —  "Dogmatism  is 
puppvism  full  grown"  —  "  Prickle-l>*t  "  —  Marquis  of  Salis- 
bury in  Fitzroy  Square—  '  The  Northampton  Mercury'  — 
Deaths  of  ilie  Aged  —  James  Clarence  Mangin.  5—"  Betty  " 
—Matthew  Arnold's  '  Horatian  Echo  '—  Millikiii-Entwisle 
Families,  6. 

QUERIES  :  —  Plundered  Pictures  —  TrtHeton  an.l  "  The 
Tabor"  —  Marriage  Service  —  Bridges,  a  Winchester  Com- 
moner, 7  —  Authors  of  Quotations  Wanted  —  St.  Anthony 
of  Padua  —  Count  A.  <le  Panigna  o  :  Holloway  —  Comet 
c.  ir><0—  Bail  of  Montrose—  Statue  in  a  Circle  of  B  >oks  — 
Walker  Family  —  Solitary  Mass—  Statutes  of  Merton,  8  — 
"Broken  heart"—  Calland—  C.  Hope  Weir  —  Horseshoes  for 
Luck—  Godiva's  Birthplace  —  Florida,  it. 

REPLIES  :  —  "  Was-ail,"  9  —  Christmas  Carols  :  Waits  : 
Guisers  —  "  An  o'd  woman  went  to  mmket,"  10  —  Bringing 
in  the  Yule  "Clog"  —  Christmas  under  Charles  I.,  11  — 
"Cursals  "  —  Pa'rick  Bell—  Mrs.  Carey,  12—  "  He  ?aw  a 
world"—  BirMi  at  S-a—  The  Mussnk—  'Steer  to  the  Nor'- 
Nor'-West,'  13  —  "Fortune  favours  fools"  —  Bananas  — 
School  Slates  —  Hicha'd  of  Scotland—  "Stub"  —  Vincent 
Stuckey  Lean,  11  —  Inscription  011  Statue  of  James  II.  — 
Blake:  Norman:  Oldmixon—  Travels  in  China,  ]."»—"  Mr. 
Pilblister  and  Betsy  hi*  sister"  —  Whitsunday—  Suppres- 
sion of  Duelling  in  England—  Angles  :  England—  Penny 
Wares  Wanted,  1(5  -Split  Innnitive  —  Excavations  at  Kich- 
borough  —  Pnrish  Clerk,  17  —  Chiltern  Hundreds  —  'The 
Death  of  Nelson,'  18. 

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Stratford-on-Avon  Shakespeare  —  'The  Poore's  Lamenta- 
tion for  the  Death  of  Queen  Elizabeth  '  —  '  Photograms  '  — 
'Clergy  Directory'  —  'Burlington  Magazine'  —  Keviews 
and  Magazines. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


RESIDENCE  DINNERS  IN  DURHAM. 

THERE  are  very  few  people  now  living  who 
remember  these  once  famous  entertainments. 
I  was  myself  a  guest  at  one  of  the  last  of 
them,  at  the  house  of  Dr.  Jenkyns,  who  died 
in  1878,  the  last  of  the  old  prebendaries, 
though  I  believe  he  was  not  quite  on  the 
same  footing  as  the  older  men  had  been. 
The  following  note  is  based  partly  on  my 
own  recollections,  and  partly  on  those  of 
siiy  friends  Mr.  Thomas  Jones,  of  Durham, 
Proctor  and  Notary,  and  the  Rev.  William 
Green  well,  Minor  Canon  and  Rector  of  St. 
Mary's  in  the  South  Bailey,  whose  memories 
of  Durham  go  much  further  back  than  mine 
•do. 

The  Dean  and  the  twelve  Prebendaries 
•of  the  foundation  of  Queen  Mary  each  kept 
three  weeks  of  "close  residence"  in  their 
turns,  during  which  they  always  slept  in 
their  houses  in  the  college,  maintained  hos- 
pitality, and  attended  every  service  in  the 
•cathedral,  or,  as  i  j  was  then  commonly  called, 
"the  abbey."  If  they  failed  to  comply  with 
any  one  of  the  above  customs  only  once, 
saving  by  reason  of  sickness  or  some  other 
urgent  cause,  they  began  their  residence 
over  again.  I  have  understood  that  Dean 


Waddington,  having  been  obliged  by  the 
death  of  a  near  relation  to  go  away  during 
his  close  residence,  took  it  again  from 
beginning  to  end. 

During  their  close  residence  the  Dean  and 
Prebendaries  gave  "  residence  dinners,"  about 
five  or  six,  or  two  a  week.  These  were  on 
a  very  bountiful  scale  in  respect  both  of 
meat  and  of  drink,  and  usually  took  place 
at  7  o'clock.  At  one  dinner  would  be  enter- 
tained nobility  and  gentry,  with  members 
of  the  Chapter,  and  the  more  wealthy  of  the 
beneficed  clergy ;  at  another,  the  Minor 
Canons,  the  head  master  and  second  master 
of  the  Grammar  School,  the  less  wealthy 
beneficed  clergy,  and  professional  men ;  at 
another,  the  Mayor  and  Corporation,  with 
other  citizens ;  at  another,  at  2  P.M.,  the 
singing  •  men,  with  tradesmen,  tfec.,  who 
always  went  from  the  dinner  to  the  after- 
noon service.  And  there  would  be  other 
dinners  for  guests  not  easily  classified.  At 
some,  probably  those  of  the  second  grade, 
there  would  be  officials  such  as  the  Receiver, 
the  Chapter  Clerk,  &c.  And  before  the  days 
of  railways,  when  strangers  in  Durham  were 
few  and  far  between,  they  came  in  for  their 
chance.  I  have  heard  my  father  say  that 
once  when  my  grandfather  and  he  were 
passing  through  Durham  they  attended  the 
afternoon  service,  immediately  after  which 
the  verger  came  to  them  with  "Archdeacon 
Bouyer's  compliments,  and  would  they  favour 
him  with  their  company  at  dinner  that 
evening  ? "  They  gladly  accepted  the  invi- 
tation. It  was  a  residence  dinner,  and  they 
met  the  famous  Count  Borouwlaski,  the 
Polish  dwarf,  who  then  lived  in  Durham. 
"The  little  count"  brought  his  own  tiny 
knife  and  fork,  now  in  the  Durham  Uni- 
versity Museum,  and  was  accommodated 
with  a  big  book  on  his  chair  to  raise  him 
to  the  height  of  the  table.  The  count  was, 
as  usual,  very  entertaining,  the  archdeacon 
very  kind  and  hospitable,  and  the  strangers 
enjoyed  a  delightful  evening.  At  the  end 
of  dinner  came  the  grace.  One  chorister,  in 
a  brown  gown  faced  with  white,  attended  by 
the  butler  with  a  shilling  on  a  silver  waiter, 
and  a  wax  candle  in  his  hand,  read,  in  English, 
the  first  portion  of  Psalm  cxix.,  "  Bead  imma- 
culati,"  on  a  monotone.  The  prebendary  said 
"Tu  autem,"  and  the  boy  went  on  with 
"Domine  miserere  nostri,''  on  a  monotone 
which  sweetly  sounded  through  the  great 
room.  The  prebendary  then  handed  the 
shilling  over  his  left  shoulder  to  the  boy,* 
who  descended  to  the  kitchen,  where  he 


I  remember  the  benevolent  smile  with  which 
Dr.  Jenkyns  did  this. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io'»  s.  m.  JAN.  7, 


received  a  posset  and  a  jelly  for  his  imme- 
diate delectation,  and  a  tart  and  a  cheesecake 
to  take  home  with  him.  At  least  that  is 
what  Mr.  Jones  remembers  to  have  been 
usual  when  he  was  a  chorister.  The  grace- 
cup  with  mulled  wine  went  round  to  all  the 
guests,  and  the  two  grace-cups  that  were  used 
are  still  in  the  possession  of  the  Chapter.  They 
are  a  very  fine  pair,  silver  gilt,  with  handles 
and  covers,  standing  about  15  inches  high, 
and  holding  about  three  pints  apiece.  They 
have  engraven  on  them  the  arms  of  the 
bishopric  ensigned  by  mitres.  The  date- 
letter,  confirmed  by  the  leopard's  head 
crowned,  shows  that  they  were  hall-marked 
in  1764. 

There  was  a  man  cook  in  the  service  of  the 
Chapter  who  went  from  house  to  house. 
The  last  but  one  was  named  Sanglier,  a 
Frenchman,  doubtless,  and  he  lived  in  the 
small  rectory  house  of  St.  Mary's  in  the 
South  Bailey. 

There  are  two  interesting  drawings,  dating 
from  about  1780,  in  the  Kaye  Collection  at 
the  British  Museum,  iii.  1,  2,  one  of  which 
represents  a  residence  dinner  at  Durham 
with  the  prebendary  at  the  head  of  the 
table,  in  gown,  cassock,  bands,  and  wig,  and 
about  half  a  dozen  gentlemen  in  the  pictur- 
esque dress  of  the  period  ;  these  are  the  only 
figures  shown  in  the  drawing.  The  other 
represents  a  number  of  old  women  in  uniform 
cloaks  sitting  at  a  long  table,  from  one  end 
of  which  the  prebendary,  habited  as  above, 
and  with  a  benevolent  smile,  as  in  the  case 
of  Dr.  Jenkyns  handing  the  shilling,  is 
distributing  to  them  long  clay  pipes.  They 
appear  to  have  just  had  their  dinner,  and 
the  grace-cup  is  on  the  table,  having  just 
gone  round.  The  expressions  on  their 
countenances  are  exactly  those  of  the  old 
women  in  Caldecott's  illustration  of  Mrs. 
Mary  Blaize,  when  she  "  strove  the  neigh- 
bourhood to  please  with  manners  wondrous 
winning,"  and  cups  of  tea.  J.  T.  F. 

Durham.  

SHOTLEY  WILLS,   1463-1538. 

THE  following  five  wills  have  been  tran- 
scribed from  the  registered  copies  preserved 
in  the  Probate  Court  at  Ipswich.  No.  I.  and 
No.  II.  are  written  in  abbreviated  Latin  in 
an  unusually  crabbed  hand,  by  no  means  easy 
to  decipher.  The  Latin  is  here  extended. 
A  few  words  have  baffled  the  skill  of  the 
modern  transcriber. 

The  parish  of  Shotley,  in  Suffolk,  occupies 
the  apex  of  a  triangle  of  land,  bounded  on 
its  two  sides  by  the  rivers  Orwell  and  Stour, 
and  having  for  its  base  the  railway  line  con- 


necting Manningtree  with  Ipswich.  The- 
parish  lies  in  two  manors— Over-Hall-with- 
Netherhall  and  Shotley  Hall  or  Kirk  ton. 

No.  I. 
(Book  II.,  fo.  120".) 

In  clei  nomine  Amen  septimo  Kalendas  Augus-tii 
Anno  Domini  millesimo  cccclxjij0.  Ego  Johannes 
Pertryche  de  Schotele  alias  Kyrketon  compos 
mentis  &  bene  memoria:  condo  testamentum  nieuin 
in  hunc  modum  In  primis  lego  Animam  meam  deo 
omnipotenti  beate  niarie  ac  omnibus  sanctis  corpus 
que  meum  ad  sepeliendum  in  cimiterio  beate  marie 
de  Schotle  alias  Kyrketon.  Item  lego  summo  Altari 
eiusdem  ecclesie  iij'  iiij'1  pro  decimis  oblationibus  <fc 
aliis  omissis  transactum.  Item  lego  ad  reparacionem 
ecclesie  beate  marie  de  Schotle  alias  Kyrketon 
infernio  siveexternio  ubicumque[?one  word]  necesse- 
facere  x1.  Item  convento  fratrum  Augustini  de 
Orford  x"  pro  xxxu  [a  trentall  Sancti  Gregorii.  Item 
convento  fratrum  minorum  Gippewici  x1  simili 
modo  pro  xxxu.  Item  lego  Johanne  Halle  uxori 
Roberti  Halle  filie  mee  xiij'  iiijj  sub  hac  condicione- 
viz.  nt  ipsa  Johanna  &  nee  ipse  Robertus  perturbant 
nel  [vel]  ad  [?  iniuriam]  aliquo  modo  proturbanfc 
sive  contradicant  Thomam  perteryche  filium  meum 
quacumqueexcausasiveproaliqua  viz.  sivebonamo- 
bilia  sive  immobilia  Efc  si  contingatquod  Absit  quod 
isti  duo  faciant  ut  laborant  contra  meam  ultimam 
voluntatem  tune  volo  quod  nichil  [nihil]  habeat 
sive  habeant  de  bouis  meis  nisi  ad  [?  one  word] 
predicti  Thomse  filii  mei  sicut  sibi  placuit  Residuum 
vero  omnium  bonorum  meorum  debitis  Abstractis 
do  <fc  lego  Thomce  pertryche  ac  Agneti  consorti  sue- 
heredibus  &  Assignatis  suis  ut  ipsi  ordinent  & 
disponant  pro  anima  mea  &  uxore  meo  [sic]  sicut 
melius  viderint  expedire  In  cuius  rei  testimonium 
sigillum  meum  presentibus  Apposui  ac  eciam  his 
testibus  domino  Andreo  capellano  Roberto  ov'ton 
ballivo  de  Herwiche  [Harwich]  Johanne  Hastyng' 
minore  de  Schotle  &  Aliis  multis  Anno  domini 
probatum  fuit,  &c.  Apud.  Gippewicum  xxiiij'0  die- 
mensis  Januarii  Anno  supradicto  Et  comyssa 
supradict'  etc. 

No.  II. 
(Book  III.  ,fo.  156b.) 

In  Dei  nomine  Amen  undecimo  die  mensis 
Novembris  Anno  domini  nullesimo  ccccmo  Ixxxxiij". 
Ego  Thomas  Pertryche  de  Schoteley  senior  compos 
mentis  et  sane  memorie  condo  testamentum  meum 
in  hunc  modum.  In  primis  lego  Animam  meam 
deo  omnipotenti  beate  marie  ac  omnibus  sanctis 
Corpus  que  meum  ad  sepeliendum  in  Cimiterio 
ecclesie  parochialis  de  Schotley  predicti.  Item, 
lego  summo  Altari  eiusdem  ecclesie  vi"  viij'1.  Item 
lego  fabricando  une  fenestre  in  parte  Australi  dicte 
ecclesie  iij1  iiijd.  Item  lego  domini  [sin]  fratrum- 
minorum  de  gippevvici  pro  uno  trigintali  pro  anima 
mea  ad  celebrandum  x".  Item  lego  domini  [.s:c] 
fratrum  Augustini  de  Orford  iij"  iiijd.  Item  lego 
Johanne  filie  mee  uxori  Johaniiis  worry  de  villa 
predicta  duas  pecias  terre  iacentes  infra  Sewair 
croft  cum  domo  k  gardina  sibi  &  heredibus  suis 
post  obitum  Agnetis  uxoris  nice.  Item  lego  Agneti 
uxori  mee  totum  illud  tenementum  in  quo  habito 
cum  omnibus  suis  pertinentiig  ubique  jacent  diu 
quedam  vixerit.  Et  volo  quod  post  decessum  uxoris 
mee  illud  tenementum  predictum  cum  pertinentiis 
auis  dividatur  inter  duos  filios  meos  equaliter  viz. 
Thomam  &  Johannem  Ita  eque  inter  eos  dividatur. 
Et  volo  quod  Johannes  filius  meus  habeat  mansiona 


s.  in.  JAN.  7, 1905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


sua  in  meo  tenemento  predicto  &  heredibus  suis  ita 
tanien  quod  Johannes  predictus  &  heredes  sui 
solvant  aut  solutum  faciant  Thome  p'tryche  filio 
meo  predicto  heredibus  &  executoribus  suis  unam 
porcionem  terre  ad  quantitatem  mei  dimidii 
tenement!  [?  one  word]  inter  vicinos  videbitur 
dividi.  Insuper  volo  quod  quis  filiorum  meorum 
super  vixit  quod  ille  habeat  sibi  aut  here- 
dibus suis  filiis  ant  filiabus  imperpetnom.  Et  si 
sorte  aliquis  filiorum  meorum  decesserit  absque 
[?  licita]  procreatione  quod  ex  [?four  words]  tene- 
mentum  meum  cum  omnibus  suis  pertinentiis 
vendatur  <fc  denarios  ex  eo  provenientes  dispo- 
iiandos  pro  me  uxore  mea  <fc  parentibus  meis.  Item 
lego  Johanne  filie  mee  predicte  unum  campum  qui 
vocatnr  overyard  quod  sicut  supra  ilium  donuim 
edificet  sibi  &  heredibus  suis  imperpetuum  ita 
lumen  quod  per  campum  predictum  habeat  via 
pedestrium  [?one  word]  que  ad  ecclesiam.  Insuper 
volo  quod  si  executores  mei  non  habeant  in  mobi- 
libus  unde  pro  me  disponant  quod  vendant  unam 
peciam  terre  &  pecunia  inde  provenienti  disponant 
prout  Salute  Anime  mee  videbitur  expedire.  Et 
si  Aliquis  filiorum  meorum  voluerit  illam  porti- 
onem  terre  comparare  volo  quod  illi  emant  pro  aliis 
lego  Thome  filio  Johannis  verrey  in  pecuniis  xx* 
vel  aliquod  aliud  ad  valorem  illius  pecunie.  Item 
volo  quod  le  gavell  pitte  que  jacet  in  pastura  que 
vocatur  subfen  quod  exspendatur  in  emendandum 
viam  quod  regiam  &  Alias  non  nisi  conveniant  cum 
executoribus  meis.  Residuum  vero  de  executoribus 
viz.  Thome  Blosse  seniori  de  Schotley  Thome 
p'tryche  filio  meo  &  Johanui  filio  meo  quod  ipsi 
disponant  pro  salute  Anime  mee  uti  deo  duce 
videbitur.  In  omnisrei  testimonium  sigillum  meum 
apposui  data  die  &  Anno  supra  dictis  hiis  [his] 
testibus  Johanne  pand'  Symone  merche  Adam 
bunsch.  Item  lego  &  do  Thome  p'trych  filio  meo  le 
wor'  [*K.]  growml  apud  fyschbane  &  quod  habeat 
siuun  placitum  in  omnibus  terris  meis  viz.  venando 
£  volucres  capiendo. 

Probatum  &c.  coram  nobis  apud  Gippewicum 
ultimo  die  meusis  Januarii  Anno  domini  supra 
dictp.  Et  commissa  &c.  Thome  Blosse  &  Thome 
p'trich'  executoribus  juratis  &c.  Reservata  [potes- 
tate]  Alleri  coexecutori  cum  venerit  &c. 

No.  III. 

(Book  XL,  fo.  53". ) 

In  the  name  of  god  Amen.  And  in  the  yere  of 
our  lord  god  M1  ccccc  xxxij  the  xxiiiju  Daye  of 
August  I  John  P'tryche  of  Shotley  in  the  Countie 
of  Boffin  theDiocise  of  Norwich  yeman  beyng  in 
good  memorye  att  that  tyme  lauded  be  god  make 
this  my  testament  and  last  Will  fErst  I  bequeth  my 
soule  to  the  blessed  Trinite  our  blissed  ladye  and 
to  all  the  holie  companye  of  hevyn.  And  my  bodie 
to  be  buried  in  the  cherch  yerde  of  Shotley.  Also  I 
bequeth  to  the  highe  Aulter  of  the  said  cherch  for 
my  oblacions  and  tythes  forgoten  iijs;  iiijrf.  Also 
I  bequeth  to  my  mother  cherch  of  Norwich  iiijtf. 
Also  I  Will  that  myn  Executors  shall  honestlie 
bury  me  and  kepe  my  xxx"  Daye  and  my  yere 
Daye.  Also  I  Will  that  myn  Wyff  shall  haue 
terme  of  her  lyff  myn  tenement  that  I  clwelle  in 
W'  all  the  londes  therto  belongyng  And  all  my 
other  tenements  <fc  londes  both  fre  and  copye 
Where  so  euyr  they  Do  lye  Durying  hir  lyff  naturall 
and  keping  hir  selff  a  wedowe.  Also  I  Will  aftr 
my  Wyffs  deth  that  Margaret  my  Doughter  haue 
my  teneme't  callyd  Harlyuggs  and  Popys  felde 
somtyme  Jamys  Brausyu.  Also  I  Will  aftr  the 


Decease  of  my  Wyff  the  said  Margaret  shall  haue 
a  close  called  Shorte  londe  close.     Also  I  Will  that 
aftr  my  Wyffs  deth   Which  of  my  two  Doughters 
Elizabeth     and     Margaret    be    habelest     [ablest, 
most    able]      to    by    my    house    that    I    dwelle 
in     W     the    Close     the     yerdys     and     gardeyn 
plottys  therto  belongyng  conteyneng  by  estimation, 
iiij  acres  more  or  lesse  payeng  to  there  susters  than 
beyng  a  lyve  or  to  there  children  of  there  bodies 
laufullye  begoton  v  markys  starlyng  to  eu'y  suster 
that  is  to  seye  eu'y  yere  vjs.  viijrf.  to  eu'y  oon  of 
them  till  the  s'm  of  x&  be  paide  equallie  to  them  or 
to  there  children.     Yf  ony  of  myn  Doughters  Dye 
be  fore  there  mother  that  than  I  Will  that  there 
susters  than  beyng  a  lyve  shall  haue  porcion  and 
parte  equallye  to  be  deuyded  be  twyxt  them  or 
there  children  beyng  a  lyve  yf  ony  they  haue  lauful- 
lye begoton  As  is  before  Writon.     Also  I  bequeth 
to  the  said  Elizabeth  my  Doughter  aftr  her  mothers 
deth  oon  acre  in  newecroft  callyd  Dorokys  acre  w* 
all  the  residue  in  the  same  felde.   Also  I  bequeth  to 
the  said  Elizabeth  aftr  hir  mothers  dethe  a  medowe 
callyd  brodrushe  Rye  close  &   also   [?f]ulsen    o'y 
Wyse  called  heyclose.     And  [fo.  53b]    yf    all  my 
doughters  dye  or  there  mother  than  I  will  that  all 
my  nouses  &  londes  whereso  euyr  they  lye  be  solde 
aftr  my  wyffs  deth  by  her  executors  or  assignors 
And  the  money  thereof  comyng  to  be  disposed  in 
messys  and  dedys  of  charite  most   pleasing   god 
and    for    saluacon    of  our  soulys  and  all    cristen 
soulys.    Reseruyd  ahvey  to  there  children  yf  ony 
they    haue    than  beyng  a  lyve  v  markys  a  pece 
growyng  &  comyng  of  the  sale  of  all  myn  tene- 
ments &  londes  a  fore  writen.     Also    I   bequeth 
to  my  Wyff  all  myn  moveabillys  to  do  w'  them 
what  she  will  payeng  my  dettys  and  p'formyng 
this  my  last  will  and  testament.    Also  I  requyre 
all  my  Eoffeoffers  in  all  my  said  houses  &  londes  to 
deliue'  estate  whan  they  shalbe  requyred  to  the 
p'formaunce  of  this  my  last  will  and  testament  [?  one 
word]  I  make  &  ordeyn  myn  executrices  my  Wyff 
Elizabeth  myn  doughter  and  Margarett  to  se  this 
my  last  will  p'formyd.     Also  I  will  that  my  Wyff 
shall  have  my  Close  called  Parmentars  otherwise 
callyd  Bettys  close  in  fee  simple  that  is  to  geue  and 
to  selle.     And  also  I  will  that  John  Smyth  my 
godson     shall    haue    iij.«.   iiijrf.      And    also    I    do 
faythfullie  requyre  and  desire  the  p'son  of  Er%varton 
S'  Nycoll    to    be  sup'viso1    and    assistent    to    my 
executrices  in  good  councell  to  the  p'formaunce  of 
this   my  last    will  and   testament   &  he  to  haue 
vjv.  viijtf.     In  witnesse  whereof  I  haue  putt  to  my 
scale  In  the  p'sence  of  Thomas  Blosse  and  George 
Warre  w*  other  mo.     Also  I  will  that  if  ony  of 
my  doughters  stryve  w*  other  or  with  my  executrix 
so  that  this  my  last  will  shall  be  hendered  &  take 
noon  effecte  or  onysute  to  be  made  that  than  I  will 
that  hir  parte  shalbe  deuyded  &  go  equallie  to  the 
Residue  of  hir  susters  non  stry  vyng.    Be  it  knowen 
to  all  men  that  1  syr  John  Jermyn  priest  att  the 
instaunce  of  the  good  man  p'trych  [?  end  wanting]. 

Proved  at  Ipswich,  27  Sept.,  1532,  by  the  execu- 
trixes. 

No.  IV. 
( Book  X III.,  fo.  51\) 

In  the  name  of  god  amen.  I  Margery  Partrych 
Syngylwoman  of  Shotteley  beyng  in  good  mynd  & 
hole  memory  the  xxvjte  day  of  March  in  the  yere  of 
or  Lord  god  M'ccccc  xxxviijte  make  of  last  will  and 
Testament  in  this  man'  folowyng  ffyrst  I  bequeth 
my  Soule  to  Allmyghtie  god  my  maker  &  to  o' 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io«- s.  m.  JAN-.  7,  im 


ILady  saynt  Mary  &  vnto  all  the  holy  companye  of 
Hevyn  &  my  body  to  be  buryed  in  the  Cherch  yarde 
of  Shotteley  aforesaid.  Item  1  bequeth  my  Ten'fc 
lyeng  in  Dedh'm  [in  Essex]  holdyn  by  Copy  of 

•Courte  Rolle  wl  all  the  londs  therto  belongyng 
to  my  Syster  Elyzabeth  Partrych  hyr  heyers  & 
assigneis  aftr  the  deth  of  my  Mother  Isabell  Part- 
rych And  tlie  Residue  of  all  my  goods  I  gene  vnto 
my  Mother  &  my  Syster  Elyzabeth  aforesaid  for  to 

•  se    me  Honestlye  buryed.     Whom    I    make    myn 

•  executryces.     Wyttenes  of   this  my  powre  [poor] 
Will  and  Testament  Syr  John  Bulle  pryst  Rycharde 
Maye  &  Margerye  May  w*  other. 

Proved  at  Ipswich,  8  Oct.,  1538. 

Dedham  lies  in  the  valley  of  the  Stour, 

which  separates  Essex  from  Suffolk.     Ded- 

•ham  is   bounded   by  the  Essex  parishes  of 

Langham,  Ardleigh,  and  Lawford,  and  the 

.'Suffolk  parishes  of  Stratford   St.  Mary  and 

•East  Bergholt.  It  is  not  improbable  that  from 

'the  Partridges   of    Shotley    were   descended 

•the  Partridges  whose  history  begins  in    the 

•registers  of    Stratford     and    the    adjoining 

•  parish  of  Higham  in  the  years  1589  and  1585 

•  respectively.       See     'Partridge    of    Shelley 
Hall '  in  Muskett's  '  Suffolk  Manorial  Farui- 

'liea.'  ii.  165-70. 

No.  V. 

(Book  XIII. ,  fo.  7b.) 

In  the  name  of  god  Amen  I  Isabell  pertryche 

wedowe  of  the  p'ish  of  Shotteley  in  Suff  beyng  in 

;  good  mynde  lawded  be  Jesu  The  iiijte  daye  of  Apryll 

&    the    yere    of    our    lorde    god    M'cccccxxxviij" 

make    my  last  will    &    Testament    in    this    man' 

.  &   forme    folowyng    [fo.   8"]    ffyrst  I  bequeth   my 

>  soule  to  god  to  our  ladye  <fc  to  all  the  companye 

in  hevyn  my  body  to  be  buryed  in  the  cherch  yarde 

•  of  Shotley  I  bequeth  to  the  high  Aulter  ther  iiij'1 
•for  my  tythes  forgotton  &  not  don.  Item  I  bequeth  ij 

Trentallys  of  three  score  masses  to  be  said  by  some 

honest  pryst  for  my  husbonds  soule  &  myn  ft  our 

•ffrynds  Soulls.     Item  I  bequeth  &  geue  to  Johan 

'Pette  the  yonger  iiijnr  Ewe  lambys.   Item  I  bequeth 

to  my  doughter  Elyzabeth    p'trych    my    pece    of 

;  grounde  callyd  Belts  the  which  I  gaue  hyr  State 

•in  tyll  such  tyme  as  the  said  Johan  Pette  com  to 

the  age  of  xxt!  yerys.    Then  she  to  haue  yt.    And  yf 

•yt  fortune  hyr  to  dye  or  [before]  that  tyme  Than 

the  said  pece  of  grouude  to  remayno  to  my  said 

.  doughter  Elyzabeth  &  to  hyr  assign'  in  ffee  Symplee 

'for  en'.     And  I  will   the  rente  therof    be  payde 

alweys  &  as  yt  hath  eu'  be  in  the  house  that  I  dwell 

in.     And  also  I  geue  to  the  said  Johan  Pette  my 

'  Ten'tt  callyd  Burton  when  she  comyth  to  the  age 

aforesaid.     And  yf  she  dye  a  fore  the  age     Than 

my  said  doughter   Elyzabeth   to  haue  yt  in    ffee 

•Symplee  as  ys  aforesaid  wreton.     Also  I  geue  to 

•the  said  Johan  Pette  oon  Brasse  pott  next  the  best 

•whan  she  comyth  to  the  age  aforesaid.  The  Resydue 

•  of  all  my  gooddys  moveabylls  &  vnmoveabyHs  wher 
so  eu'  they  ley  or  be   I  geue  to  my  said  doughter 

i  Elyzabeth  payeng  my  detts  and  honestlye  buryyng 
me.  And  eu'  a  monge  as  she  may  be  some  dedys 
of  Charytie  to  remembyr  my  soule  my  husbonds 
soule  &  all  Oystyn  soulls  or  cause  to  be  don. 
Whom  I  ordeyri  &  make  my  sole  executryx  and 
:Sup'vysor  Master  Symoncle  Nycolls  p'son  of  Erwar- 
.'toii  whom  I  geue  iij'  iiij'1.  These  be  wyttcnes  of 


this  my  last  will  and  Testament  Thomas  Blosse  the 
elder  Rychard  Brome  John  Turnor  Will'm  Smyth 
and  John  Branston  the  elder. 

[Fo.  8b]  Proved  at  Ipswich,  5  May,  1538,  by  the 
executrix. 

No.  V.  appears  to  be  the  last  recorded  will 
of  any  Partridge  of  Shotley,  but  the  following 
notes  prove  that  the  name  continued  to 
exist  in  the  parish.  The  register  is  incom- 
plete :  baptisms  begin  in  1644,  marriages  in 
1687/8,  and  burials  in  1571.  An  examination 
of  the  last  section  down  to  1612  brought  to 
light  eight  entries  relating  to  a  family  named 
Patrick,  and  also  the  two  following,  both  in 
1604  :— 

The  same  daie  [30  of  August]  An  infant  the 
daughf  of  Thorn's  patrich  bur. 

The  23  of  December  Thorn's  Patrich  the  husband 
of  Mary  bur. 

The  following  notes  are  from  various 
sources  : — 

1628,  22  April,  marriage  licence,  Thomas 
Fuller,  widower,  and  Alice  Pattriche  of 
Shotley,  widow,  to  be  married  at  S.  Helen's, 
Ipswich. 

1639,  18  Oct.,  administration  of  Alice 
Partrige  of  Shotley  granted  to  her  aunt 
Susan,  wife  of  William  Browne,  during  the 
minority  of  her  sisters,  Mary  and  Hester 
Fuller. 

1657,  26  Nov.,  administration  of  Alice 
Partridge,  late  of  Shotley,  Suffolk,  spinster, 
granted  to  Henry  Partridge,  her  uncle 
(P.O  C.). 

1671,  "John  paterredg  of  Shotely  singell- 
man  and  Mary  Barrnard  ware  married  the 
24th  of  August"  (Brantham  parish  register) 

1728,  marriage  licence,  John  Partridge,  of 
Shotley,  Suffolk,  to  Ann  Waller  of  the  same, 
at  Mistleigh  or  Manningtree.  E.  M. 


"  QUANDARY."  —  Many  speculations  have 
been  hazarded  as  to  the  origin  of  this  word  ; 
but  we  have  all  of  us  overlooked  a  highly 
important  piece  of  evidence,  to  which  Dr. 
Ellis  drew  attention  as  far  back  as  1871. 
The  '  N.E.D.'  gives  the  earliest  quotation  as 
from  Lily's  'Euphues':  "in  a  great  qunn- 
darie,"  ed.  Arber,  p.  45,  the  date  being 
1579. 

The  next  quotation  is  the  very  important 
one  from  Stanyhurst's  '  Virgil '  (ed.  Arber, 
p.  94)  in  which  quanddre  is  so  used  as  to  show 
that  the  accent  was  on  the  penultimate,  the 
date  being  1582. 

The  next  quotation  is  dated  1611.  But 
there  is  another  notice  of  the  word,  in  1582, 
which  practically  explains  its  origin.  This 
is  from  Rich.  Mulcaster's  '  First  Part  of  the 
Elementarie  which  'entreateth  chefelie  of 


io'»  s.  in.  JAN.  7, 1905.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


the  right  writing  of  our  English  tung,' 
printed  at  London,  1582. 

In  describing  the  sound  of  the  letter  e 
Mulcaster  says  : — 

"Whensoeuer  E  is  the  last  letter  [in  a  word] 
and  soundeth,  it  soundeth  sharp,  as  me,  #<•'  [see], 
v:e,  ayre  [agree]:  sailing  in  the,  the  article,  ye  the 
pronown,  and  in  Latin  words,  or  of  a  Latin  form, 
when  tlieie  be  vsed  Knglish-like,  as  certiorare  [.sic], 
qn.andare,  where  e,  soundeth  full  and  brode  after 
the  origiuall  Latin." 

This  is  to  say,  that  an  expert  in  English 
pronunciation,  writing  at  the  very  time 
when  the  word  was  quite  new,  distinctly 
tells  us  that  quandare  is  a  word  "  of  a  Latin 
form,"  and  that  it  is  used  "English-like," 
i.e ,  with  some  very  slight  change.  Dr.  Ellis 
remarks  on  this  :  "  Observe  that  quandary 
is  referred  to  a  Latin  origin,  quam  dare,  as  if 
they  were  the  first  words  of  a  writ."  See  his 
'English  Pronunciation,'  p.  912. 

I  much  doubt  if  quam  dare  is  right ;  it  is 
difficult  to  see  how  a  sentence  can  thus  begin. 
But  if  any  one  can  produce  an  example,  the 
question  will  be  settled. 

My  own  guess  is  that  quan:  dare  is  a 
playful  mode  of  reference  to  the  phrase 
quantum  dare,  "  how  much  to  give."  This  is 
a  question  which  causes  perplexity  every 
day,  notably  to  one  who  contemplates  going 
to  law,  or  contributing  a  subscription,  or 
buying  any  luxury  or  even  any  necessity. 
At  every  turn  this  searching  question  puts 
the  thinker  "in  a  quandary."  For  such  an 
abbreviation,  compare  rerbum  sap.,  infra  dig., 
pro  tern.,  nem.  con.,  &c. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

KNIGHTS  OF  WINDSOR.  (See  5th  S.  v.  209, 252 ) 
— A  paragraph  from  Australia,  which  has  been 
copied  into  The  British  Australasian,  alludes 
to  the  succession  to  an  English  baronetcy  of  a 
Hobart  cabman,  and  adds  that  "the  position 
carries  an  income  of  about  4,000^.  yearly,  and 
residence  at  the  Royal  Foundation,  Windsor 
Castle."  The  statements  as  to  income  and 
residence  can  hardly  both  be  true,  and  may 
neither  of  them  be  so.  But  a  correspondence 
as  to  the  "Poor  Knights"  may  be  supple- 
mented by  this  note.  D. 

"DOGMATISM  is  PUPPYISM  FULL  GROAVN." 
(See  10th  S.  ii.  520.)- Quoted,  and  I  think  the 
source  given,  in  Crabb  Robinson's  'Diary.' 

W.  T. 

"  PRICKLE-BAT."—  Stickle-back,  stickle-bay, 
and  j)rickle-back  are  well-known  variants  of 
this  friend  of  our  childhood,  and  I  think  I 
have  come  across  dittle-bat.  The  above, 
however,  is  a  new  acquaintance,  and  is  to  be 
found  in  Hassell's  '  Life  of  Morland,'  p.  106, 


where  the  author  gives  the  title  to  one  of  his- 
pictures   as    'Children    fishing    for   Prickle- 
bats.'  HOLCOMBE  INGLEBY. 

MARQUIS  OF  SALISBURY  IN  FITZROY  SQUARE.. 
— In  the  notices  of  the  career  of  the  late 
Marquis  of  Salisbury  which  appeared  in  the- 
newspapers  on  the  occasion  of  his  death,, 
reference  was  made  to  the  fact  that  in  his 
early  days  he  lived  in  a  part  of  London  not 
usually  patronized  by  the  members  of  our 
great  families.  Amongst  his  London  resi- 
dences I  saw  no  mention  of  No.  21,  Fitzroy 
Square,  where  he  lived  from  1860  to  1862. 
He  was  then  Lord  Robert  Talbot  Oascoigne 
Cecil,  M.P.  for  Stamford.  I  have  verified  the 
entry  in  the  directory  by  the  St.  Pancras 
rate- books,  and  find  that  the  house  was  rated  < 
at  901.  It  is  now  occupied  by  the  British 
and  Foreign  Sailors'  Society.  R.  B.  P. 

'  THE  NORTHAMPTON  MERCURY.'   (See  8th  S. 
vi.  25.) — As  an  addition  to  my  note  at  the- 
above   reference,   I  send    on    the    following 
cutting  taken  from  The  Daily  Mail  of  3  De- 
cember last : — 

"  A  famous  county  newspaper,  The  Northampton 
Mercury,  has  just  changed  hands,  the  proprietors,. 
Messrs.  S.  S.  Campion  &  Sons,  having  sold  it  to  a 
local  syndicate.  This  is  the  only  paper  in  the 
kingdom  which  can  prove  unbroken  publication  for 
one  hundred  and  eighty-four  years.  It  has  also  the- 
distinction  of  being  the  oldest  privately-owned, 
paper  in  England.  It  was  founded  in  1720  by 
Robert  Raikes,  the  philanthropist,  and  William 
Dicey,  ancestor  of  Professor  Dicey.  The  founders 
started  the  famous  Dicey  Chap-books,  and  remainedi 
for  over  fifty  years  the  principal  producers  of  chap- 
books  and  broadsheets." 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

DEATHS  OF  THE  AGED. — In  The  Guardian's 
obituary  list  of  14  December  last  forty- three 
deaths  are  recorded.  In  six  cases  the  age  is- 
not  stated.  Of  the  remaining  thirty-seven 
eleven  were  aged  ninety  and  over  the  senior 
being  the  Rev.  George  Elton,  M.A.Cantab., 
aged  ninety-five;  eleven  were  between  eighty 
and  ninety;  eight  between  seventy  and  eighty; 
five  between  sixty  and  seventy ;  onefifty -eight, 
and  the  youngest  of  the  whole  list  fifty-two. 
Out  of  the  whole  forty-three  thirty-one  were 
males.  It  would  be  easy  to  supplement  this 
list  from  other  papers.  An  aunt  of  my  own 
died  on  1  December  in  her  ninety-ninth 
year.  The  unseasonably  severe  cold  at  the 
end  of  November  was,  no  doubt,  the  cause 
of  a  large  proportion  of  these  deaths. 

CECIL  DE.EDES. 

Chichester. 

JAMES  CLARENCE  MANGAN.— In  the  intro- 
duction to  his  'Life  of  Mangan'  Mr.  D.  J. 


6 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io«-  s.  111.  JAN.  7,  iocs. 


O'Donoghue  quotes  the  following  statement 
from  a  memoir  prefaced  by  John  Mitchel 
to  his  edition  of  Mangan's  poems  :  "  He 
n-ever  published  a  line  in  any  English 
periodical."  Tins  statement  is  disproved,  by 
the  sudden  appearance  to  the  writer  of  an 
oversetting  of  Schiller's  poem  '  Hope,'  which 
is  to  be  found  in  vol.  vii.  N.S.  of  Chambers'  s 
•Journal,  April,  1847.  This  poem,  which  does 
not  appear  in  any  edition  of  Mangan's  poetry, 
runs  as  follows  :— 

The  future  is  man's  immemorial  hymn. 

In  vain  runs  the  present  a-wasting  : 
To  a  golden  goal  in  the  distance  dim 

In  life,  in  death,  he  is  hasting. 
Ihe  world  grows  old,  and  young,  and  old, 
iJut  the  ancient  story  still  bears  to  be  told. 

Hope  smiles  on  the  boy  from   the  hour  of   his 

birth  ; 

To  the  youth  it  gives  bliss  without  limit  ; 
It  gleams  for  old  age  as  a  star  on  earth, 

And  the  darkness  of  death  cannot  dim  it. 
*ts  rays  will  gild  even  the  fathomless  gloom 
When  the  pilgrim  of  life  lies  down  in  the  tomb. 

Never  deem  it  a  Shibboleth  phrase  of  the  crowd, 

Never  call  it  the  dream  of  a  rhymer  ; 
I  lie  instinct  of  Nature  proclaims  it  aloud  :— 

We  are  destined  for  something  sublimer. 
Ihis  truth  which  the  witness  within  reveals 
Ihe  purest  worshipper  deepliest  feels. 

J.  C.  Mangan. 

J.  CRAUFORD  NEIL. 
2,  Dolphin  Terrace,  S.C.R.,  Dublin. 


."  (See  9th  S.  xi.  227.)—  Some 
American  students  at  Gottingen  told  me 
that  they  have  heard  the  term  "  black  betty  " 
used  in  the  United  States  of  a  kind  of  "  black 
pudding"  or  "haggis."  On  p.  50  of  'A 
.New  Dictionary  of  Americanisms,'  by  Sylva 
Clapin,  one  reads:  "  Hetty,  the  straw- 
bound  and  pear-shaped  flask  of  commerce, 
in  which  olive  oil  is  brought  from  Italy." 

E.  S.  DODGSON. 
[The  latter  meaning  is  noted  in  the  'N.E.D.'J 

MATTHEW  ARNOLD'S  '  HORATIAN  ECHO.'— 
This  poem  appeared  first  in  The  Century 
Guud  Nobly  Horse  for  July,  1887.  Arnold 
was  a  constant  reader  of  this  magazine,  and 
on  his  expressing  a  wish  that  "something 
could  be  done"  to  render  its  publicity  less 
restricted,  a  friend—  one  of  the  leaders  of  the 
Guild—  suggested  that  the  poet  might  him- 
self do  something  "  by  sending  them  a  con- 
tribution. In  reply,  while  pointing  out  his 
inability,  through  pressure  of  work,  to 
promise  anything,"  the  illustrious  patron 
•agreed  that  "if  he  could  make  anything  of 
;a  little  Horatian  Echo,  in  verse,  which  had 
Jam  by  for  years,  discarded  because  of  an 
•unsatisfactory  stanza,  they  should  have  it  " 
Within  a  few  weeks  the  revised  MS.  was 


sent,   bearing    the    date    1847 — "a   relic    of 

youth quite  artificial  in  sentiment,"  but 

containing  "some  tolerable  lines,  perhaps." 
The  friend  above  alluded  to,  upon  receipt  of 
the  poem,  wrote  back  inquiring  whether  the 
author  had  not  intended  the  title  to  be  in 
the  plural  or  '  An  Horatian  Echo.'  To  this 
"the  ex-School-Inspector  "  answered  that  if 
the  plural  were  used  it  was  to  be  Echoes,  not 
Echos ;  but  "the  composer"  thought  that 
"  the  singular  was  preferable."  Hence  the 
title  as  we  know  it — '  Horatian  Echo.' 

W.  BAILEY-KEMPLING. 

MILLIKIN-ESTWISLE  FAMILIES.  —  Extracts 
are  given  below  from  the  will  of  Catherine 
Price,  of  the  parish  of  St.  Mary,  Woolnoth, 
in  the  City  of  London  : — 

"  To  be  buried  in  the  churchyard  of  Lee,  Kent. 
Mentions  indenture  bearing  date  Nov.,  1743,  be- 
tween Henry  Price,  then  of  the  parish  of  Saint 
Bride's  (my  late  husband),  and  Francis  Smith,  of 
the  parish  of  St.  Paul,  Covent  Garden,  relating  to 
10  acres  of  land  in  Unwell,  in  the  county  of  Norfolk; 
15  acres  in  Upwell,  in  a  place  called  .Netmore,  in 
the  occupation  of  John  May ;  also  lot  of  16  acres 
called  Lake's  End,  in  Upwell,  in  the  occupation 
of  John  Raper ;  also  the  '  Hen  and  Chickens '  in 
Whitechapel  High  Street,  in  the  occupation  of 
John  Allen  ;  also  one  undivided  third  part  of  tene- 
ments in  Noble  Street,  in  the  parish  of  St.  Olave, 
Sikver  [?  Silver]  Street. 

"Bequeaths  'Hen  and  Chickens'  to  Mary  Ent- 
wisle, Margaret  Entwisle,  and  Jane  Millikin, 
widow,  all  of  Lombard  Street,  London,  milliners, 
and  immediately  after  their  decease  to  the  use  of 
Halley  Benson  Millikin,  son  of  the  said  Jane 
Millikin.  Legacies  to  '  my  cousin  Robert  Smith,' 
4  Elizabeth  Caton,  niece  of  my  said  late  husband.' 
Mary  Entwisle  sole  executrix.  Witnesses— Basil 
Herne,  Basil  Herne  [sic],  William  Herne. 

"Dated  July 8,  1764.  Proved  Nov.  14,  1765,  by 
Mary  Entwisle,  sole  executrix." — P.C.C.,  Register 
Rushworth,  fo.  423. 

A  correspondent  says  : — 

"  Part  of  Lombard  Street  is  in  the  parish  of 
St.  Mary,  Woolnoth,  and  I  conjecture  that  in  her 
second  widowhood  Catherine  Price  went  to  live 
with  the  sisters  Eutwisle. 

"  As  to  the  houses  and  land  which  appear  to  have 
been  settled  on  the  second  marriage  of  Catherine, 
it  is  not  clear  whether  they  originally  formed  part 
of  her  estate  or  of  that  of  Henry  Price.  Possibly 
the  part  of  tenements  in  Noble  Street  came  to  her 
From  her  first  husband." 

The  purport  of  the  above  will  be  made 
rather  more  clear  by  adding  that  Katherine 
Price,  younger  surviving  daughter  of  Dr. 
Edmond  Halley,  had  first  married,  2  October, 
1721,  Richard  Butler, of  St. Martin '8-le-Gran.fi, 
widower  (cp.  published  'Register  of  Church 
of  St.  Margaret,  Lee,'  p.  13).  Her  second 
liusband  was  Henry  Price,  who  died  in 
January,  1764. 

Reference  to  the  marriage  of  James  Milli- 
kin. and  Jane  Entwisle,  26  October,  1749, 


io*  s.  in.  JAN.  7,  iocs.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


was  made  at  9th  S.  xi.  85  ;  xii.  185.  Their 
son  Halley  Benson  Millikin  (born  circa 
1750  ?)  must  have  received  his  first  Christian 
name  in  consequence  of  an  early  acquaint- 
ance (if  not  blood  relationship)  existing 
between  the  respective  families. 

EUGENE  F  AIRFIELD  Me  PIKE. 
Chicago,  U.S. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  sent  to  them 
direct. 

PLUNDERED  PICTURES.  —  In  one  of  the 
admirable  "Murrays,"  which  seldom  nod, 
though  sometimes,  as  in  the  case  of  the 
charges  of  what  was  the  dearest  hotel  in  the 
world,  they  become  out  of  date  by  reason  of 
change,  I  find  a  paragraph  which  is  worth  a 
query.  It  is  in  the  handbook  which  includes 
Lyons.  The  account  of  that  provincial 
museum  needs  some  alteration.  There  are 
at  least  four  pictures  of  great  literary  interest 
which  are  not  named,  probably  because  the 
writer  of  the  handbook  despised  the  nine- 
teenth century.  The  lives  of  George  Sand 
and  of  Madame  de  Stae'l  are  conspicuously 
illustrated  by  two  of  them ;  the  Romantic 
movement  by  a  third  ;  and  the  Napoleonic 
story  by  a  fourth.  Moreover,  the  frescoes  of 
Puvis  de  Chavannes  now  need  notice. 

The  query  is  called  for  by  an  allusion  to  the 
"Lyons  Perugino"  as  having  been  "  presented 
to  the  city  of  Lyons  in  1815,  by  Pius  VII." 
Is  not  this  one  of  the  hundred  pictures, 
mostly  Peruginos,  which  were  "comman- 
deered "  from  the  city  of  Perugia  and 
its  inhabitants  by  the  French  revolutionary 
forces?  Is  it  not  the  case  that  when  the 
Duke  of  Wellington  marched  the  High- 
landers into  the  Louvre  to  see  that  the  Pope 
got  back  his  pictures,  which  Louis  XVIII. 
was  most  unwilling  to  give  him,  there  were 
only  two  Peruginos  there  1  I  always  heard 
that  the  excellent  taste  which  dictated  the 
robbery  at  Perugia  of  exactly  the  right 
things  was  at  that  time  in  advance  of  the 
taste  manifested  in  Paris  by  the  art  authori- 
ties. The  result  was  that,  of  all  the  admirable 
pictures  by  Perugino  captured, only  two  were 
thought  good  enough  for  the  Louvre,  and  all 
the  others  had  been  scattered  to  the  pro- 
vinces. The  Duke  of  Wellington  had  trouble 
enough  over  getting  back  the  pictures 
in  the  Louvre,  without  bothering  to  repeat 
the  process  in  every  provincial  museum. 
The  Pope  did  not  send  back  the  two  to 


Perugia,  of  which  they  had  been  the  glory, 
but  retained  them  in  the  Vatican,  where  they 
are  still.  Did  he  add  insult  to  injury  by 
giving  to  France  the  others  which  he  did  not 
retain  for  his  own  glory  ?  How  were  they 
his  to  give?  D. 

TARLETON,  THE  SIGN  OF  "THE  TABOR,"  AND 
ST.  RENNET'S  CHURCH.— In  '  Twelfth  Night,' 
III.  i.,  we  have  : — 

Viola.  Save  thee,  friend,  and  thy  music :  dost 
thou  live  by  thy  tabor  ? 

Cloicn.  No,  sir,  I  live  by  the  church. 

Viola.  Art  thou  a  churchman  ? 

Clown.  No  such  matter,  sir :  I  do  live  by  the 
church  ;  for  I  live  at  my  house,  and  my  house  doth 
stand  by  the  church. 

In  Act  V.  i.  42,  the  Clown  says:  "The 
bells  of  Saint  Bennet,  sir,  may  put  you  in 
mind." 

Malone  stated  that  "The  Tabor"  was  the 
sign  of  an  eating-house  kept  by  Tarleton, 
the  celebrated  clown  or  fool  of  the  theatre 
before  Shakespeare's  time.  Boswell  said  that 
Malone  was  mistaken,  and  that  the  sign  of 
Tarleton's  house  was  "The  Saba,"  meaning 
the  Queen  of  Sheba.  See  Boswell's  '  Malone's 
Variorum,'  1821. 

In  a  recent  pamphlet  it  is  stated  that 
Malone  was  right ;  that  Tarleton's  house 
was  at  "  The  Sign  of  the  Tabor  "  ;  and  that, 
moreover,  it  was  next  to  St.  Bennet's  Church 
in  Gracechurch  or  Gracious  Street.  If  this 
is  true  the  two  passages  quoted  would  seem 
to  be  most  interesting  topical  allusions,  and 
tend  to  fix  a  much  earlier  date  for  the  play 
than  is  usually  assigned  it.  What  are  the 
facts,  so  far  as  can  be  ascertained  1  Was  it 
"  The  Tabor  "  t  And  was  there  a  St.  Bennet's 
Church  in  Gracious  Street  ?  QUIRINUS. 

New  York. 

MARRIAGE  SERVICE.— What  is  the  origin 
of  '  The  Form  of  Solemnization  of  Matri- 
mony' in  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer?  Who 
was  the  author  of  the  service  as  it  now 
stands  ?  If  it  is  a  translation,  from  what 
Roman  office  is  it  translated?  There  is  no 
corresponding  office  now  existing  in  the 
Roman  liturgy.  B. 

BRIDGES,  A  WINCHESTER  COMMONER. — In 
1833  William  Thomas  Bridges,  only  son  of 
Capt.  Philip  Henry  Bridges,  R.N.,  entered 
Winchester  College  as  a  Scholar.  His  record 
is  as  follows :  C.C.C.,  Oxon.,  B.A.  1843,  M.A. 
184G,  D.C.L.  1856;  barrister,  Middle  Temple, 
1847  ;  Acting  Att.-Gen.  at  Hongkong,  1854-7; 

m.,   1856,  Frances  Gertrude,  widow  of 

Carrow,  and  d.  of Broderip  ;  d.  30  Sept., 

1894.  Names  to  fill  in  the  above  blanks  will 
be  welcomed  ;  but  the  purpose  of  this  query 


8 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io<»  s.  m.  JAX.  7,  i%5. 


is  to  discover  whether  the  above  is  identical 
with  "Bridges,  son  of  Capt.  Bridges,  of 
Court  House,  Overton,"  who  became  a  Com- 
moner at  Winchester  in  Short  Half,  1837.  If 
not,  who  was  the  latter1? 

JOIIN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

AUTHORS  or  QUOTATIONS  WANTED. — I  am 
anxious  to  learn  the  author  of  the  following  : 

Be  sure  that  Love  ordained  for  souls  more  meek 
His  roadside  dells  of  rest. 

Also— 

As  in  a  gravegarth  count  to  see 
The  monuments  of  memory. 

A.  M.  T. 

ST.  ANTHONY  OF  PADUA.  —  The  cult  of 
this  saint  is  often  referred  to  as  a  recent 
development  in  the  Roman  Catholic  Church, 
notably  in  France  and  in  Ireland.  But  in 
'  Lavengro '  (vol.  i.  chap,  ix.,  edition  1851) 
George  Borrow  makes  an  Orangeman  of 
Clonmel  in  the  year  1815  drink  "to  Boyne 
water  and  to  the  speedy  downfall  of  the 
Pope  and  St.  Anthony  of  Padua."  Can  any 
one  furnish  information  as  to  the  nature  of 
the  cult  of  the  saint  at  that  period?  Was 
his  invocation  then  used,  as  now,  as  a  means 
of  recovering  lost  property  1  and  why  did  an 
Orangeman  nearly  ninety  years  ago  single 
him  out  for  execration,  together  with  the 
Pope  ?  B. 

COUNT  A.  DE  PANIGNANO  :  HOLLOWAY.— 
On  15  and  16  December,  1853,  a  collection  of 
autographs  and  MSS.  belonging  to  the  former 
was  sold  by  Messrs.  Puttick  &  Simpson  at 
their  Great  Room,  191,  Piccadilly.  In  the 
catalogue  is  "  Lot  94,  Letters  of  Charles  I." 
They  were  bought  by  a  person  named  Hol- 
loway.  Who  was  this  count,  and  where  did 
he  live  in  1853?  Also,  who  was  Holloway, 
the  purchaser?  what  were  his  initials?  is  he 
alive  now  ?  and,  if  so,  where  does  he  live? 

C.  MASON. 
29,  Emperor's  Gate,  S.W. 

COMET  c.  1580.— In  the  registers  of  the 
French  Church  in  Southampton  is  mentioned 
a  public  fast,  6  April,  1581,  to  deprecate  the 
Divine  wrath  "  threatened  in  the  appearance 
of  the  Comet  which  began  to  show  itself  on 
the  8th  of  October  and  which  lasted  until  the 
12th  of  December"  ('Relics  of  Old  South- 
ampton,' 1904,  p.  75).  Has  this  comet  been 
identified  ?  C.  S.  WARD. 

EARL  OF  MONTROSE.— Mr.  Andrew  Lang,  in 
his  'St.  Andrews'  (London,  1893),  mentions 
(p.  228)  an  account-book  kept  by  the  tutors  of 
the  youngEarl  of  Montrose  while  he  was  study- 
ing there  in  1627  to  1629.  Have  these  accounts 


ever  been  published  ?  and,  if  not,  where  can 
the  originals  be  consulted  1  L.  L.  K. 

STATUE  IN  A  CIRCLE  OF  BOOKS.  —  A  new 
edition  of  Thomas  Hey  wood's  '  Pleasant 
Dialogues  and  Drammas'  (1637)  appeared  in 
1903  at  Louvain,  under  the  careful  editorship 
of  Prof.  W.  Bang,  as  one  of  the  series  of 
"Materialen  zur  Kunde  desalteren  Englischen 
Dramas."  This  very  miscellaneous  volume 
includes  an  epitaph  on  Mrs.  Katharine  Skip, 
who  died  in  1630,  and  also  the  following  : — 

"  Of  Mr.  Thomas  Skipp  her  husband,  since  de- 
ceased, and  buried  in  the  same  Tombe,  whose  Statue 
is  plac'fc  in  a  circle  of  Bookes,  for  the  great  love  he 
bore  to  learning. 

What  stronger  circle  can  Art-magick  find 
Wherein  a  Scholers  spirit  can  be  confind, 
Than  this  of  Bookes?  next  how  he  spent  his  time, 
Scorning  earths  drosse  to  look  on  things  sublime. 

So  long  thy  love  to  learning  shall  be  read, 

Whilst  fame  shall  last,  or  Statues  for  the  dead." 

This  verse  naturally  provokes  the  inquiry  if 
this  statue  "in  a  circle  of  books"  is  still 
extant ;  if  so,  where? 

WILLIAM  E.  A.  AXON. 
Manchester. 

WALKER  FAMILY.— Peter  Walker  married 
Rebecca  Woolner,  in  Suffolk  (probably  at 
Ipswich),  about  1770.  He  held  some  scholastic- 
appointment  at  Oxford  or  Cambridge.  Their 
daughter  Charlotte  married  Lieut.  Francis 
McLean,  R.N.,  at  St.  George's,  Hanover  Square, 
25  December,  1802. 

John  Walker,  vicar  of  Bawdsley,  Suffolk, 
and  a  minor  canon  of  Norwich  Cathedral, 
died  at  Norwich  in  1807,  aged  fifty-two. 

I  shall  be  very  glad  if  any  reader  will 
kindly  give  me  information  regarding  the 
parentage  of  either  Peter  or  John. 

ALASDAIR  MACLEAN. 

2,  Willow  Mansions,  Fortune  Green,  Hampstead. 

SOLITARY  MASS.— The  Roman  Church,  I 
understand,  does  not  permit  a  priest  to  say 
Mass  without  at  least  the  attendance  of  a 
server.  Is  this  rule  ever  relaxed  ?  or  has  it 
ever  been  ?  For  instance,  if  a  priest  is  alone 
in  a  heathen  land  can  he  celebrate  quite 
alone  ?  I  read  somewhere  that  Dr.  Pusey 
used  to  celebrate  every  morning  in  his  college 
rooms  at  Oxford.  If  this  is  true,  did  he 
always  have  a  server  ? 

FRED.  G.  ACKERLEY. 

Libau,  Russia. 

STATUTES  OF  MERTON.  —  Which  is  the 
correct  version  of  the  famous  saying  in 
connexion  with  the  above :  "  Nolumus  leges 
Anglise  mutare,"  or  "  Nolumus  leges  Angliae- 
mutari"  ?  I  have  seen  both,  in  my  numerous, 
references..  The  first  mentioned  would  seem 


io*  s.  in.  JAX.  7, 1905.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


9 


to  be  the  correct  one,  to  judge  from  the  fact 
that  the  speakers  were  asked  to  sanction  a 
new  style  of  legislation,  and  not  whether  they 
would  or  would  not  alter  the  laws  of  Eng- 
land. JOHN  A.  RANDOLPH. 

"BROKEN  HEART/'— What  is  the  origin  of 
the  metaphorical  pathology  expressed  in  the 
sentence,  "  She  died  of  a  broken  heart "  ? 

MEDICULUS. 

CALLAND. — I  should  be  glad  to  obtain 
information  about  Augustus,  Charles,  and 
George  Calland,  who  were  all  three  admitted 
to  Westminster  School  on  12  January,  1784. 
Charles  matriculated  at  Oxford  from  Christ 
Church,  3  April,  1788,  and  was  admitted  to 
Lincoln's  Inn  in  the  following  year. 

G.  F.  K.  B. 

CHARLES  HOPE  WEIR.— I  desire  to  know 
the  date  of  the  death  of  Charles  Hope  Weir, 
the  friend  of  Adam  Ferguson.  He  was  living 
in  Edinburgh  in  17G1.  Where  can  an  account 
of  him  be  found  ?  D.  E. 

New  Bedford,  Mass. 

HORSESHOES  FOR  LUCK.  —  In  suspending 
them  on  walls  or  nailing  them  on  doors  which 
is  the  right  side  upwards?  I  have  always 
considered  the  front  of  the  shoe  should  be 
top,  but  I  know  several  people  who  maintain 
the  reverse,  although  they  can  give  me  no 
reason  for  so  doing.  What  is  the  rule  1  I 
notice  in  Fred  Barnard's  frontispiece  to  the 
"Household  Edition  "of  'Dombeyand  Son' 
a  horseshoe  is  represented  on  a  shed  door 
back  upwards.  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

GODIVA'S  BIRTHPLACE.— Is  the  birthplace 
of  Godiva  known  ?  The  '  D.N.B.'  is  silent  on 
the  point.  A.  R.  C. 

FLORIDA. — "  In  1763  it  was  ceded  to  Great 
Britain  by  the  Spaniards  in  return  for 
Havana.  Vigorous  efforts  were  made  by  the 
British  Government  to  promote  settlements 
by  liberal  grants  of  land  to  settlers.''  The 
above  is  a  quotation  from  an  encyclopedia, 
•which  also  states  that  a  Mr.  Drake,  I  believe, 
has  written  a  '  History  of  Florida  from  the 
Earliest  Days.'  Unfortunately  I  could  not 
find  this  in  the  Free  Reading  -  Room  in 
Liverpool.  An  ancestor  of  mine  died 
possessed  of  a  large  tract  there,  and  if  I 
could  see  the  original  grants  of  land  and  the 
grantees,  I  could  fill  in  one  or  two  important 
gaps  in  the  family  pedigree.  Where  in 
London  can  I  find  names,  &c  ,  of  grantees  ? 
I  suppose  duplicates  of  grants  were  made. 

M.A.Oxox. 


"WASSAIL." 
(10th    S.    ii.    503.) 

I  FEAR  no  one  can  possibly  accept  the 
proposal  to  regard  the  Icel.  veizla  as  the 
original  of  wassail;  for  it  would  obviously 
have  only  given  some  such  form  as  wait  set. 
It  does  not  explain  the  ai  in  the  second 
syllable. 

I  see  that  the  passage  from  Robert  of 
Gloucester  which  is  already  quoted  in  my 
dictionary  is  again  quoted  in  '  N.  &,  Q.'  But 
my  reference  to  "Hearne's  Glossary,  p.  731," 
has  been  wholly  neglected.  It  seems  hard 
that  such  indifference  should  lead  to  a  new 
and  unjustifiable  etymology. 

As  I  fear  your  readers  will  not  take  the 
trouble  to  refer  to  this  "p.  731,"  I  take  the 
opportunity  of  doing  so  on  their  behalf.  On 
that  page  Hearne  gives  "  a  remarkable  frag- 
ment," as  he  calls  it,  from  an  old  MS.  ;  and  he 
also  refers  us  to  the  word  queme  in  his  Glos- 
sary. There  he  gives  yet  another  passage, 
which  is  of  great  interest.  I  give  it  here  in 
prose : — 

"  Lord  king,  Wassaille,  said  she  [Rowena].  The 
king  asked  what  that  might  mean ;  for  he  knew 
nothing  of  that  language  [English].  A  knight  had 
learnt  their  language  in  youth.  His  name  was 
Brey  [or  Brey],  and  he  was  born  a  Briton  ;  he  had 
learnt  the  language  of  the  Saxons.  This  Brey  was 
the  interpreter  of  what  she  had  told  Vortigern. 
'  Sir,'  said  Brey,  '  Rowen  greets  you,  and  calls  you 
king,  and  addresses  you  as  lord-  This  is  their 
custom  and  their  manner,  when  they  are  at  the  ale 
or  feast.  Each  man  that  loves  wherever  it  may 
seem  good  to  him  shall  say  Wasseille,  and  drink  to 
him.  The  other  shall  say  again  Drinkhaille.  He 
that  says  Wasseille  drinks  of  the  cup,  and,  kissing 
his  companion,  gives  it  up  to  him.  DrinkheiUe,  saj  s 
he,  and  drinks  thereof,  kissing  him  in  jest  and  play.' 
The  king  said,  as  the  knight  had  taught  him, 
'  Drinkheille'  smiling  on  Rowen.  Rowen  drank  as 
pleased  her,  and  gave  it  to  the  king,  and  afterwards 
kissed  him.  This  was,  indeed,  the  first  Wassaille, 
and  that  first  one  became  famous.  Of  that  Wo&a/Slt 
men  talked  a  good  deal,  and  [said]  Wassaille  when 
they  were  drinking  their  ale.  Many  times  that 
young  maiden  wassailed  and  kissed  the  king,"  &c. 

I  fear  I  owe  an  apology  to  those  who  con- 
sult my  dictionary.  It  never  occurred  to 
me  that  any  one  would  cast  a  doubt  upon 
this  extremely  well-known  story,  and  so  I 
quoted  from  Robert  of  Gloucester  only.  Of 
:ourse,  I  ought  also  to  have  quoted  the  much 
older  account  in  Layamon,  which  simply 
settles  the  question.  See  vol  ii.  pp.  175,  176. 
I  give  the  earlier  and  later  texts  side  by  side, 
but  modernized  :  — 

Dear  friend,  wens  hail ;        Dear  friend,  wassail ; 
The    other  saith,   drinc    The  other  saith,    dring- 
haU.  hail. 


10 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [iu"- s.  m.  JAN.  7, 1905. 


And  again  :  — 

The  custom  came  to  this    The  custom  came  to  the 

land,  land, 

Wivs  hail  and  drlnc  hceil.     Wassayl  and  drmg-hayl. 

As  the  older  and  better  text  has  woes 
hail,  i.e.,  "  be  thou  hale,"  where  the  later 
one,  written  by  a  Norman  scribe  with  frequent 
mistakes  (observe  his  dring  /),  has  wassail,  I 
can  see  no  more  to  be  said.  We  thus  have 
the  most  sure  evidence  in  a  first-rate  authority 
(from  a  philological  point  of  view)  that  the 
phrase  which  was  intelligently  written  as 
wees  hail  by  an  Englishman  was  stupidly 
turned  into  ivassail  by  a  Norman  scribe  who 
had  something  to  learn. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

The  wassail  song,  of  which  MR.  ADDY 
quotes  a  very  corrupt  version  from  Sheffield, 
is  well  known  in  many  parts  of  the  country, 
and  is  published,  with  music,  as  No.  37  of 
Novello's  '  Christmas  Carols,'  price  Id.  In 
the  Bradford  district  I  have  heard  the 
children  sing  :  — 

Here  we  come  a-wesselling 
Among  the  leaves  so  green  ; 
An'  here  we  bring  our  wesley-bob, 
The  fairest  to  be  seen. 
For  it  is  the  Christmas  time, 
When  we  travel  far  an'  near  ; 
So  God  bless  you,  and  send  you 
A  Happy  New  Year. 

In  Novello's  version  the  third  line  is  weak, 
Here  we  come  a- wandering  ; 

and  the  Bradford  version,  though  its  wassail 
bowl  is  corrupted  to  "wesley-bob,"  points 
to  the  real  original.  In  Bradford  the 
wassailers  are  usually  girls,  and  their  "bob  " 
consists  of  an  elaborately  dressed  doll, 
sitting  under  an  arch  of  flowers,  ribbons, 
and  "  green " ;  the  whole  coverea  with  a 
fair  white  linen  cloth,  which  is  raised  from 
time  to  time  for  spectators  who  are  likely 
to  contribute.  Presumably  the  doll  was 
originally  the  Virgin  and  Child. 

H.  SNOWDEN  WARD. 
Hadlow,  Kent. 

The  following  is  part  of  a  carol  sung  in 
Leicester  by  children,  and  the  tune  and  the 
words,  I  am  told,  have  not  altered  during  the 
last  fifty  years  : — 

I  have  a  little  whistlebob, 
Made  out  of  holly  tree — 
The  finest  little  whistlebob 
That  ever  you  did  see  ; 
For  it  is  a  Christmas  time, 
When  we  travel  far  and  near, 
And  I  wish  you  good  health  and 
A  Happy  New  Year. 

The  expression  a  "  load  "  of  holly  or  mistletoe 


s  still  used  in  the  market  here  every  year, 
meaning  a  bunch,  no  matter  how  small. 

HARRY  H.  PEACH. 

Leicester. 

CHRISTMAS  CAROLS  :  WAITS:  GUISERS  (10tu 
S.  ii.  504)  — Mumming  or  guising  was  a  custom 
maintained  down  to  a  comparatively  late 
;ime,  and  it  would  be  of  much  interest  to  know 
whether  the  custom  still  survives  in  Oxford- 
shire or  other  counties.  A  note  in  Brand's 
Antiquities,'  1853  (Sir  Henry  Ellis),  says 
that  it  was  in  that  year  common  in  Oxford- 
shire, where  at  Islip  the  mummers  either 
alacked  their  faces  or  wore  masks,  and 
dressed  themselves  up  with  haybands  tied 
round  their  arms  and  bodies.  Thesmaller  boys 
Dlacked  their  faces  and  went  about  singing  : 
A  merry  Christmas  and  a  Happy  New  Year, 
Your  pockets  full  of  money,  and  your  cellars  full  of 

beer. 

And   the  following  lines  were  still  sung  at 
bhe  Christmas  mummings  in  Somersetshire  : 
Here  comes  I,  liddle  man  Jan  ( ?  January), 
With  my  zword  in  my  han  ! 

(?  the  keenness  of  winter) 
If  you  don't  all  do 

As  you  be  told  by  I, 
I  '11  zend  you  all  to  York 
Vor  to  make  apple-pie. 

To  this  day,  I  believe,  the  (dis)guisers  go 
about  in  the  north  of  Scotland  visiting  their 
friends  on  both  Christmas  Day  and  New 
Year's  Eve.  The  new-comer  is,  of  course,  on 
account  of  his  disguise,  treated  as  a  stranger, 
but  the  hospitality  of  the  host  never  fails  on 
this  account.  A  poor  girl  begging,  a  pedlar 
selling  little  wares,  a  farmer's  wife  who  has 
lost  her  way,  or  any  other  personation  which 
is  at  once  likely  to  be  credible  and  to  afford 
occasion  for  clever  acting  or  ready  wit,  is 
resorted  to.  Generally  the  guest  reveals  his  ot- 
her true  self  before  departing  ;  and  in  the 
remote  islands  of  Shetland,  where  through 
the  long  winter  the  people  are  wholly  depen- 
dent on  "  home-made  ''  interests  and  amuse- 
ments, this  idea  is  worked  out  moreelaborately. 
The  plan  is  for  some  of  the  young  people  of  a 
neighbourhood  to  band  themselves  together 
disguised,  and  then,  in  a  troop,  to  visit  the 
houses  of  the  lairds  or  the  large  farmers. 
See  further  The  Osborne  Magazine  of  some 
few  years  ago ;  and  there  is  a  good  deal  of 
information  on  this  curious  subject  in  Brand's 
'  Antiquities,'  1853  (Ellis),  vol.  i.  pp.  461-6. 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 
"  AN      OLD      WOMAN      WENT      TO      MARKET  ' 

(10th  S.  ii.  502).— An  account  of  the  sources 
whence  have  come  the  stories  of  '  The  House 
that  Jack  Built'  and  of  'The  Old  Woman 
who  couldn't  get  her  Pig  over  the  Stile'  will 


in.  JAX.  7,  wo*.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


11 


be  found  in  Edward  Clodd's  '  Childhood  of 
Religions,'  pp.  126-7,  and  a  bibliography  of 
the  subject  in  Note  E,  p.  262.  Mr.  Clodd 
quotes  the  poem  at  the  end  of  the  Passover 
subjects  used  by  the  Jews,  which  some  of 
them  "  regard  as  a  parable  of  the  past  and 
future  of  the  Holy  Land."  H.  A.  STRONG. 
University,  Liverpool. 

The  late  J.  O.  Halliwell  ('  Nursery  Rhymes 
and  Tales  of  England,'  pp.  112,  131)  notes 
the  coincidence  pointed  out  by  ME.  WATSON, 
and  says  that  the  historic  interpretation  was 
first  given  by  P.  N.  Leberecht  in  1731,  and  is 
printed  in  The  Christian  Reformer,  vol.  xvii. 
p.  28.  YGREC. 

BRINGING  IN  THE  YULE  "  CLOG  "  (10th  S.  ii. 
507). — Probably  MR.  RATCLIFFE  is  aware  that 
there  is  an  old  proverb  "  Dun  's  in  the  mire" 
or  "As  dull  as  Dun  in  the  mire.'3  "Dun" 
is  evidently  the  name  of  a  horse,  and  the 
saying  no  doubt  had  its  origin  in  the  dreadful 
state  of  the  roads  in  early  times,  although 
•one  knows  many  a  country  by-road,  to  this 
•day,  where  "Dun  "  might  easily  be  stuck  in 
the  mire.  The  old  English  custom  consisted 
in  dragging  the  Yule  "clog,"  or  "log,"  through 
the  mud  to  its  resting-place  on  the  brand- 
irons,  preparatory  to  its  consumption  on 
Christmas  Day.  It  was  done  with  the  cere- 
monies alluded  to,  of  dancing  and  other 
accompaniments  of  any  kind  of  noise  and 
•ebullitions  of  joy.  In  Herrick's  '  Hesperides  ' 
one  of  the  'Ceremonies  for  Christmasse'  is — 

Come  bring,  with  a  noise, 
My  merry,  merry  boys, 

The  Christmas  log  to  the  firing ; 
While  my  good  dame  she 
Bids  ye  all  be  free, 

And  drink  to  your  hearts'  desiring. 

I  think  it  is  worthy  of  note  that  "dun,"  or 
dark  red  or  brown,  was  often  interchange- 
able with  the  sanguine  colour,  a  symbol  of 
the  sun ;  and  I  would  ask  whether  it  is  not 
possible  that  the  Yule  log,  being,  as  it  is 
thought  by  Brand,  a  winter  counterpart  of 
the  Midsummer  fires,  made  within  doors 
because  of  the  cold,  is  not  a  relic  of  sacrifice 
to  the  sun-god.  What  is  certain  is  that 
objects  even  approaching  the  sanguine  colour, 
like  "dun,"  were  sacred  to  the  sun,  whose 
rays  were  certainly  typified  by  horses.  In 
a  note  to  Ben  Jonson's  masque  of  '  Christ- 
inas,' Gifford  says  of  this  joyful  pastime  that 
a  log  of  wood,  called  Dun  the  cart-horse,  is 
brought  into  the  middle  of  the  room,  and 
some  one  cries  out,  "Dun  is  stuck  in  the 
rnire ! "  Two  of  the  players  then  come 
forward,  and,  with  or  without  ropes,  com- 
mence to  try  to  drag  it  out.  They  pretend 


to  be  unable  to  do  so,  and  call  for  help. 
Some  of  the  others  join  them,  and  make 
awkward  attempts  to  draw  Dun  out  of  the 
mire,  in  the  course  of  which  the  log  is  made 
to  fall  on  the  toes  of  some  of  the  players. 
"As  dull  as  Dun  in  the  mire"  occurs  in  Ray's 
' Proverbs '  (Bohn),  and  Douce,  in  his 'Illus- 
trations of  Shakespeare,'  also  alludes  to  it. 
J.  HOLDEN  MAG-MICHAEL. 

[In  the  West  Riding  we  heard  in  boyhood  the 
phrase 

Olive-coloured  dun, 
Ugliest  colour  under  t'  sun. 

This  has  no  bearing  on  the  question  under  dis- 
cussion, but  seems  worth  recording  as  folk-phrase.] 

"Clog"  and  "log"  must  have  been 
synonymous  terms. 

N.  Bailey,  in  his  'English  Dictionary,'  1759, 
defines  dog  to  mean  a  load  or  log. 

John  Brand,  in  his  '  Popular  Antiquities,' 
1795,  heads  a  chapter  'The  Yule  Clog  or 
Block,  burnt  on  Christmas  Eve,'  and  fre- 
quently refers  to  it  in  the  same  sense. 

The  Gentleman  s  Magazine  for  August,  1790, 
says  : — 

"At  Rippon  in  Yorkshire,  on  Christinas  Eve, 
the  chandlers  sent  large  mold  candles  and  the 
coopers  logs  of  wood,  generally  called  Yule  Clogs, 
which  are  always  used  on  Christina*  Eve. ;  but 
should  it  be  so  large  as  not  to  be  .all  burnt  that 
night,  which  is  frequently  the  case,  the  remains 
are  kept  till  old  Christinas  Eve." 

A  writer  in  the  same  magazine  for  February, 
1784,  says  : — 

"  That  this  rejoicing  on  Christmas  Ece  had  its 
rise  from  the  Juul,  and  was  exchanged  for  it,  is 
evident  from  a  custom  practised  in  the  Northern 
Counties  of  putting  a  large  dog  of  icood  on  the  fire 
this  evening,  which  is  still  called  the  Yide  clog." 

Southey,  in  '  The  Doctor  '  (1834),  says  :— 
"  Clogg  was  the  English  name,  whether  so  called 
from  the  word  log,  because  they  were  generally 
made  of  wood,  and  not  so  commonly  of  oak  or  fir 
as  of  box,  or  from  the  resemblance  of  the  larger 
ones  to  clogs,  wherewith  we  restrain  the  wild, 
extravagant,  mischievous  notions  of  some  of  our 
dogs,  he  knew  not." 

EVERARD   HOME   COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

On  the  "Yule-block,"  see  Hone's  'Year- 
Book,'  col.  1110,  and  on  the  "Yule-log," 
'Book  of  Days,'  ii.  734,  with  an  illustration. 
In  East  Yorkshire  "  clog  "  was  the  word,  not 

log."  W.  C.  B. 

CHRISTMAS  UNDER  CHARLES  I.  (10th  S.   ii. 

505).— On  this  see  '  Hudibras,'  part  i.  canto  i. 

1.  227  :— 

Quarrel  with  Mined  Pies,  and  disparage 
Their  best  and  dearest  Friend  Plum-Porridge. 

E.  E.  STREET. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  in.  JAN.  7,  IMS. 


"CuRSALS  "  (10th  S.  ii.  509).— The  "farm  of 
cursals "  probably  belonged  to  one  of  tbe 
"Cursal  Prebends"  of  St.  Davids.  Why 
these  were  so  called  has  not  been  quite  satis- 
factorily explained.  See  'X.E.D.' 

J.  T.  F. 

Winterton. 

PATRICK  BELL,  LAIKD  OF  ANTERMONY  (10th 
S.  ii.  487). — The  estate  of  Antermony,  or  more 
properly  Auchtermony,  originally  belonged 
to  the  Flemings,  Earls  of  Wigtown,  and  was 
probably  acquired  by  Alexander  Bell,  the 
father  of  Patrick,  before  the  middle  of  the 
seventeenth  century.  Alexander  was  suc- 
ceeded by  his  eldest  son  James.  Patrick  Bell, 
the  second  son,  studied  and  held  a  bursary 
in  theology  in  the  University  of  Glasgow, 
1G78-83.  He  became  minister  of  the  parish 
of  Port  of  Menteith,  May,  1683;  succeeded  his 
brother  in  the  paternal  estate  1685  ;  and  was 
deprived  of  his  benefice  by  the  Privy  Council 
in  1689,  for  not  reading  the  Proclamation  of 
the  Estates,  'not  praying  for  their  Majesties 
William  and  Mary,  and  not  observing  the 
thanksgiving.  As  his  successor  in  the  parish 
was  not  appointed  till  1697,  it  is  probable 
that  some  understanding  was  arrived  at 
whereby  Bell  continued  his  ministrations  till 
that  date.  When  he  left  he  carried  off  a 
quantity  of  the  session  records  with  him,  and 
refused  to  give  them  up  until  legal  proceed- 
ings were  taken  against  him  in  1706.  He 
married  Annabella,  daughter  of  John  Stirling, 
of  Craigbarnard,  and  died  4  July,  1722, 
having  had  issue  at  least  two  sons  :  Alexander, 
who  died  vitd  patris,  a,nd  John,  who  succeeded 
to  Auchtermony.  He  was  a  merchant  in 
Constantinople  and  a  distinguished  traveller, 
and  was  sent  by  the  Emperor  of  Russia  on  an 
embassy  to  Persia,  1715-18,  and  to  China, 
1717-22  He  published  'Travels  in  Diverse 
Parts  of  Asia,'  2  vols.  4to,  Glasgow,  1762-3, 
and  died  1780.  J.  B.  P. 

The  Rev.  Patrick  Bell,  minister  of  Port  of 
Menteith,  born  in  or  about  1660,  studied  and 
held  a  bursary  of  theology  at  Glasgow  Univer- 
sity from  1678  to  1683.  He  was  presented  by 
Higgins  of  Craigforth  to  the  living  of  Port, 
to  which  he  was  admitted  on  15  May,  1683. 
He  was  deprived  of  his  benefice  by  the  Privy 
Council  on  3  October,  1689,  for  not  reading 
the  Proclamation  of  the  Estates,  not  praying 
for  their  Majesties  William  and  Mary,  and  not 
observing  the  thanksgiving.  On  2  December, 
1685,  he  was  served  heir  to  his  brother  James, 
who  died  without  issue,  in  the  barony  of 
Antermony  (not  Auterraony),  in  the  parish 
of  Campsie,  Stirlingshire.  They  were  sons 
of  Alexander  Bell,  a  writer  in  Edinburgh, 


who  had  probably  bought  the  property. 
This  Alexander  married,  before  1657,  a  name- 
sake, probably  a  relative,  Grizel  Bell,  daughter 
of  James  Bell,  Provost  of  Glasgow,  whose 
wife  was  Isobel,  sister  of  Campbell  of  Blyths- 
wood.  Grizel  was  one  of  Provost  Bell's  three 
daughters  and  heirs-portioners.  The  Provost 
had  a  son  Patrick,  a  merchant  in  Glasgow, 
who  predeceased  his  sisters.  He  had  married 
Margaret,  daughter  of  James  Hamilton,  of 
Dalziel.  The  Rev.  Patrick  married  Annabella, 
daughter  of  John  Stirling,  of  CraigbarneL 
They  had  a  son  John  and  a  daughter  Grizel. 
John  was  born  in  1691,  and  passed  as  a  phy- 
sician in  1713,  and  went  into  the  Russian 
service,  and  accompanied  embassies  from  that 
country  to  Persia  and  China.  He  was  a  keen 
Asiatic  traveller,  and  was  for  some  years  in 
Constantinople.  He  wrote  '  Travels  from 
St.  Petersburg  to  Various  Parts  of  Asia.'  In 
1746  he  married  Mary  Peters,  and  settled  at 
Antermony,  where  he  died,  without  issue, 
aged  eighty- nine.  The  half-sister  of  Mary 
Peters  was  Jane,  daughter  of  Benjamin  Vigor,, 
of  Fulham,  who  married  the  last  Earl  of 
Hyndford  in  the  Scottish  peerage,  and  died 
in  1802,  aged  eighty-six.  Dr.  Bell  sold  Anter- 
mony to  Capt.  John  Lennox,  reserving,  how- 
ever, his  life-rent.  His  sister  Grizel  married 
a  Mr.  Brown  and  had  two  daughters,  who 
were  both  dead  by  1766,  and  are  interred  in 
the  churchyard  of  Glasgow  Cathedral.  See 
further  Scott's  'Fasti,'  '  The  Retours,'  '  Scots 
Lore,'  and  others  there  cited. 

J.  L    ANDERSON. 
Edinburgh. 

Patrick  Bell  was  educated  at  Glasgow 
University  (1678-83),  and  was  married  (not 
born,  as  stated)  in  1685.  He  was  the  last 
of  the  Episcopalian  clergymen,  and  was 
deprived  of  his  living  (Port  of  Menteith)  by 
order  of  the  Privy  Council,  3  October,  1689, 
for  not  reading  the  Proclamation  of  the 
Estates,  and  for  refusing  to  pray  for  their 
Majesties  King  William  and  Queen  Mary. 
Shortly  after  1689  he  was  served  heir,  in 
succession  to  his  elder  brother,  of  the  estate 
of  Antermony,  of  which  his  father,  Alexander 
Bell,  was  former  proprietor.  From  what 
stock  Alexander  Bell  first  of  Antermony 
came  would  be  interesting  to  hear ;  also 
the  name  of  his  wife,  who,  it  is  surmised, 
was  related  to  or  connected  by  marriage 
with  the  Grahams  of  Gartur. 

HENRY  PATON. 

[Information  as  to  Alexander  Bell's  wife  is  sup- 
plied above  by  MR.  ANDERSON.] 

MRS.  CAREY  (10th  S.  ii.  449).— It  is  singular 
that  two  correspondents  of  '  N.  &  Q  ,'  at  an 


s.  in.  JAN.  7,  woo,]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


interval  of  fifteen  years  (see  7th  S.  viii.), 
should  inquire  for  a  "Mrs.  Carey,"  although 
the  lady  referred  to  was  well  known  at  the 
commencement  of  the  last  century  as  Mary 
Anne  Clarke.  Huish,  in  his  '  Memoirs  of 
George  IV.,'  also  calls  her  "Mrs.  Carey." 
Did  she  ever  adopt  that  name? 

In  the  preface  to  the  work  '  Evidence  and 
Proceedings  upon  the  Charges  preferred 
against  the  Duke  of  York,'  by  Col.  Wardle, 
M.P.,  1809,  now  before  me,  she  is  stated  to 
have  been  the  daughter  of  a  Mr.  Farquhar, 
and  to  have  been  married  at  the  age  of  fifteen 
to  Mr.  Joseph  Clarke,  the  son  of  a  respectable 
builder  of  Snow  Hill,  London,  the  offspring 
being  two  boys  and  a  girl  then  living.  In 
1802,  in  consequence  of  Mr.  Clarke's  dissolute 
life,  she  separated  from  him,  and  in  the 
following  year  placed  herself  under  the  pro- 
tection of  the  Duke  of  York.  These  par- 
ticulars differ  in  every  respect  from  those 
given  in  1st  S.  iv.,  4th  S.  xi.,  xii.,  6th  S.  xi., 
7th  S.  viii.,  8th  S.  vii.,  9th  S.  vii. 

EVERARD  HOME  GOLEM  AN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

"  HE  SAW  A  WORLD  "  (10th  S.  ii.  488).— The 
lines  quoted  seem  to  be  a  confused  remi- 
niscence of  a  verse  by  William  Blake  in 
'  Auguries  of  Innocence,'  a  poem  beginning 
thus  : — 

To  see  a  world  in  a  grain  of  sand, 
And  a  heaven  in  a  wild  flower  : 
Hold  infinity  in  the  palm  of  your  hand, 
And  eternity  in  an  hour. 

See  his  'Poetical  Works,'  edited  by  W.  M- 
Rossetti,  p.  180  (Bell  &  Sons,  1891). 

C.  LAWRENCE  FORD. 

BIRTH  AT  SEA  IN  1805  (10th  S.  ii.  448,  512). 
— Perhaps  this  birth  may  be  entered  in  the 
records  of  the  Royal  Navy  at  the  Admiralty 
in  Whitehall,  or  at  the  Public  Record  Office. 

If  the  ports  are  known  from  which  the 
vessel  departed  and  at  which  she  arrived  in 
1805,  Lloyd's  List  and  .Lloyd's  Register  of 
Shipping  (at  the  library  of  Lloyd's,  Royal 
Exchange,  London)  would  show  the  names  of 
the  vessels  which  left  the  port  of  departure 
in  1804-5,  the  ports  they  sailed  for,  the  dates 
of  departure  from,  and  of  arrival  at  each, 
respectively,  and  their  owners'  names. 

The  newspapers,  gazettes,  magazines,  &c., 
of  that  time,  both  at  the  ports  of  de- 
parture and  of  arrival,  would  probably 
give  the  list  of  passengers  embarked  and 
landed.  If  the  business  of  the  then  owners 
be  traced  down  to  the  present  time,  it  is 
probable  that  the  log  or  journal  of  the 
particular  vessel  required  may  still  bo  in 
existence,  and  contain  an  entry  of  this  birth. 


If  the  vessel  belonged  to  the  Royal  Navyr 
her  log  should  be  at  the  Public  Record  Office 
or  perhaps  at  the  British  Museum.  If  she 
belonged  to,  or  was  hired  by,  the  East 
India  Company,  her  log  would  be  at  the 
India  Office,  Whitehall. 

The  birth  would  not  have  been  officially 
registered  in  England,  as  the  Act  6  &  7 
William  IV.,  cap.  86,  sec.  20,  making  a  record 
of  births  compulsory,  did  not  come  into  force 
until  1  March,  1837.  It  is  also  impossible 
to  say  positively  where  it  would  be  found, 
either  as  a  birth  or  a  baptism,  in  any 
ecclesiastical  record  in  England,  or  even  iff 
entered  in  any  such  record.  But  in  any 
case,  if  the  name  of  the  vessel  be  known, 
there  can  be  no  very  great  difficulty  to  find 
a  record  of  the  birth,  especially  if  the  ship's- 
log  or  journal  is  extant.  C.  MASON. 

29,  Emperor's  Gate,  S.W. 

THE  MUSSUK  (10th  S.  ii.  263.  329,  371, 431).— 
Olufsen,  in  '  Through  the  Unknown  Pamirs,' 
p.  44,  writes  : — 

The  chief  means  of  water  transport  employed 


is  made  of  the  entire  hide  of  an  animal,  the  skin  of 
a  goat  or  wolf  being  preferred.  It  is  tanned  quite 
smooth,  the  holes  at  the  head  and  three  of  the  legs 
are  tied  taut,  while  in  the  fourth  leg  is  placed  a 
wooden  tap  with  a  wooden  stopple.  Through  the 
tap  the  skin  is  blown  full  by  the  native,  who  seizes- 
the  tap  with  his  left  hand,  and  with  his  left  elbow 
presses  the  distended  hide  close  up  to  his  chest. 
He  now  throws  himself  into  the  stream,  and  whilst 
the  hide  keeps  him  above  water,  he,  with  his  legs- 
and  right  arm,  works  slantwise  across  the  river." 

There  is  more  on  the  same  subject. 

H.  A.  ST.  J.  M. 

If  MR.  RALPH  THOMAS  has  not  yet  succeeded 
in  procuring  an  illustration  of  the  skin-boat 
from  India,  he  may  perhaps  be  interested  to- 
find  an  account,  with  a  photograph,  of  the 
senai,  as  it  is  called  on  the  Indus,  in  that 
very  pleasant  book  Gore's  '  Lights  and  Shades 
of  Hill  Life  in  the  Afghan  and  Hindu  High- 
lands of  the  Punjab,'  pp.  121  ff. 

EMERITUS. 

'STEER  TO  THE  NOR'-NOR'-WEST  '  (10th  S. 
ii.  427,  490).— I  shall  be  much  obliged  to  any 
one  who  will  inform  me  who  was  the  captain- 
to  whom  this  incident  is  said  to  have  happened. 
My  grandfather,  the  late  John  Matthews, 
of  St.  Ives,  Cornwall,  owner  and  master  of 
the  schooner  Eldred,  who  died  in  Australia 
1866,  was  a  master  mariner  from  about  1825- 
to  1850,  and  made  several  voyages  across  the 
Atlantic.  Many  years  after  his  death,  a 
reputable  person  informed  the  deceased's 
son  that  he  (Mr.  Matthews)  had  related  the 


14' 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       no*  s.  in.  JAN.  7, 1905. 


story  as  having  happened  to  himself,  begging 
the  said  person  on  no  account  to  repeat  it 
during  the  narrator's  lifetime.  This  is  why 
I  am  anxious  to  get  at  the  facts. 

JOHN  HOBSON  MATTHEWS. 
Monmouth. 

"  FORTUNE  FAVOURS  FOOLS  "  (10th  S.  ii.  365, 
491). — It  seems  not  unlikely  that  this  proverb 
is  an  adaptation  of  an  older  one,  viz., "  Fortune 
favours  the  hardy  man, "in  Chaucer's  '  Troilus,' 
iv.  600.  This  may  have  been  applied,  in 
particular,  to  the  fool-hardy  man.  Chaucer 
'had  it  from  Virgil's  "Audentes  Fortuna 
iuuat,"  'yEn.,'  x.  284.  It  also  occurs  in 
Terence,  ( Phormio,'  I.  iv.  26. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

BANANAS  (10th  S.  ii.  409, 476).— In  El  Grdfico 
of  Madrid,  Niimero  187,  for  17  de  Diciembre 
de  1904,  MR.  J.  PLATT  will  see  a  confirmation 
of  MR.  JAGGARD'S  opinion  as  to  the  superiority 
of  the  bananas  grown  in  Las  Cariarias.  On 
p.  8,  in  an  illustrated  article  headed  'Los 
Platanos  de  Canarias  :  Esplendida  Exporta- 
tion,' these  words  occur  :  — 

"El  platano  es  originario  de  Asia,  de  donde  en 
tiempos  remotos  paso  al  Africa,  llevandolo  despues 
nosotros  a  America,  y  aun  en  el  Mediodia  de  la 
Peninsula  pueden  cultivarse  con  exito,  aunque 
nunca  son  tan  sabroeos  y  tiernos  como  los  canaries,  y 
pocas  plantas  le  igualan  por  la  majestad  y  ele- 
gancia  desu  aspecto,  la  amplitud  y  la  bellezade  sus 
hojas,  la  riqueza  de  su  floracion,  las  cualidades  de  su 
fruto  y  las  numerosas  utilidades  que  de  todo  el  se 
obtienen." 

E.  S.  DODGSON. 

SCHOOL  SLATES  (10th  S.  ii.  488).— In  con- 
nexion with  this  subject  it  is  worth  while 
recalling  these  remarkable  lines  in  Chaucer's 
Roundel,  which  has  been  named  'Merciless 
Beauty  '  :— 

Love  hath  my  name  y-strike  out  of  his  sclat, 
And  he  is  strike  out  of  my  bokes  clene 
For  ever-mo  ;  ther  is  noil  other  mene. 
Surely  slates  are  not  very  modern. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

Slates  "  to  write  upon  "  must  have  been  in 
use  long  before  Walpole's  time  (1781),  for.  they 
•are  so  described  by  Thomas  Dysch,  the  author 
of  the  'New  General  English  Dictionary,' 
1754,  and  by  Dr.  Ash  in  his  'New  and  Com- 
plete Dictionary  of  the  English  Language,' 
17J5.  EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

I  have  a  small  book  of  accounts  connected 
with  a  night  school  carried  on  in  this  village 
some  eighty  or  ninety  years  ago.  Under 
date  5  November,  1820,  is  the  entry  "  1  doz. 
of  slates,  4s.  6d."  These  would  presumably 
•be  the  small  plain  slates  without  frames 


which  I  remember  to  have  seen  in  use  in  the 
charity  school  here  about  forty  years  ago. 

This  note  may  not  prove  of  much  use  as  a 
reply  to  your  correspondent's  question,  but 
the  recorded  price  of  school  slates  at  the 
time  named  is  not  without  value. 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire.    . 

RICHARD  OF  SCOTLAND  (10th  S.  ii.  408,  449). 
— By  far  the  best  account  of  this  personage 
is  to  be  found  in  a  pamphlet  of  96  pages,  by 
the  late  Thomas  Kerslake,  called  '  Saint 
Richard  the  King  of  Englishmen  and  his 
Territory,  A.D.  700-20 '  (1890). 

Mr.  Kerslake  was  a  careful  and  painstaking 
investigator  who  has  left  many  valuable 
notes  and  papers  on  historical  subjects.  He 
traces  St.  Richard's  connexion  with  St.  Boni- 
face and  Willibald  down  to  his  burial  at 
Lucca,  proving  that  he  was  "Rex  Anglorum,:' 
as  stated  on  his  tomb  in  an  epitaph  of  seven 
lines.  The  subject  is  led  up  to  in  a  previous 
pamphlet,  published  in  1879,  'Vestiges  of  the 
Supremacy  of  Mercia,1  &c. 

In  addition  to  the  '  Hodceporicon  of  St. 
Willibald,'  the  late  Bishop  Brownlow  read 
papers  before  the  Devon  Association  at 
Twerton  in  1891,  on  '  The  Brother  and  Sister 
of  St.  Willibald,'  and  at  Plymouth  in  1892, 
on  'St.  Boniface  in  England.'  Both  papers 
are  printed  in  the  Transactions  of  the  Devon 
Association  for  the  years  as  above,  and  con- 
tain much  matter  of  interest  in  connexion 
with  St.  Richard.  F.  T.  ELWORTHY. 

"  STOB  "  (10th  S.  ii.  409,  495).— I  see  no  reason 
why  stob  may  not  be  the  usual  M.E.  tfob, 
which  is  the  modern  stub.  Cf.  A.-S.  stybb, 
Icel.  siubbi,  a  stump  of  a  tree.  It  might 
easily  have  been  the  name  for  a  "  clearing  " 
where  the  stubs  had  been  left.  I  do  not 
admit  "corruption";  it  is  a  word  used  in 
the  interest  of  guessers  who  wish  to  infringe 
sound-laws.  To  me,  Olive  does  not  suggest 
"  holy  "  ;  it  rather  suggests  Olaf. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

Stobe  occurs  as  the  name  of  a  family  in  the 
north  of  England,  as  I  have  a  book-plate 
label  of  John  and  Ann  Stobe,  Whitehaven, 
1803.  A.  H.  ARKLE. 

VINCENT  STUCKEY  LEAN  (10th  S.  ii.  466).— 
As  bearing  on  the  question  raised  at  this 
reference  it  may  be  interesting  to  place  on 
record  that  "  A  Bill  to  enable  Persons  of 
Irish  Birth  or  Extraction  to  adopt  and  use 
the  Prefix  O,  or  Mac,  before  their  Surnames," 
was  introduced  into  the  House  of  Commons 
by  Mr.  MacAleese  and  other  Irish  members 
in  the  session  of  1898.  The  third  section  of 


io<»s.in.jAN-.7,i905.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


15 


that  Bill  was  as  follows :  "  All  ancient  statutes 
prohibiting  the  use  of  O  or  Mac  before  Irish 
-surnames  are  hereby  repealed."  It  is  evident 
that  the  promoters  of  the  Bill  were  under 
the  impression  that  the  prefixes  mentioned 
were  prohibited  by  law,  although  they  were 
apparently  unable  to  refer  to  the  particular 
statutes.  When  the  Bill  was  in  Committee 
the  Attorney-General  for  Ireland  stated  that 
there  was  "  no  statute  or  principle  of  common 
•law  to  prevent  any  one  taking  the  prefix  O 
or  Mac."  The  Bill  was  afterwards  dropped, 
.and  has  not  been  reintroduced.  It  may, 
therefore,  be  inferred  that  its  promoters  were 
•convinced  that  the  supposed  "ancient 
statutes  "  have  no  existence  in  fact. 

F.  W.  READ. 

MR.  ALASDAIR  MACGILLEAN  wishes  to  know 
if  at  any  time  the  prefixes  Mac  and  O  were 
prohibited  in  Ireland.  In  1465  (5  Edw.  IV. 
•cap.  3)  a  law  was  passed  enacting 

""  that  every  Irishman  that  dwells  betwixt  or 
amongst  Englishmen  in  the  County  of  Dublin, 

Myeth,  Uriell,  and  Kildare shall  take  to  him  an 

English  surname  of  one  town or  colour or 

arte  or  science or  office.''— Blue-book  on  'Sur- 
names in  Ireland,'  1894,  p.  15  :  Irish  Ptnny  Journal, 
1841,  p.  383. 

I  myself  know  that  it  was  fashionable  in 
Belfast  forty  years  ago,  and  doubtless  earlier, 
when  a  person  "came  into  town"  to  drop  the 
paternal  O  or  Mac.  I  have  known  persons 
named  Connor,  Allen,  Waters,  and  Alexander, 
whose  rural  relatives  still  retained  the  original 
•cognomens  of  O'Connor,  McAllen,  McWaters, 
and  McElshender.  Dr.  Killen,  in  his  'Remi- 
niscences,' 1901,  p.  172,  says  : — 

"  The  Rev.  Henry  Cooke  is  by  far  the  most  cele- 
brated name  connected  with  the  ministry  of  the 
Irish  Presbyterian  Church  in  the  nineteenth  cen- 
tury. When  he  entered  College  he  was  known  as 
MacCooke,  and  is  so  designated  in  the  earliest 
printed  Minutes  of  the  Synod  of  Ulster.  He  dropped 
the  Mac  from  his  name  before  he  appeared  as  a 
licentiate." 

There  are  families  of  the  name  of  Leane, 
out  as  they  all  occur  in  county  Cork  or 
Kerry,  I  presume  they  are  of  pure  Irish 
•extraction,  Leane  being  the  ancient  Gaelic 
name  for  the  Lake  of  Killarney. 

JOHN  S.  CRONE. 

INSCRIPTION  ON  STATUE  OF  JAMES  II.  (10th 
S.  i.  67,  137). — The  inscription  given  in  the 
first  reply  at  the  second  reference  corresponds 
with  that  now  on  the  pedestal,  except  that 
in  the  latter  there  is  "gratite"  instead  of 
"gratia,"  and  that  there  are  full  stops  after 
at  D  and  c  in  the  date,  while  there  is  none 
•at  the  end. 

The  second  reply  says  that  the  inscription 
faas  evidently  been  shorn  of  its  greater  part 


and  the  last  word  altered.  The  words  quoted 
in  the  query  were  only  an  extract,  i.e.,  the 
first  two  lines.  The  inscription  as  given  by 
Chamberlayne  in  the  1723  edition  of  his 
4  Magnte  Britannia?  Notitia,'  to  which  refer- 
ence is  made,  is  actually  shorter  than  the 
existing  inscription,  in  that  JCOBUS  appears 
instead  of  JACOBUS,  and  the  date  "  1686 " 
(Arabic  figures  without  "anno")  is  given, 
instead  of  "Anno  M.D.C.LXXXVI  "  (Roman). 
Also  there  are  five  commas  and  two  full  stops, 
which  do  not  appear  in  the  pedestal  inscrip- 
tion. On  11  August,  1904,  in  the  House  of 
Commons,  Lord  Balcarres,  representing  the 
First  Commissioner  of  Works,  replied  to  a 
question  drawing  his  attention  to  the  error 
in  the  Latin  inscription.  He  said  : — 

"The  inscription  is  a  facsimile  of  that  on  the 
original  pedestal.  When  the  statue  was  removed 
some  years  ago  from  Whitehall-yard  it  was  found 
to  be  necessary  to  renew  the  pedestal,  but  it  was 
thought  best  to  make  no  alteration  in  the  old 
inscription,  which  was  probably  contemporaneous. 
In  the  circumstances  the  First  Commissioner  of 
Works  considers  it  would  be  preferable  to  leave 
it  alone."— See  Times,  12  August,  1904. 
There  is  no  doubt  that "  gratise  "  for  "  gratia  " 
was  in  the  inscription  on  the  old  pedestal. 
I  have  seen  at  the  Office  of  Works  the  rubbing 
taken  from  it. 

One  would  think  that  a  grammatical  error 
was  not  worth  renewing.  If  the  mason  had 
cut  an  extra  c  in  the  date,  I  suppose  that  the 
official  mind  would  have  thought  it  right  to 
reproduce  it.  ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

BENJAMIN  BLAKE  :  NORMAN  :  OLDMIXON 
(10th  S.  ii.  447).— The  'D.N.B.,'  under  John 
Oldmixon  (1673-1742),  the  historian  and 
pamphleteer,  says  : — 

"In  his  'History  of  the  Stuarts'  (p.  421),  Old- 
mixon, speaking  of  the  disinterment  of  the  remains 
of  Admiral  Blake,  a  native  of  Bridgwater,  says  that 
he  lived  while  a  boy  with  Blake's  brother  Hum- 
phrey, who  afterwards  emigrated  to  Carolina.  Mr. 
John  Kent  of  Funchal  has  pointed  out  that  Old- 
mixon was  in  all  probability  author  of  the  '  History 
and  Life  of  Robert  Blake written  by  a  Gentle- 
man bred  in  his  Family,'  which  appeared  without 
date  about  1740." 

This  publication  is  called  by  Prof.  J.  K. 
Laugh  ton,  under  Admiral  Robert  Blake,  "an 
impudent  and  mendacious  chap-book." 

No  doubt  your  correspondent  has  consulted 
MR.  JOHN  KENT'S  reference  to  the  Norman 
family  at  8th  S.  v.  149.  A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

Could  Oldmixon  be  Old  Mikes  son  ?  Mike 
was  formerly  pronounced  with  an  ee. 

DR.  GUSTAV  KRUEGER. 

Berlin. 

TRAVELS  IN  CHINA  (10th  S.  ii.  408).— Two 
"lists  of  works  of  various  descriptions  re- 


16 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  m.  JAN.  7, 


lating  to  that  long-shut-up  empire  "  v\'ill  be 
found  in  5th  S.  v.  232  ;  vii.  342,  to  which  I 
may  add  Earl  Macartney's  '  Embassy  to 
China,'  by  Sir  George  Staunton,  Bart.,  be- 
tween September,  1792,  and  September,  1794. 

EVERARD   HOME   UOLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

"  MR.    PlLBLISTER    AND    BETSY  HIS    SISTER " 

(10th  S.  ii.  408).  —  This  rather  long  and 
humorous  poem  may  be  found  in  '  Old- 
Fashioned  Children's  Books,'  published  by 
Andrew  W.  Tuer,  at  the  Leadenhall  Press, 
in  1900,  entitled  'The  Dandy's  Ball.'  The 
original  date  given  is  1823,  but  nothing  is 
said  about  the  author's  name.  In  this  edition 
the  poem  is  profusely  illustrated  with  coarsely 
executed  woodcuts  in  facsimile. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 
Newbouroe  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

WHITSUNDAY  (10th  S.  ii.  121,  217,  297,  352).— 
We,  too,  call  the  first  Sunday  after  Easter 
u'eissen  Sonntaa.  This  was,  and  with  Roman 
Catholics  is  still,  the  day  when  children  were 
confirmed,  for  which  solemnity  the  girls  were 
dressed  in  white.  Catholics  keep  this  up  to 
the  present  day  ;  with  Protestants  various 
customs  prevail.  In  my  part  of  the  country 
the  girls  wore  white  dresses  during  the  con- 
firmation, but  black  ones  when  receiving  the 
Communion  for  the  first  time. 

G.  KRUEGER. 

Berlin. 

SUPPRESSION  OF  DUELLING  IN  ENGLAND 
(10th  S.  ii.  367,  435).  —  Other  books  on  this 
subject  are  George  Neilson's  '  Trial  by  Com- 
bat,' 1884  ;  L.  Sabine's  '  Notes  on  Duels  and 
Duelling,  Alphabetically  Arranged,'  1855 ; 
Thomas  Comber's  '  Discourse  of  Duels,'  1687 
(not  in  Lowndes);  Douglas's  'Duelling  Days 
in  the  Army  ' ;  Mackay's  '  Extraordinary 
Popular  Delusions,'  <fec. ;  'Belgian  Anti- 
Duelling  Association,'  in  Chambers' s  Edin- 
luryh  Journal,  28  December,  1839;  'Old 
London  Duelling  Grounds,'  in  Chambers' s 
Journal,  12  January,  1895 ;  an  account  of 
De  Boutteville,  one  of  the  greatest  duellists 
of  the  seventeenth  century,  in  Macmillaris 
Magazine,  about  September  or  October,  1903  ; 
'In  the  Days  of  Duelling.'  in  Pearson's  Macia- 
zme,  1900;  'Duels  and  Duelling,'  a  "turn- 
over" in  The  Globe,  16  October,  1903. 

Duelling  was  checked  in  the  army  in  1792. 
boon  after  this  an  anti-duelling  influence  was 
beginning  to  be  felt  among  civilians.  In  The 
Gazetteer  for  2  April,  1796,  it  is  said  :— 

"  Another  duel  has  been  prevented  by  the  inter- 
ference of  Justice  Addington,  who,  at  the  insti- 
gation of  some  friends  to  harmony,  granted  a 
warrant  against  Messrs.  Didelot  and  Onabatti,  two 


of  the  Opera  Corps,  who  had  agreed  to  settle  some- 
difference  in  an  honourable  way  in  Hyde  Park.  On 
being  apprehended,  they  were  brought  before  Mr. 
A.  at  Bow-street,  and  persuaded  to  shake  hands  it* 
good  fellowship." 

The  last  duel  of  any  note  between  English 
subjects  on  English  ground  is  said  to  have- 
been  in  May,  1845,  between  two  lieutenants,. 
Hawkey  and  Seton,  the  latter  being  killed. 
French  duels  may  sometimes  have  a  ridicu- 
lous ending,  and  Mark  Twain  did  well  to- 
acquire  a  French  duelling-pistol  to  hang  on 
his  watchchain  as  a  charm,  before  they  be- 
came extinct ;  but  we  also  had  our  funny 
scenes.  A  droll  occurrence 
"  took  place  at  Venn  (?)  between  the  son  of  a  respect- 
able chemist  of  Plymouth  and  the  son  of  a  retired 
gentleman.  It  appears  that  they  had  a  slight 
quarrel  about  a  young  Jady,  and  neither  being  dis- 
posed to  relinquish  his  Love  for  her,  they  decided 
on  a  duel.  They  fired,  two  rounds  each,  neither 
wishing  to  hit  the  other,,  because  they  regarded 
their  own  lives  better  than.  to. give  them  up  for  the 
person  they  were  fighting  for."  —  Chemist,  and! 
Druygist,  14  January,  1860. 

The  last  duel  in  Scotland  was,  I  believe,, 
between  Mr.  (afterwards  Lord)  Shand  and 
another,  when  the  seconds,  however,  loaded 
the  pistols  with  a  charge  of  powder  only  ! 

J.   HOLDEN   MA&'MliGHAEL. 

I  was  told  by  my  father,  seventy  years  agoj. 
that  the  stoppage  of  duelling  was  brought 
about  by  an  incident  at  Kingston-on  Hull,, 
when  a  young  married  officer,  refusing  on 
account  of  poverty  to  join  the  mess,  received 
a  challenge  in  the  shape  of  a  Round  Robin- 
from  all  his  fellows,  and  was  killed  in  the- 
first  encounter.  Is  any  authority  for  this, 
story  known  to  exist?  H.  T. 

ANGLES  :  ENGLAND,  ORIGINAL  MEANING 
(10th  S.  ii.  407,  471).— In  connexion  with  the 
communications  on  the  above  subject,  per- 
haps it  may  not  be  out  of  place  to  direct 
attention  to  the  following  statement,  culled 
from  that  great  work  '  The  Conquest  of 
England,'  by  John  Richard  Green,  M.A., 
LL.D.  (Macmillan  &  Co.,  1883)  :— 

"  It  may  be  well  to  note  that  the  word  '  Angul- 
Saxon'  is  of  purely  political  coinage,  and  that  no  man 
is  ever  known,  save  in  our  own  day,  to  have  called! 
himself  'an  Anglo-Saxon.'  The  phrase,  too,  applied 
strictly  to  the  Engle  of  Alercia  and  the  Saxons  of 
Wessex,  not  to  any  larger  area.  For  the  general 
use  of  '  Engle '  and  '  Saxon,'  I  must  refer  my 
readers  to  Mr.  Freeman's  '  Norm.  Conq.,'  i.  A  pp.  A." 
-Vide  p.  193. 

HENRY  GEP,ALD  HOPE. 

119,  Elms  Road,  Claphsm,  S.W. 

PENNY  WARES  W^^BD  (10th  S.  ii.  369,  415, 
456). —  'Index  to  the  Periodicals  of  1891, f 

p.  127,  has  "Penny  Dinners,"    'Index,  to  th§ 


io- s.  in.  .TAX.  7, 190-1]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


17 


Periodicals  of  1892,'^  p.  147,  has  "  Penny 
Provident  Fund  of  Xew  York."  '  Index  to 
the  Periodicals  of  189"),'  p.  158,  has  ''Penny 
Dreadfuls";  also  "Penny  Provident  Fund 
•of  America/'  'Index  to  the  Periodicals  of 
1899,'  p.  169,  has  "Penny  in  the  Slot 
Machines."  'Index  to  the  Periodicals  of 
1900,'  p.  171,  has  "  Penny  and  its  Story/' 
"Penny  Meals,''  "  Penny  Patriotism."  "Penny 
Toys,"  '•  Penny  for  your  Thoughts."  '  Index 
to  the  Periodicals  of  1901,:  p.  182,  has  "Penny 
and  its  Value  in  1693."  Gatty's  '  Hunter's 
Hallamshire,'  1869,  p.  168,  has  "Fuller's 
penny  knife."  '  Index  to  the  Periodicals  of 
1896,'  p.  154,  has  ''Penniless  Poor."'  'Index 
to  the  Periodicals  of  1897,'  p.  162,  has 
41  Pennies  :  Tricks  with  Pennies."  H.  J.  B. 

What  are  "Garden  Pennies"?  In  Mait- 
land's  'History  of  London'  (vol.  ii.  book  viii. 
p.  1354)  occurs  the  following  paragraph  :  — 

"This  [Stepney]  being  at  present  a  Rectory  im- 
propriate,  the  Principal  and  Scholars  aforesaid 
[King's  Hall  and  College  of  Brazen-nose  in  Oxford] 
receive  the  Great  Tithes  ;  an  1  the  Incumbent,  for 
his  Support,  the  small,  Easter  Offerings,  Garden 
Pennies,  and  Surplice  Fees;  which  are  very  con- 
siderable." 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Xorthamptonshire. 

I  find  a  note  made  in  1866  that  Penny 
Readings  were  commenced  in  1859  by  Messrs. 
Sulley  and  Cowing  at  Ipswich. 

R.  J.  FYXMORE. 

Sandgate. 

SPLIT  INFINITIVE  (10th  S.  ii.  40f>).  —  I  am 
glad  that  MR.  EDWARD  SMITH  has  intro- 
duced the  split  infinitive  to  these  columns, 
because  we  may  now  hope  to  have  an  authori- 
tative pronouncement  on  the  subject.  It  has 
been  observed  at  the  first  reference  that  "  the 
two  leading  novelists  of  the  English  world, 
Mr.  Meredith  and  Mr.  Hardy,  both  tolerate 
this  usage."  It  may  be  added  that  it  was 
frequently  employed  by  Robert  Browning. 
In  the  face  of  these  authorities,  one  would 
like  to  know  on  what  foundation  the  objec- 
tion to  the  usage  is  based.  Is  it  grammatical, 
logical,  or  historical  ?  But  first  of  all  the 
organic  structure  of  the  infinitive  must  be 
explained,  because  it  is  on  this,  if  on  any- 
thing, that  valid  objection  can  be  taken.  To 
feegin  with.  What  part  of  speech  is  the  to  of 
the  infinitive  •  It  is  obviously  quite  a  dif- 
ferent thing  from  the  preposition  to,  indicat- 
ing direction  :  — 

To  be,  or  not  to  be,  that  is  the  question. 

To  err  is  human  :  to  forgive,  divine. 
It  is  plain  that  the  to  in  these  lines  is  entirely 
•distinct  from  the  to  in  such  a  sentence  as  "  I 


am  going  to  London."  But  our  pundits  «ay 
you  may  not  qualify  a  verb  by  inserting  ail 
adverb  between  this  to  and  the  verb.  As  a 
matter  of  fact,  a  number  of  verbs  have 
actually  been  qualified  by  an  affix.  We 
have,  for  instance,  to  outrun,  to  foresee, 
to  misquote,  to  counteract,  and  many 
others.  Why  is  it  right  to  say  "  to  outrun/' 
but  wrong  to  say  "  to  quickly  run  "  ?  Why 
may  we  say  "  to  misquote,"  but  nob  "  to 
wrongly  quote "  ?  All  this  seems  to  me  to 
require  working  out,  and  I,  for  one,  demand 
something  more  than  the  i/)se  dint  of  a 
reviewer.  I  do  not  think,  with  MR.  EDWARD 
SMITH,  that  our  increasing  acquaintance  with 
French  literature  and  fuller  intercourse  with 
the  French  people  have  anything  to  do  with 
the  growth  of  the  locution.  Our  intercourse 
with  literary  France  was  closer  in  the  days 
of  Horace  Wai  pole.  I  believe  the  usage  has 
arisen  solely  from  a  desire  to  emphasize  more 
clearly  the  qualifications  of  the  verbs  we 
employ. 

Macaulay  (and  indeed  every  writer)  con- 
stantly employs  the  split  infinitive  in  the 
passive  voice  of  the  verb.  Is  "to  be  tho- 
roughly spoilt"  right,  and  "to  thoroughly 
spoil :'  wrong  ?  And  on  what  ground  is  it 
justifiable  to  split  the  auxiliary  and  the 
verb }  I  read  in  to-day's  paper  that  A  has 
publicly  asked  for  something  and  has  been 
publicly  congratulated,  and  that  B  will 
shortly  formulate  certain  terms.  Does  the 
splitting  of  the  auxiliary  and  the  verb  stand 
on  a  different  footing  from  the  splitting  of 
the  mysterious  to  and  the  verb?  and,  if  so, 
why?  WT.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

EXCAVATIONS  AT  RICHBOROUGIT  (10th  S.  ii. 
289,  373).— Other  works  on  this  subject  are  : 

"  Battely  (A.),  Antiquities  of  Richborongh  and 
Reculver.  abridged  from  the  Latin,  map  and  plate, 
p.  Svo  (1774)."— Priced  iu  a  recent  second-hand 
catalogue  at  &•*. 

"  Smith  (C.  Roach),  Antiquities  of  Richborough, 
Reculver,  and  Limne,  illusts.  sq.  Svo  (18o<))." — 
Priced  in  the  same  catalogue  at  10.«.  (xl.  and  lii--. 
Two  copies,  apparently  the  same  edition. 

H.  W.  UNDERDO  WN. 

PARISH  CLERK  (10th  S.  ii.  12«  215,  373).— 
Much  information  on  this  subject  will  be 
found  in  the  thirty-sixth  volume  of  the 
Trant'tctions  of  the  Devonshire  Association, 
just  issued,  in  a  paper  by  the  Rev.  J.  T. 
Chanter,  entitled  '  The  Parish  Clerks  of 
Barnstaple,  1500-1900.  With  a  Survey  of  the 
Origin  and  Development  of  the  Order  of 
Parish  Clerks  and  their  Status  at  Different 
Periods'  (pp.  390-414). 

T.  X.  BRUSHFIELD,  M.D. 

Salterton,  Devon. 


18 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io«*  s.  in.  JAN.  7, 


CIIILTERN  HUNDREDS  (10th  S.  ii.  441,  516).— 
A  very  valuable  and  authoritative  work  on 
the  above  is  'The  Stewardship  of  the  Chiltern 
Hundreds,'  by  F.  S.  Parry,  C.B.,  published 
officially  by  Eyre  &  Spottiswoode  in  1893. 
FRANCIS  G.  HALEY. 

'THE  DEATH  OF  NELSON'  (10th  S.  ii.  405, 
493).— The  epitaph  on  the  Duke  of  Cumber- 
land, subsequently  used  in  '  The  Death  of 
Nelson,'  was  printed  in  '  The  Words  of  such 
Pieces  as  are  most  usually  performed  by  the 
Academy  of  Ancient  Music,'  second  edition, 
1768,  p.  199.  T.  Norris,  Mus.Bac.,  is  given 
as  the  composer's  name.  H.  DAVEY. 

15,  Victoria  Road,  Brighton. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

The  Principal  Navigations,  Voyages,  Traffiques,  and 
Discoveries  of  the  English  Nation.  By  Richard 
Hakluyt.  Vols.  IX.,  X.,  and  XI.  (Glasgow, 
MacLehose  &  Sons.) 

ALT,  but  completed  is  the  worthy  task,  boldly  and 
patriotically  undertaken  and  brilliantly  executed  by 
Messrs.  MacLehose,  of  placing  within  reach  of  the 
reading  and  studious  public  the  record  of  English 
adventure  and  empire-building  in  the  most  brilliant 
period  of  our  national  history.    The  work  is,  indeed, 
virtually  in  the  hands  of  the  student,  what  remains, 
though  indispensable  and  all-important,  being  to  a 
great  extent  in  the  nature  of  index  and  appendix. 
With  the  appearance  of  each  succeeding  instalment 
the  sense  of   the  importance  of  the   task  accom- 
plished  becomes  augmentingly  obvious.      To    say 
that    'The    Principal    Navigations'    is    unknown 
would  be  extravagant.    It  is  an  avowed  classic, 
standing  side  by  side  with  the  works  which  are  our 
chief  national  treasures,  and  leagues  in   front  of 
our  chronicles.    At  the  same  time,  it  is  unfamiliar 
to  the  general  public,  for   the  reason,  before    all 
others,  that  it  has  long  been   inaccessible.     That 
excuse  for  ignorance  is  now  withdrawn,  and  Hak- 
luyt must  henceforward  form  part  of  every  library 
claiming  consideration.    Perusal  has  hitherto  been 
practically     confined     to     those     occupied     with 
historical   studies.    It    should  now  extend  to  al! 
interested    in    the    growth    of    empire    and    the 
exploration    of    countries    outside    the    range    oi 
classical  knowledge.     Deeply  interesting  chapters 
are  opened  out  in  the  later  volumes.    In  vol.  ix 
we  are  occupied  ^yith  voyages  to  Florida  and  New 
Mexico,  explorations  of  the  Gulf  of  California,  anc 
visits  to  the  city  of  Mexico.    Of  poignant  interest 
is  the  account  of  the  attempt,  under  Rene  Goulaine 
de  Laudonniere  and  Jean  Ribaut,  at  the  direction 
of  Coligny  and  with  the  sanction  of  Charles  IX.,  t 
found  a  Huguenot  colony  in  Florida.     At  first  th 
attempt  met  with  a  certain  amount  of  success,  anc 
the  relations  between  the  native  chiefs  and  the 
French  invaders  were  of  the  most  amicable  nature 
The  deplorable  result  was  that  the  Spaniards,  treat 
ing  the  Huguenots  after  their  fashion,  massacrec 
the  whole    of    the    prisoners.     Apart  from  othe 
matters  of  interest,  it  is  pleasant  to  read  of  th 
protection  afforded  the  fugitives  by  Hawkins,  wh 


upplied  Laudonniere  with  food  and  clothing,  and 
>laced    at    his    disposition   a  vessel   on   which  t< 
scape.     These  incidents  belong  to  1564-6.     French, 
authorities,   in    dealing  with    Laudonniere,   make 
ittle  mention  of  Hakluyt.     Laudonniere  himselr 
mblished  in  1586  '  Histoire  Notable  de  la  Florider 
ontenant  les  Trois  Voyages  fails  en  icelle  par  des- 
Japitaines  et  des  Pilotes  Francais.'    It  is  in  a  sense 
atisfactory,  though  it  has  nothing  to  do  with  the 
ubject,  to  find  that  these  murders  by  the  Spaniards, 
at  which  Charles  IX.  connived,  were  revenged  by 
Dominique  de  Gourgues,  a  celebrated  mariner,  who- 
n  consequence  had  to  fly  France  for  his  life  .and 
accept  employment  from    Elizabeth.     A  novel  on 
he  subject  of  these  conflicts,  entitled  '  Le  Tahon, 
appeared  in  Le  Siecle  in  1857-    A  portrait  of  Lau- 
donniere by  Crispin  de  Passe,  from  the  Grenville 
^ibrary  in  the  British  Museum,  is  given  ^at  }>.  4.. 
Much  interesting  information  concerning  Florida  is- 
supplied,  and  we  hear  of  the  practice  of  scalping,  of 
the  existence  of  bison,  &c.     Some  of  the  statements 
are  somewhat  hard  to  credit,  as  when  we  are  told  ot 
people  considerably  over  two  hundred  years  old, 
A  portrait  of  Raleigh,  which  serves  as  frontispiece, 
s  after  an  original  attributed  to  Zucchero  in  the- 
Dublin  Gallery.  An  admirable  portrait  of  Hawkins, 
a  map  of  the  world  by  Peter  Plancius,  1594,  maps 
of  Florida  and  of  the  coast  of  China,  with  views  or 
ships  in  the  navy  of  Henry  VIII.,  are  in  the  same 
volume.      Fine    portraits    of    Drake,    Sir    Robert 
Dudley,  and  Sir  Anthony  Sherley,  with  other  maps 
and  plans  of  surpassing  interest,  follow  in  vol.  x. 
Among  the  contents  of  this  volume  are  the  exploits 
of  Drake  and  Hawkins,  both  of  whose  deaths  are 
described,  as  well  as  those  of  other  Ehzabetnau 
neroes.     In  the  eleventh  volume  are  descriptions  or 
explorations  of  the  coast  of  Brazil,  the  Straits  ot 
Magellan,  the  South  Sea,  "and  round  about  the 
circumference  of    the  whole    earth."     Herein  we 
have  a  brief  account  of  the  two  voyages  of  Mr. 
William    Haukins    of    Plimmouth,  father    to    Sir 
John    Haukius,    Knight,    and    his    bringing    over 
the  Brazilian  king,  who  was  presented  to   King 
Henry   VIII.,    but    died    on    the    return    voyage. 
Portraits  of  Thomas  Cavendish  and  Sir  Christopher 
Hatton,  with  other  designs  of  surpassing  interest, 
are  given.    We  might  easily  go  on  for  ever,  since 
there  is  no  point  at  which  to  stop  ;  but  considera- 
tions of  space  forbid  further  amplification.     1  he- 
volumes  are,  of  course,  a  treasure-house  rich  ana 
inexhaustible,  and  the  manner  in  which  the  task  or 
republication  is  executed  is  such  as  to  commend  the 
work  to  every  lover  of  fine  books.     It  is  pleasant  t 
know  that  the  reception  of  the  reprint  has  surpassed 
expectation,  and  has  emboldened  the  publishers  to 
undertake  the  issue  in  a  similar  form  of  '  Hakluyt u 
Posthumus;  or,   Purchas  His  Pilgrimes,    a  work 
even  rarer  than  that  of  which  it  is  a  continuation. 
This,  founded  on  materials  left  by  Hakluyt,  has 
not  previously  been  reprinted.    All  the  maps  (over 
seventy  in   number)   in   the  1625  edition  will    be 
reproduced,  the  fine  title-page  will  be  executed  in 
facsimile,  and  the  work  will  be  enriched  by  a  com- 
plete index  upon  a  scale  corresponding  to  modern 
requirements.     Of    this    a    thousand    copies  only, 
all  of  which  will  doubtless  be  subscribed  for  before 
publication,    will    be    issued.    Two  volumes    wil 
appear  in  the  autumn,  and  it  is  hoped  that  t 
entire  work  will  within  a  couple  of  years  be  in  the 
hands  of  the  subscribers.     The  last  copy  of  t 
original,  in  anything  like  a  good  condition,  though, 
defective  in  some  respects,  brought  by  auction  44/. 


io*  s.  in.  JAN.  7, 1905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


19 


7Y<<3  Work*  of  William  Shakespeare.  "  Stratford 
Town"  Edition  Vol.  I.  (Stratford-on-Avon, 
Shakespeare  Head  Press.) 

SENTIMENTAL  reasons  must  count  among  the  motives 
to  the  production  of  the  superb  edition  of  Shake- 
speare of  which  the  first  volume  is  now  before  us. 
Nothing  is  more  natural  than  that  the  birthplace 
of  Shakespeare  should  give  to  the  world  an  adequate 
and  sumptuous  edition  of  her  greatest  son.  As  the 
home  of  Shakespeare,  Stratford-on-Avon  claims,  a 
species  of  supremacy  among  cities,  and  ranks  as  a 
shrine  with  Delphos.  It  is  useless  for  London  even, 
the  scene  of  Shakespeare's  triumphs,  to  contest  the 
supremacy  with  the  Warwickshire  home,  seeing 
that  if  it  be  urged  that  Shakespeare  is  England's 
poet,  and  not  Stratford's,  it  may  with  equal  justice 
be  maintained  that  he  is  not  England's  poet,  but 
the  world's.  "He  was  not  of  an  age,  but  for  all 
time,"  Jonson's  immortal  utterance,  may  be  supple- 
mented with,  He  was  not  of  a  place,  but  for  the 
world.  Stratford  has,  however,  elected  to  have  an 
edition  of  its  own,and  in  supplyingsuch  has  met  alike 
the  requirements  of  the  book-lover  and  the  scholar. 
So  far  as  regards  the  latter  there  is  matter  for 
hearty  congratulations.  Which  of  us  has  not  wished 
for  a  text  undisturbed  by  note  and  undefiled  by 
conjecture?  There  are  tens  of  thousands  of  readers 
who  require  explanations  of  Tudor  phrase  and  a 
history  of  the  growth  of  Shakespeare's  tex-t.  For  such 
men  have  laboured  diligently  and  well,  and  between 
the  publication  of  the  great  Variorum  text  of  all  the 
commentators,  with  its  monstrous  growth  of  eru- 
dition and  absurdity,  and  the  new  Variorum  of  Dr. 
Horace  Howard  Furness,  now  in  progress,  innumer- 
able editions,  appealing  to  every  class  of  readers, 
have  seen  the  light.  Ample  room  remains  for  an 
edition  such  as  is  now  given  us,  and  the  moderate 
number  of  subscribei's  to  which  appeal  is  made — 
one  thousand  in  all  —  might,  we  should  suppose, 
easily  be  quintupled.  Adhering  for  a  moment  to 
the  sentimental  aspects,  we  may  say  that  the  work 
is  printed  in  the  house  of  Julius  Shaw,  one  of  the 
poet's  most  intimate  friends  and  one  of  the  witnesses 
to  his  will.  The  house  in  question  is  situated  two 
doors  to  the  north  of  New  Place,  and,  so  far  as  the 
main  structure  is  concerned,  has  undergone  little 
change  since  the  poet's  days.  For  the  text  Mr. 
A.  H.  Bullen,  the  best,  and  sanest  of  editors,  to 
whom  are  owing  the  best  editions  we  possess  of 
the  early  dramas,  is  responsible.  Its  aim,  as 
announced,  is  to  stand  midway  between  Dyce  and 
Clark  and  Wright,  the  editors  of  the  Cambridge 
text,  less  austere  than  the  latter,  but  more  rigorous 
than  the  former.  So  far  as  we  have  gone  in  com- 
paring the  present  text  with  that  of  the  Cambridge 
Shakespeare,  a  labour  in  which  naturally  we  cannot 
proceed  far,  the  advantage,  so  far  as  regards 
adherence  to  the  First  Folio,  is  with  the  new  work. 
Such  differences  as  we  have  found,  however, 
though  fairly  numerous,  are  rarely  important. 

The  first  volume,  which  contains  four  plays, 
'  The  Tempest,'  '  Two  Gentlemen  of  Verona,'  '  The 
Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,'  and  '  Measure  for 
Measure,'  has  for  frontispiece  a  fine  reproduction 
of  the  Droeshout  portrait.  Its  preliminary  matter 
consists  of  'The  Epistle  Dedicatory,'  by  John 
Heminge  and  Henry  Condell,  to  the  Earls  oi 
Pembroke  and  Montgomery,  the  address  '  To  the 
Great  Varietie  of  Readers,'  Ben  Jonson's  address 
'  To  the  Reader,'  '  The  Names  of  the  Principal 
Actors  in  all  these  Plays,'  the  'Commendatory 
Verses,'  and  the  'Additional  Commendatory  Verses,' 


all  from  the  1623  folio.  In  paper,  text,  typography, 
&c.,  the  volume  leaves  nothing  to  be  desired.  A 
more  beautiful  and  luxurious,  and,  so  far  as  we  are- 
able  to  judge,  more  accurate,  commendable,  and 
desirable  edition  of  Shakespeare  does  not  exist. 

The,  Poore's  Lamentation  for  the  Death  of  Queen 

Elizabeth.  (Printed  for  private  circulation.) 
To  our  valued  friend  Mr.  Alexander  Smith,  of 
Glasgow,  with  whose  knowledge  and  zeal  as  a 
bibliophile  our  readers  are  familiar,  we  owe  thi» 
handsome  and  interesting  reprint  of  a  unique 
poetic  tract  preserved  in  the  Malone  Collection- 
in  the  Bodleian  Library,  Oxford.  Anonymous  in 
authorship,  this  work  was  issued  in  1603  for 
Thomas  Pauier  in  "  Cornehill"  "at  the  signe  of 
the  Cat  and  the  Parrets."  It  was  known  to  John, 
Payne  Collier,  who  has  left  an  account  of  it  from.' 
which  Mr.  Alexander  Smith  quotes.  An  elaborate- 
eulogy  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  whom  in  alliterative 
fashion  it  calls 

Our  good  and  Godly  gracious  royall  Queene, 
it  no   less  fulsomely  eulogizes  her  successor,   for 
whom  it  invokes  a  life  thrice  exceeding  that  of 
Nestor.     Not  very  considerable  is  it  as  poetry,  bub 
it  is  scarcely  below  the  average  of  the  didactic  or 
elegiac  work  of  the  epoch.    It  has,  however,  some- 
historic  value,  giving  a  rimed  account  of  the  suffer- 
ing of  the  princess  in  the  reign  of  Bloody  Mary 
during  her  transference  from  one  place  of  confine- 
ment to  another.    The  verse  is  nai've  at  times,  and 
we  find  lines  such  as  the  following : — 
Elizabeth,  Elizabeth,  I  say, 
From  little  England  now  is  torne  away. 
A  genuine  service  to  letters  is  rendered  by  those 
who  preserve  such  waifs  and  strays  of  our  early 
literature,  and  we  own  our  obligation  to  Mr.  Smith 
for  allowing  us    to  count    the  reprint,   of  which- 
twenty-five   copies    only    are    issued,    among   our 
possessions. 

Photograms  of  the  Year  1904.  (Dawbarn  &  Ward.)1 
THE  advance  in  photographic  art  which  Photo- 
grams  has  at  once  assisted  and  chronicled  is  happily 
maintained,  and  much  of  the  work  exhibited  in  the 
present  volume  is  fully  entitled  to  rank  as  art.  The 
frontispiece,  entitled  '  L'Effort,'  exhibits  wonderful 
effects  of  light,  and  it  is  followed  by  some  splendid 
landscape  effects  of  French  origin.  From  all  parts- 
of  the  world  they  come,  until  it  must  puzzle  the 
most  competent  to  award  the  prize  of  merit.  The- 
composition  is  not  in  every  case  quite  successful,, 
but  the  collection  may  be  studied  with  delight  as 
well  as  advantage. 

The    Clergy   Directory   and   Parish    Guide,   1905. 

(Phillips.) 

THE  thirty  -  fifth  annual  issue  of  this  admirable 
directory  is  before  us,  and  once  more  fulfils  every 
condition  of  excellence.  It  is  thoroughly  up  to 
date,  supplies  all  information  to  be  expected  in  a 
work  of  its  class,  and  is,  as  experience  shows,  the 
handiest  and  most  convenient  of  similar  com- 
pilations. 

The  Burlington  Magazine  for  Connoisseurs. 
THE  frontispiece  to  The  Burlington  consists  of 
'  The  Good  Shepherd,'  a  wall  painting  of  the  third 
century,  in  the  Catacomb  of  Prtetextatus.  This  is 
wonderfully  reproduced  in  colours.  Mr.  A.  H. 
Smith  deals  with  'The  Sculptures  in  Lansdowne 


•20 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  in.  JAN.  7, iocs. 


House  '  seven  of  which  are  well  reproduced.  Opus 
AnXanum,  the  Syon  Cope,'  is  treated  by  May 
Morris  and  is  also  illustrated.  Following  tins 
-comes  a  third  article  on  'The  Carvallo  Collection,' 
wS  again  is  followed  by  Part  II.  of  Mr.  Hodg- 
iin's  '  Transfer  Printing  on  Pottery.'  Six  volumes 
•of  this  excellent  periodical  have  now  appeared. 

MR  P  LA.NDOX  sends  to  The  Fortnightly  a  warm 
.encomium  upon  London.  When  the  home-sick 
traveller  rejoces  in  the  sight  of  the  white  cliffs  of 
AlbTo  ?it  is  not  England,  but  "  the  deep  humming 
tong""  of  Westminster  and  the  pigeons  that  dip 
and  utter  round  the  Eleanor  Cross  of  Charing"  tor 
which  he  reallv  pines.  Mr.  Francis  Gribble  deals 
with  'Sainte-Beuve,'  on  the  failures  of  whose  life 
*e  has  much  to  say.  Sainte-Beave,  he  declares, 
was  "equally  famous  as  a  litterateur  wd  notorious 
Is  a  libertine."  For  critical  acumen  Sainte-Beuve 
Raised  but  in  other  respects  he  is  severely 
udwd  'Eton  under  Hornby'  is  pleasantly  anec- 
Ztal  Mr  Edward  Dicey  contributes  some  ^  Recol- 
lections of  'Arthur  Sullivan,'  descriptive  of  him  as 
n  rather  than  a  musician.  Mr.  Ernest  Rhys 
'Mr  'Swinburne's  Collected  .Poems,' 


rit       on          r  . 

md  displays  much   taste  and  imperfect  informa- 
tion -Si  I  The  Nineteenth  Century  Prince  Kropotkm 
'neaks  with  no  uncertain  voice  on  'The  Constitu- 
tional Agitation  in  Russia.'  Mr.  Edward  H.  Cooper 
wrTtes    on    'Children's    Christmas    Amusements.' 
What  he  says  is  not,  like  his  recent  utterance, 
directed  against  a  single  entertainment,  and  he  sup- 
J  -|f  some  curious  facts,  or  at  least  makes   some 
furious  Statements.     In  treating.  of    The  Position 
of   the    Australian    Aborigines   in   the    Scale    of 
Wnrnan  Intelligence,'  the  Hon.  J.  Mildred  Creed 
S  with  a  subject  on  which  he   is  entitled  to 
sneak  and  combats  the  view  that  places  the  abori- 
K  at  the  bottom.  Mr.  Newton-Robinson  has  an  in- 
teresting paper  on  'The  Revival  of  the  SmaU-Sword.' 
'A?  the  Rose  in  June'  has  a  pleasant  flavour  of 
riMticitv     Mr.  Frederick  Wedmore  writes  appro- 
ckt  vely  on  '  Fantin  and  Boudin.'     "  Undoubtedly 
the  best  book  of  the  season  is  "  so-and-so,  says  at 
™  close  of  the  number  a  cocksure  gentleman  who 
iurnXs  a  monthly  contribution   to  the  review. 
Tndee  Parry  supplies  in   The  Cornhill  an  agree- 
able   aWmtyof    'A   Welsh   Rector  of    the    Last 
•Centurv  '    In  No.  10  of  "Blackstick  Papers  'Mrs 
Richmond  Ritchie  gossips  pleasantly  about    Jacob 
•Omnium,'  a  name  now  fading  from  public  memory, 
but  once  conspicuous.    '  The  Tercentenary  of  "  Don 
•Quixote"'  by  Mr.  Austin  Dobson,  is  a  short  and 
.characteristic  poem,  just  published  at  Madrid  as 
r  contribution    to    the    movement  -it   celebrates 
Mr     E     V     Lucas    writes    on    '  G.    D.     [Georg< 
l)verl     Friend    of    Lamb.'      Few    more    eccentric 
irinrl    hearted     and    self  -  oblivious   creatures   than 
Dyer"  can  have  existed.     Mr.  .Frank  T.   Bullen's 
•Land  of  Romance'  is  situate  m  the  West  Indies 
—In  The  Gentleman's  Mr.  J.  Holden  MacMichae 
begins  an  account  of  '  Charing  Cross  and  its  Imme 
rliate  Neighbourhood,'  for  which  he  is  disposed  tc 
-claim  consideration  as   the  hub  of   the   terrestria 
universe.      Mr.    Frank    Lawrence    tells  afresh    t 
-curious  and  quite  forgotten  story  mi  he  Case  o 
M   Perreau.'     Mr.  Cuthbert  Hadden  discourses  01 
'  The  Robin.'    Our  own  observations  lead    us  t 
<ioubt  the  entire  accuracy  of    some    of    his  com 
ments.     Miss  Georgiana  Hill  has  a  paper  on     ^ 
•Great  Lady  of  the  Seventeenth  Century,  and  Edit 
<Jray  Wheelwright  one  on  'The  Influence  of  th 


k.ymri  in  Literature.' — Though  reduced  now  to  six- 
ence  The  Poll  Mall  Magazine  shows  no  falling  oif 
11  the  character  of  its  illustrations  or  its  letterpress, 
'he  photogravure  of  Reynolds's  'Country  Girl' 
vhich  forms  the  frontispiece  is  of  quite  remarkable 
ieauty.  A  characteristic  poem  by  Thomas  Hardy 
pens  the  number.  Next  comes  an  interesting 
,nd  valuable  paper  by  Mr.  John  Burns  on  '  London 
Jld  and  New,'  which  is  admirably  illustrated.  Im- 
nediately  following  contributions  are  by  Mr.  H.  G. 
Arells,  Mr.  H.  C.  Bailey,  and  Mr.  Herbert  Vivian, 
t  is,  indeed,  difficult  to  imagine  a  more  ideal 
election,  from  the  popular  standpoint,  of  contents. 
—Mrs.  C.  Towle  writes  in  Longman's  concerning 
hat  interesting  personality  Aubrey  de  Vere,  and 
Janon  Vaughan  has  a  capital  paper  on  '  The  Flora 
f  Hants.'  in  '  At  the  Sign  of  the  Ship '  Mr.  Lang 
vvns  to  having  discovered  who  was  the  Eliza  Logau 
ifter  whom  he  inquired  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  She  was,  it 
.ppears,  by  birth  a  Miss  Manson,  and  of  course 
narried  a  Logan.  These  particulars  are  obtained 
"rom  Mr.  Jonathan  Nield,  author  of  '  A  Guide  to 
.he  Best  Historical  Novels '  (Elkin  Mathews),  a 
work  of  which  we  had  not  previously  heard.  Mr, 
~.iang  also  describes  a  curious  American  version  of 
The  Ballad  of  Lord  Bateman,'  beginning,  very 
strangely,  "In  India  lived  a  noble  lord." 


to 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
wticen : — 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 
To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 
put  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
heading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "Duplicate." 

F.  P.  MARCHANT  ("  But  for  the  grace  of  God, 
there  goes —  "). — Dean  Farrar,  in  the  fourth  sermon 
in  'Eternal  Hope,' attributes  this  saying  to  John 
Bradford.  See  9th  S.  vii.  269,  351. 

H.  W.  UKDEBDOWN  ("Boxing  Day:  Christmas 
Box  ")  — See  the  editorial  note  at  9th  S.  iv.  477  and 
MR.  HOLDEN  MACMIOHAEL'S  article  9th  S.  v.  10. 

W.  CURZOX  YEO  ("Lass  of  Richmond  Hill"). — 
The  locality  of  this  song  was  discussed  at  con- 
siderable length  in  the  First,  Second,  and  Third 
Series,  and  at  still  greater  length  in  the  last  four 
volumes  of  the  Fifth  Series.  It  is  Richmond  in 
Surrey. 

J.  Gooos  ("Mad  as  a  hatter").  —  The  earliest 
instance  of  this  phrase  in  the  'N.E.D.'  is  from 
Thackeray's  '  Pendennis,'  chap.  x.  See  also  9"'  S. 
vi.  448;  vii.  251,  396.  We  do  not  know  who  used 
the  pseudonym  "^Esop"  in  the  middle  of  last 
century. 

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INDEX 


Q.    E    N    E     R    A     L 


OF 

NOTES      AND      Q  U  E  K  I  E  S. 

With  Introduction  by  JOSEPH  KNIGHT,  F.8.A. 

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s.  in.  JAN.  H,  1905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  JANUARY  U,  1005. 


CONTENTS. -No.  55. 

WOTE 3  :  — Sufferings  of  Troops  in  Winter,  21— Biblio- 
graphical Notes  on  Dickens  and  Thackeray,  22  —  Kpi- 
taphiana,  23  —  '  Yankee  Doodle  '  —  Clergyman  as  City 
Councillor — Cranmer's  Library,  24 — Holy  Maid  of  Kent — 
English  Canonized  Saints,  25 — Dagger  Pies— Vanished 
Pastimes  —Nelson  In  Fiction — The  Victoria  and  the  Cani- 
perdown,  26— Luther  Family — "  Totem,"  27. 

>QL  KIUK3  :— Hugh  Percy— London  Bridge  Theatre— Besant 
— Warren  Hastings  and  Sir  Charles  Malet— Rev.  Thomas 
Newman  —  David  Morgan,  Jacobite  —  "Broach"  or 
"  Brooch,"  28  -"  Walkyn  Silver  "— "  Wapiti  "—Pembroke 
College,  Cambridge  — Sir  Thomas  Cornwallis  — "  Blood- 
funkers"  —  "Caveac"  Tavern  —  Abbotsley,  St.  Neots, 
Hunts— "Heart  of  my  heart" — Police  Uniforms:  Omni- 
buses, 29— Polar  Inhabitants— Spanish  Arms — Triplicate 
Writing— Holyrood  Font,  30. 

REPLIES:— Sir  Walter  1'Espec,  30— Spelling  Reform  — 
"  Licence  "  and  "License,"  31— Great  Seal  in  Gutta-percha 
—Mercury  in  Tom  Quad  —  Queen  Anne's  Last  Years- 
Bibliography  of  Christmas — Heraldic — Children  at  Execu- 
tions, 33— Algonquin  Element  in  English — English  Burial- 
ground  at  Lisbon — Bio  id  used  in  Building,  3i  —  Three 
T-ulors  of  Tooley  Street -High  Peak  Words— Ben  Jonson 
and  Bacon — Battlefield  Sayings,  35— George  Washington's 
Arms  —  Parish  Documents  —  Armorial  Visiting  Cards— 
"Phil  Elia."  36  -  Heacham  Parish  Officers— '  Hardyknute1 
— Sarum,  37— "The"  as  part  of  Title— '  Assisa  de  Tol- 
loneis,'  &c.— Sir  William  Cal vert —Modern  Italian  Artists 
— Agnostic  Poets,  38. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS:  — 'New  English  Dictionary'  — 
Madame  d'Arblay's  Diary  and  Letters — Boswell's  'John- 
son'—  'Poets  and  Poetry  of  the  Nineteenth  Century' — 
4  Halejjhana '— Routledge's  "Miniature  Reference  Series" 
—Mr.  DodgS'm's  '  Don  Quixote'  in  Basque—'  Fry's  Guide 
to  London  Charities.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


gaits. 

BUFFERINGS  OF  TROOPS  IN  WINTER. 

AT  the  present  time,  when  the  war  in  the 
Far  East  has  drawn  attention  to  the  hard- 
ships inseparable  from  a  winter  campaign, 
it  may  not  be  uninteresting  to  recall  the 
sufferings  of  our  army  in  the  Crimea  during 
the  winter  of  1854-5.  The  following  notes 
are  extracted  from  letters  written  from  the 
camp  before  Sebastopol  by  the  late  General 
Maxwell,  O.B.,  who  commanded  the  46th 
Regiment  during  the  siege.  These,  of  course, 
were  not  intended  for  publication,  and  do 
eiot  pretend  to  be  anything  more  than 
private  letters,  written  at  odd  moments 
and  sent  home  to  his  friends,  to  tell  them 
•of  his  life  and  work  at  the  front.  At  the 
same  time  they  are  interesting  as  giving 
the  impressions  of  an  officer  on  the  spot,  and 
showing  that  the  army  was  quite  alive  to 
the  mismanagement  and  procrastination  of 
the  authorities.  They  also  form  an  additional 
testimony  to  the  good  conduct  of  our  soldiers 
under  very  trying  circumstances,  and  to  the 
appalling  loss  of  life  caused  by  sickness, 
chiefly  due  to  exposure  and  starvation. 


Camp  before  Sebastopol, 

Sunday,  12  Nov.,  1854. 

We  arrived  at  Balaclava  on  Wednesday  last, 
landed  and  marched  here  (seven  miles)  that  night, 
passed  the  night  alfresco,  and  of  course  hard  rain 
and  no  grub.  No  one  at  home  can  form  the  ghost 
of  an  idea  of  the  hard  work  a  soldier  has  here ; 
what  between  the  trenches  and  alarms  we  have 
never  a  moment  to  ourselves.  I  feel  for  the  men, 
as  they  have  been  wet  for  three  days  ;  the  work  in 
the  trendies  is  no  joke.  We  march  down  there  at 
6  P.M.,  as  soon  as  it  is  dark,  and  remain  there  till 
some  time  next  day  ;  half  of  the  men  are  on  the 
qui  rive,  the  others  lie  down  ;  but,  poor  devils ! 
of  late  you  see  them  lying  up  to  their  middles  in 
water.  How  they  stand  it  I  know  not.  What  a  fool 
I  was  to  be  so  anxious  to  come  out  here  !  We  have 
only  commenced  work  yet.  The  Russians  cannot 
drive  us  away,  but  starvation  and  cold  may.  We 
hear  that  we  are  to  winter  here  ;  if  so  I  shall  often 
remember  you,  as  I  have  got  the  fur  coat  here. 
Old  Garrett  has  got  a  brigade  ;  I  have  the  regiment 
and  have  my  hands  full ;  it  quite  amax.es  one  after 
the  quiet,  dry,  snug  work  in  barracks  at  home.  So 
much  for  my  doings.  All  1  can  tell  you  about 
Sebastopol  is  it  has  not  fallen ;  we  only  have  in- 
vested the  south  side,  all  the  rest  of  it  being  open 
to  the  enemy.  The  French  and  ourselves  are 
bombarding  away  day  and  night,  and  have  been 
doing  so  since  the  5th  of  last  month,  and  are  likely 
to  do  so  for  another  month  ;  and  even  when  we  get 
in  we  cannot  remain,  as-  the  strong  forts  on  the 
south  side  command  the  town.  A  pretty  look-out 
we  have.  The  fact  is,  we  have  tried  too  much,  and 
if  we  fail  you  may  all  thank  the  press  for  it. 

I,  to  my  great  joy,  met  Colin*  at  Constantinople  ; 
he  had  been  sent  down  sick,  but  was  nearly  well. 
Poor  fellow,  he  was  nearly  naked  ;  I  was  happy  to 
be  able  to  clothe  him  in  a  complete  suit.  He  ex- 
pected to  be  back  here  very  soon,  and  appeared 
anxious  for  it,  which  I  rather  wonder  at.  We  were 
too  late  for  the  action  last  Sunday  :f  [except  those 
of]  our  people  we  sent  out  before  us,  and  our  friend, 
the  Editor  of  The  Times,  will  be  happy  to  hear  that 
they  did  at  least  as  well  as  their  neighbours.  The 
pluck  and  spirit  of  the  men  is  wonderful.  Last 
night  in  the  trenches  a  party  of  ours  were  at  work  ; 
the  Russians  came  out,  and  our  fools  wished  to  be 
allowed  to  go  at  them  with  their  spades  and  pick- 
axes. I  am  sorry  to  say  that  this  morning  cholera 
made  its  appearance  in  our  camp,  and  we  bare  lost 
five  men.  I  trust  it  may  stop  as  it  is  an  awful 
scourge.  The  men  care  nothing  for  bullets,  but 
don't  like  the  cholera. 

Camp  before  Sebastopol,  8  January,  1855. 
That  infernal  town  is  as  far  off  as  ever  from  being 
taken,  and  looks  as  nice  and  comfortable  to  our 
longing  eyes  as  the  Russians  could  wish.  Our 
winter  has  commenced  now  ;  it  was  ushered  in  with 
a  devil  of  a  fall  of  snow,  and  then  hard  frost  with 
a  biting  cold  north  wind  ;  but  poor  weather  for 
tents,  but  they  are  wonderfully  warm,  more  so  than 
you  can  fancy,  or  we  may  be  getting  accustomed  to 

*  His  brother,  in  the  93rd  Highlanders. 

I  Inkerman.  Two  companies  only  of  the  46th 
were  at  this  battle.  The  remainder  of  the  regiment 
had  been  detained  at  home,  owing  to  an  inquiry 
into  a  case  of  "  bally-ragging"  an  officer.  A  cartoon 
appeared  in  Punch  with  reference  to  this  incident. 
See  issue  of  19  August,  1854, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io<h  s.  in.  JAN.  u.  1905. 


them  and  to  the  cold.  The  mercury  was  down  to  8 
last  night ;  I  think  that  is  the  lowest  we  have  had 
it  yet.  If  it  does  not  get  worse  we  may  weather  it 
yet,  but  we  are  sadly  reduced  ;  our  Brigade,  con- 
sisting of  the  1st  Battalion  Rifle  Brigade,  46th, 
63rd,  and  58th,  can  only  turn  out  700  men  fit  for 
duty.  Yesterday  the  63rd  could  only  turn  out/cw 
men  !  This  morning  we  have  244*  men  fit  for  duty: 
that  includes  officers,  servants,  and  every  man  in 
the  regiment.  We  have  337  away  sick  at  Balaclava 
or  Scutari,  and  174  sick  here.  We  have  buried, 
since  landing  on  8  November,  169— only  9  of  these 
from  loss  in  the  trenches  by  shot,  the  remainder 
killed  by  hard  work,  exposure  to  cold  and  wet,  bad 
—or  rather  short— allowance  of  food,  and  insuffi- 
cient clothing.  The  poor  fellows  are  half  naked, 
have  no  change  of  clothes,  and  consequently  are 
never,  I  may  say,  dry.  They  have  at  the  very  most 
only  one  night  in  bed — not  in  bed,  but  in  their 
tents  :  that  is  to  say  every  other  night  they  pass  in 
the  trenches,  and  from  their  proximity  to  the 
enemy  and  cold  they  dare  not  sleep,  and  hard  work 
it  is.  This  night  I  have  the  pleasant  prospect  of 
marching  down  there  at  five  o'clock,  remaining  till 
six  next  morning.  My  duty  when  there  is  to  see 
that  our  guards  are  properly  posted,  and  sentries 
out  in  every  direction.  I  have  a  deal  of  ground  to 
walk  over,  rough  and  hilly ;  on  a  fine,  dry  night  it 
keeps  me  warm,  but  on  a  wet,  dark  night  it  is 
dreary  work  :  and  that  is  the  sort  of  night  we  must 
be  most  wide  awake.  Your  fur  coat,  which  I  most 
providentially  brought  out,  has  been  the  saving  of 
my  life.  With  another  one  over  it  to  keep  off  the 
wet,  it  is  a  famous  thing.  If  I  had  only  a  pair  of 
waterproof  boots  and  a  good,  strong  waterproof 
coat,  I  should  be  all  right ;  but  I  am  in  hopes  of 
getting  them  from  some  of  the  numerous  supplies 
coming  out.  We  hear  a  great  deal  of  wooden  houses 
and  no  end  of  things  coming  out  from  the  generous 
people  at  home ;  but,  alas  !  they  will  come  up  to  us 
too  late,  I  am  afraid.  Everything  here  is  top  late. 
The  authorities  here  are  most  supine  and  dilatory 
about  everything ;  I  suppose  their  eyes  will  be 
opened  when  the  whole  army  is  like  the  63rd,  dead 
or  in  hospital ;  then  I  hope  they  will  have  to  give 
an  account  to  the  country  for  their  mismanagement. 
The  Timvs  correspondent  (with  one  exception)  gives 
a  fair  account  of  what  is  going  on  here,  drawn  mildly, 
of  course,  when  he  talks  of  the  ill-treatment  of  the 
men.  The  exception  I  allude  to  was  his  account  of 
the  46th  not  turning  out  for  the  trenches  the  night  of 
the  gale  ;  a  more  unfounded  lie  never  was ;  never 
did  wet,  half-clothed,  poor  devils,  without  a  morsel 
to  eat  all  day,  turn  out  more  willingly — not  a  murmur 
to  be  heard.  I  sent  the  captain  who  marched  them 
down  and  remained  with  them  that  night  in  the 
trenches,  and  the  adjutant  who  paraded  them,  to  the 
correspondent  todemandhisautnority.  Hewouldnot 
give  it  up,  but  said  he  was  sorry  at  having  written 
it,  and  was  very  contrite  ;  but  the  fact  is,  he  must 
please  his  employers.  One  never  sees  Lord  Raglan  ; 
he  and  his  staff  live  in  a  good  house,  his  horses  have 
good  stables,  and  are  all  very  comfortable.  I  wish 
their  house  were  burnt  down  and  they  put  in  tents. 
He  believes,  I  verily  think,  that  the  men  are  getting 
all  the  good  things  the  papers  talk  of;  but  don't 
think  the  whole  army  is  so  badly  off'  as  our  brigade. 
The  3rd  and  4th  Divisions  are  the  hardest  worked, 

*  This  is  the  figure  in  the  letter,  but  from  the 
"Morning  State"  of  the  regiment,  given  later  on, 
there  would  seem  to  have  been  only  140  fit  for  duty. 


and  consequently  the  greatest  sufferers  in  the  army. 
Colin  is  with  the  Highland  Brigade  near  Balaclava. 
Their  men  are  very  well,  fat,  and  well  fed.  They 
are  well  because  they  have  no  trenches  and  expo- 
sure ;  well  fed  because  they  are  close  to  Balaclava, 
where  the  supplies  are  kept.  We  are  seven  miles- 
off,  and  the  country  is  in  such  a  state,  and  the  com- 
missariat so  bad,  that  our  biscuit,  meat,  and  rum 
are  often  obliged  to  be  sent  for  by  fatigue  parties  of 
poor  men  worn  out  with  work  in  these  infernal 
trenches.  All  our  clothing  and  other  supplies  we 
send  men  for,  and  the  wooden  houses,  &c.,  will  lier 
and  are  lying,  at  Balaclava,  with  no  means  of  being 
brought  up ;  our  want  of  arrangement  is  beyond 
conception.  They  have  commenced  a  railroad  from 
Balaclava  to  this — again  too  late ;  it  will  be  finished 
when  the  weather  gets  fine  and  the  country  is  in 
good  order.  I  sometimes  tremble  to  think  what 
the  consequences  of  all  this  mismanagement  will  be  i 
but  triumph  at  last  we  must,  at  a  frightful  cost  of 
men.  I  was  never  better  in  my  life;  eat,  if  pos- 
sible, better  than  ever— when  I  can  get  it.  Salt 
meat  is  poor  stuff  to  live  on,  so  we  take  every 
opportunity  of  getting  preserved  meats,  but  at 
ruinous  prices.  Till  this  time  we  have  been  supplied 
by  Maltese  and  Greek  rascals,  whom  the  Govern- 
ment have  stupidly  allowed  to  settle  at  Balaclava 
and  charge  what  they  choose  for  things.  Living, 
as  we  are,  men  are  reckless  of  expense,  and,  not 
knowing  how  long  they  may  live  to  eat,  pay 
anything. 

Morning  State  of  46th  Regiment,  8  Jan.,  1855. 
Men  fit  for  duty,  including  all  casualties,  such 

as  officers,  servants,  &o.  ...        1401 

Sick  at  Scutari          337 

Sick  in  tents  here     .„        l"4 

651 

Lost  from  disease  since  landing  9  Nov....    160 
By  shot 9 

169       . 

From  this  state,  you  may  judge  how  our  men  get 
n.     We  have  sent  away  six  officers  sick. 

T.  F.  D. 

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  NOTES  ON  DICKENS 
AND  THACKERAY. 

SEVERAL  bibliographies  of  Charles  Dickens 
have  been  compiled  since  the  death  of  that 
writer,  and  the  latest  of  them  appeared  a  few 
months  ago  under  the  editorship  of  Mr.  J.  C? 
Thomson.  It  is  not,  perhaps,  very  high  praise 
to  say  that  this  little  work  is  a  decided 
advance  upon  its  predecessors,  though  it  still 
leaves  much  to  be  desired  ;  and  I  consider 
that  it  appeals  more  to  the  student  of 
Dickens  than  to  the  collector  of  his  works. 
This  was  perhaps  the  object  of  the  compiler, 
especially  as  very  few  of  the  writings  of 
Dickens  come  within  the  category  of  "rarities." 
Nevertheless,  it  would  have  been  better  if  the- 
collations  of  the  books  had  been  drawn  up  on- 
a  more  scientific  plan,  and  if  the  whole  work 
lad  been  subjected  to  closer  revision.  A  few- 
errors  will  be  discovered  on  close  inspection,, 


10*  s.  iir.  JAX.  14, 1905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


23 


misprints    abound,    and,   to  give    only  one 
example,  the  name  of  the  "  great  George  "  is 
consistently  misspelt  "Cruickshank."    Some 
notice  of  the  collected  editions  should  also  j 
have    been    given,    as    the    prefaces    which  | 
Dickens  specially    wrote   for   some    of    the  | 
volumes  are  of  value.    These,  however,  are  | 
minor  blots,  which  can  easily  be  removed  if  I 
a  second  edition  is  called  for.    To  say  that 
the  book  is  not  perfect  is  merely  equivalent 
to  saying  that  it  is  a  bibliography. 

A  great  dramatic  critic  of  my  acquaintance 
once  told  me  that  he  considered  the  "  thirties  " 
of  the  last  century  the  barrenest  period  in 
theatrical  history.  This  remark  cannot  be 
applied  to  literature,  for  that  decade  wit- 
nessed the  blossoming  into  fruit  of  the 
greatest  writers  of  the  Victorian  era.  But 
it  also  created  several  problems  in  literary 
history,  some  of  which  still  remain  unsolved, 
and  are  likely  to  elude  the  acumen  of  the 
most  skilful  bibliographer. 

I  have  in  my  possession  a  small  quarto 
volume,  the  contents  of  which  consist  of 
plays  extracted  from  The  Carlton  Chronicle, 
and  pasted  down  by  the  writer  of  the  plays 
and  the  former  owner  of  the  book.  This  was 
the  late  Mr.  W.  H.  Logan,  the  author  of 
'A  Pedlar's  Pack  of  Ballads  and  Songs,'  and 
co-editor  with  James  Maidment  of  'The 
Dramatists  of  the  Restoration.'  The  plaj7s 
are  really  burlesques,  of  the  '  Bombastes 
Furioso'  order,  and  are  all  in  print,  with  the 
exception  of  the  last,  which  was  copied  in 
manuscript  by  Mr.  Logan,  who  prefaced  the 
collection  with  the  following  note  : — 

"  The  following  absurdities  appeared  in  the  pages 
of  Th>;  Carlton  Chronicle— &  clever  Conservative 
journal  of  the  time — which  was  edited  by  Percival 
Weldon  Banks,  Esquire,  Barrister-at-Law,  the 
'Morgan  Rattler'  of  Fraser's  Magazine.  In  The 
Carlton  Chronicle  appeared  for  the  first  time  some 
of  Boz's  'Sketches.'  W.  Harrison  Ainsworth, 
James  Maidment,  Theodore  Martin.  W.  B.  D.  D. 
Turnbull,  and  the  writer  of  these  pages,  were  con- 
tributors. It  is  supposed  that  at  this  date — 
December,  1856 — there  are  not  above  four  complete 
sets  of  The  Carlton  Chronicle  in  existence. — 
W.  H.  L." 

The  plays  Avritten  by  Mr.  Logan  are  dated 
1836  and  1837,  when  Dickens  was  contributing 
his  '  Sketches  '  to  The  Evening  Chronicle  I 
have  never  seen  a  copy  of  The  Carlton  Chro- 
nicle, and  the  only  one  that  I  can  trace  was 
that  formerly  belonging  to  James  Maidment, 
which  realized  the  sum  of  six  shillings  and 
sixpence  at  the  sale  of  that  gentleman's 
library  on  17  May,  1880  (lot  5018).  Mr. 
Maidment's  copy  was  purchased  by  the  late 
Mr.  John  Mansfield  Mackenzie,  of  Edinburgh, 
at  whose  sale  on  11  March,  1889,  it  fetched 
only  three  shillings  (lot  245).  The  book 


world  was  evidently  unaware  of  the  value' 
of  the  compilation,  owing,  doubtless,  to  the 
fact  that  Dickens's  contributions  had  never 
come  within  the  cognizance  of  bibliographers 
In  one  of  Mr.  Logan's  productions,  a 
Christmas  pantomime  called 'The  Loves  of 
Hookey  Walker  and  Sally  Roy ;  or,  Harlequin. 
Humbug,'  a  note  occurs  at  the  bottom  of 
bhe  page:  "See  Thwacka  way's  'Mountain 
Sylph,'  in  which  Eolia  most  ingeniously 
transforms  herself  into  a  butterfly."  There 
are  other  references  to  the  '  Mountain  Sylph,' 
which  is  styled  an  opera  ;  but,  so  far  as  I 
know,  its  existence  has  been  ignored  by  all 
writers  on  Thackeray,  although  it  is  known 
that  about  the  date  of  The  Carlton  Chronicle 
he  occasionally  occupied  himself  in  composing 
trifles  for  the  lyric  stage  Of  the  contributors 
to  The  Carlton  Chronicle  who  are  named  by 
Mr.  Logan,  the  venerable  and  respected, 
figure  of  Sir  Theodore  Martin  alone  survives. 

W.   F.   PfilDEAUX. 


EPITAPHIANA. 

THE  following  epitaph  in  the  churchyard  of 
Lydd,  Kent,  may  be  of  interest.  I  have  a>, 
photograph  of  the  tombstone. 

In 

Memory  of 

Lieu*  Thos  Edgar  of  the  Royal  Navy 
who  departed  this  life  Octr  17th  1801 

Aged  56  years 

He  came  into  the  Navy  at  10  Years  of  age- 
was  in  that  memorable  Engagement 
with  Adm1  Hawk  and  sail'd  round  the  World, 
in  company  with  the  unfortunate 
Captain  Cook  of  the  Resolution 
in  his  last  Voyage  when  he  was  killed 
by  the  Indians  at  the  Island  of  O  whie 
in  the  south  Seas  the  14th  Feb>,  1778. 
Tom  Edgar  at  last  has  sail  d  out  of  this  World 
His  shroud  is  put  on  &  his  top  sails  are  furl'd 
He  lies  snug  in  deaths  boat  without  any  Concern' 
And  is  moor'd  for  a  full  due  ahead  &  a  Stern 
O'er  the  Compass  of  Life  he  has  merrily  run 
His  Voyage  is  Completed  his  reckoning  is  done. 

JOHN  G.  ADAMS. 
Hollis,  Long  Island,  New  York. 

Aubrey  records  an  epitaph  on  a  tomb  of. 
1398  ('Wilts,'  part  ii.  p.  104)  as  follows  :— 

Tu  qui  transieris,  videas,  sta,  perlege,  plora  ; 

Es  quod  eram,eteris  quod  sum  :  pro  me,  precor,  ora.. 

This  distich  had  considerable  vitality,  for 
in  1580  a  brass  put  up  to  Edmund  Hodson, 
formerly  Fellow  of  Winchester  College,  in. 
the  cloisters  there,  runs  : — 

Whoso  thow  art,  wyth  lovinge  harte, 
Stonde,  reade,  and  thincke  on  me ; 
For  as  I  was,  so  nowe  thow  arte, 
And  as  I  am,  so  shalte  thow  be 

Finally,  on    a  tombstone  dated   1810,    in- 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,      do*  s.  m.  JAN.  w,  wos. 


OPenalt  Churchyard,  Monmouthshire,  I  hav 
seen  the  inscription  : — 

Remember  we  as  you  pass  by  ! 

As  you  are  now,  so  once  was  we ; 

As  we  are  now,  so  you  must  be  ; 

Therefore  prepare  to  follow  we  ; 

Dry  up  your  Tears  our  Parents  dear, 

Weep  not  for  we  that  Sleepeth  here. 

'Other  examples  might  be  interesting. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 
[See  first  query,  p.  28.] 

The  following  inscription  is  to  be  seen  on  a 
:granite  headstone  in  Streatham  Cemetery 
"Garratt  Lane,  Tooting,  S.W  :— 
In  Memory  of 
David  Stolz 
of  Balham, 
By  Race  of  Jonah  i.  9. 

But  God  will  redeem  my  soul  from  the  power 
Of  the  grave,  for  He  shall  receive  me. 
To  Him  my  spirit  I  consign : 
Asleep,  awake,  I  do  not  fear. 
My  body  too  I  do  resign  : 
I  dread  no  evil,  God  is  near. 

Reference  to  Jonah  i.  9  gives  us  the  key  : 
•"  And  he  said  unto  them,  I  am  an  Hebrew  ; 
;and  I  fear  the  Lord,  the  God  of  heaven, 
which  hath  made  the  sea  and  the  dry  land." 
The  quatrain  is  the  last  part  of  a  Hebrew 
'hymn^entitled  '  Adoun  Olam.' 

M.  L.  R.  BRESLAR. 

The  following  epitaph  is  quoted  in  a 
paragraph  published  in  The  Daily  Chronicle 
•of  2  December,  1904,  and  is  stated  by  the 
writer  to  have  been  found  by  him  in  a 
•volume  of  the  '  Annual  Register '  issued  close 
upon  a  century  ago  :  — 

"Epitaph  in  Kilkeel  churchyard:  Here  lie  the 
remains  of  Thomas  Nichols,  who  died  in  Phila- 

•  delphia,   March,   1753.     Had    he    lived,   he  would 
have  been  buried  here." 

I  have  not  been  able  to  verify  the  quota- 
tion, time  not  permitting  of  an  exhaustive 
search  ;  but  it  seems  to  me  to  be  so  tho- 
roughly characteristic  as  to  deserve  a  place 
in  the  collection  published  in  'N.  &  Q.' 

ALAN  STEWART. 

I  send  an  epitaph  from  an  old  stone  in  the 

•  cemetery  at  Dacca,  Bengal,  which,  although 
written  from  memory,  is,  I  believe,  correct : 

Oh  ye  of  Scotia's  sons 

For  whom  music  hath  a  charm 

Your  souls  to  cheer,  your  hearts  to  warm, 

Pause  and  dp  homage  to  the  shade 

Of  one  who  in  the  fiddling  trade 

Had  few  compeers,  and,  what  is  better, 

He  was  the  essence  of  good  nater. 

ALEX.  THOMS. 

I  send  the  following  epitaph,  copied  from 
'the  churchyard  of  St.  Peter's,  near  Broad- 
stairs,  believing  it  has  not  appeared  in 


'  X.  &  Q.'  before.  The  monument  is  an  upright 
slab,  and  at  the  top  are  depicted  two  angels 
and  two  trumpets. 

In  Memory  of  Mr  Richard  Joy 
(Call'd  the  Kentish  Samson)  who 

Died  May  18th  1742  Aged  67. 
Herculean  Hero  !  Fam'd  for  Strength 
At  last  Lies  here  his  Breadth  &  Length. 
See  How  the  Mighty  Man  is  Fall'n  ! 
To  Death  ye  Strong  &  Weak  are  all  one. 
And  the  Same  Judgment  doth  Befall, 
Goliath  Great,  as  David  Small. 

It  is  said  that  he  could  lift  a  weight  of 
2,200lb.  CHR.  WATSON. 

264,  Worple  Road,  Wimbledon. 

[For  references  to  Jay  or  Joy  see  8th  S.  iv.  506  : 
v.  134.] 

'YANKEE  DOODLE.'  (See  10th  S.  ii.  480.) 
— The  original  version  of  'Yankee  Doodle' 
consists  of  fifteen  verses  of  four  lines  each, 
which  may  be  found  in  '  Young  Folk's  His- 
tory of  America,'  edited  by  Hezekiah  Butter- 
worth,  pp.  266-8  (Boston,  1881).  Of  the  other 
amusing  songs  belonging  to  the  same  epoch 
(1775-83),  one,  entitled  'The  Battle  of  the 
Kegs,' is  printed  in  the  appendix  to  (Surgeon) 
James  Thacher's  '  Military  Journal,'  Hartford, 
1854.  Both  these  books  are  in  my  library. 
EUGENE  F.  McPiKE. 

Chicago,  U.S. 

CLERGYMAN  AS  CITY  COUNCILLOR.  —  The 
following  is  from  The  Times  of  22  December, 
1904  :— 

"  In  Castle-Baynard  Ward,  at  which  Alderman 
Sir  David  Evans  was  the  returning  officer,  Mr. 
Gr.  T.  Thornes  retired,  and  the  Rev.  Percival 
dementi-Smith,  Master  of  the  Mercers'  Company 
and  rector  of  St.  Andrew-by-the- Wardrobe,  was 
unanimously  elected  in  his  place.  Mr.  Clementi- 
Smith  is  the  first  clergyman  who  has  been  elected 
to  the  Corporation  since  the  Reformation." 

H.  W.  UNDERDOWN. 

CRANMER'S  LIBRARY.    (See  6th  S.  xi.  309, 
412  ;  7th  S.  xii.  345.)— At  the  first  and  last  of 
:.he  above  references  a  request  is  made  for 
information   concerning  any   books   bearing 
he  autograph  "Thomas  Cantuarien.,"  with 
;he  statement  at  the  first  reference  that  the 
reater    portion    of    Archbishop    Cranmer's 
x>oks  are  in  the  British  Museum,  but  that 
many  were  sold  and  scattered.     I  may  say 
;hat  there  is  a  book  bearing  this  signature 
on  the  top  margin  of  the  title-page  in  the 
ibrary  of  the  Royal  College  of  Physicians. 
^ts  title  is :  "  Digesto-  |  rum  seu  Pandectaru' 
mis    Csesa-  |  rei   Tonms  Secundus,   quod  | 
•ulgo     Infortiatum    |  appellant.     [Woodcut, 
printer's  device.]  Parisijs  |  Ex  officina  Claudij 
heuallonij,  sub  |  Sole  aureo  in  via  ad  diuum 
acobum.  |  1527."    8vo.    It  is  significant  that 


ID--  s.  in.  JAX.  14, 1905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


the  first  article  in  the  book  is  headed,  "  Soluto 
matrimonio  quemadmodum  dos  petatur." 
There  are  no  underlinings  or  MS.  notes. 

W.  R.  B.  PRIDEAUX. 

THE  HOLY  MAID  OF  KENT.— Mr.  Sidney  j 
Lee,  at  p.  48  of  his  new  book,  '  Great  English- 
men of  the  Sixteenth  Century  '  (1904),  in  his 
interesting  account  of  Sir  Thomas  More, 
refers  to  Elizabeth  Barton,  "  the  Holy  Maid 
of  Kent,"  as  "staying  with  the  monks  of  the 
Charterhouse  at  Sion  House,  London." 

I  may  perhaps  be  allowed  to  point  out 
that  it  is  against  the  rules  of  the  Order  of 
Carthusians  to  permit  women  to  enter  a 
Charterhouse  unless  it  be  a  nunnery,  which 
the  one  referred  to  evidently  was  not ; 
indeed,  the  order  had  no  nunnery  in  the 
English  Province,  all  their  priories  being  for 
monks.  Further,  there  was  no  Charter- 
house at  Sion  House. 

There  was  a  Carthusian  Priory  or  Charter- 
house, founded  by  Henry  V.,  at  (West) 
Sheen,  now  known  as  Richmond  in  Surrey, 
and  the  priory  would  not  be  far  from  where 
the  Observatory  now  is,  in  the  Old  Deer 
Park.  More,  in  his  letter  to  Cromwell, 
printed  in  the  Rev.  T.  E.  Bridgett's  'Life 
and  Writings  of  Sir  Thomas  More'  (1892), 
refers  to  "  the  Prior  of  the  Charter- 
house at  Shene"  coming  to  him  and  talking 
about  the  Maid  (p  330);  and  further  on 
he  states  "  that  after  her  own  confession 
declared  at  Paul's  Cross"  on  23  November, 
1533,  he  sent  word  by  his  servant  "unto  the 
Prior  of  the  Charterhouse,  that  she  was 
undoubtedly  proved  a  false,  deceiving  hypo- 
crite." But  there  does  not  appear  to  be  any- 
thing to  show  that  the  Maid  ever  went  to 
Sheen  Charterhouse. 

In  the  same  letter,  however,  More  expressly 
states  (p.  326)  : — 

"After  this,  I  being  upon  a  clay  at  Sion,  and 
talking  with  the  fathers  together  at  the  grate, 
they  showed  me  that  she  [i.e.,  the  Maid]  had 
been  with  them,  and  showed  me  divers  things 

that  some  of  them  misliked  in  her Afterwards, 

when  I  heard  that  she  was  there  again,  I  came 
thither  to  see  her,  and  to  speak  with  her  myself. 
At  which  communication  had,  in  a  little  chapel, 
there  were  none  present  but  we  two." 

Compare  also  F.  A.  Gasquet,  '  Henry  VIII. 
and  the  Eng  Mon.'  (1895),  vol.  i.  p.  143. 

Sion  Monastery  was  on  the  opposite  side 
of  the  river  to  Sheen,  the  site  being  now 
occupied  by  Sion  House,  between  Isleworth 
and  Brentford,  in  the  county  of  Middlesex. 
It  was  a  foundation  of  the  Order  of  St.  Bridget 
of  Sweden,  and  according  to  the  rule  of  the 
order  monks  and  nuns  lived  under  the  same 
roof,  though  the  two  communities  were 
completely  separate.  The  sisters,  with  the 


abbess,  dwelt  in  one  court,  and  the  canons- 
and  lay  brothers  in  a  separate  court  by  them- 
selves ('  Mon.  Angl.,'  Ellis,  vol.  vi.  p.  542).  Ifc 
is  said  that  the  rule,  although  less  austere 
than  that  of  the  Carthusians,  included  a  strict 
enclosure  and  the  exercises  of  a  contempla- 
tive life.  (See  Hendriks's  'The  London 
Charterhouse,'  1889,  pp.  127-8,  and  G.  J. 
Aungier's  '  The  History  and  Antiq.  of  Syoii 
Mon.,'  1840 ;  see  p.  85  as  to  More's  meeting, 
with  the  Maid.) 

It  may  be  worth  while  also  to  call  attention 
here  to  the  note  on  p.  13  of  Thomas  Wright's 
'  Letters  relating  to  the  Suppression  of  the 
Monasteries'  (Camden  Soc.,  1843),  wherein, 
referring  to  the  subject  of  the  Holy  Maid,  he- 
mentions  "the  fathers  and  nuns  of  Syon,  the 
Charter  House,  [sic]  and  Sheen,"  as  if  there 
were  three  places.  What,  of  course,  must 
have  been  intended  was  the  monks  and  nuns 
of  Syon  and  the  monks  of  Charterhouse  at 
Sheen.  H.  W.  UNDERDOWN. 

ENGLISH  CANONIZED  SAINTS. — The  following 
list  is  perhaps  not  complete,  and  some  details 
I  am  unable  to  fill  in ;  but,  such  as  it  is, 
it  may  be  of  interest  in  reference  to  the 
recent  discussion  in  'N.  &  Q.'  under  the 
heading  '  Martyrdom  of  St.  Thomas  ; 
St.  Thomas  of  Hereford.' 

/.  Formal  Canonizations. 

1.  St.  Alban  is  stated  by  Matthew  Paris  to 
have  been  canonized  by  Pope  Adrian  I.  in  794. 

2.  St.  Willibald  was  canonized  by  Leo  VII. 
in  938. 

3.  Pope  Adrian  IV.,  the  only  English  Pope, 
canonized  St.  Siegfried  in  1158. 

4.  5.  Alexander  III.  canonized  St.  Edward 
the  Confessor,  7   February,    1161/2,    by   the 
bull      Uliiis     devotionis     constantiiun,     and 
St.    Thomas    of  Canterbury    on   22   March, 
1173/4,  by  the  bull  Gandendv.m  estunirersitati. 

6,  7.  Innocent  III.  canonized  St  Gilbert  of 
Sempringham  in  1202  (bull  lost),  and  St.  Wol- 
stan,  14  May,  1203,  by  the  bull  Gum  secundum 
evanyelicam. 

8,  9.  Honorius  III.  canonized  St.  Hugh  of 
Lincoln,  18  February,  1220/1,  by  the  bull 
Dirince  dignatio  ])ietatis,  and  St.  William  of 
York,  18  March,  1226/7,  by  the  bull  Qui  statuit 
terminos. 

10.  St.  Edmund  Rich  was  canonized  by 
the  bull  of  Innocent  IV.,  dated  11  January, 
1247/8,  Novum,  mat r is  ecclesice. 

1 1  St.  Richard  of  Chichester  was  canonized 
20  February,  1261/2,  by  the  bull  of  Urban  IV., 
Exidtet  angelica  turba. 

12.  St.  Thomas  of  Hereford  was  canonized 
17  April,  1320,  by  the  bull  of  John  XXII,. 
Uniyenitus  Filius. 


26 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io»  s.  in.  JAN.  u,  1005. 


13.  Boniface  IX.  (Pope  from  1389  to  1404) 
-is  stated  to  have  canonized  St.  John  of  Brid- 
•lington. 

14,  15.   Callixtus  III.  (Pope  from  1455  to 
1458)  canonized   St.   Osmund  of  Salisbury, 
1  January,  1456/7,  and  (according  to  Platina, 
•who  is  probably  wrong)  St.  Edmund  the  King 
-(date  unknown). 

16.  In  some  year  unknown  St.  Stephen 
Harding  appears  to  have  been  canonized  on 
17  April  (see  Benedict  XIV.,  '  De  Canoniz.,' 
•lib.  i.  c.  13,  n.  17,  t.  1,  p.  100). 

II.  Equipollent  Canonizations. 

When  the  offices  of  a  saint  are  extended  to 
the  Universal  Church  he  is  said  to  receive 
-equipollent  canonization. 

St.  Ursula  and  her  companions  were  thus 
lionoured  by  St.  Pius  V.  (Pope  1566  to  1572) ; 
St.  Anselm  by  Alexander  VIII.  (1689-91) ; 
St.  Margaret,  Queen  of  Scotland,  by  Inno- 
cent XII.,  15  September,  1691;  St.  Boniface 
by  Pius  IX.  (1846-78) ;  St.  Augustine  of  Can- 
terbury by  Leo  XIII.,  28  July,  1882,  and 
•St.  Bede  by  Leo  XIII,  13  November,  1899. 

I  may  add  that  St.  Bede  was  at  the  same 
•time  declared  a  Doctor  of  the  Church.  The 
same  title  of  honour  was  declared  to  St.  An- 
selm by  Clement  XI.  in  1720. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

DAGGER  PIES. — By  the  accidental  omission 
•of  a  reference  in  the  first  edition  of  Nares's 
*  Glossary  '  a  quotation  of  two  lines  has  been 
run  on,  in  subsequent  editions,  to  form  part 
of  another  quotation  which  follows  it,  and 
the  whole  is  printed  thus  : — 

"  Good  den  good  coosen  ;  Jesu,  how  de  'e  do? 

When  shall  we  eat  another  Dagyer-pie,  ' 
Out   bench-whistler,  out ;  I  '11  not  take  thy  word 
for  a  Dagger  pie.    Decker's  '  Satiromastix,'  p.  115. 
Hawkins  3.'; 

The  first  two  are  the  opening  lines  of  a 
little  dialogue  in  verse  attributed  to  S.  Row- 
lands, 1602,  called  '  'Tis  Merrie  when  Gossips 
.meete.' 

The  'N.E.D.,'  vol.  iii.  p.  7,  col.  3,  quoting 
from  Nares,  as  above,  naturally  attributes 
•  them  to  'Satiromastix.' 

Another  mistake  in  Nares  also  affects  this 
•'Dagger-pie'  article  in  the  'N.E.D.'  There 
were  two  taverns  with  the  sign  of  the 
'"Dagger."  Nares  knew  only  of  that  in 
Hoi  born  ;  but  it  was  the  "  Dagger  "  in  Cheap- 
side  which  gave  its  name  to  the  pies/  See 
the  second  part  of  'If  you  know  not  me, 
you  know  nobody,'  Act  I.  sc.  ii.,  by  Hey- 
wood.  The  scene  is  Hobson's  shop.  During 
his  absence  the  two  apprentices  leave  their 
business.  The  second  prentice,  going  out, 
says:  "I  must  needs  step  to  the  Digger  in 


Cheape,  to  send  a  letter  into  the  country  vnto 
my  father."  Hobson  comes  back  to  his  shop, 
and,  when  this  prentice  returns,  asks  him, 
"And  where  have  you  been]  2nd  Pren.  At 
breakfast  with  a  Dagger-pie,  sir."  Collier, 
in  the  Shakespeare  Society's  reprint  of  the 
play,  has  a  note  on  the  two  "  Daggers." 

P.  A.  DANIEL. 

VANISHED  PASTIMES. — When  I  was  a  boy 
I  must  have  been  a  little  "  hooligan,"  for  one 
of  the  pastimes  or  diversions  of  winter  was 
indulgence  in  the  dangerous  practice  of 
shooting  orange-peel  at  all  and  sundry  from 
a  copper  Y-shaped  ''  toy,"  the  horns  of  which 
were  connected  by  elastic,  from  which  the 
tiny  catapults  of  orange-peel  were  shot 
broadcast.  I  do  not  know  what  recalled  to 
me  quite  spontaneously  the  memory  of  those 
boyish  instruments  of  torture,  but  I  have 
not  seen  them  in  any  of  the  small  shops 
devoted  to  the  menus  ^CU'SM-S  de  la  jeiinesse 
for  many  years  past,  and  now  wonder 
whether  police  restrictions  were  quietly 
brought  to  bear  upon  the  vendors  in  the 
same  way  as  they  were  upon  the  vendors 
of  "squirts"  and  other  obnoxious  pastimes 
which  were  such  discordant  conditions  of 
life  in  the  last  century. 

M.  L.  R.  BRESLAR. 

NELSON  IN  FICTION. —  "Nelson's  peerless 
name "  has  time  and  again  figured  in  the 
pages  of  romance  with  more  or  less  veri- 
similitude. Just  now,  with  the  centenary 
of  Trafalgar  coming  on  this  year,  I  have 
noticed  three  tales  of  adventure  in  which 
"  the  Norfolk  Hero,"  as  we  love  to  call  him, 
is  introduced.  These  are  : — 

1.  Mr.  Henty's  last  story,    '  By  Conduct 
and  Courage,'  said  by  some  to  be  his  best 
book. 

2.  '  The  Commander  of  the  Hirondelle,'  by 
Dr.  W.    H.   Fitchett,    which    contains    fine 
thumbnail  sketches  of  Nelson. 

3.  *  England  Expects  :  a  Story  of  the  Last 
Days   of    Nelson,'    by    Frederick    Harrison, 
which  has  a  stirring  account  of  the  culmina- 
ting scene  at  Trafalgar1. 

It  would  be  interesting  if  a  complete  list 
of  tales  dealing  with  Nelson  and  his  times, 
directly  or  indirectly,  could  be  furnished. 

JAMES  HOOPER. 

Norwich. 

THE  VICTORIA  AND  THE  CAMPERDOWN. — 
The  subjoined  cutting  from  a  recent  number 
of  The  Somerset  County  Gazette,  under  the 
heading  '  North  Perrott,'  deserves,  I  think, 
preservation  in  'N.  &  Q.' : — 

"Ax  INTKKKSTIXO  RELIC.— An  exceedingly  in- 
teresting relic  has  been  placed  in  the  north  transept 


io<"s.m.jA_v.i4,i90o.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


27 


•of  the  parish  church,  immediately  above  the 
Hoskyns'  family  pew.  It  is  the  Union  Jack  which 
was  flying  on  the  ill-fated  Victoria  when  she  went 
down  after  being  rammed  by  the  Camperdown  a  few 
years  since.  When  the  Victoria  sank  this  flag,  strange 
to  say,  was  found  floating  on  the  surface  of  the  sea. 
It  was  picked  up  and  sent  to  the  Admiralty.  The 
late  Admiral  Sir  Anthony  Hoskyns,  when  he  had 
the  command  of  the  Mediterranean  Fleet,  hoisted 
the  same  flag  on  the  Victory,  then  his  flagship,  and 
it  was  in  turn  hauled  to  the  masthead  by  Admiral 
Tryon,  who  afterwards  assumed  the  command,  and 
who,  it  will  be  remembered,  went  down  with  his 
«hip.  On  the  occasion  of  the  funeral  of  the  late  Sir 
Anthony  Hoskyns,  at  North  Perrott,  the  flag  was 
used  as  a  pall.  It  was  afterwards  given  by  the 
Admiralty  to  Lady  Hoskyns.  On  her  death  this 
relic  passed  to  the  family,  and  they  placed  it  in  the 
parish  church,  where  it  hangs  in  graceful  folds, 
commemorating  the  names  of  two  brave  men,  and 
is  a  visible  reminder  of  one  of  the  saddest  disasters 
in  the  history  of  the  British  Navy." 

W.  LOCKE  RADFORD. 

LUTHER  FAMILY.  (See  10th  S.  ii.  323.)— The 
earliest  record  of  this  family  in  my  possession 
is  from  the  Visitation  of  Essex,  1634(Harleian 
Soc.  vol.  xiii.  p.  439),  and  it  commences  with 
the  Richard  whose  monument  the  REV.  JOHN 
PICKFORD  refers  to  ;  but  no  mention  is  made  of 
the  brother  Anthonie  Luther.  Can  MR.  PICK- 
FORD  or  any  other  of  your  readers  give  any 
earlier  information  respecting  this  family  ; 
a,lso  the  date  of  Anthonie's  death  ?  It  is 
possible  that  he  died  prior  to  1634,  and  that 
the  inscription  was  only  placed  on  his  tomb 
at  the  death  of  his  brother  Richard  in  1638 

My  interest  in  the  family  arises  from  the 
grandson  (Richard)  and  granddaughter  (Jane) 
of  the  above  -  mentioned  Richard  having 
married  the  daughter  (Rebecca)  and  son 
(Edward)  of  my  great-great  great-great-great 
uncle,  Alderman  Edward  Rudge,  Sheriff  of 
London  in  1637. 

It  was  the  great-granddaughter  (Charlotte 
Luther)  of  Richard  Luther  and  Rebecca 
Rudge,  and  sister  of  John  Luther,  M.P.  for 
the  county  of  Essex,  who  married,  as  his 
third  wife,  Henry  Fane,  of  Wormsley,  M.P. 
for  Lyme  Regis,  and  brother  to  the  eighth 
Earl  of  Westmorland  ;  and  the  manner  in 
which  Miles  or  My  less  passed  to  the  Fane 
family  is  described  in  the  "Gentleman's 
Magazine  Library :  English  Topography," 
part  iv.  p.  96,  thus  :  "  My  less,  the  property  of 
F.  Fane,  Esq.  (related  to  the  Right  Hon.  Earl 
of  Westmorland),  formerly  belonging  to  John 
Luther,  Esq.  [who,  though  married,  died  s.p. 
in  1786],  who  left  it  to  Mr.  Fane  at  his 
•decease." 

This  is  confirmed  by  the  following  entry  in 
'Burke's  Landed  Gentry  '  (ed.  1846,  p.  395) : 

"  Francis  [second  son  of  Henry  Fane  and  Char- 
lotte Luther]  of  Spetisbury,  Dorset,  and  Green 


Park  Place,  Bath,  M.P.  for  Dorchester,  who 
succeeded  under  the  will  of  his  uncle  John 
Luther,  Esq.,  to  the  large  estates  of  Myless's,  &c., 
and  died  without  issue,  when  those  estates  passed 
by  entail  to  his  elder  brother  "— 

John,  who  married  Lady  Elizabeth  Parker, 
daughter  of  Thomas,  third  Earl  of  Maccles- 
field,  and  by  whom  he  had  issue  John, 
mentioned  in  the  next  paragraph,  and  others. 

In  'Burke's  Peerage'  (ed.  1897,  p.  1524) 
Charlotte  Luther  is  described  as  sister  and 
co-heiress  (with  Rebecca  her  sister,  wife  of 
J.  Taylor,  Esq.)  of  John  Luther,  Esq.,  of 
Myles,  Essex ;  and  '  Burke's  Commoners,' 
iv.  9,  gives  the  representation  of  the  Luther 
family  as  vested  in  Mr.  Fane  (John,  grandson 
of  Charlotte  Luther)  and  Dr.  Taylor  (John 
Taylor  Gordon.  M.D.,  grandson  of  Rebecca 
Luther),  of  Clifton.  According  to  '  Burke's 
Landed  Gentry1  (ed.  1846,  p.  478),  this 
Dr.  Taylor,  or  Taylor  Gordon,  is  of  royal 
Scotch  descent  as  well,  as  being  a  descendant 
of  the  Earls  of  Huntly. 

I  have  been  unable  to  trace  with  any 
certainty  that  the  Luther  family  of  Essex 
were  descended  from  Martin  Luther  ;  but  it 
may  be  interesting  to  quote  the  following  in 
this  connexion,  which  appears  in  '  Burke's 
Commoners,'  iv.  9  : — 

"Established  in  England  during  the  reign  of 
Henry  VIII.,  and  undoubtedly  allied  to  the  cele- 
brated Reformer,  the  Luthers  remained  seated  in 
Essex  for  centuries,  intermarrying  with  the  leading 
families  of  thatcounty,representingitinParliament, 
and  exercising  paramount  influence  in  its  local 
government." 

FRANCIS  H.  RELTON. 

9,  Broughtou  Road,  Thornton  Heath. 

"  TOTEM."— If  there  is  any  book  to  which 
one  turns  with  confidence  for  the  etymology 
of  American  words,  the  '  Century  Dictionary  ' 
is  surely  that  book.  Its  note  on  totem  would, 
however,  be  hard  to  beat  for  muddled 
arrangement,  and  liability  to  mislead  the 
seeker  for  information  : — 

"  Amer.  Ind.  ;  given  as  from  '  Massachusetts 
Indian  wutohtimoin,  that  to  which  a  person  or  place 
belongs'  (Webster's  Diet.);  Algonkin  dodaim 
(Tylor) ;  Algonkin  otem,  with  a  prefixed  poss.  pron. 
nt  'otem,  my  family  token." 

A  commentary  seems  necessary  to  elucidate 
the  facts  which  the  above  ingeniously 
conceals. 

(a)  Massachusetts    ivutohlimoin,    though 
here  brought  into  the  foreground,  is  at  best 
only  distantly  connected  with  totem.     If  it 
were    possible    to    imagine  a  lexicographer 
giving  tooth  as  from  German  zahn,  it  would 
be    a    fair    parallel    to   the  quotation  from 
Webster. 

(b)  It  is  a  detail,  but  the  quaint  ortho- 


28 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  B.  in.  JAN.  u,  ms. 


graphy  dodaim  is  not  Tylor's,  but  School- 
craft's.  See  his  '  Indian  Tribes,'  1851,  p.  151. 
(c)  The  real  origin  of  totem  is  from 
"  Algonkin  "  (i.e.  Odjibway)  otem,  which  first 
appeared  in  European  literature  in  1612,  in 
the  French  of  Lescarbot  ("  son  daemon  appelle 
aoutem,''  p.  683).  It  then  dropped  out  of  sight, 
until  it  was  reborrowed  from  the  Odjibway 
into  English  in  the  form  totem,  the  initial  t 
being  due  to  the  incorporation  of  part  of  a 
possessive  pronoun.  Totem  is  to  Lescarbot's 
aoutem  exactly  as  Shakspere's  nuncle  is  to 
uncle.  This  the  '  Century  '  knows,  and  tries 
to  explain  ;  but  I  doubt  if  any  one  fresh  to  the 
matter  would  understand  its  explanation, 
which  must  be  my  excuse  for  restating  well- 
known  facts  in  (I  hope)  simpler  language. 
JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  sent  to  them 
direct. 

HUGH  PERCY.— At  the  dispersion  of  the 
Ashburnham  Library  was  sold  a  somewhat 
remarkable  folio  MS.  in  the  handwriting  of 
Hugh  Percy.  Numerous  dated  entries  occur 
in  it,  ranging  from  1658  to  1662.  It  contains 
on  ninety-four  leaves  a  large  number  of 
examples  of  the  rules  of  arithmetic,  written 
in  a  small  and  beautiful  hand,  and  embellished 
with  very  quaint  grotesque  initials,  in  red, 
blue,  and  green  ink.  It  must  have  been  a 
work  of  enormous  labour,  and  of  great  utility 
to  a  student  of  commercial  arithmetic.  On 
a  fly-leaf  after  the  title-page  is  the  following 
note : — 

"Mary  Percy  was  Borne  at  Way  mouth  in  Mel- 
comb  Regis  the  28  h  day  of  January  in  the  year 
1645.  —Departed  this  Life  at  Bursys  [?]  13  July 
between  9  &  10  at  night  1704. 

Shee  was  both  Vertuos  obedjente  &  a  loueing  Wife 
Hath  Left  this  World  ;  her  Followers  wee  must  bee 
Shee  is  gon  ;  Shee  is  gon  to  her  Eternall  Rest 
Learn  to  Submit ;  God  knows  what  is  the  best 
In  her  Ring  Let  loue  abide  till  Death  Deuide 

(1689  in  Nouem1*) 

Loue  did  abide  and  Death  Did  Deuide 

(1704  in  July) 

Wnoe  So  Eer  thou  art  with  Loueing  Hart 
Stand  Read  &  thinke  on  me  for  as  1  was  Soe 
Now  thou  art  &  as  I  am  Soe  Shalt  thou  bee 

My  brother  William  Percy  died  the  5  $  day  of 
June  1705  on  bord  the  John  &  Elizabeth  in  the 
Latitude  of  Cape  finister." 

The  allusion  to  the  motto  in  her  wedding  or 
betrothal  ring  is  unusual  and  pathetic. 

There  are  at  the  end  of  the  volume  notes 
of  the  births  of  Richard,  Hugh.  Mary,  Easset, 


and  William  Percy,  children  of  Richard  anc? 
Tamzine  (Thomasine  ?)  Percy. 

I  shall  be  greatly  obliged  to  any  corre- 
spondent who  can  identify  the  Hugh  Percy 
(doubtless  the  husband  of  Mary,  born  1645),. 
the  writer  of  this  curious  volume. 

J.  ELIOT  HODGKIN. 

LONDON  BRIDGE  THEATRE.  —  I  should  be- 
much  obliged  by  any  information  as  to  the- 
London  Bridge  Theatre,  which  was  in  Tooley 
Street.  I  have  two  views  of  it,  exterior  and 
interior,  and  should  like  to  acquire  any  play- 
bills or  cuttings  relative  to  it ;  also  to  ascer- 
tain date  of  its  opening  and  closing. 

C.  VAN  NOORDEN. 

5,  Essex  Court,  Temple,  B.C. 

BESANT.— I  am  told  that  Sir  Walter  Besant 
and  Mrs.  Annie  Besant  accented  the  family 
name,  one  on  the  first  and  one  on  the  second 
syllable.  I  should  like  to  know  which 
accent  was  used  by  which  owner,  and  whe- 
ther in  either  case  the  s  was  given  the  z 
sound.  D.  M. 

Union  League,  Philadelphia. 

[Sir  Walter  called  himself  Besant,  riming  with 
pleasant. J 

WARREN  HASTINGS  AND  SIR  CHARLES- 
MALET. — I  should  be  glad  to  verify  a  tradition 
in  our  family  to  the  effect  that  at  the  trial  of 
Warren  Hastings,  and  after  Sir  Charles  Malet 
had  given  his  evidence,  Warren  Hastings 
replied,  "Sir  Charles,  you  are  the  soul  of 
honour."  HAROLD  MALET,  Colonel. 

REV.  THOMAS  NEWMAN.— Who  was  Thomas- 
Newman,  a  minister  who,  with  many  others, 
had  his  passage  paid  out  to  the  Plantations- 
by  the  Privy  Purse,  1721-5  ?  E.  E.  COPE. 

DAVID  MORGAN,  JACOBITE  —I  am  anxious 
to  trace  the  descendants  of  David  Morgan, 
of  Monmouthshire,  executed  for  high  treason, 
in  1746.  His  will  names  only  a  daughter, 
Mary  Morgan.  Is  anything  known  of  her 
subsequent  history  1  GEORGE  RICKWORD. 

"BROACH"  OR  "BROOCH." — 

Pull  off,  pull  off  the  broach  of  gold. 
This  line,  so  spelt,  occurs  in  '  Lady  Clare '  at 
p.  230  of  the  new  "  Florin  Edition  "  of  '  Poems- 
by  Tennyson '  issued  by  the  Oxford  Uni- 
versity Press.  Nobody,  of  course,  could  be 
audacious  enough  to  suggest  the  possibility 
of  a  printer's  error  in  such  a  publication, 
and  so  we  are  driven  to  inquire  whether  we 
shall  be  expected  in  future  to  spell  the  word 
"  broach"  in  this  way,  whatever  its  meaning. 
Unfortunately  the  word  does  not  occur  in 
the  short  list  of  'Alternative  or  Difficult 
Spellings '  in  Mr.  Hart's  fascinating  Rules 


s.  in.  JAN.  14,  loos.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


29 


for  Compositors';  but  in  the  'N.E.D.'  we 
are  informed  that  "broach1'  arid  "brooch" 
are  the  same  word,  both  having  reference 
to  the  spit  or  pin  which  forms  part  of  the 
article,  "  the  differentiation  of  spelling  being 
only  recent  and  hardly  yet  established.' 
Yet  the  former  spelling  indicates  "  a  tapering 
instrument,"  "a  spit,"  &c.,  and  the  latter  is 
said  to  be  "  now  used  mainly  as  a  (female^ 
ornament."  The  examples  cited  of  the  latter 
use  go  back  as  far  as  Chaucer,  and  in  them 
the  word  is  uniformly  spelt  without  an  a. 
How  long  a  period  is  considered  necessary 
by  philologists  before  a  spelling  can  be  said 
to  have  become  established  1 

ALAN  STEWART. 
7,  New  .Square,  Lincoln's  Inn. 

"  WALKYN  SILVER."— Can  any  reader  of 
'  N.  &  Q.'  inform  me  what  was  the  nature 
of  this  payment,  formerly  exacted  from  some 
estates  in  Westmorland  1 

JOSEPH  A.  MARTINDALE. 

Staveley,  Kendal. 

"  WAPITI  " :  ITS  PRONUNCIATION.— All  dic- 
tionaries spell  the  name  of  this  animal  in  the 
same  way,  and  mark  it  as  stressed  upon  the 
first  syllable  (wapiti).  I  was  therefore  sur- 

grised  to  find  that  Paul  Fountain,  in  his  new 
ook  on  '  The  Great  North- West'  (1904),  not 
only  always  spells  it  wipiti,  but  in  his  glos- 
sary, p  349,  accents  it  upon  the  second 
syllable  (tmpiti).  Is  this  an  error  of  the 
press  ?  Or  can  any  reader  confirm  this  pro- 
nunciation, from  personal  knowledge  of  how 
the  term  is  sounded  in  Canada  1 

JAMES  PLATT,  Jun. 

PEMBROKE  COLLEGE,  CAMBRIDGE. — Once, 
when  I  was  staying  at  my  old  college,  the 
late  Master  (Dr.  Searle)  showed  me  a  beau- 
tifully executed  MS.  history  of  the  college, 
written  by  his  predecessor  (Dr.  Gilbert 
Ainslie).  Has  this  ever  been  printed  ?  I 
have  considerable  collections  for  the  college 
history,  and  have  been  disappointed  that  no 
book  on  it  has  been  printed  by  Messrs.  F.  E 
Robinson  &  Co.  in  their  "  College  Histories  " 
series.  T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 

Lancaster. 

SIR  THOMAS  CORNWALLIS. — According  to 
Brydges's  '  Collins' s  Peerage,'  vol.  ii.  p.  546, 
this  knight's  tomb  in  Brome  Church,  Suffolk, 
bears  the  inscription  : — 

"Here  lies  Sir  Thomas  Cornwallis,  son  of  Sir 
John,  who  was  of  Queen  Mary  princely  Councell, 
and  Treasurer  of  Gales,  and  after  Controller  of  her 
Majesties  household,  in  especiall  grace  and  trust  of 
his  mistress  at  his  untimely  death.1' 

As  he  died  (probably  in  the  eighty-sixth  year 


of  his  age)  in  1604,  one  does  not  quite  see 
how  his  death  could  be  called  untimely. 
Should  "her"  be  read  for  "his"  in  the  last 
line? 

Among  the  MSS.  belonging  to  Lord  Bray- 
brooke  at  Audley  End  mentioned  'Eighth 
Rep.  Hist.  MSS.  Comrn.,'  p.  277,  is  the  char- 
tulary  and  register  of  Sir  Thos.  Cornwallis, 
and  the  third  document  therein  transcribed 
is  said  to  be — 

"  3  &  4  Philip  &  Mary — Letters  Patent  of  the 
guardianship  of  the  heir  of  Sir  Thomas  Cornwall-it* 
Qtalics  mine]  to  John  Bowall  [i.e.  BoxallJ,  I).])., 
William  Cordell,  Esq.,  their  Majesties'  Solicitor- 
General,  and  John  Suliarde,  Esq"." 
Can  any  one  explain  how  there  came  to  be 
an  heir  of  Sir  Thomas  Cornwallis  at  that  date, 
the  guardianship  of  whom  was  vested  in  the 
Crown?  During  the  whole  of  the  above 
regnal  year,  i.e.  from  25  July,  1556,  to  5  July, 
1557  (except  between  the  9th  of  August  and 
the  1st  of  September,  1556),  Sir  Thomas  was 
at  Calais,  where  he  was  Treasurer. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGIIT. 

"BLOOD-FUNKERS." — Was  this  a  common 
term  of  abuse  as  blood-letting  fell  out  of 
fashion  ?  M  EDICU  LU.S. 

"  CAVEAC  "  TAVERN.  —  I  should  be  much 
obliged  if  any  of  your  readers  could  give  me 
any  information  about  an  old  London  tavern 
known  as  the  "  Caveac"  Tavern,  formerly  in 
Spread  Eagle  Court,  Finch  Lane,  E.G.  It  i.s 
supposed  to  have  been  erected  about  1700, 
and  pulled  down  about  1800,  "  Caveac  "  being 
the  corruption  of  the  name  Cahuac,  a  French- 
man, the  first  proprietor.  J.  P.  SIMPSON. 

ABBOTSLEY,  ST.  NEOTS,  HUNT*.— I  should 
be  very  glad  if  any  one  could  send  me  a  list 
of  the  incumbents  of  Abbotsley  from  the 
earliest  times  up  to  the  present,  or  could 
tell  me  where  the  information  is  to  be  found. 

CHR.  WATSON. 

264,  AYorple  Road,  Wimbledon. 

"HEART  OF  MY  HEART." -- Will    any    one 
kindly  indicate  where  I  can  find  the  poem 
from  which  the  following  is  an  extract  ?  — 
Heart  of  my  heart,  she  has  broken  the  heart  of  me  : 
Soul  of  my  soul,  she  will  never  be  part  of  me — 
She  whom  I  love,  but  will  never  be  love  of  me  ; 
Song  of  my  sorrows, 

My  lady  of  moods. 

ENQUIRER. 

POLICE  UNIFORMS:  OMNIBUSES. — When  was 
the  present  London  police  uniform  adopted  ? 
and  when  did  the  existing  form  of  omnibus 
;ome  into  use?  Each  of  these  questions  I 
iave  heard  so  frequently  discussed,  and  with 
mch  extravagant  vagueness  of  date,  that  ifc 


30 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io»  s.  HI.  JA*.  w, 


is  possible  that  '  N.  &  Q.'  may  come  to  the 
rescue  and  fix  the  point  for  ever.  At  a  guess, 
I  should  say  that  the  old  top  hat  and  cut- 
away coat  (with  "ducks"  in  summer)  lasted 
up  to  1864  or  1865,  when  the  present  uniform 
came  in. 

The  transformation  of  the  "'bus "is  more 
difficult  to  determine.  Again,  one  might 
hazard  a  "shot"  that  it  began  not  much 
before  1887,  or  even  later.  Whether  the  aboli- 
tion of  the  door  and  the  introduction  of  the 
staircase  were  simultaneous  it  would  be  hard 
to  say.  Certainly  some  omnibuses  were 
spoken  of,  by  way  of  distinction,  as  "stair- 
case "  omnibuses  as  late  as  1889  and  1890 ;  and 
even  then  the  knifeboard  prevailed.  The 
"garden  seats,"  as  a  universal  practice,  are 
not  much  more  than  a  decade  old. 

I  have  heard  elderly  people  declare  that 
they  "  cannot  remember  "  such  a  thing  as  an 
omnibus  with  a  door.  PHILIP  NORTH. 

POLAR  INHABITANTS.  —  In  the  'Maxims, 
Characters,  and  Reflections'  of  Fulke  Gre- 
ville,  published  without  the  author's  name 
in  1756  (p.  27),  we  are  told  that  "the  two 
polar  regions  of  the  globe  are  fabled  to  be 
inhabited,  one  by  giants,  the  other  by  pigmies, 
and  both  are  most  uncomfortable  climates." 
From  what  source  did  Greville  derive  this 
piece  of  folk-lore  ?  K.  P.  D.  E. 

_  SPANISH  ARMS.— Can  your  readers  kindly 
give  me  the  bearers  of  the  following  arms, 
blazoned  on  some  fine  Hispano  -  Mauresque 
majolica,  dating  circa  1500  ? 

1.  Sable,   three  Catherine  wheels  or,  on  a 
chief  azure  three  fleurs-de-lis  of  the  second. 

2.  Arg..  an  eagle  displayed  azure. 

3.  Party  per  pale,  dexter  as  in  No.  2 ;  sinister, 
Az.,  a  bend  or.  H.  2. 

TRIPLICATE  WRITING.— I  want  to  hear  of 
the  best  kind  of  manuscript  book  for  writing 
in  in  triplicate  — all  three  copies  to  be  on 
fairly  stout,  and  not  flimsy,  paper,  and  the 
writing  clear  and  permanent.  Carbon  sheets 
are,  I  suppose,  essential.  Can  any  one  re- 
commend such  a  book  1 

GEORGE  F.  T.  SHERWOOD. 
50,  Beecrofb  Road,  Brockley,  S.E. 

HOLYROOD  FONT  —This  font  was  removed 
from  Holy  rood  by  Sir  R.  Lee  in  1544.  After 
defacing  it  with  an  inscription  he  presented 
it  to  St.  Alban's  Abbey.  It  appears  to  have 
been  taken  from  the  abbey  during  the  Civil 
War.  I  shall  be  glad  to  know  whether  any 
description  of  the  font  exists,  and  if  it  was 
destroyed  on  being  removed  from  the  abbey 

Q.  W.  V. 


SIR  WALTER  L'ESPEC. 
(10th  S.  ii.  287,  513.) 

IT  is  rather  odd  to  see  the  great  and  munifi- 
cent Baron  of  Helrnslac  in  Yorkshire  styled 
"Sir  Walter."  It  is  little  wonder  that 
families  of  his  name  desired  to  trace  some 
relationship,  but  descendants  they  could  not 
be,  as  his  sisters  Hawise,  Albreda,  and 
Odeline  were  his  heirs.  He  himself  was  the 
heir,  probably  son,  of  "  Willelm  Spech,"  who 
held  in  1086  (Dora.  Bk.  i.  214b  and  215) 
Wardon  and  other  manors  in  Bedfordshire 
in  cajnte,  for  these  descended  to  him. 

In  Devonshire  in  1166  we  find  Richard 
"  Espec "  holding  three  knights'  fees  of 
Robert  FitzRoy,  and  (Richard  "  Spec  ")  one 
of  the  Honor  of  William  de  Traci  ('  Liber 
Niger,'  120,  121).  This  Richard  de  "  Espech," 
as  husband  of  (Margaret?)  the  daughter  and 
heiress  of  William  de  " Treiminettes "  ("de 
tribus  Minutis"),  of  "  Branford,"  confirmed  to 
the  church  of  St.  Nicholas  at  Exeter  and 
the  monks  of  Battle,  there  serving  God,  the 
advowson  of  St.  Peter  at  Branforf,  given 
them  by  Walter  de  Tribus  Minutis  and 
William  his  son,  whose  daughter  "I  married" 
("duxi  uxorem").  Robert  "Espac"oneof  the 
witnesses.  This  grant  was  further  confirmed, 
first  by  Robert  "de  Espech,"  as  son  (and 
heir)  of  Richard  "Espec,"  and  witnessed  by 
Master  Alard,  then  Sheriff  of  Devon  ;  and 
afterwards  by  William  "  Espech,"  as  son  of 
Richard  and  brother  (and  heir)  of  Robert 
"  Espac."  This  priory  at  Exeter  was  a  cell  of 
Battle  Abbey  (Coll.  Top  et  Gen.,  i.  62,  382). 

This  is  how  the  family  of  Speke  became 
possessed  of  Brampford-Speke,  so  called  after 
them  to  this  day.  I  do  not  see  how  "  L'Espec  " 
could  ever  have  meant  "Spicer."  Norman 
|  surnames  were  derived  from  a  great  variety 
j  of  sources  ;  even  opprobrious  nicknames  were 
handed  down,  and  the  names  of  animals  and 
birds  were  used.  Anyhow,  the  only  example 
of  a  similar  word  given  in  Du  Fresne's 
edition  of  Du  Cange's  '  Glossary  '  is  "  Espec, 
nunc  Pivert:  1'oiseau  a  plumage  jaune  et 
vert,"  identified  as  the  green  woodpecker. 

If  this  was  the  origin  of  the  surname  it 
would  make  it  more  probable  that  all  who 
bore  it  were  descended  from  one  so  nick- 
named, from  some  personal  peculiarity  that 
suggested  its  being  given  him,  perhaps  per- 
severance in  going  through  with  anything 
he  undertook,  returning  again  and  again  if 
foiled. 

"De  tribus  Minutis"  is  another  peculiar 
surname,  possibly  originally  given  to  one  for 


in.  JAN.  14, 1905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


31 


performing  some  remarkable  feat  in  that 
brief  space,  or  to  one  who  used  to  say,  as 
some  do  now,  "I  shall  only  be  two  or  three 
minutes,"  knowing  well  they  will  be  much 
longer.  There  may,  of  course,  be  a  more 
subtle  derivation  for  both  surnames,  but  I 
am  afraid  this  is  too  small  a  matter  to  ask 
PROF.  SKEAT  to  give  us  his  opinion  upon. 

A.  S.  ELLIS. 
Westminster. 

It  is  quite  certain  that  the  O.  French  espec 
has  nothing  to  do  with  spicer,  but  is  a  totally 
•different  word,  and  means  a  speight,  i.e.,  a 
woodpecker.  Godefroy's  'O.F.  Diet.'  gives 
espec,  especque,  espoit,  espois,  a  woodpecker, 
with  several  quotations.  A  very  clear  one  is 
from  an  old  glossary  :  "  Picus,  ung  pivert  ou 
especque."  Pivert  is  still  in  use.  The  O.F. 
espec  resulted  from  an  attempt  to  adopt  the 
Du.  and  G.  specht.  Cf.  Prov.  E.  wood-spack, 
wood  spite,  both  given  by  Swainson  (E.D.S.). 
Cotgrave  has  both  e'peiche  and  Jpiche,  "a 
speight,  the  red  -  tailed  woodpecker,  or 
highaw."  The  form  e'peiche  is  still  in  use ;  so 
says  Hatzfeld.  The  E.  form  is  speight,  which 
is  also  used  as  a  proper  name  There  was 
an  editor  of  Chaucer  who  spelt  it  Spegkt. 
WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 


SPELLING  REFORM  (10th  S.  ii.  305,  450).— It 
would  be  interesting  to  know  what  is  the 
ground  of  the  preference  which  MR.  RALPH 
THOATAS  feels  for  the  spelling  forego  rather 
than  forgo.  I  suppose  forebid,  foreget,  or 
foreswear  would  have  no  attraction  for  him, 
so  that  he  would  say  that  he  liked  forego 
best  because  he,  and  probably  a  majority  of 
his  contemporaries,  have  always  so  written 
it.  He  does  not  trouble  himself  about  which 
is  right.  Neither  do  I  :  that  is  to  say,  I  do 
not  desire  to  alter  a  spelling  in  accordance 
with  what  I  perceive  to  be  the  true  origin 
of  the  word.  But  if  I  find  that  there  are 
good  literary  authorities,  ancient  and  modern, 
for  a  certain  spelling  which  does  accord 
with  the  true  etymology,  I  like  to  side  with 
those  who  know  the  fact  rather  than  with 
those  who  do  not.  Now  the  for  words  are 
generally  akin  to  the  German  words  beginning 
with  ver,  and  the  fore  words  to  those  in 
German  beginning  with  vor.  If,  then,  I  find 
two  words/ore<70  and  forgo,  differently  built 
up,  and  entirely  differing  in  signification, 
though  differing  but  little  in  sound,  1  am  not 
surprised  that  they  should  have  been  con- 
founded, though  I  should  see  cause  for  regret 
if  the  blunder  should  be  perpetuated.  I  wrote 
some  of  this  to  a  friend  many  years  ago.  He 
answered,  "Ah  !  Shakspere  and  Milton  are 


good  enough  for  me,  and  as  they  spelt  so  I 
spell."  What  he  meant  was  that  as  their 
later  editors  spelt  so  he  spelt ;  and  I  have 
thought  it  might  interest  your  readers,  or 
some  of  them,  if  I  showed  how  Shakspere  and 
Milton  themselves  did  deal  with  those  verbs. 
I  have  not  Mil  ton  at  hand  nor  the  concordance ; 
but,  if  my  memory  serves  me,  he  had  four 
times  to  express  the  sense  "  do  without,"  and 
then  the  word  he  used  was  forgo.  Once  he 
expressed  going  before,  and  his  word  was,  as 
might  be  expected,  forego.  I  am  not  sure  of 
the  numbers,  but  I  am  quite  sure  of  the 
distinction. 

Nor  is  there  any  doubt  in  the  case  of 
Shakspere.  1  mean  Shakspere  himself,  not 
his  editors.  Eleven  times  they  use  the  word 
forego  or  its  belongings  :  in  eight  of  them 
they  mean  him  to  express  "do  without" ;  but 
the  poet  himself  spelt  them,  so  far  as  the 
First  Folio  teaches  us,  forgo.  In  two  cases — 
one  in  '  All 's  Well  that  Ends  Well,'  and  one 
in  'Othello' — he  means  "goes  before,"  and 
writes  "  fore-goer  "  and  "  fore-gone." 

There  is  one  more — an  interesting  one— in 
'All 's  Well  that  Ends  Well,'  Act  I.  sc.  iii. :  "By 
our  remembrances  of  days  foregone.''  So  write 
the  editors,  and  so — nearly — wrote  Shakspere 

" of  days  forgon."  It  may  be  that  he 

spelt  wrongly  in  the  opposite  way  from 
theirs  ;  but  bearing  in  mind  that  the  German 
absolute  equivalent  of  the  English  forgo  is 
vergehen,  and  that  that  means  "to  pass  away, 
to  elapse,"  it  would  seem  that  we  have  here 
another  meaning  for  the  legitimate  word 
forgo,  the  passage  meaning  "of  days  gone  by  " 
or  "of  vanished  days."  ALDENHAM. 

"  LICENCE"  AND  "  LICENSE  "  (10th  S.  ii.  484). 
—Like  every  one  else,  I  have  the  greatest 
respect  for  PROF.  SKEAT  as  an  authority  in 
the  etymology  of  our  language.  In  my 
note  at  10th  S.  ii.  451  I  should  not  have  said 
that  license,  practise,  and  prophesy  are  spelt 
with  ce  when  used  as  nouns  "  in  defiance  of 
all  rule."  It  was  a  mistake  due  to  a  partial 
alteration  of  my  sentence,  which  is  not 
worth  explaining.  I  had  PROF.  SKEAT'S 
dictionary  at  hand  when  I  was  writing. 
My  objection  was,  and  is,  to  the  two  spellings, 
the  arbitrary  double  forms  which  serve  no 
useful  purpose  and  are  a  real  trouble  in  the 
schoolroom.  PROF.  SKEAT  is  in  favour  of  ce 
in  all  these  words.  In  the  case  of  the  third 
word  I  read  in  his  dictionary  that  the 
distinction  between  the  sy  and  cy  forms  is 
"unoriginal,  arbitrary,  and  absurd."  Very 
well,  then  ;  cannot  we  get  rid  of  the  double 
form  altogether  1  There  is  no  good  reason 
why  in  these  matters  we  should  be  bound  by 


32 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,     [iv  s.  m.  JAX.  H, 


the  mere  custom  of  former  centuries ;  more 
especially  since  we  most  of  us  know  how 
erratic  and  haphazard  the  spelling  of  our 
ancestors  was.  In  his  dictionary  PROF. 
SKEAT  rightly  raises  his  voice  against 
ascendant  and  descendant ;  in  this  he  rebels 
against  former  usage  and  authority  ;  but  he 
falls  away  over  the  word  attendant,  because 
he  has  found  attendaunce  in  Chaucer ;  in  this 
he  becomes  again  a  slave  to  authority  and 
usage. 

I  appeal  to  PROF.  SKEAT  to  have  the 
courage  of  his  opinions,  and  to  head  the 

Sarty  of  reform  in  spelling.  He  will  probably 
nd  that  Oxford,  Cambridge,  the  Conference 
of  Head  Masters,  and  the  chief  London 
printers  will  support  him  in  bringing  about 
some  useful  changes,  which  other  authorities 
are  too  cautious  to  originate.  F.  P. 

GREAT  SEAL  IN  GUTTA-PERCHA  (10th  S.  ii. 
528). — The  Great  Seal  of  Ireland  at  the  pre- 
sent day  is  made  of  gutta-percha  of  a  green 
colour.  The  process  consists  of  softening 
two  discs  of  gutta-percha  in  hot  water  and 
impressing  the  matrices  on  the  discs.  To  use 
no  stronger  word,  the  very  name  "  gutta- 
percha  "  is  enough  to  condemn  such  a  material 
for  the  purpose ;  but  apart  from  considera- 
tions of  a  sentimental  nature,  the  use  of 
gutta-percha  is  to  be  deprecated,  for  when 
subjected  to  certain  changes  of  temperature, 
and  after  the  lapse  of  some  years,  it  seems 
to  lose  some  of  its  consistency  and  to  become 
fragile  and  gradually  decay.  The  seal  of 
Ulster's  office  used  to  be  made  in  gutta- 
percha,  but  I  have  substituted  for  it  pure 
vermilion  wax,  which  is  practically  everlast- 
ing, and,  even  if  not  encased  in  a  metal  box, 
is  safe  from  being  eaten  by  rats  or  mice, 
owing  to  the  red  lead  in  the  colouring. 

I  may  mention  that  the  Great  Seal  of 
England  is  made  of  a  very  brittle  yellow 
material,  mostly  composed  of  resin,  the  result 
being  that  it  is  very  easily  broken.  I  would 
suggest  to  the  Clerks  of  the  Crown  and 
Hanaper  that  they  should  return  to  the  ways 
of  our  forefathers,  and  use  pure  wax,  which 
can  be  obtained,  specially  prepared,  from 
Messrs.  Ready,  of  the  British  Museum. 

It  is  lamentable  to  contemplate  that  in  a 
hundred  years  or  so  there  will  hardly  be  a 
perfect  specimen  of  the  gutta-percha  Great 
Seal  of  Ireland,  or  the  resin  Great  Seal  of 
England,  in  existence. 

ARTHUR  VICARS,  Ulster. 

MERCURY  IN  TOM  QUAD  (10th  S.  ii.  467, 
531). — I  knew  Tom  Quad  in  the  early  thirties, 
when  a  current  story  explained  the  recent 
deposition  of  Mercury.  Coming  to  chapel 


one  morning,  men  beheld  the  eloquent  grand- 
son of  Atlas  arrayed  in  surplice,  doctor's 
hood,  scarf,  bands,  and  trencher  cap,  his 
black  face  peering  out  of  these  adornments 
unacademically.  A  frost  had  hardened  the 
water  in  the  basin,  giving  access  to  the  god 
during  the  night;  but  the  ice  had  been  care- 
fully broken,  so  that  no  one  could  approach 
him  in  the  morning  without  a  plunge  into- 
freezing  water  five  feet  deep.  King  Gaisford, 
in  his  rage  and  fury,  commanded  that  the 
image  should  be  removed,  and  I  seem  to- 
remember  it  lying  in  the  St.  Aldate's  yard  of 
which  Canon  Thompson  speaks.  When  Lord 
Derby  came  down  to  be  installed  as  Chan- 
cellor he  is  said  to  have  recalled  the  freak, 
and  to  have  confessed  himself  one  of  its 
perpetrators.  SENEX. 

QUEEN  ANNE'S  LAST  YEARS  (10th  S.  ii.  503). 
— The  book  is  : — 

"  Memoirs  of  the  four  last  years  of  the  reign  of 
Queen  Anne,  from  1710,  to  her  death.  In  which 
the  characters  of  the  most  eminent  persons  of  both 
parties  that  acted  under  that  Princess  are  impar- 
tially drawn :  and  the  history  of  those  important 
transactions  are  [sic]  set  in  a  clear  light.  To  which 
is  prefixed  a  succinct  view  of  the  continual  struggles 
of  parties,  from  the  Reformation  to  1710.  London, 
printed  for  T.  Cooper,  at  the  Globe  in  Paternoster 
Row,  1742." 

I  do  not  find  this  in  Halkett  and  Laing's 
'Dictionary,'  though  it  is  mentioned  in 
Watt,  but  without  information  as  to  the 
author.  An  earlier  work,  with  a  somewhat 
similar  but  still  longer  title,  and  dated  1729,. 
is  mentioned  by  both,  and  attributed  to 
"  Gibson." 

I  do  not  know  whether  the  1742  book  is- 
founded  on,  or  is  perhaps  merely  a  reissue 
of.  that  of  1729,  as  I  have  not  seen  the  latter. 
The  former  is  written  in  the  Whig  interest, 
but  is  of  no  value.  J.  F.  R. 

Godalming. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY  OF  CHRISTMAS  (10th  S.  ii. 
503).— May  I  add  to  W.  C.  B.'s  second  valuable 
list  the  following,  relating  to  what  must  ever 
be  a  subject  of  unabated  interest  ? — 

Thomas  K.  Hervey.  The  Book  of  Christinas  i 
descriptive  of  its  Customs,  Ceremonies,  Traditions, 
iSuperstitions,  Fun,  Feeling,  and  Festivities.  8vo, 
1836.  With  illustrations  by  R.  Seymour.  The 
Athenanim  gave  a  very  favourable  review  of  this 
work. 

William  Sandys,  F.S.A.  Christmas  Tide:  ita 
History,  Festivities,  &c. 

Christmas  in  N  aples.  The  L)uke  of  Andria  Carafa, 
in  The  Daily  Messenger  of  Paris,  Nov.  or  Dec.  (pro- 
bably the  latter),  1903. 

Santa  Claus  in  Italy.  The  Daily  Telegraph, 
20  Dec.,  1903. 

Christmas  in  France.  Coxe's  'Tour  through, 
France." 


in.  JA>-.  14,  loos.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


33 


Bygone  Christinas  Days.  Sir  Edwin  Arnold  in 
The  Daily  Telegraph,  26  Dec.,  1903. 

Household  Words,  Sept.  or  Aug.,  1896.  An  article 
on  fare  for  particular  seasons. 

Christmas  Eve  in  Bethlehem.  By  Ella  T.  Wheeler. 
The  Queen,  1899. 

Christmas  Customs.  In  The  Queen,  11  Jan.,  1868, 
quoted  from  The  Broad  tmy. 

Christmas  in  Mediseval  England.  By  G.  Holden 
Pike,  in  The  Queen,  22  Nov  ,  1903. 

Yule  and  Christmas:  a  Study  in  Germanic  Origins. 
A  paper  read  at  the  January,  1897,  meeting  of  the 
Glasgow  Archaeological  Society,  by  Dr.  Alexander 
Tillie.  See  The  Antiquary,  March,  1897. 

Brand  s  Popular  Antiquities.     Bohn,  1853,  vol.  i. 

Christmas  in  Mexico.  The  Globe  newspaper, 
23  Dec.,  1903. 

Yule-Tide  Celebrations.     The  Globe,  No.  810. 

Christmas  Carols  aud  Customs.  The  Queen, 
29  Dec.,  1S66. 

Christmas-Tree  Land.    The  Queen,  20  Dec.,  1902. 

Christmas  Cakes.     The  Globe,  27  Dec.,  1902. 

Gloucestershire  Wassailers'  Song.  The  Penny 
Post,  1  May,  1871. 

Games  for  Christmas  Parties.  Pearson's  Weekly, 
1  Jan.,  1898. 

Twelfth  Night :  its  Decay  as  a  Festival.  House- 
hold Words,  Nov.  or  Dec.,  1896 

Christmas  Cards  :  their  Origin  and  Manufacture. 
The  Windsor  Afaya~ine,  I  think,  of  the  year  1897. 
Also  a  note  by  Peter  Lombard  in  The  Church  Times, 
1  Jan.,  1892. 

Twelfth  Night  in  1810.     The  Globe,  8  Jan.,  1904. 

Christmas  Stories.  The  Globe,  26  Dec.,  1903; 
also  a  paragraph  of  the  same  date,  '  Mumping'  and 
'  Furmety.' 

J.  HOLDEN  MACM~ICHAEL. 

HERALDIC  (10th  S.  ii  408).— The  arms  im- 
paled, Sinister,  "a  chevron  between  two  fleurs- 
de-lis  in  chief  and  a  crab  in  base,"  belong  to 
the  Scottish  family  of  Crab  of  Robslaw. 

In  '  Burke's  Armory '  they  are  thus  given  : 
"  Az.,  a  chevron  arg  between  two  fleurs-de- 
lis  in  chief  and  a  crab  in  base  or."  Crest : 
"A  salmon  naiant." 

In  the  collection  of  seals  in  the  British 
Museum  there  are  two  impressions  of  these 
arms  :  the  one  is  said  to  belong  to  Paul  Crab 
(A.D.  1310),  bearing  the  words  s'  PAVLVS 
CRAB  ;  the  other  is  that  of  William  Crab, 
burgess  of  Aberdeen  (A.D.  1499),  which  has, 
besides  the  arms,  a  crest  on  a  helmet,  "a 
cherub's  head  in  profile,  between  two  wings 
erect";  supporters,  two  swans  rising;  and 
the  legend  '*  S  :  wilelmi  crab."  The  numbers 
of  these  two  seals  are  15,987  and  15,988. 

The  original  founders  of  many  towns  in 
Scotland  were  Flemish  settlers.  One  of  the 
most  famous  of  these  was  John  Crab,  who  is 
first  mentioned  in  the  siege  of  Berwick,  1319, 
where  stones  discharged  from  his  crane  shat- 
tered the  roof  of  the  English  "sow,"  and 
payments  occur  for  his  services  at  Berwick 
(1329-31).  When  Edward  Balliol  besieged 
Berwick,  1332,  he  conducted  ten  ships  from 


Berwick  to  the  Tay  and  captured  Henry  of 
Beaumont's  ship,  the  "Beaumonts  Cogge  "  ; 
but  his  vessels  were  burnt  in  the  engage- 
ment which  followed,  and  the  Treasury  paid 
35y£.  4s.  to  the  Flemings  who  owned  them. 
Shortly  afterwards  Crab  acquired  land  near 
Aberdeen,  and  became  burgess  and  custuraar 
of  that  town.  His  name  is  spelt  in  various- 
ways,  Crawe,  Crab,  Crabb,  Crabbe.  An  Adam 
Crab  was  Bailie  of  Aberdeen  between  1384 
and  1387 ;  and  a  Sir  John  Crab,  chaplain, 
was  a  custumar  of  St.  Andrews  between  1384 
and  1402.  I  think  the  arms  dexter  could  be 
traced  by  reference  to  Papworth  and  Morant's- 
'  Dictionary  of  Coats  of  Arms,'  which  I  have- 
not  to  hand. 

I  venture  to  call  attention  to  my  own 
heraldic  query,  under  the  name  Waterton 
(10th  S.  ii.  29),  of  which  I  have  at  present 
received  no  solution.  CHR.  WATSON. 

MR.  EADCLIFFE'S  description  of  the  arms 
on  his  tankard  conveys  no  indication  of 
tincture.  That  of  the  dexter  side  might 
apparently  be  the  coat  of  (1)  Kelland  of 
Painsford,  Devon  (Sable,  a  fess  argent,  in 
chief  three  fleurs-de-lis  of  the  last) ;  or  of 

(2)  Kempton,  of  Cambridge,  or  of  Hadley,  in 
Middlesex,  or  of  London  (Azure,  a  fess  or, 
in  chief  three  fleurs-de-lis  of  the  last) :  or  of 

(3)  "Sire  W.  Wolford,  a  Gascoigne"  (Sable, 
a  fess  or,  in  chief  three  fleurs-de-lis  of  the- 
last). 

That  of  the  sinister  side  may  be  the  coat  of 
(1)  Crabb  of  Castlewich,  in  Cornwall  (Azure, 
a  chevron  between  two  fleurs-de-lis  in  chief 
and  a  crab  in  base  or)  ;  or  of  (2)  Crab  of 
Robslaw,  in  Scotland  (Azure,  a  chevron 
argent  between  two  fleurs-de-lis  in  chief  and 
a  crab  in  base  or).  From  the  last- mentioned! 
coat  there  may  possibly  be  other  develop- 
ments in  which  the  charges  remain  unaltered 
while  the  tinctures  are  changed.  It  is  here- 
assumed  that  the  fess  in  the  one  case  and  th& 
chevron  in  the  other  are  not  differentiated 
by  variety  of  outline,  but  formed  by  simple- 
straight  lines.  H.  A.  W. 

CHILDREN  AT  EXECUTIONS  (10th  S.  ii.  34G> 
454,  516).— In  '  Nollekens  and  his  Times,'  by 
John  Thomas  Smith,  the  author,  amongst 
very  many  curious  and  interesting  remi- 
niscences, narrates  the  following  : — 

"  I  remember  well,  when  I  was  in  my  eighth 
year,  Mr.  Nollekens  calling  at  my  father's  house 
in  Great  Portland  Street,  and  taking  me  to  Oxford 
Road  to  see  the  notorious  Jack  Rann,  commonly 
called  '  Sixteen-string  Jack,'  go  to  Tyburn  to  be 
hanged  for  robbing  Dr.  William  Bell,  in  Gunners- 
bury  Lane,  of  his  watch  and  eighteenpence  in 
money  ;  for  which  he  received  sentence  of  death 
on  Tuesday,  the  26th  of  October,  1774.  The  criminal 


34 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io*  s.  HI.  JAN.  u, 


dressed  in  a  pea-green  coat,  with  an  immense 
nosegay  in  the  button- holes,  which  had  been  pre- 
>sented  to  him  at  St.  Sepulchre's  steps;  and  his 
nankin  small-clothes,  we  were  told,  were  tied  at 
•each  knee  with  sixteen  strings.  After  he  had 
passed,  and  Mr.  Nollekens  was  leading  me  home  by 
the  hand,  I  recollect  his  stooping  down  to  me,  and 
•observing,  in  a  low  tone  of  voice,  'Tom,  now,  my 
little  man,  if  my  father-in-law,  Mr.  Justice  Welch, 
-had  been  High-constable,  we  could  have  walked 
by  the  side  of  the  cart  all  the  way  to  Tyburn." 

-Such  were  the  barbarous  notions  then  in 
vogue  as  to  the  duty  of  "  teaching  the  young 
idea"  by  the  object  lesson  of  "shocking 
•  examples."  WALTER  B.  KINGSFORD. 

United  University  Club. 

Even  as  late  as  1869  there  were  a  few  old- 
fashioned  schoolmasters  who  still  permitted 
their  pupils  to  witness  executions,  from  the 
object-lesson  point  of  view.  I  was  a  small 
Tjoy  at  a  school  in  Norwich  during  that  year, 
and  I  vividly  remember  being  taken  by  the 
usher — we  called  assistant  masters  ushers 
then — to  see  the  last  public  execution  in 
Norwich.  The  criminal's  name  was  Hubbard 
Lingley,  and  I  think  he  murdered  his  uncle ; 
•but  I  have  never  heard  the  details  of  the 
crime.  The  whole  ghastly  scene  made  a  very 
profound  impression  on  me,  and  I  remember 
it  distinctly  to  this  day.  For  years  I  kept 
one  of  the  broadsides  purporting  to  contain 
"the  last  dying  speech,"  «fec.,  with  a  little 
•woodcut,  supposed  to  represent  the  actual 
execution,  at  the  head  of  it,  which  were 
hawked  about  amongst  the  crowd. 

FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 

ALGONQUIN  ELEMENT  IN  ENGLISH  (10th  S. 
ii.  422).— Would  MR.  PLATT  kindly  tell  us 
•whether  the  word  "  wpodchuck,"  in  its 
meaning  of  Picus  viridis,  is  the  same  as  that 
which  signifies  the  Virginian  marmot  (Arc- 
tomys  monax)'!  Further,  does  the  form 
woodchuck  render  the  sound  of  the  Algonquin 
word  exactly?  or  has  it  been  modelled  by 
the  influence  of  folk-etymology  ? 

G.  KRUEGER. 
Berlin. 

ENGLISH  BURIAL-GROUND  AT  LISBON  (10th 
•S.  ii.  448).— Some  years  ago  I  endeavoured  to 
obtain  through  'N.  &  Q?  information  con- 
cerning the  graves  of  Dr.  Dodd  ridge  and 
Henry  Fielding,  both  of  which  are  in  the 
English  Cemetery  at  Lisbon.  I  failed  to 
obtain  any  first-hand  particulars;  but  should 
MR.  MARSHAM-TOWNSHEND  like  to  refer  to 
what  was  said,  he  will  find  Doddridge  at 
7th  S.  viii.  8,  112,  177,  and  Fielding  at  8th  S. 
iv.  164,  314. 

I  very  much  wish  a  list  of  those  buried  in  the 
English  Cemetery  at  Lisbon  could  be  inserted 


in  'N.  &  Q.'  Many  distinguished  officers 
who  fell  in  the  Peninsular  War  lie  in  this 
sacred  enclosure,  as  well  as  the  two  notable 
men  above  mentioned.  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

The  inscriptions  at  the  Estrella  were  copied 
by  the  late  Rev.  C.  B.  Norcliffe,  of  Langton 
Hall,  Malton,  in  1876,  and  the  MS  is  doubtless 
still  at  Langton,  in  the  possession  of  his 
brother.  The  oldest  M.I.  he  copied  were 
those  of  Sir  Samuel  Wright,  21  January, 
1737-8;  Henry  Fielding  the  novelist,  and  Dr. 
Philip  Doddridge.  Mr.  Norcliffe  informed 
me  that  many  were  concealed  by  the  luxu- 
riant growth  of  the  prickly  pear.  Some  of 
the  residents  at  Lisbon  prior  to  the  earth- 
quake are  mentioned  in  the  notes  in  William 
Carew's  Prayer  Book,  printed  in  the  Mis- 
cellanea Genealogica,  vol.  iv.,  New  Series, 
pp.  321-3;  and  numerous  letters  which  tell 
the  history  of  the  factories  in  Portugal 
(Lisbon  and  Oporto)  are  in  the  English 
Foreign  Office.  G.  D.  LUMB. 

Some  years  since  some  records  with  refer- 
ence to  English  Roman  Catholics  buried  at 
Lisbon  were  obtained  from  the  English 
College.  It  would  bo  worth  while  inquiring 
whether  the  College  library  contains  any 
account  of  the  cemetery  in  the  last  century, 
as  it  very  likely  may  do. 

FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 

BLOOD  USED  IN  BUILDING  (10th  S.  ii  389, 
455). — MR  EDWARD  PEACOCK  is  in  error  when 
he  ranks  blood  with  "other  materials  equally 
useless "  for  imparting  strength  to  mortar. 
Standage's  '  Cements,  Pastes,'  «kc.  (Crosby 
Lockwood  &  Son,  1893),  includes  certain 
recipes  for  blood  cements  for  filling  joints 
between  brick  and  building  stones,  &c.,  bul- 
lock's blood,  slaked  lime,  ashes,  and  alum 
being  the  ingredients.  A  Chinese  blood 
cement,  said  to  be  in  general  use  for  making 
wooden  pasteboard  and  other  vessels  water- 
proof, is  composed  of  100  parts  of  slaked 
lime,  75  parts  of  bullock's  blood  well  beaten, 
and  2  parts  of  alum.  In  another  recipe  iron 
filings  and  cement  are  used  along  with  the 
blood  and  lime.  Milk,  cheese,  and  eggs 
(chiefly  the  white)  appear  in  others.  The 
albumen  in  the  blood,  white  of  eggs,  &c., 
appears  to  be  the  medium  of  value. 

LIONEL  CRESSWELL. 

Wood  Hall,  Calverley. 

That  this  practice  has  been  continued  into 
recent  times  is  certain,  for  when  I  spoke  to  a 
local  builder  on  the  subject  he  informed  me 
that  his  father,  some  years  ago,  made  a 
lime-ash  floor  in  a  cottage  situated  in  the 
adjoining  village  of  East  Budleigh,  and 


io">s.  in.  JAX.H,  1905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


35 


mixed  the  materials  with  a  quantity  of 
bullock's  blood  so  as  to  make  the  work  more 
solid  and  durable.  The  floor  yet  remains, 
and  in  good  order,  but  is  quite  white,  the 
lime  having  destroyed  the  red  colour  of  the 
blood.  As  pointed  out  by  MR.  E.  PEACOCK, 
the  red  colour  of  Roman  mortar  or  cement  is 
sometimes  due  to  iron  stain ;  but  it  is  more 
frequently  owing  to  an  entirely  different 
-cause.  Some  years  since,  when  making  a 
careful  examination  of  the  Roman  masonry 
of  the  Julian  Tower  at  Chester  Castle,  I 
noticed  that  red  bonding  mortar  had  been 
employed  ;  and  on  my  referring  the  matter  to 
the  late  C.  Roach  Smith,  the  well-known 
antiquary,  he  informed  me  that  it  was 
due  to  the  use  of  red  pounded  tile  with  the 
lime  of  the  mortar.  In  connexion  with  this 
subject,  the  following  remarks  on  a  portion 
of  the  Roman  wall  laid  bare  on  Tower  Hill, 
London,  during  some  excavations  in  the 
year  1852,  recorded  in  that  author's  '  Roman 
London'  (1859),  p.  16,  will  be  read  with 
interest : — 

"The  core  of  the  wall  is  composed  of  rubble 
cemented  together  with  concrete,  in  which  lime 
predominates,  as  is  usual  in  Roman  mortar. 
Founded  tile  is  also  used  in  the  mortar  which 
cements  the  facing.  This  gives  it  that  peculiar  red 
hue  which  led  Fitzstephen  to  imagine  the  cement 
of  the  foundations  of  the  Tower  to  have  been 
tempered  with  the  blood  of  beasts  (casmento  cum 
sanguine  animalium  temperato)." 

T.  N.  BRUSHFIELD,  M.D. 
Salterton,  Devon. 

Many  South  African  native  tribes — notably 
the  Zulus  and  others  of  the  Bantu  race— use 
bullock's  blood  to  polish  the  mud  floors  of 
their  huts,  which  gradually  assume  an  appear- 
ance something  like  black  marble.  The  coat- 
ing of  blood  is  frequently  renewed,  and  it 
combines  with  the  soil  in  producing  a  hard, 
firm,  and  solid  flooring.  I  have  also  seen 
bullock's  blood  used  for  the  same  purpose  in 
the  farmhouses  of  Boers  up-country. 

FRANK  SCHLOESSER. 

15,  Grosvenor  Road,  S-W. 

A  good  deal  is  given  about  this  practice  in 
7th  S.  vi.  265,  349;  vii.  13,  under  '  Kirk  Grims.' 
Let  me  add  these  further  notes  :— 

Adamnan,  '  S.  Columba,'  ed.  Fowler,  p.  137. 

'  Seven  Champions  of  Christendom,'  under  S. 
•George,  chap.  xvi. 

Southey's  '  Madoc,'  1853,  note  on  p.  294. 

Addy,  *  Hall  of  Waltheof,'  1893.  chap.  ix. 

Literature,  30  July,  1898,  p.  91. 

W.  C.  B. 

I  remember  in  my  schooldays  an  Indian 
missionary  who  bought  and  demolished  old 
idol  temples.  He  found  extreme  difficulty  in 
breaking  down  the  walls,  and  ascribed  this 


to  the  use  of  sugar  as  an  ingredient  of  the- 
mortar.  It  would  be  interesting  to  know 
whether  sugar  has  ever  been  subjected  to 
expert  building  tests  in  this  country,  and  if 
there  are  practical  possibilities  of  its  regular 
employment  as  a  constituent  of  mortar. 

FRANCIS  P.  MARCHANT. 
Streatham  Common. 

THREE  TAILORS  OF  TOOLEY  STREET  (10th  S. 
ii.  468).  —  A  propos  of  the  three  tailors  of 
Tooley  Street  beginning  their  address,  "We, 
the  people  of  England,"  a  district  councillor 
of  New  Maiden,  in  April,  1902,  having  just 
been  elected,  announced,  by  way  of  thanking 
the  electorate,  that  they  had  "  raised  him 
from  obscurity  to  a  niche  in  history." 

J.   HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

HIGH  PEAK  WORDS  (10th  S.  ii.  201,  282,  384, 
472).— It  will  be  interesting  to  MR.  ELWORTHY 
and  your  readers  to  know  that  vrin'rau*  is  a 
very  common  word  in  Dumfriesshire,  and  is 
used  to  describe  peats  set  up  to  dry  in  open 
form,  so  that  the  wind  can  pass  freely 
through.  It  is  also  applied  to  hay  raked 
into  loose  rows  to  dry.  GEO.  IRVING. 

BEN  JONSON  AND  BACON  (10th  S.  ii.  469).— 
There  is  no  intimation  whatever  in  my  copy 
of  'Ben  Jonson,'by  John  Addington  Symonds 
(Longmans,  Green  «fe  Co.,  1888).  of  Rare  Ben 
having  been  in  the  service  of  Bacon. 

KENRY  GERALD  HOPE. 

119,  Elms  Road,  Clapham,  S.W. 

BATTLEFIELD  SAYINGS  (10th  S.  i.  268,  375, 
437  ;  ii.  275).— An  English  book  called  '  La 
Compagnie  Irlandaise,'  by  Capt.  Kirwan, 
was  published  shortly  after  the  Franco- 
Prussian  War,  and  I  read  it  when  it  first 
appeared.  It  was  an  interesting  account  of 
the  adventures  of  the  Irish  Company  of  the 
Foreign  Legion  in  the  service  of  France. 
When  the  company  were  advancing  under 
fire  at  the  siege  of  Montbelliard,  a  very  tall 
Irishman  was  observed  to  duck  his  head 
every  time  a  shell  flew  over  the  ranks.  "  Pas 
de  gyinnastique  !"  cried  a  sergeant;  "hold 
up  your  head,  man."  ';  Faith,  I  will,  as  soon 
as  there 's  room  enough,"  said  the  soldier.  _ 

A  man  who  had  been  through  a  campaign 
told  me,  some  years  ago,  that  a  young 
soldier,  who  for  the  first  time  found  himself 
in  the  firing-line,  called  out  to  his  captain, 
when  the  enemy's  missiles  began  to  whizz 
past,  "Please,  sir,  they're  firing  real  bullets !;} 
JOHN  HOBSON  MATTHEWS, 

MonmouUi. 

I  have  been  told  of  a  colonel  who,  durin-g 
the  Peninsular  War,  addressed  his  regiment 


36 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io<"  s.  in.  JA*.  w 


before  going  into  action  in  these  words,  "  My 
men,  you  are  going  to  hold  the  worst  post 
there  is.  By  to-night  you  will  be  either  the 
most  distinguished  regiment  in  the  British 
army,  or  the  most  extinguished." 

General  Prim,  when  colonel  of  his  regiment 
in  the  Spanish  army  during  the  war  of 
Morocco,  is  said  to  have  flung  his  cap  into 
the  enemy's  trenches,  crying  out  to  his  men, 
"Follow  me!  O  caja  6  faja!"  ("Either  a 
coffin  or  a  general's  sash  ! ")  W.  L.  POOLE. 

Montevideo. 

GEORGE  WASHINGTON'S  ARMS  (10th  S.  ii. 
327,  417). — I  think  Dr.  Conway  is  mistaken 
in  saying  that  the  estate  (is  the  family 
meant  ?)  gave  name  to  the  village  of  Washing- 
ton, co.  Durham.  Is  not  it  more  likely  to  be 
the  other  away  about — that  the  village  gave 
name  to  the  family,  especially  taking  into 
account  the  prefix  "de,"  de  Wessington  or 
Washington?  K.  B— R. 

PARISH  DOCUMENTS  :  THEIR  PRESERVATION 
(10th  S.  ii.  267,  330,  414,  476,  512,  535).— In  the 
discussion  of  this  subject  at  these  refer- 
ences parish  registers  are  mixed  up  with 
parish  documents  (or  records),  which  it  would 
have  been  better  to  have  kept  apart. 

By  clause  17,  section  8,  of  the  Local  Govern- 
ment (England  and  Wales)  Act  of  5  March, 
1894,  church  registers  are  excluded  from 
parish  records  by  these  words  :  "  The  cus- 
tody of  the  Registers  of  Baptisms,  Marriages, 
and  Burials,  &c.,  shall  remain  as  providec 
by  the  existing  law  unaffected  by  this  Act.' 
That  being  the  case,  the  two  subjects  should 
be  dealt  with  separately. 

As  regards  parish  documents  (or  records) 
no  mention  has  yet  been  made  of  a  Bill  for 
the  Preservation  of  Public  and  Private  Loca 
Records.  This  Bill  (108)  was  presented  to 
the  House  of  Commons  by  Mr.  Bull  (Ham 
mersmith)  on  19  March,  1903,  and  was  reac 
the  first  time.  It  was  down  for  the  seconc 
reading  on  7  April,  1903,  but  Parliamen 
adjourned  on  8  April  for  the  Easter  holiday . 
and  (so  far  as  I  know)  nothing  further  wa 
done  with  this  Bill.  It  was  proposed  in  th 
Bill  to  be  cited  as  "  The  Local  Records  Act 
1903." 

The  Bill  presented  by  the  Marquis  of  Salis 
bury  in  the  House  of  Lords  on  12  August 
1904,  and  mentioned  by  MR.  PAGE  at  the  la; 
reference,  is  of  a  much  more  comprehensiv 


ne  for  the  Government  to  grapple  with,  if 
we   may  judge  from   their  consumption   of 
ime  over  it.    Five  years   have  been  spent 
bus  : — 

The  Committee  was  appointed  10  August, 
899. 

The  official  letter  from  the  Treasury  and 
wo  Schedules  of  Queries  to  England  and1 
Vales,  Scotland  and  Ireland,  30  November. 

Latest  date  of  a  reply  to  this  letter,. 
6  August,  1902. 

Report  of  the  Committee,  29  October. 

Bill  of  Mr.  Bull  presented,  read  a  first  time 
n  the  House  of  Commons,  19  March,  1903. 

Bill  of  the  Marquis  of  Salisbury,  presented1 
nd  read  a  first  time  in  the  House  of  Lords, 
2  August,  1904. 

It  would  be  an  inestimable  boon  if  the- 
authorities  of  all  the  remaining  City  parishes- 
vould  at  once  decide  upon  following  the 
most  excellent  example  of  their  City  brethren, 
and  send  all  their  "local  records"  to  th& 
jruiklhall  Library  as  soon  as  possible.  Of 
the  sixty-one  City  parishes  (within  the  Bills 
of  Mortality  of  former  times),  forty-three 
lave  sent  in  their  local  records,  leaving: 

ighteen  more  parishes  to  do  likewise. 

C.  MASON. 

29,  Emperor's  Gate,  S.W. 

ARMORIAL  VISITING  CARDS  (10th  S.  ii.  509). — 
Such  cards  are  still  used  in  Italy.  I  have 
before  me  now  the  card  of  one  of  the  com- 
mittee of  the  Exhibition  of  Sienese  Art  of 
last  autumn,  which  he  was  good  enough  to 
give  me  in  September.  It  bears  his  coat  of 
arms  and  coronet  in  the  left-hand  corner. 
WILLIAM  GEORGE  BLACK. 

Dowanhill  Gardens,  Glasgow. 

These  are  in  use  in  Portugal  at  the  present 
time.  E.  E.  STREET. 

"PuiL  ELIA"  (10th  S.  ii.  527).— As  most 
lovers  of  Charles  Lamb  are  aware,  the  so- 
called  preface  to  the  'Last  Essays  of  Elia,' 
signed  Phil  Elia,  was  one  of  Lamb's  own 
"lie  children."  This  was  a  form  of  mystifica- 
tion in  which  he  delighted.  The  '  Biographical 
Memoir  of  Mr.  Liston '  and  the  'Autobio- 
graphy of  Mr.  Munden'  are  other  well-known 
instances.  As  Procter  (Barry  Cornwall) 
states  in  his  edition  of  the  'Essays.'  the 
preface  was  evidently  intended  originally  as 
~  postscript  to  the  first  series  of  'Essays/ 


nature  than  Mr.  Bull's  Bill  of  1903;  but  in  my  Lamb  at  the  time  did  not  intend  to  furnish 

humble  opinion  the  definition  of  the  expres-  any    more    contributions     to     The    London 

sion  "Local  Records"  is  most  unsatisfactory  Magazine,  in   which  the  first  'Essays'  had 

and  perfunctory  (see  clause  6,  section  6,  on  appeared,  except  possibly  a  few  pieces  he 

p.  4  of  this  Bill).  may  have  had  in  hand,  and  was  only  pre- 

This  subject  appears  to  be  a  very  difficult  vailed  upon  to  continue  them  at  the  solicita^ 


io*s.  m.  JAN.  14, 1903.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


tion  of  the  publishers.  The  preface,  as 
originally  printed,  contained  several  intro- 
ductory paragraphs  afterwards  omitted,  and 
the  conclusion,  containing  the  humorous 
reference  to  the  "  ponderous  tomes  of  figures 
in  his  remarkably  neat  hand  (the  ledgers  of 
the  East  India  House),  which,  more  properly 
than  his  few  printed  tracts,  might  be  called 
his  'Works.'''  F.  A.  RUSSELL. 

4,  Nelgarde  Road,  Catford,  S.E. 

[MR.  J.  R.  NUTTALL  sends  a  cutting  from  The 
Manchester  Guardian  of  5  January  confirming  MR. 
R  UDELL'S  conclusion.] 

HEACHAM  PARISH  OFFICERS  (10th  S.  ii.  247, 
335,  371,  431). —Although  MR.  HOLCOMBE 
INGLEBY  appeals  specially  to  DR.  FORSHAW 
for  "chapter  and  verse"  respecting  my 
statement  that  it  is  the  duty  of  a  parish 
constable  to  communicate  personally  with 
the  coroner  and  empanel  a  jury  in  cases  of 
sudden  death  or  suicide,  perhaps  I  may  be 
allowed  to  say  a  word  or  two  as  well.  Since 
I  penned  my  note  I  have  been  looking  up 
information  concerning  the  duties  of  parish 
•constables ;  but  as  I  have  found  it  rather  a 
•difficult  task,  I  will  detail  my  experience. 
First  of  all  I  wrote  to  Eyre  ife  Spottiswoode, 
to  ask  if  anjr  Act  of  Parliament  was  in  their 
possession  containing  such  information.  The 
only  one  they  could  supply  me  with  was 
An  Act  to  render  unnecessary  the  General 
Appointment  of  Parish  Constables,  35  &  36 
Viet.,  chap.  92,  10  August,  1872.  From  this 
it  appears  that  after  24  March,  1873,  no 
parish  constable  would  be  appointed,  except 
where  the  Court  of  General  or  Quarter  Ses- 
sions deem  it  necessary.  Section  4  states  : — 

"  The  vestry  of  any  parish after  due  notice 

may  at  any  time  resolve  that  one  or  more  parish 
constables  shall  be  appointed  for  their  parish,  and 
in  such  resolution  may  fix  the  amount  of  salary  to 
be  paid  to  him  or  them,  which  salary  shall  be 
paid  out  of  the  poor  rate  of  the  said  parish,"  &c. 

On  the  establishment  of  parish  councils  in 
3894  this  power  of  the  vestry  passed  to 
them,  under  section  6,  subsec.  1  (</),  of 
the  Local  Government  Act,  56  &  57  Viet., 
chap.  73.  I  have  had  the  opportunity  of 
looking  through  the  "instructions"  in 
the  possession  of  our  local  parish  con- 
stable, but  they  simply  relate  to  his  duties 
with  respect  to  the  preservation  of  the 
•peace.  There  is  not  a  word  in  them  govern- 
ing his  action  in  case  of  a  sudden  death  or 
suicide.  Finding  no  information  here,  I  then 
applied  to  our  resident  police  constable.  He 
told  me  that  as  the  duty  of  communicating 
with  the  coroner  was  the  only  one  to  which 
any  appreciable  pay  was  attached,  the  parish 
•constable  generally  performed  it.  If  he,  for 


any  reason,  failed  to  do  it,  the  police  constable 
would  have  to  carry  it  out.  He  showed  me 
a  book  bearing  the  following  title: — 

^"Code  |  of   Rules   and    Regulations  |  for   the  | 
Northamptonshire  Constabulary  |  approved  by  |  the 
Court  of  Quarter  Sessions  |  April,  1881 ;  |  Issued  by 

|  the  Chief  Constable  1  October,  1881.  |  Northamp- 
ton |  Stanton  &  Sons,  Printers,  Abington  Street.'' 

From  it  I  copied  the  following  paragraphs. 
Sec.  56,  p.  12  : — 

"  It  is  the  duty  of  the  Constabulary  on  hearing 
of  any  case  of  sudden  death  to  enquire  mto  the 
circumstances  and  inform  the  Coroner,  provided 
the  Parish  Constable  does  not  do  so,"  &c. 

Sec.  336,  p.  89  :— 

"  It  is  the  duty  of  the  Constabulary  on  hearing 
of  any  cases  of  sudden  death  to  enquire  into  the 
circumstances  immediately.  Previous  to  the  Con- 
stable going  for  the  Coroner,  he  should  ascertain 
whether  or  not  the  Parish  Constable  (if  one  is  resi- 
dent) has  sent  for  him  ;  if  he  has  not  done  so,  or 
does  not  state  his  intention  of  doing  so,  then  it 
would  be  the  duty  of  the  Police  Constable  to  inform 
the  Coroner  without  delay,"  &c. 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 
West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

•  HARDYKNUTE  '  (10th  S.  ii.  425,  536).— In  his 
disquisition  MR.  A.  C.  JONAS  ignores  two  of 
the  points  raised  at  the  first  reference,  and 
in  a  somewhat  hasty  and  inconclusive  fashion 
grapples  with  the  third.  "I  am  not  aware," 
he  observes,  "  that  all  along  there  have  been 
advocates  for  the  authorship  of  Sir  John 
Bruce  of  Kinross."  It  might  have  been 
expected  that,  in  the  circumstances,  he  would 
have  endeavoured  to  supplement  the  im- 
perfect knowledge  thus  admitted,  but  this 
he  does  not  appear  to  have  done.  He  refers 
to  Percy's  "threshing"  of  Lady  Wardlaw's 
claim,  and  leaves  his  readers  to  infer  that 
the  result  established  the  lady  as  the  author 
of  the  ballad  given  by  Ramsay.  If  he  will 
look  a  little  more  closely  into  the  matter, 
he  will  find  that  Percy  writes  : — 

"  Hence  it  appears  that  Sir  John  [Bruce]  was  the 
author  of  *  Hardyknute,'  but  afterwards  used  Mrs. 
Wardlaw  to  be  the  midwife  of  his  poetry,  and  sup- 
pressed the  story  of  the  vault ;  as  is  well  observed 
by  the  editor  of  the  'Tragic  Ballads,'  and  of  Mait- 
land's  '  Scot.  Poets,'  vol.  i.  p.  cxxvii." 

Percy  and  the  authorities  he  cites  may  be 
all  wrong,  but  that  is  not  to  the  immediate 
purpose,  which  is  the  attribution  of  the  poem 
to  Bruce.  In  the  contents  of  the  '  Reliques,' 
vol.  ii.,  this  descriptive  entry  speaks  for 
itself  :  "  Hardyknute.  A  Scottish  Fragment. 
By  Sir  J.  Bruce."  THOMAS  BAYNE. 

"SARUM"  (10Ul  S.  ii.  445,  496).— I  fear  MR. 
HAMILTON  has  not  noticed  the  second  word 
in  the  second  line  of  my  note,  which  is  its 
"  point."  I  took  it  for  granted  that  most 


38 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  in.  JA*.  u,  1905. 


people  ought  by  this  time  to  be  aware  that 
»S'ar'  stands,  not  for  Sarum,  but  for  Sarisbirie, 
Sarisbiriensis,  or  the  like  ;  and  I  was  anxious 
to  find  earlier  positive  evidence  of  the  "de- 
lusion." Q-  V. 

*'  THE  "  AS  PART  or  TITLE  (10th  S.  ii.  524). 
— If  it  be  true,  as  COL.  PEIDEAUX  contends, 
that  the  definite  article  "the"  forms  an  in- 
tegral part  of  the  title  of  a  newspaper,  such 
as  The  Times,  the  common  phrase  "this 
morning's  Times"  must  be  incorrect,  and  we 
should  say  "this  morning's  The  Times.11  If 
COL.  PEIDEAUX  uses  the  former  expression, 
how  does  he  justify  it?  H.  A.  HARBEN. 

'AssisA  DE  TOLLONEIS,'  &c.  (10th  S.  ii.  387, 
451).— I  am  greatly  indebted  to  J.  B.  P.  for 
the  trouble  he  has  taken  and  for  his  reply, 
which  (as  he  himself  suggests)  does  not  get 
me  much  "forrader."  The  list  of  councils, 
&c.,  does  not  mention  one  of  either  David  at 
Newcastle  ;  so  I  have  no  evidence  even  of  the 
original  date  of  the  'Assisa  de  Tolloneis.' 
Dr.  Macray  suggested  to  me  that  possibly 
the  "&c."  after  millesimo  was  put  down  by 
the  copyist  for  the  press  because  he  could 
not  read  the  rest  of  the  date  !  Less  greatly 
daring,  I  suggest  that  he  read  a  date  which 
did  not  coincide  with  the  reign  of  David  I., 
arid  which  was,  in  fact,  the  date  of  some 
subsequent  revision  of  the  law  in  question. 
But  I  shall  be  glad  of  any  further  light. 

ROBERT  J.  WHITWELL. 

Oxford. 

SIR  WILLIAM  CALYERT  (10th  S.  ii.  528).— 
Sir  William  Cal  vert 'died  at  Mount  Maskall, 
Kent,  on  3  May,  1761.  He  was  the  eldest 
son  of  William  Calvert,  of  Furneaux  Pelham, 
Herts,  a  brewer,  Alderman  of  Portsoken  1741 
until  his  death.  Sheriff  in  1743,  Lord  Mayor 
in  1748  ;  member  of  Parliament  for  the  City 
of  London,  and  subsequently  for  Old  Sarum, 
Wilts ;  colonel  of  the  Red  Regiment  of  Militia; 
and  received  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D. 
from  the  University  of  Cambridge  during 
his  mayoralty.  EDWARD  M.  BORRAJO. 

The  Library,  Guildhall,  E.G. 

Sir  William  Calvert  was  born  about  1704, 
knighted  at  St.  James's  Palace  18  February, 
1744,  and  buried  11  May,  1761,  cet.  fifty-seven. 

C.  MASON. 

29,  Emperor's  Gate,  S.W. 

[Reply  from  MR.  E.  H.  COLEMAX  will  appear 
next  week.] 

MODERN  ITALIAN  ARTISTS  (10th  S.  ii.  468). 
— Daniele  Bucciarelli,  Professor  of  Drawing 
at  the  Communal  School  at  Modena,  is  also  a 
painter,  and  resides  at  No.  88,  Via  Yalegtro 
in  that  city. 


Federico  Cessi  is  engaged  at  the  Regia 
Scuola,  Modena. 

Vicenzo  Marchio  is,  I  believe,  dead  some 
years  ago. 

Further  information  may  be  obtained  from- 
Cav.  d' Atri,  modern  picture  dealer,  Via  Con- 
dotti,  Rome.  JOHN  HEBB. 

AGNOSTIC  POETS  (10th  S.  ii.  528).— I  should 
think  that  DR.  KRUEGER  will  be  likely  to  get 
what  he  wants  if  he  writes  to  The  Agnostic 
Journal,  Farringdon  Road,  London. 

RALPH  THOMAS. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

A  -Veu'  English  Dictionary  on  Historical  Principles* 
By  Dr.  James  A.  H.  Murray. — Pargeter—Pen- 
nacked.  (Vol.  VII.)  (Oxford,  Clarendon  Press.) 
A  SENSIBLE  advance  towards  the  completion  of  Dr. 
Murray's  great  task  is  made  by  the  issue  with  the 
new  year  of  a  triple  part  of  vol.  vii.,  containing  a 
large  instalment  of  the  letter  P.  It  occupies  168. 
pages,  and  supplies  a  total  of  4,720  words  illustrated 
by  18,039  quotations.  Against  these  figures  Funk's 
'  Standard '  can  oppose  2,388  words  and  348  quo- 
tations. Of  this  important  contribution  to  the 
alphabet  two  main  words  only,  parrock  (whence 
park)=&  fence  or  hurdles  with  which  a  space  is 
enclosed,  a  paddock,  and  path,  belong  to  Old 
English,  though,  as  we  are  told,  a  few  others,  such 
as  parsley,  part,  pear,  pease,  and  pea  (in  peacock); 
had  been  introduced  from  Latin  before  or  during: 
Anglo-Saxon  times.  The  remaining  words  appear 
first  in  Middle  English  or  the  modern  period.  Few 
words  are  from  the  Greek,  such  as  are  given  being,, 
with  the  exception  of  patriarch,  patriot,  and  their 
derivatives,  scientific  formations  from  patho.  Words 
from  Spanish,  Italian,  Dutch,  and  Low  German 
are  also  few,  and  there  are  none  of  old  Norse 
derivation.  Turkish  contributes  pasha,  Tamil 
pariah  and  patchmdi,  Chinese  Pekoe,  and  the 
Algonquin  group  pemmican.  Pass  as  a  verb  occu- 
pies sixteen  columns,  its  senses,  uses,  and  con- 
structions branching  out  into  140  sense-groups. 
Other  considerable  articles  are  those  on  part,  par- 
ticular, party,  pay,  peace,  pen,  and  pencil.  Attention 
is  drawn  to  the  fact  that  jjas.«,  in  the  phrase  "to- 
come  to  pass,"  is  "  apparently  not  a  verb  infinitive, 
but  a  noun  meaning  'event,'  'issue,'  or  'fulfil- 
ment.' " 

Pariah  first  appears  in  Purchas's  'Pilgrimage' 
(1613)  under  the  form  of  Pareas,  who  are  naively 
said  to  be  "worse  than  the  Diuell."  Curious  infor- 
mation is  found  under  Parian.  Pari  passu  is 
accepted  into  the  language,  as  it  is  in  the  '  Stanford 
Dictionary.'  The  derivation  of  the  name  Paris 
Garden  from  Robert  de  Paris,  who  had  a  house 
there  in  the  time  of  Richard  II.,  is  quoted  from 
Blount's  '  Glossographia '  without  comment.  It  is 
impossible  to  condense  within  reasonable  space  the 
amount  of  information  supplied  concerning  parish, 
which  first  appears  in  Norman  French  sajtaroche 
(hence  parochial).  Parish  clerk  is  met  with  in 
1386,  parish  councils  in  1772.  Under  park  we  find 
Sa  parke*  gate  in  1260.  We  fail  to  trace  Shake- 


io*  s.  m.  JA>-.  n,  loos.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


39 


speare's  "I'll  be  a  park,  and  thou  shalt  be  my 
deer."  The  origin  of  parkin,  a  Yorkshire  luxury, 
is  unknown.  It  is  probably,  as  is  conjectured,  from 
the  name  Perkin,  with  er  sounded  as  ar,  as  is  con- 
stantly the  case.  Under  park,  parley,  and  other 
•words  of  cognate  derivation  is  much  of  interest.  These 
lead  naturally  to  parliament,  the  discussion  of  which 
supplies  one  of  the  most  interesting  essays  in  the 
work.  The  amount  of  historical  information  fur- 
nished under  this  head  is  not  easily  indicated.  It  is 
satisfactory  to  find  an  account  of  the  French  parle- 
ment,  often  misused  by  English  writers.  Parlia- 
mentarian is  used  so  early  as  1613.  Parlour  has 
also  an  interesting  history.  Parlous  is,  of  course, 
a  syncopated  form  of  perilous.  Under  Parnassian 
Mr.  Gosse  is  given  as  authority  for  the  use  of  a 
term  applied  to  poets  of  the  nineteenth  century 
belonging  to  the  Parnasse  Moderne.  That  name,  it 
might  be  indicated,  is  taken  from  the  '  Parnasse 
iSatyrique'  of  the  seventeenth  century.  Parole  has 
more  significations  than  are  generally  known. 
Paroxysm,  in  the  form  paroxixmos,  is  encountered  so 
early  as  1577.  No  very  definite  origin  is  found  for 
parrot,  which  is  first  encountered  in  1525.  Some 
space  is  devoted  to  parsley,  petersilie,  petrosilye, 
&c. ;  and  much  that  is  interesting  and  instructive 
is  furnished  concerning  parson  Many  of  the  com- 
binations of  part,  such  as  part-song,  are  of  extreme 
interest.  Part  as  a  verb,  "  Come  let  us  kiss  and 
part,''  is  not  less  worthy  of  study.  Carew  and 
Cowley  both  use  parterre.  Walpolehas,  "I  am  not 
parti"!  to  the  family."  Under  particle  we  should 
like  Byron's  "The  mind,  that  very  fiery  particle." 
Partlet,  the  name  of  a  hen,  is  no  older  than 
Chaucer,  and  parturition  is  no  earlier  than  the  middle 
of  the  seventeenth  century  ;  parturient  is  half  a 
century  older.  Party  has,  of  course,  many  signi- 
fications. Parly,  in  "  the  spirit  of  party,"  first 
appears  in  1729.  De  Quincey  claims  to  have  coined 
parvani/nity  in  1830,  as  an  antithesis  to  magnanimity. 
Boyle  used  it,  however,  a  century  and  a  half  earlier. 
Wotton  first  uses  Pasquinade  in  1592.  Of  Pasquin, 
the  coadjutor  of  Marfprius,  an  excellent  account  is 
given.  We  would  fain  draw  attention  to  patten, 
patter,  and  a  hundred  more  words,  and  have  not, 
indeed,  gone  through  more  than  a  section  of  the 
number.  As  is  obvious,  however,  the  space  we 
have  to  devote  to  notices  of  books  is  very  small, 
and  the  calls  upon  it  are  numerous  and  urgent. 
We  quit  this  instalment  the  more  readily  since  we 
know  that  it  is  already  being  studied  by  some  of 
our  readers.  No  part  of  this  monumental  work  has 
involved  more  labour  than  the  present,  and  its 
appearance  exactly  up  to  date  is  matter  for  con- 
gratulation. At  p.  567  the  first  cross-heading  is  not 
quite  accurate. 

Diary  and  Letters  of  Madame  cCArblay,  1778-1840. 

With    Preface    and    Notes    by  Austin    Dobson. 

Vols.  I.  and  II.  (Macmillan  &  Co.) 
A  NEW,  handsome,  well  -  illustrated,  and,  in  a 
sense,  definitive  edition  of  Fanny  Burney's  '  Diary 
and  Letters' is  one  of  the  greatest  boons  that  can 
be  given  to  the  lover  of  eighteenth-century  litera- 
ture and  art.  Apart  from  the  interest  felt  in  Fanny 
herself— who,  at  the  outset  at  least,  before  she  is 
rather  spoilt  by  homage,  is  a  bewitching  creature  — 
her  revelations  cast  a  light  upon  England  in  the 
days  of  Johnson  not  elsewhere  to  be  obtained.  As 
regards  Johnson  himself,  who  at  the  time  the  diary 
begins  was  close  on  seventy  years  of  age,  nowhere 
except  in  the  immortal  pages  of  Boswell  can  we  find 


him  depicted  more  exactly  to  the  life.  Our  author 
is,  indeed,  herself  a  Boswell,  whose  attention  to 
her  subject  is  continually  distracted  to  herself,  of 
which  she  had  an  overweening,  if  easily  explicable^, 
estimate.  Charming  as  she  is,  we  are  at  times  a 
little  impatient  of  her  egotism  and  her  affectation, 
and,  in  spite  of  Macaulay's  defence  of  her  from  the- 
gross  and  ill-natured  attack  of  Croker,  we  think 
her  vainglory  is  but  ill  concealed.  If  ever  there 
was  homage  by  which  the  head  of  a  girl  might  well, 
be  turned  it  was  hers.  Dr.  Johnson  seems  to  have 
been  really  in  love  with  her  during  her  residence  at 
the  Thrales',  and  though  he  was  then  an  old  manr 
she  seems  almost  capable  of  reciprocating  his  adora- 
tion. Reynolds  was  enthusiastic  in  her  praise,  and 
Burke  was  sincere  and  outspoken  in  homage. 
Similar  tributes  were  paid  in  later  days  to  a 
namesake,  Fanny  Kemble,  Mrs.  Butler ;  but  the 
worshippers  in  this  case,  though  they  included  Mac- 
aulay,  Rogers,  and  Longfellow,  were  less  august. 

The  present  edition  of  the  diary  and  letters  is= 
based  upon  the  first  edition,  published  in  two- 
separate  instalments  by  Colburn  in  1842  and  1846,  as- 
edited  by  her  niece  Charlotte  Barrett.  It  has  beeni 
carefully  and  sympathetically  edited  by  Mr.  Austin, 
Dobson,  whose  whole  life  might  well  have  been  a 
preparation  for  the  task,  and  whose  notes  are 
admirably  helpful  and  serviceable.  The  notes  to 
the  original  edition  were,  it  was  felt,  inadequate  to 
modern  requirements,  and  those  now  supplied  were 
written  expressly  for  this  issue.  Conciseness  has 
been  a  chief  aim  of  Mr.  Dobson.  The  information 
presented  is,  however,  in  every  case  adequate,  and 
the  whole  constitutes  an  admirably  conscientious 
and  thorough  piece  of  work.  Appendices  to  the 
volumes  are  new,  and  include  unpublished  letters 
and  extracts  from  various  sources  which  were  too 
long  to  be  incorporated  in  the  notes.  The  illustra- 
tions, consisting  of  portraits,  views,  autographs, 
and  plans,  have  a  charm  of  their  own,  and  con- 
stitute an  attractive  feature  in  the  work.  In  the 
volumes  already  issued  we  have  as  frontispiece  to 
the  first  volume  a  portrait  of  Frances  Burney,  taken 
in  1782  by  Edward  Francis  Burney,  and  to  the 
second  one  of  Hester  Piozzi  (Mrs.  Thrale),  by 
George  Dance,  R.A.,  from  the  National  Portrait 
Gallery.  Other  portraits  are  of  Dr.  Johnson,  by  Sir 
Joshua  Reynolds ;  of  Dr.  Burney,  by  the  same  ;  of 
Burke,  by  Romney ;  and  of  Samuel  Crisp,  the 
heroine's  "  Dear  Daddy."  There  are  in  the  first 
volume  three  autographs  of  Fanny  Burney.  The 
views,  meanwhile,  are  numerous  and  well  selected. 

At  this  period  of  her  life  when  she  was  young  and 
overflowing  with  animal  spirits,  Fanny  Burney  was 
simply  delicious.  Her  style  had  not  yet  been  spoilt 
by  her  imitation  of  Johnson,  and  her  shrewd  obser- 
vations are  admirably  expressed.  Her  delight  in 
the  homage  she  received  is  touching,  and  her 
enjoyment  carries  one  away.  In  the  range  of  lite- 
rature we  scarcely  know  a  passage  more  en- 
chanting than  the  following  —  which,  familiar  as 
it  is,  we  must  quote— upon  hearing  of  Dr.  John- 
son's admiration  for  her  'Evelina':  "But  Dr. 
Johnson's  approbation  !— it  almost  crazed  me  with 
agreeable  surprise  —  it  gave  me  such  a  flight  of 
spirits,  that  I  danced  a  jig  to  Mr.  Crisp  without 
any  preparation,  music,  or  explanation— to  his  no 
small  amazement  and  diversion.  I  left  him,  how- 
ever, to  make  his  own  comments  upon  my  friskiness, 
without  affording  him  the  smallest  assistance."  A 
more  delectable  possession  than  this  is  not  easily 
to  be  hoped.  The  only  thing  that  could  add  to  its 


40 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  in.  JAN.  u,  1905. 


value  would  be  a  reissue  in  the  same  form  of  the 
'  Early  Diary.'  That  may  not,  however,  be  expected 
yet  awhile.  The  sixth  and  last  volume  will  have  a 
general  index. 

Boawdfs  Life  of  Johnson.  2  vols.  (Frowde.) 
THOUGH  announced  as  in  two  volumes,  and  issued 
in  that  shape,  this  admirably  cheap  and  convenient 
«dition  of  this  great  classic  reaches  us  in  one  volume. 
Two  volumes,  respectively  of  680  and  704  pages,  are 
Toound  in  one.  So  fine  is,  however,  the  paper  that 
the  work  can  easily  be  slipped  into  the  pocket 
and  carried  with  little  sense  of  weight.  In  a  cheap 
•edition  such  as  this  we  are  always  disposed  to 
regard  portability  as  a  crowning  virtue.  A  man 
going  for  a  long  journey  even  is  safe  against  dul- 
•ness  if  he  carries  with  him  a  book  such  as  this, 
-which  he  can  at  will  dip  into  or  study.  Portraits 
•of  Johnson,  each  after  Reynolds,  are  given  as 
-frontispieces  to  the  two  volumes.  Vol.  i.  repro- 
•duces  the  title-page  to  the  third  edition,  which  is 
followed  in  the  text.  Boswell's  and  Malone's  adver- 
tisements to  the  various  early  editions  are  inserted, 
•as  is  the  chronological  catalogue  of  Johnson's  prose 
works.  A  good  index  is  given  in  the  second 
volume,  and  the  edition  is  complete,  convenient, 
and  satisfactory  in  all  respects. 

The  Poetn  and  the.  Poetry  of  the  Nineteenth  Century. 

Edited  by  Alfred  H.  Miles.    3  vols.    (Routledge 

&  Sons.) 

IN  a  form  equally  pretty  and  convenient,  and  at  a 
price  which  brings  them  within  reach  of  all,  Messrs. 
Routledge  &  Sons  have  supplied  a  reissue  of  the 
•encyclopedic  work  of  Mr.  Miles  upon  the  poets  and 
•poetry  of  the  last  century.  Three  volumes  already 
issued  deal  with  Crabbe  to  Coleridge,  Southey  to 
'.Shelley,  and  Keats  to  Lytton — the  first  Lord  Lytton, 
that  is.  That  the  remaining  volumes,  completing 
the  series,  will  appear  we  doubt  not.  The  work 
will  then  have  genuine  value  to  the  student,  since 
many  of  its  contents  are  elsewhere  inaccessible. 

lialeffhana.     Part  VI.     By  T.  N.  Brushfield,  M.D., 

F.S.A. 

MANY  of  our  readers  will  welcome  the  appearance 
of  a  further  portion  of  Dr.  Brushfield's  'Ralegh- 
ana,'  reprinted,  like  the  previous  parts,  from  the 
TraWiartioHS  of  the  Devonshire  Association.  It 
furnishes  a  very  valuable  bibliographical  study  of 
'  The  History  of  the  World,'  and  reproduces  the 
portrait  from  the  third  edition,  1617.  Happy  are 
•those  who  have  kept  the  successive  parts. 

A   Dictionary  of  Abbreviations.    Contractions, 

By  Edward  Latham.     (Routledge  &  Sons.) 
Who  Wrote  That  ?    By  W.  S.  W.  Curson.    (Same 

publishers.) 

Mottoes  and  Badges.  (Same  author  and  publishers.) 
THESK  three  serviceable  and  pretty  little  volumes 
have  been  added  to  the  "Miniature  Reference 
Series"  of  Messrs.  Routledge.  They  are  all  useful, 
some  of  them  specially  so.  In  days  in  which  we 
are  all  so  unduly  hurried  we  are  ourselves  often 
:»t  a  loss  to  know  the  meaning  of  abbreviations. 
We  fancy  we  have  before  mentioned  the  abbre- 
viation W.L.P.  on  the  title  of  a  book.  This  meant 
Wesleyan  Local  Preacher,  and  is  not  given  by  Mr. 
Latham,  whose  book  is,  however,  commendably 
full.  All  the  works  are  valuable,  and  all  are  as 
•cheap  as  they  are  pretty. 


MR.  E.  S.  DODOSON,  whose  synopsis  of  the  Basque 
verb  we  mentioned  so  recently  as  24  December  last, 
has  sent  us  an  Essai  de  Traduction  Basque  de  'Don. 
Quichotte,'1  with  instructive  notes  in  French.  It  is 
printed  at  Biarritz  by  Ernest  Seitz. 

THE  forty-first  edition  of  Herbert  Fry's  Royal 
Guide  to  the  London  Charities,  edited  by  John  Lane 
(Chatto  &  Windus),  an  excellent  work  in  its  class, 
appears  revised  and  corrected  up  to  date. 

ANTIQUITIES  OF  YORK.— A  Committee  has  been 
formed  to  promote  an  Exhibition  of  old  York  Views 
and  Portraits  of  Local  Worthies,  to  be  held  in 
March  and  April  of  this  year,  with  a  view  to 
arousing  interest  in  the  preservation  of  the  many 
ancient  and  picturesque  buildings  in  and  around 
the  old  city,  and  of  illustrating  the  vast  changes 
that  have  taken  place  in  the  streets,  fortifications, 
&c.,  during  the  last  two  centuries.  Possessors  of 
oil  paintings,  water-colour  drawings,  engravings, 
mezzotints,  lithographs,  pencil  drawings,  original 
copper-plates,  or  photographs  of  "  Old  York  "  or  of 
York  worthies,  likely  to  interest  tke  antiquary, 
collector,  or  student,  who  are  willing  to  lend  them 
for  exhibition,  are  invited  by  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee to  communicatewith  the  honorary  secretaries. 
Dr.  Evelyn  and  Mr.  Benson,  Exhibition  Build- 
ings, York.  Arrangements  have  been  made  with 
the  Education  Committee  of  the  York  Corporation 
for  the  collection  to  be  shown  in  the  Exhibition 
Buildings,  and  every  precaution  for  the  safety  and 
insurance  of  the  exhibits  will  be  taken,  and  mea- 
sures adopted  to  prevent  their  being  photographed 
or  copied  without  permission  from  the  exhibitors 
themselves. 

igotictz  ta  ®0m«|r0ttir*ni8, 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 
put  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
heading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "Duplicate." 

M.  P.  ("Blizzard"). —  Please  forward  extract 
illustrating  use  of  this  word  in  1802. 

G.  G.— " Disbenched  Judges"  next  week.  Others 
to  follow. 

NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries'" — Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "The  Pub- 
lisher"— at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  E.G. 

We  beg  leave  to  state  that  we  decline  to  return 
communications  which,  for  any  reason,  we  do  not 
print ;  and  to  this  rule  we  can  make  no  exception. 


to"  s.  in.  JAN.  u,  1905.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

THE    ATHEN&UM 

JOURNAL  OF  ENGLISH  AND  FOREIGN  LITERATURE,  SCIENCE, 
THE  FINE  ARTS,  MUSIC,  AND  THE  DRAMA. 


THIS  WEEK'S  ATHEN-ffiUM  contains  Articles  on 

MEMOIRS  of  the  MARTYR  KING. 

Vols.  IX. -XII.  of  the  LETTERS  of  HORACE  WALPOLE. 

SELECTIONS  from  the  CORRESPONDENCE  of  ADMIRAL  JOHN  MARKHAM  during  the  YEARS 
1801-4  and  1806-7. 

MY  SERVICE  in  the  INDIAN  ARMY— and  AFTER. 

WESTERN  EUROPE  in  the  FIFTH  and  EIGHTH  CENTURIES. 

BBAY  of  BUCKHOLT.  The  PROSPECTOR.  DAVID  the  CAPTAIN.  BIBLE  and  SWORD. 
FORTUNE'S  CASTAWAY  :  a  HISTORICAL  ROMANCE.  PAMELA'S  CHOICE.  LIMANORA  : 
the  ISLAND  of  PROGRESS. 

THEOLOGICAL  BOOKS.     SHORT  STORIES.    TWO  FRENCH  NOVELS. 

HIS  YOUNG  IMPORTANCE.  AMERICAN  FAMILIAR  VERSE.  MRS.  PENNELL'S  COOKERY 
BOOKS.  The  WORKS  of  MOTLEY.  The  LAW  of  COPYRIGHT.  POEMS  of  1848  and 
EARLIER  DAYS.  A  DICTIONARY  of  QUOTATIONS  in  PROSE.  The  POETS  and  POETRY 
of  the  NINETEENTH  CENTURY.  MOTHER  GOOSE'S  MELODY.  CHILDREN'S  WILD 
FLOWERS.  CHIRP  and  CHATTER.  The  DREAM-GARDEN.  SWEDISH  FAIRY  TALES. 
The  LITERARY  YEAR-BOOK  and  BOOKMAN'S  DIRECTORY  for  1905.  The  POST  OFFICE 
LONDON  DIRECTORY.  BURKE'S  PEERAGE.  WHITAKER'S  ALMANACK  and  PEERAGE. 

A  WINTER  SUNSET.  CLASSICAL  ASSOCIATION  of  ENGLAND  and  WALES.  WHEN  WAS 
JOHN  KNOX  BORN?  'HISTORY  of  WEXFORD.'  INCORPORATED  ASSOCIATION  of 
ASSISTANT  MASTERS. 

The  SCARLET  PIMPERNEL.  

Last  Week's  ATHEK2EUM  contains  Articles  on 

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io*8.iiLjAx.2ifi9os.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


41 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  JANUARY  SI,  1905. 


CONTENTS.-No.  56. 

NOTES  :— The  Nail  and  the  Clove,  41— Disbenched  Judges 
43— Father  Paul  Sarpi  in  English  Literature,  44— Books  o 
Lady  Dilke— The  Lyceum  Theatre,  45— Lady  Carnegie 
afterwards  Countess  of  Southesk— George  Romney,  1610— 
"  But  for  the  grace  of  God  there  goes  John  Bradford,"  46 
—Extraordinary  Tide  in  the  Thames— Robert  Bloomfield— 
"  Gutta  cavat  lapidem  "— Marvell's  Poems  and  Satires,  47 

QUERIES  :— Eighteenth  -  Century  Plays  —  Charles  f.  __ 
Spain  —  Farmer  of  Hartshill,  48  —  Danish  Surnames — 
Duelling— Edmond  and  Edward— John  Cope,  Engraver— 
"God  called  up  from  dreams"— "  And  has  it  come  to 
this?" — "As  such" — Heraldic  Mottoes — Sailors'  Chanties 
—"God  rest  you  merry "  —  "  Gospel  of  fatness  "—Gold 
smith's  '  Edwin  and  Angelina,'  49—'  Notes  on  Genesis  '— 
Pig  hanging  a  Man  — Arithmetic— "T.  D."— Richard 
Warren  —  Municipal  Documents  —  "Je  ne  viens  qu'en 
mourant,"  50. 

REPLIES  :— Split  Infinitive,  51— Coliseums  Old  and  New. 
52— "To  have  a  month's  mind"— Maze  at  Seville,  54— 
Roman  Theatre  at  Verulam— Sir  William  Calvert— Verse 
Translations  of  Molifire— Tarleton  and  the  Sign  of  "The 
Tabor,"  55— Cross  in  the  Greek  Church— London  Ceme- 
teries in  1860— "The  Crown  and  Three  Sugar  Loaves" — 
Holborn,  56— Bringing  in  the  Yule  "  Clog  "—Bishop  of 
Man  Imprisoned— Inscription  on  Statue  of  James  II.— 
Walker  Family,  57. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS:— 'Roger  Ascham's  English  Works 
—Douglas's  'Theodore  Watts-Dunton '—' Rugby  School 
Register.' 

Booksellers'  Catalogues. 
Notices  to  Correspondents. 


THE  NAIL  AND  THE  CLOVE. 

IN  the  *  Oxford  English  Dictionary '  the 
word  clove  (sb.3)  is  acknowledged  to  be  a 
difficulty  :— 

"  It  is  identical  with  L.  davits,  '  nail,'  which  was 
also  used  as  a  lineal  measure  (see  nail) ;  but  how 
the  measure  and  weight  were  related  is  not  known. 
Nor  does  it  appear  how  the  English  form  of  the 
word  came  to  be  dove,  although  its  phonetic  history 
may  have  been  parallel  to  that  of  clove,  sb.2." 

The  term  is  defined  as  "  a  weight  formerly 
used  for  wool  and  cheese,  equal  to  7  or  8  Ibs. 
avoirdupois." 

I  owe  so  much  gratitude  to  the  'O.E.D.1 
that  I  have  tried  to  solve  the  problem,  and 
perhaps  my  essay  may  be  of  use  when  "  nail " 
comes  to  the  front. 

My  study  of  the  subject  leads  me  to  the 
conclusion  that  the  L.  clavus  and  the  Fr.  dou 
were  blundering  equivalents  for  "nail " ;  the 
scribes  of  the  time  had  got  hold  of  the  wrong 
nail.  I  propose  to  show  this  by  the  develop- 
ment of  the  word,  first  as  a  measure,  then  as 
a  weight.  It  is  a  rather  long  story,  for  it  is 
an  episode  connected  with  the  rise  of  our 
system  of  measures  and  weights  from  their 
origin  ;  but  if  the  story  is  half  as  interesting 
to  readers  of  4  N.  &  Q.'  as  the  working  out  of 


it  has  been  to  me,  I  believe  I  shall  be  par- 
doned for  its  length. 

Of  the  earliest  lineal  measures,  the  chief 
was  the  natural  cubit,  the  length  of  the  fore- 
arm from  elbow  to  finger-tip,  the  mean 
measurement  of  which  in  men  is  about  18i 
inches.  It  was  divided  into  6  palms,  or 
hands,  each  of  4  digits  or  finger-breadths. 
The  division  of  the  cubit  into  24  digits 
probably  influenced  the  use  of  this  number 
in  other  measures,  the  scruple-division  of 
the  ounce,  the  grain-division  of  the  penny- 
weight, and  perhaps  the  astronomical  day 
just  as  the  division  of  the  half  cubit  or  span 
into  12  digits  was  the  first  step  in  the  duo- 
decimal system. 

In  due  course  the  length  of  the  cubit 
became  fixed  by  law.  That  of  the  Egyptian 
common  cubit  was  fixed  at  a  length  (equal 
to  18-24  English  inches)  such  that  a  fathom 
of  four  cubits  was  exactly  one-hundredth  of 
a  stadium,  or  one-thousandth  of  a  geographical 
mile.  When  the  Egyptian  royal  cubit  was 
introduced,  its  additional  length  (making  it 
equal  to  20'62  English  inches)  was  given  by 
adding  a  rather  short  palm  (as  in  the  cubit 
and  a  handbreadth  of  Ezekiel),  and  making 
this  builder's  cubit  contain  7  palms,  each  of  4 
digits,  slightly  shorter  divisions  than  those  of 
the  common  cubit.  The  hieroglyphic  of  the 
digit  is  a  finger. 

Before  going  further  it  may  be  well  to  note 
the  usual  divisions  of  the  common  cubit 
whether  in  Egypt  or  in  other  countries. 

1.  The  foot,  a  convenient  measure,  two- 
thirds  of  the  cubit,  divided  into  4  palms  or 
16  digits. 

2.  The  span,  half  of  the  cubit  and  equal  to 
about  9  of  our  inches.    It  has  always  and 
everywhere    been    a    popular   measure.    In 
southern  France  the  popular  cloth-measure, 

despite  of  the  metric  system  of  thefrancki- 
nan  Government,  is  still  the  pan.  The  pawn 

of  Geans  (palmo  of  Genoa)  is  one  of  the 
neasures  mentioned  in  Recorde  (1654).  In 
England  women  measure  cloth  by  the  long 
inger  or  half-span,  the  length  of  the  middle 

finger,  from  tip  to  knuckle,  bent. 

3.  The  palm  or  hand,  the  palmus  minor. 
Originally  3  inches  (4  digits)  in  England,  it 
rose  to  4  inches,  becoming  thus  the  "  hand  " 

horse-measure. 

4.  I  mention  pour  memoire  the  scaeft-mund 
of  Anglo-Saxon    times,  or  hand-shaft,    the 

.tahan  sommesso  —  the  fist  with  thumb  ex- 
,ended,  equal  to  about  half  a  foot. 

The  span  of  the  Greeks,  half  the  Egyptian 
Common  cubit,  was  divided  into  12  daktuloi  • 
he  Romans  divided  their  somewhat  shorter 
nlmus  major  into  12  uncice.  The  2wlmo  of  For- 


42 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io<"  s.  m.  JAX.  21,  IMS. 


tugal — exactly,  to  a  hundredth  of  an  inch,  the 
Roman  palmus  (equal  to  8  '74  inches) — is  di  videc 
into  12  dedos  or  digits.  The  modern  Roman 
palmo  (equal  to  8'79  inches)  is,  or  was,  of  12 
oncie,  and  the  foot>,piede,  is  of  16 ;  this  support 
the  view  that  the  ancient  uncia  was,  originally 
at  least,  the  twelfth  of  the  palmus  major. 

Passing  to  the  foot — the  Greek  pous  (the 
Olympic  foot,  two- thirds  of  the  Egyptian  com- 
mon cubit)  wasdivided,  like  the  modern  Roman 
piede,  into  16  daktuloi,  of  which  the  span  had 
12.  The  Roman  foot,  originally  the  same  as 
the  Greek  foot,  was  shortened  so  that  5,000 
feet  should  make  the  Greek  land-mile  of 
stadia.  It  is  probable  that  there  were  two 
divisions  of  the  Roman  foot :  the  original, 
into  16  uncice  or  diyiti ;  a  later  one  into  12 
pollices,  thumb-breadths,  sometimes  called 
uncice  in  the  generic  sense  of  twelfths,  the 
imcia  occupying  the  honorary  position  as  the 
twelfth  of  the  foot,  while  favpollex  (It.  pollice, 
Fr.  pouce)  was  the  actual  twelfth.  The  L. 
oncia,  from  Gr.  oy/a'a,  connected  with  6'w£, 
certainly  had  the  original  meaning  of  a  nail, 
a  nail-breadth,  and  was  thus  akin  to  unguis. 
In  India  we  find  the  span  divided  into  12 
ungli,  or  nails.  In  France  once  or  oince  meant 
a  nail. 

In  England  for  many  centuries  there  was 
the  same  double  series  of  lineal  measures  as 
in  other  countries.  From  the  span  came  the 
popular  ell- measures— the  Flemish  ell  of  3 
spans,  the  English  and  Scottish  yard-ell  of  4 
spans,  the  English  ell  of  5  spans,  correspond- 
ing to  the  French  a^lne.  The  span  was 
probably,  as  with  other  peoples,  divided  into 
12  ongkice,  nails  or  inches,  for  ynce,  unch,  or 
"inch"  (with  its  doublet  "ounce")  is  ob- 
viously derived  from  the  Roman  term.  But 
the  foot  also  arose  at  a  very  early  period 
of  English  history.  Perhaps  it  may  not  be 
superfluous  to  remark  that  the  foot  is  not 
taken  from  the  length  of  the  human  foot,  any 
more  than  the  thumb-breadth  or  a  barleycorn 
was  the  unit  of  length,  or  a  grain  of  some 
cereal  the  primitive  unit  of  weight.  The  foot, 
like  the  minor  measures,  was  at  first  a  frac- 
tion (generally  two-thirds)  of  a  cubit,  and  was 
so  named  from  its  being,  very  roughly,  about 
the  length  of  a  very  long  human  foot.  Our 
foot  is  not  the  short  Roman  foot,  nor  the  long 
Rhineland  foot  of  Scotland,  nor  the  still 
longer  French  foot.  It  is  a  foot  peculiar  to 
our  country,  and  evolved  here  scientifically  ; 
it  became  the  standard  measure  of  England, 
and  was  divided  into  12  parts,  called  "  inches," 
leaving  the  synonym  "  nails  "  for  the  16  digits 
or  nail-breadths  which  it  contained  as  an 
extension  of  the  popular  span.  In  course  of 
time  it  was  found  desirable,  in  order  to  estab- 


lish the  use  of  the  foot,  to  adopt  a  measure 
combining  it  with  the  span.  So  the  "  yard  " 
or  "  verge,"  of  3  feet,  divided  into  4  spans,  or 
quarters,  became  a  standard  lineal  measure. 
It  had  a  rival  in  the  ell  of  5  spans  (—45  inches)r 
which  survived,  principally  in  arithmetical 
exercise  books,  up  to  about  the  last  century. 
Now,  how  were  these  two  ells,  that  of  4  spans 
and  that  of  5  spans,  divided  for  cloth  measure  ? 
In  Wingate's  '  Arithmetick,'  1670, 1  find  "That 
a  Yard,  as  also  an  Ell,  is  usually  subdivided 
into  four  Quarters,  and  each  Quarter  into 
four  Nails."  Cocker,  1677,  says  the  same  in 
almost  the  same  words. 

So  a  nail  denoted  a  sixteenth,  either  of  the 
4-span  yard  or  of  the  5-span  ell ;  not  any 
distinct  length.  It  had  become,  like  the 
Indian  "anna,"  the  generic  term  for  a  six- 
teenth. But  with  the  gradual  disuse  of  the 
ell  the  nail  became  the  synonym  of  the  six- 
teenth of  a  yard,  and  it  is  still  among  the 
standard  imperial  measures. 

Passing  to  "  nail "  as  a  weight,  we  find  a, 
development  of  the  same  idea  of  its  being  a 
sixteenth  part.  Just  as  L.  uncia,  It.  oncia, 
From  the  twelfth  of  a  span,  became  the  six- 
teenth of  a  foot,  so  Fr.  once,  from  one-twelfth 
of  the  duodecimal  pound,  became  one-six- 
teenth of  the  livre  poids  de  marc  ;  and  so  the 
Roman  ounce,  the  basis  of  all  our  weights  and 
measures  (except  the  royal  troy  pound,  now 
bappily  obsolete),  became  the  sixteenth  of 
our  averdepois  pound.  Thus  "ounce,"  a 
doublet  of  unch  or  ynch,  brought  the  idea  of 
'nail"  into  our  weights  as  well  as  our 
measures. 

Here  I  tread  on  ground  beset  with  pitfalls. 
The  importance  of  the  wool  trade  as  a  source 
of  revenue  to  the  Plantagenet  kings  led  to 
nuch  confused  legislation  on  our  weights. 
The  mess  which  the  statutes  of  our  kings, 
especially  the  Plantagenets,  made  with  our 
weights  and  measures,  creates  a  difficulty  in 
distinguishing  the  royal  fictive  standards 
:rom  the  real  standards  of  commerce.  The 
greater  part  of  the  statutes  on  the  sub- 
_ect  is  fiction,  often  deliberate  fiction,  out 
of  which  the  truth  is  extracted  with  difficulty. 
One  thing  is  certain — that  our  weights  were 
on  the  convenient  sexdecimal  system  from 
the  dram,  through  the  ounce,  the  pound,  the 
stone,  16  of  each  unit  making  one  of  the 
next,  up  to  the  wey,  or  "  weigh,"  of  256  pounds, 
he  weight  of  a  coomb,  or  boll,  or  half-quarter 
of  wheat ;  then  8  weys  were  equal  to  a 
chaldron,  the  measure  of  20  true  hundred- 
weights of  wheat.  Some  of  these  larger  units 
were  halved  for  convenience ;  the  wey,  or 
oad,  would  thus  be  halved  to  correspond 
vith  the  weight  carried  on  each  side  of  the 


io">s.in.jA>-.2i,i905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


43 


pack-saddle.  This  lesser  wey  would  contain 
16  of  the  lesser  stone,  the  London  stone  of 
8  pounds,  a  weight  so  convenient  that  it 
survives  to  this  day  in  the  meat  trade,  and  I 
believe  in  the  Eastern  counties  for  cheese. 
When  Edward  III.  raised  the  hundredweight 
to  112  pounds,  he  divided  it  into  4  quarters, 
and  each  quarter  into  4  units  of  7  pounds. 
Now  what  name  should  be  given  to  this 
weight  ?  The  term  "  nail "  presents  itself  at 
once  as  applicable  to  the  sixteenth  of  the  new 
hundredweight.  And  so  it  was  used  in  this 
sense.  Andrew  Halyburton,  the  merchant 
trading  from  the  Netherlands,  before  1500, 
uses  "nail," plural  "nallis,"for  the  7  pound 
weight  of  wool.  How  would  the  scribes  of 
Plantagenet  times,  ignorant  of  the  human 
origin  of  the  term  "  nail,"  render  it  in  their 
law  Latin  and  French  ]  Very  naturally  they 
blundered,  and  rendered  it  by  L.  davits  and 
Fr.  clou,  clone,  or,  in  the  script  of  the  time, 
clove.  Apparently  these  terms  "nail"  and 
"clove"  took  with  the  people,  especially  the 
latter,  and  so  we  find  the  London  stone  of 
8  pounds  sometimes  called  a  clove.  Quotations 
under  '  Clove'  in  the  '  O.E.D/  show  the  wey 
as  of  32  cloves,  each  by  statute  of  7  pounds, 
but  by  custom  of  8  pounds. 

One  quotation  (1328)  is :  "  quse  quidem 
trona  continet  in  se  quatuor  pisas  et  quatuor 
clavos,"  meaning  "  which  Tron  balance  has 
in  (or  with)  it  4  '  weighs '  or  weys  and  4 
cloves."  Now  I  came  across,  in  the  Guildhall 
Library,  a  document  of  very  recent  date 
quoting  an  order  of  1297,  in  which  it  is  said 
that  the  wool  tron  for  the  town  of  Lynne 
"  continet  in  se  quatuor  pisas  et  quatuordecim 
clavos."  This  is  translated  as  an  auncel 
weighing  machine  provided  with  "4  burden 
points  and  14  pivots  or  pins."  So  here  the 
thirteenth-century  scribe  puts  "  nail "  into 
Latin  as  clavus,  and  "  wey "  as  pisat  and  the 
end  -  of  -  the  -  nineteenth  -  century  antiquary 
restores  clavus  as  a  pin,  and  pisa  as  the 
burden  point  of  a  steelyard. 

It  is  interesting  to  observe  how  the  scribes 
capped  their  rendering  of  "nail"  as  clavus 
by  translating  "  weigh  "  as  pisa,  I  think  it 
probable  that  both  terms  were  put  into 
French  and  then  into  Latin.  One  clerk  would 
naturally  translate  "  weigh  "  by  jiois,  as  in 
aver  de  pois ;  then  some  bright  colleague, 
perhaps  the  ingenious  inventor  of  clou  and 
clavus,  would  put  pois  into  Latin  in  the 
leguminous  form  of  pisum,  modifying  its 
termination  in  accordance  with  the  old 
English  pisa,  pease. 

The  story  I  have  attempted  to  tell  shows  the 
trend  of  the  human  mind  towards  three 
factors  of  measure :  24,  12,  16  (or  8).  The 


first  gives  way  to  the  duodecimal  system^ 
which  in  its  turn  gives  way,  except  perhaps 
for  money,  to  the  sexdecimal  system,  the 
system  which  is  on  the  whole  best  adapted 
to  mental  calculation.  Agricultural  folk, 
labourers,  women,  prefer  a  system  enabling 
them  to  double  and  to  halve  almost  indefi- 
nitely, while  offering  them  resting-places  at 
superior  or  inferior  units  with  familiar  names, 
as,  for  instance,  in  our  measures  of  capacity. 
Our  "nail"  system  resembles  the  "anna" 
system  of  India,  where  that  term  means  a 
sixteenth.  It  matters  little  that  there  is  no 
actual  anna  coin  ;  the  idea  of  a  sixteenth  as 
a  division  of  the  rupee  or  of  any  other  unit — 
land,  a  venture,  a  crop— is  most  convenient 
to  the  popular  mind.  EDWARD  NICHOLSON, 
1,  Huskisson  Street,  Liverpool. 


DISBENCHED  JUDGES. 

THE  following  notes  are  intended  as  sup- 

g'ementary  to  the  articles  on  Mr.  Justice- 
olloway  and  Mr.  Baron  Ingleby  in  the 
'  Diet.  Nat.  Biog.'  In  printing  them  I  may 
mention  that  I  have  not  as  yet  seen  the 
lately  published  volume  of  additions  and 
corrections. 

Sir  Richard  Holloway,  "being  well  in 
health  and  of  good  and  disposeing  mind  and 
memory,  but  by  reason  of  his  age  infirme," 
made  his  will  at  Oxford,  on  12  January,  "in 
the  eighth  yeare  of  the  Reigne  of  William 
the  third,  &c.,  1696."  The  Spartan  simplicity 
of  the  allusion  to  the  reigning  monarch  by 
the  sturdy  old  Jacobite  is  certainly  comical. 
There  were  four  sons  :  1.  John  (born  about 
1661,  died  February,  1720),  of  St.  John's 
College,  Oxford,  and  of  the  Inner  Temple, 
barrister  -  at  -  law.  2.  Richard  (born  about 
1664,  died  10  September,  1681),  of  Christ 
Church,  Oxford,  and  a  student  of  the  Inner 
Temple  (1678).  3.  Henry  (born  about  1667,, 
died  November,  1741),  of  Christ  Church, 
Oxford,  and  of  the  Inner  Temple,  barrister- 
at-law.  4.  Peter,  likewise  a  lawyer.  To  his 
eldest  son  John  Sir  Richard  gave  all  his- 
interest  in  his  lodgings  in  Serjeants'  Inn, 
in  Fleet  Street,  London,  and  property  "in 
Hockmore  Streete,  in  the  parish  of  Ifley, 
in  the  county  of  Oxon  "  (now  transferred  from 
Iffley  to  Cowley).  His  daughter  Elizabeth 
Holloway  was  given  "  the  house  I  live  in, 
being  held  of  Magdalen  College,  in  Oxon,  for 
the  Terme  of  forty  Yeares  " ;  also,  "  all  that 
meadow  of  pasture  ground  called  ffryars,  or 
the  Grey  ffryers,  lying  in  or  near  the  parish 
of  St.  Ebbe,  in  Oxford."  Property  at  Church 
Cowley  and  Temple  Cowley  is  likewise  named. 
Holloway  died  at  Oxford  in  the  beginning  of 


44 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,     [io*  s.  m.  JAN.  21, 1905. 


1700.  His  will  was  proved  ou  20  February 
of  that  year  (registered  in  the  Prerogative 
Court  of  Canterbury,  25  Noel). 

Sir  Charles  Ingleby,  or  Ingilby,  who  wore 
the  ermine  not  longer  than  four  months,  was 
the  third  son  of  John  Ingleby  (died  28  Novem- 
ber, 1648),  of  Lawkland  Hall,  Yorkshire,  by 
his  second  wife  Mary  (died  19  November, 
1667),  daughter  of  Sir  Thomas  Lake,  of 
Canons,  Middlesex,  Secretary  of  State  to 
James  I.  He  was  born  at  Lawkland,  20  Feb- 
ruary, 1644,  and  was  buried  there  5  August, 
1718.  His  seat  was  at  Austwick  Hall,  York- 
shire. By  his  marriage  to  Alathea  (died 
September,  1715),  daughter  and  heiress  of 
Richard  Eyston,  of  Saxton,  in  the  same 
county,  he  had  issue  a  son,  Thomas  (born 
1684,  died  1729),  Serjeant-at-Law,  and  four 
daughters  :  Dorothea  (born  1681) ;  Mary  (born 
1683),  married  William  Hesketh,Esq. ;  Alathea 
(born  1685),  a  nun  at  the  English  monastery 
at  Liege ;  and  Anne  (born  1688),  married  Mr. 
Fell,  an  apothecary  in  London.  These  facts 
will  be  found  set  forth  in  Mr.  Joseph  Foster's 
4  Pedigrees  of  the  County  Families  of  York- 
shire,' a  source  of  information  unaccountably 
overlooked  by  the  writer  in  the  '  D.N.B.' 
GORDON  GOODWIN. 


FATHER  PAUL  SARPI  IN  EARLY 
ENGLISH  LITERATURE. 

IN  my  communication  on  Bishop  Hacket's 
'Life  of  Archbishop  Williams'  (9th  S.  x.  401, 
423 ;  xi.  103)  I  quoted  from  that  very  remark- 
able biography  a  number  of  appreciative 
passages  relating  to  Father  Paul.  These,  of 
course,  need  not  be  here  repeated.  Before, 
however,  passing  on  to  the  immediate  pur- 
pose of  this  note,  I  should  like  to  record  the 
opinion  of  one  great  modern  writer,  I  mean 
Lord  Macaulay.  The  following  passages  are 
taken  from  his  '  Life  and  Letters '  (2  vols., 
1876)  :— 

"I  have  adopted  an  opinion  about  the  Italian 

historians I  place  Fra  Paolo  decidedly  at  the 

head  of  them."— Vol.  i.  p.  450. 

"  On  my  return  home  I  took  Fra  Paolo  into  the 
garden.  Admirable  writer !"— Vol.  ii.  p.  282. 

"  I  read  part  of  the  Life  of  Fra  Paolo  prefixed  to 
his  history.  A  wonderful  man."— Vol.  ii.  p.  283. 

"To  have  written  the  History  of  the  Council  of 
Trent,  and  the  tracts  on  the  Venetian  Dispute  with 
Rome,  is  enough  for  one  man's  fame. "—Vol.  ii.  p.  284. 
•*"  Fra  Paolo  is  my  favourite  modern  historian. 
His  subject  did  not  admit  of  vivid  painting ;  but 
what  he  did,  he  did  better  than  anybody."— Vol.  ii. 
p.  284. 

I  am  almost  certain  that  our  great  historian 
took  the  key-note  of  his  historical  style  from 
Father  Paul.  For  the  sake  of  comparison, 


I  quote  from  the  folio  of  1676  the  words  with 
which  Sarpi  opens  his  history  : — 

"My  purpose  is  to  write  the  History  of  the 
Council  of  Trent.  For  though  many  famous  His- 
torians of  our  Age  have  made  mention  in  their 
Writings  of  some  particular  accidents  that  happened 
therein,"  &c. 

The  personal  note  throughout  is  characteristic 
of  both  writers. 

And  here  I  may  be  permitted  to  call  atten- 
tion to  two  splendid  articles  on  Fra  Paolo 
Sarpi  by  Mr.  Andrew  D.  White,  at  one  time 
American  Ambassador  to  both  Russia  and 
Germany,  in  The  Atlantic  Monthly  for  January 
and  February,  1904.  The  second  concludes 
with  these  glowing  and  inspiring  words  : — 

"At  last,  under  the  new  Italian  monarchy,  the 
patriotic  movement  became  irresistible,  and  the 
same  impulse  which  erected  the  splendid  statue  to 
Giordano  Bruno  on  the  Piazza  dei  Fiori  at  Rome, — 
on  the  very  spot  where  he  was  burned, — and  which 
adorned  it  with  the  medallions  of  eight  other  mar- 
tyrs to  ecclesiastical  hatred,  erected  in  1892,  two 
hundred  and  seventy  years  after  it  had  been 
decreed,  a  statue,  hardly  less  imposing,  to  Paolo 
Sarpi,  on  the  Piazza  Santa  Fosca  at  Venice,  where 
he  had  been  left  for  dead  by  the  Vatican  assassins. 
There  it  stands,  noble  and  serene, — a  monument  of 
patriotism  and  right  reason,  a  worthy  tribute  to  one 
who,  among  intellectual  prostitutes  and  solemnly 
constituted  impostors,  stood  forth  as  a  true  man, 
the  greatest  of  his  time, — one  of  the  greatest  of  all 
times,— an  honor  to  Venice,  to  Italy,  and  to  huma- 
nity." 

The  first  extract  I  shall  give  is  from  the 
pen  of  that  curious  writer  Tom  Coriat,  of 
Odcombian  fame  ('Coryats  Crudities,'  1611, 
p.  247)  :— 

"  In  this  street  [called  S*  Hieronimo]  also  doth 
famous  Frier  Paul  dwell  which  is  of  the  order  of 
Serui.  I  mention  him  because  in  the  time  of  the 
difference  betwixt  the  Signiory  of  Venice  and  the 
Pope,  he  did  in  some  sort  oppose  himselfe  against 
the  Pope,  especially  concerning  his  supremacy  in 
ciuill  matters,  and  as  wel  with  his  tongue  as  his 
pen  inueighed  not  a  little  against  him.  So  that 
for  his  bouldnesse  with  the  Popes  Holynesse  he 
was  like  to  be  slaine  by  some  of  the  Papists  in 
Venice,  whereof  one  did  very  dangerously  wound 
him.  It  is  thought  that  he  doth  dissent  in  many 
points  from  the  Papisticall  doctrine,  and  inclineth 
to  the  Protestants  religion,  by  reason  that  some 
learned  Protestants  haue  by  their  conuersation 
with  him  in  his  Conuent  something  diuerted  him 
from  Popery.  Wherefore  notice  being  taken  by 
many  great  men  of  the  City  [Venice]  that  he  be- 
ginneth  to  swarue  from  the  Komish  religion,  he 
was  lately  restrained  (as  I  heard  in  Venice)  from 
all  conference  with  Protestants." 

Walton,  in  his  '  Life  of  Sir  Henry  Wotton,' 
has  these  passages  (I  quote  from  the  text 
printed  in  the  '  Reliquiae  Wottonianse,'  1685)  : 

"Matters  thus  heightned,  the  State  [of  Venice] 
advised  with  Father  Paul,  a  Holy  and  Learned 
Frier  (the  Author  of  the  '  History  of  the  Council  of 
Trent')  whose  advice  was,  'Neither  to  provoke  the 


io*s.ui.jAy.2i,i9Q3.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


45 


Pope,  nor  lose  their  own  Right ' :  he  declaring  pub- 
lickly  in  Print,  in  the  name  of  the  State,  '  That  the 
Pope  was  trusted  to  keep  two  Keys ;  one  of  Pru- 
dence, and  the  other  of  Power :  And  that  if  they 
were  not  both  used  together,  Power  alone  is  not 
effectual  in  an  Excommunication.' " 

"These  Contests  were  the  occasion  of  Padre 
Paulo's  knowledge  and  interest  with  King  James, 
for  whose  sake  principally  Padre  Paulo  compiled 
that  eminent  History  of  the  remarkable  Council  of 
Trent :  which  History  was,  as  fast  as  it  was  written, 
sent  in  several  sheets  in  Letters  by  Sir  Henry  Wot- 
ton,  Mr.  Bedel,  and  others,  unto  King  James,  and  the 
then  Bishop  of  Canterbury,  into  England,  and  there 
first  made  publick,  both  in  English  and  in  the  uni- 
versal Language." 

A  very  notable  feature  in  Sir  Henry 
Wotton's  'Reliquise  Wottonianse,3  1085,  is  a 
letter  dated  17  Jan.,  1637,  addressed  "To  the 
Right  Worthy  Provost  and  Professor  Regius 
of  Divinity  [Collings]  in  Cambridge."  From 
his  long  residence  as  British  Ambassador  to 
the  State  of  Venice,  Wotton  became  inti- 
mately acquainted  with  Father  Paul,  and 
the  personal  details  he  has  preserved  of  that 
illustrious  man  are  in  the  highest  degree 
interesting.  The  letter  is  too  long  to  quote 
entire,  but  the  following  extract  is  worth 
reproducing  here  : — 

"  And  now,  Sir,  having  a  fit  Messenger,  and  not 
long  after  the  time  when  Love-tokens  use  to  pass 
between  Friends,  let  me  be  bold  to  send  you  for  a 
New-Years-gift  a  certain  Memorial,  not  altogether 
unworthy  of  some  entertainment  under  your  roof ; 
namely,  a  true  Picture  of  Padre  Paolo  the  Servita, 
which  was  first  taken  by  a  Painter  whom  I  sent  unto 
him  from  my  House  then  neighbouring  his  Monas- 
tery. I  have  newly  added  thereunto  a  Title  of  mine  j 
own  Conception,  Condi ii  Tridentini  Eviscerator ;  \ 
and  had  sent  the  Frame  withal,  if  it  were  portable, 
which  is  but  of  plain  Deal,  coloured  Black  like  the 
Habit  of  his  Order.  You  have  a  luminous  Parlour, 
which  I  have  good  cause  to  remember,  not  only  by 
delicate  Fare  and  Freedom  (the  Prince  of  Dishes  :) 
but  above  all,  by  your  own  Learned  Discourse  :  for 
to  dine  with  you,  is  to  dine  with  many  good  Authors: 
In  that  Room  I  beseech  you  to  allow  it  a  favourable 
place  for  my  sake.  And  that  you  may  have  some- 
what to  tell  of  him  more  than  a  bare  Image,  if  any 
shall  ask,  as  in  the  Table  of  Cebes  [a  Greek  quota- 
tion omitted]  ;  I  am  desirous  to  characterize  a  little 
unto  you  such  part  of  his  Nature,  Customs,  and 
Abilities  as  I  had  occasion  to  know  by  sight  or  by 
enquiry.  He  was  one  of  the  humblest  things  that 
could  be  seen  within  the  bounds  of  Humanity  ;  the 
very  Pattern  of  that  Precept,  Quanta  doctior  Tanto 
nbmissior.  And  enough  alone  to  demonstrate, 
That  Knowledge  well-digested  non  infiat.  Excel- 
lent in  Positive,  excellent  in  Scholastical  and 
Polemical  Divinity.  A  rare  Mathematician,  even  in 
the  most  abstruse  parts  thereof,  as  in  Algebra  and 
the  Theoriques  ;  and  yet  withal  so  expert  in  the 
History  of  Plants,  as  if  he  had  never  perused  any- 
Book  but  Nature.  Lastly,  a  great  Canonist,  which 
was  the  title  of  his  ordinary  service  with  the  State  : 
And  certainly  in  the  tirae  of  the  Pope's  Interdict, 
they  had  their  principal  light  from  him.  When  he 
was  either  reading  or  writing  alone,  his  manner  was 
to  sit  fenced  with  a  Castle  of  Paper  about  his  Chair, 


and  over  head  :  for  he  was  9f  our  Lord  of  St.  Al- 
ban's  opinion,  That  all  Air  is  predatory  ;  and  espe- 
cially hurtful  when  the  spirits  are  most  employed. 
You  will  find  a  Scar  in  his  Face,  that  was  from  a 
Roman  Assassinate,  that  would  have  killed  him  as 
he  was  turned  to  a  wall  near  to  his  Covent :  And  if 
there  were  not  a  greater  Providence  about  us,  it 
nii°-ht  often  have  been  easily  done,  especially  upon 
such  a  weak  and  wearyish  Body.  He  was  of  a  quiet 
and  settled  Temper,  which  made  him  prompt  in  his 
Counsels  and  Answers  ;  and  the  same  in  Consulta- 
tion which  Themistocles  was  in  Action." 

I  should  say  that  this  letter  was  included, 
for  the  first  time,  in  the  edition  of  1685  of 
the 'Reliquise.'  Burnet  prints  it  also  in  his 
'Life  of  Bishop  Bedell,  published  in  the 
same  year  (p.  253).  A.  S. 

(To  be  continued.) 

BOOKS  OF  LADY  DILKE.  —  The  South 
Kensington  Art  Library  has  been  the  reci- 
pient of  a  splendid  gift,  the  fine  collection  of 
the  late  Lady  Dilke  having  been  presented 
to  it  by  Sir  Charles  Dilke,  -who  has  added 
some  valuable  books  from  his  own  collection. 
Lady  Dilke's  library  was  largely  made  up  of 
rarities,  including  incunabula  and  works 
from  the  Aldine  and  Elzevir  presses,  mostly 
in  choice  morocco  bindings.  It  is  to  be 
hoped,  for  the  convenience  of  bibliophiles, 
that  a  special  catalogue  will  be  issued. 

H.  T. 

THE  LYCEUM  THEATRE.— Now  that,  for  the 
first  time  for  a  great  number  of  years,  there 
is  no  longer  a  Lyceum  amongst  the  London 
playhouses,  a  few  of  its  memories,  so  dear  to 
all  old  lovers  of  the  drama,  may  be  worth 
recording  in  the  pages  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  Few  of 
ou  r  London  theatres  have  had  a  more  chequered 
career  than  the  Lyceum,  in  spite  of  the  many 
successes  achieved  on  its  boards.  Built  some- 
where about  1765,  it  passed  from  theatre  to 
picture  gallery,  lecture  hall,  panorama,  and 
a  host  of  other  entertainments,  and  then 
back  again  to  theatre,  till  its  destruction  by 
fire  in  1829.  It  arose,  however,  phoenix-like, 
from  its  ashes  five  years  afterwards,  and  was 
renamed  "  The  English  Opera-House."  Beaz- 
ley  was  the  architect,  and  it  was  one  of  the 
costliest  theatres  erected  in  London  up  to  that 
date.  Its  greatest  successes  were  Weber  s 
opera  '  Der  Freyschiitz,'  which  was  first  given 
in  English  there,  and  a  number  of  German 
operas  which  followed  one  another  for  some 
considerable  time.  From  an  opera-house  it 
once  more  became  a  theatre,  and  then  followed 
a  long  period  when  it  served  as  a  place  of 
extremely  miscellaneous  entertainment,  at 
one  time  even  affording  shelter  to  Madame 
Tussaud's  waxworks.  In  1840  it  once  again 
reverted  to  the  drama,  but  its  most  interest- 


46 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,      [io<"  s.  m.  JAN.  21, 1905. 


ing  legitimate  period  did  not  commence  til! 
1844,  when  it  came  under  the  management  o 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Keeley.  Under  them  it  soor 
became  a  favourite  house  for  burlesque  anc 
comedy,  and  in  a  year  or  two  was  in  the  front 
rank  of  London  theatres.  '  Jack  Sheppard, 
which  was  one  of  Mrs.  Keeley's  greatesi 
triumphs ;  '  Nicholas  Nickleby,'  in  which 
she  took  the  part  of  Smike  and  in  which 
Charles  Dickens  much  admired  her  ;  '  Martin 
Chuzzlewit,'  in  which  Mr.  Keeley  (who 
often  played  old  women)  as  Mrs.  Gamp 
was  inimitable;  and  'Mrs.  Caudle,'  were 
amongst  their  greatest  successes.  Charles 
Mathews  followed  the  Keeleys,  and  thougl 
all  his  productions  were  not  successful 
yet  under  him  the  Lyceum  kept  up  its 
reputation.  Henry  Irving  first  appearec 
there  on  11  September,  1871,  under  the 
management  of  Bateman,  the  father  of  that 
very  charming  actress  Miss  Isabel  Bateman 
and  with  his  management  is  very  closely 
identified  the  rise  of  Irving  to  fame.  I  sup- 
pose most  of  us  can  remember  that  wonderfu! 
succession  of  popular  plays,  Shakesperian 
and  others,  which  used  to  pack  the  Lyceum 
from  floor  to  ceiling  night  after  night,  and 
evoked  an  enthusiasm  almost  equal  to  that 
•which  greeted  Kean.  'Charles  the  First,' 
'The  Bells," Hamlet/  '  The  Lyons  Mail,'  and 
'  Faust '  were  amongst  the  greatest  successes 
of  that  period,  which  those  who  witnessed 
them  can  never  forget.  Never  before  had  such 
gorgeous  settings  of  any  plays  been  seen  in 
London,  and  from  that  time  dates  the  new 
era  of  scenic  production.  Like  so  many  of 
our  old  London  landmarks,  the  Lyceum  has 
passed  away,  but  old  playgoers  will  always 
cherish  kindly  recollections  of  it,  and  of  Sir 
Henry  Irving,  Miss  Ellen  Terry,  and  the 
'many  other  charming  actresses  and  actors 
who  helped  to  make  it  one  of  our  greatest 
homes  of  the  drama. 

FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 

[  '[We  doubt  whether  some  of  the  pieces  mentioned 
above  were  first  seen  at  the  Lyceum,  and  counsel 
perusal  of  the  account  of  that  theatre  by  E.  L. 
Blanchard  in  the  Era  Almanack  of  1877.] 

ANNA,  LADY  CARNEGIE,  AFTERWARDS 
COUNTESS  OF  SOUTHESK.— When  editing  the 
'Memoirs '  of  Count  Gramraont  I  overlooked 
the  most  interesting  account  of  this  lady's 
last  days  given  in  Sir  William  Fraser's  '  His- 
tory of  the  Carnegies '  (i.  153-9).  A  selection 
of  eight  letters  written  by  this  notorious 
beauty  is  printed,  and  wonderful  composi- 
tions they  are.  At  the  time  of  her  lord's 
death  the  countess  was  residing  in  Paris, 
from  which  she  wrote,  on  9  March,  1688,  to 
Mr.  Denis,  of  London  (apparently  her  banker 


there),  that  she  had  heard  on  all  hands  the 
news  of  the  loss  which  she  had  sustained  of 
a  husband  whom  she  lamented  as  much  as 
he  deserved. 

In  an  earlier  letter,  dated  2  January,  1686, 
she  writes  that  she  is  beginning  to  form  the 
resolution  of  ending  her  life  in  a  monastery, 
insufficiency  of  this  world's  money  apparently 
being  the  cause  of  this  melancholy  strain. 
In  another  letter,  dated  Paris,  14  October, 
1687,  the  countess  is  again  the  gayest  of  the 
gay ;  she  complains,  however,  that  her  coach- 
man is  sick  in  the  hands  of  surgeons  upon 
her  charges,  and  that  he  had  not  been  able 
to  drive  her  except  twice  since  she  came  to 
Paris,  but  she  thanks  God  that  her  horses 
are  well,  and  that  she  has  enough  money  to 
serve  her  till  the  day  of  payment. 

The  countess  was  at  Brussels  in  February 
and  May,  1695.  She  died  in  Holland  in 
October  of  that  year.  Her  body  was  brought 
to  Scotland,  and  her  funeral  took  place  at 
Kinnaird  on  13  December. 

GORDON  GOODWIN. 

GEORGE  ROMNEY,  1610.— Among  the  Ash- 
molean  MSS.  (No.  1729,  56,  f.  104,  a,  b) 
there  is  a  warrant  from  James  I.  to  the  Earl 
of  Salisbury,  dated  24  January,  1610,  con- 
cerning one  George  Romney,  of  St.  Clement's 
Danes,  gent.,  who  is  described  as  one  of 
the  six  "recusants"  whose  goods  were  con- 
fiscated and  bestowed  upon  the  persons 
named  in  the  warrant.  It  would  be  interest- 
ing to  know  if  this  George  Romney  was  in 
any  way  connected  with  the  famous  artist 
who  came  up  to  London  in  1762. 

W.  ROBERTS. 
47,  Lansdowne  Gardens,  Clapham. 

"BUT  FOR  THE  GRACE  OF  GOD  THERE  GOES 

JOHN  BRADFORD."  (See  ante,  p.  20.)— The 
late  Dean  Farrar,  whose  sermons  on  '  Eternal 
Hope'  were  published  in  1878,  probably  read 
this  saying  in  the  second  volume  of  '  The 
Writings  of  John  Bradford,  M.A.,'  Parker 
Society,  Cambridge,  1853.  In  the  'Biogra- 
phical Notice,'  p.  xiiii,  we  find  what  follows  : 
"The  familiar  story,  that,  on  seeing  evil-doers 
taken  to  the  place  of  execution,  he  was  wont  to 
exclaim,  '  But  for  the  grace  of  God  there  goes  John 
Bradford,'  is  a  universal  tradition,  which  has  over- 
come the  lapse  of  time.  And  Yenning,  writing  in 
1653,  desirous  to  show  that,  *  by  the  sight  of  others' 
sins,  men  may  learn  to  bewail  their  own  sinfulness 
and  heart  of  corruption,'  instances  the  case  of 
Bradford,  who,  '  when  he  saw  any  drunk  or  heard 
any  swear,  etc.,  would  railingly  complain,  Lord,  I 
iave  a  drunken  head ;  Lord,  I  have  a  swearing 
heart.' " 

The  reference  is  to  "Ralph  Venning,  The 
leathen  Improved,  an  Appendix  to  Canaan's 
Flowings,  sect.  110,  p.  222.  Lond.  1653." 


io*s.  m.  JAX.  2i,  was.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


47 


This  volume  was  published  nearly  a  century 
after  Bradford's  death,  which  occurred  in 
1555,  in  the  reign  of  Queen  Mary.  As  Foxe 
and  Fuller  are  not  mentioned  by  the  learned 
editor  of  the  above-quoted  '  Biographical 
Notice,'  I  conclude  that  the  story  is  not  found 
in  their  pages.  JOHN  T.  CURRY. 

EXTRAORDINARY  TIDE  IN  THE  THAMES.— 
I  hope  you  will  find  room  in  your  valuable 
paper  for  the  subjoined  paragraph  from 
The  Times  of  9  January,  in  which  is  recorded 
the  phenomenal  tide  in  the  Thames  on 
Saturday,  the  7th  inst.  : — 

"An  extraordinary  tide  was  seen  in  the  Thames 
on  Saturday  afternoon.  It  should  not  have  been 
high  water  at  Putney  Bridge  until  about  a  quarter  to 
four,  but  the  river  bed  was  full  at  midday.  Moreover, 
although  there  was  a  partial  ebb  and  flow  twice, 
there  was  practically  no  diminution  of  the  quantity 
of  water  up  to  the  usual  time  for  the  ebb  according 
to  the  tide  table.  This  is  an  occurrence  which  has 
not  previously  happened  in  living  memory  above 
London  Bridge,  although  there  is  a  record  of  a 
multiple  ebb  and  flow  at  Wapping  Old  Stairs.  At 
half  past  one  the  tide  was  a  foot  higher  than  any  spring 
tide  in  recent  years.  Shortly  after  this  the  water 
began  to  recede  towards  the  sea,  and  flowed  in  that 
direction  for  about  half  an  hour.  Then  the  tide 
again  turned,  and  it  was  feared  that  the  water 
would  overflow  the  banks  of  the  river.  The  tide 
rose  slightly  higher,  but  at  a  quarter  past  three  the 
ebb  set  in,  and  the  water  rapidly  went  eastward. 
Though  at  one  time  grave  apprehension  was  felt 
lest  the  banks  should  be  submerged,  the  water 
fortunately  lowered  about  the  usual  hour,  and 
no  damage  appears  to  have  been  done." 

W.  J.  M. 

ROBERT  BLOOMFIELD.— At  9th  S.  xii.  364  I 
was  allowed  to  insert  a  short  note  concerning 
Bloomfield's  grave  and  certain  portraits  of 
the  poet  which  were  sold  after  his  death.  I 
am  able  now  to  report  the  erection  of  a 
memorial  tablet  on  the  house  at  Shefford, 
Bedfordshire,  in  which  Bloomfield  died.  It 
•was  unveiled  by  the  donor,  Miss  Constance 
Isherwood,  daughter  of  theRev.Richardlsher- 
wood,  rector  of  Meppershall,  on  4  May,  1904, 
and  a  full  account  of  the  proceedings  appeared 
in  The  Bedfordshire  Times  of  6  May.  The 
tablet  bears  the  following  inscription  : — 

"Robert  Bloomfield,  Pastoral  Poet,  died  here 
August  19,  1823.  Erected  by  Constance  Isherwood, 
Meppershall  Rectory,  1904." 

The  tablet  was  placed  on  the  house  by 
permission  of  the  present  owner,  Mr.  A. 
Barker. 

It  appears  that  a  contemporary  portrait 
of  Bloomfield  is  located  at  Shefford.  From 
the  descriptive  report  of  the  unveiling  of  the 
memorial  tablet  in  The  Bedfordshire  Times  I 
copy  the  following  paragraph  : — 

"Before  the  ceremony  begins  we  have  time  to 
stroll  about  the  wide  clean  street  of  this  quaint  yet 


smart  little  town,  and  attention  is  soon  arrested 
by  a  portrait  of  Bloomfield  in  the  shop  window 
of  Mr.  Alfred  Thomas  Inskip,  the  watchmaker. 
Without  more  ado  we  wait  upon  Mr.  Inskip,  and 
learn  from  him  that  his  grandfather  was  on  very 
friendly  terms  with  the  poet.  Indeed,  their 
intimacy  continues,  for  they  lie  side  by  side  in  the 
churchyard.  The  portrait  is  a  mezzotint,  and  on 
the  back  of  it  are  these  words,  in  the  writing  of 
Thomas  Inskip  the  grandfather :  '  Mr.  Bloomfield 
himself  told  me  that  the  most  correct  likeness  of 
him  ever  painted  was  done  by  Peele  &  Son  to  the 
proprietor  of  The  Mammoth.  He  painted  it  whilst 
resident  in  England  and  took  it  away  with  him  to 
America,  after  promising  it  to  the  author.  It  is 
now  hanging  in  the  museum  at  Philadelphia.' 
Whether  we  are  to  infer  that  this  mezzotint  is  a 
copy  of  the  painting  is  an  open  question,  but  it  has 
the  appearance  of  being  a  good  portrait." 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 
West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

"  GUTTA  CAVAT  LAPIDEM  NON  VI   SED  S.EPE 

CADENDO." — In  '  Polydori  Vergilii  Adagiorum 
Opus,'  Basilese,  1550,  p.  369,  Xo.  464,  is  the 
following  : — 

Lapides  excayant  aquse. 

Job.  cap.  xiiii.  proverbiali  figura  dicit,  Lapides 
excavant  aquas.  Res  mira,  ut  durities  lapidis  emol- 
liatur  aqua  :  id  tamen  gutta  facit,  non  bis,  sed  stepe 
cadendo. 

It  would  appear  that  Polydore  Vergil  had 
the  proverb  in  his  mind  when  he  wrote  the 
above  ;  but  "non  bis"  in  place  of  "  non  vi " 
is  interesting.  It  is,  perhaps,  only  an  accident 
that  the  words  "durities  "  to  "  cadendo " read 
somewhat  like  a  pentameter  and  a  hexameter, 
although,  if  so  taken,  there  would  be  several 
false  quantities.  Concerning  the  proverb 
see  5th  S.  viii.  513,  where  are  early  examples, 
illustrations,  and  many  references  to  former 
notes.  ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

MARVELL'S  POEMS  AND  SATIRES.— A  new 
edition  of  these  has  recently  appeared,  which 
is  said  to  contain  "some  long  passages  and 
many  important  new  readings  from  manu- 
scripts acquired  by  the  British  Museum "  ; 
there  is  nothing  whatever  to  indicate  where 
in  the  volume  these  are  to  be  found,  though  my 
object  in  writing  this  note  is  not  to  complain 
of  this  omission,  but  to  protest  against  the 
perpetuation  of  a  stupid  emendation  in  the 
lines  on  '  Paradise  Lost,'  which  is  said  to  be 
due  to  Capel  Lofft.  Marvell,  it  will  be 
remembered,  has  been  decrying  the  allure- 
ments of  "  tinkling  rhyme,"  and  continues  : — 
I  too,  transported  by  the  mode,  offend, 
And  while  I  meant  to  praise  thee,  must  commend. 

One  would  have  supposed  that  the  meaning 
of  those  lines  was  sufficiently  clear,  but,  for 
some  inscrutable  reason,  Lofft,  who  has  been 
followed  by  Mr.  Aitken  (in  the  first  issue 
only  of  his  volumes)  and  the  editor  of  this 


48 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,      [io»  s.  in.  JAN.  21.  UGG. 


new  edition,  thought  that  "mis-commend" 
for  "  must  commend  "  would  be  an  improve- 
ment, and  thus  destroyed  the  point  of  the 
couplet.  The  editor  of  Crashaw  who  intro- 
duced us  to  the  "follower  of  one  Areopagus  " 
('  IST.  &  Q.,'  9th  S.  xii.  87)  seemed  likely  to 
hold  the  record  as  an  annotator  for  some 
time,  but  I  am  inclined  to  think  that  he  will 
have  to  yield  to  the  new  editor  of  Marvell. 
The  latter,  finding  in  Mr.  Aitken's  edition 
('  Upon  Appleton  House,'  11.  443-4) 

A  levelled  space,  as  smooth  and  plain, 
As  clothes  for  Lilly  stretched  to  stain, 

instead  of  printing  "cloths"  for  "clothes," 
and  telling  those  who  might  be  ignorant  of 
the  fact  that  "  Lilly  "  was  the  common  way 
of  spelling  Sir  Peter  Lely's  surname,  an- 
notates it  (Lilly)  thus  :  "  A  well-known  dyer 
of  the  age."  G.  THORN  DRURY. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  sent  to  them 
direct. 

EIGHTEENTH  -  CENTURY  AND  OLDER  PLAYS. 
— I  wish  to  find  out  whether  the  first  editions 
of  any  of  the  following  plays  are  in  existence, 
and  where  they  may  be  found  : — 

I.  PRINTED. 

1.  Anon.,  'The  Arcadian  Nuptials,'  1764. 

2.  John  Ozell,  '  Melicerta.' 

3.  Richard  Ticknell,  '  Gentle  Shepherd,'  1781. 

4.  Henry  Norris,  '  The  Deceit,'  1723. 

5.  W.  Hawkins,  '  The  Enlisted  Shepherds,'  1786. 

6.  John  Hughes,  '  Cupid  and  Hymen,'  1735. 

7.  Joseph  Waller,  'Love  in  a  Cottage,'  1785. 

J3.  Archibald  Steele,  '  The  Shepherd's  Wedding,' 
1789. 

9.  Lady  Craven  (Eliz.  Fitzhardinge),  '  The  Arca- 
dian Pastoral,'  1782. 

10.  Josiah  Cunningham,  '  The  Royal  Shepherds,' 
1765. 

11.  Colley  Cibber,  '  Myrtillo,'  1716  ed. 

II.  PROBABLY  NOT  PRINTED. 

1.  Th.  Shrapter,  '  The  Fugitive,'  1790. 

2.  John  Speed,  '  Stonehenge,'  1635. 

3.  Charles  Bonnor, '  The  Gentle  Laird.' 

4.  Anon.,  '  Whitsuntide ;  or,  the  Clown's  Con- 
tention,' 1722. 

5.  Anon.,  'Philander  and  Rose,'  1785. 

6.  Matthew  Fielde,  'Vertumnus  and  Pomona,' 
1782. 

7.  Anon.,  'Lynce  and  Pollidore,'  1781. 

8.  Anon.,  'Dioue,'  1733. 

9.  D.  D.,  Gent.,  'The  Faithful  Shepherd,'  1633. 

10.  Theophilus  Cibber, '  Damon  and  Daphne,'  1733. 

11.  James  Cobb,  'The  Shepherdess  of  Cheapside,' 
1796. 

12.  Alex.  Pennecuik,  '  Corydon  and  Cochrania,' 
1723. 

13.  George  Linley,  '  Gentle  Shepherd,'  1781. 


14.  Wm.  Houghton   (or  Haughton)   and  Henry 
Chettle,  '  The  Arcadian  Virgin,'  1599. 

15.  Ant.  Davidson,  '  The  Shepherd  of  Snowdon.' 

16.  John  Maxwell,  '  The  Shepherd's  Opera,'  1739. 

17.  Richard  Graves, '  Echo  and  Narcissus,'  1774. 

18.  Anon.,  '  Chace,'  1773. 

19.  John  O'Keefe,  'Colin's  Welcome.' 

20.  Anon., '  Arbanes ;  or,  the  Enamoured  Prince.' 

21.  Rob.  Dodsley,  '  The  Extravagant  Shepherd.' 

22.  William  Shirley,  '  The  Shepherd's  Courtship.' 

JEANNETTE  A.  MARKS. 
South  Hadley,  Mass. 
[Of  some  of  these  the  songs  only  were  printed.] 

CHARLES  I.  IN  SPAIN.— Est-ce  que  quelque 
obligeant  lecteur  de  '  N.  &  Q.'  pourrait  m'in- 
diquer  quels  sont  les  ouvrages  anglais  ou  je 
pourrais  trouver  d'amples  details  sur  le  voyage 
dramatique  que  fit  Charles  I.  en  1623  en 
Espagne,  etant  Prince  de  Galles,  pour  con- 
naitre  1'Infante  Marie,  sceur  de  Philippe  IV.  ? 

Dans  les  livres  espagnols  qui  ont  ete  a  ma 
porte'e,  je  ne  trouve  que  des  relations  tres- 
limitees,  quoique  les  fetes  se  succedereut 
pendant  les  six  mois  que  dura  le  sejour  du 
Prince  a  Madrid ;  et  certes,  ce  ne  fut  pas  la 
moins  originale  la  procession  des  mqines  de 
toutes  les  communautes  religieuses,  citee  par 
Don  Angel  Fernandez  de  los  Rios  dans  son 
'  Guide  de  Madrid,'  lesquels  avec  grand  re- 
cueillement ;  silencieux  et  en  contemplation, 
portant  des  Christs  dans  les  mains,  les  figures 
couvertes  de  cendre  et  les  tetes  couronnees 
d'e'pines  ou  d'herses,  avec  de  grandes  croix 
sur  les  epaules ;  les  uns  se  frappant  les 
poitrines  avec  de  grosses  pierres  et  les  autres 
portant  des  os  humains  dans  leurs  bouches 
comme  signe  de  mortification,  defilerent  de- 
vant  toute  la  cour  le  Vendredi  saint  de  cette 
annee. 

Outre  la  correspondance  particuliere  du 
Prince  avec  son  pere,  il  est  probable  que  les 
impressions  personnelles  du  Due  de  Bucking- 
ham ou  de  quelqu'autre  personnage  de  la 
suite  aient  ete  publiees,  et  la  sans  doute 
seront  rapportees  abondamment  leurs  rela- 
tions sur  les  mceurs  et  coutumes  de  la  cour 
d'Espagne  a  cette  epoque-la. 

Je  me  fais  un  plaisir  de  croire  qu'entre  les 
erudits  collaborateurs  de  'N.  &  Q/  il  s'en 
trouvera  qui  voudront  bien  me  renseigner,  ne 
fussent  que  par  des  simples  references  biblio- 
graphiques,  dont  je  les  remercie  d'avance,  et 
que  je  lirais  toujours  avec  plaisir. 

FLORENCIO  DE  UHAGON. 

46,  Gran  Via,  Bilbao,  Espagne. 

FARMER  OF  HARTSHILL.  —  Could  _  any  of 
your  readers  give  me  information  re- 
specting the  family  of  Farmer  of  Hartshill, 
Warwickshire  ?  Their  pedigree  was  recorded 
in  the  Visitation  of  1680.  It  was  printed 
privately  by  the  Rev.  G.  W.  Dash  wood,  but 


io»  s.  in.  JAX.  21, 1905.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


49 


the  book  does  not  appear  to  be  in  the  British 
Museum.  I  wish  to  trace  a  Thomas  Farmer 
of  Atherstone  (1640-76),  who  I  think  was 
of  this  family.  A.  J.  C.  GUIMARAENS. 

DANISH   SURNAMES.  —  Is  it   known   from 
what  sources  the  ancient  Danes  and  Norse 
men  obtained  their  names  ?    Did  they  adopt 
place-names?  and  were  surnames  known  to 
them?  G.  H.  W. 

DUELLING. — Can  any  one  supply  the  name 
of  the  author  of  the  following  small  book  ? — 

"  The  British  Code  of  Duel :  a  Reference  to  the 
Laws  of  Honour,  and  the  Character  of  a  Gentle 
man,  &c.  London,  Knight  &  Lacey,  1824.  12mo." 

It  is  entered  in  the  British  Museum 
Catalogue,  but  without  author's  name.  Hal- 
kett  and  Laing  do  not  mention  it. 

C.  W.  S. 

EDMOND  AND  EDWARD. — Were  the  above 
names  used  indifferently  in  mediseyal  times 
for  the  same  person  ?  I  have  seen  it  stated, 
but  have  no  proof,  that  the  names  were  so 
confused.  FRANCESCA. 

JOHN  COPE,  ENGRAVER,  OF  DUBLIN  AND 
LONDON. — Who  was  he?  and  what  did  he 
engrave?  (Mrs.)  HAUTENVILLE  COPE. 

13c,  Hyde  Park  Mansions,  W. 

"GOD    CALLED    UP    FROM    DREAMS."— I    am 

anxious  to  learn  the  author  of  the  following, 
and  where  it  is  to  be  found  : — 

"God  called  up  from  dreams  a  man  in  the  vesti- 
bule of  heaven,  and  said  unto  him,  'Come  thou 
hither  and  see  the  glory  of  My  house,'  and  to  the 
angels  that  stood  around  the  throne  He  said, '  Take 
from  off  him  his  robe  of  flesh.' " 

I_believe  it  was  quoted  by  Proctor  in  one  of 
his  works,  in  which  he  said,  "  It  seems  as  if 
the  dream  of  the  German  poet  was  right 
when  he  said,  God  called,"  &c.  J.  M. 

"AND  HAS  IT  COME  TO  THIS?"  —  Can  any 
of  your  readers  say   where  in  Mr.  Watts- 
Dunton's  works  the  following  lines  occur  ? 
And  has  it  come  to  this  ?    Long  since,  they  sold 
Britannia,  fettered,  to  their  harlot,  Gain  ; 
Bartered  her — bound  her  in  a  golden  chain — 
Nay,  trampled  our  great  Queen  in  mire  of  gold. 

KELSO. 

"  As  SUCH."— I  find  this  expression  con- 
stantly used  in  the  letters  of  my  grandfather, 
William  Fowler  (1795-1820),  in  the  sense  of 
"  accordingly."  For  example :  "  I  shall  want 
plates  of  all  descriptions  colouring.  As  such, 
if  J.  and  F.  have  time,  they  may  colour  any 
of  Jihe  engravings  that  are  now  printed "  ; 
"  Your  letters  have  been  received  regularly 
as  such  I  am  thankful."  I  thought  it 


might  be  peculiar  to  W.  F.,  until  I  found  a 
letter  introducing  him  to  Benjamin  West, 
from  the  Rev.  William  Peters,  8  January, 
1807,  worded  thus  : — 

"  Your  preeminent  merit  as  an  artist  and  worth 
as  a  man  must  make  every  ingenious  son  of  science 
look  up  to  you  for  countenance  and  protection. 
As  such  I  have  the  pleasure  to  recommend  to  your 
notice  Mr.  Fowler." 

I  do  not  find  this  use  of  "as  such "  in  the 
'N.E.D.'  Is  it  known  in  other  writings  of 
the  period,  or  in  literature  ?  J.  T.  F. 

Winterton. 

HERALDIC  MOTTOES. — What  book  contains 
the  fullest  and  most  authentic  alphabetical 
list  of  mottoes  ?  I  know  nothing  since  C.  N. 
Elvin's  '  Handbook  of  Mottoes,1  I860,  of 
which,  if  no  one  else  comes  forward  or  has 
the  author's  rights,  I  am  prepared  to  under- 
take a  new  edition ;  of  course  with  all 
possible  assistance  from  'N.  &  Q.'  I  am 
acquainted  with  the  list  in  'Burke's  Peerage' 
and  in  Mr.  J.  A.  Mair's  '  Book  of  Proverbs.' 

C.  S. 

SAILORS'  CHANTIES.  — Is  it  possible  to 
discover  the  origin  of  these  sea  choruses, 
and  when  they  were  first  sung  and  invented  ? 
I  have  Miss  L.  A.  Smith's  '  The  Music  of  the 
Waters,'  which  does  not  afford  the  infor- 
mation I  seek.  I  cannot  trace  "  chantie  "  in 
any  dictionary.  S.  J.  A,  F. 

['Slang  and  its  Analogues'  says:  "Obviously  a 
diminutive  of  chant,  a  song."  The  earliest  reference 
is  to  an  article  on  '  Sailors'  >?hanties  and  Sea-Songs,' 
Chambers' a  Journal,  11  Dec.,  1869,  pp.  794-6.] 

"  GOD  REST  YOU  MERRY."— In  a  well-known 
carol  the  first  line — 

God  rest  you  merry, 


is  generally  seen  written  with  the  comma 
after  the  word  you.  But  is  not  "  God  rest 
you  merry  "  an  old  English  expression  ?  If 
so,  the  word  "merry"  should  not  be  separated 
:rom  the  verb  by  a  comma,  as  if  it  were 
in  adjective  qualifying  the  noun.  I  should 
36  glad  of  information  on  this  point. 

B.  C.  W.  A. 

"  GOSPEL  OF  FATNESS." — Who  invented  this 
phrase?  MEDICULUS. 

GOLDSMITH'S  'EDWIN  AND  ANGELINA.'— I 
mve  in  my  possession  a  book  called  'The 

Quiz,  by  a  Society  of  Gentlemen.1    It  was 

ipparently  first  published  in  periodical  form 
n  1797.  The  fifteenth  paper  of  this  work  is 

entitled  'A  Plagiarism  of  Dr.  Goldsmith's.' 
The  sum  of  this  is  that  the  author  asserts 
hat  Goldsmith's  'Edwin  and  Angelina'  is  an 

almost  literal  translation  of  a  French  ballad 


50 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io»  B.  IIL  JAK.  a,  MOB. 


called  'Raimond  et  Angeline,'  which  first 
appeared  in  a  novel  entitled  '  Les  Deux 
Habitants  de  Lozanne,'  printed  in  1606.  The 
book,  the  writer  says, 

"  is  very  rare,  the  volume  that  I  have  read  being 
the  only  one  that  I  ever  saw  :  I  am  sorry  that  it  is 
not  now  in  my  possession  :  it  being  the  property  of 
the  Duchess  di  Levia,  who  I  believe  is  at  present 
in  Italy.  Most  probably  Goldsmith,  in  his  wander- 
ings over  the  continent,  had  met  with  this  little 
work,  and  being  struck  with  its  merit  had  first 
translated  it  for  its  beauty,  and  then,  relying  on' 
the  obscurity  of  the  author,  published  it  as  his  own. 

Dr.  Goldsmith  hath  interwoven  many  stanzas 

which  are  in  themselves  beautiful  ;  yet  for  my 
part,  I  am  better  pleased  with  the  compressed 
length  of  the  French  ballad,  and  think  it,  upon  the 
whole,  infinitely  more  perfect." 

The  writer  then  prints  the  French  ballad 
of  which  he  says  he  has    modernized    the 
spelling.    The  following  is  the  first  stanza 
exactly  as  it  appears  in  the  book  : — 
Entens  ma  voix  gamesante, 
Habitant  de  ces  vallons  ! 
Guide  me  march  tremblante, 

Qui  se  perd  dans  les  buissons  : 
N'est  il  pas  quelque  chaumiere, 

Dans  le  fond  de  ce  reduit ; 
Ou  je  vois  une  lumiere, 
Perce  1'ombre  de  la  nuit. 

Is  all  this  an  elaborate  piece  of  mystification  1 
Upon  the  whole,  it  seems  most  likely  that  it 
is.  At  least  we  can  hardly  consider  it  to  be 
anything  else  until  a  copy  of  '  Les  Deux 
Habitants  de  Lozanne,'  including  the  ballad, 
is  discovered.  BERTRAM  DOBELL. 

'NOTES  ON  THE  BOOK  OP  GENESIS,'  BY 
C.  H.  M.— Who  is  the  author  of  this  book  ? 
The  third  edition  was  published  by  George 
Morrish,  24,  Warwick  Lane,  Paternoster 
Row,  in  1862.  The  author  dates  from  Dublin. 

E.  R. 

PIG  HANGING  A  MAN.— In  turning  over  the 
pages  of  William  Hone's  '  Table  Book '  we 
have  come  on  the  following  story.  '  N.  &  Q.' 
has  recorded  many  instances  of  a  similar 
punishment  befalling  a  sheepstealer,  but  we 
do^not  call  to  mind  any  other  case  where  the 
office  of  executioner  devolved  upon  a  pig. 
If  there  be  any  such,  it  would  be  doing  a 
good  work  to  record  them  in  these  pages. 

"  S wine  Harry.— This  is  the  name  of  a  field  on 
the  side  of  Pinnow,  a  hill  in  Lothersdale,  in  Craven  ; 
and  is  said  to  have  derived  its  name  from  the 
following  singular  circumstance.  A  native  of  the 
valley  was  once,  at  the  dead  of  night,  crossing 
the  field  with  a  pig  which  he  had  stolen  from  a 
neighbouring  farmyard;  he  led  the  obstinate 
animal  by  a  rope  tied  to  its  leg,  which  was  noosed 
at  the  end  where  the  thief  held  it.  On  comin"  to 
a  ladder-style  in  the  field,  being  a  very  corpulent 
man,  and  wishing  to  have  both  hands  at  liberty, 
but  not  liking  to  release  the  pig,  he  transferred 


the  rope  from  his  hands  to  his  neck  ;  but  when  he 
reached  the  topmost  step  his  feet  slipped,  the  pig 
pulled  hard  on  the  other  side,  the  noose  tightened, 
ind  the  following  morning  he  was  found  dead.  I 
believe  this  story  to  be  a  fact.  It  was  told  me  by 
an  aged  man,  who  said  it  happened  in  his  father's 
time.  Sept.  2,  1827.  T.  Q.  M." 

Is  there  any  field  called  Swine  Harry  in 
Lothersdale?  and  does  this  tale  attach  to 
it  at  the  present  time  1  N.  M.  &  A. 

ARITHMETIC.— I  ask  the  help  of  readers  to 
identify  an  old  arithmetic,  of  which  title  and 
prefatory  matter  are  missing.  It  is  a  small  4to 
of  178  pp.,  adorned  with  a  beautifully  en- 
graved plate  for  each  portion  of  the  subject, 
e.g., '  Addition,'  '  Division,'  &c.  These  plates 
are  in  facsimile  MS.  of  the  most  ornate  and 
flourishing  description,  introducing  nonde- 
script angels,  fishes,  eagles,  &c.  (drawn  by 
one  continuous  stroke  of  the  pen),  such  as 
were  regarded  as  the  acme  of  calligraphic 
achievement  in  the  olden  days  of  ornamental 
penmanship.  The  book  embraces  fractions, 
'  Merchants'  Accompts,'  foreign  money  tables, 
book-keeping,  ledger  examples,  &c.  The  last, 
being  dated  1694,  may  furnish  a  clue  to  the 
date.  Several  signatures  of  various  members 
of  the  Savery  family,  of  "  Pawlett,  co.  Som.," 
occur,  the  earliest  being  that  of  "Thomas 
Savery,  1716."  0.  KING. 

Torquay. 

"  T.  D."— Profs.  Greenough  and  Kittredge, 
in  their  'Words  and  their  Ways'  (1902), 
p.  252,  speak  of  "the  labourer  engaged  in 
laying  a  watermain  and  in  smoking  his 
1  T.  D.' "  What  does  this  abbreviation  mean  ? 
It  apparently  refers  to  some  kind  of  pipe. 

J.  DORMER. 

RICHARD  WARREN. — Can  any  correspondent 
say  if  Richard  Warren,  of  "  Cleybury,"  Essex, 
had  issue  by  his  wife  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 
Sir  Rowland  Hay  ward,  Lord  Mayor  of  Lon- 
don in  1570 1  WM.  JACKSON  PIGOTT. 

Manor  House,  Dundrum,  co.  Down. 

MUNICIPAL  DOCUMENTS. — What  has  become 
of  the  documents  that  accompanied  the  Report 
of  Commissioners  appointed  to  inquire  into 
the  Municipal  Corporations  in  England  and 
Wales  ('Parl.  Papers,'  1835,  vols.  xxiii.-xxvi.)? 
Lists  of  the  documents  sent  are  appended  to 
the  respective  reports  of  each  borough,  and 
as  a  class  they  appear  to  be  an  invaluable 
source  for  students  of  British  municipal 
history.  Where  are  they  ?  Can  any  one 
oblige  with  a  clue  ?  A.  L. 

"  JE  NE  VIENS  QU'EN  MOURANT." — To  what 
family  is  this  motto  ascribed  1  The  symbol 
is  an  oak-leaf.  W.  B.  GERISH. 

Bishop's  Stortford. 


io-s.m.jAx.21,1905.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


51 


SPLIT   INFINITIVE. 
(10th  S.  ii.  406  ;  iii.  17.) 

THE  condemnation  of  the  split  infinitive 
seems  so  devoid  of  adequate  justification  that, 
personally,  I  am  accustomed  to  look  upon  it 
as  merely  idiosyncratic.  The  use  of  the  idiom 
can  be  defended  on  various  grounds,  not  the 
least  substantial  of  which  is  the  need  of 
allowing  language  that  freedom  from  purely 
artificial  restraints  which  it  continually  and 
successfully  claims.  No  learned  academy  or 
body  of  critics  is  powerful  enough  to  cramp 
and  tie  down  a  language  to  a  particular  mode 
of  expression,  for,  to  use  a  theological  phrase, 
it  will  "  work  out  its  own  salvation,"  in 
defiance,  if  need  be,  of  grammar.  We  may 
be  sure,  therefore,  that  the  most  virulent 
slating  will  not  effect  the  destruction  of  the 
split  infinitive  if  this  really  is  syntactically 
advantageous. 

The  trouble  over  this  matter  is  but  slightly 
based  on  the  adverbial  nature  of  the  qualifi- 
cation. The  infinitive  is,  strictly  speaking,  a 
verbal  substantive  to  which  is  affixed  the 
dative  preposition  "to";  and  in  order  to 
determine  the  legitimacy  of  splitting  it,  it  is 
best,  as  COL.  PRIDEAUX  remarks,  to  collate 
the  infinitives  of  compound  verbs.  Now, 
whether  the  first  elements  of  long-used 
compound  verbs,  such  as  believe,  forgive,  &c., 
were  originally  prepositional  or  not,  we 
are  fully  justified  in  regarding  the  bulk  of 
similarly  constituted  verbs  as  consisting  of 
an  adverb  joined  to  a  verb,  especially  in  such 
cases  as  fore-shadoiv,  fore-shorten,  uprise,  over- 
throw, forthcome,  underlie,  &c.,  where  the 
nature  of  the  first  syllables  is  clear.  No  one 
challenges  the  adverbial  qualification  of  an 
unsplit  infinitive,  or  the  predication  of  some- 
thing about  an  infinitive  which  includes  an 
adverbial  prefix,  even  if  this  be  merely 
hyphened.  It  therefore  appears  highly 
illogical  to  deny  that  an  infinitive  may  be 
legitimately  split  by  an  adverb  which  does 
not  happen  to  be  actually  glued  on  to  the  verb. 

The  difficulty,  in  reality,  is  one  which 
concerns  the  length  of  the  unattached  adverb. 
There  is  a  subtle  feeling  that  the  balance  of 
the  sentence  is  in  danger  of  being  destroyed 
if  the  verb  is  made  top-heavy  by  placing  a 
trisyllabic  or  polysyllabic  advero  within 
the  infinitive.  Adverbs  of  one  or  two 
syllables  readily  adhere  to  the  verb  as 
prefixes,  and  thus  disguise  their  reprobate 
individualities.  But  it  is  generally  assumed 
that  there  is  no  glue  strong  enough  to  make 
such  processional  words  as  circumstantially, 


extraordinarily,  disproportionately,  and  the 
like,  stick  within  the  split  infinitive,  and 
therefore  they  must  be  trailed  after  verbs 
like  cartloads  of  bricks.  The  majority  of  the 
adverbs  in  common  use,  however,  do  not 
attain  such  unwieldly  dimensions,  and  may 
well  be  admitted  within  the  split  infinitive, 
especially  if  clarity  of  apprehension  is 
promoted  thereby.  And  surely  the  idiom  is 
not  to  be  pilloried  if  it  serves  to  make  the 
sentence  more  harmonious — as,  for  instance,  in 
"He  decided  to  rapidly  march  on  the  town/' 
where  "to  march  rapidly"  is  certainly  less 
pleasing  to  the  ear.  From  such  considerations 
as  these  I  therefore  infer  that  the  split 
infinitive  does  not  merit  the  censure  which 
critics  frequently  bestow  on  it. 

J.  DORMER. 

Some  time  ago  a  certain  critic  fell  foul  of 
me  for  one  solitary  use  of  the  phrase  "  from 
whence,"  and  the  consequent  correspondence 
in  *  N.  &  Q.'  called  forth  a  strong  reply  from 
PROF.  SKEAT,  justifying  the  use  in  any  case, 
and  sternly  denouncing  our  cocksure  critic 
of  these  latter  days.  But  the  same  critic 
blamed  me  also  for  having  split  on  the  rock 
of  the  split  infinitive,  an  example  of  which 
doubtless  existed  somewhere  in  my  book  of 
500  pages,  though  I  failed  to  find  it.  I  am, 
therefore,  keenly  interested  in  this  discussion. 
I  note  that  COL.  PRIDEAUX,  at  the  last  refer- 
ance,  gives  examples  only  of  infinitives  in 
the  present  tense.  But  what  about  the  past 
infinitive]  "To  have  gloriously  died  for 
one's  country,"  for  example,  rings  true  enough. 
But  is  it  right  ?  And  if  so,  why  not  "  to 
gloriously  die  "  ?  It  is  not  the  to  which  is 
modified,  and  it  is  not  have,  but  die  and  died. 
CHARLES  SWYNNERTOX. 

First  of  all  "  split  infinitive "  is  a  mis- 
nomer. The  infinitive  is  not  split,  but  is  split 
in  the  position  of  its  qualifying  adverb  in 
question  from  its  preposition  to,  which  in 
origin,  though  not  in  present  function,  is  the 
same  as  that  expressing  direction.  "I  am 
ready  to  go"  meant  ad  eundum,  a  aller, 
zum  Gehen.  Historical  reasons  cannot  be 
adduced  against  inserting  the  adverb  between 
to  and  its  infinitive,  because  it  occurs  as  early 
as  Wicliff;  nor  logical  ones  either,  as  no 
position  can  point  out  more  clearly  to  which 
word  the  adverb  refers. 

Further,  analogous  positions  of  qualifica- 
tions are  common  in  English,  as  COL.  PRIDEAUX 
justly  remarks.  His  examples  are  :  "  to  be 
thoroughly  spoilt,"  "  he  has  publicly  asked 
for  something,"  "he  has  been  publicly  con- 
gratulated." He  might  have  added  :  "he 
fully  admits,"  "  at  exactly  the  same  hour," 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,      cio*  s.  m.  JA*.  21, 1905. 


"  with  scarcely  a  shirt  on  his  back,"  "the  con- 
quest by  Pizzaro  of  Peru."  I  agree  with  him 
also  in  not  believing  in  French  influence  in 
the  making  of  this  form.  "  II  ne  peut  pas 
entrer  dans  notre  intention  de  seulement 
effleurer  ici  les  differentes  faces  de  cette  ques- 
tion," owes  its  origin  to  the  same  tendency 
towards  clearness  and  succinctness  as  "  I  am 
bound  to  fully  admit  that  I  was  mistaken." 

G.  KRUEGER. 

COL.  PRIDEAUX  congratulates  MR.  EDWARD 
SMITH  on  having  "introduced  the  split  in- 
finitive to  these  columns,  because  we  may 
now  hope  to  have  an  authoritative  pronounce- 
ment on  _  the  subject."  But  the  first  such 
introduction  was  just  forty-three  years  ago, 
when,  in  3rd  S.  i.  88,  that  long-valued  corre- 
spondent HERMENTRUDE,  under  the  heading 
'Wrong  Position  of  the  Adverb,'  protested 
against  "  the  placing  of  the  adverb  between 
the  preposition  and  the  verb  :  e.g.,  *  We  are 
anxious  to  entirely  get  rid  of  it.'"  It  was 
added,  "  Will  no  influential  grammarian 
arrest  this  Transatlantic  intruder  into  the 
Queen's  English,  and  banish  it  from  good 
society  and  correct  diction,  for  the  term  of 
its  natural  life  ? "  But,  alas  !  the  split  in- 
finitive—who gave  it  that  name,  and  when  ? — 
is  with  us  still.  ALFRED  F.  BOBBINS. 

The  subject  was  discussed  some  time  ago 
in  'N.  &  Q.'  The  late  DR.  FITZEDWARD 
HALL  found  many  instances  of  the  split 
infinitive  in  the  works  of  excellent  authors, 
but  none,  I  think,  in  the  works  of  Shak- 
speare  or  Milton.  I  am  of  opinion  that  it  is 
best  to  avoid  the  split  infinitive ;  but  it  seems 
to  me  absurd  to  call  it  ungrammatical. 

E.  YARDLEY. 

With  some  trepidation,  and  at  the  risk, 
I  am  afraid,  of  being  accused  of  frivolity,  I 
venture  to  introduce  the  following  story.  It 
is  taken  from  an  article  on  '  The  Provincial 
Humour  of  America '  in  Chambers' s  Journal 
for  March,  1904  :— 

"The  prisoner,  a  faded,  battered  specimen  of 
mankind,  on  whose  haggard  face,  deeply  lined  with 
the  marks  of  dissipation,  there  still  lingered  faint 
reminders  of  better  days  long  past,  stood  dejectedly 
before  the  judge.  '  Where  are  you  from?'  'From 
Boston.'  ' Indeed,' said  the  judge;  'indeed,  yours 
is  a  sad  fall ;  and  yet  you  don't  seem  to  thoroughly 
realize  how  low  you  have  sunk.'  The  man  started 
as  if  struck.  '  Your  honour  does  me  an  injustice,' 
he  said,  bitterly;  '  the  disgrace  of  arrest  for  drunken- 
ness, the  mortification  of  being  thrown  into  a 
noisome  dungeon,  the  publicity  and  humiliation  of 
trial  in  a  crowded  and  dingy  court -room,  I  can 
bear ;  but  to  be  sentenced  by  a  police  magistrate 
who  splits  his  infinitives— that  is  indeed  the  last 
blow." 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 


COLISEUMS  OLD  AND  NEW  (10th  S.  ii.  485, 
529). — A  very  interesting  subject  for  discus- 
sion has  been  introduced  by  MR.  CECIL, 
CLARKE,  for  there  is  frequently  much  difficulty 
in  gaining  any  trustworthy  information  about 
London  buildings  after  they  have  been  de- 
molished. Especially  is  this  so  in  the  case  of  the 
Coliseum,  or  Colosseum,  which  was  situated 
in  Regent's  Park.  I  have  in  my  possession 
one  of  the  catalogues  or  book  of  description, 
issued  in  1845,  when  it  had  changed  proprie- 
tors after  its  attractiveness  had  declined,  and 
there  appeared  "  every  probability  that  this 
truly  magnificent  edifice  would  be  razed  to 
the  ground."  It  may  not  be  undesirable  to 
give  the  title-page  of  this  brochure,  which 
is  as  follows  : — 

"  A  |  Description  |  of  The  Colosseum  |  as  |  Re- 
opened in  M.DCCC.XLV.  |  under  the  Patronage  [  of 
Her  Majesty  the  Queen,  and  H.R.H.  Prince  Albert. 
I  With  numerous  illustrations  and  eight  coloured 
Sections  |  of  |  The  Panorama  of  London,  |  Embossed 
by  Mess"  Dobbs,  Bailey.  &  Co.  |  This  Catalogue 
has  been  prepared  for  the  Proprietor  by  Mess" 
Kronheim  and  Skirring,  Engravers,  and  |  Designers, 
and  the  Illustrations  and  Letter-press  are  printed 
from  Stereotype  plates  cast  by  the  Patent  Process 
of  Mess"  Kronheim  &  Co.,  3,  Earl  Street,  Black- 
friars.  |  London  :— Printed  by  J.  Wertheimer  and 
Co.,  Finsbury  Circus.  |  M.DCCC.XLV." 

Most  of  the  documents  issued  by  showmen 
are  couched  in  grandiloquent  language,  and 
this  catalogue  is  rather  worse  than  such 
things  ordinarily  are.  The  proprietor,  whose 
name  does  not  figure  in  this  book,  says  he 
"consulted  Mr.  William  Bradwell,  of  whose 
taste,  skill,  and  judgment  in  decorative  and 
scenic  effects  he  had  often  witnessed  the 
admirable  results,"  and  under  his  advice  the 
property  was  purchased,  and  he  prepared 
the  plans  for  the  work  to  be  done.  We  are 
told  that  the  "outlay  was  enormous,"  and 
that  the  visitors  would  feel  that  a  higher 
desire  than  "  the  object  of  mere  gain  must 
have  prompted  so  lavish  an  expenditure." 
There  were  two  entrances  :  that  on  the  west, 
under  the  portico  facing  the  Regent's  Park, 
was  originally  the  only  one ;  that  on  the 
east,  in  Albany  Street,  was  formed  when  the 
alterations  were  being  made.  There  was  an 
apartment  newly  constructed  by  Mr.  Brad- 
well,  and  dignified  by  the  fine  -  sounding 
name  "The  Glyptotheca,  or  Museum  of 
Sculpture,"  which  took  the  place  of  a  room 
formerly  known  as  the  "Saloon  of  Arts." 
This  chamber  had  a  frieze  modelled  from  the 
Elgin  marbles,  above  which  were  "twenty 
fresco  paintings  of  allegorical  subjects  on 
panels,"  for  which  Mr.  Absolom  was  answer- 
able. There  were  shown  many  works  of  art 
from  the  studios  of  some  of  the  "most 
eminent  British  and  Foreign  Sculptors." 


io*s.  in.  JAX.  2i,  wo*]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


53 


There  was  an  "  Ascending  Room "  for  the 
use  of  visitors,  which  we  are  told  was 
"  raised  by  secret  machinery  to  the  required 
elevation."  This  was  doubtless  what  we  now 
know  as  a  "  lift,"  which  is  met  with  in  almost 
every  large  building.  The  chief  attraction 
was,  of  course,  the  'Grand  Panorama  of 
London,'  which  this  catalogue  tells  us  was 
'almost  entirely  repainted  by  Mr.  E.  T. 
Parris,"  as,  owing  to  a  variety  of  causes,  that 

gentleman  had  been  prevented  from  "  doing 
imself  complete  justice."    With  reference  to 
this  painting,  it  says  : — 

"This  extraordinary,  and,  in  its  peculiar  style, 
unequalled  effort  of  human  ingenuity  and  perse- 
verance was  projected  and  commenced  by  Mr. 
Homer,  and  completed  by  Mr.  E.  T.  Parris  and 
assistants,  under  the  latter  gentleman's  direction." 

It  will  be  noted  that  the  name  of  Horner 
is  spelt  with  only  one  o,  as  is  the  case  in 
'Old  and  New  London,'  and  not,  as  Elmes 
spelt  it,  "  Hornor." 

The  feature  of  this  catalogue  is  the  eight 
embossed  plates  of  the  panorama,  with  an 
engraved  key-plate  to  each  section.  They 
are  stamped  upon  a  coloured  ground,  show- 
ing the  Thames  in  a  bright  blue,  and  the 
sky  in  pink  and  blue  tints,  making  very 
effective  pictures,  and  helping  one  admirably 
to  form  a  faint  idea  of  what  the  whole  thing 
was  like.  The  buildings  on  the  painting 
seem  to  have  stood  out  well,  notwithstanding 
the  "extreme  inaccuracy  as  to  architectural 
details,"  which  perhaps  in  a  work  of  such 
magnitude  might  almost  be  looked  for.  It 
is  hardly  necessary  to  say  that  the  view  was 
taken  from  a  staging  erected  above  the  dome 
of  St.  Paul's,  which  appeared  immediately 
below  the  spectator's  feet. 

There  were  also  conservatories,  a  Gothic 
aviary,  an  exterior  promenade,  a  repre- 
sentation of  the  Mer  de  Glace,  Mont 
Blanc,  a  mountain  torrent,  and  stalactite 
caverns,  all  of  which  are  duly  pictured  in 
this  little  book.  There  was  also  what  is 
notified  as  being  an  "Entirely  New  and 
Extraordinary  Panorama  of  London  by 
Night,  projected  and  carried  out  by  Mr. 
Win.  Brad  well,  and  painted  by  Mr.  Danson 
and  Mr.  Telbin."  This  was  a  very  fine  work 
of  art,  and  probably  the  truth  was  hardly 
exceeded  when  it  was  proclaimed  "that 
nothing  short  of  reality  can  equal  the 
amazing  coup  d'oeil  before  us."  There  was 
also  a  "Glaciarium"  of  artificial  ice  for  skating 
at  all  seasons  of  the  year,  and  a  camera 
obscura  "  on  a  scale  never  before  attempted," 
presenting  a  "living  moving  picture," 
another  panorama  of  the  north-west  quarter 
of  London.  This  was  sixty  years  ago,  yet 


we  must  say  that  pleasure-seekers  seem  to 
bave  been  well  catered  for  in  those  days,  and, 
making  allowance  for  the  change  of  taste, 
it  is  perhaps  permissible  to  think  that  the 
new  Coliseum  can  hardly  in  some  respects 
give  a  better  entertainment  than  that  pro- 
vided by  the  old  one. 

In  this  catalogue  there  is  no  mention  of 
there  having  been  a  bazaar  upon  the  premises,, 
but  there  may  have  been  one  at  an  earlier 
date;  neither  at  this  later  date  is  there 
any  allusion  to  a  panorama  of  Lisbon  by 
night,  nor  to  the  exhibition  of  the  earthquake 
there  spoken  of  by  MR.  E.  DYSEY.  It  would 
be  of  considerable  interest  if  the  name  of  the 
proprietor  in  1845  could  be  put  on  record. 
W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY. 

Westminster. 

I  can  corroborate  MR.  DYSEY' s  recollections, 
as  I  was  a  frequent  visitor  to  the  old  Colos- 
seum in  the  forties  and  fifties,  when  I  lived 
in  the  neighbourhood.  Although  called  the 
Coliseum  in  some  of  Elmes's  plates,  the 
official  designation  was  "The  Royal  Colos- 
seum." I  still  possess  some  of  the  old  pro- 
grammes, from  which  I  learn  that  the 
"Magnificent  Diorama  of  Paris  by  Night, 
painted  by  Messrs.  Danson,  covering  an  area 
of  Forty-Eight  Thousand  Square  Feet,"  was- 
presented  at  the  evening  entertainment,  and 
the  "  Colossal  Panorama  of  London  by  Day, 
painted  by  E.  T.  Parris,  Esq.,"  and  covering 
the  same  area,  was  exhibited  in  the  morning. 
The  great  earthquake  at  Lisbon  was,  as- 
stated  by  MR.  DYSEY,  shown  in  another  part 
of  the  building ;  but  London  and  Paris, 
though  described  respectively  as  a  panorama, 
and  a  diorama,  were  more  properly  cyclo- 
ramas,  as  they  extended  over  a  circular  area, 
and  were  seen  by  spectators  from  the  centre. 
The  fact  that  London  and  Paris  covered  the 
same  area,  Paris  being  substituted  for  London 
in  the  evening,  may  have  given  rise  to  the 
joke  that  a  portion  of  the  canvas  was  utilized 
for  both  representations.  The  building  was 
a  fine  one,  though  the  dome  was  rather  squat, 
and  it  may  be  doubted  if  Sir  Walter  Gilbey's 
handsome  villa  sufficiently  compensates  for 
its  loss. 

Particulars  about  the  Leicester  Square 
entertainments  will  be  found  in  Tom  Taylor's 
'  Leicester  Square ' ;  vide  the  chapter  on  '  The 
Shows  of  the  Square,'  pp.  447-76. 

W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

The  following  is  extracted  from  The  Times 
of  12  March,  1875  :— 

"The  Last  of  the  Colosseum. —  Her  Majesty's 
Commissioners  of  Works  and  Public  Buildings  have 
at  length  found  a  purchaser  for  the  building  and 
site  of  the  Colosseum,  which  is  now  being  rapidly 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io»  s.  HI.  JAN.  21, 


demolished.  Situated  between  Albany  Street  and 
Regent's  Park  Road,  and  overlooking  the  Park,  the 
present  building  was  erected  in  18'24  by  Mr.  Hornor, 
a  well-known  land  surveyor,  at  a  cost  of  30,000£. 
A  further  sum  of  100,000^  was  expended  by  that 
gentleman  on  the  decorations  of  the  interior  and 
purchase  of  works  of  art.  It  was  then  opened 
with  a  Panorama  of  London,  painted  by  Mr. 
Hornor,  who  made  his  sketches  from  an  observatory 
created  on  the  top  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  the 
painting  covering  over  46,000  square  feet  (more 
than  an  acre)  of  canvas.  In  1843  the  projector 
failed,  and  the  building  passed  into  the  hands  of 
trustees. 

"  In  1845  the  buildings  were  considerably  altered 
•and  remodelled  from  designs  furnished  by  the  late 
Mr.  Bradwell,  Chief  Machinist  at  Covent  Garden, 
when  the  Albany  Street  entrance  was  added,  with 
a  picturesque  armoury  as  an  anteroom.  Upon  the 
stage  passed  the  Cyclorama  of  Lisbon,  depicting  in 
ten  scenes  the  great  Earthquake  of  1755.  Ill 
fortune  attended  this  as  every  other  effort  to  restore 
the  fortunes  of  the  place,  and  for  the  last  twenty 
years  the  building  has  been  gradually  falling  to 
decay.  The  lease  has  been  purchased  by  Mr.  Bird, 
and  on  the  site  a  number  of  residences  will  be 
built/' 

The  Cyclorama  of  Lisbon  was  first  opened 
in  1848  (not  1845).  The  building  then  con- 
tained a  rustic  armoury  or  refreshment 
cottage ;  the  cyclprama  and  music  hall, 
decorated  with  copies  of  three  of  Raphael's 
cartoons  by  Horner ;  and  a  camera  obscura. 
The  exhibition  when  reopened  in  1845  con- 
sisted of  the  Glyptotheca,  or  museum  of 
sculpture ;  a  grand  panorama  of  London, 
painted  by  E.  T.  Parris ;  conservatories ; 
Gothic  aviary  ;  exterior  promenade  with  re- 
productions of  stalactite  caverns,  mountain 
torrents,  &c. ;  and  a  camera  obscura.  The 
evening  exhibition  was  a  panorama  of  '  Lon- 
don by  Night,'  painted  by  Messrs.  Danson  and 
Telbin.  The  grand  panorama  by  Parris  was 
reproduced  in  book  form  in  eight  coloured 
sections,  printed  by  Kronheim  &  Co.,  and 
•embossed  by  Dpbbs,  Bailey  &  Co.,  a  rare  little 
volume.  The  introduction  to  the  text,  after 
reciting  the  history  of  the  building,  pro- 
ceeds, "Some  alterations  were  made  which 
did  not  elevate  its  character  as  a  place  of 
public  amusements."  This  probably  refers  to 
an  artificial  skating  -  rink  arranged  with 
suitable  surroundings,  and  much  frequented 
during  the  summer  of  1842;  vide  Reynold's, 
Leigh's,  Whittock's,  or  Cruchley's  'New 
Picture  of  London  ' ;  Kidd's  '  Guide  to  the 
Lions  of  London,'  &c.  MR.  CECIL  CLARKE 
is  welcome  to  the  loan  of  these  and  several 
others.  ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

39,  Hillmarton  Road,  N. 

The  mention  of  the  Coliseum  forcibly  re- 
minds me  of  the  days  of  my  childhood,  for 
I  can  remember  being  taken  to  see  the 
panoramic  picture  of  London  at  the  Coliseum 


in  1837,  and  wondering  where  my  ball  would 
go,  if  thrown  down  upon  it  from  the  gallery. 

Upon  entering  the  building,  one  passed 
into  the  saloon  festooned  with  draperies  and 
an  awning  of  which  MR.  MACMICHAEL  speaks; 
and  amongst  the  sculptures  and  casts  was 
a  colossal  statue  of  the  last  Earl  Harcourt, 
who  died  in  1830.  Of  this  I  lost  sight  for 
many  years,  until  I  saw  it  placed  at  the 
entrance  of  the  Harcourt  aisle  in  Stan  ton 
Harcourt  Church,  near  Oxford,  and  it  is 
there,  I  suppose,  at  the  present  moment. 
The  earl  lies  ouried  with  many  of  his  ances- 
tors in  the  vault  beneath  the  Harcourt  aisle 
in  that  church. 

A  small  engraving  of  the  Coliseum  was  in 
Leigh's  'New  Picture  of  London,'  a  book 
which  I  have  not  seen  since  that  distant 
time.  It  was  profusely  illustrated  with  en- 
gravings of  buildings  in  London  and  its 
vicinage,  many  of  which  have  since  been 
swept  away.  '  JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

"To  HAVE  A  MONTH'S  MIND"  (10th  S.  ii. 
487). — Among  my  notes  I  find  references 
to  examples  of  this  expression  in  Scott's 
'Journal,'  i.  222  ;  Vanbrugh's  '  Plays,'  i.  333  ; 
Congreve's  '  Plays,'  p.  358 ;  and  to  a  work 
the  title  of  which  I  cannot  decipher.  The 
expression  is  a  common  one,  and  is  explained 
in  the  'Century  Dictionary,'  where  other 
examples  are  given  from  the  '  Paston  Letters,' 
iii.  463  ;  Jeremy  Taylor,  ii.  373  ;  and  Shak- 
spere.  ALBERT  MATTHEWS. 

Boston,  U.S. 

A  post  -  Reformation  example  occurs  in 
Butler's  '  Hudibras,'  I.  ii.  Ill  :— 

For  if  a  trumpet  sound,  or  drum  beat, 
Who  hath  not  a  month's  mind  to  combat  ? 
J.   HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

This  is  explained  as  an  "ardent  desire," 
which  is  only  a  secondary  application  ;  the 
term  really  arose  from  the  Catholic  system 
of  prayers  for  the  dead.  A.  HALL. 

See  6th  S.  vi.  205,  251,  352,  374,  410,  458 
516  ;  vii.  115,  298 ;  viii.  312  ;  9th  S.  vi.  104 
195,  295,  414.  G.  L.  APPERSON. 

Wimbledon. 

This  expression  will  be  found  in  Pepys's 
'  Diary,'  under  date  20  May,  1660  :  "  Though 
I  had  a  month's  mind,  I  had  not  the  boldness 
to  go  to  her." 

SIDNEY  WHITE,  LL.D.,  B.A. 

[MR.  NORMAX  PEARSON  also  refers  to  Pepys.] 

MAZE  AT  SEVILLE  (10th  S.  ii.  508).  — In 
reference  to  the  query  of  ST.  SWITHIN  for  the 
plan  of  a  maze  in  the  pavilion  of  the  Alcazar 


.  in.  JAN.  21,  loos.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


55 


Gardens,  Seville,  I  beg  to  enclose  a  rough 
design  (made  by  myself  from  the  original), 
which  may  be  of  use  to  him.  The  design  is 
said  to  have  been  similar  to  that  of  the  maze 
in  the  garden  itself ;  but  I  cannot  trace  the 
same  plan  through  the  now  neglected  paths 
of  the  labyrinth.  S.  F.  G. 

Seville. 

[Our  contributor's  plan  has  been  forwarded  to 
ST.  SWITHIX.] 

ROMAN  THEATRE  AT  VERULAM  (10th  S.  ii. 
527). — In  the  following  extract  taken  from  an 
article  on  '  Verulamium,'  signed  C.  H.  A., 
which  appeared  in  The  Illustrated  London 
News  of  7  March,  1891,  your  correspondent 
will  find  an  answer  to  his  question  :— 

"  It  is  a  remarkable  coincidence  that  Verulara 
and  Pompeii  resemble  each  other  in  a  marvellous 
degree  as  regards  shape,  dimensions,  arrangement 

of  streets,  and  position  of  buildings The  theatre 

at  Verulam  not  only  occupies  the  same  relative 
position,  but  is,  singularly  enough,  nearly  the  same 
size  as  its  model,  being  193ft.  Sin.  in  diameter, 
against  195  ft.  approximately  in  Pompeii.  The 


the  daytime,  called  upon  the  landlord,  expressing 
his  surprise  at  the  circumstance,  no  person  being  in 
the  house  in  the  daytime.  The  landlord  told  his 
Worship,  that  if  he  would  call  in  the  evening,  his 
curiosity  should  be  amply  gratified;  but  added,  that 
if  the  quality  of  his  beer  was  not  bettered  he  might 
lose  some  of  his  principal  customers.  The  Alderman 
attended,  and,  the  better  to  make  his  observation, 
was  prevailed  on  by  the  landlord  to  put  on  one  of 
his  old  great-coats,  a  slouched  hat,  &c.  He  was 
then,  with  some  apology  by  the  former,  introduced 
into  a  back  room,  nearly  filled  with  the  halt,  the 
lame,  and  the  blind,  who  had  lost  all  their  infirmi- 
ties in  the  plenitude  of  his  porter.  After  the  mutual 
relations  of  their  day's  adventures,  songs,  &c.,  it 
was  proposed,  as  usual,  to  one  of  the  oldest  of  them, 
who  acted  as  President,  to  name  the  supper,  when, 
whether  he  had  not  before  noticed  the  new  guest  or 
not,  fixing  his  eye  on  Mr.  Calvert,  he  exclaimed, 
'For  supper  to-night — I  think  we  must  have  an 
alderman  hung  in  chains  /'  While  this  was  acceded 
to  by  the  whole  company,  the  Alderman,  thinking 
he  was  discovered,  and  that  they  meant  to  use  him 
ill,  made  a  precipitate  retreat  out  of  the  room,  and 
communicated,  with  much  embarrassment,  his  sus- 
picion to  the  landlord  ;  his  apprehension,  however, 
soon  subsided,  aa  before  the  host  could  give  him  an 

._,._     [  explanation,  he  was  called  backwards  to  take  orders 

distance  from  the  stage  to  the  back  is  the  same  in  ,  for  supper,  when,  without  taking  any  notice  of  the 


both  cases.  The  stage  in  the  Italian  theatre  is, 
however,  much  wider  than  in  ours  ;  so  is  the  pro- 
scenium. Both  the  theatres  appear  to  have  been 
richly  adorned  with  frescoes  and  marbles ;  at 
Verulam  slabs  of  the  latter  material  thirteen- 
sixteenths  of  an  inch  thick  are  found.  In  Pompeii, 
a  smaller  theatre  exists  close  to  the  larger  one  ;  in 
Verulam,  foundations  have  been  struck  which  are 
strongly  suspected  to  have  belonged  to  another 
theatre.  Unfortunately  these  interesting  relics  of 
dramatic  art  cannot  be  seen  ;  the  theatre  described 
above  was  excavated  some  forty  years  since,  and 
after  the  dimensions  had  been  taken  the  earth  was 
carefully  replaced." 

Accompanying  the  article  are  several  pic- 
tures and  also  plans  of  ancient  and  modern 
Verulam.  From  these  plans  it  appears  that 
the  position  of  the  theatre  was  a  little  to  the 
north-west  of  St.  Michael's  Church,  the  site 
being  in  a  field  now  known  as  "  The  Black 
Grounds."  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

'  N.  &  Q.,'  3rJ  S.  vi.  103,  devoted  a  page  to 
'  St.  Albans-Verulam,'  and  traced  the  limits 
of  the  old  British  town. 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

SIR  WILLIAM  CALVERT  (10th  S.  ii.  528  ;  iii. 
38).— The  following  amusing  story  is  told  of 
this  gentleman  in  the  'City  Biography,' 
London,  1800  :— 

"  Like  the  generality  of  brewers,  Mr.  Calvert 
had  a  number  of  public-houses  belonging  to  him  ; 
one  of  these,  in  a  low  neighbourhood,  which  he  had 
let  on  a  very  trivial  consideration,  at  length 
increased  so  high  in  its  demands  for  his  intire,  that 
the  Alderman,  amazed  at  the  consumption,  as  he 
seldom  heard  of  any  company  being  seen  there  in 


worthy  brewer,  he  stepped  to  a  poulterer's  in  the 
neighbourhood,  and  soon  returned  with  a  fine  turkey, 
and  a  link  of  pork  sausages,  which,  presenting  to 
his  guest,  he  assured  him,  when  spitted  with  the 
link  of  sausages  to  be  roasted,  was  the  alderman 
meant  by  the  company  to  be  hung  in  chains  for  the 
supper.  The  adventure  so  well  pleased  the  brewer, 
that  the  melioration  of  the  beer  was  immediately 
attended  to." 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

VERSE  TRANSLATIONS  OF  MOLIERE  (10th  S. 
ii.  448,  516). — Moliere's  'Dramatic  Works/ 
with  plates,  rendered  into  English  by  Henri 
Van  Laun,  6  vols.,  1875  ;  '  Moliere,'  3  vols.,  in 
"  Bohn's  Library,"  translated.  Are  not  these 
two  in  verse  1  L.  J.  H. 

[Neither  is  in  verse.] 

TARLETON,  THE  SIGN  OF  "THE  TABOR," 
AND  ST.  BENNET'S  CHURCH  (10th  S.  iii.  7). — 
The  church  of  St.  Bennet,  or  more  properly 
St.  Benet,  stood  on  the  east  side  of  Grace- 
church  Street,  at  the  southern  corner  of 
Fenchurch  Street.  I  do  not  know  the  exact 
date  of  its  demolition,  but  it  was  standing 
in  1856.  Its  site  is  now  partly  or  wholly 
occupied  by  the  roadway  of  Fenchurch  Street, 


which  was  widened 
removed. 


when  the  church  was 
WILLIAM  HUGHES. 


62,  Palace  Road,  Streatham  Hill. 

St.  Benet,  Gracechurch,  was  "  called  Grass- 
church,  of  the  Herb  Market  there  kept" 
(Stow).  The  church,  built  previous  to  1190, 
was  destroyed  at  the  Great  Fire  (1666),  and 
re-erected  in  1685  from  the  designs  of  Sir 
Christopher  Wren.  It  was  pulled  down 


56 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,     cio*  a.  m.  JA*.  21,  iocs. 


about  thirty-five  years  ago.  Cunningham 
says,  "  The  yard  of  the  '  Cross  Keys  Inn '  in 
Gracechurch  Street  was  one  of  our  early 
theatres."  EVERARD  HOME  GOLEM  AN. 

CROSS  IN  THE  GREEK  CHURCH  (10th  S.  ii. 
469,  531).— MR.  MARCHANT  may  be  right  when 
he  says  that  the  inclination  of  the  lower  bar, 
upon  which  the  feet  are  made  to  rest  in 
Russian  crosses,  "  points  the  mind  upward 
and  raises  the  hopes  of  the  believer  towards 
the  Resurrection,"  for  Russian  ecclesiastical 
art  is  permeated  with  mysticism;  but  I  always 
thought  myself,  since  I  began  to  take  an 
interest  in  these  things,  that  the  bar  was 
placed  aslant  in  order  to  remind  the  spectator 
of  the  earthquake  that  took  place  at  the 
Crucifixion,  or  of  the  tradition,  preserved  in 
the  East,  that  our  Lord  was  lame.  If  W.  W.  P. 
wishes  to  study  Russian  crosses,  he  should 
go  to  the  Alexander  Museum  at  Petersburg, 
where  he  will  find  hundreds  of  them.  They 
are,  as  a  rule,  curious  and  interesting,  but 
astonishingly  poor  in  detail.  At  the  top  there 
is  often  a  face  with  the  inscription  under- 
neath in  Slavonic,  "The  image  that  was  not 
made  with  hands,"  an  allusion  to  St.  Veronica ; 
below  this  is  a  cross,  the  figure  that  is 
stretched  upon  it  being  emaciated,  and  with 
feet  and  hands  entirely  out  of  proportion  to 
the  rest  of  the  body.  The  Blessed  Virgin, 
Mary  Magdalene,  St.  John  the  Evangelist, 
and  Longinus  are  also  represented,  and  every- 
thing is  explained  by  lettering  —  thus,  for 
instance,  G.  G.  stands  for  the  hill  of  Golgotha, 
and  so  on.  Texts  from  the  Bible  or  from  the 
Russian  Service-Book  are  also  very  common. 
T.  P.  ARMSTRONG. 

LONDON  CEMETERIES  IN  1860  (10th  S.  ii.  169, 
296,  393,  496,  535).— The  old  gravestones  seen 
by  MR.  JOHN  T.  PAGE  (8th  S.  ii.  393)  probably 
belonged  to  the  Stepney  Meeting  -  House 
Burial  -  ground,  which  was  also  called  the 
Almshouse  Ground  or  the  Ratcliff  Workhouse 
Ground.  This  was  situated  at  the  north-east 
corner  of  White  Horse  Street,  near  the  junc- 
tion with  Salmon's  Lane,  and  opposite  the 
Brewers'  Almshouses.  According  to  Mrs. 
Basil  Holmes  ('London  Burial-grounds, 
pp.  179,  300),  it  was  connected  with  the  Inde- 
pendent Chapel  at  Stepney,  and  was  first 
used  in  1781.  There  are  still  many  tomb- 
stones in  it,  and  the  ground  is  fairly  tidy. 
The  gate  is  generally  open,  as  the  entrance  to 
the  almshouses  is  through  it.  Size,  half  an 
acre.  A  view  of  the  ground  from  the  alms 
houses  is  given  at  p.  178  of  Mrs.  Holmes'; 
book. 

White  Horse  Street,  running  in  a  north- 
easterly direction,  is  distinct  from  White 


lorse  Lane,  which  ran  from  west  to  east,  and 
s  now  included  in  the  line  of  the  Commercial 
cload.  There  was  also  another  White  Horse 
Lane,  which  connected  Stepney  Green  with 
Vlile  End  Green,  and  will  be  seen  marked  in 
lorwood's  map.  W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

[White  Horse  Lane  now  connects  Stepney  Green 
and  Mile  End  Road.] 

"  THE  CROWN  AND  THREE  SUGAR  LOAVES  " 
(10th  S.  i.  167,  214,  297,  373).— As  the  great- 
granddaughter  of  Abram  Newman,  I  have 
iccess  to  the  deeds  relating  to  Fenchurch 
Street ;  but  the  old  house  was  rebuilt.  I 
traced  the  ownership  of  Newman  &  Dayison's- 
warehouse,  and  sent  it  to  Sir  W.  Rawlinson ;, 
but  he  never  even  acknowledged  it. 

(Mrs.)  HAUTENVILLE  COPE. 

13c,  Hyde  Park  Mansions,  W. 

HOLBORN  (10th  S.  ii.  308,  392,  457,  493).— 
With  regard  to  the  suggestion  that  hoi  or 
hull  signifies  water,  I  recollect  reading  (I 
think  it  was  in  Seaham's  '  History  of  Hull '} 
a  note  as  to  this.  The  author's  view  was 
that  the  word  Hull  did  imply  a  connexion 
with  water,  and  compared  it  with  pool,  as  in 
Liverpool.  Perhaps  the  same  idea  may  be 
traced  in  Ulleskelf  (Yorkshire)  and  Ulles- 
water,  on  the  borders  of  Westmoreland. 
Compare  also  Ullesthqrpe  and  Ullapool. 

In  this  connexion  it  may  be  worth  while 
to  recall  that  the  name  of  the  land  upon 
which  Gray's  Inn  now  stands  was  Portpool, 
a  name  still  preserved  in  Portpool  Lane, 
which  runs  down  from  Gray's  Inn  Road 
to  Leather  Lane.  If  there  ever  was  a 
stream  of  water  running  alongside  Holborn, 
such  stream,  whether  natural  or  artificial^ 
must  have  had  its  rise  on  the  high  ground 
somewhere  near  Portpool,  perhaps  at  St. 
Chad's  Well  in  the  Gray's  Inn  Road,  close 
to  Gray's  Inn.  May  we  not  then  here  again 
trace  a  connexion  between  hoi,  pool,  and 
ivater  ? 

In  The  Antiquary  for  this  month,  at  p.  19, 
is  an  article  on  '  Some  London  Street-names,'' 
by  the  Rev.  W.  J.  Loftie.  In  it  he  says  : — 

"Two  parallel  roadways  which  lead  westward  from 
the  city  are  called  by  different  names,  yet  from  the- 
same  river.  A  bourne  breaks  out  from  the  clay  hill 
on  which  Regent's  Park  stands,  and  burrows  its 
winding  course  south-eastward,  cutting  for  itself  a 
passage  until  it  reaches  a  tidal  inlet  from  the 
Thames.  The  upper  course  of  the  brook  is 
naturally  described  as  the  Hole  bourne.  The 
tidal  estuary  into  which  it  resolves  itself  is  the 
Fleet.  There  are  many  other  burrowing  brooks  in. 
England,  and  many  other  fleets.  All  have  the 
same  characteristics,  and  are  called  Holing  Bourne, 
Holing  Beck,  Holing  Beach,  and  Holing  Brook, 
often  corrupted  into  Hollingbourne,  Beck,  Beach,  or 
Brook,  with  various  other  modifications ;  and  the 
local  antiquaries  generally,  as  in  the  Kentish  ex- 


.  in.  JAK.  -21,190s.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


57 


ample,  invent  a  holly-tree  to  account  for  the  name, 
in  steal  of  looking  to  see  if  the  brook  does  cut  a  hole 
for  itself." 

Purfleet  and  similar  names,  he  says,  speak 
for  themselves. 

At  what  precise  point  in  "the  hill  on 
which  Regent's  Park  stands  "  does  the  Fleet 
break  out?  and  where  precisely  is  the  hole 
it  has  cut  for  itself  1 

H.  W.  UNDERDOWN. 

BRINGING  IN  THE  YULE  "  CLOG  "  (10th  S.  ii. 
507;  iii.  11).— The  saying  "Dun  is  in  the 
mire "  is  much  older  than  Shakespeare's 
time,  for  it  occurs  in  Chaucer.  In  the  fifth 
volume  of  my  edition  of  Chaucer's  works 
there  is  an  'Index  to  Subjects  and  Words 
explained  in  the  Notes,'  filling  more  than 
sixty  columns,  and  giving  references  to  dis- 
cussions of  subjects  of  very  various  kinds. 
There  is  a  similar  one  to  my  edition  of  '  Piers 
Plowman.'  I  have  often  wondered  whether 
any  one  ever  refers  to  them,  as  the  neglect 
of  them  seems  almost  universal  amongst 
your  readers.  I  refer  to  Brand,  to  Giffard's 
notes  to  Ben  Jonson,  to  '  Romeo  and  Juliet,' 
and  to  Hazlitt's  'Proverbs'  (which  include 
Ray's),  all  noticed  at  the  last  reference. 

But  I  further  refer  to  Hoccleve,  to  Skelton, 
to  the  Towneley  Mysteries,  to  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  and  to  Butler's  '  Hudibras.'  So  the 
subject  is  tolerably  common. 

I  read,  at  the  last  reference,  that  dun  was 
"often  interchangeable  with  the  sanguine 
colour,  a  symbol  of  the  sun."  Where  can  I 
find  any  such  interchange  1  I  see  no  trace  of 
it  in  the  'New  English  Dictionary,'  which 
seems  to  imply  that  it  was  used  in  direct 
opposition  to  all  ideas  of  brightness. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

On  Tyneside  the  word  "clog,"  I  think 
without  exception,  is  in  use.  R.  B— R. 

South  Shields. 

BISHOP  OF  MAN  IMPRISONED,  1722  (10th 
S.  ii.  487,  534).— I  desire  to  thank  MR.  HARRY 
GOLDING  for  his  cuttings,  and  the  other 
correspondents  who  have  kindly  replied 
through  your  columns  and  directly.  I  have 
also  found  a  sketch  of  this  apostolic  bishop's 
career  in  'Works  of  Rev.  A.  M.  Toplady,' 
1825  (6  vols.),  vol.  iv. 

CHARLES  S.  KING,  Bt. 

St.  Leonards-on-Sea. 

INSCRIPTION  ON  STATUE  OF  JAMES  II. 
(10th  S.  i.  67,  137 ;  iii.  15).— As  MR.  R.  PIER- 
POINT  refers  to  my  note  at  the  second  refer- 
ence, I  take  this  opportunity  of  stating  that 
the  appearance  of  tne  word  "  gratia,"  instead 
of  "  gratise,"  in  my  copy  of  the  inscription 


is  not  my  fault.  I  wrote  "gratise"  when  I 
sent  the  note ;  and  again  when  proof  was 
submitted  I  intimated  that  the  word  should 
thus  appear.  I  noticed  it  was  printed 
"gratia"  after  all,  and,  thinking  I  could  do 
no  more,  consoled  myself  by  noting  the 
error  in  my  file  copy  and  adding  the  words, 
"I  corrected  this  in  proof  sent,  but  it  was  not 
altered.— J.  T.  P."  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

WALKER  FAMILY  (10th  S.  iii.  8).— I  never 
heard  of  Peter  Walker,  but,  if  I  am  not 
greatly  mistaken,  the  minor  canon  at  Nor- 
wich was  named  John,  a  native  of  Oxford, 
presented  by  Lord  Chancellor  Thurlow  to  the 
vicarage  of  Stoke  Holy  Cross  ;  also  rector 
of  St.  John's,  Timberhill,  and  St.  Peter  per 
Mountergate,  in  Norwich,  and  Bawdsey,  in 
Suffolk ;  died  in  1807  ;  and  was  buried  in 
Norwich  Cathedral.  FRED.  NORGATE. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &o. 

Roger  Anchani's  English  Works.  Edited  by  William 
Aldis  Wright,  M.A.  (Cambridge,  University 
Press.) 

No  less  interesting  than  the  first  volume  of  the 
"Cambridge  English  Classics  "is  the  second,  con- 
sisting of  the  '  Toxophilus,'  '  Report  of  the  Affaires 
and  State  of  Germany,'  and  '  The  Scholemaster ' 
of  Roger  Ascham,  edited  by  Dr.  Wright,  the 
esteemed  Vice -Master  of  Trinity.  A  curious 
tribute  to  the  value  of  the  series  is  borne  uncon- 
sciously by  ourselves.  More  than  one  edition  of 
Ascham's  English  works  has  slumbered  upon  our 
shelves.  The  convenience  of  the  present  edition, 
the  attractiveness  of  the  type,  and  the  generally 
appetizing  appearance  of  the  book  have  led  us  to 
an  experience  we  commend  for  imitation  in  the 
perusal  of  the  work  and  the  substitution  of  fami- 
liarity with  two  out  of  three  of  Ascham's  writings 
for  a  sort  of  general  idea  of  the  contents.  Agreeable, 
indeed,  has  been  the  task  thus  accomplished,  and 
the  English  prose  of  Ascham.  is  more  pleasurable 
than  that  of  most  of  his  successors  of  Tudor  times. 
His  arraignment  of  Malory  even,  and  of  the  English 
translations  of  Italian  tales,  seems  less  harsh  when 
it  is  read  in  its  entirety  and  with  its  context ;  and 
his  picture  of  "  that  noble  ladie  Jane  Grey"  as  he 
saw  her  at  "  Brodegate  in  Lecetershire,"  when  he 
found  her,  while  "all  the  houshpuld,  Gentlemen 

and  Gentlewomen,  were  huntinge  in  the  Parke 

in  her  Chamber,  readinge  Phaedon  Platonis  in 
Greeke,  and  that  with  as  moch  delite,  as  som  ien- 
tleman  wold  read  a  merie  tale  in  Bocase,"  familiar 
as  it  is,  gains  in  freshness.  A  propos  of  the  '  Toxo- 
philus' and  the  comparison  between  that  pursuit 
and  the  games  with  his  devotion  to  which  Ascham 
was  rebuked,  it  may  be  pointed  out  that  in  times 
immediately  succeeding  those  in  which  he  wrote 
indulgence  not  only  in  cards  and  dice,  but  even 
in  bowls,  was  penalized  in  the  interest  of  archery. 
The  defence  of  cards  and  dice  undertaken  by 


58 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,      [io<»  s.  m.  JAX.  21, 1905. 


Pliilologus  on  p.  21  is  curiously  significant  in  face  of 
the  statement  concerning  him  of  Camden :  "  Never- 
theless, being  too  much  given  to  dicing  and  cock- 
fighting,  he  lived  and  died  a  poor  man."  Among 
modern  reissues  of  English  classics  this  series  is 
entitled  to  a  foremost  place. 

Theodore    Watts-Dunton:    Poet,    Novelist,    Critic. 

By  James  Douglas.  (Hodder  &  Stoughton.) 
MR.  JAMES  DOUGLAS  has  accomplished  in  a  remark- 
able fashion  a  task  from  which  most  writers  have 
shrunk — that  of  furnishing  a  sustained  biography 
of  a  man  still  happily  living.  Under  such  con- 
ditions the  work  constitutes  rather  an  apologia  or 
a  eulogy  than  a  criticism  or  a  life.  It  is  natural  to 
compare  Mr.  Douglas's  work  with  the  immortal 
life  of  Johnson  by  Boswell,  which,  however,  was 
published  after  the  death  of  its  subject.  Ben 
Jonson  was  also  the  recipient  of  an  extraordinary 
eulogy,  which,  as  the  title,  'Jonsonus  Virbius,' 
indicates,  was  written  after  his  death,  a  work  in 
which  Lord  Falkland,  Lord  Buckhurst,  Sir  John 
Beaumont,  and  many  poets  and  wits  of  his  time 
participated.  '  Letters  and  Poems  in  Honour  of 
the  Incomparable  Princess  Margaret,  Dutchess 
of  Newcastle,'  appeared  two  years  after  her  death. 
'An  English  Miscellany,'  presented  to  Dr.  Furnivall 
in  1901,  is  perhaps  the  nearest  precedent  in  serious 
literature  for  such  a  tribute  as  is  now  given. 

A  few  years  ago  the  claims  on  consideration  of 
Mr.  Watts-Dunton  were  known  only  to  the  esoteric. 
Such  recognized  the1,  importance  of  his  contribu- 
tions to  The  Athenceum,  and  his  steps  towards  the 
substitution  of  his  own  "  poetics "  for  that  of 
Aristotle.  Since  his  publication  of  '  Aylwin,' 
however,  he  has  sprung  into  popularity,  and  his 
name  throughout  the  reading  public  is  now  one 
with  which  to  conjure.  No  half-hearted  disciple 
is  Mr.  Douglas.  With  the  zeal  of  the  true  "con- 
vertite  "  and  worshipper,  aided,  it  is  to  be  supposed, 
to  some  extent  by  Mr.  Watts-Dunton  himself,  he 
has  traced  his  subject  from  his  birth  in  what  is 
variously  styled  Cowslip  Country  or  Buttercup 
Land,  by  the  Ouse,  on  the  confines  of  East  Anglia, 
to  his  present  residence  in  Putney,  which  he  shares 
with  our  one  great  living  poet  Mr.  Swinburne.  To 
this  long-sustained  pursuit  well  on  to  400  pages  are 
devoted,  the  work  thus  putting  to  shame  all  but 
a  few  acknowledged  and  immortal  biographies. 
Full  information  is  supplied  concerning  a  life  inter- 
esting in  itself,  apart  from  its  associations  and 
intimacies,  and  a  bright  light  is  cast  upon  an  all- 
important  epoch  in  our  literary  history.  Mr. 
Douglas  has  enjoyed  the  closest  friendship  with 
Mr.  Watts-Dunton,  and  has  turned  to  best  advan- 
tage his  opportunities  and  privileges,  showing  the 
relations  between  his  friend  and  the  great  poets 
of  the  last  century,  and  flooding  the  life  of  Mr. 
Watts-Dunton  with  a  light  such  as  is  cast  upon 
none  of  his  associates.  Mr.  Douglas's  style  is  cul- 
tivated and  animated,  and  his  descriptions  are 
lifelike  and  natural.  He  has  enriched  his  volume, 
moreover,  with  numerous  illustrations,  the  value 
of  which  it  is  hard  to  overestimate.  One  of  these 
is  a  portrait  of  Mr.  Watts-Dunton  serving  as 
frontispiece.  So  like  is  this  to  Mr.  Swinburne, 
the  closest  associate  of  the  original,  that  we  had 
to  rub  our  eyes  and  look  again  and  again  before 
we  were  sure  that  a  mistake  had  not  been  made. 
Others  consist  of  reproductions  of  pictures  of  Dante 
Gabriel  Rossetti  and  views  of  Cowslip  Country  and 
of  spots  associated  with 'Aylwin.'  Most  numerous 


and  important  of  all  are  representations  of  the 
exterior  and  interior  of  The  Pines,  Mr.  Watts- 
Dunton's  present  home.  We  have  less  than  we 
could  wish  about  Mr.  Swinburne.  In  other  respects 
the  information  is  ample  and  well  conveyed. 
Students  of  the  literature  of  the  latter  half  of  the 
nineteenth  century  will  rejoice  in  the  possession 
of  Mr.  Douglas's  work,  the  loyalty  and  eloquence 
of  which  are  alike  remarkable. 

THE  Rugby  School  Register,  Vol.  III.,  May,  1874, 
to  May,  1904,  revised  and  annotated  by  the  Rev. 
A.  T.  Michell,  is  printed  for  subscribers  by  Mr.  A.  J. 
Lawrence,  the  school  bookseller  at  Rugby,  and 
deserves  warm  commendation.  Old  Rugbeians  are 
said  to  cherish  the  memory  of  their  school  with 
more  than  usual  pertinacity,  and  this  admirable 
record  shows,  at  any  rate,  the  unwearying  devotion 
of  one  of  them.  Mr.  Michell's  is  not  a  bare  list 
of  names,  but  supplies  the  after  career  of  each  boy. 
Such  detail  could  only  be  secured  by  unremitting 
assiduity,  and  the  compiler  has  employed  special 
efforts, with  remarkable  success,  to  make  thelistcom- 
plete.  Full  indeed  and  interesting  it  is,  and  we  hope 
that  all  Rugbeians  will  secure  a  copy  of  it,  and  that 
other  schools  of  note  will  follow  the  example  set  by 
Mr.  Michell.  We  believe  that  no  such  up-to-date 
record  is  available  of  any  other  school,  or,  indeed, 
college.  We  have  tested  the  list  many  times  and 
found  it  invariably  accurate,  even  in  cases  where 
a  change  of  name  has  been  made,  which  is  always 
difficult  to  trace  and  verify. 


BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUES. 

THE  booksellers  have  plenty  of  treasures  and 
works  of  general  usefulness  for  New  Year  pur- 
chasers. 

Mr.  H.  Cleaver,  of  Bath,  offers  four  works  on 
costume  for  61.  6s.  These  include  Russia,  Austria, 
China,  and  Turkey.  There  are  273  coloured  plates. 
Other  noteworthy  items  in  the  catalogue  are  original 
editions,  in  parts,  of  '  Bleak  House '  and  '  Little 
Dorrit ' ;  Fielding's  works,  1898,  6^.  18s.  6d. ;  and  Noel 
Humphreys's  '  Butterflies,'  3  vols.,  45*.  The  works 
on  India  include  Forrest's  '  Picturesque  Tour,' 
2?.  10s.  Under  Ireland  we  find  Trench's  '  Realities 
of  Irish  Life,'  O'Brien's  '  Round  Towers,'  and  works 
by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  S.  C.  Hall.  There  is  a  first  edition 
of  Leech's  '  Follies  of  the  Year,'  price  30*.  This  is 
scarce.  A  handsome  set  of  Marryat's  novels,  24  vols. , 
is  priced  at  11.  10s.  :  a  beautiful  set  of  Morris's 
'  Birds,'  61.  6s. ;  a  set  of  Punch,  1841-1902,  22Z.  10s. ; 
a  set  of  Scott,  the  Author's  Favourite  Edition, 
88  vols.,  1829-36,  9Z.  9s.  ;  and  Smollett,  the  1901 
edition,  61.  67. 

Mr.  Bertram  Dobell's  list  contains  many  first 
editions,  and  some  books  in  old  morocco  from  the 
late  Prof.  Corfield's  collection.  The  first  editions 
include  '  Paracelsus,'  12mo.,  1835, 11.  Is. ;  '  Sordello,' 
1840,  15s.  :  Mrs.  Browning's  '  Seraphim,'  1838, 
11.  10s.  ;  Coleridge's  '  Fall  of  Robespierre,'  Cam- 
bridge, 1794,  51.  5s.  ;  '  Addresses  to  the  People,' 
Bristol,  1795, 4£.  4s.  ;  '  Zapolya,  a  Christmas  Tale,  un- 
cut,,1817,  31.  3s. ;  'Sibylline  Leaves,'  21.  5s. ;  Lamb's 
'  Tales  from  Shakespeare,'  with  the  plates  by  Mul- 
ready,  engraved  by  Blake,  2  vols.,  1807,  bound  by 
Bedford,  very  rare,  271.  10s.;  'Blank  Verse,'  by 
Lamb  and  Lloyd,  12mo,  1798,  blue  morocco,  uncut, 
21/. ;  Shelley's' Queen Mab,'  1813, 311.  ;  '  The  Revolt 
of  Islam,'  1818,  41.  10s. ;  IKeats,  1817,  101.  10s. ; 


io*s.m.jAx.2i,i905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Bewick's  'Birds,'  Newcastle,  1797-1804,  6?.  10s. ; 
and  the  rare  original  Lausanne  edition  of  '  Vathek,' 
21. 12s.  Other  interesting  items  are  to  be  found  under 
America,  Ballads,  Caricatures,  and  Kehnscptt  Press. 
Under  Juvenile  is  Tabart's  series  of  juvenile  books, 
in  the  original  wrappers,  1804,  1805,  1807,  9?.  9s. 
Mr.  Dobell  states  that  "  this  is  in  all  probability  a 
unique  collection."  Among  books  in  choice  bind- 
ings is  Dobell's  '  Sidelights  on  Charles  Lamb,'  a 
fine  specimen  of  Zaehnsdorf's  work,  4?.  4-s. 

Mr.  Francis  Edwards  has  a  catalogue  of  dramatic 
literature.  The  items  include  the  rare  first  edition 
of  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  1647,  30?.  ;  also  the 
second  edition,  1679,  15?. ;  '  Memoirs  of  Mrs.  Bil- 
lington,'  1792,  21.  2s. ;  Genest's  '  English  Stage,' 
1832,  12?. ;  Massinger's  '  Works,'  1813,  bound  by 
Zaehnsdorf,  51.  5s. ;  Moliere,  Paris,  1835,  9?.  There 
are  also  many  most  interesting  collections  of  play- 
bills. Under  Shakespeare  is  a  very  fine  copy  in 
drop  case  of  the  Fourth  Folio,  price  50?.  There  are 
many  works  on  costume — Planche,  11. ;  Racinet,  181. ; 
Atkinson's  '  Russian  Costume,'  6?.  6s.  ;  '  L'Annee 
Fran^aise,'  Paris,  1885-8,  161.  A  copy  of  Acker- 
mann's  '  Microcosm '  is  priced  at  20?. 

Mr.  Charles  Higham,  of  Farringdon  Street,  has  a 
collection  of  theological  and  philosophical  books, 
including  an  interesting  collection  of  400  tracts  and 
pamphlets  made  by  Dean  Boyle,  33  vols. ,  21. 12s.  6d. 
One  volume,  containing  a  Butler  item,  bears  a  note 
that  it  was  lent  to  Mr.  Gladstone  when  he  was 
editing  Butler's  works.  Among  other  items  are  a 
set  of  The  Expositor,  1875-1900,  81.  8s.;  Green- 
wood's 'Cathedra  Petri,'  6  vols.,  II.  5s.  (The  Athe- 
n(Kiim  spoke  highly  of  this  work)  ;  Ivimey's  '  His- 
tory of  the  Baptists,'  21.  2s. ;  a  copy  of  '  Tract  XC.' 
for  half-a-crown  ;  '  The  Polychrome  Bible,'  15  vols., 
1893-4,  31.  3-s.  There  are  a  number  of  items  under 
Maurice,  Newman,  Tulloch,  Vaughan,  and  Missions. 
Mr.  Macphail,  of  Edinburgh,  opens  his  list  with 
Oliver  Goldsmith's  first  work, '  Memoirs  of  a  French 
Protestant  condemned  to  the  Galleys  of  France,' 
London,  1758,  65s. :  also  an  early  Milton,  1688, 
with  list  of  subscribers'  names,  55-s.  Swinburne's 
'  Poems  and  Ballads,'  Moxon,  1866,  is  55-s.  Other 
items  are  Ley  den's  'Complaynt,'  1801-2,  rare,  28-s.  6d. ; 
'  The  History  of  the  House  of  Douglas,'  1902,  42s. 
(only  150  copies  printed  of  this  edition  ;  the  work  is 
now  out  of  print) ;  '  The  Great  Seals  of  England,' 
112  engravings,  1837,  15s.;  Pierotti's  'Jerusalem 
Explored,'  35*. ;  '  Rome,'  by  Francis  Wey,  full 
green  morocco,  21?.  ;  Allan  Cunningham's  '  Songs  of 
Scotland,'  4  vols.,  a  choice  set,  22*-.  6(?.  ;  Mudford's 
'  Campaign  in  the  Netherlands,'  1817,  rare,  11.  Is. ; 
'The  Book  of  Job,'  on  vellum,  with  R.  T.  Rose's 
illustrations,  37.  3-s.  ;  Kay's  portraits,  over  500,  of 
Edinburgh  celebrities,  1837,  4?.  15s.  There  is  also  a 
collection  of  miniatures,  on  satin  paper,  of  the  saints, 
the  work  of  Portuguese  nuns,  1780,  55-s.  There  are 
some  interesting  lots  under  Bric-a-Brac. 

Messrs.  Edwin  Parsons  &  Sons,  of  Brompton 
Road,  issue  a  catalogue  full  of  choice  works  on  art. 
They  have  a  large  collection  of  oil  paintings  and 
original  drawings,  of  which  they  invite  inspection. 
Among  some  of  many  treasures  in  this  list  we  pick 
out  Smith's  '  Dutch,  Flemish,  and  French  Painters,' 
9  vols.,  imperial  8vo,  1829-42,  42?.:  'Portraits  by 
Van  DycV  1641,  101.  10s.;  Humphry  Ward  and 
Roberts's  'Biographical  Essay  on  Romney,'  with 
catalogue  of  his  works,  70  illustrations,  Japanese 
paper,  121.  12s. ;  Holbein's  '  Portraits,'  84  printed 
in  colours,  by  Bartolozzi,  1792,  40?. ;  Lodge's  '  Por- 


traits,' large  paper,  India  proofs,  1823,  12?.  12-s.  ; 
'  The  National  Gallery, '  edited  by  Poynter,  14?.  14s. ; 
Turner's  '  Southern  Coast  of  England,'  1826, 10?.  10s. ; 
'Dutch  and  Flemish  Masters,'  1821,  25  guineas; 
Lebas's  'Engravings  after  Dutch  Masters,'  1784, 
very  rare,  45?.  ;  J.  Foster's  '  The  Stuarts,'  India 
proof,  edition  de  luxe,  15?.  15-s.  These  are  only  a  few 
out  of  nearly  1,300  items,  which  include  a  clearance 
list  of  works  in  general  literature. 

Catalogue  No.  8  of  Mr.  H.  H.  Peach,  of  Leicester, 
contains  a  number  of  valuable  items.  Under  Early 
Printing  collectors  will  find  much  to  interest  them, 
the  descriptions  of  the  books  being  given  very  fully ;. 
many  are  scarce.  In  the  general  list  there  is  a 
rare  book,  the  second  and  altered  edition  of  '  The 
Institution  of  Christian  Man,'  the  book  of  the 
Reformation,  partly  dictated  by  Henry  VIII. 
Under  Oxfordshire  is  a  copy  of  the  Articles  agreed 
upon  "in  the  Convocation  holden  at  London  in  the 
yeare  of  our  Lorde  God  1562,"  black-letter,  2?.  2s. 

Mr.  Richardson,  of  Manchester,  has  a  copy  of 
La  Caricature  Journal,  vols.  i.  to  x.,  Paris,  1830-5, 
81.  10s. ;  also  the  scarce  edition  of  the  '  Greville 
Memoirs,'  6?.  15s.  ;  the  first  edition  of  'Davenport 
Dunn,'  5?. ;  Pauly's  '  Russia,'  4?.  10s. ;  and  Purcell's- 
'  Orpheus  Britannicus,'  3?.  Mr.  Richardson  has 
purchases  of  sporting  and  other  books  from  the 
library  of  the  Marquis  of  Anglesey. 

Messrs.  Sotheran's  Catalogue  647  contains  three 
rare  theological  incunabula,  20?. ;  '  Arabian  Nights,' 
Villon  Society,  13  vols.,  14?.  14-s.  (only  500  printed) ; 
Matthew  Arnold's  complete  works,  edition  de  luxe, 
bound  by  Riviere,  16?.  16-s.  Under  Australasia. 
we  find  Lycett's  '  Views,'  1824,  a  coloured  copy, 
very  rare,  21?. ;  and  Wallis's  '  Views,'  twelve  large 
plates  engraved  on  copper  by  Preston,  a  convict, 
1820,  very  scarce,  8?.  8s.  Under  Bibliography  we 
notice  Arber's  '  Transcript  of  the  Registers  of  the 
Company  of  Stationers,  1554-1640,'  only  230  privately 
printed,  7?.  10-s.  ;  Dibdin's  '  Decameron,'  1817,  very 
scarce,  9?.  9s. ;  '  Bibliotheca  Spenceriana,'  1814-23, 
8?.  10-s. ;  and  '  The  Decameron,'  1620,  8?.  8s.  There 
are  some  very  choice  botanical  works,  including 
that  delightful  old  book  Loddiges's  '  Cabinet,' 
1818-33,  scarce,  19?.  19-s.  A  copy  of  Bryan's  '  Dic- 
tionary of  Painters '  is  priced  at  52?.  10s.  Under 
Byron  is  a  choicely  bound  copy  of  the  recent 
13-vol.  edition,  in  blue  morocco,  9?.  Lady  Meux's 
Publications,  only  300  printed  for  private  circula- 
tion, 189S-1900,  are  22?.  10s.  ;  '  Tom  Brown's  School- 
days,' first  edition,  1857,  very  rare,  12?.  12s.  Under 
Charles  Lamb  is  a  tine  copy  of  the  '  Poetical 
Recreations '  of  The  Champion,  1822,  very  rare,  21?. 
A  copy  of  the  original  subscription  edition  of 
Lodge's  '  Portraits '  is  priced  at  35?.  We  have  only 
space  to  give  a  few  more  valuable  items.  An 
original  set  of  '  Musees  FranQais '  is  52?.  10s.  • 
'Paradise  Lost,'  first  edition,  24?.  :  Molinier's  'Le 
Mobilier  Royal  des  XVII.  et  XVIII.  Siecles,'  50?.  ; 
and  Dallaway's  '  Sussex,'  42?.  There  are  also  many 
interesting  items  under  Trials. 

Mr.  Walter  T.  Spencer  opens  his  catalogue  with 
a  set  of  Harrison  Ains worth's  works,  first  editions, 
92Jvols.,  1834-78,  price  80?.  Under  Alken  are  '  Real 
Life  in  London,'  in  the  56  original  parts,  30?. ;  '  Real 
Life  in  Ireland,'  8?.  8s.;  'National  Sports,'  24?.; 
and  many  others.  A  complete  set  of  The  Alpine 
Journal  is  offered  for  24?.  10s.  There  are  a  number 
of  works  under  America,  Angling,  and  Military. 
Lovers  of  Cruikshank  will  find  plenty  to  interest 
them.  The  list  of  books  with  coloured  plates  is  a 


60 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io<"  s.  m.  JAN.  21, 1905. 


long  one,  and  includes  '  Popular  Pastimes,'  Sher- 
woods,  1816.  Mr.  Spencer  states  it  to  be  the  first 
copy  he  has  ever  catalogued.  The  price  of  this  is 
•61.  6s.  Papworth's  'Views  of  London,'  1816,  is 
put  at  201.  A  curious  collection  of  valentines, 
1821-2,  can  be  had  for  '35s.  Under  Charles  Dickens 
are  first  editions  and  many  rarities.  These  include 
'  The  Village  Coquettes,'  1836, 14£.  14s.  ;  '  Pickwick,' 
in  parts,  18Z.  18s.  ;  '  Martin  Chuzzlewit,'  in  parts, 
71.  7s.  ;  '  The  Christmas  Carol,'  81.  8s.  ;  and  under 
•"  A  '  Find '  and  no  Mistake  ! "  four  numbers  of  The 
Penny  Satirist,  containing  24  extra  illustrations  to 
'  Nicholas  Nickleby,'  Nov. -Dec.,  1838, 11.  Is.  Under 
Disraeli  we  have  a  handsome  set  of  first  editions, 
1826-80,  2$.  There  is  much  of  interest  under 
Drama.  Under  Pierce  Egan  the  items  include 
'  Boxiana,'  5  vols.,  Sherwoods  &  Virtue,  1823-9,  20£. 
There  are  first  editions  of  George  Eliot's  works, 
including  'Adam  Bede,'  31.  18*.  6d.  A  large  parcel 
of  Goldsmith's  reprints  of  old  tracts,  62  vols., 
vellum,  is  priced  SI.  8s.  Other  entries  include  a  set 
of  Judge  Haliburton's  works,  24  vols.,  all  first 
editions,  1837-60,  91.  15s.  ;  Leigh  Hunt's  "Juvenile 
Library,"  1800-1,  31.  3s. ;  Leigh  Hunt's  Journal, 
1850-1 ;  George  Meredith's  *  Poems,'  first  edition, 
Parker,  181.  18s.  ;  '  Sette  of  Odd  Volumes,'  44  vols., 
14£.  14s.  (the  first  contains  a  sketch  of  the  life  of 
Mr.  Quaritch) ;  Sheridan's  'Critic,'  31.  3s.,  and  'A 
Trip  to  Scarborough,'  6?.  6*'.,  both  first  editions. 
There  is  also  much  of  interest  under  Tennyson, 
Thackeray,  and  Wordsworth. 

Mr.  Albert  Sutton,  of  Manchester,  has  a  good 
list  of  miscellaneous  literature.  Collectors  will 
•find  plenty  to  interest  them  under  the  headings 
Africa,  Alpine,  America,  Lancashire,  and  Shake- 
speare. Under  the  last  there  is  a  collection  of 
twenty  volumes,  all  relating  to  Shakespeare,  1783- 
1845,  87.  Other  items  include  the  Spenser  Society, 
54  vols.,  111. ;  a  set  of  The  Studio,  SI. ;  Scott,  the 
Library  Edition,  25  vols.,  1854, 11.  Is. ;  'The  Axon 
Tracts,'  62  of  these,  II.  10s. ;  Holbein  Society, 
1869-92,  18  vols.,  11.  Is. ;  Lancashire  Parish  Register 
Society,  16  vols.,  51.  15s. ;  Historic  Society,  Liver- 
pool, 1849-1900,  53  vols.,  61.  10s. ;  and  Macaulay, 
Library  Edition,  1853-76,  12  vols.,  51.  There  are 
many  valuable  works  under  Portraits. 

Mr.  Thomas  Thorp  issues  from  his  St.  Martin's 
Lane  address  a  catalogue  containing  thirteen  pretty 
views  of  "Bygone  Times  "  picture  postcards.  They 
are  reproductions  from  rare  old  prints,  and  well 
deserve  the  notice  of  the  collector.  The  books 
include  scarce  works  on  Africa.  A  fine  copy  of 
Matthew  Arnold's  'Empedocles  on  Etna,'  first 
edition,  is  31.  10-s.,  and  '  Friendship's  Garland,'  1871, 
:35s. ;  Ashmole's  'Berkshire,'  large -paper  copy, 
E.Curll,  1719,  very  scarce,  101. 10s. ;  Coates's '  Read- 
ing,' 1802,  4to,  contemporary  calf,  3/.  10«. ;  an 
exceptionally  fine  copy  of  Boileau,  2  vols.,  folio, 
1718,  4Z.  4s. ;  a  collection  of  fifty  fine  old  book- 
plates, 51.  10.s. ;  Sowerby's  '  Botany,'  151.  lo.s. ;  Cole- 
ridge, Pickering's  original  editions,  14  vols.,  48*. : 
and  the  scarce  first  edition  of  Hobbes's  '  Leviathan,' 
1651.  30.s.  There  is  also  a  copy  of  Hakluyt,  1599- 
1600,  311.  10s. 

Mr.  Thorp  also  issues  a  catalogue  from  Read- 
ing. The  collection  it  contains  of  Berkshire 
books  and  pamphlets  is  very  interesting.  These 
are  purchases  from  the  library  of  Mr.  Job  Lpwsley. 
Among  rarities  are  '  The  History  and  Antiquities 
«f  Berkshire,'  Reading,  1736,  9/.  15*. ;  Aehmole,  a 


choice  copy,  101.  10s.;  Blagrave's  'Bpoke  of  the 
Making  and  Use  of  a  Staffe.  newly  invented  by 
the  Author,  called  the  Familiar  Staffe,'  1590,  30-s. ; 
also  '  The  Mathematical  Jewel,'  51. 10s.  The  general 
list  includes  many  items  of  interest :  Reynolds's 
« Graphic  Works,'  1833-8,  40?. ;  Pope,  14  vols.  4to, 
1769,  61.  10s. ;  '  Newgate  Calendar,'  5  vols.,  51.  5s.  ; 
Historical  MSS-  Commission  Reports,  31.  10s.  ; 
Wheatley's  'Primroses'  ('London  Cries'),  51.  5s. 
There  are  also  first  editions  of  Dickens  and  Swin- 
burne. 

Mr.  Voynich's  new  Short  Catalogue,  No.  11,  con- 
tains very  rare  books.  Many  of  the  items  have  the 
note  "  Not  in  Lowndes,  Stevens,  or  Sabin."  Under 
American  Presses  we  find  Asplund's  'Annual 
Register  of  the  Baptist  Denomination  in  North 
America,'  1791, 11.  10s.,  and  Brady  and  Tate's  version 
of  the  Psalms,  1791,  11.  16s.  A  copy  of  Scott's  '  Vox 
Cteli,'  1624,  is  priced  31.  3.s.  There  is  a  choice  New 
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SAMPSON  LOW,  HAKSTON  &  CO.,  LIMITED, 
St.  Dunstan'g  House,  Fetter  Lane,  EC. 


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s.  in.  JAN.  28, 1905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


fcl 


LOXDOX,  SATL'EDAY,  JANUARY  SS,  1905. 


CONTENTS.-No.  57. 

NOTES  :— Capt.  George  Shelvocke,  61— Wood's  *  A th.  Oxon.,' 
ed.  Bliss  :  Sir  W.  Ralegh,  62— Robert  Farren  Cheetham,64 
— "  Jockteleg,"  65  — 'Visitations  of  Southwell' —  Angelo 
Benedetto  Ventura— Stafford  :  Tatton  —  "  Number-Men  " 
—  'The  Lass  of  Richmond  Hill'— "Fed  up"— "Tour- 
maline," 60  — "The  Naked  Boy  and  Coffin"  —  "Pro- 
gressive"—  Woman,  Heaven's  Second  Thought  —  Lady 
Lucy  Hamilton  Sandys,  67. 

QUERIES  :— "  Perficient"  —  'Paradise  Lost"  of  1751  — 
Dettingen  Trophies,  68— Royal  Regiments  of  the  Line— 
Ancient  Religious  Houses  — Tyrrell  Family— "  Cut  the 
loss  "— Verschoyle  :  Folden— "  The  gentle  Shakespeare," 
69— Weeper  in  the  House  of  Commons— Verses  :  Author 
Wanted—"  Sdckpenny  "—Rupert  as  a  Christian  Name,  70. 

REPLIES  :— The  Envied  Favourite,  71  —  Bibliographical 
Notes  on  Dickens  and  Thackeray— Bridges,  a  Winchester 
Commoner  — Sir  T.  Cornwallis  —  Tarleton  and  the  Sign 
of  "The  Tabor,"  73  — Marriage  Service— Comet,  1580— 
"An  old  woman  went  to  market,"  74  —  Mayers'  Song — 
Authorsof  Quotations  Wanted— Sarum—  Police  Uniforms: 
Omnibuses,  75— Maze  at  Seville— Blood  used  in  Building, 
76— Dr.  Burchell's  Collections— Nelson  in  Fiction— Algon- 
quin Element  in  English  —  "Broken  heart,"  77— Allan 
Kamsav  —  "  Humanum  est  errare "  —  "Broach"  or 
"  Brooch,"  78-"  Phil  Elia,"  79. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  -.-Mrs.  Toynbee's  Edition  of  Walpole's 
Letters— Browning's  'Men  and  Women' — Mrs.  Barrett 
Browning's  Works— Latham's  'Famous  Sayings' — Har- 
inttle's  'Dictionary  of  Battles'  —  Routledge's  "Muses' 
Library." 

Obitunry :— Mr.  W.  Fraser  Rae— Mr.  T.  W.  Shore. 
fjotiees  to  Correspondents. 


CAPT.  GEORGE  SHELVOCKE. 
SHELVOCK  is  a  little  township  in  Shrop- 
shire, some  twelve  miles  from  Shrewsbury. 
Round  about  it  Shelvocke  families  were 
seated  for  many  generations.  ln  the  printed 
calendars  of  the  Prerogative  Court  of  Canter- 
bury we  find  the  wills  of  William  Shelvocke, 
of  Shardon  (presumably  Shrawardine),  and 
of  Richard  Shelvocke,  of  Baschurch  (proved 
in  1582  and  1597  respectively).  One  of  the 
last  of  the  Shropshire  Shelvockes  was  John 
Shelvocke,  who  died  in  the  parish  of  St.  Mary, 
Shrewsbury,  in  1G85,  leaving  a  son  Charles, 
and  grandchildren  John  and  Ellenor.  His 
second  wife  (by  whom  he  had  no  children) 
died  before  him  (also  at  Shrewsbury)  in  1681. 
She  was  a  well-to-do  lady,  by  name  Joyous 
or  Joyce,  sister  of  George  Hodson,  gent.,  of 
the  Lea,  in  Shropshire,  and  was  possessed  of 
a  goodly  estate  at  Tregynon,  in  Montgomery- 
shire. In  the  last  decade  of  the  seventeenth 
century  some  members  of  the  family  had 
taken  to  a  seafaring  life,  and  as  a  natural 
consequence  settled  in  Deptford,  Greenwich, 
and  other  places  near  London  beloved  of 
sailors.  By  will  dated  8  February,  1697/8, 
one  Reynald  Shelvocke,  of  Deptford,  mariner,  • 
then  belonging  to  H.M.S.  Gloucester,  left  his 
all  to  his  wellbeloved  sister  Ellener  Harding; 


he  died  on  the  high  seas  a  bachelor  before 
16  April,  1700,  when  the  will  was  proved.  In 
regard  to  his  baptismal  name  it  is  worth 
noting  that  Acton  Reynald  is  likewise  a 
Shropshire  township.  Another  seafarer  of 
this  name  was  Richard  Shelvocke,  a  sailor 
on  board  H.M.S.  Devonshire,  who  died  at 
Kinsale,  in  Ireland,  some  time  before  30  June, 
1696,  on  which  day  his  estate  was  adminis- 
tered to  by  his  relict  Anne,  then  residing  in 
St.  Giles,  Cripplegate. 

Capt.  George  Shelvocke,  the  well-known 
privateer,  came,  as  his  tombstone  records, 
of  a  Shropshire  family  which  had  been 
long  resident  in  Deptford,  and  was  born 
in  1674  or  1675.  His  'Voyage  round  the 
World  by  the  way  of  the  Great  South 
Sea,  perform 'd  in  the  Years  1719,  20, 
21,  22,  in  the  Speedwell  of  London,  of 
24  Guns  and  100  Men  (under  His  Majesty's 
'  Commission  to  cruize  on  the  Spaniards  in  the 
late  War  with  the  Spanish  Crown),'  ttc.,  pub- 
lished in  1726,  is  summarized  in  the  '  Diet. 
Xat.  Biog.'  It  was  followed  two  years  later 
by  a  rival  narrative,  the  very  title  of  which 
is  hostile,  '  A  Voyage  round  the  World,  being 
an  Account  of  a  Remarkable  Enterprize 
begun  in  the  year  1719,  chiefly  to  cruise  on 
the  Spaniards  in  the  great  South  Ocean,' 
from  the  pen  of  William  Betagh,  who  for  a 
time  had  been  Shelvocke's  captain  of  marines. 
Betagh  was  an  Irishman,  who,  "  urg'd  by 
his  voracious  appetite,"  says  Shelvocke, 
grumbled  at  short  commons,  grew  insolent, 
and  had  to  be  excluded  from  the  captain's 
table  and  the  great  cabin.  On  the  other 
hand,  Betagh,  while  confessing  to  his  prowess 
as  a  trencher  knight,  dwells  upon  his  chiefs 
particular  affection  for  strong  liquors,  espe- 
cially his  "  drinking  of  Hipsy,  a  liquor  com- 
Eounded  of  wine,  water,  and  brandy,  which, 
y  the  admirers  of  it,  is  also  call'd  meat, 
drink,  and  cloth."  ("Hipsy,"  by  the  way,  is 
not  to  be  found  in  the  '  N.E.D.')  "As  his 
pretended  narrative  is  intirely  a  deception," 
he  writes  in  his  dedication,  "and  his  whole 
conduct  an  indignity  to  his  country,  I  thought 
it  my  duty  to  give  a  genuine  account  of  the 
man  as  well  as  our  voyage."  Despite  his 
failings,  Shelvocke  showed  himself  a  brave 
and  capable  leader  in  times  of  danger.  Far 
different  was  the  conduct  of  the  officer  ap- 
pointed to  command  the  expedition,  Capt. 
John  Clipperton,  from  whom  Shelvocke  soon 
parted  company.  Even  the  virulent  Betagh 
cannot  deny  the  accuracy  of  Shelvocke's 
description  of  Clipperton  in  a  sea  fight, 
grotesquely  though  it  reads  : — 

"Early  the  next  day  [12  Nov.,  1721]  there  came 
off  a   great    many  of  the  Success's  people    from 


62 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


s.  m.  JAX.  ss,  1905. 


Macao  aboard  of  us they  acquainted  me  that 

their  Commander  Clipperton  had  left  me  designedly 
(as  I  have  before  related),  that  they  went  directly 
to  Guam,  one  of  the  Ladron  Islands,  where  they 
were  very  well  refreshed  and  supply'd  with  pro- 
visions  Capt.  Clipperton  weigh*  d  with  his  ship 

in  order  to  attack  a  ship  of  20  guns  from  Manila 
who  had  lain  quietly  in  the  road  with  them  all  the 
time  till  now.  in  approaching  her,  he  ran  his  ship  upon 
the  rocks,  and  soon  found  the  enemy  was  prepar'd 
for  him,  for  they  had  raised  two  batteries  of  half 
the  ships  guns  to  receive  him.  I  am  almost  ashamed 
to  relate  this  man's  behaviour  in  this  skirmish  ;  but 
as  I  think  he  deserves  to  be  exposed  I  shall  divulge 
it  in  the  manner  I  receiv'd  it  from  his  chief  Officers, 
who  talk'd  of  it  publickly  at  Canton;  for  Clipperton 
perceiving  his  case  desperate,  and  the  loss  of  his 
ship  past  redemption  to  all  appearance,  had 
recourse  to  his  case  of  brandy  for  a  supply  of 
spirits  to  animate  him  in  makinga  vigorous  defence ; 
but  he  took  so  abundantly  of  that  intoxicating 
cordial,  that  he  in  an  instant  became  dead  drunk, 
and  tumbled  on  the  deck,  and  snor'd  out  his  time 
in  a  beastly  manner,  whilst  his  first  Lieutenant. 
Davidson  undertook  the  command  of  the  ship, 
which  he  bravely  executed  till  he  was  kill'd :  he 
was  succeeded  by  Capt.  Cook,  their  second  Lieu- 
tenant, who  made  a  handsome  resistance,  and  got 
the  ship  afloat  again  after  she  had  lain  on  the  rocks 
48  hours,  all  which  time  Clipperton  had  been  lost 
between  sleeping  and  drinking  as  fast  as  he  waked, 
so  that  he  did  not  recover  himself  till  they  were 
out  at  sea,  and  then  by  his  impertinent  questions 
and  behaviour  sufficiently  convinced  them  that  he 
knew  nothing  of  what  had  pass'd  during  their 
engagement,  £c.,  which  lasted  two  days  and  two 
nights." 

Capt.  Shelvocke  died  in  the  parish  of 
St.  Mary  Woolnoth,  London,  according  to  the 
Administration  Act  Book,  1743,  of  the  Prero- 
gative Court  of  Canterbury,  i.e.,  in  his  son's 
official  residence  in  Lombard  Street,  on 
4  December,  1742,  aged  sixty-seven,  and  was 
buried  in  the  churchyard  of  St.  Nicholas, 
Deptford.  Near  his  tomb  was  placed  a  tablet 
to  the  memory  of  his  wife  Susanna,  daughter 
of  Capt.  Richard  Strutton,  of  Deptford  ;  she 
had  died  in  1711.  He  did  not  leave  a  will. 

His  only  son,  also  George  Shelvocke,  was 
born  about  1702,  and  as  a  stripling  of  seven- 
teen accompanied  his  father  on  his  voyage 
round  the  world.  The  implacable  Be  tag  h 
contemptuously  refers  to  him  as  "  Georgy  " 
and  as  "  an  interloper."  "  He  knew  nothing 
of  sea  affairs,"  continues  the  irascible  captain 
of  marines, 

"or  indeed  of  any  thing  else  that  was  commendable 
or  manly.  His  imployment  at  London  was  to  dangle 
after  the  women,  and  gossip  at  the  tea-table  ;  and 
aboard  us,  his  whole  business  was  to  thrust  himself 
into  all  society,  overhear  every  thing  that  was  said, 
then  go  and  tell  his  father :  so  that  he  was  more 
fit  for  aboarding  school  than  a  ship  of  war.  Yet 
had  this  insignificant  fellow  a  dividend  of  660  pound 
out  of  one  prize,  in  prejudice  to  many  honest  brave 
men,  destroy'd,  lost  and  begger'd  at  the  captain's 
pleasure." 


It  would  be  interesting  to  know  whether 
the  younger  Shelvocke  deigned  to  notice  this 
tirade  in  his  edition  of  his  father's  '  Voyage/ 
published  in  1757,  but  I  have  not  met  with  a 
copy.  He  was  well  educated  and  did  some 
respectable  literary  work,  including  a  trans- 
lation of  Casimir  Simienowicz's  '  The  Great 
Art  of  Artillery,'  published  by  J.  Tonson  in 
1729.  The  translation  was  made  from  the 
French  version — a  copy  of  the  Latin  original 
being  unprocurable  —  and  was  undertaken 
purely  by  the  encouragement  of  Col.  Arm- 
strong, Surveyor-General  of  H.M.'s  Ordnance. 
From  1742  until  his  death  in  1760  he  was 
Secretary  to  the  General  Post  Office,  Lombard 
Street,  with  a  salary  of  2001.  a  year.  He  was 
elected  F.K.S.  10  March,  1743,  and  F.S.A. 
2  February,  1744.  On  26  May,  1758,  he 
married  at  Greenwich,  as  her  second  husband, 
a  lady  whom  he  described  in  his  will,  dated 
28  April,  1754,  as  "  my  loving  cousin  Mary 
Jackson,  widow,  now  living  with  me."  He 
died  suddenly  in  one  of  the  official  apart- 
ments of  the  General  Post  Office  12  March, 
1760,  aged  fifty-eight,  and  by  his  desire  was 
buried  with  his  father  at  Deptford.  The 
inscriptions  on  their  tombs  are  given  in 
Hasted's  '  Kent,'  edit.  Drake,  vol.  i.  (all  un- 
fortunately published). 

His  widow  did  not  long  survive,  as  she 
died  24  July,  1761,  aged  fifty-four,  at  her 
house  at  Knightsbridge,  and  was  buried  in 
Westminster  Abbey  (see  'Registers,'  edit. 
J.  L.  Chester,  p.  398).  In  her  will  she  men- 
tions "  my  dear  Mr.  Shelvocke's  picture  drawn 
by  Mr.  Hymer"  (probably  Highmore).  By 
her  first  husband  she  had  a  son,  Charles  Jack- 
son, who  was  Comptroller  at  the  Foreign 
Office,  General  Post  Office,  and  was  living,  as 
late  as  1793,  at  Tooting  ;  and  a  daughter 
Mary,  who  married,  22  May,  1758,  Benjamin 
Cooke,  Mus.Doc.,  organist  of  Westminster 
Abbey,  and  died  19  March,  1784. 

GORDON  GOODWIN. 


WOOD'S  'ATH.  OXON.,'  ED.   BLISS: 

SIR  W.  RALEGH. 

AMONGST  a  number  of  MSS.  penes  me,  that 
formerly  belonged  to  J.  Payne  Collier,  is  a 
letter  dated  22  August,  1851,  addressed  to 
him  by  Dr.  Bliss,  and  written  apparently  for 
the  purpose  of  assisting  him  in  the  collection 
of  materials  for  his  papers  on  the  life  and 
character  of  Sir  W.  Ralegh.  These  papers 
were  read  at  meetings  of  the  Society  of 
Antiquaries,  and  were  printed  in  the  Arckcea- 
logia,  vols.  xxxiv.  and  xxxv.  The  letter 
contains  so  much  of  interest;  as  to  warrant 
its  transcription  in  extenso  : — 


10*8.  III.  JAX.  28,  1905.]          NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


St.  Mary  Hall,  Aug.  22,  1851. 

Mr  DEAR  SIR, — 

On  my  return  home  for  a  little  space  before  I 
proceed  to  the  sea  for  the  remainder  of  the 
vacation,  I  find  your  letter.  You  shall  have  an 
immediate  answer,  first  assuring  you  that  I  have  at 
all  times  much  pleasure  in  giving  you  any  assistance, 
and  that  I  beg  you  will  never  hesitate  to  apply  to 
me  if  you  fancy  I  can  do  so. 

The  cancel  in  Wood  1  would  send  you  if  I  had 
one,  although  I  am  now  ashamed  that  such  a 
bibliographical  curiosity  ever  was  allowed— but  I 
was  then  thirty-seven  years  younger  than  I  am  now, 
which  is  the  only  excuse  (a  very  poor  one,  I  allow) 
I  have  to  offer.  Wood  states  that  Sir  W.  Raleigh 
"devirginated  a  maid  of  honour."  I  printed  an 
indelicate  story  told  by  Aubrey  on  this  subject,  and, 
when  six  or  twelve  (I  forget  which)  copies  had  been 
printed,  took  out  the  tale  and  replaced  it  with  some 
lines  by  Sir  Egerton  Brydges,  which  stand  in  the 

General  impression.  It  was  a  premeditated  cancel 
etween  the  printer,  my  old  friend  Joseph  Harding, 
long  since  dead,  and  myself  ;  but  you  will  do  me  a 
kindness  not  to  notice  it.  There  was  a  similar 
cancel  in  the  account  of  Selden,  both  from  Aubrey's 
MSS.  in  the  Ashmole,  a  selection  from  which  you 
must  know,  printed  about  1812  or  1813,  and  which 
deserves  to  be  referred  to. 

I  have  looked  at  my  slips  of  paper  touching 
Raleigh,  and  find  the  following  :  — 

Matriculated  at  Magdalen,  Nov.  5.  1602  :  "  Gual- 
terus  Rawleygh.  Walceriensis,  equitis  filius  an. 
nat.  16." 

Matriculated  at  Corpus,  Oct.  30, 1607:  "Gualterus 
Ralegh.  Dorcest.  militis  filius  an.  nat.  14.'' 

Matriculated  at  Exeter,  Oct.  14,  1586  :  "  Georgius 
Rawlye.  Devon,  pleb.  fil.  an.  18." 

Matriculated  Alban  Hall,  May  4, 1582  :  "  Georgius 
Raleghe.  Buckingamensis  gen.  fil.  an.  12." 

Matriculated  at  St.  Mary  Hall,  Dec.  1,  1581: 
"  Guiliellmus  Ralegh." 

'Britannia  &  Raleigh,' a  dialogue  in  verse,  £c., 
Marvell's  works,  iii.  314. 

Life  of  William  I.,  by  Ralegh,  MS.  Tanner,  103, 
3b. 

Letters  from  him,  MSS.  Tanner,  278  and  290. 
Poems  by  Sir  W.  R.  among  Rawlinson's  MSS. 
When  the  University  printed  Raleigh's  works,  I 
looked  at  a  portion  of  the  miscellaneous  works, 
and  corrected  them,  without  making  any  parade  of 
the  matter,  from  MSS.  in  Ashmole,  Bodley,  and  the 
B.  Mus.  It  was  not  desired  to  give  various  readings, 
but  I  took  such  as  appeared  to  me  the  best  from  the 
various  materials  before  me.  I  think  I  have  met 
with  one  or  two  poems  that  I  fancied  at  a  subse- 
quent time  1  had  not  before  seen,  but  of  this  I  am 
very  uncertain.  You  say  you  are  going  to  press 
immediately — if  so  I  fear  the  offer  of  aid  would  be 
useless,  but  I  shall  be  here  for  a  week  and  will  do 
anything  I  can. 

In  great  haste 

Very  truly  yours 

PHILIP  BLISS. 
J.  P.  Collier,  Esq. 

P.S.— I  have  been  told  that  there  are  many  most 
valuable  original  letters  by  Raleigh  in  the  State 
Paper  Office,  and  once  was  shown  some  transcripts, 
but  not  allowed  to  have  them,  fearing  I  might 
print. 

There  had  evidently  been  some  corre- 
spondence on  the  subject,  and  Collier  was 


aware  of  one  of  the  leaves  containing  the 
memoir  of  Ralegh  in  Bliss's  edition  of  Wood's 
work  having  been  cancelled,  and  another 
substituted  for  it ;  the  memoir  in  question- 
is  included  in  vol.  ii.  (1815),  and  occupies 
pp.  235-49.  The  following  lines  appear  in 
a  foot-note  at  p.  239,  in  illustration  of  a 
passage  in  the  text  in  which  Ralegh  is  noted 

as     "out     of    favour [inter    alia]    for 

devirginating  a  maid  of  honour  "  : — 

But  in  vain  she  did  conjure  him 

To  depart  her  presence  so. 
Having  a  thousand  tongues  t'  allure  him, 
And  but  one  to  bid  him  go. 
When  lips  invite, 
And  eyes  delight, 

And  cheeks  as  fresh  as  rose  in  June 
Persuade  delay, 
What  boots  to  say, 
"  Forego  me  now,  come  to  me  soon  "  ? 

4  Poems,'  by  Brydges,  12mo,  p.  50^ 

Bliss  attributes  them  to  Brydges,  but  this 
is  certainty  an  error  ;  all  he  did  was  to  edit 
'The  Poems  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh'  (1814). 
The  one  from  which  the  foregoing  lines  are 
quoted  is  headed  '  Dulcina,'  and  consists  of 
five  ten-line  verses,  the  one  copied  being  the 
second.  Hannah  in  his  'Courtly  Poets'  does 
not  assign  the  poem  to  Ralegh  for  want  of 
evidence. 

The  lines  (hardly  worthy  of  the  place  they 
occupy)  simply  acted  as  a  stopgap,  to  replace 
"  an  indelicate  story  "  that  appeared  on  the 
cancelled  leaf,  and  was  transcribed  from 
Aubrey's  MS.  in  the  Bodleian  Library.  To. 
this  no  allusion  is  made  in  the  first  edition  of 
Aubrey's 'Lives  of  Eminent  Men';  but  the 
story  finds  a  place  in  the  second  ('Brief 
Lives,' 1898,  ii.  185),  with  necessary  omissions. 
Xo  conception  can  be  formed  of  the  gross 
character  of  the  anecdote  referred  to  except 
by  perusal  of  the  original  MS. ,  in  which  the 
author  recorded  all  the  gossiping  stories  of 
his  period  without  attempting  to  exercise 
any  discrimination  in  their  selection  or 
rejection,  so  that,  as  noted  by  one  of  his 
biographers,  "his  anecdotes  require  to  be 
read  with  critical  distrust."  Except  as  a 
mere  freak  on  the  part  of  a  young  man  (for 
Bliss  was  considerably  under  thirty  years  at 
the  time),  it  is  difficult  to  understand  why 
he  should  have  perpetrated  "  such  a  biblio- 
graphical curiosity "  as  a  "  premeditated 
cancel,"  not  only  in  the  memoir  of  Ralegh, 
but  of  that  of  Selden  also,  which  latter  is 
now  unable  to  be  identified.  No  copy  of 
either  cancelled  leaf  has  been  preserved  as 
far  as  is  now  known.  All  the  members  of 
the  Ralegh  family  mentioned  in  the  letter 
are  recorded  in  Foster's 'Alumni  Oxon.'  It 
is  interesting  to  learn  that  Bliss  edited  some- 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io*  s.  m.  JAX.  ;»,  iwe. 


of  the  miscellaneous  writings  of  Ralegh  for 
the  eighth  volume  of  the  Oxford  edition  of 
the  works  of  the  latter  (1829),  a  fact  not 
mentioned  in  the  bibliographical  list  of  the 
former  in  the  'D.N.B.'  Who  was  Joseph 
Harding  ? 

The  P.S.  relating  to  the  hindrances 
experienced  by  literary  men  in  the  prose- 
cution of  their  researches  during  the  first 
half  of  the  last  century  offers  a  striking 
contra-st  to  the  assistance,  courtesy,  and 
facilities  for  pursuing  their  inquiries  which 
they  meet  with  at  the  present  day  in  the 
various  public  libraries,  tkc. 

T.  N.  BKUSHFIELD,  M.D. 

•Salterton,  Devon. 


ROBERT  FARREN  CHEETHAM. 
THE  name  of  Robert  Farren  Cheetham 
belongs  only  to  the  byways  of  literary  history 
and  bibliography.  A  brilliant  career 
appeared  to  be  open  to  him,  but  his  own 
high  hopes  and  the  expectations  of  his 
friends  were  frustrated  by  an  early  death. 
His  literary  remains  are  inconsiderable,  but 
they  will  compare  favourably  in  quality  with 
the  productions  at  the  same  age  of  many  who 
have  attained  distinction.  The  notice  of  him 
which  appears  in  Mr.  Finch  Smith's  'Admis- 
sion Register  of  Manchester  School'  can  be 
somewhat  amplified.  He  was  the  son  of  Mr. 
Jonathan  Cheetham,  a  flour  merchant  of 
.Stockport,  and  was  for  five  years  under  the 
care  of  the  Rev.  William  Jackson,  M.A., 
•master  of  the  Free  Grammar  School  at  Stock- 
port.  Cheetham  lavishes  high  praise  on  his 
first  master  as  one  "  whose  heart  was  purely 
•of  celestial  frame."  From  Stockport  the 
.young  scholar  proceeded  to  Manchester,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  Grammar  School  27  July, 
1792.  Three  years  later  he  published  a  tiny 
pamphlet  of  '  Poems,  by  MA9HTH2.'  This 
was  printed  by  George  Nicholson  &  Co., 
Palace  Street,  Manchester,  and  extends  to 
thirty  -  seven  pages,  somewhat  curiously 
numbered.  Nicholson,  who  was  a  man  of 
literary  taste  and  published  many  excellent 
selections,  appears  to  have  admired  the  boy's 
talent  and  included  some  of  his  verses 
in  the  '  Literary  Miscellany.'  The  '  Ode 
on  the  Inadrniration  of  the  Grandest 
Objects  because  daily  before  our  Eyes,' 'On 
the  Superior  Felicity  of  the  Humble  State,' 
and  '  On  the  Mischievous  Effec ts  of  Prosperity ' 
belong  to  a  form  of  literature  now  out  of 
fashion.  In  1796  Cheetham  again  sought 
public  favour.  Nicholson  had  now  left 
Manchester,  and  the  little  volume  of  '  Odes 
and  Miscellanies'  was  printed  by  J.  Clarke, 
of  Stockport,  These  "juvenile  productions" 


are  dedicated  to  Charles  Lawson,  M.A.,  Head 
Master  of  the  Free  Grammar  School, 
Manchester,  as  "a  small  but  sincere  testimony 
of  gratitude  for  his  care  and  instruction 
during  the  last  four  years."  The  dedication 
is  followed  by  a  letter.  "  Many  of  the  pieces 
which  form  the  present  volume,  have  already 
come  before  you  as  school  exercises  ;  not  a 
few  have  received  yourapprobation  :  on  these, 
therefore,  whose  decision  shall  I  fear  ? "  asks 
the  young  poet.  He  mentions  that  he  has 
j  completed  his  nineteenth  year,  and  is  about 
to  leave  school  for  "the  muse- wreathed  banks 
of  Isis."  This  is  the  reason  he  assigns  for  "a 
strong  desire  to  separate  by  publication  the 
efforts  of  the  schoolboy  from  (I  hope)  the 
maturer  productions  of  the  Collegian."  In 
addition  to  Mr.  Lawson  it  appears  that  "  the 
Tenth  Muse,  the  all-accomplished  Seward," 
and  The  British  Critic  had  told  him  that  he 
"can  write."  His  neighbours  seem  to  have 
been  willing  to  encourage  his  talents,  as  there 
is  a  goodly  list  of  subscribers,  in  which  the 
names  of  Cheshire  gentry  and  Manchester 
merchants  are  pleasantly  intermingled.  The 
poem  '  On  the  Love  of  Fame  '  was  spoken  at 
Manchester  School  in  1795.  An  '  Ode  for 
Her  Majesty's  Birthday '  was  spoken  at  the 
Theatre  Royal,  Stockport,  in  the  character  of 
Britannia,  18  January,  1796.  From  an  address 
to  '  Health  '  we  learn  that  the  young  author, 
in  spite  of  temperate  living,  was  daily  in 
physical  anguish  : — 

Yet  still  the  tooth  of  Pain  this  temple  gnaws, 
he  says. 

I  know  thou  tread'st  the  carpet  of  the  plain, 
I  know  thou  lov'st  the  brook-adorned  dell, 
The  dark  embowering  wood  and  mountain's  swell, 
But  now  I  cannot  fly   the  Town  and  Learning's 
chain. 

Pass  a  few  loitering  years  aud  by  the  side 
Of  vallied  brook,  I  '11  woo  thee  for  my  bride  ; 
Till  then  farewell !  a  long  and  sad  adieu  ! 

Unless  Oxonia's  breeze  this  wasting  frame  renew. 
An  address  to  the  'School-Fire'  does  not 

give  one  the  idea  that  the  Manchester  boys 

were  made  too  comfortable  whilst  pursuing 

their  studies: — 

Thy  cheerful  blaze,  dispersing  Winter's  cold, 
Attracts  my  eyes  and  lures  my  frosted  feet : 
In  vain  it  lures,  since  I  can  but  behold 
Thy  flame,  at  useless  distance,  from  my  seat. 
My  chattering  teeth  the  cold,  cold  hour  bespeak, 
My  stiffly-bending  fingers  ask  thine  aid, 
And  deem  it  hard  that  rigid  rules  were  made, 
And  oft  thro'  rigid  rules  would  prompt  to  break. 
E'en  now,  methinks,  in  tantalizing  guise, 
Thy  blaze  arises,  "  smiling  as  in  scorn," 
And  makes  me  Nature's  Sophocles  despise, 
And  cease  with  eye-less  (Edipus  to  mourn. 
O  could  I  change,  Vertumnus-like,  my  form, 

Unken'd   by  Varro's  classic  eyes,   1  'd  catch  thine 
influence  warm. 


8.  III.  JAN.  28,  1903.]         NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


65 


The  book  ends  with  '  Declamatiunculse 
Dute.; 

In  1798  the  same  printer  issued  a  quarto 
pamphlet  of  forty  -  five  pages,  containing 
"Poems  by  Robert  Farren  Cheetham,  of 
Brasen-Nose  Coll.,  Oxon."  This  is  dedicated 
to  Lord  Duncan  :  — 

"  The  song  of  victory  is  certainly  most  grateful 
to  a  Victor's  ear.  To  your  lordship,  therefore,  I 
beg'd  to  present  my  little  offering,  which  you 
deigned  to  accept  with  that  politeness  by  which 
you  are  uo  less  characterized  than  by  your  martial 
spirit." 

This  dedication  is  dated  "Stockport,  August, 
179S."  In  the  preface  the  young  poet  has  a 
shot  at  the  reviewers — those  hardened  foes 
of  literature  '  The  British  Critic,  when  his 
verses  were  published  under  the  pseudonym 
of  Mathetes,  said  that  they  displayed  vigour 
and  melody  ;  but  when  they  were  reissued 
with  Cheetham's  name,  it  declared  that "  they 
abounded  with  puerilities  and  ill-constructed 
rhymes."  This  British  Critic  is  decidedly  at 
a  disadvantage  in  the  encounter.  The  Monthly 
Revieiv  objected  to  the  phrase  "  Cupid's  whet- 
stone," to  whom  Cheetham  opposes  Horace  : 

"  Cupidp 

Semper  ardentes  acuens  sagittas. 
General  and  unappreciative  praise,  or  censure,  I 
despise ;  the  self-important  reprehension  of  igno- 
rance, thanks  to  niy  stars  I  can  heartily  laugh  at ; 
friendly  and  discriminative  correction  or  applause  is 
what  I  earnestly  and  solely  desire  :  and  this  I  have, 
and  have  had  from  some  characters  to  whom  litera- 
ture is  under  the  highest  obligations." 

The  first  piece  in  this  third  collection  is  an 
'Ode  spoken  at  Manchester  School  in  1796.' 
It  ends  :— 

Thrice  happy  Britain  !   quiet  now  thy  fears  ; 
Around  thy  shores  the  duteous  bands  arise, 
Prompt  to  each  virtuous  and  each  bold  emprize, 
And  proud  to  boast  the  name  of  Volunteers. 

This  pamphlet  also  was  published  by  sub- 
scription, but  the  proceeds  were  given  to 
the  contributions  for  the  benefit  of  those 
who  volunteered  into  the  army  at  a  period 
when  projects  of  invasion  were  feared. 
Pictures  of  these  volunteers  in  their  martial 
costume  were  formerly  favourites  in  Man- 
chester homes.  A  second  ode  was  spoken  at 
Manchester  School  in  1797,  and  is  also  full  of 
warlike  ardour  and  denunciations  of  "  the 
recreant  Gaul."  Another  poem  recalls  to 
memory  the  abortive  French  attempt  to 
invade  Ireland.  The  rest  of  the  verse  is  less 
bellicose,  and  we  turn  from  these  echoes  of 
half-forgotten  wars  to  happier  themes.  There 
are  translations  from  Anacreon,  the  "  wild 
and  animated  Statiu.s,"  and  Silius  Italicus, 
and  a  couple  of  suggested  emendations  in 
the  text  of  Anacreon  and  Euripides.  There 


is  a  letter  written  on  Valentine's  Day.  "  The- 
old-fashioned  but  innocent  custom  of  sending, 
valentines,"  we  are  told,  "  is  generally  known, 
to  have  arisen  from  the  prevalent  opinion 
that  birds  on  this  day  begin  their  'amorous, 
dalliance.'  All  the  world  knows  that  St.  Vin- 
cent achieved  his  immortal  victory  on  the- 
same  day." 

It  is  not  easy  to  make  any  selection  from 
Cheetham's  longer  pieces.    Here  is  an  epi- 
gram :  — 
Heaven's  high  command,  "  Thou  shall  not  steal," 

The  lovely  Zara  does  not  keep  ; 
Our  plundered  breasts  her  thefts  reveal ; 

While,  hopeless  of  redress,  we  weep. 

The  last  couplet  of  his  first  pamphlet  reads  : — 

In-Cupid's  wars  the  victors  ever  fly  : 

They  fly  that  wound,  and  they  pursue  that  die. 

Cheetham  did  not  publish  anything  after 
1798.  He  took  his  B.A.  degree  at  Oxford, 
24  June,  1800,  and,  stricken  down  in  the 
twenty-fourth  year  of  his  age,  died  at  Stock- 
port,  13  January,  1801.  An  untimely  ending 
to  a  promising  career  : — 
Cut  is  the  branch  that  might  have  grown  full 

straight, 
And  burned  is  Apollo's  laurel  bough. 

WILLIAM  E.  A.  AXON. 
Manchester. 


t;  JOCKTELEG."  (See  8th  S.  vii.  506;  viii.  113; 
9th  S.  vi.  328.)— In  the  eighth  chapter  of  the 
1  Life  of  Sir  Walter  Scott,'  Lockhart,  referring 
to  Dr.  Somerville,  the  venerable  minister  of 
Jedburgh,  says,  "We  heard  him  preach  an 
excellent  circuit  sermon  when  he  was  up- 
wards of  eighty-two ;  and  at  the  judge's- 
dinner  afterwards  he  was  among  the  gayest 
of  the  company."  In  1813-14  Somerville- 
was  confined  to  the  house  by  an  accident^ 
and  he  turned  his  leisure  to  good  account 
by  writing  '  My  Own  Life  and  Times, 
1741-1814.'  In  the  chapter  of  the  work 
devoted  to  Scotland  as  it  was  in  the  author'* 
.early  days,  a  reference  is  made  to  the 
unsatisfactory  character  of  the  inns  that  were- 
then  in  existence.  They  were  so  ill  provided 
with  utensils,  for  example,  that  travellers- 
had  to  carry  with  them  their  own  knives- 
and  forks  "  in  a  case  deposited  in  the  side 
pocket  of  their  small  clothes."  Having  stated 
this,  Somerville  proceeds  thus  : — 

"And  I  may  here  mention  that  it  was  not  only  in 
travelling  that  this  case  and  its  contents  were 
called  into  requisition.  Most  of  the  clergy,  on  the- 
occasion  of  their  catechetical  examinations— when, 
according  to  ancient  custom,  it  was  their  duty  to 
dine  with  the  farmer  of  the  district  visited— and 
the  greater  number  of  the  company  at  weddings  and 
public  dinners  were  similarly  provided.  The  knife 
most  in  use  was  called  Joclcteleg,  a  corruption  or 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io<»  s.  HI.  JAN.  28,  IMS. 


John  of  Liegf.,  the  most  celebrated  cutler  in  that 
city  in  the  century  before  last,  and  the  inventor  of 
that  species  of  manufacture." 

Although  this  extract  does  not  meet  the 
point  raised  at  the  last  reference,  it  is  an 
important  confirmation  of  previous  state- 
ments on  the  meaning  of  a  singular  term, 
and  it  has  special  interest  as  the  evidence  of 
a  man  whose  father  counted  Allan  Ramsay 
among  his  intimate  friends,  and  who  himself 
knew  personally  Robertson,  Hume,  Adam 
Smith,  Lord  Monboddo,  Burns,  and  Scott. 
Burns  visited  Jedburgh  in  his  Border  tour  of 
1787,  and  in  the  journal  he  kept  during  his 
progress  he  refers  to  Somerville  as  "the 
clergyman  of  the  place,  a  man  and  a  gentle- 
man, but  sadly  addicted  to  punning."  Dr. 
Somerville  died  on  May  1C,  1830. 

THOMAS  BAYNE. 

'VISITATIONS  OP  SOUTHWELL.'— This  interest- 
ing record  was  edited  for  the  Camden  Society 
in  1891  by  Mr.  A.  F.  Leach.  On  p.  119  a 
testator  mentions  his  house,  land  and  appur- 
tenances "within  Morton  towne  and  foyeder," 
which  last  word  the  editor  suggests  means 
*'  for  ever."  But  it  is  merely  somebody's 
misreading  of  "  fey  Ides,"  i.e.,  fields,  a  quite 
usual  phrase.  On  p.  121  another  testator 
leaves  his  "  tuffall  of  paysen  the  which 
standeth  over  inyn  oxen,"  and  the  editor 
marks  "tuffall"  with  "query."  It  is  "  to- 
fall,"  i.e.  fall-to,  now  called  a  lean-to.  Mention 
is  made  on  p.  129  of  the  house  of  black- 
friars  "  at  the  greate  fote  "  in  Lincoln,  which 
the  editor  cannot  explain  unless  it  be  great 
•font.  This  is  doubtless  another  misreading, 
and  should  be  "grease,"  i.e.,  stair;  the 
"  grecian  stairs  "  are  mentioned  in  Maddison's 
4  Vicars-Choral  of  Lincoln,'  1878,  p.  26. 

W.  C.  B. 

ANGELO  BENEDETTO  VENTURA.  (See  9th  S. 
ii.  368.)-In  The  Times  of  18  March,  1828, 
there  is  an  advertisement  for 
'"  heirs  at  law  of  Caroline  Ventura  (wife  of  Angelo 
Benedetto  Ventura),  formerly  of  Shenley  Hill,  in 
'the  county  of  Hertford,  afterwards  of  Southampton 

Row,  Bloomsbury but  late  of  Kilburn 

•deceased  (who  died  in  the  month  of  August),"  &c. 

LEO  CULLETON. 

STAFFORD  :  TATTON.— The  writer  will  be 
glad  to  communicate  with  the  descendants  (if 
any)  of  the  three  daughters  of  John  Stafford, 
of  Macclesfield,  Esq.,  attorney-at-law,  and 
Lucy,  fifth  daughter  of  William  Tatton, 
of  Wythenshawe,  co.  Chester,  Esq.  Sarah, 
eldest  daughter,  married  Harry  Langford,  of 
Macclesfield,  Gent.  Lucy,  second  daughter, 
living  in  1807,  married  Samuel  Wilkinson, 
Esq  ,  sometime  colonel  of  the  Surrey  Militia. 
.Penelope  Margaret,  third  and  youngest 


daughter,  married  the  Rev.  Richard  Popple- 
well  Johnson,  rector  of  Ashton-upon-Mersey, 
living  1807,  and  had  a  daughter  named 
Catherine.  JUBAL  STAFFORD. 

7,  Grange  Avenue,  Heaton  Chapel,  by  Stockport. 

"NUMBER-MEN." — I  recently  came  across 
this  term  for  the  first  time,  and,  as  it  is 
probably  unknown  to  the  Philological  Society, 
make  a  note  of  it. 

It  is  used  by  an  old  Liverpool  publishing 
firm  upon  the  wrappers  of  their  'Grand  Folio 
Bible,'  dated  1813,  when  referring  to  their 
canvassing  agents,  thus  :  "Those  subscribers, 
therefore,  who  choose  to  be  accommodated 
with  the  Apocrypha  may  now  be  supplied  by 

giving  orders  to  the Number-men."  In  the 

United  States  the  term  "  back-number-men  " 
is  still  applied  to  old-book  dealers  who  stock 
serials.  WM.  JAGGARD. 

139,  Canning  Street,  Liverpool. 

'  THE  LASS  OF  RICHMOND  HILL.'  (See  ante, 
p.  20.)— For  "  Surrey  "  should  be  read  York- 
shire. A.  H. 

[Our  contributor  speaks  positively.  It  will  be 
well,  however,  to  consult  what  was  said  in  the  very 
long  discussion  in  the  last  four  volumes  of  the  Fifth 
Series.  ] 

"  FED  UP." — Within  the  past  three  or  four 
years,  the  slang  term  "fed  up"  has  come  into 
common  use,  meaning — as  if  from  overfed  or 
stuffed  full — that  some  practice  is  being  so 
overdone  as  to  be  wearisome.  It  is  now  to 
be  found  in  such  a  serious  place  as  the  City 
article  of  The  Times,  in  which,  on  1  Oct.,  1904, 
applauding  a  decision  of  the  Government  to 
make  an  immediate  issue  of  Exchequer 
bonds,  it  was  said  : — 

"  We  are,  indeed,  of  opinion  that  November  would 
not  have  proved  a  very  convenient  time  from  the 
City's  point  of  view,  whatever  may  have  been  the 
feeling  of  the  City  at  the  beginning  of  August,  when 
every  one  was  in  a  state  of  nervous  apprehension 
regarding  new  issues  of  any  kind,  and  particularly 
issues  of  high-class  securities,  with  which  they 
were,  to  use  an  expressive  piece  of  slang,  '  fed  up.' " 
ALFRED  F.  ROBBINS. 

"  TOURMALINE  "  :  ITS  ETYMOLOGY.  —  This 
important  mineralogical  term  is  remarkable 
for  the  variety  of  ways  in  which  our  dic- 
tionaries explain  its  origin.  The  only  point 
of  agreement  between  them  is  that  it  has 
something  to  do  with  Ceylon.  The  oracle  of 
our  school  -  days,  Nuttall,  derives  it  from 
"  Tour mal i,  in  Ceylon,"  apparently  a  place- 
name.  The  '  Century '  says  it  is  "  from 
tournamal,  a  name  given  to  this  stone  in 
Ceylon."  The  '  Encyclopaedic  '  says  "  from 
the  Cingalese  turamali,  under  which  name 
it  was  first  introduced  into  Europe  in  1703." 


10*  S.  III.  JAN.  28,  1905.]          NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


67 


No  authority  is  quoted  for  any  of  these 
opinions,  so  I  have  had  some  trouble  in 
ascertaining  the  facts.  I  find  that  the 
'Encyclopaedic'  is  alone  correct.  Its  in- 
forination  is  from  Garmann's  '  Curiosse  Specu- 
lationes,'  a  book  published  at  Chemnitz  in 
1707,  in  which  turamali  is  given  as  the 
Ceylon  term  for  this  stone.  Fortunately 
there  is  a  good  modern  Cingalese  dictionary,  | 
by  B.  Clough,  1892,  which  has  enabled  me 
to  verify  Garmann's  statement.  Clough  gives 
"  Toramalli,  a  general  name  for  the  cor- 
nelian." Obviously,  turamali  and  toramalli 
are  merely  variant  orthographies  of  the  one 
Cingalese  word,  and  obviously  our  tourmaline 
is  taken  from  it.  The  etymology  perpetuated 
in  the  '  Century '  is  the  reverse  of  the  truth. 
Tourmaline  is  practically  pure  Cingalese. 
Tournamal  is  hopelessly  corrupt. 

JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

"  THE  NAKED  BOY  AND  COFFIN."— The  City 
Press  of  Saturday,  3  December,  1904,  states 
as  follows,  and  as  the  matter  is  of  some 
interest  to  the  increasing  number  of  those 
who  have  a  regard  for  the  past  of  London, 
I  venture  to  send  it  for  preservation  in 
•N.&Q.':- 

"  We  are  told  that  the  Guildhall  Museum  has 
been  placed  in  possession  of  another  curious  old 
City  sign,  which  was  displayed  in  the  seventeenth 
century  outside  an  undertaker's  shop  that  was 
situate  at  the  corner  of  Fleet  Lane  and  Farringdon 
Street.  The  naked  boy  is  the  only  portion  of  the 
sign  that  has  been  recovered,  the  miniature  coffin, 
which  hung  with  it,  having  been  lost.  The  figure 
is  a  good  piece  of  carving  in  wood.  Some  idea  of 
the  original  sign  may  be  gathered  from  the  head  of 
an  old  advertisement,  on  which  are  depicted  the 
coffin  and  the  naked  boy  swinging  together.  The 
advertisement  issued  by  the  citizen  of  old  ran  as 
follows  : — 

"  '  At  ye  lower  corner  of  Fleet  Lane,  at  ye  signe 
of  ye  Naked  Boy  and  Coffin,  you  may  be  accom- 
modated with  all  things  for  a  funeral,  as  well  ye 
meanest  as  those  of  greater  ability,  upon  reasonable 
terms ;  more  particularly  coffins,  shrouds,  palls, 
cloakes,  sconces,  stars,  hangings  for  rooms,  heraldry, 
hearse  and  coaches,  gloves,  with  all  other  things 
not  here  mentioned,  by  Wm.  Grindly,  Coffin 
Maker.'" 

W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY. 

Westminster. 

[MR.  G.  YARROW  BALDOCK  also  refers  to  the 
article  in  The  City  Press.] 

"  PROGRESSIVE."  —  This  word  has  of  late 
become  quite  a  recognized  party  term  in 
municipal  politics,  but  the  occasion  of  its 
being  so  first  used  does  not  seem  to  be 
generally  known.  The  writer  believes  it  to 
have  been  appropriated  for  party  purposes 
under  the  following  circumstances.  A  Par- 
liamentary candidate,  some  few  years  ago,  for 
a  Midland  constituency  was  pressed  by  the 


clergy  for  a  declaration  of  his  views  as  to 
Church  property,  and  he  thereupon  stated 
that  he  was  prepared,  if  elected,  to  oppose 
disestablishment  in  any  form.  The  consti- 
tuency rejected  him,  and  he  shortly  afterwards 
stood  for  a  borough  where  the  middle-class 
vote  was  strong,  and  he  stated  in  his  address 
that  lie  was  ready  to  vote  at  once  for  dis- 
establishment of  the  Church  in  Wales,  and 
that  his  mind  was  open  as  to  doing  the 
same  in  the  case  of  the  Church  of  England 
generally.  Thereupon  a  letter  in  an  opposi- 
tion morning  paper,  calling  attention  to  his 
former  declarations,  congratulated  the  con- 
stituency on  the  prospect  of  having  a 
member  "  whose  principles  progressed  with  the 
requirements  of  his  candidature,"  and  the 
letter  was  headed  '  Progressive  Politics.'  This 
was  in  1884.  The  term  seems  to  have  struck 
some  astute  political  organizer(whohoped  that 
its  origin  as  above  would  be  forgotten)  as  an 
excellently  suggestive  label  for  party  pur- 
poses ;  and,  so  far  as  the  writer  has  been  able 
to  ascertain,  it  was  then  first  used  by  the 
advanced  party  in  municipal  politics.  There 
is  a  curious  analogy  to  this  in  the  belief  that 
the  term  "  Liberal "  was  first  suggested  to  the 
political  party  in  England  which  has  since 
appropriated  it  by  an  article  in  a  Tory  review 
which  reproached  the  Whigs  and  Radicals  of 
the  day  with  their  meanness  and  illiberality 
towards  their  political  opponents. 

G.  B.  F. 
[For  Liberal  as  party  name  see  8th  S.  v.  168,  272, 490.] 

WOMAN,  HEAVEN'S  SECOND  THOUGHT. — 
George  Meredith,  in  '  Diana  of  the  Cross- 
ways,'  makes  his  heroine  say  (ch.  xiv.) : — 

"  I  suppose  we  women  are  taken  to  be  the  second 
thoughts  of  the  Creator  ;  human  nature's  fringes, 
mere  finishing  touches,  not  a  part  of  the  texture." 

Steele,  in  his  'Christian  Hero'  (p.  48, 
ed.  1802),  says  of  Adam  : — 

"He  awaked,  and  by  a  secret  sympathy  beheld 
his  wife ;  he  beheld  his  own  rougher  make  softened 
into  sweetness,  and  tempered  into  smiles  :  he  saw 
a  creature,  who  had  as  it  were  Heaven's  second 
thought  in  her  formation." 

It  is  interesting  to  observe  both  the  coinci- 
dence of  the  idea  and  the  different  applica- 
tions of  it  in  the  earlier  and  later  writers. 
The  obvious  parallel  of  Burns's  "prentice 
han' "  with  the  passage  in  Steele  has  been 
noticed  by  me  already  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  (10th 
S.  i.  357).  C.  LAWRENCE  FORD. 

LADY  LUCY  HAMILTON  SANDYS.— She  was 
evidently  an  intimate  of  Nell  Gwyn's,  as  she 
occurs  as  ';  my  Lady  Sanes"  in  one  of  Nelly's 
bills  for  sedan  chairs,  dated  13  October,  1675, 
and  was  the  first  witness  to  that  famous 
woman's  will.  Rochester  mentioned  "the 


68 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io*  s.  in.  JAX.  28, 1005. 


good  Lady  Sands "  in  one  of  his  satires 
(1678).  She  was  buried  in  Westminster 
Abbey,  near  the  font,  on  4  August,  1687,  from 
the  parish  of  St.  James,  Westminster.  As 
she  died  intestate,  her  estate  was  adminis- 
tered to  on  15  August  by  Frances,  Countess 
Dowager  of  Portland,  as  principal  creditor. 
Col.  Chester,  in  a  learned  note,  identifies  her 
as  a  daughter  of  George  Kirke,  the  notorious 
Groom  of  the  Bedchamber  to  King  Charles  II., 
by  his  first  wife  Anne,  daughter  of  Sir  Robert 
Killigrew  ('Westminster  Abbey  Registers,' 
p.  218).  These  particulars,  I  regret  to  say, 
do  not  appear  in  Peter  Cunningham's  '  Story 
of  Nell  Gwyn  '  (ed.  1904). 

GORDON  GOODWIN. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  sent  to  them 
direct. 

" PERFICIENT."— In  Webster's  'Dictionary,' 
1828,  this  word  is  entered  only  as  a  noun, 
and  explained  as  "one  who  endows  a 
charity."  Although  this  entry  has  been 
taken  from  Webster  by  nearly  every  later 
dictionary,  none  of  these  has  adduced  any 
authority  for  it.  We  shall  be  obliged  to 
any  one  who  can  refer  us  to  a  place  where 
"perficient"  is  so  used,  and  still  more  for 
a  quotation.  "Perficient"  was  formerly  a 
common  adjective;  "  perficient  founder'"  is 
applied  by  Blackstone  to  the  endower  of  an 
eleemosynary  corporation,  just  as  "pious 
founder"  might  be;  but  '•  perficient"  and 
"pious,"  so  used,  are  not  the  founder  himself, 
but  adjectives  qualifying  him.  No  one  has,  I 
think,  shortened  "a  pious  founder"  into  "a 
pious  "  ;  has  any  one  (out  of  the  dictionaries) 
called  a  perficient  founder  "a  perficient"? 
J.  A.  H.  MURRAY. 

'PARADISE  LOST'  OF  1751.— Can  any  of 
your  readers  throw  light  upon  a  copy  of 
'  Paradise  Lost,'  which  1  cannot  identify  with 
any  of  the  described  editions,  and  which  is 
not,  I  understand,  in  the  Catalogue  of  the 
British  Museum  1  It  is  a  duodecimo  of 
350  pp.,  followed  by  an  unpaged  index  of 
subjects,  of  the  nature  of  a  concordance. 
There  are  two  consecutive  title-pages,  iden- 
tical in  wording,  place,  and  date,  but 
differing  in  the  order  of  the  publishers' 
names,  as  well  as  in  type  and  quality  of 
paper.  The  first  is  in  a  clear  well-cut  type 
on  thick  paper  ;  the  second  is  in  inferior 
type  on  coarser  paper.  The  title  runs  :— 


"Paradise  Lost.  |  A  Poem  in  Twelve  Books.  \ 
The  Author  |  John  Milton.  |  London  MDCCLI." 

But  the  first  title-page  has  : — 

"  Printed  for   J.   &  R.  Tonson  and  S.  Draper, 
T.    Longman,    S.    Birt,   E.  Wicksted,    C.    Hitch, 
J.    Hodges,    B.    Dodd,    C.    Corbet,    J.    Bdtidley 
J.  Oswald,  and  J.  Ward." 

The  second  : — 

"Printed  for  J.  &  R.  Tonson  and  S.  Draper  • 
and  for  S.  Birt,  T.  Lonyman,  G.  Hitch,  J.  Hodges, 
B.  Dod,  E.  Wicktted,  J.  Oswald,  J.  Ward,  J. 
Brindley,  and  C.  Corbtt." 

These  title-pages  are  followed  by  a  dedica- 
tion (headed  by  his  heraldic  achievement)  to 
the  "Right  Honourable  John,  Lord  Sommers, 
Baron  of  Evesham,"  undated  and  unsigned  ; 
but  as  it  refers  to  his  "  Lordship's  encourage- 
ment that  occasioned  the  first  appearing  of 
this  Poem  in  the  Folio  Edition,"  his  Lordship's 
"ever  obliged  Servant"  was  evidently  Jacob 
Tonson  the  elder,  whose  sumptuous  folio 
edition,  published  by  subscription  in  1688, 
owed  much  of  its  success  to  Lord  Somers's 
exertions. 

Next  comes  Elijah  Fenton's  '  Life  of 
Milton'  (pp.  xxviii),  and  a  postscript  giving 
the  author's  connecting  lines  between  the 
eighth  and  twelfth  books,  and  some  new 
additions  in  other  places  of  the  poem. 

The  commendatory  poems,  in  Latin  by 
Samuel  Barrow,  M.D.,  in  English  by  Andrew 
Marvel,  originally  prefixed  to  the  second 
edition  in  1674,  follow,  and  the  paragraph 
headed  the  'Verse,'  defending  the  absence 
of  rime. 

Then  come  the  twelve  books  in  order, 
each  with  the  argument  prefixed  and  with 
the  illustrations  designed  by  Hayman,  and 
engraved  by  J.  S.  Muller,  for  Bishop  Newton's 
edition  of  Milton,  published  in  1749.  There 
are  also  numerous  vignettes  and  tail-pieces, 
as  well  as  Vertue's  portrait  of  Milton.  The 
book  is  in  its  original  leather  binding,  and 
has  belonged  at  various  dates  between  1790 
and  1815  to  Betty  Dosson  and  Elizabeth 
Durston,  of  Shapwick,  Somerset. 

The  difficulty  is  to  reconcile  the  dates  of 
the  various  parts  of  the  book.  The  date 
1751  and  Hayman's  illustrations  suggest 
Bishop  Newton's  edition,  but  the  first  volume 
of  that,  published  in  1749,  had  a  life  and 
elaborate  notes,  which  this  book  does  not 
contain,  nor  is  there  anything  to  indicate 
that  it  is  a  second  or  abridged  edition. 

Can  it  be  a  composite  volume  pieced 
together  by  some  collector? 

J.  A.  HEWITT,  Canon. 
Cradock,  S.A. 

DETTINGEN  TROPHIES. — Salmon's  'Modern 
History :  or  the  Present  State  of  all  Nations, 


io«'S.m.jAx.2s,i905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


69 


third  edit.,  1744-6,  contains  at  vol.  ii.  p.  831 
the  following  account  of  some  of  the  trophies 
of  the  British  victory  at  Dettingen  : — 

"List  of  French  standards  taken  at  the  battl 
near  Dettingen,  on  the  16th  of  June,  O.S.  1743. 

'1.  A  white  standard  finely  embroidered  wi',1 
gold  and  silver,  a  thunder-bolt  in  the  middle,  upon 
a  blue  and  white  ground.  Motto,  Sentere  Giyantes 
Both  sides  the  same. 

"  2.  A  red  standard,  two  hands  with  a  sword 
and  with  a  laurel  wreath  and  imperial  crown  at  top 
Motto,  Incorrttpta  Fi'fes  ct-  avita  Virtu*.  On  the 
other  side  the  sun.  Motto.  JW  p1uril>m  impar. 

"3.  A  yellow  standard,  embroidered  with  golc 
and  silver,  the  sun  in  the  middle.  No  motto. 

"  4.  A  green  ditto,  in  the  same  way. 

"5.  The  mast  of  another  torn  off,  but  appears  to 
have  been  red. 

"6.  A  white  standard,  embroidered  with  goldanc 
silver ;  in  the  middle  a  bunch  of  nine  arrows  tiec 
with  a  wreath,  all  stained  with  blood,  the  lance 
broke ;  the  Cornet  killed  without  falling,  being 
buckled  behind  to  his  horse,  and  his  standarc 
buckled  to  him.  Motto.  Alt  trim  Jo»'i*,a}(era  Tda 
This  standard  belonged  to  the  Musquetaires  Noirs, 
and  was  taken  by  a  serjeant  of  Lieutenant  General 
Hawley's  of  the  right  squadron  of  the  whole  line. 

"In  a  private  letter  concerning  this  battle,  we 
were  told,  that  Sir  Robert  Rich's  regiment  having 
lost  their  standard,  a  private  man  rode  into  a 
squadron  of  French  horse,  sword  in  hand,  and 
retook  it." 

A  marginal  note  to  the  last  paragraph 
says,  "  Thomas  Brown  of  Kirkleatham, 
Yorkshire." 

Are  these  standards  in  existence  now  ? 
ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

ROYAL  REGIMENTS  OF  THE  LINE. — What  is 
the  origin  of  regiments  of  the  army  being 
styled  Royal  Regiments  ?  and  does  the 
honour  carry  any  privileges  with  it  ?  What 
is  the  list  of  Royal  Regiments  previous  to 
the  introduction  of  the  territorial  designa- 
tions in  1881  ?  R.  S.  C. 

ANCIENT  RELIGIOUS  HOUSES.— Can  any 
reader  oblige  by  giving  some  reference  to  two 
of  the  above,  believed  to  have  been  situated 
in  the  county  of  Bucks,  but  not  described  in 
the  local  histories — viz.,  of  Thwaites  and  of 
Gore  (or  Gare),  near  Hanslope  ?  R.  B. 

Upton. 

TYRRELL  FAMILY.— What  object  can  Lips- 
comb's  '  Buckingham  '  have  in  giving  only 
five  sons  to  Baronet  Thomas  of  Thornton  1 
Burke's  '  Extinct  Baronetcies '  says  "  Sir 
Thomas  Tyrrell  had  six  sons  and  four 
daughters";  Foster's  'Peerage'  says  six 
sons  ;  Browne  Willis  says  "  six,"  and  observes 
at  the  births  of  some  Tyrrell  children,  "  Two 
leaves  are  cut  out  of  the  parish  register " 
(1735). 

Again,  what  motive  had  Lipscomb,  in  his 
1847  edition,  in  making  Sir  Charles  Tyrrell 


die  the  year  of  his  daughter's  marriage 
(1755)?  The  Gentleman's  Mariazine.  The  Lon- 
don Magazine,  and  other  periodicals  of  that 
century,  publish  his  death  in  January,  1749; 
and  the  War  Office  lists  discharged  him 
"dead  "  in  1749. 

Lastly,  what  has  become  of  the  gravestones 
off  the  church-vault  of  the  Tyrrell  family  ? 
Lysons's  'Buckingham'  remarks,  "Thornton 
Church  has  been  comfortably  refitted,  but 
the  antiquary  will  regret  the  removal  of  the 
monuments."  GRAY'S  ELEGY. 

"CUT  THE  LOSS." — What  is  the  origin  of 
the  phrase  ''cut  the  loss"?  In  The  Standard, 
Friday,  16  December,  1904,  p.  5,  one  reads : — 

"  The  estate  secured  by  the  French  Carthusians 
in  Cambridgeshire — between  Ely  and  Peterborough 
— which  cost  nearly  10,100A,  has  been  abandoned 
by  that  community  as  being  unsuitable  for  their 
particular  agricultural  requirements.  The  monks 
were  to  have  built  a  large  Brother  House  on  the 
estate  on  their  expulsion  from  France,  and  an  agent 
of  the  Brotherhood  made  the  purchase.  The  Carthu- 
sians are  eminently  practical  agriculturists,  and 
when  the  advance  guard  appeared  on  the  scene, 
and  saw  the  land,  they  decided  that  they  could  not 
occupy  it.  They  are  now  settled  in  Essex,  and  are 
prepared  to  cut  the  loss,  which  is  expected  to  be 
considerable.'' 

E.  S.  DODGSON. 

VERSCHOYLE  :  FOLDEN. — I  desire  informa- 
tion about  the  name  Yerschoyle.  It  is 
obviously  French  ;  but  is  it  the  name  of  a 
place,  or  a  personal  or  Christian  name  ? 

Folden  is  a  surname  of  which  I  have  not 
been  able  to  obtain  any  information,  even 
after  consulting  the  latest  works  on  the 
origin  of  British  surnames.  Foulden  occurs 
as  a  place-name  in  England  and  Scotland, 
and  there  is  a  Folden  Fiord  on  the  west  coast 
of  Norway.  Is  the  name  of  Scandinavian 
origin  ?  What  is  its  meaning  ? 

W.   G.    WlNTEMBERG. 
Toronto. 

"  THE  GENTLE  SHAKESPEARE."— At  the  risk 
of  being  thought  ignorant  or  stupid,  may  I 

je  allowed  to  give  expression  to  some  ''obsti- 
nate questionings  "  suggested  by  the  presence 
of  this  epithet  in  the  celebrated  lines  "  to  the 

•eader,"  under  the  portrait  of  William  Shake- 
speare (of  Stratford)  on  the  first  page  of  the 
Shakespeare  Folio  of  1623,  and  signed  B.  J., 
standing,  of  course,  for  Ben  Jonson  1 

And  the  first  of  these  "questionings"  is — 
Who  was  "the  gentle  Shakespeare"  referred 
to?  Of  course,  I  shall  be  told  that  he  was  the 
original  of  the  "  figure  "  placed  above.  But, 

f  so,  then  I  want   to  know  why  the  term 

'  gentle"  is  applied  to  him.  Is  it  as  an  attri- 
bute of  his  birth,  or  his  character  and  dis- 


70 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [ioi"  s.  in.  JAN.  as,  uos. 


position  ?  If  the  former,  how  is  it  appro- 
priate ?  Did  not  the  heralds  refuse  his  claim 
to  the  right  of  bearing  arms  ?  And  did  not 
Jonson  himself  ridicule  his  claim  ?  If  the 
latter,  what  evidence  is  there  that  he  de- 
served it  ?  Are  there  not  indications  in  the 
known  facts  concerning  him  that  he  did  not? 
Was  he  not  litigious  and  a  relentless  creditor  ? 
And  did  not  Jonson  speak  of  his  "saucy 
jests,"  and  Greene  of  his  "tiger's  heart 
wrapped  in  a  player's  hide  "  ? 
_  These  matters  seem  contradictory,  and  give 
rise  to  the  suggestion  that  Jonson  had  some 
one  else  in  his  mind  when  speaking  of  "  the 
gentle  Shakespeare,"  Who  was  it  ?  Was  it, 
as  the  Baconians  say,  Francis  Bacon,  who 
assumed  the  name  of  "Shakespeare,"  and 
•wrote  under  it  as  a  pen-name  1  If  so,  does 
not  the  meaning  of  the  inscription  become 
clear,  and  susceptible  of  the  following  para- 
phrase and  interpretation  (I  assume  that 
readers  have  the  inscription  before  them  or 
in  their  memory)  ?— 

"  The  figure  or  portrait  above  was  cut  (engraved) 
and  inserted  ^here  for  (instead,  or  in  the  place,  of) 
the  Gentle  Shakespeare  (the  Shakespeare  of  the 
following  plays— Francis  Bacon,  who  was  'gentle' 
both  by  birth  and  disposition). 

"In  executing  it  the  engraver  endeavoured  to 
produce  a  likeness  more  lifelike  than  nature. 

"  0  could  ke  have  drawn  his  wit  (the  Gentle 
Shakespeare's)  as  well  in  brass  as  he  has  hit  his 
face  (the  features  of  the  other),  the  print  would 
have  surpassed  in  beauty  any  engraving  before  pro- 
duced. 

"But,  since  he  cannot  (or  could  not).  Reader, 
look  (for  that  wit)  not  at  his  picture  (the  Stratford 
man's  picture),  but  hit  book  ('  the  Gentle  Shake- 
speare's '  book)." 

Now,  I  do  not  think  I  should  have  ven- 
tured to  make  these  inquiries  and  sugges- 
tions, but  that  I  see  the  same  view  taken  by 
a  recent  writer,  Mr.  Pitt-Lewis,  K.C.,  a  well- 
known  authority  on  the  law  of  evidence,  who, 
moreover,  places  side  by  side  on  the  cover  of 
his  book  (' The  Shakespeare  Story  ')  the  por- 
traits of  "  Shakespeare  "  and  Bacon,  by  way 
of  contrast,  and,  as  it  were,  of  antithesis, 
pointing  out  that  round  the  latter  is  printed 
the  legend,  "  Si  tabula  daretur  digna  animam 
mallem"— the  text,  as  it  would  seem,  of 
Jonson's  reflections  on  and  under  the  other. 

All  these  things  seem  to  me  perplexing, 
and  I  see  no  way  out  of  my  perplexities  at 
present  except  through  the  Baconian  heresy. 
Can  any  readers  of  'X.  &  Q.'  save  me  from 
the  consequences  ?  JOHN  HUTCHIXSON. 

Middle  Temple  Library. 

[1.  "  Gentle  "  means  of  a  character  appropriate  to 
good  birth  ;  see  the  '  N.E.D.'  Surely  it  was  in  those 
days  a  traditional  term  of  compliment.  Is  there 
anything  heraldic  in  "Gentle  shepherd,  tell  me 
where  ?  2.  Unless  this  adjective  is  unsuitable  to 


Shakespeare,  the  whole  inscription  is  as  clear  with 
the  ordinary  interpretation  as  without  it— clearer, 
indeed,  since  "  his  "  has  not,  to  refer  to  two  different 
persons  in  one  sentence.] 

WEEPER  IN  THE  HOUSE  OF  COMMONS.— In 
that  very  curious  book  'The  Court  of  Cacus,' 
by  Alex.  Leighton  (1861,  p.  46),  reference  is 
made  to  "  the  weeper  in  the  House  of  Com- 
mons, who  cried  like  a  crocodile  with  his 
hands  in  his  breeches  pockets."  What  is  the 
origin  of  this  jocosity?  JAMES  HOOPER. 

Norwich. 

VERSES  :  AUTHOR  WANTED. — 

The  waking  lark  y*  earely  knows  to  draw  the  night 

awaye 
Puts  in  my  minde  the  trumpe  y*  blowes  before  the 

latter  daye. 

The...  to  invite  the  great  god  sent  a  starre, 
Whose  friends  and  nerest  kin  great  princes  are. 
Who  though  they  run  the  waie  (?)  or  sin  and  dye, 
Death  seames  but  to  refine  ther  maiestye. 
So  died  the  Queene  and  did  her  courte  remove 
ffrom  this  base  earth  to  be  enthronde  above. 
Then  she  is  changde,  not  dead— no  good  prince  dies, 
But  onlye,  like  the  sun,  doth  set  to  rise. 

This  verse,  with  some  riming  proverbs  in  the 
same  handwriting  (early  seventeenth  cen- 
tury), is  on  a  fly-leaf  of  a  copy  of  Philip 
Barrough's  '  Method  of  Phisick,'  R.  Field, 
159G.  I  send  it  to  ask  if  it  is  known. 

H.  H.  PEACH. 

37,  Belvoir  Street,  Leicester. 

"  STICKPENNY." — In  1601  all  the  inhabitants 
of  Cawston,  Norfolk,  had  rights  of  pasture 
on  the  common,  or  Common  Bruery,  for  all 
sorts  of  beasts,  and  might  take  heath,  ling, 
flags,  &c.,  on  paying  the  queen  13s.  4d.  a 
year,  by  the  name  of  "Stickpenny."  Else- 
where it  is  stated  that  they  gave  lOd.  yearly 
for  "stick  pence,"  collected  by  the  hey  ward, 
at  Michaelmas.  Was  "stickpenny"  a  recog- 
nized legal  term?  or  was  it  peculiar  to  this 
Norfolk  parish  ?  JAMES  HOOPER. 

Norwich. 

RUPERT  AS  A  CHRISTIAN  NAME.— The  Taller 
of  26  Oct.,  1904,  had  a  picture  of  the  German 
Crown  Prince  and  a  small  boy.  Beneath  is  a 
note  of  the  family  of  the  King  of  Bavaria,  and 
the  statement  that  the  eldest  son  of  the  Arch- 
duchess Maria  Theresa  of  Austria-Este  "  bears 
the  fine  old  Stuart  name  of  Rupert."  I  always 
thought  Rupert  was  a  German  name,  and  I 
shall  be  glad  if  any  one  can  tell  me  if  any  of 
the  kingly  house  of  Stuart  ever  had  such  a 
Christian  "name,  except  Rupert— Prince  Pala- 
tine— who  can  hardly  be  called  a  Stuart. 
Ordinary  information  is  one  matter,  but 
historical  accuracy  is  a  necessity. 

HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 


ws.m.jAx.28,1905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


71 


THE  ENVIED  FAVOURITE. 
(10th  S.  ii.  505.) 

ALL  students  of  folk-lore  will  be  grateful 
to  MR.  KUMAGUSU  MINAKATA  for  furnishing 
what  is  apparently  the  earliest  version  of  the 
incident  which  may  be  termed  '  The  Foul 
Breath '  occurring  in  the  above  well-known 
story.  The  following  references  to  various 
Eastern  and  Western  sources  I  give  from  a 
collection  of  notes  made  for  a  work  on  the 
subject  of  the  origin  and  diffusion  of  the 
tales  in  Boccaccio's  '  Decameron,'  which  I 
hope  may  some  day  see  the  light,  and  which 
may  perhaps  be  useful  to  the  readers  of 
<N.  &Q.' 

The  incident  is  found  in  the  old  'Conte 
Devot,'  '  D'un  Roi  qui  voulpit  faire  bruler  le 
Fils  de  son  Senechal,'  which  is  printed  by 
Meon  in  his  '  Nouveau  Recueil  de  Fabliaux 
et  Oontes  Inedits  des  XII.,  XIII.,  XIV.,  et 
XV.  Siecles,'  2  vols.,  Paris,  1823,  vol.  ii.  p.  331, 
and  of  which  an  abstract  is  given  by  Legrand 
in  his  'Fabliaux  ou  Contes,'  «tc.,  third  ed., 
1829,  vol.  v.  p.  56.  Here  the  master  of  the 
king's  sons  causes  enmity  with  the  king,  who 
has  adopted  the  son  of  the  seneschal,  by 
telling  the  youth  that  the  king  complained  of 
his  breath,  and  that  when  he  served  the  king 
he  must  turn  his  head.  He  does  so,  and  the 
king,  noticing  his  altered  demeanour,  asks 
of  the  master  the  cause  ;  he  is  informed  that 
the  youth  is  obliged  to  do  so  owing  to  his 
(the  king's}  offensive  breath,  as  the  youth 
alleged.  The  king  accordingly  resolves  to 
have  him  burnt  to  death,  &c. 

It  is  also  found  to  the  same  effect  in 
the  old  Italian  collection  of  stories  called  the 
'  Cento  Novelle  Antiche,1  but  only  in  the 
edition  of  Borghini  of  1572,  where  it  forms 
the  sixty-eighth.  It  does  not  occur  in  the 
edition  of  Gualterrazi,  and  was  apparently 
taken  by  Borghini  from  '  Libro  di  Miracoli 
di  nostra  Donna'  to  make  up  the  number  of 
the  'Novelle'  to  100.  (See  'Le  Novelle 
Antiche,'  edited  by  Guido  Biagi,  Firenze, 
1880,  p.  245.) 

We  also  find  it  told  of  the  Emperor  Martin 
and  his  nephew  Fulgentius  in  No.  98  of  the 
English  '  Gesta  Romanorum,'  of  which  an 
analysis  will  be  found  in  Douce's  'Illustra- 
tions to  Shakespeare,'  p.  565  of  the  edition 
in  one  volume,  1839.  The  story  itself  may 
be  found  in  the  introduction  to  Swan's  trans- 
lation of  the  Latin  text  at  p.  1  of  the  edition 
in  one  volume  published  in  "  Bohn's  Library  " ; 
and  it  forms  the  seventieth  of  the  English 
'Gesta'  as  edited  by  Herrtage  for  the  Early 


English  Text  Society,  and  is  also  given  in 
Latin  in  Oesterley's  edition  of  the  '  Gesta,' 
where  it  is  No.  283,  appendix  87,  p.  688,  in 
the  notes  to  which,  p.  749,  will  be  found  a 
large  number  of  parallels  for  which  no  space 
can  be  found  here,  and  most  of  which 
relate,  not  to  the  particular  incident  of  the 
offensive  breath,  but  only  to  the  story  of  the 
treacherous  man  who.  seeking  to  encompass 
the  death  of  some  one  else,  is  himself  killed. 

It  is  also  stated  to  be  in  the  '  Summa  Pre- 
dicantia'  of  Bromyard,  'Invidia,'  I.  vi.  26, 
and  in  the  '  Liber  de  Donis '  of  Etienne  de 
Borbonne,  the  references  to  which  I  am  unable 
at  present  to  check.  Clouston,  in  his  'Popu- 
lar Tales  and  Fictions,'  vol.  ii.  p.  444,  states 
that  it  is  in  the  '  Anecdotes  Chretiennes  de 
1'Abbe  Reyre ';  and  Douce,  in  his  '  Illustra- 
tions,' &c.,  refers  to  the  '  Patraiias  de  Timo- 
neda,'  pat.  17,  and  says  it  is  reproduced  by 
Minsheu  in  his  address  before  his  '  Spanish 
Grammar,'  1623.  The  above  references  I 
regret  I  am  unable  at  the  moment  to  verify. 

It  also  forms  an  incident  in  the  'Nugse 
Curialium'  of  Walter  Mapes,  ob.  1182,  '  De 
Contrarietate  Parii  et  Lausi,'  dist.  iii.  cap.  iii. 
pp.  124-31  of  the  edition  of  that  work  by 
Wright,  published  for  the  Camden  Society, 
1850. 

It  is  told  very  shortly  in  '  Dialogus  Crea- 
turum,'  dial.  120,  of  Nicolaus  Pergamenus, 
an  Italian  physician  of  Milan,  named  May  no 
de'  Mayneri,  born  between  1290  and  1295. 
(See  an  article  by  Pio  Rajna  in  the  Giornale 
Storico  delta  Litteratura  Italiana,  iii.  i.  x.  42, 
and  afterwards  published  separately  under 
the  title  of  'Intorno  al  Cosidetto  Dialogus 
Creaturum  ed  al  suo  Autore,'  Turin,  1888; 
see  also  p.  Ixxxiv  of  'Exempla'  of  Jacques 
de  Vitry,  edited  by  T.  F.  Crane,  1890.) 

It  will  be  found  at  p.  276  of  the  edition  of 
Diebeiden  altesten  lateinischenFabelbiicher 
des  Mittelalters,  des  Bischofs  Cyrillus  Specu- 
lum Sapientine  und  des  Nicolaus  Pergamenus 
Dialogus  Creaturum,  herausgegeben  von  Dr. 
J.  C.  Th.  Graesse,"  1880  (Stuttgart,  Litter. 
Vereins).  Here  it  is  told  of  the  emperor's 
tailor,  who  says  the  barber  complains  of  the 
emperor's  breath  when  he  is  shaving  the 
latter. 

The  tale  also  belongs  to  the  East,  for  it  is 
the  lady's  twenty-second  tale  in  the  collec- 
tion of  tales  called  '  The  Forty  Vazirs  of 
Sheykh-Zada '  (p.  239  of  the  complete  trans- 
lation in  English  by  E.  J.  W.  Gibb,  18F6). 
Here  the  king  is  told  that  his  favourite 
courtier  said  that  he  had  leprosy,  in  proof  of 
which  he  would  see  that  the  courtier  avoided 
the  king's  breath.  The  next  day  the  courtier 
is  given  a  dish  flavoured  with  garlic,  and  told 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [ioi"  s.  in.  JAX.  28,  iocs. 


that  when  he  approaches  the  king  he  must 
hold  his  sleeve  to  his  mouth,  as  the  king 
dislikes  the  smell  of  garlic. 

Similarly  it  is  told  of  the  King  of  Africa 
and  his  vezirs  in  Clouston's  '  Persian  Tales,' 
1892,  p.  49,  taken  from  '  Mahbub  al  Kalub,' 
or  '  Delight  of  Hearts.'  Here  also  the  king 
is  told  by  a  dervish  that  his  vezir  says  he 
(the  king)  has  foul  breath,  and  the  vezir  is 
given  a  dish  of  garlic  and  told  to  keep  at  a 
distance  from  the  king  because  he  dislikes 
garlic. 

According  to  Clouston  ('Popular  Tales,'  &c., 
vol.  ii.  p.  44),  the  tale  is  also  found  orally  in 
North  Africa  in  the  '  Contes  de  la  Kabillie ' 
(Riviere's  French  collection). 

There  is  an  Indian  version  given  by  Ver- 
niew  in  his  'The  Hermit  of  Motee  Jhurna, 
also  Indian  Tales  and  Anecdotes,'  Calcutta, 
1873  (Clouston's  'Persian  Tales,'  124,  and  his 
'Popular  Tales,'  &c.,  ii.  450).  In  this  a  fakir 
is  told  he  must  not  approach  his  face  too 
near  the  king  when  speaking  to  him  as  it  is 
disrespectful,  and  the  king  is  informed  the 
fakir  averts  his  face  so  that  the  king  should 
not  observe  his  drunken  habits. 

In  all  the  above  tales  the  incident  forms 
part  of  the  story  of  how  it  is  sought  to 
encompass  the  disgrace  of  a  favourite.  In 
the  following  it  is  a  device  of  a  wife  to  obtain, 
at  her  lover's  bidding,  a  token  from  her 
husband  as  a  proof  of  her  affection  for  her 
lover.  In  this  form  it  seems  to  be  first  found 
in  the  '  Exempla '  of  Jacques  de  Vitry,  who 
was  born  before  1180,  and  died  in  1240.  The 
story  is  exempla  ccxlviii.,  and  according  to 
the  analysis  given  by  Mr.  Crane  in  his 
admirable  edition  of  the  'Exempla,'  published 
for  the  Folk-Lore  Society  in  1890,  it  is  as 
follows  :  A  wicked  woman,  when  she  wished 
to  see  her  lover,  used  to  tell  her  husband  that 
he  was  ill  and  must  not  leave  his  bed  until 
she  returned.  The  husband  believed  every- 
thing she  said  and  obeyed  her.  One  day 
she  told  her  lover  that  she  was  more  fond 
of  him  than  of  her  husband.  The  lover 
demanded  as  the  proof  of  this  that  she  should 
bring  him  her  husband's  best  tooth.  On  her 
return  to  her  home  she  began  to  weep  and 
feign  sadness.  When  her  husband  asked  her 
what  was  the  matter  she  said  she  did  not 
dare  to^tell  him.  Finally  she  yielded  to  his 
entreaties  and  told  him  she  could  not  endure 
his  foul  breath.  He  was  surprised  and 
grieved,  and  said,  "  Why  did  you  not  tell 
me  ?  •  Is  there  any  remedy  for  it  1 "  She 
replied  that  the  only  remedy  was  to  have 
the  tooth  from  which  the  offensive  odour 
proceeded  extracted.  He  followed  her  advice, 
and  had  drawn  a  good  and  sound  tooth,  which 


she  pointed  out,  and  which  she  took  at  once 
and  carried  to  her  lover.  This  story,  it  may 
be  mentioned,  is  one  of  those  given  by 
Wright  in  his  'Latin  Stories'  (Camden 
Society),  although  he  does  not  mention  Vitry 
as  the  author. 

The  story  of  the  extraction  of  the  tooth  by 
a  ruse  of  the  wife  also  forms  the  subject  of 
the  well-known  "  cycle  "  story,  the  framework 
of  which  is  that  three  women  find  a  ring  or  a- 
jewel,  and  agree  that  it  shall  belong  to  the 
one  that  plays  the  best  trick  on  her  husband. 
In  the  '  Mambriano '  of  Francesco  Bello,  called 
"  II  Cieco  da  Ferrara,"  who  flourished  at  the 
end  of  the  fifteenth  century  and  the  begin- 
ning of  the  sixteenth,  it  forms  the  trick 
of  the  second  woman  in  canto  xxv.  stanza  7, 
canto  xxv.  stanza  92,  and  this  is  followed  by 
Malespini  in  his  '  Ducento  Novelle,'  part  iii. 
No.  95.  (See  the  excellent  monograph  on 
this  subject,  "Novelle  del  Mambriano  del 
Cieco  da  Ferrara,  esposte  ed  illustrate  da 
Giuseppe  Rua,  Torino,  1888,"  105  ;  also  Lieb- 
recht,  'Zur  Volkskunde,'  Heilbronn,  1879, 
p.  124  et  seq.)  It  also  occurs  in  a  'Favola' 
of  Flaminion  Scala  ('Theatro  delle  Favolfr 
Rappresentative,'  &c.,  Venezia,  MDCXI.,  gior- 
nata  xx.,  '  Li  Duo  Fidi  Notari '  (quoted  by 
Rua,  op.  cit.,  116). 

This  cycle  story  has  also  passed  into  the- 
popular  fiction  of  Italy,  and  can  be  found  in 
"  Fiabe,  Novelle  e  Racconti  Popolari,  raccolti 
ed  illustrati  da  G.  Pitre,"  Palermo,  1875, 
vol.  iii.  p.  255,  No.  clxvi.,  under  the  title  of 
'Li  Tri  Cumpari'  ('The  Three  Gossips '), 
where  it  also  forms  one  of  the  three  tricks- 
played  by  the  women  on  their  husbands. 

The  story  from  Vitry  bears  a  striking 
likeness  to  the  ninth  of  the  seventh  day  of 
Boccaccio's  'Decameron,'  where  one  of  the 
promises  made  by  Lidia  to  her  lover  Pyrrhus 
was  to  obtain  one  of  her  husband's  teeth, 
which  she  accomplishes  by  telling  his  page* 
to  turn  away  their  heads  when  serving  him 
as  he  disliked  their  bad  breath,  and  then 
telling  the  husband  they  did  so  on  account 
of  his  bad  breath  caused  by  a  decayed  tooth. 

There  is  a  Latin  poem  called  '  Comedia 
Lidise,'  which  is  attributed  to  Matthieu  de- 
Vendome  (who  flourished  at  the  end  of  the- 
twelfth  century)  and  which  is  very  similar 
to  the  tale  in  the  'Decameron,'  as  it  con- 
tains not  only  the  above  ruse  of  the  wife,  but 
also  the  other  tests  imposed  on  the  wife 
by  her  lover  which  are  contained  in  the- 
'  Decameron,'  but  which  do  not,  however, 
oncern  us  here.  It  will  be  found  printed  in 
Edelestand  du  Meril,  '  Poesies  Inedites  du 
Moyen  Age,'  Paris,  1854,  p.  350  else/].,  from 
a  MS.  in  the  Royal  Library  of  Vienna, 


s.  in.  JAX.  28, 1905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


73- 


No.  312.  Du  Meril  says  (p.  350),  "  The  first 
verse  prevents  us  from  attributing  it  to  any 
other  writer"  (i.e.,  than  Matthieu  de  Ven- 
dorne).  If  this  were  so,  it  would  seem  to 
be  unquestionably  the  source  of  Boccaccio's 
tale  ;  but  the  ascription  of  it  to  Matthieu  de 
Vendorne  is,  notwithstanding  what  Du  Meril 
says,  anything  but  certain,  and  until  his 
assertion  can  be  proved  it  seems  far  more 
likely  that  the  poem  was  derived  from 
Boccaccio  than  the  reverse. 

It  may,  perhaps,  be  worth  mention  that 
there  is  a  curious  converse  form  of  the  story 
in  Nicholai  Pergami,  '  Dial.,'  78  (p.  223  of  the 
edition  cited),  where  a  young  and  virtuous 
wife  does  not  tell  her  husband  of  his  breath 
being  offensive,  as  she  did  not  know  but  that 
all  men  were  alike  in  this  respect. 

The  story  in  this  last-mentioned  form  will 
be  also  found,  but  in  a  more  extended  form,  j 
in  the  seventh  of  the  'Novelle  Inedite  di 
Giovanni  Sercambi,'  'De  Puritate'  ("C/olle- 
zione  di  Operette  Inedite  e  Kara  Pubblicata 
della  Libreria  Dante  in  Firenze");  and  it  also 
is  to  be  found  in  '  Hieronym.  advers.  Jovi- 
nium,'  i.  27,  which  is  quoted  by  Prof.  Ales- 
sand  ro  d'Ancona  in  his  notes,  p.  70,  to  the 
above-mentioned  edition  of  Sercambi. 

A.   COLLINGWOOD  LEE. 
Waltham  Abbey. 


BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  NOTES  ON  DICKENS  AND 
THACKERAY  (10th  S.  iii.  22).— The  absence,  j 
noted  by  COL.  PRIDEAUX,  of  reference  to  the  ] 
opera  of  '  The  Mountain  Sylph '  by  writers  on 
Thackeray,  is  owing  to  the  fact  that  there  is 
no  occasion  for  any.  The  opera  was  written, 
not  by  William  Makepeace,  but  by  T.  J., 
Thackeray.  I  have  no  knowledge  of  their 
relationship,  or  of  the  names  represented  by 
the  initials.  My  information  as  to  the  point 
in  question,  namely,  the  connexion  of  W.  M. 
Thackeray  with  'The  Mountain  Sylph,'  is 
derived  from  my  father-in-law,  the  late  John 
Barnett,  who  composed  the  music,  and  from 
the  title-page  of  the  pianoforte  arrangement 
of  the  songs.  E.  E.  FRANCILLON. 

In  his  interesting  notes  from  The  Carlton 
Chronicle  scrap-book,  COL.  PRIDEAUX  quotes 
"See  Thwackaway's  'Mountain  Sylph,'  "  and 
goes  on  to  say  that  this  opera  has  been 
ignored  by  writers  on  Thackeray.  As  I  have 
pointed  out  in  another  place,  it  has  been  so 
ignored  because  it  was  the  work  not  of  W.  M., 
but  of  T.  J.  Thackeray.  '  The  Mountain  Sylph ' 
—libretto  by  T.  J.  Thackeray  and  music  by 
John  Barnett— was  produced  at  the  English 
Opera-House  (Lyceum  Theatre)  in  August, 
1834.  The  opera  was  highly  praised  in  The 


Athenaeum  at  the  time  of  its  production,. 
though  the  critic  consistently  spelt  the 
librettist's  name  "Thackwray";  it  will  alsa 
be  found  dealt  with  under  Barnett  in  Grove's- 
'Dictionary.'  WALTER  JERROLD. 

Hampton-on-Thames. 

BRIDGES,  A  WINCHESTER  COMMONER  (10th  S, 
iii.  7).  —  This  Commoner,  who  was  admitted  in 
the  autumn  of  1837,  was  evidently  distinct 
from  William  Thomas  Bridges,  the  Scholar 
mentioned  by  MR.  WAINEWRIGHT.  Both  boys 
appear  on  the  school  "Long  Koll"  dated 
11  November,  1837,  but  unfortunately  by 
their  surnames  only.  The  practice  of  printing 
Christian  names  as  well  as  surnames  on  the 
Roll  was  not  introduced  until  1854.  H.  C. 

SIR  T.  CORNWALLIS  (10th  S.  iii.  29).—  I  have 
a  most  remarkable  document,  partly  in  print 
and  partly  in  MS.,  dated  "  the  last  day  of 
July,"  1604,  explaining  in  a  most  friendly 
manner  how  and  why  King  James  I.  was 
horribly  hard  up.  It  appears  to  be  a  warrant 
to  "Sir  Charles  Cormvallis  Knight  whom  we 
have  appcjinted  to  be  our  collector  in  our 
Countie  of  Norfolk  "  to  raise  forced  (?)  loans 
of  20£.  each,  to  be  repaid  on  24  March,  1605. 
It  is  signed  by  Thomas  Kerry,  accepted 
rather  like  a  bill  by  one  Thps.  Welch,  and 
the  receipt  of  the  20£.  is  signed  Charles 
Cornwalys  and  dated  13  October,  1604.  It 
is  finely  printed  in  court  hand. 

EDWARD  HERON-ALLEN. 


TARLETON,  THE  SIGN  OF  "  THE  TABOR," 
ST.  BENNET'S  CHURCH  (10th  S.  iii.  7,  55).—  As 
the  distinguishing  marks  of  Patch  the  fool 
were  his  fantastic  costume  and  his  bauble,  so 
the  wandering  clown  mounted  his  platform 
to  the  strumming  of  his  tabor,  from  which 
he  was  inseparable.  Hence  the  probabilities 
are  all  in  favour  of  the  sign  of  Dick  Tarleton, 
actor  and  clown,  having  been  "  The  Tabor  " 
and  not  "  The  Saba,"  although  "  The  Saba  " 
is  printed,  I  believe,  in  an  early  edition  of 
Tarleton's  'Jests,'  where,  however,  its  point- 
lessness  compared  with  "  The  Tabor  " 
suggests  that  it  is  a  misprint  for  the  latter. 
In  the  passage  in  'Twelfth  Night^'  _  quoted  by 
QUIRINUS  the  clown's  reply  to  Viola's  ques- 
tion, "  Dost  thou  live  by  the  tabor  1  "  imputes 
a  second  possible  interpretation  of  the- 
question,  namely,  ff  Dost  thou  live  by  [the- 
sign  of]  the  tabor1?"  Viola's  real  meaning 
having  been  "  Dost  thou  gain  thy  living  in  the 
calling  of  which  the  tabor  is  the  symbol  1  " 

St.  Benet's  Church,  Gracechurch  Street, 
was  one  of  the  twenty-nine  City  churches- 
pointed  out  in  1854  for  erasement.  It  was 
completed  by  Wren  in  1685.  Daniel),  in  his 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [10*  s.  in.  JAN.  28, 1005. 


'London  Churches,'  says  that  the  church 
stood  at  the  corner  of  Fenchurch  Street  and 
•Gracecharch  Street.  It  was  a  living  united 
with  that  of  St.  Leonard,  Eastcheap.  The 
church  was  curiously  planned,  like  many 
others  of  Wren's  churches,  to  fill  every  inch 
of  an  irregular  site. 

J.   HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

MARRIAGE  SERVICE  (10th  S.  iii.  7).— See  the 
notes  on  matrimony,  by  the  Rev.  F.  E. 
Warren,  in  the  'Prayer-Book  Commentary 
for  Teachers  and  Students,  containing  His- 
torical Introduction,  Notes  on  the  Calendar 
and  Services,  together  with  Complete  Con- 
cordances to  the  Prayer-Book  and  Psalter' 
((Society  for  Promoting  Christian  Knowledge). 
F.  E.  R.  POLLARD-URQUHART. 

Castle  Pollard.  Westmeath. 

The  Rev.  J.  H.  Blunt,  in  his  '  Annotated 
Book  of  Common  Prayer,'  says  (p.  261),  "Our 
English  office "  (for  the  solemnization  of 
matrimony)  "is  substantially  the  same  as 
the  old  Latin  one  ";  and  he  gives,  in  parallel 
columns,  the  present  service  side  by  side 
with  the  Salisbury  "Use,"  which  it  closely 
follows,  with  a  portion  here  and  there  from 
the  York  "Use":  an  instance  of  the  careful 
way  in  which  the  Prayer-Book  was  founded 
on  ancient  service  books  already  in  use  in 
England.  ERNEST  B.  SAVAGE,  F.S.A. 

St.  Thomas',  Douglas. 

The  greater  part  of  our  service  of  matri- 
mony is  taken  from  the  unreformed  service 
books,  Use  of  Sarum  and  of  York.  Part  of 
the  opening  address  and  the  announcement 
beginning,  "Forasmuch  as  M.  and  N.  have 
consented  together  in  holy  wedlock,"  were 
suggested  by  words  of  Hermann's  '  Consulta- 
tions,' mainly  compiled  by  Melanchthon  and 
Bucer,  1543.  The  Sarum  Use  was  revised 
by  St.  Osmund,  Bishop  of  Salisbury,  about 
4085,  probably  from  Anglo-Saxon  devotions. 
F.  FABER-BROWNE. 

"The  service  is  taken  in  substance  from  the  old 
•Office  in  the  Sarum  Manual,  omitting  the  formal 
Benediction  of  the  Ring,  and  the  special  form  of 
the  Nuptial  Mass  immediately  following  the  service. 
In  the  old  service  the  opening  exhortation,  the 
questions  and  answers,  the  words  of  betrothal, 
and  the  words  on  putting  on  the  ring  were  always 
in  English.  Some  of  the  hortatory  portions  are 
borrowed,  as  usual,  from  Hermann's  '  Consultatio.' " 
— Bp.  Barry's  '  Teacher's  Prayer-Book.' 

See  also  'The  Old  Service  Books  of  the 
English  Church,'  by  C.  Wordsworth  and  H. 
Littlehales  (Methuen,  1904),  chap,  ii.,  where 
specimens  of  the  English  portions  of  the  old 
service  are  given. 

(Rev.)  FRED.  G.  ACKERLEY. 
Liban,  Russia. 


COMET  c.  1580  (10th  S.  iii.  8).— I  am  obliged 
to  head  this  reply  as  MR.  WARD  has  headed 
his  query.  But  the  literal  part  of  the  desig- 
nation is  quite  unnecessary,  as  there  was 
only  one  comet  recorded  in  that  year.  It 
was  first  seen  in  China  on  1  October,  and 
also  discovered  by  Mostlin  at  Tubingen  on 
the  2nd.  Tycho  Brahe  obtained  a  series  of 
observations  of  the  comet  from  10  October 
to  12  December,  and  its  orbit  was  calculated 
by  Halley,  and  afterwards  by  others  ;  no  de- 
viation from  a  parabola  was  noticed,  and  the 
perihelion  passage  occurred  on  28  November. 

W.  T.  LYNN. 

Blackheath. 

In  reply  to  MR.  C.  S.  WARD,  I  find  that 
this  comet  was  discovered  in  China.  It 
was  visible  from  2  October  to  12  December, 
1580.  The  orbit  was  computed  by  Schjellerup. 
Perihelion  passage,  28  November,  1580.  Large 
eccentricity.  Very  long  period ;  perhaps 
over  9,000  years.  But,  of  course,  the  orbit 
may  not  be  elliptical.  J.  ELLARD  GORE. 

"AN  OLD  WOMAN  WENT  TO  MARKET"  (10Ul  S. 

ii.  502 :  iii.  10). — This  story  has  been  dealt  with 
previously  in  '  N.  &  Q.,'  and  the  probable 
origin  from  "  A  kid,  a  kid  ! "  in  the  Jewish 
service  book  pointed  out  in  this  and  other 
journals.  It  is  upwards  of  fifty  years  since 
I  first  heard  this  story  of  '  The  Old  Woman 
and  the  Pig  which  wouldn't  go  o'er  th'  Brig.' 
Until  reading  MR.  WATSON'S  contribution,  I 
was  not  aware  that  it  was  a  stile  the  pig 
wouldn't  go  over  ;  and,  indeed,  before  a  pig 
could  pass  over  a  stile  it  would  be  necessary 
for  it  to  have  an  acrobatic  training. 

In  the  Derbyshire  version  it  was  a  "  brig  " 
which  the  pig  would  not  go  over,  and 
children  were  told  that  it  was  because  of  the 
"  devil  that  was  in  it "  !  Indeed,  the  tale  as 
I  heard  it  when  a  child  had  a  good  deal  of 
the  uncanny  about  it,  and  I  can  remember 
that  the  folks  of  the  villages  in  which  I 
first  heard  the  story  were  of  the  opinion 
that  evil  and  good  were  matched  against  each 
other  in  it ;  though  this  was  not  said,  but 
implied  in  their  talk  about  it. 

The  old  woman  had  duly  bought  her  pig, 
and  had  driven  it  home  almost  as  far  as  the 
"  brig  "  near  her  home,  when  the  pig,  piglike, 
refused  to  go  any  further,  and  began  to  head 
backwards.  A  dog  coming  near,  she  appealed 
to  it,  "  Dog,  dog,  bite  pig  ;  pig  wunner  goo 
o'er  th'  brig,  an'  Ah  shonner  get  home  to- 
night ! "  Nothing  was  heard  about  her  old 
man's  supper,  either  in  the  first  appeal  or  in 
any  of  the  following  requests  to  dog,  stick, 
axe,  fire,  water,  ox,  butcher,  rope,  rat,  cat, 
and  man.  It  will  be  noticed  that  in  the 


s.  in.  JAN.  28, 1905.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


75 


Derbyshire  story,  told  as  I  learnt  it,  an  axe 
is  appealed  to,  and  lastly  a  man.  The  old 
woman  had  appealed  to  everything  as  far  as 
the  cat,  which,  like  the  rest,  would  not,  nor  was 
there  mention  of  milk  in  a  saucer  as  an 
inducement  to  the  cat  to  kill  the  rat.  Just 
then  a  man  in  white  appeared,  and  to  him 
the  old  woman  appealed.  The  man  spoke  to 
the  cat,  which  began  to  kill  the  rat,  the  rat 
to  gnaw  rope,  rope  to  hang  butcher,  butcher 
to  kill  the  ox,  ox  to  drink  the  water,  water 
to  slack  the  fire,  fire  to  burn  the  axe,  axe  to 
chop  the  stick,  stick  to  beat  the  dog,  dog  to 
bite  the  pig,  pig  to  run  o'er  th'  brig,  "an1  so 
th'  owd  woman  got  home  that  night."  I 
remember  the  children  used  to  make  a  ring, 
and  as  they  rattled  off  "  the  cat  began  to  kill 
the  rat,"  &c.,  danced  round  merrily.  The 
most  interesting  bit  in  the  story,  as  told  in 
Derbyshire  to  me  and  other  children,  was 
that  the  man  was  Christ  Himself. 

THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 
Worksop. 

MAYERS'  SONG  (10th  IS.  i.  7  ;  ii.  512).— Some 
seventeen  or  eighteen  years  ago,  when  this 
subject  was  engaging  the  attention  of  the 
readers  of  Northamptonshire  Notes  and 
Queries,  I  contributed  to  the  second  volume 
of  that  now  defunct  magazine  the  words  and 
music  of  the  Mayers'  song  formerly  in  vogue 
in  this  village.  Bearing  this  in  mind,  on 
reading  the  question  propounded  in  'N.  &,  Q.; 
by  MR.  GERISH  I  wrote  to  that  gentleman 
direct,  asking  if  a  -copy  of  this  melody  would 
be  of  any  service  to  him.  On  receiving  a 
reply  in  the  affirmative,  I  at  once  supplied 
him  with  a  harmonized  setting.  I  did  not 
reply  to  the  question  through  '  N.  &  Q.,'  as 
I  deemed  that  its  columns  were  not  open  to 
the  printing  of  notation.  Should  MR.  WAINE- 
WRIGHT  also  desire  a  copy  of  this  melody  I 
will  gladly  send  him  ona 

I  have  many  versions  by  me  of  the  old  May 
carol.  These  invariably  give  the  fourth  line 
quoted  as 

For  fear  we  die  in  sin 
•or 

Or  else  we  die  in  sin. 

I  think  therefore  the  word  "  should  "  has  got 
inserted  by  some  scribe  in  error.  Hone's 
version,  as  follows,  seems  to  be  most  gene- 
rally used  : — 

ISemewiber  us  poor  Mayers  all, 

And  thus  we  do  begin 
To  lead  our  lives  in  righteousness, 
Or  else  we  die  in  sin. 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 
West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED  (10th  S. 
iii.  8). — For  "  As  in  a  gravegarth,"  &c.,  see 


'  X.E.D.,'  8.v.  "  Grave,  sb.1  5.  attrib.  and  comb.," 
-"1880,  Rossetti,  'Ballads  and  Sonn.,'  273" 
(the  passage  inquired  for  is  the  only  example 
given).  C.  P.  PHINN. 

Watford. 

'•  SARUM"  (10th  S.  ii.  445,  496  ;  iii.  37).— The 
second  word  in  the  second  line  of  Q.  V.'s  note, 
to  which  he  refers  me,  is  "delusion,"  the 
delusion  being  "that  Sar,  with  a  stroke 
through  the  tail  of  the  r,  stands  for  Saruni." 

I  fear  that  I  am  still  under  this  delusion  ; 
for  I  am  inclined  to  maintain  that  Sar,  "  with 
a  stroke  through  the  tail  of  the  ?•,"  must 
stand  for  Sarum,  and  for  nothing  else.  Sar', 
I  allow,  may  stand  for  Saresburia,  or  Sara,  or 
any  word  that  begins  with  those  letters. 
Unfortunately  I  was  not  in  time  to  correct 
my  reply  at  p.  49G  of  the  last  volume.  The 
stroke  which  I  had  written  through  the  tail 
of  my  }•  was  turned  into  an  apostrophe  above 
it.  S.  G.  HAMILTON. 

POLICE  UNIFORMS  :  OMNIBUSES  (10th  S.  iii. 
29). — Mr.  Punch's  Almanack  for  1862  shows 
us  the  old  police  uniform— cutaway  coat, 
white  ducks,  and  "topper."  During  1863, 
according  to  the  same  authority,  the  white 
trousers  seem  to  have  disappeared ;  while 
early  in  1864  the  force  is  pictured  in  a 
substantial  coat  of  the  modern  pattern.  The 
extinction  of  the  "  topper  "  by  the  helmet 
clearly  took  place  in  1864.  In  that  year 
Tenniel  twice  drew  John  Bull  in  the  habit 
of  a  policeman.  On  14  May  we  find  him  in 
a  top  hat,  and  on  29  October  in  the  helmet 
which,  with  certain  modifications,  has 
endured  to  the  present  day.  In  his  issue 
of  25  February,  1865,  Mr.  Punch  pokes  fun, 
both  verbal  and  pictorial,  at  "Robert's"  new 
headgear.  LIONEL  MONCKTON. 

69,  Russell  Square,  W.C. 

The  present  form  of  omnibus  became  uni- 
versal between  January,  1880,  and  December, 
1888.  I  left  England  at  the  former  date, 
when  tram-omnibuses,  as  I  heard  them  called, 
were  extremely  rare,  and  found  them  universal 
on  my  return  early  in  1889.  Doors  were 
;aken  off  omnibuses  about  1880.  The  ticket 
system  now  in  vogue  came  into  use  by  the 
LG.O.C.  in  January,  1891,  but  had  been  used 
3y  trams  and  the  Star  Omnibus  Company 
some  time  previously.  Within  the  last  few 
years  I  have  tried  to  invite  materials  for  a 
aibliography  of  the  omnibus  in  '  N.  &  Q.' 
9th  S,  Index).  EDWARD  HERON-ALLEN. 

As  to  the  former  query  I  refer  MR.  PHILIP 
NORTH  to  the  pages  of  The  Illustrated  London 
News. 

As  to  omnibuses  with  doors,  these  were  plying 


76 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,      [io<»  s.  m.  JAN.  2s,  1005. 


in  many  parts  of  this  city  up  to  a  dozen  years 
ago.  The  method  of  opening  and  closing  the 
doors  was  somewhat  ingenious.  There  was 
no  conductor,  and  passengers  were  supposed 
to  place  their  fares  in  a  box  with  a  glass 
front  placed  at  the  remote  end  of  the  bus. 
Immediately  under  the  driver's  feet  was  a  j 
wooden  arrangement  of  the  nature  of  a  lever, 
to  which  was  attached  a  strap.  This  strap 
went  along  the  top  of  the  bus  (inside)  and 
was  fastened  to  the  top  of  the  door.  To  open 
the  door  the  driver  took  his  foot  from  the 
"  brake,"  and  the  door  flew  open  ;  to  close  the 
door  he  would  again  press  the  lever  with  his 
foot.  CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

1  take  the  following  from  a  diary  of  1845: 

"  When  we  landed  [at  Aberdeen],  poor  dear  papa 
had  great  difficulty  in  getting  a  minibus,  and  grand-  j 
mama  was  so  ill,  he  thought,  after  we  got  into  the  I 
minibus,  he  must  have  stopped  it  and  got  a  doctor."  I 

"  Mamma  and  my  sister  and  brother  came  to  meet 
us  in  a  minibus  at  Granton  Pier  [Edinburgh],  but 
as  they  were  a  little  late,  we  were  already  out  of 
the  boat  into  the  omnibus;  however,  my  mother 
came  to  the  door,  and  my  beloved  papa  gave  me 
out  to  her,  and  followed  with  the  luggage." 

"  It  poured  a  deluge  of  rain,  and  my  dearest 
papa  hired  a  minibus,  and  took  us  to  call  on  Mrs. 
Hay  and  Miss  Monro,  also  some  shopping." 

Edinburgh,  7  March,  1846  :— 
"My  sister  and  I  went  in  a  minibus  with  mama 
to  Major  Hope's,  at  Seatield,  where  we  had  lunch." 

According  to  the  above,  "  minibus  "  would 
appear  to  have  been  the  then  name  for  a  cab, 
and  to  be  distinct  from  "omnibus." 

In  New  York  in  1870  omnibuses  had  doors, 
to  which  was  attached  a  strap,  the  other  end 
of  which  was  fastened  to  the  driver's  foot,  so 
that  he  might  be  aware  of  the  ingress  or 
egress  of  any  passenger,  there  being  no  guard. 
II.  BARCLAY-ALLARDICE. 

Lostwithiel. 

MAZE  AT  SEVILLE  (10th  S.  ii.  508 ;  iii.  54).— 
From  the  vantage  ground  of  an  English  sick- 
bed it  gives  me  exquisite  pleasure  to  look 
down  on  the  lines  of  the  little  maze  in  the 
pavilion  at  the  Alcazar  in  Seville.  This  I 
am  enabled  to  do  by  the  kindness  of  your 
correspondent  A.  F.  G.,  to  whom  I  feel  very 
grateful.  The  brotherhood  of  'N.  &  Q.'  is 
a  good  and  excellent  thing ;  but  that  needs 
no  insistence  from  ST.  SWITHIN. 

BLOOD  USED  IN  BUILDING  (10th  S.  ii.  389, 
455 ;  iii.  34). — It  was  not  sugar,  in  the 
English  sense  of  the  terra,  that  the  natives 
of  India  used,  and  use,  for  hardening  their 
mortar,  but  jaggery,  an  exudation  of  the 
palm  tree,  from  which  sugar  can  be,  and  in 
many  places  is,  made.  Probably  the  very 


matter  which  makes  it  useful  in  hardening 
mortar  is  extracted  when  the  sugar  of  com- 
merce is  produced.  The  spire  of  St.  Mary's, 
Fort  St.  George,  was  built  with  mortar 
hardenedinthisway.  Thisison  record (see'The 
Church  in  Madras,'  p.  394).  There  can  be 
no  doubt  that  it  was  the  custom  at  that  time 
(1794)  for  the  Company's  engineers  to  use 
jaggery.  At  the  present  day  it  is  regarded 
as  an  unscientific  method  ;  but  the  natives 
continue  the  use  of  it.  FRANK  PENNY. 

I  doubt  whether  blood  would  be  used  in 
building  for  any  but  superstitious  reasons. 
The  explanation  of  its  supposed  use  in 
ancient  buildings  given  by  DE.  BRUSHFIELD 
is  probably  correct.  Many  years  ago  I  was 
engaged  in  experiments,  for  the  Public  Works 
Department  of  the  Madras  Presidency,  on 
the  amelioration  of  the  very  unsatisfactory 
mortar  made  from  the  fat  lime  of  Southern 
India  :  that  is  to  say,  with  lime  from  shells, 
chalk,  or  other  pure  forms  of  limestone.  Such 
mortar  has  very  little  strength,  and  even 
that  is  only  acquired  by  drying  ;  but  if  the 
lime,  before  the  addition  of  sand,  be  mixed 
with  two  or  three  parts  of  pounded  brick 
(surkhi)  it  makes  a  cement  which  not  only 
gives  a  mortar  of  great  strength,  for 
masonry,  for  concrete  work,  or  for  plastering, 
but  also  becomes  strongly  hydraulic,  its 
tenacity  being  greatly  increased  if  it  sets 
under  water,  or  is  otherwise  kept  wet.  The 
light  brick  colour  of  this  mortar  would  very 
possibly  be  attributed  by  persons  ignorant  of 
its  composition  and  fond  of  the  marvellous 
to  an  admixture  with  blood.  This  cheap  and 
strong  hydraulic  mortar  was  used  by  the 
Pvomans,  pounded  brick  being  used  when 
natural  puzzolana  was  not  obtainable.  The 
Indian  builders  of  old  used  it  with  great 
success. 

A  question  having  been  asked  about  the 
use  of  sugar  for  the  improvement  of  mortar 
and  plaster,  I  may  mention  that  the  Pro- 
ceedings of  the  Madras  Government,  Public 
Works  Department,  for  1875,  contains,  with 
an  account  of  i\\Q  surkhi  mortar  experiments, 
that  of  some  investigations  on  the  strength 
of  fat-lime  mortars  made  with  the  addition 
of  some  other  substances  ;  among  them  the 
effect  of  sugar  was  considered.  It  was  found 
to  improve  somewhat  the  strength  of  mortar 
and  plaster  made  from  fat  lime,  but  the 
results  were  very  poor  compared  to  those  of 
surkhi  mortar,  and  the  sugar  mortar  is  quite 
devoid  of  hydraulic  quality. 

With  regard  to  a  statement  that  blood 
is  used  in  South  Africa  to  keep  earth  floors 
hard,  it  is  possible  that  it  might  have  that 


10-s.  m.  JAX.  as,  iocs.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


77 


effect,  especially  if  it  were  the  serum  only  of 
the  blood  which  was  used.  In  England  the 
blood  collected  in  the  large  slaughter-houses  is 
sent  in  casks  to  factories,  where  its  serum  is 
separated  and  dried,  thus  producing  albumen 
for  sizing  and  other  purposes.  While  it  is 
to  be  hoped  that  this  albumen  does  not  take 
the  place  of  egg-albumen  for  confectionery, 
yet  it  might  make  a  good  glazing  material 
for  an  earth-floor.  Blood-albumen  sounds 
less  pleasant,  and  it  is  possible  that  a  floor 
glazed  with  it  might  afford  as  fine  a  culture- 
medium  for  the  tetanus  microbe  as  the 
downy  earth-floors  of  St.  Kilda.  In  India 
the  earth  floors  almost  always  used  in 
native  houses,  and  well  adapted  to  bare  feet, 
are  kept  hard  and  clean  by  a  periodical 
wash  of  cow-dung  made  fluid  with  water. 
When  this  has  dried,  the  floor  has  become 
coated  with  a  mixture  of  straw-fibre  which 
binds  the  surface  and  some  biliary  matters 
which  drive  away  fleas,  thus  keeping  the 
floor  in  good  and  comfortable  condition. 
The  use  of  blood  for  the  purpose  would,  one 
might  suppose,  be  rather  favourable  to  insect 
life.  EDWARD  NICHOLSON. 

Liverpool. 

DR.  BUROHELL'S  DIARY  AND  COLLECTIONS 
(10th  S.  ii.  486).— Dr.  W.  J.  Burchell's  library, 
botanical  and  general,  was  sold  at  Messrs. 
Foster's,  54,  Pall  Mall,  5  Dec.,  1865.  PROF. 
POULTON  should  call  and  ask  Messrs.  Foster 
if  he  may  see  the  sale  catalogue;  or  I  would 
lend  him  my  copy.  W.  ROBERTS. 

47,  Lansdowne  Gardens,  Clapham,  S.W. 

NELSON  IN  FICTION  (10th  S.  iii.  26).— In 
response  to  MR.  JAMES  HOOPER'S  suggestion 
I  offer  the  following  list  of  novels  and  tales 
"  dealing  with  Nelson  and  his  times,  directly 
or  indirectly  ": — 

By  Conduct  and  Courage.  G.  A.  Henty. — Battle 
of  Cape  St.  Vincent,  &c. 

In  Press  Gang  Days.  Edgar  Pickering. — Battle 
of  the  Nile. 

At  Aboukir  and  Acre.  G.  A.  Henty.— Battle  of 
the  Nile. 

Afloat  with  Nelson.  C.  H.  Eden.— Nile  to  Tra- 
falgar. 

The  Admiral.     Douglas  Sla.deu.— 1798-9. 

The  Vice- Admiral  of  the  Blue.  Roland  B.  Moli- 
neux  (pub.  U.S.)-— Naples  and  London  (Hardy,  Lady 
Hamilton,  <fcc.). 

The  Extraordinary  Confessions  of  Diana  Please. 
Bernard  Capes. — Naples,  1798-9  (Lady  Hamilton, 

&.C.). 

When  George  III.  was  King.  Amyot  Sagon. — 
Time  of  Nelson  (Cornwalll. 

A  Friend  of  Nelson.  Horace  G.  Hutchinson. — 
Sussex  in  1801-15  period. 

Springhaven.    R.  D.  Blackmore. — Trafalgar. 

Trafalgar.     B.  Pcrex  Galdus  (trans.)-— Ditto. 

England  Expects.    Frederick  Harrison. — Ditto. 


Nelson's  Yankee  Boy.  Costello  (pub.  U.S ). — 
Trafalgar. 

With  the  Sea  Kings.     F.  H.  Winder.— Ditto. 

'Twas  in  Trafalgar's  Bay.  Walter  Besant  and 
James  Rice. — Dorset,  1805  (short  story). 

The  Commander  of  the  Hirondelle.  W.  H.  Fit- 
chett. — Nelson  and  his  times. 

Chris  Cunningham.    Gordon  Stables. — Ditto. 

Hearts  of  Oak.    Gordon  Stables.— Ditto. 

His  Majesty's  Sloop  Diamond  Rock.  H.  S. 
Huntingdon  (pub.  U.S.). — Ditto. 

Diana's  Crescent.    Miss  Manning  (op.). — Ditto. 

The  following  depict  maritime  life  in  the 
days  of  Nelson,  i.e.,  from  late  eighteenth  to 
early  nineteenth  century  : — 

Ben  Brace.    Capt.  F.  Chamier. 

Frank  Mildmay.    Capt.  Marryat. 

King's  Own.    Ditto. 

Mr.  Midshipman  Easy.     Ditto. 

The  Fire  Ships.    W.  H.  G.  Kingston. 

Ben  Burton.    Ditto. 

The  Log  of  a  Privateersman.  "  H.  Collingwood" 
(W.  J.  C.  Lancaster). 

Under  the  Meteor  Flag.    Ditto. 

The  Death  Ship.     W.  Clark  Russell. 

Uncle  Bart.    G.  Manville  Fenn. 

As  We  Sweep  through  the  Deep.   Gordon  Stables. 

Unless  I  am  mistaken,  the  above  lists  will 
be  found  to  include  very  nearly  all  the  fiction 
(of  any  note  or  bulk)  which  deals  with  the 
great  admiral.  JONATHAN  NIELD. 

ALGONQUIN  ELEMENT  IN  ENGLISH  (10th  S.  ii. 
422  ;    iii.   34).— In   reply  to  DR.    KRUEGER, 
there  is  no  etymological  connexion  between 
woodchuck,  the  bird,  and  woodchuck  or  wood- 
shock,  the  quadruped.     The  former  may  have 
influenced    the  orthography  of    the  latter, 
which     is    corrupted    from    a    Cree    word, 
variously   written  by   different    authorities, 
but    most    correctly    ivuchak  (see   Watkins, 
'Cree  Dictionary,'  1865).    Other  Algonquin 
dialects  have  similar  names  for  this  animal. 
Roger    Williams     gives    the    Narragansett 
equivalent    as    ockqutchaun :    compare    also 
Abenaki  agaskw,  Shawnee  ochaikah,  Odjib- 
way    ojeeg.      This     last    is    unaccountably 
omitted  from  the  glossary   to  Longfellow's 
'  Hiawatha,'  although  used  in  canto  xvi. : — 
He  was  telling  them  the  story 
Of  Ojeeg,  the  Summer-Maker, 
How  he  made  a  hole  in  heaven, 
How  he  climbed  up  into  heaven, 
And  let  out  the  summer-weather, 
The  perpetual,  pleasant  Summer. 

J.  PLATT,  Jun. 

"BROKEN  HEART"  (10th  S.  iii.  9).— This 
expression  is  not  always  "  metaphorical  "  ;  it 
is  sometimes  literally  true.  A  short  pamphlet 
was  published  last  year,  by  the  Society  for 
Promoting  Christian  Knowledge,  on  'The 
Physical  Cause  of  the  Death  of  Christ.'  It 
is  written  by  Dr.  E.  Symes  Thompson,  and  I 
think  all  will  agree  that  what  he  says  on 


78 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [10*  s.  m.  JAX.  as,  1905. 


matters  connected  with  his  profession  comes 
with  authority.  He  draws  attention  to  a 
treatise,  with  the  same  title,  written  by  Dr. 
Stroud,  and  published  in  1846.  I  will  not 
quote  largely  from  the  pamphlet,  which  deals 
with  a  subject  too  solemn  for  the  pages  of 
'  N.  &  Q.' ;  but  the  following  bears  directly 
upon  the  query  :— 

"The  actual  cause  [of  our  Lord's  death]  was 
agony  of  mind,  producing  rupture  of  the  heart. 
Mental  shock,  whether  of  sorrow  or  of  joy,  has 
frequently  occasioned  sudden  death,  and  rupture 
of  the  heart  has  been  observed  not,  as  might  have 
been  supposed,  to  occur  when  the  tissues  of  the  heart 
are  degenerated,  but  when  nothing  has  previously 
occurred  to  impair  their  strength.  It  is  only  strong 
muscle  that  undergoes  rupture  from  the  energy  of 
its  own  contraction.  It  is  not  the  auricle  that 
ruptures,  nor  the  thin  right  ventricle,  but  the 
thick -walled  left  ventricle,  which,  contracting 
violently  upon  its  contents,  the  blood  being  unable 
to  escape  with  sufficient  rapidity  through  the 
aorta,  and  the  valves  being  perfect,  the  blood  reacts 
upon  the  ventricular  wall,  which  is  torn  at  the 
point  of  least  resistance  and  the  blood  escapes  into 
the  pericardium.  But  two  instances  of  this  have 
fallen  under  my  own  observation."— Pp.  12,  13. 

And  again  : — 

"  It  is  probable  that  some  of  the  deaths  that  have 
occurred  as  a  consequence  of  severe  shock,  fright, 
or  excessive  joy  may  have  been  caused  by  cardiac 
rupture  rather  than  mere  syncope,  asystote,  or 
nerve  shock."— P.  14. 

The  pamphlet  seems  to  have  been  first  given 
as  an  address  to  the  members  of  the  Guild 
of  St.  Luke,  by  Dr.  Symes  Thompson  when 
he  was  Provost  of  the  Guild. 

ERNEST  B.  SAVAGE,  F.S.A. 

A  broken  heart  is  by  no  means  a  mere 
metaphorical  locution  that  has  no  foundation 
in  fact.  The  affection  is  believed  to  have 
been  first  described  by  Harvey ;  but  since 
his  day  several  cases  have  been  recorded,  for 
which  see  '  N.  &  Q.,'  2nd  S.  i.  432,  497  ;  also 
Dr.  Townsend's  '  Cyclop,  of  Practical  Medi- 
cine' ;  and  other  authorities  cited  in  Timbs's 
'Things  not  Generally  Known,'  Second 
Series,  1861,  p.  174. 

J.   HOLDEN  MAcMlCHAEL. 
[MR.  E.  H.  COLEMAN  refers  to  3va  S.  x.  514.] 

ALLAN  RAMSAY  (10th  S.  ii.  386).— Mr.  Gosse 
has  very  kindly  written  to  me  regarding  the 
note  at  the  above  reference.  He  says  that 
probably  a  line  has  fallen  out  in  the  para- 
graph which  he  devotes  to  Ramsay  in 
4  English  Literature  :  an  Illustrated  Record.' 
The  sentence  to  which  I  drew  attention  was  : 
"  In  1725  he  published  his  best  work,  the 
excellently  sustained  pastoral  play  of  '  The 
Gentle  Shepherd,'  the  life  of  Ramsay."  I 
ventured  an  exposition  of  the  phrase  that  is 
thus  made  to  follow  the  title  of  the  poem, 


but  Mr.  Gosse's  suggestion  makes  speculation 
on  the  subject  absolutely  unnecessary.  The 
sentence,  he  says,  must  represent  two  sen- 
tences of  his  MS.,  the  first  ending  with  the 
word  "Shepherd,"  and  the  second  running 
somewhat  thus :  "  [Little  else  occurred  to 
mark]  the  life  of  Ramsay."  This  at  once 
dispels  the  difficulty  presented  by  the  text  as 
it  stands,  and  invests  the  movement  with  the 
ease  and  lucidity  that  are  familiar  charac- 
teristics of  Mr.  Gosse's  graceful  style. 

THOMAS  BAYNE. 

"HUMANUM  EST    ERRARE"   (10th   S.    i.    389, 

512  ;  ii.  57,  293,  351).— There  is  a  yet  earlier- 
instance  of  this  saying  in  the  collection  of 
'Adagia'  by  Gilbertus  Cognatus  (Gilbert 
Cousin  of  Nozeray,  1506-67),  included  in  later 
editions  of  Erasmus's  great  work.  See  p.  518* 
of  Grynseus's  1629  ed.,  where,  under  the 
general  section  '  Morum  Contagio,'  may  be- 
seen,  in  the  part  from  Cognatus, 
"Errare  humanum  est. 

"Seneca  lib.  4.  Declam.  3.  Pater,  inquit,  hu- 
manum est  errare.  Vulgo  hodie  ita  profertur : 
Humanum  est,  peccare :  sed  perseuerare,  diaboli- 
cum." 

The  words  in  the  elder  Seneca  are  "  Per 
humanos,  inquit,  errores"  (quoted  by  MR. 

SONNENSCHEIN,  10th  S.  i.  512). 

On  referring  to  Mr.  King's  book  (No.  667, 
"Errare  humanum  est")  I  notice  that, 
although  he  draws  from  the  '  Adagia,'  he 
still  gives  Polignac  as  the  source  of  "  Errare 
humanum  est,:;  and  suggests  that  Cic.. '  Phil./ 
12,  2,  5,  may  be  the  source  of  the  med.  prov. 

"Humanum diabolicum."  Surely  its  more 

immediate  derivation  is  from  Augustine, 
'  Serm.,'  164, 14  (see  9th  S.  xii.  62),  "  Humanum 

fuit  errare,  diabolicum  est in  errore 

manere."  To  escape  this  latter  condemnation 
myself  may  I  point  out  that,  presumably 
owing  to  a 'slip  of  my  pen,  at  10th  S.  ii.  293, 
under  "  Humanum  est  errare,"  "  saltern 
hominis  non  est "  was  printed  instead  of 
"  saltern  hominis  est "  1  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

The  University,  Adelaide,  S.  Australia. 

"  BROACH  "  OR  "  BUOOCH  "  (10th  S.  iii.  28).— 
This  subject  was  fully  discussed  at  4th  S.  iii.  286, 
371,  446.  Many  examples  of  the  two  forms 
of  spelling  the  same  word  will  be  found  in 
Nares's  '  Glossary  '  and  Annandale's  '  Imperial 
Dictionary.'  EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

In  the  matter  of  Tennyson's  spelling,  I 
quote,  perhaps,  a  more  cogent  case  : — 
So  Lawrence  Aylmer,  seated  on  a  style 
In  the  long  hedge, '  The  Brook.' 

Tennyson's  '  Poems,'  Glasgow,  David  Bryce  & 
Son,  1899.  H.  P.  L. 


io">s.  in.  JAX.  28, 1903.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


IA"  (10th  S.  ii.  527  ;  iii.  36).— The 
preface  in  question  is  an  abridged  text  of 
'A  Character  of  the  late  Elia,'  which 
appeared  in  The  London  Magazine  for  Janu- 
ary, 1823.  Mr.  W.  C.  Hazlitt  includes  this 
in  his  collection  of  '  Essays  and  Criticisms  by 
Thomas  Griffiths  Wainewright,'  remarking 
that  it  "has  a  strong  smack  of  Lamb's 
peculiar  style,  but,  on  the  other  hand,  it 
agrees  much  in  manner  with  the  concluding 
portion  of  Wainewright's  undoubted  paper, 
'Janus  Weatherbound.'"  Mr.  Bertram  Dobell 
discusses  the  matter  in  his  '  Side-Lights  on 
Charles  Lamb,'  and  decides  in  favour  of  the 
view  that  the  preface  is  by  Lamb  himself. 
JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

The  Letters  of  Horace  Walpole,  Fourth  Earl  of 
Orford.  Arranged  and  edited  by  Mrs.  Paget 
Toynbee.  Vols.  IX.-XII.  (Oxford,  Clarendon 
Press.) 

A  THIRD  instalment  of  four  volumes  has  been  added 
to  Mrs.  Paget  Toynbee's  definitive  edition  of  Wai- 
pole's  letters,  leaving  but  one  further  instalment, 
also  of  four  volumes,  to  appear.    Little  more  than 
six    months    has  elapsed    since  vols.  v.-viii.  were 
given   to  the  world  (see  10th  S.  i.  498),  so  by  the 
middle  of  a  year  still  new  we  may  hope  to  be  in 
possession  of    the  completed  work.     The    period 
covered  is  1774-83.     Sir  Horace  Mann  remains  the 
chief    correspondent,    though    the    Hon.   Seymour 
Conway  and  the  Rev.    William    Mason  run  him 
close,  and  the  Countess  of  Upper  Ossory  springs 
into  prominence.      Among  promiscuous  letters  is 
one  to  George  Colman,  complimenting:  him,  with 
more  zeal,  we  should  suppose,  than  sincerity,  upon 
his  translation  of  Horace's  '  Art  of  Poetry.'    Some 
of  the  letters  to  Madame  du  Deffand  appear  for 
the  first  time.     Walpole,  of  course,  knows  French 
well  enough.     His  style,  however,  in   his  French 
correspondence  is  not  specially  vivacious.    The  new 
portraits  which  are  supplied  are  of  much  interest. 
A  frontispiece  to  vol.  ix.  shows  Horace  Walpole, 
from  a  plaque  in  Battersea  enamel  from  the  South 
Kensington  Museum  :  that  to  vol.  x.  exhibits  Wal- 
pole and  Mrs.  Darner,  from  a  painting  by  Angelica 
Kauffmann,  in  the  possession  of  Earl  Waldegrave. 
Another    volume    has    for    frontispiece    the    cha- 
racteristic picture  of  Walpole  from  the  National 
Portrait    Gallery,    reproducing     a     drawing     by 
Dance.     Other    portraits    are    George    IV.    when 
Prince   of    Wales,    by   Reynolds :    Gainsborough's 
Frances  Seymour   Conway,   Countess  of  Lincoln  ; 
Reynolds's  First  Baron  Heathfield,  Mr.   William 
Windham,     Admiral      Keppel,      and      the     Rev. 
William  Mason  ;   Dance's   First  Baron  Clive  and 
Lord  North  ;  Gainsborough's  Mrs.  Robinson ;  and 
Romney's  Elizabeth    Berkeley,  Baroness    Craven. 
There  are  in  addition  other  designs,  facsimiles,  &c. 
Up  to  the  close  of  May,   1783,  2,413  letters  are 
printed  as  against  2,247  in  Cunningham.     We  have 
already  spoken  in  commendation  of  the  arrange- 
ment and  the  notes,  and  can  only  pronounce  this 


edition  worthy  of  its  author  and  the  great  repre- 
sentative press  by  which  it  is  issued. 

Brownings  Men  and  Women.  Edited  by  Basil 
Worsfold.  Vols.  1.  and  II.  (De  La  More  Press.) 
THOCOH  uniform  in  shape  and  appearance  with 
"  The  King's  Classics,"  to  which  we  have  frequently 
drawn  attention,  these  two  volumes  of  Browning's 
poems  belong  to  a  different  series,  entitled  "The 
King's  Poets."  Neither  less  dainty  nor  less  valu- 
able are  they  than  the  works  with  which  they  are 
associated,  and  they  are  likely  to  prove  no  less- 
popular,  being  excellent  in  all  typographical  re- 
spects, well  edited,  and  carefully  annotated.  Each, 
volume  has  a  capital  portrait,  that  to  the  first  con- 
sisting of  a  striking  and  beautiful,  if  rather  senti- 
mentalized, design  by  Field  Talfourd,  and  that  to 
the  second  of  Watts's  better-known  and  more  virile 
likeness.  In  the  first  volume  is  also  a  clever  and 
highly  appreciative  introduction,  mainly  critical, 
but  to  a  certain  extent  biographical :  to  the  lattec 
are  affixed  many  excellent  notes.  Among  Brown- 
ing's poems,  'Men  and  Women'  are  notable  in 
many  respects,  and  in  none  more,  perhaps,  than 
in  that  they  constitute  a  species  of  response  to 
the  '  Sonnets  frjm  the  Portuguese,'  perhaps  Mrs. 
Browning's  most  remarkable  utterance.  These 
two  pretty  volumes  are  equally  suited  for  the 
library  and  boudoir,  and  introduce  very  agreeably 
what  promises  to  be  a  delightful  collection. 

The  Poetical  Works  of  ElLabeth  Barrett  Browning. 

(Frowde.) 

OF  the  one-volume  editions  of  the  poets  which  we 
owe  to  the  taste  and  enterprise  of  Mr.  Frowde  this 
will  be  probably  the  most  acceptable.  During  many 
years  Mrs.  Browning's  poems  were  in  their  entirety 
all  but  inaccessible  to  the  general  reader  ;  and  when 
we  were  first  the  happy  possessors  of  an  edition,  the 
seventh,  published  in  1866,  we  found  a  difficulty  in. 
selecting  for  companionship  precisely  the  poem  we 
wanted.  That  perplexity  is  now  over,  since  we  can 
carry  with  us,  with  no  sense  of  weight  and  discom- 
fort, the  entire  works.  That  Mrs.  Browning  is, 
since  Sappho,  the  most  inspired  of  poetesses  may 
perhaps  be  maintained.  Had  her  artistic  sense - 
been  equal  to  her  sympathies  and  perceptions  there 
is  no  saying  what  position  she  might  not  have 
occupied.  The  present  complete  edition  has  a  por- 
trait from  a  photograph  after  a  drawing  by  Talfourd. 
In  our  perusal  we  have  come  across  a  rather  obvious, 
but  embarrassing  misprint  on  p.  213,  stanza  xciii. 
1.  4,  where  the  substitution  of  "he"  for  the  renders 
the  verse  unintelligible.  The  volume  deserves,  and 
will  obtain,  a  warm  welcome. 

Famous  Sayings  and  their  Authors.     By  Edward 

Latham.     (Sonnenschein  £  Co.) 
Dictionary  of  Battles.    By  T.  Benfield  Harbottle-. 

(Same  publishers.) 

Two  additions  have  been  made  to  the  useful 
and  now  rapidly  enlarging  series  of  reference  dic- 
tionaries. The  first,  which  is  by  that  indefatig- 
able gleaner  in  the  field  Mr.  Latham,  whose  name 
is  familiar  in  our  pages,  is  announced  as  a  '  Col- 
lection of  Historical  Sayings  in  English,  French, 
German,  Greek,  Italian,  and  Latin.'  Its  compila- 
tion has  obviously  been  a  matter  of  difficulty 
and  labour,  and  the  result  is  satisfactory. 
Very  many  of  the  sayings  advanced  are  the 
reputed  last  words  of  their  authors.  Nothing, 
as  the  compiler  knows,  is  much  more  fallacious- 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      EIO*  s.  ni.  JAX.  as,  uws. 


•than  are  such  utterances.  Even  when,  which 
is  not  always  the  case,  the  phrase  has  been 
used  by  the  man  to  whom  it  is  imputed  there  is 
rarely  any  proof  that  it  is  his  last  utterance. 
"  Deep  dream  of  peace  "  are  said  to  be  the  last  words 
•of  Leigh  Hunt.  That  he  used  them,  or  their  equi- 
valent, in  his  '  Abou  Ben  Adhem  '  we  know  ;  that 
they  were  the  last  words  he  spoke  we  venture  to 
doubt.  To  Thistlewood  is  attributed  "  I  shall  soon 
know  the  grand  secret,"  and  to  Rabelais  "Je  vais 
•querir  un  grand  peut-etre."  "No,  no!"  are  said 
to  be  the  last  words  of  Emily  Bronte.  They  may 
well  be  so  ;  but  they  scarcely  constitute  a  famous 
saying.  We  have  marked  for  notice  scores  of 
words  in  various  languages,  but  there  is  no  need  for 
long  comment.  The  work  may  be  read  with  amuse- 
ment and  advantage,  and  we  found  difficult  the 
task  of  abandoning  its  perusal.  The  sayings  are  of 
very  unequal  value.  Many  of  them  are,  however, 
curious,  and  most  repay  perusal.  Mr.  Latham,  in 
•his  interesting  preface,  concedes  that  the  ascrip- 
tion to  certain  people  of  well-known  phrases  is 
often  dubious.  Mr.  Latham,  we  understand,  has, 
in  deference  to  a  generally  expressed  opinion,  begun 
an  index  to  the  sayings,  which,  so  soon  as  it  is 
ready,  will  be  added  to  the  work. 

It  is  sad  to  hear  that  Mr.  Harbottle,  who  is 
responsible  for  the  '  Dictionary  of  Battles,'  died 
•while  the  work  was  going  to  press,  leaving  to  Mr. 
Dalbiac  the  revision  of  proofs.  It  is  a  useful  com- 
pilation and  up  to  date. 

MESSRS.  ROUTLEDGE  &  SONS  have  reissued  in  a 
cheap  and  an  attractive  form,  in  shilling  volumes, 
the  series  of  poets  first  published  by  Messrs.  Law- 
rence &  Bullen  under  the  title  of  "  The  Muses' 
Library."  At  the  appearance  of  successive  volumes 
of  what  was,  and  is,  the  daintiest  edition  of 
the  less  accessible  poets  we  drew  attention 
to  the  merits  of  each.  The  collection  includes 
Edmund  Waller,  2  vols.,  edited  by  G.  Thorn  Drury  ; 
Coleridge,  edited  by  Richard  Garnett,  C.B. ;  Henry 
Vauyhan,  edited  by  E.  K.  Chambers,  2  vols. ; 
Marcell,  edited  by  G.  A.  Aitken,  2  vols. ;  Donne, 
•  edited  by  E.  K.  Chambers,  2  vols.  :  William  Browne, 
edited  by  Gordon  Goodwin,  2  vols. ;  Drummond  of 
Haicth»i~>iden,  edited  by  Wm.  C.  VVard,  2  vols.  : 
Thomas  Careic,  edited  by  Arthur  Vincent ;  Keats, 
edited  by  G.  Thorn  Drury,  2  vols.  ;  John  Gay, 
.  edited  by  John  Underbill,  2  vols.  Each  volume  is 
in  a  pretty  cloth  cover,  suggestive  of  the  original 
binding.  The  whole  constitutes  for  the  lover  of 
poetry  a  most  enviable  collection.  Well  do  we 
remember  the  time,  a  couple  of  generations  ago,  when 
the  pretty  little  editions  then  issued  by  Sharpe, 
Cooke,  and  others  under  the  title  of  "British 
Poets"  did,  indeed,  "keep  the  word  of  promise  to 
the  ear,"  but  only  to  break  it  to  our  hopes,  since 
the  presence  of  the  Yaldens,  Orams,  Glynns, 
Grangers,  and  others  was  very  far  from  com- 
pensating for  the  omission  of  most  of  the  Tudor 
and  virtually  all  the  Restoration  poets.  A  writer 
such  as  Carew.  Suckling,  or  Marvell  was  then 
unattainable.  We  have  now  made  amends  for 
shortcoming,  and  all  the  poets  a  man  can  seek  to 
read  or  possess  are  available.  The  conditions  of 
appearance  furnish  a  guarantee  that  the  text  is 
in  every  case  pure  and  uncastrated,  and  the  series 
in  its  present  shape  is  an  incomparable  boon. 

WE  regret  to  notice  the  death  of  Mr.  W.  Fraser 
Rae,  on  the  22nd  inst.,  of  pneumonia.  He  was  a 


great  authority  on  the  Junius  question  and  also  on 
the  history  of  the  Sheridans.  He  contributed  notes 
to  'N.  fc  Q.'  on  'Mr.  Dilke  on  Junius,'  'House  of 
Commons  Sessions,'  and  other  subjects,  and  was  an 
accomplished  man  of  letters  with  an  unusually  wide 
range  of  learning,  as  his  published  works  suggest. 

MR.  T.  W.  SHORE,  of  whose  death  we  also  hear 
with  regret,  was  a  contributor  of  ours.  He  wrote  in 
the  Ninth  Series  on  'Kingston  Coronation  Stone,' 
and  contributed  several  articles  on  '  Oxford  as  a 
Place-name.'  A  biography  appears  in  The  Times 
of  the  17th  inst. 

MR.  A.  L.  HUMPHREYS,  of  187,  Piccadilly,  will 
issue  forthwith,  in  an  edition  limited  to  one  hundred 
copies,  a  work  entitled  '  Somersetshire  Parishes  :  a 
Handbook  of  Historical  Reference  to  all  Places  in 
the  County.'  It  will  appear  in  eight  parts,  whereof 
the  first.  Abbas  Combs  to  Binegar  (including  Bath, 
44  pp.),  is  now  ready. 


ia 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 
put  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
heading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "Duplicate." 

MANCUNIAN  ("Religion  of  all  sensible  men"). — 
Put  by  Disraeli  into  the  mouth  of  Waldershare  in 
'  Eridymion,'  but  related  by  Toland  in  his  '  Clido- 
phorus' (1720)  of  the  first  Lord  Shaftesbury.  See 
the  communications  by  MR.  W.  E.  COCKSHOTT  and 
GENERAL  PATRICK  MAXWELL  at  9"1  S.  x.  271.— The 
lines  you  inquire  about  do  not  refer  to  Napoleon  at 
St.  Helena.  They  should  run  :  — 

The  breaking  waves  dashed  high 
On  a  stern  and  rockbound  coast, 
and  are  from  Mrs.  Hemans's  '  Landing  of  the  Pil- 
grim Fathers.' 

E.  F.  McPiKE,  Chicago  ("  Millikin  -  Entwisle 
Families"). — Appeared  ante,  p.  6,  and  copy  of  the 
number  posted  to  you. 

CORRIGENDUM. — Ante,  p.  56,  col.  2,  line  22,  for 
"Seaham"  read  Sheahan. 

NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "  The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries'" — Adver- 
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10"- s.  in.  FEB.  4,  loos.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


81 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  k,  1905. 


CONTENTS.-No.  58. 

KOTBS :— Recently  Discovered  Keats  MSS.,  81— Father 
Paul  Sarpi  In  Early  English  Literature,  84— Photographs 
and  Lantern  Slides  :  their  Registration — Col.  W.  Light's 
Publications,  85  —  Patent  Medicines  —  "  Earpick  "  — 
"  Swedenborgianism  "  in  Philadelphia— William  Kastell 
—New  Year's  Eve  inBaskish—  "  Prosopoyall"— Christmas 
Custom  in  Somersetshire  —  Nathanael  Taubman,  86— 
"Larcin":  Bevan,  87. 

QUERIES  :—  Englishmen  under  Foreign  Governments  — 
Eton  Lists— Strahan,  Publisher— "  Harpist"— Sunset  at 
Washington — Laurel  Crowns  at  Olympia— "  The  hungry 
forties" — Halls  of  the  City  Companies— Cope  of  Brams- 
hill— James  and  Jane  Hogarth,  87— Kingsley  Quotation 
—  Roper— Sothern's  London  Residence— 'Suffolk  Mercury' 
— Faded  Handwriting — Authors  of  Quotations  Wanted — 
Kennington — Rev.  Randolph  Marriott — "  And  thou,  blest 
star  "  —  "  Snowte  "  :  Weir  and  Fishery,  88  —  Torpedoes, 
Submarines,  and  Rifled  Cannon— Baptist  Confession  of 
Faith,  1660— "jElian"— Firearms— "  Abraham  Newland" 
—'The  Phenix,'  1707  — Verse  on  a  Cook  — Gladstone  as 
Playwright,  89— Patents  of  Precedence,  90. 

REPLIES  :— Horseshoes  for  Luck,  90— Heraldic  Mottoes— 
Isabelline  as  a  Colour — Southey's  '  Omniana, '  92 — Children 
at  Executions— Loutherbourgh— Flying  Bridge— Ruskin 
at  Neuchfitel,  93— Ben  Jonson  and  Bacon— "  Dogmatism 
is  puppyism  full  grown" — Heraldic — '  The  Northampton 
Mercury ' — Count  A.  de  Panignano  :  Holloway— Duelling 
—Bacon  or  Usher?  91— "Walkyn  Silver"— Solitary  Mass 
—Split  Infinitive,  95— Rule  of  the  Road—'  Notes  on  the 
Book  of  Genesis,"  93— Mercury  in  Tom  Quad — Hugh 
Percy  —  Disbenched  Judges,  97  —  Arithmetic  —  Penny 
Wares  Wanted— "  Hand  "—Felix  Bryan  Macdonough— 
Blake  :  Norman  :  Oldmixon— Sir  T.  W.  Stubbs,  98. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS:— 'The  Garrick  Club1— Sir  George 
Trevelyan's  'American  Revolution '—'The  Shade  of  the 
Balkans  '—Burton's  'Anatomy.' 


RECENTLY  DISCOVERED  KEATS  MSS. 
THE  rediscovery,  in  October  last,  of  the 
Woodhouse  transcript  of  '  The  Fall  of 
Hyperion,'  which  differs  in  some  important 
respects  from  the  printed  version  of  the 
poem,  and  contains,  moreover,  twenty-one 
additional  lines,  has  already  been  made 
known.  With  the  consent  of  Lord  (Jrewe,  the 
owner  of  the  manuscript,  this  has  just  been 
published,  and  with  his  kind  permission, 
obtained  through  the  good  offices  of  Mr. 
Sidney  Colvin,  I  am  enabled  to  communicate 
to  students  of  Keats  some  further  matters 
of  considerable  interest.  At  the  end  of  the 
manuscript  is  a  small  collection  of  minor 
poems,  most  of  which  are  already  familiar ; 
but  among  them  are  two  early  poems  which 
have  never  appeared  in  print,  and  there  are 
some  points  arising  from  a  study  of  the 
transcript  which  throw  fresh  light  upon  the 
poet's  work.  The  earliest  poem  included  in 
our  manuscript  bears  the  date  August,  1814  ; 
it  is  therefore,  so  far  as  we  know,  only 
preceded  among  Keats's  Juvenilia  by  the 
'  Imitation  of  Spenser,'  which  was  written  in 
1813,  and  published  among  the  'Poems'  of 
1817.  Of  as  little  intrinsic  value  as  its 
predecessor,  it  is,  I  think,  of  equal  interest 


in  the  light  it  throws  upon  the  influences 
which  affected  his  early  work.  It  runs  as 
follows  : — 

Fill  for  me  a  brimming  bowl 

And  let  me  in  it  drown  my  soul  : 

But  put  therein  some  drug,  designed 

To  banish  women  from  my  mind  : 

For  I  want  not  the  stream  inspiring 

That  fills  the  mind  with — fond  desiring, 

But  I  want  as  deep  a  draught 

As  e'er  from  Lethe's  wave  was  quaff  d, 

From  my  despairing  heart  to  charm 

The  Image  of  the  fairest  form 

That  e'er  my  reveling  eyes  beheld, 

That  e'er  my  wandering  fancy  spell  'd. 

In  vain  !    Away  I  cannot  chace 

The  melting  softness  of  that  face, 

The  happiness  of  those  bright  Eyes, 

That  breast — earth's  only  Paradise. 

My  sight  will  never  more  be  blest ; 

For  all  I  see  has  lost  its  zest  : 

Nor  with  delight  can  I  explore 

The  classic  page,  or  Muse's  lore 

Had  she  but  known  how  beat  my  heart, 

And  with  one  smile  reliev'd  its  smart, 

I  should  have  felt  a  sweet  relief 

I  should  have  felt  "  the  joy  of  grief." 

Yet  as  a  Tuscan  mid  the  snow 

Of  Lapland  thinks  on  sweet  Arno, 

Even  so  for  ever  shall  she  be 

The  Halo  of  my  Memory. 

Aug.  1814. 

Just  as  in  the  'Imitation  of  Spenser'  we 
only  see  the  Elizabethan  master  through  the 
veil  of  his  later  and  more  conventional 
imitators,  so  here  we  have  the  influence  of 
the  early  poems  of  Milton  acting  upon  the 
young  poet,  though  he  is  only  treating  a- 
conventional  subject  in  a  purely  conventional 
manner ;  and  the  lines  are  interesting  as 
certainly  Keats's  first  experiment  in  the 
measure  which  he  learnt  from  Milton  and 
Fletcher,  and  was  afterwards  to  bring  to 
such  perfection  in  '  Fancy '  and  '  The  Eve  of 
St.  Mark.' 

The  next  verses  calling  for  comment  are 
those  entitled  'A  Song,'  of  which  the  first 
line  runs  :— 

Stay,  ruby-breasted  warbler,  stay. 
They  were  first  printed  by  Lord  Hough  ton 
among  the  early  poems,  but  were  omitted  by 
Mr.  Buxton  Forman  from  his  editions  of 
Keats  because,  in  a  scrap-book 
"  containing  a  mass  of  transcripts  by  George  Keats 
from  his  brother's  poetry,  this  poem  is  not  only 
written  in  George's  hand,  but  signed  '  G.  K.'  instead 
of  '  J.  K.,'  and  indeed  it  reads  more  like  one  of  the 
effusions  which  George  is  recorded  to  have  produced 
than  an  early  poem  by  John." 

With  this  evidence  before  him  Mr.  Forman 
had  no  choice  but  to  reject  the  lines  ;  but 
their  appearance  in  the  Woodhouse  transcript 
puts  a  somewhat  different  complexion  on  the 
matter.  It  is  highly  probable,  as  I  have 
shown  elsewhere,  that  Woodhouse  obtained 


82 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  in.  FEB.  *,  IMS. 


the  poems  for  transcription  from  Brown,  and, 
moreover,  that  they  were  all  in  Keats's  auto- 
graph ;  and  Brown  is  the  last  person  who 
could  be  expected  to  honour  George  Keats 
by  the  preservation  of  one  of    his  poems. 
This  evidence,  though  not  conclusive  against 
the  signature  in  the  scrap-book,  is  at  least 
as  weighty  ;  and  I  incline  myself  to  restore 
the  lines  to  John,  though  their  quality  is  not 
such  as  to  make  that  restoration  an  act  of 
grace.    If  John  indeed  wrote  them,  he  wrote 
them  at  a  very  early  stage  in  his  poetic  career. 
A  sonnet  '  On  Peace  '  is  also  found  in  the 
Woodhouse  transcript.    It  runs  as  follows:— 
O  Peace  !  and  dost  thou  with  thy  presence  bless 
The  dwellings  of  this  war-surrounded  Isle  ; 
Soothing  with  placid  brow  our  late  distress, 
Making  the  triple  Kingdom  brightly  smile? 
Joyful  I  hail  thy  presence  ;  and  I  hail 
The  sweet  companions  that  await  on  thee  ; 
Complete  my  joy— let  not  my  first  wish  fail, 
Let  the  sweet  mountain  nymph  thy  favorite  be, 
With     England's    happiness     proclaim    Luropas 

liberty. 

O  Europe  !  let  not  sceptred  Tyrants  see 
That  thou  must  shelter  in  thy  former  state  ; 
Keep  thy  chains  burst,  and  boldly  say  thou  art 

free  * 

Give  thy  Kings  law— leave  not  uncurbed  the  (great  ?) 
So  with  the  honors  past  thou  'It  win  thy  happier 

fate  ! 

The  sonnet  is  undated  in  the  manuscript, 
but  we  can  hardly  be  wrong  in  assigning  it 
to  1814  or  1815.  It  was  obviously  inspired 
either  by  Napoleon's  retirement  to  Elba  or 
by  the  peace  which  followed  upon  the  battle 
of  Waterloo.  The  weakness  of  the  sonnet 
would  lead  us  to  favour  the  earlier  date. 
A^ain  we  notice  a  reminiscence  of  the  early 
poems  of  Milton  (the  "  sweet  mountain 
nymph  "  being  borrowed  from  '  L' Allegro '), 
whilst  a  phrase  here  and  there  suggests  that 
Keats  had  already  made  the  acquaintance  of 
Wordsworth's  '  Poems '  of  1807. 

Another  early  poem  shows  the  influence  of 
Wordsworth  in  a  somewhat  amusing  way. 
In  1816,  probably  early  in  the  year,  Keats 
sent  to  his  future  sister-in-law,  Georgiana 
Augusta  Wylie,  an  "elegant"  set  of  verses 
in  the  manner  of  Moore,  then  fashionable. 
Their  first  line  runs  :— - 

0  come,  Georgiana,  the  rose  is  full  blown. 
These  stanzas  were  not  published  till  1883, 
when  they  appeared  in  Mr.  Buxton  For- 
man's  monumental  edition.  They  are  to  be 
found  in  the  Woodhouse  transcript,  but  for 
the  name  "Georgiana"  in  the  first  stanza  is 
substituted  "  my  dear  Emma  "  ;  and  in  the 
third  stanza  for  "  And  there,  Georgiana,"  we 
read  "  There,  beauteous  Emma."  It  will  be 
remembered  that  Emma  or  Emmeline,  accord- 
ing to  the  exigencies  of  metre,  was  the  name 


by  which  Wordsworth  referred  to  his  sister 
Dorothy,  and  there  can  be  little  doubt  that 
Keats  intended  to  veil  the  identity  of  his 
tuture  sister-in-law  under  the  same  nom  de 
plume. 

The  next  point  upon  which  our  manuscript 
bhrows  new  light  is  the  identity  of  the  friend 
bo  whom  Keats  addressed  his  fine  sonnet- 
beginning, 

O  that  a  week  could  be  an  age  ! 

This  sonnet  was  first  published  by  Lord 
Houghton  in  the  '  Life,  Letters,'  &c.,  of 
1848,  with  the  title  Sonnet,  '  To  John 
Hamilton  Reynolds '  ;  and  it  is  generally 
attributed  to  February— March,  1818,  when 
Keats  was  at  Teignmouth.  No  other  manu- 
script of  this  poem  is  known  to  exist,  so 
that  it  seems  probable  that  Lord  Houghton 
printed  it  from  the  Woodhouse  transcript ; 
but  it  is  headed  there  'To  J.  R.,'  which,  as 
Mr.  Colvin  has  reminded  me,  would  un- 
doubtedly refer  not  to  Reynolds — who  always 
signed  himself  and  was  addressed  J.  H. 
Reynolds  —  but  to  James  Rice,  known  to 
Keats  and  many  of  his  circle  as  one  of  the 
wittiest  and  most  lovable  of  men.  Keats 
was  in  correspondence  with  Rice  at  the  time 
when  this  sonnet  is  agreed  to  have  been 
composed,  so  that  there  is  no  improbability 
in  the  matter ;  whilst  it  is  quite  easy  to 
understand,  when  we  consider  the  small  part 
played  by  Rice  in  the  literary  life  of  Keats, 
how  Lord  Houghton  might  for  the  moment 
forget  his  existence,  and  interpret  J.  R.  as 
referring  to  Reynolds. 

My  last  note  upon  the  contents  of  this 
Woodhouse     transcript     deals     with     that 
pathetic  sonnet  written  by  Keats  late  in  181& 
The  day  is  gone,  and  all  its  sweets  are  gone, 

which  is  preserved  in  a  somewhat  different 
form  from  that  given  to  the  world  by 
Lord  Houghton.  In  1.  3  Woodhouse  reads 
tranced  for  light — far  more  in  keeping  with 
the  spirit  of  the  line,  and  more  characteristic 
of  Keats  ;  whilst  still  more  striking  is  the 
fact  that  the  second  and  third  quatrains  are 
transposed.  A  truly  Shakspearian  effect,. 
always  striven  after  by  Keats  in  his  later 
sonnets,  and  often  attained  as  no  other  poet 
has  attained  it,  is  secured  by  the  repetition 
of  the  word  "faded"  when  it  is  reserved  for 
the  climax  of  the  sonnet,  and  the  general 
effect  of  the  whole  is  immeasurably  enhanced. 
Thus  :— 
The  day  is  gone,  and  all  its  sweets  are  gone  ! 

Sweet  voice,  sweet  lips,  soft  hand,  and  softer 

breast, 
Warm  breath,  tranced  whisper,  tender  semitone, 

Bright   eyes,  accomplished  shape,  and  lang'rous 
waist ! 


in.  FEB.  4, 1905.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Vanish'd  unseasonably  at  shut  of  eve, 

When  the  dusk  holiday — or  holinight 
Of  fragrant-curtain'd  love  begins  to  weave 

The  woof  of  darkness  thick,  for  hid  delight : 
Faded  the  flower  and  all  its  budded  charms, 

Faded  the  sight  of  beauty  from  my  eyes, 
Faded  the  shape  of  beauty  from  my  arms, 

Faded  the  voice,  warmth,  whiteness,  paradise— 
But,  as  I  've  read  love's  missal  through  to-day, 
He  '11  let  me  sleep,  seeing  I  fast  and  pray. 

It  is,  of  course,  quite  possible  that  another 
MS.  of  the  poem  was  in  the  possession  of 
Lord  Houghton,  and  that  he  did  not  use  the 
Woodhouse  transcript  in  this  instance ;  but 
the  variation  between  the  two  versions  is 
not,  in  my  opinion,  too  great  to  be  due  to 
Lord  Houghton  alone.  It  must  be  remem- 
bered that  the  conception  as  to  the  duties  of 
an  editor  were  different  in  the  middle  of  the 
last  century  from  what  they  are  to-day,  and 
my  examination  of  the  MS.  of  '  The  Fall  of 
Hyperion '  side  by  side  with  Lord  Houghton 's 
printed  text  has  revealed  discrepancies  even 
more  striking  than  these.  But,  in  any  case, 
the  version  which  I  have  just  printed  is 
undoubtedly  authentic,  and  I  believe  that 
many  students  of  Keats  will  think  it  superior 
to  the  other. 

Together  with  the  Wood  house  transcript 
of  'The  Fall  of  Hyperion,  and  other  Poems,1 
Lord  Crewe  discovered  a  fragment  of  the 
autograph  MS.  of  the  'Ode  to  Fanny,' 
which,  apparently,  was  lost  together  with 
the  transcript,  and  has  never  been  collated 
since  its  publication  in  1848.  It  consists  of 
one  sheet  containing  stanzas  2  and  3,  one 
bottom  half-sheet  with  stanza  5,  and  one 
sheet  with  stanzas  6  and  7.  The  paper  is 
ordinary  foolscap,  and  bears  the  water-mark 
Wilmott,  1818.  The  MS.  not  only  preserves 
several  rejected  readings,  but  in  some  places 
enables  us  to  correct  the  printed  text ;  for 
it  seems  unlikely  that  Keats,  who  did  not 
prepare  the  poem  for  publication,  wrote 
another  copy  of  it. 

I  print  Lord  Houghton's  version,  with 
notes  upon  the  variations  to  be  observed  in 
the  MS. 

o_ 

Ah  !  dearest  love,  sweet  home  of  all  my  fears, 
And  hopes,  and  joys,  and  panting  miseries, — 
To-night,  if  I  may  guess,  thy  beauty  wears 
A  smile  of  such  delight, 
As  brilliant  and  as  bright, 
As  when  with  ravish'd,  aching,  vassal  eyes, 
Lost  in  soft  amaze, 
I  gaze,  I  gaze  ! 

There  are  no  important  variations  in  this 
stanza,  though  the  punctuation  is  different. 
The  note  of  interjection  in  line  1  is  placed 
by  Keats  after  love  and  not  after  Ah,  and 
there  is  no  comma  after  fears  or  joys.  In 
1.  4  "A  smile  of  such  delight  "  is  altered  to  [ 


"A  smiling  of  delight,"  and  then  the  of  is. 
cancelled  as  though  to  make  room  for  a  mono- 
syllabic adjective  ;  but  this  was  not  supplied,, 
and  so  Lord  Houghton  was  obliged  to  restore 
the  first  reading. 

o. 

Who  now,  with  greedy  looks,  eats  up  my  feast  ? 
What  stare  outfaces  now  my  silver  moon  ? 
Ah  !  keep  that  hand  unravish'd  at  the  least ; 

Let,  let,  the  amorous  burn — 

But,  pr'ythee,  do  not  turn 
The  current  of  your  heart  from  me  so  soon. 

O  !  save,  in  charity, 

The  quickest  pulse  for  me. 

The  MS.  preserves  a  false  start  for  the  first 
line,  "My  temples  with  hot  jealous  pulses 
beat."  In  1.  6  heart  is  cancelled  for  thotif/hts^ 
Stanza  4  is  wanting,  and  5  shows  no  varia- 
tions from  the  printed  text.  Lord  Houghton 
prints  6  and  7  thus : — 

6. 

I  know  it — and  to  know  it  is  despair 
To  one  who  loves  you  as  I  love,  sweet  Fanny  ! 
Whose  heart  goes  flutt'ring  for  you  every  where,. 

Nor,  when  away  you  roam, 

Dare  keep  its  wretched  home, 
Love,  love  alone,  his  pains  severe  and  many  : 

Then,  loveliest !  keep  me  free, 

From  torturing  jealousy. 

7. 

Ah  !  if  you  prize  my  subdued  soul  above 
The  poor,  the  fading,  brief  pride  of  an  hour  : 
Let  none  profane  my  Holy  See  of  love, 

Or  with  a  rude  hand  break 

The  sacramental  cake  : 
Let  none  else  touch  the  just  new-budded  flower 

If  not — may  my  eyes  close, 

Love  !  on  their  last  repose. 

Stanza  6  seems  to  have  given  Keats  some- 
trouble,  for  the  following  false  starts  are- 
preserved  : — 

I  know  it !  yet  sweet  Fanny  I  would  feign 

Knoll  for  a  mercy  on  my  lonely  hours. 

I  know  it :  yet  sweet  Fanny  I  would  feign 

Cry  your  soft  mercy  for  a 

For  "Fanny,"  "girl"  was  first  written, 
but  immediately  cancelled.  The  last  part  of 
the  stanza  differs  substantially  from  Lord 
Houghton's  version.  It  runs  thus  : — 

Xor  when  away  you  roam. 
Dare  keep  its  wretched  home. 
Love,  Love  alone  has  pains  severe  and  many  : 
When  loneliest  keep  me  free 
From  torturing  jealousy. 

It  will  be  agreed  that  the  change  in  the 
punctuation  at  the  end  of  1.  5  and  the  MS. 
reading  in  1.  6  of  has  for  his  much  improve 
the  sense.  On  the  alteration  of  1.  7  it  should 
be  remarked  that  Keats's  w's  and  w's  are  always 
much  alike,  as  any  one  acquainted  with^his 
autograph  MSS.  can  testify  ;  but  the  W  at 
the  beginning  of  the  line  is  unmistakable, 
and  the  absence  of  the  note  of  interjection 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  m.  FEB.  4, ins. 


corroborates  the  view  that  the  reading  re- 
corded above  is  what  Keats  intended.  It  is, 
moreover,  far  more  effective. 

In  stanza  7  there  is  little  divergence  to 
remark  upon.  In  the  last  line  Keats  wrote 
•last.  Lord  Houghton  printed  lost  in  1848, 
but  in  the  Aldine  edition  corrected  to  last. 
Mr.  Buxton  Forrnan,  regarding  the  Aldine 
last  as  a  misprint  (as,  indeed,  it  is  quite  likely 
to  have  been),  reproduced  in  his  editions  the 
reading  of  the  first  edition. 

ERNEST  DE  SELINCOURT. 
2,  Grove  Place,  Oxford. 


FATHER  PAUL  SARPI  IN  EARLY 
ENGLISH  LITERATURE. 

(See  ante,  p.  44.) 

ANOTHER  intimate  friend  of  Father  Paul's, 
•even  more  so  than  Wotton,  was  that  truly 
-excellent  man  William  Bedell,  afterwards 
Bishop  of  Kilmore,  in  Ireland.  Sir  Henry 
Wotton,  in  a  letter  which  he  addressed  to 
King  Charles  I.  in  Bedell's  interest,  uses  this 
expression  :  "This  is  the  Man  whom  Padre 
Paulo  took  (I  may  say)  into  his  very  Soul  " 
<'  Life,'  p.  32).  Bedell  was  chaplain  to  Sir 
Henry  Wotton  in  Venice  for  eight  years, 
and  Burnet,  in  his  life  of  the  bishop,  has 
many  sympathetic  references  to  Father  Paul, 
-and  what  follows  may  suffice  in  the  way  of 
quotation  (p.  7)  : — 

"  P.  Paulo  was  then  the  Divine  of  the  State,  a 
n>an  equally  eminent  for  vast  learning  and  a  most 
•consummated  prudence ;  and  was  at  once  one  of 
the  greatest  Divines,  and  of  the  wisest  Men  of  his 
Age.  But  to  commend  the  celebrated  Historian  of 
the  Council  of  Trent,  is  a  thing  so  needless  that  I 
•may  well  stop  ;  yet  it  must  needs  raise  the  Character 
of  Bedell  much,  that  an  Italian,  who,  besides  the 
^caution  that  is  natural  to  the  Countrey,  and  the 
prudence  that  obliged  one  in  his  circumstances  to 
a  more  than  ordinary  distrust  of  all  the  World,  was 
tyed  up  by  the  strictness  of  that  Government  to  a 
very  great  reservedness  with  all  people,  yet  took 
Bedell  into  his  very  Soul ;  and  as  Sir  Henry  Wotton 
-assured  the  late  King,  He  communicated  to  him 
the  inwardest  thoughts  of  his  Heart,  and  professed 
that  he  had  learnt  more  from  him  in  all  the  parts 
of  Divinity,  whether  Speculative  or  Practical,  than 
irom  any  he  had  ever  conversed  with  in  his  whole 
life.  So  great  an  intimacy  with  so  extraordinary  a 
person  is  enough  to  raise  a  Character,  were  there 
-no  more  to  be  added.  P.  Paulo  went  further,  for 
-he  assisted  him  in  acquiring  the  Italian  Tongue,  in 
which  Bedell  became  such  a  Master,  that  he  spoke 
it  as  one  born  in  Italy,  and  penned  all  the  Sermons 
he  then  preached,  either  in  Italian  or  Latine  ;  in 
this  last  it  will  appear  by  the  productions  of  his 
Pen  yet  remaining,  that  he  had  a  true  Roman  Stile, 
inferior  to  none  of  the  Modern  Writers,  if  not  equal 

to   the  Ancients The  intimacy  between  them 

grew  so  great  and  so  publick,  that  when  P.  Paulo 
'•was  wounded  by  those  Assassinates  that  were  set 


on  by  the  Court  of  Rome  to  destroy  so  redoubted 
an  Enemy,  upon  the  failing  of  which  attempt  a 
Guard  was  set  on  him  by  the  Senate,  that  knew 
how  to  value  and  preserve  so  great  a  Treasure  ;  and 
much  precaution  was  used  before  any  were  admitted 
to  come  to  him,  Bedell  was  excepted  out  of  those 
rules,  and  had  free  access  to  him  at  all  times." 

Towards  the  close  of  the  year  in  which  he 
published  his  '  Life  of  William  Bedell,  Bishop 
of  Kilmore,'  viz.,  1685,  Bishop  Burnet  visited 
the  city  of  Venice.  By  this  time  Father  Paul 
was  dead  nearly  sixty-three  years,  and  the 
following  is  the  only  reference  Burnet  makes 
to  him.  I  must  say  there  is  such  an  air 
of  indifferency  in  his  remarks  as  we  should 
scarcely  expect  from  a  man  who  wrote  the 
life  of  one  of  Father  Paul's  dearest  friends 
('  Letters,'  ed.  1687,  p.  109)  :— 

"  I  went  to  the  Covenfc  of  the  Serri  but  I  found 
Father  Paul  was  not  in  such  consideration  there 
as  he  is  elsewhere ;  I  asked  for  his  Tomb,  but  they 
made  no  account  of  him,  and  seemed  not  to  know 
where  it  was  ;  it  is  true,  the  Person  to  whom  I  was 
recommended  was  not  in  Venice,  so  perhaps  they 
refined  too  much  in  this  matter.  1  had  great 
Discourse  with  some  at  Venice  concerning  the 
Memorials  out  of  which  F.  Paul  drew  his  History, 
which  are  no  doubt  all  preserved  with  great  care 
in  their  Archives,  and  since  the  Transactions  of  the 
Council  of  Trent,  as  they  are  of  great  Importance, 
so  they  are  become  now  much  controverted  by  the 
different  relations  that  F.  Paul,  and  Cardinal 
Pallavicini  have  given  the  World  of  that  matter ; 
the  only  way  to  put  an  end  to  all  disputes  in  matter 
of  fact  is  to  Print  the  Originals  themselves." 

In  a  letter,  without  date,  and  from  the 
initials  addressed  to  Sir  Henry  Goodier,  Dr. 
Donne  mentions  Father  Paul  by  name  and 
no  more  (p.  144) : — 

"Justinian  the  Venetian  is  gone  hence,  and  one 
Carraw  come  in  his  place  :  that  State  [Venice]  hath 
taken  a  fresh  offence  at  a  Friar,  who  refused  to 
absolve  a  Gentleman,  because  he  would  not  expresse 
in  confession  what  books  of  Father  Paul,  and  such, 
he  knew  to  be  in  the  hands  of  any  others  ;  the  State 
commanded  him  out  of  that  territory  in  three  hours 
warning,  and  he  hath  now  submitted  himself,  and 
is  returned  as  prisoner  for  Mantua,  and  so  remains 
as  yet." 

As  far  as  I  can  make  out,  this  is  the  only 
mention  by  Donne  of  Father  Paul  in  the 
collection  of  '  Letters '  published  by  his  son 
in  1651.  Turning,  however,  to  '  The  Life  and 
Letters  of  John  Donne'  (2  vols.,  1899),  by 
Mr.  Gosse — what  a  wealth  of  most  interest- 
ing matter  he  has  brought  together  in  this 
delightful  biography,  worthy  alike  of  his 
subject  and  of  himself  ! — I  find  the  following 
bequest  in  Dr.  Donne's  will  (vol.  ii.  p.  360) : — 

"To  Doctor  King  my  executor  I  give  that  medal 
of  gold  of  the  synod  of  Dort  which  the  estates 
presented  me  withal  at  the  Hague  as  also  the  two 
pictures  of  Padre  Paolo  and  Fulgent io  which  hang 
in  the  parlour  at  my  house  at  Paul's." 


s.  in.  FEB.  4, 1905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


8.5 


The  late  Rev.  Dr.  Hannah,  in  his  edition  of 
Bishop  Henry  King's  'Poems,'  1843,  prints 
the  will  of  the  latter  (p.  cviii),  but  I  cannot 
see  that  he,  in  his  turn,  bequeathed  the 
portraits  above  mentioned.  He  probably 
disposed  of  them  in  his  lifetime  to  some 
member  of  his  family ;  indeed,  from  a  remark 
in  the  will,  this  is  very  likely. 

The  following  passage  is  taken  from  a  letter, 
without  date,  written  by  Bishop  Bedell  to 
Dr.  Samuel  Ward,  of  Cambridge.  It  is  printed 
in  Dr.  Richard  Parr's  '  Life  of  Archbishop 
Usher,'  1686,  and  how  it  came  to  be  included 
in  that  biography  is  not  quite  apparent. 
Bishop  Bedell  died  on  7  February,  1642  ;  the 
letter  must  therefore  have  been  written  before 
that  time  (p.  445) : — 

"Touching  the  Propositions  of  Molina  opposed 
by  the  Dominicans,  and  the  Letters  of  Hippolytus 
de  Monte-Peloso,  I  am  glad  you  have  met  with  them  : 
For  I  sent  you  the  Originals  which  P.  Paulo  gave 
me  upon  occasion  of  speech  with  him  touching  that 
Controversy,  reserving  no  Copy  to  my  self.  The 
occasion  was  the  contention  of  the  Jesuits  and 
Dominicans  before  Pope  Clement  the  8th.  And  those 
Letters  were  week  by  week  sent  from  Rome  to  Padre 
Paulo,  of  the  carriage  of  the  Business.  When  you 
find  a  trusty  Messenger,  1  desire  you  to  send  me 
them." 

At  the  close  of  this  folio  there  are  a  number 
of  interesting  letters  of  a  miscellaneous  cha- 
racter, one  of  them  being  'A  Letter  from 
Padre  Paulo  (Author  of  the  History  of 
the  Council  of  Trent)  to  the  Abbot  of 
St.  Medard,'  and  dated  "From  Venice  this 
22d  of  July,  Ki08." 

James  Howell,  in  his  '  Survay  of  the  Sig- 
norie  of  Venice/  1651,  has  these  references 
to  Father  Paul : — 

"  She  [Venice]  hath  allso  two  very  eminent  men, 
the  one  a  sound  Divine,  the  other  a  learned  Casuist, 
that  have  a  pension  from  the  Republic,  who  are 
allwayes  ready  in  case  She  have  any  contestation 
with  Rome,  to  defend  and  vindicat  Her  by  public 
writing,  and  to  satisfy  the  world  of  her  proceeding, 
as  Paolo  Servita  did." — P.  8. 

"  The  Senat  with  much  maturity  pouder'd  these 
Breves,  and  therupon  sent  to  confer  with  their 
learnedst  Counsellors  in  the  Civill  Lawes,  amongst 
whom  they  admitted  Paul  of  Venice,  of  the  Order 
of  the  Servites,  an  eminent  Divine  and  Canonist, 
with  other  Padouan  Doctors,  to  consult  what 
answer  they  shold  return  the  Pope." — P.  147. 

A.  S. 
(To  be  continued,) 


PHOTOGRAPHS  AND  LANTERN  SLIDES  :  THEIR 
REGISTRATION.— I  have  recently  had  occa- 
sion, in  investigating  a  question  of  Indian 
archaeology,  to  search  for  photographs  and 
lantern  slides  illustrating  the  matter.  The 
Government  of  India  published  in  1900  a 
'List  of  the  Photographic  Negatives  of 


Indian  Antiquities'  existing  in  Calcutta  and* 
London.  To  begin  with,  this  list  has  not  been 
brought  up  to  date,  and  further,  a  large 
proportion  of  the  negatives  are  at  Calcutta, 
and  not  easily  accessible  to  English  students. 
I  would  suggest  that  you  should  open  your 
columns  to  a  general  discussion  on  the 
question  of  the  collection  and  registration  of 
photographs  and  lantern  slides  for  scientific 
purposes.  The  art  of  photography  is  now  so 
generally  known,  and  half-tone  blocks  are  so- 
largely  used  in  the  magazines  and  illustrated 
papers  of  the  day,  that  there  must  be  an 
enormous  stock  of  pictures  and  blocks 
in  existence  which  would  be  most  valu- 
able for  the  illustration  of  scientific  and 
educational  books  and  contributions  to  the 
proceedings  of  learned  societies.  It  is  needless 
to  say  that  if  existing  photographs  and  blocks, 
free  from  the  complications  attaching  to- 
copyright,  could  be  made  available  in  this 
way,  the  cost  of  illustrations  would  be  greatly 
reduced.  Some  societies  —  such  as  the 
Hellenic,  the  Geological,  and  the  Anthropo- 
logical Institute — are  doing  something  in  the 
way  of  collecting  photographs  relating  to 
their  special  subjects.  It  seems  a  practical 
suggestion  that  each  scientific  society  should 
open  a  register,  and  invite  photographers  and 
publishers  to  furnish  entries  of  their  negatives 
and  blocks,  giving  the  address  of  the  owner 
and  the  terms  on  which  the  use  of  such  illus- 
trations would  be  allowed  to  scientific  and 
literary  men.  Whether  Government  should 
be  moved  to  establish  an  official  registry  office 
for  India  and  the  colonies  is  another  question. 
I  am  quite  conscious  of  the  difficulties  which- 
surround  the  matter,  and  I  now  venture  to- 

Elace  the  subject  before  your  readers  in  the 
ope  that  from  the  discussion  some  useful 
suggestions  may  be  contributed  towards  the 
solution  of  the  problem.  EMERITUS. 

[We  think  the  scheme  a  good  one,  but  are  not 
prepared  to  insert  lists  ourselves,  as  the  demands- 
on  our  space  are  pressing.] 

COL.  WILLIAM  LIGHT'S  PUBLICATIONS.— In 
the  corrigenda  volume  of  the  '  Dictionary  of 
National  Biography'  a  correction  is  made 
which  needs  contradiction.  In  the  original 
article  on  Col.  William  Light,  who  founded 
Adelaide  in  South  Australia,  he  is  credited 
with  the  publication  of  two  books,  'Views 
of  Sicily'  (London,  1822,  "by  Major  Light") 
and  'Views  of  Pompeii'  (London,  1828,  "by 
William  Light,  Esq.,  late  on  the  Staff  of  the 
Army  under  the  Duke  of  Wellington  in  the 
Peninsula ").  These  are  in  the  corrigenda, 
volume  unnecessarily  and  wrongly  attributed 
to  Sir  Henry  Light,  who  was  author  of 


86 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io«- s.  m.  FEB.  *, 


*  Travels  in  Egypt'  in  1818.  I  need  but  point 
out  that  when  Major  Light's  'Views  of  Sicily 
appeared  Sir  Henry  Light  was  a  captain  in 
the  Royal  Artillery.  The  authorship  o; 
''Views  of  Sicily'  is  vouched  for  on  the  title- 
page.  I  had  no  idea  of  any  doubt  on  the 
•subject  when,  in  1901,  Messrs.  Sampson  Low 
published  my  book  'The  Founders  of  Penang 
and  Adelaide.'  A.  FRANCIS  STEUART. 

PATENT  MEDICINES.—  These  do  not  appeal 
to  be  anywhere  defined  in  the  '  H.E.D.'  under 
"*  Patent';  and  the  only  illustrative  quota- 
tions of  the  term  are  misleading,  being  given 
under  "  3.  Of  an  invention  :  Protected  or 
•covered  by  letters  patent,"  &c.  At  the  time 
to  which  these  quotations  refer  patent  inedi- 
•cines  were  so  protected,  but  this  is  not  the 
•case  with  one  in  a  thousand  of  the  so-called 
"  patents  "  which  now  afflict  humanity.  They 
are  simply  proprietary  medicines  bearing  a 
'Government  stamp.  The  distinction  is  of 
some  importance,  and  ought  to  have  been 
•explained.  C.  C.  B. 

"  EAEPICK."—  William  Fisher,  priest  in  the 
Minster  of  Sheppey  (Kent),  by  his  will, 
proved  5  June,  1505,  gave  "  to  the  Shrine 
of  St.  Sexburga  a  little  crucifix  with  a  ere 
pike  of  silver."  The  will  was  proved  at 
Canterbury,  iu  the  Archdeacon's  Court 
{vol.  x.).  ARTHUR  HUSSEY. 

Tankerton-on-Sea,  Kent. 

[The  'N.E.D.'  has  one  earlier  quotation,  dated 


"  SWEDENBORGIANISM  "  IN  PHILADELPHIA.— 

The  late  Dean  Hole,  in  his  '  A  Little  Tour  in 
America,'  is  made  to  assert,  on  p.  323,  that 
among  the  places  of  worship  in  the  city  of 
Philadelphia,  in  the  year  1725,  there  was 
"one  Swedenborgian."  As,  however,  the 
"New  Church,"  commonly  called  "Sweden- 
borgian," was  not  organized  in  America 
before  1788,  the  Dean's  statement  is  mani- 
festly erroneous  —  he  probably  meant  1825. 
CHARLES  HIGHAM. 

WILLIAM  RASTELL.  —  The  'D.N.B.,'  xlvii. 
305,  says  :  "He  was  continued  in  office  by 
Elizabeth,  resigning  office  early  in  1563."  In 
fact,  he  had  already  fled  to  Flanders  before 
10  January,  1561/2  ('Cal.  S.P.,  Span.,  Eliz.,' 
vol.  i.  p.  224).  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

NEW  YEAR'S  EVE  IN  BASKISH.—  Christmas 
Eve  is  nocke  buena  in  Castilian  ;  and  the 
Baskish  gabon  is  the  literal  translation  of 
that.  Gab  on  !  or  Gau  on  !  is  also  used  for 
the  nightly  salutation  "  Good  night  !  "  the 
Basks  not  using  the  plural  as  the  Castilians 
do  when  they  say,  "Buenas  noches  !"  As 


Christmas  was  once  the  beginning  of  the 
civil  as  well  as  of  the  ecclesiastical  year,  the 
Basks  still  call  New  Year's  Eve  gabon  tsar  or 
sar,  literally  "old  good  night."  They  do  not 
apply  this  term,  as  one  might  have  expected, 
to  Twelfth  Night.  They  call  Christmas  Day 
egu  or  egun,  or  egum  berri  (or  barri),  i.e., 
"  new  day."  New  Year's  Day  is  iirthatse, 
from  urte  (or  /iwrte)=year,  and  hatse  or 
haste  =  beginning.  The  Epiphany  is  Tru- 
fania,  a  word  which  has  not  yet,  I  believe, 
been  explained.  Can  the  syllable  tru  be  in 
any  way  connected  with  trois  (rois)]  The 
good  in  noche  buena  reminds  one,  of  course, 
of  "Good  Friday"  as  translating  "Vendredi 
Saint."  EDWARD  S.  DODGSON. 

"  PROSOPOYALL." — The  twenty-fifth  chapter 
of  Montaigne's  '  Essays,'  Book  I. ,  is  an  elabo- 
rate and  substantial  disquisition  '  Of  the 
Institution  and  Education  of  Children,'  as 
Florio  expresses  the  title.  Somewhat  before 
the  middle,  after  showing  how  the  young 
man  should  comport  himself  when  beginning 
to  make  his  way  into  society,  the  essayist  ap- 
propriately quotes  from  Seneca,  "Licet  sapere 
sine  pompa,  sine  invidia."  Then  he  proceeds, 
"Fuye  ces  images  regenteuses,"  &c.  This  ex- 

gression  Florio  renders,  "  Let  him  avoid  those 
rosopoyall  images  of  the  world,"  &c.  "  Proso- 
poyall  "  does  not  seem  to  have  won  the  favour 
of  a  MS.  commentator  on  the  copy  of  Florio 
which  prompts  this  note,  for  he  has  wantonly 
put  his  pen  through  it  and  inserted  "im- 
perious," as  an  epithet  more  to  his  mind. 
Probably  "Prosopoyall"  was  foredoomed  to 
neglect,  but  it  need  not  greatly  disturb  any 
scholarly  reader  of  Florio,  and,  at  any  rate, 
it  is  interesting  in  itself  as  illustrative  of 
the  translator's  vocabulary.  "  Prosopopeyall 
gravitie"  occurs  in  the  essay  'Of  Experience.' 
Other  examples  would  be  useful. 

THOMAS  BAYNE. 

CHRISTMAS  CUSTOM  IN  SOMERSETSHIRE. — 
Lake's  Falmouth  Packet  for  30  December, 
1904,  remarks  : — 

"A  curious  Christmas  -  Eve  custom,  known  as 
burning  the  faggots,'  is  observed  in  many  inns  in 
Somerset.  Ashen  faggots  are  thrown  on  the  fire, 
and  as  soon  as  the  bands  have  burst  the  customers 
are  allowed  to  help  themselves  out  of  large  cans 
of  ale  produced  by  the  landlord/' 

HARRY  HEMS. 

NATHANAEL  TAUBMAN.  —  The  literary 
achievements  of  this  chaplain  R.N.  are 
duly  chronicled  in  the  'Diet.  Nat.  Biog.' 
iVhen  ashore  he  lived  in  the  parish  of  St. 
Margaret,  Westminster.  On  8  November, 
711,  Taubman,  having  in  view  "  the  par- 
.icular  perills  I  am  soon  to  be  exposed  to," 


io*s.  in.  FEB.  4.  INS.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


87 


made  his  will,  and  "having,"  as  he  says, 
"neither  wife  nor  children  of  my  owne," 
was  able  to  leave  liberal  bequests  to  his  five 
sisters — Jane,  Abigail,  and  Mary  Taubman, 
of  the  city  of  Dublin,  spinsters  ;  Elizabeth 
Cumberford,  also  of  Dublin ;  and  Eleanor 
Warren,  residing  near  that  city.  An  uncle, 
Thomas  Taubman,  of  St.  Martin's-in-the- 
Fields,  woodmonger,  is  likewise  mentioned. 
The  will  was  proved  on  12  March,  1723/4 
(P.C.C.  71,  Bolton).  GORDON  GOODWIN. 

"LARCIN":  BEVAN.— A  much  later  use  of 
larcin  than  any  given  in  the  '  X.E.D.'  list  of 
quotations  is  to  be  found  in  a  poem  entitled 
'  Christmas,' which  is  set  out  in  a  foot-note  to 
Letter  iv.  of  the  '  Parochial  Letters  from  a 
Beneficed  Clergyman  to  his  Curate,'  pub- 
lished in  1829.  The  line  runs  :— 

Committed  on  the  long  "  half  year  "  a  larcin, 
the  latter  word  riming  with  "  parsing,"  and 
so  showing  that  the  final  g  was  not  sounded. 
The  poem,  which  runs  to  some  200  lines, 
abounds  in  points,  as  do  the  letters.  I  am 
afraid  the  author  is  one  of  those  "  whose 
memorials  have  perished  with  him,"  or  almost 
so.  A  pencil  note  states  him  to  be  the  Rev. 
—  Be  van,  of  Worcester  College.  The  letters 
show  him  to  have  been  earnest  and  practical : 
the  poem,  clever  and  jovial.  Perhaps  some 
kindly  pen  will  be  able  to  give  him  an 
enduring  niche  in  the  pages  of  '  X.  &  Q.,'  as 
he  seems  to  have  missed  a  place  among  those 
honoured  in  our  'Diet,  of  Nat.  Biog.' 

HOLCOMBE  INGLEBY. 
Sedgeford  Hall,  Norfolk. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  sent  to  them 
direct. 

ENGLISHMEN  HOLDING  POSITIONS  UNDER 
FOREIGN  GOVERNMENTS. — Can  any  readers 
oblige  me  with  the  names  of  Englishmen 
who  are  occupying  important  positions  under 
foreign  Governments,  or  have  occupied  them 
in  the  past?  Examples  which  occur  to  me  are 
Kaid  Maclean,  at  present,  and  Sir  John  Acton, 
who  was  Prime  Minister  at  Naples  at  the  end 
of  the  eighteenth  century.  R.  DE  C. 

["  Chinese  "  Gordon  is  a  notable  instance.] 

ETON  LISTS  :  MR.  CLAYTON'S  COLLECTION. 
— Among  the  late  Mr.  Chetwynd-Stapylton's 
papers  is  a  letter  from  Lord  Monson,  written 
in  1861,  in  the  course  of  which  occurs  the 
following  passage : — 


"  I  have  had  a  letter  from  Mr.  Lambert  Larking, 
the  antiquary  of  Kent,  and  he  tells  me  of  Mr. 
Clayton  having  the  largest  and  oldest  collection  of 

Eton  Lists  he  ever  saw Mr.  Clayton's  collection 

contains  a  Montem  List  about  1743." 
Can  any  reader  tell  me  anything  about  this 
Mr.  Clayton,  or  where  his  collection  now  is  ? 
R.  A.  AUSTEN  LEIGH. 

8,  St.  James's  Street,  S.W. 

STRAHAN,  PUBLISHER.— Who  carries  on  the 
business  of  Alexander  or  Alfred  Strahan,  who 
was  a  publisher  in  London  in  the  seventies  1 
I  want  to  get  particulars  of  a  book  he  issued 
about  1875.  W.  J.  JOHNSTON. 

[Alexander  Strahan's  books  are  now  divided 
among  Messrs.  Isbister,  Messrs.  Sonnenschein,  and 
Messrs.  Kegan  Paul.] 

"HARPIST." — This  is  a  vile  word,  the  earliest 
example  of  which,  according  to  the  'H.E.D.,' 
is  1613-16,  W.  Browne,  *  Brit.  Past.,'  ii.  v.  :— 
That  Oeagrian  harpist,  for  whose  lay, 
Tigers  with  hunger  pinde  and  left  their  pray. 

The  Guardian  (24  September,  1890)  is  also 
cited  for  "  Mr.  John  Thomas,  harpist  to  the 
Queen."  The  'D.N.B.'  has  not  escaped  the 
word.  Was  the  older  form  "harper,"  which 
has  furnished  a  number  of  people  with  a 
pleasant  surname,  not  fine  enough  or  too 
old-fashioned?  A.  R,  BAYLEY. 

HOUR  OF  SUNSET  AT  WASHINGTON.  —  At 
what  time  does  the  sun  set  on  15  December 
at  Washington  ?  E.  N.  F.  C. 

LAUREL  CROWNS  AT  OLYMPIA.  —  Is  there 
any  authority  for  the  common  statement 
that  the  crowns  of  the  Olympian  victors  were 
formed  from  the  Alexandrian  laurel  Danae 
(or  fiuscus)  racemosa  ? 

H.  N.  ELLACOMBE. 

"  THE  HUNGRY  FORTIES." — This  phrase  has 
been  repeatedly  used  by  Mr.  Chamberlain, 
and  now  appears  frequently  in  political 
leading  articles.  When  and  where  was  it 
used  first  ?  C.  B.  A. 

HALLS  OF  THE  CITY  COMPANIES.— Are  there 
many  of  these  halls  in  existence  that  are  not 
used  by  their  respective  companies?  I  believe 
that  the  Pewterers'  Hall  is  let  to  a  firm  of 
hatters,  but  I  am  desirous  of  knowing 
whether  others  are  used  for  similar  purposes. 

A.  F.  H. 

COPE  OF  BRAMSHILL. — How  did  the  Copes 
of  Bramshill  get  the  baronetcy  ? 

THOMAS  BROWNAVELL. 

[We  presume  that  the  pedigree  given  in  Burke 
represents  the  received  view  of  the  descent.] 

JAMES  AND  JANE  HOGARTH.  —  I  have 
amongst  my  collection  of  memorial  rings  one 


83 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  HI.  FEB.  4, 1905. 


with  a  large  oval  head  surrounded  by  small 
garnets  and  containing  a  plait  of  brown  hair; 
it  is  engraved  inside  "In  memory  of  James 
and  Jane  Hogarth."  I  should  be  much 
obliged  for  any  information  on  the  identity 
of  these  Hogarths.  FEED.  A.  CRISP. 

KINGSLEY  QUOTATION.— In  which  of  Kings- 
ley's  novels  does  the  following  quotation 
occur  ? — 

"There  is  no  because  in  anything.  We  all  are 
constituted  differently,  and  therefore  see  things,  as 
it  were,  through  different-coloured  spectacles." 

AMY  SAMUEL. 

ROPER. — I  am  trying  to  trace  the  ancestry 
of  John  Henry  Roper,  who  was  a  subscriber 
and  member  of  "  Lloyd's  "  from  1837  to  1845. 
He  is  supposed  to  be  the  youngest  son  of 
Noah  Roper,  of  Hough-on- the-Hill,  Lincoln- 
shire, but  there  is  no  mention  of  any  one  of 
this  surname  in  the  registers  there.  He 
married  Harriot  Seagood. 

LEOPOLD  A.  VIDLER. 

The  Stone  House,  Rye. 

SOTHERN 's  LONDON  RESIDENCE. — A  perusal 
of  the  list  of  houses  (10th  S.  ii.  425)  to  the 
fronts  of  which  tablets  have  been  affixed  at 
the  instance  of  the  Duke  of  Bedford,  which 
includes  one  upon  27,  Southampton  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  to  David  Garrick,  prompts 
me  to  register  a  regret  that  no  medallion, 
either  Society  of  Arts,  London  County 
Council,  or  private,  has  ever  marked  the 
spot  where  Edward  Askew  Sothern, creator 
of  the  inimitable  Lord  Dundreary,  lived  for 
a  time  and  died.  The  'D.N.B.'  chronicles 
that  he  passed  away  in  a  house  "in  Vere 
Street,  Cavendish  Square."  But  did  not  this 
famous  actor  in  reality  occupy  rooms  at 
332,  Oxford  Street,  over  a  branch  of  the 
Sun  Office  ?  This,  at  any  rate,  has  always 
been  pointed  out  to  me  as  the  actual  place 
where  his  decease  occurred  on  21  January, 
1881.  Is  it  too  late  to  hope  for  the  com- 
memorative plaque  in  this  case  also  ? 

CECIL  CLARKE. 

[Sothern  lived  for  some  years  in  Wright's  Lane, 
Hampstead,  in  a  house  with  other  theatrical  and 
musical  associations.] 

'  SUFFOLK  MERCURY.'  (See  2n(1  S.  x.  238.)— 
Will  MR.  C.  GOLDING,  of  Paddington,  or  heirs, 
allow  his  copies  of  the  Suffolk  Mercury  or 
St.  Edmund's  Bury  Post,  1717  - 1731,  to  be 
inspected  by  me  1  HERBERT  NORRIS. 

16,  Cambridge  Road,  Battersea  Park. 

FADED  HANDWRITING.— Many  years  ago  I 
asked  the  readers  of  *  X.  &  Q.'  if  any  one 
knew  the  means  of  reviving  the  ink  of  the 
handwriting  in  old  manuscripts,  and  I  ob- 


tained a  very  prompt  and  useful  reply,  sug- 
gesting a  formula  with  some  tanin  mixture. 
This  I  have  since  lost.  Would  any  one  be 
kind  enough  again  to  indicate  it? 

THE  O'NEILL. 

59,  Rua  das  Flores,  Lisbon. 

[Recipes  for  reviving  faded  handwriting  will  be 
found  at  6th  S.  v.  249,  355  ;  vi.  71,  91.] 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED. — 

1.  Heu  :  vitam  perdidi,  operose  nihil  agendo. 

2.  If  pathos  be  a  sense  of  loss,  a  deep  longing, 
mingled  with  melancholy. 

3.  Che  par  sorriso,  ed  e  dolore. 

4.  Of  what  great  contemporary  was  it  said,  "he 
was    always    beating    about    the    bush    without 
starting    the    hare"?     Quoted    in    'Studies  of   a 
Biographer,'  I  believe. 

5.  Velut  inter  ignes,  Luna  minores.    Which  may 
have  suggested  Wotton's  "  Ye  meaner  beauties  of 
the  night." 

6.  If  I  forget, 

The  salt  creek  may  forget  the  ocean. 
In  Hardy's  '  Woodlanders.' 

W.  L.   POOLE. 
Montevideo. 
[5.  "Velut,  "&c.,  is  from  Horace,  'Odes,'  I.  xii. 

*7.J 

KENNINGTON.  —  VVill  some  student  of  old 
Kennington  and  its  immediate  vicinity  kindly 
send  me  privately  a  resume  of  the  literary 
and  other  worthies  who  lived  in  or  were  asso- 
ciated with  that  part  of  Southern  London  1 
M.  L.  R.  BRESLAR. 

Percy  House,  South  Hackney. 

REV.  RANDOLPH  MARRIOTT.  —  He  married 
Diana  Feilding,  a  daughter  of  George  Feilding 
(son  of  Basil,  fourth  Earl  of  Denbigh).  Who 
was  he  —  when  and  where  born,  baptized, 
married,  died,  and  buried  1  Does  any  por- 
trait of  him  exist,  and  where  1  C.  MASON. 

29,  Emperor's  Gate,  S.W. 

"AND  THOU,  BLEST  STAR." — The  following 
lines  evidently  refer  to  William  Pitt ;  but 
who  was  their  author  ? — 
And  thou,  blest  star  of  Europe's  darkest  hour, 
Whose  words   are    wisdom,  and    whose    counsels 

power, 

Whom  earth  applauded  through  her  peopled  shores 
(Alas  !  whom  earth,  too  early  lost,  deplores), 
Young  without  follies,  without  rashness  bold, 
And  greatly  poor  amidst  a  nation's  gold. 

W.  T.  L. 

"SNOWTE":  WEIR  AND  FISHERY.— The  in- 
habitants of  the  seaside  parishes  of  Seasalter 
and  Whitstable,  in  Kent,  in  their  wills 
(proved  in  the  Archdeacon's  Court  at  Canter- 
bury) mention  both  weirs  and  fisheries.  As 
to  the  weir  (gurges\  it  was  probably  con- 
structed on  the  shore  or  banks  left  dry  at 
low  water.  The  chief  place  for  the  weirs  on 


ioos.m.FEB.4,1905.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


89 


the  Seasalter  shore  was  the  Snowte,  belong 
ing  to  Favershara  Abbey,  which  grante 
leases  for  weirs  at  the  Snowte.  What  is  th 
origin  or  meaning  of  this  word  "Snowte"? 

For  a  fishery  the  word  used  is  voraguie  (o 
should  it  be  read  voragine  ?).  Sometimes  sue" 
are  ordered  to  be  sold.    Does  this  word  mean 
a  fishing- boat  with  all  the  fishing  gear,  or 
place  to  fish  off  a  certain  part  of  the  shor 
with  licence  from  the  lord  of  the  manor  ? 

Nets  for  "molletts"  (mullets)  and  sag-net 
are  mentioned  once  in  these  wills. 

ARTHUR  HDSSEY. 

Tankerton-on-Sea,  Ken*. 

TORPEDOES,     SUBMARINES,     AND    RIFLEE 
CANNON. — A  hundred  years  ago  Britain  wa 
daily   expecting   the  armada   of   Napoleon 
Were   the    above    weapons   really  imaginec 
by  that  demonic  genius  ?  or  are  tlie  following 
lines    one  of    the    many    instances   of    th 
piercing  insight  of  the  poet  t — 

He  has  shown  off  his  tricks  in  France,  Italy,  Spain 
And  Germany,  too,  knows  his  legerdemain  ; 
So,  hearing  John  Bull  has  a  taste  for  strange  sights 
He  is  coming  to  London  to  put  us  to  rights. 

To  encourage  his  puppets  to  venture  this  trip, 
He  has  built  them  such  boats  as  can  conquer  a  ship 
With  a  gun  of  good  metal  that  shoots  out  so  far, 
It  can  silence  the  broadsides  of  three  men-of-war. 

This  new  Katterfelto,  his  show  to  complete, 
Means  his  boats  should  all  sink  as  they  pass  by  our 

fleet  ; 
Then,  as  under  the  ocean  their  course  they  steer 

right  on, 
They   can    pepper  their  foes  from  the  bed  of  old 

Triton. 

If  this  project  should  fail,  he  has  others  in  store — 
Wooden  horses,  for  instance,  may  bring  them  safe 

o'er, 

Or  the  Genius  of  France,  as  the  Moniteur  tells, 
May  order  balloons  or  provide  diving-bells. 

The  verses  are  from  Henry  Kirke  White's 
'  Poetical  Works  '  (London,  Pickering,  1840), 
p.  221,  'The  Wonderful  Juggler.' 

The  poet  treats  the  armada  with  derisive 
and  patriotic  scorn,  and  "  vante  sa  patrie,"  as 
all  good  poets  should  ;  but  there  are  indica- 
tions in  every  line  that  he  appreciated  the 
magnitude  of  Napoleon  in  1804  : — 
This  juggler  is  little  and  ugly  and  black  ; 
Like  Atlas,  he  stalks  with  the  world  on  his  back. 

Kirke  White  should  be  better  known.  He 
is  the  author  of  one  of  the  most  powerful 
hymns  in  the  language,  '  The  Star  of  Beth- 
lehem.' Perhaps  this  reminder  may  induce 
some  of  your  readers  to  look  him  up. 

T.  B.  WILMSHURST. 

Molyneux  Park,  Tunbridge  Wells. 

BAPTIST  CONFESSION  OF  FAITH,  1660.— I 
shall  feel  obliged  if  any  of  your  correspon- 


dents can  supply  me  with  the  full  text  of 
the  above  ancient  and  interesting  document 
presented  to  Charles  II.,  or  say  in  what 
works  and  libraries  it  may  be  found  ;  and  also 
if  the  original  now  exists,  and  where  it  can 
be  seen.  B.  BRADLEY. 

4,  Maywood  Avenue,  Fishponds,  Bristol. 


."—  The  Rev.  W.  B.  Gregg  was 
lately  inducted  to  Riseley  Vicarage,  Beds, 
amongst  those  present  on  the  occasion  being 
Lord  St.  John  (patron  of  the  living  and 
^lian).  My  authority  is  The  Beds  Standard 
of  10  June,  1904.  I  have  been  puzzling  my 
brains  as  to  the  meaning  of  JElian.  Can 
any  one  tell  me  ?  M.A.OxoN. 

FIREARMS  IN  THE  SEVENTEENTH  CENTURY. 
—  Can  anything  be  gathered  as  to  the  social 
standing  'or  wealth  of  a  yeoman  in  the 
seventeenth  century  from  his  possession  of 
firearms  1  E.  S.  R 

"  ABRAHAM  NEWLAND,  LONDON."  —  This 
name  and  place  are  engraved  on  the  inside 
part  of  a  watch.  Is  this  watchmaker  known  ? 
Was  he  any  relation  of  the  person  of  the 
same  name  whose  signature  used  to  appear 
on  Bank  of  England  notes  ?  To  quote  an  old 
song  :— 

Sham  Abraham  you  may, 
But  you  must  not  sham  Abraham  Newland. 

W.  H.  PATTERSON. 
Belfast. 

'  THE  PHENIX,'  1707.—  Can  any  one  tell  me 
f  "  The  Phenix  |  or,  a  [  Revival  |  of  |  Scarce 
and  Valuable  Pieces  |  London  M.DCC.YII."  is 
;o  be  relied  on  for  its  historical  facts  ?  I  find 
n  it  the  following,  under  Sir  Philip  Sydney, 
which  seems  to  be  wrong  somewhere  :  — 

"  He  marry'd  the  Daughter  and  sole  Heir  of  Sir 
Brands  Walsinyham,  then  Secretary  of  State  ;  a 
Jady  destinated  to  the  Bed  of  Honour,  who  (after 
iis  deplorable  Death  at  Zutphen  in  the  Netherlands, 
vhere  he  was  Governour  of  Flushing,  and  at  the 
ime  of  his  Uncle's  being  there)  was  marry'd  to  my 
^ord  of  Essex,  and  since  his  death  to  my  Lord  of 
yt.  Albans,  all  persons  of  the  Sword,"  &c. 

W.  H.  M.-G. 

VERSE  ON  A  COOK.—  Will  any  of  your 
saders  inform  me  where  I  can  find  these 
nes?  — 

That  cook  (I  could  scold  her) 

Grows  worse  as  she's  older; 

I  wonder  who  told  her 

That  woodcocks  were  drawn. 

Are  they  by  any  well-known  author  ? 

J.  C.  S. 

GLADSTONE    AS    PLAYWRIGHT.  —  In    The 
fanchester  Courier  of  20  April,  1901,  under 
heading   'A  Play  by  Kipling,'  occurred 


90 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [10th  s.  in.  FEB.  4, 1905. 


the  following  statement,  which  I  should  much 
like  verified  :  "  There  is  no  reason  why  Mr. 
Kipling  should  not  perpetrate  a  play,  for  we 
are  all  playwrights  now,  even  Mr.  Gladstone 
having  been  guilty  of  writing  a  blank-verse 
tragedy." 

How  far  is  this  true  1  Verses,  original  and 
translated,  Mr.  Gladstone  did  write;  but  it  is 
news  to  me  that  he  ever  ventured  into  the 
devious  paths  of  a  playwright. 

J.  B.  McGovERN. 

St.  Stephen's  Rectory,  C.-on-M.,  Manchester. 

PATENTS  OF  PRECEDENCE. — Would  a  patent 
of  precedence  have  been  granted  as  early  as 
circa  1660  to  the  sisters  of  a  Scottish  noble- 
man whose  father  had  died  vitapatris  ?  and, 
if  so,  where  would  it  be  recorded? 

K.  BARCLAY-ALLARDICE. 

Lostwithiel,  Cornwall. 


HORSESHOES   FOR   LUCK. 

(10th  S.  iii.  9.) 

ASSUMING  that  "luck"  in  the  uneducated 
mind  consists  ultimately  in  the  absence  or 
prevention  of  maleficent  influences,  then  the 
horseshoe,  whether  worn  or  fixed,  takes  its 
place  as  a  potent  protector  against  those 
evils,  and  so  as  a  promoter  of  the  good 
fortune  called  "luck."  I  have  contended 
elsewhere  that  the  horseshoe  is  the  crescent, 
the  symbol  of  the  moon  in  all  countries, 
ancient  and  modern.  She  represents  in  all 
ages  the  Universal  Mother,  whether  known 
as  Ashtoreth,  Aphrodite,  Esetat-Jedhri,  Isis, 
Parvati,  Diana,  or  Madonna.  She  is  there- 
fore the  great  protector  of  all  her  children, 
and  her  symbol  is  used,  as  perhaps  the  most 
potent  amulet,  to  counteract  malevolence  by 
all  people. 

Our  English  horseshoe  is,  of  course,  a  highly 
conventionalized  crescent,  but  the  Turkish 
is  identical  in  pattern  with  that  on  the 
standard.  Whether  the  shoe  should  be  sus- 
pended with  the  toe  or  heel  upwards  is 
rather  a  matter  of  local  and  personal  opinion, 
though  it  is  much  more  usual  to  see  the  toe 
upwards,  probably  because  it  is  so  much 
easier  affixed  or  hung  up.  The  position  ol 
the  amulet  would  not  seem  to  be  material, 
considering  that  the  crescent  appears  some- 
times "horns  up,"  sometimes  "horns  down,' 
but  more  commonly  with  one  horn  up  anc 
the  other  down.  We  hear  it  often  remarked 
"  Horns  up  for  fine  weather  " ;  and  the  follow- 
ing seems  to  point  to  the  belief  that  a  shoe 
fastened  in  that  position  has  the  most  power 


"July  24,  1895.—'  I  know'd  a  farmer  not  very  var 
icrevrom,  and  he  had  terblebad  luck  wi' his  stock. 
:Ie  know'd  they  must  be  overlooked.  Well,  a 
neighbour  told'n  he  couldn'  expect  no  other,  so 
ong  as  he  did  keep  th'  oss  shoe  wrong  zide  up. 
Nif  he  did  mind  to  save  his  beast,  he  must  put  n 
upright,  wi'  the  heels  o'  un  up-on-end.  Well,  zo  he 
took  and  turned  th'  osa  shoe  tother  way,  and  he 
ever  hadn'  a-got  no  bad  luck  arterwards.' " 

F.  T.  ELWORTHY. 

MR.  PAGE  has  opened  an  intensely  interest- 
ing subject,  but  one  which  ramifies  so  widely 
as  to  need  a  book  rather  than  a  short  reply 
For  its  full  treatment.  The  brief  answer  to 
his  question  is  that  both  ways  are  "  the  right 
way  "  to  hang  a  horseshoe  on  a  door.  Each 
man  must  decide  for  himself,  according  to 
his  idea  of  the  derivation  of  the  use  and 
the  particular  symbolism  he  attaches  to  it. 
Gipsies  hang  the  shoe  with  its  points  (the 
heel)  upward,  in  cup -form,  "to  catch  the 
good  luck,"  but  grooms  generally  hang  it  toe 
upward,  in  roof-form,  to  ward  off  bad  luck. 
Christians  who  take  the  symbol  to  mean 
imply  omega,  and  a  reminder  of  Him  who 
aia,  "I  am  Alpha  and  Omega,"  will,  of 
course,  hang  it  toe  upward ;  and  so  will 
those  students  of  the  ancient  wisdom  who 
tell  us  that  the  lucky  horseshoe  and  the 
omega  in  the  above  quotation  are  both  re- 
minders of  the  crux  ansata  which  was  placed 
in  the  right  hand  of  an  initiate.  Those  who 
hold  that  the  luck  attaching  to  the  shoe  is  a 
reminder  of  the  time  when  it  used  to  repre- 
sent the  crescent  moon  of  Isis  will  place  it 
gipsy  fashion,  with  the  heel  upward.  Some 
who  are  curious  in  these  matters  say  that 
the  arrangement  with  the  heel  upward  is 
right  for  the  votaries  of  a  feminine  deity  ; 
while  the  roof  fashion,  or  toe  upward,  or 
omega- wise,  belongs  to  votaries  of  a  mascu- 
line deity.  The  former  is  an  invocation  of 
the  moon-god,  while  the  latter  invokes  the 
sun-god.  One  is  correct  for  worshippers  of 
Isis,  and  for  Roman  Catholic  Christians,  who 
assign  the  blue  robe  and  the  crescent  moon 
of  Isis  to  the  Virgin  Mary ;  while  the  omega 
form  must  be  used  by  Protestant  Christians, 
who  object  to  invocations  of  the  Virgin. 

The  statement  that  the  luck  of  the  horse- 
shoe dates  from  the  time  when  iron  was  a 
sacred  metal  (was  there  ever  such  a  time  ?) 
has  often  been  made  ;  and  to  those  who  hold 
this  view  the  position  must  be  quite  indif- 
ferent. So  it  should  be  to  those  who  tell  us 
that  the  original  lucky  objects  were  not 
horseshoes  at  all,  but  metallic  rings,  broken 
from  the  heads  of  mediaeval  figures  of  saints, 
where  they  had  been  worn  in  nimbus  form. 

The  suggestion  that  the  shoe  represents 
old-time  horns  of  honour,  or  horns  of  iron, 


10*  8.  IIL  FEB.  4, 1903.]  NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


91 


or  horns  of  the  altar,  implies  that  it  should 
be  hung  heel  upward  ;  while  if  we  consider 
it  as  the  horns  of  Eblis  it  takes  the  same 
position,  but  is  then  "black  magic,"  an  in- 
vocation of  a  Prince  of  Evil. 

One  might  pursue  the  subject  much  fur- 
ther, and  show  that  the  omega  is  a  feminine 
sign  in  the  deeper  mysteries  ;  and  one  might 
wander  into  some  of  the  modern  guesses, 
such  as  that  which  connects  the  sign  of  the 
horseshoe  with  the  rainbow  and  the  covenant 
made  with  Noah  ;  but  one  must  consider  the 
space  of  '  N.  &  Q.,J  and  perhaps  enough  has 
been  given  to  show  that  either  way  of  hanging 
the  shoe  may  be  correct. 

H.  SNOWDEN  WARD. 

Hadlow,  Kent. 

A  horseshoe  should  always  be  hung  with  the 
ends  pointing  upwards,  in  order  to  represent 
a  pair  of  horns— horns  being  the  universally 
recognized  counter-charm  to  the  evil  eye, 
and  therefore  to  witchcraft  in  general.  A 
less  scientific  reason  is  that  if  the  ends  hang 
downwards  all  the  good  luck  will  run  out 
from  them,  as  fluid  from  an  inverted  cup. 
R.  E.  FRANCILLON. 

Though  one  usually  sees  them  nailed  on 
doors,  &c.,  in  country  places,  with  calks  up- 
wards, this  seems  to  be  wrong.  Mr.  "Worth- 
ington  Smith,  in  his  '  Dunstable  '(1904),  says  : 
"In  old  times  tha  horseshoe,  when  used  for 
good  luck,  was  invariably  represented  with 
ends  upwards,  like  a  cup." 

I.  CHALKLEY  GOULD. 

I  have  often  heard  my  mother,  a  native  of 
Shropshire,  say  that  the  correct  way  to  hang 
up  a  horseshoe  is  with  the  front  downwards, 
so  that  the  luck  may  not  run  out. 

I  have  also  heard  her  say  that  when  a 
horseshoe  is  picked  up  in  the  road  with  the 
front  nearest  the  finder  luck  is  on  its  way, 
and  vice  versd.  E.  SMITH. 

Blundellsands. 

Horseshoes  should  be  affixed  with  the  open 
part  downwards— to  keep  the  luck  in. 

REGINALD  HAIXES. 
Uppingham. 

These  should  be  put  heels  upward,  tnough 
it  is  easier  to  hang  them  the  other  way, 
and  I  cannot  doubt  that  they  are  .then 
equally  effective.  In  John  Aubrey's  'Remains 
of  Gentilisme'it  is  noted  (Folk-Lore  Society's 
edition,  p.  123):  "At  Mr.  Ashmole's  thres- 
hold the  hollow  of  the  horseshoe  pointeth 
into  the  house."  ST.  SWITHIN. 

I  have  understood  that  they  should  be 
suspended  or  nailed  back  upwards,  "so  as  to 
keep  the  luck  from  dropping  out." 


But  what  says  MR.  HEMS  1  After  a  visit 
I  paid  "Ye  Luckie  Horseshoe"  Studio  in  1883 
I  heard  an  interesting  explanation  of  the 
sign  that  would  make  me,  at  any  rate,  accept 
that  worthy  contributor's  ideas  on  the  subject 
as  pretty  conclusive.  W.  CURZON  YEO. 

Richmond,  Surrey. 

In  a  volume  I  possess,  containing  some 
200  pages,  closely  filled  with  manuscript  and 
chance  cuttings  upon  hippology,  there  are 
a  few — but  not  many — illustrations  of  old 
horseshoes  turned  the  wrong  way  up ;  also 
the  following,  although  I  cannot  say  from 
where  the  information  originally  came  :  — 

"Of  course,  lucky  as  it  is  to  have  a  horseshoe 
nailed  over  one's  door,  it  is  just  as  unlucky  to  fix  it 
upside  down,  i.e.,  with  the  points  upward.    A  cer- 
tain farmer  who  found  a  rusty  shoe  in  the  road, 
and  unwittingly  did  this,  fell  into  dire  adversity : — 
His  hens  declined  to  lay  their  eggs, 
His  bacon  tumbled  from  the  pegs, 
And  rats  devoured  the  fallen  legs  : 
His  corn,  that  never  failed  before, 
Mildewed  and  rotted  on  the  floor. 
His  grass  refused  to  end  in  hay, 
His  cattle  died,  or  went  astray — 
In  short,  all  moved  the  crooked  way. 
At  length,  when  the  unfortunate  man  was  almost 
ready  to  end  his  misery  by  suicide,  a  chance  stranger, 
who  happened  to  call,  espied  the  cause  of  his  ill 
luck,  and  cried  : — 

'  No  wonder  skies  upon  you  frown — 
You  've  nailed  the  horseshoe  upside  down  ! 
Just  turn  it  round,  and  you  will  see 
How  you  and  Fortune  will  agree.' 

The  farmer  turned  the  horseshoe  round, 
And  showers  began  to  swell  the  ground  : 
The  sunshine  laughed  amongst  his  grain, 
And  heaps  on  heaps  piled  up  the  wain. 

The  loft  his  hay  could  hardly  hold, 
The  cattle  did  as  they  were  told  ; 
His  fruit-trees  needed  sturdy  props 
To  hold  the  gathering  apple  crops. 

His  turnip  and  potato  fields 
Astonished  all  men  by  their  yields. 
Folks  never  saw  such  ears  of  corn 
As  on  his  smiling  hills  were  born. 
His  barns  were  full  of  bursting  bins, 
His  wife  presented  him  with  twins  ; 
His  neighbours  marvelled  more  and  more 
To  see  the  increase  of  his  store. 
And  now  the  merry  farmer  sings, 
'  There  are  two  ways  of  doing  things : 
And  when  for  good  luck  you  would  prajr 
Nail  up  your  horseshoe  the  right  way.' " 
My  own  old  horseshoe— many  times  noticed 
in  print— I  found  on   the  morning  I  first 
entered  Exeter  (4  December,  1866).    It  has 
been  nailed— of  course  the  right  way  up  ! — 
successively  in  front  of  the  three  residences 
I  have  had  since,  and  may  still  be  seen  in  situ. 
Further,  I  have  admittedly  been  a  very  lucky 
man.  HARRY  HEMS. 

Fair  Park,  Exeter. 


92 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  B.  m.  FEB.  *,  uo& 


HERALDIC  MOTTOES  (10th  S.  iii.  49).— Besides 
Elvin's/ Hand  book  of  Mottoes,'  1860,  and 
the  various  editions  of  Fairbairn's  '  Crests '  (a 
new  edition  of  which  has  just  been  published), 
also  the  list  given  at  the  end  of  Burke's 
'General  Armory,'  I  would  refer  your  cor- 
respondent to  the  following  : — 

'  A  Translation,  in  Verse,  of  the  Mottos  of  the 
English  Nobility  and  Sixteen  Peers  of  Scotland.' 
By  Amicus.  2  vols.  8vo,  London,  1822-5. 

Knight  and  Butler's  *  Crests  of  Great  Britain  and 
Ireland,'  &c.  Edited  by  Joseph  MaoLaren.  2  vols. 
8vo,  London,  1883. 

Washbourne's  '  Book  of  Family  Crests.'  2  vols. 
8vo,  London,  1882. 

English  mottoes  will  also  be  found  in  the 
following  foreign  works  : — 

'  Dictionnaire  des  Devises  historiques  et  herald- 
iques  avec  figures  et  une  table  alphabetique  des 
noms.'  By  A.  Chassant  and  Henri  Tausin.  3  vols. 
8vo,  Paris,  1878. 

'  Die  Wahl-  und  Denkspriiche,  Feldgeschreie, 
Losungen,  Schlacht  und  Volksrufe,  besonders  des 
Mittelalters  und  der  Neuzeit,  gesammelt,  alpha- 
betisch  geordnet  und  erlautert.'  By  J.  Dielitz. 
4to,  Frankfurt-a.-M.,  1888. 

'An  Alphabetical  List  of  English  Mottoes, 
as  they  occur  on  British  and  American  Book- 
Plates,'  was  compiled  in  1900  by  J.  F.  Verster, 
of  Amsterdam.  Reference  should  also  be 
made  to  the  list  of  works  treating  of  mottoes 
at  p.  65  in  Gatfield's  '  Guide  to  Printed  Books 
and  Manuscripts  relating  to  Heraldry,'  &c., 
8vo,  London,  1892. 

ARTHUR  VICARS,  Ulster. 

There  is  a 'Dictionary  of  Mottos'  in  'The 
Book  of  Family  Crests/  1856,  vol.  i.,  and  a 
list  of  the  mottoes  appertaining  to  the  City 
Companies  in  The  Penny  Post  of  1  March, 
1886.  Heraldic  mottoes,  with  explanatory 
illustrations,  will  be  found  in  Burke's 
'  Heraldic  Illustrations ' ;  also  in  Burke's 
'Vicissitudes  of  Families,'  'Rise  of  Great 
Families,'  '  Anecdotes  of  the  Aristocracy,' 
and  '  Romantic  Records  of  Families  ' ;  G.  L. 
Craik's  '  Romance  of  the  Peerage,"  and,  I 
think,  Walford's  'Tales  of  our  Great  Families': 
'  House  Mottoes  and  Inscriptions,  Old  and 
New,  drawn  from  many  Lands,'  by  S.  F.  A. 
Caulfield  ;  a  tract  on  '  Martial  Mottoes,'  by 
W.  H.  Longstaffe ;  '  The  Book  of  Public  Arms,' 
compiled  and  edited  by  Arthur  Charles  Fox- 
Davies  and  M.  E.  B.  Crookes;  Palliser's 
'Devices';  'The  Blazon  of  Episcopacy,'  by 
the  Rev.  W.  K.  Riland  Bedford  ;  Paradin's 
'Devices';  Pallavicini's 'Devices  and  Emblems/ 
and  many  similar  works. 

J.   HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

An  excellent  list  appeared  in  an  offshoot  of 
the  original  edition  of  Fairbairn's  'Book  of 
Crests/ entitled  "Book  of  Mottos  borne  by 


Nobility  and  Gentry,  Public  Companies, 
Cities,  &c.,  with  their  English  significations, 
bearers'  names,  titles,  &c.,  and  occasional  note* 
and  illustrations,  selected  from  '  The  Book 
of  Family  Crests '  and  other  sources,"  1851, 
crown  8vo.  Another  list  may  be  seen  at 
the  end  of  Chambers's  '  Twentieth-Century 
Dictionary.'  WM.  JAGOARD. 

Will  not  Messrs.  Routledge's  excellent 
little  work  on  '  Mottoes  and  Badges,'  which 
is  mentioned  with  praise  ante,  p.  40,  answer 
fully  or  in  part  the  requirements  of  C.  S.  ? 

H.  T. 

If  C.  S.  will  go  to  the  Reading-Room  at  the 
British  Museum  he  will  find  a  considerable 
number  of  books  having  lists  of  mottoes 
collated  under  the  head  of  '  Heraldry.' 

I  venture  to  say  that  a  comprehensive  book 
of  heraldic  mottoes  would  be  attractive  to  the 
public  at  the  present  time,  and  that  a  com- 
plete list  of  canting  or  punning  mottoes — 
such  as  "  Ver  non  semper  viret,"  for  Vernon  ; 
"Quitel,"for  Kettle;  and  "Festina  lente," 
for  Onslow  (I  quote  from  memory)— is  a 
desideratum.  LLEAVELYN  LLOYD. 

Blake  House,  Winslow. 

ISABELLINE  AS  A  COLOUR  (10th  S.    i.    487 ;  ii. 

75,  253,  375,  477,  537).— I  think  PROF.  SKEAT 
will  allow  that  a  sixteenth-century  English 
mercer  may  very  easily  have  transformed 
some  such  Italian  phrase  as  "  color  di  zibel- 
lino "  into  /sabella.  I  merely  gave  escarpin 
as  an  illustration  of  my  meaning  as  to  the 
prefix  because  I  could  not  think  of  any 
Italian  word  with  the  i  prefix  at  the  time, 
and  was  writing  in  the  country  away  from 
books  of  reference.  PROF.  SKEAT  fails  to  note 
my  proof  from  Littre  that  the  word  occurs 
in  England  a  good  many  years  before  it  does 
in  France,  and  therefore  may  very  con- 
ceivably be  of  English  origin.  He  also  does 
not  note  my  far  graver  slip  in  speaking  of 
the  summer  coat  of  the  same ;  it  should  of 
course  have  been  the  winter  coat.  Perhaps 
PROF.  SKEAT  will  now  kindly  tell  us  who  the 
fair  Isabella  was  who  was  the  sponsor  of 
the  colour  ;  or,  if  not,  what  the  origin  of  the 
name  really  is.  Was  the  sponsor  our  own 
Queen  Elizabeth  ?  H.  2. 

SOUTHEY'S  'OMNIANA/  1812  (10th  S.  ii.  305, 
410,  530).— At  the  last  reference  COL.  PRI- 
DEAUX  says: — 

"  My  authority  for  adding  the  names  of  Gale  & 
Curtis  was  contained,  to  the  best  of  my  recollec- 
tion, in  a  heap  of  memoranda  which  had  been 
collected  by  Mr.  Shepherd  in  view  of  a  revised 
edition  of  his  work,  and  which  were  temporarily 
placed  at  my  disposal." 


s.  in.  FEB.  4,  i90o.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Messrs.  Longman's  statement  that  they  paid 
the  printing  charges  and  that  there  is  nothing 
in  their  ledgers  to  show  that  they  took  over 
the  sheets  from  any  other  publisher  or  printer 
seems  very  conclusive.  If  COL.  PRIDEAUX 
requires  more  confirmation  he  may  find  it  in 
one  of  the  foot-notes  on  p.  xc  of  vol.  i.  of 
'  The  Poetical  and  Dramatic  Works  of  Samuel 
Taylor  Coleridge,'  ed.  1877  (of  which  Mr. 
Shepherd  was  the  editor),  where  the  work  is 
described:  "Omniana,  or  Horse  Otiosiores. 
London  :  Printed  for  Longman,  Hurst,  Rees, 
Orme  and  Brown,  Paternoster-row."  I  ab- 
stained from  discussing  the  subsidiary  points 
raised  in  COL.  PRIDEAUX'S  former  note,  for 
the  reason  that  they  have,  as  it  seems  to 
me,  no  bearing  on  the  question  at  issue, 
the  interesting  bibliographical  features  of 
'Omniana'  to  which  COL.  PRIDEAUX  calls 
attention  being,  one  and  all,  absolutely  con- 
sistent with  the  plain  conclusion  to  which 
the  facts,  so  far  as  they  can  be  ascertained, 
obviously  point,  viz.,  that  '  Omniana '  was 
printed  for  and  published  by  the  house 
of  Longman  only,  and  that  in  assigning 
a  share  in  the  transaction  to  Gale  &  Curtis 
"some  one  has  blundered."  Possibly  COL. 
PRIDEAUX  could  consult  once  more  the 
Shepherd  memoranda  with  the  view  of  dis- 
covering the  quarter  in  which  the  mistake 
originated.  The  question  really  resolves 
itself  into  a  balance  of  probabilities.  That 
the  Shepherd-Prideaux  Bibliography  of  Cole- 
ridge is  not  at  all  points  infallible  must,  I 
fear,  be  admitted.  This  being  so,  whether  of 
the  two  suppositions  is  the  likelier  :  that  we 
have  here  an  instance  of  the  fallibility  of  that 
work,  or  that  a  complicated  series  of  trans- 
actions, such  as  COL.  PRIDEAUX'S  theory 
postulates,  should  have  escaped  all  notice  in 
Southey's  voluminous  correspondence,  and 
remained  unrecorded  in  the  books  of  the 
firm  of  Longman  ?  I  have  no  hesitation  in 
arriving  at  my  own  conclusion,  which  is  not 
that  of  COL.  PRIDEAUX.  GRETA. 

CHILDREN  AT  EXECUTIONS  (10th  S.  ii.  346, 
454,  516;  iii.  33). — MR.  HIBGAME  could  not 
have  been  taken  to  witness  an  execution  in 
1869,  as  public  executions  were  abolished 
in  the  previous  year.  Hubbard  Lingley  was 
executed  on  26  August,  1867. 

EDWARD  M.  BORRAJO. 

The  Library  Guildhall,  E.G. 

LOUTHERBOURGH  (10th  S.  ii.  389).— Philippe 
Jacques  de  Loutherbourg's  'Romantic  and 
Picturesque  Scenery  of  England  and  Wales, 
1805,  does  not  contain  a  reproduction  of,  or 
reference  to,  the  Hampstead  Heath  views  in 
question.  But  possibly  the  originals  are  two 


landscapes  described  in  Bryan's  '  Dictipnary 
of  Painters  and  Engravers,'  1898,  as  being  in 
the  Bordeaux  Museum.  The  Glasgow  Gallery 
also  contains  some  of  his  works  executed 
while  in  England.  The  prices  which  some  of 
bis  pictures  realized  are  given  in  Adolphe 
Siret's  '  Dictionnaire  Historique  et  Raisonne 
des  Peintres,'  1833.  In  Lysons's  'Collectanea,' 
vol.  i.  p.  4,  is  the  following  handbill  :— 

"The  Breaking-up  and  Distribution  of  the  first 
Collection  of  Pictures  by  the  Artists  of  Great- 
Britain,  ever  formed  in  this  country.  The  Last 
and  only  Day  of  shewing  the  Poets'  Gallery,  or 
Purchasing  Tickets  for  a  Chance  of  any  part  of  that 
inimitable  Collection,  as  the  Lottery  begins  Draw- 
ing this  Day  and  will  be  determined  To-morrow. 

Those  Ladies  &  Gentlemen  who  have  already 

purchased  Tickets,  may  have  their  Prints  by  send- 
ing for  them.  To  those  that  have  not  seen  the 
Prints,  it  is  necessary  to  say  they  are  the  Size  of 
General  Wolf,  engraved  from  Pictures  painted  by 
P.  J.  de  Loutherbourg,  and  Mr.  J.  Laporte."— 
Poets'  Gallery,  11  February,  1779. 

J.   HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

FLYING  BRIDGE  (10th  S.  ii.  406,  491).— This 
kind  of  ferry  is  common  in  America.  There 
are  a  dozen  or  more  between  Pittsburg 
and  Oil  City,  on  the  Allegheny  river.  The 
first  is  at  Hulton,  twelve  miles  above  Pitts- 
burg.  There  is  a  wire  cable  stretched  across, 
high  above  the  river,  and  the  boat  is  attached 
to  this  by  a  wire  with  a  trolly.  This  is 
called  a  swing-ferry,  for  the  current  is  not 
strong  enough  to  make  the  boat  fly. 

O.  H.  DARLINGTON. 

Pittsburg. 

RUSKIN  AT  NEUCHATEL  (10th  S.  ii.  348,  512). 
— Like  MR.  COLES  I  venture  to  think  that 
MRS.  STEPHENSON  is  under  a  misapprehension 
regarding  Ruskin  and  Neuchatel.  This  place 
is  probably  confounded  with  Schaffhausen,  as 
MR.  COLE  suggests.  Or  was  MRS.  STEPHEN- 
SON  perhaps  thinking  of  a  passage  in  'Modern 
Painters,'  part  iv.  chap.  xvii.  sect.  13,  and 
by  some  curious  mental  process  transferring 
it  to  Neuchatel  ?  The  passage  runs  thus  :— 

"  The  first  thing  which  I  remember,  as  an  event 
in  life,  was  being  taken  by  my  nurse  to  the  brow  of 
Friars'  Crag  on  Derwentwater ;  the  intense  ]oyr 
mingled  with  awe,  that  I  had  in  looking  through 
the  mossy  roots,  over  the  crag,  into  the  dark  lake,, 
has  associated  itself  more  or  less  with  all  twining 
roots  of  trees  ever  since." 

Canon  Rawnsley,  '  Literary  Associations  of 
the  English  Lakes,'  vol.  i.  p.  148,  says  :  — 

"  One  calls  to  mind  that  it  was  at  the  '  Crag  of 
the  Friars'  that  John  Ruskin  received  one  of  those 
impulses  to  care  for  the  close  study  of  natural  form 
that  made  him  what  he  was." 
And  at  p.  150  : — 

"That  early  impression  of  the  wonder  of  Friars' 
Crag  on  Ruskin's  boy-mind  was  not  effaced  by  all 


94 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  m.  FEB.  «,  IMS, 


the  glorious  landscape  which  he  studied  and  loved 
in  other  parts  of  England,  or  on  the  Continent. 
Speaking  to  a  friend  a  few  years  ago  Raskin  said, 
'  The  scene  from  Friars'  Crag  is  one  of  the  three  or 
four  most  beautiful  views  in  Europe.' " 

The  view  from  Schaffhausen  was  evidently 
"  one  of  the  three  or  four  most  beautiful 
views  in  Europe";  which  were  the  others'? 
But  whichever  or  wherever  they  may  be,  it 
was  incontrovertibly  at  Friars'  Crag  that 
Ruskin  received  his  first  revelation  of  the 
glories  of  nature.  J.  B.  McGovERN. 

St.  Stephen's  Rectory,  C.-on-M.,  Manchester. 

BEN  JONSON  AND  BACON  (10th  S.  ii.  469 ;  iii. 
35).— Those  interested  in  the  relations  between 
Jonson  and  Bacon  should  read  a  singularly 
little-known  work  entitled  '  The  Tale  of  the 
Shakespeare  Epitaph,  by  Francis  Bacon 
(Baron  Verulam  and  Viscount  St.  Albans).' 
The  only  edition  I  know  is  one  published  by 
Belford  Clarke  &  Co.,  in  Chicago  and  New 
York,  in  1888.  EDWARD  HERON- ALLEN. 

Although  there  is  no  evidence  that  Jonson 
was  Bacon's  secretary,  in  his  '  Baconiana ' 
Archbishop  Tenison  writes  regarding  the 
'Essays'  of  Bacon  : — 

"  The  Latine  translation  of  them  was  a  work 
performed  by  divers  hands ;  by  those  of  Dr.  Hacket 
{late  Bishop  of  Lichfield),  Mr.  Benjamin  Johnson 
•(the  learned  and  judicious  Poet),  and  some  others, 
whose  names  I  once  heard  from  Dr.  Rawley,  but  I 
cannot  now  recal  them." 

This  Dr.  Rawley  was  Bacon's  chaplain. 

GEORGE  STRONACH. 

"DOGMATISM  is  PUPPYISM  FULL  GROWN" 
•(10th  S.  iii.  5).— This  mot  "has  been  assigned 
to  Douglas  Jerrold  "  with  perfect  justice,  and 
may  be  found  on  p.  28  of  'The  Wit  and 
Opinions  of  Douglas  Jerrold.'  The  sentence, 
which  properly  runs  "  Dogmatism  is  puppy- 
ism come  to  its  full  growth,"  originally  occurs 
in  one  of  his  plays,  which  one  I  cannot  recall 
at  the  moment;  when  I  can  I  will  supple- 
ment this  information.  WALTER  JERROLD. 

Hatnpton-on-Thames. 

HERALDIC  (10th  S.  ii.  408 ;  iii.  33).— I  notice 
that  MR.  WATSON  gives  "crawe"  as  a  variant 
of  "crab."  Is  this  so?  Is  it  not  equivalent 
to  "crow"?  A  crow  in  the  dialect  of  the 
North  of  England  is  "  a  craw."  R.  B— R. 

South  Shields. 

'THE  NORTHAMPTON  MERCURY'  (10th  S.  iii. 
5).— The  cutting  from  the  Daily  Mail  sent 
by  MR.  J.  T.  PAGE  is  incorrect.  Robert  Raikes 
the  philanthropist  was  born  14  September, 
1735  ;  the  reference  is  probably  to  his  father, 
also  Robert  Raikes,  who  founded  The  Glou- 
.cesttr  Journal  in  1722. 


Robert  Raikes  the  younger  succeeded  to 
the  printing  business  at  the  death  of  his 
father,  which  took  place  7  September,  1757. 
R.  L.  MORETON. 

Greenford,  Middlesex. 

COUNT  A.  DE  PANIGNANO  :  HOLLOWAY 
(10th  S.  iii.  8). — There  can  be  no  question  as 
to  the  purchaser  of  the  autographs  sold  by 
Puttick  &  Simpson  in  December,  1853.  The 
lot  mentioned  by  MR.  MASON  (No.  94)  was 
bought  by  my  old  friend  Marseille  Middleton 
Holloway,  a  well-known  printseller,  then 
living  at  No.  14,  Henrietta  Street,  Covent 
Garden ;  but  what  became  of  these  MSS.  I 
know  not.  The  only  thing  I  can  now  suggest 
is  that  they  passed  into  the  hands  of  Mr. 
John  Benjamin  Heath,  a  staunch  friend  and 
patron  of  young  Holloway,  who  has  now  been 
for  some  years  dead.  He  retired  from  affairs, 
leaving  an  only  son,  who  carried  on  his 
father's  business  at  Bedford  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  but  did  not  long  survive  him. 

FRED.  NORGATE. 

MR.  MASON  may  find  some  information  re 
the  first  of  these  personages  in  Mr.  Puttick's 
MS.  list  of  sales  in  the  British  Museum 
(Newspaper  Room).  The  name  may  have 
been  an  imaginary  one  to  conceal  the  identity 
of  the  real  owner.  Holloway  was  an  auto- 
graph dealer ;  the  firm  was  at  one  time 
Holloway  &  Sons.  I  once  possessed  a  copy 
of  one  of  their  excellent  catalogues,  but  find 
that  I  cut  out  such  entries  as  interested  me 
and  threw  the  remainder  away.  There  may 
possibly  be  copies  in  the  B.M. 

W.  ROBERTS. 

DUELLING  (10th  S.  iii.  49).— 'The  British 
Code  of  Duel,'  1824,  is  perhaps  the  book 
referred  to  in  the  second  edition  of  'Duelling 
and  the  Laws  of  Honour,'  by  J.  C.  Bluett, 
p.  ix,  where  the  author  is  said  to  be  Joseph 
Hamilton,  Esq.  Although  the  second  edition 
of  Bluett's  book  bears  the  date  1836  on  the 
title-page,  it  cannot  have  been  published 
before  the  year  1840.  W.  S. 

BACON  OR  USHER?  (10th  S.  ii.  407,  471.)— 
Farnaby  was  not  the  only  contemporary  who 
attributed  to  Bacon  the  verses  beginning 
"  The  world  's  a  bubble."  A  copy  of  the  lines 
was  found  among  Sir  Henry  Wotton's  papers 
with  the  name  "  Francis,  Lord  Bacon,"  at  the 
bottom  (see  'Reliquiae  Wottonianre,'  p.  513). 
Wotton,  it  may  be  recollected,  was  an  inti- 
mate friend  of  Bacon,  whose  epitaph  he  wrote 
on  the  monument  at  St.  Albans. 

Another  credible  witness  is  Joshua  Sylves- 
ter, whose 'Pauthea' was  published  in  1630, 
about  three  years  after  Bacon's  death.  The 


s.  in.  FEB.  4, 1905.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


95 


title- page  reads  "Panthea  :  or  Divine  Wishes 

and  Meditations Revised  by  J.  M.,  Master 

of  Arts......Whereunto  is  added  an  appendix, 


presence  as  a  server  of  one  who  should  not 
serve,  e  g.,  a  woman.  This  rubric  has  since 
been  modified  to  some  extent,  as  may  be 


containing  an  excellent  elegy  written  by  the  '  gathered  from  consulting  "  Deer.  Auth.S.R.C. 

L. Discount  St.  Albans,"  &c._  This  elegy  is    2745  ad  8,"  where  it  is  clearly  stated  that  a 

woman  may  "answer"  Mass  urgente  necessi- 
tate, but  may  not  "serve." 

St.    Thomas    Aquinas  (iii.    83,   v.    ad   12) 
quotes  a  Papal  decree  to  the  effect  that  no 


the    poem    referred    to  —  "  The    world  ;s    a 
bubble,"    &c.     The    verses    therefore    were 
recognized  in  1630  as  the  work  of  Bacon. 
GEORGE  STRONACH. 


"  WALKYN  SILVER  "  (10th  S.  iii.  29).— This 
seems  to  have  been  a  payment  which  carried 
with  it  a  right  of  way  through  certain  part 
of  an  estate.  Walkers  were  forest  officers 
appointed  to  walk  about  a  certain  space  of 
ground  committed  to  their  care.  A  "  walk" 
was  a  footpath.  J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

SOLITARY  MASS  (10th  S.  iii.  8).— The  follow- 
ing passage  from  O'Brien's  '  History  of  the 
Mass,'  fifteenth  ed.,  pp.  8,  9,  may  be  of  use  to 

MB.  ACKERLEY  :  — 

"  When  Mass  is  said  by  a  priest  alone,  without 
the  attendance  of  people,  or  even  of  a  server,  it  is 
called  a  Solitary  Mass.    Masses  of  this  kind  were 
once  very  common   in  monasteries  and   religious 
communities    (Bona,    p.  230),    and   they  are   still 
practised  to  a  great  extent  in  missionary  countries. 
-They  cannot,  however,  be  said  without  grave  neces- 
sity ;  for  it  is  considered  a  serious  offence  by  theo- 
logians to  celebrate  without  a  server,  and  this  server 
must  always  be  a  male,  never  a  female,  no  matter 
how  pressing  the  necessity  be.    Strangely  enough 
fcolitary  Masses  were  forbidden,  in  days  gone  by, 
by  several  local  councils,   and  this  principally  for 
the  reason  that  it  seemed  ridiculous  to  say,  'Dominus 
vobiscum,'  the  Lord  be  with  you,  '  Oremus,'  let  us 
fray,  and  'Orate,  fratres,'  pray,  brethren,  when 
there  were  no  persons  present.      The  Council  of 
Mayence,  held  in  the  time  of  Pope  Leo  III.  (A  D 
815;,  directly  forbade  [by  its  43rd  Canon]  a  priest 
to  say  Mass  alone.    The  prohibition  not  merely  to 
sing  it,  but  to  celebrate  at  all  without  witnesses, 
was  repeated  by  the  Council  of  Nantes,  and  for  the 
reasons  alleged.    Gratian  cites  a  canon  in  virtue  of 
which  two  witnesses  at  least  were  required  for  the 
due  celebration  of  every  Mass  :  and  this  we  find  to 
>  the  rule  among  the  early  Cistercians.    Cardinal 
Bona  ('Rer.  Liturg.,' p.  230),  from  whom  we  copy 
these  remarks,  seems  much  in  doubt  as  to  whether 
solitary  Masses  were  wholly  abrogated  in  his  day 
f  instances,  however,  a  well-known  exception  in 
Jase  of   a  certain  monastery  which  enjoyed    the 
>rmlege  from  the  Holy  See  of  celebrating  without 
ivmg  any  person  to  respond.    According  to  the 
iresent  discipline  of  the  Church,  whenever  necessity 
compels  a  priest  to  celebrate  alone  he  must  recite 
;e  responses  himself,  and  otherwise  act  as  if  he 
id  a  full  congregation  listening  to  him.     He  must 
•t  omit,  abridge,  add,  or  change  anything,  to  suit 
the  peculiar  circumstances  of  the  occasion,  but  must 
dp  everything  that  the  rubrics  prescribe  for  ordinary 
Mass,  and  this  under  pain  of  sin."' 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 
The  rubrics  of    the  Roman  Missal   ('De 
>efectibus,'   X.)  censure  as    "defects"   the 


priest  may  celebrate  High  Mass  (missarum 
solemnia)  unless  two  persons  be  present  to 
answer  his  "Dominus  vobiscum"  and  "Orate 
pro  me."  The  Angelic  Doctor  adds,  however, 
that  one  server  is  sufficient  at  Low  Masses, 
that  the  one  server  stands  for  the  people  and 
answers  for  them. 

To  say  a  Low  Mass,  then,  without  a  server 
but  with  some  one  to  answer,  is  permissible, 
and,  in  fact,  not  uncommon.  But  I  once 
had  the  misfortune  to  be  without  a  server 
or  even  a  congregation.  This  was  in  a 
country  place  on  a  dark  winter  morning.  A 
devout  old  lady  had  answered  my  Mass  daily 
for  several  weeks,  and  I  had  every  reason  to 
suppose  that  she  was  present  on  the  day  in 
question.  As  she  was  rather  hard  of  hear- 
ing, and  sometimes  a  little  uncertain  as  to 
the  part  of  the  Mass  that  I  had  reached,  I 
had  on  other  occasions  been  obliged  to  supply 
some  of  the  responses  myself.  Hence  I  was 
not  surprised  on  this  particular  morning  to 
have  to  "answer"  more  than  usual.  When 

did  at  last  discover  that  I  was  the  only 
person  present  in  the  church,  I  determined 
;hat  I  had  gone  too  far  to  draw  back,  and  so 
[  went  on  to  the  end  of  my  one  and  only 
'  Solitary  Mass."  S.  G.  OULD. 

St.  Benedict's  Abbey,  Fort  Augustus,  Scotland. 

The  priest  must  have  some  one  to  serve 
lirn  at  Mass,  but  the  Romanists  do  not 
require  a  communicant.  Dr.  Pusey  never 
"celebrated :)  in  his  house  without  a  communi- 
cant— as  a  rule,  his  son,  who  resided  with  him 


at  Oxford. 


F.  FABER-BROWNE. 


39,  Alexandra  Road,  Hornsey,  N. 

SPLIT  INFINITIVE  (10th  S.  ii.  406 ;  iii.  17,  51). 
— By  the  voice  of  the  pundits  it  has  been 
decided  that  the  split  infinitive  is  not  un- 
grammatical.  I  venture  none  the  less,  with 
reprehensible  rashness,  to  declare  it  inele- 
gant and  detestable.  In  the  instances  ad- 
vanced its  employment  weakens  the  sentence. 
Surely  "rapidly  to  march"  and  "gloriously 
to  die,"  the  latter  especially,  are  more  vigo- 
rous than  "to  rapidly  march"  and  "to 
gloriously  die."  For  the  mere  sake  of 
euphony  it  is  to  be  avoided.  In  writers 
such  as  Fanny  Burney  you  will  constantly 


i  '      --'    —  i.  ««ww*a        LUC    sucii  a.s   raiiuy   Duruov    ^uu    win    (juustetiii/iy 

ilerk  or  other  server,  and  the    encounter  it.    But  it  is  not  in  Shakespeare 


96 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io«- s.  m.  FEB.  4,  isos. 


or  Milton,  those  supreme  masters  of  our 
tongue,  nor,  I  venture  to  say,  in  Keats, 
Tennyson,  or  Swinburne.  There  are  those 
who  will  say  "  the  custom  is  a  bad  one " 
instead  of  "  the  custom  is  bad."  The  latter 
phrase,  I  hold,  is  vigorous  English,  the  former 
flabbiness  and  superfluity.  The  split  infini- 
tive and  the  use  of  "a  one  "will,  I  think, 
be  discountenanced  by  all  who  regard  what 
Daniel  calls  "  the  treasure  of  our  tongue." 

MARO. 

Surely  the  discussion  of  a  question  of  this 
character  is  but  little  to  the  purpose. 
Grammar  is  a  matter  of  convention  ;  and 
what  is  conventional  is  right,  in  the  sense 
that  it  is  not  worth  disputing.  The  man 
who  considers  such  an  infinitive  ugly  need 
not  use  it ;  but  if  he  tries  to  convert  every 
one  else,  he  must  expect  to  find  that  some 
of  them  prefer  to  have  their  own  way,  which 
(as  a  matter  of  fact)  is  just  what  he  wants 
for  himself. 

I  suppose  the  phrase  was  invented  by 
some  penny-a-liner  who  preferred— as  their 
manner  is — to  be  smart  rather  than  to  take 
the  trouble  to  investigate.  They  hate  research 
because  they  have  no  time  for  it.  One  of 
the  most  favourite  (but  ill-natured)  devices 
for  raising  a  silly  laugh  is  to  call  a  word 
or  phrase  "American."  I  see  this  usual 
manoeuvre  is  quoted  at  p.  52  (ante),  where 
the  "split  infinitive"  is  called  a  "Trans- 
atlantic intruder "  even  by  so  good  a  scholar 
as  HERMENTEUDE.  Yet,  as  also  stated  on 
the  same  page,  DE.  HALL  "found  many 
instances  in  the  works  of  excellent  authors'" 
I  have  been  informed  that  it  occurs  five 
times  in  Golding's  Ovid  (1567).  I  remember 
finding  an  example  in  Jerrold's  '  Story  of  a 
Feather'  (1843),  published  long  before  we 
had  much  to  do  with  American  journals.  1 
dare  say  many  people  are  unaware  that  there 
was  a  time  when  no  infinitive  was  preceded  by 
to,  but  rather  denoted  by  a  suffix.  In  Anglo- 
Saxon  to  is  not  the  sign  of  the  infinitive,  but 
of  its  dative  case,  which  was  only  used  as  a 
gerund. 

Moreover,  infinitives  without  a  to  are  used 
to  this  day  after  what  are  pleasantly  called 
"auxiliary  verbs,"  which  merely  means  that 
they  are  so  common  as  to  be  indispensable. 
In  "I  may  go"  the  go  is  an  infinitive  ;  and 
in  "I  may  comfortably  go"  we  have  an 
intrusive  adverb,  of  the  same  character  as 
occurs  in  the  "split  infinitive." 

I  cannot  say  that  my  sympathies  are  on 
the  side  of  pedantry,  which  usually  means 
dogmatism  founded  upon  one's  own  private 
opinion.  They  are  rather  on  the  side  of 
scholarship,  which  does  not  shrink  from 


investigation,  due  to  a  desire  to  learn  what 
are  the  usages  (rather  than  the  opinions)  of 
good  and  well-known  writers  ;  always  re- 
membering that  fashions  change,  and  that 
phrases  have  their  day.  Any  one  who  will 
actually  take  the  trouble  to  read  our  older 
authors  will  certainly  meet  with  many  sur- 
prising things.  "The  least  fowl  out,"  i.e.,  the 
smallest  bird  known,  occurs  in  'Piers  the 
Plowman,'  B.  xii.  267.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

EULE  or  THE  ROAD  (10th  S.  ii.  467).— May 
I  (at  the  risk  of  boredom)  state  that  many 
years  ago  a  gentleman  who  was  driving  me 
informed  me  that  the  rule  was  not  purely 
arbitrary,  but  arose  from  the  need  that  the 
driver,  with  reins  in  left  hand,  should  have 
his  right  hand  free  to  ward  off  pistol  or 
sword  blow  aimed  at  him  by  another  man 
passing  him  on  his  right  hand  ? 

EDWAED  P.  WOLFEBSTAN. 

National  Liberal  Club. 

Here  is  another  version  of  the  rule  : — 

The  rule  of  the  road  is  a  paradox  quite, 

Both  in  riding  and  driving  along  : 
If  you  go  to  the  left  you  are  sure  to  go  right, 

If  you  go  to  the  right  you  go  wrong. 

But  in  walking  the  streets,  'tis  a  different  case : 
To  the  right  it  is  right  you  should  bear  ; 

To  the  left  should  be  left  quite  enough  of  free  space 
For  the  persons  you  chance  to  meet  there. 

In  the  collection  of  oddities  in  verse  in  which 
I  have  found  these  lines  they  are  ascribed 
to  Punch.  The  first  quatrain  would  seem 
to  have  been  written  before  the  birth  of 
Mr.  Punch.  Possibly  the  second  may  be  an 
addition  of  his.  In  his  fifty-third  volume,  at 
p.  129,  is  a  parody  of  the  first,  entitled  '  The 
Rule  of  the  River.'  THOMAS  LANGTON. 
Toronto. 

'  Whitaker's  Almanack,'  1903,  p.  695,  gives 
the  following  rimes  : — 

The  rule  of  the  road  is  a  paradox  quite ; 

For  in  driving  your  carriage  along, 
If  you  bear  to  the  left  you  are  sure  to  go  right, 

If  you  turn  to  the  right  you  go  wrong. 

But  in  walking  the  streets,  'tis  a  different  case  : 
To  the  right  it  is  right  you  should  steer  ; 

On  the  left  should  be  left  enough  of  clear  space 
For  the  people  who  wish  to  walk  there. 

Another  reading  is  also  given. 

H.  E.  CAMEEON. 

'  NOTES  ON  THE  BOOK  OF  GENESIS,'  BY 
C.  H.  M.  (10th  S.  iii.  50).— As  was  customary 
with  writers  among  the  Plymouth  Brethren 
half  a  century  ago,  C.  H.  Mackintosh  ap- 
pended only  his  initials  to  most  of  his  work. 
He  was  the  author  of  a  series  of  expository 
volumes— "Notes"  they  were  all  termed— 


10*  B.  in.  FEB.  4,  iocs.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


97 


on  the  books  of  the  Pentateuch,  besides 
numerous  treatises  on  doctrinal  and  Church 
questions  from  the  Brethren  point  of  view. 
Mr,  Mackintosh  was  associated  with  J.  N. 
Darby.  His  name  is  absent  from  the '  D.N.B.,' 
but  inquiry  at  Mr.  Morrish's,  Paternoster 
Square,  would  no  doubt  elicit  all  the  infor- 
mation E.  R.  desires  concerning  C.  H.  M. 

J.  GRIGOR. 

The  author  of  this  and  several  other 
popular  little  commentaries  on  the  Old 
Testament  was  the  late  C.  H.  Mackintosh, 
one  of  the  best  of  the  Plymouth  Brethren 
writers.  Some  fifteen  or  twenty  years  ago 
I  met  him  at  Leamington,  where  he  was 
sojourning  for  health,  and  found  in  him  a 
charming  personality  allied  to  a  profound 
knowledge  and  love  of  books. 

WM.  JAGGARD. 

0.  H.  Mackintosh  was  a  preacher  among 
that  sect  of  the  Brethren  which  was  governed 
by  the  late  John  Newton  Darby.  Originally 
an  Irish  schoolmaster,  he  developed,  amidst 
the  many  opportunities  for  activity  afforded 
by  "  Brethrenism,"  into  what  is  known  as 
a  "teacher,"  and  a  writer  of  considerable 
fluency.  His  volumes  on  the  books  of  the 
Pentateuch  follow  the  lines  of  Dean  Law's 
well-known  series  '  Christ  is  All,'  and  have 
Jiad  a  very  wide  circulation.  But  Mack- 
intosh wrote  little  beside  that  has  survived. 
In  his  particular  sect  he  was  regarded  as  a 
useful  man,  but  in  no  sense  a  leader.  For 
a  fair  account  of  him  see  'A  History  of  the 
Plymouth  Brethren,'  published  by  Hodder  & 
S  tough  ton,  which,  on  the  whole,  is  a  mode- 
rate, though  rather  bare  and  bloodless, 
account  of  the  sect  of  Brethren  to  which 
Mackintosh  belonged.  P.  F.  H. 

[MR.  F.  (T.  HALEY,  MB.  C.  HICHAM,  Q.  V.,  and 
MK.  J.  B.  WAIXEWRIGHT  are  also  thanked  for 
replies.] 

MERCURY  IN  TOM  QUAD  (10th  S.  ii.  467,  531 ; 
iii.  32). — The  following  anecdote  is  extracted 
from  'Oxford  and  Cambridge  Nuts  to  Crack ' 
(1835),  now  become  a  rather  scarce  book  : — 

"  At  the  time  a  late  Dean  issued  an  order,  during 
a.  hard  frost,  that  no  undergrad  was  to  indulge  in 
the  exhilarating  and  customary  sport  of  skating 
upon  the  ice  that  covered  the  reservoir  in  '  Tom 
Quad.'  The  order  came  upon  the  fraternity  like  a 
thunder-clap,  at  the  very  moment  some  scores 
were  preparing  for  the  sport ;  amongst  them  \vas 
Reade  of  that  ilk,  a  wag,  and  he  resolved  to  pay 
the  Dean  off,  even  at  the  hazard  of  being  paid  off 
himself.  He  accordingly  stuck  up  a  notice  on  the 
margin  of  the  ice  to  the  ejfect  that  no  one  was  to 
«kate  there  as  the  Dean  intended  publicly  to  enjoy 
that  sport  at  ten  o'clock  the  next  day.  The  College 
smelt  a  rat,  and  at  the  hour  named  a  large  number 
of  spectators  were  collected,  when  Mr.  Reade, 


whose  rooms  faced  the  reservoir,  dressed  in  a  wiy 
and  gown,  a  la  Dean,  which  he  had  procured 
ad  interim,  approached,  be-skated,  with  all  the 
gravity  of  his  superior,  and,  to  the  no  small  amuse- 
ment of  those  present,  cut  such  capers  in  his  skates 
that  the  whole  were  in  a  continuous  roar  of 
laughter."— P.  261. 

^  We  have  nob  yet  been  told  in  what  collec- 
tion the  statue  at  Brasenose  called  Cain  and 
Abel  (see  10th  S.  ii.  532)  has  found  a  home.  It 
was,  I  believe,  the  gift  of  Dr.  Clarke,  who  was 
one  of  the  burgesses  of  the  University  in  the 
eighteenth  century,  and  whose  monument 
may  yet  be  seen  in  the  chapel  of  All  Souls' 
College.  When  we  read  of  the  destruction 
or  migration  of  these  relics  of  antiquity  we 
are  reminded  of  Lord  Byron's  lines  : — 

I've  stood  upon  Achilles'  tomb,  and  heard  Troy 

doubted. 
Time  will  doubt  of  Rome. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

HUGH  PERCY  (10th  S.  iii.  28).— In  all  pro- 
bability the  Hugh  Percy  mentioned  by  MR. 
J.  ELIOT  HODGKIN  is  a  descendant  of  the 
Percys  of  Shaftesbury,  co.  Dorset.  In 
Hutchins's  '  History  of  Dorset,'  vol.  iv.  p.  74, 
there  is  a  pedigree  of  the  Percy  family,  but 
it  ends  with  Henry  Percy  (son  and  heir  of 
Christopher),  living  1565.  It  would  be 
interesting  to  continue  this  to  later  times  by 
an  examination  of  wills  and  administrations, 
and  extracts  from  parish  registers  at  Shaftes- 
bury and  neighbourhood.  I  would  suggest  that 
MR.  HODGKIN  repeat  his  inquiry  in  Somerset 
and  Dorset  Notes  and  Queries  (editor,  Canon 
Mayo,  Long  Burton  Vicarage,  Sherborne), 
and  he  will  perhaps  get  answers  from  local 
antiquaries. 

I  may  mention  that  Bursys,  where  Mary 
Percy  is  stated  to  have  died,  is  in  the  parish 
of  Tarrant  Gunville,  Dorset;  it  is  now  a 
farm,  but  formerly  was  a  manor,  and 
members  of  my  family  lived  there  about 
1650. 

There  have  been  already  several  inquiries 
in  the  above-mentioned  Somerset  and  Dorset 
Notes  and  Queries  (vols.  iv.  255 ;  viii.  108) 
respecting  the  family  of  Percy,  which  would 
interest  MR.  HODGKIN.  E.  A.  FRY. 

Birmingham. 

DlSBENCHED    JUDGES     (10th  S.    iii.    43).— It 

may  be  useful  to  supplement  MR.  GORDON 
GOODWIN'S  note  on  Sir  Richard  Hollo  way 
with  a  reference  to  my  note  at  9th  S.  vi.  466. 
A  valued  correspondent  of  'N.  &  Q.'  has 
privately  informed  me  that  Sir  Richard 
Hollo  way  was  baptized  at  St.  Aldate's, 
Oxford,  on  21  October,  1627,  and  was  buried 
there  on  21  December,  1699  (Parish  Register). 
He  married  Alice,  daughter  of  John  Smith, 


98 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  in.  FEB.  4, 1905. 


sometime  Mayor  of  Oxford,  by  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  Henry  Bos  worth,  of  St.  Giles's, 
Oxford.  She  was  baptized  at  St.  Aldate's, 
5  January,  1C41/2,  and  buried  there  on 
10  September,  1672,  having  died  on  7  Sep- 
tember (Clark's  'Wood's  City  of  Oxford,' 
Oxf.  Hist.  Soc.,  iii.  133,  199,  450).  For  the 
baptisms  of  their  children,  see  the  same 
volume,  p.  200.  1  suggest  that,  for  conveni- 
ence of  future  reference,  the  name  of  each 
of  the  two  judges  mentioned  in  MR.  GOOD- 
WIN'S note  should  appear  in  the  index  to  the 
current  volume  of  'N.  &  Q.'  separately. 

H.  C. 
[H.  C.'s  suggestion  had  been  anticipated.] 

ARITHMETIC  (10th  S.  iii.  50).  —  Has  your 
correspondent  consulted  a  well-known  work 
entitled  '  List  of  Arithmetic  Books  from  the 
Time  of  Printing  to  the  Present  Time,'  drawn 
up  from  actual  inspection  by  Prof.  Augustus 
De  Morgan,  London,  1847 1  A  copy  can  be  seen 
at  the  Corporation  Library,  Guildhall,  E.C. 

EVERARD   HOME  COLEMAN. 

PENNY  WARES  WANTED  (10th  S.  ii.  369,  415, 
456;  iii.  16). — In  a  very  entertaining  children's 
story,  '  Lady  Anne,  the  Little  Pedlar,'  1823, 
I  find  the  phrase  "  market-penny."  It  was 
the  term  for  the  sixpences  which  market- 
garden  employes  filched  for  themselves  out 
of  the  proceeds  of  the  morning's  sale  at 
Covent  Garden,  on  their  way  back  to  the 
gardens,  in  this  case  near  Turnham  Green. 
PERCEVAL  D.  LUCAS. 

"!LAND"  (10th  S.  ii.  348,  493).— I  do  not 
think  the  writers  who  have  replied  to  my 
query  about  "  iland  "  have  quite  understood 
the  sentence  in  which  it  occurs.  I  am  aware 
that  the  words  "iland"  and  "island"  occur 
as  place-names  far  inland,  but  if  your  readers 
•will  look  at  the  sentence  again  they  will  see 
it  refers,  not  to  the  place  or  position  of  grow- 
ing crops,  but  to  the  place,  apparently,  in  the 
"new  barne"  where  the  barley  had  been 
stored.  The  sentence  which  follows  in  the 
MS.  states  that  "the  3rd,  4th,  ^ 6th,  8th, 
10th,  and  part  of  the  llth  dressings  came 
out  of  the  middlestead  [i.e  ,  the  threshing 
floor]  and  first  mow  on  the  left  hand  in  the 
old  barne." 

This  shows  conclusively,  to  my  mind,  that 
the  word  "iland"  refers  to  some  portion 
of  the  "new  barne"  already  mentioned  ;  but 
why  is  it  so  called  ?  A.  H.  ARKLE. 

At  the  present  time  there  is  a  small,  well- 
defined  area,  covered  by  cottages  with  their 
gardens,  situated  at  Ringmer,  Sussex,  and 
known  as  "the  Iland."  I  have  not  seen  it 
spelt.  None  of  the  villagers  whom  I  have 


asked  are  aware  why  it  is  so  called.  Those 
who  live  there  are  referred  to  as  "  up  at  the 
Hand."  This  village  of  Ringmer,  I  may 
mention,  is  very  interesting,  both  to  the 
antiquary  and  the  topographer.  Further,  it 
was  from  Ringmer,  at  "  The  Delves,"  that 
Gilbert  White  wrote  some  of  his  letters  on 
'  The  Natural  History  of  Selborne,'  or  Ring- 
mer, for  the  names  qua  natural  history  were 
almost  interchangeable. 

WILLIAM  MARTIN. 
Temple,  E.C. 

FELIX  BRYAN  MACDONOUGH  (10th  S.  ii.  527). 
— CELT  will  find  in  The  Gentleman's  Maga- 
zine for  June,  1836,  p.  672,  one  or  two 
additional  particulars  concerning  Capt.  Felix 
M'Donough.  In  the  notices  of  deaths  it  is 
there  stated  that  he  died,  steeped  in  poverty, 
in  that  year,  and  had  dragged  on  existence 
as  a  bookseller's  hack.  EDWARD  J.  PARKER. 

CELT  has  referred  to  9th  S.  x.  136,  Has 
he  overlooked  the  communications  given  in 
4th  S.  iii.  300,  419  1 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

BENJAMIN  BLAKE  :  NORMAN  :  OLDMIXON 
(10th  S.  ii.  447 ;  iii.  15).— DR.  GUSTAV  KRUEUER 
will  find  that  Oldmixon  is  the  name  of  a  small 
hamlet  near  Weston  -  super  -  Mare.  John 
Oldmixon,  the  Whig  historian,  was  the 
owner  of  that  part  of  it  in  the  parish  of 
Bleadon  which  his  ancestors  had  held  for  a 
good  many  generations.  If  existing,  this 
must  be  one  of  the  rarest  surnames  in  Eng- 
land, as  the  family  never  seems  to  have 
spread.  In  Collinson's  '  History  of  Somerset ' 
(iii.  591)  it  is  stated  the  place  was  formerly 
called  Oldmixton,  but  I  find  it  Oldemixon 
in  an  Inq.  p.m.  of  49  Edw.  III. 

It  is  not,  however,  very  unlikely  to  have 
been  called  so  from  having  been  the  site  of 
an  old  mixen,  a  kitchen  midden,  or  prehistoric 
shell-mound. 

Who  that  mysterious  Sir  John  Oldmixon 
was  who  died  in  America  in  1818  is  still  an 
enigma  (3nl  S.  xi.  399  ;  xii.  76). 

A.  S.  ELLIS. 

Westminster. 

SIR  T.  W.  STUBBS  (10th  S.  ii.  189).— I  am 
glad  to  say  that  since  sending  this  query  I 
have  obtained  the  information  required  from 
Mr.  Honorius  Grant,  of  the  British  Con- 
sulate, Oporto. 

Sir  Thomas  married  in  1799  Joanna 
Candida  de  Seixos  Barbosa,  and  died  27 
April,  1844.  For  his  services  he  was  created, 
18  December,  1833,  Baron  Villa  Nova  de  Gaia, 
and  on  20  May,  1835,  Visconde  Villa  Nova  de 


s.  in.  FEB.  4, 1905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Gala.    He  commenced  his  military  career  in 
the  50th  British  Kegiment,  20  July,  1793. 

R.  J.  FYNMOKE. 
Sandgate,  Kent. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 
The  Garrick  Club.     By  Percy  Fitzgerald,  F.S.A. 

(Stock.) 

A  PLEASANT  and  very  readable  account  of  the 
Garrick  Club  has  been  supplied  by  Mr.  Percy  Fitz- 
gerald, now  for  nearly  thirty  years  a  member.  An 
industrious  and  a  voluminous  author,  principally 
on  subjects  connected  with  the  stage,  Mr.  Fitz- 
gerald is  eminently — we  may  say  exceptionally — 
qualified  for  the  task  he  undertakes.  Most  of  the 

Srincipal  social  clubs,  from  the  Athenaeum  to  the 
riental,  have  found  their  historians  ;  and  one  poli- 
tical club,  the  Reform,  has  enjoyed  the  same 
privilege.  Thanks  to  its  possession  of  a  magnificent 
gallery  of  pictures,  chiefly  portraits  of  actors,  pre- 
sented to  it  by  its  members,  the  Garrick  offers 
special  temptations  to  a  writer  devoted  to  theatrical 
pursuits.  The  character  of  the  early  members,  many 
of  whom  were  celebrated  in  literature  or  on  the 
stage,  constitutes  a  further  attraction.  In  a  sense  in 
which  the  term  can  be  used  of  no  other  institution 
of  like  standing,  the  club  is  social.  Membership 
has  from  the  outset  involved  something  like  the 
dream  of  the  French  revolutionaries  —  liberty, 
equality,  and  fraternity  —  while  within  the  club 
gates,  and  the  admission  of  a  member  has  enabled 
him  virtually  to  dispense  with  an  introduction  on 
approaching  his  fellows.  Conviviality  was  in  the 
early  days  a  feature  of  the  club,  and  still,  though 
in  a  less  degree,  continues  ;  and  a  share  much  larger 
than  is  commonly  allotted  to  general  conversation 
has  prevailed.  To  describe  the  men  —  brilliant, 
fashionable,  witty,  erudite,  or  socially  distinguished 
— who  at  different  periods  have  frequented  the 
club  is  a  task  for  Mr.  Fitzgerald  and  not  for  the 
critic  of  his  volume.  The  club  was  distinguished 
from  the  outset  as  a  circle  of  wits,  and  the  presence 
among  the  early  members  of  men  such  as  Barham 
(Ingoldsby),  "Tom"  Duncombe,  Capt.  Gronow, 
Theodore  Hook,  Lockhart  (we  suppose  this,  who  is 
only  called  J.  Lockhart,  to  have  been  John  Gibson 
Lockhart,  the  son-in-law  and  biographer  of  Scott), 
the  Mathewses  (Charles  and  Charles  James),  John 
Poole  (of '  Paul  Pry '),  and  James  Smith,  justifies  the 
use  of  the  title.  A  full  description  of  the  manner 
in  which,  through  the  generosity  of  Rowland 
Durrant,  concerning  whom  ordinary  biographies 
are  silent,  the  Mathews  collection  of  pictures 
became  the  property  of  the  club  is  supplied. 
This  noble  collection,  the  value  of  which  cannot 
easily  be  overestimated,  has  received  signal  addi- 
tions in  subsequent  years,  and  stands  now,  it  is  to 
be  supposed,  in  its  line  unrivalled.  It  is  to  be 
wished  that  Mr.  Fitzgerald  were  a  more  trust- 
worthy guide,  since  his  work  is  apt  to  be  regarded 
in  some  quarters  as  official  or  inspired  by  the 
trustees  or  committee  of  the  club,  which  is  not  the 
case.  A  complete  guide  to  the  pictures  is  a  desi- 
deratum. On  the  task  of  preparing  such  more  than 
one  competent  pen  is  supposed  to  be  engaged. 
Reference  is  made  to  the  exclusion  from  member- 
ship of  Thomas  Campbell,  in  consequence,  it  is  said, 


of  a  costly  habit  in  which  he  indulged  of  breaking 
the  glasses  from  which  he  had  been  drinking.  Con- 
siderable space  is  afforded  Thackeray,  whose  por- 
trait forms  a  frontispiece  to  the  book,  and  a  full 
discussion  is  to  be  found  of  the  dispute  between 
him  and  Edmund  Yates,  which  led  to  the  banish- 
ment of  the  latter  from  the  club  and  one  of  the  not 
infrequent  resignations  of  Charles  Dickens.  It  is 
expedient  that  the  truth  should  be  known,  and 
Mr.  Fitzgerald  is  an  unprejudiced  witness,  whose 
bias,  if  any  existed,  would  be  in  the  direction  of 
Dickens.  There  are  many  interesting  portraits  of 
people  named  in  the  book,  though  comparatively 
few  of  these  are  from  club  sources.  The  work  is- 
brightly  written  and  eminently  readable.  It  will 
recommend  itself  to  others  besides  the  members  of 
the  club  with  which  it  deals. 

The  American  Revolution.  By  the  Right  Hon.  Sir 
George  Otto  Trevelyan,  Bart.  New  Edition. 
3  vols.  (Longmans  &  Co.) 

A  REVISED  and  cheaper  edition  of  Sir  George 
Trevelyau's  '  American  Revolution '  treads  closely 
upon  the  heels  of  the  first  edition.  It  is  in  some- 
respects  superior  to  the  preceding  work,  and  con- 
tains a  notable  addition  in  an  excellent  portrait  of 
the  author.  So  far  as  regards  the  first  volume,  a- 
marked  improvement  has  been  effected.  This, 
originally  published  as  Part  I.,  and  covering  the 
period  from  1766  to  1776,  has  now  been  rearranged 
and,  to  some  extent,  rewritten.  What  is  judged 
to  be  irrelevant  has  been  expunged  and  replaced 
by  other  matter,  the  result  of  subsequent  dis- 
covery or  reflection ;  the  entire  work  has  been, 
arranged  in  chapters,  consecutively  numbered,  and 
the  whole  now  forms  a  continuous  and  sustained 
history  of  the  period  discussed.  To  the  successive 
volumes  of  the  original  edition  we  drew  attention, 
(see  9th  S.  iii.  138  ;  xii.  458),  pointing  out  that  the 
history  was  written  from  an  American  standpoint 
rather  than  a  British,  did  full  justice  to  the  loyalty 
of  the  American  colonies  until  stirred  by  intoler- 
able wrong,  and  showed  in  the  clearest  light  the- 
pigheadedness  and  incapacity  of  English  manage- 
ment and  the  rapacity  and  greed  of  English  com- 
merce. What  we  read  concerning  Russian  mis- 
management and  rapine  to-day  is  less  astounding 
than  are  the  revelations  of  English  dishonesty  a 
century  and  a  quarter  ago.  Considering  the  point 
of  view  taken,  no  less  than  the  vivacity  of  the 
pictures  afforded,  there  is  no  cause  for  surprise 
that  the  popularity  of  the  work  in  America  has 
been  as  great  as  that  in  England.  Something  in. 
the  way  of  an  approach  to  international  amity  haa 
been  fostered,  if  not  aroused,  by  its  appearance. 
For  the  first  time  the  American  has  been  shown- 
how  large  a  proportion  of  what  was  best  in  English, 
life  and  thought  sympathized  with  him  in  his- 
endeavour  to  throw  off  an  unjust  and  abominable 
yoke.  From  historical  students  and  from  statesmen 
of  authority  Sir  George  has  received  assurances  of 
the  salutary  effects  01  his  writing,  while  the  more 
enlightened  portion  of  the  American  press  has 
welcomed  the  book  as  making  for  friendship.  Most 
important  result  of  its  appearance  is  the  call  on 
the  other  side  of  the  water  for  a  recasting  of  those 
American  school-books  which  have  preached  ani- 
mosity and  encouraged  dislike  to  Great  Britain. 
"It  is  manifest,"  says  one  periodical  of  wide  circu- 
lation and  influence,  "  that  most  of  our  school  his- 
tories of  the  United  States  will  have  to  be  rewritten, 
for  the  major  part  of  them  fail  to  recognize  the 


100 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [HP  s.  m.  FEB.  4,  iocs. 


•momentous  truth  which  the  work  before  us  must 
be  held  to  have  established."  In  its  present  shape 
the  history  is  likely  to  be  productive  of  further 
•benefit,  simply  because  its  perusal  is  more  of  a 
pleasure  and  less  of  a  task.  The  chapters  dealing 
with  the  conduct  of  affairs  in  England  are  still  the 
most  animated,  but  those  dealing  with  American 
discontent  and  outbreak  have  gained  greatly  in 
vivacity.  No  attempt  has  been  made  to  modify 
the  view  expressed  concerning  George  III.,  who 
remains  the  most  sinister  character  in  the  book, 
•and  whose  influence  is  shown  as  constantly  malig- 
nant. Some  interesting  matter  is  furnished  in 
appendixes.  The  new  edition  will  do  much  to 
popularize  a  useful,  readable,  and  in  many  respects 
brilliant  history. 

The  Shade  of  the  Balkans.  (Nutt. ) 
.FOR  this  collection  of  Bulgarian  folk-song  and  pro- 
verbs, for  the  first  time  rendered  into  English,  and 
for  the  essays,  the  popular  poetry,  and  the  origin  of 
the  Bulgars  with  which  it  is  associated,  three  writers 
are  responsible.  Pencho  Slaveikoff— who  is  spoken 
•of  as  "  the  caged  lion  of  Sofia  "  and  as  "  the  figure 
of  revolt  "—is  answerable  for  the  poems  in  the 
original.  Among  other  things  noteworthy  about 
•him,  he  is  the  owner  of  remarkable  eyes:  "Eyes 
weary  with  the  world's  trouble,  darkling  eyes,  eyes 
•of  the  twilit  woods,  then  of  a  woodland  faun,  eyes 
that  lure  you  and  dance  away  from  you,  eyes  that 
laugh  at  you  and  their  owner,  unbearable  eyes." 
"I.,"  otherwise  "H.  B.,"  otherwise  Henry  Bernard, 
lias  executed  the  translation  and  the  notes,  and 
E.  J.  Dillon  writes  on  '  The  Origin  and  Language  of 
the  Primitive  Bulgars.'  The  book  thus  constituted 
is  a  pleasant  and  valuable  contribution  to  folk-lore. 
Many  of  the  songs  are  of  great  merit,  and  all  are 
•full  of  character.  Like  most  folk-lore  poems,  they 
have  a  vein  of  deep  melancholy,  and  are  generally 
in  a  minor  key.  Some  of  them  recall  Heine,  notably 
•the  '  Pomak'  song,  No.  42.  Familiarity  with  scenes 
of  slaughter  is  continually  manifested,  and  the 
blood  in  which  since  1876  Southern  Bulgaria  has 
been  steeped  exercises  a  strong  and  easily  per- 
ceptible influence.  The  growth  of  flowers  out  of 
the  graves  of  unfortunate  lovers,  common  in  ballad 
literature,  is  an  occasional  feature.  In  '  The  Legend 
•of  the  Sweet  Bash'  it  is  thus  said  : — 

And  from  the  grave  of  him  a  vine  did  grow, 
And  from  the  grave  of  her  a  blushing  rose, 
Because  they  loved  each  other  all  too  well. 

Other  poems,  such  as  '  The  Samovila  as  Wife,'  are 
linked  to  legends  of  swan-maidens.  Very  strange 
and  quaint  is  'The  Last  Journey  of  St.  Peter's 
Mother,'  who,  in  spite  of  her  son's  position  as  janitor 
of  heaven,  drops,  for  her  miserliness  and  want  of 
sympathy,  into  hell,  whence  she  is  unable  to  escape. 
Many  of  the  proverbs  are  curious.  Among  such  are 
"God  is  not  sinless;  He  created  the  world,"  with 
its  suggestion  of  Omar  Khayyam  ;  "  The  man  who 
has  looked  life  in  the  face  fears  not  to  die  "  ;  "  The 
Heiduck's  shadow  is  the  scaffold."  Profoundly 
interesting  are  the  introduction  and  essays.  We 
learn,  however,  with  deep  regret,  that  the  songs 
of  the  Bard  of  the  Dimbovitza— our  admiration  for 
which  is  deep-seated — are  spurious,  and  are  to  be 
classed  with  Ossian  and  similar  works.  They  are 
presumably  "built  by  Mile.  Helene  Vacaresco, 
decorated  by  Carmen  Sylva,  and  rendered  into 
English — most  charmingly — byMissAlmaStrettell." 
The  Roumanian  peasant,  we  are  told,  "  has  not  the 


remotest  idea  of  these  songs  ;  of  their  form,  of  their 
context,  or  of  their  language."  Thus  to  be  told 
diminishes  greatly  the  gratification  we  have  received 
from  a  work  which,  in  that  and  other  respects,  is  a 
delight.  Some  of  the  stories  are  excellent.  One 
of  a  Royal  Highness  selling  to  an  evening  paper  the 
documents  concerning  his  projected  assassination 
is  staggering.  There  is  some  banter  of  the  "  pran- 
cing procession  of  adjectives  "  of  Mr.  Edmund  Gosse 
when,  after  patronizing  Norway  and  Holland,  he 
"was  good  enough  to  consider  Bulgaria." 

The  Anatomy  of  Melancholy.    By  Robert  Burton. 

3  vols.    (Bell  &  Sons.) 

OF  the  numerous  works  forming  part  of  "  The 
Standard  Library,"  which  is  now  issued  in  a  new 
and  superior  shape  as  "  The  York  Library,"  we  are 
disposed  to  regard  this  with  most  favour.  Reprints 
of  Burton's  classic  work  are  many,  some  of 
them  being  very  handsonie  in  shape.  We  know  no 
edition,  however,  prettier,  more  legible,  cheaper, 
and  more  convenient  than  this,  which  may,  as 
we  have  tested,  be  perused  with  comfort  and 
delight.  It  has  a  capital  introduction  and  notes 
trustworthy  in  the  main,  if  not  always  impeccable, 
reproduces  in  diminished  size  the  quaint  and  signi- 
ficant title-page  of  the  original  edition,  and  has  an 
excellent  index.  For  the  man  who  collects  books 
for  the  purpose  of  study  the  edition  is  ideal. 


t&oiitt*  t 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 
put  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
heading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "Duplicate." 

ST.  SWITIIIN  ("  Pig  hanging  a  Man  ").— N.  M.  &  A. 
are  aware  of  the  sheep  story  ;  see  their  query.  The 
articles  will  be  found  8th  S.  viii.,  ix.,  xi. 

E.  S.  DODGSON.— We  shall  be  pleased  to  forward 
a  communication  to  our  contributor,  whose  anony- 
mity we  are  obliged  to  respect. 

H.  P.  L.  ("  Reprints  from  '  N.  &  Q.' "). — A  second 
volume  followed  in  1859,  entitled  'Choice  Notes: 
Folk-lore.'  There  was  no  other. 

NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "  The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries'" — Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Pub- 
lisher"—at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  B.C. 

We  beg  leave  to  state  that  we  decline  to  return 
communications  which,  for  any  reason,  we  do  not 
print;  and  to  this  rule  we  can  make  no  exception. 


io*  s.  HI.  FEB.  4,  IMS.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

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WHO   WROTE    THAT?    A  Dictionary  of  Familiar  Quo- 
tations, with  their  Sources.    By  W.  8.  W.  Anson. 

WHO    SAID   THAT  ?    A  Dictionary  of  Famous  Sayings, 
traced  to  their  Sources.    By  E.  Latham. 

MOTTOES  and  BADGES,  BRITISH  and  FOREIGN,  with 
Translations.    By  W.  S.  W.  Anson. 

DICTIONARY  of    ABBREVIATIONS.    CONTRACTIONS, 
and  ABBREVIATIVE  SIGNS.    By  E.  Latham. 

List  of  others  published  mid  in  preparation  may  be  had-. 


THE   ENGLISH   LIBRARY. 

Fcap.  8vo,  cloth,  gilt  tops,  2s  GJ.  each. 

The  FOLK  and  their  WORD -LORE  :  an  Essay  on  Popular 
Etymologies,  liy  Rev.  Dr.  A.  Smythe  Palmer,  Author  of  '  Dic- 
tionary of  Folk-etymology,'  Ac. 

"We  have  not  space  to  dwell  on  the  many  merits  of  Dr.  Smythe 
Palmer's  essay,  which.... illustrates  admirably  the  fascination  exer- 
cised by  the  study  of  our  dialects  and  their  importance  in  relation  to 
English  philology."— The  Jlthena-nm. 

On  the  STUDY  of  WORDS.    By  Archbishop  R.  C.  Trench. 

Edited  with  Additions,  Emendations  and  Index  by  Dr.  A.  Smythe 
Palmer. 

ENGLISH  PAST  and  PRESENT.  By  Archbishop  R.  C. 
Trench.  Edited  by  Dr.  A.  Smythe  Palmer.  [Shortly. 

PROVERBS  and  their  LESSONS.  By  Archbishop  R.  C. 
Trench.  With  Notes,  Bi  bliography,  and  Index  by  Dr.  A.  Rmvthe 
Palmer.  ;  Shortly. 


GEORGE  ROUTLEDGE  &  SONS,  LIMITED,  Broadway  House,  London,  E.C. 


s.  in.  FEB.  n,  iocs.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


101 


LQXDOX,  SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  11.  1SOS. 


CONTENTS.-No.  59. 

NOTES :— St.  Sepulchre,  101— William  and  John  Talman, 
103— Sufferings  of  Troops  in  Winter,  101— Proposed  Temple 
Bridge  and  County  Hall— Recent  Finds  in  Westminster, 
105— Shap,  Westmorland— Francis  Bacon :  Singular  Ad- 
dress—Chinook Jargon,  106. 

QUERIES  :  — "Maskyll"  —  Queen  of  Duncan  II.,  107  — 
Franciecus  de  Platea— Mr.  Fraser  Rae  and  Junius— Joseph 
Wilfred  Parkins  —  Local  'Notes  and  Queries '—"  Caren- 
tinilla"— Gold  v.  Silver  — 'God  save  the  King,'  108  — 
George  Villiers,  Duke  of  Buckingham— William  Symson— 
Author  of  Quotation  Wanted—"  Lamb  "  in  Place-names— 
Fitz  Warine  Family— Middleton— "  When  our  dear  old 
Catholic  fathers  "—"  Oh  !  the  pilgrims  of  Zion"— "May 
virtue  all  thy  paths  attend,"  109. 

REPLIES  :— Holyrood  Font,  109— Torpedoes,  Submarines, 
and  Rifled  Cannon  — "The  hungry  forties  "—Heraldic 
Mottoes— Sothern's  London  Residence — Con-  Contraction 
— John  Wesley  and  Gardens,  111— Royal  Regiments  of  the 
Line— "Phil  Elia"— "  Wassail,"  112  — Besant  — British 
Merzotinters  —  Anthony  Brewer — '  Hardyknute,'  113— 
The  Chiltern  Hundreds  — Dryden  Portraits— Epitaphs  : 
their  Bibliography— Queen's  Surname— Kant's  Descent- 
Blood  used  in  Building,  114— Spirit  Manifestations  — 
•"  God  called  up  t'rom  dreams  " — "  The  "  as  part  of  Title — 
"Tourmaline"— Verschoyle  :  Folden,  115  — Baptist  Con- 
fession of  Faith,  1660— Nelson  in  Fiction—"  God  rest  you 
merry  "—Coliseums  Old  and  New,  116. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS:— Murray's  '  Museums '—' Cambridge 
Modern  History"  —  'Guide  to  Historical  Novels' — 'At 
Shakespeare's  Shrine '  — 'Upper  Norwood  Atbenseum 
Record' — 'The  Burlington  ' — Reviews  and  Magazines. 

Obituary  :— Mr.  T.  Blashill;  Rev.  W.  K.  R.  Bedford. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


ST.  SEPULCHRE. 

MR.  HOLDEX  MAC-MICHAEL  conjectures  at 
10th  S.  ii.  192  that  the  "Saint"  in  "St.  Sepul- 
chre" is  redundant,  and  he  states  at  the  same 
time  that  "Sepulchre'1  is  in  reality  merely  a 
contraction  of  "  St.  Pulchre." 

This  is  an  ingenious  etymological  effort. 
It  sounds  at  first  plausible  enough  and  allur- 
ing, but  on  examination  it  would  seem  to 
lead  into  a  cul-de-sac  and  to  a  mare's  nest. 
MR.  MAcMiCHAEL  infers  that  the  two  words 
Pulcheria  and  Pulchre  are  synonymous  ;  but 
it  would  be  interesting  to  learn  on  what 
authority  he  connects  the  two. 

It  is  necessary  toqueiy,  first  of  all,  whether 
there  was  ever  any  such  a  saint  as  "  St.  Pul- 
chre." Personally,  till  now,  I  have  never 
come  across  such  a  one,  either  "  at  prayer  " 
or  elsewhere,  and  indeed  it  is  a  question 
whether  "Pulchre"  is  really  the  French 
equivalent  for  the  Latin  "  Pulcheria."  De 
Mas  Latrie  in  his  '  Tresor  de  Chronologic, 
d'Histoire  et  de  Geographic,'  and  the  writer 
in  Migne's  '  Dictionnaire  Hagiographique,' 
both  give  the  word  "Pulcherie,"  and  make 
no  reference  at  all  to  any  saint  "  Pulchre/' 
Other  authorities  are  equally  reticent. 

However,  the  point  at  issue  really  resolves 
itself  into  this,  viz.,  To  whom  were  the  "Sepul- 


chre" or  "St.  Sepulchre"  churches  dedicated? 
This  conundrum  once  settled,  we  shall  either 
have  dissolved  the  new  theory  or  given  it  a 
fresh  lease  of  life. 

From  the  Bollandists  ('Acta  Sanctorum,' 
10  September)  and  from  other  sources  we 
learn  that  many  were  the  churches  founded 
by  St.  Pulcheria ;  but  it  would  be  interesting 
to  discover  even  one  church  that  was  dedi- 
cated to  the  holy  empress  herself.  On  the 
other  hand,  it  is  well  known  that  there  have 
been,  and  are  still,  a  number  of  churches  in 
different  lands  that  have  borne  the  title  of 
"  Sancti  Sepulchri"  (we  may  note  the  gender 
of  "  Sepulchri,"  which  is  not  masculine).  In 
England  we  have  many  such,  and  amongst 
them  several  of  great  architectural  interest, 
each  of  which  is  in  its  way  all  but  unique. 
We  may  instance,  for  example,  the  so-called 
"round  churches  "of  Cambridge,  of  North- 
ampton, of  Little  Maplestead  in  Essex,  and 
the  Temple  Church  in  London.  Moreover,  it 
has  been  pretty  well  proved  that  the  afore- 
said circular  churches  (though  sometimes 
erroneously  thought  to  have  been  Jewish 
synagogues)  were  originally  the  property  of 
the  Military  Order  of  the  Knights  Templars, 
with  whom  it  was  a  common  practice  to  build 
round  churches  at  the  commanderies  and 
priories  of  the  Order  in  imitation  and  com- 
memoration of  the  great  basilica  of  the  Holy 
Sepulchre  at  Jerusalem— a  church  that  it  was 
the  end  and  object  of  the  Order  to  defend. 
In  this  connexion  it  may  be  well  to  quote  the 
opinion  of  the  great  architectural  authority 
Viollet-le-Duc,  who — in  his  'Dictionnaire 
Raisonne  de  1'Architecture  Francaise,'  under 
'Sepulchre' — writes  as  follows:  "L'Ordre 
des  Templiers  elevait  in  chaque  commanderie 
une  chapelle  qui  devait  etre  la  representation 
de  la  rotonde  de  Jerusalem."  Nor  was  it 
unnatural  that  the  knights,  many  of  whom 
had,  no  doubt,  been  to  Jerusalem,  should 
endeavour  to  produce  at  home  a  replica  of 
that  far-off  Sepulchre  for  which  they  were 
pledged  to  live  and  to  die,  and  in  which  their 
hearts  were  already  metaphorically  buried. 

These  circular  churches  were  often  known 
either  as  Temple  or  Sepulchre  churches,  and 
there  can  be  no  doubt  that  they  were  replicas 
(more  or  less)  of  the  prototype  at  Jerusalem. 
The  knights  built  their  first  London  (circular) 
church  at  Holborn  ;  but  later  they  removed 
to  the  Temple.  The  site  of  the  Holborn 
Templar  church  is  now  occupied  by  South- 
ampton Buildings. 

In  France  there  are  the  circular  church 
famous  in  the  annals  of  the  Templars  at  Paris, 
which  formed  part  of  the  most  important 
commandery  of  the  knights  in  Europe  ;  the 


102 


NOTES  AND  Q  UERIES. 


s.  in.  FKB.  n,  1903. 


round  church  of  St.  Benignus  of  Dijon,  which 
was  unquestionably  an  imitation  of  the 
Jerusalem  St.  Sepulchre,  as  were,  likewise, 
the  circular  churches  of  Metz,  in  Lorraine, 
and  of  Laon  ;  the  rotunda  of  Lanleff,  in  the 
department  of  C6tes-du-Nord,  and  the  cir- 
cular monument  (evidently  having  the  same 
origin)  at  Rieux-Minervois,  near  Carcassonne. 
In  Italy  we  may  note  the  round  church  of 
St.  Sepulchre  at  Brindisi,  the  ancient  Brundu- 
sium  ;  in  Spain  the  exact  replica  of  the 
Holy  Sepulchre  to  be  found  in  the  Templar 
church  of  La  Vera  Cruz  at  Segovia,  in  which 
there  is  a  small  chapel  which  is  an  exact 
model  of  the  Holy  Sepulchre  at  Jerusalem 
(•'  Impressions  of  Spain,'  by  Lady  Herbert, 
p.  621).  All  these,  then,  are  imitations,  in  a 
greater  or  less  degree,  of  the  Jerusalem 
prototype,  and,  needless  to  say.  they  have 
no  connexion  whatever  with  St.  Pulcheria,  or 
with  any  "  St.  Pulchre." 

But  this  is  not  all.  We  may  cite  as  further 
proof  the  testimony  of  the  chroniclers  who 
mention  the  foundation  of  the  little  circular 
church  of  Neuvy-Saint-Supulchre,  in  the 
department  of  Indre,  in  France.  They  state 
clearly  that  the  church  was  constructed  in 
imitation  of  the  Holy  Sepulchre  at  Jerusalem, 
and  hence  the  name:  "Fundata  est  ad 
formain  Sancti  Sepulchri  lerosolimitani " 
(Viollet-le-Duc,  'Diet.  d'Architecture').  The 
resemblance  to  the  prototype  became  in  this 
case  still  more  complete  when,  in  1257,  a 
fragment  of  the  tomb  of  our  Saviour  was 
presented  to  the  Chapter  of  Neuvy  ;  for  the 
relic  was  placed  in  a  sort  of  grotto,  erected  in 
the  centre  of  the  rotunda,  in  imitation  of  the 
tomb  of  our  Lord  in  the  basilica  at  Jerusalem. 
This  grotto  existed  till  1806,  when  it  was 
destroyed  by  a  cure  of  Neuvy,  as  it  hid  the 
altar  at  the  end  of  the  nave  (ibid.). 

There  is  a  similar  instance  in  the  case  of 
the  Chapter  House  (Salle  du  Chapitre)  of  the 
Cathedral  of  Constance,  where  there  is  a 
monument  which  at  one  time  was  placed  in 
the  cathedral  itself,  and  which  was  intended 
to  serve  the  same  purpose  as  that  at  Neuvy, 
namely,  to  recall  to  mind  the  real  tomb  in 
the  centre  of  the  rotunda  of  the  Jerusalem 
basilica. 

But  besides  these  circular  churches,  or 
replicas,  there  are  numerous  non-circular 
churches,  up  and  down  the  land,  which  were 
merely  dedicated  under  the  title  of  St. 
Sepulchre.  The  church  of  St.  Sepulchre  at 
Newgate,  London,  is  one  of  these  ;  as  are  also 
the  St.  Sepulchre  church  at  Cambray,  that 
at  St.  Omer,  and  that  in  the  diocese  of 
Angers  ;  the  Augustinian  church  at  Piacenza 
in  Italy,  and  the  priory  church  of  St. 


Sepulchre  de  Sambleriis,  in  the  diocese  of 
Troyes,  in  France.  Under  the  same  dedication 
were  the  bishopric  of  Borgo  San  Sepolcro, 
suffragan  to  the  metropolitan  see  of  Florence ; 
the  ruined  Benedictine  Priory  at  Canterbury  ; 
the  hospital  of  St.  Sepulchre  at  Hedon,  or 
Newton-St.-Sepulchre,  in  Yorkshire  ;  and  the 
hospital  of  St.  Sepulchre  belonging  to  the 
Canons  Regular  of  St.  Sepulchre,  which 
used  to  exist  at  Warwick. 

In  mediaeval  times  there  existed  the  Sacred 
Military  Order  of  the  Knights  of  the  Holy 
Sepulchre.  This  Order  was  afterwards  amal- 
gamated by  Pope  Innocent  VIII.,  in  the  year 
1484,  with  the  better-known  Military  Order 
of  the  Knights  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem — 
otherwise  known  as  Knights  Hospitalers, 
Knights  of  Rhodes,  or  Knights  of  Malta  ; 
and  consequent  upon  this  union,  the  Grand 
Master  of  the  Knights  of  St.  John  incor 
porated  amongst  his  othertitles  the  additional 
one  of  "Sancti  Sepulchri  Dominici  humilis 
Magister  " — a  title  held  with  distinction  by 
Prince  Ceschi  di  Santa  Croce,  the  Grand 
Master  lately  deceased.  This  Military  Order 
of  the  Holy  Sepulchre,  properly  so  called, 
is  to  be  distinguished  from  the  knighthood 
of  the  same  which  is  still  conferred  at  the 
Holy  Sepulchre — formerly  by  the  Franciscan 
Gustos  of  the  Holy  Land,  and  since  1861 
by  the  Latin  Patriarch  of  Jerusalem,  to- 
whom  the  right  of  nomination  to  the  knight- 
hood was  at  that  date  transferred.  In  the 
sacristy  attached  to  the  Latin  Chapel  in  the 
Church  of  the  Holy  Sepulchre  at  Jerusalem 
is  preserved  the  straight  double-edged  sword, 
with  cross-guard,  of  the  renowned  Godfrey 
de  Bouillon,  which  is  still  used  by  the 
Patriarch  in  giving  the  accolade  to  the 
knight-elect.  Godfrey  de  Bouillon,  the  first 
Latin  King  of  Jerusalem,  was  also  the  first 
Baron  of  the  Holy  Sepulchre.  The  badge  of 
the  Military  Order  aforesaid  is  the  red 
patriarchal  double-armed  cross,  and  that  of 
the  knighthood— at  least  in  more  modern 
times  —  the  fivefold  cross  of  Jerusalem  in- 
red.  In  'The  Book  of  the  Wanderings  of 
Brother  Felix  Fabri '  (1484,  Palestine  Pilgrim 
Text  Society)  a  most  interesting  account  of 
the  dubbing  of  the  Knights  of  the  Holy 
Sepulchre  is  given,  as  well  as  a  sketch 
indicating  what  would  be  expected  of 
them.  This  prolific  writer  also  supplies  no 
fewer  than  forty  arguments  by  which  to 
manifest  how  this  of  all  knighthoods  is  quite 
the  best. 

And  last,  but  not  least,  there  is  the 
ecclesiastical  feast  and  Officium  Divinum 
of  the  Holy  Sepulchre,  observed,  in  some 
places  at  least,  on  the  Second  Sunday  after 


s.  in.  F™.  11, 1905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


103 


Easter.    The  Collect  of  this  feast  runs  as 
follows  : — 

"Donrine  Jesu  Christe,  qui  pro  nobis  mortem 
subire,  et  Sepulchre  depositus  tertia  die  resurgere 
voluisti :  concede  nobis  famulis  tuisut  qui  Sepulchri 
tui  memoriam  recoliruus,  resurrectionis  quoque 
gloria;  participes  esse  mereamur.  Qui  vivis  et 
regnas,"  &c.  —  Breviarium  Mouasticum  :  iSupple- 
mentuni  pro  diversitate  Locorum,  &c. 

It  may  be  of  interest  to  those  outside 
Catholic  circles  to  know  that,  even  in  this 
twentieth  centurj7,  canonesses  of  the  Holy 
Sepulchre  still  exist  in  England,  at  Xew 
Hall,  Chelmsford.  Xew  Hall  itself  is  not 
without  interesting  historical  associations. 
In  1517  it  came  into  the  possession  of 
Henry  YIIL,  who  purchased  it  either  from 
the  then  Bishop  of  London,  or,  according  to 
Camden,  from  Anne  Boleyn's  father.  Henry 
gave  it  the  name  of  Beaulieu,  and  not  a  few 
of  his  State  Papers  were  "  given  from  our 
Palace  of  Beaulieu."  The  name  Beaulieu 
leads  up  to  a  curious  coincidence,  for  Fulk 
of  Xerra;  Count  of  Anjou,  founded  a  Bene- 
dictine monastery  "in  honore  Sancti  Sepul- 
chri "  near  Loches  in  Touraine,  to  which  the 
name  of  Bellus  Locus  was  given,  which  in 
the  French  is  Beaulieu  (9th  S.  viii.  397). 

Finally,  we  have  a  corruption  of  St. 
Sepulchre  in  "Selskar"  Abbey,  Wexford. 
The  church  attached  to  this  ancient  Danish 
abbey  was  dedicated  to  SS.  Peter  and  Paul, 
but  in  the  time  of  the  Crusades  a  chapel  was 
added  to  it,  in  which  were  deposited  some 
relics  of  the  Holy  Sepulchre,  and  the  devotion 
thus  stirred  up  caused  the  original  dedication 
to  be  almost  forgotten,  and  the  place  came  to 
be  known  as  "  St.  Sepulchre  "  Abbey,  which 
was  later  on  corrupted  into  "Selskar." 
Vide '  Danish  Wexford,'  by  John  Cullen,  Irish, 
Ecclesiastical  Record,  1882. 

All  this  seems  to  show  clearly  that  the 
';  saint  "in  St.  Sepulchre  is  by  no  means  a 
mere  redundancy,  and  that,  on  the  other 
hand,  it  is  simply  the  equivalent  to  "holy," 
which  in  its  turn  is  the  natural  term  applied 
to  the  tomb  of  our  Lord  —  the  Sanctum 
Sepulchrum  par  excellence.  Possibly  this 
may  suggest  a  truer  piece  of  etymology. 

ME.  MAcMlCHAEL  may  not  be  aware  that 
the  vulgar  pronunciation  of  St.  Sepulchre 
at  Xorthampton  is  "  St.  Pulker's,"  and  that 
the  church  of  the  name  is  known  indifferently 
either  as  "  St.  Pulker's "  or  as  "  Pulker's 
Church  " — the  latter  for  preference.  Does 
this  throw  light  upon  the  mysterious  "St. 
Pulchre  "  ? 

To  conclude,  may  I  ask  whether  any 
reader  of  '  X.  <fc  Q.'  has  ever  come  across  a 
church  in  any  part  of  Western  Christendom 
dedicated  to  St.  Pulcheria,  or  any  church,  in 


any  part  of  the  world,  named  after  "St. 
Pulchre  "  2  Or  does  any  one  know  of  an  actual 
instance  of  the  "  Saint-Pulchre "  being  con- 
verted into  "Sepulchre"  or  "Sepulchre"? 
Should  this  information  not  be  forthcoming, 
I  fear  that  in  all  probability  " St.  Pulchre'' 
will  transmigrate  into  her  own  sepulchre  ^ 
and,  if  so,  may  she  rest  there— in  pace. 

B.  W. 
Fort  Augustus. 

[See  also  9th  S.  x.  445.] 


WILLIAM  AND  JOHN  TALMAX. 

To  the  interesting  article  on  the  Talmans-, 
father  and  son,  in  the  '  Diet.  Xat.  Biog.'  I 
can  add  a  few  particulars  from  Clutterbuck's 
and  Cussans's  histories  of  Hertfordshire  and 
other  sources. 

William  Talman,  architect  and  Comptroller 
of  the  Works  to  William  III.,  was  the  second 
son  of  William  Talman,  of  Westminster,  gent.,, 
by  his  wife  Sibilla,  daughter  of  James 
Morgan,  of  Westminster,  "cordwinder."  By 
will  dated  5  January,  1662'3,  and  proved 
26^  February  following  (P.C.C.  25,  Juxon),. 
William  Talman,  senior,  left  his  freehold 
estate  "in  East  Coate,  Wilts,  which  I  lately 
purchased  of  \Ym.  Shergall,"  to  his  elder  son 
Christopher  ;  while  his  son  William  was  to 
inherit  "all  my  Collidge  Lease  and  the  three 
tenements  thereby  demised  being  in  King 
streete,  Westminster."  The  Eastcott  pro- 
perty is  now  in  Easterton,  which  was  formed 
in  1875  from  the  parish  of  Market  Lavington, 
and  the  name  Shergall  still  survives  (as 
"  Shergold  ")  in  the  village. 

William  Talman,  the  son,  purchased  the 
manor  of  Felmingham,  in  Xorfolk,  where  he 
died.  His  will,  dated  18  October,  1719,  with 
a  codicil  dated  22  Xovember  following,  was 
proved  by  his  widow  Hannah  on  10  February. 
1719/20  (P.C.C.  44,  Shaller).  Therein  he 
bequeathed  to  his  eldest  son  John  his  estate 
in  the  Xew  Itiver,  his  chambers  in  Gray's 
Inn  (for  life),  and  all  his  collections  of  draw- 
ings, prints,  and  books.  He  had  also  paid  off 
the  mortgage  on  the  Hinxworth  estate  upon 
his  son's  marriage  (between  3  July,  1716,. 
and  18  October,  1719)  with  Frances,  second 
daughter  of  John  Cockayne,  of  that  place. 
He  directed  "  all  and  every  my  Potts  and 
Statues  "to  be  sold  towards  the  payment  of 
debts  and  legacies. 

His  eldest  son,  John  Talman,  F.S.A.,  made 
his  will  on  7  March,  1719/20,  as  of  Hinxworth,. 
Herts,  and  he  desired  to  be  buried  in  the 
chancel  of  the  church,  on  the  south  side  of 
the  altar.  His  collections  of  "drawings, 
bookes,  and  prints  bound  or  in  portefoglio's 
relateiug  to  Ecclesiasticall  buildings  and 


104 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     UO«-S.III.FEJ,  11,1905. 


Ornaments,"  were  originally  bequeathed  by 
him  to  Trinity  College,  Cambridge ;  but, 
shortly  before  his  death,  increases  in  his 
family  obliged  him  to  revoke  this  bequest 
(by  codicil,  signed  4  August,  1726),  and  order 
the  collections  to  be  sold.  His  will  was 
proved  on  9  February,  1726/7,  by  his  widow 
Frances  (P.C.C.  53,  Farrant). 

Clutterbuck  (iii.  529-30)  and  Cussans 
('Odsey  Hundred,'  p.  12)  give  the  inscrip- 
tions to  John  and  Frances  Talman,  on  slabs 
on  the  floor  of  the  chancel  of  Hinxworth 
Church,  as  follows  : — 

"  Here  lyes  the  Body  of  John  Talman,  a  person 
of  excellent  learning  and  strict  religion  and 
honesty,  who  spent  near  twenty  years  in  Travels 
through  France,  Germany,  and  Italy,  in  which 
time  he  made  a  fine  collection  of  the  most  curious 
paintings  and  drawings  of  the  noblest  buildings 
and  curiosities  in  those  Countrys  :  upon  his  return 
into  England  he  married  Frances,  the  daughter  of 
John  Cockayn,  of  this  parish,  Gent,  and  had  by 
her  six  children,  four  [.sic]  of  which  survived  him, 
viz.,  Frances,  Anne,  Mary,  John,  and  Elizabeth. 
He  departed  this  life  the  3rd  of  November,  1726, 
much  lamented  by  all  gentlemen  of  his  acquaint- 
ance, aged  40  years." 

"Frances,  relict  of  John  Talman,  Esqrc,  died 
March  22nd,  1732,  aged  46  years.  Her  body  lyeth 
buried  by  her  said  husband." 

GORDON  GOODWIN. 


SUFFERINGS  OF  TROOPS  IN  WINTER. 
(See  ante,  p.  21.) 

THE  following  are  some  further  extracts 
from  General  Maxwell's  letters  from  the 
Crimea.  They  give  interesting  particulars 
as  to  the  much  improved  conditions  under 
which  the  army  had  to  face  the  second 
.winter  of  the  siege  : — 

Camp  [before  Sebastopol], 

1  July,  1S55. 

Long  before  this  you  will  have  heard  of  our  lass 
in  poor  old  Raglan's  death.  A  better  loved  man 
never  was — whether  or  not  he  was  a  great  General 
I  know  not ;  but  his  death  is  a  most  undoubted  loss 
to  this  army.  I  have  no  doubt  that  our  failure  of 
the  18th  June*  had  a  good  deal  to  say  to  his  death, 
as  any  depression  of  spirits  is  much  against  a  man 
attacked  with  the  prevailing  complaint  here.  Who 
will  succeed  him  no  one  can  tell.  In  the  meantime 
Simpson  commands.  We  are  working  away,  both 
the  French  and  ourselves,  making  fresh  batteries  to 
try  and  catch  the  ships  in  the  harbour.  It  is  not  a 
harbour,  but  more  like  our  Scotch  lochs,  about  a 
mile  wide.  If  we  could  destroy  the  shipping  it 
would  be  a  great  point  gained.  What  our  future 
plans  are  to  be  I  cannot  tell — I  suppose  another 
bombardment  and  then  an  assault.  Our  Brigade 
will  have  its  turn  next  time:  we  were  most  fortunate 
last  time  in  haying  had  splendid  cover,  and  not  a 
man  hit.  I  begin  to  look  forward  to  another  winter 
here  with  dread  :  it  is  indeed  a  dismal  look  out. 

*  The  assault  on  the  Redan,  IS  June,  1855. 


We  shall  be  well  found  in  everything,  which  will 
make  it  more  bearable  than  last  winter ;  but  those 
trenches  in  winter  nothing  can  make  bearable. 
Something  favourable  may  turn  up  for  us  in  the 
meantime.  We  are  all  heartily  tired  of  the  siege, 
as  you  may  well  fancy.  The  Russians  must  be  more 
tired  of  it  than  we  are,  that 's  one  comfort.  The 
Mail  arrived  to-day ;  no  letter  from  home.  No 
news  is  good  news.  Poor  old  Lord  Raglan's  body 
is  to  be  put  on  board  ship  to-morrow.  A  funeral 
procession  of  French  and  English  is  to  do  the 
honours  to  the  poor  old  man.  Report  says  that  we 
niay  expect  a  fight  soon  in  the  country.  Our  cavalry, 
it  is  said,  are  to  move  out  on  Wednesday.  This  is 
Monday,  high  time  for  the  plungers  to  do  some- 
thing, for  the  working  parts  of  the  army  hold  them 
very  cheap  indeed,  altnough  I  suppose  they  will  do 
their  work  when  called  on,  and  the  sooner  that  is 
the  better. 

Coddrington*  will  do,  I  think.  I  would  rather 
have  had  Sir  Colinf  if  the  war  goes  on.  Next  spring 
will  see  some  work  done.  Don't  believe  the  news- 
paper accounts  of  drunkenness.  There  is  too  much, 
but  it  is  not  nearly  so  bad  as  they  make  out.  I 
have  had  for  the  last  three  months  on  an  average 
450  men  in  camp.  In  that  time  115  cases  of  drunken- 
ness have  been  brought  before  me— rather  more 
than  1  a  day  out  of  450  men.  There  is  no  passing 
cases  over ;  every  man  who  comes  home  drunk  is 
punished. 

Camp,  24  December,  1855. 

I  suppose  you  see  by  my  letters  that  we  are  all 
getting  on  famously  now,  the  men  well  fed,  clothed, 
easily  worked,  and  very  well.  Long  may  it  last ! 
About  a  third  of  the  army  is  still  under  canvas,  and 
must  remain  so  for  the  rest  of  the  winter  ;  but  the 
men  in  tents  have  double  tents  and  wooden  floors 
to  keep  them  off  the  damp  ground,  so  they  are  not 
to  be  pitied.  Most  of  the  officers  have  built 
tolerably  comfortable  huts  for  themselves.  Govern- 
ment have  given  us  none,  as  we  were  led  to  expect. 
Guessing  as  much,  I  encouraged  the  officers  to 
build  for  themselves,  giving  them  every  assistance. 
The  consequence  is  that  they  are  mostly  housed, 
and  very  comfortable  the  houses  are.  VVe  get 
supplies  enough  now,  paying  enormous  prices  for 
everything,  especially  at  this  time ;  but  they  must 
be  had.  Our  weather  hitherto — on  the  state  of 
which  so  much  of  our  comfort  depends— has  been 
very  fine.  Of  late  we  have  had  the  thermometer  as 
low  as  6  below  zero,  but  it  is  healthy  weather ; 
although  too  cold  for  pleasure,  it  is  better  than  wet. 
We  are  looking  out  for  some  more  promotions 
coming  out.  The  last  Brevet  did  nothing  for  not 
the  least  deserving  men  in  the  army — the  command- 
ing officers  of  regiments — and  we  all  confidently 
expect  something  to  be  done  for  us. 

Camp,  4  February.  1856. 

What  do  you  all  think  about  this  peace  ?  The  first 
accounts  we  received  took  us  all  by  surprise,  and  gave 
universal  satisfaction  here — with  a  few  exceptions 
every  one  was  pleased,  all  being  tired  of  the  war. 
I  must  confess  that  my  first  feeling  was  of  sorrow 
when  I  heard  that  peace  was  to  be.  "Our  occu- 
pation's gone,"  was  my  thought.  I  thought  of  self 
first,  but  I  soon  changed  my  mind,  and  if  peace  is 


*  Sir  Wm.  Codrington,  K.C.B.,  who  succeeded 
i  James  Simpson  as  Commander-in-Chief. 
t  Sir  Colin  Campbell,  afterwards  Lord  Clyde. 


s.  iii.  FEB.  11, 1905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


105- 


established.  I  shall  be  as  glad  as  my  neighbours. 
We  should  have  had  a  splendid  army — about 
70,000  English — in  tip-top  order,  besides  Turkish 
contingent  and  Germans.  We  were  busy  looking 
to  our  men's  appointments,  &c.,  to  be  ready  for  the 
field,  and  are  so  still ;  but  can't  enter  into  the  spirit 
of  the  thing,  knowing  that  it  will  be  of  no  use.  We 
may  have  one  more  campaign,  and,  if  so,  you  will 
see  what  our  arms  can  do.  If  one  only  reflects  on 
the  dreadful  waste  of  life  caused  by  war,  he  never 
would  wish  for  its  prolongation.  For  instance, 
take  the  case  of  the  46th  Regiment : — 

Men 
Left  England  from  first  to  last  (exclusive  of 

officers) 1,287 

Died  in  camp          270 

In  hospital  at  Scutari      288 

Invalided  to  England  (many  of 

whom  died)     185 

752  752 

Our  present  strength     535 

And  there  are  many  regiments  have  been  as  much 
cut  up— a  sad  waste  of  life,  so  the  sooner  it  is  over 
the  better. 

T.  F.  D. 

THE  PROPOSED  TEMPLE  BRIDGE  AND  COUNTY 
HALL. — The  much-discussed  proposal  of  Mr. 
Bennett  to  build  a  new  bridge  across  the 
Thames  east  of  Somerset  House,  and  erect 
thereon  an  arcaded  building  to  accommodate 
the  London  County  Council  and  its  staff,  has 
not  as  yet  been  recorded  in  these  pages.  The 
principal  features  of  the  structure  are  to  be 
its  fine  hall,  a  tower  rising  445  ft.  from  the 
bridge,  and  the  entire  use  of  its  roadway  for 
electric  trams,  &c.,  with  footpaths  on  either 
side. 

The  whole  suggestion  has  been  described 
in  some  detail  and  illustrated  in  The  Daily 
Graphic,  7  January,  Daily  Chronicle  and 
Morning  Leader,  9  January. 

Mr.  Bennett  refers  to  old  London  Bridge 
and  the  existing  Ponte  Yecchio  at  Florence 
as  suggestions  of  this  ambitious  scheme,  but 
he  apparently  quite  overlooked  the  proposal 
brought  forward  by  Mr.  Thomas  Mosley, 
civil  engineer,  of  Bristol,  who  in  1843 
suggested  improving  Waterloo  Bridge  in 
almost  an  identical  manner.  The  Pictorial 
Times  for  5  August,  1843,  contains  three 
excellent  illustrations  and  a  long  explanatory 
note  of  the  idea  : — 

"  The  first  sketch  represents  the  elevation  of  a 
structure  proposed  and  designed  by  Mr.  Thomas 

Mosley to^be  erected  over  the  whole  length  and 

breadth  of  Waterloo  Bridge,  constituting  a  room  or 

gallery with  an  uninterrupted  promenade  in  the 

middle  of  the  room  the  whole  length  of  the  building. 
It  is  also  proposed  to  construct  a  conservatory  over 
the  room  extending  the  length  of  the  three  centre 

arches The     fabric   will    be   supported   either 

entirely  by  cast-iron  pillars   and  arches  or  by  a 


combination  of   stone   and   iron The   room   or 

gallery  is  proposed  to  be  appropriated  to  the 
exhibition  and  sale  of  works  of  art,  scienae,  and 
literature,  from  all  parts  of  the  world,  and  to  be 
denominated  the  European  Universal  Gallery  [•««:]. 

The  undertaking  is  an  extensive  one ;  but  as 

the  bridge  has  hitherto,  in  a  monetary  point  of 
view,  been  a  failure,  it  is  more  than  probame  that 
the  projected  change  will  be  made,  since  the  rent 
of  the  proposed  arcade  would  be  a  source  of 
permanent  revenue.'1 

The  design  was  submitted  to  Prince  Albert,, 
but  it  did  not  advance  beyond  the  discussion 
stage.  Probably  it  was  too  bold  an  under- 
taking for  the  times.  ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

RECENT  FINDS  IN  WESTMINSTER.  —  The 
whole  of  the  district  in  the  immediate 
neighbourhood  of  the  Abbey  is  of  much 
interest,  but  perhaps  Great  College  Street 
and  some  of  the  adjacent  streets  nave  the 
greatest  claim  upon  our  attention,  for  there- 
abouts have  been  found,  at  different  times,, 
many  evidences  clearly  bringing  out  the 
antiquity  of  this  spot.  The  hand  of  the 
spoiler  has  been  sadly  felt  here,  and  to  all 
appearance  will,  in  the  near  future,  be  laid 
heavily  upon  it  again.  In  my  various  notes 
on  'Westminster  Changes'  I  have  alluded 
to  much  that  has  been  begun,  and  the  shoring- 
up  of  other  houses  indicates  that  much  more 
is  intended.  I  now  wish  merely  to  call 
attention  to  some  of  the  relics  of  the  past 
found  in  the  small  area  bounded  by  Tuftort 
Street  (a  portion  of  which  was  long  known 
as  Bowling  Street,  and  yet  earlier  as  Bowling. 
Alley)  on  the  west,  the  mill-stream  or  Great 
College  Street  (which  figures  on  so  many 
old  maps  as  the  "  Dead  Wall ")  on  the  north., 
and  Barton  Street  on  the  east.  This  plot  of 
ground  had  upon  it  many  houses,  in  two 
blocks,  divided  by  a  little  court  or  alley,  now- 
done  away  with  and  built  over,  known  as 
Black  Dog  Alley  (see  10th  S.  ii.  5,  118,  174). 
Most  of  the  houses  were  of  reputed  eighteenth- 
century  work,  although  experts  haveexpressed 
an  opinion  that  there  were  traces  in  some  of 
them  pointing  to  a  seventeenth  -  century 
origin.  This  space  of  ground  has  been 
cleared,  and  upon  it  have  been  erected  a 
house  for  the  Cowley  Fathers,  and  a  building 
to  be  utilized  by  Westminster  School.  The 
old  mill-stream  formerly  meandered  along 
the  line  of  Great  College  Street,  and  during 
recent  excavations  traces  were  noticed  of  a 
brick  culvert  or  bridge;  and  in  what  was 
formerly  the  course  of  the  stream  were  dis- 
covered a  variety  of  small  articles,  while 
others  were  found  within  a  score  of  feet 
thereof.  These  were  shown  at  a  recent 
meeting  of  the  Architectural  Association  by 
Mr.  E.  Prioleau  \Yarren,  who  had  prepared 


106 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io«-  s.  m.  FKB.  n,  1005. 


a  paper  on  them,  but  on  account  of  his  illness 
it  had  to  be  read  for  him.  There  were  several 
pieces  of  pottery,  some  spoons,  knives,  and 
a  few  glass  bottles.  Some  of  the  spoons  were 
•of  pewter,  others  of  brass.  Upon  a  few 
were  initials,  one  being  marked  with  "S.  G.," 
and  another  with  "  H."  To  these  the  date  of 
the  middle  of  the  seventeenth  century  has 
been  assigned.  One  is  marked  with  "  T.  S.," 
and  is  thought  to  belong  to  the  period 
1680-90.  The  knives  were  considered  to 
belong  mostly  to  the  seventeenth  century, 
but  one  is,  not  improbably,  of  an  earlier 
•date.  The  author  of  the  paper  bought  a 
"greybeard"  jug,  which  when  purchased 
was  corked  down,  and  when  opened  was 
found  to  contain  a  variety  of  small  articles  ; 
and  he  says  that  he  has  little  doubt  "  as  to 
the  nature  of  this  deposit  inside  a  corked 
jug,  found  in  the  clay  of  the  mill-stream 
bank."  The  articles  were  "  a  small  piece  of 
•cloth  or  serge— formerly  red— of  the  shape 
of  a  heart,  and  stuck  full  of  round-headed 
brass  pins,  a  small  quantity  of  supposed 
human  hair,  and  some  clippings  of  finger- 
nails." Mr.  Warren  thinks  that  they  con- 
stituted a  "malevolent  charm,"  the  intended 
victim  of  which  was  most  likely  a  woman. 
These  old-world  relics  are  of  vast  interest, 
but  probably  the  most  interesting  was  a 
portion  of  the  shrine  of  St.  Edward,  which 
it  is  supposed  was  carried  away  at  the  time 
of  the  Reformation.  It  is  pleasing  to  be 
able  to  record,  upon  the  authority  of  the 
Dean  of  Westminster,  that  this  fragment 
has  been  restored  to  the  Abbey  authorities. 

For  the  particulars  here  given  I  am 
indebted  to  Mr.  Reuben  Vlrich,  who  was 
present  at  the^meeting,  and  I  thought  the 
matter  of  sufficient  interest  for  preservation 
in  <N.  &.Q.'  W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY. 

Westminster. 

SHAP,  WESTMORLAND.— I  beg  to  point  out 
to  Mr.  R.  D.  Trimmer  and  Mr.  0.  G.  Crump 
<see  '  Calendar  of  Charter  Rolls,'  1903,  i.  594), 
to  Father  Gasquet  (see  Transactions  Royal 
Historical  Society,  xvii.  3,  and  '  Collectanea 
Anglo-Prsemonstratensia,'  i.  viii.),  and  to  all 
others  whom  it  may  concern,  that  the  village 
and  abbey  of  Shap  are  in  the  county  \of 
Westmorland.  As  a  matter  of  fact  they  are 
at  least  six  miles  from  the  nearest  point  in 
Cumberland,  to  which  county  they  are 
ascribed  by  the  gentlemen  in  question. 
There  seems  no  adequate  reason  for  depriv- 
ing Westmorland  of  the  only  monastery  it 
possesses.  Q.  V. 

FRANCIS  BACON  :  SINGULAR  ADDRESS.— My 
attention  has  been  drawn  to  the  following 


singular  address  to  Bacon,  which  appears  on 
the  third  leaf  of  '  The  Attourney's  Academy,' 
by  Thomas  Powell,  third  edition,  4to,  1030  :  — 

"  To  true  Nobility  and  Tryde  Learning,  beholden 
to  no  Mountaine  for  Eminence,  nor  supportment 
for  his  Height,  Francis,  Lord  Verulam,  and 
Viscount  St.  Albanes. 

0  give  me  leave  to  pull  the  Curtaine  by, 
That  clouds  thy  worth  in  such  obscurity, 
Good  Seneca,  stay  but  a  while  thy  bleeding 
T'  accept  what  I  received  at  thy  Reading : 
Here  I  present  it  in  a  solemne  straine, 

And  thus  I  pluckt  the  Curtayne  back  agaiue. 
The  same 

Thomas  Powell." 

1  do  not  think  that  this  passage  has  yet  been 
used  by  any  of  the  Bacon-Shakespeare  advo- 
cates, though  it  is  pretty  sure  to  be  no%v 
seized  upon  by  them.    I  do  not  myself  think 
that  it  lends  any  fresh  support  to  their  cause, 
though  it  may,  no  doubt,  be  so  handled  as  to 
seem  to  do  so.     Powell  has  other  dedications 
or  addresses  couched  in  somewhat  similarly 
mysterious  terms,  so  that  we  need  not  lay  too 
much  stress  upon  this  one.     As  I  conceive, 
the  lines  mean  no  more  than  that  Powell, 
considering  that  Bacon,   like    Seneca,   was 
unjustly  degraded  and  punished,  offers  him 
the  assurance  of  his  gratitude  for  the  instruc- 
tion which  he  had  received  from  him,  either 
orally  or  from  his  writings ;  and  also  expresses 
his  unabated  faith  in  the  worth  and  integrity 
of  his  preceptor.      But  I  am  not  sanguine 
enough  to  hope  that  so  simple  an  explana- 
tion as  this  will  be  accepted  by  the  Baconians. 

BERTRAM  DOBELL. 

THE  CHINOOK  JARGON.— In  most  parts  of 
the  world,  where  Englishmen  come  into 
regular  contact  with  native  races,  some  form 
of  mixed  language  springs  up  as  a  means  of 
communication.  Pidgin  English  is  the  best 
known,  and  has  been  exhaustively  illustrated 
by  Leland  in  his  'Pidgin  English  Sing-Song.' 
Even  more  curious  is  the  Chinook  Jargon, 
which  has  been  an  object  of  interest  to 
philologists  for  a  century;  but  it  is  only  since 
the  discovery  of  gold  in  the  Yukon  territory 
that  it  has  penetrated  to  any  extent  into  our 
literature.  Our  dictionaries  have  not  as  yet 
included  much  Chinook— only  a  few  botanical 
terms,  names  of  roots  and  fruits,  such  as 
camas,2)owitch,iva2)p&too.  The  general  reader, 
however,  now  finds  Chinook  words,  not  only 
in  works  of  travel,  but  especially  in  the  con- 
stantly swelling  volume  of  fiction  written 
around  the  Klondyke.  There  is  one  novel 
with  a  Chinook  title,  '  The  Chicamon  Stone,' 
by  C.  Phillipps-Wolley,  chicamon  being  the 
jargon  word  for  "gold."  And  I  cherish  the 
memories  of  at  least  two  heroines  with 
Chinook  names,  viz.,  Jack  London's  Tenas 


s.  m.  FEB.  ii,  i90o.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


107 


Hee-hee  ("Little  Laughter")  and  Elizabeth 
Robins's  Princess  Muckluck.  One  need  only 
turn  over  the  fine  stories  of  these  two  authors 
to  become  quite  learned  in  the  jargon.  One 
favourite  expression  is  che-cha-quo,  as  London 
writes  it,  although  it  is  really  two  words, 
and  not  three  (eke,  new,  and  chaquo,  come). 
Elizabeth  Robins  spells  it  c/ieckalko,  where 
the  I  is  intended  to  be  silent,  and  she  often 
uses  it  attributively,  e.g.,  "chechalko  boots" 
('  Magnetic  Xorth,'p.  31),  "  checJialko  persons," 
&c.  It  means  a  greenhorn,  new-comer,  tender- 
foot, the  "griffin  "  of  Anglo-Indians.  Potlach 
is  a  gift,  the  "curashaw"  of  Pidgin  English. 
Puck-a-puck  is  a  fight,  and  muck-a-muck  means 
food  generally,  corresponding  to  Pidgin  Eng- 
lish chow-chow.  Turn-turn  is  the  heart,  and, 
according  to  Mr.  Hale,  is  intended  to  repre- 
sent its  beating,  but  we  have  a  shrewd  sus- 
picion that  it  is  just  our  own  "tummy." 
tiiwash,  a  term  applied  to  Indians  of  different 
tribes,  is  said  to  be  from  the  French  sauvaye. 
There  are  several  Russian  and  Siberian  words 
still  current  in  Alaska,  relics  of  the  Russian 
occupation.  Our  novelists  use  bidarra  (canoe), 
2wka  (fur  coat),  and  tundra  (moorlands), 
which  are  Russian,  while  shaman  (sorcerer) 
and  nerka  fa  kind  of  salmon)  are  Tunguse. 
JAMES  PLATT,  Jun. 


WK  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  sent  to  them 
direct. 

"MASKYLL." — In  a  petition  of  the  Commons 
dated  1432  ('Rolls  of  Parliament,'  iv.  405), 
which  complains  of  deterioration  in  the 
quality  of  the  wines  of  Saxony  and 
Guienne,  it  is  stated  that  these  wines 
had  formerly  not  more  than  four  or  five 
inches  of  lees  in  the  "tonne  maskyll,"  and 
three  or  four  inches  in  the  pipe.  What 
was  the  "tonne  maskyll"?  and  what  is  the 
etymology  of  the  distinguishing  epithet? 
Are  there  any  other  instances  in  which  this 
term  is  used,  either  in  English  or  in  any 
other  language  1  HEXRY  BRADLEY. 

Clarendon  Press,  Oxford. 

QUEEX  OF  DUXCAX  II.  —  Who  was  the 
Queen  of  King  Duncan  II.  of  Scotland,  d. 
1094]  It  has  been  very  generally  assumed 
that  King  Duncan  married  Ethelreda  of 
Duubar,  daughter  of  Earl  Gospatric  and 
sister  of  Waldef  I.  of  Allerdale.  The  autho- 
rity for  this  marriage  appears  to  be  a  docu- 
ment known  as  the  '  Cronicon  Cumbria?,'  of 


which  there  seem  to  be  three  versions.  The 
copy  in  Dugdale  has  the  following  paragraph 
relating  to  the  marriage  and  connexion  with 
Waldef  and  his  son  Alan  : — 

"Cui  Alauo  successit  Willelmus  films  Doncani, 
comes  de  Murreyse,  nepos  ipsius  Alani  et  hreres, 
procreatus  ex  Ethreda  sorore  Waldevi  patris  sui." 
— '  Monasticon,3  iii.  p.  585. 

The  .copy  in  Canon  Prescott's  'Register  of 
Wetheral  Priory '  has  not  got  the  final  words 
"  patris  sui,"  but  the  deed  by  Bain  from 
the  Tower  Records  has,  and  it  may  be  given 
here  as  it  is  practically  a  translation  : — 

"  And  William  FitzDuncan,  formerly  Earl  of 
Murreve  [Moray],  nephew  of  said  Alan,  begotten 
of  Ethelreda,  sister  of  his  father  Waldeve,  suc- 
ceeded to  Alan.1' — '  Calendar  of  Documents,'  ii.  p.  16. 

The  extraordinary  thing  is  that  Mr.  Bain 
overlooked  the  absurdity  of  the  document  or 
translation,  for  how  could  William  Fitz- 
Duncan— the  alleged  son  of  Alan's  aunt — be 
Alan's  nephew]  A  short  tabular  pedigree 
makes  the  point  more  clear: — 


Waldef 


Ethelreda 


Alan  William  FitzDuncan. 

But  there  is  another  confusing  point :  in 
the  Dugdale  and  Prescott  copies  of  the  docu- 
ment it  is  stated  that  Octreda,  i.e.  Ethelreda, 
married  Waldeve,  son  of  Gilmin.  It  there- 
fore seems  clear  that  the  '  Cronicon  Gumbrise ' 
must  not  be  trusted  where  it  is  not  corrobo- 
rated by  other  deeds.  A  further  instance 
of  its  untrustworthy  character  may  be  given. 
William  FitzDuncau  is  said  to  have  married 
Alice,  daughter  of  Robert  de  Rumely,  and 
the  editors  of  '  Scottish  Kings '  and  the '  Scots 
Peerage '  have  been  misled  into  adopting  that 
view.  But  Alice  de  Rumeli  in  her  charter  to 
St.  Bees  gives  her  father's  name  as  William 
Meschin. 

It  appears  to  me  extremely  doubtful  that 
King  Duncan  married  Ethelreda,  sister  of 
Waldef,  and  it  would  be  interesting  to  dis- 
cover the  name  of  his  queen.  The  fact  that 
Duncan  was  Earl  of  Moray  before  he  suc- 
ceeded to  the  throne  suggests  an  alliance 
between  him  and  the  daughter  of  Lulach  of 
Moray.  This  point  is  of  the  utmost  import- 
ance, and  curiously  enough  it  has  been  totally 
overlooked  by  Scots  genealogists.  The  mere 
fact  that  Duncan  was  Earl  of  Moray  settles 
the  real  origin  of  the  Morays,  for  the  identity 
of  Alexander  de  Moravia  (1089-1150),  the 
ancestor  of  the  Moray s  of  Skelbo  and  Culbin, 
can  no  longer  remain  uncertain.  He  was  be- 
yond doubt  son  of  Duncan,  and  identical  with 
Alexander,  the  nephew  of  King  Alexander, 
who  attested  the  foundation  charter  of  Scone 


108 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,      cio*  s.  m.  FEB.  n,  1905. 


in  1116.  Alexander  de  Moravia  evidently 
held  out  against  King  Alexander  in  Suther- 
land, the  country  of  his  grandmother  Ingi- 
biorg.  Sir  .Robert  Gordon,  in  his  original 
MS.  of  the  'Earldom  of  Sutherland,'  makes 
an  Alexander  first  of  the  family,  and  there 
can  be  little  doubt  that  Alexander  de  Moravia 
was  lord  of  Sutherland,  because  about  120C 
Hugh  Freskin  conveyed  half  of  Sutherland 
to  St.  Gilbert,  who  gave  the  lands  to  his 
brother  Sir  Richard  de  Moravia,  of  Skelbo 
and  Culbin.  As  St.  Gilbert  and  Sir  Richard 
were  grandsons  of  Alexander,  the  princely 
gift  can  only  be  explained  on  the  ground 
that  they  had  some  hereditary  right  to  the 
district.  As  most  of  the  great  houses  oi 
Murray*  descend  from  Skelbo  and  Culbin  it 
would  be  well  to  ascertain  further  proof  of 
the  latter's  descent  from  Duncan,  as  well  as 
the  real  name  of  Duncan's  queen. 

D.  M.  R. 

FRANC-ISCUS  DE  PLATEA.  —  There  is  an 
edition  of  the  '  Explanatio  in  Psalterium  '  by 
Turrecremata,  of  which  Zapf  has  given  an 
account.  It  is  also  noticed  by  General 
Hawkins  in  his  work  on  early  printing.  It 
bears  the  imprint  Craca.  The  British 
Museum  has  recently  acquired  another  book 
— viz.,  Franciscus  de  Platea,  'Restitutiones,' 
&c. — printed  in  the  same  types  as  the 
'  Explanatio.'  _  It  bears  the  date  1475,  but 
no  place  of  printing,  and  it  has  a  watermark, 
the  cross-keys  looped,  found  in  books  printed 
in^Poland.  At  the  end  of  the  work  are  two 
shields  exactly  similar  in  form  to  those  used 
by  Peter  Schoeffer.  The  dexter  shield  bears 
the  letters  I  H  C,  the  sinister  the  single  initial 
M.  Can  any  reader  inform  me  what  these 
letters  stand  for  1  I  am  much  interested  in 
finding  out.  S.  J.  ALDEICH. 

MR.  FRASER  RAE  AND  JUNITJS.— The  late 
Mr.  Fraser  Rae  was,  as  is  well  known, 
a  persistent  investigator  of  the  mystery 
surrounding  the  authorship  of  the  Junius 
letters.  Though  he  succeeded  in  putting 
some  of  the  suspects  out  of  court,  he  added 
others,  and  so  left  the  question  in  the  same 
perplexing  obscurity.  Lately  in  conversation 
he  hinted  that  he  knew  who  the  writer  of  the 
letters  was,  but  when  asked  why  he  did  not 
disclose  the  fact  he  replied,  "  That 's  a  card  I 
mean  to  keep  up  my  sleeve."  Among  the 
papers  Mr.  Rae  left  behind  him,  can  any 
confirmation  be  found  for  the  above  state- 
ment ?  T 

Bath. 

JOSEPH  WILFRED  PARKINS.— Can  any  of 
your  readers  tell  me  when  this  gentleman 
died,  and  where  he  was  buried  ?  In  his  day 


Joseph  Parkins  was  a  notorious  character. 
He  was  elected  Sheriff  of  London  in 
1819,  and  at  the  end  of  his  term  of  office 
was  censured  by  the  Court  of  Common 
Council.  Henceforth  he  was  always  known 
as  "  the  Ex,"  or  the  "  XXX  Sheriff."  For 
some  time  he  was  the  champion  of  Olive, 
"  Princess  of  Cumberland,"  and  he  was  also 
on  the  side  of  Queen  Caroline.  During  the 
Fauntleroy  sensation  he  was  very  prominent. 
In  1825  he  came  forward  as  a  candidate  for 
Carlisle.  For  many  years  the  London  papers 
were  full  of  his  letters.  Once  he  thrashed 
the  editor  of  The  Morning  Herald  ;  he  engaged 
in  fisticuffs  frequently  with  those  who 
differed  from  him ;  he  often  appeared  in  the 
law  courts.  When  did  this  remarkable  man 
die  ?  H.  W.  B. 

LOCAL  '  NOTES  AND  QUERIES.'  —  Your 
American  readers  would  often  be  assisted 
in  making  researches  upon  English  topics  if 
there  was  available  a  fairly  complete  list  of 
English  local  Notes  and  Queries,  including 
not  only  separate  periodicals,  properly  so 
designated,  but  the  names  of  newspapers 
conducting  'Xotes  and  Queries'  columns. 
The  list  should  give  the  usual  bibliographical 
information  as  to  style  and  place  of  publica- 
tion, date  commenced,  and  date  discontinued, 
if  no  longer  current.  I  should  like  to  see 
some  attempts  made,  with  the  Editor's  per- 
mission, to  compile  such  a  list. 

EUGENE  F.  McPiKE. 
Chicago,  U.S. 

[Lists  appeared  8"1  S.  ii.  423,  509,  and  a  correction 
at  iii.  73.  The  demands  on  our  space  prevent  us 
from  reprinting  those  lists,  but  room  may  be  found 
for  supplementary  contributions,  such  as  Yorkshire. 
Notes  and  Queries,  noticed  10th  S.  i.  320.] 

"  CARENTINILLA."  —  This  word,  correctly 
rendered  "  canvas  "  by  Trice-Martin's  'Record 
Interpreter '  (it  is  not  in  Du  Cange),  occurs 
not  infrequently  in  English  documents,  as 
the  material  for  "  wool-sheets."  Was  it  an 
English  fabric  ?  The  distinctive  part  of  the 
name  is  clearly  derived  from  quadraainta  ; 
but  does  it  mean  that  there  were  forty  threads 
to  the  inch,  or  forty  to  the  nail  ?  Q.  V. 

GOLD  v.  SILVER. — Do  the  relative  quantities 
of  gold  and  silver  known  to  exist  correspond 
approximately  to  the  relative  conventional 
values  of  those  metals  ?  A.  S.  P. 

'  GOD  SAVE  THE  KING.' — I  desire  a  referen  c  e 
to  what  appeared  to  be  an  authoritative  pro- 
nouncement, in  the  form  of  an  official  letter, 
in  the  public  prints  of  1901  or  1902,  as  to  the 
roper  rendering  of  the  opening  lines  of 
PGod  save  the  King.'  Is  the  right  version 


io*  8.  in.  FEB.  11, 1905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


109 


that  with  "  noble "  in  the  first  two  lines,  as 
superseding  the  "  gracious "  which  was 
adopted  through  the  reign  of  Queen  Victoria  ? 
I  think  so,  but  have  not  found  the  published 
letter  above  named.  W.  B.  H. 

GEORGE  VILLIERS,  DUKE  OF  BUCKINGHAM, 
was  assassinated  at  Portsmouth  by  John 
Felton  on  23  August,  1628.  Charles  I.,  being 
then  at  Southwick  (about  six  miles^  from 
Portsmouth),  the  seat  of  Sir  Daniel  Norton, 
had  notice  of  the  event  sent  to  him. 

Is  it  known  who  took  that  notice  to  the 
king  ?  and  if  so,  who  was  he  1  C.  MASON. 

29,  Emperor's  Gate,  S.W. 

WILLIAM  SYMSON.  —  I  possess  a  copy  of 
4  The  Christian  Synagogue,'  by  John  Weemse, 
of  Lathoquar,  1623.  In  this  volume  an  intro- 
ductory letter  is  signed  William  Symson. 
Will  any  one  kindly  tell  me  who  he  was  and 
where  an  account  of  him  may  be  found  ? 

W.  S. 

AUTHOR  OF  QUOTATION  WANTED.— 
"  There  never  was  anything  by  the  wit  of  man 
so  well  devised  or  so  sure  established  which  in  con- 
tinuance of  time  hath  not  been  corrupted." 

W.  T.  L. 
[Part  of  the  Preface  to  the  Prayer  Book.] 

"LAMB"  IN  PLACE  -  NAMES.  —  Would  any 
reader  be  kind  enough  to  give  me  informa- 
tion on  this  subject  ?  I  am  already  aware 
that  there  is  a  Lamb-ley  in  Northumber- 
land and  in  Notts  ;  a  Lambs-ley  in  the  Isle 
of  Wight ;  a  Lamb-(b)rook  in  Somerset ;  and 
a  Lamb-(b)ourn  and  a  Lamb-wood  in  Berks, 
tfcc.  But  I  should  be  glad  to  know  of  other 
instances,  especially  of  a  Lamb-hill,  Lamb- 
well  or  Lambs- well,  or  of  a  Lamb-spring. 

"Well"'  and  "spring"  not  infrequently 
occur  in  place-names,  but  I  have  never  come 
across  (in  England)  a  Lambs-well  or  a  Lamb- 
spring.  Though  beside  the  point  rather,  I 
may  add  that  there  is  an  interesting  inn 
sign  at  Frome,  in  Somerset,  called,  not  "  The 
Lamb  and  Flag,"  but  "The  Lamb  and 
Fountain."  B.  W. 

Fort  Augustus. 

FITZ  WARINE  FAMILY.  —  It  is  generally 
accepted  that  Warine,  founder  of  the  baronial 
house  of  Fitz  Warine,  was  a  member  of  the 
ruling  family  of  Lorraine.  If,  as  seems  pro- 
bable, and  as  Eyton  suggests,  he  is  identical 
with  Warine  the  Sheriff,  from  the  charters 
in  Dugdale's  '  Monasticon,'  he  had  a  brother 
named  Reginald,  and  a  son  named  Hugh.  As 
he  must  be  considered  the  patriarch  of  the 
Quarterly  per  fesse  indented  cult  in  armorial 
descent,  it  is  a  question  of  interest  to  defi- 
nitely ascertain  his  parentage.  Perhaps  some 


of  his  descendants   who  are  more  familiar 
with  early  continental  pedigrees  than  I  am 
may  be  able  to  assist.        H.  R.  LEIGHTON. 
East  Boldon  R.S.O.,  Durham. 

MIDDLETON. — The  claim,  under  this  family 
name,  in  re  the  late  New  River  Company,  is 
indisputable ;  but  Stow  tells  of  a  John  Mid- 
dleton  who  brought  a  water  supply  from 
Highbury  to  Cripplegate  about  1483.  Is  this 
worthy  recorded  historically  ?  A.  H. 

"  WHEN  OUR  DEAR  OLD  CATHOLIC  FATHERS." 
— About  forty  years  ago  a  song  was  common 
in  Liverpool  and  district  having  the  refrain, 
"  When  our  dear  old  Catholic  fathers  ruled  in 
Ireland  long  time  ago,"  or  words  to  that 
effect.  What  was  the  poem  ]  or  in  what 
book  may  a  copy  of  it  be  seen  1  C.  W. 

"On!  THE  PILGRIMS  OF  ZiON."— Can  any 
of  your  readers  inform  me  if  the  following, 
which  appears  in  the  commencement  of 
'The  Wages  of  Sin,'  by  Lucas  Malet,  is  by 
her,  or  only  quoted  ? 

Oh  !  the  pilgrims  of  Zion  will  find  a  sure  rest ; 
Shout  to  the  Lord  of  glory  ! 

Like  tired  birds  in  a  swinging  nest, 

They'll  be  cradled  to  sleep  on  Abraham's  breast. 
Shout  to  the  Lord  of  glory  ! 

I  asked  the  question  at  9th  S.  x.  408,  but 
failed  to  receive  a  reply.  E.  M.  SOTHEBY. 

"MAY  VIRTUE  ALL  THY  PATHS  ATTEND." — 

Will  any  of  your  readers  kindly  inform  us, 
directly  if  possible,  who  wrote  a  short  poem 
commencing  with  this  line,  and  in  what 
work  it  can  be  found  ? 

L.  STANLEY  JAST,  Chief  Librarian. 
Croydon  Public  Libraries. 


HOLYROOD  FONT. 

(10th  S.  iii.  30.) 

PROBABLY  no  more  definite  information  as 
to  this  font  exists,  or  is  obtainable,  than  was 
brought  together  in  a  contribution  to  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Scotland  by  Wil- 
liam Galloway,  architect,  which  appears  on 
pp.  287-302  of  the  first  volume  of  the  new 
series  of  their  Proceedings,  1878-9.  He  nar- 
rates the  accredited  gift  of  "  the  gret  brasyn 
fount"  by  Abbot  Bellenden  to  Holyrood 
Abbey  towards  the  close  of  the  fifteenth 
century  ;  its  being  carried  away,  with  other 
loot,  by  Sir  Richard  Lee,  of  Sopwell,  who 
accompanied  Hertford's  destructive  invasion 
of  Scotland  in  1544  ;  its  presentation  by  him 
to  the  parish  church  of  St.  Stephen  at  St. 
Albans  (along  with  the  brass  lectern,  still 


110 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io<»  s.  m.  F£C.  11, 1905. 


there,  which  was  looted  at  the  same  time) ; 
the  inscription  lie  put  upon  it  that,  originally 
designed  for  the  baptism  only  of  the  children 
of  kings,  it  now  offers  the  same  service  for 
the  meanest  of  the  English ;  and  its  ultimate 
melting  down  into  money  in  the  reign  of 
Charles  I.  during  the  Civil  Wars,  a  century 
later. 

There  appears  to  be  no  actual  description 
of  the  font.  It  is  variously  called  a  fair  font 
of  solid  brass,  a  very  noble  font  of  solid  brass, 
an  eminent  font  of  solid  brass,  and  a  curious 
work  of  gilded  brass.  J.  L.  ANDERSON. 

Edinburgh. 

The  following  is  from  a  paper  by  Mr. 
Galloway,  architect,  which  was  read  at  a 
meeting  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Antiquaries 
of  Scotland,  held  at  Edinburgh,  11  April, 
1879:— 

"Apart  from  any  conjectures  as  to  its  history, 
this  lectern  is  of  special  interest  as  being  the  only 
known  example  formerly  pertaining  to  Scotland 
which  has  escaped  the  disastrous  issues  of  civil 
and  religious  commotions.  Its  history  is  very  sin- 
gular. About  the  year  1750,  when  a  grave  was 
being  dug  in  the  chancel  of  St.  Stephen's  Church, 
St.  Albans,  Hertfordshire,  the  lectern  was  found 
buried  in  the  soil.  It  is  supposed  to  have  been 
thus  concealed  at  some  time  during  the  Civil  Wars. 
It  is  of  cast  brass,  and  of  a  handsome  design,  con- 
sisting of  an  eagle  with  expanded  wings  supported 
by  a  shaft  decorated  with  several  groups  of  mould- 
ings, partly  circular  and  partly  hexagonal.  The 
eagle  stands  upon  a  globe,  and  the  shaft  has  been 
originally  supported  on  three  feet,  which  are  now 
gone.  In  its  present  state  the  lectern  is  five  feet 
seven  inches  in  total  height.  It  bears  the  inscrip- 
tion, Oeorffius  Creichtoun,  Episcopus  Dunkeldensis. 
He  died  24th  January,  1543,  and  previous  to  his 
elevation  to  the  see  of  Dunkeld  he  had  been  Abbot 
of  Holyrood.  The  probability  therefore  is,  that  the 
lectern  had  been  presented  to  Holyrood  by  the 
Abbot  on  his  elevation  to  the  see  of  Dunkeld,  and 
that  it  was  taken  from  Holyrood  by  Sir  Richard 
Lee,  who  accompanied  the  Earl  of  Hertford  in  his 
invasion  of  Scotland  in  1543.  On  his  return,  Sir 
Richard  presented  to  the  parish  church  of  St. 
Albans  a  brazen  font  bearing  a  magniloquent  in- 
scription, to  the  effect  that  though  previously 
designed  for  the  baptism  only  of  the  children  of 
kings,  it  now,  in  gratitude  for  its  rescue  from  the 
fire  which  consumed  Edinburgh  and  Leith,  per- 
formed the  same  service  for  the  meanest  of  the 
English.  This  font,  which  was  doubtless  abstracted 
from  Holyrood,  is  no  longer  known  to  exist,  and 
there  seems  no  reason  to  doubt  that  the  lectern, 
which  was  saved  by  being  buried  during  the  Civil 
Wars,  was  abstracted  at  the  same  time,  and  given 
to  the  parish  church  of  St.  Albans  by  the  donor  of 
the  font." 

The  "gret  brasin  fownt"  is  said  to  have 
been  the  gift  of  Robert  Bellenden  when  he 
was  Abbot  of  Holyrood,  about  the  year  1490. 

W.  S. 

In  '  St.  Albans,  Historical  and  Picturesque,' 
by  Messrs.  Ashdown  and  Kitton  (1893),  will 


be  found  (p.  89)  the  following  reference  to 
this  font : — 

"  The  far-famed  brass  font  of  S.  Alban's  Abbey 
perished  in  the  Cromwellian  period.  Sir  Richard 
Lee  is  said  to  have  brought  away  as  spoil  from 
Scotland  a  richly  decorated  brass  font,  in  which 
the  children  of  the  Kings  of  Scotland  were  wont  to 
be  baptised,  and  it  was  presented  by  him  to  the 
Abbey  Church.  Camden,  who  published  his 
'  Britannia  '  in  1586,  speaks  of  this  font.  Norden 
mentions  it,  and  also  quotes  the  inscription  upon 
it ;  and  Weever  states  it  to  have  been  in  the 
church  in  his  time,  1631.  It  was  removed  during 
the  Civil  War  by  one  Hickman  (see  Newcpurt's 
'  Repertorium '),  an  ironmonger,  and  a  Justice  of 
the  Peace,  who,  in  his  Puritan  zeal,  probably 
smashed  it  and  converted  into  money  the  material 
of  which  it  was  made.  A  vyooden  one,  of  the  same 
shape  (see  Fuller's  'Worthies'),  supplied  its  place 
until  a  marble  one  of  Georgian  style  surmounting 
a  slender  pillar,  still  preserved  in  the  building, 
was  substituted.  The  inscription  upon  Lee's  gift, 
as  printed  in  Norden,  reads  :  '  Cum  Letha  oppiduin 
apud  Scotos  non  incelebre  et  Edenburgus  primaria 
apud  eos  ciuitas,  incendio  conflagrarent,  Richardus 
Leus  eques  auratus  me  flammis  ereptum  ad  Anglps_ 
perduxit.  Huius  ego  beneficij  memor,  non  nisi 
Regum  liberos  lauare  solitus,  nunc  meam  operam 
etiam  infimis  Anglorum  libenter  condixi.  Leus 
victor  sic  voluit.  Anno  domini  M.D.XLIIII  &  Hen- 
rici  Octaui  xxxvi.'" 

Further,  on  p.  176  we  read  : — 

"  Sir  Richard  Lee  came  from  an  old  Sussex  family 

and  probably  lived  at  St.  Albans  previous  to 

the  grant  to  him    of  the  Nunnery  [Sopwell] 

He  accompanied  the  expedition  under  the  Earl  of 
Hertford  to  Scotland  in  1547  |_?]t  and  in  the  plunder 
of  Edinburgh  brought  away  from  Holyrood  the 
curious  font  of  brass,  adorned  with  embossed 
figures,  which  was  used  in  the  Abbey  Church  until 
Cromwell's  time,  when  it  disappeared.  (See  Ne\v- 
come's  '  Abbey  of  St.  Albans,' A.D.  1795.)  There  is 
every  likelihood  that  the  curious  eagle  lectern  now 
in  St.  Stephen's  Church  (St.  Albans)  formed  part 
of  the  Scotch  plunder  of  Sir  Richard." 

Newcome,  the  historian  referred  to  above, 
remarks  (p.  469)  :— 

"On  this  expedition  he  [Sir  Richard]  accom- 
panied the  army  into  Scotland,  and,  in  the  plunder 
of  Edinburgh,  brought  away  from  Holyrood  House 
a  curious  font  of  brass,  adorned  with  figures 
embossed.  He  afterwards  set  this  font  up  in  the 
Abbey  Church.  It  had  on  it  a  proud  inscription 
(see  Camden)  '  that  it  had  served  for  the  baptizing 
the  king's  children  in  Scotland.'  But  this  privi- 
lege, though  it  raised  veneration  in  the  minds  of 
the  pious,  yet  could  not  save  it  from  the  rapine  of 
Cromwell's  soldiers,  after  being  used  in  the  church 
about  100  years." 

This  author  records  (p.  471),  "Sir  Richard 
had  a  very  handsome  wife  (whose  maiden 
name  was  Margaret  Greenfield),  who  was  in 
no  small  favour  with  the  king."  The  knight 
died  in  1575,  "and  was  buried  in  the  chancel 
of  St.  Peter's  Church  (St.  Albans),  where 
also,  in  the  same  vault,  were  deposited  the 
bodies  of  his  wife  and  two  daughters." 


10*  s.  m.  FEB.  11.  loos.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Ill 


Although  old  leaden  fonts  are  by  no  means 
rare,  I  know  of  no  ancient  brazen  one  in 
this  county,  nor  does  Paley  ('Illustrations 
of  Baptismal  Fonts,'  1844)  refer  to  the 
existence  of  any.  I  have,  however,  seen 
bronze  ones  abroad.  HARRY  HEMS. 

Fair  Park,  Exeter. 

On  the  occasion  of  my  first  pilgrimage  to 
Edinburgh,  many  years  ago,  I  purchased  in  the 
course  of  my  rambles  in  Holyrood  Palace  a 
little  book  of  192  pages,  entitled  "History  of 
Holyrood,  with  Descriptive  Guide  and  Cata- 
logue of  Portraits  and  Paintings.  Edinburgh: 
lloberfc  M'Bean,  Keeper  of  the  Chapel-Royal "; 
and  the  following  excerpt  therefrom  may 
perhaps  interest  Q.  W.  V.  : — 

'•The  successor  of  Archibald  Crawford,  who 
died  in  1483,  as  Abbot  of  Holyrood,  was  Robert 
Bellenden,  an  ecclesiastic  distinguished  by  his 
humanity  to  the  poor  and  his  liberality  to  the 
Abbey,  which  he  covered  with  lead.  Among  his 
munificent  gifts  were  the  'great  bells,'  the  'great 
brass  font,'  and  a  '  chalice  of  fine  gold.'  The  font 
is  probably  the  one  which  Sir  Richard  Lea,  Captain 
of  Pioneers  in  the  Hertford  invasion,  carried  off 
'  in  the  tumult  of  the  conflagation,'  and  which  he 
presented  to  the  church  of  St.  Albans,  with  the 
magniloquent  inscription  engraved  on  it  which 
Cam  den  has  preserved.  The  Scottish  font  is  made 
most  unpatriotically  to  say  (luckily  in  Latin)  :— 

' '  When  Leith,  a  town  of  good  account  in  Scot- 
land, and  Edinburgh,  the  principal  city  of  that 
nation,  were  on  tire,  Sir  Richard  Lea,  Knyght, 
saved  me  out  of  the  flames,  and  brought  me  to 
England.  In  gratitude  for  his  kindness,  I,  who 
heretofore  served  only  at  the  baptism  of  kings,  do 
now  most  willingly  render  the  same  service  even  to 
the  meanest  of  the  English  nation.  Lea  the  con- 
queror hath  so  commanded  !  Adieu.  The  year  of 
man's  salvation,  1543-4,  in  the  thirty-sixth  year  of 
King  Henry  VIII.' 

4i  This    font  was  afterwards  conquered   by  the 
Roundheads,  and  sold  as  old  metal."— See  p.  24. 
HENRY  GERALD  HOPE. 

119,  Elms  Road,  Clapham,  S.W. 

[MR.  ANDREW  OLIVER  also  refers  to  Mr.  Gallo- 
way's paper.] 

TORPEDOES,  SUBMARINES,  AND  RIFLED 
CANNON  (10th  S.  iii.  89).— Every  history  of  the 
submarine — and  many  have  come  out  lately — 
mentions  the  offer  of  them  by  an  inventor  to 
the  Governments  of  the  United  States,France, 
and  the  United  Kingdom.  They  were  tried 
and  rejected  by  Pitt,  and  tried  and  for  a  time 
adopted  by  Napoleon.  Considering  the 
difficulties  of  the  original  invention,  the 
development  of  the  submarine  a  century  ago 
was  most  remarkable.  D. 

"  THE  HUNGRY  FORTIES  "  (10th  S.  iii.  87). — 
The  origin  of  the  title,  as  far  as  I  am  aware,  is 
to  be  found  in  a  letter  addressed  to  an  anti- 
bread  tax  meeting  at  the  Free  Trade  Hall, 
Manchester,  about  eighteen  months  ago,  by 


my  wife.  I  believe  this  is  the  first  time  it 
was  used,  and  by  Mrs.  Unwin.  My  wish  is 
to  fix  the  origin  of  the  title  once  and  for  all ; 
it  has  now  become  a  phrase  in  literature,  and 
I  hear  it  everywhere  quite  apart  from  the 
book.  Mr.  Chamberlain  himself  has  used  it 
more  than  once.  T.  FISHER  UNWIN. 

HERALDIC  MOTTOES  (10th  S.  iii.  49,  92).— 
MR.  LLEWELYN  LLOYD  will  find  a  list  of 
punning  mottoes  at  7th  S.  v.  401. 

PI.  K.  H. 

SoTHEPvN's  LONDON  RESIDENCE  (10th  S.  iii. 
88). — Sothern  lived  for  many  years  at  a 
beautiful  house,  with  a  garden  in  front  and 
in  the  rear,  called  The  Cedars,  South  Ken- 
sington. I  stayed  with  him  there  often 
between  1865  and  1872.  H.  A.  STRONG. 

A  curious  slip  has  occurred  in  the  note  to 
my  short  communication.  Kensington  should, 
of  course,  stand  for  "  Hampstead.:>  We  have 
Lanes  in  this  delightful  suburb,  but  not  a 
Wright's  Lane  that  I  am  aware  of. 

CECIL  CLARKE. 

[The  slip  is  ours.  We  dined  more  than  once  with 
Sothern  in  Wright's  Lane,  Kensington.] 

CON-  CONTRACTION  (10th  S.  ii.  427).— Qui- 
RINUS  asks  whether  the  letter  C  was  ever 
known  as  "the  horn."  It  is  so  referred  to 
in  '  Love's  Labour 's  Lost,'  where  we  have 
"  What  is  AB  spelt  backward  with  the  horn 
on  his  head  ? " 

AB  spelt  backward  is  BA 

and  the  words  "  horn  J  represent  .f         C^ 

The  words  quoted  occur  in  the  33rd  line  of 
I  their  page  in  the  First  Folio,  and  33  is  the  sum 
of  the  position-numbers,  in  the  twenty-four- 
letter  alphabet  in  use  in   1623,  of  the  five 
letters  given  above,  thus  : — 

2  1  3 14  13=33 
B  A  C  0  X. 

A.  J.  WILLIAMS. 

JOHN  WESLEY  AND  GARDENS  (10th  S.  i.  349). 
—James  Gordon,  the  "  eminent "  nurseryman 
of  Mile  End,  is  mentioned  frequently  by 
botanical  writers.  Peter  Coliinson  (Lysons's 
'Environs  of  London,'  supplement,  p.  447), 
writing  in  1764,  describes  him  as  "most 
celebrated."  Lysons  (p.  147)  says  he  first 
introduced  the  Sophora,  japonica  into  Eng- 
land ;  and  (p.  492)  that  he  had  his  grounds. 
in  the  parish  of  Stratford,  Bow,  and  St. 
Leonard's,  Bromley.  He  was  "well  known 
for  his  extensive  culture  of  exotic  plants." 
According  to  the  '  Annual  Register '  he  gave 
his  name  to  the  well-known  order  of  plants 
called  Gordonia,  about  1776.  He  is  men- 
tioned in  Richard  Wesfcon'a '  Critical  Remarks 


112 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io">  s.  in.  FEB.  n,  1905. 


on  Botanical  Writers,'  a  propos  of  Miller's 
'Gardener's  Dictionary.'  The  Gentleman's 
Mag.  of  1781  records  the  death,  at  Barking, 
of  Mr.  James  Gordon,  senior,  the  "  ingenious 
and  eminent  botanist,"  20  January.  The  will 
of  James  Gordon,  nurseryman,  Fountain- 
bridge,  Edinburgh,  was  proved  6  April,  1788. 

J.  M.  BULLOCH. 
118,  Pall  Mall,  S.W. 

ROYAL  REGIMENTS  OF  THE  LINE  (10th  S.  iii. 
(>9). — Royal  regiments  received  that  prefix 
as  a  token  of  the  sovereign's  favour  and 
appreciation  of  their  achievements  in  arms. 
These  regiments  are  distinguished  by  their 
dark  blue  facings  and  the  scarlet  band 
(except  in  Scotch  and  Rifle  Regiments) 
round  the  forage  caps  of  ranks  that  wear  the 
peaked  cap.  To  be  exact,  the  same  facings 
are  worn  by  six  other  regiments,  which  are 
not  styled  "  Royal,"  but  bear  the  appellation 
of  the  Sovereign  or  Consort,  as  "  The  King's  " 
(8th),  "  The  Prince  Albert's  "  (13th),  &c. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  Royal  Regi- 
ments forty  years  ago :  1st  (The  Royal 
Regiment),  2nd  (The  Queen's  Royal  Regi- 
ment), 6th  (The  Royal  1st  Warwickshire), 
7th  (Royal  Fusiliers),  18th  (Royal  Irish), 
21st  (Royal  North  British  Fusiliers),  23rd 
(Royal  Welsh  Fusiliers),  35th  (The  Royal 
Sussex  Regiment),  42nd  (The  Royal  Highland 
Regiment),  60th  (The  King's  Royal  Rifle 
Corps),  87th  (Royal  Irish  Fusiliers),  100th 
(The  Royal  Canadian  Regiment),  101st  (Royal 
Bengal  Fusiliers),  102nd  (Royal  Madras  Fusi- 
liers), 103rd  (Royal  Bombay  Fusiliers).  In 
addition,  the  following  were  considered  Royal 
Regiments :  The  King's  Own  (4th),  The 
Queen's  Own  (50th),  The  King's  Own  Light 
Infantry  (51st) ;  the  first  two  of  which  now 
bear  the  title  of  "  Royal."  H.  P.  L. 

"  PHIL  ELIA  "  (10th  S.  ii.  527 ;  iii.  36,  79).— 
When  Lamb  wrote  to  his  publisher  John 
Taylor  on  the  eve  of  publication  of  the 
'Essays  of  Elia'  he  enclosed  a  "Dedication 
to  the  friendly  and  judicious  reader";  but 
before  the  letter  was  finished  he  decided  it 
was  not  to  be  inserted  in  the  book.  He  goes 
on  :  "  The  Essays  want  no  Preface  :  they  are 

all  Prefate There  will  be  a  sort  of  Preface 

in  the  next  Magazine  which  may  act  as 
an  advertisement,  but  not  proper  for  the 
volume." 

The  "sort  of  Preface"  was  'A  Character 
of  the  late  Elia,'  bearing  the  signature  of 
"Phil-ffiia,"  and  it  was  published  in  the 
January  number  of  The  London  Magazine, 
1823.  The  essay  appears  to  be  so  character- 
istic of  Lamb's  style  that  it  is  somewhat 
strange  that  it  should  ever  have  been 


ascribed  to  anybody  else.  The  following  letter 
seems  to  indicate  that  Lamb  claimed  it  as 
his  own. 

To  Moxon,  who  published  the  '  Last  Essays 
of  Elia,'  to  which  the  'Character'  (slightly 
altered)  appeared  as  the  Preface,  he  wrote 
(1833) :  "  I  send  you  the  last  proof — not  of 
my  friendship — pray  see  to  the  finish.  I 
think  you  will  see  the  necessity  of  adding 
those  words  after  '  Preface ' — and  '  Preface  ' 
should  be  in  the  Contents-table  "  (the  italics  are 
mine).  The  conclusion  to  be  drawn  from 
this,  I  am  inclined  to  think,  is  that  the  "  Pre- 
face" was  to  be  understood  as  one  of  the 
'Last  Essays,'  and  therefore  written  by 
Lamb. 

S.  BUTTERWORTH,  Major  R.A.M.  Corps. 

Carlisle. 

"WASSAIL"  (10th  S.  ii.  503;  iii.  9).— The 
Icel.  veizla  would  have  given  some  such  form 
as  ivaissel,  rather  than  ivaitsel,  because  the  t 
would  have  been  assimilated  to  the  s.  Com- 
pare the  modern  E.  bless  from  O.E.  ble'tsian. 

It  is  said  that  such  a  form  as  ivaitsel  would 
not  explain  the  ai  in  the  second  syllable. 
In  the  Yorkshire  version  of  the  carol  which  I 
have  quoted  there  is  no  ai  in  the  second 
syllable ;  the  forms  are  wessel,  used  as  a  sub- 
stantive, and  wesselling,  the  participle  of  a 
verb.  In  discussing  these  words  with  a  friend 
I  was  told  that  ivossel,  instead  of  wassel,  is 
often  used  in  the  Sheffield  version  of  the 
carol,  and  I  find  that  in  the  passage  which 
Hearne  quotes  from  Robert  of  Brunne  the 
form  wossaile  occurs  twice.  PROF.  SKEAT 
omits  this  in  his  prose  version  of  the  same 
passage  given  ante,  p.  9.  Yet  this  form 
strongly  favours  the  derivation  from  Icel. 
veizla,  because  in  Middle  English  we  find 
such  words  as  ston  (the  o  being  long)  from 
O.E.  stdn,  O.N.  steinn,  stone. 

The  woes  hail  of  Layamon  is  merely  an  old 
"  popular  etymology,"  of  no  more  value  than 
Selden's  wish-hail  and  the  other  curiosities 
which  PROF.  SKEAT  refers  to  in  his  dictionary. 
As  for  the  story  about  the  British  king 
Vortigern  and  Rowena,  the  less  said  about 
it  the  better.  It  comes  from  the  romancers 
who  invented  the  derivation  of  Britain  from 
Brut,  King  of  Troy,  and  of  Ludgate  from 
King  Lud. 

The  proposal  to  regard  the  Icel.  veizla  as 
the  original  of  wassail  gains  weight  from  the 
fact  that,  in  a  Yorkshire  version  of  the  carol 
referred  to,  it  is  preceded  by  the  adjective 
jolly,  which  may  very  well  stand  for  a  popular 
interpretation  of  Jala.  In  '  Eireks  Saga 
RauSa'  a  splendid  J6la-veizla  is  mentioned 
("  var  fa  buit  til  Jola-veizlu,  ok  var5  hon  sva 


io*  s.  iii.  FEB.  ii,  IMS.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


113 


skorulig,  at  menn  fottuz  vart  slika  rausnar- 
veizlu  set  hafa'1).  It  seems  to  me  that  this 
Jola-veizla  is  the  jolly-wessel  of  the  Yorkshire 
carol,  which  I  have  heard  nearly  every 
Christmas  for  the  last  fifty  years,  and  that 
icassail  is  the  perverted  form  of  a  word  which 
would  have  been  better  written  waissel  or 
u'assel.  Anthony  Wood  has  preserved  a  carol 
beginning : — 

A  jolly  Wassel  Bo\vl, 

A  Wassel  of  good  ale, 
Well  fare  the  butler's  soul, 
That  setteth  this  to  sale — 
Our  jolly  Wassel. 

See  the  whole  carol  in  Brand,  '  Popular 
Antiq.,'  1849,  i.  5. 

I  have  just  noticed  that  Mrs.  Press,  in  her 
translation  of  '  Laxdcela  Saga,'  c.  26,  renders 
veizla  as  uussail.  This  translation,  published 
in  1899,  appeared  in  a  series  called  "The 
Temple  Classics,"  edited  by  Prof.  Gollancz. 
In  a  note  at  the  end  Prof.  Gollancz  says, 
"The  manuscript  translation  has  had  the 
advantage  of  being  revised  by  a  competent 
Icelander."  S.  O.  ADDY. 

BESANT  (10th  S.  iii.  28).— A  lady  friend  of 
the  late  Sir  Walter  and  Lady  Besanfc  for 
thirty-five  years  informs  me  that  they 
invariably  pronounced  their  name  with  the 
accent  on  the  second  syllable — Besant.  T. 

BRITISH  MEZZOTINTERS  (10th  S.  ii.  481, 521).— 
MR.  GORDON  GOODWIN  has  been  kind  enough 
to  answer  my  query  as  to  Loggan's  biography 
published  in  'X.  &  Q.1  in  1881  (6tn  S.  iv.  90). 

E.  S.  DODGSON. 

ANTHONY  BREWER  (10th  S.  ii.  468).— The 
name  of  Brewer  does  not  occur  in  any  docu- 
ments relating  to  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  to 
which,  as  a  student  of  local  history,  I  have 
had  access.  I  think  it  hardly  likely  that  the 
play  of  'The  Lovesick  King,'  published  in 
London  in  1655,  was  performed  here  at  or 
about  that  period,  and  I  find  no  record  of  it 
among  the  amusements  of  later  date.  My 
doubts  are  founded  upon  the  following  letter, 
which  appeared  in  The  Weekly  Flying  Post 
of  10  January,  1656,  quoted  by  the  late  John 
Hodgson  Hinde  in  the  Archceologia  JZliana, 
iv.  p.  235  :— 

"  Letter  from  Newcastle-upon-Tyne.  I  send  you 
a  piece  of  exemplary  justice,  which  as  it  sets  an 
example  to  other  magistrates  of  this  nation,  so  also 
can  no*  be  unfitly  communicated  to  you.  On  the 
28th  of  December  a  cluster  of  lewd  fellows,  adver- 
tising to  act  a  comedy  within  the  precincts  and 
bounds  of  this  town,  daring,  as  it  were,  authority, 
and  outfacing  justice ;  our  vigilant  magistrates 
hearing  of  it,  resolved  to  set  a  boundary  to  their 
sinful  courses,  and  clip  the  harvest  of  their 
hopes  ;  concluding  such  enormities  the  proper 


nurseries  of  impiety,  and  therefore  they  repaired' 
to  the  place,  where  having  begun,  Alderman  Robert 
Johnson,  Mr.  Sheriff,  and  divers  godly  men,  step  in 
to  see  their  sport.  But  their  sudden  approach 
changed  the  scene  both  of  their  play  and  coun- 
tenances, so  that  the  interlude,  proving  ominous, 
boded  no  less  than  a  tragedy  to  the  actors,  turning 
the  play  into  a  tragi-comedy.  After  they  had  done, 
they  were  apprehended  and  examined  before  the 
Mayor  and  other  Justices  of  the  Peace,  and  found 
guilty  of  being  common  players  of  interludes, 
according  to  a  statute  made  in  the  reign  of  Queen 
Elizabeth,  and  according  to  law  adjudged  to  be 
whipped  :  which  accordingly  was  performed  in  the 
public  market-place,  when  a  greafe  concourse  of 
people  thronged  to  see  them  act  the  last  part  of  their 
play,  their  robes  of  honour  hanging  in  public  view. 
Therefore  let  the  nation  know  their  names  and 
habitations,  that  all  that  have  converse  with  them 
may  look  upon  them  to  be  such  as  the  laws  of  the 
land  hath  concluded  them  to  be,  rogues  and  vaga- 
bonds, as  followeth : — 

John  Blaiklock  of  Jesmond. 

John  Blaiklock,  his  son,  both  Papists. 

James  Morehead  of  Newcastle. 

Edward  Liddell  of  Jesmond,  a  Papist. 

James  Edwards  of  Useburu. 

Thomas  Rawkstraw  of  Newcastle. 

Richard  Byerley  of  Useburn. 
All  whipt  in  Newcastle  for  rogues  and  vagabonds." 

The  full  title  of  Brewer's  play,  according 
to  Lpwndes,  is  '  The  Love  Sick  King,  an 
English  Tragical  History  :  with  the  Life  and 
Death  of  Cartesmunda,  the  Fair  Nun  of 
Winchester.'  RICHARD  WELFORD. 

Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 

'HARDYKNUTE'  (10th  S.  ii.  425,  536;  iii.  37).— 
To  charge  a  correspondent  with  imperfect 
knowledge  is  easy,  out  to  demonstrate  it  is- 
not.  The  charge,  supposed  to  have  its  base 
in  my  confession  that  I  did  not  know 
Mr.  Gosse's  writing  on  the  subject,  is  weak, 
because  I  was  fully  informed  of  the  "definite 
conclusions"  come  to  by  that  gentleman; 
and  to  those  only  did  I  refer. 

The  charge  that  I  ignored  any  part  of  the 
first  note  is  incorrect,  and  what  I  am  said 
to  have  ignored  is  not  specifically  named. 
When  I  referred  to  a  writer  who  threshed 
the  subject,  was  that  not  sufficient  to  guide 
those  interested,  and  enable  them  to  form 
their  own  opinion,  independently  of  what  I 
said  or  "  inferred  "  ? 

What  I,  however,  left  readers  to  "infer" 
is  only  on  a  par  with  what  was  left  for 
readers  to  surmise  in  the  first  note  under 
this  heading.  It  was  my  desire  that  readers 
should,  as  they  had  a  right  to,  form  their 
own  conclusions  from  what  evidence  might 
be  produced.  I  was  quite  aware  of  the 
quotation  now  given  from  Percy,  and  I  am 
also  aware  that  this  quotation,  in  part,  is 
discounted  by  the  statement  that  Sir  John 
Bruce  "  pretended  "  to  have  discovered  the 


114 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [10*  s.  in.  FEB.  n,  IMS, 


"  fragment  in  a  vault  at  Dunfermline."  I  am 
quite  pleased  that  those  interested  should 
judge  between  the  notes  under  this  heading, 
together  with  the  authorities  named. 

ALFRED  CHAS.  JONAS. 

THE  CHILTERN  HUNDREDS  (10th  S.  ii.  441, 
516  ;  iii.  18).  — MR.  SHORE  will  find  some 
appreciable  additions  to  his  information  in 
the  'New English  Dictionary,'  s.v.  'Chiltern,' 
and  in  the  works  there  cited.  Q.  V. 

DRYDEN  PORTRAITS  (10th  S.  i.  368,  435 ; 
ii.  18). — The  portrait  belonging  to  the  Rev. 
John  Dryden  Pigott  is  probably  at  Sundorne 
Castle,  near  Shrewsbury,  as  that  gentleman 
took  the  name  of  Corbet  and  succeeded  to 
that  estate.  (Mrs.)  HAUTENVILLE  COPE. 

13c,  Hyde  Park  Mansions,  W. 

EPITAPHS  :  THEIR  BIBLIOGRAPHY  (10th  S.  i. 
44, 173,  217,  252,  334  ;  ii.  57,  194,  533).— What 
is  the  source  of  the  lines  quoted  by  Dr. 
Forahaw  at  the  head  of  his  monthly  collec- 
tion of  curious  epitaphs  in  Yorkshire  Notes 
and  Queries  ? 

I  copied  the  following  rendering  of  the 
last  two  lines  from  an  old  stone  in  the 
southern  portion  of  Lutterworth  Church- 
yard, Leicestershire,  in  1881 : — 

Praise  wrote  on  tombs  is  vainly  spent  ; 

A  man's  best  deeds  is  his  best  monument." 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 
West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire, 

QUEEN'S  SURNAME  (10th  S.  -ii.  529).— What 
the  surname  of  the  Danish  royal  family  is 
I  do  not  know.  But  surely  the  querist  is 
aware  that  the  name  of  the  present  royal 
family  in  this  country  is  not  Guelph,  but 
Wettin.  Guelph  was  the  name  of  the 
Hanoverian  line,  of  which  Queen  Victoria 
was  the  last.  Our  King  begins  a  new 
dynasty,  which  will  probably  be  called  by 
future  historians  the  Saxe-Coburg  (or  per- 
haps the  Gothic)  dynasty,  or  some  such 
distinctive  name,  as  the  name  of  the  Angevin 
dynasty  was  taken  from  the  father  of 
Henry  II.  Our  rulers  have  always  retained 
their  paternal  name,  whether  Plantagenets, 
Tudors,  Stuarts,  Guelphs,  or  Wettins. 

J.  FOSTER  PALMER. 

.8,  Royal  Avenue,  S.W. 

KANT'S  DESCENT  (10th  S.  ii.  488).— The 
tradition  that  Kant  was  of  Scottish  descent 
is  not  injured  by  the  name  being  found  in 
Suffolk.  Thousands  of  Scots  are  in  that 
district  to-day  because  of  the  fisheries.  From 
there  to  Holland  is  an  easy  voyage,  and  I  find 
"Andrew  Kant"  (or  Cant)  in  1721, of  Dort, 
Holland,  in  Public  Record  Office  Assignment 


Books,  appointing  attorneys  in  London  to 
receive  his  Exchequer  dividends.  Some  of 
the  Cants  voyaged  from  Leith  to  Norway 
and  Sweden  circa  1700.  W.  YOUNG. 

20,  Hanover  Street,  N. 

Is  MR.  RIVERS  acquainted  with  the  infor- 
mation given  in  the  question  raised  by  a 
previous  correspondent  ?  See  7th  S.  viii.  267. 

EVERARD   HOME   COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

BLOOD  USED  IN  BUILDING  :  SUGAR  IN 
MORTAR  (10th  S.  ii.  389,  455  ;  iii.  34,  76).— 
Reference  having  been  made  to  the  use  of 
sugar  in  India  as  an  ingredient  in  mortar,  it 
may  be  worth  adding  that  in  The  Times  of 
13  and  16  October,  1886,  appeared  four  letters 
headed  '  A  New  Use  for  Sugar.' 

The  first,  signed  Thomson  Hankey,  speaks 
of  equal  quantities  of  finely  powdered  lime 
and  good  brown  sugar,  mixed  with  water, 
producing  a  cement  of  exceptional  strength, 
and  of  the  said  cement  having  been  tried  at 
Peterborough  Cathedral,  two  large  pieces  of 
stone  of  the  broken  tracery  of  a  window 
having  been  firmly  joined  together  by  sugared 
mortar.  Mr.  Hankey  says  that  it  has  been 
successfully  used  for  joining  glass,  the  severest 
test.  He  states  that  the  lime  must  be 
thoroughly  slaked,  and  that  he  believes  that 
sugar  mortar  will  be  found  to  be  as  good  as 
Portland  cement.  He  suggests  that  it  is  pro- 
bable that  Portland  cement  would  be  made 
much  stronger  by  the  addition  of  sugar,  and 
that  treacle  might  have  the  same  effect.  It 
had  been  suggested  to  him  that  the  use  of 
sugar  is  the  secret  of  the  success  of  the  old 
Roman  mortar. 

The  second  letter,  signed  W.  Robert  Cornish, 
surgeon-general,  says :  "  In  India  the  practice 
of  mixing  'jaggery,'  or  unrefined  sugar,  with 
mortar  in  certain  proportions,  is  a  very 
ancient  one."  He  says  also  that  in  the  latter 
part  of  the  eighteenth  century,  when  Hyder 
Ali's  horse  threatened  the  settlement  of 
Madras,  the  people  were  called  upon  to  build 
a  wall.  This  wall  existed  until  1859,  when 
Sir  Charles  Trevelyan,  the  then  Governor, 
had  it  removed.  But  so  firmly  was  the  brick- 
work held  together  that  the  greatest  difficulty 
was  found  in  the  demolition  of  the  town 
wall.  The  separation  of  the  bricks  from  the 
mortar  was  quite  impracticable.  He  adds 
that  fourteen  years  ago  (i.e.,  in  or  about  1872), 
in  examining  some  old  records,  he  came  across 
the  original  specification  of  the  Government 
for  the  composition  of  the  mortar  for  the 
wall,  and  that  it  included  a  certain  quantity 
of  "  jaggery,"  to  be  mixed  with  shell  lime 
and  river  sand.  He  sent  the  receipt  to  The 


10*  s.  m.  FEB.  ii.  1903.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


115 


Madras  Mail,  in  which  it  was  published,  he 
thinks,  in  1873.  I  suppose  that  this  receipt 
contained  the  exact  quantities  of  the  in- 
gredients, and  might  be  recovered  from  The 
Madras  Mail.  He  says  that  the  polished 
"  chuuam"  walls  for  which  Madras  is  famous 
are  prepared  with  cement  made  with  un- 
refined sugar. 

The  third  letter,  signed  Nathaniel  Steven- 
son, says : — 

"I  have  used  about  an  ounce  of  brown  sugar  to 
half  a  pint  of  water  in  making  plaster  of  Paris 
models.  These  models  are  certainly  smoother  and 
much  harder,  and  therefore  far  less  liable  to  damage, 
than  others.  I  find  this  of  special  advantage  in 
working  vulcanite,'  &c." 

The  fourth  letter,  signed  Raj,  says  :  — 
"Sugar  in  its  coarse  state,  called  'goor,'  has  been 
used  in  India  from  time  immemorial,  and  its  value 
as  an  ingredient  in  niortar  is  exceptionally  great. 
Masonry  cemented  with  this  mortar  I  have  known  to 
defy  every  effort  of  pick  and  shovel,  and  to  yield 
only  to  blasting  when  it  has  been  found  necessary 
to  remove  old  puckah  buildings." 

According  to  J.  H.  Stocqueler's  '  Oriental 
Interpreter,'  1848,  r/oor  means  "unrefined 
sugar  "  ;  jaggery,  "  sugar  ;  sugar  in  its  un- 
refined state  ;  refuse  molasses  ";  and  chunani, 

II  ma     J  T?  j^T»T^r»m     T)TT^T-»  T*f\-rvrm 


'lime.' 


ROBERT  PlERPOINT. 


SPIRIT  MANIFESTATIONS  (iotu  S.  ii.  388).— 
The  best  work  on  this  subject  is  '  The  Occult 
tSciences,'  by  Messrs.  Smedley,  Taylor,  Thomp- 
son, and  Rich  (1855).  Therein,  under  the 
chapter  entitled  'Modern  Spirit  Manifesta- 
tions,' your  querist  will  find  all  he  desires. 
CHA.S.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Bradford. 

(  "  GOD      CALLED     UP     FROM     DREAMS  "     (10th 

S.  iii.  49). — This 'Dream  upon  the  Universe' 
is  to  be  found  in  De  Quincey's  'Analects 
from  Richter,'  and  in  a  shortened  form  is 
given  by  R.  A.  Proctor  in  the  last  chapter  of 
his  book  '  The  Expanse  of  Heaven.' 

A.  H.  ARKLE. 

Is  not  the  German  poet  Jean  Paul  Richter? 
1  See  Carlyle's  '  Miscellaneous  Essays,'  iii.  55, 
where  the  dreams  are  set  out  fully.  The 
passage  to  which  J.  M.  refers  is  not  in 
Proctor — at  least,  I  think  not— but  is  in  that 
perhaps  most  eloquent  of  all  works  on 
popular  astronomy,  Mitchel's  'Orbs  of 
Heaven,'  Lecture  ix.  p.  195.  Lucis. 

"  THE  "  AS  PART  OF  TITLE  (10th  S.  ii.  524 ; 
iii.  38).— In  reply  to  MR.  HARBEX,  I  may  say 
that  the  view  I  expressed  on  this  subject 
in  my  former  note  was  limited  to  the  typo- 
graphical aspects  of  the  question.  English 
grammar,  or  rather  idiom,  is  not  always 
founded  on  a  logical  basis.  The  title  of  a 


book  or  newspaper  is  the  name  which  is 
printed  on  the  title-page  of  a  book  or  the 
heading  of  a  paper.  If  the  article,  definite 
or  indefinite,  forms  a  constituent  of  this 
title,  I  maintain  that  it  is  an  integral  portion 
of  it,  and  when  the  title  is  expressed  in  full, 
the  whole  should  be  printed  in  the  same 
type.  Thus,  in  the  case  of  '  The  Virginians,' 
'The  School  for  Scandal,'  'A  Tale  of  Two 
Cities,'  or  The  Times,  I  hold  that,  according 
to  the  practice  of  '  X.  &,  Q.,' the  article  should 
be  printed  within  inverted  commas  or  in 
italics,  as  the  case  may  be.  But  though  an 
integral  part  of  the  title,  the  status  of  the 
article  as  a  part  of  speech  is  not  altered,  and 
if  the  main  portion  of  the  title  is  qualified 
in  any  way,  it  may,  in  accordance  with 
English  usage,  be  eliminated.  This,  in  my 
opinion,  does  not  detract  from  the  status  of 
the  article,  as  an  integral  part  of  the  title. 
A  leg  is  an  integral  part  of  the  human  body, 
but  it  may  be  lopped  off,  should  circum- 
stances require  it.  I  would  therefore  say 
to-day's  Times,  Thackeray's  'Virginians,' 
Sheridan's  'School  for  Scandal,'  Dickens's 
'  Tale  of  Two  Cities,'  for  the  simple  reason 
that  I  am  talking  English  in  accordance 
with  the  spirit  of  the  language.  In  the 
Literary  Gossip  of  The  Athenaeum  for  the  week 
in  which  MR.  HARBEN'S  inquiry  appeared 
there  is  a  paragraph  in  which  the  writer 
mentions  "  the  extended  Outlook"  and  two 
or  three  lines  lower  down  "  The  Daily 
Telegraph?  Here  I  hold  the  printer  to  be 
perfectly  right,  because,  while  the  title  of 
The  Outlook  is  qualified  by  an  adjective,  that 
of  the  daily  paper  is  not. 

W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

"  TOURMALINE  "  :  ITS  ETYMOLOGY  (10th  S. 
iii.  66).— I  am  glad  to  find  that  MR.  JAMES 
PLATT  accepts  the  etymology  given  in  my 
'  Concise  Etymological  Dictionary,'  ed.  1901, 
at  p.  564.  I  even  give  the  reference  to  the 
volume  and  page  of  dough's  book.  The 
only  difference  is  that  I  consulted  the  earlier 
edition  of  1830.  I  deny  that  tourmaline  is 
Cingalese ;  it  is  mere  French.  The  Cingalese 
word  has  no  -ne.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

VERSCHOYLE  :  FOLDEN  (10th  S.  iii.  69).— The 
querist  says  Verschoyle  is  "obviously  French." 
Surely  this  is  a  slip  of  the  pen.  He  must 
mean  "  obviously  Flemish."  It  belongs  to 
the  same  class  as  the  names  Verbeeck,  Ver- 
brugge,  Verhoef,  Vermeulen,  Verplanck, 
Verschure,  and  others,  having  as  prefix  the 
syllable  ver,  contracted  from  van  der,  "  of 
the."  Sometimes  the  fuller  form  occurs,  as 
Vauderbeeck,  Vandermeulen.  The  French 
equivalent  would  be  de  la,  as  in  Da  la  Planche. 


116 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  m.  FEB.  n,  iso5. 


Sclmyle  in  old  Dutch  and  Flemish  is  a  femi- 
nine substantive,  meaning  a  hiding-place, 
nook,  or  corner,  whence  comes  also  another 
well-known  surname,  Schuyler.  The  personal 
name  Verschuyle  corresponds  to  such  English 
surnames  as  Corner,  Hearne,  and  Wray,  all 
three  of  which  have  much  the  same  sense. 
The  spelling  Yerschoyle,  instead  of  Ver- 
schuyle, is  either  corrupt  or  a  Flemish  pro- 
vincialism, as  in  some  dialects  (for  instance, 
in  that  of  Antwerp)  the  difficult  diphthong  I 
wj  changes  to  oy.  JAMES  PLATT,  Jun. 

The  only  time  I  came  across  the  name 
Verschoyle  was  in  1900,  when  I  met  a 
Lieut.-Col.  Verschoyle,  then  commanding  a 
battalion  of  the  Duke  of  Cornwall's  Light 
Infantry.  He  has  now  retired  from  the 
service.  K.  M.  BEGBIE. 

68,  St.  John'a  Park,  Blackheath. 

Verschoyle  is  the  name  of  a  Dublin  family 
whose  ancestor  migrated  thither  from  Utrecht, 
in  Holland,  to  escape  the  persecutions  of 
Philip  II.  They  were  resident  in  St.  Cathe- 
rine's parish,  Dublin.  The  first  were  two 
brothers:  1.  Henricke  Verschuyle  (will  proved 
1623),  of  St.  Thomas's  Street,  Dublin,  brewer, 
who  had  a  son  Henry  ;  2.  William  Verschoyle 
(will  proved  1648),  of  Dublin,  gent.,  who 
married  Cath.  van  Pilkam. 

WM.  BALL  WEIGHT,  M.A. 

Osbaldwick  Vicarage,  York. 

Verschoyle  is  the  name  of  a  family  which 
settled  in  Ireland  early  in  the  seventeenth 
century.  They  are  said  to  have  come  from 
Holland  on  account  of  the  religious  persecu- 
tion in  1568.  (See  Burke's  '  Gentry,'  ninth 
edition.)  Probably  the  name  is  taken  from 
some  village,  or  they  may  have  assumed  the 
Dutch  word  Verschil,  which  means  difference 
or  variance,  when  they  left  the  count ry,  as  a 
token  of  its  distracted  state. 

Folden,  from  the  A.-S.  fold,  a  fold  ;  and 
A.-S.  den,  a  valley,  an  enclosure  for  deer,  &c. 
JOHN  RADCLIFFE. 

There  are  four  places  named  Folden  Fiords 
in  Norway,  all  being  within  an  area  of 
183  miles  by  240. 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

BAPTIST  CONFESSION  OF  FAITH,  1660  (10th  S. 
iii.  89). — In  the  Reference  Library  of  the 
Baptist  Missionary  Society  in  Furnival 
Street,  Hoi  born,  there  is  a  book  entitled 
4  Confessions  of  Faith  and  other  Public 
Documents  illustrative  of  the  History  of  the 
Baptist  Churches  of  England  in  the  Seven- 
teenth Century.'  This  volume  contains  "  The 
Second  Humble  Address  of  those  who  are 
called  Anabaptists  in  the  county  of  Lincoln. 
Presented  to  His  Majesty,  Charles  the  Second, 


King  of  England,  Scotland,  France,  and 
Ireland,"  &c.  The  book  can  be  seen  at  the 
library.  JOHN  BROWN  MYEES. 

NELSON  IN  FICTION  (10th  S.  iii.  26,  77).— 
Through  inadvertence  I  omitted  one  juvenile 
work  of  fiction  in  my  Nelson  lists.  Towards 
the  end  of  list  No.  1 — immediately  after  'His 
Majesty's  Sloop  Diamond  Rock  '—I  ought  to 
have  inserted  the  following :  *  Diamond 
Rock,"  by  J.  Macdonald  Oxley  (Nelson  and 
his  times,  ending  with  Trafalgar). 

JONATHAN  NIELD. 

[MR.  G.  GILBERT  states  that  Nelson  figures  in 
Sir  A.  C.  Doyle's  '  Rodney  Stone.'] 

"GOD  REST  YOU  MERRY"  (10th   S.  iii.  49).— 

See  '  As  You  Like  It,'  V.  i.,  and  '  Romeo  and 
Juliet,'  I.  ii.  The  last  citation  makes  it  quite 
clear  that "  Rest  you  merry  !"  was  an  ordinary 
colloquial  salutation,  like  the  modern  Ameri- 
can "Be  good  to  yourself  !"  at  parting. 

EDWARD  HERON-ALLEN. 

I  have  always  heard  the  first  line  of  the 
carol  referred  to  as  "  God  bless  you,  merry 
gentlemen,"  with  the  comma  after  "you"; 
and  do  not  believe  that  such  an  expression 
as  "  God  rest  you  merry "  is  known  in  any 
sense.  W.  I.  R.  V. 

COLISEUMS  OLD  AND  NEW  (10th  S.  ii.  485, 
529  ;  iii.  52). — In  a  series  of  '  Letters  from 
London,'  which  appeared  in  a  New  York 
journal  in  1852,  one  entire  letter  is  devoted 
to  a  description  of  "  the  wonderful  Coliseum, 
which  must  ever  rank  as  amongst  the  most 
interestingfand  artistic  exhibitions  of  the  vast 
metropolis."  The  panoramic  view  of  London 
had,  however,  been  replaced  by  one  repre- 
senting "the  Lake  of  Thun,"  "a  most  mar- 
vellous piece  of  scenic  painting."  There  were 
many  other  things  to  be  seen,  including 
fountains,  conservatories,  picture  galleries, 
and  a  magnificent  concert  hall,  while  a  cyclo- 
rama,  or  moving  landscape,  representing  the 
Tagus  from  its  mouth  as  far  as  Lisbon,  is 
described  as  "alone  worth  coming  many  miles 
to  see."  After  the  Coliseum  he  visits  no  fewer 
than  seven  other  panoramic  exhibitions,  in- 
cluding the  Diorama  in  Park  Square,  Regent's 
Park  ;  the  Diorama  of  the  Ganges,  "  a  superb 
and  extremely  fashionable  resort  in  Regent 
Street ";  "  Mr.  Allom's  magnificent  panoramic 
painting  of  Constantinople  " ;  "  the  Cosmorama 
in  Regent  Street";  "the  Tourists' Gallery," 
where  he  much  appreciated  a  tour  through 
Europe ;  "  the  Panorama"  in  Leicester  Square ; 
and  finally  "the  Gallery  of  Illustration  in 
Regent  Street,"  where  the  Diorama  of  Eng- 
land,depicting  the  four  seasons,  and  the  sports 
and  pastimes  of  the  people  in  the  eighteenth 


io<>>  s.  in.  FEB.  11, 1905.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


117 


century,  "delighted  him  beyond  words.1' 
Everything  he  saw  in  London  appeared  to 
delight  him,  and  he  is  quite  as  enthusiastic 
•over  the  wonders  of  Madame  Tussaud's  as  he 
is  over  the  Tower  and  Westminster  Abbey. 
Panoramas  and  such-like  exhibitions  which 
delighted  our  fathers  have  passed  away,  but 
I  doubt  whether  there  are  so  many  exhibi- 
tions really  suitable  for  children  now  as  there 
were  fifty  years  ago.  One  wonders  what  has 
taken  the  place  of  the  good  old  Polytechnic 
and  similar  institutions,  which  were  the 
delight  of  our  childhood. 

FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

Mtxitms.  their  History  and  (heir  Use.  By  David 
Murray,  LL.D.,  F.S.A.  3  vols.  (Glasgow,  Mac- 
Lehose  &  Sons.) 

DR.  MURRAY'S  excellent  work  on  museums  grew, 
we  are  told,  out  of  a  presidential  address  delivered 
by  him  in  the  winter  of  1897  before  the  Glasgow 
Archaeological  Society.  In  the  course  of  the  studies 
pursued  with  a  view  to  the  preparation  of  this, 
the  author  discovered  that,  though  a  considerable 
literature  on  the  subject  was  in  existence, 
information  concerning  the  history  and  develop- 
ment of  museums  as  scientific  institutions  was 
with  difficulty  to  be  found  in  ordinary  works  of 
reference.  On  the  shortcomings  of  works  of  this 
class  he  insists ;  and  the  investigations  we  have 
personally  conducted  have  convinced  us  of  the 
justice  of  his  complaint,  not  only  as  regards  this 
country,  but  also  so  far  as  concerns  France.  After 
some  tentative  efforts,  the  results  of  which  were 
not,  as  he  confesses,  wholly  satisfactory,  he  began 
the  labours  which  have  resulted  in  the  present 
volumes.  The  product  is,  in  the  first  place,  a 
"bibliography  of  bibliographies,"  a  •work  the  im- 
portance of  which  is  gradually  being  grasped. 
Much  space  is  accorded  to  the  subject  of  museo- 
graphy.  With  books  on  the  practical  working  of 
museums,  "  the  collection,  preparation,  and  pre- 
servation of  specimens :  their  registration  and 
exhibition,"  Dr.  Murray  actively  concerns  himself, 
prefixing  to  the  section  a  short  subject -biblio- 
graphy. The  second  and  third  volumes  are  largely 
made  up  of  details  as  to  catalogues  and  other 
works  relating  to  particular  museums  and  special 
collections.  Museums  which  have  issued  no  cata- 
logues, or  of  which  no  description  has  been  put 
forth,  do  not  appear.  Allowance  being  made  for 
the  limitations  and  restrictions  thus  imposed,  the 
information  supplied  is  of  remarkable  utility  to  a 
large  class  of  readers,  and  the  history  is  a  work  of 
great  labour  and  erudition. 

In  the  collections  will  be  found  the  most  useful 
and  valuable  portion  of  the  work,  and  that  which 
will  most  commend  it  to  the  antiquary  and  the 
scholar.  To  the  general  reader,  however,  its  intro- 
ductory chapters  are  a  mine  of  delightful  informa- 
tion, and  few  works  of  modern  days  contain  more 
that  will  interest  and  stimulate  our  readers. 
Passing  over  with  brief  mention  the  great  institu- 
tion at  Alexandria,  founded  in  the  third  century 
before  Christ  by  Ptolemy  Philadelphia,  and  chro- 


nicling the  waggery  of  Neickelius,  scarcely  intended 
as  such,  in  his  '  Museographia,'  that  the  most  com- 
plete museum  of  natural  history  that  the  world  has 
seen  was  Noah's  Ark,  Dr.  Murray  points  to  temples 
and  great  ecclesiastical  edifices  as  the  homes  of 
what  we  will  simply  call  curiosities.  In  Milan, 
says  Addison,  were  relics  reaching  to  the  time  of 
Abraham.  Hair  from  the  beard  of  Noah  was  pre- 
served at  Corbie.  Moses's  brazen  serpent  is  still 
shown  in  the  nave  of  San  Ambrogio  in  Milan.  Pliny 
mentions  the  bones  of  the  monster  to  which  Andro- 
meda was  exposed  as  being  in  his  time  in  Rome. 
Every  church  had  its  treasury,  most  of  which  con- 
tained relics,  and  many  of  the  most  beautiful  objects 
which  now  adorn  our  museums  belonged  at  one  time 
to  churches.  The  Renaissance  was,  of  course,  a 
great  period  for  collecting,  and  the  discovery  of 
America  and  the  establishment  of  missions  among 
the  heathen  did  much  to  encourage  the  preserva- 
tion of  rarities  and  curiosities.  Some  eminently 
interesting  pages  are  devoted  to  the  first  collectors, 
from  Henry  Cornelius  Agrippa  de  Nettesheim,  the 
cabalist,  downwards.  George  Agrippa  (Bauer),  the 
father  of  mineralogy,  \yas  the  means  of  inducing 
Augustus  of  Saxony  to  fill  cabinets  which  developed 
into  the  Royal  Collection  of  Dresden.  Andrea 
Cesalpini  formed  in  the  sixteenth  century  a  her- 
barium, still  preserved  in  Florence.  Catalogues  of 
curiosities  were  printed  so  early  as  the  middle  of  the 
sixteenth  century.  One  of  the  most  interesting  of 
these  in  English  is  that  of  the  rarities  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  Leyden,  1591  (qy.  1691  ?).  Among  the  objects 
catalogued  is  the  skin  of  a  man  dressed  as  parch- 
ment. In  the  museum  of  the  Royal  Society  of 
London  there  was  a  bone  said  to  be  taken  from 
the  head  of  a  mermaid.  Unicorns'  horns  were  in 
great  estimation  and  commanded  a  high  price. 
Giants'  bones  were  common,  and  a  portion,  at  least, 
of  a  mummy  was  indispensable  in  every  museum  of 
any  pretension.  We  might  continue  for  ever  ex- 
tracting from  Dr.  Murray's  interesting  pages.  Of 
the  origin  of  the  British  Museum  a  full  account  is 
naturally  given,  and  we  have,  as  might  be  expected, 
something  about  the  Hunterian  and  Kelvingrove 
Museums  in  Glasgow,  the_  former  owing  much  to 
Capt.  Cook,  the  latter  to  Livingstone.  The  arrange- 
ment of  the  catalogues,  &c.,  relating  to  particular 
museums  is  under  names  of  places,  some  twenty 
pages  being  devoted  to  London.  It  is  quite  impos- 
sible to  do  full  justice  to  the  many  aspects  of  a 
work  which  we  warmly  commend  to  our  readers. 
Nothing  in  its  line  more  valuable  and  serviceable  is 
to  be  found. 

The  Cambridge  Modern  History.  Edited  by  A.  W. 
Ward,  Litt.D.,  G.  W.  Prothero,  Litt.D.,  and 
Stanley  Leathes,  M.A.— Vol.  III.  (Cambridge, 
University  Press.) 

THE  third  volume  of  '  The  Cambridge  Modern 
History,'  planned  by  Lord  Acton  and  directed  and 
executed  by  the  principal  living  historians,  deals 
with  the  great  and  enduring  schism  which  divides 
the  Christian  world  into  Protestant  and  Catholic. 
The  end  of  this  is  not  yet  in  sight,  though  the  field 
of  battle  and  the  nature  of  the  combat  are  changed, 
and  a  chance  exists  that  those  so  lately  the 
bitterest  of  antagonists  may  coalesce  in  resisting 
what  they  now  regard  as  their  joint  enemy.  Against 
the  supposition  of  such  rapprochement  may  be 
advanced  the  fact  that  no  alliance  of  the  kind  was 
formed  in  presence  of  the  persistent,  and  at  one 
time  eminently  menacing  advance  of  the  Ottoman 


118 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io<»  s.  m.  FM.  n,  1905. 


power.     Christian   leagues    were   .indeed    formec 
against  the  Turks.     How  half-hearted   and  diplo 
matic— to  use  no  word  of  stronger  condemnation — 
these  were,  is  shown  by  Dr.  Moritz  Brosch,  who 
writes  the  chapter  on  '  The  Height  of  the  Ottoman 
Power.'      What  is   most  obvious,  and  also  mosi 
expected,  in  the  volume  is  the  proof  furnished  how 
inextricably  interwoven  are  political  and  dynastic 
ambitions  with  theological  differences.    Whether 
we  are  dealing  with  the  strife  in  France  between 
Huguenot   and    Leaguer,    the   contests   of   which 
Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  was  the  perpetual  centre,  or 
the  "  spiritual   ardour  of  the  Catholic    reaction,' 
with  which  the  volume  is  largely  concerned,  the 
truth  is  equally  manifest.    Of  the  writers  who  took 
part  in  the  previous  volume,    and    whose    names 
appear  in  the  present,  the  most   conspicuous  i 
Mr.  Stanley  Leathes,  one  of  the  editors,  who  remains 
a  constant  and  valuable  support.  Other  contributors 
include    the  late   Samuel  Rawson    Gardiner,  Dr. 
Sidney  Lee,  the  Master  of  Peterhouse,  Major  Martin 
Hume,  and  Prof.  J.  K.  Laughton.      Among   the 
articles  of  most  interest  are  those  on  the  literary 
aspects  of  epochs.    Such  are  Mr.  Tilley's  chapter 
on    'French    Humanism    and    Montaigne,'    which 
includes  compendious  notices  of  the  '  Pleiade '  and  of 
French  poets  generally  to  Malherbe,  together  with 
a   very  short  account   of  the  '  Satyre  Menippee '  ; 
'  The  Elizabethan  Age  of   English  Literature,'  by 
Dr.  Sidney  Lee,  whose  contribution  is  all  too  brief, 
but  whose  verdicts  are  fortunately  accessible  else- 
where ;  and  Mr.  A.  J.  Butler's  '  Close  of  the  Italian 
Renaissance.'     With  these  may  be  associated  the 
Rev.  Neville  Figgis's  '  Political  Thought  in  the  Six- 
teenth Century.'    The  account  by  the  late  Thomas 
(j raves  Law,    sometime   Librarian  of   the   Signet 
Library,  Edinburgh,  of  Mary  Stewart,  as  he  elects  to 
call  the  Queen  of  Scots,  is  interesting  in  spite  of  its 
brevity.     Of  the  period  between  Mary's  marriage 
to  Bothwell  and  her  surrender  after  crossing  the 
Splway  a  good  account  is  given,  the  despair  and 
disgust  of  the  Catholic  powers  being  vividly  painted. 
An  excellent  description  of  the  Casket  Letters  emits 
no  very  distinct  utterance  concerning  their  genuine- 
ness, but  declares  them  to  have  had  no  effect  upon 
international  politics.     If  genuine  they  would  show 
Mary  as  something  "far  worse  than  an  ill  used  wife 
conniving  at  the  murder  of  a  worthless  husband 
who  threatened  to  be  her  ruin."    Prof.  Laughton's 
account  of  the  Elizabethan  naval  war  with  Spain  is 
equally  vigorous  and  striking.    It  shovys,  however, 
how  vacillating  was  the  policy  of  Elizabeth.    To 
Medina  Sidonia  is  attributed  the  disastrous — to  the 
Spaniards — result  of  the  first  encounter  of  the  two 
fleets  on  21  July,  the  fighting  on  which  day  "gave 
the  key-note  to  all  that  followed."  From  the  charge 
of  niggardliness  in  the  supply  of  powder,  frequently 
brought  against  her,  Elizabeth  is  defended.    The 
allowance  had  been  great  beyond  precedent,  but  so 
also  was  the  expenditure.    Another  error  that  is 
dispelled  is  that  England  was  saved  from  a  very 
great  danger  by  the  providential  interference  of 
storms.   Full  credit  is  allowed  by  Dr.  Sidney  Lee  to 
the  patriotic  action  of  the  Roman  Catholics  in  the 
chapter  on  the  closing  years  of  Elizabeth.    Of  the 
queen  it  is  said  that  "her  political  creed,  even 
more  avowedly  than  that  of  her  father,  brother, 
and  sister,  was  the  creed  of  despotism."    Here  we 
draw  breath.    It  is  obviously   impossible    to    do 
justice  to,  or  indeed  give  the  slightest  account  of. 
the  various   interesting   and    important  chapters 
which  constitute  the  volume.    No  pretence  is  made 


to  supply  an  account  of  one  of  the  most  important 
volumes  of  the  series.  In  every  case  in  which  we 
have  tested  the  accounts  we  have  found  them 
condensed  and  lucid.  All  that  we  miss  are  the 
illustrative  pictures  of  historical  characters  for 
which  the  scheme,  with  its  limitations,  seems 
hardly  to  provide  space. 

A  Guide  to  the  Best  Historical  Novels  and  Tales 

By  Jonathan  Nield.    (Elkin  Ma  thews.) 
How  welcome  and  useful  is  Mr.  Nield's  guide  to 
the  best  historical  novels  is  proven  by  the  fact  that 
the  work,  which  first  saw  the  light  in  May,  190° 
has  already  been  twice  reissued.    So  much  has  been 
added  to  it  since  its   appearance  that  the  third 
edition   is  almost  twice   the  size  of  the  first.    In 
the    second    edition    were    introduced  eminently 
desirable  features,   including  — perhaps  the  most 
indispensable  of  all— complete  indexes  to  authors 
and   titles ;    while   the   third  constitutes  in  some 
respects  a  new  book.    Detailed  descriptions,  with 
special   references    to   localities   and    personages 
have    been    substituted    for    vague    generalitfes ; 
original  dates  of  publication  have  been  supplied  ; 
novels  of  special  value  have  been  indicated  ;  a  new 
arrangement,  in  three  columns,  of  the  separate  items 
has  been  made ;   and   various    modifications    and 
alterations  have  been  accomplished.     Thus  rear- 
ranged, and  in  part  reconstituted,  the  book  is  not 
only  a  valuable  work  of    reference,  but,  what  it 
claims  to  be.  a  pleasant  and  an  edifying  guide  to  the 
lover  and  the  student  of  historical  fiction.     Our 
own  attention  was  drawn  to  it  in  connexion  with  a 
recent  suggestion  in  our  columns  that,  in  connexion 
with  the  centenary  of  the  Battle  of  Trafalgar,  a  list 
of  the  tales  connected  with  Nelson  should  be  pub- 
lished.    Such  a  list— as  was  pointed  out— already 
existed  in   Mr.   Nield's  work,   which  will  hence- 
forward be  always  at  our  elbow.     Our  own  leisure 
—if  the  use  of  such  a  word  is  not  ironical— has  not 
been  largely  occupied  with  the  perusal  of  fiction. 
With  the  great  works  of  Scott,  Thackeray,  Balzac, 
Defoe,  Dumas,  Hugo,  Flaubert,  and  others  we  are,  of 
course,  familiar,  and  we  have  distant  recollections- 
of  Cooper,  Ainsworth,  Lytton,  and  James,  and  others 
more  recent  of  Stevenson.    Such  knowledge  as  we 
possess   fails,   however,  to   suggest    an    omission, 
except  it  be  a  novel  of  Leatham's,  the  name  and 
subject  of  which  we  alike  forget.     How  far  fiction 
is  to  be  trusted  as  a  basis  of  historical  information 
we  know  not.    It  must,  however,  be  conceded  that 
:he  historical  views  of  most  of  us  concerning  the 
Wars  of  the  Roses  and  other  epochs  are  coloured  by 
the  Chronicle-plays  of  Shakespeare,  which,  for  the 
sake  of  the  argument,  may  be  treated  as  novels ;: 
t  is  known  that  '  Quentin   Durward  '  has    been 
employed  as  a  text-book   in  French  Lycees ;   it  is 
*lt  that  the  light  cast  by  works  such  as  '  The 
loister  and  the  Hearth  '  and  '  Esmond  '  is  clearer 
than  can  be  obtained  from  history,  and  that  a  work 
such, even, as  'La  Chartreuse  de  Parme '  deserves  the- 
recognition  it  has  won.     We  are  delighted  to  have 
made  acquaintance  with  Mr.  Nield's  valuable  book, 
and  are  content  to  think  we  shall  have  it  at  hand' 
or  future  suggestion  and  reference. 

At   Shakespeare's   Shrine :   a   Poetical  Antholor/v. 
Edited  by  Chas.  F.  Forshaw,  LL.D.    (Stock.) 
OT  the  first  attempt  is  this  of  Dr.  Forshaw  to 
ollect  rimed  homages  to  Shakespeare.    It  is,  how-   - 
ver,  the  most  elaborate  and  the  most  ambitious.   • 
evious  works  of  the  class,  including  Dr.  Ingleby's- 


in.  FEB.  11, 1905.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


119 


'  Centurie  of  Praj'se,'  have  restricted  their  extracts 
to  early  writers,  if  not  to  those  of  established 
reputation.  l)r.  Forahaw  has  come  down  to  modern 
days,  and  has  burdened  his  book  with  passages 
from  nineteenth  or  twentieth  century  obscurities 
in  a  manner  destructive  of  all  sense  of  balance  or 
proportion.  A  single  couplet  of  Thomas  Heywood 
from  the  '  Hierarchic  of  the  Blessed  Angels,'  which 
is  not  given, 

Mellifluous  Sliake-spearc,  whose  enchanting  Quill 

Commanded  Mirth  or  Passion,  was  but  Will, 
is  worth  reams  of  modern  rubbish ;  and  Dryden's 
comment  on    his  own    mangled  version   of    '  The 
Tempest,'  also  not  given, 

But  Shakespeare's  magic  could  not  copied  be  ; 

Within  that  circle  none  durst  walk  save  he 
(we  quote  from  memory),  is  far  better  than  the 
longer  extracts  from  him  which  are  supplied.  Much 
of  interest  is,  of  course,  furnished — the  tributes  of 
Ben  Jonson,  Milton,  Matthew  Arnold,  Hartley 
Coleridge,  Thomas  Hood,  and  many  others  being 
given.  A  sense  of  burlesque  is,  however,  conveyed 
when  we  find  Mr.  John  George  Speed  fa  writer 
wholly  unknown  to  us,  as  are  many  of  Dr.  Forshaw's 
bards)  beginning  some  verses  with 

England!  spare  that  place ; 
Touch  not  a  single  stone, 

which  seems  like  a  barefaced  imitation  of  a  once- 
popular  song, 

Woodman  !  spare  that  tree  ; 
Touch  not  a  single  bough. 

Drayton's  quatrain  on  Shakespeare— of  the  inser- 
tion of  which,  naturally,  we  do  not  complain — is  un- 
worthy of  both  poets.  On  the  whole,  of  things  of  little 
repute  which  appear,  Garrick's  "  Ye  Warwickshire 
lads  and  ye  lasses"  is  the  best.  There  is  a  good 
lilt  about  "  For  the  wag  of  all  wags  was  a  W(trn:i<-];- 
*hin  wag.'5  This  was  written  by  the  actor  for  his 
once  famous  Shakespeare  Jubilee,  which,  absurd  as 
it  was  in  some  respects,  eclipses  in  interest  what 
has  since  been  done.  Dr.  Forshaw— who  is  a  con- 
tributor to  his  own  volume — speaks  generously  of 
the  share  of  'N.  &  Q.'  in  announcing  his  scheme, 
and  securing  him  a  portion  of  his  material.  We 
acknowledge  his  kindness,  but  we  cannot  conceal 
our  impression  that  the  omission  of  a  third  of  his 
matter  would  improve  his  book.  The  choice  of  a 
great  subject  does  not  necessarily  beget  great  treat- 
ment, or  we  should  not  have  so  many  contemptible 
hymns — contemptible,  that  is,  from  the  literary 
standpoint.  Dr.  Garnett  has  allowed  of  the  appear- 
ance in  '  At  Shakespeare's  Shrine '  of  his  lecture 
on  '  Plays  partly  written  by  Shakespeare,'  delivered 
before  the  London  Shakespeare  Society  in  April 
jast, 

mmer  Norwood  Athenctum :  The  Record  of  the 
Winter  Muting*  and  Summer  Excursions,  1904. 
(Printed  by  Truslove  &  Bray,  West  Norwood.) 
THE  work  of  the  twenty-eighth  season  of  the 
Upper  Norwood  Athenjeum  has  been  excellent  in 
every  way.  The  winter  meetings  were  resumed, 
and  special  permission  having  been  obtained  from 
the  Duke  of  Wellington,  Apsley  House  was  the 
first  place  visited,  Mr.  H.  Martyn  Hill  being  the 
conductor.  Mr.  Hill  in  his  paper  related  the  story 
of  George  II.  and  the  soldier  Allen.  Allen,  who 
had  fought  under  the  king  at  Dettingen,  had  an 
apple-stall  on  the  present  site  of  Apsley  House. 
The  king,  riding  past  one  morning,  saw  Allen,  and 


asked  what  he  could  do  for  him.  "  Please,  your 
Majesty,  to  give  me  a  grant  of  the  bit  of  ground  my 
hut  stands  on,  and  I  shall  be  happy."  "  Be  happy," 
said  the  king,  and  Allen's  wish  was  granted. 
Allen's  son  became  a  lawyer,  and,  after  a  stately- 
mansion  had  been  erected,  put  in  a  claim  which  was 
settled  by  the  payment  of  45W.  per  annum  as  ground 
rent.  Another  winter  meeting  was  at  the  museum 
of  the  Record  Office,  the  paper  being  read  by  Mr. 
Thomas  H.  Alexander.  The  summer  excursions 
included  Ockham  (paper  read  by  Mr.  Charles 
Wheeler),  the  Pilgrims  Way  and  Coldrum  (paper 
by  Mr.  \V.  T.  Vincent),  Chenies  and  Latimer  (Mr. 
A.  J.  Pitman),  Ongar  (Mr.  H.  A.  King),  Colnbrook 
and  Stanwell  (the  editor,  who  also  took  St.  John's 
Gate  at  one  of  the  winter  meetings),  and  Winchester,, 
when  Mr.  G.  H.  Lindsey-Renton  was  the  leader. 
The  last  paper,  like  all  the  others,  had  been  carefully 
prepared.  We  would  advise  Mr.  Renton  to  read 
Mr.  Sergeant's  '  Winchester,'  one  of  the  series  of 
excellent  guides  to  the  Cathedrals  published  by 
Messrs.  Bell  &  Sons,  and  reviewed  by  us  on, 
26  February,  1898.  Mr.  Theophilus  Pitt,  who  edits 
The  Record  for  the  first  time,  has  done  so  with 
much  care,  and  the  number  of  beautiful  illustrations 
render  the  booklet  very  attractive.  We  would 
suggest  to  the  Upper  Norwood  Athenseum  that  it 
would  be  interesting  to  arrange  for  a  general  meet- 
ing with  the  members  of  kindred  societies,  such 
as  those  of  Hampstead,  Woolwich,  Balham,  &c.  ; 
it  would  be  pleasant  to  compare  notes  as  to  progress 
made. 

THE  Burlington  opens  with  a  beautiful  frontis- 
piece of  Adam  and  Eve,  after  Lucas  Cranach,  from 
Buckingham  Palace.  Other  admirable  reproduc- 
tions of  the  same  master,  also  from  the  royal 
collection,  appear,  accompanied  by  an  article  of 
Mr.  Lionel  Cust.  In  an  editorial  article  it  is  said 
that  the  mordant  caricatures  of  Mr.  Max  Beerbohm 
will  soon  be  appreciated.  Further  portrait  draw- 
ings by  J.  F.  Millet,  from  the  Staats  Forbes  collec- 
tion, are  given,  concluding  a  valuable  paper.  At 
p.  395  some  striking  miniatures  are  reproduced. 

THE  Fortnightly  opens  with  '"King  Lear"  in. 
Paris,'  by  M.  Maurice  Maeterlinck.  From  this  we 
learn  that  the  recent  performance  of  'Lear'  at  the 
Theatre  Antoine  has  not  been  wholly  successful,  and 
that,  «  propos  of  this  play,  the  best-known  Parisian 
critics  were  writing  in  a  style  recalling  the  worst 
heresies  of  Voltaire.  M.  Emile  Faguet  speaks  of 
most  of  it  as  being  "no  more  than  a  heap  of  stupid 
crimes,  foolish  horrors,  and  idiotic  vices.''  It  is, 
M.  Faguet  declares,  a  "  bruto-tragedy  or  bruto- 
drama."  Prof.  J.  Churton  Collins  writes  eloquently 
and  well  on  the  enlightened  side  under  the  heading 
'  Greek  at  the  Universities.'  Under  the  title  '  The 
Red  Virgin  of  Montmartre'  the  late  Louise  Michel 
is  described.  '  French  Life  and  the  French  Stage ' 
resolves  itself  into  an  account  of  the  production  at 
the  Odeon  of  '  La  Deserteuse  '  of  M.  Brieux  and  at 
the  Comudie  Franchise  of  M.  Capus's  latest  farce. 
'  Kitchen  Comedies,'  by  Mrs.  John  Lane,  presents 
amusingly  most,  but  not  quite  all,  of  the  aspects  of 
the  servant  question. — On  '  Compulsory  Greek  as  a 
National  Question '  Prof.  \Vestlake  writes,  in  the 
Nineteenth  Century,  in  a  sadly  different  spirit  from 
Prof.  Churton  Collins,  and  we  turn  from  his  article 
with  som«  discouragement.  Mr.  Fuller  Maitland 
describes  the  madrigal  as  'A  Waning  Glory  of 
England.'  It  is  curious  that  of  three  musicians  of 
the  middle  of  last  century,  whose  works  are  selected 


120 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  in.  FK*.  n,  1905. 


for  praise,  two  died  in  1856  and  one  in  1854.  Homage 
is  paid  to  many  composers  of  to-day,  including  Sir 
Hubert  Parry,  whose  "  Who  can  dwell  with  great- 
ness" is  warmly  commended.  Lady  Currie  gives 
some  singularly  vivid  sketches  of  the  life  to  be  con- 
templated 'From  the  Toll-bar  of  the  Galata  Bridge,' 
connecting  Pera  with  Stamboul.  Sir  George  Arthur 
writes  on  The  Bishops  and  the  Reformation 
Settlement.'  Baron  Suyematsu's  article  on  'Moral 
Teaching  in  Japan '  donne  furieusement  a  penset: 
It  will  be  long  before  our  army  accepts  teaching 
such  as  is  afforded  the  Japanese  soldiery.  Very 
hopeful  and  of  good  omen  is  Prof.  Vambery's  article 
on  'The  Awakening  of  the  Tartars.'  Fancy  a 
Tartar  quoting  Wyclif,  Luther,  Voltaire,  and  Her- 
bert Spencer ! — Mr.  H.  W.  Lucy  supplies  to  the 
Cornhill  a  paper  on  '  The  Lungs  of  the  House  of 
'Commons,'  which  is  very  amusing.  '  A  Russian 
Napoleon'  deals  with  Count  Suvoroff,  assuredly 
one  of  the  greatest  and  most  remarkable  soldiers 
of  the  eighteenth  century.  Mr.  Frank  T.  Bullen 
$cives  a  picturesque  description  of  'Kingston, 
Jamaica,'  which  is  declared  to  be  an  ideal  winter 
resort.  Mr.  Shenstone  writes  '  On  Weighing  Atoms,' 
and  His  Honour  Judge  Prowse  on  'Old -Time 
Newfoundland.'  General  Maunsell  furnishes  some 
interesting  'Recollections  of  Active  Service.' — In 
the  Gentleman's  Mr.  J.  H.  MacMichael  continues 
iiis  very  interesting  'Charing  Cross  and  its  Imme- 
diate Neighbourhood.'  Mr.  R.  0.  Sherington  has  a 
•full  account  of  '  The  Tottenham  Street  Theatre.' 
Mr.  Tompkins  does  justice  to  Grant  Allen,  though 
-we  are  far  from  agreeing  with  some  of  his  views. 
•'  A  Frenchwoman's  Love-Letters '  are  those  of 
Mile,  de  Lespinasse. — A  frontispiece  to  the  Pall 
Mall  consists  of  a  drawing  of  Albury  Old  Church, 
to  illustrate  verses  of  Mrs.  Marriott  Watson, 
mnder  the  title  of  '  London  at  Prayer '  Mr.  Charles 
Moriey  deals  with  the  Great  Synagogue  in  Jewry. 
Trof.  Nispi-Landi  describes  '  The  Buried  Treasures 
of  the  Tiber."  Lord  Avebury  and  Mr.  John  Hare 
are  depicted  by  Mr.  Herbert  Vivian  in  '  Studies  in 
Personality.'  'A  Lincolnshire  Treasure  House 'is 
well  written  and  well  illustrated.  — '  Darky,  the 
!Boundary  Bog,'  in  Longman's,  is  very  touching. 
'  Hampstead  Revisited,'  by  Prof.  Sully,  awakens 
melancholy  reflections.  In  spite  of  modern  and 
terrible  innovation,  the  streets  of  Hampstead  are 
still  happily  aecidented.  Among  much  amusing 
matter,  Mr.  Lang  suggests  burning  a  proof-reader 
pour  encourager  Us  autres. 

A  CORRESPOSDKKT  writes  : — "  The  death  of  Mr. 
Thomas  Blashill,  F.R.I.B.A.,  formerly  architect  to 
the  London  County  Council  and  late  of  Highbury, 
took  place  at  his  residence,  29,  Tavistock  Square, 
W.C.,  on  20  January,  after  a  short  illness.  He  was 
born  in  1830  at  Sutton-on-Hull,  Yorkshire,  and  was 
the  son  of  Mr.  Henry  Blashill,  of  that  place,  and 
grandson  of  Mr.  Robert  Blashill,  living  near 
Patrington,  Yorks,  about  1780.  Mr.  Blashill 
married  Honor  Pitt,  second  daughter  of  Benjamin 
Wharton  'Nind,  formerly  of  Leyton,  Essex,  by 
'Ellen,  nee  Womersley,  his  wife.  She  survives, 
without  issue.  Mr.  Blashill  was  educated  at  Hull 
and  Scarborough,  and  professionally  at  University 
•College.  For  some  time  he  was  in  a  stockbroker's 
office,  but  this  not  proving  congenial  to  his  taste, 
he  articled  himself  to  an  architect,  which  profes- 
sion he  finally  adopted.  Besides  being  the  author 
of  'A  Guide  to  Tintern  Abbey'  and  the  writer 
•  of  the  'History  of  Sutton -iu-Holderness,'  his 


birthplace,  a  very  valuable  and  interesting  addi- 
tion to  Yorkshire  topography,  he  contributed 
several  instructive  articles  to  The  Antiquary,  and 
many  papers  to  the  leading  archaeological,  archi- 
tectural, and  antiquarian  journals  of  the  day.  He 
was  a  prominent  member  of  several  of  the  learned 
societies,  and  took  a  keen  interest  in  local  affairs. 
Readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  will  miss  his  timely  notes, 
and  the  antiquarian  world  will  have  lost  a  kind- 
hearted  and  genial  friend.  He  died  at  the  age  of 
seventy-five,  and  was  buried  at  Highgate  Cemetery 
on  24  January." 

J.  T.  P.  writes: — "An  occasional  correspondent 
of  '  N.  &  Q.,'  the  Rev.  William  Kirkpatrick  Riland 
Bedford,  for  many  years  rector  of  Sutton  Coldfield, 
Warwickshire,  has  just  passed  away.  He  died  at 
Cricklewood,  aged  seventy-eight,  on  23  January. 
At  8th  S.  ix.  218  he  was  alluded  to  by  the  late  Sam 
Timmins  (Este)  as  '  the  highest  authority  for  all 
relating  to  Sutton  Coldfield.'  His  last  contribution 
to  '  N.  &  Q.'  will  be  found  at  9th  S.  xii.  512." 


We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 
put  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
heading,  the  series,  volume,  and.  page  or  pages  to 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "Duplicate." 

D.  M.,  Philadelphia  ("The  more  I  know  of  men 
the  more  I  think  of  dogs  ").— This  seems  to  be  from 
a  French  original.    Various  French  forms  of  the 
saying  are  quoted  by  LADY  RUSSELL  at  7th  S.  ix.  288 
and  by  M.  PAUL  MASSON  at  8"'  S.  iv.  456. 

F.  E.  POTTER  ("The  Marseillaise").  —  See  the 
many  articles  on  the  origin  and  composer  of  the 
'Marseillaise'  in  the  eighth  volume  of  the  Ninth 
Series. 

E.  M.    SOTIIEBY   ("Bolt  from  the  blue"). —  See 
the  discussions  in  7th  S.  iii.,  iv. ;  8th  S.  iii.,  iv.,  v. 

J.  H.  RELTON  ("Vice-Chamberlain  Coke").— Will 
appear. 

P.  M.  ("John  Gilpin's  Route").— See  9th  S.  xii. 
170,  217,  255,  371,  437. 

CORRIGENDUM.— Ante,  p.  56,  col.    1,  1.  20  from 
bottom,  for  "  8th  S."  read  10th  S. 
NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "  The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries'"— Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Pub- 
lisher"— at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  B.C. 

We  beg  leave  to  state  that  we  decline  to  return 
communications  which,  for  any  reason,  we  do  not 
print ;  and  to  this  rule  we  can  make  no  exception. 


s.  in.  FEB.  11, 1905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


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121 


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CONTENTS.-No.  60. 

NOTES  :— Omar's  Prosody— Shakespeare  and  Agincourt.  121 
—Clocks  stopped  at  Death,  124— "  Wilie-beguilies  "—Com- 
missary Court  of  Westminster,  125  —  "Oriel"  —  "Had 
better  have  been  "— "  Thrub  Chandler,"  126. 

QUERIES  :— "  Once  so  merrily  hopt  she  "—Milton  Portrait 
'—Burton  Abbey  Cartulary  —  "  Algarva "  —  Sir  Abraham 
Sbipman  —  Hippomanes  —  Molly  Lepel's  Descent  —  Sir 
Walter  Raleigh's  'Historic  of  the  World,'  127— "  Most 
moving  first  line  in  English  poetry  " — Authors  of  Quota- 
tions Wanted— Anchorites'  Dens  —  '  Moser's  Vestiges  '— 
Delafosse,  Winchester  Commoner — '  The  Forte  Frigate' — 
Small  Parishes— '  Kebecca,'  a  Novel,  128 -Saxton  Family, 
129. 

EPLIE8  :— Englishmen  under  Foreign  Governments,  129 
—Charles  I.  in  Spain— Bibliographical  Notes  on  Dickens 
and  Thackerav,  131— "Broken  heart"— The  Lyceum 
Theatre,  132  — Ser.ieantson  Family  of  Hanlith— London 
Cemeteries  in  I860— Tyrrell  Family— Ainsty—'  Paradise 
Lost'  of  1751,  133— Spelling  Reform— Verse  on  a  Cook- 
Clergyman  as  City  Councillor— The  Nail  and  the  Clove— 
Coutances,  Winchester,  and  the  Channel  Islands,  134— 
English  Burial-ground  at  Lisbon  — Sir  T.  Cornwallis— 
Samuel  Wilderspin— Extraordinary  Tide  in  the  Thames, 
135— Police  Uniforms  :  Omnibuses,  136— Danish  Surnames 
—William  III.  at  the  Boyne— 'The  Northampton  Mer- 
cury '— "  Snowte  "  :  Weir  and  Fishery,  137. 

NOTES  OX  BOOKS  :— Barnabe  Barnes's  '  Devil's  Charter' 
and  'Ben  Jonson's  Dramen  ' — FitzGerald's  Translation 
of  Omar—'  Intermediate '— '  Folk-lore.' 

Booksellers'  Catalogues. 
Obituary  :— Mr.  H.  H.  Drake. 
Notices  to  Correspondents. 


OMAR'S    PROSODY. 

IT  is  curious  that  amid  all  the  mass  of 
literature  which  has  been  written  around 
Omar  and  FitzGerald,  there  is  nowhere  any 
popular  account  of  what  a  niljai  is,  metrically, 
or  how  it  is  recited  in  the  original  by  Persians. 
Of  course  there  are  treatises  on  Oriental 
prosody,  but  they  would  be  caviare  to  the 
general  reader,  and  it  is  of  him  that  I  am 
thinking. 

Surely  there  must  be  many  who  only  know 
Omar  in  translation,  especially  among 
students  of  Latin  verse,  who  would  be  glad 
to  learn  just  what  a  rubdi  is,  prosodically. 
Unfortunately,  there  is  a  notion  abroad  that 
the  line  of  ten  syllables,  employed  by  Fitz- 
Gerald and  most  of  his  successors,  is,  as  one 
of  them  expresses  it,  "  a  beautiful  echo  of  the 
old  Persian  music."  Even  Whinfield,  who 
should  have  known  better,  declares  that  it 
very  clearly  suggests  it.  Never  was  there  a 
more  patent  error.  With  the  best  will  in  the 
world,  I  am  unable  to  detect  in  the  deca- 
syllabic line  the  slightest  movement  of  the 
Persian.  Indeed,  it  is  difficult  to  see  how  a 
line  of  five  regular  feet  could  suggest  one  of 
four  feet,  which  are  never  all  alike,  and 
frequently  all  differ.  Let  us  take  the  first 


line  of  what  Mr.  Swinburne  has  called  the 
"  crowning  stanza"  of  all  FitzGerald  wrote  : 

Oh,  Thou,  who  Man  of  baser  Earth  didst  make  ! 
In  the  Persian  it  runs  as  follows  : — 

Ai  Vakif  e  asrar  e  zamir  e  hama  kas  ! 

This  is  a  typical  rubai  line,  and  will  repay 
study.  Expressed  in  longs  and  shorts,  its 
paradigm  would  be  : — 

'     _    |    ^,    '    v^    |    s^     '    ^    I    ^   ' 

Like  every  mbdi  line,  it  contains  four  feefc, 
and  consequently  four  accents  : — 

I.  A  foot  of  three  syllables,  stressed  on 
the  central  one. 

2  and  3.  Two  feet  of  four  syllables  each, 
stressed  on  the  ante-penultimate. 

4.  A  foot  of  two  syllables,  stressed  like  an 
iambus. 

It  will  be  perceived  that  this  differs  entirely 
from  FitzGerald's  line.  Whinfield  employed 
the  same  line  as  FitzGerald,  but  his  transla- 
tion is  more  literal : — 

Oh,  Thou  !  who  know'sfr  the  secret  thoughts  of  all ! 
Unaltered  I  cannot  accept  this  as  an  echo  of 
the  Persian,  but  perhaps  the  following  might 
pass  as  such  : — 

Oh,  Thou  !  who  dost  know  the  secret  thoughts  of 
each  and  all ! 

As  I  have  hinted,  it  is  one  difference 
between  the  English  line  and  the  Persian 
that  the  former  is  ahvays  regular,  whereas 
the  latter  may  be  varied  in  no  fewer  than 
twenty-four  different  ways,  and  may  consist 
of  as  many  as  thirteen,  or  as  few  as  ten 
syllables.  It  may  not  be  unwelcome  if,  to 
complete  this  necessarily  short  sketch,  I  give 
some  idea  of  how  the  changes  are  rung. 

1.  The  first  foot  admits  of  only  two  forms  : 
the  anti-bacchius,  as  in  the  specimen  above, 
and  the  molossus  ( '  — ). 

2  and  3.  The  second  and  third  feet  are  very 
irregular  and  variously  stressed.  If,  as  is 
more  usual,  they  have  four  syllables,  they  are 
stressed  on  the  ante-penultimate,  as  in  the 
specimen  above.  (One  meets  with  ^  — '  —  ^ 
^  — '  >-'  —  and  ^  — ' .) 

4.  The  last  foot  may  consist  of  one  or  two 
syllables :  one  if  the  final  of  the  preceding 
foot  is  long,  but  an  iambus  (as  above)  if  it 
is  short.  In  either  case  the  fourth  ictus  is 
upon  the  last  syllable  of  the  whole  line. 

JAMES  PLATT,  Jun. 


SHAKESPEARE  AND  AGIXCOURT. 
AT  first  sight  one  is  inclined  to  deride  the 
passage  in  '  Henry  V.'  (IV.  viii.  80-112)  which 
contrasts  the  small  number  of  the  dead  upon 
the  English  side  with  the  vast  losses  of  the 
French,  as  the  merest  exaggeration  of  local 


122 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES, 


s.  in.  FEB.  is,  1905. 


patriotism.  But  the  chroniclers,  although 
their  accounts  of  the  numbers  engaged  vary 
considerably,  are  in  practical  agreement 
regarding  the  great  slaughter  of  the  French 
by  the  invaders  in  this  amazing  battle. 
Agincourt  proved  even  more  deadly  to  France 
than  Poitiers:  the  whole  English  loss  did  not 
amount  to  a  hundred  men ;  while  the  French 
lost,  in  dead  and  prisoners,  ten  thousand 
men— the  flower  of  their  army.  Monstrelet 
puts  the  total  of  the  French  forces  at  one 
hundred  and  fifty  thousand — six  times  the 
numbers  of  the  English.  But  Henry's  army 
cannot  have  contained  twenty-five  or  even 
twenty  thousand  men.  He  had  lost  one-fifth 
of  his  invading  army  before  Harfleur,  in 
which  he  left  five  hundred  men-at-arms  and 
a  thousand  archers  as  a  garrison.  The 
remainder,  according  to  his  chaplain  Elmham, 
consisted  only  of  five  thousand  archers  and 
scarcely  nine  hundred  men-at-arms  ;  but 
Monstrelet  estimates  the  former  at  fifteen 
thousand,  the  latter  at  two  thousand. 

Prof.  C.  W.  C.  Oman,  in  his  account  of  the 
battle,  shows  that  Henry's  line  was  composed 
on  the  old  plan  that  had  been  seen  at  Crecy  : 
"Right,  centre,  and  left  each  consisted  of  a 
small  body  of  men-at-arms,  flanked  by  two 
bodies  of  archers,  drawn  up  in  the  triangular 
harrow-shape,  and  protected  by  a  line  of 
stakes.''  The  French,  on  the  other  hand, 
repeated  the  mistakes  of  Poitiers.  Dismount- 
ing almost  the  whole  of  their  men-at-arms, 
they  formed  them  into  three  solid  lines,  one 
behind  the  other,  on  a  front  no  broader  than 
that  of  the  English  army.  On  the  wings, 
indeed,  were  small  squadrons  of  mounted 
men  under  picked  leaders,  who  were  ordered 
to  ride  on  ahead  of  the  main  body,  and  clear 
away,  if  possible,  the  English  archers  from 
before  their  comrades'  advance.  The  ineffec- 
tive charges  of  these  squadrons  began  the 
battle.  Man  and  horse  went  down  before 
the  English  shafts,  or  ever  they  got  near  the 
stakes  of  the  bowmen.  The  main  battle, 
weighed  down  by  the  heavy  armour  of  the 
period,  and  tired  out  before  they  reached 
the  enemy's  lines,  also  fell  an  easy  prey  to 
Henry's  archers.  Stuck  fast  in  the  mud  and 
riddled  with  arrows,  the  nobility  of  France 
were  hewn  down,  while  the  archers  "  beat 
upon  their  armour  with  mallets  as  though 
they  were  hammering  upon  anvils,"  and 
rolled  them  one  over  another  until  the  dead 
lay  three  deep.  For  when  the  English  arrows 
had  given  out,  Henry  bade  his  whole  army 
charge,  and  it  was  the  onset  of  the  archers 
with  axe,  mallet,  and  sword  that  settled  the 
day.  "That  unarmoured  men  should  have 
prevailed  over  mailed  men  under  the  odds 


of  six  to  one,  and  on  plain  open  ground,  is- 
one  of  the  marvels  of  history.''    While  the 
victory     was    yet    unachieved,     news    was 
brought    to    Henry    that    the   enemy    waa 
attacking  his  rear,  and  had,  indeed,  already 
captured  a  large  part  of  his  baggage.    He 
accordingly  issued  orders  that  the  prisoners- 
were  to  be  killed.    He  knew  that  the  French 
forces  still  outnumbered  his  own,  and  that, 
were  they  to  rally,  the  prisoners,  of  whom  a 
considerable  number  had  already  been  taken, 
would  constitute  a  formidable  danger.     The 
knights  to  whom  the  king  issued  his  com- 
mand flatly  refused  to  obey,  and  a  squire 
with  three  hundred  archers  had  to  be  sent  to 
execute  it.     Prisoners,   we  must  remember, 
were  noblemen  and  gentlemen,  and  the  large 
ransoms  paid   by   them  would   in  ordinary 
cases    fall    to    the    share    of    their  captors. 
Unfortunately  the  sequel   proved  that  this 
horrible  deed  was  not  a  military  necessity. 
The  news  brought  to  the  king    had    been 
grossly  exaggerated  (see  the  play,  IV.  iv.  and 
vii.).   The  attack  on  the  rear  of  his  army  was- 
nothing  but  an  attempt  to  plunder.     One 
Isambart  of  Agincourt,  at  the  head  of  a  few 
men-at-arms  and  some  six  hundred  peasants, 
fell  upon  the  English  baggage  and  rifled  a 
large  part  of  it.      Many   jewels   were  lost. 
Monstrelet  mentions  a   sword,  ornamented 
with  diamonds,  which  was  part  of  the  royal 
property.     Walsingham  tells  us  the  English 
crown  was  captured.     What  crown  was  this  ?: 
Henry  IV.,  we  know,  at  his  coronation  wore 
a  crown  known  as  St.  Edward's,  which  was 
arched  over  instead  of  being  open  as  hereto- 
fore.     The    head    of    the    same    monarch's 
monumental   effigy    at    Canterbury    is    sur- 
mounted   by    a    lovely    open    crown.      The 
arched  crown  is  shown  in  the  sculpture  of 
the  coronation  of  Henry  V.  on  the  arch  of 
his  chantry  chapel  at  Westminster,  although 
in  his  portrait  at  Queens  College,   Oxford, 
he  wears  a  circlet  similar  to  that  used  by  his 
father's  predecessors. 

In  the  eleventh  volume  of  The  Ancestor 
Mr.  A.  E.  Maiden,  under  the  title  '  An  Official 
Account  of  the  Battle  of  Agincourt,'  prints- 
with  an  explanation  a  MS.'contained  in  Leger- 
Book  A  of  the  city  of  Salisbury.  This  ac- 
ount,  after  reciting  the  fact  that  King  Henry 
rossed  the  sea  with  a  great  army,  mentions 
the  siege  of  Harfleur.  It  continues,  "  On 
ris  march  he  was  opposed  by  a  great  French 
army  of  about  a  nundred  thousand  men, 
while  he  himself  had  not  with  him  more 
than  ten  thousand."  The  list  of  the  French 
slain  "in  the  field  of  Argencott  on  Friday,. 
Deing  the  feast  of  Saints  Crispin  and  Cris- 
pianus,  th>  25th  of  October,  141&,"  then, 


io«-  s.  in.  FEB.  is,  1905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


123 


follows.  It  begins  with  the  names  of  a  Con- 
stable of  France,  followed  by  three  dukes, 
five  counts,  over  eighty  messieurs  of  high 
degree,  "  and  four  thousand  valiant  knights 
and  esquires,  without  counting  the  common 
folk."  The  king's  prisoners  are  given  as  the 
Dukes  of  Orleans  and  Bourbon,  the  Marshal 
of  France  named  Bursegaud,  the  Count  de 
Rychemond,  the  Count  de  Verdon,  the  Count 
d'Eu,  "and  the  brother  of  the  Duke  d'Alencon, 
and  other  gentlemen  (et  le  frere  Duyk"  de 
Launson  et  autres  sieurs)."  The  Latin  lan- 
guage yields  to  French  with  Monsieur  Dam- 
piere — the  first  of  the  slain  with  this  prefix — 
down  to  the  end  of  the  list  of  those  killed 
upon  the  French  side.  The  sentence  giving 
the  list  of  French  prisoners  states  the  cir- 
cumstance in  Latin,  the  names  in  French  ; 
but  after  that  Latin  is  resumed. 

Shakespeare  follows  Holinshed  closely, 
only  omitting  mention  of  "  the  earle  of 
Nevers,"  a  brother  of  John  (Sanspeur),  Duke 
of  Burgundy,  the  "comes  de  Nywere"  of 
the  Sarurn  list.  This  count  was  ancestor  of 
the  Hohenzollerns,  the  Kings  of  Saxony, 
and  the  Dukes  of  Mantua.  To  take  the  three 
lists  in  order— those  of  Holinshed,  Shake- 
speare, and  Sarum— each  begins  with  the 
High  Constable  of  France,  called  Charles 
Lord  de  la  Breth,  Charles  Delabreth,  and 
Dominus  de  Brut  respectively.  Charles 
d'Albret  was  the  bastard  brother  of  Joan, 
Queen-Dowager  of  England.  He  led  the  van, 
and  died  of  his  wounds  the  day  after  the 
battle.  The  Count  de  Rychemond,  mentioned 
above,  who  was  brought  a  prisoner  to  Eng- 
land, was  Queen  Joan's  second  son,  by  her 
first  husband,  and  afterwards  Arthur  III., 
Duke  of  Brittany.  Shakespeare  makes  the 
Constable  advise  the  Dauphin  not  to  dis- 
parage Henry :  "  You  are  too  much  mistaken 
in  this  king."  Before  the  battle  the  Dauphin 
had  said  England 

is  so  idly  king'd, 

Her  sceptre  so  fantastically  borne 
By  a  vain,  giddy,  shallow,  humorous  youth, 
That  fear  attends  her  not. 

This  prince,  Louis,  the  hero  of  the  tennis- 
balls,  never  succeeded  to  the  French  throne, 
but  died  in  the  same  year  as  the  battle. 
His  next  brother  Jean  was  Dauphin,  in  his 
turn,  but  for  two  years,  and  was  succeeded 
by  the  third,  afterwards  Charles  VII.,  Joan 
of  Arc's  king.  Of  Louis,  Orleans  is  made  to 
say  in  the  play,  "  He  never  did  harm,  that  I 
heard  of."  "Jaques  of  Chatilon,  Lord  of 
Dampier,  admerall  of  France,"  is  simply 
"  Monsieur  Dampiere"  in  the  Sarum  list.  The 
latter,  unless  he  figures  under  another  name, 
omits  mention  of  the  Lord  Rambures,  Master 


of  the  Crossbows.  Shakespeare  gives  him. 
two  lines  of  dialogue.  Sir  Guischard  Dolphin,. 
Great  Master  of  France,  is,  I  suppose, 
represented  in  the  Sarum  list  by  ''Monsieur 
Gangers  de  Dolpyn."  In  the  fight  the  Duke 
of  Alencon  commanded  the  second  battle, 
and,  endeavouring  to  restore  the  fortune 
of  the  day  by  a  furious  charge,  broke 
the  English  line  and  struck  down  Hum- 
phrey, Duke  of  Gloucester,  with  his  own 
hand.  The  English  king,  rushing  forward' 
to  protect  his  brother,  himself  received, 
a  blow  which  brought  him  to  his  knees. 
The  French  duke  was,  however,  forced- 
to  yield,  and  was  slain  before  Henry 
could  save  him.  Jean,  Due  d'Aleneon,  was 
great-nephew  of  Philip  VI.,  and  ancestor  of 
the  House  of  Bourbon  and  of  the  Dukes  of" 
Mantua.  The  next  name  is  that  of  Anthony, 
Duke  of  Brabant,  younger  brother  of  John, 
Duke  of  Burgundy,  and  elder  brother  of 
Philip,  Count  of  Nevers,  mentioned  above. 
His  two  sons,  John  IV.  and  Philip,  dying 
without  issue,  the  duchy  reverted  to  his 
nephew,  Philip  the  Good,  Duke  of  Burgundy. 
Though  not  present  at  the  battle,  Burgundy 
visited  soon  after  the  stricken  field  where - 
his  two  uncles  had  been  slain.  The  next 
name  is  that  of  Edward,  Duke  of  Bap. 
Shakespeare  then  gives  the  names  of  eight 
counts :  Grand pree,  Roussie,  Fauconbridge 
(Fauconberge  in  Holinshed),  Foyes,  Beau- 
mont, Marie,  Vaudemont,  and  Lestrale 
(Lestrake  in  Holinshed).  The  Sarum  list, 
besides  the  omitted  Nevers,  gives  only 
Russe,  Breue,  Saunies,  and  Grauntepre 
among  the  counts  ;  but  among  the  Messieurs 
is  John  de  Beaurnond.  In  the  latter  list 
the  last  name  among  the  slain  is  that  of  Mon- 
sieur de  Haly  Lerceuesque  de  Soyns  (Sens), 
In  the  play  Grandpre,  "  a  valiant  and  most 
expert  gentleman,"  makes  a  speech  (IV.  ii.),  in 
which  he  describes  our  men  as  "yon  islands 
carrions,  desperate  of  their  bones."  Vaude- 
mont was  Frederick  of  Lorraine,  by  his 
marriage  with  Margaret,  heiress  of  Vaude- 
mont and  Joinville,  ancestor  of  the  House  of 
Guise. 

With  regard  to  the  French  prisoners,  both 
Holinshed  and  Shakespeare  content  them- 
selves with  mentioning  by  name  only  the- 
two  captured  princes  of  the  blood  royal  and- 
the  Marshal  of  France  the  Lord  Bouciqualt 
(Bursegaud  in  the  Sarum  list).  Jean  Bouci- 
cault  had  been  one  of  the  challengers  of 
Europe  at  the  jousts  of  St.  Ingelvert,  where 
John  of  Gaunt's  two  elder  sons,  the  Earl  of 
Derby  (aftersvards  Henry  IV.)  and  Sir  John 
Beaufort  (Earl  of  Somerset  and  Marquess 
of  Dorset  later),  ancestor  of  the  House  ofr 


124 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES, 


s.  in.  FEB.  is,  1005. 


Tudor,  maintained  the  honour  of  England. 
The  poet  Charles,  Duke  of  Orleans,  was  for 
five-and-twenty  years  a  captive  in  England. 
The  nephew  of  Charles  VI.,  he  had  married 
in  1408  his  cousin  Isabel,  the  virgin  widow 
of  our  llichard  II.  Through  his  mother, 
Valentina  Visconti,  he  laid  claim  to  the 
Duchy  of  Milan,  and  bequeathed  his  costly 
pretensions  in  this  quarter  to  his  son,  by 
Mary  of  Cleves,  afterwards  Louis  XII.  of 
France.  John,  Duke  of  Bourbon,  first  cousin 
-to  Charles  VI.,  to  whom  Shakespeare  gives 
the  line  "  Let 's  die  in  honour  :  once  more 
back  again,"  died  a  prisoner  in  1433,  and 
was  buried  in  London  at  Christ  Church, 
Xewgate. 

The  English  slain  are  given  by  Shake- 
•speare,  word  for  word  from  Holinshed,  as 
Edward,  Duke  of  York,  the  Earl  of  Suffolk, 
Sir  Richard  Ketly  (Kikelie  in  Holinshed), 
Davy  Gam,  Esquire,  "and,  of  all  other  men, 
but  five-and-twentie."  The  Sarum  list  gives 
only  York  and  Suffolk,  "and  no  more  of  the 
.leaders,  and  about  fifteen  others  of  gentle 
blood  (et  circa  xv.  de  aliis  personis  valet- 
torum)."  French  authorities  estimate  the 
.English  loss  variously  from  300  to  the  1,600 
of  Monstrelet.  The  Duke  of  York,  who  com- 
manded the  right  wing,  had  grown  very 
corpulent,  and  was  struck  down  by  Alencon. 
Henry,  stooping  to  succour  his  cousin,  was 
assailed  by  the  French  prince,  who  struck 
off  the  king's  jewelled  diadem.  This  Duke 
of  York  is  the  Edward  of  Norwich,  Earl  of 
'Rutland  and  Duke  of  Aumerle  (Albemarle), 
who  appears  in  'Richard  II.' as  the  faithful 
-friend  of  that  unhappy  prince.  This  duke 
was  the  elder  brother  of  Richard,  Earl  of 
Cambridge,  grandfather  of  Edward  IV.  and 
Richard  III.,  whom  Henry  had  executed  for 
high  treason  before  embarking  for  France. 
'  Their  mother  was  Isabella,  daughter  of  Peter 
-the  Cruel,  King  of  Castille,  whose  elder 
sister  Constance  carried  her  claim  to  the 
crowns  of  Castille  and  Leon  to  her  husband, 
.  John  of  Gaunt,  Duke  of  Lancaster.  Suffolk 
•is  Michael  de  la  Pole,  the  third  earl,  and 
was  only  in  his  twenty-second  year.  He  was 
succeeded  in  his  title  by  his  brother  William, 
afterwards  first  Duke  of  Suffolk,  whom 
Shakespeare  makes  the  lover  of  Queen  Mar- 
garet. Thomas  Beaufort,  Duke  of  Exeter, 
Henry's  uncle  of  the  half-blood,  describes 
the  manner  of  their  deaths  to  the  king  : — 

The  pretty  and  sweet  manner  of  it  forc'd 

Those  waters  from  me  which  I  would  have  stopp'd  ; 

.But  I  had  not  so  much  of  man  in  me, 

And  all  my  mother  came  into  mine  eyes 

And  gave  me  up  to  tears. 

He  makes  York,  who  lies  "larding    the 


plain"  like  a  nobler  Falstaff,  "all  haggled 
over,"  die  with  his  wounded  arm  over  the 
neck  of  the  already  lifeless  Suffolk  (IV.  vi.). 
This  touching  episode  is  not  to  be  found  in 
Holinshed.  Davy  Gam,  being  sent  by  Henry, 
before  the  battle,  to  ascertain  the  strength  of 
the  enemy,  reported  :  "  May  it  please  you, 
my  liege,  there  are  enough  to  be  killed, 
enough  to  be  taken  prisoners,  and  enough  to 
be  run  away."  He  was  himself  to  be  num- 
bered among  the  slain,  but  not  before  he  had 
saved  his  king's  life  in  "  this  glorious  and 
well-foughten  field."  Owen  Tudor  is  also 
said  to  have  saved  Henry's  life  on  this  occa- 
sion ;  he  certainly  espoused  his  master's 
widow,  Katherine  of  France,  and  became  by 
hergrandfatherof  Henry  VII.  The  chroniclers 
describe  the  battle  whereat,  to  quote  Mont- 
joy's  words, 

Our  vulgar  drench  their  peasant  limbs 
In  blood  of  princes  ; 

but  Shakespeare  makes  the  men  who  fight 
for  and  against  his  hero- king  live  and  move 
before  us.  The  battle  inspired  Michael 
Drayton  to  write  a  famous  ballad  ;  and  a 
modern  poet,  Mr.  William  Watson,  in  '  The 
Father  of  the  Forest,1  beautifully  says  of 
Henry  : — 

The  roystering  prince,  that  afterward 
Belied  his  madcap  youth,  and  proved 

A  greatly  simple  warrior  lord, 

Such  as  our  warrior  fathers  loved — 

Lives  he  not  still?  for  Shakespeare  sings 

The  last  of  our  adventurer  kings. 

His  battles  o'er,  he  takes  his  ease, 

Ulory  put  by,  and  sceptred  toil. 
Round  him  the  carven  centuries 

Like  forest  branches  arch  and  coil. 
In  that  dim  fane  he  is  not  sure 
Who  lost  or  won  at  Azincour  ! 

When  the  lovely  Gothic  gateway-tower  of 
Queen's  College,  Oxford  (facing  St.  Edmund 
Hall),  was  destroyed,  early  in  the  eighteenth 
century,  a  singularly  happy  inscription  was 
removed  also.  This  recorded  in  Latin  the 
fact  that "  Henry  V.,  conqueror  of  his  enemies 
and  of  himself,  was  once  the  great  inhabitant 
of  this  little  chamber."  A.  R.  BAYLEY. 


CLOCKS  STOPPED  AT  DEATH. — The  anniver- 
sary of  the  death  of  Queen  Victoria  recalled 
lately  to  the  mind  of  the  writer  an  episode 
in  his  experience  which  had  an  interesting 
sequel.  On  the  day  of  Queen  Victoria's 
funeral  he  photographed  Balmoral,  the 
Queen's  Highland  home,  showing  the  clock 
in  the  tower  with  the  hands  pointing  to  the 
hour  at  which  on  22  January  she  had  passed 
away,  now  four  years  ago.  The  photograph 
was  taken  in  the  midst  of  a  blinding  snow- 


io*  s.  ni.  FEB.  is,  1908.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


12-5 


storm,  the  photographer  standing  breastdeep 
in  snow.  It  was  the  only  photograph  taken 
of  Balmoral  that  day,  and  to  obtain  it  the 
writer  had  to  walk  the  eight  miles  from 
Ballater  and  back  again  in  three  feet  of 
snow,  carrying  his  camera,  the  roads  being 
impassable  to  any  wheeled  conveyance. 

After  he  had  secured  one  print  from  the 
negative  it  came  by  an  accident  which  ren- 
dered it  useless  ;  but  from  that  one  print  he 
was  able  to  make  copies,  several  of  which  he 
sent  to  various  illustrated  papers,  and  one  of 
which  (an  enlargement)  he  forwarded  to  His 
Majesty  King  Edward  VII,  which  His 
Majesty  was  graciously  pleased  to  accept. 

The  pictures  in  the  various  papers  (The 
Sphere,  Black  and  White,  The  Graphic,  &c.) 
were  accompanied  by  a  foot-note  explaining 
that  it  was  "  an  old  Scotch  custom  "  to  stop 
the  clock  at  the  hour  of  a  death.  The  state- 
ment is  correct,  and  the  custom  still  prevails 
in  high  life  and  humble,  though  its  observ- 
ance may  be  less  common  now  than  in  past 
days. 

But   the  sequel  still  remains  to  be  told. 
In    June    of   the    same    year,    five    months  | 
later,   the   writer  happened  to  be  again  at  j 
Balmoral,  and  had  some  conversation  with 
constable  Reed,  an  old  residenter,  who  spoke 
of  the  newspaper  references  to  the  old  Scotch 
custom  of  stopping  the  clock,  and  declared  > 
that,  in  this  case  at  all  events,  the  clock  had 
not  been  stopped  by  any  human  hand. 

The  clock  was  still  going  at  ten  o'clock  on 
the  evening  before  the  funeral.  The  photo- 
graph was  taken  at  twelve  noon  on  the  day 
of  the  funeral ;  but  the  hands  pointed  to  6.25 
—the  exact  hour  of  the  Queen's  death. 

It  was  the  snow  that  did  it.  A  crescent- 
shaped  wreath,  which  is  seen  in  the  photo- 
graph, had  gathered  on  the  lower  part  of  the 
dial,  arresting  the  hour  hand  at  VI.  and  the 
minute  hand  at  V. 

Further  inquiry  confirmed  Mr.  Reed's 
statement  that  no  human  agency  had  been 
at  work  in  the  matter.  Nature  herself,  as  if 
in  sympathy  with  a  sorrowing  nation,  had 
here,  at  Queen  Victoria's  beloved  Highland 
home,  done  what  in  Scotland  it  is  indeed 
customary  to  dp  for  those  for  whom  time  and 
all  things  transitory  have  ceased  to  be. 

WM.  J.  JOHNSTON. 

Banchory. 

"  WILIE-BEGUILIES."— In  his  translation  of 
Montaigne's  essay  on  '  The  Art  of  Conferring ' 
(book  iii.  chap,  viii.),  Florio  gives  "certaine 
verbal]  wilie-beguilies  ;;  as  the  equivalent  of 
certaines  finesses  verbales.  This  dexterous 
and  suggestive  rendering  is  its  own  happy 


commendation,  for  it  indicates  the  shade  of 
meaning  presented  in  the  original,  and  if" 
not  itself  strictly  classical  in  form,  it  offers  no 
difficulty  of  interpretation.  The  diminutive 
quality  of  the  substantive  has  an  attractive- 
ness of  its  own,  and  the  echo  that  its  sound 
readily  gives  to  the  sense  dignifies  it  with 
onomatopoetic  value.  It  would  beinteresting 
to  know  the  history  of  "  wilie-beguilies,'; 
which  does  not  seem  to  have  been  sufficiently 
self-assertive  to  win  the  respect  and  considera- 
tion of  the  lexicographer. 

THOMAS  BAYNF. 

COMMISSARY  COURT  OF  WESTMINSTER. — 
There  are  some  interesting  documents  regis- 
tered in  this  small  court.  The  estate  of  John 
Skelton,  "  poeta  laureatus,"  was  administered 
to  therein  on  15  November,  1529,  William 
Mott  (or  Mote),  curate  of  St.  Margaret, 
Westminster,  appearing  in  the  business 
(6,  Bracy). 

Another  poet,  Thomas  Churchyard,  was 
rich  enough  to  have  a  will  made  for  him  as 
he  lay  a-dying.  In  book  Elsam,  folio  475,. 
we  read  : — 

"  Memorandum  the  xxixth  of  Martch  anno  1604 
Thomas  Churtchyard  Esquier  being  of  perfect 
mynde  and  memory  did  dispose  of  his  worldlie 
goods  as  followeth  in  the  presence  of  vs  here  vuder 
written,  ffirst  he  gaue  to  his  brother  George  the- 
some  of  xxu  all  the  rest  of  his  goods  and  cattells 
he  gave  vnto  George  Onslowe  whom  he  made  his 
executor,  that  he  should  see  him  buried  like  a 
Jentleman  per  me  Nathaniell  Mathewe,  Gabriel 
Pope,  the  mark  of  Joane  Moore,  Silvester  Earlums 
marke." 

The  will  was  proved  on  3  April,  1604,  the 
day  before  the  poet's  burial  in  St.  Margaret,. 
Westminster.  There  is  an  inaccurate  version 
of  this  will,  which  was  "obtained  from  a 
dealer  in  waste  paper,"  in  Payne  Collier's- 
'Bibliographical  Account  of  Early  English- 
Literature'  (vol.  i.  p.  vii,  Notes  and  Correc- 
tions). 

But  by  far  the  most  interesting  entry 
relates  to  Ben  Jonson.  There  can  be  little^ 
doubt  of  his  identity  with  the  "  Beniaminus 
Johnson,  nuper  civitatis  Westmonasterii/' 
administration  of  whose  goods— of  the  value 
of  eight  pounds  eight  shillings  and  ten  pence — 
was  granted  on  22  August,  1637,  to  William 
Scandret,  "  vni  Creditoruin "  (Act  Book, 
1637,  folio  53).  An  inventory  of  the  effects 
is  extant,  which  might  contain  some  interest- 
ing  items,  but  this  I  have  not  seen. 

Titus  Gates,  "S.T.P.,"  also  figures  in 
these  books,  administration  of  his  effects 
having  been  granted  on  16  August,  1705-, 
to  Rebecca  Gates,  the  widow  (Act  Book,  1705, 
folio  29).  She  was  probably  a  second  wife, 
as  Gates  is  known  to  have  married  in  1693  a 


126 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  m.  FEB.  is,  1005. 


'rich     widow    named     Margaret    Wells,    of 

Muggletonian  sympathies. 
I  should  mention  that  these  entries  (the 

one  relating  to  Thomas  Churchyard  excepted) 

were  noted   by  Mr.   G.   H.  Rodman  in  his 
•report  prefixed  to  the  printed  Calendar  of 

the  Court  (1864).  GORDON  GOODWIN. 

"ORIEL."  (See  4th  S.  v.  577;  x.  256,  360, 
412,  480,  529;  xi.  164;  6th  S.  iv.  252,  336; 
9th  _S.  xi.  301,  321,  375,  491.)— To  the  quo- 
tations illustrating  the  use  of  the  oriel  in 
English  architecture  I  may  add  an  extract 
from  the  Lord  Treasurer's  Remembrancer's 
Memoranda  Roll  of  43  &  44  Henry  III.  (m.  8 
•dorso) : — 

"  Wyndlesora  Visores. — Johannes  Pollard,  [&c.  ] 
affidauerunt  marescallo  pro  .ccxlij.li.  x.s.  iiij.d. 
positis  in  capellam  Regine  faciendo  ad  stagnum 
in  superiori  Ballio  Castri  Ita  quod  sint  ibi  due 
•Capelle  vna  superius  et  alia  inferius  Et  in  vna 
Torrella  cum  vno  Oriolo  facienda  vltra  priuatas 
•Cameras  Regine  iuxta  nouam  Cameram." 

Q.  V. 

"HAD  BETTER  HAVE  BEEN." — This  curious 
locution  appears  in  The  Athenceum  of  24  De- 
cember, 1904,  p.  869.  I  have  tried  in  vain  to 
parse  it.  It  has  often  enough  been  spoken 
•of  by  grammarians  and  dictionary-makers, 
but  few  of  them  have  the  courage  to  say 
flatly  that  it  is  wrong,  that  it  is  an  incidental 
corruption  of  high  antiquity  arising  from  the 
•elision,  in  slipshod  speech,  of  nearly  all  the 
letters  in  the  word  would.  "I'd  better" 
'means  "I  would  better."  "I'd  rather" 
means  "  I  would  rather."  It  seems  futile  to 
go  back  to  immemorial  usage.  Yet  Ogilvie's 
'Dictionary'  says,  "The  great  antiquity  of 
'this  construction  in  English  forbids  the 
supposition  that  the  had  in  such  phrases  is 
•a  corruption  of  would,  as  has  been  suggested." 
I  notice  that  a  modern  English  grammar  of 
very  excellent  character  (C.  P.  Mason)  evades 
'the  difficulty  in  much  the  same  way,  adding, 
"  The  analogous  construction  with  lief  is 
unquestionably  genuine."  Well,  had  lief 
<inay  be  genuine,  as  from  antiquity  ;  but  it 
is  wrong  all  the  same.  Dr.  Murray's  '  His- 
torical Dictionary'  has  made  a  brave  attempt 
4o  explain  matters  (under  '  Have  ')•  But  it 
is  a  hopeless  failure  as  far  as  justifying  the 
locution  is  concerned.  It  would  appear  that 
some  of  the  reasoning,  such  as  it  is,  is  derived 
from  Dr.  Fitzedward  Hall,  who  published  in 
the  Amer.  Philol.  Jour.  (ii.  282,  &c.)  a  long 
.and  wordy  disquisition,  bristling  with  archaic 
precedents,  but  in  no  way  justifying  the 
-syntax.  Hall  quotes  Samuel  Johnson,  who 
•says  it  is  "  a  barbarous  expression,  of  late 
intrusion  into  our  language,"  and  proceeds 
ito  remark,  "  What  Dr.  Johnson  was  pleased 


to  think  on  any  point  of  English  of  which 
the  just  ruling  demands  a  somewhat  indus- 
trious inspection  of  our  older  authors  is 
hardly  of  noticeable  import."  Indeed  ! 

Let  us  take  the  thing  to  pieces.  A  few 
examples,  where  the  locution  reaches  abso- 
lute extravagance,  will  bring  us  face  to  face 
with  it. 

Thackeray  is  one  of  the  worst  offenders, 
as,  "I  think  we  had  best  go  to-day,  my  dear"; 
"I  had  rather  have  had" ;  "When  he  makes 
an  appointment  with  Doctor  Swift  he  had 
best  keep  it."  Oddly  enough,  in  '  The  Vir- 
ginians '  (ch.  Ixiii.)  Thackeray  makes  Dr. 
Johnson  say,  "  I  had  rather  hear  Mrs.  War- 
rington's  artless  prattle,"  &c. ;"  A  man  had 
better  marry  a  poor  nurse  for  good  and  all." 
The  late  Miss  Martineau,  however,  leaves  the 
great  novelist  far  behind  :  "  This  family  had 
better  have  been  without  milk  to  their  coffee  " ; 
"I  knew  a  gentleman  in  America  who  told 
me  how  much  rather  he  had  be  a  woman 
than  the  man  he  is."  An  odd  specimen  occurs 
in  George  Gissing  :  "Please  don't  trouble. 
I'd  much  rather  you  didn't."  "Why?" 
"Because  /  had."  Even  Mr.  Dowden  has  a 
lapse  of  this  sort :  "  lie  had  rather  leave  off 
eating  than  poetizing  "  ('  Southey,'  p.  54).  Of 
course  it  occurs  in  Shakespeare ;  but  I 
suspect  that  it  usually  appeared  in  the 
earlier  printings  as  an  elision  only,  and  that 
his  editors  have  filled  it  out,  sometimes 
even  with  disregard  to  the  rhythm.  For  ex- 
ample ('Othello,'  III.  iii.),  "Thou  hadst  been 
better  have  been  born  a  dog  "  was  probably 
"  Thou  'dst  been  better,"  &c.  I  had  several 
other  Shakespearian  quotations  still  more  to 
the  point ;  but  they  are  mislaid. 

I  shall  be  told  that  writers  make  language  : 
rules  do  not.  Well,  if  it  can  be  pointed  out 
to  me  that  R.  L.  Stevenson  or  Dr.  Newman 
ever  used  such  hideous  locutions,  I  shall  be 
silenced,  if  not  convinced  that  I  am  wrong. 
EDWARD  SMITH. 

"THRUB  CHANDLER."— Mr.  Wheatley  in 
his  '  How  to  Make  an  Index,'  on  p.  73,  gives 
the  following  : — 

"  William  Morris  used  to  make  merry  over  the 
futility  of  some  cross-references.  He  \yas  using  a 
print  of  an  old  English  manuscript  which  was  full 
of  notes  in  explanation  of  self-evident  passages,  but 
one  difficult  expression,  viz.,  '  The  bung  of  a  thrub 
chandler,'  was  left  unexplained.  In  the  index 
under  Bung  there  was  a  reference  to  Thrub 
chandler,  and  under  Thrub  chandler  another  back 
to  Bung.  (Still  the  lexicographers  are  unable  to  tell 
us  what  kind  of  a  barrel  a  '  thrub  chandler  '  really 

is." 

I  do  not  like  to  quote  Mr.  Wheatley  with- 
out saying  that  his  book  has  lately  been  of 
the  greatest  use  to  me.  RALPH  THOMAS. 


s.  in.  FEB.  is,  1905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


127 


Quoits. 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  ouly  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  sent  to  them 
direct. 

"  ONCE  SO  MERRILY  HOPT  SHE."— I   wish  to 

know  the  author  and  the  words  of  a  song 
sung  in  1837,  and  called  as  above. 

C.  L.  E.  C. 
Alton,  Hants. 

[The  title-page  of  the  song  is  as  follows  : — 
(Picture  of  a  bird  sitting  on  a  pear  tree.) 
'Hop't  8he' 

A 

Convivial  Glee 
Sung  with  the  most  rapturous  applause 

at  all 

Pleasant  Parties. 
Composed  and  Harmonized 

by 

B.  R-h,  Esqrc 
Entered  at  Stationers'  Hall. 
London,  Published  by  I.  Willis  &  Co.,    Royal 
Musical  Repository,  oo,  St.  James  Street ;  7,  West- 
morland  Street,    Dublin,    and    all    the    Principal 
Music  Sellers  in  the  United  Kingdom." 

Its  words,  so  far  as  we  recall  them,  are  as 
follows : — 

A  pie  sat  on  a  pear  tree, 

A  pie  sat  on  a  pear  tree, 

A  pie  sat  on  a  pear  tree, 
Heigho  !  heigho  !  heigho  ! 

Once  so  merrily,  1 

Twice  so  merrily,  >  Hopt  she  ! 

Three  times  so  merrily  J 

Heigho  !  heigho  !  heigho  ! 

In  singing,  the  company  stood  up  round  the  table, 
each  with  a  glass  of  wine,  water,  lemonade,  or 
other  beverage  in  his  hand.  The  first  four  lines  were 
sung  in  chorus.  One  then,  standing  apart,  drank 
from  his  glass  while  the  others  sang,  "Once  so 
merrily,"  and  blurted  out  "Hopt  she!"  doing  the 
same  at  the  second  and  the  third  lines,  on  each  occa- 
sion repeating  "Hopt  she  !  "  At  the  close  his  or  her 
glass  was  supposed  to  be  empty,  and  was  turned 
super  naculvm.  An  optional  penalty  for  not  finish- 
ing the  glass  was  suggested.  This  proceeding,  in 
^vhich,  about  the  period  mentioned,  we  often  par- 
ticipated in  or  near  Leeds,  caused  endless  merri- 
ment among  the  juveniles,  and  was  not  scorned 
of  their  seniors.  1 

MILTON  :  A  PORTRAIT.  —  Can  any  one 
identify  a  portrait,  said  to  be  that  of  John 
Milton,  but  very  unlike  any  authentic 
likeness  of  that  poet,  which  is  hanging  in  the 
Combination  Room  at  Christ's  College  ?  The 
portrait  represents  a  young  man,  with  long, 
yellowish-brown  hair,  parted  in  the  middle. 
His  clothes  are  dark,  and  he  wears  a  broad 
linen  collar  and  muslin  cuffs  turned  back  over 
the  sleeve  and  fringed  with  lace.  In  his  right 
hand  he  holds  a  small  book,  probably  a  Bible 
or  a  Prayer-Book,  handsomely  bound  in  light 


blue  leather  with  gold  tooling.  In  the  corner 
of  the  picture  is  the  motto,  "  Xec  ingratus 
nee  inutilis  videar  vixisse."  A.  E.  S. 

Cambridge. 

BURTON  ABBEY  CARTULARY.  —  This  MS. 
used  to  be  in  the  possession  of  the  Marquess 
of  Anglesey.  It  does  not  appear  in  the  cata- 
logue of  the  Beaudesert  Library  as  offered 
for  sale  last  month.  Who  is  the  present 
owner  ?  Q.  V. 

"  ALGARVA." — This  is  the  sign  on  the  facia 
of  a  public-house  situated  on  the  eastern 
side  (at  the  top)  of  Southampton  Buildings, 
Chancery  Lane,  which  I  pass  daily.  Can  any 
reader  state  the  meaning  of  the  word?  It 
has  a  look  of  being  Spanish  or  Italian.  I 
have  searched  both  Dr.  Brewer's  books  in 
vain.  EDWARD  P.  WOLFERSTAN. 

SIR  ABRAHAM  SHIPMAN.  —  I  should  be 
obliged  for  any  information  regarding  the 
history  of  Sir  Abraham  Shipman  previous  to 
1661.  The  following  entries  refer  to  him  : — 

"  1660-1.  —  Sir  Abraham  Shipman,  knight,  a 
gentleman  in  ordinary  of  the  privy  chamber,"  &c. — 
4  State  Papers,  Colonial,'  vol.  xii. 

"  Licence  to  Sir  Abraham  Shipman  to  maintain 
Sir  Robert  Howard's  lighthouse  at  Dungeness, 
co.  Kent,  on  expiration  of  a  former  grant  thereof 
to  Sir  Edward  Howard.  January  1661."— 'Domestic, 
Charles  II.,'  vol.  xxix.,  'Docquet  Book,'  p.  79. 

F.  W.  GRAHAM,  Col. 

Worthing. 

HIPPOMANES.— What  has  modern  science 
to  say  of  this  substance,  supposed  by  the 
ancients  to  possess  aphrodisiac  properties  ? 
It  is  alluded  to  by  Aristotle,  Theophrastus, 
^Elian,  Pausanias,  Vergil,  and  Juvenal.  As 
these  writers  are  familiar  to  me,  I  do  not 
want  to  be  referred  to  any  passages  in  their 
works.  I  simply  wish  to  ascertain  whether 
the  beliefs  of  the  ancients  on  the  subject  had 
any  sound  basis  in  fact.  What  do  anatomists 
and  physiologists  say  about  it? 

KOM  OMBO. 

MOLLY  LEPEL'S  DESCENT.— Can  any  reader 
direct  me  to  an  article  proving  that  the 
beautiful  Molly  Lepel,  Lady  Hervey,  was  of 
Danish,  and  not  of  French,  descent  ? 

A.  F.  S. 

SIR  WALTER  RALEIGH'S  'HisTORiE  OF  THE 
WORLD.'— I  have  a  folio  copy  of  this  work, 
"  Printed  for  Robert  White,  John  Place,  and 
George  Dawes  ;  and  are  to  be  sold  by 
Thomas  Rookes  at  the  Lamb  and  Ink-bottle 
at  the  East-end  of  St.  Paul's,  MDCLXVI."  It 
has  a  finely  engraved  allegorical  title-page 
by  Ren.  Elstrack,  dated  1665.  This  edition 
is  not  mentioned  by  Lowndes,  and  from 
the  place  and  date  of  its  printing,  it 


128 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io«'  s.  in.  FEB.  is,  1905. 


seems  not  unlikely  that  many,  if  not  most, 
of  the  copies  were  destroyed  in  the  Great 
Fire,  and  that  it  is  therefore  scaice.  I  shall 
be  glad  to  learn  if  other  copies  are  known 
to  your  readers.  WM.  NORMAN. 

6,  St.  James's  Place,  Plumstead. 

"MOST     MOVING     FIRST     LIKE    IN    ENGLISH 

POETRY."  —  In  an  article  headed  '  Cowper 
and  Castaway '  in  The  Saturday  Eevieiv  of 
7  January,  based  on  Mr.  T.  Wright's  recent 
edition  of  the  poet's  'Letters,'  pre-eminence 
is  claimed  for  Cowper  as  "  writer  of  the  most 
moving  first  line  in  English  poetry  : — 

O  that  those  lips  had  language  !  Life  has  passed 
With  me  but  roughly  since  1  heard  thee  last. 

In  his  poetry  Cowper  does  not,"  the  writer 
remarks,  "  wave  the  flag  like  Campbell ; 
rather  he  spreads  the  pall  —  at  least  in 
those  noble  lines  on  Kempenfeldt  that  have 
the  crystal  simplicity,  the  obviousness  which 
is  the  privilege  of  genius" — an  unusual  and 
pleasing  tribute,  in  such  a  place  and  at  the 
present  time,  to  the  bard  of  Olney.  Are  the 
great  English  poets,  it  might  be  asked, 
becoming  less  read  than  formerly?  The 
replies  of  experts — publishers  or  booksellers — 
would  be  of  special  interest.  J.  GRIGOR. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED. — 

Amice,    quisquis    es,    dummodo    honestum,    vitse 
tsedet. 

Is  the  quotation  correctly  given?  As  it 
stands,  it  would  seem  to  mean  "  O  friend, 
whosoever  thou  art,  I  am  weary  (if  I  may  say 
so  honourably)  of  my  life."  B.  A. 

Truth  for  ever  on  the  scaffold,  Wrong  for  ever  on 

the  throne ; 
Yet  that  scaffold  sways  the  future,  and  behind  the 

dim  unknown 

Standeth  God  within  the  shadow,  keeping  watch 
above  His  own. 

KOM  OMBO. 
[ J.  R.  Lowell,  '  The  Present  Crisis.'] 

ANCHORITES'  DENS. — Have  any  books  on 
these  somewhat  uncomfortable  dwellings  been 
published  1  or  has  any  attempt  been  made  to 
compile  a  list  of  these  dens  in  England  ?  I 
am,  of  course,  aware  of  the  existence  of  the 
'Ancren  Riwle.'  Q.  W.  V. 

'MOSER'S  VESTIGES.'— The  following  passage 
is  in  '  Lincoln's  Inn  Fields,'  by  C.  W.  Hecke- 
thorn,  1896,  p.  60,  and,  slightly  altered,  is 
repeated  in  '  London  Souvenirs,'  1899,  by  the 
same  writer,  p.  29  : — 

"In  'Moser's  Vestiges,'  Will's  is  thus  referred  to  : 
'All  the  beaux  that  used  to  breakfast  in  the  coffee- 
houses and  taverns  appendant  to  the  inns  of  court 
struck  their  morning  strokes  in  an  elegant  deshabille, 
which  was  carelessly  confined  by  a  sash  of  yellow, 


red,  blue,  green,  &c.,  according  to  the  taste  of  the 
wearrr  and  were  [sic]  of  the  celebrated  Doiley  manu- 
facture. The  idle  fashion  was  not  quite  worn  out  iu 
1765.  We  can  remember  having  seen  some  of  these 
early  loungers  in  their  nightgowns,  caps,  &c.'  " 

What  is  '  Moser's  Vestiges '  ? 

W.  P.  COURTNEY. 

DELAFOSSE,  WINCHESTER  COMMONER.— In 
Long  Half,  1839,  one  of  the  sons  of  the  Rev. 
Daniel  Charles  Delafosse,  vicar  of  Wands  worth, 
became  a  Commoner  at  Winchester,  but  left 
after  ten  days.  Was  he  the  third  son, 
Robert  M.  D.  Delafosse,  ensign  26th  Bombay 
N.I.,  who  died  at  Mhow,  22  April,  1844,  aged 
twenty-three  1  More  probably,  perhaps,  a 
younger  brother.  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

THE  FORTE  FRIGATE.'— Can  any  one  give, 
or  direct  me  to,  the  complete  song  of  which 
the  following  is  the  first  verse  1— 
There  was  a  fine  frigate,  the  Forte  was  her  name, 
And  in  the  West  Indies  she  bore  a  great  fame 
For  cruel  hard  usage  of  every  degree  ; 
Like  slaves  on  a  galley  we  ploughed  the  salt  sea. 

The  rest  of  the  verses,  I  am  told,  gave  a 
systematic  account  of  a  sailor's  work  from 
waking  to  sleeping  ;  but  the  point  of  view 
was  such  that  on  one  occasion  a  man  caught 
singing  it  received  "  four  dozen."  It  was  a 
widely  known  Royal  Navy  song  about  1845, 
and  the  reputation  of  the  Forte  frigate  was 
consistent  with  the  tenor  of  the  song. 

H.  K.  ST.  J.  S. 

SMALL  PARISHES.— The  following  paragraph 
is  taken  from  the  '  Church  News  '  column  of 
the  Daily  Mail,  29  October,  1904  :— 

"  Which  is  the  smallest— or  the  least  populated— 
of  all  the  parishes  in  England  ?  The  death  of  the 
Rev.  D.  T.  Barry,  late  rector  of  Fishley,  raises  the 
question,  for  Fishley  (which  is  near  Yarmouth)  is 
returned  as  containing  only  fifteen  persons.  It  ia 
probable  that  there  are  parishes  even  smaller  than 
this— there  is  a  record  of  a  parish  with  one  house— 
and  it  would  be  interesting  if  a  list  could  be  made." 

Perhaps  some  correspondents  may  be  able 
to  supply  particulars  of  other  small  parishes 
in  England.  H.  W.  UNDERDOWN. 

[See  8th  S.  xi.  25,  78.] 

'REBECCA,'  A  NOVEL. — I  bought  on  the 
quais  at  Paris  for  ten  centimes,  on  24  March, 
1904,  the  first  two  volumes  of  a  book  entitled 
"Rebecca;  or,  the  Victim  of  Duplicity;  a 
Novel  in  Three  Volumes.  Uttoxeter,  printed 
by  R.  Richards ;  sold  by  Lackington,  Allen 
&  Co.,  London,  1808."  Will  one  of  the  learned 
readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  be  so  good  as  to  say  by 
whom  this  book  was  written,  in  what  printed 
catalogue  or  bibliography  one  can  find  a 
description  of  it,  and  where  the  third  volume 
is  to  be  seen  ?  Tastes  differ  about  all  things  ; 
but  to  some  people  the  book  is  interesting 


io<»  s.  in.  FEB.  is,  i90o.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


129 


and  attractive.  The  scene  of  the  first  volume 
which  reminds  one  of  'The  Vicar  of  Wake 
field,'  is  laid  in  the  village  of  W— ,  in  Cum 
berland  ;  that  of  the  second  at  Hampsteac 
The  vicar  is  more  than  once  described  as  th 
"parish  priest";  "Deists"  and  "Jacobins 
are  referred  to  among  contemporary  dan 
gerous  classes ;  Italian  and  French  word 
are  quoted ;  the  old  spelling  "  Winander 
mere"  is  used,  but  "Brighton"  has  alread 
superseded  "Brighthelmstone."  The  Cum 
bfrland  dialect  appears  to  be  used  here  anc 
there.  E.  S.  DODGSOX. 

SAXTOX  FAMILY  OF  SAXTOX,  co.  YORK.— 
In  compiling  some    notes  on    this    ancien 
family  I    have  come    across    the   following 
names,   which   would    appear    to    be  either 
variants  of  or  synonyms  for  the  original : — 

Sexdecim  (Vallibus  de  Ebor')  =  Sexten  or 
Saxton  in  the  vales  of  Yorkshire.  Nicholas 
de  Sexdecim  Vallibus  de  Ebor'  was  clerk  oi 
the  city  of  York  in  July,  1327.  On  4  July 
1334,  his  "late  wife"  Elena  was  granted  a 
licence  for  alienation  in  mortmain  of  four 
shops  ( "  quatuor  shopas  "  )  and  nineteen 
shillings  of  rent  in  York,  held  in  burgage  by 
service  of  rendering  Is.  4tZ.  yearly  to  the  king 
as  "husgable"  (what  is  this?),  by  the  hands 
of  the  bailiffs  of  the  city,  at  St.  James  the 
Apostle  (Inq.  ad  quod  Damnum,  8  Ed\v.  III.). 
Sextenedale,  alias  Sixteendale,  alias  Sere- 
vals=Sixteendole,  the  toll  exacted  by  millers 
of  one-sixteenth  of  every  bushel  of  corn 
ground  by  them.  "William  de  Sextenedale, 

als ,"  &c.,  was  fined  801.  in  7  Henry  II., 

1160/1  (Madox,  'Hist.  Excheq.,'  second  ed., 
17G9,  i.  501,  and  index). 

Secu',  alias  Setu',  alias  Set  vans  or  Septvans. 
— Sec\i'=secums  (Lat.),  seac  (Saxon),  a  broad- 
edged  axe  or  hatchet  for  hewing  stones  in 
the  quarries. 

Setu'=Seton.  See  below. 
Setvans  =  seven  cornfans  or  winnowers. 
Arms  of  "De  Septvans,  alias..,..."  &c.,  of 
Milton  Septvans,  co.  Kent,  temp.  Edward  I. 
and  II. :  Az.,  three  cornfans  or  ('  Dering  Roll 
of  Arms,'  fo.  90-1,  published  in  The  Reliquary, 
1875  to  1878). 

Sapy,  a  nickname  for  Septvans.  Applied 
to  Robert  de  Saxton  in  Aug.,  1322.  late  Con- 
stable of  Scarborough  Castle,  co.  York. 

Seton,  alias  Seeton  =  Saxton,  co.  York. 
"Prreliuin  de  Seton,"  "Seeton  apud  Charyng- 
crosse"  ('Three  Fifteenth-Century  Chroni- 
cles,' &c.,  Camden  Soc.,  1880,  pp.  160-2). 

Would  some  more  competent  authority 
kindly  favour  me  with  an  opinion  on  these 
names  ]  I  have  reason  to  think  it  highly 
probable  that  the  Saxtons  were  for  genera- 


tions most  extensively  interested  in  corn- 
milling  in  Yorkshire  and  elsewhere. 

JAMES  TALBOT. 

Adelaide,  S.  Australia. 

[W.  C.  B.  pointed  out  at  9th  S.  xii.  186  that  the 
name  Sexdecim  Valles  "  is  a  difficulty  to  those  who 
are  unacquainted  with  Yorkshire  topography."  He 
quoted  several  instances  from  publications  of  the 
Surtees  Society,  and  added  that  Sixtedale,  Sixten- 
dale,  Sexeudale,  Sixendale,  &c.,  were  all  forms  of 
the  modern  Thixendale,  a  village  on  the  wolds  in 
the  East  Riding.  Husgable  is  house  tax ;  see 
'Gavel' in 'N.E.D.'] 


ENGLISHMEN7     HOLDING    POSITIONS 
UNDER  FOREIGN  GOVERNMENTS. 

(10th  S.  iii.  87.) 

THE  roll  of  illustrious  English,  Irish,  and 
Scotch  men  who  have  served  under  foreign 
Governments  is  a  splendid  record  of  romance 
and  adventure,  as  well  as  a  tribute  to  the 
overflowing  strength  of  England,  but  one 
too  long  for  admission  to  the  pages  of 
N.  &  Q.'  Still  more  interesting  would  it 
be,  did  space  permit,  to  give  the  converse 
picture,  and  array  side  by  side  our  gains  as 
well  as  our  losses. 

With  regard  to  distinguished  Englishmen 
in  the  service  of  other  countries,  it  would  be 
necessary  to  eliminate  those  who  were  at  the 
same  time  in  the  service  of  their  own 
countrjr — such  as,  for  example,  the  first  Duke 
of  Marlborough,  the  first  Duke  of  Wel- 
ington,  Marshal  Beresford,  or  Generals 
Wilson  and  Trant,  all  of  whom  held  foreign 
ommands. 

With    the     exception,     perhaps,    of    Sir 
Villiam  Stanley,  it  is  almost  solely  in  con- 
nexion with  France  that  we  find  the  sword 
drawn  against  the  parent  country. 
To  mention  a  few  names  at  haphazard,  of 
nglishmen  or  their  immediate  descendants  : 
The  flight  of  the  wild  geese  and  emigra- 
ion  of  General  Sarsfield's  Irish  Brigade  to 
''ranee  is  well  known.   So,  too,  are  the  names 
f    Generals  Hamilton    and    Kilmaine    and 
General    Nugent,    who  fought   against  our 
orces  at  Oudenarde    and    Ramillies.     The 
Dillon  family  gave  several  generals — as  well 
s   a    regiment  named  after   them — to  the 
rench  armies  of  the  seventeenth, eighteenth, 
nd  nineteenth  centuries,  and  also  an  arch- 
ishop  to  Toulouse.    Another  Irishman  held 
ank    under    the   fleur-de-lys,  Sir  Gerard 
ally,    whose    son,    the    Comte    de    Lally 
nd  Baron  de  Tollendal,  was  Cornmander-in- 
"hief  of  the  French  Army  in  India.     Sir 
jJerard's    grandson,    the   Marquis  de  Lally 


130 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES, 


s.  in.  FEB.  is,  IQQS. 


Tollendal,  was  a  prominent  figure  in  politics 
during  the  Revolution  and  during  the  reigri 
of  Louis  XVIII.  More  recently  another  poli- 
tician might  be  mentioned — M.  Waddington ; 
also  a  soldier  who  made  his  way  to  the  front 
recently  in  the  African  wars  of  France, 
General  Dodds. 

Under  the  great  Napoleon  we  have  the 
ever-faithful  Marshal  Macdonald,  Duke  of 
Tarentum,  and  the  war  minister  Clarke,  Duke 
of  Feltre;  and  under  the  third  Napoleon  that 
gallant  but  unfortunate  soldier  Marshal 
MacMahon,  Duke  of  Magenta.  In  another 
exciting,  but  less  dangerous  sphere  we  find 
John  Law,  the  creator  of  the  Mississippi 
Bubble.  The  great  Duke  of  Berwick,  the 
victor  of  Almansa,  was  the  son  of  James  II. 
and  nephew  of  the  Duke  of  Maryborough. 

In  Italy  one  recalls  Sir  John  Hawkwood, 
Admiral  Acton  in  the  service  of  the  King  of 
Naples,  and  Baron  Ward  (once  a  Yorkshire 
jockey),  the  Prime  Minister  of  Parma.  One 
would  be  tempted  also  to  refer  to  the  head 
of  the  Roman  Church — Pope  Adrian  IV.,  the 
only  English  Pontiff.  Nor  must  we  forget 
in  recent  times  "  Garibaldi's  Englishman  " — 
Peard. 

In  thinking  of  Greece  it  is  only  necessary 
to  mention  Byron,  Trelawny,  and  Parry. 

In  Spain  the  names  of  Sir  William  Stanley, 
of  Generals  Dillon,  O'Reilly,  O'Mahony 
(Count  of  Castile),  of  Count  Gage,  and  of  Sir 
De  Lacy  Evans  occur ;  also  those  of  the 
Captain-General  of  Catalonia,General  Francis 
Lacy,  and  the  Prime  Minister  Richard 
Wall. 

In  Austria  we  find  engaged  in  the  wars 
against  the  Turks  Thomas  Lord  Arundell, 
and  in  later  years  Field-Marshal  Nugent,  a 
prince  of  the  Holy  Roman  Empire  and  a 
magnate  of  Hungary,  Field-Marshal  Viscount 
Taaffe  (Earl  of  Carlingford),  General  Nicholas 
Taaffe,  and  possibly  Count  Taaffe,  the 
Austrian  minister.  In  Hungary,  during  the 
critical  months  of  1848  and  1849,  one  of  the 
most  successful  of  the  Hungarian  generals 
was  the  Englishman  General  Richard  Guyon. 
Turning  to  Russia,  we  have  a  pioneer  of 
Central  Asian  trade,  Capt.  John  Elton,  who 
finished  his  adventurous  career  under  the 
banners  of  Persia;  Field-Marshal  Count  Lacy, 
"  the  Prince  Eugene  of  Muscovy  "  ;  General 
Maurice  Lacy,  who  fought  under  Sou varoff; 
Admirals  Greg  and  Elphinstone;  the  vic- 
torious Count de  Browne.  Field-Marshal,  and 
a  still  more  celebrated  Field-Marshal  in  the 
war  against  Napoleon  I.,  Barclay  de  Tolly, 
the  son  of  a  Scotchman. 

In  Prussia:  General  Keith,  and  his  brother 
Field-Marshal  Keith,  mortally  wounded  at 


Bochkirch,     and    Count    Douglas.      Field- 
Marshal  York,  too,  was  English  by  descent. 

In  Bavaria:  Sir  Benjamin  Thompson,  other- 
wise the  Count  von  Rumford,  the  founder  of 
the  Royal  Institution  of  Great  Britain,  and 
urer  of  smoky  chimneys. 

In  Holland  :  the  bankers  George  Clifford 
(the  friend  of  Linneeus)  and  John  Hope 

In  Portugal :  Admiral  Sir  George  Sartorius, 
and  Sir  Charles  Napier  of  Acre  celebrity. 

In  Sweden  :  General  Barclay,  who  fought 
under  Gustavus  Adolphus,  General  Malcolm 
Hamilton,  and  Baron  Reay. 

In  Turkey  or  Egypt  we  come  across 
General  Guyon  again,  Gordon  Pasha,  Hobart 
Pasha,  Sir  Samuel  Baker,  General  Valentine 
Baker,  and  Hicks  Pasha. 

In  Brazil  and  Chile  :  the  Earl  of  Dundonald 
and  Ambrose  O'Higgins  (Viceroy  of  Peru, 
and  father  of  the  Liberator  of  Chile). 

In  Madagascar  :  General  Shervington. 

In  India :  George  Thomas,  the  general  of 
the  Begum  Somru. 

In  Afghanistan  :  Sir  Thomas  Salter  Pyne, 
Dr.  Grey,  and  Dr.  Hamilton— the  last-named, 
by  the  way,  a  lady. 

In  Borneo :  Sir  James  Brooke,  who  subse- 
quently became  Rajah. 

In  'China  :  General  Gordon,  Sir  Robert 
Hart,  Admiral  Laing. 

In  Japan  :  William  Adams,  the  favourite 
of  two  Emperors  of  Japan  in  the  seventeenth 
century,  and  Prof.  Ernest  Fox  well. 

In  Tonga  :  Mr.  Baker. 

In  Morocco,  Kaid  Sir  Harry  Macleanh  as 
already  been  mentioned.  In  the  Soudan  the 
lieutenant  of  the  Mahdi,  "Osman  Digna," 
was  believed  to  have  been  an  Englishman, 
George  Nisbet.  R.  B. 

Upton. 

Premising  that  Englishmen  include  Britons 
generally,  and  putting  a  wide  interpretation 
on  the  qualifying  adjective  "important,"  I 
would  mention  Admiral  Thomas  Gordon, 
Governor  of  Cronsfadt,  who  died  in  1741.  I 
sketched  his  career  at  considerable  length 
in  The  Aberdeen  Free  Press,  3  and  19  Sep- 
tember, 1898.  Again,  there  was  General 
Patrick  Gordon,  Peter  the  Great's  right- 
hand  man,  whose  '  Diary '  was  issued  by  the 
Spalding  Club  ;  also  Field-Marshal  Keith,  of 
Frederick  the  Great's  army. 

The  literature  of  the  subject  includes  Hill 
Burton's  delightful  'Scot  Abroad';  W.  H. 
Davenport  Adams's  '  Under  Many  Flags,'  189G ; 
Father  Forbes  Leith's  '  Scots  Men-at-Arms' ; 
Mr.  James  Ferguson's  elaborate  history  of  the 
'  Scots  Brigade  in  Holland  ' ;  and  Mr.  Th.  A. 
Fischer's  excellent  books  'The  Scots  in 
Germany '  and  '  The  Scots  in  Eastern  and 


io*  s.  in.  FEB.  is,  loos.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


131 


Western  Prussia.'  See  also  Otto  Donner's 
'Scottish  Families  in  Sweden  and  Finland' 
(Helsingfors,  1884).  J.  M.  BULLOCH. 

118,  Pall  Mall. 

A.  C.  Hobart  Pasha  was  a  Turkish  admiral 
and  minister.  The  Egyptian  Government 
service  is  hardly  a  case  in  point,  but  many 
Englishmen  obtained  the  title  of  Pasha  for 
distinguished  conduct. 

Prof.  W.  R.  Morfill,  in  his  history,  has 
much  to  say  on  the  subject  of  Britishers  in 
Russian  service,  e  g.,  General  Patrick  Gordon, 
who  assisted  Peter  the  Great  to  suppress  the 
Strelt&i.  FKANCIS  P.  MARCHANT. 

Streatham  Common. 


CHARLES  I.  IN  SPAIN  (10th  S.  iii.  48). — DON 
FLORENCIO  DE  UHAGON  would  read  with 
interest  several  letters  in  James  Howell's 
'  Epistoke  Ho-Elianse'  (vol.  i.  sect.  3,  ed.  1713), 
which  are  dated  from  Madrid,  1622-3,  and 
comment  on  the  royal  courtship  then  pro- 
ceeding. Here  is  a  graphic  passage  from 
No.  xviii.,  addressed  to  Capt.  Tho.  Porter  : — 

"  There  are  Comedians  once  a  Week  come  to 
the  Palace,  where  under  a  great  Canopy,  the  Queen 
and  the  Infanta  sit  in  the  middle,  our  Prince  and 
Don  Carlos  on  the  Queen's  right  hand,  the  King 
and  the  little  Cardinal  on  the  Infanta's  left  hand. 
I  have  seen  the  Prince  have  his  eyes  immovably 
fixed  on  the  Infanta  half  an  hour  together  in  a 
thoughtful  speculative  posture,  which  sure  would 
needs  be  tedious,  unless  affection  did  sweeten  it : 
It  was  no  handsome  comparison  of  Olii'ares,  that 
he  watcht  her  as  a  Cat  doth  a  Mouse.  Not  long 
since  the  Prince  understanding  that  the  Infanta 
was  us'd  to  go  some  mornings  to  the  Casa  de  Campo, 
a  Summer-house  the  King  hath  tother  side  the 
River,  to  gather  May  Dew,  he  did  rise  betimes  and 
went  thither  taking  your  Brother  with  him,  they 
were  let  into  the  House  and  into  the  Garden,  but 
the  Infanta  was  in  the  Orchard,  and  there  being  a 
high  partition  wall  between,  and  the  door  doubly 
bolted,  the  Prince  got  on  the  top  of  the  wall  and 
sprung  down  a  great  height,  and  so  made  towards 
her,  but  she  spying  him  first  of  all  the  rest,  gave  a 
Shriek  and  ran  back  ;  the  old  Marquis  that  was 
then  her  Guardian  came  towards  the  Prince  and 
fell  on  his  Knees,  conjuring  his  Highness  to  retire 
in  regard  he  hazarded  his  Head,  if  he  admitted  any 
to  her  Company ;  so  the  door  was  open'd,  and  he 
came  out  under  that  Wall  over  which  he  had  got 
in  :  I  have  seen  him  watch  a  long  Hour  together  in 
a  close  coach  in  the  open  Street  to  see  her  as  she 
went  abroad  :  I  cannot  say  that  the  Prince  ever 
did  talk  wTith  her  privately,  yet  publickly  often, 
my  Lord  of  Bristol  being  Interpreter  :  but  the  King 
always  sat  hard  by,  to  over-hear  all.  Our  Cousin 
Archy  hath  more  Priviledge  than  any,  for  he  often 
goes  with  his  Fool's  Coat  where  the  Infanta  is  with 
her  ifexmas  and  Ladies  of  Honor,  and  keeps  a- 
blowing  and  blustering  amongst  them,  and  flurtes 
out  what  he  list." 

It  occurs  to  me  to  wonder  if  the  picture  of 
a  dwarf  by  Velazquez  in  the  Prado  Gallery 


at  Madrid,  entitled  '  D.  Antonio  el  Ingles,' 
can  be  a  presentment  of  Archie :  Antonio  is 
near  enough  to  Archibald  for  any  speaker  of 
Romance  to  come.  ST.  SWITHIN. 

My  friend  DON  F.  DE  UHAGON  has  anti- 
cipated a  long  formed  intention  of  mine  by 
asking  for  a  collection  of  contemporary  allu- 
sions to  the  matrimonial  visit  paid  by  the 
Prince  of  Wales  to  Madrid  in  1623.  In  the 
cosy  Biblioteca  Sagarminaga,  in  the  Palacio 
de  la  Diputacion  Provincial  at  Bilbao,  con- 
taining about  12,000  volumes,  there  is  a  book 
entitled  "Amistades  de  Principes  por  Don 
Fadriqve  Moles  (En  Madrid,  En  la  Imprenta 
Real,  Afio  de  1637)."  On  f.  64  occurs  the 
following  allusion  to  the  question  : — 

"  Singular  fauor,  y  proteccion  f ue,  la  q'  tuuo  Dios 
de  nuestro  gran  Monarca  Filipp  Quarto,  en  desba- 
ratar  por  causas  justas  el  matrimonio,  que  por  tan 
hecho  se  tuuo  a  los  9.  de  Otubre  de  1623.  entre  el  Rey 
de  Escocia  [stc],  e  Infante  Maria,  con  que  nos  libro- 
de  caer  en  los  males  que  han  caido  otros  ;  razo  que 
deuiera  enfrenar  mucho,  a  los  que  tan  sin  rienda 
lleuan  en  sus  exercitos,  enemigos  de  Dios,  y  de  la 
Religion." 

On  f.  i.  verso  there  is  a  phrase  which 
serves  as  an  answer  to  the  recent  discussion 
in  'N.  &  Q.'  (9th  S.  xi.  129,  377)  about  the 
origin  of  the  name  Diego.  It  evidently  was 
regarded  by  the  author  as  equivalent  to 
Tiago  in  "  Sant-Iago,"  i.e.,  lacobus  : — 

"  Para  acreditar  esta  verdad,  es  valiente  exemplo 
el  de  Christo  Senor  nuestro,  respeto  de  luan  y 
Diego  sus  primes, " 

i.e.,  to  confirm  this  truth  the  example  of 
Christ  our  Lord  is  useful,  with  respect  to 
John  and  James  His  cousins. 

EDWARD  S.  DODGSON. 

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  NOTES  ON  DICKENS  AND 
THACKERAY  (10th  S.  iii.  22,  73).— It  would  be 
interesting  to  identify  T.  J.  Thackeray,  who, 
as  shown  by  MR.  R.  E.  FRANCILLON  and  MR. 
WALTER  JERROLD,  was  the  librettist  of  '  The 
Mountain  Sylph.'  On  referring  to  the  account 
of  the  Thackeray  family  in  The  Herald  and 
Genealogist,  ii.  315-28;  440-55  (1864),  I  find 
the  only  member  who  bore  the  initials 
T.  J.  was  Mr.  Thomas  James  Thackeray, 
who  was  a  second  cousin  of  the  novelist. 
The  father  of  Mr.  T.  J.  Thackeray  was 
Thomas  Thackeray,  born  1767,  died  1852, 
who  held  an  appointment  in  the  medical 
service  of  the  East  India  Company  on  the 
Madras  Establishment,  from  which  he  retired 
with  an  ample  fortune,  and  settled  at  Bath. 
He  was  the  eldest  son  of  Thomas  Thackeray, 
born  1736,  died  1806,  who  was  a  surgeon  at 
Cambridge,  and  who  himself  was  the  eldest 
son  of  Dr.  Thomas  Thackeray,  born  1G93, 
died  1760,  Head  Master  of  Harrow  and 


132 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [ioth  s.  in.  FEB.  is,  1905. 


Archdeacon  of  Surrey.  Dr.  Thackeray's 
youngest  son  was  William  Makepeace 
Thackeray,  who  joined  the  Bengal  Civil 
Service  in  1766,  and  became  the  grandfather 
of  the  novelist.  This  branch  of  the  family 
forms  the  subject  of  Sir  William  Hunter's 
delightful  book  'The  Thackerays  in  India.' 
Mr.  Thomas  James  Thackeray  was  born  at 
Madras,  5  September,  1796,  and  baptized 
there  on  13  October.  He  was  educated  at 
Eton,  and  admitted  pensioner  of  St.  John's 
College,  Cambridge,  15  October,  1814.  He 
took  the  degree  of  M.B.  in  1820,  and  was  a 
captain  in  the  2nd  Somerset  Militia  from 
1824  to  1855.  He  was  the  author  of  a  '  His- 
tory of  the  Agricultural  Society  of  England,' 
written  in  French,  and  of  other  works  in 
that  language  published  at  Paris  in  the  years 
1846,  1847,  and  1848.  He  also  wrote  a  work 
on  the  '  Military  Organization  and  Adminis- 
tration of  France,'  partly  printed  (at  Woking) 
in  1856,  and  was  responsible  for  some  'Lec- 
tures and  Manuals  on  Rifle  Practice.'  He 
settled  at  Clench  Wharton,  co.  Norfolk,  and 
was  alive  in  1864  when  the  Thackeray  family 
memoranda  were  printed  in  The  Herald  and 
Genealogist. 

I  think  that  Mr.  Thomas  James  Thackeray 
may  probably  have  written  the  libretto  of 
'  The  Mountain  Sylph.'  He  was  evidently  a 
man  of  considerable  culture,  and  the  name 
of  "  Thwackaway,"  which  was  applied  to  him 
by  Mr.  Logan,  would  seem  to  indicate  that 
he  was  popular  in  the  society  in  which  he 
moved,  as  disagreeable  men  seldom  receive 
the  honour  of  a  familiar  nickname.  Probably, 
also,  he  felt  no  ambition  to  figure  in  bio- 
graphical dictionaries,  arid  has  therefore  been 
forgotten,  like  Edward  Moran  and  other 
popular  contemporaries  of  his,  who  were 
well  known  in  their  day,  but  have  since 
passed  into  oblivion.  Perhaps  ME.  JERROLD, 
or  some  other  correspondent,  may  be  able 
to  give  some  further  particulars  of  him.  I 
am  ignorant  of  the  date  of  his  death. 

W.  F.  PRIDEATJX. 

The  references  under  this  title  to  John 
Barnett's  '  Mountain  Sylph'  have  reminded 
me  of  a  letter  in  my  possession,  addressed 
by  my  great-uncle,  Thomas  Dibdin,  to  C. 
Taylor,  dated  30  August,  1834,  i.e.,  five  days 
after  the  first  performance.  In  this  letter 
Thomas  Dibdin  wrote,  "The  whole  of  the 
opera  of  the  '  Mountain  Sylph '  is  mine,  but 
another  gentleman  has  been  praised  in  the 
papers  for  it  highly."  From  the  context  I 
gather  that  "the  amateur  gentleman"  for 
whom  the  piece  was  written  had  not  paid 
up,  and  the  venerable  dramatist  was  medi- 
tating a  retaliatory  assertion  of  his  author- 


ship. It  is  to  be  inferred  that  T.  J.  Thackeray 
subsequently  made  good  his  promises,  and  so 
retained  his  fame  as  librettist. 

E.  RIMBAULT  DIBDIN. 

"  BROKEN  HEART  "  (10th  S.  iii.  9,  77).— 
CANON  SAVAGE  refers  to  Dr.  Stroud's  treatise 
on  '  The  Physical  Cause  of  the  Death  of 
Christ,'  published  in  1846. 

To  the  second  edition  of  that  treatise,  pub- 
lished in  1871,  there  is  an  appendix  containing 
a  letter  from  Sir  James  Y.  Simpson,  of  Edin- 
burgh, to  Dr.  Hanna,  in  which  he  expresses 
his  strong  belief  that  the  view  adopted  and 
maintained  by  Dr.  Stroud,  attributing  our 
Saviour's  death,  not  to  the  mere  result  of 
crucifixion,  but  to  rupture  of  the  heart,  is 
fundamentally  correct.  Sir  James  gives 
his  reasons  at  some  length,  and  states  that 
this  opinion  has  not  been  in  any  way  altered 
by  later  observations  on  the  subject  both 
here  and  on  the  Continent. 

I  would  suggest  to  all  who  are  interested  in 
the  medical  view  of  the  subject  to  read  Sir 
James  Simpson's  letter.  JAMES  WATSON. 

Folkestone. 

THE  LYCEUM  THEATRE  (10th  S.  iii.  45).— 
Surely  Charles  Kean's  settings  were  quite  as 
gorgeous  as  those  of  the  Lyceum.  The 
"  Charles  Kean  Collection  "  at  the  Albert  and 
Victoria  Museum,  South  Kensington,  for- 
tunately preserves  the  effects  produced  by  his 
scenes,  painted  by  the  artists  themselves. 
Few  things  have  given  me  greater  pleasure 
than  I  enjoyed  whilst  inspecting  them. 

RALPH  THOMAS. 

Narbonne  Avenue,  S.W. 

MR.  HIBGAME,  in  his  interesting  note,  is 
slightly  at  fault  in  writing  : — 

"Built  somewhere  about  1765,  it  passed  from 
theatre  to  picture  gallery,  lecture  hall,  panorama, 
and  a  host  of  other  entertainments,  and  then  back 
again  to  theatre,  till  its  destruction  by  fire  in  1829." 

James  Payne  was  the  architect  of  the 
building  which  was  erected  in  1765  for  the 
exhibition  of  the  Society  of  Artists,  and 
which  he  named  the  Lyceum.  Three  years 
later,  when  a  number  of  the  members  crossed 
the  Strand  to  Somerset  House,  the  premises 
were  purchased  by  Mr.  Lingham,  a  breeches- 
maker  in  the  Strand,  who  let  them  for  any 
purpose  for  which  he  could  find  a  tenant. 
The  most  notable  entertainments  were 
Dibdin's  '  The  Whim  of  the  Moment ;  or, 
Nature  in  Little'  (1789),  and  others  of  the 
kind,  "the  whole  written  and  composed, 
and  will  be  spoken,  sung,  and  accompanied, 
by  Mr.  Dibdin." 

The  year  1809,  when  the  burnt-out  company 
from  Drury  Lane  obtained  a  special  licence 


10*  s.  in.  FEB.  is,  loos.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


133 


to  give  dramatic  performances  here,  was 
probably  the  first  date  when  it  became  a 
theatre. 

The  subsequent  remarkable  mutations  of 
this  house  are  of  great  interest.  Its  history 
has  been  written  and  published  within  recent 
years,  but  for  the  moment  1  cannot  recall  the 
name  of  the  author.  Vide  Mr.  Barton  Baker's 
'  The  London  Stage,'  vol.  ii.  p.  36 ;  also 
Cunningham's  '  London,'  Timbs,  and  several 
similar  works.  ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

39,  Hillmarton  Road. 

SERJEANTSON  FAMILY  OF  HANLITH,  YORKS 
(10th  S.  ii.  250).  —  If  other  information  be 
lacking,  is  not  the  first  consideration  the 
probable  origin  of  the  surname?  Walker's 
'  Dictionary  '  tells  us  that  "  surnames  origin- 
ally designated  occupation,  place  of  residence, 
or  some  particular  thing  or  event  that  related 
to  the  person."  li  Serjeantson  "  seems  to  imply 
son  of  some  one  known  commonly  in  his  time 
as  "The  Sergeant":— 

"  This  word  'Sergeant '  is  used  in  Britton  for  an 
Officer  belonging  to  the  County ;  and  the  same 
which  Bracton  in  his  Fifth  Book,  cap.  4,  num.  2, 
calls  Servientem  Hundredi,  and  is  in  truth  no  other 
than  Bayliff  of  the  Hundred.  And  the  Steward  of 
a  Manor  is  called  Serviens  Manerii :  Coke,  vol.  iv. 
Copyhold  Cases,  fol.  21  a."— Cowell. 

More  details  concerning  this  family  have 
not  been  found  by  the  present  writer  than 
the  following,  from  The  Craven  Herald  in 
1901,  over  the  signature  "  R.  B.  Cragg."  "  The 
monks  of  Fountains were  the  chief  over- 
lords or  proprietors  in  this  p'sh "  (Hanlith). 
"In  the  Abbey's  rent  roll  for  1357  I  find  one 
called  Scberlantson  "  (?  Scheriantson).  "In 
1361  one  Eich'1  Serjeantson  held  a  cottage  of 
the  Abbot  at  Malham"  (an  adjoining  hamlet). 

"In  the  poll  tax  of  Rich.  II.,  of  1379,  a  Will 

S n  and  his  wife  lived  at  Kirkby  -  Malham 

[another  adjoining  hamlet],  and  they  paid  4f/.  In 
1530  this  family  was  settled  at  Hanlith,  and  must 
have  been  yeomen.  In  1569  the  'Rising  of  the 
North  '  found  the  head  of  the  family  siding  with 

the  Nortons At  the  dissolution  of  the  Abbeys 

by  Henry  VIII.  Hanlith  was  granted  to  John  Lam- 
bert, whose  grandson  Josias,  about  1610,  sold  it  to 
the  Serjeantsons  ;  and  they  have  held  it  ever  since." 

TYKE. 

LONDON  CEMETERIES  IN  1860  (10th  S.  ii.  169, 
296,  393,  49G,  535;  iii.  56).— I  am  extremely 
obliged  to  COL.  PRIDEAUX  for  replying  so 
kindly  and  fully  to  my  question  respecting  the 
burial-ground  in  White  Horse  Street,  Stepney. 
From  what  he  says  I  have  no  doubt  it  is 
the  Stepney  Meeting  Ground,  near  Salmon's 
Lane,  which  I  remember  to  have  seen. 

With  regard  to  the  East  London  Cemetery, 
closed,  as  MR.  liAClilCHAKL  informs  us,  in 
1854, 1  may  say  that  I  have  now  located  its 


say. 
W 


site.  From  a  map  issued  with  '  The  Pictorial 
Handbook  of  London '  (Bohn,  1854),  it  appears 
to  have  been  a  plot  of  ground  lying  a  little 
to  the  north-west  of  the  Commercial  Gas 
Works,  near  the  point  where  Ben  Jonson 
Road  joins  Harford  Street.  Whether  the 
site  is  now  built  over  or  not  I  am  unable  to- 

I  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

est  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

TYRRELL  FAMILY  (10th  S.  iii.  69).— Has  your 
correspondent  consulted  3rd  S.  xii.  ;  4th  S.  iv.r 
v. ;  6th  S.  iii.  ;  7th  S.  ix. ;  8th  S.  ii.,  iv.,  which 
furnish  many  particulars  respecting  this 
family  ]  EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

In  my  experience  Lipscomb  is  always 
useful,  but  not  always  exact. 

I  have  seen  it  stated  that  a  subsequent 
owner  by  purchase  of  the  Thornton  estate 
caused  the  old  Tyrrell  monuments  or  tomb- 
stones to  be  thrown  into  the  River  Ouse, 
which  flows  close  by.  This  is  almost  in- 
credible, though  not  impossible.  If  true,  it  is 
possible  that  they  may  now  be  in  a  better 
state  of  preservation  than  they  would  have 
been  in  air  exposed  to  wind  and  frost.  Those 
interested  should  investigate  on  the  spot. 

A  cabdriver  now  claims  the  Tyrrell 
baronetcy. 

A    short    article    on    the    Tyrrell    family 
appeared  a  few  months  ago  in  The  People. 
LLEWELYN  LLOYD. 

Blake  House,  Winslow,  Bucks. 

AlXSTY  (10th  S.  ii.  25,  97,  455,  516).— I  have 
not  an  unlimited  range  over  topographical 
works,  but  I  can  find  no  mention  of  Ainsty 
except  as  regards  a  district  about  York. 
MR.  ARTHUR  HALL  seems  to  know  of  an 
Ainsty  in  Cambridgeshire  ;  but  Prof.  Skeat 
does  not  include  it  in  his  'Place-names  of 
Cambridgeshire '  (Cambridge  Antiquarian 
Society),  a  fact  which  is  for  me  very  sig- 
nificant. I  cannot,  of  course,  accept  the 
suggestion  that  ain  and  an  must  be  equiva- 
lent. ST.  SWITHMT. 

'  PARADISE  LOST  '  OF  1751  (10th  S.  iii.  68).— 
This  is  clearly  a  further  reprint  of  the 
"smaller  edition,"  of  which  I  possess  the 
ninth  issue.  Of  this,  the  title-page  (single) 
is  the  same  as  CANON  HEWITT'S,  but  is  dated 
1711,  and  the  name  of  Jacob  Tonson  appears 
alone  as  publisher.  It  is  faced  by  a  portrait 
of  Milton,  with  an  epigraph  by  Dryden. 
The  volume  contains  (1)  the  dedication  to 
Lord  Sommers,  (2)  the  poem  in  Latin  by  Dr. 
Barrow,  signed  S.  B.,  M.D.,  (3)  the  poem  of 
Andrew  Mar  veil,  'The  Verse.'  Many  of  the 
plates  show  marks  of  having  been  signed, 


134 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io«- s.  m.  FEB.  is,  iocs. 


;but  the  signatures  have  been  badly  scraped 
off.  Uniform  with  it  is  the 

"  Paradise  Regain'd.  |  A  |  Poem  |  In  Four  Books. 
I  To  which  is  added  |  Samson  Agonistes.  |  And  | 
•Poems  on  several  Occasions.  |  With  a  Tractate  of 
-Education  |  The  Author  |  John  Milton.  |  The  Fifth 
Edition.  Adorn'd  with  Cuts.  |  Printed  for  J.  Ton- 
•  son  at  Shakespears  Head,"  &c.  1713. 

In  this  too  the  signatures  of  the  plates  are 
scraped  out,  but  on  one  I  can  read  "Pigue" 
or  "Pigrie."  Each  section  in  this  latter 
volume  has  a  separate  title-page,  all  dated 
1713.  EDWARD  HERON-ALLEN. 

The  volume  mentioned  by  CANON  HEWITT 
cannot  be  a  composite  volume  pieced  together 
by  some  collector,  as  I  have  found  just  the 
same  volume,  with  all  the  details  described 
by  this  gentleman,  in  the  Munich  Hof-  und 
Staatsbiblipthek.  Here  this  volume  figures 
as  tome  i.  Tome  ii.  contains  'Paradise 
Regain'd,' 'Samson  Agonistes,'  '  Poems,' and 
the  'Tractate  of  Education,'  "the  eighth 
edition,''  printed  for  J.  &  R.  Tonson,  R. 
Ware,  J.  Hodges,  &c.,  1743.  Tome  ii.  has 
the  same  types  and  quality  of  paper,  but 
only  one  title  copper-plate,  without  other 
illustrations.  Also  the  pages  are  one  or  two 
millimeters  shorter  than  in  tome  i.  Roth 
Munich  volumes,  in  the  original  brown  leather 
binding,  bear  the  arms  of  the  Princes  of  the 
Palatinate  ;  they  came  from  Mannheim  or 
Heidelberg  to  Munich  with  the  library  of 
Charles  Theodore,  Elector  of  the  Palatinate. 

(Dr.)  M.  MAAS. 

Munich. 

SPELLING  REFORM  (10th  S.  ii.  305,  450;  iii. 
31). — At  the  last  reference  I  mentioned,  from 
memory,  the  instances  of  the  verbs  forgo  and 
forego  in  Milton ;  and  as  I  am  now  able  to 
consult  the  first  editions  and  the  concord- 
ance, I  can  give  the  exact  references.  Forgo, 
meaning  do  without :  '  Paradise  Lost,'  vii. 
1134  (modern  editions,  via.  497),  viii.  (modern 
•editions,  ix.)  908,  x.  538  (modern  editions, 
xi.  541);  'Samson  Agonistes,' 1.  940,  1.  1483; 
4  Hymn  of  the  Nativity,'  1.  196.  Forego, 
meaning  go  before:  'Paradise  Regained,' 
dv.  483.  ALDENHAM. 

VERSE  ON  A  COOK  (10th  S.  iii.  89).— This 
half-stanza  is  from  a  poem  called  'A  Table 
•of  Errata,'  by  a  poet  named  Thomas  Hood. 
WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

CLERGYMAN  AS  CITY  COUNCILLOR  (10th  S. 
iii.  24). — Surely  there  must  be  some  error  in 
the  statement  made  by  The  Times  of  22  De- 
cember, 1904  (quoted  by  MR.  UNDERDO WN), 
that  the  Rev.  Percival  Clementi-Smith,  rector 
of  St.  Andre\v-by-the-Wardrobe,  had  been 


unanimously  elected  as  a  City  Councillor  for 
Castle- Raynard  Ward,  and  that  he  was  the 
first  clergyman  who  had  been  elected  to 
the  Corporation  since  the  Reformation.  An 
inquiry  addressed  to  the  Town  Clerk  of  Hull 
(Mr.  E.  Laverack),  who  is  also  a  solicitor, 
brought  the  following  reply  :— 

"In  reply  to  your  letter  of  20  January,  I  beg 
to  inform  you  that  section  12  of  the  Municipal 
Corporations  Act,  1882,  provides  that  a  person  shall 
be  disqualified  for  being  elected,  and  for  being,  a 
councillor  if  and  while  he  is  in  Holy  Orders,  or  the 
regular  minister  of  a  dissenting  congregation.  This 
disqualification,  however,  does  not  apply  to  those 
members  of  the  Councils  of  the  City  of  Oxford  and 
the  Borough  of  Cambridge  who  are  elected  to 
represent  the  Universities." 

RONALD  DIXON. 

THE  NAIL  AND  THE  CLOVE  (10th  S.  iii.  41).— 
MR.  NICHOLSON  may  beinterested  in  the  article 
in  The  Gentleman's  (referred  to  in  a  recent  part 
of  the  '  New  English  Dictionary,'  s.v.  '  Paul ') 
as  to  "  Paul's  foot."  See  also  '  Pes  Pauli '  in 
Willis  and  Clark's  'Architectural  History  of 
Cambridge,'  Glossary.  As  to  wool  weights,  I 
shall  be  glad  toknow  whether  MR.  NICHOLSON'S 
investigations  lead  him  to  accept  Thorold 
Rogers's  statements  (e.g.  in  the  appendix  to 
vol.  ii.  of  'Agriculture  and  Prices')  as  to 
most  extraordinary  variations  in  the  number 
of  stones  in  a  sack — not  only  between  different 
localities,  but  in  the  same  locality  at  different 
times.  My  own  impression  is  that  the  Pro- 
fessor consistently  read  "sack"  every  time 
he  found  an  s.,  and  that  the  letter,  as  a  fact, 
frequently  stands  for  "  sarpler."  Q.  V. 

COUTANCES,  WINCHESTER,  AND  THE  CHANNEL 
ISLANDS  (10th  S.  ii.  68,  154.  231).— In  view  of 
the  obscurity  of  this  subject,  perhaps  it  may 
be  of  interest  to  summarize  very  briefly 
MR.  LEE'S  paper  in  the  twenty-ninth  Bulletin 
of  the  Societe  Jersiaise,  which  he  very  kindly 
sent  me.  On  28  October,  1406,  Alexander  VI. 
transferred  Jersey  and  Guernsey  to  the 
diocese  of  Salisbury,  and  on  20  January,  1499, 
the  same  Pope  transferred  all  the  islands  to 
Winchester  diocese.  Henry  VII.  wrote  to 
the  Bishop  of  Winchester  on  25  October, 
1499,  with  reference  to  the  Bull  of  the  latter 
date  ;  and  on  1  January,  1500,  the  Winchester 
register  records  the  admission  of  a  priest  to 
the  living  of  St.  Brelarde's,  Jersey.  This 
admission  is  also  recorded  in  the  Coutances 
register.  No  further  act  of  jurisdiction  of 
the  Bishop  of  Winchester  in  the  islands,  is 
recorded  in  the  register  of  that  see  before 
14  June,  1569.  The  last  act  of  jurisdiction 
registered  by  the  Bishop  of  Coutances  is 
dated  31  May,  1557.  In  1565  the  Privy 
Council  supported  the  claims  of  the  Bishop 


10*  s.  in.  FEB.  is,  1905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


135 


of  Coutances.  The  Bishop  of  Winchester's 
claim  was  finally  approved  by  an  order  in 
Council  dated  11  March,  1568/9.  One  wonders 
whether  the  Bulls  of  28  October,  1496,  and 
20  January,  1499,  were  ever  communicated 
to  the  French  bishop.  Xo  record  of  any 
act  of  the  Privy  Council  in  the  reign  o'f 
Edward  VI.  dealing  with  this  matter  seems 
to  remain.  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

ENGLISH  BURIAL  GROUND  AT  LISBON  (10th 
S.  ii.  448 ;  iii.  34).— There  is  a  little  about 
this  burial-ground  in  'Portugal  illustrated 
in  a  Series  of  Letters,3  by  the  Rev.  VV.  M. 
Kinsey,  B.D.,  second  edition,  London,  1829. 
The  letter  which  contains  the  references  is 
No.  iv.  and  is  dated  Lisbon,  1827.  The  author 
speaks  of  the  burial-ground  as  near  to  some 
barracks,  "at  the  moment  of  which  we  are 
speaking,  occupied  by  one  of  our  regiments 
of  guards."  * 

The  author  says,  "We  sought  in  vain  for 
the  tomb  of  Fielding,  whose  remains  were, 
we  knew,  nevertheless  deposited  here."  He 
speaks  of  the  cypress  trees  and  of  there 
being  "  a  variety  of  trees  not  usually  seen  in 
our  northern  churchyards."  Also, 
"among  the  monuments,  we  found  one  erected  to 
Thomas  Parr,  by  order  of  the  general  court  of 
Governors  of  Christ's  Hospital  in  1792  :  and  on  the 
portico  of  the  receiving  house,  looking  down  an 
avenue  in  the  cemetery,  we  observed  the  following 
inscription,  which  shows  that  this  sacred  spot  was 
purchased  by  the  British  and  Dutch  merchants 
united, 

Impensis  Britannorum  et  Batavorum,  1794." 

Pp.  103-5. 

It  may  be  that  the  inscription  refers  to  the 
receiving  house,  and  not  to  the  piece  of  land. 
ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

St.  Austin's,  Warrington. 

SIR  THOMAS  CORNWALLIS  (10th  S.  iii.  29,  73). 
— The  document  described  by  MR.  HERON- 
ALLEN  is  evidently  one  of  the  Writs  of  Privy 
Seal  for  Loans — a  kind  of  royal  promissory 
note  or  Exchequer  bill— issued  by  James  I. 
to  raise  money,  after  he  had  indignantly 
told  his  grudging  Commons  that  he  did  not 
want  their  "  supply,"  which,  however,  we  are 
told,  they  had  no  intention  of  granting  him. 
It  is  a  document  well  known  to  students  of 
old  records.  These  writs  were  directed  to  all 
persons  of  means  in  each  county,  requiring 
them  to  pay  to  the  county  collector  the 
amount  mentioned  in  the  writ,  which  in 
those  I  have  seen  appears  to  have  varied 
according  to  individual  circumstances  or 

*  A  force  of  5,000  men  was  sent  to  Lisbon  in 
December,  1826,  to  give  aid  to  Isabella,  Princess 
Regent  of  Portugal,  against  the  absolutists.  It  left 
in  April,  182$. 


assessment.  The  writ  then  passed  into  circu- 
lation as  paper  currency,  and  sometimes  was 
not  presented  at  the  Exchequer  until  two 
or  three  years  after  the  date  specified  for 
its  redemption  had  elapsed.  A  note  of  its 
repayment  was  then  made  upon  it,  signed 
by  the  Teller  of  the  Exchequer  who  paid  it 
as  well  as  by  its  then  holder  or  assignee.  Its 
phraseology  is  very  curious,  and  may  be  of 
royal  composition,  or  more  probably  it  was 
merely  the  usual  form  of  such  writs.  It 
is  certainly  a  document  of  much  "  con- 
stitutional" interest.  A  perfect  specimen 
should  have  a  large  papered  impression  of 
the  Privy  Seal  affixed  to  it,  and  the  name  of 
the  person  to  whom  it  was  directed,  and  who 
had  to  make  the  advance,  written  upon  the 
fly-leaf  of  it.  It  is  printed  in  "  Secretary :> 
not  "  Court-hand ''  type.  G.  B.  M. 

SAMUEL  WILDERSPIN  (10th  S.  ii.  528).— It 
has  been  stated  by  a  correspondent  (£th  S.  i. 
332)  that  the  portrait  by  Herbert,  R.A.,  was 
then  (April,  1898)  in  the  possession  of  Mr. 
J.  W.  Young,  of  Belgrave  Road,  Rathmines, 
Dublin,  who  married  one  [of  Wilderspin's 
daughters.  This  portrait  "  was  engraved  by 
Agnew,  but  for  some  unknown  reason  prints 
were  not  published."  For  a  list  of  Wilder- 
spin's  works  and  the  families  into  which  his 
son  and  daughters  married  see  9th  S.  i.  270. 

EVERARD   HOME   COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

EXTRAORDINARY  TIDE  IN  THE  THAMES 
(10th  S.  iii.  47). — In  view  of  the  possibilities 
of  the  Thames  Harbour  Bill,  which  is  shortly 
to  claim  the  attention  of  Parliament,  and. 
which,  if  it  becomes  law,  will  settle  all  ques- 
tions of  tide  in  the  Thames  above  Gravesend 
regardless  of  the  forces  of  nature,  at  the 
absolute  will  of  a  committee  of  men,  it  is 
due  to  that  little  band  of  volunteers  who 
are  promoting  the  Great  Thames  Barrage 
Scheme  that  present  records  should  be  fairly 
stated,  and  the  assertion  in  The  Times  that 
'•  no  damage  appears  to  have  been  done" is- 
open  to  correction.  As  a  matter  of  fact, 
there  was  very  considerable  loss  and  incon- 
venience in  Kent  and  Essex  by  breaches  and 
overflow  of  the  river  walls,  and  large  tracts 
were  inundated,  as  there  is  plenty  of  local 
newspaper  evidence  to  show  ;  and  many  of  us 
remember  having  to  travel  on  the  London 
and  Tilbury  Railway  through  floods  so  deep 
that  it  was  only  by  the  greatest  caution  that 
the  engine-drivers  could  prevent  the  water 
from  putting  out  their  engine  fires. 

The  Barrage  Scheme,  if  carried  out,  will 
revolutionize  the  Lower  Thames,  by  keeping 
the  tide  always  high,  but  no  higher  than 


136 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io<h  s.  in.  FEB.  is,  1905. 


needful,  conducing  to  pleasure  and  safety, 
and  at  the  same  time  affording  room  for 
motor  or  sailing  yacht  traffic  ;  and  if  that  is 
not  sufficient,  then  there  would  be  room  for 
the  whole  of  the  British  navy  to  lie  in  peace 
in  a  deep-water  harbour,  with  never  a  fear 
for  a  return  of  the  tide.  The  idea  bristles 
with  promise  for  London,  but  the  misfortune 
of  it  is  that  the  Thames  Conservancy,  having 
now  completed,  so  far  as  is  humanly  possible, 
the  pioneer  idea  of  Teddington  Lock,  has 
fallen  into  an  almost  moribund  condition.  It 
is  an  old  saying  that  the  song  of  the  dying 
swan  is  most  melodious,  but  that  does  not 
hold  good  of  the  valedictory  remarks  of 
Sir  Frederick  Dixon  Hartland,  the  retiring 
Chairman,  when  he  said  to  a  Daily  Graphic 
interviewer : — 

"When  you  take  into  account  the  fogs  that  you 

get  on  the  river,  and  the  immense  turns  in  the 

river,  I  don't  see  how  steamboats  can  compete  with 

omnibuses  and  the  railways.    In  Paris  you  have 

boats  each  holding  from  forty  to  fifty,  and  running 

every  two  minutes.      A  system  properly  worked 

in  summer  as  pleasure  traffic  might  do,  but  I  don't 

see  how  they  are  to  be  carried  on  all  the  year,  and 

I  fancy  they  will  have  to  be  stopped  eventually.    If 

they  will  allow  the  sale  of  drinks  on  board  they 

might  pay  expenses.  The  profit  on  the  drink  would 

not  do  it ;  but  people  would  come  who  otherwise 

would  stay  away.    This  has  been  proved  before." 

_  That  is  scarcely  a  hopeful  picture  of  the 

tides  of  London's  future  ;  and  in  such  a  case 

a  return  to  the  primitive  ways  of  old  London 

might  not  be  entirely  out  of  the  question,  or 

even  undesirable.    The  Civil  and  Mechanica" 

Engineers'  Society,  in  discussing  this  lock 

at  Gravesend,  suggested   that  the  Thame> 

lightermen,  who  for  years  past  had  conductec 

dumb  barges  up  the  river  with  the  flood  anc 

down  again  with  the  ebb  tide,  would  have 

their  motive  power,  and  with  it  their  living 

taken  from  them.     Such,  indeed,  was  the 

motive  power  of  the  historic  Gravesend  til 

boats,  the  common  passenger  boats  to  London 

from  the  time  of  Queen  Elizabeth  to  Kinj 

George  III.,  when  steamboats  were  inventec 

to  disturb  the  peaceful,   happy  scene. 

such  again  is  to  be  the  scene  of  the  Thames 

the  greatest  river  of  the  world,  then  wit! 

a  lock  at  Gravesend  Denham's  well-knowr 

lines  may  be  literally  fulfilled.     That  woul< 

be  charming  for  a  poetical  London  ;  but 

fear  that  the  doom  of  the  Thames  is  traffi 

to  the  utmost  in  bigger  and  yet  bigger  steam 

ships,  and  the  Thames  Conservancy's  dredg 

ing  for  deeper  and  yet  deeper  channels  wi 

scarcely  accord  with  the  dumb  barge  traffic 

Even    now    the    Suez    Canal    is    becomin 

obsolete  through  its  insufficiency  of  depth 

and  ships  of  the  future  will  be  passing  rpun 

the  Cape  again  for    the  want  of  a  bigge 


anal.  May  such  ships  of  the  future  ever 
gain  enter  the  Port  of  London  1  If  with  a 
reat  bar  with  locks  at  Gravesend,  yes,  and 
o  London's  hearts'  content ;  but  without  it, 
hen  good-bye  to  London  as  a  seaport  of  the 
vorld,  and  good-bye  to  Gravesend  as  the 
ea-gate  key.  CHARLES  COBIIAM. 

Gravesend. 

POLICE  UNIFORMS  :  OMNIBUSES  (10th  S.  iii. 
29,  73).—  The  Illustrated  London  News  of 

May,  1847  (p.  288),  gives  the  approximate 
iate  of  the  introduction  of  the  "knife-board" 
mnibus.  There  is  on  the  page  indicated  an 
engraving  of  such  a  vehicle  plying  for  hire, 
and  also  a  sectional  back  view  of  this  "im- 
proved omnibus. "  From  the  letterpress  I 
copy  the  following  paragraphs  : — 

"This  new  omnibus  involves  two  points  of 
mportance  to  the  public — improved  construction 
ind  consequent  reduction  of  fare. 

"  Several  of  the  new  carriages  are  now  building  for 
,he  Economic  Conveyance  Company,  by  Messrs. 
Adams  &Co.,  at  their  works,  Fairfield,  Bow  ;  who 
"iave  patented  this  vehicle.  Its  prominent  differ- 
ences from  the  omnibuses  in  general  use,  are— its 
easiness  of  access,  that  [?  the]  roof  of  the  carriage 
;>eing  raised,  so  as  to  admit  the  free  entrance, 
without  stooping,  of  a  tall  person ;  whilst  a  safe 
mode  of  holding  on  is  afforded  till  the  passenger  is 
seated. 

"  The  interior  of  the  roof  of  the  carriage  is  to  be 
appropriated  to  advertisements,  whilst  its  exterior 
will  form  a  seat  for  the  outside  passengers.  Thir- 
teen passengers  may  be  carried  within,  and  about 
fourteen  without.  For  the  interior  conveyance 
twopence  per  passenger,  and  for  the  outside  one 
penny,  for  an  average  distance  of  a  mile  will  be 
charged.  It  is  not,  however,  intended  to  convey 
passengers  strictly  by  the  mile,  but  from  one  part 
of  the  metropolis  to  another,  averaging  the  distance 
of  a  mile  ;  and  other  omnibuses  will  be  in  attend- 
ance to  convey  the  traveller  to,  or  towards  his 
destination." 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 
West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

To  the  London  Road-Car  Company  belongs 
the  credit  of  having  introduced  ''garden- 
seat  "  omnibuses  into  England.  Its  first 
vehicle,  an  illustration  of  which  is  given  in 
my  book  '  Omnibuses  and  Cabs  :  their  Origin 
and  History,'  published  three  years  ago.  had 
the  staircase  at  the  front ;  but  this  arrange- 
ment proving  dangerous  to  the  public,  altera- 
tions were  made  which  produced  the  present 
type  of  omnibus.  This  was  in  1881.  The 
same  company  introduced  the  ticket  system 
—rolls  of  tickets— and  the  L.G.O.C.  adopted 
it  in  1891.  Neither  company  found  it  a 
reliable  check,  and  it  was  relinquished  for  the 
"bell  punch"  system  now  in  vogue.  But 
several  years  before  the  London  Road-Car 
Company  came  into  existence,  tickets  were 
issued  in  the  omnibuses  of  the  Metropolitan 


s.  iii.  FEB.  is,  IMS.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


137 


Kail  way,  which  ran  .from  Portland  Road 
Station  to  Piccadilly  Circus  for  the  con- 
venience of  railway  passengers.  The  con- 
ductor collected  the  railway  tickets  in  the 
omnibuses,  and  passengers  who  had  not  come 
by  train  were  given  tickets  in  exchange  for 
their  fares. 

The  "minibus"  mentioned  by  MR.  BARCLAY- 
ALLARDICE  was  undoubtedly  a  cab.  It  was 
one  of  the  names  by  which  Boulnois's  cab 
was  known  in  London  in  1832.  Another 
name  was  "  the  omnibus  slice,"  bestowed 
upon  it  because  of  its  resemblance  to  the 
front  part  of  an  omnibus. 

HENRY  CHARLES  MOORE. 

66,  Morshead  Mansions,  W. 

A  minibus  was  a  closed  vehicle  in  vogue  in 
Scotland  fifty  or  sixty  years  ago,  with  the 
door  behind,  and  a  seat  for  two  passengers 
on  either  side.  If  my  memory  serves  me 
aright,  it  ran  on  four  wheels,  and  differed 
in  construction  from  any  kind  of  carriage 
now  in  use,  in  that  the  driver's  seat  was 
placed  very  high— sometimes,  I  think,  _  on 
the  front  of  the  roof,  as  in  the  original 
omnibus.  R.  E.  B. 

I  should  like  to  say  that  the  tunic  and 
helmet  of  the  police  were  adopted  about 
1863  or  1864,  but  I  believe  the  "white  ducks" 
were  abolished  many  years  before  that  date. 

I  can  distinctly  remember  as  far  back  as 
1838,  and  at  that  date,  and  for  many  years 
after,  I  recall  omnibuses  with  doors  :  they 
ran  from  Mile  End  Gate  to  Paddington,  I 
think.  The  conductor  stood  on  what  was 
termed  a  "monkey-board,"  and  held  on  by 
a  leather  strap.  R.  MURRAY. 

180,  Ennersdale  Road,  Lewisham,  S.E. 

DANISH    SURNAMES    (10th    S.    iii.    49).— 
Surnames  do  not  seem  to  have  been  known 
until  a  period  some  centuries  after  the  Viking 
age.    Some  nicknames  may  have  survived 
the  person  thus  designated  ;  but  most  of  the 
names  adopted,  when  surnames  appear  in 
the  twelfth  century,  were  taken  from  the 
various  parts  of  the  Danish  realm,  from  the 
town,   village,   farm,  &c.,  nearest  at  hand 
Many  quaint  names  have  survived  in  Norway 
owing  to  any  place  in  the  locality   of  the 
family   being    chosen.     The  nobility    chose 
names  of  animals  for  preference,  viz.,  Buk 
(Buch),  Brus,  Hjort,  Ged,  Hog,  Krage,  Kalv 
other  surnames  were  taken  from   weapons 
and  utensils  in  general  use,  viz.,  Hammer 
Brand(t).    About  1500  the  King  of  Denmark 
tried  to  make  the  noble  families  each  have 
their  own  special  surname,  under  which  the 
branches  of  the  same  family  could  be  known. 


Vames  like  Gyldenstjerne,  Rosenkrans,  and 
Ivitfeld  thus  arose.  After  the  Reforma- 
,ion  the  students  followed  suit,  latinizing 
heir  birthplace,  viz.,  Pontoppidan.  The 
townspeople  when  the  custom  became  general 
hose  as  a  rule  their  surname  from  the  various 
professions.  W.  R.  P. 

WILLIAM  III.'s  CHARGERS  AT  THE  BATTLE 
OF  THE  BoYNE  (10th  S.  ii.  321,  370,  415,  453). 
— In  support  of  MR.  PICKFORD'S  supposition 
that  William  crossed  the  Boyne  at  very 
shallow  water,  I  may  direct  attention  to  the 
'ollowing  lines  from  '  The  Fops  at  the  Boyne' 
n  Thornbury's  '  Songs  of  the  Cavaliers  and 
Roundheads'  (Hurst  &  Blackett,  1857) : — 
"Fire-drakes,  ford  the  Irish  river," 

Panting  cried  Mackay ; 
Then  the  splashing  and  the  gurgle 

As  the  waters  fly  : 
Some  were  wading  to  the  ankle, 
Some  to  full  mid-thiyh. 

The  italics  are  mine. 

The  skull  of  the  Duke  of  Schomberg  in 
St.  Patrick's  Cathedral  was  turned  up  in  the 
course  of  some  repairs  in  1902,  but  was  buried 
in  its  former  resting-place. 

HENRY  GERALD  HOPE. 

119,  Elms  Road,  Clapham,  S.W. 

'  THE  NORTHAMPTON  MERCURY  '  (10th  S.  iii. 
5,  94). — Mea  culpa  !  I  inadvertently  sent  off 
the  paragraph  from  the  Dail;/  Mail  without 
annotation,  and,  but  for  MR.  R.  L.  MORETON'S 
reminder,  the  error  concerning  Robert 
Raikes  would  have  been  allowed  to  stand. 
My  apologies  are  due  to  both  Editor  and 
readers.  It  was  Robert  Raikes,  father  of 
the  philanthropist,  who,  with  Mr.  W.  Dicey, 
founded  The  Northampton  Mercury  in  1720, 
as  set  forth  in  my  previous  note  at  8th  S.  vi. 
25.  The  two  men  also  founded  The  Gloucester 
Journal  in  1722  ;  but  ultimately  the  partner- 
ship was  dissolved,  and  Dicey  retained  sole 
possession  of  the  business  at  Northampton, 
while  that  at  Gloucester  fell  to  the  share  of 
Raikes.  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

"SNOWTE":  WEIR  AND  FISHERY  (10th  S. 
iii.  88). — As  a  projecting  point  of  land  is 
called  a  ness  or  a  naze,  both  apparently  con- 
nected with  nose,  there  seems  to  be  no  reason 
why  it  may  not  also  be  called  a  snout.  See 
prov.  E.  snout  in  the  '  Eng.  Dialect  Dic- 
tionary.' WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

Probably  Snowte  is  but  another  spelling  of 
snout,  and  would,  therefore,  be  equivalent 
with  nose,  which  is  not  an  uncommon  name 
for  a  small  headland  ;  e.g.,  at  Torquay  there 
is  Hope's  Nose.  W.  C.  B. 


133 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,      no*  s.  in.  FEB.  is,  1905. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

The  Devil's  Charter.    By  Barnabe  Barnes.    Edited 

from  the  Quarto  of  1607  by  R.  B.  McKerrow. 

(Louvain,  Uystpruyst ;  London,  Nutt.) 
Btn  Jomoriij  Dramen.   In  Neudruck  herausgegeben 

nach  cler  Folio  1616  von  W.  Bang.    Erster  Teil. 

(Same  publishers.) 

THESE  two  works  constitute  vols.  vi.  and  yii.  of 
"Materialien  zur  Kunde  des  iilteren  Englischen 
Dramas,"  edited  by  a  society  of  English,  American, 
and  Continental  scholars,  and  issued  in  handsome 
and  attractive  guise  from  the  presses  of  Louvain 
and  Leipzig.  That  some  notable  reprints,  includ- 
ing Thomas  Heywood's  'Pleasant  Dialogues  and 
Drammas,'  had  been  issued  under  this  designation 
we  had  heard,  though  we  had  not  previously  come 
across  any  of  the  publications.  The  reprint  now 
before  us  of  the  first  part  of  the  1616  folio  of  Ben 
Jonson,  which  is  issued  under  the  editorship  of 
Prof.  Bang,  is  the  most  important  work  as  yet 
undertaken  by  the  society.  What  is  the  value  of 
this  first  folio  of  Ben  Jonson  has  become  gradually 
known  to  scholars  and  collectors,  with  the  result 
that  the  work,  once  a  drug  in  the  market,  is 
now  at  a  premium,  and  worth  as  many  pounds 
as  it  was  formerly  worth  shillings.  In  recog- 
nizing the  value  of  this  beautiful  reprint,  and  in 
acknowledging  the  spirit  and  enterprise  of  the 
publishers,  to  whom  English  scholarship  is  under 
deepest  obligation,  we  cannot  but  regret  that  it  is 
reserved  to  foreigners  to  accomplish  what  should  be 
assumed  as  a  national  responsibility,  and  tojopen  out 
a  series  of  works  such  as  neither  of  our  Shakespeare 
Societies  has  attempted.  Already  we  begin  to 
speculate  as  to  what  we  may  not  expect  from  a 
series  that  starts  in  such  fashion.  Most  heartily 
do  we,  on  the  strength  of  what  is  before  us,  com- 
mend the  work  to  pur  readers,  and  urge  them  to 
support  an  institution  that  promises  to  do  for  us 
what  has  not  previously  been  attempted.  In  the 
first  part  of  Ben  Jonson  appear  in  facsimile  '  Euery 
Man  in  his  Humour,'  '  Euery  Man  Ovt  of  his 
Humour,'  'Cynthias  Revels,'  and  the  opening  por- 
tion of  '  Poetaster  or  His  Arraignement/  suggesting 
that  the  whole  will  occupy  four  numbers  of  the 
same  size  as  the  present.  Facsimiles  of  the  various 
title-pages  are  given,  the  work  reproducing  also 
Vaughan's  portrait  and  the  emblematical  general 
title  of  Hole,  with  the  date  1616  and  the  words 
*  The  Workes  of  Ben  Jonson,'  which  brought  on  the 
poet  the  derision  of  his  more  jealous  and  ill-natured 
contemporaries.  The  'Catalogue,'  the  'Carmen 
Protrepticon '  of  Selden,  the  commendatory  verses 
of  Chapman,  Beaumont,  and  others,  are  also  pre- 
served. Prof.  Bang's  task  is  admirably  discharged, 
and  we  are  disposed  to  regard  the  publication  as 
the  greatest  contribution  yet  made  to  the  Tudor 
drama  from  a  foreign  source. 

Barnabe  Barnes's  grim  and  curious  play  l  The 
Devil's  Charter '  is  now  for  the  first  time  edited  and 
reprinted  from  the  quarto  of  1607.  Recent  as  is 
Mr.  McKerrow's  introduction,  fresh  light  has  been 
cast  upon  Barnes  since  its  appearance.  That  Barnes 
was  in  little  favour  with  his  fellows,  and  had  a 
reputation  that  might  be  judged  irreconcilable 
with  his  origin  (he  was  the  son  of  a  bishop),  was 
known  ;  that  he  was  a  brawler,  an  evil  liver,  and  a 
profligate  was  to  be  gathered  from  evidence,  internal 
and  external ;  that  he  was  a  murderer,  a  prison- 


breaker,  and  a  fugitive  from  justice  has  but  recently 
been  discovered.  By  the  light  of  contemporary 
revelations  his  choice  and  treatment  of  a  subject 
acquire  new  interest.  Barnes  had  little  lyrical  in- 
spiration, but  had  a  certain  amount  of  ill-regulated 
ability.  He  appears  to  have  been  one  of  the  most  tur 
bulent  and  disorderly  worshippers  and  imitators 
of  Marlowe,  and  will  doubtless,  if  he  is  judged  im- 
portant enough,  find  in  due  time  his  rehabilitates. 
The  basis  of  his  tragedy,  which  deals  with  the  life 
and  death  of  Pope  Alexander  VI.,  and  was  per- 
formed before  King  James  at  Christmas,  1606, 
is  taken  in  the  main  from  Guicciardini,  who  is 
introduced  at  the  end  of  each  act  as  chorus. 
Alexander,  who  has  sold  his  soul,  like  Faustus,  to 
the  devil,  is  a  monster  of  iniquity.  The  devils 
introduced  are  at  times  rather  hilarious  crea- 
tures. Written  in  a  style  farced  with  Latin- 
isms,  the  play  is  a  mine  for  the  philologist. 
It  is  quite  possible  to  think  of  Barnes  gloating 
over  the  iniquities  he  describes.  Pantagruell  is 
mentioned  in  connexion  with  a  character  called 
Pantaconger.  One  scene,  in  which  Alexander  woos 
from  a  window,  is  unparalleled  in  the  drama 
until  we  reach  the  worst  iniquities  of  Restoration 
time  and  the  choicest  utterances  of  Wycherley. 
There  is  no  list  of  characters.  There  are  some 
useful  notes,  textual  and  others,  and  a  valuable 
introduction,  dealing  with  bibliographical  points  of 
great  interest.  An  index  at  the  close  is  a  useful 
feature.  Had  we  space  to  dilate  on  the  play  we 
could  find  much  to  say  concerning  it.  As  it  is, 
we  confine  ourselves  to  urging  strongly  our  readers 
to  subscribe  to  a  series  which  promises  greatly  to 
enrich  our  stores  of  accessible  literature.  The 
works  seem  to  be  issued  under  the  protection  of 
the  great  University  of  Louvain,  in  which  M.  Bang 
is  Professor  of  English  Philology.  In  typographical 
respects  and  in  accuracy  the  publications  we  have 
seen  are  alike  ideal. 

The  Rubdiydt  of  Omar  Khayyam.  Translated  by 
Edward  FitzGerald.  Illustrated  by  Gilbert 
James.  (Routledge  &  Sons.) 

THIS  edition  of  FitzGerald's  Omar  Khayyam  con- 
tains seventy  -  five  stanzas,  each  printed  on  a 
separate  page,  and  is  accompanied  by  twelve  re- 
productions in  photogravure  of  designs  by  Mr. 
Gilbert  James.  These,  though  slightly  sentimen- 
talized, are  Persian  in  character,  are  pleasantly 
suggestive,  and  add  greatly  to  the  attractions  of  the 
book.  Especially  happy  is  the  design  serving  as 
frontispiece.  It  is  a  delightful  work  for  either 
library  or  boudoir,  and  forms  presumably  the  first 
issue  of  what  is  called  "The  Photogravure  Series.'' 
What  works  will  constitute  appropriate  companions 
to  the  '  Rubaiyat'  we  know  not.  We  are  thankful, 
however,  for  what  we  have,  and  wait  patiently 
for  what  time  will  show  us. 

THE  later  numbers  of  the  Intermedia!)-*,  contain, 
among  other  articles  relating  to  a  wide  range  of 
subjects,  papers  on  the  second  marriage  ot  the 
Duchess  of  Berry,  certain  existing  descendants  of 
Napoleon  the  Great,  the  project  of  marriage  cut 
short  by  the  death  of  Leon  Gambetta,  the  armorial 
coats  of  bishoprics  and  abbeys,  and  the  still-existing 
boundary  stones  marking  the  limits  of  the  corree 
of  two  adjoining  parishes. 

THE  first  article  in  Folk-lore  is  the  second  part 
of  Mr.  Cook's  account  of  the  sky-god  of  Europe. 
Then  come  '  Notes  from  Armenia,'  by  J.  R  Harris. 


in.  FEB.  is,  1905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


139 


In  the  collectanea  occur  some  Irish  beliefs, 
among  which  we  read  that  "  the  poor  here  [Tip- 
perary]  have  wonderful  faith  in  the  priest,  who 
they  believe  'can  turn  them  into  turkey-cocks,  or 
fasten  them  to  the  ground.'  "  Into  what,  one  may 
ask,  did  these  Christian  shamans  transform  recal- 
citrant parishioners  before  the  turkey  was  intro- 
duced from  its  native  country,  America  ? 

BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUES. 

MR.  BLACK  WELL,  of  Oxford,  has  a  clearance 
catalogue,  which  contains  much  of  interest  under 
Antiquarian,  Bibliography,  Heraldry,  and  Topo- 
graphy. Previous  catalogues  can  still  be  had, 
including  a  selection  from  the  library  of  the  late 
Canon  Ainger. 

Mr.  Dobell's  Catalogue  128  contains  much  to 
interest  us.  Under  Goldsmith  we  find  a  copy  of 
the  first  edition  of  '  The  Vicar  of  Wakefield,'  2  vols. 
12mo,  1766,  handsomely  bound  in  crimson  morocco, 

\ri™»    -W    •     alen    a    first,  fiHitirm    of    '  Shft    StooDS    tc 


1709-10,  6?.  6-1.  Under  Swift  is  a  first  edition  of 
'Gulliver,'  including  the  very  rare  spurious  vol.  iii., 
57.  5".  There  is  a  Shakespeare  Folio,  second 
impression,  1632,  1257.  :  another  copy,  45?.  :  and  a 
third  copy,  467.  A  copy  of  Shirley's  plays,  1653,  is 
priced  at  121. 12*. :  a  first  edition  of  'Paradise  Lost' 
is  to  be  had  for  30?. :  a  first  edition  of  '  Rasselas,' 
original  binding,  uncut,  51.  5s. ;  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  first  edition,  36?.  The  excessively  rare 
original  edition  of  Herrick  is  marked  18?.  18s. 
Under  America  are  many  rare  works.  There  are 
also  interesting  collections  of  historical  pamphlets. 
Among  Dryden  items  is  the  first  edition  of  all  the 
volumes  of  the  'Miscellany,'  1684-1709,  price  12?. 

Mr.  Dobell  sends  us  also  Catalogue  129.  In  this 
are  books  from  the  library  of  the  late  Duke  of 
Cambridge.  Among  these  are  a  large-paper  copy 
of  Bell's  'British  Theatre,' with  brilliant  impres- 
sions of  the  numerous  fine  portraits,  1791-G,  31  vols., 
6?  6s.  ;  '  Protests  of  the  House  of  Lords,'  1641-1735, 
12*.  ('•'?.  ;  Nichols's  '  Literary  Anecdotes,'  14  vols., 
1?.  10s. ;  and  Wilkes's  Xorth  Briton,  complete  set, 
3  vols.  folio,  1769-70.  12s.  Qd.  The  miscellaneous 
portion  includes  a  first  edition  of  '  Northanger 
Abbey,'  1818,  3?.  3s.  Under  Cruikshank  is  a  set 
of  the  original  editions  of  'The  Comic  Almanack,' 
1835-53.  37.  10s.  Under  Dickensiana  is  the  very 
rare  'Posthumous  Papers  of  the  Cadgers'  Club,' 
1838,  2?.  18s.  '  Real  Life  in  London,'  1822-3,  is  67.6s. 

Mr.  Downing,  of  the  Chaucer's  Head  Library, 
Birmingham,  has  an  interesting  little  catalogue. 
The  items  include  the  rare  Collier  Shakespeare, 
8  vols.,  1878,  IS?.  18s.  (there  were  only  58  copies  of 
this  privately  printed) :  the  Vale  Press  Shakespeare, 
38  vols.,  in  the  original  green  cloth,  227.  15s.  :  Reid's 
'Cruikshank  Catalogue,'  3  vols.  4to,  1871,  16?.  16s. 
(this  contains  313  etchings,  and  is  very  scarce) ;  a 
tine  copy  of  Constable's  'Landscape  Scenery,'  1855, 
very  scarce,  4?.  4-s.  ;  Hogarth,  Baldwin,  1822,  5?.  5s.  : 
Lodge's  '  Portraits,'  1821-34,  22?.  10s.  ;  a  cheap  set 
of  the  '  Musee  Francais,'6  vols.  atlas  folio,  10?.  10-s.  ; 
Roscoe's  'Novelists'  Library,'  1813-33,  scarce, 
10?.  10s. 

Mr.  Francis  Edwards  has  a  clearance  cata- 
logue of  books,  ancient  and  modern.  There  are  a 
number  of  works  on  Afghanistan  and  Australia, 
many  of  them  from  the  library  of  the  explorer 


James  Bonwick.  Under  China  is  a  copy  of  Leech's 
'  Butterflies  of  China  and  Japan,'  price  7?.  10s- 
Under  India  occur  'Fort  St.  George  Records,' 
38  vols.,  6?.,  and  'Bombay  Government  Records,'' 
1885-1903,  4?.  :  also  Hampson's  '  Moths,'  2/.  10*.  • 
Under  Egypt  is  the  first  series,  complete  in  12  vols., 
of  English  translations  of  the  Assyrian  and  Egyptian 
inscriptions,  2?.  '2s.  In  the  general  portion  of  the 
catalogue  are  a  copy  of  Le  Monitenr,  1  Jan.,  1790,  to 
30  June,  1814,  15?.  ;  the  Standard  Library  Editioa 
of  Thackeray,  8?. ;  Stephens's  '  British  Entomology,. 
7?.  7s. ;  Scott,  1842,  17.  vols.,  8?.  8s.  ;  the  Gadshill 
Dickens,  6?.  ;  and  Wheatley  and  Cunningham's* 
'  London,'  35s.  There  are  works  on  costumes- 
and  interesting  coloured  stipple  and  other  engrav- 
ings. Many  noteworthy  items  will  be  found  under 
Architecture,  Anatomy,  Birds,  and  Folk  -  lore. 
There  are  publications  of  scientific  and  learned! 
societies,  among  them  being  the  Camden,  a  com- 
plete set  of  Archceolorjia,  30?.,  also  Archcvoloyia- 
Oambrensit,  40?. 

List  277  of  Messrs.  William  George's  Sons,  Bristol, 
contains  works  on  Heraldry  and  Antiquities 
local  to  the  British  Isles.  The  catalogue  is  well, 
arranged  and  easy  of  reference.  Under  Somerset* 
may  be  noticed  Collinson's  '  County  History,  '7?.  Is. ;-. 
'  Illustrations  of  the  County,'  from  old  drawings  in 
the  British  Museum,  6?.  16s.  6f?.  ;  and  Green's. 
'Bibliotheca,'  1902,  which  The  Athenaeum  described 
as  being  the  best  and  most  thorough  county  biblio- 
graphy that  has  yet  been  issued. 

Mr.  Henry  Gray,  of  East  Acton,  issues  what  he 

calls  "International  Bulletins."    We  have  received 

the  last  two.  No.  242  is  devoted  to  Family  Histories, 

many  privately  printed  and   mostly  scarce.     Dr.. 

Howard's  '  Arundell  Family,'  6  vols.  folio,  is  priced, 

at  12?.  12s.  :  Canon  Jackson's  work  on  the  '  Ayliffe 

Family,'   4?.  4s.  ;     a     'Collection    relating    to    the 

Howorth  Family,'  15?.  15s.     Among  other  records 

j  are    those  of  the  Borthwicks,   Cranmers,  Colbys, 

i  Carnegies,   Carlisles,   Prideaux,     Penningtons,  &c. 

|  No.    243    contains    fine    books,     rare    tracts    and 

MSS.,  and  many  choice  engravings. 

Mr.  Charles  Higham  has  a  big  list  of  theological 
books  at  low  prices.  Among  the  items  are  a  set  of 
Calvin,  52  vols.,  SI.  3s.  ;  The,  Clergyman's  Magazine, 
47. ;  a  number  of  Cardinal  Newman's  works,  in- 
cluding the  original  edition  of  his  'Apologia': 
Pusey's  'Minor  Prophets,'  1?.  4-s.;  Dr.  Parker's 
'People's  Bible,'  31.  7-s.  Qd. ;  and  Tregelles's  Greek 
Testament,  17.  8s.  There  are  some  new  books  at 
reduced  prices,  including  the  works  of  Jeremy 
Taylor,  10  vols.,  18s.,  published  at  57.  5-s. 

Mr.  Hugh  Hopkins,  of  Glasgow,  has  in  his  list  a 

number  of  family  histories.     These  include  Fraser's 

'  Scotts  of  Buccleuch,'  17?.  10s. ;  also  '  The  Frasers 

of  Philorth,  107.     There  are  many  works  relating  to 

!  Glasgow.     A  complete  set  of  the  Bannatyne  Club 

i  Publications,  Edinburgh,  1823-67,  is  priced  at  1757. 

Among  general   items  are   '  The  Arabian  Nights.' 

|  Villon  Society,  15?.,  and  Burton's  '  Scotland,'  87.  10<. 

Under  Burns  are  Allan  Cunningham's  edition,  27., 

and   the  Memorial  Catalogue  of  the  Exhibition  in 

!  Glasgow,  1896, 4?.  10s.  Only  fifty  copies  of  this  special 

i  edition  were  printed.     Pickering  and  Moxon's  edi- 

;  tion  of  Coleridge  is  147.  10s.  :   Crowe  and  Caval- 

i  caselle's  '  Painting  in  Italy,'  187. ;  Dibdin's  '  Deca- 

'  meron,'  1817.  157.  ;  Dibdin's  '  Tour  in  France,'  1821, 

j  317.  10»'.  (both  of  these  are  full  bound  in  morocco) ; 

I  Douglas's  '  Peerage  of   Scotland,'  107.   10s.  ;   Hun- 

i  terian  Club  Publications,  10?.  10s  ;  Kay's  '  Portraits 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  in.  FEB.  is,  1005. 


of  Eminent  and  Notorious  Scotch  Characters,'  1837, 
"102.  101.  ;  "Library  of  Old  Authors,"  53  vols.,  11. 10s. ; 
Meyrick's  '  Antient  Armour,'  3  vols.  folio,  crimson 
morocco,  Bohn,  1842,  121. ;  Ritson's  works,  31  vols., 
211. ;  Roy's  '  Roman  Antiquities,'  41.  is. ;  Buskin's 
'  Modern  Painters,'  1873,  101.  10s.  ;  and  Pickering's 
edition  of  Walton  and  Cotton,  2  vols.  imperial  8vo, 
16Z.  10s. 

Catalogue  No.  9  of  Mr.  H.  H.  Peach,  of  Leicester, 
contains  interesting  manuscripts.  It  is  also  rich 
in  specimens  of  early  presses.  Among  Bibles  is 
a  sound  copy  of  Cromwell's  Bible,  102.  10$.  Under 
Bibliography  we  find  one  of  the  200  copies  of  '  Three 
Hundred  Notable  Books  added  to  the  British 
Museum,  1890-99'  (a  letter  from  Dr.  Garnett  pasted 
in),  price  11.  12s.  6d.  There  is  a  letter  of  Lord 
dive's,  dated  Calcutta,  29  Sept.,  1765,  which 
states:  "Bengali  will  at  last  afford  you  some 
agreeable  news  after  the  many  disastrous  accounts 
of  massacres,  mutinies,  &c.  Peace  and  tranquillity 
is  at  last  restored  to  these  much  distressed  pro- 
vinces." The  price  is  51.  5s.  Under  Music  is  a 
miscellaneous  collection  of  eighteenth-century  songs, 
3  vols.,  41.  4s.  In  the  general  list  we  find  Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  1679,  81. 8s. ;  Dibdin's  '  Typographical 
Antiquities,'  1810,  4  vols.,  11.  10s.  ;  Dugdale's  'St. 
Paul's,'  1716,  11.  5s.  ;  and  Shelley's  '  Masque  of 
Anarchy,'  first  edition,  1832,  31.  10s. 

Mr.  A-  Russell  Smith  has  a  number  of  books 
tinder  Americana,  also  Old  American  Maps,  very 
interesting.  Under  Bibliography  is  a  catalogue 
of  a  curious  collection  of  early  plays,  price  21s. 
Among  general  items  are  Chalkhill's  '  Thealma  and 
Clearchus,'  first  edition,  1683,  11.  7s. ;  a  copy  of  the 
Form  of  Prayer  used  after  the  Fire  of  London,  black- 
ktter,  1666,  '21.  2s.  (a  copy  of  this  sold  at  Sotheby's 
in  1857  for  41.  12s.)  ;  an  heraldic  manuscript  from 
the  library  of  John  Ives  (circa  1610),  242.  ;  and  Caw- 
dray's  '  Proverbs,'  T.  Creede,  1600,  SI.  3s.  There 
are  a  number  of  interesting  engravings  and  auto- 
graphs. Among  the  former  is  a  collection  of  satirical 
prints  relating  to  the  South  Sea  Bubble,  21.  2s. 

Messrs.  Henry  Sotheran  &  Co.'s  list  opens  with 
'Acts  of  Parliament,'  1803-1903.  85  vols.,  81.  8s. 
This  is  from  the  library  of  the  Duke  of  Cambridge. 
Under  Biblia  Sacra  are  rare  items.  An  extra- 
illustrated  copy  of  Burnet's  'History  of  his  own 
Time,'  1724-34,  is  priced  at  382. ;  Camden's  '  Bri- 
tannia,' extra-illustrated,  1806,  502. ;  Chaucer,  1561, 
folio,  black-letter,  in  the  original  oaken  boards, 
scarce,  152.  15s.  :  Caxton's  '  Golden  Legend,'  1520, 
very  rare,  252.  ;  Payne  Collier's  'Old  Man's  Diary,' 
privately  printed,  51.  5s.  ;  also  his  '  Illustrations  of 
'Old  English  Literature,'  4?.  4s.  Under  Dictionaries 
are  '  The  English  Dialect,'  Funk  &  Wagnalls's, 
Littre's,  and  Skeat's.  Glasse's  'Art  of  Cookery,' 
"printed  for  the  Author,  and  sold  at  Mrs.  Ash- 
burn's,  a  China-Shop,  the  Corner  of  Fleet-Ditch," 
1747,  is  172.  17s.  There  are  a  large  number  of  books 
under  India  and  its  Neighbour-lands.  Among  these 
we  note  the  very  scarce  Oriental  Translation 
Fund's  Publications,  1832-46,  142.  14s.  ;  a  very  fine 
copy  of  La  Fontaine,  1776,  31?.  10s. ;  a  scarce  set  of 
Lecky,  232. ;  a  copy  of  the  '  Heptameron,'  1792, 
'81. 15s.  ;  and  Reynolds's  works,  521. 10s.  There  are 
a  number  of  valuable  editions  of  Shakespeare,  niany 
in  choice  bindings ;  also  a  copy,  in  the  original 
cloth,  of  Smith  s  '  Catalogue  Raisonne  of  the 
Dutch,  Flemish,  and  French  Painters,'  SGI.  A  set  of 
Hertslet's  '  State  Papers,'  1841-93,  is  priced  at  451. 

Mr.  Albert  Button,  of  Manchester,  has  a  good 
list  of  general  literature.  We  find  among  the  items 


Bibliographica,  3  vols.,  1895-7,  21.  17s.  6(2.  ;  The 
Anglo-Saxon  Review,  11.  16s.:  Stillman's  'Venus 
and  Apollo  in  Painting  and  Sculpture'  (only  555 
copies  printed),  21.  2*.  ;  and  a  first  edition  of  Jane 
Austens  'Emma,'  11.  16s.  There  are  many  items 
under  Cruikshank  and  Dickens.  A  copy  of  John- 
stone  and  Croall's  'Nature-printed  Seaweeds'  is 
priced  at  11.  16s.  (this  was  published  at  82.  Ss.) ;  and 
Hamerton's  '  Landscapes,'  first  edition,  31.  The 
special  selections  include  Alpine,  America,  Derby- 
shire, Staffordshire,  Trials,  &c. 

Messrs.  Henry  Young  &  Sons,  of  Liverpool, 
in  their  new  list  have  the  rare  first  edition  of 
Lodge's  '  Portraits,'  322.  The  initial  cost  of  this  work 
was  40,0002.  A  copy  of  Boccaccio,  rare  German 
translation,  1535,  is  81.  8s.  ;  Walton's  '  Lives,' 
original  edition,  most  rare,  152.  15s.  ;  Stephens's 
'  Runic  Monuments,1  52. ;  Farmer  and  Henley's 
'  Slang  Dictionary,'  11. 7s. ;  The  European  Magazine, 
23  vols.,  1792-1803,  51.  5s.  ;  and  Solon's  'Art  of  the 
Old  English  Potter,'  31.  10s.  There  are  handsomely 
bound  sets  of  Dickens  and  Thackeray.  Bowles's 
'  Life  of  Ken,'  with  300  extra  plates,  is  142.  10s.,  and 
Tuer's  '  History  of  the  Hornbook,'  31.  10s.  Under 
Heraldry  we  find  '  The  Order  of  the  Garter,  1800-20,' 
402.  Under  Garrick  is  a  MS.  from  the  library  of 
the  late  Duke  of  Cambridge,  '  Lethe  ;  or,  ^-Esop  in 
the  Shades,'  1777,  11.  7s.  Under  Cruikshank  is  the 
first  edition  of  'The  Omnibus,'  42s.  A  handsome 
set  of  George  Meredith  is  priced  at  11.  7s.  Gell's 
'  Pompeii '  is  11.  7s.  Arnold's  '  Collection  of  Cathe- 
dral Music,'  1847,  very  scarce,  is  51.  5s.  ;  and  Max- 
well's '  Irish  Rebellion,'  1845,  32.  10s. 

WE  notice  with  regret  the  death  on  Sunday  last 
of  Henry  Holman  Drake,  in  his  eighty-fifth  year. 
Mr.  Drake,  who  was  proud  of  his  descent  from  the 
celebrated  mariner  of  Elizabethan  days,  was  a  con- 
stant correspondent  in  our  columns. 


ta 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 

Eut  in  parentheses,   immediately  after  the  exact 
eading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which    they    refer.      Correspondents    who    repeat 
queries    are    requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "Duplicate." 

R.  W.  ("Ephis  and  his  Lion"). — No  reply  to 
your  query  at  10th  S.  ii.  448  has  yet  been  received. 
Should  one  come  to  hand,  it  will  be  inserted. 

ERRATUM.— In  the  Index  to  10th  S.  ii.  p.  563,  col.  2, 
the  article  on  Richard  of  Scotland  should  have 
been  attributed  to  the  Rev.  Jerome  Pollard- 
Urquhart,  not  to  Col.  F.  E.  R.  Pollard-Urquhart. 

NOTICE. 

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tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "The  Pub- 
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Lane,  B.C. 


io»  s.  in.  FEB.  is,  1905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


BOOKSELLERS'    CATALOGUES    (FEBRUARY). 

(Continued  from  Second  Advertisement  Page.) 

OLD    AND    BABE    BOOKS 


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FIRST  EDITIONS  of  MODERN  AUTHORS 

Including  Dickens,  Thackeray,  Lever,  Ainsworth. 

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NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      LIO<»  s.  in.  FKD.  is,  1905. 
WORKS     BY     MISS     THACKERAY. 

•'  Her  stories  are  a  series  of  exquisite  sketches,  full  of  tender  light  and  shadow,  and  soft,  harmonious  colouring This 

sort  of  writing  is  nearly  as  good  as  a  change  of  air." — Academy, 

•ENGLISH  LITERATURE  ix  THE  REIGN  OF  VICTORIA. '—"One  of  the  most  delightful  of  our  novelists,  gifted  with 
delicate  inveiition,  charm  of  thought,  and  grace  of  style." — PROF.  MORLEY. 

UNIFORM  EDITION,  each  Volume  illustrated  with  a  Vignette  Title-Page. 
Large  crown  8vo,  6s.  each. 


OLD  KENSINGTON. 

The  VILLAGE  on  the  CLIFF. 


BLUEBEARD'S  KEYS,  and  other  Stories/ 
TOILERS  and  SPINSTERS. 


FIVE  OLD  FRIENDS  and  a  YOUNG  PRINCE.  ,  A-roT'Trr      -PTTTTTATVT  T  AWTV 

TO  'flVSTTT'PTR     and  nthpr  Slrptr-hpts  !    MISS  ANGEL  ;    FULHAJVL  JbAWJN. 

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CONTENTS.-No.  61. 

NOTES — The  Newly  Discovered  Quarto  of  'Titus  Andro- 
nicus  '141— Heriot,  H2-FatherPaulSarpi,  144-Cbaucer  s 
Father  —  "Lead  "=Language  —  Lincolnshire  Saying  — 
"Bunt  "  145-Tsarskoe  Selo  :  its  Pronunciation— "Tzar, 
not  "Czar  "-Q  in  the  '  H.B.D.'-Vice-Chamberlain  Coke 
—"Tandem "—Benjamin  Gooch,  146. 

OUERIES  -.—Permission  Cap— Lord  De  Tabley  and  '  X.  &  Q.' 
—Constables  or  Governors  of  Stirling  Castle-Wilkes  s 
Parlour— Cardinal  Newman  or  Another?  147— Authors  ot 
Quotations  Wanted  —  Lord  Mayors  —  Straw  -  Plaiting  — 
Burns's  Letters  to  George  Thomson— Scottish  Naval  and 
Military  Academy  —  Fishmongers'  Company  and  the 
German.  Emperor-The  Essay-P.  d'Urte's  'Genesis  m 
Baskish,  148  —  Irish  Potato  Kings  —  Mair  and  Burnet 
Families— Autiiiuity  of  Japan,  149. 

REPLIES  :-"  Lamb"  in  Place-names,  149 -Split  Infinitive, 
150— Bibliographical  Notes  on  Dickens  and  Thackeray- 
Patents  of  Precedence,  151—  "Tourmaline"— "  Wassail 
—Goldsmith's  '  Edwin  and  Angelina'— Con-  Contraction, 
152-Conditions  of  Sale-Copying  Press— Flaying  Alive  — 
Edmond  and  Edward— Motor  Index  Marks— Antiquary  ». 
Antiquarian,  153— Font  Consecration—  Bankrupts  in  1708-9 
—Hour  of  Sunset  at  Washington  —  Travels  in  China- 
Hamlet  Watting— Heraldic  — "Hand,"  154  — Bacon  or 
Usher?— Besant  — Bringing  in  the  Yule  "Clog,"  155— 
"Cut  the  loss"—  H  in  Cockney  — Prescriptions —  "The 
Nakel  Boy  and  Coffin,"  155— Joseph  Wilfred  Parkins- 
Kant's  Descent- John  Hcton,  157— "  Carentinilla,"  158. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— Tilley'a  'Literature  of  the  French 
Renaissance '— '  Early  Scottish  Charters  '—Butler's '  Hudi- 
bras  '— '  Popular  Ballads  of  the  Olden  Time  '—Coleridge's 
•  Table  Talk  and  Omuiana  '— '  The  Edinburgh.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


THE  NEWLY  DISCOVERED  QUARTO  (1594) 

OF  'TITUS  ANDRON1CUS.' 
THE  following  notes,  I  may  say  by  way  of 
preface,  have  the  approval  of   Dr.  Richard 
Garnett,  to  whose  high  authority  I  submitted 
them  before  sending  them  to  'X.  &  Q.'    At 
the  time  when  he  wrote  on  the  subject  in  the 
*  Illustrated  History  of  English  Literature,' 
he  was  inclined  to  limit  Shakespeare's  inter- 
ference with  the  play  to  the  fifth  act,  but  he 
Eermits  me  to  say  that  the  passages  adduced 
y  me  make  it  probable,  in  his  judgment, 
that  traces  of  Shakespeare's  hand  may  be 
found  in  other  parts  of  the  play  as  well. 

I  daresay  that  many  of  the  parallels  which 
I  quote  have  been  already  pointed  out ;  but  I 
have  found  them  independently,  and  adduce 
them  now  with  a  special  intention.  And  it 
will  be  noted  that  I  quote  almost  entirely 
from  plays  attributed,  with  great  probability, 
to  dates  approximating  to  1594,  when  a 
certain  set  of  thoughts,  turns  of  phrase,  &c., 
might  be  in  Shakespeare's  mind,  and  ready 
to  appear  in  work  he  was  engaged  upon 
about  that  date.  For  my  drift  is  this.  If 
these  passages  are  not  in  the  newly  found 
quarto,  then  Shakespeare's  part  in  '  Titus 
Andronicus'  took  place  between  1594  and 


1598,  the  date  of  the  well-known  attribution 
of  the  play  to  Shakespeare  by  Meres  in 
Palladis  Tamia.'  And  if  they  are,  the 
inference  is  that  Shakespeare  had  something 
to  do  with  the  play  in  or  before  1594.  As 
Shakespearian  students  will  anticipate,  his 
name  does  not  appear  on  this  quarto.  Of  this 
Messrs.  Sotheran,  out  of  whose  hands  it  has 
already  passed,  are  able  to  assure  me.  I  may 
add  that  they  will  transmit  these  notes  of 
mine  to  the  purchaser  of  the  quarto,  a  careful 
inspection  of  which  is  much  to  be  desired  in 
the  interest  of  scholars.  This  will  be  admitted 
by  all  who  think  with  me  that  the  places  in 
the  play  which  I  here  cite  are  almost  beyond 
question  Shakespeare's.  In  the  conjectural 
dates  of  first  writing  or  production  of  other 
plays  I  follow  Prof.  Dowden. 
(a)  'Tit.  And.,'  II.  i.  82  «<?.  :— 

She  is  a  woman,  therefore  may  be  woo'd  ; 

She  is  a  woman,  therefore  may  be  won  ; 

She  is  Lavinia,  therefore  must  be  lov'd. 

'1  Henry  VI.,'  V.  iii.  77-8  (conj.  date 
1590-1):— 

She's  beautiful,  and  therefore  to  be  woo 
She  is  a  woman,  therefore  to  be  won. 

That  both  these  passages  are  Shakespeare's 
is  probable  from  their  resemblance  to  lines 
in  Sonnet  xli.,  of  course  Shakespeare's 
beyond  question  : — 

Gentle  thou  art,  and  therefore  to  be  won  ; 

Beauteous  thou  art,  therefore  to  be  assailed. 

(6)  'T.  A.,'  III.  ii.  ad  in.  :— 
Marcus,  uuknit  that  sorrow-\vreathen  knot- 

'  Taming  of  the  Shrew,'  Y.  ii.  136  :— 

Fie,  fie  !  uuknit  that  threatening  unkind  brow. 

There  is  a  difficulty  which  I  cannot  solve 
!  connected  with  this  passage  of  the  '  Taming, 
|  surely  Shakespearian,  if  any  part  of  the 
'Taming'  is  so.  The  Cambridge  editors  do  not 
reprint  the  quarto  of  1594,  the  old  'Taming/ 
on  the  ground  that  Shakespeare  had  nothing 
whatever  to  do  with  it.  Yet  they  record 
various  readings  from  this  same  quarto  in 
this  speech  of  Katharine's  ;  and  for  anything: 
they  tell  us  it  may  be  substantially  the  same 
as  the  text  of  the  folios  here.  If  so,  it  is 
probable  that  Shakespeare  had  something  to 
do  with  the  1594  Quarto  of  the  'Taming'; 
and  I  am  much  inclined  to  Craik's  opinion 
that  the  'Love's  Labour's  Won,'  mentioned 
by  Meres  in  1598,  is  Shakespeare's  'Taming 
of  the  Shrew '  under  an  alias.  The  coincidence 
in  date  between  the  newly  found  'Titus 
Andronicus' and  this  early  quarto  seems  to 
me  to  be  of  significance. 

(c)  'T.  A.,' III.  ii.  ad  Jin.:— 

Titus.  Come,  take  away.— Lavinia,  come  with  me 
I'll  to  thy  closet ;  and  go  read  with  thee 
Sad  stories,  chanced  in  the  times  of  old. 


142 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,     do*  s.  in.  FEB.  25,  i%5. 


'  Richard  II.,'  V.  i.  40,  possible  date  of  com- 
position 1594  (appeared  in  quarto  1597)  :— 
In  winter's  tedious  nights  sit  by  the  fire 
With  good  old  folks,  and  let  them  tell  thee  tales 
Of  woeful  ages  long  ago  betid. 

Cf.  ib.  III.  ".  155  sq. 

It  is  noteworthy  that  this  scene  of  Act  III. 
of  'Titus  Andronicus'  is  not  found  in  any  of 
the  quartos  accessible  hitherto  ;  its  presence 
or  absence  in  the  newly  found  quarto  will  be 
of  significance. 

(d)  '  T.  A.,'  IV.  ii.  122  :- 

He  is  your  brother,  lords,  sensibly  fed 
Of  that  self-Wood  that  first  gave  life  to  you, 
And  from  that  womb  where  you  imprison  d  were 
He  is  enfranchised  and  come  to  light. 

4  Richard  II.,'  I.  ii.  22  :— 
Ah,  Gaunt,  his  blood  was  thine  !   that  bed,  that 

womb, 

That  metal,  that  self-mould  that  fashion  d  thee, 
Made  him  a  man. 

(e)  'T.  A.,'V.  iii.  73:— 

Lest  Rome  herself  be  bane  unto  herself, 
And  she  whom  mighty  nations  curtsy  to 
Do  shameful  execution  on  herself. 

•  Richard  II.,'  II.  i.  69  :— 
That  England,  that  was  wont  to  conquer  others, 
Hath  made  a  shameful  conquest  of  itself. 

(/)  There  is  a  peculiarly  Shakespearian 
manner  which  has  not  been  sufficiently  noted 
by  Shakespeare  students,  and  this  neglect 
has  led  even  Theobald  to  make  a  wrong  con- 
jecture. In  'Macbeth,'  I.  ii.  56,  the  folios 
punctuate 

Point  against  point,  rebellious  Arme  'gainst  arm. 
Theobald,  however,  places  the  comma  after 
"  rebellious  " : — 

Point  against  point  rebellious,  arm,  £c. 
But  now  compare  : — 
41)  Turn  face  to  face,  and  Woody  point  to  point. 

'  K.  John,'  II.  i.  390. 

(2)  Harry  to  Harry  shall,  hot  horse  to  horse, 
Meet,  &c.  '1  Henry  IV.,'  IV.  i.  121. 

(3)  That  face  to  face,  and  royal  eye  to  eye, 

You  have  congreeted.     'Henry  V.,'  V.  ii.  30. 
(4)  Lastly,  and   significant   as  nearest  in 
date  of  production  to  1594  (if  not  in  that 
same  year)  :— 

face  to  face 
And  frowning  brow  to  brow. 

'Richard  II,' I.  i.  18. 

Now  (5)  for  the  same  arrangement  and 
place  of  adjective  compare  'T.  A.,'  V.  iii. 
156:— 
Tear  for  tear,  and  loving  kiss  for  kisa. 

(rj)  There  is  a  parallelism  which  I  rather 
mention  than  press.    '  T.  A.,'  III.  i.  233-4  :— 
Then  give  me  leave,  for  losers  will  have  leave 
To  ease  their  stomachs  with  their  bitter  tongues. 


'2  Henry  VI, 'III.  i.  182:— 
But  I  can  give  the  loser  leave  to  chide. 

In  the  quartos  of  the  'First  Part  of  the 
Contention'  we  have  "leave  to  speake."  It 
may,  of  course,  be  objected  that,  both  plays- 
being  in  dispute,  a  correspondence  between 
them  is  not  of  much  significance,  and,  besides, 
that  the  expression  is  proverbial  and  general 
property.  Yet  the  absence  of  this  passage 
from  the  newly  found  quarto  might  be  signi- 
ficant. 

(h)  The  following  doubt,  which  inspection 
would  solve,  does  not  very  directly  concern 
the  Shakespearian  question,  but  is  in  itself 
interesting.  Act  V.  sc.  ii.  of  'T.A.'  seems 
to  me  to  bear  indications  of  alternative 
treatments  of  the  scene  mixed  together.  The 
stage  directions  "  Titus  exit  above :'  or  "from 
above"  and  "Enter  Titus  below"  are  con- 
jectural, being  omitted  in  quartos  and  folios. 
In  11.  45  and  59  Titus  (above)  says  : — 
Lo,  by  thy  side  where  Rape  and  Murder  stands, 
and 

So  thou  destroy  Rapine  and  Murder  there. 
And  then  : — 

Tamora.  These  are  my  ministers  and  come  with 

me. 
Tit.  Are  these  thy  ministers  ?    What   are  they 

called  ? 

Tamora.  Rapine  and  Murder:  therefore  called  so 
'Cause  they  take  vengeance  of  such  kind  of  men. 
Tit.  Gopd  Lord,  how  like  the  empress'  sous  they 

are, 
And  you  the  empress  ! 

Later,  Titus  (below)  says  : — 

Welcome,  dre^d  Fury,  to  my  woeful  house : 
Rapine  and  Murder,  you  are  welcome  too : 
How  like  the  empress  and  her  sons  you  are  ! 

I  am  aware  that  these  repetitions,  &c.t 
are  capable  of  another  explanation,  and 
perhaps  the  taking  up  of  the  name  Rapine 
and  Murder  by  Tamora  after  Titus  may  be 
part  of  the  "  closing  "  with  him  of  which  she 
speaks,  1.  70  (I  here  conjectured  "glosing,"' 
but  I  think  this  in  any  case  unnecessary). 
I  only  mention  this  scene  as  one  which  it 
might  be  worth  while  to  scrutinize  as  it 
stands  in  the  newly  found  quarto,  keeping 
this  suggestion  of  alternative  trea-tment  in 
view.  D.  C.  TOVEY. 


HERIOT. 

(See  9"'  S.  x.  328,  333,  433,  497  ;  xi.  75,  173.) 
IN  Scotland  a  herezeld  or  heriot  was  a 
casualty  exigible  on  the  death  of  a  tenant. 
It  was  payable  to  the  landlord  by  the  heirs 
of  a  deceased  tenant,  and  could  be  exacted 
only  in  baronies  where  the  custom  was 
established  by  early  practice.  It  is  doubtful 


III.  FEB.  25,  1905.]  NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


whether  or  not  herezeld  still  exists ;  some 
authorities  hold  that  it  is  entirely  obsolete 
Even  in  the  eighteenth  century  it  was  seldom 
exacted,  and  then  only  in  some  districts  o 
the  Highlands  and  in  some  of  the  southern 
counties.  A  herezeld  was 

"  the  best  audit  ox,  kow,  or  uther  beast,  quhilk 
ane  husbandman  possessour  of  the  audit  pairt  o 
ane  dauach  of  land  (foure  oxen  gang)  dwelland  ane 
deceasand  theirupon  lies  in  his  possession  the  time 
of  his  decease,  quhilk  audit  and  suld  be  given  tones 
landislord  or  maister  of  the  said  land." 

In  Green's  'Encyclopaedia  of  Scots  Law 
(1897,  vol.  vi.  p.  180)  this  is  said  to  mean 
"  the  best  movable,  or,  more  properly,  the 
best  thing  capable  of  moving— e.g.,  ox,  cow, 
horse,  <fcc. — of  which  the  tenant  died  possessed.' 
According  to  Craig,  'Jus  Feudale,'  third 
edition  (1732),  the  herezeld  was  originally  a 
testamentary  bequest  by  the  tenant  as  a 
mark  of  gratitude  ;  but  it  was  claimed  after 
wards  as  a  right.  It  was  due  only  when  the 
tenant  was  residing  and  died  on  the  estate, 
and  it  was  not  due  when  he  had  been  warned 
to  remove,  and  a  decree  of  removing  had 
been  obtained  against  him.  It  could  not  be 
exacted  from  feuars,  but  from  tenants  only 
(see  Hunter  on  'Landlord  and  Tenant,'  1876, 
vol.  ii.  p.  302).  In  an  action  decided  in  1763 
it  was  observed  that 

"a  herezeld  is  not  a  casualty  incident  to  a  feudal 
holding  ;  it  was  originally  due  only  in  the  case  of  a 
tenant  at  will  dying  in  possession  of  a  farm,  and  by 
acceptation  of  it  the  master  is  bound  to  continue 
the  widow  and  children  of  the  tenant  deceased  in 
possession  of  the  farm  for  another  year,  on  the 
same  terms." 

Stair   ('  Institutions,'  ii.  3,  80)   says   that 
herezelds  were 

"introduced  by  custom  from  the  Germans,  as 
the  word  of  their  language  expressing  the  same 
evidenceth  ;  which  signifieth  the  gratuity  left  by 
the  labourers  of  the  ground  to  their  master,  and 
which  is  now  due  by  custom,  whether  left  or  not ; 
and  therefore  rather  from  custom  than  from  the 
nature  of  the  fee.  And  we  have  neither  rule  nor 
exam  pie  for  paying  it  by  any  but  by  the  labourers  of 
the  ground,  so  that,  though  it  be  not  expressed,  it 
is  not  reserved  to  the  superior,  but  belongs  to  the 
vassal,  as  iSkene,  race  'Herezeld'  ('De  Verborum 
Signiricatione,'  subjoined  to  his  edition  of  'Acta 
Parl.,'  1597),  observeth  ;  but  whereas  he  seemeth 
to  make  a  herezeld  only  due  by  tenants  possessing 
four  oxengang  of  land  to  their  masters  going  to  the 
war,  such  poor  tenants  possessing  only  four  oxgate 
of  land  or  less,  not  being  able,  by  reason  of  poverty, 
to  go  in  person  with  him  ;  yet  the  constant  custom 
layeth  herezelds  most  upon  tenants  possessing  more 
lands,  and  generally  upon  all  who  are  not  cottars 
(not  paying  immediately  to  the  master,  but  to  his 
tenant  dwelling  upon  the  ground),  and  there  is  no 
difference  whether  he  be  a  master  or  a  farmer,  and 
it  is  only  due  at  the  tenant's  death." 

Jamieson    ('  Scottish   Dictionary ')  defines 


heriot  as  "  The  fine  exacted  by  a  superior 
on  the  death  of  his  tenant  (Galloway)."  H& 
says  the  word  is  radically  different  from  the 
old  Scottish  term  "  herreyelde,"  which  was. 
used  in  the  same  sense.  He  derives  heriot 
from  A.-S.  heregeat. 

"  It  primarily  signified  the  tribute  given  to  the 
lord  of  a  manor  for  his  better  preparation  for  war  ;. 
but  came  at  length  to  denote  the  best  audit  or 
beast  of  whatever  kind  which  a  tenant  died 
possessed  of,  due  to  his  superior  after  death.  It  is 
therefore  the  same  with  the  English  forensic  term 
Heriot." 

There  is  confusion  here  between  the  terms 
"  superior  "  and  "  landlord." 

Jamieson,  following  Skene,  derives  here- 
zeld  from  Belg.  here,  heer,  a  lord  or  master, 
and  yeild,  a  gift,  tribute,  or  taxation  ;  but 
he  holds  that  it  was  extended  in  Scotland 
to  the  imposition  of  landholders  on  their 
tenants.  He  adds,  "The  duty  or  gressoume 
(yrassum)  payable,  according  to  the  tenor  of" 
many  modern  leases,  by  every  new  successor 
to  the  lease,  seems  to  be  a  relic  of  this  custom." 
He  calls  it  inhuman  to  tax  a  man's  property 
"because  of  his  paying  the  common  tribute 
to  nature,"  or  taxing  his  heirs  at  the  very  time 
when  a  family  had  met  with  a  severe  loss. 
He  quotes  Sir  David  Lyndsay  ('  Satyre  of  the- 
Thrie  Estaitis  ')  as  follows  : — 

We  had  ane  meir,  that  caryit  salt  and  coill, 

And  everie  ilk  yeir,  scho  brocht  us  liame  ane  foill,. 

Wee  had  thrie  ky,  that  was  baith  fat  and  fair, 

Nane  tydier  into  the  toun  of  Air. 

My  father  was  sa  waik  of  blude,  and  bane, 

That   he   deit,  quhairfoir  my  mother  maid    gret 

maine ; 

Then  scho  deit,  within  ane  day  or  two ; 
And  thair  began  my  povertie  and  wo. 
Our  gude  gray  mair  was  baittand  on  the  feild,. 
And  our  land's  laird  tuik  her,  for  his  hyreild,. 
The  vickar  tuik  the  best  cow  be  the  heid, 
Incontinent,  quhen  my  father  was  deid. 

See  Dr.  David  Laing's  edition  of  Lyndsay V 
'  Poems,'  Edinburgh,  1879,  vol.  ii.  p.  102. 

The  'New  English  Dictionary'  defines 
lereyeld,  herield,  hyrald,  hyreild,  herrezeld, 
lerezeld,  as  : — 

"The  render  to  the  superior  of  the  best  living 
animal  of  a  deceased  vassal  :  at  an  early  date 
commuted  for  a  fixed  money  payment,  and  now 
practically  obsolete.  The  same  word  as  O.E. 
Jeregeld,  used  in  Scotland  in  sense  of  Heriot." 

This  definition  is  incorrect,  for,  as  I  have 
shown,  heriot  or  hereyeld  was  rendered  not  by 
;he  heir  of  a  vassal  to  his  superior,  but  by 
he  heir  of  a  tenant  to  his  landlord. 

J.  A. 
Edinburgh. 


144 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  m.  FEB.  25,  iocs. 


.FATHER  PAUL   SARPI  IN   EARLY 
ENGLISH  LITERATURE. 

(See  ante,  pp.  44,  84.) 

IN  'The  Epistle  to  my  dear  Lucilius,' 
before  his  'Historical  Memoires  on  the 
Reigns  of  Queen  Elizabeth  and  King  James,' 
1658,  Francis  Osborn  remarks  : — 

"And  he  that  desires  a  more  exemplary  mani- 
festation of  this  infallible  (though  for  ought  I  ever 
observed,  seldome  practised)  Truth,  may  tinde  it  in 
that  learned  Italian's  '  History  of  the  Council  of 
Trent'  ;  a  Piece  that  challenges  all  the  veneration 
our  partial  Modern  Readers  do  or  can  offer  at  the 
Shrines  of  Antiquity." 

*Qregorio  Letti,  in  his  'II  Nipotismo  di 
Roma :  or,  The  History  of  the  Popes 
Nephews,'  thus  writes  (I  quote  from  the 
English  translation  of  1G73,  p.  133) : — 

"In  the  interim, -it  ds  worth  the  Readers  curiosity 
to  be  inform'd  of  an  accident  that  befell  Padre 
Pallavicino,  the  Popes  Confessor,  a  Jesuite,  in  hopes 
of  obtaining  a  Cardinals  .Cap,  which  at  last  he  got, 
had  undertaken  to  write  the 'Story  of  theCouncelof 
Trent ;  which  indeed  may  justly  be  call'd  his,  for  the 
greatest  part  of  it  is  not  History  and  Relation,  but 
an  abundance  of  words,  by  which  he  endeavours  to 
.prove,  that  the  History  of  Fra.  Paulo,  upon  the 
same  subject,  was  and  is  false  ;  but  he  stumbles  at 
every  step  he  goes,  and  is  so  ill  furnish'dwith  Argu- 
ments, that  for  my  part,  I  must  confess,  that  I 
never  believ'd  Fra.  'Pa,ulo's  History  to  be  real,  sin- 
cere and  true,  but  since  I  read  the  Jesuites :  And 
he  that  will  profit  by  them,  let  him  read  them  both 
with  an  equal  disinteressment." 

Walton's  'Life  of  Bishop  Sanderson'  ap- 
peared in  1678  ;  and  the  following  passage, 
taken  from  it,  is  simply  delightful.  1  quote 
from  the  edition  of  '  Walton's  Lives,'  1858 
(p.  410) :- 

"At  this  happy  time  of  enjoying  his  [Sander- 
sons company  and  this  discourse,  he  expressed  a 
sorrow  by  -saying  to  me,  'Oh  that  I  had  gone 
Chaplain  to  that  excellently  accomplished  gentle- 
man, your  friend,  Sir  Henry  Wotton  !  which  was 
once  intended,  when  he  first  went  Ambassador  to 
tile  State  of  Venice :  for  by  that  employment  I  had 
been  forced  into  a  necessity  of  conversing,  not  with 
him  only,  but  with  several  men  of  several  nations  ; 
and  might  thereby  have  kept  myself  from  my  un- 
manly bashfulness,  which  has  proved  very  trouble- 
some, and  not  less  inconvenient  to  me;  and  which 
,1  now  fear  is  become  so  habitual  as  never  to  leave 
me  :  and  by  that  means  1  might  also  have  known, 
or  at  least  have  had  the  satisfaction  of  seeing,  one 
of  the  late  miracles  of  general  learning,  prudence, 
and  modesty,  Sir  Henry  Wotton's  dear  friend, 
Padre  Paulo,  who,  the  author  of  his  life  says,  was 
born  with  a  bashfulness  as  invincible  as  I  have 
found  nay  own  to  be  :  a  man  whose  fame  must  never 
die,  till  virtue  and  learning  shall  become  so  useless 
as  not  to  be  regarded.'" 

From  "  The  Modest  Critick,  &c  ,  By  One 
of  the  Society  of  Port-Royal,"  1689,  we  have 
the  following  references  to  Father  Paul.  The 
.preface  was  evidently  written  by  the  trans- 


lator, and  he  seems  to  have  taken  exception 
to  the  strictures  passed  on  the  Father  in  the 
body  of  the  work.  He  goes  on  to  say  : — 

"  It  is  not  to  be  wondred,  that  one  of  the  Romish 
Church  should  so  sharply  censure  the  incomparable 
Fra  Paolo,  whose  Judgment  and  Learning  carried 
him  beyond  their  Argument*,  and  whose  Honesty 
was  above  Calumny :  But  the  History  of  the  Council 
of  Trent  is  sufficient  to  maintain  that  Author's 
Credit  against  all  their  Suggestions." 

Here  is  the  passage  in  the  text  referred  to 
in  the  foregoing  extract  (p.  125) : — 

"Fra  Paolo,  in  his  'History  of  the  Council  of 
Trent,'  gives  what  Colours  he  pleases  to  what  he 
says  :  No  body  ever  had  that  Art  in  a  more  eminent 
degree.  He  shews  also  a  great  Capacity,  in  search- 
ing to  the  bottom  the  Matters  of  Learning  which 
he  has  in  hand,  to  give  his  Readers  a  perfect  know- 
ledge thereof  :  No  body  ever  writ  with  more  Skill, 
nor  with  more  Wit,  and  never  with  less  Justice  and 
Truth.  He  is  a  passionate  man,  who  employ'd  all 
his  Art  in  hiding  his  Passion  :  He  made  a  jest  in 
every  thing,  that  he  might  not  be  thought  to  be 
angry;  but  he  falls  into  another  D'efect :  He  raileth 
too  much,  in  a  Subject  so  serious  as  his  is ;  for 
his  Passion  is  seen  in  every  thing  he  speaks.  So 
that  Historian,  with  his  great  Genius,  has  the  most 
Vicious  Character  that  can  be  in  the  way  of  writing 
History,  where  nothing  is  less  pardonable  than 
Enmity.  An  Historian  is  no  longer  believ'd,  when 
once  he  is  thought  too  passionate  ;  which  gives 
occasion  of  examining  the  Honesty  which  is  neces- 
sary for  him  that  pretends  to  write." 

I  have  tried,  but  in  vain,  to  find  out  the 
name  of  the  author  of  this  truly  excellent 
little  book  :  ib  extends  to  only  151  pages, 
small  octavo,  excluding  "The  Preface"  and 
address  "To  the  Reader."  Anthony  Arnauld 
and  Pierre  Nicole,  both  members  of  the  Port- 
Royal  Society,  were  alive  for  several  years 
after  its  publication,  and  from  some  acquaint- 
ance with  the  '  Moral  Essays '  I  should  not 
be  astonished  if  it  were  yet  discovered  that 
the  last  named  was  in  reality  the  author.  I 
do  not  forget  that  De  Tillemont  was  also  a 
member  of  the  Society  :  he  died  on  10  Jan., 
1698.  At  the  same  time,  we  must  not  forget 
Addison's  remark  in  The  Spectator  (No.  562) ; 

"The  Gentlemen  of  Port  Royal,  who  were  more 
eminent  for  their  learning  and  humility  than  any 
other  in  France,  banished  the  way  of  speaking  in 
the  first  person  out  of  all  their  works,  as  arising 
from  vain-glory  and  self-conceit.  To  show  their 
particular  aversion  to  it,  they  branded  this  form  of 
writing  with  the  name  of  an  egotism  ;  a  figure  not 
to  be  found  among  the  ancient  rhetoricians." 

It  is  well  known  that  Pierre  Nicole  edited 
'  Les  Provinciales,  ou  Lettres  Ecrites  par 
Louis  de  Montalte,'  published  at  Amsterdam 
in  1735,  under  the  pen-name  of  "  Guillaume 
Wend  rock."  In  the  copy  before  me  there  is 
a  beautiful  portrait  of  that  distinguished  and 
lovable  man,  with  this  inscription,  "Pierre 
Nicole  Connu  Sous  Le  Nom  de  Guillaume 


10".  s.  in.  FEB.  as,  1905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


145 


Wend  rock,"  which  I  very  much  appreciate. 
A  second  edition  of  '  The  Modest  Critick ' 
appeared  in  1691,  but  I  have  never  seen  it. 

In  the  Rev.  Richard  Ward's  '  Life  of  the 
Learned  and  Pious  Dr.  Henry  More,'  1710, 
Father  Paul  is  mentioned  in  two  passages 
(pp.  60,  120)  :— 

"  And  I  am  reminded  here  of  what  the  Venetians 
us'd  to  say  of  Father  Paul's  Cell,  when  they  shew'd 
it  unto  Strangers ;  viz.  '  This  was  the  Paradise  in 
which  a  good  Angel  dwelt.' " 

"And  as  it  is  Noted  in  the  Life  of  that  Great 
Light  and  Ornament  of  Venice,  Father  Paul,  that 
in  speaking  of  Persons,  when  there  was  any  thing 
to  be  taken  notice  of  that  was  amiss,  he  would 
insert  usually  some  thing  or  other  that  might  take 
off  from  a  Fault's  too  much  appearing  in  its  worst 
dress." 

Before  closing  this  note  I  should  like  to 
say  a  word  on   the  portrait    engraved    by 
Lombart  for  the  !  Life  of  Father  Paul,'  1651. 
The  same  portrait    has  been  engraved    by 
Sturt  as  a  frontispiece  to  'The  Letters  of  the 
Renowned    Father    Paul,'   1693-      Again,  it 
appears  in   the  first  volume  of  Courayer's 
*  Histoire  Du  Concile  De  Trente,'  published 
at  Amsterdam  in  1751.     "F.  Lucas"  is  given 
as  the  name  of  the  engraver.     That  the  last 
two  were  copied  from  Lombart's  portrait  I 
have  not  the  slightest  doubt.    Let  me  say  at 
once  I  do  not  believe  for  a  moment  that  it  is 
a  real  likeness  of  Father  Paul  at  all.     A 
more  disappointing  portrait  of  an  illustrious 
man,  and  one  so  contrary  to  what  is  known  of 
his  personal  appearance,  was  never  called  into 
existence — the  nose, for  example,  to  borrow  the 
words  of  Shelley,  "  once  seen  never  to  be  for- 
gotten, and  which  requires  the  utmost  stretch 
of    Christian    charity    to    forgive";    while 
the  whole  expression  of  the  face  has  some- 
thing of  the  look  of  a  superannuated  village 
schoolmaster.    In  contrast,  what  a  pleasure 
it  is  to  turn  to  Pine's  beautiful  little  portrait, 
1721  !    It  is  given  as  a  frontispiece  to  'The 
Rights  of  Sovereigns  and  Subjects,'  by  Father 
Paul,  1722.    The  expressive  eye,  finely  arched 
and   well-set  nose,  and  the  noble  forehead, 
with  its  deep  central  indent,  are  all  sugges- 
tive of  the  profound  thinker  and  student  of 
human  nature.    It  carries  with  it  its  own 
certificate  of  character.    Then  there  is  a  por- 
trait, understood  to  be  both  contemporary  and 
authentic,  given  by  Dr.  Alexander  Robertson 
of  Venice,  in  his  '  Life  of  Fra  Paolo  Sarpi.'    ] 
may  say  that  this  is  an  exceedingly   read- 
able  and  intensely  sympathetic  biography 
and  gives  a  very  good  popular  account  oi 
Father  Paul.  A.  S. 

See  also  the  General  Indexes  to  the  Seconc 
and  Fifth  Series,  and  an  admirable  article  in 
The  Quarterly  for  April,  1893.  U.  D. 


CHAUCER'S  FATHER.  —  Lately,  in  looking 
trough  a  file  of  Chancery  Warrants,  my  son 
found  a  writ,  10  May,  36  Edw.  III.  (1362), 
;o  the  Sheriffs  of  London,  to  summon  before 
;he  King's  Council,  at  Westminster,  Adam 
de  Bury,  John  Chaucer,  William  Heroun,  and 
Richard  Lyons,  "  wherever  they  may  be  in 
the  City,"  on  the  morrow,  in  good  time,  on 
pain  of  forfeiture.  Nothing  else  seems  ta 
lave  been  discovered  bearing  on  this  matter, 
[t  occurred  immediately  after  the  termination 
of  "  the  second  Great  Plague."  Possibly  the 
King  wished  to  raise  some  money  ;  if  so, 
the  Subsidy  Rolls  may  throw  some  light  on 
the  subject.  R.  E.  G.  KIRK. 

"  LEAD  "^LANGUAGE.— A  student  in  the 
University  here  recently  cited,  in  a  class 
exercise,  a  Forfarshire  word,  lead,  as  mean- 
ing language.  The  reference  was  made 
in  regard  to  the  Anglo-Saxon  word  loeden 
(language),  of  which  he  believed  the  modern 
word  to  be  a  derivative.  The  form  was  new 
to  myself,  although  I  may  claim  to  have  a 
substantial  acquaintance  with  the  Scottish 
dialect.  The  student  supported  his  inter- 
pretation of  the  word  by  a  quotation  from 
a  local  writer  of  verse.  This  quotation  was, 
as  follows : — 

Your  crack-jaw  words  o'  half  an  elf, 

That  rummle  like  a  witch's  spell, 

Are  no'  the  lead  o'  ony  tongue 

That  ever  in  a  head  was  hung. 

The  survival  seems  to  me  an  interesting 
one,  and  I  therefore  bring  it  up  in  'N.  &  Q.' 

W.  B. 
St.  Andrews. 

LINCOLNSHIRE  SAYING.— "I  see  you  come 
from  Bardney  "  is  said  to  a  person  who  has- 
the  habit  of  leaving  doors  open  when  he 
could  shut  them.  The  meaning  is  not  very 
clear.  Did  the  saying  originate  in  connexion 
with  the  monks  of  Bardney  Abbey  ? 

In  Brittany  one  is  told,  "II  faut  aller  a 
Paris  pour  apprendre  a  fermer  les  portes 
derriere  soi"('La  Legende  de  la  Mort,'  pat? 
A.  Le  Braz,  1892,  p.  118,  note). 

CATHARINE  MARY  PEACOCK. 

"  BUNT."— As  a  record  of  the  fatal  riotous 
strike  and  sad  event  which  happened  at 
St.  Petersburg  on  Sunday,  22  January  last, 
it  may  perhaps  be  worth  observing  that  the 
Russian  word  for  a  riot  or  revolt,  viz.,  bunf 
(borrowed  from  German  .5*mc?=union  of- 
tradesmen,  perhaps  with  regard  to  the  Swiss 
Confederation  against  despotic  rulers),  is  also 
used  to  express  a  strike  or  cessation  of  work 
in  Russian.  Hence  the  remark  which  the 
Russian  Ambassador  at  Washington  is  saio> 
to  have  made— that  it  was  not  a  revolt,  but 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [ioi"  s.  in.  FEB.  23, 1905. 


a  strike,  which  had  just  taken  place  in  the 
capital — might  be  called  rather  a  quid  pro  quo. 

TSARSKOE  SELO  :  ITS  PRONUNCIATION. — In 
a  recent  number  of  Punch  (1  February,  p.  74) 
I  notice  some  striking  lines  on  the  present 
situation  in  Russia,  among  which  occur  the 
following: — 

And  kept  unsullied  that  majestic  halo 
Circling  the  sacred  Head  at  Tsarskoe  Selo. 

The  name  of  this  place  is  so  much  in  every 
mouth  just  now  that  it  may  not  be  amiss  if 
I  point  out  that  this  pronunciation  is  wrong. 
I  find  to  my  surprise  that  it  is  so  in  most 
of  the  gazetteers  (e.g.,  Lippincott,  1880, 
Worcester,  1887,  Smith,  1895),  but  there  is 
one  honourable  exception — Ogilvie  gives  it 
correctly,  viz.  as  T&dr-sko-e  8elo.  Tsarskoe, 
which  is  three  syllables,  means  Imperial. 
•Selo  means  a  village  with  a  church,  and 
Crimes,  not  with  "halo,"  but  with  "  below." 
JAMES  PLATT,  Jun. 

"TZAR,"  NOT  "  CZAR."— When  will  our  daily 
papers  cease  to  misspell  the  name  of  the 
Ilussian  self-ruler?  Surely  the  correct  and 
phonetic  transcription  of  the  Russian  name 
•(which^is  derived  from  Csesar,  like  the  Ger- 
man Kaiser)  is  not  its  Magyar-Hungarian 
spelling  Czar,  but,  according  to  our  own 
pronunciation,  Tzar  in  English,  or  Tsar  in 
French,  or  Zar  in  German  and  Italian. 

X. 

Q  IN  THE  'H.E.D.'— The  almost  exhaustive 
•character  of  the  great  dictionary  has  perhapa 
never  been  better  shown  than  in  this  section. 
I  have  gone  very  carefully  through  the 
various  aliases  of  "quinine"  and  the  other 
cinchona  alkaloids,  and  have  found  only  one 
omission,  that  of  quinodia,  the  alternative 
form  of  quinodine.  I  have  counted  over  fifty 
words  in  this  group  under  Q,  and  have  pro- 
bably missed  several.  It  is  somewhat  strange 
that  the  first  quotation  for  quinetum  should 
be  dated  1880,  when  this  drug  had  already 
become  unimportant  on  account  of  the  fall 
in  the  price  of  quinine.  It  must  have  been 
introduced  four  or  five  years  before  then. 

There  is  no  mention  under  quacksalver  of 
•quacksalver'1  s  spurge  or  of  quacksalver's  turltith, 
both  of  which  are  in  Gerard  as  names  of 
different  varieties  of  spurge.  Neither  of  them 
is  in  Lyte,  which  is  curious  if  quacksalver  is 
of  Dutch  origin. 

Quaking  ash,  a  name  for  the  aspen  (see 
Rennie's  'Conspectus  of  Pharmacopoeias,' 
1837),  does  not  appear  under  Q,  but  is 
mentioned  in  Section  A,  under  ash. 

C.  C.  B. 


VICE-CHAMBERLAIN  COKE.— At  p.  203  of 
'  Duchess  Sarah,'  by  Mrs.  Colville,  there  is 
a  letter  from  the  Duchess  to  Mrs.  Coke  dated 
1  November,  1709,  copied  from  H.M.C., 
Twelfth  Report,  Appendix,  part  iii.  p.  83. 
Mrs.  Colville  then  adds,  p.  204,  "  Mrs.  Coke 
was  the  first  wife  of  Mr.  Coke,  who  for  so 
many  years,  and  under  two  reigns,  held  the 
post  of  Vice-Chamberlain  at  the  Court."  The 
lady  to  whom  this  letter  was  addressed  was 
the  second,  and  not  the  first,  wife  of  Mr. 
Coke. 

Vice-Chamberlain  Coke's  first  wife,  whom 
he  married  in  June,  1698,  was  Lady  Mary 
Stanhope  (elder  daughter  of  Philip,  second 
Earl  of  Chesterfield) ;  but  she  died  January, 
1703/4,  consequently,  as  the  above-mentioned 
letter  was  .dated  November,  1709,  it  must 
have  been  written  to  Mr.  Coke's  second  wife, 
to  whom  he  had  been  united  in  October, 
1709.  This  lady  was  Mary,  daughter  of 
William  Hale,  Esq.,  of  King's  Walden,  Herts, 
a  maid  of  honour  to  Queen  Anne.  She  died 
January,  1723/4,  leaving  one  son  and  one 
daughter,  becoming  through  the  latter  great- 
grandmother  of  the  second  Viscount  Mel- 
bourne, Prime  Minister,  and  to  that  noble- 
man's sister,  who  married  as  her  second 
husband  another  Prime  Minister,  viz  ,  the 
last  Viscount  Palmeraton. 

It  may  not  be  uninteresting  to  record  that 
the  Vice-Chamberlain's  second  wife  was  a 
distant  connexion  of  the  Maryborough  family. 

As  Mrs.  Col  ville's  book  is  of  great  historical 
interest,  I  may  be  pardoned  for  correcting 
the  above-mentioned  clerical  error. 

FRANCIS  H.  RELTON. 

9,  Broughten  Road,  Thornton  Heath. 

"TANDEM."  (See  9^  S.  x.  308,  455  ;  xi.  256, 
353.) — As  instances  of  the  use  of  tandem  in 
the  meaning  of  a  carriage  appear  to  be  rare, 
the  following  example  is  worth  recording. 
Under  date  London,  11  August,  1807,  Byron 
wrote : — 

"On  Sunday  next  I  set  off  for  the  Highlands. 
A  friend  of  mine  accompanies  me  in  my  carriage 
to  Edinburgh.  There  we  shall  leave  it,  and  proceed 
in  &  tandem  (a  species  of  open  carriage)  th[r]ough 
the  western  passes  to  Inverary,  where  we  shall 
purchase  shelties,  to  enable  ue  to  view  places  in- 
accessible to  vehicular  conveyancts." — 'Letters  and 
Journals,'  1898,  i.  143. 

ALBERT  MATTHEWS. 
Boston,  U.S. 

BENJAMIN  GOOCH. — When  writing  on  this 
able  surgeon  for  the  '  Diet.  Nat.  Biog.,'  I 
failed  to  recover  the  date  of  his  death.  He 
is  perhaps  identical  with  Benjamin  Gooch, 
of  Halesworth,  in  Suffolk,  surgeon,  who  died 
between  20  November,  1775,  and  20  March, 


io*  s.  m.  FEB.  23,  iocs.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


147 


1776,  the  dates  respectively  of  the  making 
and  proving  his  will  (registered  in  the  Pre- 
rogative Court  of  Canterbury,  123,  Bellas). 
He  possessed  property  at  Framlinghara,  Suf- 
folk. By  his  wife  Elizabeth  he  had  an  only 
daughter,  also  Elizabeth,  who  was  married 
to  John  D'Urban,  M.D.,  of  Halesworth.  A 
search  through  Davy's  'Suffolk  Collections,' 
s.  >•;'.  'Halesworth'  and  'Framlingharn,'  has 
revealed  nothing.  GORDON  GOODWIN. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  sent  to  them 
direct. 

PERMISSION  CAP.  —  The  London  Gazette, 
No.  2031  of  1685,  has:  — 

"  His    Majesty's    High    Commissioner    attended 

with  Four  Knights  on  Foot And  in  his  return 

to  the  Palace  having  the  High  Constable  on  his 
right  hand,  and  the  Great  Marshall  on  his  left, 
with  Permission  Caps  and  in  their  Robes." 

In  No.  2564  of  the  same  (1090)  we  find  :— 
"  A  Guenea  Xegro  Boy in  a  black  cloth  suet, 

and  on  his   head  a  black  Cloth  Permission  Cap 

strayed  away  on  the  3d  instant." 

There  are  other  entries  similar  to  the  first 
of  these,  to  which  also  may  perhaps  be  com- 
pared "Here's  three  permission  bonnets  for 
ye,"  in  Allan  Ramsay's  'Three  Bonnets,' 
1722.  I  shall  be  glad  of  information  as  to 
the  meaning  of  "  permission  cap." 

J.  A.  H.  MURRAY. 

LORD  DE  TABLEY  AND  '  N.  &  Q.'  —  Mr. 
Hugh  Walker,  in  his  extremely  interesting 
biographical  sketch  of  this  versatile  writer, 
has  the  following  at  p.  37  of  this  all  too  brief 
monograph  : — 

"  He  [Lord  De  Tabley]  wrote  frequently  to  JVbte* 
and  Queries,  especially  in  1879,  during  the  first  half 
of  which  he  contributed  no  fewer  than  fifty-one 
articles  under  various  signatures." 

Will  some  one  who  knows  these  various 
signatures  kindly  furnish  me  with  the 
references  thereto  ?  Mr.  Tinsley  Pratt,  in 
his  '  Bibliography  of  De  Tabley '  (Manchester 
Quarterly/,  April,  1900),  makes  no  allusion 
to  these  ''fifty-one  articles." 

Again,  did  De  Tabley's  contributions  con- 
tinue until  his  death  in  1895  ]  If  so,  refer- 
ences also,  please.  J.  B.  McGovERN. 

St.  Stephen's  Rectory,  C.-on-M.,  Manchester. 

[Mr.  Walker  is  correct  in  his  statement  that  Lord 
De  Tabley  contributed  fifty-one  articles  to '  N.  &  Q.' 
in  the  first  half  of  1879.  Two  were  signed  with  his 
name,  and  will  be  found  in  the  Index  to  5th  S.  xi. 
under  '  Warren,  J.  L.' ;  twenty-two  were  signed 


Zero,  and  twenty-seven  A,  being  duly  indexed 
under  these  signatures.  In  5"'  S.  xii.  one  article  bore 
his  name,  eleven  were  signed  Zero,  and  eighteen  A. 
This  information  will  enable  Lord  De  Tabley's 
earlier  and  later  communications  to  be  traced.] 

CONSTABLES  OR  GOVERNORS  OF  STIRLING 
CASTLE.— In  these  days  of  the  inferior 
parliamentary,  ministerial,  and  plutocratic 
"  nobility,"  one  turns  to  the  ancient  military 
and  feudal  aristocracy  to  find  the  real 
genuine  noblesse.  Old  Scotland,  for  example, 
was  divided  into  four  military  districts,  the 
chief  command  being  at  Stirling  Castle.  The 
commanders  (Constables  or  Governors)  were 
chosen  from  the  most  reliable  military 
officers  of  the  aristocracy.  I  desire  to  have 
the  ancestry,  arms,  and  posterity  of  these, 
commencing  with  those  of  Stirling  Castle, 
for  consolidation  in  book  form  as  basis  for 
aristocratic  organization.  My  ancestor,  Eoberb 
de  Forsyth,  was  Constable  (or  Governor)  in 
1368.  He  was  son  of  Osbert,  and  descended 
from  Grimoard  de  Forsath,  Vicomte  de 
Fronsac  in  1030— Aquitaine,  France,  from 
which  country  many  of  the  old  cavaliers  of 
Scotland  were  descended.  The  Ear^of  Man- 
was  Governor  temp.  Charles  I.  Who  were 
the  others  1  What  are  their  arms,  ancestry, 
and  posterity  ?  Please  address  direct. 

FORSYTH,  VICOMTE  DE  FRONSAC. 

Ottawa,  Canada. 

WILKES'S  PARLOUR.— Was  Wilkes's  Parlour 
at  Guildhall  or  the  Mansion  House?  and  why 
was  it  so  called  1  C.  L.  E.  C. 

Alton. 

CARDINAL  NEWMAN  OR  ANOTHER  ?— I  have 
lately  read  Rene  Boylesve's  '  L'Enfant  a  la 
Balustrade,'  which  has  been  translated  into 
English,  furnished  with  a  title  that  has  no 
relation  to  that  affixed  by  the  original  author, 
and  characterized  by  some  critic,  with  an 
undiscriminating  literary  palate,  as  "  the 
French  'Cranford.'"  One  of  the  heroines, 
when  a  girl  of  fifteen,  was  taken  by  her 
father,  an  an ti  -  clerical  Deputy,  to  Rome, 
where  she  met  Lord  "Wolesley,"  a  charming 
young  man,  who  had  "  des  cheveux  d'enfant, 
des  dents  deferame,  et  des  yeux  de  la  couleur 
de  1'eau  qui  clapote  au  foud  d'une  caverne 
marine."  He  had  also  a  profound  admiration 
of  Newman,  and  offered  to  present  the 
maiden  to  his  Eminence,  who  was  at  that 
time  in  Rome  : — 

"Elle  eu  1'honneur  d'approcher  Newman  dans  les 
jardins  du  Pincio.  II  se  garda  de  toute  parole 
mondaine,  et  comme  il  avait  paru  connaitre  le  nom 
du  depute  de  Paris,  il  lui  dit,  non  sans  amenitS, 
mais  sans  faiblesse,  qu'il  venerait,  quant  ;\  lui,  dans 
les  persecuteurs  de  TEglise  les  artisans  iuconscients 
d'une  ceuvre  sacree :  'Qui  sait,  dit-il,  si  Ntiron, 


143 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [10*  s.  m.  FEB.  25, 1905. 


dont  1'horrible  regne  donna  tant  d'elan  a  la  vertu 
chretienne,  u  1'teil  de  Dieu  ne  vaut  pas  1'aputre 
Pierre ?  II  est  necessaire  de  contempler  unelongue 
suite  de  siecles  pour  1 'intelligence  complete  des 
grandes  verites,' "  &c. — P.  81. 
Will  somebody  tell  me  whether  Newman 
ever  really  spoke  or  wrote  words  to  this 
effect,  and  give,  if  possible,  an  exact  quota- 
tion of  them  ?  ST.  SWITHIN. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED.  — Can 
readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  kindly  help  me  to 
trace  any  of  the  following,  which  may  or 
may  not  be  correctly  cited  ?  I  have  met 
them  in  reading  and  forgotten  where,  or 
have  not  yet  been  able  to  find  their  source  :— 

1.  L'amour  est  1'histoire   de   la  vie  des  femmes, 
c'est  un  episode  dans  celle  des  hommes. 

I  know  the  English  form  of  the  idea  in 
Byron's  '  Don  Juan,'  canto  i.  st.  194,  but  have 
no  notion  of  the  French  author. 

2.  Leura  Merits  sont  des  vols  qu'ils  nous  ont  faits 
d'avance. 

I  understand  this  is  Piron's,  but  where  ? 

3.  Mon  verre  est  petit  [n'est  pas  grand],  mais  je 
bois  dans  mon  verre. 

4.  Voltaire,  quel  que  soil  le  nom  dpnt  on  le  nomme, 
C'est  un  siecle  vi\rant,  c'est  un  siecle  fait  homme. 

A  reference  to  Lamartine's  '  Meditations 
Poetiques :  xviii.  Ressouvenir  du  Lac  Leman,' 
appears  to  be  incorrect,  or  else  I  have  not 
consulted  the  right  edition. 

5.  Un  jour  de  fete, 

Un  jour  de  deuil, 
La  vie  est  faite 
En  un  clin  d'oeil. 

Mery,  but  where  1 

6.  Les  grandes  douleurs  sont  muettes. 
Vauvenargues  ?  and  where  1 

7.  Thanks  are  lost  by  promises  delayed. 
Is  not  this  from  Pope  1 

8.  Swayed  by  every  wind  that  blows  (or  some- 
thing like  it). 

9.  Is  there  not  a  quotation  to  the  effect 
that  if  one  does  a  kindness  a  number  of  times 
to  another,  and  refuses  to  do  it  the  last  time, 
only  the  refusal  is  remembered  ?    It  may  be 
English  or  French.  EDWARD  LATHAM. 

LORD  MAYORS.— Who  was  Lord  Mayor  ol 
London  in  1821 1  Is  there  any  book  which 
contains  the  names  and  history  of  the  Lord 
Mayors  of  London  from  1830  to  1840  ? 

C.  L.  E.  C. 

Alton. 

[John  T.  Thorpe  was  Lord  Mayor  in  1820-1,  and 
Christopher  Magnay  in  1821-2.  '  Haydn's  Diet.  oJ 
Dates'  gives  a  list  of  Lord  Mayors,  s.v.  '  Mayors  of 
Corporations.'] 

STRAW-PLAITING.— Will  some  reader  kindly 
give  me  early  references  to  the  practice  of 


this  industry  in  England?  I  desire  to 
ascertain  when  the  plaiting  of  straw  for  use  in 
the  manufacture  of  hats  or  bonnets  became 
a  recognized  industry.  The  earliest  date  of 
which  I  have  note  is  in  James  I.,  but  doubtless 
there  are  earlier  references. 

I.  CHALKLEY  GOULD. 

BCJRNS'S  LETTERS  TO  GEORGE  THOMSON. — 
In  Willis's  Current  Notes,  November,  1852, 
p.  96,  I  note  that 

the  very  interesting  series  of  letters  which  Burns 
addressed  to  the  late  Geo.  Thomson  were  sold  by 
Mr.  Nisbet  at  the  close  of  the  sale  just  completed 
of  the  library  of  the  late  Mr.  C.  13.  Tait.  The 
volume  was  put  up  at  200  guineas,  and  after  keen 
competition,  was  knocked  down  at  260.  The  pur- 
chaser is  an  English  nobleman,  whose  name  has  not 
yet  transpired  ;  but  we  are  able  to  communicate  to 

our  readers that  there  is  every  probability  that 

the  volume  will  remain  in  Scotland." 

I  shall  be  glad  to  learn  of  its  present  where- 
abouts. 1  fancy  most  readers  of  '  N.  &  Q/ 
are  conversant  with  Mr.  J.  Cuthbert  Hadden's- 
book  on  George  Thomson  which  appeared  a 
few  years  ago. 

HOBERT  MURDOCH  LAWRANCE. 

71,  Bon-Accord  Street,  Aberdeen. 

SCOTTISH  NAVAL  AND  MILITARY  ACADEMY. 
— Could  any  reader  refer  me  to  an  account 
or  history  of  the  above  Academy,  which  I 
believe  was  founded  in  Edinburgh  in  the 
year  1836,  but  which  no  longer  exists?  I 
have  heard  that  in  the  Crimean  War  alone 
a  hundred  of  its  pupils  fought,  of  whom 
ten  died  on  the  field. 

CHARLES  E.  HEWITT. 

FISHMONGERS'  COMPANY  AND  THE  GERMAN 
EMPEROR.— I  should  be  glad  to  be  informed 
of  the  date  of  the  account  in  The  Times  of 
the  presentation  by  the  Fishmongers'  Com- 
pany of  a  jewelled  casket  to  H.I.M.  the 
German  Emperor  (William  II.)  and  its 
approximate  cost. 

J.  LAWRENCE-HAMILTON,  M.E.C.S. 

30,  Sussex  Square,  Brighton. 

THE  ESSAY.— Is  there  a  separate  history  of 
the  essay,  or  some  volume  in  which  its  history 
is  given  at  length  ?  D.  M. 

P.  D'URTE'S  'GENESIS'  is  BASKISH,— 
D'Urte's  translation  of  the  book  of  Genesis 
and  part  of  Exodus  in  the  "  Anecdota  Oxoni- 
ensia"  has  been  mentioned  in  'N.  &  Q.' 
(9th  S.  v.  396,  442  ;  viii.  378).  Neither  in  the 
Oxford  edition  nor  in  my  criticism  thereon 
published  in  two  numbers  of  The  American 
Journal  of  Philology  (Baltimore,  in  Maryland, 
1902)  was  it  pointed  out  that  in  xliv.  5 
the  words  cena  eguiazqui  emgutuco  laitic 
mean  literally  "the  which  (thing)  he  will 


10* a.m. FEB. 25,  loos.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


149 


truly  know/'  Can  it  be  ascertained  from 
what  edition  of  Calvin's  French,  which  he 
follows  generally  very  faithfully,  or  from 
•what  other  source,  D'Urte  may  have  taken 
this  interpretation  of  o<W('£eTcu?  The  Trini- 
tarian Bible  Society  of  London  means,  I  be- 
lieve, to  publish  a  third  edition  of  'Etorkia' ; 
and  in  that,  if  I  am  allowed  again  to  revise 
the  text,  I  propose  to  change  the  words,  and 
read  cenaz  asmatzen  baitic?  i.e.,  "whereby 
indeed  he  divineth  ?" 

In  the  Chapel  of  Jesus  College,  in  Oxford, 
the  window  nearest  to  the  entrance  from  the 
ante- chapel,  on  the  north  side,  was  filled 
with  stained  glass  to  commemorate  the 
editor  of  the  said  volume  of  "Anecdota,"  Mr. 
Llewelyn  Thomas,  whom  I  met  at  Bayonne, 
at  St.  Jean  de  Luz,  and  at  Biarritz,  when  he 
was  chaplain  to  the  Anglican  Church  in  the 
last-named  town  in  the  summer  of  1892. 
This  page  of  '  X.  &  Q.'  may  possibly  outlast 
that  window  ;  so  let  it  bear  a  copy  of  the 
inscription  which  runs  at  the  foot  thereof : — 

AD  MAJOREM  DEI  GLORIAM  ET  IN  MEM  : 
LEOLINI   THOMAS,   A.M.    HUJU3   COLLEGII   SOCII, 
QUI  IN  CHRISTO  OBDORMIVIT  DIE  XII0  MENS  : 
MAII  A.S.  MDCCCXCVII0. 

Has  the  epitaph  of  another  distinguished 
British  Bascophile,  Sir  Thomas  Browne  of 
Norwich,  been  published  ?  Where  does  it 
exist]  E.  S.  DODGSON. 

IRISH  POTATO  KINGS. — Is  any  reader  able 
to  give  me  any  information  as  to  the  antiquity 
or  historical  uses  of  the  Irish  potato  ring  ? 

H.  W.  D. 

MAIR  AND  BURNET  FAMILIES.  —  According 
to  the  grant  of  arms  on  record  in  the  Heralds' 
College,  made  7  November,  1774,  to  Arthur 
Mair,  Esq.,  of  the  parish  of  St.  Martin's-in- 
the-Fields,  his  father,  the  Rev.  William  Mair, 
minister  of  Kincardine  O'Neil,  in  Aberdeen- 
shire,  married  "  Katherine,  daughter  of  the 
deceased  Robert  Burnet  (formerly  minister 
in  Aberdeenshire,  related  to  the  family  of 
Leys,  of  which  family  was  Bishop  Burnet)." 
I  shall  be  grateful  for  any  information  as  to 
the  parentage  of  this  Robert  Burnet  and  his 
connexion  with  the  Burnets  of  Leys.  Was 
this  Arthur  Mair  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
firm  of  Cox  &  Mair,  army  agents  ? 

JOHN  COMBER. 

High  Steep,  Jarvis  Brook.  Sussex. 

ANTIQUITY  OF  JAPAN.— I  recently  read  that 
the  present  Emperor  of  Japan  claims  that  his 
dynasty  has  occupied  the  throne  "from  time 
immemorial,"  but  have  not  the  reference  at 
hand.  The  Daily  Chronicle,  of  11  February, 
in  its  '  Office  Window '  column,  states  that 


11  February  "is  the  anniversary  of  the  coro- 
nation of  the  first  emperor,  who  ascended 
the  throne  at  a  place  called  Kashiwara,  near 
the  modern  town  of  Nara,  some  five-and- 
twenty  centuries  ago."  Now  how  far  is  this 
claim  to  antiquity  borne  out  by  historical 
evidence  ?  And  what  are  the  earliest  records 
of  Japan  ]  Long  as  the  boast  of  2,500  years 
is,  it  pales  before  that  of  Menelik,  the  present 
Emperor  of  "Ethiopia"  or  Abyssinia,  who 
claims  to  be  lineally  descended  from  King 
Solomon  and  the  Queen  of  Sheba. 

FREDK.  A.  EDWARDS. 
56,  Eyot  Gardens,  Hammersmith. 


"LAMB"  IN  PLACE-NAMES. 
(10th  S.  iii.  109.) 

THE  index  to  Kemble's  'Charters'  contains 
A.-S.  Lamb-burne,  i.e.,  Lamb-bourn  ;  Lamla- 
hcim,  i.e.,  "  lambs'  home,"  unless  it  is  an  error 
for  Lamba-ham,  i  e.,  "lambs'  enclosure," 
which  is  far  more  likely  ;  Lambe-hith,  i.e., 
"lambs'  hithe  or  landing-place,"  familiarly 
known  as  Lambeth ;  and  Lamb-hyrst,  i.e., 
Lamb-hurst,  said  to  be  in  Hampshire. 

From  a  philological  point  of  view,  the  sb. 
lamb  is  of  considerable  interest,  as  it  is  one 
of  the  few  words  which,  like  child,  made  the 
plural  in  -ru,  Mod.  E.  -er.  Hence  Laniber- 
hurst,  in  Sussex,  is  simply  "  lambs'  hurst '' ; 
not  from  the  singular,  but  from  the  plural. 
Like  the  Latin  corpus  (pi.  corp-ora\  it  was 
once  a  "  neuter  in  -os." 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

In  Stephen  Whatley's  'England's  Gazetteer,' 
Lond.,  1751,  vol.  i.,  will  be  found  the  three 
following  "Lambs,"  which  I  think  are  worth 
transcribing : — 

"  Lambcote,  or  Lorncote  (Nott.),  near  the  Trent, 
S.W.  of  Bingham,  was  sold  by  Geo.  Pilkington  in 
the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth  to  John  Rosell,  whose 
posterity  had  it  lately,  if  they  have  it  not  still. 

"  Lambcole  (Warw.)  was  originally  a  member  of 
Lower  Eatendon,  and  belonged  to  Kenilworth 
Abbey,  but  at  the  Dissolution  was  granted  to  Rich. 
Andrews  and  Leonard  Chamberlain,  Esqrs.,  and  the 
heirs  of  the  former.  It  came  afcerwarda  to  George 
Ld.  Willoughby  of  Brook. 

"  Lamborne  (Essex),  4  m.  from  Epping,  between 
Waltham  Abbey  and  Rumford,  belonged  anciently 
to  the  said  Abbey.  This  manor  is  held  by  the 
service  of  the  ward-staff,  viz.,  to  carry  a  load  of 
straw,  in  a  cart  with  6  horses,  2  ropes  and  2  men, 
in  harness,  to  watch  the  said  ward-staff,  when  it  is 
brought  to  the  neighbouring  hamlet  of  Abridge. 
There  were  certain  lands  in  this  parish  formerly 
called  Minchin  -  Lands,  which  belonged  to  the 
monastery  at  Stratford  le  Bow,  and  were  granted 
by  K.  Henry  VIII.  to  Sir  Ralph  Sadler,  who  sold 
them  to  Owen  Low,  Esq." 


150 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io»  s.  HI.  FEB.  25,  iocs. 


A  ward-staff,  I  find,  is  a  constable's  or 
watchman's  staff.  Some  further  information 
on  the  subject  of  this  ancient  "service  of  the 
ward-staff"  would  be  very  acceptable.  I 
should  also  like  to  know  something  more 
about  "  Minchin-Lands."  WM.  NoRMAK. 

6,  St.  James's  Place,  Plumstead. 

In  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Jedburgh 
there  is  a  field  which  bears  the  name  of 
"  Lamb  Skin."  It  belonged,  along  with  other 
property,  to  the  Ainslies,  a  family  famous 
in  the  history  of  Jedburgh.  One  of  them 
attained  to  some  fame  as  a  surveyor.  John 
Ainslie  was  born  in  Jedburgh  on  22  April, 
1745,  and  one  of  his  first  efforts  as  a  draughts- 
man, if  not  the  earliest,  was  his  'Plan  of 
Jedburgh.'  On  this  plan  the  field  above 
designated  is  marked  very  prominently.  The 
copies  now  extant  are  very  scarce,  but  one  is 
to  be  found  in  the  Bodleian  Library,  Oxford. 
Unfortunately  there  is  no  date  on  the  plan, 
but  as  it  was  the  first,  and  we  know  that 
Ainslie  surveyed  Selkirkshire  in  1772,  it  is 
more  than  likely  that  the  theory  of  Mr. 
George  Watson,  who  fixes  the  year  as  1770 
or  1771,  is  correct.  To  quote  again  from 
Mr.  Watson,  who  has  devoted  some  research 
to  the  work  of  this  townsman,  "  On  1  January, 
1782,  Ainslie's  'Atlas  of  the  World'  was 
published."  It  is  interesting  to  note  that 
instead  of  the  familiar  term  now  in  general 
use,  "as  the  crow  flies"— the  earliest  reference 
to  which  phrase  Dr.  Murray,  in  his  '  English 
Dictionary,'  gives  in  a  quotation  of  date 
1800— the  term  "distance  thro'  the  air"  was 
employed."  J.  LINDSAY  HILSON. 

Public  Library,  Jedburgh. 

There  is  a  Lam  with,  or  Lamwath,  stream 
in  Holderness,  East  Yorkshire  (see  the  index 
to  Poulson's  '  History  of  Holderness  '). 

W.  C.  B. 

There  is  a  village  and  parish  called 
Lamberhurst  in  Kent,  some  five  miles  from 
Tunbridge  Wells.  Other  than  those  men- 
tioned by  the  querist,  the  only  place-names 
which  I  have  come  across  in  which  the  name 
appears  are  those  of  Lambrigg  in  Westmore- 
land, Lambcote  in  Warwickshire,  Lambcroft 
in  Lincolnshire,  Lambourne  in  Essex,  Lamb 
ston  in  Pembrokeshire,  Lambton  in  Durham, 
Lambeth  in  Surrey,  and  Lamb  Abbey  (or 
Lamorbey),  near  Bexley  in  Kent.  The  manor 
of  this  last-mentioned  place  at  one  time 
belonged  to  the  Lamienbys.  Lamerton  in 
Devonshire  is  sometimes  called  "Lamberton." 
R.  VAUGHAN  GOWER. 

Lambholm  is  an  island  in  the  Orkney 
group.  Lambrook  is  in  Somerset,  Lambston 


^n  Pembroke,  Lambeg  in  Antrim,  and  Lamber- 
nurst  in  Sussex.  Then  we  have  Lamba,  an 
!slet  in  the  Yell  Sound,  and  Lambe,  an  islet 
in  the  Firth  of  Forth. 

CIIAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 
Bradford. 


The  'Post  Office  Guide' 
near  Glasgow. 


jives  Lambhill, 
IARRY  HEMS. 


SPLIT  INFINITIVE  (10th  S.  ii.  406 ;  iii.  17,  51, 
35). — The  statesmanlike  note  of  PROF.  SKEAT, 
if  I  may  be  allowed  to  use  the  phrase,  has  set 
this  question  on  a  proper  basis.  The  dis- 
ussion  has,  however,  been  useful,  as  it  has 
shown  that  the  "  split  infinitive  "  is  neither 
ungrammatical  nor  illogical,  and  that  its 
employment  is  purely  a  matter  of  taste.  It 
maybe  hoped  that  "those  who  have  failed 
in  literature  and  art "  will  now  allow  its  use 
without  mast  -  heading  every  writer  whose 
views  or  tastes  differ  from  their  own.  The 
great  point  is  that  the  English  language, 
like  the  English  Constitution,  is  a  living 
organism.  A  continual  process  of  growth 
is  going  on,  and  to  say  that  Shakespeare  or 
Milton  did  not  employ  a  certain  locution  is 
no  argument  against  its  legitimate  use  at  the 
present  day.  Both  Shakespeare  and  Milton 
employed  many  forms  which  will  not  be 
found  in  Chaucer  or  Gower,  just  as  at  the 
present  day  we  do  not  always  follow  the 
constitutional  methods  which  prevailed  in 
the  time  of  Edward  I.  or  Henry  VIII.  If 
writers  like  Browning  or  Meredith  have 
thought  that  by  "splitting  the  infinitive" 
the  expression  of  their  ideas  has  gained  in 
precision,  in  emphasis,  or  in  euphony,  they 
have  been  perfectly  right  in  disregarding  the 
critics,  and  in  following  their  own  opinion. 
W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

We  are  given  to  understand  by  those  to 
whom  the  split  infinitive  is  abhorrent  that 
its  use  is  carefully  eschewed  by  standard 
English  authors.  It  may,  therefore,  be  of 
interest  to  mention  that  Dr.  Hall's  paper  in 
The  American  Journal  of  Philology  (1882, 
pp.  17-24)  is  chiefly  composed  of  a  list  of 
examples  of  the  idiom,  with  full  references. 
The  authors  quoted  range  from  Wyclif  to 
W.  H.  Mallock  and  Leslie  Stephen,  and  in- 
clude such  names  as  Lord  Berhers,  Tyndale, 
Dr.  John  Donne,  Sir  Thomas  Browne,  Samuel 
Pepys,  Dr.  Richard  Bentley,  Defoe,  Edmund 
Burke,  Dr.  Samuel  Johnson,  Robert  Southey, 
S.  T.  Coleridge,  Charles  Lamb,  W.  Words- 
worth, Lord  Macaulay,  De  Quincey,  Herbert 
Spencer,  Charles  Reade,  Matthew  Arnold, 
Bishop  Wilberforce,  and  John  Ruskin.  It 
would,  of  course,  take  up  too  much  space  in 


io*  s.  in.  FEB.  as.  1903.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


151 


'  X.  &  Q.'  to  reproduce  the  quotations  from 
these  selected  writers,  some  of  whom  are,  I 
believe,  considered  to  be  masters  of  English, 
though  betraying  no  qualms  when  inserting 
unattached  adverbs  within  their  infinitives. 

Dr.  Hall  came  to  the  conclusion  that  the 
two  writers  who  were  especially  addicted  to 
the  use  of  the  phrase  were  Madame  D'Arblay 
and  Bishop  Pecock,  the  latter  furnishing  such 
an  instance  as  this:  "forto  perfitli,  sureli, 
and  sufficientli  undirstonde  Holi  Scripture." 
I  hasten  to  observe  that  I  am  not  penetrated 
with  admiration  by  this  particular  example, 
for  it  reminds  one  feoo  much  of  those  sepa- 
rable German  verbs  whose  component  parts 
are  apt  to  be  sundered  by  a  swamp  of  paren- 
theses ;  but  it  shows  to  what  lengths  an 
enthusiast  will  go  in  this  direction.  One 
may  balance  this  with  such  half-hearted 
Shakespearean  usages  as  "to  proceed  and 
justly  and  religiously  unfold,"  and  "  to  line 
and  new  repair  our  towns  "  ('  King  Henry  V.,' 
I.  ii.  10 ;  1 1.  iv.  7).  Besides  these,  there'may 
be  also  added  to  Dr.  Hall's  list  Byron's  "to 
slowly  trace  "  ('  Childe  Harold,'  II.  xxv.). 

If,  therefore,  there  are  some  authors  in  whose 
works  the  split  infinitive  in  all  its  naked 
shamelessness  has  escaped  detection,  it  is 
obvious  that  there  nevertheless  exists  abun- 
dant support  for  its  use  if  the  personal  baste 
of  a  writer  inclines  him  to  regard  the  idiom 
with  favour  or  indifference.  But  if  he  shares 
MARO'S  fierce  hatred  of  the  construction, 
it  will  at  least  be  judicious  to  so  place  the 
adverb  that  there  can  be  no  doubt  as  to  what 
verb  is  qualified.  J.  DORMER. 

Is  not  the  question  one  of  feeling  rather 
than  one  of  rules  ]  Is  anything  to  be  gained 
by  using  the  split  infinitive  ?  or  is  it  a  mere 
unnecessary  vulgarism  ?  It  seems  to  me  that 
it  may  be  used  to  increase  the  delicacy  of  our 
expression  in  certain  cases,  and  that  its  use 
is  therefore  legitimate. 

If  we  take  a  phrase  like  "  I  certainly  think 
he  is  wrong  "  (see  Sweet's '  English  Grammar ' 
on  position  of  adverbs),  and  turn  it  into  an 
infinitive  construction,  we  get  three  possible 
forms,  corresponding  to  the  three  possible 
forms  of  the  original. 

1.  I  certainly  think  he  is  wrong. 

Then  you  ought  to  certainly  think  I  am 
right. 

2.  Certainly  I  think  he  is  wrong. 

Then  you  ought  certainly  to  think  I  am 
right. 

3.  I  think  certainly  he  is  wrong. 

Then  you  ought  to  think  certainly  I  am 

right. 

In  No.  1  is  not  "  I  certainly  think  "  equiva- 
lent to  "  I  consider,"  the  adverb  being  blended 


with  the  verb  to  form  a  new  compound,  viz., 
the  verb  "  to  certainly-think,"  and  do  we  not 
change  the  sense  by  writing  "certainly  to 
think"?  Would  not  this  sufficiently  justify 
the  use  of  the  split  infinitive  in  certain  cases  ? 
"I  hardly  open  my  eyes  "  is  equivalent  to  "I 
half-open  my  eyes,"  and  the  infinitives  would 
express  the  same  difference.  Thus,  "  What  a 
pleasure  it  is  to  hardly  open  your  eyes  and 
look  through  the  waving  boughs  ! "  is,  I  think, 
preferable  to  "  What  a  pleasure  it  is  hardly  to 
open  your  eyes  and/"  &c.  P.  G.  WILSON. 
Amsterdam. 

When  MARO  condemns  such  a  phrase  as. 
"the  custom  is  a  bad  one,"  he  condemns 
Addison.  But  Dr.  Johnson  says  that  this 
mode  of  speech  is  not  elegant,  though  it  is 
used  by  good  authors.  Dr.  Johnson  himself 
is  one  of  those  who  have  used  the  split 
infinitive.  But,  so  far  as  I  know,  he  has  used 
it  only  once.  In  the  Bible  I  have  met  with 
several  instances  of  the  adverb  joined  to  the 
infinitive,  but  with  no  instance  of  the  split 
infinitive.  In  '  Hamlet '  we  find  : — 

Rightly  to  be  great 

Is  not  to  stir  without  gteat  argument, 
But  greatly  to  find  quarrel  in  a  straw 
When  honour's  at  the  stake. 

And  in  '  Paradise  Lost '  is  the  line  :— 

Strongly  to  suffer  and  support  our  pains. 
Ill  the  poetry  of  Gray  there  is  no  instance 
of  an  adverb  being  joined  to  the  infinitive^ 
with  the  exception  of  the  negative  "not  ta 
wound  my  heart"  and  "still  to  bring."  la 
the  poetry  of  one  or  two  other  well-known 
poets  I  looked  in  vain  for  such  examples. 

E.  YARDLEY. 

I  Is  to  the  sign  of  the  dative  in  A.-S.  ?  I 
thought  in  to  write  =  ihe  act  of  writing,  to, 
as  in  to-day,  to-morrow,  and  V Archdeacon  in 
Northern  dialect=£/ie,  the  definite  article, 
not=Fr.  a  dire,  Lat.  ad  dicendum.  The  verb 
is  usually  qualified  by  words  following,  but 
not  always.  T.  WILSON. 

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  NOTES  ON  DICKENS  AND 
THACKERAY  (10th  S.  iii.  22,  73,  131).— The 
title-page  of  the  printed  music  score  of  '  The 
Mountain  Sylph '  is  as  follows  : — 

"The  Mountain  Sylph,  A  Grand  Opera  in  two 
Acts,  as  performed  at  the  New  Theatre  Royal 
English  Opera  House.  Written  by  T.J.Thacke- 
ray, Esq*.  Composed  by  John  Barnett." 

WILLIAM  H.  CUMMINGS. 

PATENTS  OF  PRECEDENCE  (10th  S.  iii.  90).— 
Warrants  of  Precedence  were  issued  certainly 
as  early  as  1660.  I  can  think  of  one  on 
record  in  Ulster's  Office  granted  as  early  as 
1669  to  the  daughters  of  Thomas,  Viscount 


152 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io*  B.  m.  FEB.  25, 1905. 


Thurles,  eldest  son  of  Walter,  eleventh  Earl 
of  Ormonde  (see  '  The  Scots  Peerage,'  8vo, 
1904,  vol.  i.  p.  53) ;  and  there  are  several 
others. 

I  should  say  that  such  warrants  in  Scotland 
would  be  on  record  in  the  Lyon  Office,  if  they 
were  not  destroyed  by  the  fire  there  in  the 
reign  of  Charles  II.,  or  reference  might  be 
made  to  the  records  of  the  Privy  Seal  in  the 
New  .Register  House,  Edinburgh. 

ARTHUR  VICARS,  Ulster. 

"  TOURMALINE  "  :  ITS  ETYMOLOGY  (10th  S. 
in.  66,  115). — I  should  like  to  thank  PROF. 
&KEAT  for  referring  me  to  his  '  Concise  Dic- 
tionary.' I  ought  to  have  consulted  it  before 
writing  my  note,  but  had  only  his  larger 
dictionary  by  me.  It  may  interest  him  if  I 
add  that  I  have  now  traced  the  erroneous 
statement  that  tournamal  is  the  true  Cinga- 
lese name  for  this  stone  as  far  back  as  1775, 
when  it  appeared  in  Dr.  Priestley's  treatise 
'On  Electricity'  (vol.  i.  p.  368).  Thence  it 
got  into  Chambers's  '  Cyclopaedia,'  1786  edi- 
tion, and  into  liees,  1819,  and  so  through  other 
works  of  reference  to  the  '  Imperial '  and 
*  Century '  dictionaries  of  the  present  day. 
JAMES  PLATT,  Jun. 

In  his  note  on  this  subject  MR.  JAS.  PLATT, 
JUN.  (whose  communications  I  always  read 
with  the  liveliest  interest),  has,  unwittingly, 
reslain  the  slain.  Just  over  ten  years  ago  I 
spent  some  time  and  trouble  in  investigating 
the  history  of  the  word  tourmaline,  and  the 
result  of  my  researches  was  printed  in  the 
number  for  February,  1895,  of  the  Monthly 
Literary  Register  and  Notes  and  Queries  for 
Ceylon.  I  there  gave  practically  all  the  facts 
that  MR.  PLATT  has  recorded  in  his  note,  and 
a  good  deal  besides.  (Should  MR.  PLATT 
desire  to  see  my  communication,  I  shall  be 
most  happy  to  lend  him  the  volume  con- 
taining it.)  I  sent  a  copy  of  the  paper 
referred  to  to  PROF.  SKEAT,  drawing  his 
attention  to  the  error  in  his  '  Concise  Etymo- 
logical Dictionary  '  (fourth  ed.,  supplement); 
and  I  am  glad  to  see  that  in  the  latest  edition 
of  that  admirable  little  work  the  mistake  has 
been  amended.  That  the  word  tourmaline  is 
a  corruption  of  the  Sinhalese  toramalli  seems 
probable;  but  how  it  received  a  pseudo- 
French  termination  I  have  not  found.  I 
hope  that  MR.  PLATT  will  continue  his  in- 
vestigations into  the  history  of  the  word  in 
European  languages.  DONALD  FERGUSON. 

20.  Beech  House  Road,  Croydon. 

"WASSAIL"  (10th  S.  ii.  503;  iii.  9,  112).— I 
do  not  accept  MR.  ADDY'S  suggestions  ;  nor 
do  I  suppose  that  others  will  do  so.  I  take 
his  points  one  by  one. 


1.  He  says  the  M.E.  form  ought  to  have 
been  waissel  /  but  it  was  not. 

2.  The  form  wossel  is  simply  due  to  the 
action  on  the  a  of  the  preceding  iv,  just  as  we 
write  wan,  but  pronounce  it  as  if  it  rimed 
with  on.    It  therefore  shows  that  the  second 
letter  was  short  a,  and  not  ai  at  all. 

3.  The  argument  that   stone    is  steinn  in 
Icelandic  has  nothing  to  do  with  it,  because 
the  o  in  stone  is  long  ;  and  the  o  in  wossel  is 
not  so. 

4.  There  is  no  reason  why  Layamon's  wees 
hail  should  be  "  popular  etymology,"  for  his 
were  not  the  days  when  popular  etymologies 
of   ordinary  substantives  were    being   con- 
stantly made  up,  as  they  were  in  Tudor  times. 
His  story  may  be  all  false,  and  yet  it  may 
represent  an  old  tradition.    Really,  we  must 
consider  chronology.    It  is  true  that  popular 
etymology  has  at  all  times  misinterpreted 
place-names  and  personal  names ;  but  wassail 
is  not  a  personal  name. 

5.  I  account  for  the  spelling  wassail,  also 
for  the  form  wossel;  MR.  ADDY  can  only 
account  for  a  spelling  ivaissel,  which  I  do 
not  find.    It  is  for  him  to  tell  us  where  it 
occurs.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

GOLDSMITH'S  'EDAVIN  AND  ANGELINA'  (10th 
S.  iii.  49). —Mitford,  in  his  life  of  Goldsmith, 
has  written  on  this  subject  as  follows  : — 

"It  has  been  alleged  that  this  ballad  is  only  a 
translation  of  an  ancient  French  poem,  entitled 
'  Raimond  et  Angeline.'  The  discussion  that  took 
place  on  the  subject  may  be  seen  in  The  Monthly 
Review  for  (September,  1797,  and  The  European 
Magazine  for  1802.  It  appeared  in  a  small  obscure 
volume  called  'The  Quiz'  in  1767.  That  only  one 
of  these  poems  can  claim  originality  is  clear ;  but, 
speaking  with  diffidence  on  a  production  in  a 
foreign  language,  I  should  pronounce  the  French, 
in  many  of  its  parts,  to  have  the  air  of  a  transla- 
tion ;  there  is  a  coldness  and  flatness  in  some  of  the 
lines ;  and  it  is  certainly  very  inferior  in  beauty 
and  spirit  to  the  English.  This  at  least  is  certain, 
that  no  such  poem,  in  its  present  dress,  could  have 
appeared  in  an  ancient  French  novel,  for  it  is  in 
the  language  and  style  of  Florian  and  the  writers 
of  that  day,  a  little  altered  and  disguised." 

I  suppose  that  the  date  of  1767,  given  to 
'The  Quiz'  by  Mitford,  is  wrong,  and  that 
MR.  DOBELL'S  date  of  1797  is  right.  Other- 
wise Mitford's  reference  to  Florian  is  not 
happy  ;  for  Florian  was  born  in  1755. 

E.  YARDLEY. 

CON-  CONTRACTION  (10Ul  S.  ii.  427 ;  iii.  111).— 
One's  first  feeling  on  reading  MR.  WILLIAMS'^ 
note  is  annoyance  that  this  sort  of  hanky- 
panky  should  be  played  with  the  text  of  the 
First  Folio.  But  on  second  thoughts  the  whole 
proceeding  seems  so  extremely  puerile  that 
annoyance  becomes  merged  in  amusement. 


III.  FEB.  23,  1903.]          NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


153 


Will  ME.  WILLIAMS  explain  his  contention  a 
little  more  fully]  Is  it  affirmed  that  as  the 
compositor  set  up  the  text  the  great  Bacon 
stood  over  him  and  slipped  in  his  cryptic 
sentence  ?  or  is  he  supposed  to  have  arranged 
with  the  compositor  to  expand  or  contract 
the  lettering  so  that  this  phrase  should 
appear  at  the  thirty-third  line?  The  text, 
I  may  say,  shows  no  sign  of  this,  so  that  I 
think  that  question  may  be  answered  in  the 
negative. 

Then,  again,  it  is  a  little  unfortunate  that 
the  line  happens  to  be  the  thirty-first,  unless 
the  stage  directions  are  counted,  which  is 
unusual.  It  is  also  a  little  unfortunate  that 
ME.  WILLIAMS'S  answer  by  no  means  fits  the 
question.  As  I  understand  it,  we  are  asked 
if  the  C  reversed,  used  as  an  abbreviation  for 
Con,  might  not  have  been  known  as  "the 
horn."  MR.  WILLIAMS'S  answer  is  that  "  the 
horn  "  in  a  passage  in  the  First  Folio  stands 
for  C,  which  is  another  story  altogether,  and 
can  have  no  warrant  whatever  except  in 
the  imagination  of  the  writer.  Even  if 
QUIRINUS'S  question  could  be  answered  in 
the  affirmative,  which  has  yet  to  be  seen,  it 
would  lend  no  support  to  MR.  WILLIAMS'S 
contention.  HOLCOMBE  INGLEBY. 

fSedgeford  Hall. 

With  all  respect  to  MR.  WILLIAMS,  I  beg 
to  point  out  that  he  takes  for  granted  what 
he  is  asked  to  prove,  and  adds  a  minus 
quantity  to  our  information  on  the  point 
raised  by  QUIRINUS.  If  any  positive  instance 
of  the  sign  in  question  being  called  "  the 
horn  "  can  be  found,  I  sincerely  hope  it  will 
be  sent  to  Dr.  Murraj',  for  incorporation  in 
the  supplement  to  the  '  New  English  Dic- 
tionary.' Does  not  QUIRINUS  bring  down  the 
use  of  this  contraction  rather  late  ?  I  know 
it  well  in  MSS.  down  to  about  the  end  of  the 
fifteenth  century,  and  in  a  certain  number  of 
printed  books  of  that  century;  and  should 
be  sorry  to  fix  a  positive  date  for  its  dis- 
appearance, seeing  that  a  compositor  might 
casually  use  a  single  one  in  a  book  to  save 
trouble  in  "justifying"  some  awkward  line. 
But  it  is  certainly  rare  in  the  sixteenth  cen- 
tury. It  had,  however,  a  name  so  late  as 
1597,  as  may  be  read  in  Morley's  'Intro- 
duction to  Musick,3  book  i.  p.  36,  that  name 
being,  as  one  might  expect,  neither  more  nor 
less  than  con  per  se.  May  we  have  a  refer- 
ence to  books  in  which  this  sign  is  "  horn- 
shaped  "  ]  As  it  is  not  very  common,  a  note 
of  the  pages  would  save  trouble  in  finding 
the  instances.  Q.  V. 

CONDITIONS  OF  SALE  (10th  S.  ii.  269).— The 
earliest  "  Conditions  of  Sale "  I  have  been 


able  to  find  in  my  office  relate  to  some 
houses  in  St.  Luke's  (Old  Street),  and  are- 
dated  14  November,  1787.  They  are  very- 
short,  but  substantially  the  same  as  those  of 
the  present  day.  EDAVARD  HERON-ALLEN. 

COPYING  PRESS  (10th  S.  ii.  488).— Your 
correspondent  should  refer  to  8th  S.  xi.  226, 298, 
337,  for  instances  of  its  use  in  1809  and  1782, 
and  for  the  description  of  a  machine  invented 
by  Mr.  Wedgwood,  which  had  been  in  the 
possession  of  the  family  of  your  contributor 
for  at  least  three  generations,  and  was  thea 
in  excellent  preservation. 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

FLAYING  ALIVE  (9th  S.  xii.  429,  489  ;  10th  S.. 
i.  15,  73,  155,  352  ;  ii.  14).— At  the  fifth  refer- 
ence I  gave  a  quotation  relating  to  the 
human  skin  nailed  to  the  door  of  Hadstock 
Church,  Essex.  From  a  paragraph  in  The 
East  London  Advertiser  of  21  January,  I 
learn  that  this  skin  was  recently  offered  for 
sale  at  Stevens's  Auction  Rooms  : — 

"When  the  door  was  removed  for  repairs  lately 
the  ghastly  remnant  was  found  under  an  iron 
hinge.  Now  this  last  memento  of  a  Danish  pirate, 
encased  in  a  mahogany  box,  with  a  collection  of 
literary  references  to  it,  has  gone  for  31.  &* ,  not 
a  high  price  for  a  relic  of  such  rarity." 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 
West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

EDMOND  AND  EDWARD  (10th  S.  iii.  49).— I 
have  frequently  met  with  these  names  used 
indifferently  for  the  same  person  in  original 
documents  and  other  MSS.  of  the  seventeenth 
century.  But  whether  so  used  in  "  mediaeval 
times  "  I  cannot  state  with  any  such  degree 
of  certainty.  W.  I.  R.  V. 

MOTOR  INDEX  MARKS  (10th  S.  ii.  468).— The- 
letters  were  assigned  to  the  various  registra- 
tion districts  in  the  order  of  time  when  appli- 
cation was  made  by  the  several  authorities 
(with  one  or  two  exceptions).  S  and  I 
precede  or  follow  the  other  letters  in  the  ca^e- 
of  Scotland  and  Ireland  respectively.  Edin- 
burgh has  plain  S  and  Glasgow  plain  G.  la 
England,  when  the  single  alphabet  had  beer* 
exhausted  by  being  assigned  to  the  first  seb 
of  applicants,  the  list  was  continued  by  A  A» 
AB,  &c.,  followed  by  B  A,  B  B,  &c.,  C  A* 
C  B,  &c.,  and  so  on.  '  W.  S.  B.  H. 

ANTIQUARY  r.  ANTIQUARIAN  (10th  S.  i.  325,. 
396;  ii.  174, 237,  396,  474).— I  have  before  me  a 
copy  of  a  letter  dated  "  Trieste,  14  January, 
1883,"  from  that  great  purist  Sir  Richard 
Burton,  to  Bernard  Quaritch,  criticizing  a, 
pamphlet  of  mine  which  he  had  sent  him. 


154 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  HI.  FEB.  25,  MOB. 


He  says :  "  It  begins  badly,  '  musical  anti- 
quarian,' adjective  for  substantive."  I  have 
said  "  antiquary  "  since  then. 

EDWARD  HERON- ALLEN. 

FONT  CONSECRATION  (10th  S.  ii.  269,  336).— 
I  am  much  obliged  to  MR.  J.  HOBSON 
MATTHEWS  for  his  information.  An  account 
of  the  ceremony  will  be  found  in  an  Anglo- 
Saxon  Pontifical  in  the  Public  Library  at 
.Rouen,  also  in  the  Pontifical  of  Edmund 
Lacey,  1421.  Q.  W.  V. 

BANKRUPTS  IN  1708-9  (10th  S.  ii.  487).— 
Walter  Rye,  in  his  'Records  and  Record 
Searching,'  1888,  says  that  the  bankruptcy 
deeds  before  1831  are  at  the  Bankruptcy 
Commissioners'  Office,  after  that  year  in 
Close  Roll.  A  correspondent  at  8th  S.  v.  417 
stated  that  the  records  subsequent  to  1710 
were  in  the  new  Bankruptcy  Buildings  next 
Carey  Street,  Lincoln's  Inn  Fields.  Probably 
MR.  MASON  may  obtain  some  information 
from  the  following  work  in  the  library  of  the 
London  Institution,  Finsbury  Circus  :  "  The 
Bankrupts'  Directory with  an  alpha- 
betical list  of  all  those  persons  who  have 
surrendered  themselves  to,  or  have  been 
summoned  to  be  examined  by,  the  Commis- 
sioners according  to  the  last  two  Acts  of 
Parliament,"  London,  1708. 

Ev-ERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

HOUR  OF  SUNSET  AT  WASHINGTON  (10th  S. 
iii.  87). — The  latitude  of  Washington  being 
38°  55'  N".,  and  the  sun's  declination  23°  15'  S. 
on  15  December,  the  hour  angle  at  rising  or 
setting  will  be  70°  32',  equal  in  time  to 
4h.  42m.  By  that  interval,  then,  the  sun 
will  rise  or  set  at  Washington  before  passing 
the  meridian.  But  as  the  meridian  passage 
takes  place  on  15  December  at  5m.  before 
noon  by  mean  time,  the  sun  will  set  4  h.  42  m. 
after  that,  ie,  at  4h.  37m.  by  a  clock 
regulated  to  Washington  time. 

W.  T.  LYNN. 

Blackheath. 

TRAVELS  IN  CHINA  (10th  S.  ii.  408  ;  iii.  15).— 
In  the  Royal  Geographical  Society's  library, 
1,  Savile  Row,  W.,  the  other  day — why  do  we 
say  the  other  day  when  we  mean  an  other 
day  1— I  came  across  a  book  which  will  pro- 
bably give  the  information  about  English 
travellers  in  China  desired  by  the  REV.  EDWIN 
S.  CRANE.  Its  title  is  'Bibliotheca  Sinica: 
Dictionnaire  Bibliographique  des  Ouvrages 
relatifs  a  1'Empire  Chinois,'  par  Henri 
•Cordier,  vol.  i.,  Paris,  1904.  No  doubt  the 
librarian  would  allow  the  inquirer  access  to 
this  book,  or  would  help  him  to  the  desired 


information.     He    might  also    refer  to  the 
recently  issued  volume  dealing  with  China 
in  "  The  World's  History,"  edited  by  Helm- 
holt,  and  the  articles  in  the  ninth  edition  of 
the  'Encyclopaedia  Britannica'  and  supple- 
ment, whioh,  I  believe,  give  bibliographies. 
FREDK.  A.  EDWARDS,  F.R.G.S. 
56,  Eyot  Gardens,  Hammersmith,  W. 

HAMLET  WATLIXG  (10th  S.  ii.  488).— This 
gentleman  is  still  living  in  Ipswich.  He  is 
a  very  aged  man,  and  I  believe  he  has  copies 
of  every  drawing  he  has  ever  done,  many  of 
them  very  remarkable.  For  instance,  some 
curious  mural  drawings  were  discovered 
under  the  whitewash  when  the  church  at 
Earl  Stonham  was  being  restored.  These, 
owing  to  needful  repair,  had  to  be  destroyed, 
and  Mr.  Watling's  copies  are  all  that 
remain  of  them.  M.  E.  NOBLE. 

HERALDIC  (10theS.  ii.  408  ;  iii.  33,  94).— My 
authority  for  stating  that  Crawe  is  a  variant 
of  Crab  is  the  first  volume  of  the  '  Exchequer 
Rolls  of  Scotland.'  John  Crab,  custumar  of 
Aberdeen,  is  described  on  p.  64  as  Crawe,  in 
the  passage  where  mention  is  made  of  him 
as  buying  rope  for  military  engines  at  Ber- 
wick and  Norharn.  The  passage  runs  thus  : 
*'  et  Johanni  Crawe,  ad  emendum  Cordas  pro 
dictis  machinis,  vijl.  vjs.  et  ijd"  The  date  is 
1327.  On  pp.  398  and  530  he  is  called  Crabbe 
and  Crab.  Is  there  not  a  connexion  between 
the  words  craw  and  crab  ?  Cf.  Skeat's 
'Etymol.  Diet.,'  sub  'Crayfish,  Crawfish.' 

CHR.  WATSON. 

Crow  in  Northern  dialect  is  doubtless 
cra?t>,as  is  shown  by  the  story  of  the  Yorkshire 
clergyman  who  asked  Abp.  Temple  to  let 
him  hold  in  plurality  a  Northern  living  over 
some  hills  only  a  few  miles  away.  "  You  are 
not  a  craw  and  you  shan't  have  it."  But  has 
E.  B— R  thought  of  crayfish=ecrivisse,  G. 
Krabbe,  to  scrab,  and  crabbed  1  T.  WILSON. 

Harpenden. 

Reference  to  Prof.  Skeat's  '  Concise  Dic- 
tionary '  will,  I  think,  substantiate  what 
R.  B— R  says  as  to  the  impossibility  of 
"  era  we  "  being  a  variant  of  "  crab." 

J.  HOLDEN  MAC-MICHAEL. 

"ILAND"  (10th  S.  ii.  348,  493  ;  iii.  98).— I  see 
no  particular  difficulty.  If  a  detached  part 
of  a  barn  can  be  called  a  bay,  it  may  also  be 
called  an  island.  See  'Goaf  in  the  'Eng. 
Dialect  Dictionary,'  and  '  Island '  in  the 
'N.E.D.,'  which  does  not  appear  to  have  been 
consulted.  The  latter  shows  that  an  island 
is  applied  to  anything  that  is  in  any  way 
isolated  or  detached  ;  as  a  cluster  of  houses, 
a  clump  of  trees,  and  the  like.  It  is  obvious 


s.  in.  FED.  -2.-,,  iocs.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


155 


that  the  Ringmer  island  consists  of  a  clustei 
of  cottages  within  a  well-defined  area. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

An  older  word  "  Ayot "  appears  in  the  next 
parish  to  this.  There  are  two  churches 
Ayot  St.  Lawrence  and  Ayot  St.  Peter,  both 
on  high  ground,  very  nearly  surrounded  by 
the  river  Lea  ;  and  1  atn  told  that  "  iland  ' 
in  A.-S.  and  O.F.  includes  peninsula. 

T.  WILSON. 

Harpenden. 

Does  not  this  word  mean  the  upper  01 
high  land,  landing,  or  storey  In  a  barn,  wholly 
or  in  part,  divided  into  two  floors  ?  I  certainly 
remember  a  barn  of  that  character  in  which 
sixty  years  ago  I  performed  prodigious  feats 
of  leaping  from  the  high  landing  into  the 
gradually  lowering  mow  below,  while  two 
men  gaily  plied  their  flails  on  the  threshing- 
floor.  The  threshing-floor  was  in  the  centre, 
where  the  big  doors  opened,  and  on  either 
side  of  it  were  huge  bags  into  which  the 
sheaves  of  corn  were  unloaded  from  the  wains 
in  harvest  time.  The  west  bay  had  an  upper 
continuation  over  a  spacious  storehouse,  in 
which  latter  place  were  a  root-cutter,  grind- 
stone, barrows,  and  various  small  gear.  It 
was,  in  fact,  part  of  the  barn,  but  partitioned 
off  from  the  west  bay  to  a  height  of  perhaps 
nine  feet,  and  covered  with  boarding  to  form 
a  floor  for  the  space  above.  The  upper  space 
went  to  the  apex  of  the  roof,  and  was  open 
to  the  rest  of  the  barn  at  its  east  end.  Now, 
whenever  a  good  harvest  came,  the  top  storey, 
the  "  i-land,"  would  be  filled  first ;  then  the 
mow  in  the  west  bay  would  be  built  up  against 
it.  In  the  instance  quoted  by  MR.  ARKLE, 
the  upper  storey  had  been  filled  with  rye, 
which  was  allowed  to  remain  after  the  ad- 
jacent corn  had  been  thrashed— not  an  un- 
common practice  where  the  grain  in  the 
upper  land  or  storey  differed  from  that  which 
was  built  up  in  the  adjoining  bay. 

RICHARD  WELFORD. 
Neweastle-upon-Tyne. 

BACON  OR  USHER  ?  (10th  S.  ii.  407,  471 ;  iii. 
94.)— In  the  first  edition  of  'Reliquiae  Wot- 
tonianoe,'  1651,  p.  538,  the  verses  beginning 
"The  World's  a  bubble"  are  subscribed 
"Ignoto";  in  the  editions  of  1654,  1672,  and 
1685  this  signature  was  changed  to  "Fra. 
Lord  Bacon."  But  whether  the  ascription 
was  made  by  Sir  Henry  Wotton  himself,  or 
by  Walton,  who  edited  Sir  Henry's  papers, 
cannot  be  stated  with  certainty.  Wotton's 
admiration  of  Bacon  is  shown  in  the  very 
interesting  letter  which  is  printed  at  p.  411 
of  the  'Reliquiae,'  1651. 

The  weight  of   evidence    is    certainly  in 


favour  of  Bacon's  authorship.  If  Ussher, 
who  did  not  die  till  1656,  had  been  the  writer, 
would  he  have  allowed  the  lines  to  have  stood 
in  Farnaby,  Sylvester,  and  Wotton  un- 
corrected  ?  W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

Did  Wotton  write  Bacon's  epitaph  in  St. 
Michael's  Church,  St.  Albans  ?  I  thought, 
and  think,  till  I  know  better,  that  it  was 
written  by  his  cultor  and  fautor,  Thomas 
Meautys.  T.  WILSON. 

Harpeaden. 

BESANT  (10Ul  S.  iii.  28, 113).— People  ought  to 
be  allowed  to  pronounce  their  names  as  they 
please;  but  I  remember  that  W.  Besant  when 
an  undergraduate  was  called  Besant.  It  is  a 
foreign  name,  and  there  can  be  no  antiquity 
in  the  Besant  pronunciation,  said  to  have 
been  favoured.  B.  P.  O. 

As  opposed  to  T.'s  statement,  I  have  ifc 
from  a  gentleman  how  he  was  told  by  the 
late  Sir  Walter  that  his  surname  should  be 
pronounced  as  if  it  formed  a  rime  to 
"peasant."  This  would  seem  to  be  conclu- 
sive in  respect  of  a  name  about  the  pronun- 
ciation of  which  there  has  been  so  much 
difference  of  opinion.  CECIL  CLARKE. 

Junior  Athenseum  Club. 

BRINGING  IN  THE  YULE  "  CLOG"  (10th  S.  ii. 
507  ;  iii.  11,  57). — I  am  afraid  I  might  perhaps 
have  written  less  ambiguously,  and  said  that 
dun,  being  often  interchangeable  with  the 
sanguine  colour  colloquially,  was  probably 
also,  like  the  latter,  a  symbol  of  the  sun.  In 
any  case,  I  was,  I  think,  guarded  enough  not  to 
say  that  "dun  is  often  interchangeable  with 
}he  sanguine  colour  as  a  symbol  of  the  sun." 
But  there  is  some  evidence  in  folk-lore  that, 
lor  amuletic  and  sacred  purposes,  the  dun 
and  the  sanguine  colours  were  equally  effec- 
tive, for  the  sun  himself  sometimes  wears 
almost  a  dun  aspect,  and  the  red  breast  of 
;he  robin,  which  Grimm  identifies  with  the 
sun-god,  varies  from  a  dull  orange  colour  to 
almost  a  brown  or  dun  colour.  The  berries 
of  the  rowan  tree  were  none  the  less  sacred 
o  the  Northern  sun  deity  because  they 
ometimes  bore  a  yellow  rather  than  a  red 
int,  as  the  sun  himself  can  scarcely  be  said 
,o  be  always  of  a  red  hue.  The  "Red  Cow," 
oo,  as  we  meet  with  her  on  the  signboard, 
an,  when  we  dip  into  her  origin,  be  traced 
JQ  a  source  much  more  highly  fabled  than 
ler  presence  as  a  tavern  sign  would  suggest ; 
ind  practically  the  ''Dun  Cow"  has  been 
lisplaced  in  London,  where  only  one  instance 
urvives,  by  the  "Red  Cow,"  of  which  there 
ire  still  many  instances.  The  old  "Red 
Jow  "  half-way  house  at  Hammersmith,  for 


156 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,      [io'»  s.  m.  FEB.  25, 1905. 


instance,  is  spoken  of  in  a  mid  eighteenth 
century  newspaper,  in  connexion  with  a 
highway  robbery,  as  the  "Dun  Cow."  And 
is  not  brown  or  dun  colour  a  compound  of 
red  and  black—  listre,  in  fact? 

J.   HOLDEN    MAcMlCIIAEL. 

There  is  a  picture  illustrating  the  '  Bring- 
ing in  of  the  Yule  Log 'in  Brand's  'Obser- 
vations on  Popular  Antiquities,'  p.  248 
(Chatto  &  Windus,  London,  1877). 

D.  v.  B. 

In  support  of  PROF.  SKEAT'S  note  on  dun 
there  is  Lady  Macbeth's  ghastly  invocation  : 

Come,  thick  night, 
And  pall  thee  in  the  dunnest  smoke  of  hell ! 

FRANCIS  P.  MARCHANT. 

Streatham  Common. 

"CuT  THE  LOSS"  (10th  S.  iii.  69).— The 
expression  in  full  is  "cut  short  the  loss"— a 
maxim  occurring  as  one  of  three  "golden 
rules"  adopted  by  David  Ricardo  (b.  1772, 
d.  1823),  and  prescribed  by  him  to  the 
intending  operator  on  the  Stock  Exchange. 
Bicardo's  rules  were  ;  "  1,  Never  refuse  au 
option  when  you  can  get  it ;  2.  Cut  short 
your  losses  ;  3.  Let  your  profits  run  on." 
The  meaning  of  the  second  rule  is  self-evident 
in  its  general  application,  as  instanced  in  the 
case  of  the  Carthusian  purchase.  If  to  sell 
involve  loss,  to  delay  the  sale  may  involve 

Greater  loss.  Therefore  sell  now,  and,  by  so 
oing,  "cut  the  loss";  more  explicitly  "cut 
short  the  loss."  In  its  application  to  Stock 
Exchange  transactions,  the  maxim  prescribes 
that  when  stock  is  bought,  and  when,  con- 
trary to  anticipation,  it  is  found  that  prices 
are  falling,  you  should  resell  immediately, 
and  by  so  doing  "  cut  short  your  losses." 

JR.  OLIVER  HESLOP. 
Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 

This  evidently  means  to  diminish  the  loss 
of  anything  by  some  action  whereby  a  certain 
amount  of  compensation  for  tlie  loss  is 
ensured  : — 

"The  Spaniards  have  amusingly  and  successfully 
cut  the  loss'  in  one  small  matter.  As  is  well 
known,  the  terms  of  surrender  of  Santiago  involve 
the  transportation  back  to  Spain  of  the  captured 
Spanish  soldiers  at  America's  expense :  and  the 
contract  has  now  been  obtained  by  the  Spanish 
^transatlantic  Company.  Spanish  soldiers  will  go 
back  to  Spain  in  Spanish  ships  manned  by  Spanish 
sailors,  and  all  that  America  will  have  to  do  is  to 
pay.  —  The  Westminster  Gazette,  1898. 

J.  HOLDEN  MAC-MICHAEL. 

//IN  COCKNEY,  USE  OR  OMISSION  (10th  S  ii 

307,    351,    390,   490,    535).  —  Jealous    of    the 

reputation  of  my   native  county,  I   cannot 

allow  MR.  HELM'S  aspersion  to  pass.    I  was 


born  in  Norfolk,  and  know  something  of  it  ; 
but  I  have  never  known  a  Norfolk  man,  rich 
or  poor,  use  an  h  where  it  should  not  be,  or 
omit  it  where  it  should.  Whatever  other 
words  or  letters  they  may  misuse  (and  their 
grammar  is  not  always  of  the  best),  in  this 
respect  they  are  unassailable. 

J.  FOSTER  PALMER. 

PRESCRIPTIONS  (10th  S.  i.  409,  453  ;  ii.  56, 
291,  355,  492).—  DR.  FORSHAW  says  I  give  no 
authority  for  my  opinion  that  the  scruple 
and  the  gramma  were  the  same,  and  that  this 
is  only  an  assumption.  The  grounds  for  my 
statement  are  to  be  found  in  the  work  I 
mentioned,  the  English  edition  of  Paulus 
^Egineta,  vii.  26.  I  will  quote  them  :  — 

1.  Table  of  weights  :  — 

"Two  oboli,  which  make  a  gramme  (i.e.,  *crupu- 
Inm)." 

2.  Commentary  on  the  section  :  — 

"24  scruinila,  or  rather  scriptnla,  called  by  the 
Greeks  ypa^<tra." 

3.  Table  of  weights  used  by  Arabian  phy- 
sicians :— 


=  1813,  grains. 
Darchimi=2  dwt.  6,9?  grains  "  (i.e.  54,9j  grains). 

It  is  easy  to  recognize  the  Greek  terms  in 
the  Arabic  form  of  grame  and  drachimi,  the 
r  being  transposed,  as  in  our  "grass"  and 
"gerss."  The  weights  against  each  show  that 
not  only  the  Greek,  but  also  the  Arab,  phy- 
sicians, Avicenna  and  others,  used  gramma  as- 
the  equivalent  of  "  scruple." 

I  may  mention  that  this  division  of  the- 
Roman  ounce  into  drachms  and  scruples  was- 
applied  to  other  ounces  which  arose  in  the- 
Middle  Ages,  notably  to  our  Troy  ounce,  now 
happily  moribund,  probably  an  offshoot  of 
the  ounce  of  Caliph  Almamiin's  new  weights, 
which  superseded  the  old  Egyptian-Roman 
weights  in  the  East,  but  were  similarly 
divided.  EDWARD  NICHOLSON. 

Liverpool. 

"THE  NAKED  BOY  AND  COFFIN"  (10th  S. 
iii.  67).  —  A  week  or  two  ago  there  was  an 
inquiry  in  The  Globe  from  a  correspondent 
who  seemed  to  think  that  the  sign  of  the 
"  Naked  Boy  "  was  a  hopelessly  cryptical  one  ; 
but  there  is  evidence  extant  quite  sufficient, 
I  think,  to  establish  its  true  origin  as  that 
of  a  clothier,  intimating  the  tradesman's 
readiness  to  provide  habiliments  for  those 
in  need  of  them.  Woollen-drapers,  mercers, 
and  tailors,  as  well  as  undertakers  and  coach- 
makers,  employed  the  sign.  John  Ellison  was 
a  woollen-draper  at  the  "Naked  Boy  and 
Woolpack,"  over  against  Bull  Inn  Court  in 
the  Strand  (London  Evening  Post,  22  Feb- 


in.  FEB.  -25, 1905.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


157 


ruary,  1732).  Messrs.  Wells  &  Hartley  were 
mercers  in  Ludgate  Street  at  the  sign  of  the 
<lNaked  Boy  and  Wool  pack  "  (Daily  Advertiser, 
<>  April,  1742).  In  '  The  History  of  Signboards ' 
(1884,  8vo,  p.  450)  the  sign  is  assumed  to  bear 
a  satirical  allusion  to  the  changeableness 
of  fashion  in  dress — a  changeableness  con- 
sequent, no  doubt,  at  one  time,  upon  the 
variableness  of  the  English  climate,  and 
the  greater  taste  for  colour  and  general 
attractiveness  in  men's  costume.  But  the 
instances  given  or  the  references  made  to 
this  fickleness  of  fashion  are  by  no  means 
conclusive  as  to  this  having  been  the  origin 
of  the  sign.  Possibly  it  was  at  one  time 
the  "  Naked  Man,"  and  the  impropriety 
'became  an  aftergrowth,  since  it  was  not 
considered  indelicate  in  the  ancient  religious 
plays  for  the  dramatis  personce  to  appear  in 
the  simplicity  of  an  Edenic  wardrobe.  In 
•*  The  Comedy  of  Errors,'  where  Antipholus 
of  Syracuse  has  just  had  "  measure  of  his 
body"  taken  by  the  tailor,  Dromip  S.  ex- 
claims, "  What,  have  you  got  the  picture  of 
old  Adam  new  apparelled  ? "  There  is  a  token 
extant  (Beaufoy  Collection,  No.  878)  of  the 
"Naked  Boy  "  in  Palace  Yard,  Westminster. 
This  was  the  sign  of  Thomas  Lloyd,  in  1725, 
""one  of  the  Cart  Tail  Makers  to  his  Majesty, 
which  Place  is  in  the  Gift  of  the  Duke  of 
Dorset,  as  Lord  Steward  of  the  Household " 
-(Evening  Post,  21  October,  1725). 

J.  HOLDER  MACMICHAEL. 

This  sign  was  reproduced  in  The  Daily 
Graphic  of  12  December,  1904,  but  the  in- 
formation accompanying  it  is  very  inaccurate. 
The  contributor  of  the  note  to  The  City  Press 
is  probably  at  fault  in  describing  it  as  an 
"old  City  sign  which  was  displayed  in  the 
seventeenth  century."  The  sign  may  have 
originated  with  William  Grindley,  whose 
advertisement  is  quoted,  and  who  was  pro- 
prietor of  the  business  before  1750.  About 
that  date  he  was  succeeded  by  Mr.  Butler, 
great-grandfather  of  the  donor  of  the  sign 
-to  the  Guildhall  Museum.  My  research  into 
the  history  of  the  house  and  its  site  is  not 
complete;  but  I  believe  I  am  correct  in 
identifying  it  as  part  of  Robert  Pyle's  gift 
•to  the  Clothworkers'  Company,  1538 ;  vide 
'Register '  for  the  year  1838,  p.  9  et  seq.  The 
whole  of  this  estate  was  built  upon  about 
i680,  and  it  is,  therefore,  preferable  to  identify 
the  sign  as  of  the  eighteenth  century. 

ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

39,  Hillmarton  Road. 

JOSEPH  WILFRED  PARKINS  (10th  S.  iii.  108). 
— This  eccentric  person  contested  Carlisle 
an  1818,  not  in  1825.  W.  W.  Bean,  in  'The 


Parliamentary  Representation  of  the  Six 
Northern  Counties  of  England,'  states  that 
there  were  three  candidates— John  Christian 
Curwen  (Whig),  Sir  James  Graham,  Bart. 
(Tory),  and  J.  VV.  Parkins  (Whig),  and  that 
Mr.  Parkins  retired  at  3  P.M.  on  the  second 
day  of  the  election,  having  polled  forty-nine 
votes.  He  adds  that 

"Parkins  was  Sheriff  of  London  and  Middlesex  in 
1819-20.  He  went  out  to  India  as  a  poor  boy  and 
returned  to  England  a  wealthy  man.  He  appears 
to  have  been  a  very  eccentric  person  both  in 
England  and  America,  and  for  some  years  made 
himself  conspicuous  in  various  eccentric  ways.  It 
is  stated  that  the  annals  of  electioneering  when  he 
was  a  candidate  for  this  city  [Carlisle],  replete  as 
they  were  with  tomfooleries,  could  scarcely  produce 
a  parallel.  He  went  to  America  about  1825,  and 
died  at  New  York  in  1840." 

RICHARD  WELFORD. 

The  above-named  ex- Sheriff  of  London 
died  in  New  York  in  1840.  For  further  par- 
ticulars see  Gowan's  '  Catalogue  of  American 
Books,'  New  York,  1852,  No.  11,  p.  29,  and 
Gentleman's  Magazine,  1840,  vol.  ii.  p.  549. 
JOHN  RADCLIFFE. 

KANT'S  DESCENT  (10th  S.  ii.  488  ;  iii.  114).— 
The  following  paragraph,  showing  the  Prime 
Minister's  belief  in  the  Scottish  ancestry  of 
Kant,  appeared  in  The  'Times  about  a  year 
ago:— 

"  Mr.  Balfour  and  Kant. — The  editor  of  the 
KSniyyberffer  Hartungxche  Ztitunrj  informs  us  that 
he  has  received  from  Mr.  Balfour  the  following  con- 
tribution to  the  jubilee  number  of  that  journal, 
issued  in  connexion  with  the  one  hundredth  anni- 
versary of  the  death  of  the  great  Kunigsberg  philo- 
sopher, Itnmanuel  Kant :  '  Kiinigsberg  does  well  to 
keep  alive  every  memory  connected  with  the  great 
man  whose  writings  opened  a  new  epoch  in  the 
development  of  philosophy.  I  am  proud  to  think 
that,  though  Kant  was  a  German  of  the  Germans, 
his  ancestors  were  countrymen  of  my  own,  so  that 
Scotland  niay  have  something  more  than  a  strictly 
philosophic  interest  in  the  perpetuation  of  his 
memory. —A.  J.  Balfour.'  " 

W.  S. 

A  propos  of  Andrew  Kant,  of  Dort,  men- 
tioned by  MR.  W.  YOUNG,  it  is  extremely 
interesting  to  note  that  Andrew  was  the 
name  of  the  minister  Cant,  who  figures  so 
conspicuously  in  Spalding's  'Troubles'  as  a 
rabid  Covenanter.  The  Scots  descent  of  Kant 
was  discussed  in  Scottish  Xotes  and  Queries, 
First  Series,  i.  122,  143  ;  ii.  30. 

J.  M.  BULLOCH. 

118,  Pall  Mall. 

JOHN  ECTON  (10th  S.  i.  327).— The  parish 
registers  of  St.  Michael-in-the-Soke,  Win- 
chester, record  the  baptisms  of  John,  son  of 
John  Ecton,  on  14  February,  1674,  and  of 
Bridgett,  daughter  of  John  Ecton,  on  29  De- 


158 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [10*  s.  in.  FEB.  25, 1905. 


cember,  1676.  The  first  of  these  entries 
relates  presumably  to  the  author  of  'Liber 
Valorum  et  Decimarum.'  H.  C. 

•'  CARENTINILLA.  "  (10th  S.  iii.  108).— I  am 
able  now  to  add  the  price  of  this  fabric, 
which  may  throw  some  light  on  the  question 
of  its  nature.  In  1312-13  and  1314-15  it 
cost  3d.  an  ell.  Q.  V. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

The  Literature  of  the  French  Renaissance.  By 
Arthur  Tilley,  M.A.  2  vols.  (Cambridge,  Uni- 
versity Press.) 

IF  the  study  of  the  literature  of  the  Renaissance 
is  more  interesting  and  stimulating  in  France  than 
elsewhere,  the  reason  may  be  found  in  the  violent 
hostility  provoked  in  that  country  by  the  Refor- 
mation and  the  consequent  persecution  to  which 
the  thinker  was  subject.  Nothing  correspond- 
ing was  visible  in  the  same  degree  elsewhere. 
At  a  time  when  the  Parlement  and  the  Sor- 
bonne  were  burning  men  such  as  Dolet  at  the 
stake,  Rome  was  the  safest  place  in  which  a 
freethinker  could  take  shelter.  In  Spain  the 
trumpet  blast  of  Reformation  awoke  no  echoes, 
the  intellectual  Hfe  of  the  country  having  been 
stifled  by  a  system  of  scientific  and  continuous 
persecution.  In  Germany  the  boldest  innovators 
found  influential  protectors,  while  the  victims  of 
"  bloody "  Mary  consisted  rather  of  the  humble 
and  the  pious  than  of  the  learned  and  the  wise. 

In  France  meanwhile  the  strife  between  leaguer 
andHuguenotaboundswithpicturesqueandstriking 
episodes.  Before  the  opposing  sides  were  definitely 
formed  the  leaders  of  revolt  in  France  had  a 
sufficiently  hard  time.  Some  were  put  to  death ; 
others  committed  suicide ;  others,  again,  betook 
themselves  to  exile.  Rabelais  even,  the  greatest 
of  all,  owed  his  safety  to  the  protection  of  patrons 
such  as  the  Du  Bellays  and  to  the  special  favour 
of  Francis  I.  It  is  interesting  and  saddening  to 
trace  the  fate  of  the  separate  members  of  that 
brilliant  party  that  met  at  Liguge.  In  place,  then, 
of  pleasant  discussions  concerning  the  humanists, 
we  have  to  study  the  actions  of  men  between  whom 
and  death  interposed  little  except  the  protection 
of  the  Court  (itself  not  too  secure)  of  Navarre. 

Upon  the  literary  aspects  of  this  thrilling  epoch, 
and  upon  the  writings  of  the  principal  poets, 
essayists,  philosophers,  satirists,  moralists,  &c., 
Mr.  Tilley,  the  Lecturer  at  King's  College,  Cam- 
bridge, has  written  a  comprehensive,  serviceable, 
and  erudite  work,  which  the  student  may  read 
with  pleasure  and  will  turn  to  with  advantage. 
The  circumstances  under  which  the  task  was 
executed,  and  the  sources  of  obligation,  are  stated 
in  a  preface,  which  the  student  will  naturally  con- 
sult. Beginning  with  the  accession  of  Francis  I., 
the  work  ends  with  Regnier  and  Malherbe, 
1555-1628,  thus  covering  virtually  a  century. 
Early  chapters  are  devoted  to  Francis  and  his 
Court ;  to  Humanism,  the  leading  spirit  in  which 
is  Bude,  the  friend  of  Erasmus,  born  in  the  same 
year,  the  reviver  of  Greek  learning,  founder  of  the 
College  de  France  and  the  Bibliotheque  du  Roi ; 


and  to  the  moulding  of  the  language.  It  opens  out 
with  Clement  Marot  and  his  predecessor  Cretin.  Jean 
Marot,  Coquillart,  and  Octavien  (or,  as  Mr.  Tilley 
prefers  to  call  him,  Octovien)  de  Saint-Gelais,  the 
series  of  literary  judgments  which  constitutes  the 
most  attractive  portion  of  the  work. 

The  school  of  Marot  occupies  a  separate  chapter, 
after  which  we  reach  Margaret  of  Navarre,  who 
supplies,  perhaps,  the  best  portion  of  the  book. 
Rabelais,  Montaigne,  and  the  Pleiade  are  naturally 
the  subjects  of  chapters,  and  there  is  in  the  second 
volume  a  short  but  useful  summary  of  the  Renais- 
sance theatre,  drawn  from  the  tragedies  of  Jodelle- 
and  the  comedies  (virtually  translations)  of  Pierre 
Larivey,  with  a  separate  reference  to  tragi-comedy, 
the  earliest  instance  of  which  is  advanced  in  the 
'  Celestina  '  of  Fernando  de  Rojas,  the  longest  of 
Spanish  plays.  In  his  '  Apology '  Sidney  speaks  of 
the  "mungrell  Tragy-comedie."  We  have  closely 
studied  a  work  which  covers  one  of  the  most 
interesting  epochs  in  the  history  of  human  thought, 
and  have  marked  unavailingly  scores  of  passages- 
for  comment.  Small  opportunity  for  censure  is 
afforded,  though  there  are  some  pardonable 
academic  strictures  upon  licences  of  speech,  which 
in  their  own  time  were  not  regarded  as  such.  In. 
the  case  of  Rabelais,  sufficient  allowance  is  scarcely 
made  for  the  fact  that  coarseness  of  speech  was 
employed  principally  as  a  defensive  measure,  and 
was,  like  the  guffaw  of  the  clown,  used  to  disguise 
or  reduce  to  no  importance  the  sagest  and  most 
pregnant  utterances  of  the  day.  To  Christie's  great 
work  on  Dolet — the  best  contribution  in  its  way  of 
any  Englishman  to  French  literature — full  justice 
is  done.  A  very  pleasant  picture  is  afforded  of 
Margaret  of  Navarre,  whose  attitude  towards 
religion  is  said  to  have  been  very  similar  to  that  of 
the  mass  of  English  people  at  the  beginning  of  the 
reign  of  Elizabeth.  The  work  is  excellent  in  all 
respects,  and  its  contents  are  rendered  generally 
accessible  by  a  good  index.  Considering  the  large 
number  of  entries,  a  remarkable  amount  of  space  is 
devoted  to  the  minor  writers  with  whom  the  epoch 
swarms.  We  knowno  other  work,  English  or  French, 
which  gives  within  the  same  space  so  much  service- 
able information.  Most  of  the  early  French 
writers  have  been  edited  in  the  "Bibliotheque 
Elzevirienne"  or  in  other  forms.  There  are  still 
some,  however,  to  whom  access  is  not  easy.  Mr. 
Tilley's  work  commends  itself  warmly  to  the- 
scholar. 

Early  Scottish  Charters  prior  to  A.D.  1153.  Col- 
lected, with  Notes  and  an  Index,  by  Sir  Archibald 
C.  Lawrie.  (Glasgow,  MacLehose  &  Sons.) 
THE  early  Scottish  charters  granted  before  the 
death  of  David,  "  the  good  king,"  popularly  known 
as  "the  saint,"  are  mostly  accessible  in  the  pub- 
lications of  the  Scottish  printing  clubs,  Dugdale, 
and  such  institutions  as  the  Surtees  Society  and 
the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Scotland.  Alone  or 
in  conjunction  with  the  Maitland  Club  the  Banna- 
tyne  Club  issued  very  many.  Sir  Archibald  puts 
their  number  at  134.  From  various  sources  the 
present  editor  has  collected  no  fewer  than  271 
charters,  some  of  them  printed  for  the  first 
time.  On  the  value  of  these  it  is  needless  to- 
insist.  They  constitute  the  chief  source  of  in- 
formation we  possess  concerning  Scottish  history 
before  feudal  customs  were  virtually  established 
by  David  I.  Beginning  with  '  The  Book  of  Deer,' 
the  discovery  of  which  in  I860)  sent  a  thrill  to  the- 


m.  FEB.  25, 1905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


150 


heart  of  Scottish  antiquaries,  they  end  with  the 
charter  to  Brinkeburn,  A.D.  1153,  edited  for  the 
Surtees  Society  by  Mr.  Page,  and  attributed  by 
him,  presumably  in  error,  to  Malcolm,  not  William, 
de  Gwarrenne.     With  one  exception,  the  'Notitire 
of  Grants  to  the  Church  of  Deer'  are  translated 
from   the   Gaelic,    are    Irish,    and  were  written, 
according  to  Mr.  Skene,  in  the  early  part  of  the 
reign  of  David  I.    The  charters  generally  are  in 
Latin,  and  are  of  varied  interest.    One  of  them  is 
granted  to  the  church  of  St.  Serf  by  Macbeth  and 
Gruoch,  the  King  and  Que«n  of  Scots.    Another  is  a 
letter  of  Alcuin  to  the  monks  of  Candida  Casa,  in 
Wigtonshire,  desiring  their  prayers,  first  printed 
in  its  entirety  in  Haddan  and  Stubbs ;  one  from 
Anselm,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  to  King  Alex- 
ander I.  ;   three  letters  from  Pope  Callixtus  II., 
casting  a  lighten  Scottish  ecclesiastical  history,  &c. 
So  well  known  to  antiquaries  and  historians  are 
these  precious  documents    that  it  is  needless  to 
dwell  upon  them.    They  are  now  presented  in  a 
collected  and  comprehensive  form,  and  are  easily 
accessible  to  the  student,  who  has  had  previously  to 
hunt  them  out  in  works  not  always  within  reach. 
It  is  in  the  notes  and  illustrations,  which  form  the 
larger  portion  of  the  volume,  that  the  most  im- 
portant contribution  to  scholarship  is  made.    With 
the  patient  fidelity  of  a  herald  Sir  Archibald  has  i 
followed  down  the  track  of  these  grants,  showing 
which  of  them  are  avowedly  spurious,  hinting  at  | 
or  proving  the  uncertainty  of  others,  and  supplying  ' 
all  obtainable  information  concerning  the  personages 
and  institutions  mentioned.     In  his  opening  note 
he  describes  the  discovery  of  k  The  Book  of  Deer,' 
published  in  its  entirety  in  1869  by  the  Spalding 
Club,  and  points  out  the  sanguine  hopes  of  illu-  ! 
mination  derived  from  its  appearance.     Its  value  j 
and  its  interest  in  regard  to  Columcilla,  otherwise  , 
St.  Columba,  and  St.  Drostan  are  conceded.   Doubt  i 
is  cast,  however,  as  to  whether,  as  Mr.  Skene  sup- 
posed, there  was  a  Mormaer  over  each  province  of 
Northern    Scotland.     The    general    value    of    the  j 
'  Notitiie '  is  said  to  have  been  exaggerated,  and  there 
is  some  question  whether  a  monastery  continued  ] 
to  exist  at  Deer  from  the  time  of  St.  Columba  to  ' 
the  reign  of  David  I.    In  addition  to  the  mention  ! 
of  Lady  Macbeth,  we  come  on  occasional  references  j 
to  legend  or  romance.     To  the  appropriation  of  the  ! 
lands  of  the  Cistercian  Abbey  of  Deer  were  to  be 
attributed  by  Keith  Marischal  the  sorrows  of  his 
line,  celebrated  by  Sydney  Dobell  and  Rossetti. 
On  p.  273  we  come  upon  the  Boy  of  Egremont  and 
"  What  is  good  for  a  bootless  bene?"  though  Sir 
Archibald    thinks    it    probable    that   he   was    a 
brother,  and   not   a   son,   of   Alice   de    Romelie. 
Curious  antiquarian  references  abound,  such  as  the 
practice  of  Jaying  on  the  altar  a  knife  as  a  symbol 
of  gift.     We  could  derive  from  successive  notes 
endless  matter  of  interest.    The  book  is  a  boon  to 
scholarship  such  as  Messrs.  MacLehose  have  taught 
us  to  expect  from  their  University  Press. 

Samuel  Butler's  Hudibras.     The  Text  edited  by 

A.  R.  Waller.  (Cambridge,  University  Press.) 
THE  third  volume  of  the  admirable  series  of 
"Cambridge  English  Classics"  differs  from  its 
two  predecessors  in  being  in  verse,  as  well  as 
in  some  editorial  respects.  It  is  printed  from 
the  edition  of  1678,  the  first  of  all  the  three 
parts,  the  text  of  which  it  adopts,  while  in  an 
appendix  are  supplied  the  variants  between  the 
accepted  text  and  that  of  the  early  editions  of  1662 


and  1664.  The  variants  in  question  are  not  seldom 
significant.  In  the  first)  edition  of  the  first  part  the 
opening  line  of  canto  i.  reads 

When  civil  dudgeon  first  grew  high 
— a  reading  which  we   have   always    preferred— 
instead  of 

When  civil  fury  first  grew  high. 

Considerable  change  has  been  made  in  the  famous1 
lines  about  Montaigne  playing  with  his  cat,  and 
alterations  of  importance  are  of  frequent  occur- 
rence. It  may  not  arbitrarily  be  decided  which 
text  is  preferable.  The  later  has  at  least  the 
advantage  of  being  the  more  ample,  supplying 
many  passages  not  to  be  found  in  the  earlier. 
Among  the  lines  which  do  not  appear  in  the  first 
edition,  and  are  now  given,  is  the  famous  distich. 
Compound  for  Sins,  they  are  inclin'd  to  ; 
By  damning  those  they  have  no  mind  to, 
perhaps  the  best  known  and  the  most  frequently- 
quoted  in  the  book.  We  ourselves  first  heard  this- 
publicly  quoted  sixty  years  ago  by  a  Quaker  orator, 
who, however,  for  "damning"  substituted  the  more 
innocent  word  "blaming."  Butler's  rimes  are  the 
most  ingenious  and  flexible  on  record.  They  are 
not  always  such  as  would  pass  muster  in  the  present 
century.  Even  the  surprise  rime  in  the  secondi 
part  of  the  second  canto, 

And  straight  another  with  his  Flambeaux, 
Gave  Ralpho  o'er  the  eyes  a  damn'd  blow, 
ingenious  as  it  is,  is  not  quite  satisfactory.  In 
this,  as  in  previous  volumes,  eccentricities  of 
punctuation  are  left  unaltered,  Mr.  Waller  justly 
holding  that  the  "'pointing'  of  those  days  is  no 
more  a  stumbling-block  than  the  spelling,"  and. 
asserting  that  it  "gives  to  the  general  reader  an 
added  sense  of  nearness  to  the  actual  f  jrm  in  which 
the  author  made  his  appearance."  We  shall  be 
glad  of  a  companion  volume  with  Butler's  other 
poems. 

Popular  Ballads  of  the  Olden  Time.  Selected  and 
edited  by  Frank  Sidgwick.  Second  Series. 
(A.  H.  Bullen.) 

THE  second  telection  of  popular  ballads  issued  by 
Mr.  Sidgwick  is  in  no  way  inferior  to  the  first,  and 
the  augmenting  series  will  prove  an  inestimable 
boon  to  those  who  do  not  possess  the  large  and 
authoritative  work  edited  by  Mr.  Chappell  and  Mr. 
Ebsworth  for  the  Ballad  Society,  or  the  admirable 
collection  of  Prof.  Francis  James  Child.  We  have 
already  spoken  in  high  praise  of  the  first  series,  the 
name  of  Mr.  Bullen  on  the  title-page  and  his  share 
in  the  publication  furnishing  a  guarantee  for  purity 
and  authenticity  of  text.  These  things  are  more 
important  than  might  be  supposed,  since  modern 
squeamishness  is  threatening  to  deluge  our  shelves 
with  works  from  which  the  scholar  cannot  confi- 
dently quote.  There  seems  a  danger,  indeed,  that,  in 
spite  of  Macaulay's  protest,  duly  quoted  amidst 
the  preliminary  matter,  "  Rifadmenti,  harmonies, 
abridgments,  expurgated  editions,"  may  become 
pur  ordinary  fare.  Works  such  as  this  are,  accord- 
ingly, to  be  prized  and  cherished.  Something  over 
fifty  ballads  are  included  in  the  present  volume. 
They  are  described  as  'Ballads  of  Mystery  and 
Miracle  and  Fyttes  of  Mirth.'  The  selection  is 
admirably  made  and  edited.  It  begins  with '  Thomas 
Rymer,'  from  the  lost  TytlerrBrown  MS.  Follow- 
ing this  come  ' Cospatrick,'  'Clerk  Colven,'  'Tarn 


160 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io»  B.  111.  FEB.  25,  IMS. 


Lin,'  '  The  Wife  of  Usher's  Well,'  '  Clerk  Sanders,' 
'  The  Three  Ravens '  (which  we  are  disposed  to 
place  at  the  very  top  of  ballad  literature),  'Fair 
Helen  of  Kirconnell,  and  innumerable  others,  in- 
cluding 'The  Bailiff's  Daughter  of  Islington'  and 
'"King  John  and  the  Abbot.'  Indexes  of  titles  and 
first  lines  add  to  the  value  of  a  scholarly  and  trust- 
worthy compilation  which  appeals  strongly  to  the 
Jovers  of  poetry.  The  '  Fyttes  of  Mirth '  are 
-specially  attractive. 

The  Table  Talk  and  Omniana  of  Coleridge.  Arranged 

and  edited  by  T.  Ashe,  B.A.  (Bell  &  Sons.) 
.No  pleasanter  addition  could  be  made  to  the 
attractive  "  York  Library"  thati  this  work  of  Cole- 
ridge, which  is  stuffed  full  of  matter.  Herein  are 
many  of  his  most  pregnant  utterances,  such  as  that 
Swift  was  "  anima  Rabelaisii  habitans  in  siccp." 
There  are  few  books  to  which  one  can  turn  with 
more  certainty  of  reward.  The  man  would  be  "not 
•unwise,"  to  use  Milton's  words,  who  dipped  into  it 
frequently,  even  daily.  In  its  present  shape  it  can 
be  so  dipped  into  with  comfort  as  well  as  advantage. 

The  Edinburgh  for  January  opens  with  a  review 
•of  so  much  of  the  second  volume  of  '  The  Cambridge 
Modern  History '  as  relates  to  the  Reformation  in 
.England.  It  is  written  by  one  of  competent  knovy- 
ledge,  and  we  trace  in  it  an  earnest  desire  to  avoid 
partisanship  which  has  been  almost  always  success- 
ful, though  we  think  we  have  discovered  a  few 
mistakes  as  to  facts.  It  is  not  evident,  for 
•example,  that  what  are  now  called  the  Home 
Counties  had  at  first  accepted  the  ideals  of  the 
continental  reformers  to  the  extent  with  which 
they  are  credited.  There  were  more  persons  burnt 
at  the  stake  for  heresy  near  London  than  in  many 
•districts  further  removed  from  the  centre  of  govern- 
ment ;  but  this  is  no  index  to  the  number  of  people 
who  shared  the  convictions  of  those  who  suffered. 
Aubrey  de  Vere  is  sympathetically  treated  by  one 
well  able  to  appreciate  his  verse,  which  has  never 
been  popular  with  the  multitude,  though  his  brother 
•poets  valued  it  highly.  His  love  of  nature,  espe- 
cially in  its  simpler  and  milder  forms,  is  his  most 
valuable  characteristic.  This  has  been  attributed 
to  his  early  friendship  with  Wordsworth,  but  was 
•evidently  inborn.  The  paper  on  Bishop  Creighton 
does  justice  to  one  who,  as  an  historian,  has  hardly 
been  estimated  at  his  true  value.  The  fact  that  he 
•  did  not  take  a  side,  but  endeavoured  to  present 
•things  as  they  were,  not  as  they  ought  to  have 
been,  has  led  niany  to  conclude,  most  unjustly, 
that  he  was  indifferent  to  subjects  whereon  he  had, 
>in  truth,  strong  convictions.  We  know  of  no  modern 
English  writer  who  has  possessed  more  fully  the 
>rare  gift  of  fairness  when  judging  those  persons 
whose  stupidity,  not  to  dwell  on  their  crimes,  must 
have  been  most  repugnant  to  his  own  temperament. 
'Sweden'  is  a  paper  the  production  of  a  writer 
who  knows  the  country  well,  uot  only  as  it  exists 
•for  the  modern  tourist,  but  also  as  it  was  in  the 
•remote  past.  Whether  it  be  true  that  the  Swedes 
•of  to-day  are  the  fullest  representatives  of  the 
Teutonic  stock  we  are  neither  prepared  to  affirm 
nor  deny.  They  have  the  physical  characteristics 
of  the  Old  Germans  in  a  marked  degree,  and  their 
intellectual  gifts  tell  in  the  same  direction.  In 
early  times,  however,  there  must  have  been  no  little 
admixture  of  Lapland  blood,  and  it  would  be 
strange  if  the  Mongolian  strain  were  altogether 
-absent.  '  Homer  and  his  Commentators '  is  in 


great  part  a  review  of  M.  Victor  Berard's  'Les 
Pheniciens  et  1'Odyssee,'  a  work  which  will  greatly 
modify,  if  indeed  it  does  not  revolutionize,  the  old 
fashioned  Homeric  scholarship.  Manila  is  not  a 
place  from  which  we  should  look  for  important 
contributions  to  scientific  literature.  Nevertheless 
the  Rev.  Jose  Algue,  a  Jesuit  priest  stationed 
there,  has  found  means  of  issuing  in  that  far-away 
station  a  book  on  cyclones,  which  cannot  but  be  of 
great  importance  to  the  merchant-navies  of  the 
world.  The  work  seems  but  little  known  as  yet, 
though  it  has  reached  a  second  edition.  Whether 
M.  Algue's  conclusions  are,  on  the  whole,  satis- 
factory, it  must  be  left  to  future  experience  to 
demonstrate.  There  are,  however,  reasons  for 
accepting  them,  at  least  provisionally,  as  they  are 
based  on  long-continued  and  careful  observation. 


THE  '  Select  Documents  illustrative  of  the  His- 
tory of  the  French  Revolution,'  which  Mr.  L.  G. 
Wickham  Legg  has  edited,  will  be  published  in. 
two  volumes  by  Mr.  Frowde  for  the  Delegates  of 
the  Oxford  University  Press. 

JOWKTT'S  translation  of  Aristotle's  'Polities'  is 
being  issued  by  the  Oxford  University  Press, 
uniform  in  style  with  Plato's  '  Socratic  Dialogues,' 
also  translated  by  Jowett,  Dean  Wickham's  '  Horace 
for  English  Readers,'  and  Mr.  Tozer's  translation 
of  the  '  Divine  Comedy.'  Mr.  H.  W.  C.  Davis  con- 
tributes introduction,  analysis,  and  index  to  the 
'Politics.' 


HT01k.es 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices  :  — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 
put  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
heading,  the  series,  volume,  and.  page  or  pages  to 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "Duplicate." 

D.  M.,  Philadelphia  ("  Leases  for  99  or  999  Years  "). 
—  Many  communications  on  leases  for  999  years 
appeared  in  7th  S.  iii.,  iv.,  v.,  vi.  Long  leases  gener- 
ally were  discussed  so  recently  as  the  last  volume 
of  the  Ninth  Series. 

YLIMA  ("  Value  of  Marble  Table").—  You  should 
show  it  to  an  expert. 

NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "  The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries'"  —  Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Pub- 
lisher"— at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  E.G. 

We  beg  leave  to  state  that  we  decline  to  return 
communications  which,  for  any  reason,  we  do  not 
print  ;  and  to  this  rule  we  can  make  no  exception. 


io»  s.  in.  FEB.  i5, 1805.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

THE    ATHEN&UM 

JOURNAL  OF  ENGLISH  AND  FOREIGN  LITERATURE,  SCIENCE, 
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LHASA.     BYGONES  WORTH  REMEMBERING. 

The  CHURCH  in  MADRAS.  SYDNEY  SMITH. 

CROSS  RIVER  NATIVES. 

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The  BALKAN  QUESTION.  UGANDA  and  its  PEOPLES.  SOCIOLOGICAL  PAPERS,  1904.  The 
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10*8.  III.  MARCH  4,  1905.]      NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


161 


LOXDOX,  SATURDAY,  it  ARCH  It,  1905. 


CONTENTS. -No.  62. 

NOTES  :— Mrs.  Thrale  and  Johnson's  'In  Theatre,'  1«1— 
J3enson  Earle  Hill,  162-The  Egyptian  Hall,  Piccadilly 
163— Queen  Anne  as  Amateur  Actress,  16-4— Congreve' 
Birthplace  —  "  L'gly  rush  "  —  Quarfcerstaves  —  The  Fitz 
williams— The  late  Dr.  H.  H.  .Drake- Contempt  for  th 
Law  in  a  Will,  165. 

QUEKIBS:— "Perit"  —  Irritability    of    Character,    166  — 
"  Bottleman  "—Moscow  Campaign— Turing  :  Baunerman 
— Translations  of  Domesday— Kipley— Persehouse  :  Sabin 
— Sir  James  Cotter,  167 — De  Morgan  :  Tuberville  — Compte 
Prison— Lucas  Families — Spur-post — Abbey  of  St.  Vale'ry 
sitr-Somme  —  "Pompelmous"—  "  Dinkums  "  —  Bidding 
Prayer— Sibilla  de  Gournay — Hertfordshire  Iconoclast — 
Sir  Alexander  Grant's  Will— Samuel   Butler,  1*53—  Song 
Wanted—"  Call  a  spade  a  spade  "— '  The  Lady's  Museum ' 
•Modern  London,'  1804— Millar's   '  Geography '— Wooder 
Fonts,  169. 

REPLIES:  —  "The  gentle  Shakespeare,"  169— "Walkyn 
Silver,"  170— "And  has  it  come  to  this?" — Authors  o 
Quotations  Wanted— Halls  of  the  City  Companies,  171 — 
'Steer  to  the  Nor'-Nor'- West '—Molly  Lepel's  Descent— 
St.  Sepulchre,  172— Birth-Marks—George  Villiers,  Duke  o 
Buckingham — Blood  used  in  Building  :  Sugar  in  Mortar 
173— Cataloguing  Seventeenth-Century  Tracts — Cope  o 
Bramshill— Q  icen's  Surname,  174— Gold  r.  Silver— Patent 
Medicines— Clocks  stopped  at  Death — Clergyman  as  City 
Councillor  —  Saxton  Family,  175  —  Luther  Family  —  Sir 
El  win  Arnold—"  When  our  old  Catholic  fathers  lived  "— 
"  Ob  !  the  pilgrims  of  Zion  " — '  Rebecca,'  a  Novel,  176. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :—' Hakluytus  Posthumus'—  Kanke's 
'  History  of  the  Keformati  m  '  — '  Heralds'  College  and 
Coats  of  Arms '  —  ' Remarkable  Comets'  —  'Browning 
Calendar'  —  '  Quarterly  Review '  —  '  English  Historica 
Review.' 

Bookse'ltrs"  Catalogues. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


gait*. 


IN 


MRS.    THRALE   AND   JOHNSON'S 
THEATRO.' 

A  THRALE  -  BOSWELL  item  has  recently 
come  into  the  possession  of  a  local  collector, 
a  description  of  which  may  be  of  interest  to 
Johnsonians. 

It  consists  of  a  card,  about  4§  inches  by 
31  inches,  on  the  face  of  which  is  written — 
apparently  in  Mrs.  Thrale's  hand — a  copy  of 
the  Latin  verses  '  In  Theatro,'  composed  by 
Dr.  Johnson  while  attending  an  oratorio  at 
Covent  Garden  Theatre  with  Mrs.  Thrale  in 
1771. 

On  the  reverse  is  an  English  paraphrase  of 
the  verses — unmistakablj7  in  Mrs.  Thrale's 
handwriting — made  by  her  at  Dr.  Johnson's 
request : — 

"  When  we  were  got  home,  however,  he  repeated 
these  verses,  which  he  said  he  had  made  at  the 

oratorio,  and  he  bid  me  translate  them 1  gave 

him  the  following  lines  in  imitation,  which  he  liked 
well  enough,  I  think." — '  Anecdotes  of  the  late 
Samuel  Johnson,'  Piozzi,  London,  1786,  72-4. 

Above  the  Latin  verses  is  written  in  Bos- 
well's  handwriting,  "By  Samuel  Johnson, 
LL.D."  ;  above  the  English  verses  [translated] 
"By  Mrs.  Thrale,"  and  below  them,  ''Mrs. 
Thrale  gave  me  this,  1775,  James  Bos  well." 


In  the  manuscript  the  Latin  verses  appear 
exactly  as  published  by  Mrs.  Piozzi  in  the 
'Anecdotes,'  and  as  reproduced  by  Dr.  George 
Birkbeck  Hill  in  his  'Johnsonian  Miscellanies  ' 
N.Y.,  1897,  i.  19C-8.  In  the  English  para- 
phrase, however,  there  are  variations  in 
three  out  of  the  four  verses  which  may  make 
a  comparison  of  them  of  some  interest. 

The  manuscript  verses  are  as  follow  :  — 

When  sixty  years  have  chang'd  thee  quite, 

Still  can  theatric  Scenes  delight  ? 

Ill  suits  this  Place  with  learned  Wight 

May  Belts  or  Coulson  cry. 
The  Scholars  pride  can  Brent  disarm  ? 
His  heart  can  soft  Guadagni  warm  ? 
Or  Scenes  with  sweet  delusion  charm 

The  Climacteric  Eye  ? 
The  social  Club,  or  lonely  Towr, 
Far  better  suit  thy  Midnight  Hour. 
Let  each  according  to  his  Powr 

In  Worth  or  Wisdom  shine  ! 
And  while  Play  pleases  idle  Boys, 
And  wanton  Mirth  fond  Youth  employs, 
To  fix  the  Mind  and  free  from  Toys 

That  useful  Task  be  thine  ! 

The  verses  as  published  by  Mrs.  Piozzi  read  : 
When  threescore  years  have  chill'd  thee  quite, 
Still  can  theatric  scenes  delight  ? 
Ill  suits  this  place  with  learned  wight, 

May  Bates  or  Coulson  cry. 
The  scholars  pride  can  Brent  disarm  ? 
His  heart  can  soft  Guadagni  warm  ? 
Or  scenes  with  sweet  delusion  charm 

The  climacteric  eye  ? 
The  social  club,  the  lonely  tower, 
Far  better  suit  thy  midnight  hour ; 
Let  each  according  to  his  power 

In  worth  or  wisdom  shine. 
And  while  play  pleases  idle  boys, 
And  wanton  mirth  fond  youtji  employs, 
To  fix  the  soul,  and  free  from  toys, 

That  useful  task  be  thine. 

Dr.  Hill  identifies  (Charlotte)  Brent  and 
jfuadagni  with  well-known  singers  of  the 
period.  Of  the  other  persons  named  in  the 
verses  he  writes  : — 

"  Bates  was  perhaps  Joah  Bates,  a  musician,  in 
vhose  orchestra  Herschel,  the  astronomer,  played 
irst  violin.  See  'Diet.  Nat.  Biog.' under  'Bates.' 

do  not  know  who  Coulson  was.  It  is  possible 
hat  he  was  Johnson's  friend,  the  Rev.  John 
Joulson,  Fellow  of  University  College,  Oxford 
'Letters,'  i.  323),  and  that  Bates  was  another 
cholar." 

It    hardly    seems    probable    that   a    pro- 
essional    musician  would    have    considered 
hat  a  theatre  at  the  time  of  a  performance 
f  an   oratorio   was  a  place  ill-suited  to  a 
'learned   wight."    But  accepting  the  name 
s   Betts,  as   written    by   Mrs.    Thrale,   and 
following    out    Dr.    Hill's    alternative    that 
Bates   was    another    scholar    of    University 
College,  the  present  writer  ventures  to  sug- 


162 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,    [lo*  s.  m.  MARCH  *,  1905. 


gest  a  possible  identity  with  Joseph  Betts, 
matriculated  at  University  College  in  1736, 
B.A.  1740,  M.A.  1743,  and  Savilian  Professor 
of  Geometry  1765-6.  He  was  a  contemporary 
of  the  Eev.  John  Coulson,  M.A.,  University 
College,  1746,  whom  Johnson  visited  at  times, 
and  with  whom  he  stayed  in  University 
College  in  June,  1775  ('Letters  of  Samuel 
Johnson,'  Hill,  Oxford,  1892,  i.  323). 

In  1764,  when  writing  to  William  Strahan 
regarding  the  entering  of  George  Strahan  as 
a  Commoner  of  University  College,  Johnson 
says,  "The  College  is  almost  filled  with  my 
friends,  and  he  will  be  well  treated  "  ('  Let- 
ters,'i.  113). 

Betts  died  in  1766,  however,  which  makes 
it  a  rather  far  cry  to  1771,  when  the  verses 
were  written.  Some  allowance  may  be  made 
for  Mrs.  Thrale's  poetical  licence  or  her  in- 
accuracy, and  since  Johnson's  acquaintance 
with  the  Thrales  began  before  the  date  of 
Betts's  death,  it  is  not  impossible  that  he 
may  himself  have  mentioned  the  two  names 
in  conjunction  to  Mrs.  Thrale.  At  a  later 
period  he  mentioned  Coulson  a  number  of 
times  when  writing  to  Mrs.  Thrale  from 
Oxford.  E.  P.  MEERITT. 

Boston,  U.S. 

BENSON   EARLE   HILL. 

A  PASSAGE  of  some  interest  in  one  of  the 
works  of  this  writer  induced  me  a  few  weeks 
since  to  inquire  into  the  details  of  his  career  ; 
and  after  some  difficulty  I  constructed  the 
following  notice. 

Benson  Earle  Hill  was  born  at  Bristol,  in 
or  about  the  year  1795,  and  was  educated  at 
the  establishment  of  Dr.  Watson  on  Shooter's 
Hill,  and  at  the  military  colleges  of  Marlow 
and  Woolwich.  On  20  March,  1809,  he  was 
appointed  second  lieutenant  in  the  Royal 
Regiment  of  Artillery  (London  Gazette,  1809, 
pt.  i.  375),  and  was  ordered  to  Ireland  in 
1810.  His  promotion  to  the  rank  of  first 
lieutenant  was  dated  17  March,  1812  (ib.t  1812, 
pt.  i.  854). 

Hill  was  appointed  in  the  following  June 
"  to  a  company  in  the  Kent  district " ;  and  in 
1814  he  was  sent  with  his  regiment,  under 
the  command  of  Sir  Edward  Pakenham,  to 
New  Orleans,  landing  again  in  England  on 
30  May,  1815.  His  regiment  was  stationed 
at  Ostend  from  6  to  26  June,  when  it 
marched  to  Brussels.  On  11  July  it  was 
at  Mons,  under  Sir  Alexander  Dickson,  and 
was  engaged  afterwards  in  reducing  the 
frontier  towns  of  Belgium  and  France.  In 
the  middle  of  September  he  returned  to 
Brussels  on  leave  to  witness  the  inauguration 
of  the  King  of  the  Netherlands.  He  saw  at 


the  end  of  that  month  the  Emperor  Alex- 
ander pass  through  Mons,  and  on  9  October 
he  was  presented,  as  being  on  the  staff  of 
Sir  Alexander  Dickson,  to  the  King  of  Prussia, 
at  Maubeuge. 

The  following  winter  Hill  was  quartered 
in  various  towns  near  the  frontiers,  and  in 
April,  1816,  he  obtained  leave,  owing  to  the 
death  of  a  near  relative,  to  return  from 
Valenciennes  to  England.  From  July,  1816, 
to  February,  1819,  he  was  housed  in  the  camp 
at  Shorncliffe  or  at  Archcliffe  Fort,  Dover, 
where  his  sister  Isabel  joined  him.  From  the 
latter  date  until  he  retired  from  the  army  on 
half-pay  (801.  a  year)  in  July,  1822,  he  was 
with  his  regiment  at  Woolwich,  living  with 
his  sister  in  a  cottage  in  Nightingale  Vale. 
During  this  period  he  made  constant  expe- 
ditions to  London  to  see  his  friends  on  the 
stage  or  to  join  in  amateur  theatricals,  and 
it  was  while  living  at  Woolwich  that  he 
entertained  Charles  Mathews  the  elder  in 
the  manner  described  by  Mrs.  Mathews 
('Memoirs  of  C.  Mathews,'  second  edition, 
1839,  iii.  126-42).  The  brother  in  the  summer 
of  1822  went  touring  about  the  kingdom  with 
Trotter's  company.  He  visited,  among  other 
places,  Worthing,  Cheltenham,  and  Windsor, 
where  he  met  Edmund  Kean.  In  1825  he 
was  in  Scotland,  in  1827  in  Ireland,  but  his 
theatrical  career  was  not  a  success,  and  their 
resources  were  diminishing.  Brother  and 
sister  were  together  in  London  from  Janu- 
ary, 1828,  to  September,  1841,  when  she 
went  to  Richmond  for  her  health.  He  is 
said  to  have  assisted  Theodore  Hook  in  the 
editorship  of  The  New  Monthly  Magazine  for 
a  short  time  ;  but  by  1841  they  were  in  the 
depths  of  poverty,  and  Miss  Helen  Faucit 
was  among  those  who  aided  them  in  their 
distress.  Isabel,  who  was  born  at  Bristol, 
21  August,  1800,  died,  after  struggling  against 
consumption  for  several  years,  in  January 
or  February,  1842,  and  was  buried  at  Old 
Brompton  Cemetery. 

A  gleam  of  sunshine  came  when  Hill  suc- 
ceeded in  December,  1841,  to  the  post  of 
editor  of  The  Monthly  Magazine,  but  it  soon 
died  away.  The  number  for  July,  1842,  was 
the  last  which  he  supervised,  and  at  very 
short  notice  F.  G.  T.  (Tomlins)  took  his  place. 
His  "last  employment  was  at  the  free  list  of 
the  Lyceum  Theatre."  He  caught  a  severe 
cold,  which  resulted  in  consumption  ;  and  his 
death  "in  London  at  an  obscure  abode,  in 
penury  and  distress,"  is  recorded  in  The  Gen- 
tleman's Magazine  for  November,  1845,  p.  543, 

The  works  of  his  composition  which  are 
entered  under  his  name  in  the  British  Museum 
Catalogue  are : — 


10*  8.  HI.  MARCH  4,  1905.]        NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


163 


1.  Recollections  of  an  Artillery  Officer :  Adven- 
tures in  Ireland,  America,  Flanders,  and  France. 
1836.    2  vols. 

2.  Home  Service  ;  or.  Scenes  and  Characters  from 
Life  at  Out  and  Head  Quarters.    1839.    2  vols. 

3.  Playing  About ;  or,  Theatrical  Anecdotes  and 
Adventures.    1840.    2  vols. 

4.  A  Pinch  of  Snuff:    Curious  Particulars    and 
Anecdotes  of  Snufftaking,  by  Dean  Snift,  of  Brazen- 
Nose.     1840. 

5.  The  Epicure's  Almanac,  or   Diary    of   Good 
Living.    1841.     Continued  for  1842  and  1843,  the 
latter  volume  being  in  great  part  a  reissue  of  its 
predecessor.    Hill  "was  born  in  a  city  renowned 
for  good  eating,"  and   makes  many  references  to 
dishes  popular  in  the  Western  Counties.      He  well 
remembered  "  in  his  youth  seeing  the  antique  domi- 
cile" of  Mrs.  Sarah  Lunn,  near  the  Abbey  at  Bath. 
Another  paragraph  refers  to  what  he  had  heard  in 
Sicily.    These  volumes  are  still  worth  turning  over. 

W.  P.  COURTNEY. 


THE  EGYPTIAN  HALL,  PICCADILLY. 
THE  fiat  has  gone  forth,  and  in  a  short 
time  this  popular  place  of  amusement  -will 
have  ceased  to  exist.  In  The  Daily  Telegraph 
of  Saturday,  21  January,  Mr.  Maskelyne's 
advertisement  reads : — 

"Egyptian  Hall. — Last  two  Performances  at  this 
world-famed  hall  previous  to  its  demolition.  Estab- 
lished 31  years.  Lessee.  Mr.  J.  N.  Maskelyne. 
Mr.  Martin  Chapender's  Season.  To-day,  at  3  and  8, 
Mr.  Nelson  Jackson,  the  brilliant  humourist  :  Mr. 
Walter  Graham,  the  human  marionette ;  Miss 
Eileen  Elyce,  elocutionist ;  Gems  of  animated 
photography ;  Mr.  Maskelyne's  latest  illusion, 

*  Well    I  'm ! ! '    '  The    Miser '    (a    phantasy) ; 

and  Mr.  Martin  Chapender,  the  celebrated  con- 
jurer." 

When  the  doors  closed  after  the  evening 
entertainment,  the  last  of  the  Egyptian  Hall 
as  a  place  of  absolutely  irreproachable  amuse- 
ment had  been  seen ;  and  The  Daily  Telegraph 
of  the  following  Monday  contained  this 
announcement : — 

"  The  Egyptian  Hall  is  closed  for  demolition. 
Mr.  Maskelyne  has  Removed  to  his  New  Home  of 
Mystery,  St.  George's  Hall,  \V.  (adjoining  the 
Queen's  Hall)." 

It  is  well  to  be  able  to  fix  definitely  the  date 
of  closing,  as  after  a  very  short  time  it  is 
frequently  difficult  to  do  so. 

The  Egyptian  Hall  is  numbered  170,  Picca- 
dilly, and  dates  from  1812,  when  it  was  built 
from  the  designs  of  Mr.  G.  F.  Robinson,  its 
cost  being  16,000?.  It  is  said  to  be,  in  part 
at  least,  an  imitation  of  the  great  temple  oi 
Dendera,  in  Upper  Egypt.  The  first  tenant 
•was  Mr.  Bullock,  who  exhibited  here  for 
seven  years  his  celebrated  museum,  which 
•was  dispersed  in  1819.  The  building  soon 
took  a  recognized  position  among  places 
of  amusement,  and  in  succession  was  occu- 
pied by  many  interesting  exhibitions. 


A  model  of  the  Pyramids  and  some  other 
Egyptian  monuments  were  here  in  1821.  In 
1825  a  Frenchman — M.  Claude  Seurat — who 
elected  to  be  known  as  the  "  Living  Skeleton, 
or  the  Anatomie  Vivante,"  was  shown  here. 
Df  this  natural  freak  some  particulars  will 
DC  found  in  Hone's  '  Every-Day  Book.'  The- 
Egyptian  Hall  early  became  noted  as  a  place 
'or  the  exhibition  of  pictures,  and  Haydon's 
painting  of  '  The  Mock  Election '  -was  sold  to 
3eorge  IV.  "for  800  guineas,  to  the  great 
joy  of  the  painter,  in  1828."  The  Siamese 
Twins  were  on  view  here  in  1829,  and  agaiu 
in  1869. 

In  1841  Catlin's  North  American  Gallery 
was  opened  here.    The  fine  painting  by  Sir 
3eorge    Hayter    of    'The    First    Reformed 
Parliament'   was    exhibited    here    in    1843. 
Perhaps  the  oddest  of  many  odd  inventions 
was  to  be  seen  here  in  1845;  it  was  known  as 
the  Eureka,  a  machine  for  composing  Latin 
hexameter    verses.      General    Tom    Thumb 
(Charles  S.  Stratton),  the  celebrated  dwarf, 
was  exploited  here  by  the  prince  of  showmen 
P.  T.  Barnum  in  1846,  and  again  at  a  later 
period.    In  the  former  year  Haydon  had  two 
pictures  here ;   they  were,  however,  scarcely 
noticed,  while  thousands  rushed   to  see  the- 
midget  "  General."    Some  interesting  facts- 
concerning  these  two  diverse  exhibitions  may 
be  seen  in  the  '  Life  of  Haydon.'    The  first  of 
the  moving  panoramas,   'Banvard's   Missis- 
sippi,'   was  opened    here  in   1846 ;    it  was 
succeeded  in  1850  by  '  Fremont's  Overland 
Route  to  California'  and  by  'Bonomi's  Nile.'' 
On  15  March,  1852,  Albert  Smith  gave  his 
popular   entertainment  of    'The  Ascent    of 
Mont  Blanc'  for  the  first  time,  and  patrons 
continued  to  flock  to  it  for  several  years.    His 
entertainment  on  'China'  did  not  draw  the 
town  as  the  previous  one  had  done.     I  can 
remember  being  taken  as  a  schoolboy  to  his 
entertainments.    He  was  followed  by  quite  a 
number  of  entertainers,  chief  among  them 
being  Col.  Stodare,  a  conjurer  of  considerable- 
ability,  who  introduced  the  "Sphinx,"  the 
"  Basket  Trick,"  and  other  notable  illusions  ; 
and   Mr.  J.  K.  Lord,  who   gave  an   enter- 
tainment under  some  such  title  as  'The  Canoe, 
the  Rifle  and  Axe,'  which  was  fairly  popular. 
Arthur  Sketchley  (George  Rose)  gave  here  a 
variety  of  sketches  in  which  the  celebrated 
"Mrs.  Brown  "  was  the  centre  figure.  Artemus 
Ward  was  here  in  1866  with  his  panorama — 
"rather  worse  than  panoramas  usually  are" — 
and  his  travels  among  the  Mormons  as  told 
by  him  are  fondly  remembered  yet  by  most 
of  those  who  heard  his  quaint  conceits  and 
funny  allusions  to  people  and  places.    He  had 
chambers  opposite  the  hall,  and  many  were 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [ioth  s.  HI.  MARCH  4, 1905. 


the  droll  anecdotes  told  over  the  supper 
table  by  him  and  his  manager,  the  late 
E.  P.  Kingston.  About  1874  Messrs.  Maske- 
lyne &  Cooke  came  here,  and  only  just  now 
has  their  entertainment  finished,  and  with  it 
the  final  closing  of  the  hall  has  taken  place, 
it  was  here  that  the  box  trick  was  introduced, 
which  has  mystified  many  thousands  of  sight- 
seers. Mr.  Maskelyne,  at  his  first  appearance 
here  (which  I  very  well  remember),  wished  to 
stay  at  the  Egyptian  Hall  for  a  year,  so  that 
he  might  return  to  the  provinces  with  a 
reputation  made  in  London.  The  reputation 
has  been  made,  but  since  that  time  the 
provinces  have  seen  but  little  of  this  marvel- 
lously ingenious  man.  He  introduced  many 
truly  wonderful  illusionsduringhisoccupancy 
of  this  hall,  not  the  least  remarkable  being 
"Psycho,"  the  whist-playing  automaton,  the 
popularity  of  which  was  run  very  close  by 
"  Mephisto,"  a  figure  playing  the  cornet,  and 
"Zoe,"  which  made  exceedingly  interesting 
sketches  of  public  characters. 

The  list  given  of  the  entertainments  in  the 
•two  larger  rooms  is  in  no  sense  exhaustive, 
and  in  addition  to  those  already  mentioned, 
I  may  add  that  in  1861  the  pictures  known 
as  the  "Victoria  Cross  Gallery  "  were  on  view  • 
in  1865  Chang,  the  Chinese  giant,  a  native  of 
OFychow,  and  Chung  Mow,  a  dwarf,  were  to  be 
seen  ;  and  in  1868  Frederic  Maccabe  gave 
his  well-known  entertainment  '  Begone,  Dull 
Care,'  and  this  performer  in  his  fourfold 
capacity  of  author,  pianist,  vocalist,  and 
character  delineator  has  had  very  few 
equals.  It  may  also  be  put  on  record  that 
Mr.  Maskelyne  a  manager,  when  the  firm  was 
•"  Maskelyne  &  Cooke,"  was  Mr.  William 
Morton,  of  Southport,  who  afterwards  became 
the  proprietor  of  Morton's  Theatre  at  Green- 
wich. 

It  may  be  well  to  state  that  The  Daily 
Telegraph  of  Monday,  13  February,  records 
among  the  deaths  :  "  Cooke.  —  On  the  2nd 
inst,  at  The  Gables,  Whitton  Road,  Twicken- 
ham, George  Alfred  Cooke,  late  of  the  Egyp- 
tian Hall,  aged  seventy -nine."  He  thus 
passed  away  within  a  fortnight  of  the  closing 
of  the  hall. 

Many  will  regret  the  disappearance  of  the 
Egyptian  Hall ;  for  during  nearly  a  century 
it  held  an  almost  unique  place  in  the  world 
of  London.  Its  end  had  long  been  looked  for  ; 
its  fate  was  inevitable,  as  there  was  no  room 
to  rebuild  it  in  conformity  with  the  require- 
ments of  the  London  County  Council.  Some 
structural  alterations  were  made  a  few  years 
ago,  but  at  the  time  they  were  felt  to  be 
inadequate,  though  nothing  more  could  be 
done.  Places  of  amusement  should  be,  above 


all  things,  safe,  and  it  had  been  long  felt  that 
that  term  could  hardly  be  applied  to  this 
building,  so  its  closing  cannot  be  altogether 
deplored.  W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY. 

Westminster. 


QUEEN  ANNE  AS  AMATEUR  ACTRESS.  —  By 
way  of  illustrating  the  carelessness  with 
which  our  early  theatrical  records  were  first 
compiled,  and  of  demonstrating  the  necessity 
of  taking  nothing  in  the  old  chroniclers  on 
trust,  I  beg  leave  to  pillory  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  a  fla- 
grant example  of  old-time  blundering.  Chet- 
wood,  in  his  '  General  History  of  the  Stage  ' 
(London,  1749),  gives  a  full  account  of  Joseph 
Ashbury,  for  long  the  conductor  of  the 
Dublin  Theatre.  Dealing  with  1713,  at  p.  84, 
the  old  prompter  adds,  in  a  foot-note  : — 

"  Mr.  Ashbury  taught  the  Queen,  when  she  was 
Princess  Anne,  the  Part  of  Semandra  in  'Mithri- 
dates,  King  of  Pont  us,'  which  was  acted  at  Court 
by  Persons  of  the  first  Rank  in  the  Banqueting- 
House,  Whitehall,  where  Mr.  Ashbury  was 
Prompter,  and  conducted  the  Whole." 

All  tin's  reads  precise  and  circumstantial, 
but  one  has  one's  doubts  aroused  by  the  fact 
that  Colley  Cibber,  in  dealing  with  Mrs. 
Betterton  in  his  'Apology  '  (1740,  p.  96),  had 
previously  credited  her  with  the  honour  of 
having  coached  the  princess  in  the  character. 

Lee's  tragedy  'Mithridates,  King  of  Pontus,' 
was  licensed  for  printing  on  28  March,  1678, 
and  presumably  produced  at  Drury  Lane  a 
month  or  two  earlier.  On  15  November, 
1681,  it  was  performed  at  Edinburgh  by 
ladies  of  honour  in  celebration  of  the  queen's 
birthday.  In  Scott's  'Dryden'  (vol.  x.)  an 
epilogue  to  '  Mithridates '  is  quoted  from  the 
Luttrell  Collecjtion  as  spoken  by  Goodman 
and  Mrs.  Cox,  and  the  note  adds  that  it  was 
"  the  first  play  acted  at  the  Theatre  Royal 
[London?],  1681."  Presumably  by  "Theatre 
Royal,"  Drury  Lane  is  referred  to,  and  not 
the  king's  private  playhouse  at  Whitehall. 

On  6  February,  1685/6,  Peregrine  Bertie 
wrote  to  the  Countess  of  Rutland  saying, 
"  Thursday  was  acted  'Mithridates,'  for  the 
Queen,  and  Goodman  played.  To-day  is 
'Othello.'" 

This  performance  doubtless  took  place  at 
Court.  A  subsequent  letter  in  the  same 
correspondence  (Hist.  MSS.  Coram  ,  Reports 
on  'The  Rutland  Papers'),  written  eleven 
days  later,  says,  "To-night  will  be  the  last 
play  at  Court,  they  tell  mee  'tis  the  '  Mocke 
Astrolager.' " 

Is  any  clue  extant  to  the  date  of  the 
Princess  Anne's  appearance  as  Semandra? 

W.  J.  L. 

Dublin. 


10*8.  III.  MARCH  4, 1905.]       NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


165 


CONGREVE'S  BIRTHPLACE.  —  A  paragraph 
in  The  Irish  Times  of  2  July,  1904,  seems 
worth  preserving  in  the  columns  of  'X.  &,  Q.' 
Whether  it  settles  the  question  "once  for  all," 
it  is  hard  to  decide  : — 

"  There  has  long  been  considerable  dispute  as  to 
the  birthplace  of  Congreve  the  dramatist.    He  had 
no  knowledge  of  it  himself,  and  couldn't  even  give 
the  date  of  his  birth.     Malone  was  the  first  to 
discover  that  the  little  Yorkshire  village  of  Bardsey 
had  the  best  claim  to  the  title,  and  a  visitor  who 
has  inspected  the  old  parish  register  there  says 
there  can  be  little  doubt  as  to  Bardsey  being  the 
birthplace  of  the  dramatist.    Cougreve's  baptism 
is  thus  recorded  in  the  register: — 
William,    the   sonne    of    Mr.    William  ) 
Congreve,    of    Bardsey   Grange,     was    >  1669 
baptized  Febru  10th  J 

This  record  would  also  seem  to  establish  the 
paternity  of  the  dramatist,  who  has  often  been 
described  as  a  son  of  Richard  Congreve,  of  Con- 
greve, Staffordshire.  Congreve's  mother  was  on 
a  visit  to  her  uncle  Sir  John  Lewis,  at  Bardsey, 
when  her  son  was  born." 

HERBERT  B.  CLAYTON. 
39,  Renfrew  Road,  Lower  Kennington  Lane. 

"  UGLY  RUSH."— Perhaps  you  will  think  it 
worth  recording  that,  on  the  authority  of 
Sir  John  Robinson  ('  Fifty  Years  of  Fleet 
Street'),  it  was  Henley  who  first  used  the 
expression  "  an  ugly  rush." 

GREVILLE  WALPOLE,  M.A.,  LL.D. 

Kensington,  W. 

QUARTERSTAVES.  —  In  an  account  (Star 
Ch.  Pro.,  Ph.  &  M.,  i.  22)  of  an  affray  at 
Wykington,  in  South  Tawton,  Devon,  it  is 
complained  that  one  Henry  Randall 
"  did  bete,  wounde,  and  evell  entreate  your  orator 
so  that  he  was  in  dispere  of  his  lyef,  and  with  a  staf 
pnjce  iiijd.,  wyche  the  said  Henry  had  in  his  ryght 
hand,  upon  the  left  hand  of  your  Orator  did  stryke 
and  broke  the  yonnt  and  bone  of  the  thirde  finger," 
&c. 

This  suggests  to  me  the  question  whether— 
for  the  regulation  perhaps  of  quarterstaff 
contests— the  prices  and  relative  sizes  of  the 
staves  were  fixed  by  statute.  I  do  not  find 
anything  to  the  point  in  the  '  Liber  Albus ' 
or  in  the  index  to  'Statutes  of  the  Realm.' 
ETHEL  LEGA-WEEKES. 

THE  FITZWILLIAMS.— In  the  last  volume 
of  The  Ancestor  (No.  xii.  p.  Ill)  Mr.  Oswald 
Barren  makes  a  serious  blunder  in  describing 
Aubreye,  the  wife  of  Robert,  son  of  Pulk  de 
Lizours,  as  widoiv  of  Henry  de  Lacy,  and 
Robert  de  Lacy  (the  last  of  the  old  line  of 
De  Lacy)  as  Aubreye's  son.  She  was,  of  course, 
Henry's  sister,  and  sister  of  Ilbert  de  Lacy, 
as  she  is  described  in  the  Pipe  Roll  of  31 
Henry  I.  (p.  8),  and  Robert  was  her  nephew. 
A  few  lines  further  on  Mr.  Barren,  somewhat 


hastily,  condemns  Thoroton,  the  historian  of 
Nottinghamshire,  to  "take  his  place  with 
discredited  pedigree-mongers,"  because  he 
assigns  to  Godric,  the  ancestor  of  the  Fitz- 
williams,  a  father  named  Chetelbert,  on  the- 
strength  of  an  entry  in  the  Pipe  Rolls  (not  of 
King  Stephen's  reign,  as  Mr.  Barron  quotes, 
but  of  31  Henry  I.)  of  a  certain  Gpdric,  son 
of  Chetelbert,  a  free  tenant  in  Yorkshire. 
If  Mr.  Barron  will  refer  to  Burton's  '  Monas- 
ticon  Eboracense '  (pp.  330,  332),  he  will_  find 
mention  of  a  grant  by  Godric,  son  of  Ketel- 
bern,  to  the  monks  of  Byland  of  iron  ore- 
and  fuel  in  Emley ;  the  confirmation  of  this- 
grant  by  William,  son  of  Godric ;  and  a. 
further  grant  by  William  Fitzwilliam,  lord 
of  Emley,  of  lands  in  Bentley,  Denby,  and 
Emley,  manors  which  formed  part  of  th» 
Fitzwilliams'  inheritance— Emley  having  de- 
scended to  William  Fitzwilliam  from  hi» 
father,  William,  son  of  Godric,  whilst  Bent- 
ley,  Denby,  Sprptborough,  and  other  manors 
descended  to  him,  through  his  mother,  from, 
the  Lizours.  W.  FARRER.. 

Over  Kellet. 

THE  LATE  DR.  H.  H.  DRAKE.  —  Your 
obituary  paragraph  (ante,  p.  140),  if  taken 
literally,  is  not  quite  accurate.  Dr.  Drak& 
was  descended  from  the  same  family  of 
Drake  as  Sir  Francis — the  Drakes  of  Crown- 
dale,  not  of  Ashe ;  but  he  certainly  could  nob 
be  descended  from  Sir  Francis  Drake,  for 
Prince,  in  his  '  Worthies  of  Devon '  (of  which 
the  first  edition  was  issued  in  1701),  says  of 
Sir  Francis  :  "This  great  person  left  no  issue- 
of  his  body,  though  he  was  once  married; 
but  his  name  and  family  is  preserved  by  his 
younger  brother's  issue,  Mr.  Thomas  Drake's, 
unto  whom  he  left  his  estate."  Dr.  Drake- 
was  not  only  proud  of  his  family  connexion 
with  the  renowned  Elizabethan  seaman,  but 
he  was  indefatigable  in  the  collection  of 
memoranda  concerning  the  family  of  Drake  ; 
and  his  zeal  in  this  direction  once  allowed 
him  to  become  the  victim  of  a  harmless  littl& 
pleasantry,  which  is  still  remembered  by 
some  in  the  Ever  Faithful  city  in  the  West 
Country  where  the  joke  was  perpetrated. 
But  that  is  another  story. 

FRED.  C.  FROST,  F.S.I. 

Teignmouth. 

CONTEMPT  FOR  THE  LAW  IN  A  WILL. — 
Thomas  Southam,  of  Charlecott,  co.  Warwick, 
yeoman,  baptized  5  March,  1636/7,  made  his 
will  12  December,  1684  :— 

"Being  not  auntient  in  years,  yet  aged  in  respect 
of  infirmities  of  body  which  the  Lord  hath  been, 
pleased  to  visit  me  withall,  being  messengers  of 
death  sent  unto  me  to  admonish  me  to  sett  my 
house  in  order,  yet  being  of  perfect  mind  and  good 


166 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,    cio*  s.  m.  MARCH  4,  IQOS. 


sind  well  disposing  memory  (praysed  be  Allmyghty 
<jrod  therefore),  doe  make  and  ordaine  this  my  last 
will  and  testament  in  manner  following." 

He  then  expresses  the  usual  Christian  senti- 
ments of  the  period,  gives  the  conditions  of 
the  will,  and  finishes  up  : — 

"  This  is  my  lafet  will  and  testament  (and  I  revoke 
-all  wills  formerly  made  by  me  whatsoever),  and 
whether  it  be  law  or  not  this  shall  stand  and  noe 
law  whatsoever  shall  alter  it." 

It  was  proved  24  January,  1684/5. 

HERBERT  SOUTH  AM. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  sent  to  them 
direct. 

"PERIT."—  Some  eight  years  ago  I  received 
most  valuable  help  from  some  of  your  readers 
and  others  in  elucidating  the  English  use  of 
the  word  droit.  The  history  of  the  word 
remains  a  mystery.  (See  8th  S.  x.  255,  278, 
305,  338,  383,  and  'N.E.D.,'  s.v.)  I  am  now 
investigating  the  name  of  the  still  more 
infinitesimal  twentieth  part  of  a  droit, 
variously  spelt  "perit,"  "perrit,"  "perrot," 
<4  periot."  The  weight  is  thus  given  in  various 
works  of  the  seventeenth  and  eighteenth 
centuries,  e.g.,  Bradley's  '  Family  Dictionary ' 
of  1725,  s.v.  'Weight':  "The  Moneyers  sub- 
divide the  grain  thus  :  1  grain  contains  20 
mites,  1  mite  24  droits,  1  droit  20  perrots, 
1  perrot  24  blanks,"  the  perit  being  thus 
gJ^,  and  the  blank  -^oVoo-  of  a  grain. 
When  I  wrote  before,  one  correspondent 
suggested  for  this  seriesof  diminutive  weights 
a  Dutch  origin.  That  they  were  at  least 
known  in  Holland  appears  from  a  passage 
in  Murray's  '  Handbook  to  North  Germany ' 
<ed.  1838,  p.  40),  in  reference  to  the  "  Tulipo- 
mania " :  "  These  tulip  roots  were  never 

bought  or  sold,  but the  bulbs,  and  their 

division  into  perits,  became  like  the  different 
stocks  in  our  public  funds,  and  were  bought 
and  sold  at  different  prices  from  day  to  day." 

I  recently  spoke  about  the  possible  use  of 
these  minute  weights  to  a  distinguished 
mathematician,  who  expressed  to  me  his 
opinion  that  they  were  merely  a  cumbrous 
mode  of  expressing,  with  considerable  exact- 
ness, fractions  of  a  grain,  which  we  now 
more  simply  do  by  places  of  decimals. 
Each  place  of  decimals  is  really  a  new 
denomination  =  fa  of  the  preceding,  only 
we  do  not  speak  of  it  as  such,  or  give  it  a 
distinctive  name,  like  mite,  or  droit,  or  perit, 
and  this  subdivision  can  by  a  decimal  notation 


be  carried  to  infinity,  whereas  the  seven- 
teenth-century system  went  down  only  to 
the  equivalent  of  5  places  of  decimals.  Thus 
the  seventh  part  of  a  grain  is  decimally 
xpressed  by  the  circulating  decimal  '142857, 
whereas  in  the  seventeenth  century  it  would 
have  been  expressed  as  2  mites,  20  droits, 
11  perits,  10-|  blanks.  The  French  centigram 
is  equal  nearly  to  0154323488  grain,  where 
the  value  of  the  last  decimal  figure  8  is  a 
weight  equal  to  TITS'OOOOOO'  °f  a  Rrain,  or  less 
than  3"]-o  of  a  "  blank,"  or  T^STI  of  a  "  perit." 
The  subdivision  of  the  grain  was  evidently 
founded  on  thatof  the  troy  ounce  in  to  20  penny- 
weights of  24  grains,  the  proportions  20  and 
24  being  repeated  twice  over  below  the  grain. 
Mr.  R.  J.  Whitwell  tells  me  that  he  has  found 
an  example  of  the  word  droit  in  a  document 
dated  about  1564,  but  not  the  smaller 
weights,  perits  and  blanks.  Any  further 
information  as  to  origin  and  history  of  the 
system  will  be  most  welcome. 

J.  A.  H.  MURRAY. 
Oxford. 

IRRITABILITY  OF  CHARACTER.— Voici  une 
anecdote  que  raconte  Monsieur  Ramon  de 
Mesonero  Romanes  dans  son  livre  '  Memorias 
de  un  Setenton '  (Madrid,  MDCCCXXX.,  pp.  96- 
97):- 

"Deseando  Wellington  (no  se  si  por  impulse 
propio  6  por  excitacion  agena)  tener  su  _ retrato 
pintado  por  el  celebre  Goya,  pasu,  acompaiiado  de 
su  amigo  predil'ecto,  el  general  Alava,  a  casa  del 
artista  que,  como  es  sabido,  era  una  quinta  de 
recreo  y  de  labor  orillas  del  Mauzanares,  camino 
de  San  Isidro.  Sabe  todo  el  mundo  tambien  la 
excentricidad  y  braveza  del  caracter  de  Goya,  que 
le  habia  grangeado  tanta  popularidad  como  sus 
mismas  obras,  y  que  esta  condicion,  verdadera- 
mente  excepcional,  se  habia  exacerbado  con  una 
sordera  tan  profunda  que  no  alcanzaba  a  oir  d 
cuatro  pasos  el  estampido  de  un  canon.  Pues  bien, 
dadas  estas  premisas,  presentose  el  Lord  acompa- 
uado de  Alava,  en  el  estudio  de  Goya,  a  quien  le 
bastaba  una  hora  de  sesion  para  bosquejar  un 
retrato,  y  este  puso  inmediatamente  manos  ;i  la 
obra.  Cuando  ya  lo  crey6  en  estado  de  poderle 
ensenar,  lo  presento  al  Lord,  el  cual,  6  sea  por 
escasa  iuteligencia,  o  sea  por  natural  despego,  hizo 
un  gesto  despreciativo  y  afiadio  no  pocas  palabras 
expresivas  de  que  no  le  gustaba  el  retrato  ;  que  era 
uu  verdadero  mamarracho,  y  que  no  podia  aceptarlo 
de  modo  alguno  ;  todo  lo  cual  decia  en  ingles  al 
general  Alava  para  que  lo  trasladase  al  artista  por 
conducto  de  su  hijo  don  Javier  que  estaba  presente, 
y  por  el  lenguage  de  los  dedos  que  era  el  \inico  que 
podia  servir  a  Goya— -Observaba  este  con  recelo  y 
disgusto  los  gestos  del  Lord  y  sus  contestaciones 
con  Alava ;  y  el  hijo  de  Goya,  persona  muy 
instruida  y  que  conocia  la  lengua  inglesa,  se  negaba 
politicamente  a  poner  en  conocimiento  de  su  padre 
ninguna  de  las  apreciaciones  ni  palabras  del  Lord, 
procurando  convencer  a  este  de  su  equiyocado 
concepto  respecto  a  la  pintura  ;  pero  ni  las  juiciosas 


10*  s.  in.  MARCH  4, 1905.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


167 


•observaciones  del  Don  Javier,  ni  la  prudente  in- 
tervencion  del  general  Alava  bastaban  a  mitigar  la 
•desdenosa  y  altiva  actitud  de  Wellington,  como  ni 
tampoco  los  accesos  mal  repriniidos  de  ira  que  se 
dibujaban  en  el  rostro  del  artista ;  y  a  todo  esto 
Don  Javier,  que  observaba  al  uno  y  al  otro  ;  que 
veia  ii  su  padre  echar  siniestras  ojeadas  a  las  pis- 
tolas— que  tenia  siempre  cargadas  sobre  la  mesa— 
y  que  temia  un  desenlace  espantoso  de  aquel  con- 
flicto,  no  sabia  ;i  cual  acudir,  hasta  que  vio  levan- 
tarse  al  Lord  con  mucha  arrogancia  y  ponerse  el 
sombrero  en  actitud  de  partir.  Entonces  Goya, 
sin  poderse  ya  contener,  echo  mano  a  las  pistolas, 
mientras  el  Lord  requeria  el  puiio  de  su  espada,  y 
solo  merced  a  los  gigantescos  esfuerzos  del  general 
Alava,  diciendole  que  el  artista  estaba  atacado  de 
«nagenacion  mental,  y  los  del  hijo  de  Goya  conte- 
niendo  por  fuerza  la  mano  de  su  padre,  pudo  al  fin 
terminar  una  escena  lamentable,  que  acaso  hubiera 
atajado  inopinadamente  la  serie  de  triunfos  del 
yencedor  de  los  Arapiles,  del  heroe  future  de 
V  itoria,  de  Toulouse  y  Waterloo." 

En  feuilletant  1'histoire  il  ne  serait  peut- 
£tre  pas  difficile  de  trouver  des  faits  pareils, 
ou^des  personnages  de  grande  notoriete'  ont 
«te  sur  le  point  de  perdre  leur  position  et 
meme  1'existence  pour  de  futiles  raisons. 

Peut-on  me  citer  ces  faits  dans  1'histoire 
de  1'Europe  ?  FLORENCIO  DE  UHAGON. 

46,  Gran  Via,  Bilbao,  Spain. 

"BOTTLEMAN."— The  following  letter  was 
received  in  1837.  Can  any  one  tell  me  what 
were  the  duties  of  "a  bottleman"  on  this 
occasion  1 — 

Guildhall,  2nd  November,  1837. 
OIR, —  1  our  name  having  been  proposed  to  the 
Committee  appointed  to  conduct  the  entertain- 
ment to  Her  Majesty  in  the  Guildhall,  on  the  9th 
day  of  November,  instant,  in  order  that  you  may 
be  appointed  a  Bottleman  upon  that  occasion,  I 
am  directed  by  the  said  Committee  to  request 
that  you  will  attend  them  at  Guildhall  on  Tuesday 
next,  the  7th  instant,  at  eleven  o'clock  in  the 
forenoon  precisely. 

I  am,  Sir, 

Your  obedient  servant, 
HENRY  WOODTHORP*;. 
C.  L.  E.  C. 

[Bottleman  is  denned  in  the  'N.E.D.'  as  "a 
servant  or  official  who  has  charge  of  bottles,"  but 
the  word  is  marked  obsolete.  The  two  quotations 
given  belong  to  the  seventeenth  century.] 

Moscow  CAMPAIGN.— I  should  be  glad  to 
know  what  is  the  best  book  (in  English) 
dealing  with  the  Moscow  campaign.  I  want 
one  with  as  little  as  possible  of  the  political 
events,  but  with  full  information  of  the 
regiments  engaged,  the  battles,  &c. 

VALTYRE. 


TURING:  BANNERMAN.— Can  any  of  your 
readers  give  me  information  respecting 
the  parentage  of  Janet  Turing,  who  on 
9  bept,,  1750,  married  the  Rev.  David 
.bannerman,  who  on  2  June,  1810,  died, 


Father  of  the  Church  of  Scotland,  in  his 
ninety-eighth   year,  at  St.  Martin's,  Perth- 
shire ?  H.  C.  SURTEES,  Colonel. 
Bath  and  County  Club,  Bath. 

TRANSLATIONS  OF  DOMESDAY.  —  In  1862 
Vacher  &  Sons  announced  that  they  were 
prepared,  on  receipt  of  100  subscribers' 
names,  to  issue  an  extension  and  translation 
of  the  survey  of  any  particular  county.  Does 
such  an  extension  and  translation,  or  any 
indexed  edition,  exist  for  Notts  1  Q.  V. 

EIPLEY. — I  should  be  obliged  if  any  one 
could  furnish  me  with  an  accurate  description 
of  the  heraldic  seal  of  any  member  of  the  old 
Yorkshire  family  of  Ripley  of  Ripley,  which 
terminated  in  an  heiress  married  to  Sir 
Thomas  Ingelby,  Chief  Justice  of  the  King's 
Bench  in  the  reign  of  King  Edward  III. 
Has  any  pedigree  of  this  family  ever  been 
printed  ?  A.  CALDER. 

PERSEHOUSE  :  SABINE.— Can  you  or  any 
of  your  readers  give  me  information  of 
(1)  Ann  Persehouse,  who  married  a  vicar 
of  Tipton,  Staffs ;  (2)  the  Persehouse  who 
used  a  book-plate  for  some  at  least  of  his 
books  (his  date  was  after  1690),  and  the 
present  situation  of  any  part  of  his  library, 
now,  I  believe,  dispersed ;  (3)  the  John 
Richard  Churchill  Sabine  who  used  a  book- 
plate for  his  books  ?  P.  MONTFORT. 

SIR  JAMES  COTTER.— In  Harris's  'Life  of 
William '  (p.  xxxiv,  Appendix)  it  is  stated, 
"  This  is  he  who  murdered  Lord  Lisle  in 
Switzerland."  This  Cotter  was,  according  to 
The  Cork  Historical  and  Archaeological 
Journal,  April-June,  1904,  p.  109,  "of  Anne- 
grove,  county  Cork,  who  had  commanded  in 
chief  for  King  James  [II.]  in  Munster  during 
the  wars  of  1690-1.  He  had  been  Governor 
of  Cork  City,  and  represented  it  in  King 
James's  Irish  Parliament.  He  is  mentioned 
in  the  Carte  MSS.  as  a  collector  of  H.M. 
Revenue."  What  ground  had  Harris  for 
this  charge  of  murder  ?  Cotter  seems  to  have 
been  a  worthy  man,  and  incapable  of  such  a 
crime  ;  but  if  perpetrated  it  must  have  been 
due  to  political  rather  than  personal  motives. 
The  'D.X.B.'  has,  curiously  enough,  no  notice 

f  him  alphabetically,  though  it  does  mention 
that  a  Sir  James  Cotter  had  murdered  some 
one  in  Switzerland.  His  house  at  Annegrove, 
in  which  James  II.  is  stated  to  have  slept, 
is  still  standing  and  occupied,  and  he  is 
buried  some  five  or  six  miles  from  Cork.  A 
narrative  of,  or  references  to,  the  alleged 
murder  will  be  acceptable. 

J.  B.  McGovERN. 

St.  Stephen's  Rectory,  C.-on-M.,  Manchester. 


168 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.   [io<"  s.  HI.  MARCH  *,  wes. 


DE  MORGAN  :  TUBERVILLE  OR  TURBER- 
VILLE. — I  shall  be  grateful  for  any  informa- 
tion concerning  the  parentage  of  either  of 
the  following  individuals,  viz.,  Capt.  John  De 
Morgan,  who  was  in  the  H.E.I.C.  service 
early  in  the  eighteenth  century,  and  who 
died  in  1760,  and  his  wife  Anne,  daughter  of 

Tuberville  or  Turberville.     They  were 

married  at  Fort  St.  George,  India,  and  Mrs. 
De  Morgan  died  at  Negapatam  in  1747, 
leaving  issue,  amongst  others,  a  daughter, 
married  first  to  Capt.  John  Innes,  and 
secondly  to  Capt.  James  West,  A.D.C.  to 
Brigadier-General  Sir  William  Draper. 

H.  C.  SURTEES,  Colonel. 

Bath  and  County  Club,  Bath. 

COMPTER  PRISON.— At  what  date  did  the 
Poultry  Cornpter  Prison  cease  to  exist? 

C.  L.  E.  C. 

Alton. 

LUCAS  FAMILIES. — I  am  collecting  materials 
for  a  general  history  of  the  Lucas  families, 
and  shall  be  glad  of  any  assistance  in  the 
shape  of  pedigrees,  references  to  individuals, 
extracts  from  registers,  &c.  The  ordinary 
printed  sources  of  information  have  been 
exhaustively  searched. 

PERCEVAL  D.  LUCAS. 

39A,  Queen  Square,  W.C. 

SPUR-POST. — What  is  a  spur-post?  I  find 
the  word  in  a  small  but  very  good  French 
dictionary  (Leon  Contanseau's,  published 
by  Longmans,  n.d.)  as  one  of  the  English 
meanings  of  the  French  substantive  borne, 
s.f.,  bound,  boundary,  limit,  milestone,  spur- 
post.  T.  WILSON. 

Harpenden. 

ABBEY  OF  ST.  VALERY-SUR-SOMME. — Is  any 
cartulary,  or  other  collection  of  documents, 
relating  to  this  abbey,  in  existence?  I  do 
not  find  it  in  Ulysse  Robert's  'Inventaire 
des  Cartulaires  conserves  dans  les  Biblio- 
theques  de  Paris  et  aux  Archives  Nationales,' 
drc.,  1878 ;  nor  in  the  '  Supplement'  of  1879. 
EOBT.  J.  WHITWELL. 

Oxford. 

"  POMPELMOUS."— Pompelmous  or  pompel- 
moose,  the  obscure  name  of  a  well-known 
tree  and  its  fruit,  which,  it  is  hoped,  will  be 
investigated  and  illustrated  so  far  as  possible 
in  one  of  the  next  parts  of  the  great  'H.E.D.,' 
has  been  adopted  in  English,  French  (pam- 
plemousse\  and  German  (Pomjielmuse),  from 
the  Dutch  pampelmota  or  pampeloranje.  It 
is  said  to  have  been  the  forbidden  fruit  of 
Paradise,  and  is  also  called  sometimes 
grape-fruit  (rather  a  misnomer),  sometimes 
shaddock.  The  other  day,  when  I  first  saw 


in  a  grocer's  shop  one  of  these  fruits  (which 
appeared  to  me  like  a  Jamaica  orange,  though 
twice  or  thrice  as  large),  and  inquired  after 
its  price,  the  reply  was,  "  Not  for  sale/'  It 
was  evidently  exhibited  as  a  mere  specimen, 
or  show-fruit.  The  question  why  the  Dutch 
planters  in  Java  and  in  other  East  Indian 
colonies  originally  gave  the  name  pampelmo& 
to  this  curious  tree  and  fruit  may  well 
deserve  to  be  further  explained. 

"  DINKUMS."  —  A  defendant  in  a  recent 
police-court  case  at  Lincoln,  in  complaining 
that  the  case  had  been  tried  in  his  absence, 
said,  "I  loike  to  have  fair  doos,  and  it's  not 
fair  doos.  I  goa  straight  rai'sen,  and  I  like 
fair  dincums  [or  dinkums]."  What  are  the 
origin  and  meaning  of  the  latter  word  ? 

A.  R.  U 

BIDDING  PRAYER.— Could  you  or  any  of 
your  readers  inform  me  when  the  'Bidding 
Prayer,'  used  before  the  University  sermons 
at  Oxford,  was  first  compiled?  If  of  pre- 
Reformation  origin,  it  would  be  interesting 
to  know  if  it  was  used  during  the  Reforma- 
tion, being  so  clearly  a  prayer  for  those 
departed  this  life.  SOMERVILLE. 

SIBILLA  DE  GOURNAY.— Is  anything  further 
known  of  this  lady  than  what  is  contained 
in  the  '  History  of  the  De  Gournay  Family,' 
by  Mr.  Daniel  Gurney  (1848-58)?  She  was 
the  wife  of  Anselm  de  Gournay,  of  the 
Somersetshire  branch,  who  died  in  1286.  She 
is  said  to  have  survived  him  many  years, 
but  neither  the  date  nor  place  of  her  death 
is  given.  Is  there  any  record  of  either 
elsewhere  ? 

HERTFORDSHIRE  ICONOCLAST.— In  1643  the 
Earl  of  Manchester,  as  general  of  Hertford 
and  six  other  associated  counties,  appointed 
certain  fanatics  for  the  purpose  of  demolish- 
ing altars,  removing  candlesticks,  and  de- 
facing pictures  and  images  in  the  churches 
of  his  district.  The  counties  of  Suffolk  and 
Cambridge  were  appointed  to  Dowsing, 
should  be  very  glad  if  any  reader  could 
inform  me  who  was  the  person  appointed  for 
Hertfordshire.  H.  P.  POLLARD. 

Bengeo,  Hertford. 

SIR  ALEXANDER  GRANT'S  WILL.— The  will 
of  Sir  Alexander  Grant,  of  Dalvey,  who  died 
November,  1825,  is  neither  in  Edinburgh  nor 
at  Somerset  House.  Can  any  one  tell  me 
where  it  is  to  be  found  1 

(Mrs.)  HUGH  HAMMERSLEY. 

The  Grove,  Hampstead,  N.VV. 

SAMUEL  BUTLER.— I  desire  to  know  whether 
Samuel  Butler,  of  'Hudibras'  fame,  ever 


UPS.  III.  MARCH  4,  1905.]       NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


169 


resided  in  Milk  Street,  as  an  old  hook 
recently  brought  before  my  notice  bears  this 
simple  inscription  on  the  fly-leaf,  "  To  be 
left  at  the  house  of  Mr.  Butler,  Milk  Street," 
and  it  would  be  interesting  to  know  if  the 
book  was  intended  for  the  great  satirist. 

CONSTANCE  ISHERWOOD. 
Meppershall  Rectory,  Beds. 

SONG  WANTED. — Will  some  reader  kindly 
tell  me  the  title,  name  of  author,  and  name 
of  publisher,  of  the  song  which  contains  the 
following  phrases  ?— 

For  I  've  a  wife  in  Bristol  town, 

A  wife  and  children  three. 

And  she  keeps  watch  for  me. 

Who's  for  the  coach  to-night  ? 

W.  H.  PARKS. 
Paris. 

*'  CALL  A  SPADE  A  SPADE."— In  spite  of  the 
episcopal  dictum  that  its  synonym  is  "a 
sanguinary  shovel,"  I  incline  to  think  that 
the  spade  of  the  proverb  was  that  of  playing 
cards.  I  should  be  glad  of  evidence  for  or 
against  my  opinion.  FRANK  REDE  FOWKE. 

24,  Netherton  Grove,  Chelsea,  S.W. 

'THE LADY'S  MUSEUM':  'MODERN  LONDON, 
1804. — I  have  several  volumes  of  The  Lady's 
Museum,  illustrated,  date  1800-5  ;  also  a  book 
called  '  Modern  London,'  with  coloured  illus- 
trations of  the  cries  of  London,  and  numerous 
copper-plates,  date  1804.  Can  any  one  tell 
rue  their  value  ?  YLIMA. 

['Modern  London '  may  be  worth  from  one  to  two 
pounds,  but  all  depends  on  condition.  It  is  much 
better  to  ask  a  respectable  bookseller  than  to  apply 
to  us.  ] 

MILLAR'S  '  GEOGRAPHY.'— Is  the  following 
work  of  any  value?  "Millar's  The  New 
Complete,  Authentic,  and  Universal  System 
of  Geography,  being  a  Complete  Modern 
History  and  Description  of  the  Whole  World. 
By  George  Henry  Millar.  Printed  for  Alex. 
Hogg  at  the  King's  Arms,  No.  16,  Paternoster 
Row,  in  the  year  1779,  with  near  two  hundred 
Capital  Engravings,  containing  Europe,  Asia, 
Africa,  and  America  in  8  vols.  4  vols.  in 
each  book."  ROBT.  IBBETSON. 

[Apparently  not.  It  seems  unmentioned  in  works 
of  reference,  and  its  author  is  not  in  '  D.N.B.'] 

WOODEN  FONTS.— In  the  handbook  pub- 
lished by  the  Science  and  Art  Department 
on 'Buildings  having  Mural  Decorations,' it 
is  mentioned  that  the  wooden  font  at  Marks 
Tey  is  the  only  recorded  instance  in  England. 
Can  any  reader  say  if  there  are  other  ex- 
amples in  existence  ?  H.  P.  P. 


"THE  GENTLE  SHAKESPEARE." 
(10fh  S.  iii.  69  ) 

MR.  HUTCHINSON'S  faith  in  Shakspeare 
cannot  be  of  a  very  stable  kind,  if  it  is  upset 
by  such  considerations  as  he  brings  forward 
on  the  subject  of  the  word  "gentle"  when 
applied  to  Shakspeare. 

The  grant  of  arms  was  confirmed  to  John 
Shakspeare  in  1599,  and  his  son's  claim  to 
coat  armour  and  the  designation  of  "  gentle- 
man" were  certainly  admitted,  for  (1)  his 
arms  appear  on  his  monument ;  (2)  Edmund 
Howes,  in  1614,  giving  a  list  of  poets  of  his 
time,  speaks  of  Mr.  William  Shakespeare, 
gentleman.  Each  one  of  the  twenty-seven 
names  in  his  list  (unless  M.  George  Withers 
bo  an  exception)  has  its  proper  designation 
added — knight,  esquire,  or  gentleman.  (3) 
In  a  Foot  of  Fines  for  1610  he  is  styled 
yenerosus,  though  not  arniiger ;  he  appears 
again  as  "  gentleman  "  in  the  conveyance  of 
the  Blackfriars  house,  10  March,  1612/13,  and 
in  the  mortgage  deed  of  same  the  next  day  ; 
also  in  the  articles  of  agreement  respecting 
the  Stratford  tithes,  28  October,  1614;  in 
his  will ;  and  in  the  Stratford  burial  register 
for  25  April,  1616.  Is  that  sufficient  evidence 
for  the  legal  mind  ?  But,  of  course,  the  word 
': gentle"  in  Jonson's  verses  refers  also,  and 
mainly,  to  Shakspeare's  character  and  dis- 
position. The  preface  to  the  First  Folio  has 
the  epithet  again,  where  the  poet  is  called 
the  "most  gentle  expresser"of  nature,  and 
again  in  Jonson's  eulogy  : — 

Thy  art, 
My  gentle  Shakespeare,  must  enjoy  a  part. 

Jonson  repeats  the  adjective  a  third  (if  not  a 
fourth)  time  in  his  'Timber'  in  1630,  when 
speaking  "De  Shakespeare  nostrat."  But 
even  before  Jonson,  John  Davies,  of  Hereford, 
in  1603  had  written  of  Burbage  and  Shak- 
speare : — 

And  though  the  stage  doth  staine  pure  gentle  bloud, 
Yet  generous  yee  are  in  minde  and  moode. 

The  poet  Suckling,  writing  about  1640,  takes 
up  the  word  from  his  predecessor,  and  applies 
it  to  hia  friend  Shakspeare ;  while  Sir  John 
Denham,  in  1647,  comparing  Jonson  and 
Shakspeare,  credits  the  latter  with  the  "gen- 
tler muse." 

Other  epithets  applied  to  Shakspeare  by 
his  contemporaries  are  "sweet"  (1595), 
"friendly"  (1604),  "  deere-lov'd  "  (1607), 
"good"  (1611),  "honest"  (1611),  "worthy" 
friend  (1623),  "beloved"  (1623),  "open," 
'  free  "  (1630). 


170 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [ioth  s.  m.  MARCH  4,  iocs. 


Shakspeare  himself,  in  his  plays  and  poems, 
was  extremely  fond  of  the  word   "gentle." 
He  uses  it  nearly  400  times,  and  how  aptly 
to  the  present  purpose  will  be  seen  from  the 
following  :  "  We  must  be  gentle,  now  we  are 
gentlemen"  ('  Winter's  Tale,'  V.  ii.  164);  "He's 
gentle,  never  schooled  and  yet  learned  "  ('  As 
You  Like  It,' I.  i.  172); 
His  life  was  gentle,  and  the  elements 
So  mix'd  in  him  that  Nature  might  stand  up 
And  say  to  all  the  world,  This  was  a  man. 

'  Julius  Caesar,'  V.  v.  73-5. 
May  I  add  that  to  a  layman  like  myself 
the  vagaries  of  the  legal  mind  on  this  subject 
are  amazing?  Eminent  judges  and  other 
members  of  the  legal  profession  seem  no  less 
incapable  of  distinguishing  between  such 
utterly  incompatible  characters  as  Bacon  and 
Shakspeare  than  they  were  of  differentiating 
between  the  personality  and  physiognomy  of 
Adolf  Beck  and  the  convict  Smith.  It  utterly 
shakes  one's  belief  in  their  power  of  dis- 
tinguishing true  from  false. 

REGINALD  HAINES. 
Uppingham. 

I  may  remind  MR.  HUTCHINSON  that  Vice' 
Chancellor  Madden,  in  his  well-known  book 
'  The  Diary  of  Master  William  Silence,'  has 
suggested  that  this  epithet  was  especially 
applicable  to  the  poet  on  account  of  his 
evident  love  of  sport — of  hunting  the  hart 
and  hawking,  and  minute  knowledge  of  horses 
and  horsemanship — pursuits  generally  asso- 
ciated with  those  of  gentle  birth.  His  allu- 
sions to  such  matters  are  frequent,  and  in 
marked  contrast  to  the  lack  of  interest  dis- 
played towards  the  same  by  his  contemporary 
playwrights  and  by  Bacon.  When  one  of 
them  condescends  to  make  use  of  a  sporting 
term  it  is  generally  either  to  "  point  a  moral 
and  adorn  a  tale,"  or  to  manifest  the  writer's 
ingenuity,  and  not  as  of  one  to  the  manner 
born.  A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

It  is  quite  amazing  how  the  Baconian  will 
read  into  Ben  Jonson's  lines  a  meaning  which 
they  could  not  be  intended  to  have.  The 
lines  prefixed  to  the  Folio  of  1623  were 
addressed  to  William  Shakespeare  the  poet, 
and  Jonson's  other  tribute  "  to  the  Memory 
of  my  beloved  Master  William  Shakespeare 
and  what  he  hath  left  us,"  shows  that  he 
meant  it  for  the  poet  and  actor.  The  phrase 
"gentle  Shakespeare"  is  in  a  manner 
repeated  when  Jonson  addresses  him  as 
"  Sweet  Swan  of  Avon  !  "  How  could  such  a 
term  be  applied  to  Bacon,  who  was  supposec 
to  have  hidden  his  identity  under  the  name 
of  Shakespeare  ?  I  note  that  MR.  HUTCHIN 
SON  lays  stress  on  the  opinion  of  Mr.  Pit* 
Lewis,  K.C.,  "a  well-known  authority  on  the 


aw  of  evidence,"  who  tries  to  identify 
'  Shakespeare  "  as  Bacon,  and  maintains  that 
A\e  spelling  "  Shakespeare  "  was  employed  by 
3acon  as  his  "  pen-name,"  and  so  appeared 
printed  on  the  title-pages.  Now,  if  any  one 
will  take  the  trouble  to  turn  to  the  facsimile 
of  the  title-page  of  'Loves  Labour's  Lost' 
quarto,  1598),  reproduced  in  Mr.  Sidney 
Jee's  '  Life  of  Shakespeare,'  he  will  find  it 
^titled  : — 

A  |  Pleasant  I  Conceited  Comedie  [  called,  |  Loues 
abor's  lost.  |  As  it  was  presented  before  her 
iighnes  |  this  last  Christmas.  |  Newly  corrected 
and  augmented  I  By  W.'Shakespere.  |  Imprinted  at 
London  by  W.  W.  |  for  Cuthbert  Burby.  |  1598. 

Now  let  us  turn  to  Mr.  Pitt  Lewis,  K.C., 
p.  38  :— 

'In  the  year  just  named,  however -(1598),  the 
jlay  of  '  Love's  Labour 's  Lost '  was  shown  to  be 
;hen  an  old  play,  by  the  announcement  on  its  title- 
page  that  it  had  been 'presented  before  her  High- 
less  last  Christmas,'  and  that  it  had  been  newly 
corrected  and  enlarged  by  William  Shakespeare" 

Now,  as  Hamlet  says, 

Look  here,  upon  this  picture  and  on  this, 
and  then  consider  that  on  such  "  evidence  " 
and    such    inaccuracy    does    at    least    one 
Baconian  argument  depend.    D.  R.  CLARK. 

Glasgow. 

"  WALKYN  SILVER  "  (10th  S.  iii.  29,  95).— 
MR.  MACMICHAEL  offers  at  the  last  reference 
an  interpretation  of  this  phrase,  based  upon 
the  gloss  given  by  the  law  dictionaries  of  the 
term  "Walker."  "  Walkyn  silver"  occurs 
in  the  rentals  of  the  barony  of  Kendal,  co. 
Westmorland,  in  the  accounts  of  issues  of 
the  hamlet  of  Loughrigg.  Several  similar 
terms  occur  in  the  accounts  of  issues  of  the 
hamlets  of  Langdale  and  Grasmere.  and  in 
determining  the  meaning  of  "Walkyn  silver," 
it  may  be  convenient  to  consider  these  also. 
In  rentals  of  the  Lumley  fee  made  (A)  in 
1375  and  (B)  a  few  years  later  (undated), 
there  were,  in  addition  to  the  issues  of 
19  tenements,  9  cottages,  5  "  intakes,"  and 
1 "  plat"  (about  5l.  12s.  4d),  the  following  rents 
(A  and  B) :  for  brewing,  12d ;  for  a  forge,  12d  ; 
a  fulling  mill,  13s.  4<£.  ;  a  water  corn  mill, 
20s.  ;  "forest  sylver,"  31.  6s.  8d.  ;  the  fishing 
of  the  water,  2s.  Gd  ;  and  "  gold  sylver,"  13d 
(A  and  B)  In  Langdale,  9  tenements,  3  in- 
takes (about  31.  3s.  5d) ;  the  water  mill,  12s. ; 
pasture  of  [alibi  agistment  in]  the  forest 
called  "  forest  sylver,"  50s. ;  a  pasture  called 
Whelpstrothe,  5s. ;  a  certain  rent  called 
"yeld,"5s.  ;  the  tenants  there  for  their  "gold- 
wether,"  6d  (B)  In  Loughrigg,  10  messuages, 
1  toft,  5  cottages,  1  enclosure  (about  31s.  lid) ; 
all  the  tenants  used  to  render  yearly  12s.  for 
agistment  in  common,  and  render  nothing 


10*  S.  III.  MARCH  4,  1905.]       NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


171 


now  [it  was  paid  in  1455] ;  for  their  gold- 
wether,  Qd.  ;  for  "  walkyn  sylver,"  6s.  8d. ;  a 
fulling  mill,  3s.  4d.  ;  the  fishery  in  Rothmer 
[now  Rydal  water],  3s.  4d;  the  fishery  of 
Eathaw  [river],  6d. 

Forest  silver  is  defined  above,  and  also  in 
a  rental  of  1455,  as  a  yearly  payment  by  the 
tenants  of  these  hamlets  for  the  agistment 
of  their  animals  in  the  forest.  The  reference 
here  to  the  forest  is  explained  by  the  fact 
that  these  hamlets,  with  Applethwaite  and 
several  others,  had  been  purprestures  or 
encroachments  made  in  the  forest  of  Kendal 
'in  the  twelfth  century  with  the  approval 
of  the  lords  of  Kendal.  These  encroachments 
were  legalized  by  a  royal  charter  in  1190 
(Farrer's  'Lanes  Pipe  Rolls,'  399).  "Gold- 
sylver,"  or  "goldwether,"  was  a  payment  by 
the  tenants  for  the  service  of  rams  kept 
by  the  lord,  and  resembles  the  ''cowmale" 
paid  in  some  North  Lancashire  manors  for 
the  service  of  the  lord's  bull.  The  payment 
in  Langdale  called  "yeld,"  or  geld,  is  de- 
scribed in  the  rental  as  a  new  gersum  or 
fine  upon  entry  to  lands  ("de  una  nova 

gressumma  vocata  yeld  per  annum  de  Lang- 
en"),  and  seems  to  have  been  a  rent  paid 
for  agistment  in  some  place  where  the  tenants 
had  not  formerly  enjoyed  this  liberty.  The 
reference  to  a  rent  of  5s.  a  year  from  a 
pasture  called  Whelpstroth  proves  that  the 
lords  of  Kendal  held  in  demesne  a  several 
pasture  in  Langdale.  Two  different  inter- 
pretations of  "  walkyng  silver,"  as  it  is  de- 
scribed in  the  rental  of  1455,  may  be  offered. 
The  vast  numbers  of  sheep  bred  and  pas- 
tured upon  these  Westmorland  fells  then,  as 
now,  found  employment  for  many  weavers 
and  fullers  (or  walkers).  Many  hamlets  had 
their  fulling  mill  (or  walk  mill),  originally 
the  property  of  the  lord,  who  claimed  suit 
of  his  tenants  to  it — i.e.,  the  tenants  were 
bound  by  custom  to  take  their  cloth  to  the 
lord's  fulling  mill  to  be  fulled  or  felted  ; 
Cqtgrave  records  the  term  "  to  full,  or 
thicken  cloath  in  a  mill."  The  process  con- 
sisted in  rolling  the  cloth  with  stone  or 
wooden  rollers,  hence  a  "  walker "  was  one 
who  rolled  cloth,  A.-S.  wealcere  (vide  Skeat's 
'Etyrn.  Diet.,'  s.v.  'Walk')-  Where  the 
water  supply  was  inadequate,  or  the  cloth 
to  be  milled  more  abundant  than  the  capacity 
of  the  mill,  the  tenants  would  compound  for 
their  suit  to  the  fulling  mill  by  a  money 
payment,  and  mill  or  "  walk  "  their  cloth  at 
home,  or  in  a  private  mill.  This  payment 
was,  I  suggest,  called  "  walking  silver."  This 
interpretation  receives  some  confirmation 
from  the  small  value  of  the  fulling  mill 
at  Lough rigg,  as  compared  with  that  at 


Grasmere.  Another  interpretation,  less 
satisfactory,  is  that  the  tenants  of  this 
hamlet  paid  "walking  silver"  for  the  right 
to  pasture  their  sheep  in  some  particular 
part  of  Loughrigg  where  the  lords  had  for- 
merly had  a  "sheep-walk,"  long  relinquished 
to  the  tenants  in  return  for  this  yearly  rent. 
In  this  hamlet  "  forest  silver  "  yielded  only 
12s.  a  year.  W.  FAKREK. 

Over  Kellet. 

"AND   HAS   IT    COME  TO   THIS1?  "(10th   S.  ill. 

49.)— The  lines  quoted  by  KELSO  are  the  first 
four  lines  of  a  'Sonnet  to  Redcoats/ 
originally  written  in  1880,  with  reference 
to  words  used  by  the  Duke  of  Cambridge 
at  the  Mansion  House,  3  November,  1880. 
The  sonnet,  although  circulated  largely  in 
manuscript,  did  not  appear  in  any  volume  of 
collected  poems,  and  was  not  printed  in  any 
newspaper  until  it  appeared  in  The  St.  James's 
Gazette  (4  October,  1902),  when  there  was 
much  excitement  upon  a  repetition  of  the 
outrage  upon  the  common  soldier  denounced 
by  the  Duke  of  Cambridge  :— 
And  has  it  come  to  this  ?  Long  since,  they  sold 

Britannia,  fettered,  to  their  harlot,  Gain  ; 

Bartered  her— bound  her  in  a  golden  chain- 
Nay,  trampled  our  great  Queen  m  mire  of  gold. 
And  now,  her  warrior-sons,  shall  it  be  told 

That  you— her  "dauntless  redcoats"— you  were 
fain 

To  hide  what  glorious  tokens  yet  remain 
Of  Her  the  nations  feared  in  days  of  old  ? 

Redcoats,  all  hail !    They  shall  not  have  it  so  : 
Dastards,  stand  back,  stand  back— make  way  for 

men ; 
There  's  something  yet  shall  storm  your  greasy 

den  ; 
The  sword  is  helpless  'gainst  a  swordless  foe, 

But  we  will  conquer  by  the  impaling  pen, 
Or— nail  the  shop-coat  like  a  carrion  crow  ! 

THEODORE  WATTS-DUNTON. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED  (10th  S. 
iii.  88).— Quotation  4  was  said  of  F.  D. 
Maurice  by  Matthew  Arnold.  If  MR.  POOLE 
turns  to  the  passage  in  'Literature  and 
Dogma,'  he  will  find  that  he  has  omitted 
words  which  make  the  Arnoldism  perfect. 

W.  T. 

HALLS  OF  THE  CITY  COMPANIES  (10th  S.  iii. 
87).— A.  F.  H.  will  get  the  information  he 
wants  from  '  The  City  Companies  of  London,' 
by  P.  H.  Ditchfield,  M.A.  (London,  Dent, 
1904).  ARCHIBALD  SPARSE. 

Bolton. 

A.  F.  H.  will  find  much  of  the  information 
he  requires  in  '  Old  and  New  London,'  and 
in  part  ii.  vol.  x.  of  the  Middlesex  section  of 
the  '  Beauties  of  England  and  Wales '  (1814). 
In  the  latter  volume  will  be  found  particulars 


172 


NOTES   AND    QUERIES.      [10*  S.  III.  MARCH  4. 1905. 


of  ninety-one  of  the  City  companies,  and 
illustrations  appear  of  the  following  halls  : 
Cloth  Workers',  Vintners',  Drapers',  Iron- 
mongers', Goldsmiths',  Grocers',  Fishmongers', 
Mercers',  Merchant  Taylors',  and  Haber- 
dashers'. On  p.  429  it  is  recorded  that  the 
"Scriveners  had  formerly  a  Hall  in  Noble 
Street,  but  having  been  much  reduced,  they 
sold  the  latter-  to  the  Company  of  Coach- 
Makers,  who  are  the  present  owners."  On 
the  same  page  we  find  that 
"Plaisterers'  Hall  is  situated  on  the  north  side  of 
Addle  Street ;  it  is  of  brick,  and  its  internal  decora- 
tions were  originally  in  the  best  st7le  of  the  Com- 
pany's profession,  but  these  have  greatly  suffered 
through  the  appropriations  made  of  this  building, 
which  has  been  rented  by  various  tenants  for  dif- 
ferent purposes  :  of  late  years  it  has  been  occupied 
as  a  Dancing  School  Music  Room,"  &c. 

On  p.  441  we  have  "Parish  Clerks' Hall,  an 
old  and  irregular  brick  edifice  on  the  west 
side  of  Wood  Street,  is  now  occupied  by  a 
whalebone  cutter."  In  connexion  with  the 
Tylers  and  Brickmakers'  Company  it  is  stated 
on  p.  426  that  "  the  Hall  was  built  in  1627, 
but  has  long  been  deserted  by  the  Company, 
and  is  now  a  Jews'  Synagogue  ;  in  the  centre 
of  the  roof  is  a  handsome  cupola." 

Founders'  Hall  (p.  425)  "  is  now  rented  by 
a  respectable  congregation  of  Protestant 
Dissenters,  and  it  has  been  used  as  a  Dissent- 
ing Meeting-House  for  upwards  of  a  century." 

Masons'  Hall  (p.  424)  "is  a  small  stone 
edifice  in  Masons'  Alley,  Basinghall  Street ; 
it  is  now  rented  by  a  carpet  manufacturer." 

As  a  liveryman  and  freeman  of  the  City  of 
London,  I  naturally  take  a  great  interest  in 
the  City  companies  and  have  much  informa- 
tion about  them.  If  I  can  be  of  any  further 
assistance  to  A.  F.  H.,  I  shall  be  glad  to  place 
my  services  at  his  disposal. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL  D. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

*  STEER  TO  THE  NOR'  -  NOR'  -  WEST  '  (10th 
S.  ii.  427,  490 ;  iii.  13).— Vol.  c.  of  Temple  Bar, 
published  in  April,  1894,  contains  'An 
Alphabetical  List  of  the  Titles  of  all  Articles 
appearing  in  the  previous  Ninety  -  nine 
Volumes,'  but  I  fail  to  find  any  story  with 
the  above  title. 

EVERARD   HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

The  name  of  the  captain  who  commanded 
the  vessel  on  which  the  apparition  was  seen 
is  not  mentioned  in  the  version  of  the  story 
given  in  'Footfalls  on  the  Boundary  of 
Another  World.'  Mr.  R.  Dale  Owen  states 
that  he  had  it  from  Capt.  J.  S.  Clarke,  of  the 
schooner  Julia  Hallock,  who  heard  it  from  a 
Mr.  Robert  Bruce,  chief  mate  in  1828  on  the 


"barque  trading  between  Liverpool  and  St. 
John's,  New  Brunswick,"  when  "Steer  to  the 
Nor'- West "  was  in  his  presence  written  on  a 
slate  in  the  captain's  cabin  by  some  imma- 
terial visitant.  ST.  SWITHIN. 

MOLLY  LEPEL'S  DESCENT  (10th  S.  iii.  127).— 
A.  F.  S.  asks  to  be  directed  to  an  article 
proving  that  the  beautiful  Molly  Lepel, 
Lady  Hervey,  was  of  Danish  descent.  John 
Wilson  Croker,  who  edited  'Memoirs  of  the 
Reign  of  George  II.,'  in  two  volumes,  published 
by  Murray  in  1848,  states  at  p.  17  of  his 
'  Biographical  Notice '  that  she  was  "  daughter 
and  sole  heiress  of  Brigadier- General  Nicholas- 
Lepell,  and  of  the  family  to  whom  belonged 
the  little  island  of  Sark."  Croker  adds,  "  I 
find  in]  the  magazines  for  1743  the  death  of 
Nicholas  Lepell,  Esq.,  land  proprietor  of 
Sark."  This,  he  remarks,  probably  gave  the 
French  tinge  to  Lady  Hervey's  tastes  and 
manners,  a  subject  of  frequent  pleasantry  to- 
her  friends  and  family.  Lady  Louisa  Stuart, 
in  'Literary  Anecdotes,'  writes  that  Lady 
Hervey's  manners  "  had  a  foreign  tinge  which 
some  called  affected,  but  they  were  gentle, 
easy,  dignified,  and  altogether  exquisitely 
pleasing."  JAMES  WATSON. 

Folkestone. 

Mary,  Lady  Hervey,  according  to  '  D.N.B./ 
was  the  daughter  of  Brigadier  -  General 
Nicholas  Lepell,  who  had  been  page  of  honour 
to  Prince  George  of  Denmark,  and  in  16991 
obtained  an  Act  of  Naturalization.  He  was, 
therefore,  probably  a  Dane.  S.  B. 

A.  F.  S.  will  find  this  subject  fully  dis- 
cussed in  the  'Letter-Books'  of  John  Hervey, 
first  Earl  of  Bristol,  edited  by  the  Rev.  S.  H.  A. 
Hervey,  published  by  E.  Jackson,  Wells,  1894. 
The  reference  to  Molly  Lepel's  descent  is  in 
the  supplementary  volume  containing  the 
'  Diary  of  John  Hervey,'  p.  287. 

J.  F.  FRY. 

Upton,  Didcot. 
[ME.  E.  H.  COLEMAN  refers  to  9th  S.  xi.  388.] 

ST.  SEPULCHRE  (10th  S.  iii.  101).  —  St. 
Sepulchre  Gate  in  Doncaster,  so  called  from 
a  church  of  the  Holy  Sepulchre  that  has 
disappeared,  is  commonly  called  "  Spooker 
Gate."  Asa  companion  to  "St.  Pulchre,"  I 
may  mention  "S.  Tulius,"  whose  name  (sic) 
appears  under  a  figure  of  a  king  with  a  ship, 
on  an  old  English  embroidered  cope-orphrey 
at  TJshaw  College — St.  Olave,  of  course, 
whence  Tooley  Street  and  "S.  Tulius." 

J.  T.  F. 

Durham. 

The  mistake  pointed  out  by  B.  W.  in  the 
interpretation  of  the  above  dedicatory  title 


lO"  S.  III.  MARCH  4.  1905.]        NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


seems  to  be  due  to  a  wrong  notion  of  the  raison 
d'etre  of  such  titles.  Churches  are  all  dedi- 
cated to  God  and  His  service,  and  they  are 
named  at  the  same  time  in  honour  of  some 
Christian  person,  place,  event,  or  even 
doctrine.  Our  forefathers  honoured  indif- 
ferently person,  place,  and  thing  connected 
with  our  holy  religion.  Such  titles  as  the 
Church  of  the  Annunciation,  the  Resurrec- 
tion, the  Epiphany,  the  Nativity,  the  Holy 
Sepulchre,  and  Creed  Church,  do  not  imply 
that  the  church  is  dedicated  to  those  things, 
but  in  honour  of  those  things.  Dedications 
in  honour  of  St.  Pulcheria  are  quite  possible  ; 
but  there  is  no  reason  to  suppose  that  any 
of  the  churches  connected  with  the  Knights 
Templars,  when  the  history  of  the  knights  is 
taken  into  consideration,  were  dedicated  in 
honour  of  the  holy  person  rather  than  the 
holy  place.  FRANK  PENNY. 

In  B.  W.'s  very  interesting  article  is  a 
reference  to  the  vulgar  pronunciation  of  the 
name  as  it  obtains  in  Northampton.  A 
propos  of  this  it  may  be  as  well  to  place  on 
record  the  facts  that  (a)  there  is  a  main 
street  in  Doncaster  called  St.  Sepulchre  Gate; 
and  (b)  that  until  some  twenty  years  ago  the 
pronunciation  almost  invariably  was  Sepul- 
chre Gate,  Saint  being  dropped,  and  the 
accent  placed  very  strongly  on  the  second 
syllable  of  Sepulchre.  At  the  present  day, 
however,  it  is  rarely  heard  this  way,  the 
pronunciation  being  in  harmony  with  that 
generally  in  use.  E.  G.  B. 

I  am  glad  that  any  imputed  conjecture  of 
mine  should  serve  as  a  peg  upon  which  to 
hang  a  learned  and  lucid  note  like  that  of 
B.  W. ;  but  might  I  not  expect,  at  least,  that 
the  peg  should,  as  a  trifling  preliminary,  be 
properly  adjusted  ?  I  spoke  in  a  somewhat 
more  tentative  way  than  that  in  which  B.  W. 
makes  my  words  appear  when  saying  that 
"  in  St.  Sepulchre  the  '  St.'  is,  /  think,  believed 
to  be  redundant,  being  in  reality  a  contrac- 
tion of  St.  Pulchre."  B.  W.  himself  acknow- 
ledges that  the  pronunciation  at  Northampton 
is  "St.  Pulker's,"  and  to  one  not  so  well 
versed  in  hagiology  it  would  seem  reasonable, 
given  a  "  St.  Pulcheria,"  that  in  some  cases 
"St.  Sepulchre"  might  be  an  abbreviation 
of  St.  Pulcheria ;  but  perhaps  I  drew  a  too 
hasty  conclusion  from  the  former  prevalence 
of  expressions  like  "  St.  Pulchre's,"  as  applied 
to  the  church  outside  Newgate,  and  like 
"  St.  Pulchre's  boots,"  as  applied  to  the  fetters 
with  which  were  shod  aspirants  to  the  honours 
of  the  Newgate  Calendar. 

The  contention  of  B.  W.  seems,  how- 
ever, so  incontestably  just  that  instances 


are  desirable  of  a  church  in  any  part  of 
Western  (or  Eastern  ?)  Christendom  dedi- 
cated in  the  name  of  St.  Pulcheria  ;  and  the- 
whole  tenor  of  B.  W.'s  argument  renders  it 
almost  indisputable  that  churches  so  dedi- 
cated commemorate  not  St.  Pulcheria,  but 
the  Holy  Sepulchre,  the  recovery  of  which 
by  the  Crusaders  has  played  such  an  im- 
portant part  in  English  history. 

J.   HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

BIRTH-MARKS  (10th  S.  i.  362, 430, 493 ;  ii.  516), 
— A  young  woman  from  Sussex  tells  me  that, 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  Pagham,  a  child  \va» 
born  marked  on  the  cheek  with  a  bunch  of 
currants.  An  old  woman  told  the  mother 
that  she  should  lick  the  mark  daily  whilst 
fasting ;  she  did  so  and  the  mark  disappeared. 
My  informant  has  strong  convictions  in  the- 
matter  of  birth-marks ;  she  has  also  the 
courage  of  them.  A  dog,  believed  to  be  rabid,, 
flew  at  her  as  she  walked  with  her  pregnant 
sister,  and,  heedless  of  danger  to  herself,  she- 
caught  her  sister's  hands  as  she  was  about  to 
cover  her  face  with  them. 

FRANK  REDE  FOWKE. 

GEORGE  YILLIERS,  DUKE  OF  BUCKINGHAM 
(10th  S.  iii.  109).— Clarendon,  in  his  'History 
of  the  Rebellion  and  Civil  Wars '  (i.  62),  says  r 

"His  majesty  was  at  the  public  prayers  of  the 
church,  when  Sir  John  Epsley  (Hippesley)  came- 
into  the  room,  with  a  troubled  countenance,  and, 
without  any  pause  in  respect  to  the  exercise  they 
\vere  performing,  went  directly  to  the  king  and: 
whispered  in  hia  ear  what  had  fallen  out.  His 
majesty  continued  unmoved,  and  without  the  least 
charige  in  his  countenance,  till  prayers  were  ended ;. 
when  he  suddenly  departed  to  his  chamber,  and 
threw  himself  upon  his  bed,  lamenting  with  much 
passion  and  with  abundance  of  tears  the  loss  he 
had  of  an  excellent  servant  and  the  horrid  manner 
in  which  he  had  been  deprived  of  him." 

A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

The  'Memoirs  of  Sir  John  Oglander,. 
Deputy  -  Governor  -  General  of  Portsmouth,. 
1620-4,'  edited  by  the  late  W.  H.  Long,  and 
published  in  1888,  state  that  the  name  of  the- 
messenger  bearing  the  news  was  Pryce  (a- 
mariner?).  F.  PAUL. 

BLOOD  USED  IN  BUILDING  :  SUGAR  i» 
MORTAR  (10th  S.  ii.  389,  455  ;  iii.  34,  76,  114).— 
The  residuum  left  in  a  sugar  mill  after  the- 
juice  of  the  cane  is  expressed  is  known  in 
Northern  India,  when  dried  and  compressed, 
as  (JUT  (Hindi  and  Sanskrit ;  the  r  is  cerebral). 
It  has  been  believed  from  time  immemorial 
by  the  natives  of  those  parts  that  to  mix  a. 
certain  proportion  of  this  substance  with 
lime,  when  making  mortar,  greatly  increase* 
the  hardness  and  tenacity  of  the  cement ;  and 
it  is  still  customary  among  them  to  use  it 


174 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [io*  s.  m.  MARCH  4, 1905. 


with  that  object  (as  MR.  PENNY  testifies  that 
jaggery  is  used  in  Madras)  when  it  is  desired 
to  ensure  the  permanence  of  a  structure,  and 
-expense  is  no  object. 

There  is  a  tradition  that  a  retired  Nabob, 
who  built  a  substantial  mansion  at  Kendalin 
1759,  imported  a  small  cargo  of  give  to  improve 
the  mortar.  He,  at  least,  must  have  been  well 
assured  of  the  efficacy  of  the  process ;  and 
possibly  might  not  have  been  convinced  to 
the  contrary,  even  if  an  investigation  made 
in  his  day  had  led  to  results  resembling  those 
arrived  at,  as  MR.  NICHOLSON  relates  in  his 
interesting  reply,  by  the  Madras  Public  Works 
Department  in  1875.  R.  E.  B. 

Relative  to  the  use  of  sugar  in  mortar  in 
India  and  among  the  Romans,  it  may  be  of 
interest  to  note  that  this  admixture  has  been 
tried  in  at  least  one  instance  in  Scotland. 
About  a  dozen  years  ago,  happening  to  be 
walking  along  the  road  near  Aboyne  Castle, 
Aberdeenshire,  I  was  struck  by  the  remark- 
ably substantial  and  handsome  appearance  of 
a  stone  wall  that  was  then  being  built  round 
the  castle  grounds.  The  castle  was  then  the 
property  of  the  late  Sir  William  Brookes, 
of  Glen  Tana,  father-in-law  of  the  present 
Marquis  of  Huntly,  who,  as  all  who  knew  him 
are  aware,  devoted  the  later  years  of  his  life 
to  improvement  works  on  his  Deeside  proper- 
ties of  the  most  thorough  character.  In 
conversation  with  the  overseer  of  the  works, 
I  was  informed,  with  reference  to  this  wall, 
that  by  Sir  William's  strict  orders  the  mortar 
was  mixed  with  a  certain  proportion  of  sugar. 
The  overseer  was,  naturally  perhaps,  a  little 
sceptical  as  to  the  virtues  of  the  compound, 
which  was  new  to  him  ;  but  there  is  little 
doubt  that  Sir  William  was  aware  of  the 
classical  examples  referred  to  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  It 
is  very  probable  that  Sir  William  followed 
the  same  course  in  his  many  other  building 
schemes  in  connexion  with  Aboyne  Castle 
and  Glen  Tana,  and  the  views  on  this  par- 
ticular point  of  the  architects  (Westminster, 
I  think)  who  had  charge  of  these  works  would 
be  interesting.  G.  M.  FRASER. 

Public  Library,  Aberdeen. 

How  TO  CATALOGUE  SEVENTEENTH-CEN- 
TURY TRACTS  (10th  S.  ii.  388,  453).— May  I 
recommend  to  INEXPERT  a  book  that  con- 
tains some  most  practical  hints— plus  a  vast 
amount  of  "fine  mixed  reading"— "Hints  on 
Catalogue  Titles  and  on  Index  Entries,  with 
&  Rough  Vocabulary  of  Terms  and  Abbre- 
viations, chiefly  from  Catalogues,  and  some 
Passages  from  Journeying  among  Books.  By 
Charles  F.  Blackburn.  London,  1884"?  See 
€th  S.  ix.  459.  Q.  y. 


COPE  OF  BRAMSHILL  (10th  S.  iii.  87).— The 
baronetcy  of  Cope  of  Hanwell,  co.  Oxford,  was 
created  29  June,  1611,  in  the  person  of  Sir 
Anthony  Cope,  of  Hanwell  Castle,  Oxon,  Knt. 

John  Cope,  the  son  and  heir  of  Sir  John 
Cope,  fifth  baronet  of  this  creation,  purchased 
the  manor  and  estate  of  Bramshill  in  Eversley, 
Hants,  in  or  about  the  year  1703  ;  he  suc- 
ceeded as  sixth  baronet  11  January,  1721,  and 
dying  8  December,  1749,  transmitted  Brams- 
hill to  his  son,  and  through  him  to  his 
successors  in  the  baronetcy. 

It  was  thus  the  Copes,  Baronets  of  Han- 
well, who  acquired  Bramshill,  and  not  the 
Copes  of  Bramshill  who  got  the  baronetcy. 

F.  DE  H.  L. 

If  MR.  BROWNWELL  will  consult  'The 
Progresses  of  King  James  I.,'  by  John  Nichols, 
1828,  vol.  i.  p.  528,  &c.,  he  will  find  the  king 
had  satisfactory  reasons  for  creating  Sir 
Anthony  Cope  a  baronet.  It  states,  "He  had 
by  many  worthy  acts  acquired  much  reputa- 
tion and  the  esteem  of  all  that  knew  him,  &c. 
He  kept  an  hospitable  house  in  the  old 
English  way,  and  integrity  and  virtue  shone 
in  all  he  did,"  with  other  particulars. 

The  peerage  will  give  the  positions  of  trust 
he  held,  and  the  high  place  his  family  held  in 
the  country.  JOHN  RADCLIFFE. 

QUEEN'S  SURNAME  (10th  S.  ii.  529  ;  iii.  114). 
—I  am  afraid  DR.  J.  FOSTER  PALMER'S  inter- 
esting reply  at  the  last  reference  would  have 
infuriated  the  late  Prof.  E.  A.  Freeman.  The 
latter  says,  in  his  '  Growth  of  the  English 
Constitution,'  p.  230  : — 

"  It  is  a  small  p^oint,  but  it  is  well  to  notice  that 
the  description  of  the  king  as  Charles  Stewart  was 
perfectly  accurate.  Charles,  the  son  of  James,  the 
son  of  Henry  Stewart,  Lord  Darnley,  really  had  a 
surname,  though  it  might  not  be  according  to  Court 
etiquette  to  call  him  by  it.  The  helpless  French 
imitators  in  1793  summoned  their  king  by  the  name 
of  '  Louis  Capet,'  as  if  Charles  had  been  summoned 
by  the  names  of  '  Unready,'  '  Bastard,'  '  Lackland,' 
'  Longshanks,'  or  any  other  nickname  of  an  earlier 
king  and  forefather.  I  believe  that  many  people 
fancy  that  Guelph  or  Welf  is  a  surname  of  the 
present,  or  rather  late,  royal  family." 
Plantagenet  is  also  a  nickname ;  and  Tudor 
equals  ap  Tudwr  (son  of  Theodore),  and  is 
perhaps  the  nearest  approach  to  a  surname 
a  fifteenth-century  Welshman  could  arrive 
at.  I  have  heard  that  if  Queen  Victoria  had 
any  surname  at  all  it  was  Azon  von  Este  ; 
but  I  cannot  say  what  surname,  if  any, 
belongs  to  the  house  of  Gliicksburg,  of  which 
the  present  Queen  Consort  is  a  member.  The 
royal  house  of  Stewart  appears  originally  to 
have  been  a  younger  branch  of  the  great 
Norman  house  of  Fitz-Alan. 

A.  R.  BAYLEY. 


10'"  S.  III.  MARCH  4,  1905.]        NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


175 


GOLD  v.  SILVER  (10th  S.  iii.  108).— As  the 
total  quantities  of  gold  and  silver  which  exist 
can  only  be  vaguely  estimated,  this  query  is, 
I  think,  not  answerable.  Moreover,  it  is  not 
clear  what  is  meant  by  relative  "conven- 
tional" value.  If  this  means  the  legal  ratio, 
the  available  quantities,  of  course,  do  not 
affect  this  in  monometallic  gold  currencies 
•with  silver  token  coins.  If,  however,  the 
market  ratio  is  meant,  then  there  does  not 
appear  to  have  been  so  marked  a  change  in 
the  ratios  of  the  annual  outputs  of  the  two 
metals  as  will  account  for  the  appreciation 
of  gold  from  1  : 15  or  16  to  1 : 35  within  a  few 
decades,  though  doubtless  the  cumulative 
effect  of  the  great  preponderance  of  silver 
produced  is  partly  responsible  for  this. 

J.  DORMER. 

Prof.  Stanley  Jevons's  volume  on  '  Money 
and  the  Mechanism  of  Exchange '  (Inter- 
national Scientific  Series)  is  an  able  exami- 
nation of  this  and  kindred  questions.  In  the 
chapter  on  'The  Battle  of  the  Standards' 
(thirteenth  edition,  p.  143)  the  learned  econo- 
mist writes : — 

"The  amount  of  supply  and  amount  of  demand 
of  both  the  precious  metals  depend  upon  a  number 
of  accidents,  changes,  or  legislative  decisions, 

which  cannot  be  in  any  way  predicted That  any 

great  rise'  will  really  happen   in  the   purchasing 
power  of  gold  is  wholly  a  matter  of  speculation." 
FRANCIS  P.  MARCH  AX  T. 

Streatham  Common. 

PATENT  MEDICINES  (10th  S.  iii.  86).— I  think 
that  if  C.  C.  B.  considers  the  question,  he 
will  see  that  this  phrase  may  be  more  appro- 
priately treated  in  the  '  N.E.D.'  under 
"  medicine,"  along  with  other  equivalent 
phrases,  "proprietary  medicine"  and  the 
like.  If  C.  C.  B.  does  not  know  the  schedule 
to  statute  52  George  III.  c.  150,  which  deals 
with  the  question,  he  may  be  interested  in 
glancing  over  it.  Q.  V. 

I  wish  scholars  and  the  general  public 
would  help  all  medici  to  get  the  Government 
to  abolish  the  useless  \^d.  stamp  on  wrongly 
called  patent  medicines.  I  would  abolish  all 
patents,  providing  a  reward  fund  for  proved 
meritorious  inventors,  not  improvers  of 
inventions.  Copyright  is  different,  since  two 
men  cannot  write  the  same  book,  but  may 
hit  upon  the  same  mechanical  device. 

T.  W. 

CLOCKS  STOPPED  AT  DEATH  (10th  S.  iii.  124). 
—In  the  year  1878  I  was  staying  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Normanton  Park,  Rutland- 
shire, and  went  over  the  house,  which  con- 
tains a  number  of  interesting  relics  of  the 
kings  and  queens  of  England  which  have 


from  time  to  time  passed  into  the  hands  of 
the  hereditary  Lord  Great  Chamberlain. 
Among  them  'is  a  grandfather  clock,  which 
was  then  on  the  principal  staircase,  to  which 
there  is  attached  a  brass  plate,  stating  that 
it  had  been  the  private  property  of  his 
Majesty  William  IV.,  and  stood  in  the- 
sovereign's  private  room  in  the  House  of 
Lords,  and  was  kept  in  order  and  regularly 
wound  by  the  king's  own  clockmaker,  and 
not  the  man  employed  by  the  Office  of 
Works  to  regulate  the  other  clocks  in  the 
two  Houses  of  Parliament.  The  clock  stopped 
at  the  exact  moment  his  Majesty  expired, 
and  so  remained. 

HENRY  AUGUSTUS  JOHNSTON. 

Perhaps  it  will  interest  folk-lorists  to  know- 
that  in  my  native  province  (Duchy  of  Anhalt) 
the    custom   still   prevails  of  stopping   the 
clocks  as  soon  as  a  death  occurs  in  a  house. 
DR.  G.  KRUEGER. 

Berlin. 
[The  name  ante,  p.  125,  should  be  Reid,  not "  Reed."J 

CLERGYMAN  AS  CITY  COUNCILLOR  (10th  S. 
iii.  24,  134).— MR.  DIXON  is  wrong  in  sup- 
posing that  there  is  any  error  in  regard  to 
the  statement  as  to  the  election  of  the  Rev. 
Percival  Clementi-Smith  as  a  member  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Council.  He  overlooks 
the  fact  that  the  Municipal  Corporations  Act 
of  1882,  which  he  quotes,  does  not  apply  to 
the  City  of  London,  but  only  to  such  cities 
and  towns  as  are  enumerated  in  the  schedule 
annexed  to  the  Act  of  1835. 

EDWARD  M.  BORRAJO. 

The  Library,  Guildhall,  E.C. 

The  Municipal  Corporations  Act,  1882,  does 
not  apply  to  the  City  of  London  (see  sec.  6 
of  that  Act,  and  Schedules  A  and  B  to- 
the  Municipal  Corporations  Act,  1835),  nor 
apparently  to  the  metropolitan  boroughs 
created  by  the  London  Government  Act, 
1899.  D-  C.  I. 

Two  members  of  the  Bradford  City  Council 
are  ministers.  These  are  the  Rev.  Archibald 
Duff,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  and  the  Rev.  R.  Roberts. 
Both  are  Congregationalists. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

SAXTON  FAMILY  OF  SAXTON,  co.  YORK 
(10th  S.  iii.  129). —Twenty-one  years  ago 
PROF.  SKEAT  remarked  (6th  S.  x.  110)  that 
the  etymology  of  place-names  was  most 
slippery  and  difficult,  and  that  he  had  no 
faith  in  three-quarters  of  the  explanations 
which  were  so  lavishly  offered.  Since  then, 
thanks  to  PROF.  SKEAT  himself,  Mr.  W.  H. 
Duignan,  and  one  or  two  other  scholars, 
some  progress  has  been  made  in  our  know- 


176 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,    [lo*  s.  in.  MARCH  4, 1905. 


ledge  of  this  thorny  subject,  but  we  are  still 
far  from  having  that  thorough  and  syste- 
matic guidance  for  which  we  looked  in  vain 
in  1884. 

The  following  is  a  more  probable  etymology 
of  the  place-name  Saxton  than  any  of  those 
offered  by  MR  JAMES  TALBOT,  although,  in 
the  absence  of  a  very  early  form  of  the  word, 
it  is  impossible  to  be  quite  certain.  If  Mr. 
Searle's  '  Onqmasticon  Anglo-Saxonicum '  is 
referred  to,  it  will  be  seen  that  "Seax"  is 
the  prototheme,  or  first  constituent,  of  many 
Anglo-Saxon  names.  These  protothemes  in 
familiar  intercourse,  or  even  on  more  serious 
occasions,  often  received  the  termination  -a, 
Seax,  for  instance,  becoming  Seaoca.  Mr. 
Searle  gives  half-a-dozen  instances  of  persons 
bearing  the  name  of  Seaxa,  and  it  is  probably 
from  some  one  of  this  name  that  Saxton  is 
derived,  the  original  word  being  Seaxan-tiin, 
which  in  course  of  time  would  readily  become 
Saxton.  Or  if  the  "  eponymus ;J  had  a 
dithematic  name,  we  might  assume  that  he 
was  Seaxhelm,  who  was  Bishop  of  Chester-le- 
Street  in  944,  or  some  other  worthy  who  had 
Seax  as  the  first  theme  of  his  name. 

That  either  the  Yorkshire  family  of  De 
•Sexdecim  Vallibus,  which  in  English  natur- 
ally became  Sixtendale,  <fcc.,  or  the  Kentish 
family  of  DeSeptem  Vannis,  which  in  Anglo- 
French  was  written  Septvans,  had  any  con- 
nexion with  the  place-name  Saxton,  cannot, 
I  think,  be  easily  accepted. 

W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

LUTHER  FAMILY (10th  S.iii.  27).— Dr.  Taylor 
(or  Taylor  Gordon),  who  is  given  by  MR. 
HELTON  as  a  representative  of  the  Luther 
family,  was  the  great-grandson  of  Phila- 
delphia Gordon,  daughter  of  General  Patrick 
Gordon,  the  first  Governor  of  Pennsylvania. 
This  Patrick  belonged  to  the  family  of 
Birsemore,  cadets  of  the  Gordons  of  Cluny, 
who  were  descended  from  the  third  Earl 
of  Huntly.  But  recent  investigation  has 
gone  to  show  that  this  earl's  mother  was  not 
Princess  Annabella  Stuart,  so  that  the  "  royal 
descent"  of  John  Taylor  Gordon  collapses. 
When  did  this  Taylor  take  the  additional 
surname  of  Gordon  ?  and  when  did  he  die  ? 
J.  M.  BULLOCU. 

118,  Pall  Mall,  S.W. 

SIR  ED-WIN  ARNOLD  (10th  S.  ii.  286).— MR. 
PICKFORD  is  correct  in  stating  that  there  is  a 
slight  error  in  the  inscription  on  the  tablet 
placed  in  the  Chapel  of  University  College, 
Oxford,  in  memory  of  Sir  Edwin  Arnold,  for 
he  was  not  Newdigate  Prizeman  in  1853.  I 
have  a  copy  of  his  poem,  which  has  on  the 
title-page  these  words:  "The  Feast  of  Bel- 


shazzar.  A  Prize  Poem  recited  in  the  Theatre, 
Oxford,    June  XXIIL,  MDCCCLII.,   by  Edwin 
Arnold."     Printed    at    Oxford    by    Francis 
Macpherson,  MDCCCLII.        JAMES  WATSON. 
Folkestone. 

"  WHEN  OUR  OLD  CATHOLIC  FATHERS 
LIVED"  (10th  S.  iii.  109).— About  forty-five 
years  ago  the  boys  of  the  Christian  Brothers' 
Schools,  North  Richmond  Street,  Dublin, 
were  accustomed  to  sing  the  above  song.  I 
have  never  found  it  in  any  book  ;  but  there 
hung  upon  the  wall  of  one  of  the  class-rooms 
a  chart,  upon  which  the  song  was  printed, 
with  a  coloured  illustration  to  each  stanza. 
I  remember  the  following  stanza  and  the 
refrain  : — 

They  loved  their  Church,  they  loved  their  king, 

They  loved  their  freedom,  too  ; 
Their  hands  were  quick  for  action, 

And  their  hearts  were  brave  and  true. 
They  dearly  loved  their  merry  land, 

Its  customs  and  its  laws  ; 
Right  glad  to  tight  for  Ireland's  rights,  )  i*an.n, 

And  bleed  for  Ireland's  cause.  J  a  epec 

Refrain. 
And  thus  they  passed  a  happy  time, 

As  ev'ry  one  may  know, 
When  our  old  Catholic  fathers  lived.  1  />„„„„, 

A  long  time  ago.  ')Sepeat. 

It  was  set  to  the  air  of  "  The  days  when  we 
went  gipsying."  P.  C. 

Dublin. 

"Oil!  THE  PILGRIMS  OF  ZlON  "  (10th  S.   iii. 

109). — A  hymn  with  the  refrain  "Shout  to 
the  Lord  of  Glory!"  was  very  common  at 
negro  revival  meetings  in  the  Southern 
States  some  twenty  years  since.  I  never 
heard  the  rest  of  the  hymn,  but  the  effect 
of  some  thousands  of  voices  singing  the 
refrain  was  very  striking. 

FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 

'  REBECCA,'  A  NOVEL  (10th  S.  iii.  128).— The 
cjuery  of  MR.  E.  S.  DODGSON  has  greatly 
interested  me,  and  I  regret  I  am  unable  to 
answer  it  in  a  more  satisfactory  manner. 
The  work  mentioned,  strange  to  say,  is 
omitted  by  Mr.  Rupert  Simras  from  his  ex- 
haustive 'Bibliotheca  Staffordiensis,'  1894; 
consequently,  I  surmise  '  Rebecca '  has 
escaped  his  notice. 

The  printer,  Robert  Richards,  was  born  at 
Coventry,  and  was  apprenticed  on  Aris's 
Gazette,  Birmingham.  When  his  apprentice- 
ship had  expired  he  began  business  as  a 
printer  at  Uttoxeter  ;  he  was  of  Carter  Street, 
1818,  and  of  High  Street,  1834.  He  was  post- 
master from  1793  to  1835,  when  he  died.  He 
married  Miss  Askin,  of  the  "  White  Hart  '* 
Hotel,  Uttoxeter.  'Rebecca'  was  not  the 
first  three-volume  work  printed  by  Richards 


S.  III.  MARCH  i,  1905.]      NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


177 


for  Lackington,  Allen  &  Co.,  for  in  1807  he 
produced  'A  Voyage  round  the  World,'  by 
J.  F.  G.  cle  la  Perouse,  in  three  volumes, 
translated  from  the  French. 

Simms  mentions  seven  other  volumes 
printed  by  Richards,  the  first  of  which  is 
dated  1802,  though  some  of  these,  I  may  .say, 
bear  no  date  at  all,  according  to  a  practice 
which,  even  at  the  present  day,  is  sadly  too 
prevalent.  CHAS.  F.  FOKSHAW,  LL.D. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  4c. 

IlaMuyt-us  Potfhumus  ;  or.  Purchas  His 
By  Samuel  Purchaa,  B.D.  In  20  vols. — Vols.  I. 
and  II.  (Glasgow,  MacLehose  &  Sons.) 
THE  great  and  worthy  task  the  inception  of  which 
by  Messrs.  MacLehose  &  Sons  we  have  already 
chronicled,  the  reprinting  for  the  first  time  of  the 
'Hakluytus  Posthumus  '  of  Purchas,  has  at  length 
begun.  Its  origin  is,  of  course,  found  in  the  issue, 
now  completed,  of  Hakluyt's  'Voyages,'  to  the 
appearance  of  successive  instalments  of  which  we 
drew  frequent  attention.  'Hakluytus  Posthumus,' 
of  which  the  first  two  out  of  twenty  volumes  are 
now  given,  is  immeasurably  rarer  than  the  previous 
work,  and  is  in  many  respects  not  less  valuable. 
It  may  perhaps  be  regarded  as  the  scarcest  and 
least  accessible  of  the  works  which  chronicle  the 
heroic  deede  of  Englishmen.  So  little  known  is  it, 
indeed,  that  ordinary  works  of  reference  are  almost 
silent  concerning  its  author,  that  bibliographers  do 
not  greatly  concern  themselves  with  the  work,  and 
that  very  grudging  estimates  of  Purchas's  merits 
as  an  historian  and  a  writer  have  been  formed  by 
those  entitled  to  speak.  For  this  Purchas  is 
himself  largely  responsible.  Having  had  access 
to  the  unemployed  MSS.  of  Hakluyt,  he  printed 
,1  very  large  number  of  them,  entirely  ruining 
himself  in  so  doing,  and  dying  in  poverty,  and 
almost,  it  is  to  be  feared,  in  want,  so  soon  as  he 
had  secured  their  transmission  to  the  world.  Five 
folio  volumes  constitute  an  enormous  bulk  of  printed 
matter,  through  which  none  but  a  zealot  will 
succeed  in  wading.  Unfortunately  Purchas,  with 
what  is  really  zeal,  but  almost  seems  wantonness, 
opposed  obstacles  to  the  discharge  of  the  task. 
Like  Hakluyt,  Purchas  was  a  clergyman.  Unlike 
him,  however,  he  seems  to  have  been  a  confirmed 
Puritan,  a  good  deal  of  a  polemic,  and  in  no  respect 
a  man  of  the  world.  A  disproportionate  amount  of 
his  early  work  is  occupied  with  tracing  out  the 
journeys  in  search  of  the  land  of  Ophir,  the  travels 
of  the  apostles  and  of  early  classical  explorers, 
and  other  subjects  of  the  kind.  Almost  the  whole 
of  the  first  volume  of  the  reprint  may,  accordingly, 
be  dismissed  by  the  reader  who  seeks  to  get  at  the 
<l substantific  marrow"  of  Purchas's  work.  Un- 
aware of  this,  the  ordinary  student  who  has  begun 
the  perusal  has  been  apt  to  turn  away  in  dis- 
c'oxiragement,  and  to  leave  on  record  an  unjust 
arraignment  of  the  author's  style.  A  great  stylist 
Purchas  is  not,  and  he  is  not  to  be  compared  in 
any  respect  with  contemporaries  such  as  Hooker, 
Fuller,  Walton,  and  Sir  Thomas  Browne.  His 
writing  is  quaintly  charged  with  Latinisms,  a 


reproach  from  which  few  men  of  the  epoch  escaped, 
and  he  indulges  in  quaint  escapades  of  alliteration. 
Quotation  is,  of  course,  denied  us.  One  or  two  brief 
extracts  may,  however,  show  in  how  curious  forms 
of  speech  he  was  apt  to  indulge.  In  his  praise  of 
Columbus:  "Magnanimous  Columbus,  not  broken, 
with  Povertie  at  home,  with  Affronts  and  Dis- 
countenances abroad ;  with  imputations  of  im- 
potent, almost  impudent,  at  least  as  imprudent  as 
importunate  fancies  of  impossible,  impassable  Navi- 
gations by  unknowne  Seas  to  unknowne  Lands!" 
&c.  The  Genoese  discoverer  is  again  compared,  in 
Purchas's  most  edifying  style,  with  other  adven- 
turers, "  who  going  f  >rth  with  high  swolne  Sayles, 
filled  with  puffes  of  Pride,  and  blasts  of  Arrogance,, 
addicting  themselves  to  Swearing,  Cursing,  and 
other  resolute  Dissolutenesse  (as  if  they  sought 
Discoveries  in  the  infernall  Regions,  and  acquaint- 
ance with  those  Legions  of  Hell,  rather  then  to 
discover  Lands  and  recover  Intidels  to  internall 
peace  by  the  eternallGospell),  eyther  perish  at  Sea, 
or  returne  with  the  gaine  of  losse.  and  shame,  in 
stead  of  glory."  Here  we  have  Purchas  at  his 
literary  strongest  and  his  ethical  best.  Against 
the  charges  brought  by  no  less  an  authority  than 
Prof.  Laughton,  that  he  was  neither  a  faithful 
editor  nor  a  judicious  compiler,  and  that  to  his 
carelessness  is  attributable  the  less  of  many  of 
the  originals,  abstracts  of  which  he  preserves,  we 
are  in  no  position  to  protest.  We  can  only  treat 
Purchas  as  we  find  him,  and  he  is  now  for  the  first 
time  accessible  in  a  tenth  of  his  work.  When  he  is 
not  concerned  to  preach,  however,  or  to  dilate  upon 
Popish  iniquities,  he  may  be  read  with  pleasure  as 
well  as  interest. 

At  any  rate,  his  work  is  immortal,  and  its  appear- 
ance in  a  form  so  accessible  and  so  handsome  is  a 
matter  for  warmest  congratulation.  The  volumes 
now  given,  like  those  which  are  to  come,  are 
uniform  with  those  of  the  Hakluyt,  on  which 
we  have  often  dwelt,  and  are  a  credit  to  the 
great  Glasgow  press  from  which  they  issue. 
Vol.  i.  reproduces  the  fine  emblematical  frontis- 
piece, containing  the  only  known  portrait  of  Pur- 
chae.  This  is  constantly  missing  from  the  original 
editions  which  come  up  for  sale.  It  reproduces 
also  seven  maps  of  Hondius  (Josse  Hondt),  done, 
presumably,  when  he  was  a  refugee  in  London,  and 
including  his  map  of  St.  Paul's  peregrinations  and 
that  of  the  navigation  of  ^Eneas  the  Trojan,  as 
well  as  his  map  of  the  world.  It  gives,  moreover^ 
facsimiles  of  the  title-page  to  the  first  part  and  of 
the  curious  illustrations  to  Pnrchas's  '  Discourse  of 
the  Diversity  of  Letters  use  1  by  the  divers  Nations 
in  the  World.'  In  the  second  volume  are  portraits 
of  Christopher  Columbus  and  Sir  Thomis  Smith, 
first  governor  of  the  East  India  Company.  In 
dismissing  this  first  instalment  of  a  work  of  un- 
limited interest,  we  advise  readers  who  wisli  to  see 
the  compiler  at  his  best  to  begin  with  the  second 
volume.  At  the  close  of  the  perusal  of  that  they 
will  be  as  like  as  not  to  turn  back  to  the  first.  If 
they  do  this  the  appearance  of  forthcoming  volumes 
will  be  eagerly  anticipated. 

History  of  the  Reformation  in  Germany.  By  Leopold 
von  Ranke.  Edited  by  Robert  A.  Johnson,  M.A. 
(Routledge  &  Sons.) 

THOUGH  less  popular  than  his  'History  of  the 
Popes,'  Ranke's  '  History  of  the  Reformation  in 
Germany'  has  most  of  the  qualities  which  con- 
tributed to  the  success  of  that  work,  to  which  it 


173 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [io*  s.  HI.  MARCH  4, 1905. 


is  to  some  extent  a  companion.  There  are  those, 
indeed,  who  regard  it  as  Ranke's  greatest  work. 
Written  from  a  Lutheran  standpoint,  it  is  saved 
by  its  author's  "  aloofness "  from  the  charge  of 
being  partisan,  and  it  is  a  book  which  the  scholar 
will  be  glad  to  have  within  reach.  Two-thirds  only 
have  been  translated  by  Mrs.  Austin.  The  editor, 
who  has  rendered  admirable  services  in  many 
respects,  points  out  for  the  edification  of  the  reader 
the  supplementary  works  which  it  is  expedient  to 
consult,  and  supplies  a  short  bibliography  of  books 
bearing  on  the  subject.  First  among  these  must 
be  placed  the  writings  of  Cretghton,  though  the 
first  two  volumes  of  the  "Cambridge  Modern 
History"  and  Mr.  A.  H.  Johnson's  'Europe  in  the 
Sixteenth  Century '  are  warmly  to  be  commended. 
Ranke  himself  is,  however,  one  of  the  chief  autho- 
rities on  fifteenth  and  sixteenth  century  literature. 
One  of  the  founders  of  the  scientific  school  of 
historical  investigators,  he  numbers  among  his 
pupils  the  chief  English  historians  of  yesterday  and 
to-day.  A  book  such  as  that  before  us  is  an  ines- 
timable boon  to  the  student  of  limited  means,  who 
is  not  contented  to  read  seriously  and  steadfastly 
in  works  derived  from  libraries,  but  seeks  to  dwell 
upon,  annotate,  and  confer.  We  wish  we  could 
hope  for  further  contributions  of  the  same  class 
under  the  same  competent  supervision. 

Heralds'  College  and  Coats  of  Arms  regarded  from 
a  Legal  Aspect.  By  W.  P.  W.  Phillimore,  M.A. 
(Phillimore  £  Co.) 

THE  fact  that  Mr.  Phillimore's  scholarly  and  accu- 
rate pamphlet,  first  issued  in  1903,  has  already 
appeared  in  a  third  and  revised  edition  speaks 
loudly  for  the  interest  that  is  felt  in  the  subject. 
From  the  unreasonable  attacks  to  which  the  College 
of  Arms  is  subject,  Mr.  Phillimore  defends  its 
«iembers,  and  he  exposes  the  delusions  that  prevail 
concerning  it.  His  explanation  of  the  legal  aspects 
is  lucid.  He  has  an  appended  chapter  upon  the 
subject  of  prescription,  and  he  supplies  an  appendix 
of  'Statutes  and  Cases.' 

Remarkable  Comets.  By  W.  Thynne  Lynn,  B.A. 
Twelfth  Edition,  Revised.  (Sampson  Low&  Co.) 
As  the  first  edition'of  Mr.  Lynn's  acknowledgedly 
valuable  summary  of  the  great  comets  appeared  in 
1893,  reissues  are  practically  annual.  The  twelfth 
edition,  with  its  view  of  the  great  comet  of  1882, 
has  undergone  special  revision,  and  is  well  up  to 
date. 

FROM  the  Ue  La  More  Press  is  issued  an  elegant 
little  Brov;ning  Calendar  and  Birthday  Book.  The 
selection  has  been  made  by  M.  E.  Gibbings.  With 
its  ornamental  title-page  and  its  beautiful  get-up, 
it  is  just  the  work  for  a  small  present. 

THE  opening  article  in  The  Quarterly  Review  for 
January  relates  to  the  works  of  Bishop  Stubbs. 
We  need  not  say  that  it  is  on  the  whole  highly 
favourable,  but  it  is  written  with  discrimination, 
indicating  that  the  great  historian's  works  are  not 
above  criticism.  It  is  pointed  out  that  the  service 
w_hich  Stubbs  rendered  to  history  is  not  limited  by 
his  greater  works.  He  was  the  first  to  give  a  clear 
and  unprejudiced  account  of  St.  Dunstan,  whose 
career  had  been  a  playground  of  incompetent 
fanatics  and  become  so  distorted  by  disputants  of 
various  sorts  that  it  is  not  easy  to  say  whether 
Protestants  or  Roman  Catholics  had  produced  fancy 


pictures  the  more  unlike  the  original.  Until  Stubbs 
came  to  the  rescue  what  we  knew  of  Dunstan  was 
little  more  to  be  depended  on  than  a  fairy  tale, 
though,  as  in  the  case  of  folk-lore  stories,  there 
were  different  versions,  some  gruesome,  others 
angelic.  Now  we  have,  if  not  a  finished  picture, 
at  least  a  olear  outline  which  reveals  to  us  a  con- 
scientious and  strong  man  striving  to  do  the  best 
he  could  in  a  disturbed  time,  when  politics,  secular 
and  religious,  had  become,  as  it  seemed,  hopelessly 
entangled.  The  reviewer,  we  think,  somewhat 
exaggerates  the  Teutonic  prejudices  in  which  the 
great  historian  undoubtedly  indulged,  and  he  cer- 
tainly goes  too  far  when  he  says  that  "  the  develop- 
ment of  republics  and  despotisms  presented  to 
him  no  interesting  problems  in  the  morphology  of 
states."  'The  Making  of  the  United  States'  is 
based  on  widely  extended  investigations.  It  must 
be  of  service  to  many  both  in  the  old  laud  and  the 
new,  because  it  brings  into  due  prominence  the 
sufferings  of  the  Tories,  as  they  were  called,  that  is 
those  who  clung  to  union  with  the  mother  country. 
That  grave  crimes  were  committed  by  the  successful 
party  no  properly  instructed  person  will  now  be 
found  to  deny,  and  it  is  foolish  to  endeavour  to 
extenuate  them  ;  but  there  can  be  no  doubt  that 
acts  of  this  character  find  many  parallels  in  quite 
modern  times.  Many  of  the  deeds  done  in  Ireland 
in  1798  were,  as  it  seems  to  us,  far  less  excusable. 
Canon  Ainger  was  an  enthusiastic  admirer  of 
Lamb  and  Hood.  So  stern  was  he  in  demanding 
respect  for  his  heroes  that  it  gave  him  pain  to  hear 
the  latter  spoken  of  as  Tom.  The  canon  was  famed 
for  his  sermons,  though  he  never  attained  the 
questionable  notoriety  of  a  popular  preacher.  He 
also  wrote  poetry,  some  examples  of  which  are 
given  here  :  they  are  correct  and  harmonious,  but 
cannot  be  regarded  as  the  product  of  inspiration. 
Mr.  T.  Herbert  Warren's  paper  on  'Matthew 
Arnold'  strikes  us  as  giving  a  true  picture  of  one 
who,  in  other  circumstances,  might  have  made  a 
far  deeper  impression  on  contemporary  thought 
than  he  was  fated  to  do.  "He  married  for  love 
and  became  a  school-inspector  "  by  no  means  sums 
up  his  career  ;  but  the  inspectorship — not  marriage 
—limited  his  powers  of  action  and  probably  of 
thought  also,  for  he  was  too  conscientious  not  to 
throw  all  his  energy  into  whatever  he  undertook. 
'The  Tudors  and  the  Navy,'  and  the  paper  in 
which  Cowper  and  Horace  Walpole  are  contrasted, 
both  are  sound  work.  We  wish  we  had  space  t<> 
treat  of  them  at  length. 

THE  last  two  numbers  of  The  Englixh  Historical; 
Review  sustain  the  high  character  which  it  has 
borne  from  the  beginning.  The  letters  of  Herrino-, 
Archbishop  of  York,  to  Lord  Hardwicke,  during 
the  '45  are  concluded.  Herring  was  a  devoted  Whig, 
a  fervent  admirer  of  the  House  of  Hanover  and 
the  reigning  king,  and  with  no  little  fear  of  the 
"Papists,"  whom  he  evidently  regarded  as  a  far 
stronger  political  body  than  they  had  ever  been 
since  the  Revolution  ;  but  he  was  a  fair  man  who 
did  not  wish  to  make  unjust  reports  to  high  quar- 
ters. He  was  acquainted  with  one  or  more  people 
who  had  come  in  personal  contact  with  Prince 
Charles  Edward,  and  speaks  of  him  far  more  favour- 
ably than  was  to  have  been  expected.  It  is  quite 
evident  that  at  one  time  he  considered  the  Jacobites 
had  a  very  fair  chance  of  success.  On  28  October  he 
was  in  very  low  spirits,  for  he  says,  "The  mischief 
this  ugly  affair  does  is  incredible.  It  has  put  an, 


10'»  S.  III.  MARCH  4,  1905.]       NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


179- 


absolute  stop  to  trade  and  business,  and  if  it  holds 
a  little  longer,  I  believe  I  must  go  upon  credit  for 
my  bread  and  cheese."    He  had,  however,  the  one 
consolation  of  knowing  that  by  putting  an  absolute 
stop  to  all  trade  it  had  become  much  easier  to  raise 
troops  in  the  West  Riding,  for  except  by  entering 
the  army   "the  manufacturer  has  no  other  way 
to  get  bread."    An  editorial  note  points  out  that 
"manufacturer"  means  here  not   the  owner  of  a 
mill,  but   the   operative.    It   should   also  be   re 
membered  that  in  those    days  there  were  great 
numbers  of  handloom  weavers,  smiths,  and  men  of 
other  occupations  who  worked  on  their  own  account 
in  their  own  houses.     These  persons  depended,  not 
on  wages,  but  the  goods  which  they  made  for  sale  to 
private  customers  or  the  local  shopkeepers.    Such 
men  would  naturally  feel  the  war-pressure  earlier 
and  more  severely  than  those  whom  we  now  call 
factory  hands.    The  archbishop,  who  had  donned 
regimentals,  informs  his  correspondent  that  "an 
engraver  has  already  given  me  a  Saracen's  head, 
surrounded  with  the  Chevalier  in  chains  and  all  the 
instruments  of  war  and  the  hydra  of  rebellion  at 
my  feet,  and  I  see  another  copperplate  is  promised 
where  I  am  to  be  exhibited  in  the  same  martial 
manner  with  all  my  clergy  with  me."    Have  copies 
of  these  engravings  come  down  to  our  time  ?    We 
have  never  heard  of  any.     'The  Mayflower'  is  an 
endeavour  by  Mr.  R.  G.  Marsden  to  ascertain  which 
was  the  vessel  of  that  name  that  has  become  so 
celebrated  in  American  history.    There  have  been 
many  Mayflowers,  and  it  is  by  no  means  easy  to 
demonstrate  which  was  the  one  that  carried  that 
precious  freight  of  human  souls  across  the  Atlantic. 
In  pre-Reformation  times  a  very  large  number  of 
vessels  bore  the  name  of  saints.    After  the  change 
of    religion     manners    altered    and    the    custom 
gradually  ceased.    The  various  Mayflowers  may, 
however,  be  a  veiled  survival  of  the  earlier  use. 
May  was  the  month  dedicated  to  the  Blessed  Virgin 
Mary.it  is  therefore  by  no  means  improbable  that 
the  numerous  Mayflowers  were  launched  during 
"  our  Lady's  month,  and  were  regarded  as  dedicated 
in  her  honour."    The  battle  of  Roncesvalles,  though 
in  truth  but  a  small  affair,  has  been  fortunate  in 
establishing  a  great  name  in  romance,  if  it  be  but 
dimly  shadowed  forth  in  authentic  history.    The 
Right  Hon.  Sir  Edward  Fry  has  recently  visited 
the  place  and  made  careful  notes.    As  he  knows 
what  history  can  teach  as  well  as  the  poetic  litera- 
ture of  the  subject,  his  paper  must  appeal  to  widely 
differing  classes  of  readers.    Lowell  said  that  he 
generally  found  romance  more  interesting  and  often 
more  true  than  reality.    If  by  romance  he  meant 
not  the  modern  novel,  but  the  wild  tales  of  earlier 
days,  he  certainly  spoke  words  of  truth  and  sober- 
ness. The  fame  of  Roland  is  an  undying  possession, 
and  we  cannot  but  believe  that,  though  contem- 
poraries recorded  little  that  has  come  down  to  us, 
the  mirage-picture  that  we  possess  has  not  only 
great  beauty,  but  some  elements  of  truth  also.  The 
writer    confirms    the    statement    we    have    heard 
before,    that   in    the    neighbouring    Chapelle    du 
Saint-Esprit,  which  is  said  to  be  built  over  the 
graves  of  those  who  fought  at  Roncesvalles,  prayers 
are  yearly  said  for  the  souls  of  Roland  and  his 
peers.    Mr.  F.  Baring  re-examines  the  long-debated 
question  as  to  the  exact  manner  in  which  the  battle 
of  Hastings  was  fought.    His  paper  is  interesting 
and  shows  a  minute  knowledge  of  the  ground.    We 
are  not  able  to  say  whether  it  is  convincing  without 
once  more  visiting  the  spot. 


BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUIX. 
MR.  JAMES  COMMIX,  of  Exeter,  issues  Part  II  of 
a  clearance  catalogue  of   theological  and  miscel- 
laneous books.    Among  these  we  note  Meteyard's 
,,L-l,,.of  Wedgwood,'  2  vols.,  1865,  scarce,  IV.  5s  • 
Uilkinsons    'Ancient    Egyptians,'    3    vols.,    best 
edition   11.  18*.  6V/.  :  Turner's  'Annual  Tjur,'  1833 
!i  I  !5Peak,er's  Commentary,'  7  vols.,  II.  18*-.  &l.  ; 
and  bouthey's  'Doctor,'  first  edition. 

Mr.  William  Downing,  of  Birmingham,  includes 
in  his  new  list  a  copy  of  the  Fourth  Folio  Shake- 
speare (a  fine  tall  copy,  measuring  14^  in.  by 
iMrm.,  168o),  price  551.  :  also  a  complete  set  of  the- 
Dnrer  Society,  7  portfolios,  14/.  Us.  Other  items- 
a re  Duruy  s  '  Greece '  and  '  Rome,'  15/.  15*.:;  Roth's- 

Abongines  of  Tasmania,'  32-s.  (this  is  out  of  print)  - 
a  Sl*  °l>  9****?*  Mi*cdlany,  Ul.  Us. ;  •  Encyclo- 
paedia Bntannica,'  with  Supplement,  201.  (Times- 
price  69/) ;  facsimile  reprint  of  '  Hypnerotomachia, 
Pohphili  31.  as.  ;  The  Journal  of  Indian  Art, 
^  i  SM  ,™  >:  'Selected  Relics  of  Japanese  Art,' 
Tokyo,  1900-4,  221.  ;  Demoustier's  'Mythology' 
extra  illustrated,  Paris,  1809,  3/.  12-9.  6(1.  ;  Turner's 

England  and  Wales,'  2  vols.  4to,  fine  original  im- 
pressions, 6/.  6s.  ;  and  '  The  Faerie  Queene,'  edited 
by  \\  ise,  illustrated  by  Crane,  1897,  47.  4s. 

Mr.  James  Irvine,  of  Fulham,  has  a  number  of 
works  on  botany,  ferns,  fungi,  &c.,  including  a 
small  remainder  of  Trimen's  '  Flora  of  Middlesex,' 
at  rf-s.  6il  a  copy.  There  are  also  interesting  items 
under  Africa,  Alpine,  India,  Japan,  Spain,  &c. 
Among  the  miscellaneous  are  volumes  of  the- 
ff yspne  Series  ;  the  '  Legitimist  Kalendar '  for  1899, 

withdrawn  from  publication  and  very  scarce"" 
1^,  Is. ;  Timmins's  'Pembrokeshire,'  \L  Is.  ;  Turner's 

Kichmondshire,'  '21.  2>.  ;  and  many  interesting 
books  under  London. 

Mr.  Charles  A.  Massey,  of  136,  Upper  Tulse  Hill, 
has  a  most  interesting  catalogue  of  old  and  rare 
-bntish  and  American  book-plates  (ex-libris).  The 
catalogue  is  illustrated.  We  note,  among  others, 
the  scarce  book-plate  of  Robert  Bloomfield,  dated 
1813— armorial,  with  punning  heraldry,  shield  with 
a  farmer  s  boy  on  either  side  as  supporters,  motto 
on  scarf  below,  "  Friends  in  need  and  a  fig  for  the 
heralds." 

Mr.  James  Miles,  of  Leeds,  has  a  copy  of  the- 
Kev.  Patrick  Bronte's  'Cottage  Poems,'  27s.  6d 
and     The  Rural  Minstrel,'  25s.;  also  Hailstone's 

lorkshire  Worthies,'  3/.  15s.  These  three  are 
scarce.  There  are  a  good  many  items  under  Man- 
chester, Leeds,  and  Scarborough,  these  including  a 
special  copy  of  Whitaker  and  Thoresby's  'History  ' 
price  Wl.  10*.  Under  Yorkshire  we  find  'The 
Heraldry  of  \ork  Minster,'  by  Purey-Cust,  37s.  Qd. 
A  complete  set  of  The  Archaeological  Journal  is 
9^.  9-s.  There  are  also  long  lists  under  Lancashire 
and  London  and  Middlesex,  and  a  nuirfber  of  works 
under  General  Topography. 

Mr.  H.  H.  Peach,  of  Leicester,  sends  us  his  new 
catalogue,  No.  10.  This  contains  a  number  of 
items  under  early  printing:.  A  fine  tall  copy  of 
Chaucer,  1602,  is  81.  8s.  The  rare  first  edition  of 
Florio  s  '  Essayes,'  1603,  folio,  is  81. 8s.  Among  the 
autographs  is  a  collection  including  Queen  Victoria, 
Dickens,  Lytton,  Scott,  Brougham,  Canning,  and 
laraday,  12A  12*. 

Messrs.  James  Rimell  &  Son  have  a  catalogue  of 
. jpography  well  arranged  under  counties.  Under 
V\  mdsor  is  a  set  of  aquatints  by  P.  Sandby,  1776, 


180 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [io*  s.  m.  MARCH  4, 1905. 


*carce,  51.  10*.  Under  Cornwall  is  Hawker's 
'  Echoes,'  the  rare  first  edition,  1846, 12*  6d.  Under 
Derbyshire  is  a  collection  of  17  water-colour  draw- 
ings, by  Buckler,  of  Haddon  Hall,  1800,  16/.  1G<. 
Under  Isle  of  Wight  is  Stone's  'Architectural  Anti- 
quities,' 31.  5s.  ;  and  under  Lake  District,  Fielding 
and  Walton's  '  Picturesque  Tour,'  51.  5-?.  The  items 
under  London  and  Middlesex  are  very  interesting. 
These  include  Hackney,  '  Free  Customs  and  Privi- 
ledges  of  the  Copyhold  Tenants  of  Lord  Went- 
worth,'  1675,2;.  12*.  6d.  (ex-libris  of  Sir  W.  Besant) ; 
Faulkner's  'Chelsea,'  1810,  21.  15-*.;  Prickett's 
'Highgate,'  1842,  21.  12*.  6^.  Under  Kensington 
is  a  '  Plan  of  the  Road  from  Hyde  Park  Corner 
to  Counter's  Bridge,'  11.  5s.  A  copy  of  '  London 
Cries,'  1700,  is  priced  41.  4s.  ;  '  London  Street 
Views,'  1830-40,  31.  5s.  (this  shows  the  trades- 
men's shops  with  names) ;  Stow's  '  Survey,'  1764-5, 
ll.ls.;  'Views  of  Covent  Garden  Market,'  1811, 
'11.  17*'.  6-1.  ;  Holborn,  'The  Old  Red  Lion.'  1840, 
101.  10*.  ;  '  Entrance  to  Hyde  Park,'  1844,  111.  Us. ; 
and  '  Leicester  Fields,'  1825,  11.  7*.  There  is  a  copy 
of  Buck's  'Views,'  331-.',  also  Kip's  'Views,'  63?. 
The  entire  catalogue  is  full  of  interest. 

Mr.  William  Smith,  of  Reading,  has  a  number  of 
items  under  Antiquarian  and  Topographical,  also 
curious  collections  of  tracts,  1638,  1641,  and  1661  : 
Early  English  Text  Society's  Publications,  and 
many  important  books  under  Berkshire,  Cornwall, 
Hampshire,  London,  Ireland,  &c.  There  is  a  copy 
of  the  '  Heptameron,'  Society  of  English  Biblio- 
philists,  1894,  41.  4-s'.,  only  312  copies  printed. 

Messrs.  Sotheran's  catalogue,  11  February,  con- 
tains De  Gray  Birch's  '  Cartularium  Saxonicum,' 
4  vols.  4to,  3^.  ;  Baskerville's  beautiful  edition  of 
Ariosto,  Birmingham,  1773,  Ctf.  6-s.  (this  is  scarce); 
Ascham's  'Schoolmaster,'  1570,  15/.  15*.;  a  fine 
library  set  of  The  Contemporary  Review,  241.; 
Duval's  '  Caricatures,'  a  curious  collection,  1843, 
10^.  10*.  ;  Dickens's  'Christmas  Books,'  the  five,  in 
original  cloth,  51.  5*.  ;  also  other  first  editions  of 
Dickens;  a  set  of  Florian,  15  vols.  18mo,  1784-92, 
very  scarce,  101.  10*. ;  Gough's  'Sepulchral  Monu- 
ments,' 1786-96,  very  rare,  251.  ;  the  new  reissue  of 
Jesse's  '  Historical  Memoirs,'  30  vols.,  half-morocco, 
'2~l.  ;  and  Lysons's  'Environs  of  London,'  1790,  4001. 
This  is  a  magnificent  set,  as  it  contains  nearly  5,000 
additional  portraits,  and  the  4  vols.  are  extended 
to  26.  Another  copy  is  priced  at  130^.  There  is  a 
large-paper  copy  of  Hodgson's  'Northumberland,' 
very  rare,  price  421.  Matthew  Hopkins's  '  Discovery 
of  Witches,'  published  at  the  Upper  Halfe-Moone 
in  Norwich,  1647,  is  41. 10*.  The  catalogue  describes 
this  as  "  a  rare  and  interesting  publication  of  this 
•infernal  scoundrel."  There  are  a  number  of  private 
press  publications,  and  some  purchases  from  the 
library  of  the  late  Duke  of  Cambridge.  These 
include  a  large-paper  set  of  the  Delphin  Classics, 
with  his  crest  on  titles,  half-calf,  131.  13*.,  published 
at  300^.  unbound ;  '  Cabinet  des  F6es,'  41  vols.,  QL  6*.  ; 
and  an  important  set  of  Grtevius's  '  Antiquitatum 
et  Historiarum  Italias'  and  'Thesaurus  Sicilite,' 
altogether  24  vols.  folio  in  45,  1704-25,  5/.  5*.  These 
also  contain  the  duke's  crest  with  old  armorial 
book-plate.  There  is  a  long  autograph  letter 
of  Andrew  Marvell's,  dated  14  Nov.,  1676,  to  Sir 
Henry  Thompson,  respecting  Nathaniel  Bacon,  the 
Virginian  patriot,  and  other  matters,  311.  10*. 

Mr.  Albert  Sutton,  of  Manchester,  has  an  interest- 
ing catalogue,  consisting  principally  of  philology, 
place-name*,  and  kindred  subjects.  There  are  a 


number  of  Court  memoirs,  and  a  complete  set  of 
the  Hellenic  Society's  Publications,  15^.  15*. ;  also 
a  number  of  trials,  including  the  Tichborne,  with 
biography  by  Dr.  Kenealy,  9  vols.  in  5,  41.  10*. 

Mr.  Thomas  Thorp,  of  St.  Martin's  Lane,  in  his 
list  includes  The  Anti- Jacobin  Review,  58  vols., 
1799-1820,  58*. ;  '  Ingoldsby  Legends,'  1840-55,  scarce, 
41.  4s.  ;  Boydell's  '  Illustrations  of  Shakespeare,' 
41. 10*.  ;  Everitt's  '  English  Caricaturists,'  1790-1886, 
41.  4s.;  Orme's  '  Anecdotes  of  Personal  Valour,'  very 
rare,  large  paper,  1819,  101.  10*.  ;  and  Cruikshank's 
'  Going  to  a  Fight,'  also  rare,  12/.  10*.  The  scarce 
first  edition  of  'The  Fortunate  Mistress,'  1724,  is 
141.  14*.  A  first  edition  of  '  Richard  Feverel,'  1859, 
is  31.  3*.  There  are  a  number  of  seventeenth-century 
books  in  original  bindings,  also  works  on  folk-lore, 
ancient  religions,  &c.,  and  many  political  tracts. 

Mr.  George  Winter,  of  Charing  Cross  Road,  has 
Walpole's  '  Catalogue  of  Royal  and  Noble  Authors,' 
41.  15*.  ;  'Print  Collector's  Manual,'  1844,  II.  5*.; 
and  '  Orchid  Album,'  scarce,  31.  3*.  There  are  first 
editions  of  Lever's  works  and  Thackeray,  including 
'  Vanity  Fair.'  with  the  portrait  of  "  Lord  Steyne," 
very  scarce,  31.  17*.  6(£.  Under  Charles  Lamb  is  a 
series  of  eight  water-colour  drawings  by  Paul 
Braddon.  depicting  the  homes  and  haunts  of  Lamb, 
21.  5*.  There  is  the  scarce  first  edition  of  Dickens's 
'  The  Uncommercial  Traveller,'  original  cloth, 
uncut,  3^.  3*.  Among  works  on  costume  we  find 
'Costumes  of  the  Russian  People,'  1800,  II.  1*. 
There  are  also  a  number  of  political  tracts. 


to 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 
put  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
heading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "Duplicate." 

J.  D.  HAGUE,  New  York  ("Though  lost  to  sight,  to 
memory  dear  "). — The  fact  that  this  line  was  written 
by  Horace  F.  Cutter,  and  not  by  Clarence  King, 
was  pointed  out  by  another  New  York  corre- 
spondent, MR.  V.  C.  EBERLIN,  at  10th  S.  ii.  345. 

C.  L.  GULLIVKR  ("  Dawe  Family  "). — An  account 
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from  1695  to  the  present  time  .will  be  found  in 
Burke's  '  Landed  Gentry,'  1898,  vol.  i.  p.  385. 

ERRATUM.— Ante,  p.  155,  col.  1,  1.  22,  for  "bags" 
read  lays. 

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With  Introduction  by  JOSEPH  KNIGHT,  F.8.A. 

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181 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  III  ARCH  11,  1905. 


CONTENTS.— No.  63. 

NOTES  :— London  Street-names,  181— Treasure-trove,  182  — 
Shakespeariana,  183— Zemstvo  and  Zemsky-Sobdr— James 
Quin,  the  Actor— Church  Music,  185— "  Pride"  as  a  Verb 
—The  Author  of  'Thealma  and  Clearchus  '— Anvari,  Per- 
sian Poet—"  Sax  "— '  Index  of  Archwological  Papers,'  186. 

<JUERIES  :— Great  Hollow  Elm  at  Hampstead  —  Chapel 
Meadow  at  WestboDe— Stratford  Kesidents  in  the  Eigh- 
teenth Century— Bishop  Colenso— Seventeenth-Century 
Historical  Tract  —  Kocque's  and  Horwood's  Maps  of 
London,  187 — "  Undertaker  "—Hills  of  Moretonhampstead 
—Slate  Clubs  -  "  Parkers  "—Theft  from  Sir  George  Warren 
— Parrel!  of  the  Pavilion  Theatre—"  Luc  "—Tom  Sheridan 
—American  Place-names— Byron  and  Greek  Grammar— 
"  Monmouth  Street  of  literature  "—Heraldic,  188— Mar- 
mont  Family  —  Tom  Taylor  on  Whewell  —  Caltdonian 
C.>ffee-house— Bridgets  Hill,  16i>. 

REPLIES  :-Coliseums  Old  and  New,  ISO-'-  Pompelmous" 
— Cosas  de  Kspaiia,  191— Duelling,  192— "The  "  as  part  of 
Title— Martello  Towers— "As  such  "— Woolmen  in  the 
Fifteenth  Century  —  Treaty  of  Utrecht— Kev.  Kandolph 
Marriott— Small  Parishes,  19-'J  —  Franciscus  de  Platea— 
"  Algarva"— Sir  Walter  Ka!eigh's  '  Historic  of  the  World,' 
101— Sothern's  Lo-don  Kesidence— Statutes  of  Merton  — 
1  Moser's  Vestiges  '—Peg  Wofli  igtoii  Portraits  —  Biblio- 
g'aphy  of  Epitaphs  — Queen  of  Duncan  II.,  19o—  Edmond 
Hoyle— Bibliographical  Netes  on  Dickens  nn«l  Thackeray 
— Capt.  G.  Shelvocke— Besant,  195— "  Lead  "=Language 
— Sir  Abraham  Shipman — Authors  Wanted — "Sarum"— 
"Tourmaline" — Lefroy  Family,  197. 

KOTKS    ON    BOOKS -.-Facsimile   of   Chaucer  —  Pepys's 
Diary  —  'The  Canterbury   Pilgrimages'  —  'The   Dickens 
Country  ' — '  Dictionary  of  Slang  ' — '  The  Falstaff  Le" ' 
— '  Burlington  Magazine  ' — Reviews  and  Magazines. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


»ff  Letters ' 


LONDON   STREET-NAMES. 


IN  The  AntiyiMi1!/  for  Januarj7  there  is  a 
paper  under  this  heading  by  the  llev.  W.  J. 
Loftie,  which  not  only  contains  some  state- 
ments with  which  all  London  antiquaries 
must  be  in  agreement,  but  also  includes 
others  which  appear  to  be  open  to  question, 
and  which,  considering  the  high  authority  of 
the  writer,  should  not,  I  venture  to  think, 
be  allowed  to  pass  without  discussion.  Mr. 
Loftie  justly  says  that 

"  when  Stow  records  his  own  observations  he  is 
well-nigh  infallible.  When  he  tries  to  account  for 
words  in  Anglo-Saxon,  old  English,  or  French,  he 
nearly  always  fails." 

I  have  always  maintained  that  Stow  is  a 
better  topographer  than  etymologist,  but  I 
would  not.  go  so  far  as  to  assert  that  he  is 
nearly  always  wrong.  As  an  instance,  Mr. 
Loftie  says  :  — 

"  He  tells  us  about  the  Grass  Market  which  was 
part  of  East  Cheap  ;  he  knows  that  Gracechurch 
is  a  corruption  of  Grass-church.  But  when  he 
comes  to  the  adjoining  haymarket,  he  does  not 
know  the  old  English  word  'foin,'  from  the 
•French  join,  and  has  to  invent  a  'fen'  to  account 
for  the  name  of  Fenchurch." 

Now,  this  is  hardly  fair  to  Stow,  for  he 
gives  an  al  ternativ-e  etymology  for  Fenchurch, 


saying  it  took  its  name  of  a  fenny  or  moorish 
ground,  but  adding  that  "others  be  of 
opinion  that  it  took  that  name  of  Futmini, 
that  is,  hay  sold  there,  as  Grasse  street  took 
the  name  of  grass,  or  herbs,  there  sold."  But 
in  his  ignorance  of  the  "old  English  word 
'foin,'"  in  the  sense  of  hay,  Stow  was  exactly 
in  the  same  case  as  Dr.  Murray,  for  if  the 
'H.E.D.'  be  consulted  it  will  be  seen  that 
there  are  only  two  principal  significations  of 
"foin"  in  English,  one  meaning  an  animal 
of  the  polecat  or  weasel  kind,  and  the  other, 
both  substantively  and  verbally,  a  thrust 
with  a  pointed  weapon.  Dr.  Murray  entirely 
ignores  "foin  "  with  the  meaning  of  hay,  and 
it  would  be  interesting  to  know  Mr.  Loftie's 
authority  for  his  statement.*  Until  this  is 
produced,  I  think  we  must  be  content  with 
the  theory  that,  the  church  of  St.  Gabriel 
having  been  constructed  on  marshy  or  muddy 
ground,  the  street  took  its  name  of  Fenchurch 
from  that  circumstance,  t 

Next,  in  dealing  with  Fetter  Lane,  Mr. 
Loftie  says  that  this  is  one  of  the  names  over 
which  Stow,  through  ignorance,  stumbles 
badly.  Stow,  it  will  be  remembered,  call* 
it  Fewter  Lane,  and  derives  it  from  the 
"  Fewters  "  (or  idle  people)  lying  there.  Mr. 
Loftie,  however,  says  its  designation  is  owing 
to  the  fact  that  the  men  who  made  fetters 
lived  there.  If  we  turn  to  such  an  authority 
as  the  '  Calendar  of  Husting  Wills,'  we  find 
that  in  1312  it  was  spelt  "Faiter esl an e" 
(i.  230);  in  1315  it  was  spelt  "  Faytoreslane" 
(i.  252) ;  in  1329  30  it  was  spelt  in  the  same 
way,  and  also  "Fayturlane"  (i.  357) ;  in  1345- 
it  was  spelt  "Faytourlane"  (i.  481);  and  in. 
1357  "Faiturlane"  (i.  698).  Xow,  if  we  again 
turn  to  the  '  H.E.D.,'  we  find  that  "faitour  " 
or  "  fay  tor "  means  an  "  impostor  or  cheat, 
especially  a  vagrant  who  shams  illness  or 
pretends  to  tell  fortunes,"  and  that  in  com- 
position it  may  become  "fetter,"  as  in 
"feitergrasse;:  (1534),  which  in  1598  was  spelt 
"  fettergrass."  But  when  we  turn  to  the 
word  "  fetter,"  signifying  chains  or  shackles, 
we  find  that  in  no  period  of  its  history  was 


*  As  a  matter  of  fact,  the  old  City  haymarket 
was  not  situated  in  Fenchurch  Street,  but  near  the 
church  of  Allhallows  the  Great  in  Upper  Thames 
Street,  which  was  anciently  known  as  Allhallows 
ad  F'xnum,  just  as  the  church  of  St.  Michael  in 
Cheapside  was  called  St.  Michael  ad  Blculum,  from 
its  proximity  to  the  cornmarket. 

t  There  is,  however,  another  possible  derivation. 
In  the  earliest  records  Fenchurch  is  nearly 
always  spelt  Fanchurch,  or  occasionally  Vanchurch. 
('  Calendar  of  Husting  Wills,'  i.  648).  The  church, 
either  of  St.  Gabriel  or  St.  Mary,  may  therefore 
have  deri%-ed  its  name  from  a  large  winnowing  fan 
or  van  in  its  neighbourhood. 


182 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [io*  s.  in.  MARCH  n,  i%5. 


it  spelt  with  an  a,  as  "faitour"  or  "fay tor," 
but  invariably  with  an  e.  Stow,  therefore, 
may  not  have  been  so  ignorant  after  all. 

We  are  further  told  by  Mr.  Loftie  that 
"Ridgeinere"  was  so  called  from  a  pond 
which  was  on  the  ridge  between  Holborn 
and  Marylebone,  and  that  this  pond  or 
"mere"  was  drained  by  William  Bleumnd, 
the  eponymus  of  Bloomsbury.  The  situation 
of  the  manor  of  Ridgemere  or  Rugrnore, 
which  had  always  been  a  puzzle  to  topo- 
graphers, was  thoroughly  worked  out  by 
Mr.  A.  M.  Davies  in  The  Home  Counties 
Magazine,  vol.  iv.  (1903)  pp.  20,  120;  and 
Mr.  Davies's  conclusions  were  substantially 
identical  with  those  which  I  had  previously 
reached  in  a  paper  printed  in  The  St.  Pancras 
Guardian  for  2  March,  1900.  No  evidence 
substantiating  Mr.  Loftie's  assertion  that 
there  was  a  pond  in  Ridgemere,  and  that 
William  Blemund  drained  it,  is,  so  far  as  I 
know,  to  be  found  anywhere.  The  manor 
evidently  derived  its  name  from  the  ridge  or 
higher  ground  that  separated  the  parishes  of 
St.  Pancras,  Hampstead,  and  St.  Marylebone, 
and  the  second  constituent  of  the  word  does 
not  mean  a  pond,  but  a  boundary  (Home 
Counties  Magazine,  iv.  160-1). 

I  will  conclude  by  saying  that  Mr.  Loftie's 
etymologies  of  Piccadilly  and  Pimlico  seem 
contestable.  The  latter  is  stated  to  have  been 
derived  from  Benjamin  Pimlico,  of  Hoxton, 
who  lived  before  1589,  and  who  was  called 
after  a  seaport  on  Pamlico  Sound  in  North 
Carolina,  whence  cargoes  of  timber  and  other 
merchandise  came.  Pamlico  or  Pimlico  is, 
according  to  Mr.  Loftie,  an  Algonquin  word, 
but  he  does  not  know  what  it  means.  Perhaps 
MR.  JAMES  PLATT,  JUN.,  may  be  able  to 
enlighten  us  on  this  point.  It  may  be  taken 
as  certain  that  there  was  no  North  Carolina 
before  1589,  even  if  Pamlico  Sound  was  in 
existence.  W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 


TREASURE-TROVE. 

IT  may  be  of  interest  to  readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.,' 
the  pages  of  which  afford  a  meeting-place 
for  the  philologist  and  the  antiquary,  to  be 
referred  to  early  uses  of  the  word  or  words 
"treasure  trove,"  and  to  passages  which 
exemplify  the  change  of  meaning  that  ac- 
companied the  substitution  for  the  word 
"treasure"  of  the  compound  substantive 
"  treasure-trove." 

To  the  time  of  Bracton  (temp.  Henry  III.) 
and  a  little  beyond,  ownerless  treasure  that 
had  been  discovered  was,  following  the 
terminology  of  the  civil  law  ('Dig.,'  xli.  ], 
31,  1),  alluded  to  as  thesaurus  ('  Laws  of  Edw. 


Conf.,'  xiv. ;  'Laws  of  Hen.  I.,'  x.  i. ;  'Dia- 
logus  de  Scaccario,'  lib.  i.  xiv.  ;  lib.  ii.  x.  • 
Glanvill,  xiv.  c.  2  ;  k  De  Officio  Coronatoris,' 
4  Edw.  I.,  st.  2  ;  Bracton,  lib.  iii.  c.  3,  s.  4  ; 
Fleta,  lib.  i.  c.  43 ;  '  Coustumier  de  Normandie,' 
fo.  cxxx.).  Thesaurus,  according  to  these 
authorities,  probably  included  all  treasure  of 
whatever  sort,  while  the  word  inventus,  with 
which  it  was  so  often  accompanied,  referred 
merely  to  the  fact  of  its  discovery. 

It  was  not,  however,  directly  from  thesaurus 
that  the  word  "  treasure  "  was  derived,  nor, 
of  course,  the  word  "trove"  from  the  word 
inventus,  for  which,  when  Latin  gave  place 
to  Norman-French,  it  was  substituted. 

Although,  during  the  first  half  of  the  six- 
teenth century,  "  treasure-trove,"  in  its  tech- 
nical sense,  appeared  as  a  compound  sub- 
stantive, even  later  than  the  period  of  Coke 
(ob.  1634),  the  words  "treasure"  and  "trove" 
occasionally  continued  to  be  used  separately 
to  denote  "  treasure  that  had  been  found." 

Britton,  converting,   in   the  reign  of  the 
first  Edward,  Bracton's  compilation  into  the 
vernacular   of  the  courts,  wrote  "de  tresor 
muscee  en  terre  trove,"  together  with  other 
things  "  troves,"  as  belonging,  in  certain  cir- 
cumstances, to  the  king  (Nichol's  ed.,  liv.  i. 
ch.  xviii.  i.).     When  expounding  the  duties 
of  a  coroner,  Britton  said,  "  Et  aussi  apent 
|  a  lour  office  de  enquere  de  viel  tresor  trove 
|  en  terre"  (liv.  i.  ch.  ii.  18).    It  is  clear  from 
these  instances  that  Britton    did    not    use 
tresor    trove    as    a    compound    substantive. 
Further,  from  his  close  following  of  Bracton, 
i  it  is  apparent  that  in  his  day  tresor  trove 
\  had  not  in  meaning  the  present-day  limita- 
tion. 

According  to  the '  Mirror  of  Justices '  (temp. 
Edw.  II.),  "tresour  auncienement  mucie  en 
terre"  was,  from  early  times,  retained  by  the 
king  in  the  absence  of  known  ownership 
(ed.  Selden  Soc.,  lib.  i.  ch.  iii.). 

Simultaneously  with  the  use  of  Norman- 
French  in  law-books,  letters  patent  employed 
the  older  word  thesaurus,  e.g.  in  the  patent 
"De  terra  fodenda  pro  thesauro  abscondito 
quserendo"  (17  Edw.  II.  in.  12).  Further,  the 
word  trovura,  according  to  Madox,  appears 
in  9  &  10  Ed.  I,  Rot.  4  a,  as  equivalent  to 
treasure  trove. 

Statham,  in  the  printed  edition  of  his 
'Abridgement'  (from  the  press  of  Tailleur 
of  Rouen,  1470-90),  stated,  "Thesaurum 
inventum  competit  domino  meo  regi,"  &c 
(Corone,  Pasche,  22  Edw.  III.),  as  well  as 
"Punysshement  per  tresour  troue  pris  et 
emporte,"  &c.  (Corone,  Mich  ,  22  Edw.  III.), 
and  "Cestui  a  que  le  proprete  est  avera  tresour 
troue,"  &c.  (Corone,  Mich.,  22  Hen.  VI ) 


10*"  S.  III.  MARCH  11, 1905.]      NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


183 


Fitzherbert  in  his  'Abridgement'  (ed.  1516) 
quotes  Statham's  entry  (22  Hen.  VI.). 

It  is  safe  to  say  that  in  neither  of  these 
instances  are  the  words  thesaurus  and  inventus, 
or  the  words  "  tresour  "  and  "  troue,"  com- 
bined to  form  a  substantive,  for  each  word 
appears  separately  and  to  be  used  with 
separate  significance. 

In  the  '  Expositiones  Terminorum  Legum,' 
by  Rastell,  printed  1527,  the  words  "  tresour  " 
and  "  trove  "  are  there  (for  the  first  time  so 
far  as  the  present  writer  is  aware)  clearly 
combined  as  in  the  modern  use  of  the  word, 
and  with  a  significance  that  approaches  the 
modern  limited  meaning.  The  passage 
runs  :— 

"  Tresour  troue  est  quant  ascun  money  ou  argent 
plate  ou  bolion  est  troue  ascun  leu  et  mil  contist  a 
que  le  properte  est  doncques  le  properte  de  ceo 
apperteynt  al  roy  et  ceo  est  dit  tresour  troue." — 
Brit.  Mus.  C  40.  g.  2. 

Here,  then,  there  appear  in  the  same  sentence 
both  the  substantive  "  tresour  troue "  and 
the  word  "troue"  as  its  verb.  Similarly, 
among  the  '  Acts  of  the  Privy  Council,'  under 
date  1550,  there  is  calendared  "A  lettre  to 

the  Lord  Russell to  go  with  certein 

persons  that  have  offred  to  find  treasure 
trovey "  Although  the  word  "treasure- 
trove,"  with  its  variant  spellings,  had  come 
into  use,  an  Act  of  the  Privy  Council  dated 
1593  used  the  expression  "  a  pot  of  treasure 
found  by  them." 

It  may  be  remembered  that  digests, 
dictionaries,  and  other  legal  literature  are, 
in  the  main,  but  reflections  of  the  official 
and  administrative  practice  of  the  king's 
servants,  which,  probably  without  reference 
to  publication,  have  been  proceeding  steadily 
in  the  interests  of  the  Crown.  It  is,  there- 
fore, not  unlikely  that  the  use  of  the  word 
"  treasure-trove "  with  the  limited  meaning 
preceded  its  appearance  in  the  'Expo- 
sitiones.' 

Coke  heads  a  chapter  (3  '  Inst.,'  133)  "  Of 
treasure  trove"  along  with  the  words  "The- 
saurus inventus,"  as  though  "  treasure  trove" 
was  their  true  rendering.  Yet  in  2  '  Inst.,' 
138,  Coke  uses  "treasure"  and  "trove" 
separately,  meaning  by  u  treasure  "  what  in 
3  '  Inst.,'  133,  he  calls  "  treasure  trove."  At 
this  period  "  treasure  trove "  was  thesaurus 
in  a  limited  sense,  for  it  did  not  comprehend 
all  that  was  included  under  "  treasure  which 
was  found."  Then,  as  now,  "treasure-trove" 
denoted  only  that  thesaurus  which,  when  its 
owner  was  unknown,  came  to  the  king  injure 
coronce.  As  regards  inventus,  it  would  appear 
that  treasure-trove,  before  it  was  found,  or, 
at  any  rate,  dug  out  from  its  place  of  con- 


cealment, belonged  to  the  Crown  ('Mirror 

of  Justices,'  lib.  i.  ch.  iii. ;  Case  of  Saltpetre, 

12  Rep.  13  ;  Reg.  v.  Toole,  xi.  Cox's  C.  C  ,  75  - 

Aurum  Regiute,'  p.  123 ;  Ruding's  ' Coinage/ 

The  word  inventus,  or  trove,  might  easily 
have  given  place  to  an  equivalent,  such  as 

hidden,"  "secreted/'  or  "deposited,"  for  the 
words  absconditus,  occultatio,  and  dejiositio 
all  occur  in  early  writings  on  the  subject, 
and,  in  common  with  the  word  inventus,  would 
have  expressed  the  requisite  idea. 

Upon    the    fact    of    thesaurus    becoming 

treasure-trove,"  and  not  "  treasure-hid,"  &c. 
—although  hiding  is  an  important  attribute 
of  treasure-trove—it  might  have  been  possible 
for  the  Crown  to  base  the  argument  that  on 
a  mere  finding  of  treasure  the  property  pre- 
sumptively vested  in  the  Crown,  so  as  to 
throw  the  burden  of  proof  upon  the  finder 
that  the  treasure  was  not  hidden,  but  was 
e.y.,  abandoned.  Whether  or  no  this  argument 
would  have  been  sound,  ownerless  treasure  of" 
a  certain  sort  is  now,  prima  facie,  treasure- 
trove  (Attorney-General  v.  trustees  of  the 
British  Museum,  1903,  2  Ch.  598). 

This  note  may  be  concluded  by  statin"- 
what  at  the  present;  day  appear  to  be 
the  essential  attributes  of  treasure- trove, 
although  to  establish  the  accuracy  of  the 
definition  would  occupy  far  more  space  than 
is  here  permissible.  Treasure- trove,  then 
consists  of  gold  or  silver  advertently  de- 
posited anywhere  without  abandonment,  the- 
owner  being  unknown. 

WILLIAM  MARTIN, 
Temple,  E.G. 


SHAKESPEARIANA. 
'Love's  LABOUR'S  LOST,' I.  i.  47-8.— 
O,  these  are  barren  tasks,  too  hard  to  keep 
.Not  to  see  ladies,  study,  fast,  not  sleep  ! 
So  far  as  I  have  noticed,  no  review  of  the- 
latest  volume  in  the  "  New  Variorum  "  series 
mentions  the  somewhat  remarkable  slip  in  the 
textual  note  on  the  second  line  quoted  above 
It  is,  of  course,  agreed  that  to  is  understood 
before  each  of  the  last  three  verbs.    It  is  not 
true,  however,  that  not  is  understood  before 
the  second  and  third  verbs,  making  the  line 
read,  as  Furness  gives  it, 

Not  to  see  ladies,  not  to  study,  not  to  fast,  not  to- 
sleep. 

Dr.  Furness  overlooks  the  fact  that  the  poet 
states  the  "barren  tasks  "  as  follows :  "Xot  to 
see  ladies  (negatively),  to  study  (affirmatively). 
to  fast  (affirmatively),  not  to  sleep  (negatively)." 
According  to  Biron's  way  of  thinking,  "  not 
to  see  ladies  "  was  a  deprivation  ;  but  "  not. 


181 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,  no*  s.  m.  MARCH  n,  iocs. 


to  study  "  and  :(  not  to  fast  "  would  scarcely 
foe  considered  hardships—  the  "barren  tasks" 
Avhich  he  was  seeking  to  escape. 

E.  MERTON  DEY. 
;St.  Louis. 

"ALL  THE  WORLD'S  A  STAGE,"  'As  You 
iLiKE  IT,'  II.  vii.  —  With  this  well-known 
.passage  may  be  compared  the  following, 
<which  is  referred  to  at  Cth  S.  iv.  311,  but  not 
:given  in  full  :  'O  Koofios  cnojvi),  o  /ftos  TrdpoSos' 
•  " 


Mundus  scena,  vita 
transitus  :  venisti,  vidisti,  abiisti."  This  is 
the  last  but  one  of  "Democratis  Sententise," 
p.  18  of  "  Demophili,  Democratis,  et  Secundi 
;Sententijfi  Morales  a  Luca  Holstenio  Editse 
......  Editio  secunda  ......  Cantabrigise  ......  1670," 

8  art  of  "  Opuscula  Mythologica,  Ethica,"  &c., 
antabrigite,    1671    (edited    by    Tho.   Gale). 
There  is  the  following  foot-note  :  — 

'"O  KOO-/JIOS  o-Kfjvij]  Egregie  Plotinus  Enn.  3, 
'•lib.  2,  c.  15,  Cfeterum  LTapoSos,  vox  e  theatro 
-et  media  scena  petita  :  estque  primus  chori 
ingressus  in  scenam,  primusque  ostentus, 
teste  Polluce  et  Hephsestione." 

ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

'HAMLET/  III.  :  ROSENCRANTZ  AND  GUILDEN- 

;  STERN.—  Although  it  is,  I  presume,  now  com- 
monly known  that  the  prototype  of  'Hamlet' 
is  to  be  found  (under  the  name  Hamblet)  in 
the  '  Histoires  Tragiques  '  of  Belleforest,  the 

^  first  edition  of  which  appeared  in  1567,  it 
may  be  worth  while  to  point  out  that  two 
of  the  characters  in  that  wonderful  play 

«  (Rosencrantz  and  Guildenstern)  have  their 
names  taken  from  those  of  real  personages, 
contemporaries  of  Shakespeare.  Axel  Gyl- 
denstjern  was  made  Governor  of  Norway, 
and  Jorgen  Rosenkrands  of  Jutland,  in  the 
reign  of  Frederick  II.,  who  died  in  1588. 
Rosenkrands  died  in  159G,  but  his  son  Holger 

.  (latinized  into  Oligerus)  was  a  great  friend 
of  Tycho  Brahe,  the  astronomer,  and,  after 
the  death  of  the  latter  in  1601,  edited  a 
second  edition  of  his  '  Astronomic  Instaurata? 
Mechanica  ';  the  first  had  become  very  rare, 
the  greatest  part  of  the  copies  printed  having 
been  sent  as  presents.*  _  The  principal  object 
of  that  work  was  to  interest  the  emperor 
Rudolph  II.  in  the  astronomical  instruments 
and  labours  of  the  author.  The  names  and 
arms  of  Gyldenstjern  and  Rosenkrands,  and 
other  noblemen,  appear  on  the  frontispiece. 
The  former  was  Tycho's  cousin.  Holger 
Rosenkrands  inserted  some  Latin  verses, 
"ad  generosum  Virum  Tychonem  Braheum 
de  Knudstrup,  cognotum  et  affinem  suum 

*  One  of  these    is  now  in  the  Library  of  the 
British  Museum,   and   has  Tycho's   autograph   of 
,-  presentation  on  the  fly-leaf. 


desideratissimum,  in  Zoilos  malevolos  et 
inscios."  For  many  of  the  above  particulars 
I  am  indebted  to  Dr.  J.  L.  E  Dreyer'a  ex- 
haustive '  Life  of  Tycho.'  W.  T.  LYNN. 

[Letters  on  the  subject  of  Shakespeare's  use  of 
the  names  Rosencrantz  and  Guildenstern  appeared 
in    The  AtkencEian    of   21   May,   1904,   from   Mrs 
C.  C.  Stopes,  and  of  4  June  from  Mr.  Percy  SiniD- 
son.] 

'  CORIOLANUS,'  I.  x.— Aufidius  exclaims, 

.  Nor  Phane,  nor  Capitoll, 
1  he  Prayers  of  Priests,  nor  times  of  Sacrifice  • 
Kmbarquements  all  of  Fury,  shall  lift  up 
Their  rotten  Priviledge,  and  Custonie  'gainst 
My  hate  to  Marciue. 

Charles  Knight  suggests  "  embargoes  all  of 
fury."  The  context  points  to  something 
which  restrains  fury.  "Embankments  "  seems 
to  me  to  enlighten  the  passage. 

T.  B.  WILMSHURST. 

"  MlOHING  MALLICHO  "   (9th  S.   xi.  504  •   10th 

S.  i.  162;  ii.  344,  524). —These  words  in 
Hamlet's  mouth  seem  not  to  have  any  refer- 
ence to  stinginess  or  unjust  hoarding,  but 
simply  to  mean  "  tricky  or  mischievous  evil." 
May  not  the  word  "miching,"  then,  come 
from  the  Italian  "  rnichelaccio,"  "a  tricky 
vagabond,"  which  itself  comes  from  the 
Spanish  "  miquelito,"  a  pejorative  form  of 
Michael,  the  proper  meaning  of  which  is  "  a 
pilgrim  to  the  shrine  of  Michael,"  who  was, 
I  presume,  the  patron  saint  of  tricksters? 
The  word  is  found  in  French  under  the  form 
"miquelet,"  which  was  applied  to  a  Spanish 
bandit.  As  "raallico"  is  confessedly  the 
Spanish  word  "malhecho"  =  Ital.  "mal-fatto,:' 
it  seems  likely  that  the  two  words  will  have 
been  an  echo  of  some  Spanish  phrase  current 
at  the  time.  The  French  word  "  miche,"  from 
Latin  "mica,"  seems  to  throw  little  light 
upon  this  passage:  the  word  "to  mike"  is 
given  in  Barn-re  and  Leland  as  a  tailor's 
word  for  "  to  skulk";  but  "  trickiness"  seems 
rather  the  idea  intended  to  be  conveyed  by 
Hamlet. 

The  word  "  galopin,"  a  messenger  boy,  has 
been  derived  from  ffaloper,  the  derivation  of 
which  word  has  been  much  discussed,  and  is 
supposed  by  Korting,  s.v.  "  quadrupedo " 
(7619),  to  be  probably  from  "*valuppare,"  from 
"  vapulo." 

"Micania"  is  glossed  in  Ducange  as  "la 
ingeniosita."  The  Michael  referred  to  may 
be  one  of  the  numerous  Byzantine  emperors 
of  that  name.  H.  A.  STRONG. 

University,  Liverpool. 

'  THE  Two  GENTLEMEN  OF  VERONA  '  •  FRIAR 
PATRICK  (10th  S.  ii.  344,  523).— The  interesting 
comment  from  Dr.  Morgan  and  DR.  PL  ATT  is 


10" 


•S.  III.  MARCH  11,  1905.]     NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


185 


its  own  justification,  but  with  all  respect  for 
the  opinions  of  my  betters  it  is  clear  to  me 
that  the  circumstances  require  that  another 
friar  be  meant  as  witness  to  the  flight  of 
Silvia  and  Eglamour.  The  appointment  was 
for  Friar  Patrick's  cell  in  the  evening,  and 
from  there  the  fugitives  went  to  "the  forest 
not  three  leagues  off."  If  Friar  Patrick  had 
expected  to  meet  Silvia  at  his  cell  at  a  certain 
hour,  it  is  hardly  probable  that  he  would 
have  been  wandering  in  penance  through  a 
distant  forest,  where  it  is  stated  a  friar  met 
and  recognized  Silvia's  companion.  Note  the 
care  with  which  it  is  explained  (V.  ii.  38) 
how  the  second  friar  happened  to  be  absent 
from  his  priestly  haunts -he  was  doing 
penance.  Friar  Lawrence  was  evidently  not 
discharging  the  duties  of  a  confessor  at  the 
time  he  met  the  wanderers  in  the  forest,  since 
he  was  then  himself  a  penitent,  which  is  an 
additional  reason  for  our  believing  that  he 
was  not  the  Friar  Patrick  who  was  to  have 
met  Silvia  at  the  cell.  E.  MERTON  DEY. 
St.  Louis. 

"PUCELLE"  ix  fl  HENRY  VI.'  (10th  S.  ii. 
524)  —  Pucelle  is  not  taken  as  a  surname  in 
one  line  of  the  play  :— 

Pucelle  or  puzzel,  dolphin  or  dog-fish. 

Act  I.  sc.  iv. 

The  writer  must  have  known  the  meaning  of 
the  word.  '•'•  Virgin"  and  "drab"  are  evi- 
dently contrasted  here.  E.  YARDLEY. 

"THE  PENALTY  OF  ADAM,''  'As  You  LIKE 
IT,  II.  i.  (lot"  S  ii.  524).-In  the  variorum 
edition,  1821,  the  line  is, 

Here  feel  we  but  the  penalty  of  Adam. 
The  old  commentators  thought  that  this 
reading  was  right.  It  agrees  with  the  con- 
text and  dispels  all  doubt.  It  seems  likely 
that  khakspeare  had  in  his  mind  the  words 
in  the  extract,  "  Both  heat  and  cold  did  vexe 
him  sore,"  when  he  made  the  Duke  speak  of 
the  penalty  of  Adam  as  being  the  seasons' 

itterence.  The  Duke  is  making  the  best  of 
this  adversity.  If  ue  admit  but,  instead  of 
not,  we  can  read  the  whole  of  this  admirable 
scene  without  a  doubt  as  to  the  meaning  of 
any  part  of  it ;  and  this  is  an  uninterrupted 
pleasure  which  we  do  not  always  have  in 
reading  Shakspeare's  works. 

E.  YARDLEY. 

ZE.MSTVO  AND  ZEMSKY-SoBoR.— It  has  been 
recently  asserted  that  the  Russian  Zemstvo 
and  /emsky-Sobor  (i.e  ,  a  county  council  and 
a  general  assembly  of  them,  or  Etats-Gene'- 


stitution  in  Russia.  Let  me  correct  thi* 
error.  As  Prof.  Morfill  kindly  pointed  out 
to  me,  these  Zemstvos  did  not  exist  in  former 
times,  and,  for  this  reason,  the  very  word 
which  denotes  a  Zemstvo  does  not  occur, 
except  in  the  latest  dictionaries  of  the  Russian 
language,  as,  for  instance,  in  Alexandrov's 
'Russian-Eng.  Dictionary,'  published  at  St. 
Petersburg  in  1885.  Even  the  new  edition  of 
Dai's 'Russian  Dictionary,' which  is  still  in 
progress,  does  not  contain  the  word.  Som& 
centuries  ago  Russia  was  endowed,  indeed,, 
with  a  sort  of  national  council,  called  Veche,. 
still  preserved  in  the  Polish  word  "  wiec,'  i.e.,. 
a  popular  assembly.  But  it  had  fallen  long, 
ago  into  desuetude.  H.  KREBS. 

JAMES  QUIN,  THE  ACTOR. — To  all  those- 
interested  in  the  history  of  the  drama  in  this 
country,  the  unveiling  by  Sir  Henry  Irving 
on  17  February  of  a  tablet  on  the  house 
No.  4,  Pierrepont  Street,  Bath,  where  this 
distinguished  actor  lived  and  where  he  died,, 
will  be  a  matter  for  congratulation.  From 
1734  until  the  appearance  of  Garrick  in  1741, 
Quin  was  universally  looked  upon  as  the 
first  actor  in  England.  Born  in  London,  of 
Irish  parentage,  on  24  February,  1C93,  he 
made  his  first  appearance  upon  the  stage  in 
1714  at  Dublin.  He  afterwards  made  his- 
way  to  London,  where  he  played  minor  parts- 
at  Drury  Lane  for  some  time.  In  1716, 
through  the  sudden  illness  of  a  leading  actor, 
lie  was  called  upon  to  take  the  part  of 
Bajazet  in  the  famous  play  of  k  Tamerlane,' 
and  this  was  the  first  great  success  of  his  life. 
The  next  year  he  exchanged  Drury  Lane  for 
Rich's  Theatre,  Lincoln's  Inn  Fields,  where 
he  remained  as  a  leading  actor  for  seventeen 
years.  The  two  characters  in  which  he 
succeeded  best  were  Capt.  Macheath  in  '  The 
Beggar's  Opera '  and  Falstaff.  In  1734  he- 
returned  to  Drury  Lane,  on  such  terms,  says- 
Gibber,  "as  no  hired  actor  had  before 
received."  In  1746  he  and  Garrick  acted 
together  in  'The  Fair  Penitent,'  but  the- 
latter's  superiority  was  admitted  by  all  com- 
petent judges,  and  Quin  withdrew  from  the- 
stage  in  1751  and  settled  down  at  Bath,  where 
he  died,  and  was  buried  in  the  Abbey  in  1766. 
The  Corporation  of  Bath  is  to  be  congratu- 
lated on  the  way  it  is  gradually  marking  all 
the  houses  rendered  famous  by  distinguished 
citizens.  FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 

CHURCH  Music.— The  following,  though  of 
modern  production,  so  happily  presents  an 
old-world  figure  and  style  that  it  deserves  to 
be  known  to  a  wider  circle  than  the  village 


.  — ^        v_      v..i/._u}     \si       j_j  tcfc  v<j     \jt  t-LlC"    I     *^O    *»  Ll\j  rr  n      C\J     tv     »*  BWI       Vll^ivx      VIIMH.A      vccv     v  u  t.iM^\^ 

mx  or  Landstande,  by  way  of  comparison)   of  Warnham.    Here  in   the  Sussex  church- 
are  a  mere  restoration  of  some  ancient  in- !  yard,  not  far  from  the  spot  where  Shelley 


186 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [io«- s.  m.  MARCH  n,  1905. 


•was  born,  stands  the  stone  inscribed  with 
•these  words : — 

"  Sacred  to  the  Memory  of  Michael  Turner,  clerk 
•and  sexton  of  this  parish  for  50  years,  from  Jan.  17, 
1830,  to  Jan.  20,  1880.  Born  May  2.5,  1796.  Died 
Dec.  18,  1885. 

His  duty  done,  beneath  this  stone 

Old  Michael  lies  at  rest. 
His  rustic  rig,  his  song,  his  jig 
Were  ever  of  the  best. 

With  nodding  head,  the  choir  he  led, 

That  none  should  start  too  soon  : 
'The  second  too,  he  sang  full  true, 

His  viol  played  the  tune. 
And  when  at  last  his  age  had  passed, 

One  hundred— less  eleven, 
With  faithful  cling  to  fiddle  string, 

He  sang  himself  to  Heaven." 
It  would  be  interesting  to  know  how  long 
old  Michael  continued  to  play  his  violin  in 
church.  In  the  country  district  with  which 
I  am  acquainted  the  band  of  various  instru- 
ments ceased  to  perform  such  service  in  the 
thirties,  the  time  at  which  he  began  to  be 
sexton.  But  doubtless  he  began  to  play 
early,  being  trained  by  some  prominent 
predecessor.  The  leaders  of  the  choir  were 
important  in  those  days.  In  my  own  old 
parish  in  Oxfordshire  I  have  been  told  that 
the  choragus  had  at  one  time  complete  com- 
mand over  the  aged  rector.  He  not  only 
chose  the  hymns  (versions  of  the  psalms  in 
those  days),  but  also  gave  them  out  himself 
in  such  terms  as  "  Let  us  sing  to  the  praise 
and  glory  of  God  the  hundredth  Psalm." 

HIPPOCLIDES. 
[For  modern  instrumental  choirs  see  8th  S.  i.  19.">, 
336,  498;   ii.  15;   vii.  127,  152,  311 ;   viii.  272;   9th  S. 
viii.  304.] 

*'  PRIDE  "  AS  A  VERB.— On  p.  7  of  the  third 
volume  of  The  Musical  Miscellany  (1729)  the 
use  of  the  verb  pride  in  the  song  '  On  the 
Death  of    Lora,   a  Lady's    Parrot,'  by  Mr. 
Baker,  is  perhaps  worth  noting  : — 
No  more  let  Lesbia's  Sparrow  pride 
How  much  for  him  his  Mistress  sigh'd, 
What  Tears  were  shed  :— thy  Boast  may  be, 
That  brighter  Eyes  have  wept  for  thee. 

In  this  context  pride  appears  to  mean  boast, 
vaunt,  pride  himself  on  considering  how 
much,  &c.  E.  S.  DODGSON. 

[This  use  of  pride  is  illustrated  in  Annandale's 
four-volume  'Imperial  Diet.'  by  a  quotation  from 
fSwift,  but  the  reference  is  not  supplied.  In  the 
*  Encyclopaedic '  appears:  "'You  only  pride  in 
your  own  abasement'  (H.  Brooke, '  Fool  of  Quality,' 
i.  368)."] 

THE  AUTHOR  OF  '  THEALMA  AND  CLEARCHUS.' 
— Perhaps  I  was  too  hasty  in  identifying  at 
•«th  S.  xii.  441  the  John  Chalkhill  who  was 
buried  in  Winchester  Cathedral  in  May,  1679, 
with  the  eldest  son  of  Ion  Chalkhill.  There 


was  a  John  Chalkhill,  of  Westminster,  whose 
estate  was  administered  to,  on  13  April,  1642, 
by  Margaret  Browne,  the  natural  and  lawful 
sister  (Commissary  Court  of  Westminster, 
Act  Book,  1642,  folio  121).  I  have  shown 
that  John  Chalkhill's  youngest  sister  was 
named  Margaret ;  she  may  have  married  a 
Browne  cousin.  GORDON  GOODWIN. 

ANVARI,  PERSIAN  POET.— I  cannot  find  that 
any  of  this  poet's  works  have  appeared  in 
English.  The  following,  which  I  have  trans- 
lated from  the  text  in  Pizzi's  '  Chrestomathie 
Persane,'  1889,  is  interesting,  as  being  so 
remarkably  Western  in  its  ideas.  I  fear  my 
version  is  rough,  but  I  have  succeeded  in 
preserving  the  rhythm  of  the  original,  which 
is  decasyllabic  (  —  ---  — '  —  |  ^  — '  ^  —  |  — 
-'):- 

What  is  Love  ?    It  is  but  to  be  a  slave. 
To  be  sorrow's  best  friend,  acquaint  with  hate ; 
To  be  slain  by  the  dagger  of  mishap, 
To  be  target  to  arrows  of  ill-fate  ; 
When  thy  love  decks  her  limbs  with  many  bands, 
To  be  bound  with  not  any  of  those  bonds  ; 
To  be  all  the  day  long  beneath  her  heel, 
Like  the  tress-tips  she  treads  beneath  her  heel ; 
When  the  sun  of  her  face  shall  deign  to  shine, 
To  be  dust  of  the  air  before  the  sun  ; 
To  give  pleasure,  the  more  thou  feelest  pain, 
To  expect  not  one  pleasure  in  return  ; 
And  though  trodden  beneath  a  hundred  slights, 
To  be  faithful,  Love's  duties  to  fulfil ; 
And  thyself  to  be  millstone  in  that  hour 
When  thy  bones  Love  shall  grind  as  in  a  mill. 

JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

"SAX." — A  sax  or  sex  is  a  slater's  tool 
('E.  Dial.  Diet.').  This  must  be  what  is 
meant  by  the  mysterious  "Saxon  seac" 
quoted  as  the  equivalent  of  "Secu"'  in  the 
query  on  the '  Sax  ton  Family  of  Sax  ton '  (ante, 
p.  129).  Of  course,  the  A.-S.  word  is  seax ; 
and  the  spelling  seac  is  just  as  impossible  as 
the  accompanying  statement  that  the  Latin 
for  "  axe  "  is  securus,  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

'INDEX  OF  ARCHAEOLOGICAL  PAPERS.' — 
Prof.  Gross  mentions  at  p.  10  of  his  'Sources 
and  Literature  of  English  History,'  1900, 
that  "  Mr.  Gomme  is  preparing  an  Index  of 
Archaeological  Papers  published  from  1682 
to  1890."  Mr.  Gomme  has  done  yeoman 
service  in  his  annual  indexes,  and  in  the 
admirably  indexed  "Gentleman's  Magazine 
Library."  No  one  who  has  used  such  an 
!ndex  can  fail  to  recognize  the  difficulties  of 
ihe  task — quite  apart  from  its  bulk — which 
would  dismay  any  less  intrepid  energy.  But 
[  think  I  express  the  feelings  of  the  vast 
majority  of  your  readers  in  assuring  Mr. 
jomme  that  we  look  forward  with  impatience 
'or  this  further  boon.  Q.  V. 


10'"  S.  III.  MARCH  11,  1905.]      NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


187 


Qimitt. 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  sent  to  them 
direct. 

GREAT  HOLLOW  ELM  AT  HAMPSTEAD.— The 
question,  Where  was  this  tree  ?  was  asked  in 
the  First  Series,  but  did  not  elicit  any  reply. 
Hollar's  engraving  of  it  (Vertue,  Xo.  70  ; 
Parthey,  Xo.  979)  was  reproduced  by  Park 
in  his  '  History  of  Hampstead,  Middlesex,' 
together  with  extracts  from  the  letterpress 
with  which  it  is  surrounded  on  the  broadside 
in  which  it  was  issued  ;  but  Park  adds  the 
following  foot-note:  "  I  have  not  ascertained 
the  situation  of  this  tree."  In  the  Print- 
Room,  British  Museum,  there  is  a  proof  im- 
pression, unlettered  except  "  \V.  Hollar  delin. 
et  sculp.  1653,"  but  under  is  inscribed  in  an 
old  hand  "  Langley  Park,  near  Windsor.'"' 

There  are  three  Hampsteads  in  Berkshire  : 
Hampstead  Xorris,  in  which  parish  Langley 
Park  is  situated,  Hampstead  Marshall,  and 
East  Hampstead.  The  doggerel  verses  which 
surround  the  print  do  not  yield  us  any  de- 
finite clue,  and  an  inquiry  of  the  lady  who  at 
present  resides  at  Langley  Park  elicited  only 
a  very  courteous  expression  of  regret  that  she 
could  not  give  me  any  information  on  the 
subject. 

I  have  not  been  able  to  trace  any  allusion 
to  the  tree  either  in  Middlesex  or  Berkshire 
books,  or  in  works  on  remarkable  trees.  The 
exact  locality  of  this  tree  is  still  an  open  ques- 
tion. Of  quite  exceptional  interest,  and  en- ' 
graved  by  one  of  the  foremost  of  artists,  it  does 
seem  strange  that  all  evidence  of  its  identity, 
save  such  as  can  be  learned  from  the  lines 
on  the  broadsheet,  should  have  apparently 
disappeared.  May  I  express  a  hope  that  this 
repetition  of  the  query  may  lead  to  definite 
information?  GEORGE  POTTER. 

10,  Priestwood  Mansions,  Highgate,  N. 

CHAPEL  MEADOW  AT  WEST  HOPE.  —  Can 
any  one  inform  me  of  the  whereabouts  of  a 
deed,  dated  1650,  referring  to  the  "old 
Chappell  and  Chappell  meadow"  of  West- 
hope,  near  Craven  Arms,  Salop?  The  deed 
was  seen  some  years  ago  by  a  gentleman  now 
deceased,  and  the  writer,  who  wishes  to 
consult  it,  will  be  glad  to  hear  in  whose 
custody  it  now  is.  X.  Y.  Z. 

STRATFORD  RESIDENTS  ix  THE  EIGHTEENTH 
CENTURY.— I  have  a  King  James's  Bible,  in 
somewhat  bad  condition,  but  still  unrestored, 
which  has  several  names  written  in  it,  of 
people  who  lived  at "  Stratford  "  in  the  middle 


of  the  eighteenth  century,  and  I  should  be 
thankful  if  any  of  your  readers  recognize 
their  patronymics  as  those  of  families  be- 
longing to  Stratford-on-Avon  or  elsewhere. 

John  Pearshouse  is  my  name, 

And  England  is  my  nation ; 

Stratford  is  my  dwelling-place, 

And  Christ  is  my  salvation. 
April  ye  25th,  1729. 

If  any  one  this  book  should  find, 

I  hope  that  they  will  be  so  kind, 

For  to  restore  it  unto  me 

Whose  name  in  writing  you  may  see. 

John  Pearshouse. 

The  other  names  recorded  are  John  Drury, 
Stratford,  1751/2;  Robert  Mercer,  Stratford, 
1752  ;  H.  Drury  ;  and  Henry  Pearshouse. 

S.  MARGERISON. 

Grey  Gables,  Calverley,  Leeds. 

[John  Pearshouse  may  possibly  be  connected  with 
the  Persehouse  mentioned  ante,  p.  167,  by  MR.  P. 

MONTFORT.] 

BISHOP  COLENSO.— I  shall  be  glad  if  some 
reader  of  '  X.  &,  Q.'  will  recommend  me  an 
account  of  the  excommunication  of  Bishop 
Colenso  of  Xatal,  and  say  how  long  after  the 
severance  with  the  Church  of  England  he 
and  his  followers  continued  to  work  in  South 
Africa.  (Miss)  GERTRUDE  AGAR. 

137,  St.  Saviour's  Road,  Leicester. 

SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY  HISTORICAL  TRACT. 
—I  recently  purchased  a  little  tract  relating 
to  the  execution  of  Charles  I.,  which  I  think 
may  interest  your  readers,  and  perchance 
some  one  may  be  able  to  enlighten  me  as  to 
its  author : — 

"  [Al,  Title]  Ecclesise  |  gemitus  1  sub  |  Anabap- 
tistica  Tyrannide.  I  Thren.  v  15  &  seq.  |  [4  lines] 
Anno  Dom.  1649  |  JKns  Martyrii  Caroli  I.  Britan- 
niarum  Regis  |  anno  primo.  |  [A2]  [Device,  preface] 
Bonis  Omnibus,  |  Hodiernis  &  Posteris.  |  [Ends 
A4  verso.]  Scribebam  Anno  Salutis  1649.  |  JEre 
Martyrii  Caroli  I.  Regis  anno  primo.  |  Regni  que 
Carol!  II.  Britanniarum  &c.  Regis  |  Anno  Primo,  | 
[A5,  p.  1.]  Ecclesiffi  gemitus,  &c.  Metrum  Primum. 

MP.48,  D4  verso,  "Metrum  quartum" ends.]  [P.  49, 
.]  Magni  manes  |  Carolii  I  Regis  &  Martyris.  | 
[P.  52  verso,  D7  ends.]    In  Urbe  Regia  sine  Rege, 
Anno  |  Regibus  Funesto,   mense  nul  |  lis   Febrius 
Expiando  [  die  atro."    D8,  errata.    12mo. 

Hazlitt,  Hi.  42,  mentions  a  copy,  but  gives 
no  particulars.  The  British  Museum  has  a 
copy  of  a  later  edition,  which  is  quite 
differently  printed,  and  does  not  include 
colophon.  It  ie  dated  13  July  by  Thomason 
as  time  when  received,  and  is  catalogued 
under  '  Anabaptist  Tyranny.'  Hazlitt  cata- 
logues it  under  ;  Church.'  H.  H.  PEACH. 

37,  Belvoir  Street,  Leicester. 

ROCQUE'S  AND  HORWOOD'S  MAPS  OF  LONDON. 
— Rocque's  'Survey  of  London,'  1745,-  and 
Horwood's  'Map  of  London,'  1794,  must  have 


183 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,   cio*  s.  m.  MARCR  n,  1905. 


cost  an  enormous  sum  of  money.  Neither 
Rocque  nor  Horwood  could  possibly  have 
recovered  a  tithe  of  the  expense  of  these 
surveys  from  the  subscription  lists.  It  would 
be  most  interesting  to  know  who  bore  the 
cost  of  the  actual  surveys  and  for  what 
purpose  they  were  really  prepared.  The 
same  question  to  a  greater  extent  applies  to 
Rocque's  splendid  plan  of  the  environs. 

ARTHUR  ASHBRIDGE. 

"  UNDERTAKER."— I  should  be  glad  to  know 
at  what  period  this  word  began  to  be  used 
exclusively  in  the  sense  of  a  manager  of 
funerals.  O.  P. 

HlLLS    OF    MORETONHAMPSTEAD,   DEVON.  — 

I  should  be  grateful  for  further  information 
about  persons  bearing  the  surname  of  Hill 
living  at  Moretonhampstead  in  the  sixteenth 
and  seventeenth  centuries.  I  have  exhausted 
the  Parish  Register  and  Exeter  Probate 
Registry,  and  with  the  help  of  a  Chancery 
suit  (Hill  v.  Norsworthy,  1696)  and  Subsidy 
lloll  I  can  trace  back  a  descent  to  1588.  The 
name,  however,  was  flourishing  at  Moreton 
before  that;  but  I  have  only  fragmentary 
references  to  earlier  individuals.  I  shall  be 
glad  to  exchange  notes  with  anyone  interested 
in  the  same  family.  R.  H.  ERNEST  HILL. 
58,  Chancery  Lane,  W.  C. 

SLATE  CLUBS.  —  Can  any  one  inform  me 
when  and  where  these  clubs  first  obtained 
this  name  ?  As  they  are  now  generally 
known  by  this  name  and  were  recently 
prominent  in  the  newspapers,  I  presume  it 
is  needless  to  explain  that  they  are  working- 
class  benefit  societies,  whose  balance  in  hand 
is  annually  shared  by  the  members.  Accord- 
ing to  Wilkinson's  'Mutual  Thrift'  (1891) 
they  are  also  known  as  "  Birmingham 
societies,"  though  "  without  honour  "  at  that 
city.  The  same  writer  observes  that  they 
are  common  in  Nottingham  and  Sheffield, 
some  dating  from  the  eighteenth  century. 
Further  north,  Mackenzie  mentions  there 
were  at  least  fifty  of  these  "Annual  P>enefit 
Societies,"  as  he  calls  them,  in  1827  at  New- 
castle alone.  But  where  did  they  first  become 
known  as  Slate  Clubs?  J.  DORMER. 

"FARKERS."— In  Gibson's  edition  of  Cam- 
den,  1695  ("Additions  to  the  Isle  of  Man"), 
it  is  stated,  "Neither  partridges  nor  farkere 
will  live  in  this  isle,  though  imported."  What 
are"farkers"?  P.  G.  RALFE. 

THEFT  FROM  SIR  GEORGE  WARREN.  —  Can 
any  reader  detail  specifically  the  sensational 
circumstances  under  which  the  order  of  the 
George  was  stolen  from  Sir  George  Warren 


at  a   Viceregal   Drawing -Room  in  Ireland, 
about  the  middle  of  the  eighteenth  century  ? 
It  is  alluded  to  in  the  following  epigram  :— 
When  daring  Blood  first  plann'd  to  steal  the  Crown 
He  chose  the  Cassock,  Circingle,  and  Gown. 
So  female  thieves  the  Prelate's  dress  assume, 
And  even  rob  within  the  Drawing- Room. 

W.  J.  L. 

FARRELL  OF  THE  PAVILION  THEATRE.— Can 
any  reader  versed  in  theatrical  annals  tell 
me  when  a  Mr.  Farrell  was  manager  of  the 
Pavilion  Theatre?  It  was  before  1841. 

AYEAHR. 

"Luc."— I  should  be  glad  if  one  of  your 
numerous  readers  could  inform  me  what 
kind  of  an  animal  a  "luc"  is.  1  found  it 
named  on  the  heading  of  a  correspondent's 
business  memorandum. 

CONSTANT  READER. 

TOM  SHERIDAN.— What  is  the  work  referred 
to  in  the  following  extract  (24  February,  1816) 
from  the  'Memoir  and  Correspondence  of 
Mrs.  Grant  of  Laggan,'  ii.  125? — 

''She  might  complain,  like  the  lady  in  Tom 
Sheridan's  novel,  who  said  she  passed  a  very  dull 
evening  among  a  set  of  grave  people,  that  sat  in  a. 
circle  and  talked  all  manner  of  goodness  for  three, 
hours." 

W.  P.  COURTNEY. 

AMERICAN  PLACE-NAMES.— I  am  anxious  to 
learn  the  title  of  a  book  containing  various 
quaint  pieces  of  poetry  and  prose,  also  the 
name  of  its  publisher.  I  remember  that  in 
one  piece  of  poetry  a  number  of  American 
names  of  places  are  brought  in,  one  verse 
running  something  as  follows  : — 

Here  wander  two  beautiful  rivers, 

Fed  by  many  a  runlet  and  brook  ; 

The  one  is  the  Skoodonabskoosis, 

The  other  the  Skoodonabskook. 

Perhaps  one  of  your  readers  can  help  me. 

ENQUIRER. 

BYRON  AND  GREEK  GRAMMAR.  —  Is  there 
any  truth  in  the  statement  I  came  upon 
recently,  that  Byron  was  the  author  of  a 
Greek  grammar?  D.  M. 

Philadelphia. 

"  MONMOUTII   STREET  OF    LITERATURE."  - 
Macaulay,in  his  essay  on  Machiavelli,  alludes 
to  the  "  threadbare  tinsel  from  the  Rag  Fairs 
and  Monmouth  Streets  of  literature."    Why 
"Monmouth  Street"?  A.  F.  R. 

[Monmouth  Street  was  known  in  the  eighteenth 
century  for  the  sale  of  second-hand  suits. 
Thames  Street  gives  cheeses,  Covent  Garden  fruits  : 
Moorfields  old  books,  and  Monmouth  Street  oldsuits. 
Gay,  'Trivia,'  ii.  547-8.] 

HERALDIC. — What  family  owns  these  arms  ? 
Azure  three  hounds  courant  arg. ;  on  a  chief 


ws.ni.MARraii.i9C5.]    NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


189 


arg.  three  hunting  horns  purpure  (?  gules) 
Crest,  full-rigged  ship  with  sails  set.  "  Pro- 
videntia."  Please  excuse  faulty  terminology. 

FRED.  G.  ACKERLEY. 
Libau,  Russia. 

MARMONT  FAMILY.— I  shall  be  much  ob- 
liged if  some  readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  can  give 
me  information  about  the  crest  and  motto 
of  the  Marmont  or  De  Marmont  family.  The 
family  is  descended  from  Marshal  Victor  (de) 
Marmont,  who  was  famous  under  Napo- 
leon I. 

There  is  a  tradition  that  the  first  member 
of  the  family  to  come  to  England  did  so  con- 
cealed in  a  butter-tub,  in  order  to  escape 
arrest  in  some  religious  persecution,  and  that 
a  butter-tub  was  henceforward  adopted  as 
the  crest.  No  copy  of  the  crest  can  be  found 
in  the  family,  however,  nor  can  it  be  traced 
in  any  of  the  well-known  books  of  crests. 

K.  M.  B. 

TOM  TAYLOR  ON  WHEWELL.— In  the  early 
forties,  after  a  scene  between  the  Senior 
Judge  of  Assize  and  Dr.  Whewell,  Tom  Taylor 
wrote  a  "lay,"  of  which  the  following  verses 
are  all  that  are  remembered  : — 

Ye  stoute  Maister  of  Trinitie 

A  vowe  to  God  riid  inaike 
Ne  Judge  ne  Sheriffs  through  his  hack  doore 

Their  waye  to  Courte  sholde  taike. 

Come  hither  to  me,  my  Porters  three, 

Come  hither,  Moonlight,  to  me  ! 
Tho'  he  be  Lorde  in  the  Justice  Hall, 

I  '11  be  Maister  of  Trinitie. 

Can  any  one  inform  me  whether  this  lay 
was  printed,  and,  if  so,  where  it  is  to  be 
found  ]  ARTHUR  DEN  MAN. 

29,  Cranley  Gardens,  Kensington. 

CALEDONIAN  COFFEE-HOUSE. — Robert  Bu- 
chanan, in  'My  First  Book'  (Chatto,  1897), 
speaking  of  his  struggling  bohemian  days, 
says  (the  wording  may  not  be  exact) : — 

"My  favourite  place  of  refreshment  was  the 
Caledonian  Coffee-house  in  Co  vent  Garden,  where 
for  a  few  pence  one  could  procure  a  meal  of  steam- 
ing hot  coffee  and  toasted  muffins— muffins  soaking 
in  outter,  worthy  of  the  gods  !  Then  1  would  light 
my  pipe  and  issue  forth,  glowing  and  oleaginous, 
into  the  lighted  streets." 

Is  this  coffee-house  still  in  existence?  and, 
if  so,  what  is  its  address?  F.  E.  P. 

BRI DOER'S  HILL.  —  Could  any  of  your 
readers  give  me  information  respecting  the 
origin  of  the  name  of  Bridger's  Hill,  Hants  1 
Prof.  Bell  notes  as  a  curious  fact  that 
Hogmer,  Woolmer,  and  Cranraer  Ponds, 
which  are  in  the  same  neighbourhood,  are 
named  respectively  from  the  wild  boar,  the 


wolf  (Wplvemer),  and  the  crane,  indicative 
of  the  time  when  the  wild  boar,  wolf,  and 
crane  roamed  in  Woolmer  Forest.  It  may  be 
that  Bridger's  Hill  takes  its  name  from  some 
ancient  clan  who  settled  there.  F.  P. 

[Could  "  bridgers  "  be  badgers  ?    This  is  possibly 
a  wild  suggestion.] 


l&tglit*. 

COLISEUMS    OLD   AND   NEW. 

(10th  S.  ii.  485,  529;  iii.  52,  116.) 
MR.  \V.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY,  in  the  con- 
cluding sentence  of  his  very  interesting 
notice,  writes,  ''It  would  be  of  considerable 
interest  if  the  name  of  the  proprietor  in  1845 
could  be  put  on  record."  As  a  boy  I  was 
often  taken  to  the  Colosseum,  and  well  re- 
member the  pleasure  that  these  visits  gave 
me,  and  I  quite  agree  with  MR.  HARLAND- 
OXLEY  that  pleasure-seekers  in  those  days 
were  well  catered  for.  It  occurred  to  me 
that  my  friend  Mr.  Edmund  William  Brad- 
well,  of  112,  Great  Portland  Street— the 
nephew  of  the  Mr.  William  Brad  well  who 
was  responsible  for  the  whole  design  of  the 
remodelled  building,  and  himself  employed 
thereon  —  might  afford  some  information 
which  would  be  of  value.  He  most  obligingly 
furnished  me  with  the  following  particulars, 
which  may  prove  of  interest  to  readers  of 
.&Q.':- 

"The  purchasers  of  the  property  in  1845  were 
Messrs.  Montague  &  Turner ;  they  were  large 
cement  merchants,  and,  as  stated  in  the  particulars 
given  by  MR.  W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY,  the  whole 
of  the  buildings  and  surroundings  were  entirely 
altered  and  remodelled  for  exhibition  from  the 
designs  and  plans  of  my  uncle,  Mr.  W.  Bradwell, 
and  carried  out  by  him  with  the  assistance  of 
my  father,  Mr.  E.  Bradwell,  both  known  for 
many  years  for  their  mechanical  skill  in  the  old 
Jovent  Garden  Theatre.  The  general  arrangements 
were  really  the  pioneers  of  many  details  of  the 
Drystal  Palace,  Earl's  Court,  and  other  exhibitions 
of  the  kind.  Most  of  the  work  was  carried  out  in 
a  very  permanent  manner,  and  by  the  ingenious 
way  that  the  promenade  paths  were  led  about 
through  modelled  classic  ruins,  fountains,  &c., 
gave  the  impression  of  the  place  being  much 
nore  extensive  than  it  was,  especially  with  the 
Swiss  scenery  and  chalets,  and  real  waterfalls,  fir 
trees,  &.c. ;  also  the  stalactite  caverns  were  very 
elaborate,  and,  with  the  aid  of  looking-glass  reflec- 
,ions.  added  to  the  distances,  &c. 

"The  large  painting  of  'London  by  Day,' which 
was  round  the  walls  of  the  centre  building,  was 
all  repainted  and  restored  by  Mr.  Parris.  It  was 
viewed  from  an  tipper  balcony  looking  down  as 
from  the  summit  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  and  was 
approached  by  a  centre  lift  and  staircase;  the 
surrounding  space  at  the  ground  floor  below  the 
picture  was  formed  into  an  art  gallery  or  saloon 
round  the  whole  circle  with  white  marble  columns, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [io*s.m.  MARCH  11,1005. 


frieze,  &c.,  and  rows  of  life-size  figures,  as  at 
the  Crystal  Palace ;  this  was  called  the  '  Glypto- 
theca,'  and  concerts  were  held  there,  and,  being 
carpeted,  it  formed  an  attractive  promenade. 

"  The  new  picture,  '  London  by  Night,'  was  de- 
signed and  contrived  by  Mr.  W.  Bradwell,  and 
painted  by  Messrs.  Danson  and  Telbin,  the  latter  the 
father  of  the  present  scenic  artist,  and  was  painted 
in  sections  on  large  frames  covered  in  canvas,  which 
all  folded  down  below  the  day  picture  out  of  sight, 
and  by  a  mechanical  arrangement  were  drawn  up 
to  the  horizon  for  the  night,  a  space  being  retained 
behind  for  the  lighting-up  the  windows  of  the 
buildings  and  gas  lights.  Also  cloud  effects  were 
managed  by  lantern  slides  passing  across  the 
moon,  £c. 

"  The  drawing  of  the  night  picture  was  obtained 
by  tracing  on  linen  the  whole  of  the  original  picture, 
and  then  transferring  it  to  the  frames  in  sections, 
which  was  a  work  of  great  labour,  and  required  a 
great  number  of  assistants.  I  niyself  formed  one, 
being  a  very  young  man  at  the  time. 

"MR. OXLEY  mentions  notseeingany  bazaar  stalls. 
I  think  the  only  ones  were  in  the  Swiss  chalets  for 
Swiss  articles,  and  these  were  also  used  for  refresh- 
ment rooms. 

"  The  '  Cyclorama '  with  the  earthquake  of 
Lisbon  was  in  a  building  purposely  built  in  Albany 
Street.  Although  connected  with  the  Colosseum, 
it  was  quite  a  separate  exhibition.  It  was  a  very 
elaborate  affair,  with  many  moving  and  mechanical 
effects,  and  was  also  designed  and  carried  out  bv 
Mr.  W.  Bradwell. 

"  I  may  mention  a  curious  incident  which  took 
place  at  the  private  press  view.  When  the  earth- 
quake was  proceeding  with  every  sort  of  con- 
trivance for  thunder  and  lightning,  and  in  the  midst 
of  the  din,  there  came  suddenly  a  tremendous  crash, 
which  shook  the  visitors  in  their  seats.  They 
thought  that  was  the  finest  effect  of  all.  My  uncle, 
who  was  sitting  with  them,  jumped  up  and  went 
round  to  the  back.  When  he  returned  he  said  he 
was  sorry  they  would  not  be  able  to  repeat  that 
effect  again.  He  explained  that  a  «as  explosion 
had  just  taken  place  in  a  shop  in  Albany  Street, 
and  blown  nearly  the  whole  of  the  front  of  a 
house  out  opposite  the  exhibition.  I  had  these 
particulars  from  the  late  Mr.  E.  L.  Blanchard,  who 
was  present  at  the  time. 

"  When  the  property  was  sold,  the  building  was 
pulled  down,  and  the  ground  is  now  covered  by  the 
houses  of  Colosseum  Terrace." 

There  is  a  good  wood  engraving  of  the 
exterior  of  the  Colosseum  in  the  second 
volume  of  Orr's  '  The  Land  We  Live  In.' 

F.  A.  RUSSELL. 

4,  Nelgarde  Road,  Catford,  S.E. 

Even  now  the  wonders  of  the  old  Coliseum 
in  Regent's  Park  have  not  been  exhausted. 
The  name  of  the  proprietor  in  1845,  which 
MR.  W.  E.  HARLAND  -  OXLEY  points  out 
would  be  of  considerable  interest  if  placed 
on  record,  was  that  of  Mr.  W.  Brad- 
well,  formerly  of  Covent  Garden  Theatre. 
It  was^  this  gentleman,  whose  genius  in 
decorative  art  and  in  the  production  of 
wonderful  scenic  effects  was  at  the  time 
well  known,  who  undertook  to  revive  the 


drooping  fortunes  of  this  prodigious  world 
of  wonders.  He  remodelled  and  renovated 
the  whole  of  the  interior  and  the  artificial 
gardens,  embellishing  them  with  a  thousand- 
and-one  ayre'mens,  outdoing  the  enterprise  of 
the  first  projector,  Mr.  Hornor,  about  three- 
and-twenty  years  previously.  The  Panorama 
of  London  was  almost  entirely  repainted  by 
Mr.  E.  T.  Parris,  who  originally  received 
from  Mr.  Hornor  the  drawings  which  con- 
stituted the  material  for  the  great  picture. 
At  its  renovation  it  was  said  to  have 
possessed  a  higher  interest  than  ever.  It 
should  be  noted  that  Braham,  the  vocalist, 
had  had  a  hand  in  its  proprietorship,  having 
some  years  previous  to  Brad  well's  advent 
purchased  the  place  for  the  giving  of 
concerts,  theatrical  performances,  &c. ;  but 
he  failed  to  put  new  life  into  it,  so  the 
interior  of  the  rotunda  was  entirely  recon- 
structed from  designs  by  Mr.  Bradwell.  The 
frieze  of  the  dome  was  enriched  with  the 
entire  Parthenaic  procession  from  the  Elgin 
marbles,  over  which,  in  panels,  were  twenty 
allegorical  subjects  painted  in  fresco.  The 
mountings,  cornices,  &c.,  were  in  gold, 
modelled  by  Mr.  Henning,  Jun.,  and  painted 
by  Mr.  Absolon.  Amongst  the  ruins  were 
those  of  the  Temple  of  Venus,  the  Parthenon, 
a  Roman  fountain,  the  Arch  of  Titus,  the 
Temple  of  Vesta,  the  Temple  of  Theseus,  and 
the  Temple  of  the  Sibyls  at  Terni.  The 
appointments  of  the  Swiss  Cottage  were 
"surprisingly  improved."  And  here  were 
the  lake,  the  distant  mill,  the  cottage,  the 
bridge,  and  the  mountain  firs.  Beyond  the 
lake  to  the  left  was  the  Mer  de  Glace,  in 
the  centre  the  towering  Mont  Blanc,  with 
huge  piles  of  rocks  and  glaciers  below,  all 
admirably  painted  by  Danson.  Down  the 
rock  rushed  a  cataract,  discharging  water  at 
the  rate  of  800  gallons  in  a  minute.  See 
further  The  Illustrated  Family  Journal,  1845. 

J.  HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

The  Times,  13  January,  1829,  gave  a  very 
favourable  account  of  the  private  view  of  the 
Colosseum,  then  in  a  somewhat  unfinished 
state,  and  again  when  completed,  13  August. 
The  price  of  admission  was  5s.  each  person. 
On  the  failure  of  Mr.  Hornor,  in  1831  or  1833, 
it  changed  hands  several  times,  and  finally 
closed  in  1863,  remaining  empty  until 
demolished  in  1875. 

In  the  British  Museum  is  a  collection  of 
Colosseum  programmes  from  1836  to  1840,  of 
a  most  miscellaneous  description.  During 
this  time  the  entertainments  included  marble 
groupings,  dissolving  views,  Swiss  Cottage, 
conservatories,  Bedouin  Arabs,  French  plays, 
English  ballads  (Mr.  Braham,  Madame  Sala, 


10*  8.  III.  MARCH  11,  1905.]      NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


191 


&c.),  stupendous  picture  of  London,  plays 
and  operas  (Brahara  appeared  as  Tom  Tug 
in  '  The  Waterman,'  with  Madame  Sala  as 
Mrs.  Bundle,  &c.).  The  price  of  admission 
was  3s.  G'l,  then  2s.  6cZ.,  and  finally  Is. 

In  1823  Mr.  Thomas  Hornor  published  a 
prospectus  of  'The  View  of  London  and 
Surrounding  Country,'  from  an  observatory 
over  the  cross  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral.  Mr. 
Hornor  gives  a  section  of  the  dome  and  the 
scaffolding  round  the  ball  and  cross,  with 
the  observatory  above,  from  which  the  views 
were  taken. 

Among  the  artists  employed  was  George 
Chambers,  a  native  of  Whitby.  When  ten 
years  of  age  he  went  to  sea  in  a  coasting 
vessel ;  he  was  early  devoted  to  drawing,  and 
after  many  vicissitudes  was  adopted  by  a 
Mr.  Crawford,  a  publican  at  Wapping  Wall, 
also  a  native  of  Whitby.  Having  heard  of 
Mr.  Hornor,  Crawford  took  the  boy  to  that 
gentleman,  who  was  amused  at  the  boy's 
being  able  to  paint,  and  asked  to  see  a 
specimen  of  his  work.  Hornor  was  so 
astonished  at  a  picture  he  produced  that 
he  at  once  engaged  young  Chambers,  who, 
from  the  nature  of  his  calling,  surprised  all  by 
the  way  he  hauled  himself  up  by  pulleys  and 
got  to  work.  At  the  close  of  the  day  Mr. 
Hornor  said,  "  I  want  a  word  with  you, 
sailor.  1  have  only  to  tell  you  this,  that  you 
have  done,  in  a  most  masterly  manner,  more 
work  in  a  day  than  a  fine  German  artist 
spoiled  in  a  week,"  and  according  to  the 
'D.N.B.'  he  was  employed  for  several  years. 
The  '  D.N.B.'  spells  the  name  Horner,  but  in 
the  London  Directories,  1823,  &c.,  is  "Thomas 
Hornor,  Land  Surveyor,  2,  Robert  Street, 
Adelphi,"  the  address  from  which  his 
prospectus  was  published. 

CHAS.  G.  SMITHERS. 

47,  Darnley  Road,  N.E. 

"Panoramas  and  such-like  exhibitions" 
have,  I  think,  delighted  us  as  well  as  our 
fathers.  At  any  rate,  I  well  remember  seeing 
in  London,  in  comparatively  recent  years, 
realistic  panoramas  of  the  Battle  of  Waterloo, 
the  Siege  of  Paris,  and  Niagara  Falls. 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

We  are  travelling  now  on  side  issues,  and 
mention  haying  been  made  of  exhibitions  long 
extinct,  which  have  left  abiding  impressions 
upon  us,  let  me  record  one  in  the  days  of 
my  childhood,  the  Diorama  in  Regent's  Park 
—perhaps  it  might  more  correctly  be  called 
a  cyclorama.  One  scene  was  very  effective. 
A  Swiss  village  was  depicted  with  lights  in 
the  windows ;  an  avalanche  then  descended, 


covering  all  the  houses,  excepting  the  church, 
the  spire  of  which  peered  above  the  snow. 
Another  scene  represented  the  Basilica  of 
St.  Paul.  The  room  was  darkened,  but  the 
light  was  thrown  effectively  on  the  scenes,  as 
in  the  opening  scene  in  '  Hamlet.' 

One  of  Spooner's  transparent  views  repre- 
sented the  Swiss  village  before  and  after  the 
avalanche.  JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 


"  POMPELMOUS  "  (10th  S.  iii.  168).— There  are 
several  kinds  of  large  edible  citrons,  of  which 
the  porapelo  and  the  shaddock  are  the  best 
known,  and  are  always  on  sale  at  Coven t 
Garden.  The  pompelo  is  the  more  esteemed 
of  these  two,  as  the  more  juicy.  Both  grow 
freely  and  ripen  fruit  at  Hyeres  and  at 
Mentone.  D. 

This  has  long  been  a  crux.  I  have  already 
begun  to  investigate  it,  by  request  of  Dr. 
Murray,  but  my  only  discovery  so  far  is  a 
very  old  reference  to  it  in  Dutch,  viz.,  in 
Walter  Schouten's  4  Oost-Indische  Voyagie, 
Amsterdam,  1676,  vol.  ii.  p.  165,  where  it1, 
printed  pompelmoes.  Although  included  in 
at  least  one  Malay  dictionary,  it  has  not  the 
appearance  of  being  a  Malay  word.  Its  first 
element  may  be  corrupted  from  Dutch 
pompoeii)  our  pumpirinj  which  I  find  some  old 
Dutch  authors  actually  use  as  a  synonym  for 
pompelmoes.  Yet  the  editors  of  the  great 
Dutch  dictionary  now  in  progress  do  not 
seem  willing  to  own  the  word  as  Dutch.  The 
termination  -moes  has  been  identified,  by 
some  adventurous  spirits,  with  Dutch  moes, 
pot-herbs,  greens.  My  objection  to  this  theory 
would  be  that  Dutch  moes  is  neuter,  whereas 
pompelmoes  is  feminine.  See,  for  instance, 
Filet's  'Plantkundig  Woordenboek  voor 
Nederlandsch-Indie,'  1876,  p.  87,  where  we 
read  of  "  eene  kleinere  soort  der  pompelmoes." 
JAMES  PLATT,  Jun. 

I  join  with  your  correspondent  X.,  at  the 
above  reference,  in  the  hope  that  the  history 
of  this  word  may  be  worked  out  in  the 
'H.E.D.'  Meanwhile,  if  he  be  interested  in 
the  question,  he  will  find  most  of  what  is 
worth  knowing  on  the  subject  in  Yule-Burnell, 
'Anglo -Indian  Glossary,'  second  edition, 
p.  721,  $.v.  'Pornrnelo.'  EMERITUS. 

COSAS  DE  ESPANA  (10th  S.  i.  247,  332,  458  ; 
ii.  474,  510). — Je  remercie  sincereraent  ST. 
SWITHIN  du  tres  interessant  article  au  sujet 
de  1'opinion  du  R.P.  Sarmiento  sur  le  Christ 
de  Burgos. 

M'acquittant  de  la  promesse  que  je  lui  avais 
faite  de  rechercher  entre  mes  notes  pour  voir 


192 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [io*  s.  m.  MARCH  n,  1905. 


si  je  trouvais  quelqu'autre  chose  a  lui  corn- 
muniquer,  voici  ce  que  j'ai  trouve  : — 

"  Este  Santo  Cristo  tiene  un  dedo  menoa  en  el 
pio  derecho,  el  cual  le  quite  un  Seiior  Obispo  f ranees, 
besandole  sus  plantas,  sin  que  ninguno  lo  advir- 
tiese ;  y  habiendole  llevado  ;'i  aquel  Reino,  se  dice 
hizo  tantos  prodigies  coino  prodtijo  cinifea  el  dedo 
de  Dios  en  Egipto.  Para  ocultar  esta  falta,  tiene 
los  huevos  de  avestruz  a  sus  plantas." — 'Historia 
del  Santo  Cristo  de  Burgos,'  por  el  Padre  Pedro  de 
Loriaao,  aiio  1740. 

Ceci  m'a  etc  confirme  par  un  carmulite 
dechausse  residant  a  Burgos,  lequel  araplifie 
8es  renseignements  en  y  ajoutant  quelque 
chose  sur  la  couronne  qu'on  voit  sur  les  ceufs 
et  dont  ST.  SWITUIN  n'en  dit  rien,  quoiqu'il 
possede  une  photographic  du  Christ. 

Voici  ce  qu'ajoute  le  Pere  Loriano  dans 
1'Histoire  citee  :  — 

"El  Seiior  Don  Pedro  Giron,  Maeatre  de  Cala- 
trava,  y  Fundador  de  la  gran  casa  de  Osuna,  recibiu 
una  gran  herida  en  la  toma  de  Archidona,  de  la 
cual  enfermu  de  niuerte  por  habersela  curado  en 
falso.  Llegaron  a  empodrecersele  los  cascos  de 
suerte  que  ni  sus  doniesticos  ni  aim  el  a  si  mismo 
podia  sufrir  el  fetor  que  despedia  de  la  cabeza. 
Encomendose  al  SS.  Cristo  de  Burgos,  ofreciendo 
visitarle  en  su  Santa  Capilla  si  le  daba  salud  y 
libraba  del  gran  trabajo  que  padecia.  Consiguiola 
en  breve  milagrosamente  y  viniendo  a  cumplir  su 
promesa,  agradecido  al  beneh'cio  recibido,  ofrecio 
doce  marcos  de  plata  y  una  corona  de  oro  para  el 

Santo  Crucifijo Pusierona.su  Majestad  la  corona 

de  oro  y  guardaron  la  de  espinas,  como  reliquia  de 
especial  estimacion  en  un  cajon  de  la  sacristia. 
A  la  maiianasiguiente,  descubriendo  el  P.  Sacristan 
la  santa  Imagen  a  unos  peregrines,  reparo  que  tenia 
en  su  cabeza  la  corona  de  espinas  que  el  dia  antes 
61  habia  guardado  y  que  no  parecia  la  de  oro. 

'  Turbado  con  el  suceso,  subio  al  altar  y  reparando 
con  atencion,  hallo  la  corona  de  oro  al  pie  de  la 
cruz,  como  arrojada  sobre  una  grada.  Dio  cuenta  al 
Prior  y  demas  religiosos  del  convento  de  lo  que  liabia 
visto,  y  sospechando  que  podia  ser  efecto  de  una 
disposicion  huinana,  volvieron  otra  vez  a  mudar  a 
S.  M.  la  corona,  poniendole  la  de  oro  en  la  cabeza 
yguardando  la  de  espinas  con  especial  cautela  y 
custodia,  pero  al  dia  siguiente  admiraron  repetido 
el  prodigio  de  ver  coronado  a  S.  M.  de  espinas  y 
holiando  la  corona  cle  oro.  Parecioles  que  para 
perpetua  memoria  del  milagro,  se  debia  poner 
patente  ;i  las  plantas  del  Santa  Crucih'jo  la  corona 
de  oro  como  lo  hicieron. 

"  Esta  corona  de  deshizo  despues  para  la  Fabrica 
de  la  Iglesia  con  facultad  de  la  silla  Apostolica  y  para 
la  perpetuidad  de  la  memoria,  tiene  una  de  plata 
sobredorada  actualmente  a  sus  plantas  el  Divino 
Crucifijo." 

FLORENCIO  DE  UIIAGON. 

DUELLING  (10th  S.  iii.  49,  94).— Among  ray 
collections  for  a  second  edition  of  the  '  Hand- 
book of  Fictitious  Names'  I  find  the  '  British 
Code  of  Duelling.'  In  collecting  for  a  second 
edition  I  took  a  far  wider  view  of  the  subject. 
I  always  made  a  note  of  any  book  as  to 
which  there  appeared  to  me  a  possible  clue 


to  the  author's  name,  or  about  which  there 
was  anything  curious.  The  result  is  that  I 
have  accumulated  some  10,000  slips  ;  if  we 
reduce  these  to  half  there  is  still  enough  for  a 
large  book.  As  I  have  said  elsewhere,  I  have 
made  my  last  effort  in  bibliography,  so  that 
I  shall  never  attempt  anything  more  than 
desultory  notes  such  as  this. 

Though  I  am  unable  to  give  C.  W.  S.  the 
name  of  the  author,  I  have  something  to  say 
about  the  '  Code  of  Duelling.'  The  title  goes 
on  to  say  that  it  has  "an  appendix  in  which 
is  strictly  examined  the  case  between  the 
Tenth  Hussars  and  Mr.  Battier,  Capt. 
Calla'n,  Mr.  Finch,  &c."  Accordingly  I  have 
it  ander  the  name  of  Battier,  though  he  was 
not  the  author,  as  appears  from  internal 
evidence. 

The  Literary  Gazette,  1824,  p.  585,  says  the 
printing  of  the  '  British  Code  '  is  "extremely 
careless,  and  we  fancy  [it]  will  not  have  a 
second  edition  " ;  but  according  to  Mr.  Thimm 
there  are  three  different  prints,  though  if  Mr. 
Thimm  is  right  not  one  of  these  is  called 
second  edition. 

The  Alcline  Magazine,  1839,  has  a  paragraph 
telling  us  that  after  he  was  dismissed  from 
his  regiment,  Cornet  William  Battier  went  to 
live  on  the  Continent,  devoting  himself  to 
literary  pursuits,  and  that  he  died  in  Paris 
on  21  April,  1839,  leaving  a  large  family  un- 
provided for. 

Your  contributor  ante,  p.  94,  refers  to 
'  Duelling,'  by  J.  C.  Bluett  (second  edition, 
1836).  He  will  oblige  by  giving  exact  refer- 
ence to  where  Bluett  says  the  'Code 'is  by 
Hamilton.  On  p.  ix  Bluett  refers  to  "a 
copy  of  a  work  upon  duelling  by  Joseph 
Hamilton."  but  he  gives  no  title,  and  clearly 
refers  to  Hamilton's  own  autonymous  book. 

Battier  is  a  most  uncommon  name ;  it 
occurred  to  me  that  it  was  French,  and  in 
Querard  ('La  France  Litteraire,'  1827,  vol.  i. 
p.  216)  I  find  one  Battier  only,  for  a  book  on 
fencing,  published  in  Paris  in  1772. 

Then  in  Lorenz's  '  Catalogue  General '  I 
find  another  William  Battier  (notice  the 
English  form  of  the  forename),  who  was  born 
in  Paris  in  1828,  and  is  a  professor  of  the 
English  language  there,  his  last  publication 
in  the  British  Museum  being  dated  1892. 

Gelli,  in  his  '  Bibliografia,'  suggests 
"  Batier,"  but  this  is  a  form  I  have  not  found 
anywhere,  except  in  Thimm's  'Bibliography 
of  Fencing,'  but  probably  he  has  only  copied 
Gelli,  without  investigation. 

I  have  spent  several  hours  looking  up  the- 
subject  again ;  but  I  think  contemporary 
periodical  literature  might  be  investigated 
with  advantage.  This  may  require  a  great 


m.  MARCH  ii,  iocs.]    NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


19S 


deal  of  research.  If  C.  W.  S.  happens  to 
know  anyone  with  plenty  of  time  (accord  ing 
to  popular  opinion  librarians  have  most  of 
this  on  their  hands),  I  think  the  name  of 
the  author  might  be  found. 

The  Battiers  in  London  were  an  "  alien  ' 
family  now  extinct.  As  to  this  I  hope  to  say 
something  under  '  Battier  and  Zornlin.' 

RALPH  THOMAS. 

Narbonne  Avenue,  S.W. 

"THE"  AS  PART  OF  TITLE  (10th  S.  ii.  524  ; 
iii.  38,  115).  —  A  conclusive  answer  to  this 
should  be  that  the  word  "the "is  not  used 
or  required  when  it  is  not  an  integral  part 
of  the  title.  We  should  not  say  "  the  Notes 
and  Queries"  or  "the  Punch"  and  it  is  as 
slovenly  for  English  writers  to  write  "  the 
Temps "  or  "  the  Debats "  as  for  French  to 
write  "le  Times"  or  "le  Daily  Chronicle." 
Some  have  gone  so  far  in  absurdity  as  to 
write  "the  Al-Koran." 

FREDK.  A.  EDWARDS. 

MARTELLO  TOWERS  (10th  S.  i.  285,  356,  411, 
477). — From  an  interesting  note  on  Martello 
Towers,  which  appeared  in  The  Illustrated 
London  News  of  15  January,  1848  (p.  30),  I 
copy  the  following  paragraph  : — 

"The  reason  of  the  Government  for  adopting 
towers  of  this  kind  appears  to  have  been  owing  to 
the  resistance  made  by  the  Tower  of  Martella,  in 
the  Island  of  Corsica,  to  the  British  forces  under 
Lord  Hood  and  General  Duiulas  in  1794.  This 
Tower,  which  was  of  the  form  of  an  obtruncated 
cone — like  that  of  a  windmill — was  situated  in 
Martella,  or  Martle  Bay.  As  it  rendered  the  land- 
ing of  the  troops  difficult,  Commodore  Linzee 
anchored  in  a  bay  to  the  westward,  and  there  landed 
the  troops  on  the  evening  of  the  7th  of  February, 
taking  possession  of  a  height  that  commanded  the 
Tower.  As  the  Tower  impeded  the  advance  of  the 
troops  it  was  the  next  day  attacked  from  the  bay 
by  the  Fortitude  and  Juno,  but  after  a  cannonade 
of  two  hours  and  a  half  the  ships  were  obliged  to 
haul  off,  the  Fortitude  having  sustained  consider- 
able damage  from  a  red-hot  shot  discharged  from 
the  Tower.  The  Tower  after  having  been  can- 
nonaded from  the  height  for  two  days  surrendered  : 
rather,  it  would  appear,  from  the  alarm  of  the 
garrison  than  from  any  great  injury  that  the  Tower 
had  sustained.  The  English,  on  taking  possession 
of  the  fort,  found  that  the  garrison  had  originally 
consisted  of  thirty-three  men,  of  whom  two  only 
were  wounded,  though  mortally.  The  walls  were 
of  great  thickness,  and  bomb-proof;  and  the  parapet 
consisted  of  an  interior  lining  of  rush-matting,  rilled 
up  to  the  exterior  of  the  parapet  with  sand.  The 
only  guns  they  had  were  two  18-pounders.  Upon 
this  hint  our  Ministry  appear  to  have  subsequently 
acted,  in  ordering  Martello  Towers  to  be  erected  on 
such  parts  of  the  coast  as  seemed  to  be  most  assail- 
able." 

Quite  recently  a  Martello  Tower  at  Hythe 
was  demolished  owing  to  its  having  become 
ruinous  and  useless.  The  destruction  was 


accomplished  by  the  aid  of  heavy  charges  of 
gun-cotton  and  dynamite. 

Some  years  ago  a  Martello  Tower  at  Clacton- 
on-Sea  was  demolished  by  a  cliff-slide.  One- 
of  its  old  guns  now  lies  embedded  in  the 
path  on  the  undercliff.  The  date  above  its 
muzzle  (1706)  is  clearly  visible  to  the  passer- 
by. JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

[A  briefer  account  of  the  action  in  1794  was  sup- 
plied by  VV.  S.  at  10th  S.  i.  477  in  a  letter  from  Lord 
Hood.  Is  the  date  on  the  gun  possibly  1796?] 

"As  SUCH"  (10th  S.  iii.  49).— The  meaning, 
of  the  words  in  the  second  extract  given  by 
J.  T.  F.  seems  to  be  that  W.  F.  was  introduced- 
as  "an  artist  and  worth  as  a  man"  of  the 
preceding  sentence.  I  do  not  think  the  words- 
can  be  the  equivalent  of  "accordingly." 

it  B-R. 

WOOLMEN  IX  THE  FIFTEENTH  CENTURY  (10tb 

S.  ii.  448, 514).— In  Miss  Lucy  Toulmin  Smith'* 
work  on  'English  Gilds1  your  correspondent 
will  find  information  on  his  subject ;  also  in 
a  brief  account  in  Oliver's  '  History  of  Exeter/ 

E.  L.-W. 

TREATY  OF  UTRECHT  (10th  S.  ii.  627).— Jacob 
Johan  Doesburg,  '  De  Wording  van  den 

Vrede  van  Utrecht.  Proefschrift Utrecht/ 

Utrecht,  1886,  8vo.  Q.  V. 

REV.  RANDOLPH  MARRIOTT  (10th  S.  iii.  88)  — 
MR.  MASON  asked  an  almost  identical  question 
at  9th  S.  i.  249,  and  received  answers  at  ii.  116, 
317,  q.v.  W.  C.  B. 

The  Rev.  Randolph  Marriott,  D.D.,  was. 
the  son  of  Augustine  Marriott  and  Sarah, 
daughter  of  Peter  Tooke,  a  merchant  at- 
Constantinople,  his  wife.  He  was  born 
3  November,  1699,  and  was  chaplain  to 
H.M.  George  II.,  and  afterwards  rector  of 
Darfield,  co.  York.  He  married  26  October, 
1731,  Lady  Diana  Fielding,  third  daughter  of 
Basil,  fourth  Earl  of  Denbigh,  and  Hester, 
daughter  of  Sir  Basil  Firebrass,  Bart.,  hi* 
wife.  His  death  occurred  6  May,  1782  ;  and 
his  wife  died  29  March,  1756,  aged  forty-nine 
years.  Issue,  fourteen  children. 

JOHN  RADCLIFFE. 

SMALL  PARISHES  (10th  S.  iii.  128).— A  corre- 
spondence on  the  above  subject  occurred  in 
the  Daily  Mail  in  May,  1901,  and  December, 
1903.  From  the  information  then  supplied  I 
compile  the  following  list : — 

Ludlow  "Castle"  parish,  Salop,  popula- 
tion 5.  No  birth  for  upwards  of  sixty  years. 
Fine  old  chapel.  Service  generally  read  once 
a  year. 

Llancant  parish,  Gloucestershire,  popula- 
tion 4.  One  house,  church  in  ruins. 


194 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [ioi»  s.  in.  MARCH  n,  1905. 


St.  Christopher-le-Stocks  parish,  City  of 
London,  population  0.  No  church. 

Golding-on-the-Dee  parish,  population  2. 
Remains  of  a  church,  two  cottages. 

Northolme  parish,  Lincolnshire,  popula- 
tion 201.  Area  only  25  acres  20  perches. 

Upper  Eldon  parish,  Hants,  population  10. 

Haccomb  parish,  Devonshire,  population  7. 

St.  Bartholomew's  parish,  Suffolk,  popula- 
tion 7.  Church,  farmhouse,  and  cottage; 
extent  half  an  acre. 

Martinsthorpe  parish,  Rutland,  popula- 
tion 4. 

Creslow  parish,  Bucks.  One  dwelling- 
house  ;  church  used  as  a  harness-room. 

Grove  parish,  Bucks.  Farmhouse,  two 
cottages,  and  tiny  church. 

With  respect  to  the  parish  of  Upper  Eldon, 
mentioned  above,  the  Daily  Mail  of  27  April, 
1901,  quoted  the  following  paragraph  from 
The  Councillor  and  Guardian  : — 

"  The  parish  of  Upper  Eldon  in  Hants  is  situated 
about  five  miles  from  Romsey,  and  boasts  a  popula- 
tion of  ten.  The  village  church  stands  in  the  centre  of 
the  farmyard  of  one  of  the  two  houses  in  the  parish, 
and  the  farmyard  is  also  the  village  cemetery.  The 
building  dates  from  the  eleventh  century,  and  con- 
tains a  reading  desk,  communion  table  and  rails, 
and  five  pews,  but  does  not  boast  a  pulpit.  The 
living  is  of  the  annual  value  of  45£.,  but  there  is  not 
at  present  an  incumbent.  Occasionally  a  clergyman 
will  visit  the  district.  The  bell  is  then  rung  and 
the  parishioners  attend  an  impromptu  service." 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Boston  Board  of 
Guardians,  held  in  February,  1904,  the  clerk 
reported  that  the  overseer  appointed  for  the 
parish  of  Seven  Acres  was  dead,  and  he  did 
not  think  there  was  a  resident  left.  A 
member  of  the  board  stated  that  the  late 
overseer  had  occupied  the  only  house  in  the 
parish.  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

Among  small  parishes,  Creslow,  Bucking- 
hamshire, should  be  noted.  It  contains  only 
one  dwelling-house,  and,  according  to  Kelly's 
'  Directory,'  it  had  in  1901  only  five  inhabi- 
tants. LLEWELYN  LLOYD. 

FRANCISCUS  DE  PL  ATE  A  (10th  S.  iii.  108).— 
As  the  book  is  perhaps  on  some  religious 
subject,  the  initials  on  the  shields  may  be 
simply  those  of  Christ  and  the  Virgin  Mary. 
I.H.C.  is  a  well-known  variant  of  I.H.S.,  the 
•abbreviation  of  Jesus.  J.  DORMER. 

I  would  suggest  that  the  I.H.C.  and  M. 
referred  to  must  necessarily  stand  for, 
respectively,  the  sacred  name  Jesus  (the 
I.H.C.  representing  either  the  first  three,  or 
the  first  two  and  last,  letters  of  the  name  in 
the  Greek  form),  and  the  initial  letter  of 
Maria—the  reference,  of  course,  being  to  the 


"  Sancta  Maria  Deipara."  But  if  MR.  ALDRICH 
will  look  up  10th  S.  ii.  190,  under  I.H.S.,  he 
will  find  much  more  upon  this  subject. 

B.  W. 

Fort  Augustus. 

"ALGARVA"  (10th  S.  iii.  127).— Can  this 
refer  to  the  ancient  Moorish  kingdom  or 
emirate  of  Alfayhar  or  Algarve,  now  the 
southern  province  of  Portugal  ]  The  word 
is  of  a  pronounced  Moorish  type,  and  is  very 
like  the  Portuguese  word  "Algaravia,"  de- 
fined by  Valdez  as:  "The  Arabic  tongue, 
gibberish,  a  confused  noise  of  several  persons 
speaking  at  once."  The  Spanish  word  is 
"  Algarabia,"  which  in  pronunciation  is  prac- 
tically the  same.  E.  E.  STREET. 

Chichester. 

On  the  site  of  the  house  No.  115  in 
Chancery  Lane  was  the  residence  of  Sir 
Richard  Fanshawe,  knight  and  baronet,  and 
ambassador  to  the  Crowns  of  Spain  and 
Portugal.  King  Charles  had  great  confi- 
dence in  his  integrity,  and  he  was  taken 
prisoner  at  Worcester,  being  afterwards  sent 
to  London  by  the  rebels.  He  went  to 
Portugal  to  arrange  the  marriage  of  King 
Charles  II.  and  Catherine  of  Braganza. 
During  his  embassy  he  died  at  Madrid, 
16  June,  1666.  He  translated  Camoens's 
'  Lusiad '  out  of  the  Portuguese,  &c.  Algarva 
is  the  southernmost  province  in  Portugal ; 
the  word  is  a  corruption  of  the  Arabic  El 
Gharo,  meaning  the  west.  Why  this  word 
was  used  to  commemorate  his  living  there  I 
cannot  ascertain.  JOHN  RADCLIFFE. 

Algarva  is  the  name  of  the  most  southerly 
province  of  Portugal.  It  is  called  in  Portu- 
guese Algarve.  H.  A.  STRONG. 

See  that  most  up-to-date  and  useful  of 
encyclopaedias — Charnbers's— under 'Algarve.' 

Q.  V. 

SIR  WALTER  RALEIGH'S  'HISTORIE  OF  THE 
WORLD  '  (10th  S.  iii.  127).— My  edition  of  Sir 
Walter  Raleigh's  'History  of  the  World,' 
which  I  believe  to  be  the  first  one,  was  printed 
in  1614,  "At  London  for  Walter  Burre." 
Besides  Elstrack's  fine  frontispiece  it  has 
the  verses  'The  Minde  of  the  Front,'  and 
the  autograph  of  "Ri  Evelyn,  An0  1664." 
Richard  Evelyn  was  brother  of  John  Evelyn, 
the  author  of  '  Silva.' 

CONSTANCE  RUSSELL. 

Swallowfield. 

Editions  of  Raleigh's  '  Historie  of  the 
World '  were  printed  in  1614, 1628, 1650, 1666, 
1670,  with  life  and  trial  in  1677,  1687,  all 
folio ;  also  others  by  William  Oldys,  the  one 


10<"S.  III.  MARCH  11, 1905.]     NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


195 


containing  his  life  and  trial,  1736,  being  con 
sidered  the  best.    The  only  copy  of  the  1666 
edition  I  note  is  in  Henry  G.  Bonn's  cata 
logue,  1841.    None  of  the  writers  on  books 
say    the   fire   damaged    any  of    the   above 
editions.  JOHN  RADCLIFFE. 

SOTHERN'S  LONDON  RESIDENCE  (10th  S.  iii 
88,  111). — As  an  old  lover  of  the  drama  ] 
entertain  a  fond  remembrance  of  the  many 
charming  comedies  produced  at  the  Hay- 
market  Theatre  during  the  regime  of  Mr 
Buckstone,  and  I  am  therefore  in  a  position 
to  state,  without  any  hesitation  whatever, 
that  Mr.  Edward  Askew  Sothern  at  one  timt 
occupied  a  suite  of  rooms  at  332,  Oxford 
Street,  W. — a  house,  by  the  way,  only  very 
recently  rebuilt.  I  may  take  the  opportunity 
to  add  that  I  and  a  friend  were  present  on 
the  occasion  of  the  first  appearance  of  Mr. 
Sothern  as  Lord  Dundreary,  and  it  must  be 
admitted  that  I  was  subsequently  much 
surprised  by  the  great  success  of  '  Our 
American  Cousin.'  HENRY  GERALD  HOPE. 

119,  Elms  Road,  Clapham,  S.W. 

STATUTES  OF  MERTON  (10th  S.  iii.  8). — 
There  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  true  reading 
is  "mutare."  The  words  are  in  the  ninth 
chapter  of  20  Henry  III.,  commonly  called 
the  Statute  of  Merton,  and  are  printed  in  the 
'  Revised  Statutes '  thus :  "  &  omnes  Comites  et 
Barones  una  voce  responderunt  q'd  nolunt 
leges  Anglic  mutare  que  usitate  sunt  et 
approbate."  They  are  the  same,  with  imma- 
terial differences,  in  Ruffhead's  '  Statutes  at 
Large.'  Both  in  the  'Revised  Statutes'  and 
in  the  'Statutes  at  Large'  the  translation  is 
"answered,  that  they  would  not  change  the 
laws,"  tfcc.,  showing  that  the  translator  read 
"mutare.'''  LLYD. 

'MosER's  VESTIGES'  (10th  S.  iii.  128).— 
MR.  COURTNEY  will  find  in  The  European 
Magazine^  vols.  xlii.  et  seq.,  the  reminiscences 
of  Joseph  Moser,  under  the  title  '  Vestiges, 
Collected  and  Recollected.'  At  p.  7  of 
vol.  xlviii.  Moser  dates  from  Princes  Street, 
Spitalfields,  22  July,  1805. 

EDWARD  SMITH. 

Joseph  Moser  (1748-1819),  artist,  author, 
and  magistrate,  contributed  to  The  European 
Magazine  a  series  of  papers  on  London 
antiquities  and  history.  The  first  series, 
entitled  'Vestiges,  Collected  and  Recollected,' 
numbering  sixty-four  in  all,  appeared  be- 
tween July,  1802,  and  December,  1807.  A 
second  series,  called  'A  Historical,  Philo- 
sophical, and  Moral  View  of  the  Ancient 
and  Modern  State  of  the  Metropolis ;  with 
Observations  on  the  Circumadjacent  Coun- 


ties, Anecdotes,  «fec.,'  commenced  in  August, 
1811,  and  apparently  discontinued  at  the 
twenty-ninth  paper,  December,  1813.  They 
have  not  been  reissued  in  any  form,  and 
are  not  frequently  met  with  complete.  The 
value  of  their  information  is  not  great ; 
Moser's  own  recollections  are  of  interest,  but 
his  researches  are  frequently  at  fault. 

His  other  writings  include  a  volume  of 
anecdotes  of  Richard  Brothers  and  a  number 
of  unimportant  political  pamphlets.  There 
is  a  brief  biography  in  the  'D.N.B.,'  vol.  xxxix., 
and  a  portrait  in  The  European  Magazine  for 
August,  1803.  ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

39,  Hillmarton  Road,  N. 

[MR.  JOHN  RADCLIFFE  also  thanked  for  reply.} 

PEG  WOFFINGTON  PORTRAITS  (10th  S.  ii. 
226).— At  Newtownbarry  House,  co.  Wexford, 
my  nephew,  Mr.  R.  W.  Hall  Dare,  has  two 
sphinxes  about  two  and  a  half  feet  long,  of 
terra-cotta ;  both  have  the  body  of  a  lion 
with  forepaws  crossed,  a  lady's  head  of  much 
finer  clay,  and  on  the  shoulders  a  little  furred 
mantle  with  the  hood  thrown  back.  I  never 
knew  who  was  represented  till  I  was  lately 
looking  at  the  china  in  the  British  Museum. 
There  I  saw  the  familiar  face,  and  on  a 
sphinx  of  white  Chelsea  china  the  same  little 
mantle,  the  hood  on  the  head  this  time.  The 
back  is  that  of  a  lion,  but  instead  of  legs 
resting  on  a  square  base  the  figure  is 
terminated  by  blades  of  foliage  or  seaweed 
feathering  to  the  ground. 

MABEL  V.  A.  BENT. 
Hughes's  Hotel,  Jerusalem. 

EPITAPHS  :  THEIR  BIBLIOGRAPHY  (10th  S.  i. 
44,  173,  217,  252,  334  ;  ii.  57,  194,  533  ;  iii.  114). 
—The  first  couplet  asked  for  by  MR.  JOHN  T. 
PAGE  is  to  be  found  on  a  tombstone  in 
Skelton  Churchyard.  The  second— including 
the  variation  given  by  MR.  PAGE  and  many 
others— is  to  be  found  in  many  churchyards 
throughout  the  country. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Bradford. 

QUEEN  OF  DUNCAN  II.  (10th  S.  iii.  107).— 
The  remarks  of  D.  M.  R.  upon  Wm.  Fitz- 
Duncan  suggest  one  or  two  considerations 
which  would  seem  to  have  escaped  him. 
Has  he  read  any  MS.  of  his  'Cumbrian 
Chronicle'?  Has  he  the  fullest  confidence 
n  the  extensions  given  by  the  printed  text 
;o  which  he  refers?  If  a  negative  answer 
:o  both  questions  may  be  surmised,  shall  we 
jonsider  that,  after  all,  chroniclers  generally 
wrote  what  they  thought  they  knew,  much 
as  we  do  ourselves ;  that  they  commonly 
meant  something,  again  much  as  we  do  our- 


196 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,  [lo*  s.  m.  MAECU  n,  1905. 


selves  ;  that  generally,  if  their  words  appear 
to  make  nonsense,  the  presumption  will  be 
that  we  have  their  words  mangled  some 
way  ?  Here,  then,  it  is  reasonably  certain  that 
we  have  an  error  somewhere.  Pry  we  then 
into  this  chronicler's  mind  ;  let  us  see  what 
he  may  have  been  thinking. 

First,  it  is  probable  that  by  nepos  he  means 
grandson,  not  nephew.  Second,  iwtris  is 
presumably  a  misreading  of  2iatruus-  Now 
let  us  try  the  statement  again.  "To  which 
Alan  succeeded  William  FitzDuncan,  grand- 
son and  heir  of  that  Alan,  born  of  Ethred, 
sister  of  Waldeve  his  [William's]  patruits.''1  It 
works  out  something  like  sense  after  all. 


I 

Duncan=pKthereda        Waldeve 
.     I 

William  Fit/Duncan 

That  is  what  the  chronicler  appears  to 
say.  Patruus  and  avunculus  were  constantly 
used  without  the  least  regard  to  their  exact 
meanings.  Also  the  chroniclers  did  con- 
stantly wrap  up  much  intimate  knowledge 
in  a  manner  not  readily  perceived  by  the 
hasty  reader.  We  know  Duncan  II.  was  a 
bastard.  I  have  not  looked  up  the  details, 
but  I  perceive  here  a  plain  suggestion  by  the 
chronicler— if  he  really  meant  patrmis  (which 
it  seems  must  be  the  word  he  did  use)— that 
Waldeve  was  also  Duncan's  brother,  of  the 
half  blood  that  will  be  ;  his  use  of  the  word 
suggests  a  possibility,  no  more,  that  Duncan 
and  Waldeve  had  a  common  mother,  as 
Ethereda  and  Waldeve  had  a  common  father. 
These  little  matters  did  get  rather  tangled 
up  in  those  days  ;  we  must  not  forget  that 
they  had  no  president  of  an  interesting  court 
to  straighten  out  their  little  entanglements. 

H.  H. 

EDMOND  HOYLE  (10th  S.  ii.  409,  536).  —  ^ 
have  a  little  charm,  which  may  be  fifty  years 
old,  with  whist-markers  bearing  portraits  of 
Edmond  Hoyle.  In  case  XYLOGRAPHER  is 
anxious  to  see  this  charm,  I  shall  be  happy 
to  show  it  on  my  return  in  April  to  13,  Great 
Cumberland  Place.  MABEL  V.  A.  BENT. 

Hughes's  Hotel,  Jerusalem. 

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  NOTES  ON  DICKENS  AND 
THACKERAY  (10th  S.  iii.  22, 73, 131, 151).— COL 
PRIDEAUX  is  quite  right  in  identifying  T.  J 
Thackeray  with  Thomas  James  Thackeray 
I  am  sorry  that  I  cannot  give  any  biographi 
cal  particulars  of  him,  other  than  those  con 
cerning  his  published  writings,  which  may 
be  seen  in  the  British  Museum.  Thes" 


include  several  farces,  tfcc.,  issued  during  the- 
ate  twenties  and  the  thirties,  as  well  as  the 
ater  works  cited  by  COL.  PRIDEAUX.    The 
:act  that  Thomas  James  Thackeray  wrote 
the  libretto  of    'The  Mountain    Sylph'    is 
ecorded    in  the    Music    Catalogue    at    the 
British  Museum  under  John  Barnett,  and  is 
also  referred  to  in  Mr.  Athol  Mayhew's  'A 
Jorum  of  "Punch,"'  p.  10  (1895),  although 
there  Thackeray  is  shorn  of  his  first  initial. 
WALTER  JERROLD. 
Hampton-on-Thames. 

In  addition  to  'The  Mountain  Sylph,'  T.  J* 
Thackeray  wrote  '  The  Barber  Baron,'  farce' 

828,  Haymarket;  'The  Executioner,'  melo- 
drama, 1829,  Coburg  ;  '  The  Force  of  Nature,' 
Jrama,  1830,  Haymarket;  'My  Wife  or  my 
/•lace'  (in  conjunction  with  C.  Shannon), 
:arce,  1831,  Haymarket  ;  '  Gustavus  _of 
Sweden,'  historical  drama,  1833,  Victoria- 
Woman,'  petite  comedy,  1835,  Queen's;  and 

Penmark  Abbey,'  melodrama. 

WM.  DOUGLAS. 

125,  Helix  Road,  Brixton  Hill. 

CAPT.  GEORGE  SHELVOCKE  (10th  S.  iii.  61). — 
[t  is  well  known  that  his  'Voyage'  contain* 
the  account  of  the  killing  of  the  albatross- 
which  Coleridge  used  with  such  fine  effect 
in  his  immortal  'Ancient  Mariner' : — 

"  We  all  observed,  that  we  had  not  had  the  sighb 

of  one  fish,  of  any  kind nor  of  one  sea-bird, 

excepting  a  disconsolate  black  Albitross,  who  ac- 
companied us  for  several  days,  and  hovered  about 
us  as  if  he  had  lost  himself,  till  Hatley  (my  second 
captain)  concluding,  in  a  gloomy  lit,  that  the- 
company  of  this  melancholy  bird  brought  us  ill- 
luck  ;  resolved  to  destroy  him,  in  hopes  we  might 
then  have  some  better  weather,  and  more  favour- 
able winds  than  we  had  hitherto  had  to  deal  with  in 
these  remote  tempestuous  seas/'— Second  edition, 
1757,  p.  75. 

At  p.  411  is  a  description  of  the  soil  of  Cali- 
fornia in  1721,  testifying  to  its  auriferous* 
character. 

This  second  edition  does  not  contain  any 
allusion  by  the  editor,  George  Shelvocke  the 
younger,  to  the  scurrilous  attacks  of  William 
Betagh  upon  his  father  and  himself.  The 
latter  translated  from  the  French  (in  ad- 
dition to  the  work  mentioned  by  MR.  GORDON 
GOODWIN)  'The  Memoirs  of  M.  du  Gue- 
Trouin,' London,  1732;  second  edition,  1743, 
12mo.  This  was  noted  by  me  at  9th  S.  xi.  27. 

C.  D. 

BESANT  (10th  S.  iii.  28,  113,  155).— I  was 
acquainted  with  the  late  Sir  Walter,  and 
served  as  his  guide  when  he  made  that 
memorable  survey  of  the  Chinese  quarter  in 
Limehouse,  so  graphically  described  in  his 
'East  London'  (1901).  We  were  together 


10«"S.  III.  MARCH  11,  1903.]     NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


197 


the  best  part  of  a  day,  and  it  was  on  that 
occasion  I  asked  how  he  pronounced  his 
name.  I  had  it  from  his  own  lips  that  he 
then  called  it  Besant.  I  did  not  pursue  the 
.subject,  though  I  had  heard  from  an  indepen- 
dent source  that  he  originally  called  himself 
Bezant,  and  changed  it  in  order  to  be  unlike 
Mrs.  Besant,  the  Theosophist.  I  give  this 
for  what  it  is  worth.  There  is  evidence  that 
the  accentuation  Besant  is  quite  five  hundred 
years  old.  On  the  other  hand,  I  have  another 
friend  who  tells  me  that  in  his,  a  Shropshire 
branch  of  the  family,  the  sound  is  always 
Besant.  JAS.  PL  ATT,  Jun. 

"  LEAD  "  =  LANGUAGE  (10th  S.  iii.  145).— 
Fully  explained,  with  seventeen  examples,  in 
the  '  English  Dialect  Dictionary,'  vol.  iii. 
p.  565,  s  v.  '  Leed.'  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

Perhaps  W.  B.  will  oblige  further  by  telling 
us  what  sound  is  represented  by  "  lead  "  in 
the  verse  from  Forfar.  Is  it  the  sound  of 
lead,  phtmbu-m,  or  of  lead,  ducere  ?  Q.  V. 

SIR  ABRAHAM  SHIPMAN  (10th  S.  iii.  127).— 
Capt.  Shipman  was  sent  with  a  troop  of 
100  men  and  ammunition  to  Edinburgh 
Castle  in  January,  1639/40,  and  was  entered 
in  the  king's  service  there  on  15  February, 
with  an  allowance  of  15*-.  per  day  ('  lluthven 
Correspondence,'  printed  by  the  Roxburghe 
Club  in  1868).  As  Sir  A.  Shipman,  he  is 
mentioned  as  having  some  charge  at  Chester 
in  September,  1643,  and  was  in  the  garrison 
at  Pendennis  Castle,  April  to  June,  1644 
('Calendar  of  the  Clarendon  State  Papers,' 
vol.  i.,  1872,  pp.  244,  310,  323). 

W.  D.  MACRAY. 

An  inquiry  respecting  this  officer  appeared 
in  1st  S.  vi.,  and  two  replies  followed,  giving 
particulars  of  his  marriage,  services,  and 
death,  together  with  his  being  "  a  legatee  in 
two  wills."  See  pp.  360,  419.  I  will  furnish 
COL.  GRAHAM  with  copies  of  the  replies 
should  he  require  them. 

EVERARD   HOME   COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED  (10th  S. 
iii.  148).— MR.  LATHAM  asks  who  is  the 
author  of  "  Mon  verre  n'est  pas  grand,''  &c. 
Of  course,  it  is  from  A.  de  Musset : — 

Mon  verre  n'est  pas  grand,  mais  je  bois  dans  mon 
verre. 

I  thought  it  was  part  of  '  Le  Rhin  Alle- 
mand,'  but  it  is  not.  I  regret  to  be  so 
forgetful.  ALF.  HAMONET. 

"SARUM"  (10th  S.  ii.  445,  496 ;  iii.  37,  75).— 
If  MR.  HAMILTON  can  produce  early  docu- 
ments in  which  Sav  is  used  interchangeably 


with  tiarum,  I  hope  he  will  do  so.  Consider- 
able perusal  of  late  thirteenth-century  MSS. 
has  not  afforded  me  a  single  instance  ;  1  have 
not  thought  it  worth  while  to  note  those 
where  Say  interchanges  with  Saresliria  an  1 
the  like.  For  authority  on  the  point  I  may 
refer  him  to  the  Reader  in  Diplomatic  in  the 
University  of  Oxford.  Dr.  Poole  writes,  in 
a  note  on  p.  340  of  his  '  Report  on  the  Muni- 
ments of  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Salisbury ' 
(Hist.  MSS.  Comm.,  'Various  Collections/  i., 
1901):  "Mr.  Jones  regularly  prints  the  later 
and  notoriously  erroneous  form  'Sarurn'  in 
place  of  the  abbreviated  form  of  'Saresbiria.''"' 
The  italics  are  those  of  Q.  V. 

"  TOURMALINE  ":  ITS  ETYMOLOGY  (10tb  S.  iii. 
66,  115,  1 52).  —  Please  let  me  add  that  my 
success  in  giving  the  correct  etymology  in 
my  'Concise  Etymological  Dictionary"  (1901) 
was  entirely  due  to  the  kindness  of  MR. 
DONALD  FERGUSON,  as  stated  at  the  last 
reference. 

I  regret  that  it  has  proved  impossible  to 
name  my  many  helpers.  It  will  readily  be 
understood  that  my  work  is  rather  a  laborious 
compilation  from  other  men's  results  than 
anything  approaching  originality.  I  have 
really  discovered  several  word-histories  my- 
self, but  I  do  not  mark  such  words,  and  many 
of  these  etymologies  have  long  been  common 
property.  I  beg  leave,  once  for  all,  to  thank 
most  heartily  many  friends  who  have  given 
valuable  hints,  and  to  disclaim  all  personal 
credit  for  any  particular  result. 

As  to  the  French  form  tourmaline,  Hatzfeld 
says  that  it  is  recorded  in  the  '  Dictionnaire 
de  Trevoux,'  ed.  1771. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

LEFROY  FAMILY  (10th  S.  ii.  529).— If  your 
correspondent  will  turn  to  4th  S.  viii.  105, 
269,  339,  he  will  find  six  articles,  principally 
on  the  etymology  of  the  name,  and  a  refer- 
ence to  The  Herald  and  Genealogist. 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

The  Work*  of  Geoffrey  Chaucer  and  Other*.     Being 

a  Reproduction  in  Facsimile  of  the  First  Collected 

Edition,  153'2.     With  an  Introduction  by  W.  W. 

Skeat,  Litt.D.    (Moring;  Frowde.) 

IN  the  production  of  this  magnificent  volume,  a 

boon  to  the  scholar  such  as  he  does  not  receive 

often  during  a  lifetime,  two  great  publishing  firms 

have  co-operated,   Mr.   Alexander  Moring,   whose 

inasterpiece  it  is,   having    allied  himself  for    the 

purpose  with  Mr.  Henry  Frowde,  the  transmitter 

of  the  glories  of  the  Oxford  University  Press,  one 


198 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,  [lo* s.m. MARCH  11,1905. 


of  the  most  spirited  and  progressive  of  English 
institutions.   That  a  task  such  as  has  been  wrought 
was  desirable  has  long  been  felt.  He  was  a  sanguine 
man,   however,  who    anticipated   its   accomplish- 
ment.   Only  within  recent  years  has  such  a  thing 
come  within  the  compass  of  a  dream.    An  interest- 
ing brochure  might  be  written  upon  the  attempts 
that  have  been  made  to  reproduce  in  facsimile  the 
masterpieces  of  the  great  printers.    (Speaking  off- 
hand, and  without  the  necessary  investigations,  we 
are  disposed  to  describe  the  facsimile  of  the  famous 
Giunta    edition    of    1527   of    the    '  Decamerone,' 
executed,  so  far  as  we  recall,  at  the  charge  of  an 
English  nobleman  in  1729,  as  the  earliest  that  was 
not    a   palpable    forgery.      This,    which   was    de- 
scribed by  bibliographers  as  a  counterfeit,  rather 
than  a  facsimile,  and  was,  it  is  said,  sometimes  sold 
for  the  original,  is  at  least  the  earliest  reproduction 
in  date  of  which  we  could  boast  possession.    Since 
that  time  facsimiles  have  sprung  into  such  vogue 
that  there  will  be  no  cause  for  surprise  if  all  the 
greatest  products  of  human  intellect  and  all  the 
masterpieces  of  the  printer's  art  are  within  no  very 
long  space  placed  within  reach  of  the  bibliophile. 
The  Chaucer  now  issued  has  its  own  claims  upon 
pre-eminence.    As  an  authority  upon  readings  and 
upon  authorship  it  puts  in  no  very  strong  preten- 
sions.   As  is  abundantly  shown  by  Prof.  Skeat,  in 
the  introduction  and  elsewhere,  a  good  many  of 
the  works  included  are  not  by  Chaucer  at  all.   This 
difficulty  is  met  by  calling  the  book  in  the  pre- 
liminary title-page  '  The  Works  of  Geoffrey  Chaucer 
and  Others.'    Then,  again,  in  the  case  of  some  of 
the  works,  including  '  The  Canterbury  Tales,'  the 
text  is  far  from  ideal.    In  spite  of  these  and  other 
drawbacks  the  task  is  one  of  the  most  creditable 
ever  accomplished,  and  the  book  is  one  of  the  most 
desirable    ever  brought  within  reach  of  the  col- 
lector or  the  student.    It  is,  in  the  first  place,  the 
first  edition  of  the  complete  works  of  the  founder 
of  English  poetry,  and  that  on  which  the   sub- 
sequent folio  editions  are  based.     It  is,  moreover, 
a  genuine  rarity,  immeasurably  more  scarce  than 
the  first  edition  of  Shakespeare,  which,  in  what- 
ever regard  it  may  be  held,  is  anything  rather  than 
an  uncommon  work,      in   the  case  of    the    most 
important  writings  of  Chaucer  we  are  not,  as  in 
that  of   Shakespeare,  dependent  upon  any  single 
text.    Early  MSS.  of  Chaucer  are  accessible,  and 
on  their  readings   scholars   such  as    Prof.   Skeat 
depend.    In  spite  of  the  labours  of  this  most  ex- 
emplary and  brilliant  of  editors,  and  in  spite  of  the 
exertions  of  a  Chaucer  Society,  it  may  be  doubted 
whether  the  bibliography  of  Chaucer  is  yet  com- 
plete.    What  is  supplied  herein,  or  in  the  six- 
volume  edition  of  the  works  by  Prof.  Skeat,  is  the 
best  and  most  comprehensive,  and  answers  almost 
every  purpose.    A  bibliography  precisely  such  in 
extent  and  kind  as  is  supplied  of  some  French 
writers  is  even  yet  desirable.    It  is  only  in  days 
quite  recent  that  men  have  become  aware  of  the 
value  of  early  folio  Chaucers,  and  so  late  as  the 
middle  of  the  last  century  an  imperfect  copy  of  the 
1532  volume  has  been  sold  for  a  nominal  sum.    We 
have  personally  known  the  same  thing  happen  with 
regard  to  an  imperfect  'Canterbury  Tales'  of  the 
fifteenth  century.     With  its  interesting  title-page, 
the  border  of  which  is  repeated  at  the  head  of 
'  The  Canterbury  Tales,'  '  The  Romaunt  of  the  Rose,' 
'Troylus  &  Creseyde,'  &c.,  its  colophon,  and  its 
rude  woodcuts,  the  book  is,  from  the  standpoint  of 
the  book-lover,  immeasurably  more  attractive  than 


the  1623  Shakespeare.  Attention  is  drawn  to  the 
fact  that  the  volume,  the  only  book  with  a  date 
printed  by  Thomas  Godfray,  is  exactly  a  century 
earlier  in  appearance  than  the  Second  Folio  of 
Shakespeare.  It  is  reprinted  from  the  copy  in  the 
British  Museum,  which  is  apparently  perfect  in  all 
respects.  A  feature  in  the  reprint  with  which  we 
are  unfamiliar  in  other  cases  is  that  the  facsimile 
of  each  original  page  is,  as  it  were,  mounted 
on  paper  fresher  in  colour,  supplying  a  greatly 
enlarged  margin,  on  which  pagination  and  numera- 
tion of  lines  are  conducted.  This  course  naturally 
facilitates  enormously  the  task  of  reference.  The 
collected  edition  of  Chaucer's  works  formed  by 
William  Thynne,  Chief  Clerk  of  the  Kitchen  to 
Henry  VIII.,  and  first  printed  in  1532,  contains 
about  forty  pieces,  twenty-two  of  which  are  given 
for  the  first  time.  Of  the  additions  only  six  are 
genuine.  A  part  only  of  '  The  Romaunt  of  the  Rose,' 
1,705  lines  in  all,  is  attributed  to  Chaucer.  He 
is  besides  responsible  for  the  whole  of  '  The  Legend 
of  Good  Women,'  'The  Book  of  the  Duchess,'  'The 
Complaint  to  Pity,'  the  'Lack  of  Steadfastness,' 
and  the  'Treatise  of  the  Astrolabe.'  Eighteen 
pieces  in  all  are  by  Chaucer,  eight  (apparently)  by 
Lydgate,  two  by  Hoccleve,  one  each  by  Henryson, 
Ros,  Usk,  Gower,  Clanvowe,  and  Scogan,  and  six 
are  anonymous.  The  genuine  works,  then,  occupy 
less  than  three-fourths  of  the  volume.  For  the  texc 
of  many  of  the  poems  now  reprinted  the  1532  volume 
offers  the  best,  in  some  cases  the  only  authority. 
In  itself  the  1532  folio  is  a  handsome  book,  as  are, 
indeed,  all  the  great  folios  of  Chaucer,  which  Prof. 
Skeat  is  pleased  to  number,  like  those  of  Shake- 
speare, as  four.  We  have  been  able  to  boast  th& 
possession  of  three  of  the  1561  folios,  noble  works, 
all  of  which  differed  in  some  respects,  notably  in- 
title-page,  from  each  other. 

It  is  at  the  solicitation  of  many  scholars  that  the- 
associate  publishers  have  undertaken  the  task 
which  has  been  executed  in  excellent  fashion,  and 
constitutes  in  each  case  a  crowning  honour.  Lan- 
guage of  eulogy  fails  us  to  deal  with  so  noble 
accomplishment.  Emboldened  by  such  an  example, 
the  same  or  other  publishers  may  give  us  in  fac- 
simile 'The  Whole  Works  of  Homer,  Prince  of 
Poets,'  by  Chapman,  and  '  The  Ftierie  Queen '  and 
other  works  of  Edmund  Spenser — books  less  im- 
peratively called  for,  but  sure  of  a  welcome.  One 
or  two  other  books  likely  even  further  to  delight 
the  scholar  we  hold  in  reserve.  Chaucer  is  issued 
in  a  limited  edition,  more  than  half  of  which  is- 
subscribed  for  before  publication.  Lovers  of  our 
early  literature— and  such,  once,within  our  memory, 
to  be  counted  by  units,  are  now  numerous — are 
bound  to  supply  themselves  with  a  copy,  and  those 
wise  and  prudent  enough  to  dp  so  are  not  unlikely 
to  see  the  reprint  itself  a  rarity.  Our  own  recog- 
nition and  thanks  are  gladly  accorded  all  associated 
with  a  gift  so  precious  to  letters. 

The  Diary  of  Samuel  Pepy,$>  Edited,  with  Addi- 
tions, by  Henry  B.  Wheatley,  F.S.A.  Vols.  III. 
to  VI.  ( Bell  &  Sons.) 

FOUR  further  volumes  of  the  reissue  of  Mr.  Wheat- 
ley's  monumental  and  unsurpassable  edition  of 
Pepys  carry  the  immortal  diary  as  far  as  the  end 
of  June,  1667.  Nothing  remains  to  be  added  to  the 
eulogy  of  the  work  or  the  commendation  bestowed 
upon  this  popular  reprint,  which  necessarily  puts 
all  thought  of  competition  out  of  court.  It  speaks, 
however,  strongly  for  Pepys  ho-  say  that,,  having; 


III.  MARCH  11,  1905.]       NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


half-indolently  turned  over  the  new  volumes,  to 
see  how  they  compare  with  the  first  edition,  we 
were  unable  to  quit  them,  and  have,  consequently, 
reread  the  portion  of  the  diary  which  they  cover. 
On  only  two  other  works  can  we  bestow  the  same 
praise— that  however  often  has  perusal  been  begun, 
it  has  never  been  abandoned  until  the  end  — 
namely,  of  Shakespeare's  'As  You  Like  It"  and 
Scott's  'Rob  Roy.'  Constant  service  as  the  pub- 
lishers render  to  the  student,  this  cheap  edition  of 
Pepys  may  be  held  the  greatest  boon  with  which 
they  furnish  him. 

The    Canterbury   Pilgrimages.     By    H.    Snowden 

Ward.    (A.  &  C.  Black.) 
The  Dickens  Country.    By  Frederick    G.   Kitton. 

(Same  publishers.) 

MR.  SXONVDEN'  WARD'S  interesting  and  handsomely 
illustrated  volume  belongs  to  the  "Pilgrimage 
Series"  of  Messrs.  Black,  which  it  may  indeed 
be  supposed  to  have  originated.  In  addition  to 
three  sketch  maps  and  numerous  woodcuts  in  the 
text,  it  contains  fifty  full-page  illustrations  (photo- 
graphed by  Catherine  Weed  Barnes  Ward)  of  spots 
in  Kentish  fields  and  Surrey  downs.  Its  interest, 
according  to  Mr.  Ward's  introduction,  centres  in 
two  great  tragedies,  the  fall  of  Thomas  the  Arch- 
bishop and  the  fall  of  the  worship  of  Thomas  the 
Martyr.  It  is  a  work  pleasant  and  edifying,  and 
casts  an  agreeable  light  upon  Chaucer  and  the 
pilgrims  he  immortalized.  The  illustrations  con- 
stitute, to  our  thinking,  the  most  attractive 
portion  of  the  volume.  \Ve  disapprove  of  the 
omission,  with  no  sign  of  elision,  on  p.  v,  of  line  295 
in  'The  Prologue  to  the  Canterbury  Tales'  as 
purposeless ;  but  this  is  the  only  fault  we  are 
disposed  to  find  with  a  book  which  is  useful  and 
delightful  in  almost  all  respects. 

A  second  volume  of  the  same  series  is  'The 
Dickens  Country.'  As  is  generally  known,  this  is 
a  posthumous  work  of  Mr.  Kitton,  celebrated  for 
his  assiduous  cult  of  the  great  novelist.  From 
many  works  on  similar  lines  recently  issued  the 
present,  which  owes  its  finishing  touches  to  Mr. 
Arthur  Waugh,  differs  in  the  really  remarkable 
number  of  views  it  supplies  of  houses  which  at  one 
time  or  other  were  tenanted  by  Dickens.  Many 
of  them,  of  course,  were  inhabited  by  his  father,  and 
it  is  surprising  how  many  spots  or  urban  squalor 
must  have  become  familiar  to  the  youthful  observer. 
In  the  later  portion  of  the  work  we  proceed,  still  in 
the  track  of  Dickens,  to  many  counties,  extending 
so  far  as  Yorkshire.  Dotheboys  Hall  does  not  even 
look  unattractive  in  the  photograph  presented. 
The  most  interesting  spots  depicted  are  naturally 
in  Kent,  the  most  closely  associated  with  Dickens 
of  all  counties.  To  the  Dickens  lover  the  work  is 
full  of  interest  and  delight. 

A  Dictionary  of  Slang  and  Colloquial  English. 
Abridged  from  '  Slang  and  its  Analogues.'  By 
John  S.  Farmer  and  W.  E.  Henley.  (Routledge  & 
Sons. ) 

THOSE— and  they  are  the  majority— who  cannot 
afford  the  authoritative  'Slang  and  its  Analogues  ' 
of  Mr.  John  S.  Farmer  and  Mr.  W.  E.  Henley  will 
be  glad  of  the  present  work,  which  is  in  part 
founded  on  it.  That  the  original  should  undergo 
processes  of  expurgation  before  it  was  submitted 
to  a  general  public  was  inevitable.  The  chief  omis- 
sions consist  of  those  illustrative  passages  from 
Tudor  writers,  such  as  Dekker  and  others,  in  which 


the  soul  of  Henley  rejoiced.  These  have  now 
disappeared  en  bloc.  Words  generally  which  are 
variously  described  as  erotic  and  obscene  have- 
as  a  rule  disappeared,  in  obedience,  it  may  be- 
supposed,  to  the  censor,  real  or  imaginary,  of  lite- 
rature. Such  words  even  as  "  pimp,"  "stews,"  and 
the  like,  which  appear  in  accepted  dictionaries  in 
the  special  sense,  are  omitted,  perhaps  for  the  valid 
reason  that  they  are  not  slang.  "Little  Englander" 
has  obtained  admission,  which  "Little  Mary  "  has- 
not.  We  are  disposed  to  think  that  squeamishness 
has  been  exhibited  in  dealing  with  words ;  but  in. 
the  case  of  works  intended,  like  this,  for  general 
circulation,  it  is  probably  well  to  be  carefuL 
"  High  or  clouted  shoon,"  which  is  given  as  an 
equivalent  for  countryman,  has,  of  course,  though 
not  in  the  same  sense,  the  justification  of  Milton^ 
and  so  belongs  to  literature.  Milton  says  ia 
'Comus'  :— 

And  the  dull  swain 

Treads  on  it  daily  with  his  clouted  shoon. 
And  the  Bible  has,  "  Old  shoes  and  clouted  upon 
their  feet."    Hood  writes : — 

By  the  simple  accident  of  birth, 
You  might  have  been  high  priest  to  Mumbo  Jumbo. 
Under  words  such  as  "  mutton "  a  good  deal  of 
interesting  information  is  supplied.  The  work  is 
the  most  extensive  on  the  subject  which  is  gener- 
ally accessible,  and  constitutes  amusing  reading. 
"Stark-naked"  is  a  name  for  neat  gin,  possibly  as 
indicative  of  the  effects  of  its  use.  It  is  rather 
difficult  to  tear  oneself  away  from  the  book,  which 
is,  however,  issued  at  a  price  that  brings  it  within 
the  reach  of  most  readers. 

The  Fa?*taf  Letters.    By  James  White.    (De  Lsu 

More  Press.) 

BELOVED  of  Charles  Lamb,  who  has  left  tributes 
equally  warm  to  the  man  and  the  book,  White's 
'Falstaff  Letters'  constitutes  an  eminently  agree- 
able addition  to  "  The  King's  Classics."  From 
the  1877  reprint  of  this  clever  and  curious  work, 
the  present  edition  differs  widely  in  respect  of 
externals.  It  reproduces,  moreover,  for  the  first 
time  the  quaint  frontispiece  presenting  Falstaff' 
learning  to  dance.  A  modified  success  is  all  that 
is  to  be  hoped  in  a  revival  of  this  kind,  and  Lamb's 
praise,  though  unmistakably  genuine,  will  be  re- 

tarded   by  some  as  excessive,  as  Lamb's  praise, 
ivine  as  it  is,  was  apt  to  be.     The  book  is  an 
eminently  desirable  possession,  and  we  are  glad 
to  have  it  in  this  guise. 

The  Burlington  Magazine  for  March  is  principally^ 
devoted  to  the  Whistler  Exhibition.  Criticism  on  the 
artist  and  his  work  is  supplied  by  Mr.  Bernhard 
Sickert.  Among  the  illustrations  may  be  counted 
the  famous  'Piano  Picture,'  a  charming  portrait 
of  Miss  Alexander,  and  a  portrait  (a  capital  like- 
ness) of  Connie  Gilchrist  (Lady  Orkney)  skipping. 
In  his  presentation  of  old  women  and  young  girls 
the  artist  was  equally  happy.  Other  illustrationa- 
contained  in  the  number  consist  of  a  portrait  of  An- 
tonio Palma,  assigned  to  Titian,  and  one  of  Lorenzo 
Lotto,  by  himself.  'A  Knight's  Armour  of  the 
Early  Fourteenth  Century'  is  very  valuable  both, 
artistically  and  archoeologically.  In  the  Whistler- 
picture  of  Miss  Alexander  we  find  a  distinct  sug- 
gestion of  Velasquez. 

ONE  would  not  readily  have  anticipated  a  revival 
for  Harrison  Ainsworth.  Such,  however,  seems  in 


200 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.   [io*  s.  m.  MARCH  11,  IDQB. 


•progress.  As  a  sign  thereof,  Ainsworth  is  the  subject 
of  a  long  and,  in  the  main,  appreciative  article  in 
'The  Fortnightly.  In  the  same  periodical  Miss  May 
Bateman  writes  on  '  A  Forgotten  Soldier-Poet,' 
•advancing  as  entitled  to  that  appellation  Jean  de 
la  Taille,  one  of  three  brothers,  all  of  them  poets, 
•but  two  of  whom  died  early  of  the  plague.  Jean 
was  a  Huguenot  and  a  close  friend  of  Henry  of 
INavarre.  He  is  said  in  the  article  to  have  been 
the  author  of  the  first  original  French  tragedy 
and  comedy— statements  we  have  not  at  present 
time  to  dispute,  but  which  strike  us  as  open  to 
question.  The  dramatic  works  of  Jean  de  la 
Taille,  like  those  of  his  brother  Jacques,  belong 
to  about  1573,  whereas  the  tragedies  of  Jodelle 
;are  twenty  odd  years  previous,  and  so  -  called 
•comedies  may  be  found  a  decade  earlier  still.  As 
.a  stage  presumably  in  the  direction  of  establishing 
that  Shakespeare  is  Eicon,  Mr.  Stronach  asks 
•'Was  Bacon  a  Poet?'  In  his  'French  Life  and 
•the  French  Stage '  Mr.  Macdonald  deals  with  '  La 
JMassiere'  of  Jules  Lemaitre,  the  grim  'Hotel 
•de  1'Ouest,  Chambre  22,'  of  Jean  Lorrain,  and 
"*  L'Escalade '  of  Maurice  D-mnay.  Mr.  William 
Archer  writes  on  the  letters  of  Ibsen. — In  The 
Nineteenth  Century  Sir  Philip  Burne-Jones  speaks, 
without  much  respect,  concerning  '  The  Experiment 
of  Impressionism.'  The  doctrines  of  "Impression- 
dsm,"  it  is  held,  "  are  exerting  a  bad  influence  upon 
•the  rank  and  file  of  the  artistic  profession  to-day, 
.as  well  as  upon  students.  Its  theories  find  ready 
^acceptance  among  those  to  whom  talking  is  easier 
"than  painting— and  their  name  is  legion."  Sir 
William  B.  Richmond  writes  with  much  enthu- 
>siasm  about  George  Frederick  Watts.  A  pleasing 
article  is  that  of  Cornelia  Sorabji  entitled  '  Portraits 
of  some  Indian  Women.'  Very  striking  is  what  is 
said,  though  the  author's  real  significance  is  not 
easily  understood.  Mr.  Slade  Butler's  'Greek 
Mysteries  and  the  Gospel  Narrative"  is  a  curious 
study  in  comparative  mythology.  Sir  Wemyss  Reid's 
"*  Last  Month '  appears,  with  no  reference  to  the 
death  of  the  writer,  which  is  too  recent  to  have 
obtained  mention. — The  article  of  most  interest  in 
The  ,  National  Review  is  the  species  of  apologia,  by 
M.  Emile  Combes,  entitled  '  Republican  Policy  and 
the  Catholic  Church  during  M.  Combes's  Ministry.' 
Unfortunately,  like  most  of  the  contents  of  the 
Meriew,  it  is  too  political  and  controversial  to  be 
dealt  with  in  our  columns.  Under  the  title  of 
'The  Great  Dominion'  Lady  Minto  describes  and 
praises  Canada.  'An  Eton  Correspondence'  deals 
with  many  Eton  habits  and  superstitions,  and  is 
of  quite  modern  date.  In  'Street  Music'  Miss 
'Virginia  Lewis  has  some  remarkable  observations 
and  suggestions.  She  holds  that  if  "at  each 
street  corner  the  melodies  of  Beethoven  and 
Brahms  and  Mozart  could  be  heard,  it  is  pro- 
bable that  all  crime  and  quarrelling  would  soon  be 
unknown  "—a  cheap  way,  indeed,  of  bringing  about 
the  millennium. — One  of  the  most  interesting 
and  painful  articles  of  modern  days  is  that  of 
Palamedes  in  The  Cornhill  entitled  '  The  Deserted 
Village.'  It  is  inexpressibly  saddening.  Mr. 
Thomas  Hardy  has  some  verses  entitled  'The 
Noble  Lady's  Tale.'  Mr.  D.  G.  Hogarth  gives  an 
interesting  account  of  'The  Nile  Fens,'  a  district 
in  which  much  that  is  primitively  Oriental  still 
lingers,  and  for  which  the  writer  foresees  what 
:  some  will  call  a  bright  future.  Canon  Ainger  has 
.,a  good  article  on  'Conversation,'  which  can  scarcely 
have  received  its  author's  final  supervision,  if  we 


may  judge  by  its  split 'infinitives  and  other  inele- 
gancies.  '  Barbados  the  Loyal '  supplies  some  infor- 
mation. We  would  gladly  have  had  more. — Mr.  Page- 
Roberts  wrote  for  The  Gentleman's  enthusiastically 
concerning  William  Barnes,  but  died  without  being 
able  to  revise  his  contribution.  Mr.  F.  Watson's 
'Examination  of  Wits'  shows  more  erudition  than 
is  common  among  the  purveyors  of  magazine  litera- 
ture. Part  iii.  of  Mr.  Holden  Mac-Michael's  '  Charing 
Cross  and  its  Immediate  Neighbourhood  '  overflows 
with  curious  information.  Mr.  W.  A.  Atkinson 
deals  with  the  old  tax  upon  windows.  When  we 
were  very  young  it  was  a  custom  to  paint  over  a 
window  the  word  "  Dairy,"  which  exempted  it 
from  taxation.  The  window  tax  was,  of  course, 
wholly  insanitary  in  influence. — Under  the  title  of 
'  London  at  Prayer '  Mr.  Charles  Morley  deals,  in 
the  Pall  Mall,  with  Salvation  Army  refuges. 
Mr.  Shepstone  shows  the  processes  of  build- 
ing Dover  Harbour ;  and  Mr.  Charles  Dawbarn 
describes  personalities  of  the  Paris  Press.  In  a 
similar  line  is  ' Personalities  of  Parliament.'  Mr. 
Joseph  Conrad  continues  his  'Mirror  of  the  Sea,' 
and  Mr.  James  Douglas  writes  on  'Some  Popular 
Novels,  and  why  they  are  Popular.'  Fiction 
seems  to  occupy  an  increasing  space  in  the  maga- 
zine.— In  'At  the  Sign  of  the  Ship,'  in  Longman'*, 
Mr.  Lang  treats  very  humorously  the  description 
in  Mr.  Douglas's  recently  published  volume  of  Mr. 
Watts-Dunton's  eyes  and  his  colouring  generally, 
matters  which,  indeed,  interest  us  more  in  the  fair 
sex  than  in  those  of  less  delicate  build  and  com- 
plexion. In  some  other  matters,  however,  Mr. 
Lang  seems  to  have  misread  or  been  deceived,  the 
eulogist  of  Mr.  Watts- Dun  ton  being  innocent  of 
the  allegations  against  him.  'A  Port  of  Stranded 
Pride '  is  Rye. 

Utolkes  to  Cflmsjjflttbnda, 

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A  EXTRACTS    of    the     WILLS    in    REGISTER 

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10*  B.IILMABCH  is.  MOB.]    NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


201 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  MARCH  IS,  1905. 


CONTENTS.-No.  64. 

NOTES —Tather  Sarpi's  Portraits,  201 -The  Cecil  Lan- 
eua*e  202-Burton's  •  Anatomy  of  Melancholy  •-French 
Proverbial  Phrases,  203-Suakespeare's  Pall-bearers-Irish 
Folk-lore -"  Vicariate,"  204-'D.N.B.'  and  'Index  and 
Epitome '-Cicero's  Busts  - 'Beyond  the  Church  - 
"Mungoose,"  205 -Parliamentary  Quotation-Sir  George 
Grove  on  Spurgeon's  Scholarship- Jacobeaa  Houses  111 
Fleet  Street,  20t5. 

QUERIES  :-Dickens  or  Wilkie  Collins  ?  — Pawnbroker's 
Sign  and  the  Medici  Arms,  207 -William  Carroll— Willes- 
deii  Families  —  Willesden  :  the  Place-name  —  Madame 
Parisot-Catherine  of  Braganza— American  Prayer-Rook 
—Balances  or  Scales-Arms  of  Cumbria— "Allen,  208- 
Carr  and  Chitty  Families— Schools  First  Established— 
Sir  Harry  Bath  :  Shotover— "Beating  the  Bounds,  209. 

REPLIES  :— Scottish  Naval  and  Milifarv  Academy,  209  — 
Spltt  Infinitive,  210— "Undertaker"— Moscow  Campaign 
—Song  Wanted— Sir  James  Cotter,  212-Burns's  Letters 
to  George  Thomson— "  Tbe  Naked  Boy  and  Coffin  — 
Joseph  Wilfred  Parkins— Englishmen  holding  Positions 
under  Foreign  Governments,  213— Horseshoes  for  Luck, 
214— "Tongue-Twisters,"  216-" Call  a  spade  a  spade  - 
'•  Diiikums"— "Quandary,"  217. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :-Holyoake's  'Bygones  Worth  Re- 
membering '— '  Calendar  of  Letter-B  >oks '— '  The  Golden 
treasury  '— '  Poems  of  Sir  Lewis  Morris '— '  Don  Quixote 
—Madame  D'Arblay's  '  Diary  '— '  Poets  of  the  Nineteenth 
Century  '—Draper's '  Intellectual  Development  of  Europe 
— FitzGerald's '  Polonius'— '  Who  Said  That  ? '— '  Christian 
Names.' 

Booksellers'  Catalogues. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


FATHER   PAUL   SARPI'S    PORTRAITS. 

(See  ante,  pp.  44,  84,  144.) 

THE  earliest  English  references  to  Sarpi 
which  have  been  published  are  contained  in 
some  letters  of  William  Bedell  to  Adam 
New  ton.  Two  of  these  letters  (dated 
1  January,  1607/8,  and  1  January,  1608/9) 
were  published  in  '  Some  Original  Letters 
of  Bishop  Bedell,'  &c.,  edited  by  E.  Hudson, 
Dublin,  1742.  These,  with  a  third  letter 
dated  26  December,  1607,  in  which  there 
are  also  references  to .  Sarpi,  have  been 
recently  reprinted  by  E.  S.  Shuckburgh, 
M.A.,  in  his  'Two  Biographies  of  William 
Bedell,'  Cambridge,  University  Press,  1902. 
I  may  add  that  the  collection  of  Sir  Henry 
Wotton's  letters  which  I  hope  to  publish 
shortly  will  contain  a  good  deal  of  hitherto 
unpublished  information  about  Sarpi  from 
Wotton's  letters  and  other  documents. 

A  note  in  regard  to  portraits  of  Sarpi  in 
England  may  be  of  interest  to  the  readers  of 
*  N.  &  Q.'  Fulgentio,  in  his  life  of  Father 
Paul,  states  that  Sarpi  would  never  allow  his 
portrait  to  be  taken,  and  that  all  the  pictures 
of  him  in  existence  were  copies  of  one  said 
to  be  in  the  gallery  of  a  great  king,  which 


was  taken  against  his  will,  "e  con  bel  strata- 
gema"(2ml  S.  iv.  122).  There  can  be  little 
doubt  that  James  I.  is  the  great  king  referred 
to,  and  that  the  "  bel  stratagema "  was 
planned  by  Sir  Henry  Wotton,  then  James's 
Ambassador  in  Venice.  On  13  September, 
1607  (X.S.),  Wotton  wrote  to  Lord  Salisbury 
that  he  was  sending  to  England  "  a  very  true 
picture  of  Maestro  Paulo,  the  Servite,  taken 
from  him  at  my  request,"  as  he  thought  it 
might  please  the  king  "  to  behold  a  sound 
Protestant "  (these  words  in  cipher),  "  as  yet 
in  the  habit  of  a  friar."  Wotton's  stratagem 
seems  to  have  consisted  in  sending  to  see 
Sarpi  on  some  pretence  a  painter  who  made  a 
sketch  of  the  Father  without  his  knowledge. 
(See  Wotton's  letter  to  Dr.  Collins,  quoted 
ante,  p.  45.)  This  portrait,  however,  did 
not  reach  England  ;  the  Papal  Xuncio  in 
Venice,  who  kept  a  strict  watch  on  Wotton's 
movements,  sent  news  of  it  to  the  Pope, 
Paul  V.,  who  complained  of  it  to  the  Venetian 
Ambassador  at  Rome  ('Cal.  S.P.,  Ven.,  1607- 
1610,'  p.  26),  and  when  the  bearer  of  the  por- 
trait reached  Milan,  on  his  way  to  England, 
he  was  arrested  by  the  officers  of  the  Inquisi- 
tion, thrown  into  prison,  and  the  portrait 
confiscated.  In  spite  of  the  Pope's  "bel 
stratagema,"  Wotton  succeeded  in  sending  a 
second  portrait  of  Sarpi  to  England.  This 
was  painted  after  the  attempted  assassination 
in  October,  1607,  and  bore,  Wotton  wrote 
(21  December,  1607),  "the  late  addition  of 
his  scars."  From  this  portrait  and  a  com- 
panion picture  of  Fulgentio  frequent  replicas 
were  made,  and  Wotton,  after  his  return  to 
England,  seems  to  have  been  in  the  habit  of 
giving  them  to  his  friends.  The  letter  he 
wrote  when  presenting  one  to  Dr.  Collins, 
Provost  of  King's  College,  Cambridge,  has 
already  been  quoted  in  'N.  &  Q.'  (ante,  p.  45). 
Another  pair  of  these  replicas  (no  doubt  a 
present  from  Wotton)  was  bequeathed  by  Dr. 
Donne  to  Dr.  King  (2mi  S.  vii.  350) ;  another 
was  in  the  rooms  of  Sir  Xathaniel  Brent  at 
Merton  College ;  another  at  Roydon  Hall 
(ibid  )  ;  and  a  sixth  portrait  of  Sarpi  seems 
to  have  been  in  the  possession  of  a  brother 
of  the  Rev.  Samuel  Blithe,  Master  of  Clare 
Hall  (letter  of  Edward  Browne  to  Samuel 
Blithe,  quoted  'Cal.  S.P.,  Ven.,  1607-1610,' 
p.  xxxvi).  The  portrait  of  Sarpi  at  King's 
College  disappeared  about  1744  ('N.  &  Q., 
2ud  S."  vii.  350),  that  at  Roydon  Hall  about 
1827  (iv.  122),  and  all  attempts  to  trace 
these  or  any  other  of  Sarpi's  portraits  in 
England  have  hitherto  been  unsuccessful, 
none  of  those  interested  in  the  subject  being 
aware  that  one  of  them  is  preserved  in  the 
picture  gallery  of  the  Bodleian.  On  taking 


202 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [io*  s.  m.  MARCH  is, 


down  this  portrait  I  found  that  it  corre- 
sponded exactly  to  Wotton's  description  of 
the  picture  he  presented  to  Dr.  Collins — the 
black  frame,  the  mark  of  wounds  on  the 
face— and  the  title  of  Wotton's  invention, 
'Concilii  Tridentini  Eviscerator,"  is  painted 
on  it  in  large  letters.  This  portrait  is  men- 
tioned in  Anthony  a  Wood's  MS.  catalogue 
of  the  Bodleian  pictures,  and  cannot  there- 
fore be  identical  with  the  one  presented  to 
Dr.  Collins,  which  was  hanging  in  King's 
College  long  after  the  date  of  Anthony  a 
Wood's  death.  It  may  possibly  be  the 
original  sent  to  Lord  Salisbury,  or  it  may  be 
Sir  Nathaniel  Brent's  replica  ;  but  most  pro- 
bably it  was  presented  by  Wotton  himself, 
who  made  several  other  gifts  to  the  Bodleian, 
and  whose  own  portrait  hangs  in  the  galleries 
there.  Pine's  engraving,  published,  as  A.  S. 
mentions,  in  the  'Rights  of  Sovereigns  and 
Subjects,'  1722,  corresponds  in  attitude  and 
features  to  this  picture,  and  was  evidently 
made  from  the  original  sent  to  England  by 
Wotton,  or  from  one  of  the  many  replicas. 
Pine  has,  however,  omitted  the  round  black 
plaster  which  marks  the  stiletto  wound  in 
the  right  cheek.  Lombart's  engraving,  which 
A.  S.  also  mentions,  is  a  carelessly  made 
copy  of  the  portrait  published  in  Fulgentio 
Micanzio's  'Vita  del  Padre  Paolo.' 

I  hope  to  be  able  to  reproduce  this  Bodleian 
picture  in  my  edition  of  Sir  Henry  Wotton's 
'Letters.'  Although  probably  a  replica,  it  is 
one  of  the  most  authentic  likenesses  of  Sarpi 
in  existence,  and  the  only  one  which  bears 
the  marks  of  the  assassin's  stiletto,  made,  as 
Sarpi  wittily  remarked,  "Stylo  Romanae 
Curise."  L.  PEARS  ALL  SMITH. 

2,  Grove  Street,  Oxford. 


THE  CECH  LANGUAGE. 

IN  comparing  the  grammars  of  the  dif- 
ferent Slav  languages  the  elusive  character 
of  apparent  resemblances  is  often  evinced. 
I  have  before  cited  the  remark  to  me  of  Prof. 
V.  E.  Jagic,  of  Vienna,  the  eminent  successor 
of  Miklosich  and  editor  of  the  Slavianski 
Arkkiv,  that  Russian  students  tacitly  assume 
knowledge  of  Slav  tongues  which  they  have 
never  studied.  In  converse  with  a  Bulgarian, 
however,  I  was  able  to  understand  prac- 
tically all  he  said,  while  he  understood  my 
Russian.  The  language  of  Bohemia,  now 
very  generally  cultivated  and  into  which 
much  translation  is  being  done — witness  the 
increasing  number  of  periodicals  issued  at 
Prague,  including  the  handsome  new  maga- 
zine, Cesky  Svet  (Bohemian  World) — presents 
formidable  difficulties  to  the  Russian 


student.  Prof.  W.  R.  Morfill  considers  that 
the  basis  of  all  these  languages,  the  old 
Slavonic,  should  be  first  studied,  and  the 
course  of  its  modern  developments  traced 
out  ;  but  the  materials  for  study  are  few. 
(An  excellent  work  which  I  have  seen  at  the- 
Taylorian  Library  is  the  l  Chrestomathie  '  of 
Dr.  E.  Berneker.) 

Here  are  a  few  words  which  illustrate  the- 
divergence  of  Cech  and  Russian  :  — 


Cech. 

behoun 

biskup 

hvesda 

jitro 

kniha 

kun 
lid 

modlitba 
pluk 


Russian. 
biegun 
episkop 
zviozda 
utro 
kniga 

kon 
lioudi 
molitva 
polk 


runner 
bishop 
star 

morning 
book 

(in  Servian  a  letter) 
horse 
people 
prayer 
regiment* 


The  letter  r  in  Russian  words  is  often  re- 
placed in  Cech  by  the  compound  represented 
by  rzh,  e.g.,  priatel  (friend)  ;  kriv  (crooked)  ; 
the  prefix  of  increase  pre,  &c.  In  the  case 
of  the  Cech  he,  possible,  the  negative  nelze 
has  its  counterpart  in  the  Russian  nelzia, 
where  the  positive  form  is  lost.  Dalekohled, 
telescope,  drobnomer,  micrometer,  and  plyno- 
mei\  gasometer,  are  good  native  equivalents 
for  the  cosmopolitan  forms. 

Most  surnames  bear  a  direct  signification, 
e.ff.,  llladik  (smooth).  Kalousek  (little  owl),. 
Kolar(  wheel  wright),  Palacki/  (palatial),  Pro- 
chaska  (walk),  Sdfdrik  (steward),  Sladek 
(sweet).  The  diminutive  ek  is  frequent.  Vojtech 
(vojt,  a  governor)  is  not  easily  recognized  as 
the  equivalent  of  Ethelbert  and  Adalbert, 
nor  is  Strachota  (strach,  fear)  for  Methodius, 
one  of  the  great  twin  Apostles  to  the  Slavs. 
John  Hus  (goose)  of  Husinec  (goose-stall) 
made  a  pun  on  his  name  when  he  said  that 
an  eagle  would  rise  from  the  ashes  of  the 
Bohemian  goose. 

Geographical  names  are  varied  in  some 
instances.  Thus  Transylvania  becomes 
Sedmihrady  (seven-castled).  By  a  curious 
and  probably  unconscious  irony,  Constance, 
where  Hus  was  martyred,  becomes  Kostnice 
(charnel-house).  Carihrad,  Russian  Tsarr/rad, 
the  imperial  city,  is  the  regular  Slav  name 
for  Constantinople.  Vienna,  itself  a  Slav 
name,  is  metamorphosed  into  Viden,  which 
seems  related  to  videti,  to  see.  Frankfort 
becomes  Frankobrod,  the  ford,  not  the  fortress, 
of  the  Franks. 

There  are  more  sibilants  in  Cech  than  in 
Russian,  but  the  speech  is  especially  musical. 


*  Snatopolk  and  Scatopluk  (holy  army),  are  his- 
torical names  in  Russia  and  Bohemia*. 


10"- S.  III.  MARCH  18,  1905.]      NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


203 


When  Bohemians  speak  other  languages  a 
slight  singing  accent  is  noticeable. 

FRANCIS  P.  MARCHAST. 
Streatham  Common. 


BURTON'S  'ANATOMY  OF  MELANCHOLY.' 

(See  9th  S.  xi.  181.  222,  263,  322,  441 ;  xii.  2,  62,  162, 

301,  362,  442;  10th  S.  i.  42,  163,  £03,  282;  ii.  124, 

223,442.) 

VOL.  I.  (Shilleto),  p.  11,  1.  5;  p.  1,  1.  6  (ed. 
C),  "intrudes  upon  this  common  theatre,  to 
the  world's  view."  Cf.  "aliqua  scriptorum 

qu£e  nondum  communem  theatri  huius 

luceru  aspexerant,"  F.  Dousa :  dedication  of 
J.  C.  Scaliger's  '  Epp.  &  Oratt.'  (Lugd.  Bat, 
1600). 

P.  11, 1.  12  ;  p.  1, 1.  14  (ed.  6),  "  quid  inquiris 
in  rem  absconditam  ] "  This  is  the  trans- 
lation given  by  Xylander.  "  Quum ve- 

latam"was  apparently  suggested  by  "inter- 
rogatus  quidnam  id  esset,  quod  velatum 
gerebat :  Ideo,  inquit,  velatum  est,  ut  igno- 
raretur."  The  Egyptian  in  the  story  did 

not  say  "quid absconditam?"  He  said 

Aia  Totro  «rvy»c«ieoAtnrTo«  (Ideo,  &c.).  "Quid 
...  ?"  is  addressed  by  Plutarch  to  the  Curiosus 
(K<ZI  <rv  Si]  TI  TToAvTrpay/xoveis  TO  airoKpvTno- 
pevov  ;). 

P.  12,  1.  25  ;  2,  19,  "  a  Politician."  P.  13,  1.  9  ; 
2,  34,  '"Law-maker."  !See  Suidas,  s.v.  Demo- 
critus  (and  'Fr.  Philos.  Grsec.,'  Mullach, 
p.  333,  n.  33),  ijp^f  Se  tv  'Af38ijpoi^  SLO.  T>)V 
eavTOV  (TO(f>iav  Ti/z^^et's. 

P.  15,  1.  16;  3,  48,  and  4,  1,  "towns  taken, 

cities  besieged  in Persia.'  In  the  wars 

of  Shah  Abbas  the  Great.  See  Sir  John 
Malcolm's  '  Hist,  of  Persia,'  vol.  i.  ch.  xiv. 

P.  17,  n.  9  ;  5,  n.  u,  "Angelus  Salas."  Why 
Shilleto  prints  this  as  '"Scalas"  I  do  not 
know.  The  Sala  in  question  is  to  be  found 
in  more  than  one  book  of  reference.  See,  e.g., 
the  'Nouvelle  Biog.  Generate 'and  the  B  M. 
Cat.  But  the  cases  are  countless  in  which 
Shilleto  departs  from  the  sixth  ed.  without 
warrant  and  without  warning.  A  diverting, 
if  it  were  not  a  distressing  instance,  is  that  on 
p.  311  of  vol.  iii.  (p.  601,  ed.  6,  III.  iii.  1,  2), 
"  He  that  marries  a  wife  that  is  snowt  fair 
alone,  let  him  look,"  &c.  In  A.  R.  S.'s  text  the 
delightful  "snowt  fair"  actually  appears  as 
"snowy  fair"  !  To  any  one  who  has  taken 
the  trouble  to  read — not  merely  review — 
Shilleto's  book,  Prof.  Saintsbury's  verdict 
that  it  is  "a  long  way  in  advance,  from 
a  critical  point  of  view,  of  any  edition  of 
the  '  Anatomy '  yet  published,"  is  simply 
astounding. 

P.  25,  1.  1  ;  9,  27,  "  so  many  parasanges, 
after  him  or  him."  Cf.  70,  28 ;  37, 1,  "so  many 


parasanges  betwixt  tongue  and'  heart,"  iii. 
184,  20;  523,  19,  III.  ii.  3  (4),  1,  "far  fonder, 
weaker,  and  that  by  many  parasanges."  Sea- 
Athenseus,  iii.  98,  c,  d,  TroAAwi/  ovop.a.Tuv 
7roi?7Tai  KCU  TroAAois  TTapcurayycus  virepSpa- 
//ovres  TOV  ^t/ceAtojTTjiv  Aiovvtriov.  See  also- 
Erasmus,  'Adagia'  (1629),  p.  184,  col.  2: 
("Multis  parasaugis  prsecurrere  "). 

P.  26,  1.  3;  10,  7,  "  maneipium  paucte  lee* 
tionis."  See  J.  C.  Seal.,  'Exercit.,'  365,  3, 
ad  Jin.  :  "Vtei  tandem  in  Divinis  rebus  ante- 
ferre  Platonem  desinaut  ista  maocipia  paucee 
lectionis." 

P.  29, 1.  11 ;  ll,  43,  "Feci  nee  quod  potui, 
nee  quod  volm."    See  ^Eschines,  'In  Ctes.,'' 
ad  Jin.  :  KO.I  d  p.\v  KaAws  xnl  a^tws  TOV  dSiKrj- 
fj.a.ro'S    KaTyydprjKci,    (ITTOV   ws    i']f3ov\6iJ.ijvt    et 
8'  fvSeeoTfp(a<s,  a»9  i)Svva/J,r]i'. 

P.  43,J.  8  ;  20,  24,  "  as  of  Aristotle,  that  he- 
was  wisdom  itself  in  the  abstract."  Se& 
Suidas  (s.v.  A^o/cptros),  l7reKAj/^>;  8e  (ro<f>iok 
6  A. 

P.  43,  n.  4  ;  20,  n.  q,  "  Aquila  in  nubibus."' 
To  the  reference  to  Lipsius  given  at  10th  S. 
i.  42  should  be  added  Aristophanes,  'Eq.,' 
1013;  'Av.,'  978;  and  Erasmus,  'Adagia/ 
p.  186,  col.  2. 

At  10th  S.  ii.  224,  col.  1,  1.  9,  "  How  many 
nature  expostulate"  should  have  been  "How 
may,"  &c.  EDWARD  BEXSLY. 

S.S.  Grosser  Kurfiirsb,  Straits  of  Messina. 
(To  be  continued.) 

Calcas  opes  (9th  S.  xii.  303)  is  perhaps  a 
reminiscence  of  Statius  Silv.,  i.  3,  53,  "  Cal- 
cabarn  necopinus  ope.s,"  where  the  context 
plainly  proves  (though  superfluously)  PROF.. 
BEXSLY'S  point.  H.  K.  ST.  J.  S.. 


FKENCH  PROVERBIAL  PHRASES: 
(See  10th  S.  i.  3,  485 ;  ii.  404.) 

Eire  tie  coife.  To  be  born  to  good  luck.— 
Here  is  a  rondeau  on  the  subject  by  an  old» 
poet,  Claude  de  Malleville  (1597-1647)  :— 

Coiffe  d'un  froc  bien  raffine, 
Kfc  revetu  d'un  doyenne 
Qui  lui  rapuorte  de  quoi  frire, 
Frere  Rene  devient  messire, 
Kt  vit  comme  tin  determine. 
Un  prelat  riche  et  fortune, 
Sous  un  bonnet  enlumiue, 
Eu  est,  si  je  1'ose  dire, 
Coiffe. 

Ce  n'est  pas  que  frere  Rene 
D'aucun  merite  soil  orne, 
Q^u'il  soit  docte,  ou  qu'il  sache  ecrire., 
Ni  qu'il  ait  tant  le  mot  pour  rirc  ; 
Mais  c'est  seulement  nu'il  est  ne 
Coiffe. 


20-4 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,   [io<»  s.  m.  MARCH  is,  1905. 


Eau  lenite  de  cour.  Vain  promises.— Here 
is  a  little  poem  by  De  Senece  (1643-1732)  in 
illustration  : — 

Vingt  fois  par  jour  en  mon  chemin 

Se  trouve  Orgon,  qui  d'un  air  tendre 

Me  clit  eu  me  serrant  la  main  : 

A  quoi  peut-on  servir  Cleiudre  ? 

II  sait  que  j'ai  depuis  deux  uiois 
Perdu  mon  equipage  en  Flandre  ; 
Le  bourreau  me  dit  toutefois  : 
A  quoi  peut-on  servir  Cleandre? 

II  sait  qu'un  creancier  maudit 
*Saisit  mes  meubles,  les  fait  vendre, 
Et  pourtant  le  traitre  me  dit : 
A  quoi  peut-on  servir  Cleandre  ? 

Je  n'ai  besoin  de  rien,  Orgon, 
Si  ce  n'est  que  tu  t'ailles  pendre, 
Pour  n'entendre  plus  ce  jargon  : 
A  quoi  peut-on  servir  Cleandre? 

An  epitaph  by  Cesar  Blot  (died  1655)  on 
•Cardinal  Mazarin  contains  a  witty  jeu  de  mots 
•on  this  phrase  :  — 

O  vous  qui  passez  par  ce  lieu, 
Daignez  Jeter,  an  nom  de  Dieu, 
A  Mazarin  de  1'eau  benite. 
II  en  donna  tant  a  la  cour, 
Que  c'est  bien  le  moins  qu'il  merite 
D'en  avoir  a  son  tour. 

Precher  d'exemple.      To  practise  what  we 

¥  reach.  —  In  the  first  canto  of  '  L'Art  de 
recher,'  by  the  Abbe  de  Villiers,  a  simple- 
•minded  man  takes  literally  a  passage  in  a 
•sermon  against  luxury,  and,  having  two 
•coats,  tells  his  wife  to  sell  one  of  them  in 
Border  to  give  the  proceeds  to  the  poor.  His 
wife,  however,  is  desirous  of  knowing  exactly 
how  the  sermon  should  be  interpreted,  and 
rgoes  straight  to  the  preacher  : — 

Vous  demanded  mon  maitre, 
.Dit  le  valet :  bientot  vous  le  verrez  paraitre. 
Attendez.— Quoi  !  si  tard,  il  est  encore  au  lit? 
— Non,  pour  aller   aux  champs  monsieur  change 

d'habib. 

—Change  d'habit  !  dit-elle ;  adieu,  je  me  retire  : 
Puisqu'il  a  deux  habits  je  n'ai  rieu  a  lui  dire. 

C'est  ainsi  qu'en  prechant  on  fait  si  peu  de  fruit : 
JLe  sermon  eclin'e,  et  1'exemple  detruit. 

EDWARD  LATHAM. 


•SHAKESPEARE'S  PALL-BEARERS.— After  many 
years  some  of  the  queries  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  fine 
their  answers.  It  is  well  that,  like  Tenny- 
son's 'Brook,'  'N.  &  Q.' goes  on  for  ever,  to 
accommodate  these  things,  slower  than  the 
.mills  of  the  gods. 

At  6th  S.  x.  464  is  printed  a  letter  from  MR 
C.  C.  OSBORNE,  who  had  found  in  an  Ameri 
can  newspaper  an  account  of  an  old  grave 
stone  in  Virginia,  said  to  mark  the  grave  o 
Edward  Helder,  one  of  Shakespeare's  pall 
•bearers.  (This  in  December,  1884.)  In  the 


urrent  New  Shakespeareana  for  January, 
905,  twenty-one  years  afterwards,  under  the 
itle  '  An  American  Shakespeare  Hoax,'  I 
ind  the  exposure  of  the  fraud.  A  curious 
mrt  of  it  is  that  your  correspondent  of 
,wenty-one  years  ago  concludes  his  letter, 
'  The  whole  story  smacks  strongly  of  Yankee 
magination,"  and  Dr.  Morgan's  paper,  ex- 
oosing  the  whole  thing,  confirms  completely 
MR.  OSBORNE'S  suspicion. 

I  hope  that  '  N.  &  Q.'  may  still  go  on  for 
:he  sake  of  our  children's  grandchildren. 

C.  HAROLD  MCCHESNEY. 

[This  supposed  pall-bearer  of  Shakespeare  was 
brought  to  the  notice  of  readers  of '  N.  &  Q.'  more 
than  twenty  years  before  MR.  OSBORNE'S  letter 
appeared,  for  at  3rd  S.  ii.  188  ESTE  (the  late  S. 
Timmius)  quoted  an  account  of  the  tombstone 
inscription  given  by  Mr.  W.  Carew  Hazlitt  in  The 
Canadian  Free  Press  of  1  August,  18G2,  and  asked 
whether  readers  of  'N.  &  Q,'  "here,  or  over  the 
water,"  could  verify  or  demolish  "  this  very  cir- 
cumstantial statement  of  fact."  He  stated  that  he 
was  himself  "  very  sceptical "  on  the  subject.  No 
doubt  this  mythical  pall-bearer  will  in  due  course 
again  go  the  round  of  the  press  ;  but  readers  of 
'N.  &  Q,.,'  at  least,  will  not  be  troubled  at  his 
resurrection.] 

IRISH  FOLK-LORE.— I  cull  the  following  ex- 
amples from  Mr.  Samuel  M.  Hussey's  'Remi- 
niscences of  an  Irish  Land  Agent.'  During 
the  famine  of  "  the  black  forty-seven  " 

"  some  superstition prevented  even  the  children 

from  eating  the    myriads    of    blackberries    which 
ripened  on  the  bushes." — P.  52. 

"  It  was  generally  believed  that  the  priests  had 
power  to  change  men  into  frogs  and  toad?,  a  super- 
stition by  no  means  obsolete  even  now  in  lone  dis- 
tricts."—P.  94. 

"A  priest  once  threatened  a  bibulous  parishioner, 
that  if  he  did  not  become  more  sober  in  his  habits 
he  would  change  him  into  a  mouse.  '  Biddy,  me 
jewel,  I  can't  believe  Father  Pat  would  have  that 
power  over  me,"  said  the  man  that  same  evening  as 
the  shadows  fell,  '  but  all  the  same  you  might  as 
well  shut  up  the  cat.'  "—P.  294. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

"  VICARIATE." — This  word  has  been  wrongly 
used  in  the  newspapers  for  some  time.  The 
modern  tendency  to  abbreviation  has  caused 
the  disuse  of  the  old  name  "  vicarage-house," 
so  that  the  vicar's  house-of-residence  is  now 
known  as  "  the  vicarage."  Therefore,  to  avoid 
confusion,  another  word  was  needed  to  in- 
dicate the  benefice,  and  thus  "  vicariate"  has 
been  blunderingly  adopted.  But  "  vicariate  " 
means  the  period  of  the  vicar's  incumbency, 
or  the  whole  administration  of  his  cure.  I 
am  led  to  make  this  note  because  there  seems 
to  be  a  danger  of  "vicariate''  receiving 
ecclesiastical  recognition.  The  Bishop  of  Hull 
has  recently  printed  a  letter  wherein  he  says 
he  has  "accepted  the  vicariate  of  Hessle." 


io<- s.  in.  MARCH  is,  1905.]    NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


205 


When  he  became  a  bishop  did  he  accept  the 
"  episcopate  "  of  Hull  ]  W.  C.  B. 

'D.N.B.'  AND  'INDEX  AND  EPITOME.'— John 
Harrison  (1579-1656)  did  not  build  Kirkgate 
in  Leeds,  but  he  built  New  Street  or  New 
Kirkgate,  a  narrow  road  leading  to  St.  John's 
Church,  now  merged  in  New  Briggate.  He 
did  not  remove  the  Leeds  Grammar  School 
to  its  present  site,  but  he  removed  it  to 
North  Street,  whence  it  was  removed  to  its 
present  site  in  1859.  The  'D.N.B.'  states 
that  Harrison  was  the  son  of  John  Harrison 
by  Grace,  daughter  of  William  Kitchingman, 
and  married  the  daughter  of  Henry  Marton. 
That  statement  I  believe  is  inaccurate, 
Thoresby,  in  his  '  Ducatus,'  states  that 
Harrison  was  the  son  of  John  Harrison  and 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Henry  Marton,  and 
married  Elizabeth  Foxcroft,  of  Halifax,  who 
died  sp.,  5  May,  1631.  I  know  no  reason  for 
doubting  the  accuracy  of  Thoresby's  state- 
ment, for  John  Harrison  (the  father) 
mentioned  in  his  will  "  Elizabeth,  now  my 
wife,"  and  Elizabeth  the  wife  of  John 
Harrison  (the  son)  was  buried  at  Leeds, 
7  May,  1631.  See 'Leeds  Registers'  (Thoresby 
Society). 

John  Nalson  was  not  born  in  1638.  He 
was  baptized  2  August,  1637,  at  Holbeck 
Chapel,  Leeds,  of  which  his  father  was 
minister.  See  '  Leeds  Registers '  (Thoresby 
Society,  vol.  iii.  p.  217). 

Ralph  Thoresby  did  not,  apparently,  belong 
to  the  same  family  as  Archbishop  Thoresby 
(Thoresby  Society,  ix.  112).  To  say  that  he 
was  inaccurate  is  an  unjust  accusation.  His 
faults  were  chiefly  those  of  his  time,  and  were 
not  remarkable.  I  may  add  that  I  have  had 
a  long  and  extensive  experience  in  testing 
Thoresby's  statements  as  editor  of  the  Leeds 
parish  church  registers.  The  Thoresby  Society, 
founded  in  1889,  took  its  name  from  him. 

G.  D.  LUMB. 

_  CICERO'S  BUSTS.  —  The  following  curious 
circumstance  seems  worth  resuscitation  in 
these  columns.  It  is  taken  from  a  book 
entitled  '  Schola  Medicinre  Universalis  Nova,' 
by  William  Rowley,  M.D.  (for  whom  see  the 
'D.N.B.'),  published  in  London  in  1794,  and 
occurs  in  a  supplement  containing  an  Eng- 
lish translation  dated  179G,  on  p. ix: — 

"  The  antique  bust  of  Cicero,  in  my  possession,  is 
a  chef  d'feucre  of  art,  as  to  anatomical  accuracy. 
What  is  remarkable  [is],  that  on  the  side  of  the 
cheek  in  the  antique  Cicero  at  Oxford,  the  wart  is  on 
the  right  cheek,  just  on  the  inferior  margin  of  the 
os  malce,  or  cheek  bone ;  that  sculpture  shews  the 
great  orator  younger  than  mine.  In  the  face  of  my 
antique,  just  in  the  same  spot,  wherein  the  cicer, 
or  rather  excrescence,  appears  prominent  in  the 


Oxford  statue,  is  a  circular  indentation  in  mine,  a* 
though  the  excrescence  had  been  extirpated,  and 
the  part  after  the  removal  had  formed  an  hollow. 
They  both  correspond  as  to  the  situation  of  the 
wart,  only  that  in  the  Oxford  it  remains  pro- 
tuberatiug  beyond  the  skin  ;  in  my  bust  of  Cicero 
it  seems  to  have  been  removed.  The  bust,  I  have, 
could  not  have  been  finished  long  before  the  great 
orator's  cruel  death  ;  the  expression  in  the  face  is 
striking  and  corresponds  with  some  antique  seals 
of  which  I  had  impressions.  The  face,  the  pomum 
Adanii,  the  muscles  of  the  neck,  the  clavicles, 
superior  parts  of  the  breasts,  &c.,  are  all  ex- 
quisitely delineated  and  finished  with  the  most 
expressive  strokes  of  art.  There  are  but  three 
antique  busts  of  Cicero  extant  in  Europe  except 
that  which  I  possess,  which  I  procured  in  an  extra- 
ordinary manner." 

He  does  not  relate  the  "extraordinary 
manner"  ;  but  perhaps  this  is  not  much  loss, 
as  he  seems  to  have  been  the  kind  of  man. 
whose  "geese  are  all  swans." 

W.  R.  B.  PRIDEAUX. 

'  BEYOND  THE  CHURCH.'  (See  6th  S.  iv.  427  ; 
v.  16.) — This  anonymous  novel,  which  was 
published  in  1866,  in  three  volumes,  by 
Messrs.  Hurst  &  Blackett,  was  not  written 
by  Frederick  William  Robinson,  as  stated  in 
Halkett  and  Laing's  'Dictionary,'  but  by 
Thomas  Goodwin,  B.A.,  chaplain  of  Christ 
Church,  Oxford,  1861-3.  Under  the  pen- 
name  of  "Thornley  Grant,"  Mr.  Goodwin 
had  previously  written  another  novel,  called 
'  The  Mpated  Farm '  (1  vol.,  1861).  With  his 
own  name  he  issued  during  1859-66  some- 
small  books  on  the  arts  of  illumination, 
mural  decoration,  and  polychrome;  also  'A. 
Life  of  Fra  Angelico  da  Fiesole.' 

ITA  TESTOR. 

"MUNGOOSE":  ITS  ETYMOLOGY. — This  word 
is  treated  curiously  in  our  dictionaries.  The 
best  authorities,  Skeat  and  Yule,  mention 
only  two  of  the  many  Indian  forms,  viz., 
Telugu  mangisu,emd  Hindustani  and  Mahratti 
mangiis.  Further,  although  to  the  student  it 
would  seem  that  mangusis  the  exact  phonetic- 
equivalent  of  the  English  mungoose,  and  that 
the  Telugu  form  could  never  have  yielded 
ours,  yet  the  authorities  are  agreed  that 
mungoose  is  Telugu.  Why  is  this  ?  As  Dr. 
Bradley  must  shortly  deal  with  this  term,  it 
may  not  be  amiss  if  I  add  a  few  more  native 
Indian  synonyms.  The  two  above  both  con- 
tain a  sibilant,  and  so  do  the  Konkani  name 
for  the  animal,  mungasa,  and  one  of  its- 
Canarese  names,  nmngisi.  In  the  Dravidian 
family  of  languages  there  are  a  number  of 
interesting  local  forms  which  show,  instead 
of  the  sibilant,  a  liquid.  Thus  in  KittePs. 
'  Kannada  Dictionary '  (Mangalore,  1894)  1 
find  mungali,  munguli,  mungili,  munguri.  In 
Maenner's  'Tulu  Dictionary'  (Mangalore, 


«08 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,  [lo*  s.  111.  MAKCH  is,  1905. 


1886)  I  find  mungili,  mungile,  munguli.  In 
Canarese  there  is  also  a  contracted  form, 
ftiungi,  which  perhaps  explains  why  the 
Portuguese  called  the  animal  mungo. 

JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

PARLIAMENTARY  QUOTATION.  —  In  the 
-course  of  his  speech  in  the  debate  on  the 
Address  in  the  House  of  Commons  on  14  Feb- 
ruary, Sir  Henry  Campbell  -  Bannerman 
quoted  "two  lines  of  an  old  writer  in  some- 
what archaic  language,"  which  he  had  heard 
cited  by  John  Bright  with  great  effect.  The 
quotation — I  think  it  is  from  George  Wither, 
but  I  am  unable  to  verify — appears  to  have 
puzzled  the  Press  Gallery  reporters.  In  The 
Times,  Morning  Post,  Manchester  Guardian, 
and  Glasgow  Herald,  the  couplet  was  printed 
(I  assume  correctly)  as  follows  : — 

There  is  on  earth  a  more  auguster  thing, 
Veiled  though  it  be,  than  Parliament  or  King. 

The  Daily  Telegraph,  Birmingham  Post,  and 
Yorkshire  Post  omitted  from  their  reports  of 
the  speech  both  the  lines  and  the  explanatory 
sentence  in  which  Sir  Henry  stated  that  the 
'"  auguster  thing "  meant  the  "  public  con- 
science."  The  Standard  and  Daily  News 
furnished  their  readers  with  the  following 
version  : — 

There  is  a  real,  a  more  auguster  thing, 
Fleet  though  it  be,  than  Parliament  or  King. 

The  Daily  Chronicle  gave  the  following  :  — 
There  is  a  real,  a  more  auguster  thing, 
Veiled  though  it  be  from  Parliament  or  King. 

~The  Scotsman  differed  from  The  Times  only 
in  giving  the  word  "  fleet "  instead  of  "  veiled." 
'The  most  amusing  version  was  that  in  The 
Morning  Advertiser;  but  one  should  not, 
perhaps,  expect  poetry  in  that  quarter.  It 
was  as  follows  : — 

There  was  on  earth  a  more  auguster  thing 

Than  Parliament  and  the  King. 

Some  reader  of  '  N.  «fe  Q.'  will  be  able  to  state 
if  the  couplet  is  actually  Wither's. 

J.  GRIGOR. 
105,  Choumert  Road,  Peckham,  S.E. 

SIR  GEORGE  GROVE  ON  C.  H.  SPURGEON'S 
SCHOLARSHIP.— In  Mr.  Graves's  'Life  and 
Letters  of  Sir  George  Grove'  (1903)  I  have 
•come  upon  a  very  slighting  and  also  very 
unjust  criticism  of  the  Rev.  C.  H.  Spurgeon's 
.scholarship.  On  p.  56  of  the  work,  in  an 
•extract  from  Grove's  '  Reminiscences,'  the 
.following  passage  occurs  : — 

"  I  do  not  remember  that  I  ever  heard  more  than 

•one  sermon  from  him.    That  was  at  Exeter  Hall 

3t  was  interesting,  but  not  very  flattering  to  his 
.-scholar-ahiip.  The  text  was:  'They  shall  never 
-peris-h,  'neither  shall  any  pluck  them  out  of  my 
•hand.'  He  said :  '  You  will  observe  here  how 
definite  the  promise  is.  It  does  not  say  they  icill 


never  perish,  but  it  is  the  definite  form  of  the 
future — they  shall  never  perish.'  It  gave  me  rather 
a  shock,  because  I  was  well  aware  that  there  is  no 
definite  future  in  Greek,  and,  whether  the  English 
is  'shall'  or  'will,'  it  is  the  plain  future  in  the 
Greek." 

I  cannot  pretend  to  say  what  was  the 
extent  of  Spurgeon's  classical  scholarship  ; 
but  that  he  learnt  Greek  as  a  young  man 
is  stated  in  at  least  one  of  his  biographies. 
It  is  also  well  known  what  great  pains  he 
gave  to  the  preparation  of  his  sermons.  In 
this  case  he  certainly  showed  a  better  ac- 
quaintance than  his  critic  with  the  original 
Greek.  The  expression  in  the  Gospel  is  ou 
l*.r)  aTroAtoVTat  (John  x.  28).  Almost  all  gram- 
marians agree  in  regarding  ou  //TJ  with  aor. 
subj.  as  the  most  emphatic  form  of  future 
denial.  Prof.  Goodwin  ('  G.M.T.,'  §  295)  says  : 

"Thus    ou    /Jirj    TOUTO    yerrjTat means  This 

surely  will  not  happen."  Prof.  Blass,  in 
his  'Grammar  of  New  Testament  Greek," 
writes  on  p.  209 :  "  The  most  definite  form 
of  a  negative  assertion  about  the  future  is 
that  with  ou  /ny,  which  also  appears  in 
classical  Greek."  Prof.  Burton,  of  Chicago 
University,  writes  :  "A  predictive  future  is 
sometimes  made  emphatically  negative  by 
the  use  of  the  negatives  ou  /oj "  ('  New  Testa- 
ment Moods  and  Tenses,'  p.  35).  It  is  needless 
to  accumulate  further  authorities.  The  inci- 
dent may  serve  as  a  warning  against  that 
hasty  criticism  of  which  the  clergy  are  so 
often  the  victims  at  the  hands  of  us  lay  folk. 

ALEX.  LEEPER. 

Trinity  College,  Melbourne  University. 

JACOBEAN  HOUSES  IN  FLEET  STREET.— The 
appearance  and  history  of  No.  17,  Fleet 
Street,  are  now  so  familiar  to  the  public  that 
the  fact  of  an  equally  fine  Jacobean  house 
having  existed  at  the  other  end  of  Fleet 
Street  will  probably  be  of  interest.  It  is 
mentioned  in  a  letter  from  W.  Bray  to  John 
Gough  Nichols,  bearing  date  9  September, 
1829:  — 

"  [I]  cannot  suppose  that  the  room  so  much 
ornamented  as  that  which  has  been  found  in  a 
house,  the  present  corner  house  at  the  entrance  to 
the  new  Fleet  Market,  should  have  escaped  your 
observation,  so  near  as  it  is  to  that  spot  where  your 
good  father  and  yourself  lived  so  long.  It  seems 
it  was  thought  that  this  house  would  be  left  stand- 
ing, but  that  it  is  now  to  go  the  way  of  common 
brick  and  mortar. 

"The  first  notice  I  heard  of  it  was,  that  it  was 
part  of  a  Palace  of  King  John  ;  a  friend  of  mine, 
however,  who  went  to  see  it,  ascertained  that  for 
King  John  we  should  read  King  James,  ascertained 
by  the  date  of  1617. 

"But  \yhether  you  do  know  it  or  should  by  some 
strange  circumstance  still  have  to  go  it  [a]  pilgrim- 
age to  see  it,  i  hope  t-Q  see  some  account  of  it  in) 
your  next  number," 


10*8.  III.  MARCH  18,  1905.]      NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


207 


As  Fleet  Market  was  removed  during  October 
and  November,  1829,  the  house  must  have 
been  at  the  entrance  of  Farringdon  Market. 
I  cannot  trace  any  reference  to  it  in  Noble 
or  other  local  historians. 

ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 
39,  Hillmarton  Road. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  sent  to  them 
direct. 

DICKENS   OR   WILKIE   COLLINS?— Is  'The 
Lazy  Tour  of    Two    Idle    Apprentices'  the 
single-handed  work  of  Dickens  ?  or  was  the 
story    written   by  Dickens  in   collaboration 
with  Wilkie  Collins?    An  incident  given  at 
considerable  length  in  this  tale  appears  also 
as  an  unconnected  story — the  fifth  story  of 
the    series— in    Wilkie  Collins's   '  Queen  of 
Hearts,'  under  the  title  of  'The  Dead  Hand.' 
The  incident  is  briefly  this  :  Arthur  Holliday 
is  anxious  to  secure  a  bedroom  at  Doncaster 
for  a  night  during  the  race-week.    The  place 
is  full.     No  room  is  to  bo  had  except  at  a 
tavern   in   a    suburban   part    of    the    town,  i 
After  he  has  made  his  bargain  with  the  land-  j 
lord  he  finds  that  he  is  sharing  a  double- : 
bedded  room  with  what  was  supposed  to  be 
a  corpse.     Too   proud    to  draw  back  from  a  • 
rash  boast  he  had  made  to  the  landlord,  he 
retains  the  room,  and  makes  the  best  of  an 
unpleasant  situation.  Shortly  after  midnight  ] 
the  body  shows  signs  of  life.     Medical  assist-  ! 
ance  is  called  in.     The  patient  is  completely  i 
recovered,   and  leaves  the  inn  a  few  hours 
afterwards. 

In  the  Gadshill  edition  of  Dickens's  works 
the  editor,  Mr.  Andrew  Lang,  in  his  general 
introduction  to  the  two  volumes  of  'Christ- 
mas Stories,'  reminds  us  that  the  novelist  was 
in  the  habit  of  receiving  contributions  from 
other  writers,  and  that  he  embodied  their 
work  in  several  of  his  stories  as  they  appeared 
in  the  Christmas  numbers  of  Household 
Words  and  All  the  Year  Sound.  It  seems  to 
have  been  the  intention  of  Mr.  Lang  to  repro- 
duce in  these  two  volumes  only  what  Dickens 
actually  wrote.  For  this  reason  he  has 
omitted  one  chapter  in  '  The  Perils  of  Cer- 
tain English  Prisoners,'  six  chapters  in  'The 
Haunted  House,'  two  chapters  in  '  A  Message 
from  the  Sea,'  and  four  chapters  in  "Tom 
Tiddler's  Ground.' 

In  a  prefatory  note  to  '  No  Thoroughfare,' 
Mr.  Lang  states  what  portions  were  respec- 
tively written  by  Dickens  and  Wilkie  Collins  ; 


but  he  gives  this  "melodramatic  piece  "in  its 
entirety.  The  reason,  of  course,  is  obvious 
why  he  has  done  so.  Now,  when  we  come  to 
'The  Lazy  Tour  of  Two  Idle  Apprentices,' 
he  gives  no  hint  of  any  kind  to  suggest  that 
this  story  is  not  the  single-handed  work  of 
Dickens.  In  his  general  introduction  he 
merely  states  the  origin  of  the  tale,  and  says 
that  "  the  little  romance  of  the  man  who 
shared  a  double-bedded  room  with  a  corpse 
may  be  founded  on  a  similar  incident  in  the 
early  days  of  Sir  Walter  Scott."  This  "  little 
romance"  occupies  one- fifth  of  the  whole 
story.  Had  Dickens  not  written  that  portion 
of  '  The  Lazy  Tour,'  I  should  have  thought 
that  Mr.  Lang  would  have  mentioned  the 
fact. 

I  do  not  know  for  certain  when  '  The 
Queen  of  Hearts  '  was  published.  My  copy  of 
the  novel  is  a  late  edition,  but  it  contains  a 
letter  of  dedication  to  Emile  Forgues,  dated 
October,  1859.  That  probably  is  the  date  of 
publication.  'The  Lazy  Tour  of  Two  Idle 
Apprentices'  first  appeared  in  Household 
Words  in  October,  1857. 

FREDERICK  B.  FIRMAN,  M.A. 

Castleacre,  SwafFham,  Norfolk. 

['The  Queen  of  Hearts,'  published  in  1859  in 
three  volumes,  was  briefly  noticed  in  TheAthenceum 
of  22  October,  1859,  as  "  reprinted  from  the  pages 
of  Household  Words."  In  the  Athenwum  for  the 
next  week  appeared  a  letter  from  Wilkie  Collins, 
who  stated  that  rather  less  than  one-fourth  of  the 
work  was  reprinted  from  Household  Words,  and 
that  '  The  Black  Cottage,' '  The  Biter  Bit,'  and  'A 
Plot  in  Private  Life'  had  not  appeared  before  "in 
Household  Words,  or  in  any  other  English  periodical 
whatever " ;  but  no  reference  was  made  to  '  The 
Dead  Hand.'] 

THE  PAWNBROKER'S  SIGN  AND  THE  MEDICI 
ARMS. — What  is  the  correct  origin  of  the 
pawnbroker's  sign  ?  Were  not  the  three 
golden  purses,  or  balls,  originally  the  em- 
blematic device  of  the  charitable  St.  Nicholas 
(patron  of  Venice,  also  of  merchants  and 
others),  and  used  by  the  Lombard  merchants 
who  settled  in  England  as  a  sign  that  they 
were  ready  to  help  people  in  distress  by  lend- 
ing money,  but  not  without  security  ? 

It  is  sometimes  said  that  the  same  sign 
also  represents  the  arms  of  the  Medici  family 
of  Florence ;  but  is  not  the  correct  armorial 
coat  of  this  family  as  follows  :  Six  red  balls 
on  a  field  of  gold  ?  Also,  is  there  any  positive 
proof  that  the  Medici  family  ever  dabbled  in 
medicine  before  they  commenced  banking  ? 

JOHN  OATES. 

[At  7th  S.  i.  469  PROF.  J.  D.  BUTLER,  of  Wis- 
consin, mentioned  that  the  pawnbroker's  three  balls 
were  noticed  in  the  first  number  of  '  N.  &  Q.,'  and 
that  the  discussion  which  followed  showed  that 
opinions  were  divided  as  to  the  origin  of  the  sign, 


208 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [10*  s.  in.  MARCH  is,  1905. 


some  contributors  favouring  the  derivation  from 
the  palle  of  the  Medici,  and  others  attributing  them 
to  the  gold  pieces  or  purses  of  St.  Nicholas.  PIIOF. 
BUTLKR'S  appeal  for  conclusive  evidence  seems  to 
have  failed.  Perhaps  our  present  contributor  may 
be  more  successful.] 

WILLIAM  CARROLL.— Lately  I  picked  up  on 
a  bookstall  an  octavo  volume,  lettered  on  the 
back  "  Carroll  against  Locke."  This  inscrip- 
tion may  be  accounted  for  by  reference  to 
the  second  of  two  publications  which  the 
volume  contains,  viz.,  "A  Dissertation  upon 
the  Tenth  Chapter  of  the  Fourth  Book  of  Mr. 
Locke's  Essay,  &c.  By  William  Carroll.  1706." 
Prefixed,  however,  to  this  in  the  volume  is 
"  An  Antidote  against  Infidelity.  In  Answer 
to  a  Book,  Intituled,  Second  Thoughts  con- 
cerning Human  Soul,  &c.  By  a  Prebyter  [sic] 
of  the  Church  of  England.  1702."  This 
is  in  reply  to  William  Coward,  who  is  gene- 
rally thought  to  have  been  influenced  by 
Locke's  writings.  I  ask  two  questions  :  (1) 
Are  these  two  works  by  the  same  author  ? 
(2)  Who  was  this  William  Carroll  1 

V.H.LLJ.C.LV. 

[Halkett  and  Laing  state  that  'An  Antidote 
against  Infidelity'  is  by  Matthew  Hole.] 

WILLESDEN  FAMILIES.— Can  any  one  give 
recent  generations  or  names  of  living  repre- 
sentatives of  the  Franklin,  Twyford,  Nicoll, 
Pitt,  Paine,  or  other  families  of  this  parish  1 
Persons  of  these  names  appear  as  holding 
the  principal  farms  there  at  the  time  of 
the  award  of  the  common  lands  (1816),  and  the 
names  have  been  traced  back  through  the 
registers  and  probate  courts  for  many  genera- 
tions. Any  other  particulars  suitable  for  a 
history  of  the  parish  will  be  valued  by 

FRED.  HITCHIN-KEMP,  F.R.Hist.S. 

6,  Beechfield  Road,  Catford,  8.E. 

WILLESDEN:  THE  PLACE  NAME.  —  What  is 
the  origin  of  this  place-name?  It  seems 
formerly  to  have  been  spelt  Willisdon,  and 
also,  in  Latin,  Vilsedonum  (see  Thos.  Wright's 
*  Letters  relating  to  the  Suppression  of  the 
Monasteries,'  Camden  Soc.,  1893). 

H.  W.  UNDERDOWN. 

MADAME  PARISOT. — I  have  a  fine  and  very 
dramatic  portrait  in  oils  of  Madame  Parisot, 
a  celebrated  ballet-dancer  at  the  Opera.  It 
is  the  work  of  John  James  Masquerier,  a 
portrait  painter  of  French  parentage,  born 
in  England  in  1778,  who  is  also  responsible 
or  paintings  of  Miss  Mellon  (the  Duchess  of 
St.  Albans)  and  Miss  O'Neil  (Lady  Becher)— 
both  in  the  collection  of  Lady  Burdett-Coutts 
— Emma,  Lady  Hamilton,  and  others.  The 
picture,  which  has  been  finely  engraved  in 
stipple  by  Charles  Turner,  is  50  in.  by  40  in., 


and  shows  her  dancing  in  ballet  costume  and 
holding  a  wreath  of  flowers  above  her  head. 
Is  anything  further  ascertainable  about  the 
portrait  or  about  the  dancer,  whose  features 
are  also  preserved  in  a  picture  by  A.  W.  Devis, 
engraved  by  John  Raphael  Smith  ? 

E.  E.  LEGGATT. 
62,  Cheapside,  E.G. 

CATHERINE  OF  BRAGANZA.  —  I  found  at 
Wroughton  House,  Wilts,  the  following  lines, 
written  in  a  green  parchment-covered  note- 
book, containing  Rider's  'British  Merlin,' 
with  Almanac  for  1715  : — 

Here's  a  helth  to  Kate 
Our  sovereigns  mate 
Of  the  royal  house  of  Lisbon 
But  ye  divel  take  hide 
And  y°  Bishope  beside 
That  ever  made  her  bone  of  his  bone. 
Are  these  verses  known?     The  subject  of 
them  is  obvious.  In  the  note-book  is  written, 
"Oliver  Calley  his  book  1721."   Oliver  Calley, 
of  Burderop,  Wilts,  married  Isabella,  daughter 
of   Robert   Codrington,   of   Codrington   and 
Didmarton,  Gloucestershire,  born  1682. 

R.  H.  C. 
Chichester. 

AMERICAN  PRAYER-BOOK.— Is  there  any 
book  conveniently  showing  (in  parallel 
columns,  or  some  such  arrangement)  the 
alterations  introduced  in  the  Book  of 
Common  Prayer  by  "the  Protestant  Epis- 
copal Church  in  the  United  States  of 
America,"  and  the  dates  of  such  alterations  ? 

Q.  V. 

BALANCES  OR  SCALES.— Can  any  of  your 
readers  tell  me  where  a  pair  of  scales- 
balances,  bilanx— of  English  make,  of  so 
early  a  date  as  the  latter  half  of  the  fourteenth 
or  the  first  half  of  the  fifteenth  century,  may 
be  seen,  or  refer  me  to  any  illustration 
delineating  its  construction  in  any  book  or 
MS.  of  that  date,  or  pictures  of  it  in  use  1 

3.  A.  K. 

ARMS  OF  CUMBRIA.— Did  the  most  ancient 
arms  of  Cumbria  consist  of  six  mullets  or 
stars  ]  I  have  seen  a  statement  to  this  effect, 
but  cannot  recall  the  authority,  and  shall  be 
glad  to  have  information  on  the  point. 

D.  M.  R. 

"ALLEN."  — What  is  the  meaning  of  the 
word  "Allen"  used  as  a  motto  by  Louis  II., 
Duke  of  Bourbon,  who  died  in  1410?  Accord- 
ing to  Moreri,  this  word,  in  letters  of  gold 
upon  a  silver  shield,  was  to  be  seen  in  an 
oratory  belonging  to  the  chapel  of  the 
Chateau  of  Moulins  in  Bourbonnais,  and 
also  in  the  Bourbon  chapel  in  the  Louvre  at 


10*8.  III.  MARCH  18,  1905.]     NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


209 


Paris.  The  duke  adopted  "Esperance"  as 
his  motto  at  a  later  period.  MERVARID. 

CAER  AND  CHITTY  FAMILIES.— I  want  a  copy 
of  the  marriage  certificate  of  Charles  Carr 
and  Mary  Chitty  and  the  baptismal  certifi- 
cate of  their  son  Antony  Christopher  Carr. 
Mary  Chitty  came  from  Deal,  but  she  was 
not  married  there,  and  we  do  not  know  where 
to  search.  (Mrs.)  L.  E.  A.  TUBES. 

Denholme,  Datchet. 

SCHOOLS  FIRST  ESTABLISHED.— Can  any  of 
your  readers  tell  me  when  schools  were  first 
established  ]  What  sort  of  establishments 
were  the  early  schools  ?  Were  they  adjuncts 
to  the  various  monasteries  then  scattered  over 
the  kingdom  1  In  reading  the  other  day  in 
the  British  Museum  the  will  of  a  nobleman 
dated  1483,  I  see  he  directed  his  executors  to 
send  his  heir  "ad  scholas."  T.  B.  L. 

[Much  information  will  be  found  at  9th  S.  i.  166, 
21o,:2o7,  269.] 

SIR  HARRY  BATH  :  SHOTOVER.  —  Who  was 
the  Sir  Harry  Bath  mentioned  in  Wither's 
lines  hereinafter  quoted  ?  Where  is  the 
legend  to  be  found  which  connects  him  with 
Shotover  1  — 

Yet  old  Sir  Harry  Bath  was  not  forgot, 
In  the  remembrance  of  whose  wondrous  shot 
The  forest  by  (believe  it,  they  who  will !) 
Retains  the  surname  of  Shotover  still. 
George  Wither,  'Abuses  Whipt  and  Stript.' 

S.   F.  HULTON. 
10,  Kings  Bench  Walk,  Temple 

"BEATING  THE  BOUNDS." — The  means  by 
which  the  boundaries  of  a  parish  were  at  one 
time  retained  in  the  parishiouers'memory  was 
by  perambulations  or  "  beating  the  bounds." 
Injunction  18  of  the  In  junctions  of  Elizabeth, 
while  generally  forbidding  processions,  directs 
that  the  people, 

"  for  the  containing  of  the  perambulation  of  the 
circuit  of  the  parishes,  shall  once  a  year,  at  (he 
time  accustomed,  with  the  curate  and  the  sub- 
stantial men  of  the  parish,  walk  about  their  parishes 
as  they  were  accustomed,  and  at  their  return  to 
church  make  their  common  prayer." 

In  the  '  Encyclopaedia  of  the  Laws  of  Eng- 
land '  it  is  stated  that  the  perambulations 
took  place  at  Rogation  tide  ;  but  I  have  been 
unable  to  ascertain  whether  in  every  parish 
throughout  the  country  the  custom  was 
observed  at  that  time.  I  should  be  glad  of 
information  on  the  point. 

I  understand  the  perambulations  still  take 
place  in  some  few  parishes.  I  should  be  glad 
of  instances.  R.  VAUGHAN  GOWER. 

50,  Mount  Pleasant  Road,  Tunbridge  Wells. 

[See  1st  S.  xii.  133  :  3rf  S.  vi.  107  ;  5th  S.  vii.  365, 
517  ;  viii.  117,  158 ;  6th  S.  iii.  506  ;  8th  S.  ii.  245. 1 


tcs. 


SCOTTISH    NAVAL   AND   MILITARY 

ACADEMY. 
(10th  S.  iii.  148.) 

A  HISTORY  of  this  academy,  which  was 
instituted  in  1825,  would  be  of  great  interest 
to  many  persons,  and  perhaps  it  might  not 
be  difficult  to  compile  one  from  records  in 
the  possession  of  those  relatives  of  the  late 
Capt.  Orr  who  still  reside  in  Edinburgh, 
and  from  other  sources.  I  can  supply  a 
few  notes  concerning  it  in  the  years  1853-4. 
It  was  situated  on  the  western  side  of  the 
Lothian  Road,  Edinburgh,  adjoining  Scott's 
riding-school,  and  nearly  opposite  the  main 
entrance  to  St.  Cuthbert's  Churchyard  ;  but 
the  site  was  acquired  some  years  ago  by 
the  Caledonian  Railway  Company,  and  the 
buildings  were  pulled  down. 

Prince  Albert  was  Patron  of  the  Academy, 
and  Viscount  Hardinge,  Commander-in-Chief, 
was  its  President.  A  large  number  of  Scottish 
noblemen  and  gentlemen  were  Vice-Presi- 
dents  and  Extraordinary  Directors,  but  the 
real  governing  body  was  the  board  of  Ordi- 
nary Directors,  composed  of  influential  men 
who  had  been  connected  with  the  army  or 
navy  and  were  resident  in  Edinburgh. 

Old  pupils  may  care  to  be  reminded  of  the 
names  of  the  teachers  in  those  years  :  Engi- 
neering, fortification,  &c.,  Lieut.  Mackie ; 
landscape  drawing,  George  Simson,  U.S.A. ; 
mathematics,  George  Lees,  LL.D.  ;  Latin 
anc1.  Greek,  William  Skae  ;  arithmetic,  James 
and  Alexander  Trotter  ;  history,  &c.,  William 
Graham,  LL.D.  ;  Persian,  Hindostanee,  and 
Arabic,  Prof.  Liston  ;  French,  F.  Senebier  ; 
Italian,  S.  Rampini ;  German,  Dr.  Nachot ; 
fencing,  Messrs.  Roland  ;  artillery  exercises, 
Sergeant  Webster,  late  R.A. 

The  Superintendent  was  Capt.  John  Orr, 
who  had  been  a  lieutenant  in  the  42nd  High- 
landers, and  was  wounded  at  Quatre  Bras 
and  Waterloo.  I  have  a  large  engraved  por- 
trait of  him  in  his  uniform  as  Superintendent. 
The  Academy  sergeant  was  Alexander  Men- 
zies,  a  Peninsular  veteran. 

A  display  of  military  exercises,  followed 
by  presentation  of  prizes,  took  place  annually, 
in  July,  in  the  Music  'Hall,  George  Street. 
The  pupils  wore  a  Glengarry  cap,  dark  blue 
shell-jacket,  with  single  row  of  gilt  buttons, 
waistbelt,  and  white  trousers. 

Many  pupils  entered  the  East  India  Com- 
pany's service.  In  the  following  list  of  prize- 
winners in  1853-4  I  have  inserted  the 
regiments  to  which  some  of  them  were 
afterwards  appointed  :  Andrew  Balmer,  Ber- 


210 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [ioih  s.  in.  MARCH  is,  1905. 


wickshire  ;  Hugh  Boyd,  Bengal :  Alex.  R.  A. 
Boyd  ;  Wm.  C.  Brown,  Fifeshire ;  Dudley 
Beaumont,  Yorkshire  (80th  Regt.) ;  Ilobb. 
Bond,  Gloucestershire ;  William  Chaytor, 
Yorkshire;  Thomas  Cadell,  East  Lothian 
(now  Col.  Cadell,  V.C.);  Thomas  Drummond  ; 
Gordon  Ducat,  Midlothian  (28th  Foot)  ; 
Andrew  Douie,  Kinross-shire ;  Henry  R 
Elliot,  Madras  (now  major  -  general)  ; 
W.  T.  S.  C.  Graham,  Bombay  ;  Geo.  S.  Hills, 
Bengal  ;  Robt.  D.  Lowe,  Bombay  :  Fred. 
Lake,  Kent;  John  T.  Mayne,  Midlothian 
(17th  Foot);  John  M'Dougall,  Madras 
(14th  Foot) ;  William  C.  S.  Mair,  Edinburgh 
(12th  Foot,  now  colonel) ;  John  T.  M'Gown, 
Madras  ;  Donald  Macdonald,  Calcutta  (now 
colonel)  ;  T.  K.  Morgan,  Midlothian 
(63rd  Regt.) ;  John  R.  Maule,  Calcutta 
(49th  Regt.) ;  John  Macfarlane,  Calcutta ; 
John  J.  S.  O'Neill  (20th  Foot,  now  major- 
general)  ;  Robert  V.  Pitcairn,  Batavia  ;  John 
W.  Pitcairn  (brothers);  Alex.  T.  Rolland, 
Madras  (now  colonel) ;  Edw.  C.  Ross,  Down 
(now  Col.  Sir  Edward  Ross,  C.S.I.) ;  William 
Starke,  Midlothian  (15th  Foot,  now  major- 
general);  David  H.  Trail,  Midlothian;  Geo.  W. 
Thompson,  Midlothian  (1st  Foot) ;  Alfred 
Trigge,  Middlesex  (66th  Regt.);  Albert 
Vidler,  Surrey  (93rd  Highlanders) ;  Thomas 
Walker,  Stirlingshire ;  W.  M.  N.  Watson, 
Midlothian  ;  Robert  A.  Wauchope,  Edin- 
burgh; Win.  Digby  Wentworth,  Yorkshire 
(7th  Dragoon  Guards). 

Among  other  pupils  during  at  least  part 
of  those  years  were  :  F.  Adams,  Robert  Blair 
(9th  Lancers),  Geo.  Leslie  Bryce  (14th  Foot), 
C.  W.  Campbell  (now  lieut.-col.),  Farquhar- 
son  (92nd  Highlanders),  Fairfax  Fearnley 
(18th  Royal  Irish),  Geo.  Johnston  (Royal 
Marines),  John  Liston  (now  colonel),  R.  R. 
Manson,  Archd.  Gibson  Murray,  Robert 
Murray,  Charles  M'Kay  (97th  Regt),  A.  H. 
M'Nab,  the  Earl  of  Rothes,  Wm.  J.  Saul 
(45th  Regt),  Francis  A.  Stewart  (Ceylon 
Rifles),  Robert  Vernor  (88th  Regt),  Thos. 
Brodie  Wardlaw  (38th  Regt). 

The  present  Archbishop  of  York  was  a 
pupil  for  two  or  three  years  before  he  entered 
the  Madras  army  in  1846.  His  father,  Dr. 
David  Maclagan,  one  of  the  "  Ordinary 
Directors"  in  the  years  1853-4,  had  the 
medal  and  clasps  for  Badajoz,  Salamanca, 
Vittoria,  Pyrenees,  Nivelle,  and  Nive. 
remember  him  well.  W.  S. 


SPLIT  INFINITIVE  (10th  S.  ii.  406  ;  iii.  17,  51, 
95,  150).— COL.  PHIDEA.UX  has  started  a  most 
interesting  discussion,  which, it  is  to  be  hoped, 
will  induce  some  grammatical  pundit  to  settle 
once  for  all  this  nice  point  in  our  language 


To  aid  such  a  one  in  coming  to  a  decision, 
[  beg  to  offer  the  following  observations.  In 
the  first  place,  we  must  clearly  understand 
what  a  split  infinitive  is.  I  take  it  to  be  a 
verb  infinitive,  as,  for  example,  to  die,  used 
in  this  fashion,  to  gloriously  die.  But  there 
is  no  such  verb  infinitive  as  "to  gloriously 
die";  we  might  say  "gloriously  to  die,"  but 
"  to  die  gloriously  "  would,  it  seems  to  me, 
be  a  better  expression.  Die  we  all  must ; 
whether  bravely  or  shamefully  is  another 
matter,  which  depends  on  character  and  cir- 
cumstances, and  does  not  precede,  but  follow 
the  event,  and  of  which  posterity  is  the 
judge,  not  we  ourselves.  I  therefore  hold  it 
to  be  bad  grammar  to  separate  the  to  from 
the  die,  because,  though  they  appear  to  be 
distinct  words,  the  two  together  must  be 
employed  if  we  wish  to  translate  Horace's 
"  pro  patria  mori"  or  "  Mourir  pour  la 
patrie"in  Rouget  de  Lisle's  thrilling  '  Mar- 
seillaise.' 

In  the  second  place,  the  abuse  of  the  split 
infinitive  can  only  apply  to  the  present  tense 
of  the  mood,  as  "to  love,"  "  to  act,"  "  to  be," 
"  to  have."  If  we  take  such  a  compound  as 
"to  be  greatly  loved,"  we  are  employing  a  per- 
fectly legitimate  form  of  expression,  because 
the  infinitive,  which  is  to  be,  is  not  split.  But 
say  "  to  greatly  be  loved  "  ;  then  we  have 
the  monster  with  a  wanion  !  If  the  former 
expression  be  regarded  by  any  one  as  a  split 
infinitive,  then  he  must  of  necessity  look 
upon  such  phrases  as  "I  am  much  troubled," 
"I  was  very  frightened,"  ifec.,  as  split  tenses. 
Whither  will  all  this  lead  him  ]  "Inebriated 
with  the  cup  of  [grammatical]  insanity,  and 
flung  upon  the  stream  of  recklessness,  he 
will  dash  down  the  cataract  of  nonsense,  and 
whirl  amid  the  pools  of  confusion." 

Let  us  take  two  phrases,  such  as  "to  be 
drunk"  and  "to  be  stupid";  what  are  the 
words  "drunk"  and  "stupid"  but  adjec- 
tives, though  we  dignify  the  former  with 
the  name  of  a  participle  past?  They  can 
both  be  modified  with  equal  propriety  by  an 
adverb,  as  "  to  be  horribly  drunk  "  or  "  to  be 
extremely  stupid,"  and  in  neither  phrase  is 
there  a  split  infinitive.  But  change  the  posi- 
tion of  the  adverbs  and  say  "to  horribly  be 
drunkj"  and  "  to  extremely  be  stupid,"  then 
we  shall  have  two  of  the  ugliest  specimens 
that  the  new  century  has  yet  seen.  If  the 
author  of  '  Jude  the  Obscure,'  and  the  writer 
of  a  recent  letter  on  '  Marriage,'  affect  such 
novelties  of  diction — as  they  are  said  to  do — 
I  must  conclude  that  their  studies  in  ethics 
and  grammar  have  led  to  results  which  few 
of  their  countrymen  will  approve. 

The  whole  question  of  the  split  infinitive 


10<»  S.  III.  MARCH  IS,  1905.]      NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


211 


turns  on  the  position  of  the  particle  to,  whic 
is  the  prefix  to  our  verb  infinitive  and  th 
sign  of  it.     It  is  omitted    before   infinitive 
following  what  we  call  the  auxiliary  verbs 
shall,  will,  can,  may,  do,  and  also  must  anc 
let,  and   oftener  than   not,   bid,  dare,  hear 
make,   see,  and   perhaps   some  others.     (Se 
'  The  English  of  Shakespeare,'  by  G.  L.  Craik 
fourth  edition,  pp.  64-5.)     But  Dr.  Guest,  a 
we    learn    from    this    excellent    work,    ha 
produced   "  citations  from  the  same  write 
which  exhibit  the  auxiliaries  may,  will,  can 
with  the  to.    And   he    also  produces  from 
Spenser  ('  F.  Q.,'  iv.  7,  32) 
Whom  when  on  ground  she  grovelling  saw  to  roll ; 
and  from  Shakspeare  ('Othello,'  IV.  ii.) 
I  durst,  my  lord,  to  wager  she  is  honest. 
In  a  few  other  cases  we  find  that  the  sign 
of  the  infinitive  may  be  omitted,  but  we  al 
know,  or  ought  to  know,  in  what  mood  the 
verb  is.  It  may  even  be  elegantly  suppressed 
as  when  the   blushing  bride  promises   "to 
love,    cherish,   and    to    obey   till   death    do 
us  part"  her  "wedded   husband."    But  in 
modern   English— £hat  is,    "the  English   oi 
the  last  four  centuries"  ('The  Making  oi 
English,'    by  Henry  Bradley,   p.  8)— if  we 
examine    the   works    of    Chaucer,   Ascham, 
Shakespeare,  Ben  Jonson,  Dryden,  Addisonj 
Pope,  and,  coming  to  our  own  time,  those  of 
Thackeray,  Tennyson,  Newman,  and  Ruskin, 
we  shall  find  it  to  be  the  universal  custom 
of  these  great  writers  to  place  the  sign  to 
before  the  verb,  as  in  to  love.  If  half  a  dozen 
examples  of  a  split  infinitive  could  be  found 
in  their  works,  they  would  only  show  that 
genius    cannot    always    command    perfect 
expression   and  now  and  then  trips   in   its 
grammar.     The  exceptions  would  prove  the 
rule,  which  I  shall  give  as  briefly  as  possible. 
In    the    sixth    chapter    of   Ben    Jonson's 
'English  Grammar'  to  is  recognized  as  the 
sign  of  the  verb  "infinite."    In  Dr.  Lowth's 
'Short  Introduction   to  English  Grammar' 
(1762)  we  read  on  p.  108  that  "  to  before  a 
verb  is  the  sign  of  the  infinitive  mode."    I 
could  add  quotations  to  the  same  effect  from 
Johnson's  'Dictionary'  (sixth  ed.,  1782),  not 
under  to,  but  under  the  word  for;  Harris's 
Hermes,'  bk.  i.  chap.  viii.  ;   Home  Tooke's 
'Diversions  of  Purley,'  pt.  i.  chap,  ix.,  and 
other  authorities  ;  but  I  will  conclude  with 
paragraph  93  of  Cobbett's  '  Grammar.'    "  The 
infinitive  mood,"  he  says,  with  as  much  clear- 
ness as  common  sense, 

"  is  the  verb  in  its  primitive  state :  as,  to  march. 
And  this  is  called  the  infinitive,  because  it  is  with- 
out bounds  or  limit.  It  merely  expresses  the  action 
of  marching,  without  any  constraint  as  to  person 
or  number  or  time.  The  little  word  to  makes,  in 


fact,  a  part  of  the  verb.  This  word  to  is,  of  itself,  a 
preposition  :  but  as  prefixed  to  verbs,  it  is  merely  a 
siyii  of  the  infinitive  mood.  In  other  languages, 
there  is  no  such  sign.  In  the  French,  for  instance, 
aller  means  to  go;  ecrire  means  to  write.  Thus, 
then,  you  will  bear  in  mind  that  in  English  the  to 
makes  a  part  of  the  verb  itself  when  in  the  infini- 
tive mood." 

W.  Hazlitt,  a  most  competent  judge,  does 
not  hesitate  to  say  that  Cobbett  is  "one  of 
the  best  writers  in  the  language."  With  his 
utterance  on  the  matter  in  dispute  I  am  in 
full  accord,  and  shall  therefore  believe  that 
it  is  a  sin  against  English  to  employ  a 
split  infinitive.  What  grammar  hath  joined 
together,  let  no  man  separate. 

JOHN  T.  CURRY. 

With  a  scarcely  gracious  iteration  of  the 
second-hand  sneer  against  critics  of  a  man 
who,  whatever  his  other  merits,  rarely  wrote 
a  tolerable  line,  COL.  PRIDEAUX  says  that  the 
employment  of  the  split  infinitive  is  "  purely 
a  matter  of  taste."  So  be  it.  The  answer  is 
that  men  of  taste  do  not  use  it.  It  is  nothing 
to  the  point  to  say  that  a  competent  writer 
is  betrayed  into  its  employment.  In  order 
to  make  his  example  of  any  value,  a  writer 
must  be  shown  deliberately  to  have  selected 
such  a  form  in  preference  to  another.  I  defy 
any  one  to  point  to  such  a  writer.  The 
habitual  employer  of  the  split  infinitive  is 
a  delightful  flabby  creature,  such  as  Fanny 
Burney,  who  rarely  misses  a  phrase  such  as 
•  from  thence,"  or  the  modern  journalist, 
whom  I  will  leave  others  to  describe  or  cha- 
racterize. To  the  philologist  I  listen  with 
all  possible  respect.  There  are  subjects, 
lowever,  on  which  even  his  far-reaching 
ntellect  may  not  speak  the  last  word,  more 
(specially  since  in  his  joy  over  his  dis- 
:overies  his  sesthetical  sense  is  apt  to 
Become  blurred.  What  is  a  style  must 
)e  learnt  from  great  writers,  and  great 
vriters  do  not  misuse  the  split  infinitive. 
'.  shall  be  prepared  to  accept  the  split  infini- 
ive  when,  if  ever,  by  its  use  an  idea  gains 
n  precision,  emphasis,  or  euphony,  but  not 
until  then.  MARO. 

I  am  not  writing  to  continue  a  needless 

ontroversy,  but  to  answer  an  entirely  new 

uestion,   which   should    have    had    a    new 

leading,  such  as   "  the  use  of  to  with  the 

nfinitive." 

The  notion  that  to  in  to-day  arose  from 
Northern  pronunciation  of  the  definite 
rticle  the  is  answered  at  once  by  simply 
xamining  the  facts.  For,  of  course,  it  is  a 
ad  guess  ;  and  it  seems  a  very  great  pity, 
n  these  days,  that  guessing  should  still  be 
onsidered  pardonable  in  cases  where  full 


212 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [lo*  s.  m.  MARCH  is,  1905. 


information  is  more  than  a  thousand  years 
old. 

The  words  to-day,  to-morroio,  and  the  prov. 
E.  to-year  all  contain  the  preposition  to,  as 
can  be  seen  by  reference  to  any  English 
dictionary,  and  especially  to  the  wonderful 
article  on  the  A.-S.  prep,  to  in  Bosworth  and 
Toller's  'A.-S.  Dictionary,'  which  fills  three 
whole  pages  in  double  columns.  At  p.  992, 
col.  1,  there  are  many  examples  of  to  dcege, 
to-day,  including  such  phrases  as  to  dnum 
dcege,  for  one*  day  ;  to  sunnedcege,  for  the 
Sunday,  &c.  At  p.  991,  col.  2,  are  examples 
of  to  with  the  inflected  infinitive,  &c.  Really, 
I  need  not  say  more.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

"UNDERTAKER"  (10th  S.  iii.  188).  — O.  P. 
asks  when  this  word  began  to  be  used 
exclusively  in  its  modern  vulgar  limitation. 
The  reply  is,  never  !  In  one  of  our  latest 
Statutes,  the  Workman's  Compensation  Act, 
"undertaker"  means  contractor.  D. 

Moscow  CAMPAIGN  (10th  S.  iii.  167).— Alison 
('History  of  Europe')  deals  with  this  in  his 
fifteenth  and  sixteenth  volumes,  giving  in 
his  atlas  plans  of  the  battles  of  Smolensko 
and  Valtelina,  Borodino,  Malo  -  Jaroslawitz, 
Krasnoi,  and  the  passage  of  the  Beresina, 
with  an  interesting  map  to  illustrate  the 
campaign.  He  quotes  also  from  the  imperial 
muster  rolls  the  force  of  the  French  army 
which  entered  Russia  in  1812,  likewise  that 
on  the  Russian  side.  He  goes  fully  into 
detail  as  regards  battles,  and  though  called 
"the  great  Mr.  Wordy,"  his  work  is  also 
described  as  "supplying  a  felt  want,"  and  it 
has  gone  through  numerous  editions.  In  an 
appendix  is  to  be  found  Napoleon's  twenty- 
ninth  bulletin,  which  describes  the  horrors  of 
the  retreat.  Sir  Archibald  gives  as  authori- 
ties Jomini,  Chambray,  Clausewitz,  St.  Cyr, 
Dumas,  Larrey,  Boutourlin,  Napier,  and 
Comte  Segur,  whose  account  of  this  campaign 
"has  been  translated  into  almost  all  the  lan- 
guages of  Europe."  Mr.  Henty,  in  the  preface 
to  his  novel  "Through  Russian  Snows,'  which 
deals  with  this  campaign,  tells  us  that  this 
Count  Segur  "served  on  Napoleon's  staff 
during  this  fatal  expedition,"  and  he  men- 
tions also  the  narrative  of  Sir  Robert  Wilson, 
British  Commissioner  with  the  Russian  army. 
EDWIN  S.  CRANE. 

Thringstone  Vicarage,  Leicester. 

I  do  not  think  VALTYRE  could  do  better 
than  consult  Count  Segur's  '  History  of  the 
Expedition  to  Russia  in  1812.'  I  have  a  copy, 
in  two  volumes,  of  the  English  translation, 
published  (fourth  edition)  London,  1825,  with 
map  and  two  portraits.  Should  VALTYRE 


care  to  drop  me  a  line,  I  should  be  very 
pleased  to  forward  the  work. 

HERBERT  B.  CLAYTON. 
39,  Renfrew  Road,  Lower  Kennington  Lane. 

[Cot,.  F.  E.  R.  POLLARD-URQUHART  also  refers  to 
Alison.] 

SONG  WANTED  (10th  S.  iii.  169).— The  name 
of  the  song  asked  for  is  'The  Postillion,' 
words  by  F.  E.  Weatherly,  music  by  J.  L. 
Molloy.  It  is  published  by  Boosey  &  Co. 
My  copy  must  be  some  twenty  years  old. 
The  third  verse,  which  MR.  W.  H.  PARKS  tries 
to  remember,  runs  as  follows  : — 

Oh,  I've  a  wife  in  Bristol  town, 

A  wife  au'  children  three, 
An'  they  are  sleepin'  safe  an'  soun', 

But  she  keeps  watch  for  me  ; 
An'  who  would  quake  the  road  to  take, 

With  such  a  prize  in  store, 
Tho'  ravens  croak  on  Hangman's  Oak, 
An'  a  storm  be  at  our  fore  ? 

Ho-la!   Ho-la!  Ho-la ! 
Who's  for  the  coach  to-night? 
For  we  are  boun'  for  Bristol  town  before  the  morn- 
ing light. 

Ho-la!  Ho-la!  Ho-la! 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 
West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

[MR.  R.  FYNMORE,  MR.  HOLCOMBK  INGLEBY,  MR. 
W.  JODE,  D.  0.,  and  C.  R-  S.  thanked  for  replies.] 

SIR  JAMES  COTTER  (10th  S.  iii.  167).— The 
Rev.  Wm.  Henry,  F.R.S.,  in  his  'Upper 
Lough  Erne  in  1739,'  which  I  edited  and 
published  in  1892,  mentions  that 

"Lord  Clare's  regiment  of  dragoons  were  the 
flower  of  K.  James's  army.  These  were  com- 
manded by  Sir  James  Cotter,  whom  K.  James  had, 
from  a  trooper  in  the  Guards,  raised  to  a  Lieutenant- 
Colonel's  commission,  the  honour  of  knighthood, 
and  an  estate  in  the  co.  of  Cork,  for  his  assassi- 
nating Lord  Lisle,  as  he  came  out  of  a  church  in 
Switzerland." 

In  notes  I  referred  to  an  article  in  'N.  &  Q.' 
for  1  June,  1889,  questioning  Sir  James's 
participation  in  this  crime,  and  mentioning 
that  his  son  was  executed,  1720,  for  his  devo- 
tion to  the  Stuarts,  and  that  his  grandson 
was  created  a  baronet  in  1763. 

John  Lisle,  one  of  Cromwell's  peers,  was 
assassinated  at  Lausanne,  or  Vevay,  1667. 
Burke's  '  Landed  Gentry '  for  1859,  &c.,  s.v. 
'  Phillipps  of  Garendon  Park  and  Grace  Dieu 
Manor,'  gives  his  biography,  the  fact  of  his 
assassination,  and  the  barbarous  execution 
of  his  widow,  aged  eighty,  one  of  Jeffreys's 
victims,  in  1685  ;  the  '  D.N.B.'  mentions  his 
murder  "at  Lausanne  by  an  Irishman  known 
as  Thomas  Macdonnell,  really  named  Sir 
James  FitzEdmond  Cotter." 

CHARLES  S.  KING,  Bt. 

St.  Leonards-on-Sea. 


III.  MARCH  IS,  1905.]       NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


BUENS'S  LETTERS  TO  GEORGE  THOMSON 
(10th  S.  iii.  148).— Lord  Dalhousie  was  the 

Eurchaser — on  17  November,  1852  —  of  the 
stters  from  Burns  to  George  Thomson,  dated 
between  16  September,  1792,  from  Dumfries, 
and  12  July,  1796,  from  Brow.  They  are 
preserved  (with  the  exception  of  a  very 
important  one,  dated  7  April,  1793,  which 
is  in  the  British  Museum,  and  noted  as 
having  been  purchased  at  Pickering's  sale, 
13  December,  1854)  at  Brechin  Castle. 

The  letters  from  Thomson  to  Burns  form 
no  part  of  the  Dalhousie  collection,  but  were 
communicated  to  Dr.  Currie  after  the  poet's 
death  by  his  family. 

For  a  reprint  of  the  entire  correspondence, 
and  many  other  details,  see  vol.  vi.  of  the 
Paterson  edition  of  the  '  Works,'  Edinburgh, 
1877-9.  ALDOBRAND  OLDENBUCK. 

Fairport. 

"  THE  NAKED  BOY  AND  COFFIN  "  (10th  S.  iii. 
67,  156).— It  seems  worth  while  to  note  that 
the  idea  of  connecting  the  "naked  man" 
with  that  of  the  garments  which  he  pro- 
poses to  wear  is  at  least  as  old  as  1542, 
when  Andrew  Boorde  dedicated  '  The  Fyrst 
Boke  of  the  Introduction  of  Knowledge '  to 
the  Princess  Mary. 

This  famous  work  begins  with  a  woodcut 
of  a  naked  man,  with  a  hat  on  his  head,  and 
some  cloths  loosely  borne  on  his  right  arm. 
In  his  left  hand   he  holds   a   huge   pair  of 
shears,  ready  for  cutting  the  cloth  ;  and  the 
first  two  lines  run  thus  : — 
I  am  an  English  man,  and  naked  I  stand  here, 
Musyng  in  my  mynde  what  rayment  I  shall  were,  &c. 

I  think    this    woodcut    explains    the   whole 
matter.  WALTEE  W.  SKEAT. 

This  clothier's  sign  brings  to  my  mind  the 
advertisement  of  a  well-known  clothier  of 
Boston,  America,  as  my  wife  remembers  it. 
In  my  opinion  it  is  one  of  the  best  of  its 
class,  and  may  be  worthy  of  production  in 
'N.&Q.':- 

He  sure  is  not  the  happiest  man 

Who  for  himself  alone  does  plan, 

But  he  who  for  the  people  toils 

Is  sure  to  win  the  richest  spoils, 

And  can  lie  down  and  sweetly  rest, 

Thinking  how  many  he  has  blest. 

'Tis  thus  George  Fenno  life  enjoys 

Because  he  clothes  so  many  boys 

With  hats,  coats,  shoes,  and  pants  complete, 

Corner  of  Beach  and  Washington  Street. 

H.  A.  ST.  J.  M. 

JOSEPH  WILFRED  PARKINS  (10th  S.  iii.  108, 
157). — The  obituary  notice  in  The  Gentleman  s 
Magazine,  1840,  vol.  ii.  p.  549,  states  that 
ex-Sheriff  Parkins  made  two  unsuccessful 
attempts  to  represent  the  city  of  Carlisle. 


Sis  first  contest  was  in  1818,  and,  speaking: 
'rorn  memory,  I  think  the  second  was  in 
1825.  There  is  evidence  to  corroborate  the- 
;estimony  of  Sylvanus  Urban  with  regard 
to  his  charity,  for  I  have  seen  reports  in 
jontemporary  newspapers  that  he  distributed! 
joup  to  the  poor.  On  the  other  hand,  while- 
Sheriff  of  London  he  provided  bread  and 
water  for  the  judges.  At  one  period  of  his 
,ife  he  does  not  appear  to  have  been  anxious- 
to  dissipate  the  rumour  that  he  was  the 
illegitimate  son  of  the  Duke  of  Norfolk,  and 
lie  was  always  fond  of  boasting  of  his- 
familiarity  with  that  nobleman.  Tradition- 
says  that  he  had  a  very  amorous  tempera- 
ment. Certainly,  a  young  woman  named 
Hannah  White  caused  him  a  good  deal  of 
trouble,  while  scandal  declared  him  more 
than  a  friend  to  the  famous  "Princess  Olive." 
He  was  also  a  correspondent  of  the  notorious- 
"Mother  Bang,"  the  "Corinthian  Kate"  of 
Pierce  Egan's  'Life  in  London.'  Parkin* 
behaved  in  a  very  truculent  manner  to  poor 
Fauntleroy,  the  banker  (hanged  for  forgery 
on  30  November,  1824),  but  he  had  some 
reason  for  resentment,  as,  owing  to  the 
bankruptcy  of  the  Berners  Street  firm,  a, 
private  document  came  into  the  hands  of 
Harmer,  the  solicitor,  who  used  it  to  defeat 
the  ex-Sheriff  in  an  action  at  law  (The  King: 
v.Hicks,13September,  1824V  Moreover,in  con- 
sequence of  his  evidence  at  this  trial,  Parkins 
was  indicted  for  perjury.  On  5  April,  1825, 
he  lost  also  another  case,  Byrne  v.  Parkins. 
It  was  during  April,  1823,  that  he  assaulted 
Mr.  Thwaites,  of  The  Morning  Herald;  and 
he  had  pugilistic  encounters  with  a  Major 
Mounsey  and  Horatio  Hprton.  In  The 
Mowing  Post  (1824-5,  jmssim)  will  be  found 
numbers  of  his  letters,  and  wonderful  docu- 
ments they  are.  For  other  information  re 
Parkins,  v.  Gentleman's  Magazine,  (1819)  vol.  i. 
p.  648,  vol.  ii.  pp.  365,  454;  (1820)  vol.  i. 
pp.  558-9,  vol.  ii.  p.  368  ;  (1822)  vol.  ii.  p.  37  ; 
(1823)  vol.  ii.  p.  174  ;  (1829)  vol.  i.  p.  361  ; 
and  Pierce  Egan's  'Account  of  Fauntleroy/ 
In  Harmer's  paper,  The  Weekly  Dispatch, 
3  October  and  14  November,  1824,  the 
"Renowned  XXX.  Sheriff"  is  handled  very 
roughly.  HORACE  BLEACKLEY. 

See  further  E.  S.  Ferguson's  '  Cumberland 
and  Westmorland  M.P.s  '  (1871),  pp.  233-4. 

Q.  V. 

ENGLISHMEN  HOLDING  POSITIONS  UNDER. 
FOREIGN  GOVERNMENTS  (10th  S.  iii.  87,  129).— 
To  the  very  interesting  list  of  natives  of 
these  islands  who  have  distinguished  them- 
selves in  service  under  foreign  governments- 
should  be  added  the  name  of  George  Dawson. 


214 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [io*  s.  in.  MARCH  is,  iocs. 


Flinter,  an  Irishman  of  good  birth,  who 
•entered  the  British  army  in  1811  as  an  ensign 
in  the  74th  West  India  Regiment  of  Foot. 
After  serving  for  some  years  and  attaining 
the  rank  of  lieutenant,  he  was  placed  on 
half-pay  and  took  up  his  abode  at  Caracas, 
where  he  was  during  the  civil  war  of  1815, 
an  account  of  which  he  afterwards  published. 
He  travelled  extensively  in  the  European 
colonies  of  the  West  Indies,  and  married  the 
daughter  of  Don  Francisco  Ararnburco,  one 
of  the  wealthiest  landed  proprietors  and 
shipowners  in  Caracas.  He  obtained  a  com- 
mission in  the  Spanish  army,  and,  though  on 
the  British  half-pay  list  till  1832,  had  for 
some  years  previously  held  the  position  of  a 
staff  officer  in  the  Spanish  service.  On  the 
outbreak  of  the  Carlist  war  he  declared  for 
Isabella,  and  served  under  Mina  and  Valdez 
in  the  Basque  Provinces.  In  1836  he  was 
taken  prisoner,  and  immured  in  a  filthy 
•dungeon,  from  which  he  escaped,  and  reach- 
ing Madrid  was  placed  in  command  of  Toledo. 
From  there  he  made  a  sortie,  severely  defeat- 
ing the  Carlists,  and  placing  nearly  eighteen 
hundred  of  them  hors  de  combat,  without  the 
loss  of  a  single  man  killed  or  wounded.  For 
this  the  Cortes  tendered  him  a  vote  of  thanks, 
and  he  was  hailed  as  liberator  of  the  province. 
Later,  after  a  success  which  he  was  unable  to 
follow  up  through  lack  of  reinforcements,  he 
was  removed  from  his  command  and  severely 
censured  by  the  Spanish  Government ;  ancl 
in  1838  he  died  (really  from  the  effects  of 
disgust  and  chagrin)  in  Madrid.  He  was  a 
Knight  of  the  Royal  Order  of  Isabella  the 
Catholic. 

Another  Irishman  who  served  under  a 
foreign  flag  was  Martin  Waters  Kirwan, 
lieutenant  in  the  Glamorganshire  Militia, 
and  afterwards  captain  in  the  Foreign  Legion 
during  the  Franco-Prussian  war. 

F.  P.  LEYBURNE  YARKER. 
•36,  Station  Road,  Cambridge. 

The  list  of  Englishmen  who  have  occupied 
positions  of  importance  under  foreign  govern- 
ments must  be  a  long  one.  Li  Egypt  and  its 
possessions  on  the  Upper  Nine  alone  I  have 
noted  a  considerable  number  without  taking 
into  account  the  period  sin  ;e  the  reconquest 
of  the  Sudan  from  the  Kha.ifa,  for  which  the 
British  Government  assvnied  joint  respon- 
sibility. Sir  Samuel  Thite  Baker  undertook 
his  second  expeditio  .  to  the  Upper  Nile 
(1869-73)  on  behalf  or  the  Khedive,  and,  on 
his  return,  Col.  (after'tvards  General)  C.  G. 
Gordon  Pasha,  who  had  previously  com- 
manded "  the  Ever  -  Victorious  Army  " 
in  China,  was  appointed  Governor  of  the 
Egyptian  Equatorial  Provinces  (1874-6),  and 


afterwards  Governor-General  of  the  (Egyp- 
tian) Sudan  (1877-80).  In  his  service  were 
several  Englishmen— Cols.  Purdy,  Colston, 
and  Mason,  Lieut.  W.  H.  Chippendall,  R.E., 
Lieut.  Watson,  and  Major  Campbell  (1874); 
Capt.  McKillop  Pasha  (1875) ;  F.  Sidney 
Ensor,  C.E.  (1875-7) ;  Morice  Bey  and  Capt. 
George  Malcolm,  R.N.  (1877);  Col.  Prout 
(1878);  and  the  unfortunate  F.  Lupton  Bey 
(1879-83),  who  was  Governor  of  the  Bahr  el 
Ghazal  province  at  the  time  of  the  Mahdist 
outbreak.  Then  there  was  Col.  Hicks  Pasha, 
whose  force  was  annihilated  during  the  same 
rising  (1883) ;  and  ex-Col.  Valentine  Baker, 
who  atoned  for  a  smirched  reputation  in 
England  by  his  bravery  in  withstanding  the 
same  revolt.  Capt.  R.  F.  Burton  twice  visited 
Midian  in  search  of  gold  mines  for  the 
Khedive  (1877-8).  To  turn  to  the  other  side 
of  Africa,  Sir  Henry  M.  Stanley  and  others 
served  the  King  of  the  Belgians  in  the  Congo 
Free  State,  and  it  might  perhaps  have  been 
better  for  the  ill-used  natives  had  the  King 
of  the  Belgians  employed  more  Englishmen. 
Some  of  those  mentioned  above  have  pub- 
lished accounts  of  their  travels  and  missions. 
FREDK.  A.  EDWARDS,  F.R.G.S. 

The  name  of  Count  Butler  should  be  added 
to  those  already  mentioned.  Butler,  Deve- 
reux,  Gordon,  and  Leslie,  all  in  foreign 
service,  were  concerned  in  the  death  of 
Wallenstein  at  Eger  in  1634.  Col.  James 
Butler  fought  against  Gustavus  Adolphus  in 
Poland.  R.  B. 

Upton. 

I  may  add  the  name  of  Frank  Herbert 
Clemence,  born  in  Chester  16  December,  1867, 
who  is  (or  has  been)  Master  of  the  Horse  to 
the  Ameer  of  Afghanistan. 

T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 

Lancaster. 

See  also  '  Scottish  Soldiers  of  Fortune,'  by 
James  Grant.  W.  S. 

HORSESHOES  FOR  LUCK  (10tb  S.  iii.  9,  90).— 
The  question  is,  apparently,  what  is  comme 
il  faut  as  to  the  giving  of  expression  to  this 
belief — a  belief  which,  for  the  greater  part, 
seems  to  be  merely  a  pleasantry  of  the  play- 
fully credulous.  MR.  ELWORTHY  has  hit  the 
(horseshoe-)  nail  on  the  head  in  advancing 
for  the  reason  that  the  toe  of  the  shoe 
generally  appears  uppermost,  that  it  is 
"probably  because  it  is  so  much  easier 
affixed  or  hung  up."  But  other  corre- 
spondents, like  ST.  SWITHIN,  are  almost 
unanimous  in  declaring  that  it  is  the  horns 
of  the  heel  that  should  be  placed  uppermost. 
And  there  is  good  ground  for  believing  this 


s.  in.  MARCH  is,  iocs.]    NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


215 


to  be  the  correct  position.    It  is  a  lazily  per- 
formed task,  at  its  best,  to  attempt  to  ward 
off  evil  in  any  other  way  than  by  one's  own 
•efforts,  and  those  who  are  lazy  and  credulous 
enough  to  expect  the  horseshoe  to  do  it  for 
them  would  certainly  not  be  at   the  extra 
trouble  involved  in  placing  the  shoe  with  the 
horns  upwards  like  the  crescent  moon.     The 
moon  is  thus  represented  on  a  Babylonian 
boundary    stone    830   B.C.,    and    also    on    a 
Carthaginian  tablet  in  the  British  Museum, 
doubtless  as  a  symbol  of  the  earth-goddess  with 
which  the  moon  became  identified.  The  horn 
is  a  well  known  Oriental  symbol  of  power. 
In  Scripture  a  tusk  is  called  a  horn,  and  we 
find   that   the    mules    and   cattle  in    Spain 
and  Italy  are  adorned  with  a  small  crescent ; 
formed  by  two  boar's  tusks,  or  else  a  forked 
piece  of  wood.    Observe  the  brass  pendants 
•which  hang  from  the  breast  of  the  carthorse 
and  adorn  his  harness,  and  it  will  be  found 
that  the  forks  of  the  crescent  always  point 
•upwards.     When     the    Italian     makes     the ! 
gesture  of  projecting  the  little  finger  and 
thumb   with    the    remaining    three    fingers 
•closed,  it  is   upwards  that   he   turns   them. 
And  when  he  hangs  the  half-moon  from  the 
•harness  of  his  cattle,  does  not  the  Italian  and 
Sicilian  peasant  maintain   the  custom  of  his 
pagan  forefathers  in  their  efforts  to  secure  j 
the  protection  of  the  goddess  Diana  ?    Doubt- 1 
•less,   too,   it  is  a  still  earlier  relic  of  lunar  ! 
worship  that  survives  among  the  gipsies  who  I 
•use  a  crescent  to  adorn  their  sorry  van-laden  j 
•cattle ;  while  a  cabalistic  token,  which  they  I 
•believe  brings  good   luck  to  the  bearer  of  I 
it,   represents  roughly  a  serpent,   the    evil ' 
principle  in  gipsy  mythology,  which  encloses 
the  moon  and  stars,  symbolical  of  the  world 
lying  in  evil.     It  is  a  very  remarkable  fact, 
in    connecting    this    horseshoe    superstition 
with    lunar  worship,  that   Beckman   ('Hist, 
of  Inventions,'  1846,  vol.  i.  p.  453)  traces  to 
2eAr'i'7;,  the  moon,  the  Greek  word  for  horse- 
shoes,  creA^vcua,  and  he  says,  "  I  think  we 
may  venture  to  conclude,  without  any  fear 
of  erring,  that   this   word  was  employed  to 
signify  horseshoes  of  the  same  kind  as  ours, 
and  that  they  were  known,  if  not  earlier,  at 
least  in  the  ninth  century." 

J.   HOLDEN  MAcMlCHAEL. 

The  iast  word  has  not  been  said  on  this 
question  until  a  reason  has  been  given.  Our 
primitive  ancestors  were  not  so  foolish  as 
their  superstitious  descendants.  We  are 
.content  with  the  phrase  "So  as  to  keep  the 
luck  from  dropping  out"  ;  but  if  the  horse- 
shoe amulet  is  a  survival  of  early  religion 
(or  Shamanism  or  superstition,  call  it  what 
you  will),  this  idea  is  too  puerile  to  have 


been  the  original  concomitant  reason  for 
setting  the  amulet  one  way  up  and  not 
another.  The  points  should  be  upwards, 
because  this  is  the  position  in  nature  of  the 
horns  of  the  bull. 

Death  being  obviously  a  manifestation  of 
the  power  and  presence  of  evil,  life,  espe- 
cially in  its  generative  aspect,  appears  to 
the  savage  as  a  manifestation  of  the  good 
principle.  This  is  naturally  symbolized  by 
something  connected  with  agriculture  among 
ploughmen,  or  by  a  very  prolific  animal 
among  shepherds  and  hunters.  Hence  come 
two  classes  of  amulets :  horns  and  boars' 
tusks. 

Now,  having  naturally  selected  the  bull's 
horns  as  a  sign  of  procreative  life,  look  up 
into  the  sky  and  you  will  see  the  talisman  in 
the  heavens  ;  hence  the  moon-goddess  comes 
to  be  regarded  as  the  universal  mother. 

The  horseshoe,  then,  is  not  a  conven- 
tionalized crescent,  pace  MR.  ELWORTHY, 
but  both  crescent  and  horseshoe  are  con- 
ventionalized horns.  Compare  C.  G.  Leland's 
'  Gypsy  Sorcery '  pzssi'wt. 

FRED.  G.  ACKERLEY. 

Libau,  Russia. 

In  his  remarks  on  this  subject  MR.  SNOWDEN 
WARD  states  that  "Roman  Catholic  Chris- 
tians  assign  the  blue  robe  and  the  crescent 

moon  of  [the  Egyptian  goddess]  Isis  to  the 
Virgin  Mary."  The  italics  are  mine.  It  is 
hardly  necessary  to  say  that  the"  assigning" 
of  the  crescent  moon  to  the  Virgin  Mary,  in 
Catholic  art,  has  nothing  whatever  to  do 
with  heathen  mythology.  The  true  explana- 
tion of  the  assignment  is  to  be  found  in 
the  first  verse  of  the  twelfth  chapter  of  the 
Apocalypse  of  St.  John,  in  which  occur  the 
following  words:  "A  woman  clothed  with 
the  sun,  and  the  moon  under  her  feet,  and 
on  her  head  a  crown  of  twelve  stars."  As 
regards  the  "  blue  robe,"  there  has  always 
existed  a  tradition  in  the  Catholic  Church 
that  blue  was  the  dominant  colour  worn  by 
the  maidens  of  Nazareth,  and  consequently 
by  the  Blessed  Virgin  herself.  Thus  from  the 
earliest  times  the  painters  of  the  various 
Madonnas  have  depicted  the  "  Mater  Pia" 
in  blue  apparel,  or,  as  was  sometimes  the 
case,  in  garments  of  white  and  blue.  This 
last  admixture  would  accord  well  with  the 
following  precept  of  the  Mosaic  law:  "  Speak 
to  the  children  of  Israel,  and  tell  them  to 
make  to  themselves  fringes  on  the  borders 
of  their  garments,  putting  in  them  ribbons  of 
blue"  (Numbers  xv.  38).  Et  may  not  be  amiss 
to  quote,  in  this  connexion,  a  few  lines  from 
some  interesting  'Notes  from  Palestine,' 
written  in  1890  by  the  Very  Bev,  Canou  §, 


216 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,   [lo*-  s.  in.  MAECH  is,  1905. 


Coxon,  and  printed  for  private  circulation. 
Referring  to  the  Well  of  the  Virgin,  or  "  Our 
Lady's  Well,"  at  Nazareth,  the  Canon  writes  : 

"  There  never  has  been  more  than  this  one  well 
for  supplying  the  whole  town.  Consequently,  day 
by  day,  for  thirty  years  at  least,  might  our  Lady  be 

seen  going  to  this  well Here  are  all  the  materials 

for  a  living  picture  of  the  past.  The  shape  of  the 
pitchers,  the  cut  and  colour  of  the  garments,  remain 
to  this  day.  Women  and  maidens,  upright  and 
stately  in  carriage,  the  Christians  distinguished  by 
their  modest  demeanour,  all  wearing  the  traditional 
blue  and  ichi/e,  and  passing  back  wards  and  forwards ; 
the  very  well,  the  same  road,  the  surrounding  hills 
and  olive  groves,  the  grassy  slopes  and  sheltered 
orchards— all,  such  as  it  was  nineteen  centuries 
ago."— P.  28  (italics  mine). 

All  authorities  on  Palestine  and  on  things 
Biblical  agree  in  this — that  there  exists  even 
to  this  day  a  most  remarkable  conservatism 
in  the  habits,  customs,  and  manners  of  the 
people  of  the  Holy  Land ;  thus,  for  example, 
we  still  find  there  the  traditional  Bedouin 
roaming  about  the  country,  the  square  flat- 
roofed  houses  and  the  same  old  style  narrow 
streets,  the  ploughshare  with  its  wooden  head 
and  its  pair  of  yoked  oxen,  the  fair-haired 
Arab  and  the  "hook-nosed  Jew ;  and  the  way 
in  which  the  people  conduct  their  affairs  in 
general  is  much  now  as  it  must  have  been 
in  the  time  of  our  Lord.  But  in  any  case 
the  earliest  examples  we  can  find  of  Madonnas 
in  art  are  Byzantine — an  art  which  derived 
its  inspiration  from  the  Greek,  and  had  no 
connexion  whatever  with  anything  Egyptian. 
In  Byzantine  art  the  Blessed  Virgin  was, 
I  think,  invariably  represented  in  a  blue 
mantle.  B.  W. 

Fort  Augustus. 

Iron  was  a  substance  greatly  dreaded  by 
the  Jinn,  and  it  was  also  an  effective  check 
to  the  power  of  the  Northern  fairies.  In 
India  and  'elsewhere  it  is  thought  to  act  as 
*'a  prevention  of  maleficent  influences."  A 
horseshoe  is  a  hindrance  to  witches,  and  it 
may  be  so  because  it  is  made  of  iron. 

E.  YARDLEY. 

There  is  not  much  to  be  added  to  the  reply 
of  HANDFORD  at  7th  S.  iii.  277.  Marius  Fon- 
tane,  in  '  IndeJVedique'  (1881),  viii.  78,  may 
supply  a  hint.  Q..  V. 

I  have  seen  many  horseshoes  nailed  on 
barn  doors,  cattle  sheds,  and  on  the  wooden 
lintels  of  doors,  and  in  nearly  every  instance 
they  have  been  with  the  "  toes  "  at  top,  the 
heels  downward.  The  "witch"  could  only 
enter  at  one  or  other  of  the  heels,  and  after 
passing  through  and  round  the  bow  must 
come  out  again  at  bottom,  thus  rendering 
her  intentions  of  mischief  abortive.  On  the 


other  hand,  if  the  heels  were  upward  she 
would  come  out  at  top,  and  be  in  a  position 
;o  work  out  her  mischief.  This  is  the  em- 
bodiment of  an  old  lady  of  Derbyshire  who 
'  passed  "  long  ago,  and  she  was  in  her  life- 
time great  in  the  mysteries  of  witchcraft. 
Horsemen  will  tell  you,  if  asked,  the  right 
way  to  nail  the  shoe  is  the  way  the  horse 
goes.  I  have  seen  in  several  instances  doors 
on  which  three  shoes  were  nailed  triangle- 
wise,  and  in  every  instance  with  the  heels 
downwards.  And,  by  the  way,  if  you  find  a 
cast  horseshoe  on  the  ground  with  the  toe 
pointing  the  way  you  are  going  it  is  lucky, 
uid  you  ought,  to  keep  the  luck,  to  pick  up 
the  horseshoe,  and  carry  it  away — never  on 
any  account  leave  it.  THOS.  BATCLIFFE. 
Worksop. 

"  TONGUE-TWISTERS  "  (9th  S.  xi.  269,  455, 
493 ;  xii.  55,  233).— MR.  JAMES  PLATT,  JUN., 
'attribuant  a  Lope  de  Vega,  je  ne  sais  pas 
pourquoi,  signale  les  deux  premiers  vers 
d'un  dizain  d'Arriaza,  ecrit  sans  autre  but 
que  celui  de  tourmenter  le  gosier  de  M. 
i'Arnbassadeur  francais  en  Espagne  apres  la 
guerre  de  1'Independance,  et  demande  d'autres 
sujets  analogues  presentant  des  difficultes- 
dans  la  prononciation. 

Voici  un  sonnet  du  memo  genre  de  Villa- 
brille : — 

Son  tus  ojos  dos  ojos  que  en  despojos 
Convierten  a  mis  ojos  con  sus  tajos. 
Tus  ojos  son  la  causa  de  que  bajos 
Velen  mis  ojos  picaros  anteojos 

Mas  brillan  esos  ojos  que  los  rojos 
Ojos  del  sol,  que  dicen  que  son  majos  ; 
Tus  ojos  son  mas  negros  que  dos  grajos 
i  Soberbios  ojos  son  !  i  Vaya  unos  ojos  ! 

Al  ver  tus  ojos  niiia,  desde  lejos, 
Mis  ojps  en  tus  ojos  clave  fijos, 
Cual  si  tus  ojos  fueran  ojos  brujos. 

Tus  ojos  ;i  mis  ojos  son  festejos  ; 
Ojos  tus  ojos  son  del  cielo  hijos 
Que  solo  hizo  Murillo  en  sus  dibujos. 

Mais  je  crois  que  la  prononciation  du  f 
espagnol  n'est  pas  un  obstacle  insurmontable 
pour  les  anglais,  comme  tel  est  le  cas  pour 
les  francais ;  du  moins  les  personnes  que  je 
connais  le  prononcent  sans  aucun  effort,  sans 
doute  a  cause  de  sa  ressemblance  avec  le  h 
anglais  fortement  aspire  comme  dans  les  mots 
home,  house,  et  d'autres. 

A  mon  avis  le  son  de  IV  double  presente- 
pour  eux  une  plus  grande  difficulte,  parceque- 
d'ordinaire  ils  la  prononcent  en  appuyant 
legerement  le  bout  de  la  langue  dans  le  haut 
du  palais,  et  comme preuve  a  J'appui  qui  peut 
servir  pour  le  verifier,  voici  un  exemple  que 
j'extrais  du  livre  de  M.  Rodriguez  Marin, 
'Cantos  Populares  Espafioles,'  que  j'ai  vu 
cite  dans  'N.  &,  Q.,'  je  ne  me  souvieus  pas. 


10<"  S.  III.  MARCH  18,  1905.]      NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


217 


bien  en  ce  moment  a  propos  de  quoi,  et  dont 
je  ne  cite  que  les  premiers  vers  afin  de  ne  pas 
donner  des  proportions  trop  considerables  a 
cette  note  :  — 

Guerra  tenia  una  perra 

Y  Parra  tenia  una  porra 

Y  la  perra  de  Parra 

Se  c en  la  parra  de  Guerra, 

Y  Guerra  le  pegu  con  la  porra  a  la  parra  de 
Parra,  £c. 

La  richesse  de  la  langue  espagnole  se 
pit'-tant  facilement  a  ces  sortes  de  jeux  de 
mots  ou  d 'esprit,  si  je  puis  m'exprimer  ainsi, 
je  pourrais  en  citer  beaucoup  d'autres,  rnais 
je  crains  m'ecarter  trop  du  sujet  de  la  ques- 
tion, et  je  prefere  les  tenir  particulierement  a 
la  disposition  de  MR.  PLATT,  ayant  compte  de 
la  trop  grande  liberte  de  langage  avec  laquelle 
ils  sont  ecrits. 

Pour  terminer,  voici  encore  des  vers  f  ran 9118 
assez  connus,  dont  la  prononciation  indique 
les  six  jours  de  la  semaine  :  — 

L'un  dit  et  1'autre  m'a  redit 
Manges-tu  maigre,  dis? 

Je  dis, 

Je  mange  ce  que  le  ventre  dit, 
Et  91  me  dit :  Mange. 

A  signaler  encore  une  petite  variante  sans 
importance  dans  la  phrase  indiquee  dans  la 
note  au  pied  de  la  question  qui  motive  cette 
longue  reponse, 

Ton  the"  t'-a-t'il  tari  ta  toux  ? 
Le   verbe   tarir  (faire  cesser),   applique  ici, 
donne  la  lettre  t  comme  initiate  de  tous  les 
mots.  FLOREXCIO  DE  UHAGOX. 

Princesa  8,  Madrid. 

"  CALL  A  SPADE  A  SPADE"  (10th  S.  iii.  169).— 
When  a  querist  admits  that  he  does  not 
know  the  origin  of  a  phrase,  it  would  be 
playing  the  game  to  refrain  from  guessing 
at  it.  Of  course  there  is  not  the  faintest 
reason  for  supposing  that  there  is  any  allu- 
sion to  a  game  of  cards.  Reference  to  King's 
'Classical  and  Foreign  Quotations,'  advertised 
on  the  back  of  the  final  leaf  in  the  very  same 
number  of  'N.  &  Q.,'  will  show  that  the 
saying  occurs  in  Plutarch,  who  gave  it  in 
Greek.  I  cannot  believe  that  playing-cards 
were  common  in  Plutarch's  time  in  Greece. 
WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

Thackeray  also  rang  the  changes  on  this 
phrase :  "Chesham  does  not  like  to  call  a  spade 
a  spade.  He  calls  it  a  horticultural  utensil* 
('Adventures  of  Philip,' xxiii.).  Even  if  the 
latter  part  of  the  Greek  phrase  as  used  by 
Plutarch  and  Aristophanes,  namely,  Ta  O-VKO. 
<rvKa  ri]v  CTKCI^V  8f  (TKa^t-jv  ovo/xa^oH',  referred, 
as  a  correspondent  in  the  Sixth  Series 
suggests,  to  the  "jakes,"  it  is  quite  possibls 
that  the  Greek  phrase  suggested  the  refine- 
ment in  use  later  in  which  the  spade  is 


substituted  for  the  former.  See  1st  S.  iv.  456; 
6th  S.  iii.  16;  and  7th  S.  i.  366  Tiie  phrase 
occurs  as  early  at  least  as  the  first  part 
of  the  seventeenth  century,  and  probably 
earlier.  The  imputation  that  the  proverb 
alludes  to  the  spade  of  the  playing-card  is 
not  strengthened  by  the  reflection  that  there 
would  be  little  or  no  point  in  the  allusion. 

J.    HOLDEX    MAC'MlCHAEL. 

"DIXKUMS"  (10th  S.  iii.  168).— I  remember 
that  a  young  farmer  at  Saltfleetby,  in 
N.E.  Lincolnshire,  used  to  talk  about  "  fair 
diukunv'  in  1848-9,  but  I  know  nothing  of 
the  origin  of  the  word,  or  of  its  meaning 
beyond  what  appears  in  'E.D.LX,'  "Work, 
due  share  of  work."  J.  T.  F. 

[PROF.  L.  R.  M.  STRACHAX,  of  Heidelberg,  also 
refers  to  the  'E.D.D.'] 

"QUANDARY"  (10th  S.  iii.  4).— Old  people 
here  used  to  say  quandary,  and  I  dare  say 
it  is  still  so  used.  R.  B— B. 

South  Shields. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &o. 

Bygones   Worth   Remembering.      By  George  Jacob 

Holyoake.  2  vols.  (Fisher  Unwin.) 
IN  these  '  Bygones '  we  have  personal  reminis- 
cences of  many  to  whom  are  .largely  due  the 
freedom  of  the  press,  freedom  in  the  expres- 
sion of  religious  opinions,  as  well  as  the  im- 
provement in  the  condition  of  the  working 
classes.  Born  on  13  April,  1817,  Mr.  Holyoake 
soon  started  on  the  war  path,  and  in  1842 
suffered  six  months'  imprisonment  in  Gloucester 
gaol  for  atheism.  Four  years  after  this  he  founded 
The  Iteasoner,  its  first  number  being  published 
on  3  June,  1846.  The  office  was  situated  in  the 
parish  of  St.  Bride's,  where  he  soon  got  into  trouble 
for  refusing  to  pay  church  rates.  "  After  two  or 
three  seizures  of  property  I  sent  to  the  vicar  pay- 
ment '  in  kind.' The  chief  produce  of  my  firm  in 

Fleet  Street  consisted  in  volumes  of  The  Reatoner. 
I  sent  the  vicar  three  volumes,  which  exceeded  in 
value  his  demand.  He  troubled  me  no  more."  The 
Reasoncr  from  the  first  advocated  the  principle  of 
co-operation,  and  Mr.  Holyoake  has  been  among  its 
most  active  supporters,  being  one  of  the  Rochdale 
pioneers,  of  whom  he  wrote  an  interesting  account, 
published  by  Messrs.  Sonnenschein  in  1893.  In  the 
agitation  for  the  repeal  of  the  compulsory  stamp 
on  newspapers  he  took  an  important  part,  the 
fines  he  incurred  by  publishing  unstamped  papers 
amounting  to  600,000^.  The  papers  were  The  War 
Chronicle  and  The  War  Fly,  containing  news  from 
the  Crimea.  The  sale  of  these  was  30,000  copies,  the 
penalty  being  20/.  upon  each.  This  was  early  in  1855. 
A  hearing  was  never  entered  upon,  as  the  duty  was 
shortly  afterwards  repealed.  Mr.  Holyoake  has 
related  incidents  concerning  the  "Holy  War"  of 
the  unstamped  press  in  his  'Sixty  Years  of  an 
Agitator's  Life.'  Among  others  who  were  threatened 
with  prosecution  he  mentions  Mr.  Edward  Lloyd, 
the  founder  of  the  News  which  still  bears  his  name. 


218 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [io«-  s.  m.  MARCH  is,  1905. 


He  published  a  penny  picture  paper,  in  which  he 
gave  an  account  of  the  escape  of  a  lion.  He  was  at  ! 
once  told  to  "  stop  or  stamp."  He  stamped,  raised 
his  paper  to  twopence,  and  lost  its  circulation. 
Among  reminiscences  of  Chartist  days  Mr.  Holy- 
oake alludes  to  George  Julian  Harney.  This  aged 
Chartist  frequently  sent  us  contributions  from 
his  home  in  Boston,  U.S.  Mr.  Cecil  Clarke,  in 
*  N.  &  Q.,'  18  December,  1897,  described  him  as 
"  a  ripe  critic  and  scholar,  an  able  journalist,  and 
a  doughty  champion  of  a  remarkable  genius."  He 
was  a  noted  authority  upon  and  student  of  Lord 
Byron.  He  was  until  the  last  a  diligent  reader  of 
The  Athenaeum  and  '  N.  &  Q..'  and  when,  under 
'Cable  Flashes,'  he  saw  the  announcement  of  the 
death  of  John  Francis  in  The  Boston  Herald, 
12  April,  1882.  he  the  same  day  wrote  us  a  letter 
expressing  sympathy  and  regret  "at  the  disappear- 
ance of  a  name  so  long  familiar  to  the  readers  of 

the  leading  literary  journal I  had  come  to  look 

upon  him  as  an  old  friend,  in  part,  no  doubt,  because 
I  associated  him  with  the  time,  if  not  directly 
with  the  men  of  1830-5— Carpenter,  Hetherington, 
Cleave,  Cousins,  and  others  —  engaged  in  the 
'unstamped'  struggle,  in  which  as  a  boy,  or  lad,  I 
also  took  some  humble  part,  with  a  share  of  the 
'prison  bonds'  then  in  fashion."  Mr.  Holyoake, 
although  not  a  frequent  contributor  to 'N.  &  Q.,' 
sends  us  occasional  notes  on  subjects  in  which  he 
takes  special  interest.  Looking  at  the  last  General 
Index,  we  find  he  has  written  on  Philip  James 
Bailey,  Disappearing  Chartists,  Bernard  Quaritch, 
the  origin  of  the  word  "Jingo,"&c.  And  we 
close  our  notice  of  '  Bygones' with  the  hope  that 
the  veteran  agitator  may  yet  make  addition  to  the 
interesting  books  which  already  bear  his  name. 
The  volumes  contain  two  excellent  portraits  of 
Mr.  Holyoake,  one  of  them  taken  in  his  eighty- 
eighth  year. 

Calendar  of  Letter- Books  preserved  at  the  Guildhall. 
—Letter- Book  F,  circa  A.D.  1337-1352.  Edited  by 
Reginald  R.  Sharpe,  D.C.L.  (Printed  by  Order 
of  the  Corporation.) 

THE  sixth  volume  of  the  Letter-Books,  printed  by 
order  of  the  Library  Committee  of  the  Corporation 
of  London,  is  edited  with  no  less  care  than  the 
preceding  volumes  by  Dr.  Sharpe,  the  Records 
Clerk.  Before  the  generic  name  now  bestowed 
upon  the  series  had  been  employed  this  had 
been  known  as  the  Red  Book.  It  deals  with 
matters  connected  with  the  claim  of  Edward  III. 
to  the  French  crown,  and  leads  up  to  the  battle  of 
Crecy,  to  whicli  indirect  reference  is  made,  and 
to  the  conquest  of  Calais,  which  was  destined  to 
remain  for  a  couple  of  centuries  under  English 
government.  In  the  assessment  of  wards  for  seventy 
armed  men  and  one  hundred  archers,  to  be  sent  in 
two  London  ships  to  Sandwich,  we  find  names 
such  as  Henry  Chaucer  among  the  armed  men  sent 
from  Cordwanerstrete,  and  from  Farndon  Within 
Richard  Ellesmere,  John  de  Bedeford,  and  John 
atte  Lynde.  A  letter  from  Edward  III.  to  his 
son,  the  Duke  of  Cornwall,  gives  an  account  of  the 
battle  of  Sluys,  fought  on  Midsummer  Day,  1340. 
Another  immediately  follows  to  Philip  de  Valois, 
claiming  the  crown  of  France,  and  offering  to  sup- 
port it  by  a  duel  between  themselves  or  with  a 
hundred  men  on  each  side  or  with  their  whole 
armies,  so  that  the  war  might  be  finished  in  ten 
days.  The  answer  to  this,  dated  30  July,  1340, 
three  days  later,  notifies  Philip's  intention  to  expel 


Edward  from  France.  Chaucers  are  of  pretty  con- 
stant occurrence.  The  name  of  John  de  Gaunt 
appears  thrice,  and  that  of  Richard  de  Gaunt,  a 
Warden  of  the  Conduit,  once.  In  its  importance, 
from  the  historical  or  any  other  point  of  view,  the 
volume  yields  to  none  of  its  predecessors.  An 
admirable  index  adds  greatly  to  its  value. 

The  Golden  Treasury.   By  Francis  Turner  Palgrave. 

(Routledge  &  Sons.) 

Poems  of  Sir  Leicis  Morris.  (Same  publishers.) 
PALGRAVE'S  'Golden  Treasury  '  and  an  authorized 
selection  from  the  poems  of  Sir  Lewis  Morris  con- 
stitute the  latest  additions  to  "The  New  Universal 
Library  "  of  Messrs.  Routledge  &  Sons.  On  its  first 
appearance  Palgrave's  work  supplied  an  acknow- 
ledged want,  and  obtained  an  amount  of  popularity 
no  previous  compilation  of  the  sort  has  ever  en- 
joyed. Though  not  free  from  shortcoming,  it  is  an 
eminently  judicious  selection,  and  remains  in  favouff 
with  the  public.  Palgrave's  critical  comments  do 
not  always  carry  conviction,  nor  can  he  be  said 
to  have  been  touched  to  all  finest  issues.  An 
edition  so  pretty  and  so  cheap  as  this  will  have  a 
wide  circulation,  and  the  wider  the  spread  of  the 
work  in  general  circles  the  better.  The  companion 
volume  appeals  to  a  different  public. 

The  Ingenious  Gentleman  Don  Quixote  oflaMancha. 
By  Miguel  de  Cervantes  Saavedra.  (Bell  &  Sons.) 
Of  translations  of  '  Don  Quixote'  we  are  disposed 
to  regard  that  of  Motteux,  which  constitutes  the 
latest  addition  to  "  The  York  Library,"  as  virtually 
the  best.  It  is,  in  the  shape  it  now  assumes,  at 
once  spirited  and  accurate,  and  has  precisely  the 
right  amount  of  archaeological  flavour.  Lockhart 
enriched  it  with  excellent  notes,  now  modified  in 
some  respects.  We  are  not  careful  to  have  pre- 
served all  that  was  crude  or  erroneous  in  the 
previous  rendering.  A  modern  reader  can  peruse 
this  edition  with  pleasure  and  gain,  and  it  has 
the  advantage  of  being  cheap,  convenient,  read- 
able, and  attractive.  All  we  have  to  counsel  is  the 
removal  from  the  preliminary  matter  of  references 
to  a  portrait  which — in  our  copy  at  least,  and  we 
suspect  in  others— is  not  given. 

Diary  and  Letters  of  Madame  VArl>lay.  With 
Preface  and  Notes  by  Austin  Dobsou.  Vol.  III. 
(Macmillan  &  Co.) 

THE  third  volume  of  the  new  edition  of  these 
memoirs  covers  the  period  between  August,  1786, 
and  June,  1788,  during  all  which  time  Fanny  was 
occupied  with  her  cares  as  Second  Mistress  of 
the  Wardrobe.  It  gives  a  series  of  interesting 
pictures  of  Court  life,  and  presents  the  autobio- 
grapher,  on  the  whole,  in  a  very  agreeable  light. 
Perhaps  the  most  striking  figure  in  the  book  is  Mr. 
Turbulent,  as  she  or  some  one  else  christened  the 
Rev.  Charles  de  Guiffardiere,  the  queen's  French 
reader.  Married  man  and  prebendary  as  he  was,  th« 
individual  so  named  seems  to  have  had  distinctly 
amorous  designs  upon  the  fair  Fanny;  and  though 
she  feels  bound  to  snub  and  repress  him,  she  ia 
obviously  gratified  by  his  advances,  and  has  some- 
thing more  like  pity  than  reproach  for  his  pre- 
sumption. There  is  much  weeping  over  the  death 
of  Mrs.  Delany.  Fanny  boasts  that  she  does  not 
interfere  with  politic?.  It  is,  however,  strange  to 
pass  through  these  troublous  times  and  find  no 
reference  to  what  is  happening  in  France.  On  the 
trial  of  Warren  Hastings,,  with  whom  she  thoroughly 


10<»  S.  III.  MARCH  18,  1905.]       NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


sympathizes,  a  bright  light  is  cast.     Portraits  are 

§iven  of  Mrs.  Delany  by  Opie,  of  Warren  Hastings 
y  Tilly  Kettle,  and  of  'William  Windham  by  Sir 
Joshua.  Other  illustrations  include  plans  of  the 
trial  of  Hastings,  and  views  of  St.  James's  Park, 
St.  James's  Palace,  and  many  other  places  of 
interest.  Mr.  Dobson's  notes  are  valuable  as  before, 
and  the  edition  remains  ideal. 

The  Poets  and  the  Poetry  of  the  Nineteenth  Century. 
Edited  by  Alfred  H.  Miles. — Frederick  Tennyson 
to  Arthur  Hwjh  Clonyh.  (Routledge  &  Sons.) 
To  the  cheap  reprint  of  Miles's  poets  of  the  past 
century  has  been  added  another  volume,  including 
the  poems  of  Frederick  Tennyson,  Charles  Tenny- 
son Turner,  Alfred  Tennyson,  Arthur  Hallam,  John 
Sterling,  R.  C.  Trench,  T.  G.  Hake,  Lord  Houghton 
(Monckton  Milnes),  Domett,  Browning.  W.  B. 
Scott,  Aubrey  de  Vere,  P.  J.  Bailey,  Westland 
Marston,  Ruskin,  Clough,  and  some  others.  Bio- 
graphical prefaces  are  by  A.  H.  Japp,  H.  J.  Gibbs, 
A.  H.  Miles,  Dr.  Furnivall,  Thomas  Bayne,  and 
various  writers,  and  the  whole  is  accompanied  by  a 
portrait  and  an  autograph  of  Browning.  The 
series,  the  value  of  which  is  acknowledged,  must 
be  approaching  completion. 

A  History  of  the  Intellectual  Development  of  Europe. 

By  John  William  Draper,  LL.D.    2  vols.    (Bell  6c 

Sons.) 

THE  work  of  a  man  better  known  as  a  scientist 
than  as  a  writer,  this  '  History  of  the  Intellectual 
Development  of  Europe'  made  some  stir  in  its 
time,  and  has  been  translated  into  almost  all  the 
principal  languages.  It  has  now  been  included  in 
"The  York  Library,"  and  may  well  in  that  form 
look  for  an  aftermath  of  success.  First  seen  about 
the  middle  of  last  century,  it  was  issued  in  or  about 
1875  in  a  revised  form,  which  is  now  maintained. 
It  may  be  com  mended  in  its  present  shape  to  general 
perusal. 

Pofoniiis :  a  Collection  of  Wise  Saics  and  Modern 
Instances.  By  Edward  FitzGerald.  (De  La  More 
Press.) 

A  THIRD  edition  of  FitzGerald's  'Polonius,'  first 
issued  in  1852,  forms  a  pleasing  and  an  acceptable 
addition  to  "  The  King's  Classics."  A  character- 
istic portrait  of  FitzGerald  is  added,  and  there 
appears  for  the  first  time  an  attempt  to  trace  the 
extracts  to  their  original  sources.  In  matters  such 
as  this,  and  sometimes  even  in  accuracy  of  quota 
tion,  FitzGerald  was  remiss.  Things  of  the  kind 
•were  held  less  important  in  the  middle  of  last  cen- 
tury than  now  they  are. 

Who  Saul  That  ?  By  Edward  Latham.  (Routledge 
&  Sons.) 

Christian  Names,  Male  and  Female.  (Same  pub- 
lishers.) 

Two  useful  volumes  have  been  added  to  the  pretty 

"  Miniature  Series"  of  Messrs.  Routledge. 


BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUES. 
MR.  B.  H.  BLACKWELL,  of  Oxford,  sends  a  cata- 
logue of  the  second  portion  of  the  library  of  the 
late  Prof.  York  Powell.  Many  of  the  books  carry 
his  autograph.  The  library  is  rich  in  philology, 
opening  with  Anglo-Saxon,  followed  by  Celtic, 
Eskimo,  French.  Italian,  Spanish,  &c.  Then  we 
have  Oriental,  French,  Spanish,  and  Portuguese 


literatures,  also  Records  and  Rolls  Series.  On  the- 
cover  is  the  fine  portrait  of  the  Professor  we  havfc 
already  mentioned. 

Messrs.  William  George's  Sons,  of  Bristol,  have, 
among  other  interesting  items,  a  choice  copy  of 
Dryden's  'Fables,'  printed  by  Bensley,  with  vig- 
nettes by  Bartolozzi,  1797,  3/.  10-s.  ;  a  collection  of 
books  relating  to  Frederick  the  Great,  42  vols., 
'21.  IQs. ;  a  collection  of  Napoleonic  memoirs,  formed 
by  the  first  Duke  of  Cambridge,  71  vols.,  10/.  10s.  ? 
and  a  complete  set  of  The  Pamphleteer,  20  vols., 
1813-22,  -21.  10*.  Under  Occult  is  Scot's  '  Discovery 
of  Witchcraft,'  1665,  51.  on.  A  copy  of  Henry  Hunt's- 
memoirs.  3  vols.,  1820,  is  '21.  10-*.  ;  a  first  edition  of 
Cocker,  25s.  Under  Costume  is  a  copy  of  Ferrario's- 
work,  a  complete  set,  31  vols.,  Firenze,  1823-9, 11.  7* 
A  copy  of  the  Bibelots,  edited  by  J.  P.  Briscoe-, 
first  10  vols.,  is  priced  at  51.  15-s.oV/.  Messrs.  George- 
have  a  large  stock  of  Arundel  Society  Publications. 

Mr.  Charles  Higham,  of  Farringdon  Street,  has  a< 
number  of  recent  purchases  in  theological,  Roman- 
Catholic,  and  patristic  literatures.  Among  the- 
items  are  Morland's  'Churches  of  the  Valleys  of 
Piemont,'  1658,  3/.  3s. ;  Dolby's  '  Church  Vest- 
ments,' 1868,  21.  Ids.  ;  Palestine  Exploration  Fund, 
Quarterly  Statement,  complete  set,  §1.  Gs. ;  Ewald's- 
'History  of  Israel,'  2^.  ;  'The  Roman  Breviary  in 
Greek,'  Rome,  1568,  very  rare,  21.  2s.  :  set  of  the 
Society  of  Biblical  Archaeology,  1872  89,  51.  \5s.  6dl 
There  are  also  a  number  of  new  books  at  reduced 
prices. 

Messrs.  Jaggard  &  Co.,  of  Liverpool,  send  us  a 
beautifully  printed  catalogue,  interleaved,  with  an- 
introduction  by  Mr.  William  Jaggard,  containing; 
'  A  Brief  Introspect '  on  Liverpool  literature. 
Upon  the  occasion  of  Mr.  Gladstone's  last  public^ 
utterance  at  Liverpool,  his  birthplace,  he  "found, 
to  his  surprise  and  regret,  that,  although  the  city 
had  more  than  tripled  in  size,  and  prospered  ama- 
zingly, there  were  actually  fewer  bookshops  thaw 
in  his  boyhood,  some  eighty  years  earlier,  and  he 
thought  this  indicated  a  sad  intellectual  falling-off." 
Mr.  Jaggard  remarks  on  this  that  Mr.  Gladstone- 
had  overlooked  the  ceaseless  activity  of  the  modern,' 
newspaper  press,  and  "  the  spread  of  free  libraries, 
the  great  network  of  railway  bookstalls,  and  the 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  newsagents  and  news- 
runners  who  carry  reading  matter,  every  hour  and; 
at  all  hours,  to  each  point  of  the  compass."  Mr~ 
Jaggard  expresses  the  wonder  that  "a  single- 
specimen  of  the  genus  bookseller  exists  to-day." 
"Surely,  if  slowly,  dissolution  of  book-traders  is* 
taking  place.  One  by  one  the  courteous,  well- 
informed  booksellers  pass  out  of  ken,  and  no 
younger  men  occupy  their  vacant  places.  In  many 
existing  bookshops  some  unworthy  branch  of  goods, 
supposed  to  be  remotely  connected  with  the  book 
world,  usurps  the  position  of  legitimate  literary 
wares.  True,  the  professional  term  Bookseller  still 
appears  in  bold  type  on  the  facia,  but  windows  and 
counterstellquiteanothertale.  Insteadof  theformer 
display  of  attractive  books,  we  now  find  the  so- 
called  bookshops  filled  with  cheap  stationery,, 
picture  postcards,  crockery,  toys,  and  trumpery." 
We  do  not  altogether  agree  with  Mr.  Jaggard.. 
Here  in  London  we  have  still  many  booksellers 
who  follow  the  traditions  of  the  old  school,  and 
with  whom  it  is  a  delight  for  book-lovers  to  hold 
converse.  It  is  two  hundred  years  since  Liverpool 
saw  its  first  printing  press.  This  was  set  up  by- 
Samuel  Terry  in  Dale  Street,  and  to  Jame& 


220 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [io«-  s.  in.  MARCH  is,  1905. 


IPlatt  Mawdsley  is  due  the  first  Liverpool  directory. 
Among  Liverpool  writers  Mr.  Jaggard  claims 
Roscoe,  Gladstone,  Hemans,  Clough,  Jevons,  Mete- 
yard,  and  Abraham  Hume,  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  Historic  Society.  The  items  contained  in  the 
•catalogue  are  very  interesting,  but  we  have  only 
space  to  mention  one,  a  valuable  Heraldic  Manu- 
.•script  of  Armorial  Bearings  of  Great  Britain, 
France,  Italy  (including  the  Popes),  Russia,  Turkey, 
&c.  The  whole  collection,  mounted  and  interleaved, 
43  vols.,  1800-50,  is  priced  at  3QI. 

Messrs.  J.  &  J.  Leighton  have  sent  us  Part  VIII. 
^Si-T)  of  their  catalogue  of  early  printed  and  other 
interesting  books,  manuscripts,  and  fine  bindings. 
There  are  many  illustrations,  each  item  being  of 
interest.  "We  can  mention  only  a  few.  The  very 
rare  first  edition  of  '  Queen  Mab,'  privately  printed 
foy  Shelley,  1813,  is  15^.;  '  The  Cenci,' first  edition, 
Rome  and  London,  1819,  17^.  ;  and  '  The  Masque 
•of  Anarchy,'  Moxon,  1832,  41. 4.S.  Under  Sibyls  we 
ifind  Philippus  de  Barberiis,  four  editions,  the  first, 
1481,  very  rare,  30^.  The  first  edition  of  '  Roderick 
Random,'  2  vols.,  1748-51,  is  551.  Under  Spanish 
"Books  are  the  famous  "Bear  Bible,"  51.  5*.,  and 
lioccaccio,  1539,  \'2l.  12*.  A  first  edition  of  Spenser, 
W.Ponsonby,  1590-90,  is  priced  at  ISl.  18*.  Stirling- 
Maxwell's  '  Annals  of  the  Artists  of  Spain,'  4  vols., 
contains  the  exceptionally  scarce  additional  volume 
•of  photographs,  1848,  30  guineas.  Under  Testa- 
ments is  the  Coverdale,  1538,  wanting  only  the 
•eight  leaves  before  the  Prologue,  251.  The  two  in 
"the  British  Museum  are  imperfect,  and  only  three 
perfect  copies  are  known.  There  is  also  an  ancient 
>Greek  manuscript  on  thick  vellum,  120/.  Valuable 
topographical  works  and  a  number  of  first  editions 
of  Tennyson  and  Thackeray  are  included  in  the 
catalogue. 

Mr.  Alexander  Macphail,  of  Edinburgh,  has  a 
number  of  rarities  in  Scottish  literature,  curious 
pamphlets,  and  trials.  These  include  '  Trial  of 
Witches  in  Shetland,'  1644,  price  10*.  Ql.  Under 
rScott  and  Burns  are  many  items  of  interest.  Under 
.Jacobite  we  find  'The  Jacobite  Peerage,'  1903,  only 
•25Q  copies  printed,  42.s.  There  are  a  number  of  works 
relating  to  Scotch  law.  Birkbeck  Hill's  '  Footsteps 
•of  Dr.  Johnson  in  Scotland,'  1890,  is  35-.'.,  published 
;at  11. Is.  ;  and  Jervise's  'Epitaphs  and  Inscriptions 
iin  the  North-East  of  Scotland,'  1875-9,  31.  3*.  (this 
is  marked  rare).  Among  general  items  are  a  first 
.•edition,  in  the  original  boards,  of  Miss  Ferrier's 
'Inheritance,'  1824,  3/.  15s. ;  and  Journal  of  the 
Arch(Eolo(/ical  Institute,  vol.  i.,  1845,  to  vol.  xxi., 
1864,  4£.  15*.  There  are  also  editions  of  Dickens, 
"Thackeray,  and  George  Eliot. 

Mr.  Thomas  Thorp,  of  Reading,  has  a  good  mis- 
•  cellaneous  collection,  also  a  number  of  books 
relating  to  Australia.  Under  Berks  there  is  a 
•collection  of  22  scarce  tracts,  1642-51,  161.  10*.  A 
list  of  contents  is  given.  There  are  a  first  edition 
of  Browning's  '  Inn  Album,'  1875,  12*.  6d. ;  and  a 
collection  of  Civil  War  tracts,  1641-8,  3/.  3*%  Under 
Dickens  are  first  editions.  Under  George  Eliot  are 
the  very  scarce  '  Scenes  of  Clerical  Life,'  1858, 
•11.  10*.  ;  also  'The  Mill  on  the  Floss,'  18*.  Under 
Leigh  Hunt  are  interesting  first  editions.  A  copy 
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10*8.  HI-  MARCH  25,  1905.]      NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


221 


LOKDON,  SATURDAY,  MARCH  S5,  1905. 


CONTENTS.-No.  65. 

NOTES  :— Christopher  Smart  and  the  Madhouse,  221— 
French  Words  of  Uncertain  Origin,  222— Francis  Douce, 
223— Killigrew  and  Barker  Families—"  Hirsles  yont,"  224 
— Haswell  Family— Pancake  Day,  225— Tottenham  and 
Stoke  Newington  Parish  Registers— Butterfly  in  Baskish, 
226. 

QUERIES  :— "  Bright  Chanticleer  proclaims  the  dawn"— 
Whistler's  Ship-Spratt  Family— Bibliographical  Queries 
— "  Futura  prseteritis  "— "  St.  George  to  save  a  maid,"  227 
—King's  Cock-Crower— Names  of  Letters— Masons'  Marks 
— 'Brown's  Superb  Bible'— Lines  on  a  Mug— Dr.  James 
Barry,  228— Windsor  Castle  Sentry— 'Patience'— Thomas 
Cooper  —  John  Normnn,  of  Bideford  —  George  Borrow  : 
•The  Turkish  Jester '  — Luther's  'Commentary  on  the 
Galatiaus,'  229. 

EEPLIES  :— The  Author  of  '  Thealma  and  Clearchus,'  229— 
The  Nail  and  the  Clove,  231— Father  Sarpi  in  English 
Literature— Wall:  Martin,  232— Translations  of  Domesday 
— Zemstvo— Lucas  Families— Bidding  Prayer,  233— Hoi- 
born  —  Bacon  or  Usher  ?  —  Heriot  —  Theatre-Building  — 
Anchorites'  Dens,  231  —  Quarterstaves  —  Penny  Wares 
Wanted— "  Vine  "  Inn,  Highgate  Road— Saxton  Family- 
Heraldic  Mottoes,|235 -Wedding-King  Finger— Christmas 
Custom  in  Somersetshire  —  Charles  I.  in  Spain  —  The 
Egyptian  Hall,  236-Sarum— "  Dobbin,"  Children's  Game, 
237— "  Peril,"  238. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— Hamilton's  'Chronicle  of  the  Eng- 
..  lish  Convent  at  Louvain  '  —  '  The  Scots  Peerage'  — The 

"Stratford    Town"    Shakespeare  —  '  Paradise   Lost'  — 

"Metbuen's  Standard  Library." 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


CHRISTOPHER    SMART    AND    THE 
MADHOUSE. 

I  SHOULD  be  grateful  for  a  speedy  solution 
of  some  doubts  as  to  the  date  of  Smart's 
confinement  as  a  lunatic.  He  is  said  (see 
'  Diet,  of  National  Biography ')  to  have  been 
so  immured  in  1751  and  1763.  I  do  not  know 
whether  these  dates  are  given  on  any  other 
evidence  than  the  following. 

1.  Gray  writes  to  Walpole  (who  apparently 
wanted  an  amanuensis),  8  October,  1751 : — 

"  We  have  a  man  here  that  writes  a  good  hand  ; 
but  he  has  little  failings  that  hinder  my  recom- 
mending him  to  you.  He  is  lousy,  and  he  is  mad  : 
he  sets  out  this  week  for  Bedlam  ;  but  if  you  insist 
upon  it,  I  don't  doubt  he  will  pay  his  respect*  to 
you." 

Mr.  Gosse  suggests  that  this  was  Smart  ; 
but  I  have  my  doubts  about  it.  According 
to  the  life  in  Anderson's  '  British  Poets,' 
Smart  did  not  leave  Cambridge  until  1752. 
In  1752  he  won  the  Seatonian  Prize  for  a 
poem  on  a  religious  subject ;  and  it  appears 
that  the  award  was  made  to  him  in  1750  on 
25  March.  It  is  probable  that  this  was  the 
date  for  1752  also.  On  this  hypothesis, 
between  8  October,  1751,  when  he  is  supposed 
to  have  left  Cambridge  for  Bedlam,  and 


25  March,  1752,  he  composed  a  successful 
prize  poem,  for  we  may  dismiss,  I  think,  the 
notion  that  he  began  his  effort  very  long 
before  the  time  of  sending  it  in  ;  that  was 
not  Smart's  way;  and  in  1755  he  just  barely 
contrived  to  send  his  poem  to  Cambridge 
within  the  limit  of  time.  Did  he  write  the 
poem  of  1752  in  an  asylum  1  If  so,  his 
earlier  were  more  indulgent  than  his  later 
keepers,  for  there  is  probably  a  nucleus  of 
truth  in  the  story  that  the  '  Song  to  David  ' 
was  in  part  scratched  with  a  key  upon  the 
wainscot  of  the  room  in  which  he  was  con- 
fined, he  being  refused  the  use  of  pen,  ink, 
and  paper. 

There  is  a  further  objection.  Before  1753 
Smart  was  doing  work  for  Newbery,  the 
bookseller.  In  1753  he  married  Newbery's 
step-daughter,  Miss  Carman.  Xewbery  was 
a  man  not  only  benevolent,  but  prudently 
benevolent,  as  his  conduct  to  Smart  and  the 
girl  after  their  marriage  sufficiently  proves. 
Is  it  at  all  probable  that  he  would  have 
allowed  her  to  marry  a  man  who,  as  he  must 
have  known,  had  already  been  confined  as  a 
lunatic  ? 

1  have  conjectured  that  the  person  of 
whom  Gray  writes  was  Lawman,  the  mad 
attorney,  who  was  Smart's  copyist  for  his 
play  'A  Trip  to  Cambridge,'  &c.  (Gray  to 
Wharton,  March,  1747).  Making  every  allow- 
ance for  jocular  exaggeration  and  Gray's 
obvious  contempt  for  Smart,  I  do  not  believe 
that  he  would  have  described  him  in  such 
disgusting  terms.  Johnson  said  that  Smart 
did  not  love  clean  linen,  and  honestly  con- 
fessed that  he  had  the  same  dislike.  Smart's 
habits  would  tend  to  slovenliness ;  but  they 
clearly  did  not  exclude  him  from  society  at 
Cambridge  ;  like  Person  he  was  fond  of  low 
company,  but  like  Person  he  was  never 
debarred  from  converse  with  men  refined 
both  in  person  and  intellect.  In  the 
biography  ap.  Anderson  it  is  stated  that 
he  was  private  tutor  to  the  John  Hussey 
Delaval  (afterwards  Lord  Delaval)  who  is 
the  hero  of  the  escapade  described  by  Gray, 
27  December,  1746.  His  father,  steward  to 
Lord  Barnard,  once  had  an  estate  in  Kent, 
and  Smart  himself  was  in  his  youth  a 
favoured  guest  at  Ilaby  Castle.  Upon  Smart's 
recovery  from  his  madness  Hawkesworth 
visited  him,  and  writes  :  "It  is  by  no  means 
considered  in  any  light  that  his  company  as 
a  gentleman,  a  scholar,  and  a  genius  is  less 
desirable."  This  is  surely  evidence  that 
Smart  was  never  regarded  quite  as  a  pariah. 
When  Hawkesworth  saw  him  he  was  going 
to  dine  with  Mr.  Richard  Dalton,  who  had 
an  appointment  in  the  King's  Library. 


222 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [io*  s.  m.  MARCH  25, 1905. 


But  whether  the  person  to  whom  Gray 
refers  is  Smart,  or  Lawman,  or  any  one 
else,  it  is  clear  the  man  is  not  really  off  to 
Bedlam.  He  is  at  Walpole's  disposal,  if  Wai- 
pole  chooses  to  have  him,  and  this  could  not 
be  the  case  if  he  were  bound  for  an  asylum. 

2.  As  to  the  date  1763  I  am  also  inclined 
to  be  sceptical.  Bos  well  heard  Johnson  upon 
Smart  a  few  days  later  than  16  May,  1763, 
and  what  Johnson  says  about  his  "  poor 
friend's  "  madness  is  in  the  past  tense.  Then 
Boswell  proceeds  to  repeat  a  conversation  on 
the  same  subject  which  Johnson  had  with 
Burney  "  at  another  time,"  and  when  Smart 
was  actually  in  confinement.  This  conversa- 
tion Boswell  obviously  gathered  from  Burney, 
and  it  cannot  be  an  inference  from  anything 
that  appears  in  the  '  Life  of  Johnson '  that 
Smart  was  in  confinement  in  1763.  The 
'  Song  to  David '  was  published  before  28  June, 
1763,  on  which  day  Mason  wrote  to  Gray,  "I 
have  seen  his  'Song  to  David,'  and  from 
thence  conclude  him  to  be  as  mad  as  ever." 
But  this  was  when  Mason  knew,  at  any  rate, 
that  he  was  out  of  confinement,  as  I  think  I 
can  show.  Certainly  the  '  Song  to  David  ' 
was  published  in  1763,  and  that  in  its  com- 
pletest  form  ;  and  it  was  as  certainly  not 
thus  put  together  in  and  published  from  the 
madhouse. 

Just  before  the  passage  cited  from  Mason, 
28  June,  1763,  are  the  words  :  "I  have  got 
about  ten  subscribers  to  Smart,  and  do  not 
know  how  to  transmit  him  the  money. 
Stonhe\ver  advises  me  to  keep  it,  as  he  hears 
he  is  in  somebody's  hands  who  may  cheat 
him."  To  this  Gray  replies  :  "  I  think  it 
may  be  time  enough  to  send  poor  Smart  the 
money  you  have  been  so  kind  to  collect  for 
him  when  he  has  dropped  his  lawsuit,  which 
I  do  not  doubt  must  go  against  him  if  he 
pursues  it."  I  could  adduce  more  to  indicate 
that  Smart,  in  1763,  was  as  much  a  free  agent 
as  a  man  can  be  who  has  been  weakened  by 
intemperance,  insanity,  and  the  pressure  of 
debt. 

I  may  fairly  be  expected  to  Coffer  some 
positive  solution,  after  all  this  negative 
criticism.  In  the  life  ap.  Anderson  it  is  stated 
that  Smart  had  two  children  before  he  was 
immured.  This  would  determine  1756  circ. 
for  the  earliest  date  of  this  incarceration. 
(It  is  significant  that  he  won  the  "Seatonian" 
for  the  last  time  in  1755.)  According  to 
Anderson  his  confinement  lasted  about  two 
years.  Now  on  18  January,  1759,  Gray  writes 
to  Mason,  "Poor  Smart  is  not  dead,  as  was 
said,  and  '  Merope '  is  acted  for  his  benefit 
this  week,  with  a  new  farce,  '  The  Guardian.' " 
To  which  Mason  replies,  25  January : — 


"This  resuscitation  of  poor  Smart  pains  me;  I 
was  in  hopes  he  was  safe  in  that  state  where  the 
best  of  us  will  be  better  than  we  are,  and  the  worst 
I  hope  as  little  worse  as  infinite  justice  can  permit. 
But  is  he  returned  to  his  senses?  If  so,  I  fear  that 
will  be  more  terrible  still.  Pray,  if  you  can  dispose 
of  a  guinea  so  as  it  will  in  any  sort  benefit  him  (for 
it  is  too  late  for  a  ticket),  give  it  for  me." 

The  ticket  would  have  been  for  'Merope' 
and 'The  Guardian,'  and  this  dramatic  per- 
formance, in  which  Garrick  himself  acted  for 
Smart's  benefit,  marks  approximately  the 
poor  man's  emergence  into  that  outer  world 
from  which  he  had  been  for  two  years 
excluded.  He  died  not  in  an  asylum,  but 
in  the  King's  Bench  Prison,  and  there  is  no 
sufficient  evidence  that  he  was  treated  as  a 
lunatic  after  the  period  fixed  approximately 
as  from  1756  to  1758. 

In  the  preliminary  letter  to  the  *  Hilliad,' 
dated  15  December,  1752,  from  London, 
Smart  writes,  "I  have  been  now  for  about 
three  weeks  in  this  scene  of  smoke  and 
dust  "  ;  and  the  letter  in  reply,  21  Dececaber,. 
1752,  clearly  recognizes  Smart  as  having 
gone  to  London  to  pursue  there  a  literary 
career.  It  is,  I  believe,  acknowledged  that 
his  fellowship  was  sequestrated  in  order  to 
pay  his  Cambridge  debts;  and,  of  course,  the 
real  reasons  for  his  leaving  the  University 
do  riot  appear  in  this  laudatory  letter.  But 
it  has  never  been  suggested  that  he  returned 
to  Cambridge  after  his  confinement  as  a 
lunatic  ;  and  this  is  another  reason  for  dis- 
missing the  notion  that  he  went  to  Bedlam 
in  1751  (see  further  these  letters  ap- 
Anderson).  D.  C.  TOVEY. 


FRENCH  WORDS  OF  UNCERTAIN  ORIGIN. 

A  NEW  edition  of  the  '  Dictionnaire  Etymo- 
logique  dela  Langue  Francaise,'  byA.Brachet, 
has  just  been  published  by  Hachette  &  Co. 
All  scholars  know  the  utility  of  this  work, 
but  a  large  number  of  words  are  described 
as  of  uncertain  origin,  though  their  origin  is- 
in  some  cases  certain,  in  others  probable.  1 
subjoin  brief  references  to  some  of  them. 

Abri,  from  apricare,  to  protect  from  cold. 

Aise,  from  adatiare. 

Antilope,  dv^oAwi/',  vide  Skeat,  s.v.  Per- 
haps the  last  syllable  may  have  been  in* 
fluenced  by  Got.  hlaupan,  to  run ;  cf .  leap. 

Babine,  connected  with  babvn  and  our  babble: 

Bdfre  :  cf .  Ital.  bafra,  full  bellj7,  from  an 
old  Teutonic  word  bafe,  sauce  or  broth.  Cf. 
Korting,  s.v. 

Bagarre  :  cf.  O.H.G.  bdga,  a  quarrel. 

Balise,  palitiitni,  fence,  boundary;  hence= 
used  for  a  mark  to  direct  the  course  at  sea. 


10'"  S.  III.  MARCH  25,  1905.]      NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


223 


Baratter,  Eng.  barter,  from  Celtic ;  cf. 
Welsh  brad,  treachery.  Cf.  Skeat,  s.v. 

Barique,  from  O.H.G.  balderich,  baldric,  a 
girdle,  hence  a  belly  ;  cf.  Juvenal,  xii.  60  ; 
ventre  lagonce. 

Basane,  from  Arabic  battdna,  Ital.  basana, 
leather  made  from  sheepskin,  then  leather 
coloured,  tanned. 

Bauge,  O.H.G.  balco. 

Belette,  not  from  bella,  but  cognate  with 
felts,  Welsh  bele  (foumart),  German  Bille,  an 
Indo-European  word  for  weasel  or  cat. 

Berner,  from  O.F.  bernie,  wood  made  in 
Hibernia. 

Bi/er,  formed  after  gijfer,  to  mark  a  house, 
and  then  to  confiscate  it.  See  Korting,  s.v. 
wtfan. 

Bigarrer,  biquadrare. 

Bizarre,  from  bizzara,  a  Basque  word 
meaning  "  brave." 

Blesser,  probably  from  an  old  Teutonic  root 
blet,  "soft,  decayed,"  so  that  blesser  is  "to 
knock  an  object  till  it  is  tender."  Cf.  Kort- 
iug,  s.v.  blet.  The  word  seems  also  to  be 
connected  with  M.Eng.  blessen,  to  consecrate 
(by  letting  blood) ;  see  for  this  Skeat,  s.v. 

Bosse,  O.H.G.  pozan,  to  beat. 

Boucaner,  from  a  Carib  word  bocan,  station 
for  smoking  meat.  Vide  Wedgwood,  i.  254. 

Bonder  and  boudin,  both  from  a  root  bot, 
to  swell.  See  Korting,  s.v. 

Bouse,  bovacea. 

Branche,  biramica. 

Briguer,  Goth,  brikan,  to  break  and  to 
strive. 

Broncher,  O.H.G.  bruch,  something  broken 
off.  Cf.  Diez,  s.v. 

Cabaret,  captivarium,  a  cell. 

Caboter  (1). 

Calme,  Kaiyza. 

Canton,  Celtic  *cammitos,  a  bend  ;  cf.  Ital. 
canto. 

Carlin  (?  from  Carlo  III.  of  Spain). 

Chas,  capsus.     See  Ducange,  s.v.  capsum. 

Chife,  Arabic. 

Ciron  (1). 

Coche  (de'cocher),  *cocca,  concha,  properly 
shell-shaped  notch. 

Cochon,  from  the  same  root.  See  Korting, 
s.v.  cocca. 

Coquecigrue  (]). 

Coqueluche-(l). 

Coquin :  cf.  cokeney  in  '  Piers  Plowman/ 
probably  from  cog. 

Cotret  (?). 

Dague :  cf.  English  dagger,  and  dirk  of 
Celtic  origin.  Cf.  Skeat. 

Dalle,  from  an  Arabic  word.    See  Korting. 

Dandiner,  from  dada,  a  rocking-horse. 

Dartre,  akin  to  tetter.    See  Skeat,  s.v.  tetter. 


Daube,    dealbare,  originally  plaster,  then, 
sauce. 

De'baucher,  O.G.  balco,  scaffolding,   thence- 
workshop.     See  Korting,  s.v.  balco. 

De'gringoler,  O.H.G.  scranchelon,  to  waver 
or  shake. 

Diner,  disjejunare. 

Dodu  (1  same  root  as  dodeliner,  i.e.,  "dodo,'v 
snug,  hence  fat). 

Dorloter,  from  the  same  root.  See  Korting,. 
s.v.  dodo. 

Douve,  So^r,  doga,  a  cask. 

Eblouir,  O.G.  blauoejan,  *  ejcblaudio,  to- 
weaken. 

Ebourijfer,  O.H.G.  biroufan,  to  tear  out. 

S'ebrouer  (]). 

Ecoutille,  English  scuttle.     See  Skeat,  s.v. 

Ecrouer,  Eng.  screw. 

Eci'otiir,  excorire  ;  cf.  excoriate  ? 

Egrillard,  gryllus,It&l.  grillare;  cf.  "merry-- 
as  a  grig." 

Emmistiller,  mustum,  new  wine. 

Enchifrene,  as  if  enchifonne,  stopped  with 
rag] 

Engeance,  enecare,  to  kill  or  worry ;  to- 
crowd  together. 

Enticher,  O.F.  techier  ;  root  tac,  to  touch. 

Ergot,  *erigotare  =  erigere;  but  see  Korting, 
s.v.  ergo. 

S'e'tioler,  stijmla,  to  be  made  into  straw;, 
to  become  weak. 

Etiquette,  G.  stecken,  a  note  stuck  up.  See 
Skeat,  s.v.  stick. 

FalbalT, :  the  origin  of  this  word  is  dis- 
cussed by  Korting,  s.v. 

Falun  (?). 

Farfadet,  *fanfa  ;  see  Korting,  s.v. 

Faribole,  fari. 

Felon,  Low  Latin  felonem,  from  Celtic ;  cf. 
Gaelic  feallan,  a  traitor  (Skeat);  according  to 
others,  from  German  *Jillo. 

Flanelle,  Welsh  gwlanen. 

Foulard,  fouler,  to  thicken  cloth. 

Fredaine,  fritinnire,  to  twitter. 

Fricot,  frigere,  to  roast. 

Friser,  German  root  fris  =  curled ;  cf. frizzle. 
H.  A.  STRONG. 

The  University,  Liverpool. 

(To  be  continued.) 


FRANCIS  DOUCE. 

THE  article  on  this  eminent  antiquary  in-- 
the  'Diet.  Nat.  Biog.'  needs  a  little  correction. 
He  was  the  youngest  of  the  three  sons  of 
Francis  (not  Thomas)  and  Ellen  Douce. 
Francis  Douce,  M.D.,  the  eccentric  physician 
of  Hackney,  was  his  granduncle  (not  grand- 
father). In  regard  to  his  legal  career  I  find 
that  he  was  entered  at  Gray's  Inn  on. 


224 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [io*  s.  in.  MARCH  25, 1905. 


13  January,  1779,  and  was  subsequently 
admitted  an  attorney  of  the  King's  Bench. 
His  name  appears  in  Browne's  '  General  Law 
List'  for  1787  (p.  37)  as  "Francis  Douce, 
jun.,  Coney  Court,  Gray's  Inn,"  but  is  omitted 
from  the  list  for  1789.  He  married  on 
2  November,  1791  (not  1799),  Isabella,  widow 
of  the  Rev.  Henry  Price,  "  late  of  Bellevue 
in  Ireland "  (Gent.  Mag.,  Ixi.  1061),  and  she 
was  the  recipient  of  a  legacy  from  his  father. 
She  died  in  Upper  Gower  Street  in  1830  (ib., 
c.  ii.  188). 

The  family  appears  to  have  come  from 
Nether,  or  Lower,  Wallop,  co.  Southampton. 
One  Thomas  Douce  of  that  place  died  in 
December,  1732  (Musgrave's  '  Obituary,'  s.v.). 
The  antiquary's  father  possessed  a  farm  there 
called  Place  Farm,  which  he  gave  to  his 
eldest  son  Thomas  Augustus  Douce,  of  Town 
Mailing,  in  Kent,  on  his  marriage  with  Miss 
Margaret  Hubble  (will  in  P.C.C.,  258  Howe), 
one  of  the  two  daughters  and  co-heiresses  of 
Benjamin  Hubble,  of  Town  Mailing. 

Francis  Douce,  M.D.,  was  painted  twice 
by  William  Keable  (not  "Keeble").  One 
portrait  was  a  half-length  in  an  oval  frame  ; 
in  the  other,  which  is  mentioned  in  the 
•*  D.N.B.,'  the  learned  physician  was  on  horse- 
back, with  a  very  big  pistol  stuck  in  the 
holster  of  the  saddle.  Both  represented  him 
at  the  age  of  seventy-five,  and  both  were 
mezzotinted  by  James  McArdell,  the  half- 
length  in  1752.  While  engaged  in  making 
his  will  on  20  December,  1758,  Dr.  Douce  was 
seized  with  a  paralytic  fit,  and  was  after- 
wards declared  a  lunatic  by  a  writ  of  in- 
quisition. At  the  time  of  his  death  (16  Sep- 
tember, 1760)  he  was  a  widower  without 
children.  The  conditions  upon  which  he 
made  a  benefaction  to  his  native  place  are 
thus  quaintly  set  forth  in  his  will  (P.C.C., 
385  Lynch)  :— 

"  My  mind  and  will  is  that  my  Body  be  deposited 
in  the  Pyramid  (made  to  receive  me  and  my  Wife 

and  no  more)  in  Lower  Wallop  Church  Yard 

Imprimis  I  give  to  the  parish  of  Lower  Wallop 
(provided  they  do  not  suffer  my  Pyramid  to  be 
injured)  the  Interest  of  a  thousand  pounds  as  they 
stand  now  which  I  shall  die  possessed  of  in  the 
South  Sea  Annuities  at  the  South  Sea  House  for 
ever  to  be  made  use  of  for  the  following  purposes 
Vid :  to  help  support  the  men  and  women  who  are 
past  their  Labours  and  do  dwell  in  that  parish  of 
Lower  Wallop  to  be  distributed  by  twelve  of  the 
Heads  of  the  parish  or  as  the  majority  of  the  Jury 
meaning  the  twelve  men  and  if  they  do  not  do 
-Justice  I  cannot  help  that.  I  order  that  put  of  the 
said  Interest  Money  that  the  Boys  and  Girls  of  the 
said  Parish  are  taught  to  read  and  write  and  cast 
an  Account  a  little  way,  especially  those  who  cannot 
pay  for  their  schooling  or  learning,  but  they  must 
not  go  too  far  least  it  makes  them  saucy  and  the 
•Girls  all  want  to  be  Chamber  Maids  and  in  a  few 


years  you  will  be  in  want  of  Cooks.  I  give  this 
charity  provisionly  [«fc]  that  my  pyramid  shall 
be  kept  in  good  Order  and  the  Iron  Rails  painted 
every  second  year  at  the  charge  of  the  parish,  and 
if  the  parish  Boys  do  climb  or  injure  it,  they  shall 
not  only  be  deprived  of  their  learning,  but  shall 
also  be  punished,  and  if  the  parish  do  not  keep  the 
pyramid  in  good  repair  this  charity  shall  cease  and 
be  void  and  subsist  no  longer." 

The  good  doctor's  charity  is  still  enjoyed 
by  Nether  Wallop.  His  other  nephews 
(besides  the  antiquary's  father)  were  Francis 
Gosling,  the  London  alderman,  and  Robert 
Gosling,  the  banker  of  Fleet  Street.  Two  of 
his  nieces  were  Elizabeth  Miller  Rivington 
(wife  of  John  Rivington,  bookseller)  and 
Mary  Dalton  (wife  of  the  Rev.  John  Dalton, 
D.D.).  The  antiquary's  second  brother, 
William  Henry  Douce,  who  practised  as  an 
attorney  in  Fenchurch  Street,  was  in  part- 
nership with  a  Henry  Rivington  in  1789. 
GOUDON  GOODWIN. 


KlLLIGREW    AND    BARKER    FAMILIES.  —  In 

the  elaborate  pedigree  of  the  ancient  Cornish 
family  of  Killegrew  printed  by  Col.  Vivian 
in  his  'Visitations  of  Cornwall'  (p.  267; 
cp.  p.  641)  there  is  an  error — no  doubt  very 
pardonable,  but  of  some  little  importance — 
respecting  the  Henry  Killegrew  who  was 
Admiral  of  the  Fleet  under  William  III.,  and 
brother  of  Anne  Killegrew,  the  poetess  com- 
memorated by  Dryden.  Admiral  Henry 
Killegrew  is  therein  described  as  the  father 
of  a  Henry  Killigrew,  of  St.  Julian's,  Herts, 
who  died  9  November,  1712.  But  this  second 
Henry  is  entirely  mythical,  and  the  details 
referred  to  him  by  Vivian  really  appertain 
to  Admiral  Henry  Killegrew  (cp.  Chauncy, 
'Hist,  of  Herts,7  1700,  p.  459). 

The  admiral's  wife  was  named  Lucy.  Is 
anything  known  about  her  parentage  1  He 
had  by  her  a  son  Peter  and  three  daughters, 
of  whom  the  second,  Mary  (d.  1734),  was 
married  in  1726  to  Edward  Barker  (d.  1747), 
of  Sompting,  in  Sussex.  The  great-grand- 
daughter of  this  Edward  and  Mary  Barker, 
a  Miss  Anne  Maria  Barker,  married  in  1818 
the  Rev.  William  Bruton  Wroth,  M.A.,  my 
grandfather.  WARWICK  WROTH. 

British  Museum. 

"HiRSLES  YONT."— In  Longman's  Magazine 
for  February,  p.  384,  Mr.  Andrew  Lang 
volunteers  some  information  regarding  the 
vagaries  of  typography  that  have  come  under 
his  notice.  After  a  reference  to  an  early  book 
of  his  own  he  proceeds  thus  : — 

"Somebody  kindly  sends  me  a  list  of  misprints 
in  another  book.  They  are  not  all  errors.  It  is 
right  to  say  that  an  aggressive  family  '  birses  yont,' 
pushes  beyond  its  bounds,  not  '  hirsles  yont ' — a 


10*8.  III.  MARCH  25,  1905.]       NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


225 


phrase  which  I  never  saw.  A  hirsel  is  a  flock  of 
lambs,  or  a  fold  of  Iambs,  I  think.  Hirsle  may  be 
a  form  of  hustle,  que  s<-ais-je  f" 

The  contention  between  Mr.  Lang  and  his 
correspondent  about  the  respective  values  of 
"  birses  "  and  "  hirsles  "  may  be  left  to  them- 
selves for  settlement;  but  as  what  is  said  of 
"hirsles  yont"  is  likely  to  be  widely  mis- 
leading, a  word  on  the  subject  here  may  not 
be  amiss.  Any  one  reasonably  familiar  with 
the  language  of  the  Scottish  peasantry— and 
none  other  should  venture  to  speak  authori- 
tatively on  the  subject— knows  that  "hirsles 
yont"  means  "moves  heavily  along,"  or 
"  moves  with  a  rustling  sound,"  according  to 
the  definition  of  Picken  in  the  glossary  to  his 
'  Miscellaneous  Poems.'  If  Mr.  Lang,  by  some 
chance,  should  happen  to  be  the  fifth  in  a 
line  of  spectators  seated  abreast  on  a  three- 
barred  gate,  a  ploughman  coming  up  and 
desirous  of  being  a  sixth  companion  might 
ask  him  to  "hirsle  yont  a  wee  bittie,"  and 
Mr.  Lang  might  then  illustrate  his  courtesy 
to  the  detriment  of  his  tweeds.  The  exact 
expression  "  hirsles  yont "  may  not  be  very 
common,  but  "  hirsles  "  in  a  context  involving 
the  meaning  indicated  should  be  familiar  to 
every  expert  in  Scottish  literature.  Gavin 
Douglas  uses  the  spelling  "hirsill"  in  trans- 
lating SEneid,'  v.  163,  where  Gyas  asks 
Menoetes  to  hug  the  shore,  adding,  "et 
Isevas  stringat  sine  palmula  cautes."  Douglas 
renders  this — 

And  suffir  that  the  palnies  of  our  airis 
Hirsill  on  the  craig  almaist, 

that  is,  allow  the  blades  of  the  oars  to  graze 
or  rub  on  the  crag  or  jagged  rock.  Radimus 
of  '^Eneid,'  iii.  700,  Douglas  appropriately 
translates  "hirssillit  we."  The  word  is  fairly 
common  in  Scottish  authors  from  the  six- 
teenth to  the  nineteenth  century.  Mr.  Lang 
is  reported  to  have  edited  the  Waverley 
novels,  and  if  so  he  surely  cannot  fail  to 
have  seen  "  hirselled  doun  into  the  glen  "  in 
a  notable  passage  of  '  Guy  Mannering,'  and 
a  further  use  of  the  word  with  reference  to 
Erick's  steps  in  '  The  Pirate.'  He  will  find 
the  difference  between  this  verb  and  the  noun 
"  hirsell,"  a  flock,  by  referring  to  Jamieson's 
'  Scottish  Dictionary.'  THOMAS  BAYNE. 

HASWELL  FAMILY.— Every  antiquary,  if  not 
every  parish  incumbent,  now  recognizes  the 
importance  of  perpetuating  in  print  and 
circulating  all  the  MS.  records  of  family 
history  embedded  in  our  various  local 
registers,  and  even  in  family  Bibles  and, 
casually,  in  books  in  our  old  libraries.  I 
have  no  hesitation,  therefore,  in  asking  you 
to  find  space  for  the  following  facts,  preserved 


in  an  old  Bible  and  Prayer-Book,  "  imprinted* 
at  London  by  Bonham  Norton  &  John  Bill,. 
1626,"  in  my  possession  : — 

1.  Elizebeth  Haswell,  the  [daughter]  of  Edward 
[and]   Mary  Haswell,   was  borne  30  of  January, 
1709/10. 

2.  Sara,  the  Daughtor  [sic]  of  Edward  and  Sara- 
Haswell,  was  Borned  [sic]  April!  10th,  1714. 

3.  Anne  Haswell,  the  daughter  [of]  Edward  and* 
Sarah  Haswell,  was  borne  October  4,  1719. 

4.  Mary  Haswall,  the    daughter   of   Edw.    and 
Sarah  Haswell,  was  borne  March  30,  172*2. 

Who  the  Haswells  were,  or  where  they 
lived,  I  have  no  record  to  tell.  Some  of  your 
readers,  however,  may  find  these  facts  of  use 
to  them. 

One  other  interesting  peculiarity  of  this 
book  is  that  it  attests  the  ravages  of  the 
storm  to  which,  as  Macaulay  pointed  out, 
Addison  adroitly  compared  Marlborough. 
On  the  fly-leaf  facing  "The  Whole  Book  of 
Psalms :  Collected  into  English  Meeter  by 
Thomas  Sternhold,"  &c.,  some  one  has 
written  the  significant  words  : — 

"In  the  26  day  of  November,  1703,  the  hard  wind 
which  blew  down  the  trees  and  the  pinnacle  of  the 
curches  [sic]  drowned  the  mash  [sic  ;  ?  master,  but 
the  h  seems  certain  ;  ?  marsh]." 

PETER  MONTFORT. 

PANCAKE  DAY.— Some  fifty  odd  years  ago 
Shrove  Tuesday  was  in  many  Midland  villages 
the  holiday  of  the  year— a  holiday  which  one 
and  all  looked  forward  to  for  weeks  before, 
for  then  pancakes  came  only  once  in  a  twelve- 
month, and  then  it  was  of  the  nature  of  a  con- 
test who  could  eat  the  more,  not  only  amongst 
the  children,  but  amongst  the  "betters," 
for  country  life  and  work  made  men  good  at 
trencher,  whether  in  pancakes  or  in  hunks 
of  bread  and  the  "hunchers"  of  bacon.  Then 
the  day  brought  a  long  half-holiday,  for  as 
soon  as  the  Pancake  Bell  began  to  ring,  at 
eleven  o'clock  forenoon,  work  in  field  and  at 
school  was  thrown  up,  and  one  and  all  hasted 
to  the  pancake  feast,  which  by  noon  was  in 
full  swing.  In  every  house  an  hour  and 
more  was  given  to  this  once-a-year  meal  of 
pancakes,  and  the  mother  of  each  home  had 
for  the  time  a  hard  task  when  dealing  with 
a  large  family  of  good  appetites.  Usually  it 
was  a  whole  morning's  work  to  prepare  the 
batter,  and  keep  a  good  and  suitable  fire 
going  for  the  purpose  of  frying,  as  it  was  a. 
point  of  some  importance  with  her  to  have  a 
pile  ready  on  a  stand  close  to  the  fire,  to 
which  she  added  as  they  came  off  the  "  pan." 
The  pan  was  not  necessarily  of  metal — a 
shallow  dish  with  a  handle— but  was  mostly 
a  slab  of  thin  stone,  taken  from  quarries 
where  the  stone  lay  in  thin  slabs  suitable  for 
the  purpose.  There  is  a  moor  in  North-East 


226 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.   [io*  s.  m.  MARCH  25, 1005. 


^Derbyshire  called  "Bakestone  Moor,"  because 
large  numbers  of  suitable  stones  were  quarried 
there  for  "backston"  purposes. 

Pancakes  were  eaten  with  a  variety  of 
'flavourings.  If  plenty  of  fat  was  used  in  the 
frying,  some  would  take  them  with  salt  ;  but 
•more  commonly  it  was  sugar  or  treacle,  while 
others  took  vinegar  and  sugar,  or  the  juice  of 
oranges  and  sugar,  children  preferring  to  eat 
their  orange  afterwards. 

In  the  schools — which  were  mostly  those 
"which  "dames"  kept — there  was  a  curious 
little  custom  which  began  with  the  first  sound 
of  the  Pancake  Bell.  The  children  called  it 
'"  Pardon  !  master,  pardon  ! "  and  what  fol- 
lowed was  called  "pardoning  out."  The 
•master  or  the  dame  "master,"  as  the  case 
might  be,  went  outside,  when  the  door  was 
bolted  by  the  scholars,  who  began  a  mad 
dance  with  the  school  furniture,  shouting 
several  times  : — 

Pardon  !  master,  pardon  ! 

Pardon  in  a  pan  ! 

If  you  won't  giv  's  a  holiday 

We  won't  let  you  in. 

The  master  came  to  the  door,  thumped,  and 
the  door  was  opened,  and  on  his  giving  the 
holiday  out  trooped  the  children  at  head- 
long speed  to  the  feast  of  pancakes  at  their 
respective  homes. 

In  many  cases  the  first  pancake  made  was 
very  carefully  turned  when  the  underside 
was  done,  for  it  was  good  luck  to  the  house- 
hold if  it  was  turned  with  the  cake-sprittel 
without  splashing  or  breaking.  It  was  also 
a  custom  with  some  to  take  the  first  pancake, 
all  hot  and  smoking,  and  throw  it  amongst 
the  fowls  in  the  yard — this  also  for  the  pur- 
pose of  securing  good  luck. 

THOS.  KATCLIFFE. 

Worksop. 

[See  also  8th  S.  i.  160,  195,  238,  343.] 

TOTTENHAM  AND  STOKE  NEWINGTON  PARISH 
KEGISTERS.— The  following  cutting  is  from 
The  Tottenham  and  Stamford  Hill  Times  and 
Stoke  Neivington  Chronicle  of  3  July,  1903. 
It  was  written  by  myself  with  the  object  of 
facilitating  local  historical  researches  in  the 
above  and  other  parishes,  and  I  trust  it  may 
find  its  way  into  the  columns  of  *N.  &  Q.': — 

"  The  Registers  of  Tottenham  commence  in  1553, 
the  first  year  of  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth  [Mary  ?]. 
Sometimes  the  incumbent  of  All  Hallowes,  and  on 
other  occasions  the  parish  clerk,  took  charge  of 
these  important  records.  In  addition  to  the  ordinary 
•entries  tiherein  of  baptisms,  marriages,  and  burials, 
it  was  customary  in  those  early  days  to  chronicle 
particular  events,  as  and  when  the  same  occurred. 
As  regards  these  special  notes  in  the  registers,  some 
are  of  considerable  national  interest;  others  are  of  a 
unique  and  local  character.  The  memorable  journey 


of  James  I.  from  Scotland  through  Tottenham 
marshes  to  Stamford  Hill;  the  Great  Frost  on  the 
Thames,  and  the  execution  of  Charles  I.,  together 
with  other  public  events,  are  carefully  noted. 
Numerous  local  items  likewise  appear — scattered 
about  here  and  there — exceedingly  quaint  and  in- 
teresting, being,  moreover,  highly  reminiscent  of 
early  village  life. 

"As  regards  Stoke  Newington,  the  Births  and 
Burials  Register  commence  in  1559  (only  six  years 
later  than  Tottenham),  and  the  first  entry  in  the 
Marriage  Register  is  in  the  following  year  (1560). 
Here  again  in  these  parochial  records  there  are 
sundry  interesting  notes  and  memoranda,  such  as 
'  a  long  vacation,'  when  but  few  entries  through 
neglect  had  been  made  during  a  disquietous  period. 
'  A  dreadful  plague '  is  recorded  more  than  once, 
alluding  to  some  severe  nietropolitan,  or,  as  some- 
times happened,  local  visitation.  A  red  cross  is 
likewise  occasionally  introduced,  and  during  the 
year  1625  it  is  recorded  that  '1,250  died  this  week.' 
This,  of  course,  alludes  to  the  mortality  in  the 
metropolis,  for  the  population  of  Stoke  Newington 
was  at  that  time  very  limited.  There  are,  more- 
over, numerous  notes  illustrative  of  the  history  of 
the  parish,  and  the  old  church  of  St.  Mary,  the 
registers  of  which  were  once  improperly  removed 
by  the  vicar  to  a  country  benefice  which  he  also 
held  in  conjunction  with  that  of  Stoke  Newington. 

"None  of  these  historical  memoranda  have  been 
(except  in  a  few  instances)  incorporated  in  any 
published  local  histories.  Such  curious,  rare,  and 
authentic  matter,  however,  at  the  disposition  of  one 
who  could  '  collect,  combine,  amplify,  and  animate ' 
(to  use  Dr.  Samuel  Johnson's  words),  would  supply 
original  and  reliable  material  for  a  more  perfect 
history  of  these  important  parishes.  Parochial 
registers,  though  in  most  districts  fairly  accessible, 
are  seldom  consulted  except  for  the  purpose  of 
searching  for  and  obtaining  certificates.  This  is  to 
be  regretted.  Chronicling  important  events,  and 
recording  interesting  facts  and  circumstances — 
besides  those  purely  ecclesiastical  or  genealogical — 
was  not,  I  apprehend,  confined  to  the  registers  of 
one  or  two  parishes.  Valuable  fragments  of  Eng- 
lish history,  such  as  these,  should  be  searched  for, 
and  when  gathered  up,  neatly  copied  in  a  book 
(which  should  be  carefully  indexed  by  an  expe- 
rienced and  reliable  hand),  and  the  volume  deposited 
in  the  archives  of  the  nearest  local  library.  This 
would  facilitate  local  historical  researches,  supply 
information  that  would  clear  up  many  an  un- 
answered query,  and  also  gladden  the  heart  of  the 
'lover  of  ancient  lore.'  The  numerous  papers  and 
documents  in  the  Public  Record  Office  relating  to 
our  various  parishes  might  also  be  dealt  with  in  a 
similar  manner." 

J.  BASIL  BIRCH. 

54,  Eade  Road,  Finsbury  Park,  N. 

BUTTERFLY  IN  BASKISH.  —  I  have  noted 
many  different  names  for  butterfly  in  Heus- 
kara,  as  the  Basks  of  the  sixteenth  century 
called  their  very  instructive  language.  One 
of  the  commonest  is  Micheleta,  Picheleta,  and 
its  varieties.  Another  is  Jainkuaren  ollachita, 
i.e.,  God's  henlet.  Another  is  Jainko  belatcha 
—  croioling  (of)  God.  Another  is  inyuma.  I 
set  down  this  some  years  ago  as  probably 
derived  from  the  Greek  ixi/et'/jtwl/'  1  believe 


10*  S.  III.  MARCH  25, 1905.]       NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


227 


there  are  other  words  in  Baskish  which, 
perhaps  (in  a  sea  of  doubt),  have  a  Pelasgic 
origin  :  the  very  word  IleXacryot  having  a 
Baskish  aspect,  derived  from  their  word  pela, 
bela=the  black,  which  is  used  as  the  name  of 
the  crow,  i.e  ,  "the  black  bird."  On  p.  889 
of  Folk-lore,  vol.  xv.  No.  4,  lent  by  Don  F. 
de  Uhagon,  I  see  that  Mr.  A.  B.  Cook  men- 
tions ixyfv/juav  as  a  small  bird. 

E.  S.  DODGSON. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  sent  to  them 
direct. 

"  BSIGHT  CHANTICLEER  PROCLAIMS  THE 
DAWN."— I  am  anxious  to  discover  in  what 
collection  there  occurs  a  song  the  first  line  of 
•which  runs  : — 

Bright  Chanticleer  proclaims  the  dawn. 
It  is  not  in  Warburton's  or  Armiger's  collec- 
tion,  and  I  have    consulted    several    other 
volumes  possessing  an  index  of  first  lines. 

W.  T.  SPENCER. 

[That  eminent  authority  Mr.  J.  W.  Ebsworth 
enables  us  to  answer  :— 

"  '  Bravo  ! '  cried  Eugene  Wreyburn,  rising  too. 
'  Or,  if  Yoicks  would  be  in  better  keeping,  consider 
that  I  said  Yoicks.  Look  to  your  feet,  Mortimer, 
for  we  shall  try  your  boots.  When  you  are  ready  I 
am— need  I  say  With  a  Hey  Ho  Chivy,  and  like- 
wise with  a  Hark  Forward,  Hark  Forward,  Tan- 
tivy?'"— 'Our  Mutual  Friend,'  book  ii.  chap,  x., 
by  Charles  Dickens. 

OLD  TOWLER. 
Bright  Chanticleer  proclaims  the  dawn, 

And  spangles  deck  the  thorn  ; 
The  lowing  herds  now  quit  the  lawn, 

The  lark  springs  from  the  corn  ; 
Dogs,  huntsmen,  round  the  window  throng, 

Fleet  Towler  leads  the  cry. 
Arise  !  the  burden  of  my  song — 
This  day  a  Stag  must  die  ! 
Ckom*. 

With  a  hey,  ho,  chevy ! 

Hark  forward,  hark  forward,  tantivy  ! 

Hark,  hark,  tantivy ! 

This  day  a  Stag  must  die. 

The  cordial  takes  its  merry  round, 

The  laugh  and  joke  prevail. 
The  huntsman  blows  a  jovial  sound, 

The  dogs  snuff  up  the  gale : 
The  upland  wilds  they  sweep  along  ; 

O'er  fields,  through  brakes,  they  fly ; 
The  game  is  rous'd :  too  true  the  song— 

This  day  a  Stag  must  die. 

With  a  hey,  ho,  chevy,  &c. 
Poor  Stag  !  the  dogs  thy  haunches  gore, 

The  tears  run  down  thy  face  ; 
The  huntsman's  pleasure  is  no  more, 

His  joys  were  in  the  chase. 


Alike  the  gen'rous  sportsman  burns 

To  win  the  blooming  fair, 
But  yet  he  honours  each  by  turns, 
They  each  become  his  care. 

With  a  hey,  ho,  chevy,  &c. 

Found  in  'The  Myrtle  and  the  Vine,'  vol.  i.  p. 98, 
1801;  'Songs  of  the  Chase,' p.  51,  1810;  and  John 
O  Keefe's  'Dramatic  Works,'  vol.  iii.  p.  135.  The 
words  were  written  by  John  O'Keefe  for  his  play 
called  'The  Czar  Peter,'  Act  I.  scene  iv.,  acted  ia 
1789.  The  music  composed  by  William  Shield.  It 
is  sung  by  Ellen.  Originally  it  began  "Bold 
Chanticleer,"  &c.,  and  "  Ringwood"  was  named  in 
the  sixth  line.  The  actors  changed  the  words  to 
"  Bright"  and  "  Towler,"  and  it  became  instantly 
popular,  known  as  '  Old  Towler.'  It  is  erroneously 
marked  "  Anonymous "  in  '  Illustrated  Book  of 
English  Songs,'  1855. -J.  W.  E.] 

WHISTLER'S  SHIP.— I  have  been  told  that 
the  late  Mr.  J.  A.  McNeill  Whistler  painted 
a  ship  in  full  sail  upon  a  panel  of  the 
entrance  hall  of  his  house  in  Cheyne  Walk, 
and  that  this  was  done  at  some  time  after 
February,  1876.  Can  ,any  correspondent  fix 
the  date  of  the  execution  of  this  work  ] 

ARTEMON. 

SPRATT  FAMILY.  —  The  Rev.  Devereux 
Spratt,  the  founder  of  the  family  seated  at 
Pencil  Hill,  co.  Cork,  formerly  of  Kerry, 
after  his  return  to  England  from  captivity 
in  Algiers,  went  to  visit  "  a  kinsman,"  one 
Mr.  Thomas  Spratt,  minister  of  Greenwich, 
who  was  the  father  of  Thomas  Spratt  or 
Sprat,  Bishop  of  Rochester  1684-1713.  What 
was  the  exact  relationship  ]  AYEAHR. 

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  QUERIES.— 

1.  In  compiling  a  complete  bibliography, 
down  to  what  date  may  the  old  definitions 
4to,  8vo,  <fec.,  be  taken  as  sufficient] 

2.  When  it  becomes  necessary  to  give  book 
dimensions  should  they  be  those  of  the  cover 
or  of  the  pages  ? 

3.  In  the  case  of  only  bound  copies  of  a 
certain  work,  and  none  wholly  uncut,  being 
known  to  the  bibliographer,  should  he  give 
the  dimensions  of  the  tallest,  or  should  he 
strike  an  average  ? 

4.  Is  there  any  recognized  abbreviation  for 
uncut  in  describing  a  book  ? 

I  should  be  grateful  for  information. 

H.  J.  O.  WALKER,  Lieut.-Col. 
Leeford,  Budleigh  Salterton. 

"  FUTURA  pR-ETERiTis."  —  Where  is  this 
motto  to  be  found  ?  C.  S. 

"ST.  GEORGE  TO  SAVE  A  MAID."— The 
following  lines  were  found  written  in  a  copy 
of  ' Dalton  on  English  Law'  (published  1620), 
which  has  recently  been  acquired  by  a 
collector  in  Northumberland.  He  states  that 
the  handwriting  appears  to  be  that  of  the 


228 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [io*  s.  in.  MARCH  25,  iocs. 


seventeenth  century,  and  is  most  anxious  to 

trace  where  the  extract  comes  from  and  its 

probable  author  and  date  :— 

St.  George  to  save  a  Mayd  a  Dragon  slew, 

And  'twas  a  brave  exployt,  if  all  be  true. 

Some  say  there  are  noe  Dragons ;  nay,  'tis  sayd 

There  was  noe  George  ;  Pray  God  there  be  a  Mayd. 

W.  K. 

KING'S  COCK-GROWER.  —  In  2nd  S.  iii.  69  is 
a  curious  statement  about  an  officer  called 
"the  King's  Cock-Grower,"  who  during  Lent 
crowed  the  hour  every  night,  and  on  the  first 
Ash  Wednesday  after  the  accession  of  the 
House  of  Hanover  so  startled  the  Prince  of 
Wales,  afterwards  George  II.,  that  the  office 
was  abolished.  No  references  of  any  kind 
were  given  by  NOTSA.  From  this  paragraph 
in  'N.  &  Q.'  the  statement  has  apparently 
been  copied  into  other  works.  The  func- 
tionary is  not  mentioned  in  the  'English 
Historical  Dictionary '  nor  elsewhere,  so  far 
as  I  can  discover.  Is  any  more  information 
procurable  about  the  custom?  or  is  the  whole 
thing  a  hoax  ?  HERBERT  THURSTON. 

NAMES  OF  LETTERS. — 

1.  Does  the  qualification  of  thinness  in  the 
names  of  the  Greek  letters  e  and  v,  et/<iAoi', 
v^iAoV,   refer  to  their  form  or    sound?     I 
cannot  detect  any  thinness  in  either. 

2.  Why  do  the  French  call  the  letter  ?/  the 
Greek   i,  though  the  fyiXov  never  had  the 
tailed  form? 

3.  Why  has  the  spirant  h  been  called  by 
the  Italians  acca,  by  the  French  ache,  by  the 
English  eitch,   though   these  names  do  not 
bear  the  slightest  resemblance  to  the  sound 
they  are  to  designate  ? 

4.  From  what  circumstance  does  the  letter 
y  derive  its  English  name  wail     Perhaps 
DR.  FOAT  will  have  the  kindness  to  give  the 
clue.    To  him  or  any  other  helper  my  thanks 
in  advance.  G.  KRUEGER. 

Berlin. 

MASONS'  MARKS.  —  I  asked  recently  for 
information  as  to  "  masons'  marks,"  and  was 
referred  to  8th  S.  vii.  208,  334,  416;  viii.  18, 
91,  198.  I  have  looked  these  up,  and  found 
no  information, [only  reference  to  publications 
by  no  means  easy  to  obtain.  I  wish  to  know : 

1.  With  what  object  were  the  marks  put 
on  the  stones  ? 

2.  At  about  what  dates  were  they  employed? 

3.  Had  they  any  symbolic  significance  ? 

4.  Can  any  inference   be  drawn  about  a 
building  on  which  they  appear  ? 

A.  A.  KIDSON. 

'  BROWN'S  SUPERB  BIBLE.'  —  I  shall  be 
grateful  for  information  concerning  '  Brown's 


Superb  Bible.'  I  have  recently  bought  a 
copy  in  excellent  preservation.  The  title- 
page  is  an  elaborate  woodcut,  bearing  the 
following  inscription  on  a  fringed  banner  : — 

"The  most  Superb  Folio  and  Self-Interpreting 
Bible,  Containing  The  Old  and  New  Testaments, 
with  a  Paraphrase  on  the  Most  Obscure  and  Im- 
portant Parts ;  explanatory  Notes  &  Evangelical 
Reflections.  By  the  late  Rev.  John  Brown,  Minister 
of  the  Gospel  at  Haddington." 

Printed  and  published  by  C.  Brightly  and 
T.  Kinnersley,  Bungay,  Suffolk,  26  May,  1812. 
The  forty  woodcuts  are  full-page  illustra- 
tions, and  are  chiefly  by  W.  M.  Craig,  del., 
and  J.  Barlow.  There  are  a  few  woodcuts 
by  Finden,  and  some  by  J.  Brown.  Is  the 
Bible  well  known  ?  Each  woodcut  is  headed 
by  the  announcement,  "Engraved  for  Brown's 
Superb  Bible."  (Mrs.)  BLANCHE  HULTON. 

[In  its  original  shape  Brown's  '  Self-Interpreting 
Bible  '  appeared  in  Edinburgh  in  1778  (2  vols.).  It 
enjoyed  immense  popularity,  and  was  printed  in 
very  numerous  editions  and  forms.  See  '  Brown, 
John,  of  Haddington,'  '  D.N.B.,'  vii.  12-14.] 

LINES  ON  A  MUG.— I  have  a  farmer's 
double-handled  mug,  on  which  are  the  fol- 
lowing verses,  in  letters  of  a  form  belonging, 
as  I  suppose,  to  about  the  beginning  of  the 
last  century : — 

Let  the  Wealthy  &  Great, 

Roll  in  Splendor  &  State, 

1  envy  them  not  I  declare  it : 

I  eat  my  own  Lamb, 

My  Chickens  and  Ham, 

I  shear  my  own  Fleece  &  I  wear  it. 

I  have  Lawns,  I  have  Bow'rs, 

I  have  Fruits,  I  have  Flow'rs, 

The  Lark  is  my  morning  alarmer  : 

So  jolly  Boys  now, 

Here 's  God  speed  the  Plough, 

Long  Life  &  success  to  the  Farmer. 

Can  one  of  your  readers  tell  me  the  origin 
of  these  verses  ?  I  cannot  trace  them  in  the 
Music  Catalogue  of  the  British  Museum. 

ALFRED  MARKS. 

[Quoted  with  slight  variations  at  5th  S.  x.  399.] 

DR.  JAMES  BARRY.— Interest  in  this  lady, 
who  at  one  time  held  the  position  of 
Inspector-General  of  Army  Hospitals,  has 
recently  been  aroused  here,  and  I  am  anxious 
to  discover  any  references  to  her  in  con- 
temporary literature ;  or,  indeed,  to  ascer- 
tain any  information  I  can  about  her.  An 
article  on  her  appeared  in  All  the  Year  Round 
for  May,  1867,  in  which  it  is  stated  that  she 
died  at  her  lodgings  in  London,  and  was 
buried  at  Kensal  Rise,  July,  1865.  In  an 
extract  from  an  Irish  newspaper,  name 
unknown,  which  is  quoted  in  the  Cape  Town 
Advertiser  and  Mail  of  11  October,  1865,  it 
is,  however,  asserted  that  Dr.  Barry  died  at 


10*  8.  III.  MARCH  23, 1905.]      NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


229 


Corfu.  Can  any  contributor  of  *N.  &  Q. 
verify  this  point  for  me,  and  say  whether 
any  stone  marks  the  spot  where  she  lie 
buried  ?  M.  B.  F. 

G.P.O.,  Cape  Town. 

[Many  interesting  particulars  about  Dr.  Barry 
will  be  found  at  9th  S.  vii.  448,  516  ;  viii.  108.  The 
'  D.N.B.'  states  specifically  :  "  She  died  in  London 
at  14,  Margaret  Street,  on  25  July,  1865,  and  an 
official  report  was  immediately  sent  to  the  Horse 
Guards  that  Dr.  James  Barry,  the  late  senior 
inspector-general,  was  a  woman."  Among  the 
authorities  for  the  article  is  The  Times.  26  July, 
1865] 

WINDSOR  CASTLE  SENTRY.  —  Could  any  oi 
your  readers  inform  me  where  the  story  is  to 
be  found  of  the  sentry  who  was  being  con- 
demned for  sleeping  at  his  post,  and  who 
saved  himself  by  stating  that  he  had  heard 
St.  Paul's  strike  thirteen  instead  of  twelve? 
I  believe  that  in  The  Gentleman's  Magazine, 
somewhere  in  the  eighteenth  century,  there 
is  a  note  on  the  death  of  this  sentry. 

W.  E.  DARWIN. 

[GENERAL  GIBBES  RIGAUD  stated  at  5th  S.  ix.  156 
that  the  sentry  was  John  Hatn'eld,  and  that  he 
died  on  18  June,  1772,  aged  102.  MR.  MACKENZIE 
WALCOTT  the  next  week  supplemented  this  infor- 
mation by  saying  that  the  story  of  the  sentinel 
appeared  in  The  Public  Advertiser,  Friday,  22  June, 
1770.] 

*  PATIENCE.'— Where  can  I  find  the  lines 
called  '  Patience,'  the  first  words  of  which 
are  "  The  hands  are  such  dear  hands  "  ? 

H.  B. 

THOMAS  COOPER.— Did  Thomas  Cooper,  the 
Chartist,  use  the  pseudonym  of  "Adam 
Hornbook"?  I  believe  a  two- volume  novel, 
entitled  'Alderman  Ralph,' published  under 
the  forementioned  pseudonym,  is  usually 
attributed  to  him.  Can  any  of  your  con- 
tributors confirm  this  ?  A.  Pv.  C. 

JOHN  NORMAN,  OF  BIDEFORD,  was  a  Non- 
conformist divine,  who  can  be  traced  from 
Bideford  in  1703  unto  Portsmouth  in  1756, 
when  his  chief  work,  'Lay  Nonconformity 
Justified,'  had  reached  an  eighth  edition. 
He  engaged  in  printed  controversy  with 
Ward  and  Lowth,  of  the  Church,  and  with 
Fancourt,  a  Nonconformist.  Inquiry  has 
long  been  made  unsuccessfully  concerning 
his  birthplace,  parentage,  and  family  life  by 
one  who  is  actuated  solely  by  genealogical 
motives.  J.  K.  FuzNoRMAj*. 

Wellington  Cottage,  Ottery  St.  Mary. 

GEORGE  BORROW  :  '  THE  TURKISH  JESTER.' 
—Can  any  expert  in  the  bibliography  of 
George  Borrow  afford  information  about  the 
following  book?  'The  Turkish  Jester;  or, 


the  Pleasantries  of  Cogia  Nasr  Eddin  Effendi. 
Translated  from  the  Turkish  by  George 
Borrow.  Ipswich  :  W.  Webber,  Dial  Lane, 
1884."  12mo,  52  pages,  150  copies  printed. 

It  is  noted  in  Knapp's  biography  of 
Borrow  as  having  been  printed  for  the  first 
time  in  1884.  If  so,  it  came  out  three  years 
after  Borrow's  death.  If  it  was  really  his, 
one  can  understand  why  he  did  not  bring  it 
out  himself,  for  it  is  rather  coarse  and 
indelicate  stuff.  BORROVIAN. 

[A  long  article  on  this  booklet  appeared  9th  S. 
viii.  437  from  the  pen  of  L.  L.  K.,  who  did  not  cast 
doubt  on  the  attribution  to  Borrow.] 

LUTHER'S  '  COMMENTARY  ON  THE  GALA- 
TIANS.' — I  have  recently  seen  a  book  entitled  : 

"A  Commentarie  of  M.  Doctor  Martin  Luther 
upon  the  Epistle  of  S.  Paule  to  the  Galatians,  first 
collected  and  gathered  word  by  word  out  of  his 
preaching,  and  now  out  of  Latine  faithfully  trans- 
lated into  English  for  the  unlearned." 

With  a  foot-note  that  it  was 

"  Diligently  revised,  corrected,  and  newly  im- 
printed againe  by  Thomas  Vautroullier,  dwelling 
within  the  Blackefriers  by  Ludgate.  1588." 

Inside  the  cover  a  pencil  note  says,  "  First 
English  edition  :  very  rare."  Is  this  so  ? 

J.  L.  W. 

[The  first  edition  of  the  English  translation 
appeared  in  1575.  Other  editions  followed  in  1576, 
1577,  1580,  1588,  1616,  1640,  &c.  A  copy  of  the  1616 
edition,  from  the  library  of  Bacon,  has  fetched 
a  large  sum,  but  books  from  Bacon's  library  are 
very  scarce,  and  bring  high  prices.] 


Qtglits, 

THE  AUTHOR  OF  'THEALMA  AND 

CLEARCHUS.' 
(10th  S.  iii.  186.) 

MR.  GORDON    GOODWIN    may  be  glad  to 
earn  that,  according  to  the  'Visitation  of 
London,  1633-4'  (Harl.  Soc.  Publ  ,  xv.  115), 
Martin    Browne,    of   London,  gent.,    living 
anno  1634,  third  son  of  William  Browne,  of 
Joweth  (Louth),  co.  Lincoln,  married  Mar- 
garet,   daughter    of    "John"    Chalkhill,   of 
Jhalkhill,    Middlesex,  and    had    by    her    a 
daughter    Rebecca,    described    as    his    only 
daughter  and  heir  apparent.  In  the  pedigree 
)f  the  family  of  Ken  printed  in  Anderdon's 
Life  of  Thomas  Ken,'  ii.  828-9,  this  Martin 
Browne  is    styled   "Surgeon,  Alderman  of 
London,"  and  his  wife  Margaret  is  treated 
as  daughter  of  "Ion"  Chalkhill,  of  Kings- 
bury,   Middlesex,  by  Martha,   daughter    of 
Thomas    Browne,   and   as   sister  of  Martha 
Chalkhill,  who  by  her  marriage  with  Thomas 
Ken,  of  Furnival's  Inn,  became  mother  of 


230 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.   [io«- s.  m.  MARCH  25,  iocs. 


Thomas  Ken,  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells.  An 
account  of  this  Martin  Browne  is  given  in 
Young's 'Annals  of  the  Barber-Surgeons  of 
London,'  p.  546,  whence  it  appears  that  he 
died  16  April,  1655,  and  that  at  the  date  of 
his  will  (dated  20  Aug.,  1654,  and  proved 
24  April,  1655)  his  wife  Margaret  and  his 
daughter  Rebecca,  the  wife  of  Humphry 
Winch,  were  both  alive.  As  Martin  Browne's 
father-in-law  is  spoken  of  in  the  '  Visitation  ' 
as  "of  Chalkhill,"  it  may  be  of  use  to  add 
that  a  Chalkhill  House  is  marked  on  the 
Ordnance  Survey  map  of  Middlesex,  situate 
south  of  Kingsbury  Green  and  north-east  of 
Wembley  Park. 

In  saying  that  a  John  Chalkhill  was 
"buried  in  Winchester  Cathedral  in  May, 
1679,"  MR.  GOODWIN  repeats  a  small  error, 
for  which  it  seems  that  Sir  John  Hawkins 
was  originally  responsible.  The  error  occurs 
also  in  Mr.  F.  Somner  Merry  weather's  articles 
(Gentleman's  Magazine,  1860,  vol.  viii.  N.S., 
278,  388),  to  which  MR.  GOODWIN  referred  at 
8th  S.  xii.  441.  The  John  Chalkhill  in  ques- 
tion was  really  buried,  not  in  the  cathedral 
(the  registers  of  which  I  have  examined),  but 
in  the  cloisters  of  Winchester  College,  of 
which  college  he  was  a  Fellow  from  2  Octo- 
ber, 1633,  until  his  death.  He  was  elected  a 
scholar  of  the  college  on  15  August,  1610,  as 
aged  eleven  at  Michaelmas  last,  and  thence 
migrated  in  October,  1616,  as  aged  seventeen, 
to  New  College,  Oxford,  with  a  Fellowship 
there,  which  he  held  down  to  his  return  to 
Winchester  in  1633.  He  became  vicar  of 
Downton,  Wilts,  a  Winchester  College  living, 
in  1637,  but  vacated  this  vicarage  in  1641, 
when  he  obtained  the  rectory  of  Ashley, 
Hants,  probably  by  an  exchange  with  Samuel 
Cox.  See  the  'Composition  Books'  at  the 
Record  Office.  He  apparently  remained 
rector  of  Ashley  until  his  death,  as  a  few 
days  later,  on  28  May,  1679,  Thomas  Cholwell, 
M.A.,  was  instituted  rector.  See  the '  Bishop's 
Certificate,'  also  at  the  Record  Office.  In  the 
'Register  of  the  University  of  Oxford  '  (Oxf. 
Hist.  Soc.),  II.  ii.  354,  John  Chalkhill  is 
described  as  of  "Lond.,  gen.  f.";  and  in  the 
original  registers  at  Winchester  College  he 
was  entered,  on  his  admission  as  scholar,  as 
of  St.  Mary,  Oxford,  and  on  his  admission  as 
Fellow,  as  of  St.  Mary  Arches,  London.  This 
last  description  has  enabled  me,  I  think,  to 
ascertain  his  father's  name  ;  for  the  register 
of  St.  Mary-le-Bow  records  the  christenings, 
on  1  December,  1598,  of  John  Chalkhill,  son 
of  Humphry,  and  on  17  February,  1599/1600, 
of  Mary  Chalkhill,  daughter  of  Humphry.  It 
seems,  therefore,  that  MR.  GOODWIN  is  right 
in  now  withdrawing  his  former  suggestion 


that  he  was  the  son  of  "Ion  Chalkill"  ;  and 
also  that  an  answer  in  the  negative  must  be 
given  to  Mr.  Kirby's  inquiry  ('  Winchester 
bcholars,'  p.  164)  as  to  whether  he  was  son 
of  "  John  Chalkhill,  the  poet."  I  do  not 
know  whether  his  father  was  the  Humphry 
Chalkhill  who  was  member  of  the  Merchant 
Taylors'  Company  in  1603  (Clode's '  Memorials ' 
of  that  Company,  p.  593),  or  the  Humphry 
Chalkhill  whose  sons  George  and  Thomas 
were  christened  at  St.  Mary  Aldermary  in  1604 
and  1605  ('  Harl.  Soc.  Registers,'  vol.  v.  pp.  68, 
69).  My  search  in  the  Bow  Church  register 
was  limited  to  the  j'ears  1598  and  1599. 

John  Chalkhill,  the  Wykehamist,  was 
buried  "  in  materialls.of  sheep's  wooll  only," 
on  27  May,  1679  (College  Register  of  Burials) ; 
and  the  following  epitaph  in  white  paint 
(recently  renewed)  on  a  black  marble  tablet, 
with  an  ornamented  border  of  alabaster, 
still  adorns  the  south  wall  of  the  college 
cloisters  : — 

H.S.E. 

loan:  Chalkhill  A.M. 
Istius  Collegij  annos  46  socius, 

Vir  quoad  vixit, 

Solitudme  et  Silentio 

Temperantia  et  Castitate 

Orationibua  et  Eleemosynis 

Contemplatione  et  Sanctimonia 

Ascetis  vel  Primitivis  Par  ; 

Qui  cum  a  Parvulo 

In  Regnum  Coelorum  vim  fecisset 

Octagenarius  tandem  rapuit 

20  die  Maij  1679. 

A  charming  translation  of  this  beautiful 
epitaph*  was  supplied  by  the  late  Lionel 
Johnson  in  an  article  on  the  cloister  epitaphs 
which  appeared  in  The  Wykehamist  for 
March,  1890,  No.  252  :— 

Here  rests  John  Chalkhill,  years  two  score 

A  Fellow  here,  till  life  was  o'er  : 

Long  life,  of  chaste  and  sober  mood, 

Of  silence  and  of  solitude; 

Of  plenteous  alms,  of  plenteous  prayer, 

Of  sanctity,  and  inward  care : 

So  lived  the  Church's  early  fold  ; 

So  saintly  anchorites  of  old. 

A  little  child,  he  did  begin 

The  Heaven  of  Heavens  by  storm  to  win  : 

At  eighty  years  he  entered  in. 

In  the  same  article  Lionel  Johnson,  after 
stating  that  "  the  songs  in  Walton's  '  Com- 
pleat  Angler '  are  largely  ascribed  to "  this 
John  Chalkhill,  "as  well  as  the  longer  poem, 
'  Thealma  and  Clearchus,' "  pointed  out  the 
"  grave  difficulties "  in  the  way  of  such 
ascription  being  regarded  as  satisfactory, 


*  I  follow  Lionel  Johnson's  reading  of  it,  copied 
from  '  Inscriptiones  Wiccamicas,'  p.  24;  but  the 
inscription,  as  now  repainted,  certainly  has  quod 
instead  of  "  quoad  "  (1. 4)  and,  if  I  remember  rightly, 
viam  instead  of  "  vim  "  (I.  11). 


10'"  S.  III.  MARCH  25,  1905.]      NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


231 


seeing  that  Walton  called  his  friend  the  friend 
of  Edmund  Spenser,  who  died  on  16  Jan., 
1598,9.  (See  'D.N.B.,'ix.  437.)  Feeling  the 
force  of  these  difficulties,  I  do  not  intend 
here  to  suggest  that  the  Winchester  Fellow 
was  the  poet ;  but  as  that  suggestion  has 
sometimes  been  made,  the  account  here 
offered  of  his  career  may  be  of  some  benefit 
to  readers  who  are  interested  in  the  question, 
Who  was  John  Chalkhill,  the  poet  ?  H.  C. 

[A  will  of  Martha  Chalkhill,  of  which  probate 
was  granted  8  Dec.,  1620,  is  in  the  Prerogative 
Court  of  Canterbury,  in  the  Soanie  Register.  It 
supplies  information  as  to  Chalkhills,  Brownes,  &c. 
An  abstract  appears  in  Mr.  Lea's  volume  just 
issned  by  the  New  England  Historic  Genealogical 
Society,  Boston,  Mass.] 


THE  NAIL  AND  THE  CLOVE  (10th  S.  iii.  41, 
134). — I  am  much  obliged  to  Q.  V.  for  direct- 
ing my  attention  to  the  interesting  '  Archi- 
tectural History  of  Cambridge.'  It  seems  cer- 
tain that,  for  public  convenience,  a  standard 
foot- measure  was  fixed  in  old  St.  Paul's,  as 
it  is  now,  with  other  lineal  measures,  in  the 
floor  of  the  Guildhall  and  in  the  wall  on 
the  north  side  of  Trafalgar  Square.  The 
standards  in  the  latter  place  have  only  re- 
cently been  made  available  for  the  public ; 
up  to  a  few  months  ago  they  were  effectively 
guarded  from  view  by  a  row  of  benches, 
usually  occupied  by  the  foulest  class  of  the 
unemployed,  to  whom  the  square  appeared  to 
be  given  over  as  a  lounge.  The  removal  of 
these  benches  to  St.  Martin's  Churchyard 
has  been  a  great  improvement. 

As  to  the  number  of  stones  to  a  sack  of 
wool,  this  varied,  of  course,  with  the  size 
of  the  sack,  and  perhaps  with  the  local 
•weight  of  the  stone.  Thorold  Rogers's  figures 
do  not  seem  to  vary  much  from  the  statute 
sack  and  stone.  Under  Edward  III.  the 
sack  must,  by  statute,  "  weigh  no  more  than 
26  stones,  and  every  stone  to  weigh  14  Ib." 
This  established  the  weight  of  364  Ib.  to  the 
statute  sack.  Why  was  this  particular  weight 
ordered  ?  Here  we  must  look  back  to  the 
history  of  the  stone,  the  weight  of  two  nails 
or  cloves.  Our  ancient  stone  was  one  of  the 
full  sexdecimal  series  of  weights  in  which 
16  Ib.  made  a  stone  and  16  stones  a  wey 
{=  256  Ib.),  but  in  the  maritime  countries 
round  the  Baltic  and  extending  to  the  Norse 
parts  of  our  islands  the  series  was  : — 

The  skalpund,  the  Norse  and  Scottish 
pound,  equal  to  7,620  grains. 

The  lispund,  of  16  skalpunds,  still  extant 
in  Scotland  (see  '  O.E.D.'  and  '  E.D.D.'). 

The  skippund,  or  ship-pound,  of  20  lispunds 
or  320  skalpunds  =  357  Ib.  averdepois. 


The  Plantagenet  kings'  revenue  depending 
largely  on  export  duties  levied  on  wool,  the 
trade  in  this  produce  was  regulated  by 
statute,  and  the  unit  of  weight  would  natur- 
ally be  fixed  at  what  \vas  then  the  usual 
unit  of  freight  in  Northern  ports,  the  skip- 
pund.  The  number  of  stones  to  be  contained 
in  the  sack  weighed  at  the  king's  tron- 
balance  would  be  the  number  making  the 
nearest  weight  to  that  of  the  skippund. 
Accordingly,  when  Edward  I.  ordered  that 
the  stone  should  be  12|  Ib.,  the  eighth  of  the 
old  cental  hundredweight,  the  sack  of  wool 
was  then  to  contain  28  stones=350  Ib.  When 
Edward  III.  raised  the  hundredweight  to 
112  Ib.  and  the  stone  to  14  Ib  ,  then  the  sack 
was  to  be  26  stones=364  Ib.  The  one  weight 
was  7  Ib.  below  that  of  the  skippund,  the 
other  7  Ib.  above  it. 

But  there  does  not  seem  to  have  been 
anything  to  prevent  wool,  once  the  tax  on 
it  paid,  being  exported  in  sacks  of  other  than 
statute  weight  if  the  circumstances  of  ship- 
freight  changed.  And  apparently  they  did 
change,  and  the  ton  gradually  became  the 
cargo-unit,  an  abstract  unit  of  measurement. 
Now  in  Scotland  the  weight  of  the  sack  of 
wool  was  also  fixed  by  statute  for  fiscal 
reasons,  and  at  the  number  of  stones  which 
gave  the  nearest  weight  to  that  of  the  skip- 
pund. As  the  Scots  pound  was  much  heavier 
than  that  of  England,  24  was  the  number  of 
stones,  which  gives  a  weight  equal  to  365 
English  pounds.  Yet  we  see  by  Andrew 
Halyburton's  'Ledger'  that  the  sacks  of 
Scottish  wool  consigned  to  him  in  the  Nether- 
lands were  of  very  different  weights  from 
that  of  the  statute,  the  sack  being  six 
hundredweight  and  a  few  stones  or  nails 
over,  and  the  "  poke  "  four  to  five  hundred- 
weight. Then  tnere  was  the  "serplaith,"  as 
uncertain  in  weight  as  the  sack,  since  the 
Scottish  Customs  Roll  of  1612  says:  "Untill 
mair  perfitt  knawledge  be  haid  of  the  just 
quantitie  of  the  serplaith,  twa  tun  of  fraught 
to  be  comptit  to  the  sek  and  twa  sek  fraught 
to  the  serplaith." 

I  see  in  some  dictionaries  the  "sarpler" 
defined  as  10  hundredweight  or  80  stone  of 
wool,  the  serplaith  being  in  some  the  same 
weight,  in  others  20  hundredweight.  It  is 
probable  that,  just  as  the  poke  was  a  small 
sack,  the  sarpler  was  an  extra  large  one,  all 
being  trade  units  of  somewhat  variable 
weight.  EDWARD  NICHOLSON. 

Liverpool. 

Dr.  John  Harris,  Secretary  to  the  Royal 
Society,  in  his  '  Lexicon  Technicum ;  or, 
an  Universal  English  Dictionary  of  Arts 
and  Sciences' — vol.  i.  of  my  copy  of  the 


232 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [io<h  s.  in.  MARCH  25, 1905. 


second  edition  is  dated  1708,  and  vol.  ii., 
1710— not  only  defines  some  of  the  old  wool 
and  cheese  weights  mentioned  at  the  last 
reference,  but  gives  the  statutes  under  which 
they  were  authorized,  thus  : — 

"  Clove  is  a  Weight  of  Cheese  containing  the 
32nd  Part  of  the  Weigh  and  so  is  8  pound  by  the 
9th  Hy.  VI.  c.  8. 

"  Pesa,  pensa,  pisa  is  a  Wey  or  Weigh,  or  a 
certain  Weight  or  Measure  of  Cheese  and  Wool, 
containing  formerly  256  pounds. 

"Sack  of  Wool  is  a  determinate  quantity,  con- 
taining just  26  stone,  and  every  stone  is  14  pounds, 
by  14  Ed.  III.  Stat.  1.  c.  2.  But  in  Scotland  a  Sack 
is  24  Stone  and  each  Stone  contains  16  Pounds, 

"  Sarpler,  otherwise  called  a  Pocket,  is  a  half  Sack 
of  Wooll,  a  Sack  is  80  Tod,  a  Tod  2  Stone  and 
a  Stone  14  pounds.  This  in  Scotland  is  called 
Serpliath,  and  contains  80  Stone. 

"  Tod  of  Wpoll,  is  a  Weight  mentioned  in  12l  Car. 
Cap.  23_  containing  28  pound  or  2  Stone  weight. 

"Weigh  of  Cheese,  Wool,  &c.,  Waga,  alias 
Vaga,  is  256  Pound  Weight,  Averdupoize,  for  by 
9  Hy.  VI.  c.  8.  a  weigh  of  Cheese  ought  to  contain 
32  Cloves,  and  each  Clove  8  pound,  tho'  some  say 
but  7." 

Under  other  weights  the  following  author- 
izing statutes,  51  Hy.  III.,  31  Edw.  I.,  and 
12  Hy.  VII.,  are  mentioned,  but  no  chapters 
are  quoted  by  Dr.  Harris. 

G.  YARROW  BALDOCK. 

FATHER  PAUL  SARPI  IN  EARLY  ENGLISH 
LITERATURE  (10th  S3.  iii.  44,  84,  144).— The 
above  articles  have  called  to  my  notice  a 
pamphlet  of  89  pp.,  with  the  following  title- 
page  :— 

"A  Declaration  of  the  Variance  betweene  the 
Pope,  and  the  Segniory  of  Venice,  with  the  pro- 
ceedings and  present  state  thereof.  Whereunto  is 
annexed  a  Defence  of  the  Venetians,  written  by  an 
Italian  doctor  of  Divinitie,  Against  the  Censure  of 
Paulus  Quintus,  prooving  the  Nullitie  thereof  by 
Holy  Scriptures,  Canons,  and  Catholique  Doctors. 
Anno  Dom.  1606." 

8vo,  without  printer's  name  or  place  of  pub- 
lication. The  account  of  the  part  played  by 
Father  Sarpi  begins  on  p.  28  : — 

"  It  is  strange  to  see  what  sundry  sorts  of  gybing 
and  biting  Pasquils  were  let  fly  abroad  in  derision 
of  his  Holinesse.  But,  amongst  the  workes  Apolo- 
geticall  sagely  and  iudiciously  written.  Frier  Paulo 
hath  in  a  set  Treatise  composed  by  him,  not  onely 
defended  the  Venetians  from  this  Excommunication 
and  demands,  but  also  in  many  points  lessened  the 
Authoritie  of  the  Pope,  by  sound  allegations,  and 
by  the  proofe  of  privileges  appertaining  of  right 
and  in  dignity  unto  the  State:  whom  it  is  said 
that  this  Commonwealth  hath  rewarded  for  his 
labour  with  a  good  pension  yeerely  during  life.  And 
I  have  likewise  met  with  another  intelligence, 
That  there  is  on  the  other  side  made  out  a  secret 
processe  against  him,  by  the  Church,  for  his  infide- 
litie  and  treachery  therein.  Nay,  a  later  newes 
hath  here  arrived,  That  this  Frier  Paido  hath 
bene  since  solemnly  (by  his  image  or  picture) 
burned  at  Rome,  and  reproehed  also  by  a  scorne« 


full  appellation  of  a  mezo  Lutherano;  such  and  so 
hote  a  fire  of  the  Popes  wrath,  hath  blazed  foorth 
against  him.  But  the  Venetians,  on  the  other 
side,  (to  upholde  him  in  comfort,  and  make  him 
amends  in  glory,)  have  out  of  their  grace  and  con- 
templation of  his  well  deserving,  dignified  him 
with  a  better  chosen  title  of  Theologo  detifftutto  ; 
Expressing  thereby  the  nature  of  his  merite  to 
have  beene  this,  Even  the  opening  unto  their 
darkened  understandings,  some  necessary  trueths 
in  Divinitie,  tending  to  the  discovery  of  the  false 
pretences  of  the  Romish  Supremacie.  This  high 
Attribute,  from  so  ludicious  and  Illustrious  a 
Senate,  is  (in  the  stead  of  his  image  reported  to 
have  beene  consumed  with  flames)  like  to  a  goodly 
or  gilded  statue,  which  shall  preserve  his  name 
and  memory,  in  all  succeeding  times." 

W.  R.  B.  PRIDEAUX. 

WALL  :  MARTIN  (10th  S.  ii.  309).— I  am  not 
able  to  answer  the  query  by  the  REV.  EDWIN 
S.  CRANE.  Was  the  mother  of  Mary  Brilliana 
(Martin)  Mary,  daughter  of  Edmund  BrayT 
M.D.,  by  Brilliana  his  wife,  daughter  of 
Alexander  Popham,  of  Tewkesbury  and 
Bourton-on-the-Hill,  both  Gloucestershire, 
by  Brilliana  his  wife,  daughter  of  Sir 
Edward  Harley,  whose  father,  Sir  Robert 
Harley,  of  Brampton  Bryan,  Herefordshire, 
married  22  July,  1623,  Brilliana,  daughter  of 
Edward,  Lord  Con  way  ?  I  am  much  interested 
in  Wall  of  Faintree,  in  the  parish  of  Chetton, 
near  Bridgnorth,  Shropshire,  and  of  Leomin- 
ster  and  Kingsland,  both  Herefordshire  (see 
'Visitation  of  Shropshire,'  1623,  Harleian 
Publication,  and  'Visitation  of  Hereforshire,' 
1569,  edited  by  the  late  Rev.  F.  W.  Weaver). 
Col.  John  Wall's  father  was  John  Wall,  M.D., 
of  Worcester,  at  one  time  Fellow  of  Merton 
College,  Oxford.  He  married  in  1740 
Catharine,  youngest  daughter  of  Martin 
Sandys  (he  died  17  January,  1753,  aged 
eighty),  of  Worcester,  barrister-at-law,  uncle 
of  the  first  Lord  Sandys,  of  Ombersley, 
Worcestershire.  Col.  John  Wall's  paternal 
grandfather  was  another  John  Wall,  Mayor 
of  Worcester  1703,  who  was  probably  the 
Alderman  Wall  buried  at  Powick  in  1734. 
He  is  stated  in  Green's  'History  of 
Worcester'  to  have  been  descended  from  a 
good  family  near  the  Leominster  already 
referred  to.  Can  any  correspondent  kindly 
give  his  parentage  and  say  whom  he  married, 
and  state  when  his  wife  died  and  where  she 
was  buried  1  In  the  '  Visitation  of  Hereford- 
shire '  in  1683  there  is  a  John  Wall  (baptized 
at  Kingsland,  28  December,  1662),  third  son 
of  Henry  Wall  (administration  at  Hereford, 
18  May,  1676),  of  Kingsland,  by  his  second 
wife,  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Henry 
Philley,  rector  of  Croft,  Herefordshire  ;  and 
in  the  same  '  Visitation '  there  is  another 
John  Wall,  son  of  Richard  Wall,  of  Madley, 


10*  S.  III.  MARCH  23,  1905.]      NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


233 


Herefordshire,  and  grandson  of  Walter  Wall 
or  Walle,  Mayor  of  Hereford  1634. 

REGINALD  STEWART  BODDINGTON. 
Worthing. 

TRANSLATIONS  OF  DOMESDAY  (10th  S.  iii. 
167). — Messrs.  Vacher  «fc  Sons  do  not  seem  to 
have  printed  any  translation  of  the  portion 
of  Domesday  Book  relating  to  Notts.  Q.  V. 
and  others  interested  in  this  subject  will  do 
well  to  make  a  note  of  the  series  of  trans- 
lations of  Domesday  now  appearing  in  the 
"  Victoria  County  Histories."  Not  only  are 
the  translations  and  identifications  carried 
out  on  the  most  approved  historical  methods, 
but  the  introductory  essays  throw  great 
light  on  the  difficult  points  of  the  record. 
The  first  volume  for  Notts  is  not  yet  issued, 
but  is  not  likely  to  be  long  delayed.  S. 

Messrs.  Vacher  &  Sons  published  about 
1862  the  extension  and  translation  of  Domes- 
day for  Middlesex  and  Surrey,  and  extension 
only  of  Cornwall,  to  accompany  the  photo- 
zincographed  facsimiles  issued  by  the  Ord- 
nance Survey  Office;  but  the  scheme  was 
not  sufficiently  supported,  and  no  more  was 
done  by  them.  The  facsimiles  were  issued 
separately  for  each  of  the  counties  mentioned 
in  the  original  Domesday,  and  it  is  a  great 
pity  that  extensions  and  translations  have 
not  been  done  for  every  county,  with  full 
indexes. 

Most  of  the  counties  have  some  sort  of 
translation  or  extension  or  analysis,  either 
as  a  separate  work  or  embodied  (embedded 
would  be  a  better  word)  in  the  history  of 
the  county;  but  they  are  not  systematically 
done,  each  translator  taking  his  own  line. 
Very  few  have  any  index  of  places  or  persons. 

Berks,  Stafford,  and  Suffolk  have  only  the 
facsimiles  ;  and  Notts,  about  which  Q.  V. 
particularly  asks,  has  only  a  translation  by 
the  Rev.  W.  Bawd  wen,  issued  in  1809  in  his 
'  Dom  Boc.' 

I  have  a  pretty  full  list  of  what  has 
appeared  for  every  county,  and  it  would 
give  me  much  pleasure  to  assist  in  making 
a  proper  extension  and  translation  for  those 
counties  still  requiring  them  to  accompany  the 
photo-zinco  facsimile,  and  provide  adequate 
indexes  of  every  place  and  person  mentioned. 

A  Domesday  Record  Society  was  inaugu- 
rated at  the  commemoration  in  1886  ;  but  I 
do  not  know  if  anything  was  ever  done 
by  it.  E.  A.  FRY. 

172,  Edmund  Street,  Birmingham. 

ZEMSTVO  (10th  S.  iii.  185).— In  refuting 
a  frequent  error  about  the  Russian  Zemstvo 
I  regret  to  have  made  myself  a  mis- 


take which  ought  to  be  amended  without 
delay.  Dai's  'Slovar;  or,  Dictionary  of 
Spoken  Russian,'  both  in  its  third  edition  of 
1880  and  in  the  new  one  which  is  in  progress, 
contains,  indeed,  the  comparatively  recent 
term  Zemstvo,  which  had  escaped  there  my 
notice.  It  is  defined  in  Russian  as  the- 
"  population  of  a  district  which  contributes- 
to  its  local  rates  and  taxes."  H.  K. 

LUCAS  FAMILIES  (10th  S.  iii.  168).— Perhaps 
MR.  PERCEVAL  LUCAS  will  like  to  know  of 
the  following  : — 

1.  John    Seymour   Lucas,  R.A.,   of   New- 
Place,  Woodchurch  Road,  N.W. 

2.  F.  L.  Lucas,  of  Trinity  College,  Cam- 
bridge, President  of  the  Cambridge  Union, 
Lent  Term,  1883.   He  was  bracketed  with  me 
in  the  Mathematical  Tripos  of  1882  ;  I  do 
not  know  where  he  is  now. 

3.  A.  W.  Lucas,  F.G.S.,  of  Queen's  Park, 
Chester,  Head  Master  of  the  Wesleyan  School 
there,  and  President  of  the  Geological  Section 
of  the  Chester  Society  of  Natural  Science, 
Literature,    and   Art,   founded    by   Charles 
Kingsley  in  1871. 

T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 
Lancaster. 

An  old  deed  in  my  possession,  dated  5  Feb- 
ruary, 1576,  gives  curious  details  of  a  trial 
between  George  Lucas  and  Elizabeth  his 
wife  (complainants)  and  Edward  Tyldesley 
(defendant)  concerning  a  dispute  about  lands 
and  tenements  at  Entwistle,  Lanes.  The  great 
Palatine  seal  is  attached.  W.  JAGGARD. 

1S9,  Canning  Street,  Liverpool. 

BIDDING  PRAYER  (10th  S.  iii.  168).  —  A 
"  Bidding  Prayer "  is  given  in  Canon  55, 
"  to  be  used  by  all  Preachers  before  their 

Sermons in  this  form,  or  to  this  effect." 

It  is  quite  possible  that  Oxford  has  retained, 
or  revived,  a  pre-  Reformation  form.  Blunt's 
'  Annotated  Prayer-Book  '  gives  the  following 
references  for  information  on  the  subject : 
" '  Liber  Festivalis,'  L'Estrange's  '  Alliance 
of  Div.  Offices,'  MaskelPs  'Mon.  Rit.,'  iii.  342, 
Coxe's  '  Forms  of  Bidding  Prayer,  with  .In- 
troduction and  Notes,'  1840." 

ERNEST  B.  SAVAGE. 

St.  Thomas,  Douglas. 

The  later  forms  used  in  England  are  based 
upon  the  ancient  forms  printed  in  '  York 
Manual,'  &c.  (Surtees  Soc.),  pp.  123,  21 9*- 26*, 
and  referred  to  p.  134.  J.  T.  F. 

I  venture  to  suggest  to  SOMERVILLE  that 
(whatever  his  "doxy  ")  the  last  ten  words  of 
his  query  introduce  theological  questions 
unsuited  to  the  columns  of  'N.  &,  Q.'  His 
question  may  be  answered  by  reference  to 


234 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [io*  s.  HI.  MARCH  25,  HOB. 


Forms  of  Bidding  Prayer,  with  Introduction 
«,nd  Notes,'  by  Henry  Octavius  Coxe  (Oxford, 
Parker,  1840).  Q.  V. 

The  Rev.  F.  G.  Lee,  in  his  'Glossary  of 
Liturgical  and  Ecclesiastical  Terras,'  1877, 
says  it  is  "  a  form  of  prayer  ordered  to  be 
used  by  authority  of  the  fiftieth  canon  of  the 
Heformed  Church  of  England,  before  all 
sermons  which  are  preached  apart  from,  and 
independent  of,  the  daily  service  or  Holy 
Communion."  See  also  2nd  S.  xi.  153 ;  3rd  S. 
vii.  152,  391.  EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

[W.  C.  B.,  MR.  F.  A.  RUSSELL,  and  L.  R.  M.  S. 
also  thanked  for  replies.] 

HOLBORN  (10th  S.  ii.  308,  392,  457,  493 ;  iii. 
56). — In  making  some  notes  on  'Roderick 
Random'  for  a  Prague  professor  lately,  I 
oame  across  the  once  famous — or  infamous 
— "  Hockley-in-the-Hole,"  marshy  ground 
in  proximity  to  the  Fleet  River  (vide 
4  History  of  ClerkenwelP). 

FRANCIS  P.  MARCHANT. 

Streatham  Common. 

BACON  OR  USHER  ?  (10th  S.  ii.  407,  471 ;  iii. 
94,  155.)— In  answer  to  MR.  WILSON'S  inquiry 
as  to  the  authorship  of  Bacon's  epitaph  in 
St  Michael's  Church,  St.  Albans,  its  attribu- 
tion to  Sir  Henry  Wotton  is  due  to  the 
remark  of  John  Aubrey  in  his  description  of 
Bacon's  tomb :  "  Underneath  is  this  inscrip- 
tion, which  they  say  was  made  by  his  friend 
Sir  Henry  Wotton  "  (Aubrey's  '  Brief  Lives,' 
Oxford,  1898,  vol.  i.  p.  76).  Prof.  Gardiner 
ascribes  this  epitaph  to  Wotton  ('  History,' 
vol.  vi.  p.  121),  probably  on  Aubrey's 
authority.  L.  P.  S. 

May  I  ask  MR.  WILSON  to  give  his  reason 
for  believing  that  the  inscription  on  Bacon's 
monument  in  St.  Michael's  Church,  St. 
Albans,  was  written  by  Sir  Thomas  Meautys  1 
As  this  is  the  first  time  I  have  seen  such  a 
statement  made,  I  am  naturally  curious  to 
learn  its  genesis. 

I  have  searched  every  book  I  can  lay  hands 
on  in  my  own  library  containing  any  refer- 
ence to  the  monument,  and  in  each  and  all 
Sir  Thomas  Meautys  is  credited  with  erecting 
the  monument,  and  Sir  Henry  Wotton  with 
writing  the  inscription.  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

HERIOT  (10th  S.  iii.  142).— In  1659  Roger 
Kenion,  of  Peele,  co.  Lancaster,  gent.,  leased 
to  Thomas  Hornby,  of  Goosnargh,  tailor,  a 
•cottage  and  two  closes  at  Goosnargh,  for  the 
life  of  the  said  Thomas,  and  of  Thomas  and 
Edmund  his  sons,  and  the  survivor  of  them, 


the  rent  to  be  2s.  a  year,  one  day  boon- 
shearing  in  harvest  (or  (5d.  instead),  one  boon- 
hen  on  St.  Thomas's  Day  (or  Gd.  instead),  and 
20s.  "in  lieu  of  an  herriott"  on  the  death  of 
every  tenant.  In  some  of  the  Yorkshire 
manors  the  heir  of  a  tenant  on  succeeding 
has  to  pay  an  heriot  on  his  admission,  and  is 
said  to  "  heriot "  the  estate,  and  the  copy  of 
the  court-roll  is  called  the  "  heriot  copy." 
Thus,  in  the  manor  of  Wakefield,  in 
25  Charles  II.,  Francis  Nevile,  Esq.,  son  and 
next  heir  of  Sandford  Nevile,  Esq.,  "harriotts" 
all  the  copyhold  lands  which  late  were  his 
father's  ;  and  in  29  Charles  II.  Jonathan,  son 
and  heir  of  John  Bever,  receives  his  "  heriot 
admission  "  to  his  father's  lands  at  New  Mil n 
Dam,  in  the  graveship  of  Sandal.  Again,  in 
1  Queen  Anne,  Maurice  Kaye,  son  and  heir 
of  John  Kaye,  deceased,  obtains  his  "  heriot 
copy  "  respecting  houses  and  shops  in  Wake- 
field.  In  the  manor  of  Temple  Newsam,  1737, 
Robert  Hopkinson  obtains  a  similar  "heriot 
copy  "  of  his  deceased  father's  copyhold  lands 
in  Hal  ton.  In  1752,  in  the  manor  of  Wake- 
field,  Elizabeth  and  Mary,  daughters  and 
heirs  of  the  above-named  Robert  Hopkinson, 
gave  to  the  lord  a  fine  of  ll.  14s.  lO^d.  for 
"licence  of  herriotiug "  their  father's  lands. 
I  give  these  instances  from  original  docu- 
ments. Doubtless  the  custom  still  holds. 

W.  C.  B. 

THEATRE-BUILDING  (10th  S.  ii.  328,  432).— 
There  is  a  copy  of  Chiaramonte's  book  in  the 
Konigliche  Bibliothek  at  Berlin,  press-mark 
Ny.  10128.  A  general  catalogue  of  all  the 
Prussian  libraries  is  being  prepared,  and 
meanwhile  the  Geschaftsstelle  des  Gesamt- 
katalogs,  Berlin  N.W.  7,  Dorotheenstr.  5, 
answers,  for  a  nominal  charge,  inquiries  as 
to  the  whereabouts  of  books  in  these  col- 
lections. With  the  above  exception  neither 
of  the  books  sought  for  is  at  any  of  the 
Prussian  libraries,  nor,  as  I  am  informed  in 
answer  to  direct  inquiries,  at  the  great 
libraries  of  Munich  (Universitatsbibliothek, 
Hofbibliothek)  and  Darmstadt  (Hofbiblio- 
thek).  L.  R.  M.  STRACHAN. 

Heidelberg,  Germany. 

ANCHORITES'  DENS  (10th  S.  iii.  128).— There 
is  a  good  example  of  one  of  these  dens 
between  the  grand  old  Norman  church  of 
St.  John  the  Baptist  and  the  river  Dee,  at 
Chester.  It  is  called  locally  "The  Ancho- 
rite's Cell,"  and  was  probably  an  outbuilding 
of  the  adjoining  church.  It  is  built  on  the 
sandstone  rock  at  a  considerable  height,  and 
originally  the  river  probably  washed  to  the 
foot  of  the  rock.  There  is  a  curious  legend 
that  King  Harold  was  not  killed  at  the 


10*8.  HI.  MARCH  25,  1905.]     NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


235 


T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 


battle  of  Hastings,  but  came  and  resided  in 
this  cell  as  a  hermit  till  his  death. 

My  late  father,  Thomas  Hughes,  F.S.A.,  in 
his  'Stranger's  Guide  to  Chester'  (1857), 
writes  : — 

"  Moving  along  to  the  eastward,  we  see  a  curious 
old  house  crowning  the  edge  of  the  cliff  on  the  left 
and  known  as  the  'Anchorite's  Cell.'  Here  it  is 
traditionally  affirmed  that  King  Harold,  merely 
wounded,  not  killed,  at  the  battle  of  Hastings,  was 
conveyed  by  his  friends  and  lived  the  life  of  a 
hermit  for  several  years." 

There  is  an  ancient  plan  of  St.  John's  Church 
in  the  Harleian  MSS.  representing  its  state 
before  1470.  In  his  recent  book  on  '  Chester, 
in  Methuen's  "Old  English  Towns  Series,' 
Mr.  Bertram  Windle  writes  :— 

"  The  plan  above  alluded  to  shows  that  there 
were  two  cells  for  anchorites  near  St.  John's 
Church,  and  the  block  of  stone  on  which  one  oi 
them  is  perched  still  remains." 

In  the  handbook  on  '  Chester '  issued  last 
year  "  under  the  authority  of  the  Corpora- 
tion "  it  is  stated  : — 

"To  the  south,  on  a  pillar  of  rock,  stands  an 
anchorite's  cell  of  great  antiquity,  known  as  '  The 
Hermitage.'" 

Lancaster. 

A  list  of  "Anchorites'  Dens"  in  England 
•will  be  found  in  Bloxam's  'Principles  of 
Gothic  Architecture,' eleventh  edition,  vol.  ii. 
pp.  163-85.  ANDREW  OLIVER. 

QUARTERSTAVES   (10th  S.  in.  165).— It  Seems 

extremely  improbable  that  quarterstaves 
should  be  regulated  in  size  and  price  by 
statute.  And  it  is  still  more  unlikely  that 
(were  that  granted)  the  deplorably  inadequate 
'Indexes  to  the  Statutes  of  the  Realm' 
would  direct  any  one  to  the  enactment 
required.  The  splendid  indexes  in  the  last 
volume  of  the  '  Acts  of  the  Parliaments  of 
Scotland'  make  the  student  of  English 
history  envy  his  brethren  over  the  Border. 
The  price  of  the  quarterstaff  used  by  Henry 
Randall  is  stated  in  order  to  comply  with 
the  requirements  of  the  common  law,  and  not 
to  ascertain  the  size  of  the  weapon.  If  Miss 
LEGA-WEEKES  will  refer  to  the  appendix  to 
MilT'j.  B'ackstone's  'Commentaries,'  she 
wUl  find  in  the  form  of  indictment  that  "  the 
said  Peter  Hunt  with  a  certain  drawn  sword 
made  of  iron  and  steel,  of  the  value  of  five 

shillings him  the  said  Samuel  Collins 

did  strike,  thrust,  stab,  and  penetrate."  It 
was,  I  believe  only  on  7  August,  1851,  that 
the  technical  obligation  to  state  the  price  of 
the  weapon  used  was  finally  abolished  Bv 
section  24  of  statute  14  &  15  Viet.,  c.  100,  it 
is  provided  :— 


"  No    indictment   for   any  offence  shall  be  held 

insufficient for  want  of  the  statement  of   the 

value  or  price  of  any  matter  or  thing." 

It  would  be  interesting  to  know  how  long  the 
common-law  requirement  was  maintained  in 
the  United  States,  and  what  other  systems 
of  law  insisted  on  ascertaining  the  price  of 
what  proved  (or  was  intended  to  be)  the  lethal 
weapon  ;  and  whether  the  practice  still 
survives  in  any  of  them.*  Q.  V. 

PENNY  WARES  WANTED  (10th  S.  ii.  369,415' 
456  ;  iii.  16,  98). — I  have  just  come  across  the 
following  in  Mrs.  Raffald's  'Cookery  Book' 
(1807):  in  the  receipt  'To Roast  Woodcocks  or 
Snipes,'  "toast  a  few  slices  of  a  penny-loaf  "; 
in  the  receipt  'To  Roast  a  Hare,'  "make  your 
pudding  of  the  crumb  of  a  penny-loaf" ;  and 
in  the  receipt  'To  Roast  Larks'  is  the  follow- 
ing :  "  take  the  crumbs  of  a  halfpenny-loaf." 
ERNEST  B.  SAVAGE. 

St.  Thomas,  Douglas. 

"VINE"  INN,  HIGHGATE  ROAD  (10thS.  ii- 
327,  433). — This  ancient  hostelry  still  exists, 
as  MR.  J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL  may  see 
for  himself  if  he  will  take  a  walk  along 
the  Highgate  Road.  It  has  been  rebuilt  of 
late  years,  and  I  believe  that  the  rude  hands 
of  the  licensing  justices  have  not  been  laid 
upon  it.  It  lies  about  fifty  feet  back  from 
the  roadway,  and  adjacent  to  it  is  another 
hostelry  known  as  "The  Woodman." 

R.  B.  P. 

SAXTON  FAMILY  OF  SAXTON,  co.  YORK 
(10th  S.  iii.  129,  175).  —Of  course  COL. 
PRIDEAUX  is  right  is  saying  that  Saxton 
meant  "Seaxa's  town."  There  is  another 
Saxton  in  Cambridgeshire,  which  I  explained 
in  the  same  way  in  1901. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

HERALDIC  MOTTOES  (10th  S.  iii.  49,92,111).— 
As  one  who  corresponded  with  Mr.  C.N.  Elvin 
on  this  subject,  I  am  interested  in  C.  S.'s 
proposal  to  undertake  a  new  edition  of  the 
Handbook  of  Mottoes,'  1860.  Mr.  Elvin 
wrote  to  me  in  1867  that  he  had  an  immense 
number  of  additional  mottoes,  but  did  not  then 
see  his  way  to  publishing  a  second  edition ; 
and  he  does  not  seem  to  have  done  so,  his 
only  other  publication,  so  far  as  I  know,  being 
Anecdotes  of  Heraldry  '  (Bell  &  Daldy,  1864). 
Some  of  his  relations  may  still  be  living  at 
ast  Dereham,  and  might  be  communicated 
with. 

The  only  other  collection  of  mottoes  with 
which  I  am  acquainted,  beyond  those  in  the 


Oue  of  the  latest  English  cases  on  the  subject 
s  Reg.  r.  Polwart  (Trin.  1841),  reported  in  '  Queen's 
3ench  Reports  '  (N.S.),  vol.  i.  818  sqq. 


236 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,  [lo*  s.  in.  MARCH  25, 1905. 


peerages  and  in  Burke's  '  General  Armory,' 
is  that  at  the  end  of  Fairbairn's  'Book  of 
Crests'  (2  vols.,  Edinburgh,  Inglis  &  Jack, 
n.d.).  There  would  certainly  seem  to  be 
room  for  a  new  and  revised  'Handbook,'  to 
which  I  would  willingly  contribute  my  own 
manuscript  additions  to  Mr.  Elvin's  book, 
made  during  the  last  forty  years. 

Many  of  the  translations,  both  in  Fair- 
bairn's  and  Elvin's  collections,  require  con- 
siderable revision.  For  instance,  Fairbairn's 
rendering  of  the  Dymoke  motto,  "Pro  rege 
dimico " — with  its  obvious  allusion  to  the 
name  of  the  family,  as  well  as  to  the  ancient 
office  of  King's  Champion  held  by  them — is 
the  meaningless  sentence  "For  King  Dimicus." 
Elvin  gives  the  correct  rendering,  "  I  fight 
for  the  king  " ;  but  he  very  inadequately  trans- 
lates the  Hewett  motto,  "  Ne  te  qusesiveris 
extra,"  by  the  words,  copied  from  other 
sources,  "  Seek  nothing  beyond  your  sphere," 
and  illustrates  it  by  the  Shakespearian  quo- 
tation, "Let  none  presume  to  wear  an  un- 
deserved dignity,"  which  has  absolutely 
nothing  to  do  with  the  sense.  The  idea  is 
that  of  Aristotle's  self-reliant  man — avrdpKi^ 
— not  needing  assistance  from  others.  In  its 
Latin  form  it  occurs  in  Persius,  Satire  i.  7, 
splendidly  rendered  by  Dryden,  "Seek  not 
thyself  without  thyself  to  find,"  and  is  known 
to  readers  of  Boswell  as  the  handsome  com- 
pliment paid  by  Dr.  Johnson  to  Goldsmith, 
•when  the  latter  complained  of  his  poor 
accommodation  :  "  Nay,  sir,  never  mind  that. 
Nil  te  qusesiveris  extra"  (Boswell,  'Life,' 
anno  1780). 

I  fear  I  have  wandered  somewhat  from  my 
subject ;  but  perhaps  my  garrulousness  may 
serve  to  show  what  a  really  interesting  book 
might  be  compiled  on  the  apparently  dry 
subject  of  heraldic  mottoes. 

J.  A.  HEWITT,  Canon. 

The  Rectory,  Cradock,  South  Africa. 

WEDDING-RING  FINGER  (10th  S.  ii.  508).— 
This  ^finger,  being  used  for  tasting  and 
touching  by  the  pristine  "  leeches,"  was 
known  as  "letchman."  MEDICULUS. 

CHRISTMAS  CUSTOM  IN  SOMERSETSHIRE 
(10th  S.  iii.  86).— The  paragraph  quoted  by 
MR.  HARRY  HEMS  gives  but  a  vague  idea  of 
the  prevalence  of  the  custom  referred  to. 
The  burning  of  the  ashen  faggot  is  very 
common  at  farmhouses  and  other  residences 
in  Somerset,  as  well  as  at  inns ;  and  is  usually 
a  feature  of  family  and  social  gatherings  on 
Christmas  Eve.  While  the  faggot  burns  old 
songs  are  sung  and  old  tales  are  told,  for  old 
and  young  are  generally  in  the  happiest  of 
moods  on  such  occasions.  In  houses  where 


it  is  still  possible  to  burn  a  large  faggot  on 
the  hearth,  the  sticks  are  held  together  by  a 
chain,  but  they  are  also  bound  round  with 
hazel  withes.  As  the  latter  snap  cups  and 
glasses  are  refilled,  healths  are  drunk,  and 
there  is  much  fun  and  merry-making. 

In  the  early  part  of  last  century  an  Ashen 
Faggot  Ball  was  one  of  the  leading  functions 
of  the  year  in  the  county  town.  C.  T. 

There  was  a  widely  spread  belief,  which 
survives  to  a  greater  extent  than  is  generally 
known,  that  the  ash  was  the  tree  from  which 
the  cross  upon  which  our  Saviour  suffered 
was  made— a  belief  aided,  no  doubt,  by  the 
fact  of  that  wood  burning  well  and  slowly  in 
comparison  with  the  wood  of  other  trees.  I 
think  that  it  was  also  burnt  on  Good  Friday 
for  the  same  reason.  The  belief,  however, 
can  have  no  foundation  in  fact,  for  our  ash- 
tree  does  not,  and  cannot,  grow  in  Arabia 
and  Palestine  ('  Penny  Cyclop.,'  x.  454),  and 
it  is  not  at  all  likely  that  the  wood  of  the 
ash  was  especially  imported  for  the  penalty 
of  crucifixion. 

The  following  is  quoted  in  Brand's  '  Anti- 
quities'  from  'Christmas,'  a  poem  by 
Romaine  Joseph  Thorn,  1795.  The  nine 
bandages  seem  to  have  some  reference  to 
the  binding  of  the  Great  Sacrifice  : — 

Thy  welcome  Eve,  lov'd  Christmas,  now  arrived, 

The  parish  bells  their  tuneful  peals  resound, 

And  mirth  and  gladness  every  breast  pervade. 

The  pond'rous  ashen  faggot  from  the  yard 

The  jolly  farmer  to  his  crowded  hall 

Conveys  with  speed  ;  where  on  the  rising  flames 

(Already  fed  with  store  of  massy  brands) 

It  blazes  soon  ;  nine  bandages  it  bears. 

And  as  they  each  disjoin  (so  custom  wills), 

A  mighty  jug  of  sparkling  cyder's  brought, 

With  brandy  mixt,  to  elevate  the  guests. 

J.   HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

CHARLES  I.  IN  SPAIN  (10th  S.  iii.  48,  131).— 
Try  '  The  Spanish  Match  ;  or,  Charles  Stuart 
at  Madrid,'  by  W.  Harrison  Ainsworth. 

F.  E.  R.  POLLARD-URQUHART. 

Castle  Pollard,  Westmeath. 

My  suggestion  that  "D.Antonio  el  Ingles" 
might  be  Archie  Armstrong  was  as  bad  as 
it  was  bold.  I  have  been  looking  up  the 
subject,  and  find  no  reason  to  suppose  that 
Archibald  was  a  dwarf.  ST.  S  WITHIN. 

THE  EGYPTIAN  HALL,  PICCADILLY  (10th  S. 
iii.  163).— It  was  hardly  to  be  expected  that 
MR.  W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY'S  excellent  note 
would  provide  a  complete  list  of  the  enter- 
tainments at  this  hall,  but  he  has  omitted 
reference  to  several  noteworthy  exhibi- 
tions ;  for  example,  the  Museum  Napoleon, 
1817  -  19  ;  Napoleon's  Military  Carriage, 


10'"  S.  III.  MARCH  25,  1905.]      NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


237 


1816-19  ;  the  Napoleon  Museum  of  Mr.  John 
Sainsbury,  1843-4,  sold  by  Sothebys,  Feb- 
ruary, 1865;  and  Capt.  Siborne's  model  of 
Waterloo,  exhibited  1845,  now  in  the  United 
Service  Museum. 

I  venture  also  to  correct  some  of  the  dates 
he  gives  for  various  exhibitions.  General 
Tom  Thumb  was  first  exhibited  in  1844, 
not  1846;  Catlin's  North  American  Gallery 
opened  1840,  not  1841  ;  Banvard's  Diorama 
not  until  1848  ;  and  Albert  Smith's  entertain- 
ment 'To  China  and  Back'  was  first  given 
in  1859.  It  is  of  interest  to  note  that 
William  Bullock,  for  whom  it  was  built, 
called  this  " the  Egyptian  Temple"  and  not 
until  many  years  later  is  it  referred  to  as 
the  Egyptian  Hall. 

I  shall  be  very  pleased  to  show  MR. 
HARLAND-OXLEY,  or  any  reader  interested, 
a  small  collection  of  exhibition  and  sale 
catalogues  relating  to  this  building. 

ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

39,  Hillmarton  Road,  N. 

To  MR.  HARLAND-OXLEY'S  list  of  attrac- 
tions at  this  now  vanishing  place  of  amuse- 
ment I  would  add  one  which,  as  a  boy,  much 
impressed  me.  This  was  the  appearance  of 
a  German  entertainer,  who  contrived,  by 
means  of  a  surprisingly  flexible  countenance, 
upon  which  a  strong  light  was  thrown,  to 
depict  many  varied  human  emotions,  from 
grave  to  gay.  I  think  for  the  purpose  he 
fitted  his  face  into  a  sort  of  frame.  Certainly 
his  performance  was  so  curious  and,  as  we  con- 
sidered, unique,  that  it  secured  our  unstinted 
patronage.  Our  visits  must  have  been  paid 
about  the  years  1862  or  1863.  But  I  cannot 
recollect  the  name  of  this  remarkable  facial 
contortionist.  CECIL  CLARKE. 

Junior  Athenajum  Club. 

"  SARUM  "  (10th  S.  ii.  445,  496 ;  iii.  37,  75, 
197). — What  I  said  at  the  second  reference 
was  that  a  fourteenth-century  scribe  who 
wrote  /StorCwith  a  stroke  through  the  tail  of 
the  ?•)  would  mean  Sarum ;  and,  in  fact,  I 
believe  that  the  use  of  that  particular  con- 
traction at  the  end  of  a  word,  as  equivalent  to 
'•rum,  was  throughout  that  century  fixed  and 
exclusive.  Consequently,  it  seemed  unfair  to 
speak  of  a  fourteenth-century  writer's  use  of 
the  form  Sarum  as  a  delusion  arising  from 
a  misunderstanding  of  the  meaning  of  the 
contraction. 

That  the  form  Sarum  is  unmeaning  and 
erroneous  I  do  not  think  of  denying  ;  but,  if 
its  incorrectness  is  notorious,  its  origin  is 
not.  It  may,  as  Q.  V.  seems  to  suggest,  have 
arisen  through  a  misreading  or  miswriting 
of  the  contraction  for  Saresburia ;  but  I 


doubt  if  erroneous   forms   often   come  into 
existence  in  this  way.       S.  G.  HAMILTON. 

"DOBBIN,"  CHILDREN'S  GAME  (10th  S.  ii. 
348). — Folk-lorists  will,  I  think,  see  in  this 
game  a  dying  echo  of  the  ancient  burial 
feast.  It  is,  in  fact,  as  regards  the  name 
Dobbin,  but  a  county  variant  of  a  children's 
funeral  game  in  the  festal  days  of  the  funeral, 
when  "it  cost  less  to  \  ortion  off  a  daughter 
than  to  bury  a  dead  wile."  The  style  of  the 

§ame  varies  in  different  parts  of  the  country, 
ometimes  it  is  Old  Roger  or  Poor  Roger,  Poor 
Toby,  Poor  John,  or  Cock  Robin  that  is  the 
theme  of  the  singers ;  but  in  each  case  the 
name  is  that  of  a  deceased  person,  and  it 
long  survived,  under  one  of  these  names — 
and  probably  does  still — in  the  counties  of 
York,  Stafford,  Nottingham,  Salop,  Norfolk, 
Kent,  and  Derby,  and  in  Bath  and  Belfast. 

A  ring  is  formed  by  children  joining  hands. 
A  child,  who  represents  Sir  Roger  or  Dobbin, 
as  the  case  may  be,  lies  down  on  the  ground 
in  the  centre  of  the  ring  with  his  head 
covered  with  a  handkerchief.  The  ring  stands 
still  and  sings  the  verses.  When  the  second 
verse  is  begun,  a  child  from  the  ring  goes 
into  the  centre,  and  stands  by  Sir  Roger,  to 
represent  the  apple-tree.  At  the  fourth 
verse  another  child  goes  into  the  ring, 
and  pretends  to  pick  up  the  fallen  apples. 
Then  the  child  personating  Sir  Roger 
or  Dobbin  jumps  up  and  knocks  the 
child  personating  the  old  woman,  beating 
her  out  of  the  ring.  She  goes  off  hobbling 
on  one  foot  and  pretending  to  be  hurt.  The 
mode  of  procedure  varies  in  different  coun- 
ties ;  but  however  much  they  vary  in  word- 
detail,  they  are  practically  the  same  in 
incident. 

Mrs.  Gomme,  in  her  laborious  compilation 
'The  Traditional  Games  of  England,  Scot- 
land, and  Ireland,'  thinks  that  the  game  is 
not  merely  the  acting  of  a  funeral,  but  more 
particularly  shows  the  belief  that  a  dead 
person  is  cognizant  of  actions  done  by  the 
living  and  capable  of  resenting  personal 
wrongs  and  desecration  of  the  grave.  But 
what,  perhaps,  to  us  is  the  most  interesting 
feature  is  the  way  in  which  the  game  is 
played.  This  clearly  shows  a  survival  of  the 
method  of  portraying  old  plays.  The  ring 
of  children  act  the  part  of  "chorus,"  and 
relate  the  incidents  of  the  play.  The  three 
actors  say  nothing,  only  act  their  several 
parts  in  dumb  show.  The  raising  and  lower- 
ing of  the  arms  on  the  part  of  the  child 
who  plays  "apple-tree,"  the  quiet  of  Old 
Roger  until  he  has  to  jump  up,  certainly 
show  the  early  method  of  actors  when  details 


238 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.   [iotu  s.  in.  MARCH  25, 1905. 


were  presented  by  action  instead  of  words. 
Mrs.  Gomrae,  however,  does  not  suggest  that 
children  have  preserved  in  the  game  an  old 
play  but  that  in  this  and  similar  games  they 
have  preserved  methods  of  acting  and  detail 
(now  styled  traditional),  as  given  in  an  early 
or  childish  period  of  the  drama,  as,  for 
example,  in  the  mumming  plays  (see  ed.  1898, 
vol.  ii.  pp.  16-25). 

In  Argyleshire  the  central  figure  is  called 
Genesis.  The  children  gather  round  Genesis, 
who  is  lying  on  the  ground,  and  act  as 
if  dressing  her  dead  body.  When  this 
is  done  they  carry  her  some  distance,  and 
profess  to  bury  her.  While  so  engaged,  they 
go  round  about  her,  weeping  and  wringing 
their  hands,  when,  in  the  middle  of  the  com- 
motion, Genesis  starts  up,  and  all  rush  off  in 
every  direction,  shouting  "Genesis's  ghost  ! 
while  Genesis  gives  chase.  The  one  she 
catches  becomes  Genesis,  and  the  game  is 
played  over  again.  (See  'The  Games  and 
Diversions  of  Argyleshire,'  by  R.  C.  Maclagan, 
1901,  p.  121,  Folk-lore  Society.) 

J.   HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

Dobbin  is  a  provincialism,  and  by  Halli- 
well's  '  Dictionary  '  means  an  old  jaded  horse; 
hence  the  expression  "Old  Dobbin  is  dead." 

EVERARD   HOME    COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

"PERIT"  (10th  S.  iii.  166).—  It  turns  out  that 
this  wordcZoes  occur  in  the  document  of  1564 
to  which  I  called  DR.  MURRAY'S  attention, 
On  fo.  6  I  read  :— 

"Inecessarylydevydeadroyteinto  ......  peryottes 

which  I  so  call  because  the  mynters  vse  that  name 
.They  doe  devyde  a  droyte  into  20  peryottes 
and  a  peryott  into  24  blanckes." 
This  spelling  suggests  a  wild  excursion 
into  etymology  :  that  "  peryottes  "  were 
named  as  being  irepi  beyond  I'WTOI  a  jot.  ] 
hope  DR.  SKKAT  will  deal  mercifully  witl 
me.  ROBT.  J.  WHITWELL. 

Oxford. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

The  Chronicle  of  the  English  Augustinian  Canonesse 

Remilar  of  the  Lateran  at  St.  Monica's  in  Louvain 

now  at  St.   Augwt.ine's  Priori/,   Newton  Allot 

Devon  •   154S  to  1025.      Edited    by  Dom    Adair 

Hamilton,  O.S.B.     (Sands  &  Co.) 

DOM  ADAM  HAMILTON  has  done  useful   work  i 

editing  the  'Chronicle  of  the  English  Convent   a 

Louvain,'  and  has,  moreover,  carried  out  what  h 

has  undertaken  very  well.    The  members   of  thi 

house,  who  returned  to  the  old  land  some  time  ago 

have  exercised  a  wise  judgment  in  permitting  thei 

arly  annals  to  be  published.      The  part  of  thei 


uronicle  here  given   extends  from    1548  to    1625. 
Ve  believe  the  record  goes  down  to  a  later  period. 
E  so,  we  trust  that  in  good  time  the  editor  will 
rint  a  further  portion,  which  in  any  case  cannot 
ail  to  be  of  interest,  and  will  in  all  probability 
xtend  our  knowledge  of  the  great  civil  war,  and 
f  the  madness  which  goes  by  the  name  of  "  The 
'opish   Plot."      There    is    a    sort     of    connexion, 
hough  it  is    but  a  shadowy    one,    between    the 
Newton  Abbot  priory  and  pre-Reformation  times, 
n  1265  Richard,  King  of  the  Romans,  founded  a 
ouse  of  Augustinian  Canonesses  at  Burnham,  in 
3uckinghamshire.    It  was  suppressed  in  1539,  and 
n  its  case  the  Royal  Commissioners  bore  witness 
o  the  blameless  life  of  the  sisterhood.     Elizabeth 
Voodford,  one  of  the  ejected  nuns,  forms  the  sole 
ink  between  the  old  world  and   the  new.      She 
ivas  a  daughter  of  Robert  Woodford,  of  Bright- 
^ell.     Soon  after  the  suppression  of  her  old  home, 
A* here,  doubtless,  she  had  hoped  to  end  her  days  in 
jeace,  she  went  to  live  in  the  house  of  Dr.  Clement, 
,vho   had    some    years   before    married    Margaret 
jriggs,  the  adopted  daughter  of  Sir  Thomas  More. 
Jlement,  who  practised  medicine  in  Essex,  remained 
,here  during  the  life  of  Henry  VIII.,  but,  as  an 
ardent  Roman  Catholic,  he  could  not  endure  the 
state  of  things  which  came  about  when  the  ministers 
of  the  young  king  were  in  power ;  so  he  and  his 
'amily  removed  to  Louvain,  and  Elizabeth  Wood- 
:ord,  who  had  become  a  regular  member  of  the 
Household,    accompanied    them.     Soon   after   her 
arrival  there  she  entered  a  convent  of  her  old  order 
,n  Louvain,  which  was  dedicated  to  St.    Ursula. 
While  residing  in   the  Clements'  family,  she  had 
been  what  we  should  now  call  the  governess  of  their 
little  daughter  Margaret,  who  in  due  time  became 
also  a  nun  at  St.  Ursula's.   The  mother  of  Margaret 
was  a  noteworthy  woman,  from  her  having  run  great 
risks  in  giving  succour  to  the  Charterhouse  monks 
in  the  long  torture  which  they  endured  before  their 
execution.     Margaret  would  therefore,  we  may  be 
sure,  be  received  all  the  more  gladly.     A  legend  is 
given  by  the  editor  of  how,  when  dying,  the  mother 
saw  the  Charterhouse  monks  standing  by  her  bed 
and  summoning  her  to  join  them.   As  time  went  on, 
and  the  penal  laws  became  enforced  with  greater 
rigour,   the  daughters  of  several  English  families 
who  still  clung  to  the  proscribed  form  of  worship 
joined  the  Augustinian  Canonesses.     So  far  as  we 
can  make  out  from  the  '  Chronicle,'  they  were  kindly 
treated  by  their  Flemish  sisters  ;  but,  as  was  only 
natural,  the  English  ladies  desired  to  have  a  home 
of  their  own.     This  was  not  accomplished  without 
long  and  weary  waiting.     Many  delays  had  to  be 
endured  and  difficulties  overcome,  but  an  English 
house    was    provided    early    in    the     seventeenth 
century,  and  there  from  time  to  time  the  daughters 
of  our  old  Catholic  families  were  received.    Among 
them  are  the  names  of  Herbert,  Vaughan,  Blundel, 
Allen,  Tremain,  Pole,  Bedinfield,  and  Copley  ;  and 
many  others  of  the  same  class  will  be  encountered 
by  those  who  care  to  glance  at  the  index. 

Dom  Adam  Hamilton  has  divided  the  original  into 
chapters,  and  compiled  a  preface  for  each.  These 
additions  contain  valuable  information,  and  also 
illustrate  matters  which,  had  we  the  original  alone 
at  hand,  might  have  been  regarded  as  obscure.  He 
has,  furthermore,  added  pedigrees  of  some  of  the 
more  important  families,  members  of  which  are 
often  mentioned  in  the  '  Chronicle.'  These  we  have 
examined  carefully,  and  have  failed  to  detect 
any  errors.  Many  side  issues  are  illustrated  by 


10*8.  HI.  MARCH  25, 1905.]      NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


this  interesting  record.  For  example,  it  is  the 
fashion  to  say  that  women  were  in  former  days 
badly  educated.  It  is  evident,  however,  that  the 
faculty  of  reading  Latin  was  a  by  no  means  rare 
accomplishment;  in  fact,  we  believe  it  to  have 
been  far  more  common  than  it  was  fifty  years  ago. 
Every  one  knows  this  was  the  case  with  Margaret 
Roper,  Sir  Thomas  More's  learned  daughter.  The 
'  Chronicle  '  furnishes  us  with  the  names  of  several 
other  women  of  the  same  class.  Mary  Wiseman, 
daughter  of  Thomas  Wiseman,  of  Braddpck,  an 
Essex  squire,  was  taught  Latin  along  with  her 
brothers  and  sisters.  We  hear,  too,  that  Magdalen 
Copley  "had  the  Latin  tongue  perfect."  She  also 
understood  painting  and  music.  The  pages  before 
us  furnish  other  examples.  In  1610  the  goods  of 
William  Copley,  of  Gatton,  were  seized  by  the  Lord 
Chamberlain,  on  account  of  his  recusancy,  and,  as 
well  as  much  plate  and  armour,  there  was  carried 
off  "  so  fair  a  library  of  books  that  he  pleasured 
therewith  the  universities  of  England."  Were 
these  books  divided  between  Cambridge  and 
Oxford  ?  If  so,  it  would  be  interesting  if  any  of 
them  could  be  identified.  The  work  is  well  printed, 
and  contains  some  interesting  portraits,  as  well  as 
plates  representing  seventeenth  and  eighteenth 
century  vestments,  the  property  of  the  present 
nuns. 

We  have  detected  two  slight  mistakes.  We 
are  told  that  Pelham  was  the  residence  of  the 
Thimblebys  before  they  moved  to  Irnham  ;  this  is 
an  error  for  Pilham,  a  little  village  near  Gains- 
borough. Toby  Matthew  is  spoken  of  as  Archbishop 
of  Durham.  That  see  was  never  raised  to  archi- 
episcopal  rank.  Toby  Matthew  was  Bishop  of 
Durham  from  1595  to  1606,  when  he  became  Arch- 
bishop of  York,  vacating  the  see  by  death  in  1628. 

The  Scot*  Peerage.  Edited  by  Sir  James  Balfour 
Paul,  Lord  Lyon  King  of  Arms.  Vol.  II.  (Edin- 
burgh, Douglas.) 

LESS  than  a  year  after  the  appearance  of  the  first 
volume  of  the  magnificent  'Scots  Peerage'  of  Sir 
James  Balfour  Paul  and  his  assistants  and  allies  (see 
10th  S.  i.  357)  the  second  volume  sees  the  light.  It 
includes  a  full  historical  and  genealogical  account 
of  over  forty  noble  Scottish  houses,  arranged 
alphabetically  between  Ogilvy,  Lord  Banff,  and 
Cranstoun,  Lord  Cranstoun.  With  the  genealogical 
aspects  of  these  families  we  are  indisposed  to  occupy 
ourselves,  the  path  to  be  followed  in  so  doing  being 
one  of  the  thorniest  to  be  trodden.  We  are  still  ready 
to  accept  as  final  this  decision  of  those  who  con- 
stitute the  highest  obtainable  tribunal,  and  have 
beside  access  to  all  documentary  evidence,  trust- 
worthy or  other.  It  is,  of  course,  extraordinary 
in  the  case  of  a  race  so  rigorous  in  regard  to 
morality  as  are  held  to  be  the  Scotch,  to  find  that 
the  difficulties  in  tracing  Scottish  descents  are 
mostly  traceable  to  the  light  estimation  in  which 
ecclesiastical  sanction  to  marriage  seems  to  have 
been  held.  This  is  well  known  to  those  who  have, 
in  however  dilettante  a  fashion,  occupied  them- 
selves with  Scottish  genealogy.  Proofs  of  this 
abound  in  the  present  volume,  where  such  carefully 
guarded  entries  as  the  following  abound  :  "  Whether 
Sir  Colin  ever  was  married  to  this  lady,  whoever 
she  was,  is  not  without  doubt,"  &c.  The  number 
of  illegitimate  births  chronicled  is  also  large.  When 
we  come  to  historical  and  romantic  details,  these 
are  most  striking  in  the  case  of  the  less  illus- 
trious peerages.  It  is  in  course  of  the  much-con- 


tested and  ancient  peerage  of  Borthwick,  which 
has  more  than  once  remained  in  abeyance,  that  we- 
learn  from  the  Hamilton  Papers  and  the  '  Diurnal 
of  Occurrents '  how  John,  sixth  Lord  Borthwick, 
who  married  Isobell,  eldest  daughter  of  David 
Lindsay,  eighth  Earl  of  Crawford,  who  supported 
James,  Earl  of  Arran,  in  his  contest  with  Mary  of 
Lorraine  for  the  Regency,  was  on  St.  Cuthbert's- 
Day  (4  Sept.),  1544,  seized  by  Sir  George  Douglas 
and  detained  in  Dalkeith  Castle.  Lady  Borthwick. 
retaliated  by  imprisoning  Patrick,  Earl  of  Both- 
well,  who  was  acting  in  the  opposite  interest,  and 
holding  him  until  her  husband  was  released. 
Writing  to  Shrewsbury,  Lord  Euro  says  :  "  Bicause 
the  Lady  Borthyke  was  faire,  he  [Bothwell]  came- 
to  hir  for  love,  but  she  made  hyme  to  be  handled 
and  kepte."  This  is  suggestive  of  Scott,  and  still 
more  of  Massinger's  '  Picture.'  Under  Scott,  Duke 
of  Buccleuch,  we  have,  in  addition  to  interesting, 
particulars  concerning  "Wicked  Wat"  and  other 
Walter  Scotts,  an  account  of  James,  Duke  of  Mon- 
mouth,  who  married,  when  she  was  at  the  age  of 
twelve,  Anna,  Countess  of  Buccleuch,  the  greatest 
heiress  in  Scotland,  and  became  the  first  Duke  of 
Buccleuoh.  Interesting  particulars  are  given  con- 
cerning the  Comynses,  Earls  and  Mormaers  of 
Buchan,  including  the  Countess  Isabella,  who 
placed  with  her  own  hands  the  diadem  on  the  head 
of  Robert  Bruce,  and  was,  like  Cardinal  la  Balue, 
the  victim  of  Louis  XL,  placed,  by  order  of  Ed- 
ward I.,  in  a  cage  erected  in  a  room  in  Berwick 
Castle.  Happier  than  he,  she  was  allowed  the 
attendance  of  her  women  and  "  the  convenience  of  a 
decent  chamber."  Under  Hepburn,  Earl  of  Both- 
well,  we  have  an  account  of  James  Hepburne, 
fourth  Earl  of  Bothwell  and  first  Duke  of  Orkney,, 
the  husband  of  Mary  Stuart.  There  is,  as  may 
well  be  supposed,  no  lack  of  adventures  in  this- 
record  of  the  most  turbulent  nobility  that  ever 
existed.  Full-page  achievements  of  twelve  peers,, 
including  the  Duke  of  Buccleuch,  the  Earl  and 
Marquess  of  Breadalbane,  the  Earl  of  Caithness, 
and  Lord  Colville  of  Culross,  constitute  a  valuable 
feature  in  the  volume. 

The  Works  of  William  Shakespeare.  In  10  vols. 
Vol.  II.  (Stratford-on-Avon,  Shakespeare  Head- 
Press.) 

THE  second  volume  of  Mr.  Bullen's  noble  edition, 
of  the  works  of  Shakespeare  has  been  issued 
from  the  Stratford  Head  Press.  It  opens  with  a 
superb  reproduction  of  the  Chandos  portrait,  and 
contains  four  plays — 'The  Comedy  of  Errors,' 
'Much  Ado  about  Nothing,'  'Love's  Labour's- 
Lost,'  and  '  A  Midsummer  Night's  Dream.'  To  the 
claims  upon  consideration  of  this  edition  we  drew 
attention  upon  the  appearance  of  the  first  volume(see 
ante,  p.  19).  To  the  readers — no  small  class — who 
seek  to  have  their  enjoyment  undisturbed  by  con- 
jecture and  uninterrupted  by  comment,  the  edition* 
remains  ideal,  while  to  the  lover  of  fine  books  it 
makes  direct  and  irresistible  appeal.  Though  the 
text  is  modern,  there  is  enough  that  is  archaic  as 
well  as  beautiful  in  the  appearance  of  the  type  to 
convey  to  the  reader  a  pleasurable  sense  of  autho- 
rity, while  the  mere  contemplation  of  the  beauti- 
fully balanced  page  is  in  itself  a  luxury.  No  chance- 
exists  of  drawing  attention  to  new  readings,  for 
none  such  are  attempted.  All  that  can  be  said  is 
that  the  work  woos  to  a  reperusal,  and  that  a 
more  fascinating  edition  for  the  shelf  or  the  hand 
is  not  to  be  hoped.  In  an  age  in  which  new  editions 


240 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [10*  s.  m.  MARCH  25,  was. 


•of  Shakespeare  multiply,  the  present  occupies  a 
unassailable  place. 

Paradise  Lost.    By  John   Milton.    Illustrated  b 

W.  Strang.  (Routledge  &  .Sons.) 
ILLUSTRATED  editions  of  the  'Paradise  Lost'  ar 
not  common,  the  only  one  that  has  obtained  con 
siderable  popularity  being  that  of  John  Martin  i 
1826-7,  with  its  marvellous  effects  of  distance.  Th 
•first  illustrated  edition  appeared  in  folio  in  1688 
and  one  with  plates  by  Bartolozzi  in  1802.  Th 
present  edition  belongs  to  the  "  Photogravur 
Series,"  in  which  has  already  appeared  the  illus 
trated  edition  of  Omar  Khayyam.  Its  twelv 
illustrations  include  a  rather  grim  portrait  wit 
•coarser  hair  than  the  poet  generally  wears  ;  a  viev 
of  him  playing  the  violoncello  to  his  daughters,  wh 
are  singing ;  and  ten  other  designs  more  remarkabl 
•for  robustness  and  power  than  grace.  There  are  som 
few  notes.  We  should  prefer  a  better  text.  "  Mad 
at  pregnant,"  bk.  i.  1.  2'2,  for  Modest  it  pregnant 
"Under  the  lea"  for  Under  the  lee,  1.  207,  am 
other  errors  are  to  be  noted.  The  type  is  Ballan 
tyne,  but  is  not  the  best  of  those  fine  printers 
Much  may  be  said  in  favour  of  the  illustrations 
following  precedent,  Mr.  Strang  presents  th< 
-Creator  of  the  world  as  a  being  of  venerable  years. 

JMethueris  Standard  Library. — The  Meditations  q, 
the  Emperor  Marcus  Aurelitis  Antoninus.    Trans 
lated  by  R.  Graves,  M.A. — Pilgrim's  Progress, 
By  John  Bunyan. — The    Works  of  Shakespeare^ 
Vol.  I. — The  English    Works  of  Francis  Bacon. 
Vol.  I. — The  History  of  the  Decline  and  Fall  oj 
the  Roman  Empire.    By  Edward  Gibbon.    Vol.  I. 
— The  Novels  of  Jane  Austen.    Vol.  I.  Sense  and 
Sensibility.    (Methuen  &  Co.) 
WE  have  here  the  opening  volumes  of   a  series 
called   "  Methuen's  Standard  Library,"  which  is 
likely  to  prove  an  inestimable  popular  boon.     It 
consists  of  acknowledged  masterpieces,  issued  under 
"the  editorship  of  Mr.  Sidney  Lee,  at  a  price  which 
"brings  them  within  the  reach  of  all  who  can  dream 
of  the  possession  of  any  books  at  all.     So  far  as  the 
present  issue  is  concerned,  the  volumes  are  in  three 
•.shapes.    What  may  be  called  the  norm  is  shown  in 
the  first  volume  of  the  works  of  Bacon  and  that  of 
the  novels  of  Jane  Austen.    These,  issued  in  six- 
penny volumes,  are  excellent  in  type  and  size,  and 
are  vastly  superior  to  the  average  productions  at 
•double  the  price.    In  their  neat  blue  covers  they 
are  quite  as  fitted  to  the  shelves  as  the  three-and- 
a-half-franc    French    volumes   of   Charpentier   or 
Hachette.     Bacon's  works  now  given  include  the 
•'Essays'  and  'The   New  Atlantis,'  the  latter  a 
"book  not  too  easily  accessible.    In  the  case  of  Jane 
Austen,  'Sense  and  Sensibility'  first  appears.     A 
second  form,  kindred  with  the  first,  is  illustrated  in 
the  first  volume  of  Gibbon's '  Decline  and  Fall.'  This 
is  in  a  pretty  green  cover,  and  is  published  at  a 
shilling.    It  has  more  than  double  the  number  of 
pages,  and  has  Gibbon's  notes,  to  which  additions 
Tiive  been  made  by  Prof.  Bury,  bringing  the  in- 
formation up  to  date.     Prof.  Bury  has  also  revised 
the    text.    The   first   volume   includes  all  up  to 
chap,  xiv.,  equal  to  about  a  volume  and  a  half  of 
the  ordinary  twelve-volume   booksellers'  edition. 
This  reprint  will,  presumably,  be  in  seven  volumes, 
like  the  larger  edition  published  by  the  same  firm. 
The  third  form,  priced  also  a  shilling,  is  in  a  highly 
ornamental  and  artistic  cover,  and  is  eminently 
•satisfactory  in  type  and  attractive  in  appearance. 


'Marcus  Aurelius'  is  issued  in  a  capital  render- 
ing by  Mr.  R.  Graves,  M.A.  The  'Pilgrim's 
Progress'  is  in  a  very  legible  edition;  while  the 
first  volume  of  the  Shakespeare  contains  five 
comedies.  Of  this  edition  we  have  already  said 
that  it  brings  works  that  every  man  of  taste 
delights  or  desires  to  possess  within  the  reach  of  all 
who  can  afford  to  have  any  books  at  all.  We  would 
go  further,  and  say  that  it  should  convert  into  book- 
buyers  almost  all  book-readers.  To  a  searcher  after 
knowledge  or  entertainment  it  is  immeasurably 
cheaper  to  have  an  edition  of  his  own  at  the  price 
at  which  it  can  now  be  obtained  than  to  pay  to  a 
circulating  library  a  weekly  sum  for  a  thumbed, 
and  perhaps  greasy,  copy.  A  volume  of  Gibbon 
such  as  that  before  us  will  last  a  thoughtful  reader 
for  weeks.  It  will  not  be  easy,  we  know,  to  con- 
vert the  average  artisan  into  a  reader.  A  series 
such  as  this  is  likely,  however,  to  win  over  some, 
and  so  to  let  a  certain  measure  of  light  into  dark- 
ness. Among  the  books  the  promise  of  which  we 
hail  with  pleasure  are  the  prose  works  of  Milton  and 
the  plays  of  Ben  Jonson  and  Marlowe.  Fielding  and 
Smollett  seem,  as  yet,  likely  to  be  seen  in  single 
novels.  The  'Tom  Jones'  of  the  one  and  the 
'  Humphry  Clinker'  of  the  other  are  promised. 


to 

We   must   call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
ind  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 
WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 
To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre 
spondents  must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  auswer- 
ng  queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 
)ut  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
leading,  the  series,  volume,  and.  page  or  pages  to 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
iiunication  "Duplicate." 

R.  PIERPOINT  ("A  shoulder  of  mutton,"  &c.). — 
All  the  references  you  mention  are  given  under 
'  Nursery  Rimes.' 

PROF.  STRONG  ("Manuel's  'Count  Lucanor'  and 
he  Invisible  Cloth").— The  story  was  related  at 
ength  by  MR.  YARDLEY  at  7th  S.  vi.  289.  See  also 
th  S.  vi.  353 ;  vii.  55,  156 ;  xi.  40. 

COL.  FismyiCK  ("  Introduction  of  School  Slates  "). 
— This  question  was  raised  by  PRINCIPAL  SALMON 
1 10th  S.  ii.  488.    Much  information  will  be  found 
i  the  replies  ante,  p.  14. 

NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
p  "  The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries'" — Adver- 
isements  and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Pub- 
sher" — at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 

ne,  E.G. 

We  beg  leave  to  state  that  we  decline  to  return 
ommuuications  which,  for  any  reason,  we  do  not 
rint ;  and  to  this  rule  we  can  make  no  exception. 


W»S.  III.  MARCH  25,  1905.)     NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 

THE    ATHENAEUM 

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s.  m.  APRIL  1,1905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


241 


LONDON,  H ATI  JtD AY,  APRIL  1,  1905. 


CONTENTS. -No.  66. 

NOTES : —Diamond  Jubilee  of  'The  Newspaper  Press 
Directory,'  241— The  Great  Seal  of  Scotland,  242— Biblio- 
graphies. 243— Christianity  and  its  Forbears.  245— Russian 
Baltic  Fleet  in  17SS— Wirral  Hermit— Vadstena  Church, 
Norway— Spenser's  '  Bpithalamiou,'  216— John  Gwynneth 
—The  "Weeping  Willow,  24-5. 

QUERIES  :-Authors  and  their  First  Books-St.  Aylott— 
Diving-bell— War  Medals  — Battle-axe  Guard,  247—  Vul- 
gate —  "  February  fill  dyke"  — Von  Gordon  Family  — 
Cromer  Street  —  The  Horseferry,  Westminster  —  Little 
of  Halstead,  248  — Palindrome  — MacBrlean  Surname  — 
'Secrets  in  Art  and  Nature'  — Ophelia— "Our  lives  are 
songs  " — Warlow,  German  Place-name— History  of  Ear- 
rings—E.  Samuel-Twins,  249. 

REPLIES  :— Jacobean  Houses  in  Fleet  Street— Con-  Con- 
traction, 250— Marmont  Family— Schools  First  Established 
—Bishop  Colenso— Heraldic— Persehouse  :  Sabine,  251— 
"  Galapine"  — Parrel  1  of  the  Pavilion  Theatre— "  Mon- 
mouth  Street  of  literature"  —  Martello  Towers,  252  — 
Church  Music  — Spur-post— Wooden  Fonts,  253— Molly 
Lepel's  Descent— Compter  Prison— London  Street-names, 
254— Local  '  Notes  and  Queries  '—Coliseums  Old  and  New 
— De  Keleseye  Family— "A  shoulder  of  mutton,"  255— 
Stratford  Residents— The  Yule  "Clog"— Ainsty— "  Pom- 
pelmous"— Queen  of  Duncan  II.,  256— Great  Hollow  Elm 
—John  Butler,  M.P.,  257. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :—' Abstracts  of  Wills,  1620'— 'Harms- 
worth  Encyclopaedia ' — 'Life  and  Times  of  St.  Boniface' 
— Heine's  Poems — "  Heinemann's  Favourite  Classics  " — 
Bell's  "Miniature  Series  of  Great  Writers." 

BoDkselltrs'  Catalogues. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


DIAMOND  JUBILEE  OF  'THE  NEWSPAPER 
PRESS  DIRECTORY.' 

THE  diamond  jubilee  of  this  valuable 
guide  deserves  record  in  'N.  &  Q.'  When 
the  first  volume  was  issued  in  1846  the 
press  was  in  its  infancy,  and  a  small 
12mo  was  sufficient  to  give  full  particulars 
of  all  the  journals  then  published.  The 
present  volume  is  a  handsome  royal  8vo 
containing  over  600  pp.  Those  desirous  of 
studying  the  progress  of  the  press  should 
look  through  the  sixty  volumes  published  by 
Messrs.  Mitchell,  for  in  them  they  will  find  a 
complete  record  year  by  year.  The  advance 
during  the  last  five  years  has  been  by  leaps 
and  bounds.  Especially  is  this  noticeable 
with  the  daily  and  the  illustrated  press : 
these  have  increased  in  a  most  marvellous 
degree. 

In  1846,  the  first  year  of  the  'Directory,' 
there  were  only  12  daily  papers  pub- 
lished in  England  and  2  in  Ireland  ;  now 
there  are  184  published  in  England,  18  in 
Ireland,  and  29  in  Wales.  Scotland,  and  the 
Channel  Isles.  In  1846  the  total  number  of 
papers  published  in  the  United  Kingdom 
was  551 ;  now  the  number  is  2,461.  Maga- 
zines have  also  progressed  in  proportion.  In 
1846  there  were  only  200;  now  there  are 


2,758,  of  which  600  are  of  a  religious  cha- 
racter. The  restrictions  and  taxation  until 
1861,  when  the  press  was  made  entirely  free 
L>y  the  repeal  of  the  paper  duties,  were  so 
great  that  only  large  capitalists  could  incur 
bhe  risk  of  starting  a  newspaper.  Any 
one  printing  or  publishing  a  paper  not  duly 
stamped  incurred  a  penalty  of  50£.  for  every 
single  copy.  The  advertisement  duty — Is.  Qd. 
upon  each  advertisement— had  to  be  paid 
within  twenty-eight  days,  and  the  authori- 
ties refused  to  supply  stamps  if  the  duty 
was  in  arrear.  Mr.  Ingram,  the  founder 
of  The  Illustrated  London  News,  stated  in 
1851  to  Sir  Charles  Wood,  then  Chancellor  of 
the  Exchequer,  that  he  paid  more,  in  many 
cases,  for  advertisement  duty  than  he 
received  for  the  advertisements,  as  it  fre- 
quently happened  that  he  never  received  a 
farthing  of  the  amount  due  to  him.  There 
were  several  modes  adopted  by  adver- 
tisers to  avoid  the  tax,  including  dogs  carry- 
ing advertisements,  and  advertising  vans. 
Tickets  for  the  Panorama  of  the  Nile  at  the 
Egyptian  Hall,  Piccadilly,  were  dropped  all 
over  London  by  means  of  balloons,  the  finder 
having  the  privilege  of  admission  at  half- 
price.  I  have  one  of  these,  picked  up  in 
Leicester  Square.  Displayed  advertisements 
in  the  daily  papers  were  not  adopted  for 
many  years,  The  Times  being  specially  con- 
servative in  the  matter,  and  four-fifths  of 
the  advertisements  in  that  paper  were,  on  an 
average,  under  ten  lines. 

On  looking  at  'The  Newspaper  Press 
Directory'  for  1856  it  is  seen  at  a  glance 
what  an  impetus  had  been  given  by  the 
repeal  of  the  compulsory  stamp.  Among 
the  new-comers  was  The  Saturday  Heview, 
started  on  the  3rd  of  November,  1855.  The 
opening  address  stated  that  "the  immediate 
motive  of  coming  before  the  public  is  fur- 
nished by  the  impetus  given  to  periodical 
literature  by  the  repeal  of  the  Newspaper 
Stamp  Act."  The  stamp  had  been  abolished 
in  the  previous  June.  By  the  new  Act  it 
was  optional  for  newspapers  to  print  upon 
stamped  or  unstamped  paper ;  but  the 
privilege  of  retransmission  by  post  was 
limited  to  a  period  of  fifteen  days.  The 
weight  was  not  to  exceed  four  ounces  for  a 
penny.  Mr.  Cowan  advocated  a  halfpenny 
postage  for  every  two  ounces,  but  Mr.  Glad- 
stone believed  that  this  would  entail  a  heavy 
loss.  Previous  to  the  abolition  of  the  stamp 
it  was  easy  to  know  the  exact  circulation  of 
each  paper,  as  this  was  given  in  the  Parlia- 
mentary returns.  The  Illustrated  London  Neivs 
had  a  sale  of  130,000,  and  The  Times  59,000. 
The  Athenaeum,  The  Builder,  and  a  few  others 


242 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io*  s.  m.  A™,  i.  MOR 


were  regarded  as  class  papers,  and  were 
allowed  to  issue  stamped  and  unstamped  copies. 
This  privilege  was  also  extended  to  Punch, 
8,000  of  which  were  published  stamped,  and 
32,000  unstamped.  My  father,  seeing  what 
an  additional  labour  the  affixing  of  stamps 
on  covers  would  mean  to  newsagents,  besides 
the  temptation  to  boys  employed  in  the 
stamping,  appealed  to  Sir  Cornewall  Lewis  to 
grant  permission  for  newsagents  to  have  their 
covers  with  an  impressed  stamp,  with  the 
name  and  address  of  the  sender.  This,  after 
correspondence  and  interviews  with  the 
authorities  of  the  Board  of  Inland  Eevenue 
and  the  Post  Office  extending  over  twelve 
months,  my  father  secured,  and  the  result 
was  announced  in  The  Athenaeum  of  the 
20th  of  June,  1857.  He  also  suggested  a 
3d.  stamp,  but  it  was  not  until  June,  1859, 
that  covers  with  this  stamp  could  be  obtained. 
It  will  hardly  be  believed  that,  not  withstand- 
ing the  various  charges  made  for  postage, 
there  were  at  that  time  only  four  different 
kinds  of  stamps  issued,  namely,  Id.,  2d.,  Gd., 
and  Is.  My  father  further  suggested  that 
stamps  should  have  printed  upon  them  the 
weight  of  printed  matter  they  would  carry. 

Reference  to  '  The  Newspaper  Press  Direc- 
tory '  of  1862  will  show  the  great  increase  of 
papers  and  magazines  on  account  of  the 
repeal  of  the  paper  duties.  My  father  esti- 
mated the  total  issue  of  newspapers  and 
class  journals  in  1860  at  118,799,200;  in  1864 
it  was  195,062,400.  The  increase  in  magazine 
literature  was  equally  remarkable.  The  re- 
peal of  the  duties  caused  quite  a  scare  among 
some  stationers,  and  the  "rag  scarecrow" 
provided  a  subject  for  Punch.  The  Times  took 
things  very  seriously,  and  stated  that  "  what- 
ever substances  may  be  used  to  supplant  the 
supply  of  rags,  the  public  may  take  it  as  an 
indisputable  fact  that  paper  of  any  quality 
worthy  to  be  called  paper  must  depend  for 
its  fibre  upon  rags."  At  the  present  time 
paper  composed  entirely  of  rag  is  confined  to 
the  most  expensive  kinds.  Now  nearly  all 
our  best  paper  is  largely  made  from  esparto 
grass.  The  eminent  horticulturist  Dr.  Lind- 
ley  was  one  of  the  first  to  show  the 
quantity  of  fibre  available  in  the  common 
furze  for  the  manufacture  of  paper. 

JOHN  C.  FRANCIS. 
(To  be  concluded.) 


THE  GREAT  SEAL  OF  SCOTLAND. 
A  FEW  days  ago  the  following  notice  ap- 
peared in  The  Scotsman  : — 

"  The  Lord  President  read  the  extract  from  the 
Gazette  announcing  that  the  Marquis  of  Linlithgow 
had  been  sworn  as  Secretary  for  Scotland;  and 


stated  that  as  Secretary  for  Scotland  the  Marquis 
was  ex  qfficio  Keeper  of  the  Great  Seal,  and  would 
now  take  the  oaths.  His  Lordship  then  adminis- 
tered the  oath  of  allegiance  and  the  official  oath  ; 
and  the  Marquis  having  signed  the  oaths,  the  cere- 
mony ended." 

It  was  an  occasion  of  interest,  and  a  few 
notes  bearing  on  the  office  may  be  acceptable. 

From  the  earliest  days  the  Great  Seal  has 
played  an  important  part  in  the  history  of 
the  country.  After  the  celebrated  arbitra- 
tion of  Edward  I.  in  the  case  of  the  com- 
peting aspirants  to  the  Scottish  throne, 
upon  which  by  his  decree  John  Baliol  was 
confirmed  in  the  succession,  the  Seal  was. 
broken  in  four  parts,  and  put  into  a  leathern 
bag  to  be  retained  in  the  treasury  of  England 
as  a  monument  of  his  sovereignty  over  Scot- 
land. Letters  of  new  infeftment  or  con- 
firmation, summons,  or  letters  of  remission 
were  all  "  passed  under  the  white  wax." 

Great  care  was  taken  in  the  making  and 
custody  of  the  Seal.  An  instance  may  be 
recorded,  and  perhaps  it  would  be  better  to> 
give  it  in  the  words  of  the  chronicler  : — 

"  Forsamekle  as  the  Kingis  Majestic  (James  VI.), 
oure  Soverane  Lord,  upoun  speciall  and  wechtie 
considerationis  moving  him,  being  resolvit,  God 
willing,  to  pas  in  Norroway  and  to  obviat  the  im- 
pedimentis  maid  for  the  transporting  of  the  Queue, 
his  darrest  spous,  in  this  seaspun  (October,  1589), 
hes  commandit  his  Chancellair  to  tak  his  grite 
seill  and  signet  with  his  Majestic  for  sic  necessair 
pccaisionis  as  the  samin  may  happin  to  be  imployed 
in  during  his  Hieness  remaining  furth  of  the  cun- 
trey ;  and  yet  not  willing  that  his  Hieness  awne 
subjectis  or  utheris,  having  necessarilie  to  do  with 
the  saidis  grite  seill  and  signet,  salbe  frustrat  and 
disapointit  thairof  at  all  occaisionis,  his  Majestie 
with  avise  of  his  Secreit  Counsaill  prdanis  and 
commandis  his  said  Chancellair,  be  himself  or  his 
depute  in  his  name,  to  caus  mak  ane  uthir  grite 
seill  and  grite  signett,  according  to  the  forme  and 
proportioun  of  the  utheris,  als  neir  as  may  be  in  all 
pointis  off  quhatsumevir  metale,  to  serve  and  be 
used  and  imployd  be  Mr.  Johnne  Laying  depute  to 
the  said  Lord  Chancellair,  in  keping  of  the  saidis 
grite  seill  and  signett  to  all  things  necessair  to  be 
past  thairwith,  and  willis  and  declaifis  that  the 
making  of  the  saidis  grite  seill  and  signett  salbe  na 
cryme  to  the  gpldsmyth  makaris  thairof,  nor  to  the 
said  Chancellair  or  the  said  Mr.  Johnne,  nor  that; 
they  nor  nane  of  thame  salbe  callit  or  accused  for 
the  same  criminalie  nor  civilie  be  ony  maner  of 
way  in  tyme  cuming." 

It  was  evidently  recognized  that  there  might 
be  considerable  danger  of  misapplication 
were  two  seals  allowed  to  be  in  existence 
after  a  certain  time,  so  a  special  provision 
was  inserted  that,  on  the  king's  return  from 
Norway  the  last-made  seal  was  to  be  "  brokin 
doun  and  distroyit  immediatlie." 

In  1605  James  VI.  wrote  to  Lord  Berwick,. 
Treasurer  of  "  North  Britain"  and  Chancellor 
of  the  Exchequer,  that  as  it  had  "pleasit 


in.  APRIL  i,  woo.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


243 


God  to  amplifie  and  extend  our  dominionis 
ouer  all  Greit  Britane,  France,  and  Ireland," 
it  was  necessary  that  some  changes  should 
be  made  on  the  seal,  and  gave  orders  that 
"oure  greate  seale  and  signett  of  Scotland  " 
should  be  renewed  and  handed  over  to  the 
custody  of  the  Chancellor.  He  was  ordained  to 
"  have  and  carry  it  befoir  him  to  all  Councill  and 
other  honourable  and  publict  meittings,  as  aspeciall 
mark  of  the  King's  favour  to  him,  and  in  respect 
quhairof  the  1st  place  in  all  sick  meittings  nixt  to 
the  King,  or  sic  as  represents  his  persone,  is  due  to 
him  be  reason  of  the  authoritie  of  the  said  greate 
seale  quilk  euer  sould  be  befoir  him." 

In  the  early  years  of  the  seventeenth  cen- 
tury a  rather  singular  case  occurred.  There 
was  a  scheme  promulgated  for  the  plantation 
of  forfeited  lands  in  Ulster,  and  a  number  of 
applications  came  from  Scotland.  In  1610 
the  Scottish  portion  of  the  business  was 
withdrawn  from  the  Scottish  Privy  Council, 
and  taken  to  London,  so  that  all  the  allot- 
ments to  Scottish  applicants  were  passed 
under  the  Great  Seal  of  England. 

In  the  following  year  the  king  was  at 
Greenwich,  and  while  there  he  approved  of 
the  Book  of  Rates  for  Scotland,  which  had 
been  drawn  up  by  the  officials,  and  "  whiche 
Book  for  the  bettir  authoritie  thairof  we  have 
signet  with  our  hand,  and  have  thought 
fitting  that  our  Grite  Seale  salbe  appendit 
and  hung  thairto." 

When  the  son  of  James,  Prince  Charles, 
was  made  Prince  of  Scotland,  it  was  neces- 
sary that  the  requisite  signets  should  be 
provided.  Accordingly,  with  the  "advyse 
and  consent  of  our  darrest  Lord  and  Fader, 
the  Kingis  Majestic,"  Charles  issued  orders 
to  "  Charlis  Dikesone,  sinker  of  the  ironis  of 
his  Majesteis  coyne  in  Scotland,"  to  prepare 
designs  for  a  seal.  These  were  in  due  time 
submitted  for  approval,  and  after  some 
alterations  were  accepted.  The  aforesaid 
engraver  was  to 

"  mak,  grave  and  sink  in  dew  and  comelie  forme  ane 
greit  seale,  haveing  of  the  ane  syde  the  Scottische 
and  Inglische  armes  within  a  sheild,  the  Scottische 
armes  being  in  the  first  plaice,  with  ane  lambell 
and  oppin  croun  abone  the  sheild,  and  on  the  ane 
syde  of  the  armes  ane  unicorne  and  on  the  uther 
syde  ane  lyoun,  ather  of  them  haveing  ane  lambell 
aboute  thair  craig  hingand  dounwairt,  with  this 
circomescriptioun  MAGXUM  SKJILLUM  CAROLI 
SCOTIAE  ET  WALLIAE  PRINCIPIS  ROTHESAIAE  Ducis, 
ETC.,  and  at  the  bigining  of  the  circomescriptioun 
ane  thrissill  and  on  the  uther  syde  of  the  said  seale 
oure  portrat  upoun  horsbak  armed  with  a  sword  in 
oure  right  hand  reatcheing  abone  our  heade  and 
with  plumasche  upoun  oure  heade,  and  that  upoun 
the  counter  of  our  horsse  thair  be  a  thressill  and 
upoun  the  comparisoun  of  our  horsse  a  lyoun  within 
a  scheild  haveing  ane  lambell  at  the  heade  of  the 
sheild,  and  that  the  horse  heade  be  armed  with  a 
litill  plumasche  upoune  his  heade." 


From  later  information  we  learn  that  foir 
his  workmanship  on  the  Great  Seal,  two 
signets,  and  "  tua  casshettis,"  the  engrave? 
was  paid  some  four  hundred  and  sixty 
pounds,  which  sum  included  the  furnishing, 
of  the  silver. 

In  the  days  of  the  Protector  a  letter  was- 
written  from  the  Council  in  Whitehall  to- 
Scotland  asking  for  particulars  as  to  the  use- 
of  the  Great  Seal  in  Scotland,  so  that  there- 
might  be  uniformity  of  procedure  between 
the  two  countries.  A  reply  was  sent  stating 
the  occasions  on  which  it  was  required,  and 
that  in  the  meantime  the  trust  of  it  was  put 
in  commission  in  a  member  of  the  Council. 
By  an  ordinance  passed  24  July,  1655,  it  was- 
decreed  "that  a  Great  Seale  and  otheF 
usuall  and  necessary  Scales  for  Scotland 
be  provided,"  and  Samuel  Disbrow  was 
appointed  Keeper  of  the  Great  Seal,  and  for 
his  services  and  those  of  his  under  officer  the 
sum  of  200?.  was  apportioned.  It  was  fixed 
that,  according  to  precedent,  he  should  attend 
at  the  hearing  of  all  Exchequer  cases  with 
the  emblem  of  his  office. 

When,  in  the  reign  of  Anne,  the  question 
of  a  union  between  England  and  Scotland 
arose,  it  was  decided  that  the  Commissioners- 
from  Scotland  for  its  consideration  should 
be  appointed  under  the  Great  Seal  of  Scot- 
land. On  the  consummation  of  that  union 
in  1707,  one  of  the  clauses  agreed  to  decreed 
that  in  future  there  should  be  one  Great 
Seal  for  the  United  Kingdom,  differing  from, 
the  one  hitherto  used  in  either  country. 
But  this  proviso  was  inserted  : — 

"  And  that  a  seal  in  Scotland  after  the  Union  be- 
alwayes  kept  and  made  use  of  in  all  things  relating- 
to  private  Rights  or  Grants,  and  which  only  con- 
cern Offices,  Grants,  Commissions,  and  private 
rights  within  that  Kingdom." 

This  was  the  seal  of  which  the  Marquis  of 
Linlithgow  accepted  the  custody,  and  from. 
its  history  it  can  be  seen  that  the  rights  of 
its  possession  and  use  in  Scotland  should  be- 
jealously  guarded.  J.  LINDSAY  HILSON. 

Jedburgh  Public  Library. 


BIBLIOGRAPHIES. 

THERE  appears  to  be  more  need  than  ever 
before  for  the  preparation  of  a  bibliography 
of  bibliographies  and  of  the  general  subject 
of  bibliography.  This  task,  if  newly  at- 
tempted, should  be  performed  in  a  co-opera- 
tive manner  and  executed  with  due  regard 
to  its  international  aspect.  It  would  b& 
desirable  to  have  the  notices  given  (severally 
complete  by  themselves)  partially  classified*. 
or  so  expressed  as  readily  to  admit  of  sub- 


244 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io*  s.  m.  APRIL  i,  1905. 


sequent  classification  in  accordance  with  a 
•decimal  system  like  that  adopted  by  the 
Institut  International  de  Bibliographie, 
Brussels,  whose  purview  is  unrestricted. 
This  would  be  facilitated  by  placing  in 
italics,  so  far  as  practicable,  the  key- words 
of  specific  notices.  The  lists  supplied  could, 
perhaps,  be  accompanied  by  brief  remark 
touching  upon  organized  bibliographical 
work  and  general  sources.  The  '  Carnegie 
Institution  Handbook  to  Learned  Societies' 
{a  second  and,  in  some  ways,  a  greater 
'Minerva'),  now  in  preparation  under  the 
•editorship  of  Mr.  J.  David  Thompson,  will, 
it  is  said,  constitute  a  bibliography  of  the 
publications  of  those  bodies.  It  will  enume- 
rate works  issued  by  the  Bibliographical 
•Society,  London,  the  Edinburgh  Biblio- 
graphical Society,  &c.  It  would  be  an  act 
•of  supererogation  here  to  describe  the  '  Inter- 
national Catalogue  of  Scientific  Literature' 
now  being  published  annually  for  the  Inter- 
national Council  by  the  Royal  Society,  or  to 
specify  in  detail,  at  this  time,  the  contri- 
butions for  which  students  are  indebted  to 
national,  governmental,  or  quasi  -  govern- 
mental undertakings.  The  scope  of  inquiry, 
if  thus  limited,  would  still  be  sufficiently 
extensive  to  satisfy  the  most  ambitious. 
What  more  appropriate  or  accessible  place 
-could  be  chosen  or  found  for  the  publication 
of  such  information  than  the  columns  of 
4  N.  &  Q  ,'  the  vade  inecum  of  all  reference 
librarians  and  investigators?  In  submitting 
a  few  notices,  gathered  here  and  there,  the 
writer  desires  to  direct  especial  attention  to 
the  list  of  '  Bibliographies  of  Bibliographies  ' 
•(designated  01G  :  016  :  016),  an  exceedingly 
useful  work,  a  compilation  by  the  President 
of  the  Bibliographical  Society  of  Chicago, 
who  is  a  member  of  the  Council  of  the 
Bibliographical  Society  of  America.  The 
•book  comprises  156  titles. 

GENERAL  WORKS  [01]. 

Cole,  George  Watson.  Compiling  a  bibliography. 
—Library  Journal  (1901),  xxvi.  791-5,  859-63. 

Cole,  G.  W.  American  bibliography,  general  and 
local.-/6._(1894),  xix.  5-9. 

Ferguson,  John.  Some  aspects  of  bibliography. 
102  pp.  Edinburgh,  1901,  G.  P.  Johnston. 

Josephson,  Aksel  G.  S.  International  subject 
"bibliographies. — Library  Journal  (1894),  xix.  226-7. 

Josephson,  A.  G.  S.  An  international  Congress 
of  bibliography.—  Science  [U.S.],  1895,  new  series, 
ii.  74-5. 

Josephson,  A.  G.  S.  Wanted — a  bibliographical 
institute.— The  Dial  (1900),  xxix.  48. 

Josephson,  A.  G.  S.  An  institute  for  biblio- 
graphical research.  —  Science  [U.S.],  1901,  new 
series,  xiv.  615-16. 

Josephson,  A.  G.  S.  [A  note  on  "  What  the 
•Carnegie  Institution  might  do  for  the  advancement 


bi"io«raphical  insti- 


Jotephson,  A.  G.  S.  What  the  Carnegie  Institu- 
tion could  do  for  hbrananship  and  bibliograDhv  — 
The  Dial,  1902,  xxxii.  79. 

Jpsephson,  A.  G.  8.  Plan  for  the  organization  of 
an  institute  for  bibliographical  research.  Address 
delivered  before  American  Library  Association 
Magnolia,  Mississippi,  June  19,  1902.—  Reprinted 
from  Proceedings,  in  the  Library  Journal  1Q(V> 
xxvii.  c-61-2. 

Johnston,  W.  Dawson.  Present  bibliographical 
undertakings  in  the  United  States.  -  Library 
Journal  (1901),  xxvi.  674-7. 

McPike,  Eugene  Fairfield.  On  the  need  of  an 
American  bibliographical  institute.  —  Public  Libra- 
ries, January,  1905. 


INDIVIDUAL  BIBLIOGRAPHIES  [012]. 

,[;i .-••••]   Bibliography -of  the  published  writings 

of  President  G.  Stanley  HaiL— Publications  of  the 
Clark  University  Library,  Worcester,  Mass.  (1903), 

.  [ --0,  A  partial  list  of  printed  works,  arti- 
cles.....^ Eugene  Fairfield  McPike Comprising 

51  notices......Chicago  F1905],  Western  Bureau  of 

Bibliography,  Bulletin,  No.  1. 

BIBLIOGRAPHIES  OF  PLACES  [016]. 

J.  (K.)  Local  bibliography  [of  Aberdeen,  Scot- 
land].—Scottish  Notes  and  Queries,  second  series 
vi.  26  et  passim,  Aberdeen,  1904. 

Cole,  G.  W.    Bermuda  in  periodical  literature 
with  occasional  references  to  other  works.  Series  ii 
Part  xvii.     A  bibliography.  —Bulletin  of  Biblio- 
graphy, iv.  9-11,  Boston,  1904. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY  [016 : 01]. 

,[••••••• 1  Johtl  Crerar  Library,  Chicago.    A  list 

of  bibliographies   of    special  subjects,   July,   1902 
504  pp.     Chicago,  1902. 

Keogh     Andrew.     Some  general  bibliographical 
works  of  value  to  the  student  of  English     27  nn 
[New  Haven,  Conn.]  Yale  University,  1901 

016 :  016  :  016. 

Josephson,  A.   G.   S.     Bibliographies  of   Biblio- 
graphies chronologically  arranged  with  occasional 
notes  and  an  index    45pp.  [Bibliographical  Society 
ot  Chicago,  Contributions  to  Bibliography    No   1  1 
Chicago,  MCMI.     [Comprises  156  titles.]     ' 

PERIODICALS  [016:05]. 
.    [•••••••:••••]  Chicago  Library  Club.   A  list  of  serials 

in   public  libraries  of  Chicago  and  Ecanston    cor- 
rected to  January,  1901.     185  pp.    Chicago,  1901. 

(;miiiflr_     vv      .  A     KiKli<%»_«^U_    _r      f.'j-    ^ 


,      ,      ,      ,,,  m,         . 

Murdoch,  Robert.  A  bibliography  of  Aberdeen 
periodicals.—  Ib.,  vi.  74  et  passim,  1904 

Murdoch,  R  Bibliography  of  Aberdeenshire 
periodicals.—  Ib.,  vi.  42  et  passim,  1904. 

Murdoch,  R.  Bibliography  of  Dundet  periodical 
literature.— Ib.,  vi.  90,  19J4. 

SOCIAL  SCIENCES  [016  :  3] . 

McCurdy,  Robert  Morrill.  A  bibliography  of 
articles  relating  to  holidays.  Part  I.— Bulletin  of 
Bibliography,  iv.  5-9,  Boston,  1904 

[-"—•]  Bibliography  of  child  study  for  the 
vear  mS.—Publica£iona  of  the  Clark  University 
Library,  Worcester,  Mass.,  i.  No.  2,  1904 


in.  APRIL  i,i905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


245 


[•••••• ]     Bibliography  of   child  study  for  the 

year  1903.—  lb.,  i.  No.  1,  1904. 

PURE  SCIENCES  [016  :  5]. 

McPike,    E.    F.     A    bibliography    of    Halley's 
Comet ;  1910  return.— Popular  Astronomy,  xii.  455. 

APPLIED  SCIENCES  [016  :  6]. 
[............]    Index  Medicus.     A  monthly  classified 

record  of  the  current  medical  literature  of  the 
*7Ey";-"£Wa8llinSton»  DXX]  Carnegie  Institution 
of  V\  ashington,  1898. 

CATALOGUES  [017]. 

[•••• ]    John  Crerar  Library,  Chicago.    A  list 

ot  the  current  periodicals  in  the  reading-room, 
June  1902  97pp.  Chicago,  1902.  See  II.  Classified 
-List,  01,  Bibliography,  p.  36. 

EUGENE  FAIRFIELD  McPiKE, 
Member  of  the  Institut  International  de 

Bibliographic,  Brussels. 
Chicago.         

CHRISTIANITY  AND  ITS  FORBEARS.  (See 
'Horseshoes  for  Luck,'  ante,  pp.  9,  90,  215.) 
—As  this  subject  has  widened,  1  venture  on 
a  new  heading  ;  but  I  should  say  that  this 
note  is  concerned  with  the  remarks  of  B.  W. 
at  the  last  reference  concerning  MR.  SNOW- 
DEN  WARD'S  statement  that  the  Roman 
Catholic  Christians  assign  the  blue  robe  and 
moon  of  Isis  to  the  Virgin  Mary.  B.  W.  takes 
t  as  obvious  that  such  attribution  "has 
nothing  whatever  to  do  with  heathen  my- 
thology," because  it  is  derived  from  the 
Apocalypse  of  St.  John  xii.  1.  Blue  robes 
are  then  traced  back  to  Numbers  xv.  38,  and 
noted  as  existing  in  present-day  Palestine. 
Finally  it  is  stated  that  "the  earliest  ex- 
amples we  can  find  of  Madonnas  in  art  are 
Byzantine— an  art  which  derived  its  inspira- 
tion from  the  Greek,  and  had  no  connexion 
whatever  with  anything  Egyptian." 

As  to  these  contentions,  I  may  be  allowed 
to  remark  that  the  New  Testament  cannot, 
any  less  than  the  Old,  be  treated  apart  as  if 
it  were  not  a  document  of  human  origin,  a 
step  in  the  history  of  culture  and  belief, 
depending  on  previous  steps.  If  blue  raiment 
is  traced  back  earlier,  why  should  not  the 
crescent  moon  of  the  Virgin  be  similarly 
derivative  1  Modern  masters  of  culture  and 
anthropology  (I  heard  one  of  them  deal  with 
this  very  point  a  few  days  ago  at  Oxford) 
clearly  recognize  that  features  of  the  worship 
ot  Cybele  and  Isis  were  transferred  to  the 
ritual  of  the  Virgin  Mary.  They  seem  to  me 
tully  justified  in  so  thinking.  A  recent 
re-reading  of  the  last  book  of  the  'Meta- 
morphoses '  of  Apuleius  suggests  irresistible 
coincidences  between  the  ritual  of  Isis  there 
depicted  and  the  ecclesiastical  ceremony  of 
the  Roman  Catholic  Church.  To  mention 
three  points  only:  I  find  Lucius,  the  new 


priest,  taking  the  tonsure  ;  I  find  Isis  called 
"Regina  Coali,"  Queen  of  Heaven,  like  the 
Virgin  ;  and  the  formula  of  dismissal,  Aaots 
a$eo-ts — not  noted,  by-the-by,  in  Liddell  and 
Scott — suggests  the  "Ite,  missa  est"  of  later 
services.  So  when  a  writer  talks  of  the 
earliest  Madonna  in  art,  the  anthropologist 
may  reply  that  there  is  another  still  earlier 
under  a  different  name,  or,  at  any  rate,  that 
it  is  unscientific  to  regard  such  a  Madonna 
as  devoid  of  artistic,  if  regrettably  pagan 
prototypes,  which  have  determined  even  its 
characteristic  features. 

As  regards  the  reference  in  the  Apocalypse, 
it  should  be  noted  that  this  splendid  record 
of  visions  is  associated  not  with  Palestine,  but 
Patmos.  It  shows  marked  divergences  in 
style  from  the  Fourth  Gospel,  attributed  to 
the  same  author.  One  critic  has  found  it 
Oriental,  another  Hellenic  in  stamp.  The 
two  influences  were  once  clearly  interdepen- 
dent, and  no  cleavage,  such  as  B.  W.  discovers- 
between  Byzantine  and  Egyptian,  can  be 
established  for  early  times.  Egypt  came 
before  Greece  in  statuary  of  the  first  mark. 

Christianity  is,  in  fact,  an  historical  reli- 
gion, and  such  broad  treatment  as  is 
suggested  above  should  not  be  offensive  to 
any  cultivated  mind.  It  is  certainly  not 
confined  to  anthropologists  and  agnostics, 
and  I  think  it  well  to  place  on  record  two  of 
the  many  statements  concerning  the  subject 
I  have  noted — the  first  by  a  clergyman  of  the 
Church  of  England  : — 

"  That  the  Christian  Church  in  its  cult,  in  its 
organization,  in  its  theology,  assimilated  and  trans- 
muted notions  and  usages  of  many  peoples,  nations, 
and  languages,  is  a  historical  fact,  and  is  an  objec- 
tion to  the  Christian  Religion  only  in  the  minds 
of  those  who  confuse  origin  with  significance,  and 
think  that  what  has  developed  from  a  simpler 
state  may  be  judged  by  the  criterion  of  its  earlier 
form.  The  true  nature  of  a  thing  is  not  what  it 
starts  from,  but  what  it  becomes.  Years  ago  Mrs. 
Carlyle  said,  in  her  pithy  way,  that  it  did  nob 
interest  her  to  know  whether  or  no  her  grand- 
father was  an  oyster,  as  she  certainly  was  not  one 
herself,  a  saying  which  implies  the  only  true 
method  for  regarding  any  historical  institution." 
— 'Christianity  and  History'  (Finch  &  Co.,  1905), 
by  J.  N.  Figgis. 

The  writer  just  quoted  adds  a  passage  from 
John  Henry  Newman,  the  most  distinguished 
representative  in  this  country  for  many  years, 
of  the  Roman  Catholic  creed  : — 

"The  doctrine  of  a  Trinity  is  found  both  in  the 
East  and  in  the  West ;  so  is  the  ceremony  of  wash- 
ing ;  so  is  the  rite  of  Sacrifice.  The  doctrine  of  the 
Divine  Word  is  Platonic  ;  the  doctrine  of  the  In- 
carnation is  Indian  ;  of  a  divine  kingdom  is  Judaic ; 
of  angels  and  demons  is  Magian  ;  the  connexion  of 
sin  with  the  body  is  Gnostic  ;  celibacy  is  known  to 
Bonze  and  Talapoin ;  a  sacerdotal  order  is  Egyptian ; 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io<-  s.  111.  APRIL  i,  1905. 


the  idea  of  a  new  birth  is  Chinese  and  Eleusinian  ; 
belief  in  sacramental  virtue  is  Pythagorean ;  and 
honours  to  the  dead  are  a  polytheism." 

In  face  of  such  declarations  students  of  the 
human  faculty  and  its  development,  whatever 
their  belief,  ought  to  be  allowed  to  prosecute 
their  researches  without  being  abused.  The 
words  "pagan"  and  "heathen,"  curiously 
•enough,  are  etyrnologically  free  from  the 
suggestion  of  unbelief  and  patronage  which 
the  overwhelming  force  of  Christianity  has 
impressed  upon  them.  They  merely  mean  a 
dweller  in  the  village  and  the  heath.  But 
their  association  with  benighted  ignorance 
may  well  be  offensive  to  those  who  are  ac- 
quainted with  great  minds  like  those  of 
./Eschylus,  Socrates,  Plato,  Lucretius,  espe- 
cially in  a  general  state  of  culture  which 
does  not  recognize  their  importance,  though 
the  world  of  to-day  derives  benefit  from  their 
imperishable  legacy  to  human  thought. 

HIPPOCLIDES. 

RUSSIAN  BALTIC  FLEET  IN  1788.  —  The 
Gazetteer  and  New  Daily  Advertiser  of 
Tuesday,  8  July,  1788,  has  the  following 
under  the  head  "  Petersburg!],  Extract  of  a 
Letter,  June  10  "  : — 

"Though  everything  has  been  hurry  and  con- 
fusion here  for  several  weeks  past,  the  fleet  has  not 
yet  sailed,  nor  is  it,  indeed,  as  yet  ready ;  some  of 
the  large  ships,  from  70  to  80  guns,  at  Cronstadt, 
have  not  500  men  on  board,  and  of  those  half  at 
least  are  landsmen,  wholly  unacquainted  with 
naval  affairs.  The  vessels  on  the  Gulf  at  Archangel, 
and  other  places,  have  been  stript  for  sailors,  who 
are  arrived  here  ;  but  even  these  have  by  no  means 
equalled  the  demand  for  the  men-of-war  fitting 
out,  which  amounts  to  twenty-three  sail,  of  which 
seventeen  are  of  the  line,  from  66  to  100  guns,  of 
which  last  there  are  two,  on  board  one  of  which, 
Le  Catherine,  Admiral  (now  Comte)  Greig  has  his 
flag.  Paul  Jones,  by  which  name  the  American 
officer  is  known  here,  has  not  resigned  his  com- 
mand ;  the  majority  of  the  British  officers  refuse, 
however,  to  serve  under  him  ;  nor  has  any  step  yet 
been  taken  to  accommodate  the  difference.  This 
occasions  no  small  difficulties,  though  the  officers 
have  not  yet  left  their  ships:  their  remonstrances 
to  the  Admiralty  only  are  that  they  cannot  serve 
rander  the  American  ;  and  that  they  will  lay  down 
their  commissions  rather  than  serve." 

There  is  so  much  of  interest  in  this  that  I 
hope  space  may  be  found  for  it  in  '  N.  &  Q.' 
ERNEST  B.  SAVAGE. 
5St.  Thomas',  Douglas. 

WIRRAL  HERMIT. — The  following  extract 
from  The  Chester  Chronicle  of  24  December 
last  seems  to  deserve  record  in  'N.  &  Q.' : — 

"The  Hermit  of  Epping  was  a  commonplace 
character  compared  with  Frederick  Kruger,  the 
Hermit  of  Wallasey,  who  has  been  fined  at  Liscard 
for  keeping  nearly  a  score  of  dogs  without  a  license 
in  his  ramshackle  hut  on  the  seashore.  Kruger's 


shelter  is  a  corrugated  iron  shed,  12ft.  in  length 
and  6ft.  broad.  An  apology  for  a  chimney-pot 
peeps  from  the  roof.  There  are  two  '  windows,' 
one  without  glass,  the  other  stuffed  with  rag.  An 
outer  defence-work,  intended  for  intrusive  dogs 
and  asses,  is  composed  of  a  collection  of  broken 
bottles  with  protruding  business  ends.  Kruger 
himself  is  a  bent,  ill-clad,  garlic-flavoured  old  man 
of  some  sixty  years.  He  wears  a  rubber  collar,  a 
buttonless  waistcoat,  and  an  irrepressible  '  dickey.' 
He  carries  himself  absent-mindedly,  and  vows  that 
he  has  completely  forgotten  his  age.  But  Kruger  is 
not  so  ill-favoured  as  he  looks.  Until  he  was 
compelled  to  part  with  it,  there  was  inside  his  hut 
a  grand  piano,  on  which  he  played  the  old  masters 
to  his  audience  of  scarecrow  dogs ;  and  being  a 
scholar  and  a  linguist,  he  occasionally  treats  them 
to  readings  from  the  Greek  and  Latin  classics, 
varied  with  original  discourses  in  English,  French, 
and  Italian.  Kruger  was  a  law  graduate  of  Meck- 
lenburg. He  studied  at  Munich,  Rostock,  Berlin, 
and  Leipzig  Universities  for  the  German  consular 
service.  He  could  have  joined  the  staff  in  Peking, 
but  he  wanted  a  European  appointment,  and, 
failing  that,  he  preferred  his  present  romantic 
existence,  in  which  he  is  supported  by  a  periodical 
allowance  from  Germany.  The  fact  that  he  has 
not  a  friend  in  the  world  disturbs  him  not ;  all  he 
asks  is  to  be  left  alone  with  his  devoted  dogs  and 
his  companionable  books." 

T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 
Lancaster. 

VADSTENA  CHURCH,  NORWAY.  —  In  the 
church  at  Vadstena  is  the  following  interest- 
ing inscription  in  Latin,  running  round  the 
edges  of  an  incised  slab,  which  is  translated 
by  Du  Chaillu  in  his  '  Land  of  the  Midnight 
Sun'  (vol.  ii.  p.  338)  accompanying  a  sketch 
of  it  :— 

"  Here  rests  her  Highness  Queen  Philippa,  wife 
of  Erik,  formerly  King  of  Sweden,  Gotaland, 
Denmark,  and  Norway,  and  Duke  of  Pomerariia — 
daughter  of  Henry  IV.,  King  of  England,  France, 
and  Ireland— who  died  on  the  5th  of  January, 
1430." 

She  was  the  youngest  child  of  Henry  IV., 
was  born  at  Peterborough  in  1394,  and  died 
at  Vadstena  1430,  aged  thirty-six  years.  On 
the  slab  is  incised  the  Crucifixion,  the  feet  of 
the  figure  perforated  by  one  nail.  On  the 
dexter  side  is  the  coat  of  arms  of  England 
impaled  with  that  of  France,  surmounted 
with  a  helmet  having  on  it  the  crest  of 
England.  The  lady  was,  of  course,  the  grand- 
daughter of  the  celebrated  Queen  Philippa, 
consort  of  Edward  III. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory.Woodbridge. 

SPENSER'S  '  EPITHALAMION.'— This  famous 
poem  has  some  curious  small  flaws  in  tech- 
nique, which  I  point  out  in  the  hope  that  a 
better  text  may  be  producible  than  any  to 
which  I  have  access. 

It  consists  of  twenty-three  stanzas,  elabo- 


in.  APRIL  LIDOS.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


247 


rately  melodious  in  rime-effects.  Five  stanzas 
(Xos.  1,  2,  4,  5,  6)  are  of  eighteen  lines,  rimed 
ababccdcdeefggf/xx,  those  in  italic  being 
short  lines.  Three  stanzas  (Xos.  10,  16,  21)  of 
eighteen  lines  are  a  variant  of  the  same  form, 
viz.,  ababccdcdc?fggfy?/xx  ;  that  is,  instead  of 
a  third  f  we  have  a  third  d,  and  instead  of  an 
e  couplet  in  the  middle,  a  y  couplet  penul- 
timate. 

Thirteen  stanzas  (Nos.  3,  7-9,  11-14,  17-19, 
20,  22)  are  of  nineteen  lines  :  ababccdcdeefgg- 
fy.yxx.  Of  these,  No.  11  is  reduced  to  the 
norm  by  reading  \vom&nhed  in  the  eighth 
line.  As  the  present  reading  womanAoodf 
rimes  to  nothing,  the  emendation  is  as  cer- 
tain as  it  is  slight. 

There  remain  two  abnormal  stanzas.  No.  15 
has  only  seventeen  lines.    The  interpolation 
of  a  tenth  line  d  would  assimilate  it  to  the 
type  of  Nos.  10, 16,  21.    For  example  :— 
When  once  the  Crab  behind  his  back  he  sees, 

[and  down  to  southward  flees:] 
or     [that  wounded  Hercules.] 

The  twenty-third  stanza  (eighteen  lines) 
could  be  assimilated  to  the  nineteen-liners  by 
the  insertion  of  an  antepenultimate  y.  This 
is  the  more  desirable,  as  the  penultimate  line 
at  present  has  no  matching  rime  at  all. 
So  let  us  rest,  sweet  love,  in  hope  of  this, 

[taking  the  present  bliss,] 
and  cease  till  then,  &c. 

H.  K.  ST.  J.  S. 

JOHN  GWYNNETH.— The  'D.N.B.,'  xxiii.  408, 
says  :  "Probably  he  died  before  the  end  of 
Queen  Mary's  reign."  However,  '  The  Chro- 
nicle of  St.  Monica's,  Louvain,3  edited  by 
Dom  Adam  Hamilton  (London,  Sands,  1904), 
at  p.  81,  speaking  of  Jane  Vaughan,  whose 
mother  was  a  Tudor  of  the  blood  royal, 
says  : — 

"Her  uncle  by  the  mother's  side,  named  Mr. 
Guinnith,  who  was  a  priest  and  had  been  curate  of 
a  parish  church  in  London  in  Catholic  times  [i.e., 
rector  of  St.  Peter's,  Cheapside,  1545  to  1556],  could 
not  assist  her  in  all  so  well  as  he  desired,  being  a 
long  time  kept  in  prison  when  heresy  came  in." 

Jane  Vaughan,  then  widow  Wiseman,  died 
1610.  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

THE  WEEPING  WILLOW. —The  distinctive 
name  of  this  species  of  willow  is  in  allusion 
to  Ps.  cxxxvii.  2,  for  which  reason  also 
Linnaeus  gave  it  the  botanic  name  Salix  baby- 
Ionic^  though  it  is  really  a  native  of  China 
and  the  Far  East.  But  this  derivation  from 
the  Psalm  is  obscured  in  the  Prayer  Book  ver- 
sion by  the  rendering  there  given,  "  upon  the 
trees  that  are  therein."  This  was  first  adopted 
by  Coverdale  (1535)  and  copied  into  the  Great 
Bible;  but  the  translators  of  1611  restored 
the  word  "  willow,"  which  is,  in  fact,  used  in  a 


different  form  in  the  WycUffite  versions.  The 
Septuagint  has  ITTI  rats  treats ;  the  Vulgate 
"in  salicibus"  (of  course  in  these  the  Psalm 
is  numbered  cxxxvi.).  The  Hebrew  word  is 
2.TIV,  and  I  do  not  think  there  is  any  doubt 
that  this  means  a  "  willow  ";  it  is  so  rendered 
in  Isa.  xv.  7  and  xliv.  4,  as  well  as  in  a  few 
other  places,  so  that  it  is  difficult  to  see  why 
Coverdale  gave  the  more  indefinite  word 
"tree."  W.  T.  LYNN. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  sent  to  them 
direct  

AUTHORS  AND  THEIR  FIRST  BOOKS.— I  am 
anxious  to  obtain  particulars  of  the  adven- 
tures and  misadventures  of  authors  with 
their  first  books,  and  the  names  of  both. 
Many  facts  and  much  fiction  surround  the 
subject,  and  my  object  is  to  get  at  the  truth. 
Any  information  will  be  received  gratefully. 
If  agreeable,  please  write  direct  to 

S.  J.  ADAIR  FITZ-GERALD. 

9,  Brunswick  Square,  W.C. 

[Was  there  not  a  series  in  The  Idler  on  '  Authors 
and  their  First  Books  '  ?] 

ST.  AYLOTT. — There  is  an  ancient  house 
near  Saffron  Walden,  moated,  and  decorated 
with  much  carved  work,  which  has  long 
been  known  as  St.  Aylott's.  Will  some 
reader  inform  me  whether  Aylott  is  a  saint 
recognized  in  any  calendar  1 

I.  CHALKLEY  GOULD. 

DIVING-BELL.— Can  any  of  your  readers 
tell  me  when  the  diving-bell  was  first  made 
use  of  in  England  or  Scotland?  I  find  it 
employed  at  Tobermory  in  Mull,  in  the  year 
1665,  to  attempt  to  recover  treasure  from  the 
Spanish  vessel  lying  there  at  the  bottom  of 
the  sea.  Was  this  the  first  occasion  of  its 
being  used  ?  JOHN  WILLCOCK. 

Lerwick. 

[The  first  quotation  in  the  'N.E.D.'  is  from 
Evelyn's  'Diary,'  19  July,  1661:  "We  tried  our 
Diving-Bell,  or  Engine,  in  the  water  -  dock  at 
Deptford."] 

WAR  MEDALS.— I  should  be  glad  to  hear 
from  your  readers  the  best  book  on  English 
war  medals,  &c.  I  want  one  thoroughly  up 
to  date,  and  giving  all  clasps,  colours  of 
ribbons,  &c.  C.  J.  MITCHELL,  Major. 

Barracks,  Tipperary. 

BATTLE-AXE  GUARD.— Officers  in  this  corps 
are  alluded  to  in  Historical  Manuscripts 
Commission  Reports,  time  of  Charles  II. 


248 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io*  8.  in.  APRIL  i.  IMS. 


What  was  the  corps  ?  Why  were  they  so 
called  1  Are  they  embodied  in  another  regi- 
ment? E.  G.  C. 

[The  explanation  of  the  name  may  be  seen  in  the 
following  extract  from  The  London  Gazette  of  1709  : 
"  His  Excellency  proceeded  to  the  Castle,  attended 
by  the  Privy-Council,  with  the  Guard  of  Battel- 
Axes"  ('N.E.D.,'  s.v.).  Several  works  in  which 
information  may  be  found  are  mentioned  at  8th  S. 
vi.  18.] 

VULGATE.  —  No  critical  edition  of  the 
Vulgate  has,  I  believe,  been  printed  in  this 
country  at  anything  approaching  to  a  mode- 
rate price.  Such  seems  desirable.  Will  not 
one  of  our  great  publishing  firms— say  one  of 
our  University  presses— oblige  us  with  it  ] 

MARO. 

"FEBRUARY  FILL  DYKE." — This  locution  is 
so  common  as  to  be  "proverbial."  Every 
one  whom  I  ask  knows  it ;  and  I  observe 
that  "  Luke  Ellis,"  in  a  letter  to  The  Echo, 
uses  it,  but  offers  no  explanation  of  its  origin. 
Can  any  reader  explain  it  1 

I  ought  to  add  that  I  have  searched  at  the 
B.M.  both  of  Dr.  Brewer's  books,  dictionaries, 
and  other  possible  sources  of  information,  but 
in  vain.  As  a  matter  of  "statistics"  it  is 
not  tnie.  EDWARD  P.  WOLFERSTAN. 

[We  have  been  long  familiar  with  the  weather 
saying,  "January  freeze  pot  to  fire;  February  fill 
dyke ;  March  comes  and  mucks  it  out."  See  also 
9th  S.  v.  188,  277,384,  502.] 

VON  GORDON  FAMILY.— In  December,  1889, 
General  Hellmuth  von  Gordon  died  at 
Dresden.  At  the  present  moment  there  are 
several  Von  Gordons  in  the  German  army, 
notably  Hauptmann  von  Gordon,  of  the 
Hanseatic  Infantry  Regiment  (No.  27),  and 
Oberlieutenants  Franz  and  Adolf,  of  the 
Guard  Cuirassier  Regiment.  Can  any  of 
your  German  readers  give  information  about 
this  family  ?  Is  it  of  Scots  origin  ? 

J.  M.  BULLOCH. 

118,  Pall  Mall,  S.W. 

CROMER  STREET.— I  shall  be  pleased  to 
have  some  information  about  the  history 
and  architectural  eccentricities  of  No.  123, 
Cromer  Street.  Built  at  the  back  of  a  paved 
yard,  about  8  ft.  below  the  ground-level,  the 
front  wall,  terminating  just  above  the  second 
floor,  is  ornamented  in  a  remarkable  manner. 
In  addition  to  several  busts,  plaques,  and 
grotesque  heads,  there  are  two  shields  bearing 
long  inscriptions  in  Hebrew  characters,  now 
almost  obliterated  with  paint.  A  floriated 
design  in  relief  runs  up  both  sides,  and  the 
roof-line  is  crowned  by  a  stone  lion.  The 
present  occupiers  have  no  information  other 
than  that  "it  was  occupied  by  a  Mr.  Lucas, 


who  was  a  builder,  and  did  work  probably 
for  a  good  many  of  the  Jewish  families  in 
the  neighbourhood."  Some  better  explanation 
must  be  forthcoming.  The  difference  of  level 
seems  to  indicate  that  it  was  built  before  the 
thoroughfare  and  neighbouring  property 
was  laid  out.  Its  appearance,  and  the  name 
of  the  court  at  the  side  (Lucas  Place, 
formerly  Greenland  Grove),  suggest  its  first 
comparative  isolation  ;  and  the  inscription 
and  ornamentation  justify  a  belief  in  some 
association  with  Richard  Brothers  or  one  of 
his  enthusiastic  converts.  These  are  only 
suggested  clues  to  what  is  probably  aa 
interesting  incident  in  local  history. 

ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 
39,  Hillmarton  Road,  N. 

THE  HORSEFERRY,  WESTMINSTER.— Was  this 
place  ever  recognized  as  one  from  which 
distances  were  officially  measured  1  I  raise 
this  query,  as  on  the  wall  of  a  wharf  a  few 
yards  north  of  Lambeth  Bridge,  and  either 
now  or  very  recently  in  the  occupation  of 
Alcott's  Paving  and  Construction  Company, 
Limited,  nearly  opposite  Romney  (late  Vine) 
Street,  and  numbered  (>5,  Millbank  Street,  is 
a  diamond-shaped  iron  tablet  bearing  the 
inscription  "2i  miles  from  the  Post  Office." 
There  is  no  date  or  other  indication  of  the 
age  of  the  tablet  (which  is  in  a  good  state 
of  preservation),  nor  any  clue  as  to  the 
authority  by  which  it  was  placed  in  position. 
I  suppose  the  post  office  alluded  to  is  that  in 
Lombard  Street,  as  Walcott,  in  '  Memorials 
of  Westminster,'  1849,  says  : — 

"  The  Government  contractor,  Mr.  Vidler,  lived 
in  a  house  that  had  been  built  in  the  middle  of  Mill- 
bank  by  Sir  John  Crosse,  Bart.,  the  brother  of  the 
brewer ;  and  to  it  the  mailcoaches,  before  the 
unromantic  days  of  railroads,  used  to  be  driven  in 
annual  procession  upon  the  King's  birthday,  from 
Lombard  Street.  At  noon,  the  horses  belonging  to 
the  different  mails  being  decked  out  with  new  har- 
ness—the guards  and  coachmen  decorated  with 
beautiful  nosegays — the  postboys  in  scarlet  jackets 
on  horseback  in  advance,  the  cavalcade  set  out ; 
and  at  5  P.M.  returned  to  the  General  Post  Office." 

The  tablet  has  often  excited  not  a  little 
comment,  but,  so  far  as  I  can  trace,  nothing 
has  been  definitely  learnt  about  it.  I  can  find 
no  mention  of  the  place  in  any  of  the  books 
of  roads  I  have  been  able  to  look  at. 

W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY. 

Westminster. 

LITTLE  OF  HALSTEAD. — I  should  be  glad  if 
you  or  one  of  your  readers  could  give  me 
information  as  to  the  meaning  of  the 
following  arms  and  crest,  or  tell  me  how  they 
might  have  been  obtained.  They  are  given  in 
A  Visitation  of  Essex,'  1664-8,  and  the  same 


s  in.  APRIL  1,1905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


249 


1634  by  Clarencieux,  I  believe  (or  possibly 
Eouge  Dragon). 

"Arms  of  Litle  of  Hahted.— Sable,  a  pillar  ducallj 
crowned  between  two  wings  expanded  and  joinec 
to  the  base  of  the  last,  impaling  gules,  two  lions 
passant  ermine  (Sorrell).  Crest,  a  cock  standing  on 
an  arrow  or,  combed  and  wattled  gules  (Litle)."— 
Visitation  of  1634. 

"Arms  of  Littdl  of  Hoisted.— Sable,  a  column 
between  two  wings  emanating  from  the  base  of  the 
column  and  surmounted  by  a  ducal  coronet  or 
Crest,  a  cock  or,  combed  and  wattled  gules,  stand 
ing  on  an  arrow  lying  fesswise  of  the  first.  Geoffrey 
Litle  of  Halstead,  in  com.  Essex,  died  1521  and  is 
there  buried.  Will  dated  21  Jan.  1521."— Visitation 
of  16G4-8. 

W.  F.  LITTLE. 

PALINDROME.— I  find  the  following  palin- 
drome in  a  contemporary.     Will   some  one 
give  me  a  literal  translation  and  explain  the 
word  "arepo,"  which  puzzles  me  immensely? 
Sator  arepo  tenet  opera  rotas. 

W.  H.  M. 

MACERLEAN  SURNAME.— This  well-known 
Ulster  family  name  is  from  the  Gaelic 
MacGiollaEain,  "  son  of  the  slave  of  John." 
It  has  always  had  a  fascination  for  me, 
because  it  is  exceptional  as  a  transcription. 
In  most  other  surnames  which  have  as  their 
middle  element  the  word  yiolla  it  is  angli- 
cized as  il,  el,  oral ;  for  example,  Macll  heron, 
MacElfatrick,  MacAleese,  from  the  Gaelic 
MacGiollaChiarain  ("son  of  the  slave  of 
Ciaran"),  MacGiollaPhadruig  ("son  of  the 
slave  of  Patrick  "),  MacGiollalosa  ("  son  of 
the  slave  of  Jesus  ").  There  are  a  few  instances 
in  which  c/iolla  appears  in  English  as  a  mere 
vowel,  a  or  e—e.g.,  MacAreavey,  MacEvoy, 
from  the  Gaelic  MacGiollaRiabhaigh,  Mac- 
GiollaBhuidhe.  But  MacErlean  comes  under 
none  of  these  heads.  It  is  unique.  Is  there 
any  reason  why  the  word  giolla,  in  this  name 
alone,  should  appear  in  the  English  form 
as  erl  ?  Can  any  reader  tell  us  how  far  back 
this  perplexing  erl  can  be  traced  1 

JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

'  SECRETS  IN  ART  AND  NATURE.'  —  A 
pamphlet  entitled  l  Secrets  in  Art  and 
Nature 'was  advertised  to  be  published  in 
The  Liverpool  Advertiser  of  11  February,  1757. 
Author,  Thomas  Laurenson,  engraver  ;  pub- 
lisher, 11.  Williamson,  Liverpool.  Can  any 
one  inform  me  where  a  copy  can  be  seen  ? 

W.  TURNER. 

48,  High  Street,  Buxton,  Derbyshire. 

OPHELIA.— Can  any  of  your  readers  tell 
me  if  the  name  Ophelia  occurs  in  parish 
registers  or  family  records  before  the  publi- 
cation of  'Hamlet'?  or  is  it  at  all  known 
whence  Shakespeare  derived  the  name  ?  It 


occurs  in  Sannazaro's  'Arcadia'  (first  pub- 
lished in  1504),  Egloga  Nona,  as  Ofelia,  and  as 
the  name  of  a  herdsman  ;  but  it  does  not 
appear  to  be  classical.  A  family  table  states 
that  one  John  Rickman,  who  was  baptized  at 
Stanton  Prior, 25  March,  1587, married  Ophelia 
Marchant.  As  their  only  child,  John,  was 
baptized  at  Stanton  Prior,  7  July,  1611,  we 
may  suppose  that  Ophelia  Marchant  was 
born  between  1587  and  1590;  but  this  is 
before  the  first  sketch  of  '  Hamlet.'  A.  F. 

[MR.  F.  ADAMS  at  8th  S.  xi.  104  drew  attention  to 
the  occurrence  of  Ofelia  as  a  masculine  name  in 
Sannazaro's  'Arcadia.''] 

"  OUR  LIVES  ARE  SONGS." — In  what  book  by 
the  Rev.  Thomas  Gibbons — a  Nonconformist 
clergj'rnan  living  in  London  in  the  eighteenth 
century — are  to  be  found  these  lines  ? — 
Our  lives  are  songs  ;  God  writes  the  words, 

We  set  them  to  music  at  leisure, 
And  the  song  grows  glad  or  the  song  grows  sad 
As  we  choose  to  fashion  the  measure. 

D.  M. 

Philadelphia. 

WARLOW,  GERMAN  PLACE-NAME.— Can  any 
one  tell  me  the  origin  of  the  German  place- 
name  Warlow  ?  According  to  a  gazetteer  of 
the  world,  there  are  two  villages  of  this  name, 
one  in  Mecklenburg-Schwerin  and  another 
in  Prussia.  Can  any  historical  fact  in  con- 
nexion with  either  be  given  ?  G.  H.  W. 

EARRINGS  :  THEIR  HISTORY.— I  am  anxious 
to  discover  whether  there  is  any  modern 
work  on  this  subject.  About  1830  or  there- 
abouts a  small  work  was  published  entitled 
'The  Practice  of  wearing  Earrings  :  its  Anti- 
quity ' ;  but  I  have  been  so  far  unable  to 
find  a  copy  of  it.  Perhaps  some  reader  of 
'N.  &  Q.'  may  know  of  other  literature 
dealing  with  this  practice,  which,  after  nearly 
dying  out,  seems  to  be  reviving  again. 

FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 

E.  SAMUEL. — On  p.  viii  of  the  appendix  to 

The  British  Code'  (referred  to  ante,  pp.  49, 

94)  I  find  this  remark  :  "  An  ingenious  and 

ntelligent  author,  in  an   historical  account 

of  the  British  army,  under  the  name  of  E. 

Samuel." 

What  was  the  author's  real  name  ?  He 
appears  only  to  have  written  the  above  book 
under  the  name  of  Samuel. 

RALPH  THOMAS. 

TWINS.— I  shall  be  glad  if  any  readers  will 
lelp  me  to  cases  of  twins,  especially  well- 
unown  people,  alive  or  close  to  our  own  time, 

o  show  :  1.  Close  likeness,  mental  as  well 
physical.  2.  Great  dissimilarity,  mental 
and  physical.  RUDOLPH  DE  CORDOVA. 


250 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io*  s.  m.  APRIL  i,  1905. 


JACOBEAN  HOUSES  IN  FLEET  STREET. 
(10th  S.  iii.  206.) 

THE  interesting  old  house  which  formed 
vhe  subject  of  the  letter  from  Bray  to  Nichols, 
of  which  the  contents  have  been  communicated 
oy  MR.  ALECK  ABRAHAMS,  was  not  situated 
in  Fleet  Street,  but  in  Shoe  Lane,  on  the  site 
of  the  present  Farringdon  Works.  It  repre- 
sented the  ancient  building  called  by  Stow 
"Oldborne  Hall,"  which,  according  to  the 
old  chronicler,  was  ''letten  out  into  diuers 
Tenementes"  ('Survey,'  ed.  1603,  p.  392).  It 
was,  in  fact,  the  old  Manor  House  of  the 
Manor  of  Holborn,  which  descended  from 
Henry  de  Lacy,  Earl  of  Lincoln,  to  the  Le 
Stranges  and  Stanleys,  Earls  of  Derby.  At 
the  end  of  the  sixteenth  century  it  was 
known  as  Derby  House.  In  the  time  of 
James  I.  the  old  house  was  wholly  or  par- 
tially pulled  down  and  reconstructed,  and  it 
again  became  fit  for  a  nobleman's  residence. 
The  history  of  the  house  during  the  seven- 
teenth and  eighteenth  centuries  is  obscure, 
and  it  seems  to  have  passed  into  various 
hands.  In  1807,  according  to  Hughson's 
'London,'  iv.  32,  the  principal  apartment 
had  been  very  lately  used  for  a  Dissenting 
meeting.  It  then  passed  into  the  hands  of 
Messrs.  Pontifex,  Sons  &  Wood,  after  having 
been  used  as  a  coal  shed  and  broker's  shop. 
Brayley,  who  gives  this  information  in  his 
'  Londiniana,'  ii.  187,  adds  : — 

"Almost  all  the  buildings  between  that  spot 
and  Stonecutter  Street  have  been  very  recently 
demolished  to  make  room  for  the  new  Fleet  Market, 
which  is  now  in  a  rapid  course  of  erection." 
Brayley's  book  was  published  in  1829,  the 
same  year  as  that  in  which  Mr.  Bray  wrote 
his  letter.  The  old  house  did  not  come  down 
as  soon  as  was  anticipated,  for  a  fairly  full 
description  of  it  will  be  found  in  Allen's 
'History  of  London,'  edited  by  Thomas 
Wright  in  1839.  When  it  was  finally  pulled 
down  and  the  present  buildings  erected  on 
its  site  I  have  been  unable  to  discover,  but  it 
was  standing  in  1855,  as  Mr.  Newton  in  his 
'London  in  the  Olden  Time,'  p.  90,  says  :— 

"A  part  of  the  mansion  is  yet  standing,  and  bears 
marks  of  some  antiquity;  it  is  presumed,  however, 
that  this  is  not  the  original  Oldborne  Hall  men- 
tioned by  Stow,  as  it  is  evidently  an  erection  of  the 
time  of  James  I." 

It  must  have    been  demolished  very  soon 
after  these  words  were  written. 

A  view  of  the  old  house,  drawn  and 
engraved  by  Banks,  was  published  by  E. 
Wilkinson  on  1  January,  1823,  and  was  in- 
cluded by  him  in  his  'Londina  Illustrata.' 


The  building  is  stated  to  have  been  then 
"  in  the  occupation  of  Messrs.  Pontifex  Sons 
&  Wood,  Copper  and  Brass  Founders." 
Above  the  sketch  of  the  house  is  a  representa- 
tion of  the  fine  Jacobean  ceiling  which 
adorned  the  principal  room.  On  this  ceiling 
there  are  three  shields  with  the  royal  arms 
(one  of  them  impaling  the  arms  of  Anne  of 
Denmark),  two  medallions  (containing  re- 
spectively profiles  of  llomulus  and  Lucretia), 
and  the  date  1617.  In  style  the  ceiling 
resembles  that  which  still  exists  at  No.  17, 
Fleet  Street.  On  another  plate  Wilkinson 

gave  a  representation  of  the  beautiful  carved 
replace  and  mantelpiece  which  were  con- 
tained in  the  same  room.  I  have  been 
courteously  informed  by  a  member  of  the 
family  to  whom  the  house  belonged  that 
the  ceiling  and  mantelpiece  were  given  by  the 
then  possessor  to  Alderman  Harmer,  who  wa 
building  a  house  at  the  time  somewhere  on 
the  Lower  Thames — my  informant  believes  at 
Greenhithe.  As  Alderman  Harmer  died  in 
1853,  it  is  probable  that  the  principal  apart- 
ment was  dismantled  some  years  before  the 
house  was  finally  demolished.  It  s  possible 
that  these  fine  relics  of  antiquity  may  be 
still  in  existence,  and  any  information  with 
regard  to  them  or  to  the  house  in  general 
would  be  gratefully  welcomed.  The  gentle- 
man to  whom  I  am  indebted  for  the  fore- 
going particulars  tells  me  that,  in  consequence 
of  the  royal  arms  ornamenting  the  ceiling, 
the  house  was  popularly  regarded  as  one  of 
the  palaces  of  James  I.,  although  there  is  no 
evidence  that  it  was  ever  occupied  by  that 
monarch.  W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 


CON-  CONTRACTION  (10th  S.  ii.  427;  iii.  Ill, 
152). — I  fully  agree  with  MR.  INGLEBY  and 
Q.  V.  that  MR.  WILLIAMS  did  not  answer  my 
question,  which  was  whether  the  reversed  C 
was  ever  called  "  the  horn."  He  says  that  in 
'Love's  Labour's  Lost'  the  letter  C  (not  re- 
versed) is  called  "the  horn."  This  of  course 
is  begging  the  question.  If  by  "  the  horn  " 
is  meant  the  con  per  se,  then  "  ab  spelled 
backward  with  the  horn  on  his  head"  is 
Bacon  without  the  help  of  the  extra  syllable 
"on"  which  MR.  WILLIAMS  brings  in.  It  is 
not  necessary  to  be  frightened  about  this  ;  it 
does  not  prove  that  "  Bacon  wrote  Shake- 
speare"; but  it  would  be  interesting  to  de- 
termine how  the  name  got  there. 

In  regard  to  the  time  when  the  use  of  the 
contraction  was  abandoned,  the  Librarian 
of  Congress  at  Washington  informs  me  that 
it  was  in  use  in  the  sixteenth  century  ;  I  do 
not  know  how  late  in  that  century,  but  of 
course  it  might  be  referred  to  after  it  had 


io*s.  in.  APRIL  i,i905.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


251 


gone  out  of  general  use.  I  cannot  refer,  as 
requested  by  Q.  V.,  to  early  books  contain- 
ing the  mark  ;  but  the  dictionaries  of  print- 
ing give  the  various  forms,  and  some  of  them 
seem  to  me  very  like  a  horn.  I  have  not 
supposed  that  "the  horn"  was  the  correct 
name  of  the  sign ;  but  it  would  seem  quite 
likely  that  the  printers  might  designate  it 
by  some  such  term  rather  than  by  a  French 
or  Latin  one.  Whether  they  did  so  is  what 
I  am  trying  to  learn.  QUIRINUS. 

[Reply  also  from  Mr.  R.  L.  MORETOX.] 

MARMONT  FAMILY  (10th  S.  iii.  189).— The 
Marshal  of  the  Empire  was  Auguste-Frederic- 
Louis  Viesse  (not  Victor)  de  Marmont,  Due 
de  Raguse.  His  arms  were : — 

"  Ecartel£ :  aux  ler  et  4e,  d'argent,  a  trois  bandes 
de  gueules ;  au  2e,  d'or  a  1'etendard  de  gueules 
batonue,  pose"  en  bande  et  charge^  d'une  croix 
d'argent ;  au  3e,  parti  d'azur  k  la  croix  de  Lorraine 
d'or  et  de  gueules  a  l'6pee  flamboyante  d'argent, 
posee  en  pal ;  au  chef  brochant  des  dues  de  1'empire." 

He  belonged  to  an  old  military  family, 
originally  of  Burgundy,  whose  arms  are  : — 

"D'azur  a  une  croix  double  et  pattee  d'or,  parti 
de  gueules  a  une  main  s^nestre  de  carnation  sortant 
d'une  nuee  d'argent,  mouvant  de  la  partition,  et 
tenant  une  epee  flamboyante  aussi  d'argent." 

I  copy  from  the  French. 

R.  W.  PHIPPS,  Colonel. 

SCHOOLS  FIRST  ESTABLISHED  (10*  S.  iii.  209). 
—Will  T.  B.  L.  kindly  give  reference  to  MS. 
or  book  in  which  he  found  a  bequest  for 
sending  an  heir  to  school,  and  set  out  the 
whole  passage?  Without  it,  it  is  impossible  to 
tell  whether  ad  scolas  (for  so,  and  not  scholas, 
would  it  be  spelt  in  1483)  meant  the  University 
or  a  grammar  (i.e.,  secondary)  school. 

Will  he  also  abstain  from  seeking  schools 
in  monasteries  ?  Education  was  not  the 
business  or  the  pleasure  of  monks,  but  of  the 
secular  clergy  or  of  laymen.  The  monks 
controlled  some  schools,  but  taught  none. 
Their  own  schools  were  no  schools,  only  a 
knot  of  novices  learning  the  rule  of  the  order, 
with,  especially  in  later  times,  grammar  or 
song  thrown  in.  See,  on  the  origin  of  West- 
minster School,  Journal  of  Education  for 
January  last. 

And,  Mr.  Editor,  please  verify  your  refer- 
ences. I  lost  a  great  deal  of  time  because  you 
referred  T.  B.  L.  to  9th  S.  instead  of  10th  S. 
i.  166,  215,  257,  269.  I  hoped  it  was  some- 
thing new  on  the  subject.  A.  F.  LEACH. 

If  T.  B.  L.  wishes  information  as  to  schools 
in  England,  he  will  find  much  in  Miss  Rose 
Graham's  paper,  '  The  Intellectual  Influence 
of  English  Monasticism  between  the  Tenth 
and  the  Twelfth  Centuries/ in  the  seventeenth 


volume  of  the  new  series  of  Transactions  of 
the  Royal  Historical  Society  (1903).     Q.  V. 

[We  are  sorry  for  the  trouble  caused  by  the  wrong 
reference.] 

BISHOP  COLENSO  (10th  S.  iii.  187).— A  long 
account  of  Bishop  Colenso  is  given  in  the 
following  :  'Diet.  Nat.  Biog.,'  vol.  xi. ;  Boase 
and  Courtney's  'Bibl.  Cornub.';  F.  Boase's 
'  Mod.  Eng.  Biog.,'  vol.  i. ;  « The  English  Cyclo- 
paedia,'Biog.  Supplement;  'Men  of  theReign'; 
and  '  Celebrities  of  the  Century.'  Miss  AGAR 
uses  the  word  "  severance."  I  think  it  doubt- 
ful whether  Colenso  ever  considered  himself 
severed  from  the  Church  of  England ;  it  was 
the  opposition  party  who  took  the  name  of 
"  The  Church  of  South  Africa."  An  attempt 
was  made  in  1864  by  Bishop  Gray,  Metro- 
politan of  Cape  Colony,  to  depose,  and  later, 
even  to  excommunicate  him ;  but  Dr.  Colenso 
appealed  to  the  Crown,  the  result  being  that 
all  the  above  proceedings  were  pronounced 
"  null  and  void  "  in  law  by  the  Judicial  Com- 
mittee of  the  Privy  Council,  March,  1865. 
He  continued  to  occupy  his  see  until  his 
death,  20  June,  1883.  The  Rev.  Sir  G.  W. 
Cox  has  written  '  Life  of  J.  W.  Colenso,  D.D., 
Bishop  of  Natal.1  ANNIE  KATE  RANGE. 

An  answer  to  the  first  part  of  this  question 
will  be  found  in  vol.  ii.  of  '  The  Life  of  Robert 
Gray,  Bishop  of  Capetown,'  by  his  son  the 
Rev.  Charles  Gray. 

F.  E.  R.  POLLARD-URQUHART. 

Castle  Pollard,  Westnieath. 

The  third  volume  of  the  'Life  of  Bishop 
S.  Wilberforce,'  Canon  Benham's  'Life  of 
Archbishop  Tait,'  the  second  volume  of 
Bishop  Thirlwall's  'Remains,'  and  Dean 
Stanley's  'Essays  on  Church  and  State' 
should  be  referred  to.  F.  JARRATT. 

[W.  C.  B.  and  MR.  J.  A.  J.  HOUSDEX  also  thanked 
for  replies.] 

HERALDIC  (10th  S.  iii.  188).— MR.  ACKERLEY 
will  find  that  three  greyhounds,  and,  in 
chief,  three  hunting-horns,  are  the  arms  of 
the  Hunter  family.  S.  D.  C. 

PERSEHOUSE  :  SABINE  (10th  S.  iii.  167).— For 
the  Persehouse  pedigree  see  vol.  ii.  p.  222, 
Shaw's  'Staffordshire.'  References  to  this 
family  may  also  be  found  in  Foster's  '  Alumni 
Oxonienses.'  Six  gentlemen  with  this  sur- 
name are  mentioned  on  p.  358  of  Simms's 
'  Bibliotheca  Staffordiensis.' 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Bradford. 

A  few  years  ago  there  was  a  gentleman 
named  Mr.  Persehouse  Bailey  living  at 
Wolverhampton.  He  might,  if  still  there, 


252 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io*  s.  m.  APRIL  i,  1905. 


possibly  give  some  information  to  MR.  P. 
MONTFORT;  but  I  do  not  know  his  present 
address.  E.  A.  FRY. 

Birmingham. 

"GALAPINE"  (10th  S.  ii.  447,  531).— Au 
XVII.  siecle  on  appelait  galopinet  jeunes 
gargons  occupes  dans  les  menus  travaux  de 
cuisine. 

_  Voici  a  ce  propos,  avec  son  style  par- 
ticulier,  ce  que  disait  Francisco  Martinez 
Montifio,  chef  de  cuisine  du  roi  Philippe  IV., 
dans  son  livre  'Arte  de  Cocina,  Pasteleria, 
Vizcocheria  y  Conserveria ' : — 

"Si  fuere  posible,  no  tengas  picaros  sin  partido, 
y  si  los  tuvieres,  procura  con  el  Senor  que  les  de 
algo,  6  con  el  limosnero,  porque  puedan  tener 
canoisas  limpias  que  nmdarse,  porque  no  hay  cosa 
mas  asquerosa  que  picaros  rotos  y  sucios ;  mas 
como  es  una  simiente  que  el  Rey  Don  Plielipe  II. 
(que  Dios  tieae)  con  todo  su  poder  no  pudo  echar 
esta  gente  de  sus  cocinas,  aunque  mando  anadir 
mozos  de  Cocina  y  otra  suerte  de  moxos  de  Cocina 
que  se  Ilaman  yalopines,  todo  porque  no  hubiese 
picaros,  y  nunca  se  pudo  remediar:  solo  en  su 
cocina  de  boca  no  entran  mas  de  un  oficial  y  un 
portador  y  un  mozo  de  cocina  y  un  galopin,  y  estos 
estan  una  semana  con  el  Cocinero  mayor,  y  el 
Domingo  se  nmdan  &  la  cocina  de  Estado  y  vienen 
otros  tantos  por  sus  semanas." 

Les  references  a  ce  sujet  que  je  trouve 
dans  les  livres  espagnols  de  1'epoque  sont 
tres-nombreuses,  et  si  elles  peuvent  interesser 
Q.  V.,  j'aurai  beaucoup  de  plaisir  de  les  lui 
indiquer,  bien  soit  par  1'intermediaire  de 
'  N.  &  Q.'  ou  bien  particulierement. 

FLORENCIO  DE  UHAGON. 

4,  Calle  Benito  Gutierrez,  Madrid. 

FARRELL  OF  THE  PAVILION  THEATRE  (10th 
S.  iii.  188). — Farrell  was  manager  in  1834, 
the  year  of  the  engagement  of  the  late  Mrs. 
Stirling  (Lady  Gregory),  when  she  appeared 
as  Miss  Fanny  Clifton.  Her  future  husband, 
Mr.  Edward  Stirling,  was  at  that  time  stage 
manager.  John  Farrell  is  mentioned  in 
Oxberry's  '  Dramatic  Chronology  '  as  having 
been  born  1791,  in  Berwick  Street,  Soho.  He 
first  appeared  at  the  Regency  1815,  and  died 
1848  at  Boulogne.  ROBERT  WALTERS. 

Ware  Priory. 

The  Royal  Pavilion  Theatre,  Whitechapel 
Road,  was  under  the  management  of  Messrs. 
Wyattand  Farrell  in  1826,  &c.  Mr.  Farrell 
was  sole  proprietor  from  1832  to  1836.  During 
that  time  many  stars  appeared  :  Messrs.  T.  P. 
Cooke,  O.  Smith,  G.  Bennett,  Freer,  Elton, 
Cobham,  T.  Matthews,  Conquest,  Madame 
Celeste,  Miss  Fairbrother,  &c. — most  of  them 
graphically  delineated  in  Skelt's  theatrical 
characters,  to  the  great  delight  of  us  juvenile 
Thespians,  who  used  to  rig  them  out  in  satin, 
velvets,  tinsel,  &c.,  according  to  the  dictates 


of  our  artistic  imaginations.  Many  hours 
and  pennies  have  I  spent  in  this  innocent 
amusement.  I  inquired  in  the  Print- Room  of 
the  British  Museum,  but  without  success. 
They  are  as  scarce  as  the  flint,  steel,  and 
tinder-box  of  the  same  period. 

Here  in  1833  was  produced  ""A  new  local 
Melo-Drama  on  the  history  of  an  eccentric 
individual  well  known  in  the  eastern  part  of 
the  metropolis,  called  Dirty  Dick  of  Leaden- 
hall  Street "  (time  1804).  This  will  perhaps 
interest  your  contributors  on  'The  Dirty  Old 
Man,'  9th  S.  ix.  428,  512. 

It  may  be  news  to  playgoers  that  in  1810 
there  was  a  Pavilion  Theatre  in  Newcastle 
Street,  Strand  ;  and  in  1832  another  of  the 
same  name  in  Church  Street,  Portman  Market. 

These  particulars  are  to  be  seen  in  a  collec- 
tion of  playbills  in  the  British  Museum, 
N.  R.  65  and  66.  CHAS.  G.  SMITHERS. 

47,  Darnley  Road,  N.E. 

"  MONMOUTH  STREET  OF  LITERATURE  "  (10th 
S.  iii.  188). — Monmouth  Street,  afterwards 
Dudley  Street,  Soho,  is  the  subject  of  a 
chapter  headed  'Meditations  in  Monmouth 
Street '  in  '  Sketches  by  Boz ' :  "  A  Monmouth 
Street  laced  coat  was,"  says  Dickens,  "a 
byword  a  century  ago,  and  still  we  find 
Monmouth  Street  the  same."  In  '  The  Pro- 
gress of  Error'  Cowper  bids  the  cassocked 
huntsman 

Go,  cast  your  orders  at  your  bishop's  feet, 
Send  your  dishonoured  gown  to  Monmouth  Street. 

LI.  120-1. 

And  I  think  other  writers  than  Gay,  Cowper, 
Dickens,  and  Macaulay  have  mentioned  the 
street.  In  a  sermon  on  'The  Robe  of  Righteous- 
ness,' Daniel  Burgess,  a  well-known  Non- 
conformist minister,  said  :  "  If  any  one  of 
you,  my  brethren,  would  have  a  suit  to  last  a 
twelvemonth,  let  him  go  to  Monmouth  Street ; 
if  for  his  lifetime,  let  him  apply  to  the  Court 
of  Chancery."  J.  A.  J.  HOUSDEN. 

MARTELLO  TOWERS  (10th  S.  i.  285.  356,  411, 
477  ;  iii.  193).— The  date  queried  in  the 
editorial  note  is  certainly  copied  as  1706  in 
my  note-book.  Above  it  on  the  gun  are  the 
initials  A.  R.,  which  I  presume  are  intended 
for  Anne  Regina.  I  fancy  these  old  guns 
were  in  some  way  used  in  the  construction 
of  the  towers,  and  not  for  firing  purposes. 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

At  the  first  reference  I  alluded  to  former 
explanations  of  this  term  which  I  thought 
had  been  given  in  'N.  &  Q.,'  though,  being  in 
Corsica  at  the  time  of  writing,  I  was  unable 
to  give  chapter  and  verse.  I  find  that  the 
subject  has  been  dealt  with  at  the  following 


s.  in.  APRIL  i,i905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


253 


references  :  1st  S.  ii.  9, 110, 173  :  2ml  S.  ix.  502  ; 
6th  S.  xii.  164,  236.  Brenton  ('  Xaval  History,' 
ed.  1837,  i.  303)  says  that  the  tower  on 
Mortella  Point  was  blown  up  on  the  evacua- 
tion of  the  island  in  1795.  This  would  account 
for  my  inability  to  discover  any  vestiges  of 
the  tower  when  I  visited  the  locality  last 
spring.  If  the  tower,  as  stated  in  the 
extract  from  The  Illustrated  London  Nev.'s 
quoted  by  MR.  J.  T.  PAGE,  was  "  of  the  form 
of  an  obtruncated  cone,  like  that  of  a  wind- 
mill," it  must  have  differed  very  considerably 
from  the  towers— more  or  less  in  a  dilapi- 
dated condition — which  still  fringe  the  shores 
of  Cap  Corse.  All  the  towers  which  came 
under  my  observation  were  similar  to  the 
conventional  castle  or  rook  on  a  chessboard. 
The  doors  were  situated  on  the  first  story, 
and  the  towers  could  only  be  entered  by 
means  of  a  ladder.  They  were  all  embattled. 
W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

CHURCH  Music  (10th  S.  iii.  185).— The 
following,  from  The  Northampton  Herald  of 
24  February,  records  an  inscription  closely 
akin  to  that  given  by  HIPPOCLIDES  : — 

"  The  restoration  of  Harpole  Church  (North- 
amptonshire) has  disclosed  the  following  interesting 
inscription  on  a  stone  let  into  the  wall  near  the 
chancel  door : — 

Psalm  2.3.     Meeter 

(Here  follows  a  notation  of  the  psalm). 
Erected  by  his  Scholars  of 

Harpole. 
Saml.  Leek,  died  Apl.  13,  1729. 

Aged  46  yrs. 
He  lamed  singing  far  and  near 

Full  20  year  or  more  ; 
But  fatal  Death  hath  stopt  his  breth, 

And  he  can  larne  no  more. 
His  scholars  all  that  are  behinde 

Singing  he  did  unfold. 
Exhorting  all  their  God  to  minde 
Before  they  turn  to  molde.:l 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 
West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

SPUR-POST  (10th  S.  iii.  168).— A  spur-post  is 
a  piece  of  wood  put  down  beside  a  gatepost, 
or  other  post  or  structure,  to  prevent  traffic 
from  coming  too  close  to  it.  Hence  it  becomes 
a  limit  or  boundary,  beyond  which  a  wheel 
cannot  pass,  and  may  be  represented  fairly 
enough  in  French  by  borne.  "Spur-stone'" 
has  the  same  use  and  meaning,  and  is  much 
more  common.  Indeed,  it  would  be  difficult 
to  find  a  carriage  drive  in  which  the  gate- 
posts are  not  protected  by  spur-stones.  Cf. 
'  The  English  Dialect  Dictionary,'  s.v.  '  Spur.' 
EICH.  WELFORD. 

I  have  heard  the  short  post  or  brace  which 
is  used  to  strengthen  a  larger  post,  the  latter 
being  decayed  at  or  near  the  ground  level, 


referred  to  by  carpenters  as  a  "spur-post." 
The  word  has  also,  I  believe,  the  same 
meaning  as  "spur-beam,"  which  is  defined 
in  the  Funk  &  Wagnalls  dictionary  as  "a. 
projecting  spar  or  timber,  as  from  a  pier  or 
wharf  to  a  vessel's  side  to  keep  her  off." 

R.  YAUGHAN  GOWER. 

I  am  unable  to  give  a  quotation  for  this 
word,  but  I  find  it  in  the  great  dictionary 
of  Muret,  '  Encyclopadisches  Worterbuch  dec 
englischen  und  der  deutschen  Sprache' ;  and 
the  German  equivalent  Prellstein,  with  its 
meaning  "curbstone,  guardstone,"  shows 
that  probably  a  post  is  meant,  such  as  one 
sees  on  country  roads,  to  prevent  drivers 
from  taking  a  corner  too  closely  or  from 
falling  into  the  ditch,  &c. 

L.  R.  M.  STRACHAN. 

Heidelberg,  Germany. 

[MR.  JOHX  RADCLIFFE  also  thanked  for  reply.] 

WOODEN  FONTS  (10th  S.  iii.  169).  —  In 
'Illustrations  of  Baptismal  Fonts,'  by  F.  A. 
Paley,  M.A.  (1844),  still  the  best  book  upon 
the  subject  in  existence,  we  read  (p.  23) : — 

"No  wooden  fonts,  we  believe,  are  known  to 
exist,  if  we  except  that  atChobham,  Surrey,  which 
is  of  lead,  surrounded  by  wooden  panels,  and  the 
interesting  example  at  Efenechtyd,  near  Ruthin, 
where  is  a  plain  octagonal  block  of  oak.  It  is  not 
improbable  that  such  may  have  been  occasionally 
used  in  very  early  times.  See  Simpson's  '  Bap- 
tismal Fonts,'  Preface,  p.  viii." 

At  Longdon  Church,  Worcestershire,  a 
wooden  font,  once  in  use  there,  now  does 
duty  as  a  bookstand,  and  carries  an  old  Bible 
and  Jewell's  'Apology,'  both  ancient  posses- 
sions of  that  church. 

An  old  wooden  font,  formerly  in  Badsey 
Church,  Worcestershire,  may  be  seen  in  the 
vestibule  of  Lord  Sandys's  house  at  Ombers- 
ley,  where  it  has  been  for  years. 

So  much  for  ancient  wood  fonts.  A  fairly 
handsome  modern  example  was  shown  in 
the  Colonial  Section  of  the  Glasgow  Exhibi- 
tion in  1901.  It  and  its  spiral  ornamental 
cover  were  made  of  Jarrah  wood,  the  particu- 
lar timber  used  in  construction  for  both  being; 
portions  of  a  tree  that  had  been  buried,  for 
more  than  fifty  years,  beneath  the  ground  in 
Hay  Street  Park,  Perth,  Western  Australia. 
The  material  takes  a  good  polish,  and  looks 
something  like  rosewood.  It  did  not,  how- 
ever, commend  itself  to  me. 

HARRY  HEMS. 

Fair  Park,  Exeter. 

The  font  at  Chobham,  Surrey,  is  of  lead 
surrounded  by  wooden  panels.  With  this 
exception,  it  is  said  that  no  wooden  fonts 
are  known  to  exist  (see  Simpson's  '  Baptismal 
Fonts,'  Preface,  p.  viii).  If  the  font  alluded 


254 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [io*  s.  m.  APRIL  1. 1005. 


to,  however,  by  H.  P.  P.  is  still  extant  a 
Marks   Tey,   this    must  be    incorrect.      No 
mention   is   made   of  it  in  4  Illustrations  o 
Baptismal  Fonts,'  q.v.  (the  'Introduction,'  by 
F.  A.  Paley,  1844,  p.  23). 

J.   HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

There  is  a  very  roughly  hewn  wooden  fon( 
in  the  church  at  Doddiscombleigh,  Devon. 

LINO. 

I  have  a  note  to  the  effect  that  several 
wooden  fonts  are  referred  to  at  4th  S.  i.  305 
I  do  not  possess  that  particular  volume,  bul 
I  believe  my  information  is  correct. 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

[The  instances  mentioned  are  "Evenchtyd"  (for 
Evenechtyd  or  Efenechtyd),  Denbighshire,  and  Clay- 
don,  Oxford.  MR.  E.  H.  COLEMAN  and  CANON 
SAVAGE  also  thanked  for  replies.] 

MOLLY  LEPEL'S  DESCENT  (10th  S.  iii.  127' 
172).— I  do  not  think  the  celebrated  Molly 
Lepel  was  descended  from  the  Norman  family 
of  Le  Pelley  or  Pele'e,  of  the  island  of 
Guernsey  and  Sark.  It  would  be  interesting 
to  discover  what  the  arms  of  her  family  were. 
The  arms  of  the  Guernsey  family  of  Le 
Pelley  are,  A  chevron,  three  fusils  arranged 
in  chief.  T.  W.  C. 

There  used  to  be  a  fine  portrait  in  oils  of 
the  beautiful  Mary  Lepel  at  Coldham  Hall, 
in  the  parish  of  Stanningfield,  near  Bury 
St.  Edmunds,  the  ancient  seat  of  the  Roke- 
\vodes  or  Hook  woods. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

COMPTER  PRISON  (10th  S.  iii.  168).  —  The 
Poultry  Compter,  a  Sheriffs'  prison,  was  taken 
down  in  1817,  and  Poultry  Chapel  was  built 
upon  the  site.  In  1806  the  prison  was  in  a 
ruinous  condition. 

Persons  committed  by  the  Lord  Mayor 
used  to  be  sent  there,  and  the  prisoners  fed 
on  the  broken  victuals  from  the  Mansion 
House  tables.  "  Doctor  Lamb,"  the  conjurer, 
died  in  this  prison,  13  January,  1628,  after 
being  chased  and  pelted  by  the  mob  across 
Moorfields ;  also  six  Separatists,  who  had 
been  sent  here  by  Bonner,  died  within  its 
walls.  The  debtors  were  allowed  to  walk 
upon  the  leads  with  the  gaoler.  It  was  the 
only  prison  in  England  which  had  a  ward 
set  apart  especially  for  Jews. 

CHR.  WATSON. 

Malcolm  in  his  'Londinium  Redivivum,' 
vol.  iv.,  says  that  in  1785  the  Wood  Street 
and  Poultry  Compters  "were  declared  by 
surveyors  to  be  dangerous  and  ruinous": 
and  it  appears  that  in  1804  the  old  Poultry 


Compter  had  become  too  much  out  of  repair 
to  be  used  any  longer  as  a  prison,  although 
the  night  charges  were  still  taken  there. 

It  was  not  actually  pulled  down  until  1817, 
when  a  chapel  was  erected  on  its  site.  This 
chapel  was  removed  in  1872  to  the  City 
Temple,  and  the  site  was  purchased  by  the 
London  Joint-Stock  Bank  for  50.200£. 

J.  G. 

The  Poultry  Compter  was  the  only  prison 
spared  in  the  Gordon  riots  of  1780.  The  last 
slave  imprisoned  in  England  was  confined 
(1772)  here,  says  Mr.  Wheatley.  There  is  an 
inside  view  of  this  Compter  in  1813,  Smith 
del.  et  sculp.  (See  Exhibition  Catalogue  of 
the  Gardner  Views,  Prints,  &c.,  at  the  Guild- 
hall in  1872- ;  and  '  Catalogue  of  Sculpture, 
Paintings,  Engravings,  &c.,  belonging  to  the 
Corporation  of  London,'  1868.) 

J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

The  Poultry  Compter  is  stated  in  '  N.E.D.' 
to  have  been  taken  down  in  1817.  Possibly 
some  of  the  books  there  cited  may  give 
further  particulars,  or  the  'Annual Register' 
about  that  date.  There  are  very  good  con- 
solidated indexes  to  the  latter.  Q.  V. 

The  Poultry  Compter  was  taken  down  in 
1817.  It  occupied  the  site  of  Nos.  31  and  32, 
and  stood  a  little  to  the  west  of  St.  Mildred's 
Church,  Poultry,  which  was  pulled  down  in 
1872.  EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

It  is  stated,  both  in  '  Old  and  New  London ' 
(i.  420)  and  Timbs's  '  Curiosities  of  London  ' 
(628),  that  the  Poultry  Compter  was  de- 
molished in  1817.  In  the  first-mentioned 
volume  (421)  is  an  engraving  of  the  Poultry 
Compter  "  from  an  old  print." 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

[MR.  J.  RADCLIFFE  also  refers  to  '  Old  and  New 
London.'] 

LONDON  STREET-NAMES  (10th  S.  iii.  181).— 
[n  reply  to  COL.  PRIDEAUX,  the  Pamlico 
Sound  and  River  are  named  after  the 
Pamlico  tribe  of  Indians,  now  extinct.  They 

re  undoubtedly  Algonquins,  being  the 
southernmost  branch  of  that  family.  Their 
anguage  was  allied  to  that  of  the  Virginian 
Indians,  and  there  are  at  least  two  English 
words,  roanoke  and  tornahaivk,  which  may 
'ust  as  well  have  come  to  us  from  the  Pamlico 
brms  ronoak  and  tommahick,  as  from  the 
Virginian  raivrenock  and  tomalwLck.  There  is 
i  curious  fluctuation  between  I  and  t  in  the 
arious  spellings  of  this  name.  Thus  we 
ind  on  the  one  hand  Pamlico  and  Pamplico, 
ind  on  the  other  Pamptico  and  Pantico.  I 


HP  s.  m.  APRIL  i,  iocs.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


255 


am  not  sure  which  is  most  correct.  The 
oldest  authority  I  have  at  hand,  John 
Lawson,  in  his  'History  of  Carolina,'  1714, 
writes  "  Pampticough  River  "  (p.  60). 

JAS.  PL  ATT,  Jun. 

LOCAL  '  NOTES  AND  QUERIES'  (10th  S.  iii. 
108). — The  Somerset  County  Herald  and  The 
Taunton  Courier  devote  a  couple  of  columns 
to  '  Notes  and  Queries '  each  week,  and  have 
done  so  for  several  years  past.  The  con- 
tributors confine  their  attention  mainly  to 
Somerset  matters.  Both  papers  are  pub- 
lished at  Taunton. 

Some  years  ago  The  Somerset  County 
Gazette  (another  Taunton  paper)  also  had  a 
'  Notes  and  Queries '  column ;  but  it  has 
long  been  discontinued.  C.  T. 

In  The  Hertfordshire  Jlercury,  published 
at  Hertford,  there  appears  every  month 
a  column  entitled  '  Hertfordshire  Archaeo- 
logical Notes  and  Queries.'  This  feature  is 
now  in  the  sixth  year  of  its  existence. 

W.  B.  GERISH. 

Bishop's  Stortford. 

COLISEUMS  OLD  AND  NEW  (10th  S.  ii.  485, 
529 ;  iii.  52, 1 16, 189).— In  nearly  all  the  interest- 
ing notes  this  query  elicited  the  importance 
of  the  building  as  a  show  place  for  panoramas 
and  dioramas  only  has  been  realized.  But, 
at  least  between  1836  and  1840,  the  evening 
entertainment  was  the  greater  attraction, 
and  the  "Stupendous  Picture  of  London" 
and  Swiss  Cottage,  then  only  open  during 
the  day,  were  gradually  omitted  from  the 
bill.  As  MR.  SMJTHERS  informs  us,  the  price 
of  admission  changed  from  3s.  6d.  to  Is  ,  but 
in  1838  there  was  an  important  alteration  : — 

"The  attention  of  the  ^Nobility,  Gentry,  and  the 
Public  in  general  is  most  respectfully  invited  to 
the  following  Alterations  and  Improvements  ; 
Eighteen  Private  Boxes  have  been  added,  and  a 
portion  of  the  room  appropriated  as  Stalls,  to 
which  there  is  a  separate  entrance.  The  whole  has 
been  arranged  with  a  view  to  afford  convenience  to 
the  fashionable  arid  distinguished  visitors  of  this 
Establishment." 

These  private  boxes  at  two  guineas  and  one 
and  a  half  guineas,  and  the  stalls  at  5s.,  could 
be  secured  at  Sam's,  Mitchell's,  and  other 
libraries.  "  Room  Seats "  were  3s.  Other 
changes  in  these  prices  took  place,  and  in 
1840  admission  to  the  boxes  was  2s.,  to  the 
pit  Is.  The  entertainment  in  July,  1840, 
differed  very  little,  if  at  all,  from  what  was 
being  offered  at  "The  Grecian,"  "Surrey 
Gardens,"  and  similar  places.  The  bill  is 
headed  "  Royal  Colosseum  Theatre  and  Saloon 
of  Mirrors."  Commencing  at  7.30,  there 
was  a  concert;  a  farce,  'Sea  Sharks  and 
Land  Clerks ';  a  burletta,  '  My  Mountain 


Home,'  in  addition  to  interludes  and  dances, 
the  whole  concluding  with  'The  Statute  Fair.' 
This  was  alternated  with  a  slightly  different 
performance,  and  on  Tuesday  and  Friday 
there  were  balls. 

This  information,  gathered  from  a  small 
collection  of  playbills  in  my  possession,  is 
sufficient  to  uphold  the  repute  of  the  old 
Colosseum  as  a  place  of  varied  entertainment, 
and  not  only  an  exhibition  hall  for  pano- 
ramas. ALECK  ABRAHAMS 

39,  Hillmarton  Road,  N. 

DE  KELESEYE  OR  KELSEY  FAMILY  (10th  S. 
ii.  188,  275). —  See  Giles  de  Kelseye,  1377, 
3rd  S.  vi.  104;  7th  S.  xii.  86.  "  Kelseys,  in 
Beckenham,  Kent,  is  a  seat  of  note,  which  as 
early  as  the  reign  of  Henry  III.  had  owners 
of  that  name"  (Hasted's  'Hist.  Kent,'  vol.  i. 
p.  538,  8vo  edit.).  R.  J.  FYNMORE. 

"A  SHOULDER  OF  MUTTON  BROUGHT  HOME 

FROM  FRANCE"  (10th  S.  ii.  48,  158,  236,  292, 
374). — The  house  where  the  cork  model  of  the 
man  running  away  with  the  Monument  was 
displayed  was  that  of  an  "eminently  worthy 
of  prominent  mention  "  cork  manufacturer, 
Thomas  Smith,  No.  5,  Eastcheap,  whence  he 
appears  to  have  removed  ;to  16,  Garlick  Hill, 
the  address  given  in  the  '  London  Directory  ' 
for  1894.  Mr.  Thomas  Smith  seems  to  have 
been  the  leading  "retail,  wholesale,  and 
export"  cork-cutter  in  the  City,  the  business 
itself  having  been  established  on  the  spot 
so  early  as  about  the  year  1786.  The 
grotesque  model  used  to  attract  a  great  deal 
of  attention,  for  it  was  of  a  very  comical 
and  clever  design,  and  I  think  I  remember 
seeing  it  so  late  as  1890. 

There  was  another  drollery  associated 
with  the  old  "  White  Swan  "  tavern,  nearly 
opposite,  in  King  William  Street.  In  the 
month  of  May,  1718,  one  James  Austin, 
"inventor  of  the  Persian  ink  powder,"  de- 
siring to  give  his  customers  a  substantial 
proof  of  his  gratitude,  invited  them  to  the 
"  Boar's  Head "  to  partake  of  an  immense 
plum-pudding,  which  weighed  1,000  lb.,  of  a 
baked  pudding  one  foot  square,  and  the  best 
piece  of  an  ox  roasted.  The  principal  dish 
was  put  in  the  copper  on  Monday,  12  May, 
at  the  "Red  Lion  Inn,"  by  the  Mint  in  South- 
wark,  and  had  to  boil  fourteen  days.  Thence 
it  was  to  be  brought  to  the  "Swan"  tavern 
on  Fish  Street  Hill,  accompanied  by  a  band 
of  music.  It  was  18  ft.  2  in.  in  length,  and 
4ft.  in  diameter,  and  was  drawn  by  "  a  device 
fixed  on  six  asses."  Finally,  this  monstrous 
pudding  was  to  be  divided  in  St.  George's 
Fields,  but  apparently  its  fragrance  was  too 
much  for  the  gluttony  of  the  crowd.  The 


256 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io»-  s.  in.  APRIL  i,  1905. 


escort  was  routed,  the  pudding  taken  and 
devoured,  and  the  whole  ceremony  brought 
to  a  sudden  end  to  the  dying  strains  of  a 
well-known  ditty,  entitled  "What  lumps  of 
pudding  my  mother  gave  me,"  all  before  the 
inventor  of  the  ink  powder  had  a  chance 
personally  to  superintend  the  distribution. 
(See  the  '  History  of  Signboards.') 

J.  HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

STRATFORD  RESIDENTS  IN  THE  EIGHTEENTH 
CENTURY  (10th  S.  iii.  187).— On  1  March,  1763, 
in  the  church  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  Stratford- 
on-Avon,  there  was  solemnized  a  wedding 
between  John  Townsend,  bachelor,  and 
Susanna  Drury,  spinster,  both  of  the  parish, 
by  licence,  by  S.  Nason,  the  vicar,  and  in 
the  presence  of  John  Pearshouse  and  John 
Bartlett,  both  of  whom  signed  the  register. 
In  the  same  church,  on  7  October,  1627, 
Richard  Dury  was  married  to  Anne  Moore  ; 
and  in  1673  a  William  Kitchin  married  Anne 
Deury.  Anne  Griuill  was  in  1704  united 
to  Joseph  Dury.  These  Drurys  or  Durys 
may  be  traced  back  in  the  same  register  to 
"Johannes  filius  Rogeri  Drury,"  February, 
1590.  A  John  Mercer  and  a  Julia  Broom 
were  married  by  licence  on  2  December,  1750 ; 
and  an  Anne  Mercer  and  a  William  Price 
were  married  on  7  March,  1731. 

This  information  is  obtained  from  the 
Sfcratford-on-Avon  registers,  issued  by  the 
Parish  Register  Society  in  1897. 

WM.  NORMAN. 

6,  St.  James's  Place,  Plumstead. 

See  the  printed  registers  of  this  town 
(1897-8),  baptisms  1558-1652,  and  marriages 
1558-1812,  transcribed  by  Mr.  Savage.  It 
is  to  be  regretted  that  the  completion  of  the 
transcribing  and  printing  to  1812  is  not 
pushed  forward.  HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 

BRINGING  IN  THE  YULE  "  CLOG  "  (10th  S.  ii. 
507  ;  iii.  11,  57,  155).— A  classical  example  for 
Lincolnshire  (Somersby)  is  in  Tennyson's  'In 
Memoriam,'  Ixxviii. :  "  The  yule-clog  sparkled 
keen  with  frost."  L.  R.  M.  STRACHAN. 

Heidelberg,  Germany. 

AINSTY  (10th  S.  ii.  25,  97,  455,  516  ;  iii.  133). 
—The  genial  ST.  SWITHIN  is  orthographic,  for 
with  him  ain  and  an  are  not  equivalents  ;  but 
what  is  ain,  which  may  be  used  for  "  own  " 
or  "old"]  In  the  latter  case  we  find  that 
the  Latin  senex  becomes  an?ius,  and  hen,  in 
Welsh,  for  "old";  so  we  have  Henfield  and 
Enfield,  where  "field"  equates  sty  (Latin  sto, 
store),  for  a  settlement,  "our  old"  camping 
ground.  These  pair  off  with  Ainstable, 
Hainault,  Hainton,  Hainworth,  Ain  tree  ;  all 
clearly  "old,"  not  own.  Christopher  Anstey, 


of  the  old  '  Bath  Guide,'  has  nine  or  ten 
prototypes  in  topography,  all  comparable 
with  the  Surrey  Anstey  vel  Hanstie. 

A.  HALL. 

"PoMPELMOUs"  (10th  S.  iii.  168,  191).— The 
fruit  referred  to  is  usually  called  "pomelo" 
by  English  colonists,  though  recently  the 
absurdly  inappropriate  name  "grape-fruit," 
invented  in  America,  has  come  into  vogue  in 
England  with  the  fruit  itself,  which  is  at  the 
present  time  selling  freely  and  at  a  moderate 
price  in  London  and  the  vicinity.  The  fruit 
and  its  name  are  treated  of  in  Yule  and 
Burnell's  'Hobson-Jobson,'  s.vv.  "  pommelo. 
pampelmoose,  &c.,"  where  are  given  some  of 
the  extraordinary  forms  that  the  word  has 
assumed  in  various  writers,  the  most  amusing 
being  "  pimple-nose,"  in  Ives.  To  this  list  I 
would  add  "  pumpel-nut,"  which  occurs  on 
p.  122  of  the  'Life  and  Adventures  of  John 
Christopher  Wolf  (1785),  translated  from 
the  German.  (The  original  has  piimpelmuss, 
the  last  syllable  of  which  the  translator 
seems  to  have  read  as  nuss.)  In  the  new 
edition  of  'Hobson-Jobson'  the  etymology  of 
the  word  is  further  discussed,  but  with  no 
satisfactory  result.  DONALD  FERGUSON. 

Pamplemousse  is  the  name  of  a  very  lovely 
spot  in  Mauritius,  and  from  it  the  fruit  is 
probably  named.  Among  the  Europeans  in 
the  Malayan  Archipelago  it  is  known  as 
the  jmmeloe.  In  the  Malay  language  it  is 
Icadangsah,  and  in  J&va,r\esejaruk-machan,  or 
tiger  orange.  It  is  the  shaddock  of  the  West 
Indies,  having  been  imported  thence  from 
Java  by  a  captain  of  that  name  in  the  time 
of  Queen  Anne.  P.  W.  A. 

'  The  Stanford  Dictionary  of  Anglicised 
Words  and  Phrases,'  by  C.  A.  M.  Fennell, 
Cambridge,  1892,  gives  the  alternative 
pommelo  as  Anglo-Indian,  and  remarks  that 
at  least  some  forms  of  the  name  are  from  the 
French  pamplemouise.  Littre  (1873)  and  the 
recent  '  Dictionnaire  General  de  la  Langue 
Frangaise'  (by  Hatzfeld  and  Darmesteter) 
give  the  etymology  as  from  the  Tamil 
bnmbolmas.  '  L.  R.  M.  STRACHAN. 

Heidelberg,  Germany. 

QUEEN  of  DUNCAN  II.  (10th  S.  iii.  107,  195). 
—While  I  thank  H.  H.  for  his  reply,  I  am 
unable  to  accept  his  suggestion  that  King 
Duncan  II.,  slain  in  1094,  could  have  married 
Ethelreda,  daughter  of  Alan  FitzWaldef  of 
Allerdale.  It  is  true  that  Hutchinson, 
Wilkinson,  Surtees,  Denton,  and  others 
adopt  that  view.  But  my  difficulty  is  that 
Alan  of  Allerdale  was  alive  in  1152.  Let 
us  suppose,  as  an  outside  limit,  that  he  was 


io'»  s.  in.  APRIL  i,  1905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


257 


born  about  1078 ;  he  would  only  be  sixteen 
years  of  age  in  1094,  and  about  seventy-four 
years  old  when  he  died  circa  1152-3.  It  is 
therefore  an  utter  impossibility  that  Alan, 
a  boy  of  about  sixteen,  could  have  had  a 
married  daughter  with  children  in  1094,  the 
year  in  which  King  Duncan  II.  was  slain. 

D.  M.  R. 

May  I  ask  D.  M.  R.  what  is  his  authority 
for  an  Alexander  de  Moravia  (1089-1150)  ? 
No  such  person  is  on  record.  M. 

_  GREAT  HOLLOW  ELM  AT  HAMPSTEAD  (10th  S. 
iii.  187). — I  am  very  much  surprised  that 
such  a  good  topographer  as  my  friend  MR. 
GEORGE  POTTER  should  wonder  in  which 
Hampstead  the  Hollow  Elm  of  Hollar  was 
situate.  He  quotes  Park  as  saying  in  his 
'  History  of  Hampstead  '  that  he  (Park)  had 
not  ascertained  the  situation  of  it ;  but  what 
Park  meant  was  its  whereabouts  in  Harap- 
stead,  Middlesex.  If  MR.  POTTER  will  read 
the  verses  surrounding  this  print,  many  of 
which  are  reproduced  in  Park's  book,  he  will 
find  undoubted  proof  that  the  tree  flourished 
in  our  Hampstead  of  the  Northern  Heights. 
In  one  of  these,  entitled  'Of  the  Height  and 
Hollownesse  of  the  Great  Elme  at  Hamp- 
sted,'  descriptive  of  the  view  to  be  seen 
from  the  top,  are  the  following  lines  : — 

Essex  Broad-Oake  (which  twenty  miles  we  see 
And  more)  it  [is]  but  a  twig  compar'd  to  thee  ; 

Six  neighbouring  Counties  do  on  tip-toe  all 

Gaze  on  thy  mighty  limbs,  and  seem  to  call 

Unto  thy  patient  Greatnesse,  when  to  wait 

To  pay  thee  homage  for  thy  nobler  height, 

But  only  Harrow  on  the  Hill  plaies  JRex 

And  will  have  none  more  high  in  Middlesex. 

Arid  yonder  the  familiar  Thames  (the  more 

To  grace  thy  prospect")  rolls  along  the  shore 

Her  crystal  treasures,  and  doth  seem  to  me 

Softly  to  murmur  'cause  so  far  from  thee. 

See  how  the  ships,  in  numerous  array, 

Dance  on  her  waves,  and  their  proud  wings  display. 

But  what,  amongst  these  various  objects,  what 
Is  that  which  so  much  takes  my  eyes? 

'Tis  not  smooth  Richmond's  streams,  nor  Acton's 

Mill, 

Nor  Windsor's  Castle,  nor  yet  Shooter's-hill ; 
Nor  groves,  nor  plains,  which  further  off  do  stand, 
ILike  landscapes  pourtray'd  by  some  happy  hand  : 
But  a  swift  view,  which  most  delightful  shows, 
And  doth  them  all,  and  all  at  once,  inclose. 

From  where  else  but  Hampstead,  Middle- 
sex, could  all  these  places  and  shipping  be 
seen  at  once  ?  I  am  fortunate  in  possessing  an 
impression  of  this  rare  print  (which  formerly 
belonged  to  the  late  Mr.  Julian  Marshall), 
and  I  should  be  extremely  glad  to  know 
where  there  are  any  others  (except  in  the 


British  Museum).     Any  information  on  the 
subject  would  be  most  welcome. 

E.  E.  NEWTON. 
7,  Achilles  Road,  West  End,  Hampstead,  N.W. 

Anent  MR.  GEORGE  POTTER'S  renewed 
inquiry  as  to  where  this  tree  actually 
flourished,  it  may  not  be  inappropriate  to 
mention  that  there  is  a  Hampstead— spelfc 
"  Hamstead  "  in  some  maps— in  the  Isle  of 
Wight  also.  This  one  is  situate  between 
Yarmouth  and  the  village  of  Shalfleet,  to 
the  north-west  of  the  island  and  near  the 
Bouldnor  Cliffs  which  overlook  the  Solent. 

CECIL  CLARKE. 

The  exact  locality  of  this  tree  is  a  matter 
of  doubt,  says  '  Old  and  New  London,'  vol.  iv. 
p.  440  ;  but  from  the  rest  of  the  information 
given,  the  probability  is  that  it  flourished 
at  Hampstead  in  Ossulstone  Hundred  in 
Middlesex.  JOHN  UADCLIFFE. 

JOHN  BUTLER,  M.P.  FOR  SUSSEX  (10th  S.  ii. 
129). — Mr.  John  Butler,  of  Worminghurst, 
M.P.  for  Sussex,  was  born  on  19  March,  1707, 
and  buried  on  3  January,  1767.  (See  the 
paper  by  the  late  George  Slade  Butler,  F.S.A  , 
of  Rye,  on  the  Harl.  MS.  in  the  British 
Museum,  Cod.  358,  p.  188,  Art.  47.)  I  should 
be  glad  if  your  querist  H.  C.  could  tell  me 
what,  if  any,  connexion  there  was  between 
the  M.P.  and  the  Butlers  of  Rye,  who  appear 
in  the  registers  1541  to  1882. 

HENRY  E.  FRANKS. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

Abstracts  of  Wills  in  the  Prerogative  Court  of 
Canterbury  at  Somerset  House,  London,  England : 
Register  Soame,  1620.  Edited  by  J.  Henry  Lea. 
(New  England  Historic  Genealogical  Society, 
Boston,  Mass.) 

A  LIFETIME  spent  in  genealogical  investigation, 
the  last  twenty  years  of  which  have  been  devoted 
exclusively  to  English  research,  has  convinced  Mr. 
Lea  that  the  methods  adopted  in  dealing  with  the 
unparalleled  treasures  in  the  Prerogative  Court  of 
the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  by  Col.  Joseph  L. 
Chester  and  Mr.  Henry  F.  Waters,  the  most  cele- 
brated of  American  genealogists,  were  wrong.  Each 
of  these  most  careful,  expert,  and  successful  of 
workers  had  his  own  method,  and  though  the 
results  obtained  by  their  labours  have  won  un- 
grudging recognition  and  have  greatly  enriched 
genealogical  research,  they  have  done  little  to 
spare  subsequent  writers,  who  have  been  compelled 
to  go  again  over  the  same  ground.  A  great  waste 
of  time  and  money  has  thus  been  involved.  The 
method  of  Col.  Chester — that  of  making  in  the 
Indices  or  Act  Books  exhaustive  search  for 
the  names  of  families  whose  pedigrees  it  was 
sought  to  establish — was  generally  followed,  among 
those  by  whom  it  was  accepted  being  Mr.  Lea 


258 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES, 


s.  in.  APRIL  i,  1905. 


himself  A  later  determination  has  been  that  the 
best  course  consists  in  taking  "everything  for  a 
siven  period,  not  leaving  even  a  straw  in  the 
gleaning  field  to  perplex  or  delay  the  future 
gleaner"  As  the  result  of  labours  frequently 
interrupted  and  as  often  resumed,  a  first  volume 
now  appears,  while  a  second  is  in  active  progress. 
The  first  volume  in  question  reproduces  the  entries 
on  the  120  folios  in  two  volumes  constituting  the 
register  for  the  year  1620,  known  as  the  Register 
Soame  and  contains  wills  numbered  (arbi- 
trarily, since  the  figures  do  not  appear  on  the 
original  folios)  from  1  to  1,366.  This  course  involves 
necessarily  long  and  important  indexes  of  names, 
places,  &c.  In  the  present  volume  are  HO  pages 
of  index  arranged  in  three  columns  per  page,  in- 
cluding about  240  separate  entries  per  page,  and 
in  some  cases  an  immense  and  virtually  indefinite 
number  of  entries.  On  p.  586,  under  '  London,' 
there  are  some  360  entries.  Vol.  11.  will  cover  the 
year  1621,  and  will  contain  the  register  known  as 
"Date."  Adequate  support  being  given,  Mr.  Lea 
hopes  to  complete  the  decade  1620  to  1630  ;  but  the 
execution  of  so  important  and  desirable  a  task 
depends  necessarily  upon  this.  Interest  in  matters 
genealogical  increases  rapidly,  and  though  the 
experience  of  previous  labourers  in  the  same  held 
is  not  wholly  encouraging,  there  is,  we  should  sup- 
pose, little  doubt  that  the  task  will  ba  prosecuted 
up  to  or  beyond  the  prescribed  limit. 

We  have  searched  among  the  abstracts  for  illus- 
trations of  literature,  and  find  something  to  reward 
us.  Further  investigations  would  probably  be 
highly  remunerative.  Daniell,  the  poet,  is  described 
in  the  '  D.N.B.'  as  of  Ridge,  co.  Somerset.  His  will, 
dated  4  Sept.,  1619,  was  proven  1  Feb.,  1619/20, 
leaving  his  house  at  Ridge  to  his  sister  Susan 
Bowre.  Among  the  names  occurring  is  Avenant. 
Sir  William  D' Avenant  is  said  to  have  derived  his 
surname  from  Avenant,  a  name  existing  in  Lom- 
bardy.  It  is  herein  shown  to  have  existed  at  King's 
Norton,  Worcestershire,  not  far  removed  from 
Oxford,  where  D'Avenant  was  born.  References 
are  found  to  Sir  Frauncis  Bacon  (Lord  Verulam).  A 
bequest  is  left  by  William  Preistley,  citizen  and 
Merchant  Tailor,  of  All  Hallows,  Bread  Street,  to 
John  Milton  and  his  wife,  presumably  the  father 
and  mother  of  the  poet.  An  early  use  of  umbrella 
occurs  Abstract  20,  where  Robert  Toft  or  Tofte, 
the  poet  and  traveller,  familiarly  known  as  "  Robin 
Redbreast,"  bequeaths  to  Margt  Daye,  wife  of 
his  cousin  George  Daye,  of  West  Drayton,  "an 
unbrello  of  perfumed  leather  with  a  gould  fryndge 
abowte  yt  which  I  broughte  out  of  Italic."  Richard 
Connocke,  of  Calstocke,  in  Cornwall,  bequeaths 
(Abstract  138)  "  virginalls,  sometime  the  virginalls 
of  the  late  Queen  Elizabeth,  made  in  Venice." 
These  Mr.  Lea  supposes  to  be  the  same  now  exhi- 
bited in  the  Kensington  Museum. 

The  work  is  carefully  and  successfully  accom- 
plished, and  its  interest  extends  beyond  the  genea- 
lo<nsts  and  pedigree  hunters,  in  whose  behoof  it 
has  been  undertaken.  By  the  aid  of  the  method 
adopted  reference  is  simplicity  itself.  It  will  be 
nothing  less  than  a  calamity  if  encouragement 
sufficient  to  secure  the  completion  of  the  task  be 
denied  the  author. 

Harmsivorth  Encyclopedia.    Parts  I.-III.    (Amal- 
gamated Press  and  Nelson  &  Sons.) 
THE  idea  is  excellent  of  issuing  in  a  really  popular 
shape,  and  at  a  price  which  brings  it  within  reach 


of  all  who  can  own  any  books  at  all,  an  encyclo- 
pedia of  universal  information.  This  experiment 
is  now  being  essayed  with  what  we  are  assured  is- 
confirmed  success.  If  the  opening  promise  is  ful- 
filled, there  should  before  long  be  few  cottages- 
which  do  not  possess  what  is,  for  practical  purposes,  • 
a  library  of  reference.  In  the  three  parts  now 
issued  is  comprised  nearly  the  whole  of  A.  This 
important  instalment  is  not  all  by  which  we  are 
able  to  judge.  With  the  first  part  is  given  a 
specimen  of  the  general  conduct  of  the  work,  which 
is  in  the  main  excellent.  The  names  of  those 
responsible  for  it  comprise  those  with  whom 
we  are  familiar  in  the  case  of  every  compilation 
— nien  who  have  made  a  speciality  of  omni- 
science. For  the  numerous  and  important  illustra- 
tions the  proprietors  have  gone  further  afield, 
and  the  designs  of  scenes  and  places  are  very 
beautiful ;  many  of  them  are  the  works  of  artists 
such  as  Millais  and  Alma  Tadema.  No  branch  of 
information  has  been  neglected,  and  most  are  com- 
petently treated.  In  the  case  of  geography,  full 
information  is  supplied,  and  coloured  maps  are 
furnished  of  Asia  and  Africa  and  Arctic  and 
Antarctic  regions,  in  addition  to  innumerable  un- 
coloured  maps  of  places  such  as  Anglesey,  Angola, 
and  Annam.  Reproductions  of  designs  such  as  the 
'  Angelus  '  of  Millet  constitute  an  attractive  feature. 
Under  'Assyrian 'we  find  much  valuable  and  ad- 
vanced information,  together  with  illustrations  of 
Phoenician  art  and  myth. 

The  biographies  include  portraits  of  living  men 
as  well  as  of  the  illustrious  dead.  If  we  were  dis- 
posed to  be  hypercritical,  we  might  be  tempted  to 
complain  of  the  size  of  the  portraits  of  men  of  the 
day  whose  immortality — or,  indeed,  whose  fame — 
is  no  wise  assured.  As  no  country  can  boast  of  the 
possession  of  a  sommite,  and  few  of  anything  beyond 
a  non  valenr,  politicians  might  perhaps  be  presented 
in  less  pretentious  guise.  Their  presence  at  all  is, 
however,  a  sign  of  the  times. 

Under  '  Atrium  '  is  given  the  view  of  a  restored 
apartment  of  a  Pompeian  house.  'Architecture' 
has  many  striking  illustrations,  from  Egyptian 
remains  to  the  Roman  Catholic  Cathedral  at 
Westminster  and  the  latest  American  monstrosity 
in  the  shape  of  a  high  building.  It  is  impos- 
sible, of  course,  to  convey  an  idea  of  the  range 
of  the  new  work,  which  answers  most  purposes 
of  a  dictionary,  a  work  of  biographical  refer- 
ence, a  guide-book  to  all  most  recent  develop- 
ments of  art  and  science,  and  a  thousand  things 
beside.  We  have  merely  dipped  into  the  parts, 
and  mentioned  one  or  two  things  that  have 
caught  our  eye  in  turning  over  the  pages.  So  far  as 
we  have  tested  it,  an  admirable  design  appears  to 
have  been  excellently  carried  out,  and  the  work, 
when  completed,  will  be  as  serviceable  and  as  trust- 
worthy, as  works  issued  with  much  more  pretence 
and  at  twenty  times  its  price.  It  will  also  be 
more  easy  of  reference. 

The  Life  and  Times  of  St.  Boniface.    By  J.   M. 

Williamson,  M.D.    (Frowde.) 

ENGLAND,  which  owes  so  much  to  German  theo- 
logians, has  the  honour  of  having  first  given  Chris- 
tianity to  Germany.  It  sprang  from  the  missionary 
visit  paid  it  by  Winfrith,  a  native  of  Crediton,  in 
Devon,  in  the  year  723,  when  the  name  of  Boni- 
facius,  by  which  he  is  best  known,  was  given  him, 
by  Pope  Gregory  II.  Dr.  Williamson  does  not 
pretend  to  have  anything  new  to  say  about  tide 


10*8.  in.  APRIL  1,1905.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


259 


great  apostle  of  Germany,  nor  has  he  made  any 
original  investigations  as  to  his  work  and  personal 
history.  He  is  content  with  having  woven  a  read- 
able and  interesting  narrative  out  of  the  bio- 
graphical dictionaries  and  handbooks  which  lie 
open  to  all.  When  he  quotes  his  authorities  he 
does  so,  as  a  rule,  without  specifying  the  volume, 
page,  or  date  of  the  edition  used,  which  is  idle  and 
reprehensible ;  the  bibliography  he  gives  at  the 
end  is  all  but  valueless.  We  are  quite  at  a  loss  to 
understand  what  he  means  by  the  words  "  Power's 
copy  " appended  to  "  Wordsworth  Eccles.  Sonnets" 
(p.  14);  and  "Pathol."  (p.  21)  is  a  misprint  for 
"Patrol."  We  may  add,  on  our  own  account,  that 
Boniface  as  a  familiar  synonym  for  the  host  of  an 
inn  has  nothing  to  do  with  the  subject  of  this 
volume,  but  comes  from  an  innkeeper  so  named, 
one  of  the  characters  in  Farquhar's  comedy  'The 
Beaux'  Stratagem,'  1707,  with  allusion,  no  doubt, 
to  his  jovial  countenance,  though  some  have  ima- 
gined a  connexion  with  "St.  Boniface's  cup,"  an 
indulgence  granted  to  the  Benedictines  by  the  Pope 
of  that  name. 

Germany  ;  Iiomance.ro,  Books  I.  and  II.  Trans- 
lated by  Margaret  Armour.  (Heinemann.) 
THESE  unequalled  and  immortal  poems  of  Heine 
constitute  the  eleventh  volume  of  the  collected 
edition  of  his  works.  In  the  rendering  a  difficult 
task  is  accomplished  as  well  as  is  to  be  expected. 
The  translations  are  readable  and  spirited  through- 
out, and  we  have  more  than  once  in  reading  them 
experienced  the  thrill  or  gasp  which  some  of 
Heine's  inspired  grimnesses  are  calculated  to  inspire. 
Heine  is^  of  course,  no  more  translatable  than 
Horace  or  Musset.  The  present  book  may,  none 
the  less,  be  read  with  enjoyment  and  gain. 

To  the  series  known  as  "  Heinemann's  Favourite 
Classics "  is  being  added  an  edition,  in  seven 
volumes,  of  the  poems  of  Tennyson,  edited  by 
Arthur  Waugh.  Of  this  the  first  two  volumes 
consist  of  The  Princess  and  The  Early  Poems. 
These  volumes,  the  same  in  get-up  as  those  of  the 
Shakespeare,  are,  like  them,  miracles  of  cheapness. 
Each  reproduces  a  facsimile  portrait. 

To  Bell's  "Miniature  Series  of  Great  Writers" 
have  been  added  a  capital  life  of  Browning,  by 
Sir  Frank  Marzials,  and  a  readable  biography  of 
John-son,  by  Mr.  John  Dennis. 


A  VOLUME  of  'Specimens  of  the  Elizabethan 
Drama  from  Lyly  to  Shirley  (1580-1612)'  is  about 
to  be  issued  from  the  Oxford  University  Press. 
Nearly  a  hundred  typical  and  representative 
scenes,  complete  in  themselves,  have  been  selected 
by  Mr.  W.  H.  Williams,  now  Professor  of  English 
Literature  in  the  University  of  Tasmania.  The 
text,  which  is,  as  a  rule,  that  of  the  original  quartos 
and  folios,  has  been  revised  by  Mr.  Percy  Simpson, 
in  the  editor's  absence  from  England. 

MB.  W.  ROBERTS  writes : — "  The  new  catalogue 
of  Mr.  W.  V.  Daniell,  of  Mortimer  Street,  Caven- 
dish Square,  W.,  contains  an  unusually  complete 
set  of  N.  ft  Q.'  The  entry  is  as  follows:  ' Notes 
and  Queries,  a  full  set  from  the  commencement  in 
1849  to  the  end  of  1902,  with  the  General  Indices  to 
the  whole  (8  vols.),  together  114  vols.  small  4to, 
fresh  clean  copy  throughout  in  the  original  pub- 
lisher's cloth,  1849-1902,  35/.' " 


BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUES.— MARCH. 

MR.  WILLIAM  BROWN,  of  Edinburgh,  has  some 
beautiful  manuscripts  on  vellum  ;  also  some  speci- 
mens of  early  printing.  Under  America  we  find 
Jefferys's  '  American  Atlas,'  1776,  4J.  4s.  There  are 
interesting  items  under  Australia,  including  a  fine 
copy  of  Grey's  'Journals  during  1837-9,'  2  vols., 
Boone,  1841,  21.  5s.,  and  Tench's  'Port  Jackson/ 
1793,  31.  10s.  Other  items  are  Barrie's  '  Auld  Licht 
Idylls,'  one  of  the  first  fifty  copies,  2  vols.  imperial 
8vo,  31.  10s.  ;  a  first  edition  of  Bewick's  '  Select 
Fables,'  Newcastle,  1820, 11. 15$. ;  a  choice  collection 
of  coloured  plates,  1823-4,  28£.  10s.  Under  Dickens 
occur  '  Master  Humphrey's  Clock,'  with  extra 
plates,  3  vols.,  green  French  levant  morocco,  1840-1,. 
281.  10-*.,  and  many  other  first  editions.  There  is  a 
large-paper  copy  of  Fielding  and  Walton's  '  English- 
Lakes,'  Ackermann,  1821,  9/.  ;  also  Gay's  '  Fables,' 
the  excessively  rare  edition  of  1727-38,  3il.  10s. 
There  is  an  inscribed  presentation  copy  of  Lamb's 
'John  Woodvil,'  first  edition,  original  boards^ 
uncut,  1802,  381.  10s.  This  volume  is  from  the 
library  of  Dykes  Campbell.  The  inscription  is» 
"  Mr.  Sugden,  with  C.  Lamb's  best  regards." 
Under  Natural  History  is  Harvie-Brown's  '  Verte- 
brate Fauna,'  9  vols.,  14£.  14s. ;  and  under  Sporting, 
'  Annals  of  Sporting,'  1822-8,  6W.  A  copy  of  '  Les 
Hommes  Illustres,'  by  Perrault,  contains  the  two- 
suppressed  portraits,  Arnauld  and  Pascal,  1696-1700, 
11.  15s.  A  copy  of  Onne's  '  Nelson,'  containing  an> 
autograph  letter  of  two  quarto  pages,  is  priced 
Ul.  10*.  The  work  is  extremely  scarce. 

Mr.  J.  G.  Cpmmin,  of  Exeter,  has  Baessler's* 
'  Ancient  Peruvian  Art,'  translated  by  A.  H.  Keane,. 
only  200  copies  printed,  81.  10s.  ;  Angelo's  '  Remi- 
niscences,' with  introduction  by  Lord  Howard  de 
Walden,6V.6s  ;  Bible,  1636,  with  Prayer  Book,  bound, 
in  contemporary  needlework,  10/.  10s. ;  a  number  of 
books  relating  to  Devon  and  Exeter  ;  and  Gould's- 
'Birds  of  Great  Britain.'  25  parts,  1862-73,  45^. 
The  first  edition  of  the  '  Junius  Letters,'  1772,  rare, 
is  \l.  5s.  Several  unauthorized  collections  were 
put  forth  previous  to  1772,  but  in  that  year  Wood* 
fall,  the  original  printer  of  the  letters,  procured 
the  sanction  of  "  Junius  "  to  issue  an  edition.  '  The- 
True  Portraiture  of  Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,'  Edition 
Royale,  only  45 copies,  1904,is25guineas.  Shenstone's- 
'  Poems,'  printed  for  the  amusement  of  a  few  friends,, 
prejudiced  in  his  favour,  first  edition,  Oxford,  1737,. 
is  151.  This  is  very  rare,  as  Shenstone  "  took 
uncommon  pains  to  suppress  it  by  collecting  and 
destroying  the  copies  wherever  he  met  with  them" 
(Stevens).  Under  Costume  is  a  set  of  the  7  vols.. 
folio  published  by  M'Lean  &  Miller,  10/.  10s. 
(original  cost  6QL).  A  collection  of  Morland's- 
sketches,  18  parts,  original  wrappers,  is  marked* 
WL  10*. 

Mr.  Bertram  Dobell  has  a  most  interesting  col- 
lection of  books  by  and  relating  to  Shelley.  These 
include  the  rare  first  edition,  Moxon,  1839,  4/.  4s.  ^ 
'  The  Revolt  of  Islam,'  8vo,  boards,  uncut,  John 
Brooks,  1829,  101.  10s.  (this  is  really  a  copy  of  the 
first  and  uncastrated  issue  of  '  Laon  and  Cythna') ;: 
'  Queen  Mab,'  the  extremely  rare  original  edition, 
1813,  311. ;  '  Rosalind  and  Helen,'  1819,  11.  Is.  • 
Hogg's  '  Life  of  Shelley,'  2  vols.,  1858,  scarce,  21.  2s. ;. 
also  Shelley  Society's  Publications.  These  are  from 
the  Shelley  library  formed  by  W.  B.  Tegetmeier. 
The  miscellaneous  portion  of  the  catalogue  includes 
many  items  of  interest — among  others,  'The  Bag- 


260 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io*  s.  in.  APRIL  i,  1905. 


ford  Ballads,'  presentation  copy  from  the  editor, 
the  Rev.  J.  W.  Ebsworth,  to  J.  Payne  Collier, 
11.  5s.  ;  first  editions  of  Bunyan's  works ;  first  edi- 
tions of  Dickens,  including  'Master  Humphrey's 
•Clock,'  complete  set  of  the  88  numbers,  with  wrap- 
pers and  advertisements,  1840-1,  4:1.  4s.  (very  scarce 
in  this  form) ;  an  extensive  collection  of  pamphlets 
by  Hone  and  others,  21  vols.,  9^.  9s.  ;  and  the  rare 
1792  edition  of  '  Roderick  Random,'  31.  17*'.  6d. 

Messrs.  George's  Sons,  of  Bristol,  have  a  number 
of  new  purchases.  These  include  the  first  edition 
of  'Jane  Eyre,'  1847,  3  vols.,  morocco,  11.  10s.  ; 
'  Boccaccio  and  Lydgate,'  1558,  ISl.  18s.  ;  a  complete 
collection  of  the  Carthusian  [Statutes,  1510,  51.  10s. ; 
a  copy  of  Hakluyt,  1589,  11.  10s.  ;  first  editions  of 
Sheridan's  'Critic,'  It.  10s.  ;  'Trip  to  Scarborough,' 
SI.  10s.;  'The  Duenna,'  21.  10s.;  and  'Pizarro,' 
21.  10s. 

Mr.  Charles  Higham  has  a  stock-revision  cata- 
logue of  theological  and  philosophical  books,  Eng- 
lish and  American.  These  include  Cheyne  and 
Black's  'Encyclopaedia  Biblica,'  SI.  17s.  6d.  ;  a  set 
•of  The  Christian  World  Pulpit,  1871-1904,  111.  ;  and 
the  facsimile  of  MS.  verses  of  the  Rev.  John  Keble, 
il.  Is.  This  was  suppressed  immediately  it  was 
issued. 

Messrs.  A.  Iredale  &  Son,  of  Torquay,  have 
Bacon's  '  Advancement  of  Learning,'  1633,  61.  6s. : 
Fielding,  edited  by  Leslie  Stephen,  10  vols.,  cloth, 


A  copy  of  the  American  Chemical  Society's  Journal, 
1879-1904,  is  marked  cheap  at  27^.  10s.  ;  and  An- 
nalen  der  Chemie  und  Pharmacie  von  Liebig, 
Leipzig,  1832-87,  251  vols.  in  211,  original  issue 
throughout,  is  priced  W51.  There  is  a  fine  set  of 
the  Chemical  Society,  1849-97,  511.  10s.  Digby's  '  Of 
the  Sympathetick  Powder,'  1669,  is  18s.  Digby 
first  described  his  well-known  weapon  salve,  or 
powder  of  sympathy,  at  Montpellier  in  1658.  The 
wound  was  not  to  be  brought  in  contact  with  the 
powder,  but  a  bandage  was  to  be  taken  from  the 
wound  and  immersed  in  the  powder,  and  kept 
there  until  the  wound  healed.  Digby  stated  that 
"James  I.  was  greatly  impressed  by  its  efficacy, 
and  that  Bacon  registered  it  in  his  scientific  col- 


1690,  31.  15s.  Huygens  was  the  constructor"  of  the 
pendulum  clock,  following  out  the  idea  first  sug- 
gested by  Galileo;  and  by  means  of  an  improved 
telescope  of  his  own  construction,  in  1655  he  dis- 
covered Saturn's  ring  and  its  fourth  satellite.  He 
was  also  the  discoverer  of  polarization.  Moxon's 
'  Mechanick  Exercises,'  1677-83,  very  rare,  is  ISl.  18s. 
He  was  the  first  of  English  letter-cutters  who 
reduced  to  rule  the  art  which  before  him  had  been 
practised  but  by  guess.  There  is  a  fine  set  of  the 
Philosophical  Transactions  of  the  Royal  Society, 

1665-1895.    4tO.    '200    vols.    in    189     vr>rv    sf>nrno     OOXJ 


new,  31.  ;  '  Ham  House,'  by  Mrs.  Charles  Roun- 
dell,  new,  51.  5s.  Under  India  is  'The  Jataka,' 
together  with  its  commentary,  7  vols.,  including 
index,  Triibner,  1877  (published  at  91.  9s.),  31.  3s. 
Under  London  is  a  large-paper  copy  of  Loftie's 
book,  30s.  A  copy  of  Cochrane-Patrick's  '  Medals  of 
.•Scotland '  is  also  priced  30s.  Menpes's  etchings, 
'The  Thames,'  are  31.  3s.  Interesting  items  under 
Scotland  include  '  Scotland  Delineated,'  in  90  large 
drawings,  2  vols.,  magnificently  bound  by  Leighton 
(cost  211.),  61. ;  also  Billings's  '  Antiquities,' 4  vols. 

4to,   1901,  31.  3s.     A  set   of  the   'Speaker's  Com-  .  .    

mentary,'  14  vols.,  is  priced  at  11.  15s. ;  and  Speed's  !  portraits  from  the  collection  of  the  late  T.  Birchall, 
'Historic  of  Great  Britaine,'  1632,  21. 12s.  6d.     The    77.  10s.    Other  items  comprise  quarto  facsimiles  by 
Library  of  Anglo-Catholic  Theo- 


1665-1895,  4to,  200  vols.  in  189,  very  scarce,  2 
A  supplement  to  the  catalogue  contains  the  more 
important  works  on  the  subjects  published  within 
the  last  twenty  years. 

Mr.  Albert  Sutton,  of  Manchester,  has  a  cata- 
logue devoted  to  Shakespeare  and  the  drama. 
In  it  are  included  Inchbald's  '  British  Theatre,' 
42  vols.,  1808-9,  51.  5s. ;  Peter  Cunningham's  '  Story 
of  Nell  Gwyn,'  1852,  II. ;  Maidment  and  Logan's 
'  Dramatists  of  the  Restoration.'  1872,  31.  3s. ; 
Poole's  'Parnassus,'  1677,  II.  17s.  6d.  Under  Shake- 
speare are  a  number  of  editions ;  also  27  fine 


SO  vols.  of  the 

logy,"  1841-51,  are  priced  at  31.  18s. ;   and  Wood's 

*  Athense  Oxonienses,'  121.  12s. 

Mr.  Clement  S.  Palmer,  of  Bedford  Hill,  Balham- 
ihas  the  original  manuscript  of  Sir  Walter  Besant's 
•*  The  Rebel  Queen,5  in  a  case,  price  20/. ;  a  copy  of 
the  '  Encyclopedic  des  Sciences,  des  Arts,  et  des 
Metiers,'  by  Diderot,  D'Alernbert,  and  others, 
•28  vols.  royal  folio,  1772,  11.  10s. ;  a  collection  of 
•Criminal  Trials,  among  them  being  that  of  Eugene 
Aram,  1740-1844,  41.  18s. ;  and  a  rare  assortment  of 
playbills,  1833-9,  41.  18s.  Other  items  are  a  cata- 
logue of  a  portion  of  the  library  of  the  Duke  of 
Norfolk,  in  manuscript,  1809,  31.  13s.  6d. ;  Buck's 
'History  of  the  Royal  Society,'  1756,  4  vols.  4to, 
•24s. ;  the  'Memoirs'  of  Castelnau,  Bruxelles,  1731, 
y,.  15s. ;  a  curious  old  newspaper,  Rehearsals  ;  or,  a 
Vieio  of  the  Times,  1708,  very  scarce,  35s. ;  and  Book 
of  Common  Prayer,  with  the  form  to  be  used  yearly 
on  2  September  for  the  Fire  of  London,  Oxford, 
printed  at  the  Theater,  1682,  scarce,  30s. 

Messrs.  Sotheran  have  a  special  catalogue  of 
works  on  mathematical,  physical,  and  chemical 
subjects,  including  the  library  of  the  late  Prof. 
Williamson.  Among  many  items  of  interest  we 
find  'Agricola  de  Re  Metallica,' 1561,  11.15s.  The 
author,  whose  real  name  was  Bauer,  was  the  first 
to  give  a  full  account  of  the  chemistry  of  metals. 


, by 

Griggs  and  Pnetorius,  a  complete  set,  43  vols., 
1881-91,  W.  14s.  ;  a  copy  of  '  The  Shakspeare 
Gallery,'  Tilt,  1837,  II.  10s.  ;  and  'The  Itinerant,' 
by  Ryley,  1817-27,  31.  10s.  There  are  a  number  of 
collections  of  Manchester  playbills. 


iff 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

F.  B.  F.  and  others.— We  cannot  undertake  to 
notify  occasional  correspondents  when  replies 
appear  to  queries  in  which  they  are  specially 
interested. 

J.  R.  W.  S.  ("Pain:  Again  ").— The  rime  is  per- 
fectly legitimate. 

S.  K.  D.  ("Jolly  as  a  Sandboy"). — The  phrase  is 
discussed  at  3rd  S.  ix.  331 ;  4th  S.  v.  257. 

NOTICE. 

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contemporary  literature,  and  has  in  more  than  one  case  settled  a  disputed  point  once  and  for  all. 


THE  LIFE  STORY  OF  CHARLOTTE  DE  LA  TREMOILLE, 
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^  fgUbhnn  of  JfnimommumraJion 

FOB 

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Vi.  IsKRiEs.J  OATUKDAT.    ArlUli    o.    Lu\JO.          -\    the  n.r.r.o.  a,  s<co',d-ciai.<  tt,  tier. 

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s.  in.  APRIL  s,  loos.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


261 


LOXDON,  SATURDAY,  APRIL  8,  1905. 


CONTENTS.-No.  67. 

NOTES  :  —  Diamond  Jubilee  of  'The  Newspaper  Press 
Directory,'  261—  The  late  R.  S.  Charnock.  262—'  Directions 
to  Churchwardens,'  2rf4—  'Love's  Labour's  Lost'  :  its  Date 

—  Dean   Swift  and   the  Irish  Stage,   265  —  "Voivode"  — 
Russian  Names,  263  —  Colosseum  r.  Coliseum—  The  Leicar- 
ragan  Verb  —  Sir    Thomas    Browne's    Epitaph  —  Henry 
Ballowe—  Pillion,  267. 

QUERIES  :—  Inscription  on  Tomb  of  Constantine  the  Great 
—Satan's  Autograph—  Date  of  the  Creation—  Tigernacus  — 
Du  Barri—  'My  Cousin's  Tale  of  a  Cock  and  a  Bull'  — 
Privilege  and  Sacrilege,  268  —  Author  of  Quotation  Wanted 

—  Bp.  Richard  Cox—  Cureton'g  Multanis—  Croker's  Panto- 
mimes— Wesley  and  the  Wig—  Shorter  :  Walpole—  Groves 
Family  —  Holbornand  Bloomsbury,  269—  Langley  Meynell  : 
Sir  Robert  Francis—  Rowse  or  Rous  of  Cransford  —  House 
of  Anjou,  270. 

RBPLIES  :—  Thomas  Cooper,  270—  "An  old  woman  went  to 
market,"  271—  Scotch  Words  and  English  Commentators 

—  "  Parkers  "—Hamlet  Watling  —  Luther    Family,  272— 
'Index  of  Arena;  ->l»gical   Papers  '—Balances  or  Scales— 
"Undertaker,"  273  —  Rocque's  and   Horwood's  Maps  of 
London—  Flying  Bridge—  Small  Parishes—  Raleigh's  '  His- 
toric of  the  World,'  274  —  Willesden  :  the  Place-name- 
Bibliographical  Notes  on  Dickens  and  Thackeray—  Shake- 
speare's Pall-bearers  —  Woolmen  in  the  Fifteenth  Century, 
275—  American  Place-names  —  "  Vicariate  "—  "  St.  George 
to  save  a  maid  "—"Bright  Chanticleer"  —  Christopher 
Smart  and  the   Madhouse  —  '  D.N.B.'   and    'Index  and 
Kpitome,'  276—  Abbey  of  St.  Valery-sur-Somme—  Windsor 
Castle    Sentry  —  Caledonian    Coffee  -  house  —  Names   of 
Letters  —  Sir  Harry  Bath:    Shotover,  277  —  Dickens   or 
Wilkie  Collins?  278. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :—  Charles  and  Mary  Lamb's  Works— 
Madame  D'Arblay's  Diary—  'Mediseval  Lore  from  Bartho- 
lomew Anglicus  '—  'Dirr's  Egyptian-Arabic  Grammar'— 
'  Model  Library  of  Foreign  Theology  '  —  '  National  Gal- 
lery of  British  Art  '  —  '  Ben  Jonson  and  "  The  Bloody 
Brother  "  '  —  '  The  Photo-Miniature  '—Reviews  and  Maga- 
zines. 


DIAMOND  JUBILEE  OF  'THE  NEWSPAPER 

PRESS  DIRECTORY.1 

(See  ante,  p.  241.) 

AT  first  paper-makers  looked  coldly  upon 
the  use  of  esparto,  and  in  1860  Mr.  Thomas 
Routledge  was  the  only  paper-maker  using 
it  ;  but  it  gradually  became  adopted,  Mr. 
Edward  Lloyd,  the  founder  of  Lloyd's 
News,  being  among  the  earliest  to  use  it. 
Now,  owing  to  improved  methods,  straw, 
wood  pulp,  and  other  materials  have  been 
largely  introduced,  and  these  methods  have 
enabled  the  common  sorts  of  paper  to  be 
produced  at  the  present  low  rates.  But  for 
books  of  reference,  and  works  of  permanent 
value,  the  higher-priced  papers  must  still  be 
used,  as  the  cheaper  kinds  are  not  satisfactory. 
The  Society  of  Arts  published  in  1898  a 
report  of  a  committee  on  the  deterioration  of 
paper,  which  suggested  that  works  of  a  per- 
manent character  should  be  printed  on  paper 
consisting  of  not  less  than  70  per  cent,  of  rag. 

There  are  two  interesting  articles  on  the 
press  in  the  '  Directory,'  one  written  by  the 
veteran  Sir  Edward  Russell,  and  the  other 
by  Sir  Alfred  Harmsworth,  "one  of  the 
younger  men  engaged  in  the  making  of 


newspapers."  Like  all  successful  men  lie  is 
an  optimist,  and  no  one  can  doubt  that  lie 
is  right  when  he  says:  "The  future  of  the 
daily  press  grows  brighter  every  year.  As  a 
record  of  the  world's  history  it  is  well  on  the 
road  towards  perfection  ;  while  its  educative 
influence  is  greater  to-day  than  it  has  ever 
been  in  the  past."  Of  the  London  daily 
papers  the  oldest  is  The  Morning  Post, 
established  1772  ;  The  Times  comes  next,  1785, 
followed  by  The  Morning  Advertiser,  1794. 
The  first  daily  established  in  the  nineteenth 
century  was  The  Daily  Xews,  1846.  Of  the 
weekly  papers  only  six  have  exceeded  the 
three  score  and  ten  limit :  The  Weekly  Dis- 
patch,  1801  ;  The  Lancet.  1823  ;  The  Athe- 
noeum,  January,  1828  ;  The  Record,  January, 
1828  (formerly  issued  three  times  a  week) ;  The 
Spectator,  July,  1828  ;  The  Broad  Arrow,  1833. 
Not  the  least  interesting  portion  of  this 
'Directory'  is  that  devoted  to  our  Colonial 
Press,  in  which  a  sketch  is  given  of  its  early 
struggles.  While  the  friends  of  the  press 
were  fighting  for  freedom  here  a  hard 
struggle  preceded  the  emancipation  of  the 
press  in  almost  every  colony.  The  censorship 
was  a  privilege  which  Colonial  Governors 

Earted  with  reluctantly,  and  freedom  had  to 
e  almost  torn  from  their  grasp.  The  first 
newspaper  started  in  British  North  America 
was  The  Halifax  Gazette,  on  the  23rd  of 
March,  1752.  Its  projector  was  Bartholomew 
Green,  son  of  the  publisher  of  the  celebrated 
Boston  yews  Letter,  the  first  newspaper  pub- 
lished in  America.  The  opening  number  of  the 
Gazette  had  only  three  advertisements,  one 
of  these  referring  to  some  negro  slaves  who 
were  for  sale  in  Halifax.  The  second  Canadian 
paper  was  The  Quebec  Gazette,  started  21st 
June,  1764.  Its  first  number  contained  the 
news  "that  the  House  of  Commons  intended 
to  tax  the  American  Colonies."  The  oldest 
paper  existing  in  Canada  is  The  Montreal 
Gazette,  founded  June  3rd,  1778.  It  owed 
its  origin  "  to  a  belief  on  the  part  of  the 
American  Revolutionary  party  that  the 
French  Canadians  could  be  won  over  to 
support  the  rebel  States."  Under  this  im- 
pression Benjamin  Franklin  was  supplied 
with  a  printing-press,  in  order  to  appeal  to 
the  inhabitants  of  Lower  Canada  by  its 
means. 

Australia  has  now  close  upon  a  thousand 
newspapers,  and  in  no  part  of  the  world 
is  the  press  more  powerful.  When  Governor 
Phillip  took  possession  in  1788,  and  estab- 
lished Sydney,  he  brought  with  him  from 
England  a  printing-press;  but  as  no  one 
had  any  knowledge  of  the  black  art,  it 
was  ten  years  before  his  proclamations 


262 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES, 


s.  m.  APRIL  s,  19Q& 


could  appear  in  type,  and  replace  the  manu- 
script notices  previously  affixed  to  gum 
trees,  so  that  it  was  not  until  the  5th  of 
March,  1803,  that  the  first  newspaper,  The 
Sydney  Gazette,  was  published.  Copies  of  this 
first  issue  are  still  extant,  but  in  too  dila- 
pidated a  condition  for  effective  reproduc- 
tion. The  honour  of  starting  the  second 
paper,  The  Australian,  the  24th  of  October, 
1824,  is  due  to  William  Charles  Wentworth, 
a  Sydney  barrister,  who  subsequently  de- 
veloped into  the  pioneer  statesman  of  Aus- 
tralia. Its  aim  was  "  to  convert  a  prison 
into  a  colony  fit  for  &  freeman  to  inhabit  him- 
self and  to  bequeath  as  an  inheritance  to 
posterity."  It  survived  until  1848,  and  its 
career  was  brilliant.  It  was  in  1831  that 
the  era  of  serious  journalism  commenced. 
On  the  18th  of  April  The  Sydney  Herald  first 
saw  the  light,  and  "it  has  since  become 
one  of  the  giants  of  the  Australian  press," 
and  is  regarded  with  affectionate  venera- 
tion as  one  of  the  institutions  of  Australia. 
The  property  is  now  held  by  Sir  James 
Reading  Fairfax  and  his  sons.  It  is  a 
curious  fact  that  for  many  years  this  paper 
has  been  conducted  by  clerical  editors. 
Mr.  Thomas  Heney  is  its  present  editor. 
Another  paper,  The  Atlas,  was  started  in 
1844  as  the  organ  of  the  "  squattocracy." 
Among  its  most  caustic  writers  was  Eobert 
Lowe,  then  a  Sydney  barrister,  afterwards 
Lord  Sherbrooke.  The  founder  of  the  Vic- 
torian press  was  John  Pascoe  Fawkner.  In 
1838  he  circulated  a  manuscript  newspaper, 
The  Melbourne  Advertiser,  the  remote  pro- 
genitor of  the  famous  Melbourne  Argus.  It 
stated  that  "  the  sons  of  Britain  languish 
when  debarred  the  use  of  that  mighty  engine 
the  press."  After  nine  issues  in  manuscript 
Fawkner  procured  a  quantity  of  "old  waste 
letter  called  type,"  and  the  tenth  number  was 
set  up  by  a  lad  with  a  few  months'  expe- 
rience in  type-setting.  The  united  annual 
circulation  of  the  Australian  press  through 
the  Post  Office  now  reaches  130,000,000.  Of 
course  these  vast  figures  give  no  idea  of  the 
actual  circulation. 

Space  will  not  allow  of  more  than  these 
passing  references,  although  it  would  be 
interesting  to  give  an  account  of  the  Indian, 
South  African,  and  West  Indian  presses. 

This  account  of  the  colonial  press  is  well 
illustrated,  and  as  one  looks  at  the  striking 
portraits  one  feels  a  longing  to  have  a  per- 
sonal acquaintance  with  the  men  to  whose 
talents  and  great  ability  the  proud  position 
of  our  colonial  press  is  due.  I  have  only 
been  able  briefly  to  indicate  what  rich 
material  the  future  historian  of  the  colonial 


press   will  find   ready   to  his  hand  in  this 
invaluable  volume. 

I  cannot  close  without  offering  to  my  old 
friend  Mr.  Wellsman,  the  editor  of  this. 
'  Directory,'  my  hearty  congratulations,  for 
he  assisted  Mr.  Mitchell  in  the  first  issue 
in  1846  and  subsequent  issues.  In  1857  he 
became  sub  editor,  and  on  Mr.  Mitchell's 
death  in  1859  he  took  over  the  editorship.  I 
am  sure  that  all  connected  with  the  press 
will  earnestly  wish  that  for  many  years  yet 
to  come  his  signature  may  appear  at  the  end 
of  the  editorial  address.  I  may  add  thai 
Mr.  Wellsman  has  always  been  ready  in  the 
most  courteous  way  to  give  information  to- 
members  of  Parliament  and  others  requiring 
"Press  statistics."  His  knowledge  of  these 
is  unique,  and  was  specially  useful  in  the 
agitation  for  the  repeal  of  the  compulsory 
stamp  and  the  paper  duties. 

JOHN  C.  FRANCIS. 


THE   LATE  R.   S.   CHARNOCK. 

DR.  CHARNOCK  was  a  contributor  to 
'  N.  &  Q.'  for  close  upon  half  a  century. 

I  find  a  note  of  his  in  1856.     From  the  names 
of  contributors  being  indexed  in  the  Ninth 
General  Index,  I  am  able  to  state  without 
trouble  that  his  last  note  was  in  the  tenth 
volume  in  1902.     He  was  born  in  London, 

II  August,  1820,  and  was  educated  at  King's- 
College. 

As  Charnock  was  admitted  an  attorney  in 
1841  he  would  probably  have  been  articled- 
when  he  was  sixteen,  so  that  he  had  not  time 
to  get  much  scholastic  education,  nor  was- 
much  required  in  those  days  ;  but  I  think 
we  may  truly  say  that  his  chief  education 
was  that  which,he  gave  himself. 

His  was  one  of  the  oldest  names  on  the 
books  of  the  British  Museum,  he  having  been- 
admitted  a  reader  on  15  September,  1838. 

His  first  office  was  at  44,  Paternoster  Row 
— then,  as  now,  full  of  publishers  and  book- 
sellers— buthe  afterwards  removed  to 8-,  Gray's 
Inn  Square,  where  he  lived  for  many  years. 
He  was  admitted  a  member  of  the  Inn 
26  January,  1870  (Foster's  'Register').  He 
ceased  practising  as  a  solicitor  in  ISTTK 
His  father  was  also  an  attorney  ;  but  as  he 
was  called  to  the  Bar  in  18401,  he  must  have 
given  up  the  lower  branch  of  the  profes- 
sion some  years  before  in  order  to  become  a 
barrister* 


*  I  observe  that  Mr.  Boase  gives  the  date  of  the 
father's  birth  as  1799,  which,  1  think,  is  not  right, 
for  he  would  then  have  only  been  fourteen  wnen 
admitted  a  student  of  Gray's  Inn  28>  July,  ISIS 
(Foster's  '  Register '),  which  would  allow  less  time; 


s.  in.  APKIL  s,  1905.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


263; 


The  father  was  a  friend  of  our  family,  and 
as  a  boy  I  was  fond  of  going  to  his  chambers, 
5,  King's  Bench  Walk,  for  a  chat  with  him — 
just  about  fifty  years  ago.  What  strange 
things  happen  !  I  did  not  even  know  K.  S. 
Charnock  then,  nor  for  some  years  after  his 
father  died— and  now  I  am  writing  a  notice 
of  the  son.  Who  could  have  foreseen  such  a 
coincidence  ? 

The  father  lived  a  lonely  life  in  his 
chambers  in  a  basement  in.the  Temple,  where 
he  died  ;  the  son  also  lived  a  lonely  life  in  the 
obscure  lodging  in  which  he  died. 

The  father  married  his  cousin,  and  one  of 
the  children  was  very  weak  and  another  a 
cripple.  The  latter  was  clever  at  wood-turn- 
ing, «kc.,  and  I  still  have  some  draughtsmen 
he  made.  My  mother,  who  had  been  reading 
Combe's  '  Constitution  of  Man '  (ray  father 
did  not  trouble  himself  about  heredity),  used 
to  point  a  moral  to  me  on  the  undesirability 
of  near  relations  marrying  :  how  surprised 
she  would  be  to  hear  that  R.  S.  Charnock  had 
lived  to  be  eighty-four  !  The  father  was  not  so 
successful  a  traveller  as  his  son.  I  recollect 
his  saying  that  he  had  never  been  abroad, 
and  had  determined  to  go  to  Italy.  In 
less  than  a  week  he  was  back.  It  was  not 
necessary  to  ask  the  reason — he  had  been  so 
punished  by  mosquitos  that  he  was  almost 
unrecognizable. 

It  seems  to  me  very  i-emarkable  how  many 
lawyers  (i.e.,  attorneys  and  solicitors)  have 
obtained  some  amount  of  distinction  in  litera- 
ture or  some  walk  of  life  other  than  that  of 
their  own  profession.  An  instance  presents 
itself  to  me  in  M.  H.  Bloxam,  who  wrote 
'The  Principles  of  Gothic  Ecclesiastical 
Architecture,'  the  first  book  of  the  kind,  but 
there  have  since  been  several  imitations,  the 
best  known  being  Parker's  'Introduction  to 
the  Study  of  Gothic  Architecture.' 

Nevertheless,  though  the  clergy  (Crock- 
ford's  'Clerical  Directory')  and  the  doctors 
('The  Medical  Directory')  have  each  yearly 
biographical  dictionaries,  lawyers  (barristers 
and  solicitors),  under  the  blighting  influence 
of  the  'Law  List,'  have  none.  Yet  I  believe 
they  could  show  a  record  not  inferior  to  the 
other  professions. 


than  his  son  had  for  his  education.  Moreover,  his 
eldest  daughter,  born  about  1818,  is  still  living.  I 
fancy  an  attorney  had  then  to  be  articled  for  seven 
years,  and  this  agrees  with  the  year  1820,  when  his 
name  first  appears  in  the  'Law  List'  as  a  solicitor, 
which  I  presume  could  not  have  taken  place  before 
he  was  twenty-one.  I  do  not  know  the  exact  date 
when  the  time  for  a  barrister  was  reduced  from 
five  to  three  years,  or  an  attorney  or  solicitor  from 
seven  to  five. 


As  with  H.  S.  Ashbee  (see  9th  S.  viii.  460)v 
it  has  been  left  to  foreigners  to  recognize- 
Charnock's  services  to  literature  and  his, 
original  inquiries,  all  much  too  little  noticed 
both  here  and  abroad.  The  chief  recognition, 
is  that  of  the  University  of  Gottingen,  which  - 
conferred  on  him  the  degree  of  doctor  of 
philosophy. 

The  only  book  of  reference  in  which  I  find 
some  biographical  particulars  is  'Men  of  the 
Time,'  first  in  1875,  repeated  in  the  last 
edition,  1895,  before  it  was  merged  in  '  Who 'a 
Who.'  But  he  is  unknown  to  'Who's  Who,'J 
where  I  find  many  more  fashionable  men, 
who  have  done  less.  Nor  is  he  in  Barwick's 
'  Pocket  Remembrancer,'  with  its  30,000 
names,  ancient  and  modern,  up  to  1903. 

Dr.  Charnock  had  been  unwell  for  several 
years.     On    my   return  -after    some  weeks' 
absence  I  called  at  his  rooms,  when  I  was. 
told  that  lie  had  died  a  fortnight  before,  on. 
2  March.     Hence  the  short  notes  that  ap- 
peared in  the  press  on  the  17th  ;  but  there 
had  been  no  announcement.    There  was  not 
a  relation  nor  a  stranger  who  had  enough 
care  for  him  to  do  this  little  office.    I  do  not 
say  this  reproachfully;  it  was  his  own  fault.. 
He  passed  away  peacefully,  unnoticed   and 
unknown,   in    the  house    in   which   he   had 
lodged  for  some  years,  No.  30,  Millman  Street, 
attended  to  by   strangers.     For  their  long 
attention    he    has    left    them    a    handsome- 
legacy,   and  relatives  and   friends  are   not 
forgotten   among  the   numerous   legacies  he- 
left,    his  property   being  about  10,000^.   in 
value. 

Notwithstanding  his  legal  education,  in  his. 
desire  to  be  generous,  the  legacies  in  his  will 
are  for  a  larger  amount  than  he  had  to  give, 
though  he  frequently  made  fresh  wills,  the 
last  being  dated  in  1898. 

The  following  works  are  entered  under  his . 
name  in  the  Catalogue  of  the  Library  of  the 
British  Museum  : — 

Guide  to  the  Tyrol,  Pedestrian  Tours  during  the 
Summers  of  1852  and  1853.  1857. 

Local  Etymology.     1859. 

Verba  Nominalia.    1866. 

Ludus  Patronymicus.     1868. 

Ancient    Manorial    Customs,    Tenures,    Sec,,    in . 
Essex.    1870. 

Patronymica  Cornu-Britannica.     1870. 

Glossary  of  the  Essex  Dialect.    1880. 

Prffinomina  :  Etymology  of  the  Principal  Christian-. 
Names  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland.     1882. 

Nuces  Etymologic*.    1889. 

He  edited  Anthrojjoloyia  for  the  London 
Anthropological  Society  (1874-6),  and  papers 
contributed  by  him  to  it,  to  the  Journal  of 
the  Anthropological  Institute,  and  to  the 
Transactions  of  the  Philological  Society,  were-. 


264 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io*  s.  m.  APRIL  s.  IJKS. 


«truck  off  separately.  He  also  edited  '  Brad- 
shaw's  Illustrated  Handbook  to  Spain  and 
Portugal.'  RALPH  THOMAS. 

[We  knew  Charnock  during  many  years,  and 
found  him  reticent.  His  contributions  were  gene- 
rally short,  but  their  occasional  appearances  pro- 
voked serious  remonstrances  from  philologists.] 


'DIRECTIONS  TO  CHURCHWARDENS.' 
THIS  pamphlet,  by  Humphrey  Prideaux, 
Archdeacon  of  Suffolk,  contains  many  points 
of  interest,  both  in  regard  to  law  (Church) 
and  language.  There  is  nothing,  probably, 
that  is  not  already  known,  and  yet  the  read- 
ing of  it  induces  many  reflections  which  may 
prove  interesting  to  readers  of  *N.  &  Q.' 
It  may  be  noted  en  passant  that  the  statement 
in  the  '  Dictionary  of  National  Biography ' 
that  Prideaux  held  this  appointment  till 
1694  does  not  tally  with  the  evidence  of  the 
pamphlet,  which  was  published  by  him  in 
1701  in  his  capacity  of  Archdeacon  of  Suffolk. 
The  prefatory  letter  is  not  only  addressed  to 
the  clergy  of  that  archdeaconry,  but  it  is 
signed  Humphrey  Prideaux,  Archdeacon  of 
Suffolk.  Further,  the  second  edition,  printed 
in  1704,  has,  similarly,  his  name  and  office  on 
the  title-page,  though  it  is  certainly  question- 
able if  he  held  the  office  then,  for  in  the 
meantime  he  had  been  appointed  to  the 
Deanery  of  Norwich. 

What  is  rather  remarkable  in  the  language 
of  the  pamphlet  is  the  running  explanation 
which  often  accompanies  the  terms  used  by 
the  writer.  Tims,  in  employing  the  term 
""outsetter,"  he  adds,  "  who  occupieth  lands 
in  the  Parish,  but  doth  not  inhabit  there." 
This  word  has  fallen  into  desuetude,  and 
perhaps  was  never  in  very  general  use,  and 
yet  we  have  no  successor  or  equivalent  to. 
•describe  the  class  of  person  referred  to. 
Again,  in  using  the  term  "chapel-of-ease," 
he  speaks  of  those  who  build  a  chapel  "for 
jtheir  own  ease,"  to  save  their  walking  a  dis- 
tance to  the  church,  which  is  a  dis-ease  to 
the  rest  of  the  parish,  who  have,  in  con- 
sequence, to  make  larger  contributions  to 
keep  up  that  church  and  its  services.  Then, 
"in  using  the  term  "patron,"  he  speaks  of 
him  in  the  alternative  as  "  founder,"  a  fact 
too  often  lost  sight  of  by  those  who  decry 
<rhe  prevailing  system  of  presentation.  Side- 
men  are  also  spoken  of  as  "quest-men";  but, 
curiously  enough  to  those  of  us  who  are 
•only  accustomed  to  modern  terms  and  usages, 
the  rector,  or  the  possessor  of  the  rectorial 
tithes,  is  always  the  "  parson,"  and  there  is 
no  mention  of  the  vestry.  It  is  "  the  parish 
••meeting,"  as  if  the  writer  had  been  living  in 


the  present  day,  with  this  difference  in  sub- 
stance, that  the  business  transacted  was  of  a 
strictly  ecclesiastical  character. 

One  is  further  surprised  to  find  legal 
phraseology  abounding,  though  it  cannot 
have  conveyed  much  meaning  to  lay  church- 
wardens. Perhaps  the  term  "  assertory  oath  " 
scarcely  comes  under  this  definition,  but  a 
few  lines  before  this  we  read,  "  they  will 
prescribe  thereto,"  meaning  "  they  can  claim 
a  prescription " ;  and  a  few  lines  after  we 
find  the  term  "  peremptory  exception,"  a 
strictly  legal  phrase  for  a  claim  to  li#ve  the 
action  dismissed. 

In  regard  to  Church  laws,  it  is  curious  to 
note  the  vehemence  with  which  the  arch- 
deacon asserts  the  right  of  the  Church  to 
enforce  the  ecclesiastical  law.  He  must  have 
felt  her  authority  slipping  away  from  her,  and 
these  'Directions  to  Churchwardens'  were 
his  own  individual  effort  to  stem  the  tide. 
No  language  is  too  strong  for  the  wickedness 
of  those  who  evaded  their  spiritual  duties,  as 
he  conceived  them,  and  he  would  certainly 
have  called  down  fire  and  brimstone  upon 
them  had  the  law  allowed  him  and  had  he 
possessed  the  power. 

At  that  period  no  one  who  lived  in  the 
parish  could  refuse  the  office  of  church- 
warden, who  had  to  make  oath  faithfully 
to  fulfil  the  very  unpleasant  duties  thrust 
upon  him.  These  consisted  largely  in  "pre- 
senting "  persons  who  did  not  attend  church, 
and  in  haling  before  a  justice  of  the  peace 
those  who  committed  certain  offences.  It 
was  a  part  of  the  duties  to  chastise  boys 
who  misbehaved  in  church,  the  beadle's  juris- 
diction in  these  matters  not  being  at  that 
time  generally  recognized ;  to  remove  the 
hats  of  those  who  persisted  in  keeping  them 
on,  to  see  that  the  congregation  knelt  during 
prayers,  and  to  hunt  up  incontinent  persons 
and  common  swearers.  The  very  mention 
of  a  certain  class  of  misbehaviour  during  ser- 
vice reveals  a  parlous  state  of  things,  which 
not  only  continued,  but  grew;  and  there 
are  persons  alive  now  who  remember  the 
difficulty  that  attended  one  clergyman,  more 
earnest  and  reverent  than  his  fellows,  in  his 
endeavours  to  stop  the  smoking  that  was  a 
common  practice  in  the  church  of  this  parish 
during  divine  service.  He  only  succeeded  at 
last  by  hiring  some  burly  fellows  to  eject  the 
offenders. 

Much  of  all  this  is  well  known,  and  yet 
it  makes  one  rub  one's  eyes  to  observe  the 
very  intolerance  of  the  Act  of  Toleration. 
It  is  far  easier  to  obtain  an  exemption  cer- 
tificate from  vaccination  now  than  it  was  for 
a  parishioner  to  obtain  permission  to  attend 


10*8.  III.  AFBH,  8,  1908.]         NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


265 


a  Dissenting  place  of  worship.  Even  school- 
masters had  to  be  licensed  for  their  duties 
by  the  ordinary,  for,  as  the  archdeacon 
pithily  puts  it,  "  it  was  never  intended  they 
should  poison  posterity  with  their  errors." 

It  is  interesting  to  read,  as  a  little  sidelight 
on  prevailing  habits,  that  one  of  the  reasons 
for  advocating  the  plurality  of  livings  was 
to  enable  the  clergy  to  dispense  hospitality. 
If  such  were  for  the  purpose  of  supplying 
the  sick  and  needy,  no  more  beneficial  object 
can  be  imagined  ;  but  I  very  much  fear  a  more 
personal  and  less  kindly  form  of  hospitality 
was  intended. 

There  is,  however,  one  injunction  which  is 
very  much  to  be  commended.  In  levying 
rates  for  the  service  of  the  church  the  land 
is  only  to  be  taxed  for  the  repair  and 
upkeep  of  the  structure.  All  the  movable 
chattels  are  to  be  maintained  and  replaced 
by  levying  a  rate  on  the  personal  estates  of 
the  parishioners.  This  is  a  shadow,  thrown 
from  a  long  distance,  that  we  may  well  hope 
to  be  the  precursor  of  an  alteration  in  our 
system  of  rating,  which  hampers  the  land, 
already  overburdened,  and  lets  pass  all  the 
vast  accumulation  of  personal  wealth  to  be 
enjoyed  without  toll  by  its  fortunate  pos- 
sessors. HOLCOMBE  INGLEBY. 

Sedgeford  Hall,  King's  Lynn. 


'  LOVE'S  LABOUR  's  LOST  ' :  ITS  DATE.— ME. 
D.  R.  CLARK,  ante,  p.  170,  quotes  some 
remarks  on  p.  38  of  my  little  book.  He, 
however,  unintentionally  does  this  not  quite 
fairty.  He  cites  them  as  if  my  words  were 
put  as  a  verbatim  quotation.  This  they  were 
not.  The  whole  work  was  professedly  the 
mere  "outline"  of  a  "story."  The  passage 
MR.  CLARK  cites  strongly  shows  itself  that 
this  was  meant  for  a  mere  statement  only, 
since  two  words  in  it,  intended  for  a  verbatim 
quotation,  are  expressly  so  marked,  as  can 
readily  be  seen  by  any  one. 

But  I,  nevertheless,  will  at  once  grasp  the 
whole  substance  of  MR.  CLARK'S  criticism. 
My  passage,  as  a  whole,  points  out  that  the 
date  of  '  Love's  Labour 's  Lost '  is  mistaken 
by  those  who  think  it  to  have  been  first 
put  upon  the  stage  in  or  about  1598.  That 
it  is  of  a  much  earlier  date  is  shown  by  the 
statement  that  an  earlier  version  of  the 
play  had  been  "  enlarged  "  by  "  Shakespeare," 
who,  MR.  CLARK  would  have  said,  had 
"augmented  "  it  then.  I  have  confessedly  a 
slow  and  stupid  mind.  But  will  MR.  CLARK 
kindly  point  out  what  difference  in  the  sub- 
stance of  my  statement  is  conveyed,  in  his 
opinion,  by  the  difference  between  the  word 


"  enlarged,"  which  I  use  as  one  of  description, 
and  the  word  "augmented,"  unquestionably 
employed  on  the  title  -  page  of  the  Folio 
of  1598 1  I  always  like  to  be  instructed; 
but  my  dense  mind  fails  to  grasp  the 
substance  of  the  correction  suggested  here. 

Two  other  points  are  conveyed  by  the 
passage  which  MR.  CLARK  cites,  in  addition 
to  the  above.  First,  differing  from  my 
friends  the  Baconians,  I  say  that  it  is,  for  the 
most  part,  utterly  impossible  to  ascribe  a 
precise  date  as  that  of  the  exact  origin  of 
any  play.  Next,  I  urge  Marlow's  sudden 
death,  and  the  laboured  and  elaborate 
bringing  in  of  the  player  of  Stratford  as  his 
"mask"  for  Bacon  (the  "man  behind  the 
mask"),  as  betrayed  by  the  play  of  'The 
Taming  of  the  Shrew.'  That  was  the  first  play 
which  followed  the  poems  of  'Venus  and 
Adonis'  and  of  'Lucrece.'  I  also  urge  the 
truth  of  my  hypothesis  as  shown  even  more 
plainly  by  the  two  different  spellings  of  the 
pseudo-word  adopted.  About  this  time  it 
was  (in  1598)  for  comedies,  such  as  'Love's 
Labour's  Lost,'  spelt  as  "Shakespere,"  and 
for  tragedies  spelt  as  "Shake-speare";  which 
latter  form  was  again  in  1599  put  to  a 
tragedy  ('Henry  IV.').  But  in  1600  the  form 
of  name  just  cited  was  placed  on  a  comedy 
as  one  word.  In  later  years  the  use  of 
the  same  forms  of  word  became  employed 
in  a  way  which  my  little  "outline"  tries  to 
explain. 

If  MR.  CLARK  will  read  my  humble  work  a 
little  more  studiously,  and  he  and  his  friends 
(who  are  at  present  Stratford  believers)  will 
meet  my  friends  and  myself  (a  convinced 
Baconian  one),  such  consideration  as  I  have 
been  able  to  give  to  the  "evidence"  leads  me 
to  believe  that  both  the  Stratfordians  and 
the  Baconians  would  the  better  appreciate 
the  arguments  which  each  can  adduce  for 
the  cause  he  has  espoused. 

G.   PlTT-LEAVIS. 

DEAN  SWIFT  AND  THE  IRISH  STAGE.  —  In 
his  'Closing  Years  of  Dean  Swift,'  at  p.  131, 
Sir  William  Wilde  gives  some  account  of  a 
coarse  unprinted  poem  written  by  the  great 
satirist,  circa  1692,  under  title  '  Mrs.  Butler 
the  Player  in  Ireland  to  Mrs.  Bracegirdle 
Her  Correspondent  in  London.'  Two  con- 
temporary copies  of  this  exist :  one  in  an 
almanac  formerly  belonging  to  Swift,  and 
the  other  in  the  first  volume  of  a  compilation 
called  'The  Whimsical  Medley'  (otherwise 
known  as  'The  Lanesborough  MSS.'),  now 
in  Trinity  College,  Dublin.  Wilde's  account 
of  this  collection  of  chroniques  scandal  euse& 
is  full  of  blunders.  He  begins  by  calling  it 
'The  Whimsical  Miscellany,'  and  gives  a. 


266 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io»  s.  m.  APRIL  s,  iocs. 


"wrong  reference  for  the  poem  referred  to, 
"which  will  be  found  in  vol.  i.  p.  106. 

On  the  declaration  of  peace  on  23  March, 
1692,  the  Smock  Alley  Theatre  reopened  its 
doors  after  a  long  silence ;  and  it  was  pro- 
bably about  that  period  that  Mrs.  Butler 
(according  to  the  relation  in  Gibber's 
'Apology')  went  to  Ireland  from  Drury  Lane 
on  practically  her  own  terms.  Swift,  in  pre- 
tending that  his  poem  was  sent  from  one 
actress  to  another,  unwittingly  set  a  trap 
into  which  Sir  W.  11.  Wilde  walked  with 
•unsuspecting  ease.  A  careful  reading  of  the 
thirty-eight  lines  shows  that  the  whole  is 
merely  a  coarse  satire,  unredeemed  by  any 
grace  of  wit  or  felicity  of  style,  on  several 
fashionable  grandes  dames  of  the  town.  But 
Wilde  carelessly  assumes  that  the  names 
mentioned — Dillon,  Bellew,  Uniacke,  Askins, 
Foulkes,  Poultney,  Atkinson,  and  Jackson — 
are  those  of  contemporary  Dublin  actresses, 
and  looks  upon  the  poem  as  a  serious  reflec- 
tion upon  the  Irish  stage  of  the  period.  This 
is  preposterous.  One  searches  in  vain  for 
mention  of  any  such  names  in  the  records  of 
the  Dublin,  or  the  London,  stage  at  the 
close  of  the  seventeenth  century.  It  is  note- 
worthy, too,  that  although  players  were  not 
§iven  to  chop  and  change  much  in  those 
ays,  Chetwood  makes  no  mention  of  any  of 
these  ladies  in  his  '  General  History  of  the 
Stage';  and  yet  he  gives  the  full  casts  of 
three  plays — 'The  Comical  llevenge,'  'She 
Wou'd  if  She  Cou'd,'  and  '  The  Man  of  Mode ' 
— performed  at  Smock  Alley  circa  1694. 

My  argument  could  be  satisfactorily  driven 
home  were  it  possible  to  quote  the  poem 
in  extenso.  However,  I  give  the  first  twelve 
lines,  and  draw  attention  particularly  to  the 
tenth,  as  establishing  my  case  : — 

Mrs.  Butler  the  Player  in  Ireland  to  Mrs.  Brace- 
girdle,  Her  Correspond'  in  London. 
Mars,  my  dear  Friend,  was  so  triumphant  grown 
Such  Civill  Warrs  before  were  never  known. 
They  were  so  prejudiciall  to  my  Trade 
I  scarce  could  Liue  both  by  the  Gown  and  Blade  ; 
But  now  1  hope  thanks  to  our  kinder  starrs 
We  shall  have  here  no  more  intestine  Jarrs : 
Bellona  shall  no  more  infect  this  age, 
Venus  alone  shall  tread  our  lustfull  Stage. 
These  are  the  chief  Pimps,  Panders,  Whores  of  witt 
That  fill  intriguing  Boxes  and  the  Pitt. 
Dillon  wou'd  be  an  Angell  was  her  mind 
Like  to  her  face  so  gloriously  refin'd. 

Certain  allusions  to  one  or  two  of  the  ladies 
mentioned  in  other  poems  in  the  same 
volume  of  '  The  Whimsical  Medley '  go  to 
prove  that  Swift  was  attacking  people  of 
rank  and  fashion.  Cf.  i.  p.  53,  Bellew;  p.  110, 
Uniacke  ;  and  p.  130,  Dillon.  One  of  these 
ladies  kept  a  handsome  footman,  an  im- 


possible proceeding  for  a  minor  Dublin 
actress  at  the  fag  end  of  the  seventeenth 
century.  W.  J.  LAWRENCE. 

Dublin. 

"VOIVODE":  ITS  PRONUNCIATION.  —  The 
recent  publication  of  a  charming  little  book, 
'Songs  of  the  Valiant  Voivode,'  by  Helene 
Vacaresco,  raises  the  question  of  how  this 
title  should  be  pronounced.  Miss  Vacaresco 
gives  no  clue.  The  English  dictionaries  give 
only  voivode,  which  is  no  doubt  admissible, 
while  they  omit  voivode,  used  by  Longfellow 
in  his  '  Scanderbeg ' : — 

But  he  cared  not  for  Hospodars, 
Nor  for  Baron  or  Voivode, 
As  on  through  the  night  he  rode 
And  gazed  at  the  fateful  stars. 

This  is  the  accentuation  I  myself  prefer, 
and  it  agrees  with  the  forms  in  most 
European  tongues,  such  as  German  Woiwdde, 
Italian  vaivdda,  Roumanian  voivdd,  &c.  The 
exception  is  Servian,  which  has  voivoda  ;  but 
Servian  is  a  peculiar  language,  and  at  some 
period,  perhaps  not  very  distant,  underwent 
a  complete  accentual  shift,  with  the  result 
that  the  Servian  stress  is  now  one  syllable  in 
advance  of  the  Russian.  This  means  that 
the  Russian  pronunciation  voevoda  is  more 
correct  than  Servian  voivoda.  Compare  the 
ancient  title  of  the  Montenegrin  rulers, 
which  in  Russian  retains  its  original  stress, 
Vladika,  whereas  Servians  call  it  Vlddilta. 
JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

RUSSIAN  NAMES. — The  notes  by  my  learned 
friend  H.  K.  upon  '  Zemstvo,"  printed  ante, 
pp.  185,  233,  induce  me  to  pen  a  few  obser- 
vations upon  some  prominent  names  about 
which  popular  misconception  exists.  The 
name  of  the  eminent  general  Kuropatkin, 
pronounced  as  spelt,  is  of  humble  origin, 
being  traced  to  the  fowl  kurop&tka,  a  kind 
of  partridge.  There  is  no  connexion  with 
the  princely  name  Kropotkin,  which  is  ap- 
parently related  to  the  verb  kropotit,  to  make 
a  fuss.  The  name  of  the  admiral  of  the 
Baltic  fleet  is  generally  erroneously  trans- 
literated Rozhdestvensky,  the  easy  inference 
being  that  it  is  an  adjective  from  ro:Jideslvo, 
Christmas.  As  I  recently  corrected  a  Russian, 
the  name  is  really  Rozhestvensky,  arid  perhaps 
comes  from  rozh,  barley,  or  rozha,  a  face. 
Bezobrasov  (bez,  without ;  obraz,  form)  is  an 
unpromising  name,  signifying  ugly  or  uncul- 
tured. Sakharov  is  evidently  from  sakhar, 
sugar,  a  familiar  Indo  -  European  word . 
Niebogatov  is  from  we,  not ;  bogati^  rich. 
General  Linievitch  is,  I  believe,  of  Polish 
origin,  and  his  name  may  have  come  from 
len,  flax,  though  at  first  glance  it  resembles 


io"' s.  in.  APRIL  8,1905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


267 


linia,  a  line.  The  Ober-Procuror  of  the  Holy 
Synod,  Mr.  Pobiedonostsev,  bears  a  name 
worthy  of  a  Crusader  (jKtbieda,  victory ;  nosets, 
bearer).  Drahomirov  would  be  "  dear  to  the 
world  "  (draho  for  doroyo,  dear ;  mn\  world). 
It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  state  that  many 
of  Russia's  ablest  men  are  of  foreign  ex- 
traction, near  or  remote,  a  fact  in  the  history 
of  our  own  and  other  countries.  Such  names 
as  Witte,  Gripenberg,  Rennenkampf,  and 
Bilderling  proclaim  their  Teutonic  origin. 

FRANCIS  P.  MARCHANT. 
Streatham  Common. 

COLOSSEUM  v.  COLISEUM. — As  this  word  is 
constantly  coming  before  the  public  with 
reference  to  a  noted  place  of  amusement,  the 
following  extract  from  Merivale's  'History 
of  Rome  under  the  Empire '  may  prove  illus- 
trative of  the  correct  orthography.  The  date 
seemingly  is  A.D.  79  : — 

"The  name  of  Colosseum,  popularly  attached  to 
it,  and  improperly  written  Coliseum,  first  occurs 
in  the  works  of  our  countryman  Bede  in  the  seventh 
century.  Its  origin  is  not  accurately  known,  and 
is  referred  by  some  to  the  gigantic  size  of  the  build- 
ing, by  others,  with  more  probability,  to  the  colossus 
of  Nero,  which  was  planted  before  its  entrance. 
The  name  of  Flavian  was  dropped  perhaps  on  the 
fall  of  the  dynasty  by  which  it  was  raised,  and  the 
late  designation  may  have  come  into  use  as  early 
as  the  age  of  the  Antonines."— Chap.  Ix. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

THE  LEI^ARRAGAN  VERB.  —  The  Royal 
Academy  of  Sciences  of  Holland  was  good 
enough  to  publish  last  August  at  Amsterdam 
that  part  of  my  'Analytical  and  Quotational 
Synopsis  of  the  Verb  used  in  Leicarraga's 
New  Testament  of  1571,  in  French  Jfleuscara,' 
which  includes  the  286  forms  occurring  in 
the  Epistles  of  St.  Paul  to  the  Ephesians  and 
the  Thessalonians.  I  am  glad  to  have  this 
opportunity  of  doing  my  duty  by  pointing 
out  two  corrections  to  be  made  on  p.  8,  for 
the  benefit  of  any  reader  who  may  happen 
to  peruse  the  offprint,  viz.,  1.  15,  read  "r.  s.," 
not  "  r.  i.  s." ;  1.  32,  read  "  35,"  not  "  5."  On 
p.  9,  1.  18,  after  "sera"  insert  "  bon."  In 
another  part  of  the  same  immense  work, 
published  in  the  Revue  de  Linguistique, 
tome  xxxi.  (Paris,  1898),  one  must  read  on 
p.  131, 1.  3,  "  lc  pers.,"  not  "  2C  pers. "  ;  tome 
xxxvi.,  p.  323,  1.  17,  in  the  definition  of 
eTzeaquiagu,  read  "  pi.  lc,"  not  "  s.  le."  To  any 
one  acquainted  with  Baskish  the  quotations 
will  have  sufficed  already  to  show  that  a 
misprint  escaped  my  attention  in  the  defini- 
tions which  are  hereby  rectified.  The  afore- 
said offprint  may  be  had  from  Messrs.  Parker 
&  Son,  27,  Broad  Street,  Oxford. 

E.  S.  DODGSON. 


SIR  THOMAS  BROWNE'S  EPITAPH.  (See 
ante,  p.  149.)— In  the  '  Posthumous  Works  of 
Sir  Thomas  Browne,'  edited  by  Owen  Brig- 
stocke,  M.P.,  and  published  in  1712,  there  is 
a  transcript  of  the  epitaph  upon  Sir  Thomas 
Browne's  monument  in  St.  Peter's,  Mancroft, 
Norwich  ;  and  in  his  Life,  by  Simon  Wilkin 
(183G),  are  descriptions  of  the  epitaphs  of  Sir 
Thomas  Browne  (ob.  1682);  his  widow,  Dame 
Dorothy  Browne  (ob.  1685) ;  their  son,  Dr. 
Edward  Browne  (ob.  1708)  ;  and  their  grand- 
son, Dr.  Thomas  Browne  (ob.  1710). 

In  an  Appendix  to  'Religio  Medici' 
("Golden  Treasury"  Series,  1892)  is  an  ex- 
planation of  the  quaint  inscription  found  in 
1840  upon  Sir  Thomas  Browne's  coffin-lid, 
which  is  now  to  be  seen,  with  his  portrait,  in 
the  vestry  of  St.  Peter's,  Mancroft,  and  which 
reads  as  follows  : — 

Amplissimus  Vir 

Dns  Thomas  Browne  Miles,  Medicinse 

DC  Annos  Nat  us  77    Denatus  19  Die 

mensis  Octobris,  Anno  Dni  1682,  hoc 

loculo  indormiens,  Corporis  Spagy- 

rici  pulvere,  plumbum  in  aurum 

Convertit. 

I  may  add  that  it  is  proposed  to  erect 
a  bronze  statue  of  Sir  Thomas  Browne  at 
Norwich,  for  which  a  subscription  list  is 
open.  G.  R.  BRIGSTOCKE. 

Ryde,  I.W. 

HENRY  BALLOWE.— This  learned  gentle- 
man, who  taught  Dr.  Johnson  a  good  deal  of 
law,  is  the  subject  of  a  painstaking  article  in 
the  '  Diet.  Nat.  Biog.'  His  will  is  as  follows  : 

"July  the  4,  1782.  This  is  my  last  Will  and 
Testament.  I  give  to  my  Lord  Camden  all  my 
Books  and  Manuscripts  ;  to  my  servant  Bakky, 
seperate  from  her  husband,  400?. :  to  my  servant 
Molly,  200/.  ;  to  Mrs.  Watson,  10W.  All  the  rest 
and  residue  of  my  estate  I  give  to  Mr.  R[ichard] 
Stevenson,  and  make  my  L'1  Camden  and  him  my 
executors.  I  give  to  Mr.  Graves  20£  for  opening 
my  body." 

As  he  was  a  great  lawyer,  he,  of  course, 
forgot  to  sign  his  will  or  to  have  it  wit- 
nessed, so  two  married  ladies  had  to  be 
called  to  identify  the  handwriting.  They 
bore  the  curious  names  of  Greenback 
Gemisson  and  Cassandra  Sinnett.  The  will 
is  in  P.C.C.  340,  Gostling.  In  his  note  in 
Boswell's  '  Life  of  Johnson '  Malone  wrongly 
calls  him  "  Thomas  Ballow." 

GORDON  GOODWIN. 

PILLION.— Probably  few  people  can  now 
remember  the  use  of  the  pillion.  G.  W.,  an 
old  man  of  eighty-nine,  told  me  recently  that 
when  he  was  a  lad,  and  lived  at  Southorpe, 
near  Northorpe,  in  North  Lincolnshire,  the 
women  were  still  accustomed  "to  ride  pillion" 
when  they  went  to  Kirton-in-Lindsey.  G.  W. 


268 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,     [lo*  s.  in.  APRIL  s,  19Q& 


recollects  threshing-flails  being  commonly 
used  when  he  was  a  grown  man,  "because, 
you  see,  there  were  onlya  fewhorse-machines, 
and  steam  threshing-machines  had  not  corned 
up  "  (i.e.,  been  introduced  to  the  agricultural 
world  of  Lincolnshire).  M.  P. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  sent  to  them 
direct.  

INSCRIPTION  ON  TOMB  OP  CONSTANTINE 
THE  GREAT.— Dr.  Walsh,  'Narrative  of  a 
Journey  from  Constantinople,'  1828,  gives  in 
Appendix  iv., a  propos  to  nothing  in  the  text, 
an  inscription  in  the  Church  of  the  Apostles 
at  Constantinople,  which  he  says  Gennadios, 
first  Patriarch  under  Muhammad  II.,  deci- 
phered by  supplying  vowels  to  Greek  letter- 
ing. It  is  briefly  as  follows  : — 

"On  1st  Indict  the  Kingdom  of  Ishmael  he  who 
is  called  Muhammad  shall  overturn  the  race  of 
Palseologi  and  take  the  seven-hilled  (city)  and  reign 
there,  subdue  many  nations,  desolate  islands  as 
far  as  Euxine  Sea.  On  8th  Indict  he  shall  subdue 
Peloponnesus  ;  on  9th  Indict  lead  forces  against 
countries  of  North ;  on  10th  overthrow  the  Dal- 
matiee ;  again  he  shall  turn  back  for  a  time  :  he 
stirs  up  mighty  war  against  Dalmatians,  and  is 
somewhat  broken,  and  the  peoples  and  tribes,  with 
assistance  of  western  nations,  shall  engage  in  war 
by  sea  and  land  and  overthrow  Ishmael.  His 
descendants  shall  reign  with  less,  little,  very  little 
(power).  But  the  yellow-haired  race  together  with 
all  their  coadjutors  shall  overthrow  Ishmael  and 
shall  take  the  seven-hilled  (city).  Then  shall  they 
kindle  a  fierce  intestine  war  till  5th  hour,  and 
thrice  shall  a  voice  shout  '  Stand  !  Stand  ! '  and 
fear  (to  proceed)  make  anxious  haste,  and  on  your 
right  hand  you  will  find  a  man,  noble,  admirable, 
courageous,  him  shall  ye  have  for  your  Lord,  for 
he  is  my  friend.  In  accepting  him  my  will*  is 
fulfilled/' 

The  Marquis  of  Huntly  copies  it,  accepting 
this.  Manifestly  it  is  a  much  later  fabrica- 
tion. In  all  my  reading  of  Byzantine  authors 
I  never  came  across  it,  and  just  now  neither 
Dukas  nor  Phrantzes  is  within  reach,  and  no 
life  of  Constantino  refers  to  it.  Is  anything 
known  about  it  1  Was  it  on  the  tomb  in  1827 
when  Walsh  was  at  Constantinople?  In  the 
body  of  his  book  he  mentions  such  prophecies, 
and  one  specially  on  a  column  in  the  Forum, 
but  does  not  allude  to  this,  which  is  added 
in  an  appendix.  The  British  Museum  authori- 
ties know  nothing  of  it.  But  some  one  who 
has  lived  in  Constantinople  may  know  if  it 
exists,  and  its  probable  date  of  concoction. 
W.  GATTELL,  Deputy-Surgeon-Qeneral. 

*  Peter  the  Great  ? 


SATAN'S  AUTOGRAPH.— Among  the  plates 
published  as  a  supplement  to  Collin  de 
Plancy's  '  Dictionnaire  Infernal,'  Paris,  1826, 
there  is  a  facsimile  of  the  pact  made  by  Satan 
and  other  evil  angels  with  the  notorious 
Urbain  Grandier,  who  was  burned  as  a 
sorcerer  in  1634.  The  original  is  said  to  have 
been  preserved  in  the  archives  of  Poitiers. 
It  bears  the  signature  Satanas,  in  fair  and 
legible  script.  Can  any  reader  inform  me  if 
this  is  unique  ?  or  are  there  other  specimens 
extant  of  Satan's  handwriting1? 

JAMES  PLATT,  Jun. 

DATE  OF  THE  CREATION..— I  am  anxious  to 
find  the  statement  that  I  once  read,  that  the 
creation  of  the  world  took  place  on  Saturday, 

the of ,  B.C.  4004.    Can  one  of  your 

readers  help  me  with  chapter  and  verse  ? 

Q.  V. 

TIGERNACUS.— Is  there  an  Irish  MS.  of 
the  above  title?  I  think  it  may  be  spelt 
erroneously.  It  is  mentioned  with  the  well- 
known  'Annals  of  Ulster'  in  Mant's  'Hist. 
Ch.  of  Ireland,'  1840. 

CHARLES  S.  KING,  Bt. 

St.  Leonards-on-Sea. 

Du  BARRI.— Is  this  the  correct  method  of 
spelling  the  name  of  the  mistress  of  Louis  XV.? 
Thackeray,  in  'Vanity  Fair,'  uses  this  form, 
though  it  seems  to  be  more  usually  spelt 
Du  Barry.  LANCE.  H.  HUGHES. 

[No.] 

1  MY  COUSIN'S  TALE  OF  A  COCK  AND  A 
BULL.' — Who  was  the  author  of  a  miscella- 
neous assortment  of  tales  in  prose  and  verse, 
printed  probably  in  the  eighteenth  century, 
of  which  one  was  entitled  '  My  Cousin's  Tale 
of  a  Cock  and  a  Bull '  ?  Is  this  the  origin  of 
the  expression  "  a  cock-and-bull  story  "  ? 

F.  A.  EDWARDS. 

[The  answer  to  the  second  question  is,  No.  The 
'N.E.D.,'  ,svi'.  'Cock-and-bull,'  has  several  seven- 
teenth-century quotations.  See  DR.  MURRAY'S 
query  on  the  subject,  7th  S.  viii.  447  ;  and  the  replies, 
ix.  270,  452,  494.] 

PRIVILEGE  AND  SACRILEGE.  —  How  is  it 
that  these  words  are  used,  as  they  apparently 
are  used,  so  differently  ?  Why  do  we  speak 
of  an  abuse  of  privilege  and  not  abuse  of  sacri- 
lege ?  How  is  it  that  sacrilege  itself  means 
abuse  of  something  ? 

The  answer  is  that  though  legium  in  each 
case  is  derived  ultimately  from  the  same 
Lat.  stem  leg-,  yet  is  from  two  different 
forms  of  its  use.  In  privilegium  we  have 
the  stem  of  lex,  a  law,  while  in  sacrileyiwn 
we  have  the  stem  of  legere,  to  ^«'c&  «/>._  So 
Jiat  a  sacrilege  is  correctly  used  to  indicate 


.  in.  APRIL  s,  iocs.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


269 


a  taking  of  what  is  sacred  ;  privilege  to  in- 
dicate a  private  law  or  right. 

Will  some  reader  correct  any  mistake  in 
this  explanation  1  S.  T.  AND  C.  C. 

City  of  London  College. 

AUTHOR  OF  QUOTATION  WANTED. — I  should 
be  glad  if  some  reader  could  inform  me,  direct 
and  at  once,  who  wrote  the  following,  and 
refer  me  to  the  work  in  which  it  occurs  : — 

"As  she  sat  that  evening  in  her  chamber,  leaning 
her  pretty  head  on  her  hands,  there  came  a  tap,  tap 
on  the  silvery  pane,  that  brought  a  smile  to  her 
lips." 

C.  LONGLEY  JENKINS. 

14,  Argyle  Road,  West  Baling. 

BISHOP  RICHARD  Cox,  1500-81.— On  what 
authority  is  it  generally  stated  that  Bishop 
Cox  came  from  Whaddon,  in  Buckingham- 
shire ?  A  family  who  claim  descent  from 
him  came  from  Wiltshire,  where  there  is  also 
a  Whaddon.  Was  it  his  daughter  Rachel  (?) 
who  married  Thomas  Bentham,  Bishop  of 
Lichfield  ?  Is  anything  known  of  his  son 
John  and  where  he  settled  ?  E.  G.  C. 

[The  '  D.N.B.'  states  that  Cox  was  born  at 
Whaddon,  in  Buckinghamshire,  and  that  he  re- 
ceived part  of  his  education  at  the  Benedictine 
priory  of  St.  Leonard  Snelshall,  which  is  in  the 
parish  of  Whaddon.  The  only  daughters  named  in 
the  'D.N.B.'  are  Joanna,  widow  of  John,  eldest 
son  of  Archbishop  Parker  ;  and  Rhpda.  The  wife 
of  Bishop  Beutham  is  called  Matilda  in  the  '  D.N.B.,' 
but  her  surname  is  not  mentioned.] 

CURETON'S  MULTANIS.—  Brigadier-General 
Charles  Cureton,  after  a  brilliant  military 
career,  fell  in  a  skirmish  at  Ramnagar,  which 
preceded  the  great  battle  of  Chilianwallah  in 
1849,  and  some  eighty  or  ninety  of  his  soldiers 
fell  with  him.  When  galloping  down  to 
extricate  his  cavalry  from  a  defile,  he  was 
shot  through  the  heart.  What  is  the  mean- 
ing of  "  Cureton 's  Multanis"  in  the  sub- 
joined cutting  from  The  Standard  of  18  Feb- 
ruary] He  seems  to  have  given  his  name  to 
a  regiment : — 

"  India  Office,  Feb.  17  [1905]. -R.  B.  B.  Howe, 
83rd  Wallajahbad  Light  Infantry ;  and  A.  C.  H. 
Smithett,  15th  Lancers  (Cureton's  Multanis),  to  be 
Majors." 

There  is  a  memorial  of  Cureton  in  St.  Mary's 
Church,  Shrewsbury. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 
Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

CROKER'S  PANTOMIMES.  —  Will  some  kind 
reader  give  a  list  of  the  pantomimes  written 
by  Thos.  Crofton  Croker?  The  ordinary 
bibliographies  do  not  print  them.  I  have  a 
copy  of  his  "  Harlequin  and  the  Eagle  ;  or, 
the  Man  in  the  Moon  and  iiis  Wife.  As 


acted  in  the  Adelphi  Theatre,  Christmas, 
1826."  In  his  fine  bold  autograph  I  find  on 
title  "  By  Thos.  Crofton  Croker,"  in  the  proper 
place  for  republication.  I  believe  all  his 
anonymous  writings  were  collected  in  his 
library,  and  so  marked,  perhaps  with  a  view 
to  reprinting  in  his  "  works."  JAS.  HAYES. 
Ennis. 

WESLEY  AND  THE  WIG.— Can  any  of  the 
contributors  to  '  N.  &,  Q.'  kindly  tell  nae  if 
the  Rev.  John  Wesley  wore  a  wig  ? 

WILLIAM  ANDREWS. 

Hull  Royal  Institution. 

SHORTER  :  WALPOLE.  —  Can  any  of  your 
readers  tell  me  the  Christian  name  and  exact 
relationship  to  Lady  Walpole  of  the  person 
mentioned  in  the  following  entry  among  the 
deaths  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for  1734  ? 
"Dy'd  Oct.  19.  —  Shorter,  Esq.,  a  near 
relative  of  Sir  Robert  Walpole's  Lady." 

LEOPOLD  A.  VIDLER. 

The  Stone  House,  Rye. 

GROVES  FAMILY.— I  should  be  grateful  for 
any  particulars  of  my  great-uncle,  (?)  Groves, 
who  was  a  friend  of  Count  d'Orsay,  and  of 
the  Emperor  of  the  French  (presumably 
Napoleon  III.),  under  whom  he  lived  in  Paris. 
My  grandfather,  Thomas  Groves,  brother  of 
the  above,  was  born  in  1791-2,  his  father 
oeing  Paul  Groves,  who  was,  I  believe,  a 
London  banker.  Any  information  relating 
to  any  of  these,  or  to  other  members  of  the 
family,  will  be  gratefully  acknowledged. 

ARTHUR  GROVES. 
91,  Friern  Barnet  Road,  Friern  Barnet,  N. 

HOLBORN     AND    BLOOMSBURY.-— Will     Some 

correspondent  kindly  furnish  me  with  infor- 
mation, or  refer  me  to  good  authorities,  con- 
cerning the  original  owners,  their  successors, 
and  the  dimensions  of  the  manors  of  Holborn, 
Bloomsbury  (Bleinundsbury),  St.  Giles,  and 
Portpoole  (Gray's  Inn)?  I  have  consulted 
Domesday  Book,  Clinch,  Blott,  Parton,  Dobie, 
Loftie,  and  other  books  on  the  district  and 
London  generally,  and  from  these  I  learn 
that  at  the  time  of  the  Conquest  Hole-burn 
was  Crown  land,  and  Rugmere  (St.  Giles's 
and  Bloomsbury)  a  prebendal  manor  of  St. 
Paul's  ;  also  that  the  manor  of  Holborn  was 
granted  by  John  le  Straunge,  Earl  of  Knokyn, 
to  the  Earl  of  Arundel  and  others  in  1385  ; 
that  at  the  erection  of  St.  Giles's  Leper 
Hospital  a  manor  of  St.  Giles  was  probably 
formed  out  of  Rugmere  ;  that  William  de 
Bleraund,  or  De  Bleomont,  or  Beaumunde, 
made  Blemund's  Ditch  in  the  reign  of  King 
John,  and  was  lord  of  the  manor  of  Blemunds- 
bury  ;  also  that  Portpoole  was  an  ancient 


270 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io*s.m.  APRIL  8,1005. 


manor  of  the  canons  of  Sb.  Paul's,  and 
became  property  of  the  Greys  of  Wilton  in 
or  about  1294  ;  that  Holborn  was  also  a  pre- 
bendal  manor  of  St.  Paul's,  and  that  Holborn 
(or  Old  bourne)  Manor  House  stood  in  Shoe 
Lane  (owner  and  date  of  erection  not  given). 
But  in  most  cases  I  have  been  unable  to 
confirm  these  statements.  Blott,  in  his 
1  Chronicle  of  Blemundsbury,'  says  that  Roger 
de  Bellus-Mont  or  Bellomonte,  alias  Blemonte, 
Blemund,  was  one  of  the  Conqueror's  favour- 
ites, and  was  first  Earl  of  Leicester,  but  was 
better  known  as  Earl  of  Mellent.  He  entered 
into  possession  of  the  Royal  Manor  of  Hol- 
born, which  afterwards  bore  the  family  name 
of  Blemundsbury,  and  of  which  he  was  first 
lord.  I  shall  be  obliged  if  some  one  will 
kindly  tell  me  how  I  can  prove  these  state- 
ments without  wading  through  countless 
ancient  volumes.  O.  S.  P. 

[Much  information  about  the  early  history  of 
Holborn  will  be  found  at  8th  S.  ix.  185,  289,  369, 
437  ;  x.  15;  xii.  310  :  9th  S.  i.  48  ;  10th  S.  ii.  308,  392, 
457,493;  iii.  56,  234.] 

LANGLEY  MEYNELL  :  SIR  ROBERT  FRANCIS. 
—In  an  account  given  in  Collins's  '  Peerage ' 
(edited  by  Sir  Egerton  Brydges,  vol.  ii.,  pub. 
1812)  of  the  Newcastle  family,  it  is  said 
that  Sir  Thomas  Clinton,  who  is  believed 
to  have  lost  his  life  in  an  expedition  under 
John  of  Gaunt  against  the  Spaniards  about 
1386, 

"left  by  his  wife  Joan,  daughter  and  coheir  of  Sir 
Hugh  Meynell,  of  Langley  Meynell,  in  Derbyshire, 
only  a  daughter,  his  heir,  named  Anne,  marriec 
to  Sir  Robert  Francis,  of  Formark,  in  com.  Derb., 
whence  is  descended  the  present  Sir  Francis 
Burdett,  Bart." 

Can  any  of  your  readers  inform  me  where 
this  Langley  Meynell  is  to  be  found  in 
Derbyshire?  Is  it  the  place  now  callec 
Langley  Mill  1 

I  should  be  glad  also  to  have  any  par 
ticulars  respecting  the  family  of  Sir  Rouer 
Francis,  of  Formark,  or  his  descendants. 

JOSEPH  RODGERS. 

12,  St.  Hilda's,  Whitby. 

ROWSE  OR  Rons  OF  CRANSFORD,  WES' 
SUFFOLK. — I  shall  be  glad  to  know  if  thi 
branch  of  the  family  of  Rous  is  still  repre 
sented  in  the  direct  male  line.  I  have  fu! 
particulars  of  the  other  branches,  but  th 
pedigrees  of  this  branch  given  in  the  prints 
books  abruptly  terminate  about  thesixteent 
or  seventeenth  century.  E.  S.  R. 

HOUSE  OF  ANJOU.— Can  any  one  kindl 
tell  me  where  to  find  a  trustworthy  an 
concise  genealogical  table  of  the  House  o 
Anjou?  R.  c.  W. 


THOMAS    COOPER. 

(10th  S.  iii.  229.) 

IN  the  first  number  of  The  Northern  Tribune 
^ewcastle-upon-Tyne,  January,  1854),  edited 
y  Mr.  Joseph  Cowen,  jun.,  afterwards  pro- 
>rietor  of  The  Newcastle  Daily  Chronicle  and 
I. P.  for  the  city,  is  a  review  of  'Alderman 
lalph  ;  or,  the  History  of  the  Borough  and 
Corporation  of  the  Borough  of  Willowacre,' 
>y  Adam  Hornbook  (London,  Routledge  & 
}o.,  1853).    It  was  an  open  secret  at  the  time 
hat  the  author  was  Thomas  Cooper,  who 
was  a  contributor  to    the    magazine,   with 
leorge  Jacob  Holyoake,  Goodwyn  Barmby, 
'axton    Hood,  Spencer  T.   Hall,  "January 
Searle,"  W.  J.  Linton    the  engraver  (from 
vhose    private    press    at    Braritwood    the 
magazine  was    issued),  and    other    kindred 
spirits.     But  I  do  not  think  that  the  author- 
ship was  publicly  avowed  till,  in  1872,  Cooper 
published  his  autobiography.     On  pp.  334-6 
)f  that  book  he  describes  the  completion  of 
Alderman  Ralph'  early  in  the  morning  of 
;he  day  of  the  Duke  of  Wellington's  funeral. 
3e  had  tried  his  hand  at  a  novel  before, 
which  Chapman  &  Hall  rejected  ;  then 
'  I  threw  aside  the  rejected  manuscript  and  com- 
menced an  entirely  new  story,  which   I  finished 
on  the  morning  of  the  Great  Duke's  funeral,  and 
entitled  'Alderman  Ralph.'  I  took  this  manuscript 
to  Mr.  Edward  Chapman  and  asked  him  whether 
be  would  look  it  over  and  tell  me  whether  he  would 
publish  it.    He  consented  to  receive  it  for  c-o-n- 
3-i-d-e-r-a-t-i-o-n.  It  was  rejected,  of  course.  I  quite 

expected  that My  novel  was  put  into  the  hands 

of  Messrs.  Routledge,  and  they  received  it   and 
published  it  in  1853." 

Cooper  was  paid  100£.  for  this  novel,  and 
the  same  sum  for  another,  '  The  Family 
Feud ' ;  with  these  two  his  excursions  into 
novel-writing  ended.  RICHARD  WELFORD. 

Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 

The  novel  'Alderman  Ralph'  was  written 
by  Thomas  Cooper,  the  Chartist,  at  the 
suggestion  of  Mr.  Edward  Chapman,  of  the 
firm  of  Chapman  &  Hall,  and  was  published 
in  1853  by  Routledge.  See  Cooper's  '  Auto- 
biography,' p.  334.  The  full  title  of  the  book 
is  an  elaborate  one,  and  the  work  is  described 
as  "  By  Adam  Hornbook,  Student  by  his  own 
Fireside  and  among  his  Neighbours  when  he 
can  secure  the  Arm-Chair  in  the  Corner." 
The  book  is  not  mentioned  in  the  '  D.N.B.' 
list  of  Cooper's  works.  JOHN  OXBERRY. 

Gateshead-on-Tyne. 

The  book  named  and  another,  '  The  Family 
Feud,'  by  the  author  of  'Alderman  Ralph,' 
1855,  have  been  commonly  attributed  to 


ws.  in.  APRIL  s,  1905.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


271 


him  for  many  years,  and  are  so  in  the  B.M. 
Catalogue.  RALPH  THOMAS. 

[Replies  also  from  MR.  J.  T.  PAGE  and  MR.  J. 
RADCLIFFE.] 

"AN     OLD      WOMAN      WENT      TO     MARKET" 

(10th  S.  ii.  502  ;  iii.  10,  74).— Reference  is  made 
(p.  10)  to  J.  O.  Halliwell's  'Nursery  Rhymes 
and  Tales  of  England.'  This  is,  I  suppose, 
an  enlarged  edition  of  '  The  Nursery  Rhymes 
of  England,  collected  chiefly  from  Oral  Tradi- 
tion,' edited  by  James  Orchard  Halliwell, 
third  edition,  1844,  which  contains  (p.  178) 

A  kid,  a  kid,  my  father  bought 

For  two  pieces  of  money  : 
A  kid,  a  kid. 

An  editorial  note  at  the  beginning  says  : — 

"  The  original  of  '  The  house  that  Jack  built '  is 
presumed  to  be  a  hymn  in  Sepher  Haggadah, 
fol.  23,  a  translation  of  which  is  here  given.  The 
historical  interpretation  was  first  given  by  P.  N. 
Leberecht  at  Leipsic,  in  1731,  and  is  printed  in  The 
Christian  Reformer,  vol.  xvii.  p.  28.  The  original 
is  in  the  Chaldee  language,  and  it  may  be  men- 
tioned that  a  very  fine  Hebrew  manuscript  of  the 
fable,  witli  illuminations,  is  in  the  possession  of 
George  Offor,  Esq.,  of  Hackney." 

As  the  interpretation  given  at  the  end 
differs  considerably  from  that  in  MR.  CHR. 
WATSON'S  note  (ii.  503),  it  would  be  well  to 
give  it  a  place  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  The  numbers 
refer  to  the  stanzas  : — 

"The  following  is  the  interpretation  : — 

"  1.  The  kid,  which  was  one  of  the  pure  animals, 
denotes  the  Hebrews. 

"The  father,  by  whom  it  was  purchased,  is 
Jehovah,  who  represents  himself  as  sustaining  this 
relation  to  the  Hebrew  nation.  The  two  pieces  of 
money  signify  Moses  and  Aaron,  through  whose 
mediation  the  Hebrews  were  brought  out  of  Egypt. 

"  2.  The  cat  denotes  the  Assyrians,  by  whom  the 
ten  tribes  were  carried  into  captivity. 

"3.  The  dog  is  symbolical  of  the  Babylonians. 

"4.  The  staff  signifies  the  Persians. 

"5.  The  fire  indicates  the  Grecian  empire  under 
Alexander  the  Great. 

"6.  The  water  betokens  the  Roman,  or  the 
fourth  of  the  great  monarchies  to  whose  dominion 
the  Jews  were  subjected. 

"  7.  The  ox  is  a  symbol  of  the  Saracens,  who 
subdued  Palestine  and  brought  it  under  the 
Caliphate. 

"8.  The  butcher  that  killed  the  ox  denotes  the 
Crusaders,  by  whom  the  Holy  Land  was  wrested 
out  the  hands  of  the  Saracens. 

"9.  The  angel  of  death  signifies  the  Turkish 
power,  by  which  the  land  of  Palestine  was  taken 
from  the  Franks,  and  to  which  it  is  still  subject. 

"10.  The  commencement  of  the  tenth  stanza  is 
designed  to  show  that  God  will  take  signal  ven- 
geance on  the  Turks,  immediately  after  whose 
overthrow  the  Jews  are  to  be  restored  to  their  own 
land,  and  live  under  the  government  of  their  long- 
expected  Messiah." 

The  translation,  the  editorial  note,  and 
the  interpretation  (presumably  that  of 


Leberecht)  which  are  given  by  Halliwell,  are 
reproduced  in  'Nursery  Rhymes,  Tales,  and 
Jingles,'  the  Camden  edition,  compiled  by 
Mrs.  Valentine  (Warne  &  Co.)>  not  dated, 
probably  about  1890.  The  reproduction  is 
exact,  except  that  in  the  note  "Sepher" 
becomes  "  Seper,"  and  "  Offor  "  becomes 
"  Offer." 

I  may  point  out  that  unless  there  are 
differences  in  the  notes  contained  in  the 
various  editions  of  Halliwell's  collection  he 
does  not,  as  inferred  in  YGREC'S  reply  (ante, 
p.  11),  direct  attention  to  the  likeness  between 
"A  kid,  a  kid,  my  father  bought,'3  and  "An 
old  woman  went  to  market,"  but  gives  the 
former  as  the  original  of  "The  house  that 
Jack  built." 

Immediately  following  "A  kid,  a  kid," 
ifcc.,  and  the  interpretation  comes  the  prose 
(or  part  prose,  part  verse)  story,  which 
begins  :— 

"An  old  woman  was  sweeping  her  house,  and  she 
found  a  little  crooked  sixpence.  '  What,'  said  she, 
'shall  1  do  with  this  little  sixpence?  I  will  go  to 
market  and  buy  a  little  pig.'  As  she  was  coming 
home,  she  came  to  a  stile  ;  the  piggy  would  not  go 
over  the  stile." 

There  is  no  mention  of  the  "goodman's 
supper,"  which  appears  in  MR.  WATSON'S  note. 
The  story  as  given  by  him  does  not  go  so 
far  as  it  might.  The  old  woman  has  to  get 
the  milk — 

"  So  away  she  went  to  the  cow.  But  the  cow 
said  to  her,  '  If  you  will  go  to  yonder  haystack,  and 
fetch  me  a  handful  of  hay,  I'll  give  you  the  milk.' 
So  away  went  the  old  woman  to  the  haystack,  and 
she  brought  the  hay  to  the  cow." 

A  foot-note  to  the  first  "  haystack "  says, 
"or  haymakers,"  proceeding  thus  in  the 
stead  of  the  rest  of  the  paragraph  : — 
'"and  fetch  me  a  wisp  of  hay,  I'll  give  you  the 
milk."  So  away  the  old  woman  went,  but  the  hay- 
makers said  to  her,  '  If  you  will  go  to  yonder 
stream,  and  fetch  us  a  bucket  of  water,  we  '11  give 
you  the  hay.'  So  away  the  old  woman  went,  but 
when  she  got  to  the  stream  she  found  the  bucket 
was  full  of  holes.  So  she  covered  the  bottom  with 
pebbles,  and  then  filled  the  bucket  with  water,  and 
away  she  went  back  with  it  to  the  haymakers  ; 
and  they  gave  her  a  wisp  of  hay." 

Then  would  follow,  I  think  (retaining  the 
last  eight  words  of  the  paragraph) : — 

"  And  she  brought  the  hay  to  the  cow.  As  soon 
as  the  cow  had  eaten  the  hay,  she  gave  the  old 
woman  the  milk  ;  and  away  she  went  with  it  in  a 
saucer  to  the  cat. 

"As  soon  as  the  cat  had  lapped  up  the  milk,  the 
cat  began  to  kill  the  rat  ;  the  rat  began  to  gnaw 
the  rope  ;  the  rope  began  to  hang  the  butcher  ;  the 
butcher  began  to  kill  the  ox ;  the  ox  began  to 
drink  the  water ;  the  water  began  to  quench  the 
fire ;  the  fire  began  to  burn  the  stick ;  the  stick 
began  to  beat  the  dog  ;  the  dog  began  to  bite  the 


272 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io*  s.  in.  APRIL  s,  1905. 


pig  ;  the  little  pig  in  a  fright  jumped  over  the 
stile  ;  and  so  the  old  woman  got  home  that  night." 

ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

SCOTCH  WORDS  AND  ENGLISH  COMMENTA- 
TORS (10th  S.  i.  2G1,  321,  375,  456 ;  ii.  75,  198). 
— In  The  Academy  of  11  March,  p.  235,  a 
writer  on  'Hereditary  Royal  Nurses'  ex- 
pounds thus  with  reference  to  the  youthful 
James  V.  : — 

"  One  of  the  boy's  tutors  was  '  Sir  David  Lind- 
say of  the  Mount,  Lord  Lyon  King  at  Arms,'  and 
to  this  fine  old  courtier  he  would  call,  with  the 
inveterate  love  of  nicknames  and  the  kind  fami- 
liarity of  those  early  times,  'Pa-Da-Lin.1" 

Familiarity,  kind  or  otherwise,  was  un- 
doubtedly a  feature  of  the  proceeding  re- 
ferred to,  but  as  the  exclamation  was  among 
the  prince's  earliest  attempts  at  speaking, 
and  was  the  best  he  could  do  with  the  words 
"Play,  David  Lyndsay,"  it  is  hard  to  see 
why  it  should  suggest  "  the  inveterate  love 
of  nicknames."  This  is  how  the  "fine  old 
courtier "  himself  sets  the  matter  in  '  The 
Complaynt  to  the  King': — 

The  first  sillabis  that  thow  did  mute 

Was  PA,  DA  LYN,  upon  the  lute. 

Than  playit  I  twenty  spryngis,  perqueir, 

Quhilk  wes  gret  piete  for  to  heir. 

At  a  later  stage  of  the  same  article,  in  some 
account  of  the  upbringing  of  James  VI.,  this 
passage  occurs :  — 

"  There  were  also  seven  '  Rokaris,'  some  of  them 
apparently  ladies  of  birth,  for,  beside  the  very 
plebeian  Jeane  Crummy,  there  appears  the  Ladie 
Kyppinross.  '  Rok '  is  an  old  Scots  word  for  spin- 
ning-wheel. The  life  of  women,  great  and  simple, 
in  old  Scotland  must  have  been  largely  bound  up 
with  that  curious  word  '  Rok.' " 

As  with  prophecy  so  with  definition,  it  is 
perilous  to  venture  at  random.  The  "  rok  " 
or  "  rock  "  was  the  distaff,  which  the  house- 
wives carried  with  them  to  social  gatherings, 
thereby  originating  the  name  "  rockin."  Had 
half  a  dozen  gossips  lugged  their  spinning- 
wheels  with  them  to  a  neighbour's  fireside, 
the  scene  Would  undoubtedly  have  been 
animated,  but  it  would  also  have  led  to 
inconvenience  and  disorder.  Burns  in  one 
passage  links  together  "rock  and  reel  and 
spinnin  wheel,"  and  he  makes  the  stalwart 
virago  of  '  The  Weary  Fund  o'  Tow '  break 
the  rock  over  the  posv  or  head  of  her  long- 
suffering  partner  in  life.  To  have  shattered 
the  spinning-wheel  in  the  same  circumstances 
would  have  been  the  picturesque  feat  of  a 
veritable  Amazon.  THOMAS  BAYNE. 

l'FARKERs"(10thS.  iii.  188).— This  is  pro- 
bably a  misprint  for  forkers.  The  'N.E.D.' 
gives  as  the  fifth  meaning  of  the  word  forher : 
"5.  ('In  Suffolk,  an  unpaired  partridge/ F. 


Hall.)  1657,  R.  Ligon,  '  Barbadoes '  (1673),  4, 
They  [?  fly  ing  fish]... fly  e  as  far  as  young 
Partridges,  that  are  forkers."  The  word 
occurs  in  Dryden.  In  'Limberham'  (1678), 
Act  IV.  sc.  i.,  Woodall,  on  entering,  thus 
apostrophizes  the  select  company  consisting 
of  Mrs.  Overdon  and  her  daughter,  Mrs. 
Pad,  Mrs.  Termagant,  and  Mrs.  Hackney  : 
"  Whores  of  all  sorts  ;  Forkers  and  Ruin- 
tail'd  :  Now  come  I  gingling  in  with  my 
Bells,  and  fly  at  the  whole  Covey "  (quoted 
from  the  1735  edition).  Fork-tail  is  a  name 
for  several  kinds  of  birds,  especially  the  kite. 
The  'N.E.D.1  has  a  quotation,  "the  fork'd- 
tail'd  kite,"  from  1691. 

L.  R.  M.  STRACHAN. 
Heidelberg,  Germany. 

HAMLET  WATLING  (10th  S.  ii.  488 ;  iii.  154). 
— Mr.  Watling's  collection  is  in  the  possession 
of  Miss  Nina  Layard,  the  well-known  lady 
antiquary  and  geologist,  who  lives  in  Ipswich. 

DEANE. 

LUTHER  FAMILY  (10th  S.  iii.  27,  176). -In 
challenging  the  "royal  descent"  of  the 
Gordons  MR.  BULLOCH  has  been,  apparently, 
misled  by  the  record  of  an  action,  circa 
1503-6,  between  ''  ane  Richt  Nobile  and 
Michty  lord  Alex.,  Erie  of  Huntlie,  Lord 
Gordon  and  Badenogh,"  and  "ane  Nobile 
and  Michty  lady  Elizabeth,  Countess  of 
Huntlie,  his  modir"  She  could  only  have 
been  his  stepmother,  because  George,  second 
earl,  married  in  1455  Elizabeth  Dunbar, 
Countess  of  Moray,  who  already  had  two 
children  by  her  first  husband,  Archibald 
Douglas.  Huntly  had  no  child  by  this  lady, 
and  after  he  divorced  her  she  married  Sir 
John  Colquhouri,  of  Luss.  Her  heir,  Mal- 
colm Colquhoun,  succeeded  her  in  her  lands. 
Huntly  next  married  the  Princess  Annabella 
Stuart  in  1459,  but  divorced  her  on  24  July, 
1471,  as  they  were  within  the  forbidden 
degrees,  and  on  account  of  the  princess's 
relationship  with  the  Countess  of  Moray. 
On  18  August,  1471,  the  banns  of  marriage 
were  proclaimed,  in  the  parish  church  of 
Fy  vie,  between  George,  Earl  of  Huntly,  and 
Elizabeth  Hay,  of  Errol.  This  marriage  was 
neither  celebrated  nor  consummated  until 
after  12  May,  1476.  On  that  date  Nicol,  Earl 
of  Errol,  the  lady's  brother,  made  the  earl 
swear  on  the  holy  Bible  that  he  would  not 
take  advantage  of  the  lady  until  he  had 
her  to  wife  lawfully  ('Records  of  Aboyne,' 
p.  399).  This  is  the  Elizabeth,  Countess  of 
Huntly,  who  is  called  mother  of  the  third 
earl  in  the  action  alluded  to ;  yet  she  could 
not  be  so,  for  Alexander,  third  Earl  of 
Huntly,  was  contracted  in  marriage  with 


io«- s. in. APRILS, iocs.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


273 


Jean  Stewart,  of  Athol,  before  20  October, 
1474  (ibid.,  p.  18),  two  years  at  least  before 
his  father  married  Elizabeth  Hay. 

D.  M.  R. 

'  INDEX  OF  ARCHAEOLOGICAL  PAPERS  '  (10th  S. 
iii.  186). — The  following  appears  in  a  recent 
second-hand  catalogue  : — "  Index  of  Archaeo- 
logical Papers,  published  in  1894,  '5,  and  '6, 
Report  of  the  Transcription  and  Publication 
of  Parish  Registers,  &c.,  1892-1896,  in  1  vol. 
half  red  morocco,  marbled  edges,  fine  copy, 
5s."  H.  W.  UNDERDOWN. 

BALANCES  OR  SCALES  (10th  S.  iii.  208).— It 
would  be  difficult,  considering  the  very  few 
examples  extant  of  the  ancient  English 
steelyard,  to  assign  to  any  individual  in- 
stance any  particular  date  or  period.  I  per- 
sonally witnessed  the  unearthing  of  what 
was  probably  a  Roman  steelyard — at  least  it 
was  found  in  the  same  level  as  other  Roman 
objects — on  the  occasion  of  the  erection  of 
the  St.  Helen's  Glass  Factory  and  wharf  on 
the  site  of  Baynard's  Castle,  Thames  Street 
(see  Journal  of  Brit.  Archseol.  Assoc.,  Sept., 
1890,  pp.  177-9).  I  was  then  told  by  the 
Superintendent  of  Works,  Mr.  Sutton,  that 
such  an  implement  was  still  in  use  in  Devon- 
shire; and  I  have  since  heard  that  in  Wiltshire 
the  steelyard  is  used  to  this  day  in  the 
weighing  of  hay,  pigs,  &c.  There  is  a  very 
small  example  of  the  "stilyard"  placed, 
rightly  or  wrongly,  among  the  antiquities 
(Case  D)  in  the  Mediaeval  Department  in 
the  British  Museum.  This,  I  think,  is  the 
only  instance  Saxon,  Norman,  or  mediaeval, 
known  to  the  British  Museum  authorities, 
though  in  the  Grseco-Roman  Department,  if 
I  remember  right,  examples  Greek,  Roman, 
Byzantine,  and  Etruscan  may  be  seen.  A 
most  interesting  illustration  not  only  of  the 
mediaeval  steelyard  itself,  but  of  the  manner 
of  using  it,  will  be  found  in  MS.  15,685, 
f.  27  b,  in  the  British  Museum.  This  valuable 
representation  is  circa  1400.  The  presumed 
Anglo  -  Roman  steelyard  above  alluded  to 
must  have  had  a  wooden  beam,  for  there 
were  fragments  of  wood  picked  out  of  the 
socket  at  the  time.  I  have  seen  examples  of 
the  British  steelyard  in  one  of  the  provincial 
museums,  but  forget  which— possibly  Col- 
chester. J.  HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

There  are  scales  in  the  Chaldon  wall-paint- 
ing, reproduced  in  'Surrey  Archfleplogical 
Collections,'  vol.  v.,  where  a  reference  is  given 
to  Journal  of  British  Arch.  Assoc.,  i.  p.  60,  for 
another  example.  C.  JOHNSON. 

"UNDERTAKER"  (10th  S.  iii.  188,  212).— In 
the  specialized  sense  the  word  occurs  in 


No.  289  of  The  Spectator  (31  January,  1712)  by 

Addison  :  "I  have  been  sometimes  taken 

for  a  Parish  Sexton,  sometimes  for  an  Under- 
taker." The  'N.E.D.,'  s.v.  'Funeral,'  quotes 
from  The  London  Gazette,  1707:  "Divers 

Abuses have       been       committed by 

Painters,  Funeral  -  Undertakers."  The 
notorious  letter  descriptive  of  Dryden's 
funeral,  written  by  Mrs.  Thomas  on  15  May, 
1729,  and  published  in  Wilson's  'Life  of 
Congreve,'  1730,  contains  the  word  under- 
taker several  times  (Saintsbury's  edition  of 
Scott's  'Dryden,'  xviii.  213) ;  and  the  special 
meaning  is  duly  noted  in  Johnson's  'Dic- 
tionary,' 1755.  L.  R.  M.  STRACHAN. 
Heidelberg,  Germany. 

It  has  already  been  explained  in  '  N.  &  Q.r 
that  the  origin  of  this  word  could  be  traced 
to  the  fact  that  funerals  of  the  upper  classes- 
were  conducted  by  heralds  on  heraldic  rules. 
These  were  so  expensive,  and  the  fees  so» 
large,  that  a  set  of  undermen  arose,  who  acted 
in  their  stead,  and  called  themselves  under- 
takers of  such  funerals.  The  earliest  use  of 
it  in  this  special  sense  is  by  Edward  Young 
(1683-1765),  who  says  : — 
While  rival  undertakers  hover  round, 
And  with  his  spade  the  sexton  marks  the  ground. 

Goldsmith  in  his  '  Good-Natured  Man,' 
1768,  describes  Croaker  thus  :  "  His  very 
mirth  is  an  antidote  to  all  gaiety,  and  his 
appearance  has  a  stronger  effect  on  my  spirits 
than  an  undertaker's  shop." 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

Undertaker  =  up-liolder  or  ?</>-holsterer  ; 
one  who  ?mc?er-takes  any  matter,  whether  it 
be  to  furnish  a  house  for  one  to  live  in,  or,  as 
in  the  case  of  an  undertaker  or  "funeral 
furnisher,"  to  provide  a  house  for  one  who  is 
dead.  The  term  upholder  or  iiphelder  occurs 
frequently  in  the  Corporation  records  to 
represent  upholsterer. 

REGINALD  R.  SHARPS. 

Town  Clerk's  Office,  Guildhall. 

Allow  me  to  mention  an  early  allusion  to- 
this  office  in  the  '  Epistles '  of  Horace  (lib.  i. 
vii.  5),  showing  its  use  in  the  Augustan  era : — 

Dum  ficus  prim  a  calorque, 
Designatorem  decorat  lictoribus  atria, 
Dum  pueris  omnis  pater,  et  matercula  pallet. 

It  is  addressed  to  Maecenas  in  August 
(Sextilis),  and  to  this  day  Rome  is  pro- 
verbially unhealthy  at  that  season.  The 
meaning  given  is  "undertaker,"  and  probably 
a  full  description  of  the  duties  would  be 
found  in  Smith's  '  Dictionary  of  Greek  and 
Roman  Antiquities.' 
In  'Guy  Mannering,'  in  the  account  of 


274 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [io*  s.  in.  APRIL  s,  IMS. 


Mrs.  Margaret  Bertram's  funeral  at  the  Old 
Greyfriars  in  Edinburgh,  we  read,  the  pro- 
bable date  being  1775  : — 

"Mr.  Mprtcloke,  the  undertaker,  did  accordingly, 
with  a  visage  of  professional  length  and  most 
grievous  solemnity,  distribute  among  the  pall- 
bearers little  cards." — Chap,  xxxvii. 

Again,  in  'The  Antiquary,'  the  date  of 
which  may  be  1793,  in  the  description  of 
denallan  House,  supposed  to  be  Glamis 
Castle,  we  find  : — 

"The  gloomy  gateway was  surmounted  by  a 

huge  scutcheon,  in  M'hich  the  herald  and  under- 
taker had  mingled,  as  usual,  the  emblems  of  human 
|>ride  and  of  human  nothingness." — Chap,  xxvii. 

In  more  modern  times  Dickens  has  given 
-a  graphic  description  in  '  Martin  Chuzzlewit ' 
of  the  expensive  funeral  of  old  Anthony 
Chuzzlewit,  arid  of  the  undertaker  Mr.  Mould 
^ind  his  foreman  Tacker.  In  '  David  Copper- 
tfeld  '  we  are  introduced  to  a  funeral-furnish- 
ing establishment  on  a  large  scale  at  Great 
Yarmouth. 

It  may  perhaps  be  allowable  to  quote  a 
verse  from  an  old  nursery  poem,  '  Old  Mother 
Hubbard  ':- 

She  went  to  the  undertaker's 

To  get  him  a  coffin, 
And  when  she  came  back 

The  dog  was  laughing. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 
Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

It  is  as  I  feared,  and  unless  the  learned 
Prof.  Skeat  will  condescend  to  bestow  five 
minutes  upon  a  humble  admirer,  I  shall  have 
to  wait  until  Dr.  Murray  arrives  at  the  letter 
I  to  ascertain  when  and  how  the  word 
"undertaker"  came  to  be  restricted  to  its 
present  ordinary  meaning,  viz  ,  "a  manager 
of  funerals."  Any  dictionary  will  say  that 
the  word  still  means  "a  projector,"  "a  con- 
tractor"; but  this  is  altogether  beside  the 
question.  O.  p. 

EOCQUE'S  AND  HORWOOD'S  MAPS  OF  LONDON 
<10th  S.  iii.  187).—'  N.  &  Q.»  2'1(l  S.  xi.  contains 
some  'Notes  from  the  Diary  of  William 
Oldys,  Esq.,  Norroy  King-at-Arms.'  Under 
date  3  March,  1737/8,  he  says  (p.  124)  :— 

"  Went  to  Leicester  Square  with  Mr.  Ames,  and 
saw  Mr.  Vertue  there,  and  had  some  discourse 
about  his  grand  design  of  an  Ichnographical  Survey, 
or  Map  of  London  and  all  the  suburbs ;  but  Mr. 
Rocque  and  he  arc  not  yet  come  to  an  agreement." 

Hor wood's  map  of  London  was  issued  in 
1794  in  thirty-two  sheets,  each  20  by  2l£  in., 
making  in  the  whole  a  map  of  13ft.  4  in.  in 
length  by  7  ft.  wide.  An  example  is  in  the 
Crace  Collection,  British  Museum.  I  possess 
a  copy  similar  to  the  above,  dated  24  May 
1799,  dedicated  to  "The  Trustees  and  Direc- 


tors of  the  Phoenix  Fire  Office."  Another 
edition  similar  to  mine  was  published  in 
twenty  folio  sheets  in  1808  ;  a  copy  is  now 
in  the  London  Institution. 

Might  not  the  expenses  of  publication 
have  been  partly  met  by  Vertue  in  one 
case,  and  the  Directors  of  the  Phoenix  Fire 
Office  in  the  other  1 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

FLYING  BRIDGE  (10th  S.  ii.  406,  491 ;  iii.  93). 
— A  ferry  of  the  Pittsburg  kind  described  by 
MR.  DARLINGTON  was  established  on  the 
Neckar  between  the  old  and  new  bridges 
at  Heidelberg  late  in  1904. 

L.  R.  M.  STRACHAN. 

Heidelberg,  Germany. 

SMALL  PARISHES  (10th  S.  iii.  128,  193).— 
There  is  an  error  in  the  statement  regard- 
ing Ludlow  Castle.  It  was  included  in  the 
borough  four  years  ago  ;  and  there  certainly 
has  not  been  any  service  in  the  chapel  for 
over  one  hundred  years — probably  over  one 
hundred  and  fifty  years— at  least  local  his- 
torians do  not  know  of  the  same  having 
taken  place.  HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 

SIR  WALTER  RALEIGH'S  'HISTORIE  OF  THE 
WORLD'  (10tu  S.  iii.  127,  194).— Permit  me  to 
supplement  the  remarks  of  your  corre- 
spondents on  this  subject  by  drawing  their 
attention  to  the  following  abstract  of  a  paper 
entitled  'Raleghana,  Part  VI.,'  printed  in 
the  last  volume  (1904)  of  the  Transactions  of 
the  Devonshire  Association,  pp.  181-218. 
The  various  folio  editions  of  Ralegh's  tnagnum 
opus  are  dated  respectively  1614,  1617  (2), 
1621,  1628,  1634,  1652,  1666,  1671,  1677,  and 
1687,  all  in  one  series ;  and,  in  a  separate 
form,  one  in  1736.  There  were  three  distinct 
issues  of  the  original  one  of  1614.  The  most 
noteworthy  edition  was  the  third — the  second 
published  in  1617— being  the  first  that  pos- 
sessed a  title-page,  as  well  as  a  portrait  of 
the  author  (the  only  one  that  was  engraved 
during  his  lifetime).  Those  of  1677  and  1687 
include  a  life  of  Ralegh  by  J.  Shirley  ;  while 
that  of  1736  contains  one  by  W.  Oldys.  The 
allegorical  frontispiece  in  each  of  the  first  six 
editions  is  dated  1614,  the  actual  year  of 
publication  being  recorded  in  the  colophon  : 
but  after  1634  the  latter  was  omitted,  and 
(except  in  1687)  the  date  was  entered  on  the 
frontispiece.  The  1736  volume  is  stated  on 
the  title-page  to  be  "the  eleventh  edition," 
but  according  to  the  above  list  it  should  be 
termed  the  twelfth.  Possibly  the  one  of  1671 
was  intentionally  excluded,  as  it  was  simply 
a  reissue  of  the  previous  one  of  1666,  with  a 


s.  iii.  APRIL  s,i9G5.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


275 


new  title-page,  and  with  the  dated  frontis 
piece  of  that  year.  Copies  are  occasionally 
met  with  dated  1733,  and  affirmed  to  be  o 
the  seventh  edition ;  but  such  volumes  ar 
•always  imperfect,  being  made  up  of  spar 
sheets  of  the  173G  edition,  without  the  pre 
face,  index,  tables,  tfec.,  the  sole  new  portioi 
feeing  the  falsely  dated  title-page.  I  maj 
mention  that,  according  to  my  experience 
the  original  edition  of  1G14  (first  issue)  anc 
that  of  1617  (the  second  published  in  tha 
year)  are  the  most  rare. 

T.  X.  BRUSIIFIELD,  M.D. 
Salterton,  Devon. 

I  have  a  book  entitled  : — 
"  The  Marrow  |  of  |  History  |  or,  an  |  Epitome  | 
•of  all  Historical  Passages  |  from  the  Creation,   to 
the  end  of  the  last  Macedonian   War.  |  First  sel 
out  at  large  by  |  SIR  WALTER   RAWLEIGH,  |  anc 
now  Abbreviated  by  A.  R.  |  The  Second  Edition. 
Time's  witness,  Herauld  of  Antiquity 
The  Light  of  Truth,  and  Life  of  Memory. 

London, 

Printed  for  John  Place  at  Furnlvals-Inne-Gate,  and 
William  Place,  at  Grayes-Inne-Gate  in  Holburn, 
166:2." 

The  volume,  which  I  bought  years  ago  for 
a,  few  pence,  is  5|  inches  long  by  3j  wide 
(nearly).  In  1707  it  belonged  to  Henry 
Goring,  in  1792  to  Joseph  Chapman,  and  to 
others  at  other  dates,  but  I  cannot  decipher 
the  names.  S.  J.  A.  F. 

LADY  RUSSELL'S  copy  would  appear  to  be 
the  third  (and  not  the  first)  issue,  if  the 
authorship  is  avowed.  The  genuine  first 
edition  of  Raleigh's  '  Historie '  was  printed 
by  William  Jaggard  in  1614  for  Walter  Burre, 
and  published  anonymously.  A  second 
anonymous  issue,  closely  resembling  the 
first  and  put  forth  in  the  same  year,  has  the 
errata  of  the  first  corrected. 

The  third  issue,  also  dated  1614,  is  the  first 
to  announce  the  authorship.  Further  folio 
editions  followed  in  1617,  1621,  and  1634,  in 
addition  to  those  mentioned  by  MR.  RAD- 
CLIFFE  ;  and  a  continuation,  also  in  folio,  was 
written  by  Alexander  Ross  and  published  in 
1652. 

On  22  December,  1614,  a  peremptory  man- 
date, under  instructions  from  King  James  L, 
was  dispatched  by  the  Archbishop  of  Can- 
terbury for  the  immediate  suppression  and 
destruction  of  Raleigh's  'Historie.'  To  judge, 
however,  by  the  number  of  copies  dated  1614 
still  extant,  the  work  had  already  met  with  a 
very  favourable  reception,  and  probably  only 
a  small  portion  was  available  for  public 
burning.  WM.  JAGGARD. 

WILLESDEN:  THE  PLACE-NAME  (10th  S.  iii. 
208),— Before  we  can  tell  the  origin  of  such  a 


place-name,  it  is  necessary  that  all  the  early 
spellings  of  it  should  be  carefully  sought  out, 
with  approximate  dates.  It  is  usually  neces- 
sary that  a  spelling  earlier  than  1200  should 
be  ascertained.  Of  course,  if  all  that  is 
wanted  is  a  useless  guess,  the  absence  of 
evidence  is  desirable.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

In  ancient  times  the  name  of  this  place 
was  spelt  Wullesdon,  Wyllesdon,  Wylesdon, 
&c.,  and  there  can  be  little  doubt  that  the 
final  constituent  of  the  name  was  the  A.-S. 
ddn,  though  now  spelt  as  if  it  were  derived 
from  den  or  denn.  The  first  part  of  the  name 
is  probably  the  prototheme  of  one  of  the 
numerous  personal  names  beginning  with 
Wil-,  such  as  Wilbeald,  Wilbeorht,  Wilfrith, 
&c.  It  is  curious  t»at  the  neighbouring 
hamlet,  which  a  hundred  years  ago  was  spelt 
Harleston,  but  is  now  called  Harlesden,  has 
also  suffered  a  change,  which  was  apparently 
made  with  the  intention  of  bringing  it  into 
harmony  with  Willesden.  In  the  Domesday 
of  St.  Paul's  it  is  spelt  Herulvestone,  i.e., 
Herewulfes-tiin,  and  it  is  a  pity  that  modern 
ignorance  and  love  of  uniformity  should  have 
so  completely  obscured  the  origin  of  the 
name.  W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  NOTES  ON  DICKENS  AND 
THACKERAY  (10th  S.  iii.  22,  73,  131,  151,  196). 
— I  possess  a  copy  of  the  book  of  words  '  The 
Mountain  Sylph,'  as  produced  at  the  English 
3pera-House  (later  the  Lyceum),  26  August, 
1834,  but  no  name  of  the  writer  appears, 
hough  John  Barnett,  as  the  composer  of  the 
music,  is  duly  credited  with  his  share  of  the 
arork.  S.  J.  A.  F. 

SHAKESPEARE'S  PALL-BEARERS  (10th  S.  iii. 
204). — An  illustrated  article  on  this  subject 
>y  Dr.  Moncure  D.  Con  way  appeared  in 
Carper's  Magazine  in  (I  think)  1886.  It  is 
ntitled  '  Hunting  a  Mythical  Pall-bearer.' 

have  a  copy  of  the  article,  but  am  sorr}7  I 
annot  furnish  the  exact  date.  The  pagina- 
ion  is  211-16.  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

WOOLMEN     IN     THE     FIFTEENTH      CENTURY 

10th  S.  ii.  448,  514;  iii.  193).— Perhaps  ME. 
IERIVALE  may  not  know  of  the  '  History  of 
Vool,'  by  John  Smith,  LL.B  ,  which  would, 
think,  give  many  names  of  wool  men  in  the 
ourteenth  and  fifteenth  centuries.  One 
'alph  Kempe,  a  wealthy  wool  merchant  of 
xnidon  and  Bedfont,  made  his  will  on 
2  October,  1477  (P.C.C.,  32  Wattys).  It 
mentions  many  friends,  some  of  whom  were 
)robably  engaged  in  the  same  trade,  and  he 
eft  a  gown  of  his  own  weaving  to  one  John 


276 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io*  s.  m.  APRIL  s,  igos. 


Poynes,  and  a  gown  of  fine  black  cloth  to  his 
cousin  Henry  Bompstead.  John  Burton,  to 
whom  he  was  apprenticed,  was,  I  believe,  a 
wool  merchant,  and  buried  in  St.  Michael's, 
Basinghall  Street,  where  this  testator 
desired  to  be  buried.  After  Ralph  Kempe's 
death  an  interesting  claim  was  made  against 
his  estate  for  that  he  had  sold  as  Cheviot 
wool,  wool  which  was  found  to  be  from 
Buckingham.  Two  entries  concerning  this 
claim  appear  in  the  Calendar  of  Chancery 
Proceedings.  It  is  not  yet  quite  certain  as  to 
his  parentagte,  but  as  he  held  land  at  Har- 
mondsworth  it  is  likely  that  he  was  a  son  of 
Richard  Kempe  of  that  place,  whose  will  was 
proved  in  1436  (Comm.  Court  of  London). 
Simon  Campe  or  Kemp,  of  Bedfont,  Tyborne, 
and  Aldgate,  was  also  engaged  in  the  woollen 
trade,  arid  was  M.P.  for  Middlesex  in  1413. 
He  died  1442,  and  his  will  was  proved  in  two 
courts  (P.C.C.  and  Comm.  of  London).  The 
will  of  his  widow  Margaret  also  is  registered, 
and  mentions  a  kinsman  John  Campe,  junior, 
to  whom  he  left  a  coat  "of  Kendal"  (i.e., 
Kendal  green).  He  was  perhaps  a  kinsman  of 
that  John  Kempe  (the  Flemish  weaver)  who 
under  Ed  ward  III.  brought  over  his  craftsmen 
to  restore  the  woollen  cloth  industry  at  Kendal 
and  elsewhere  in  the  kingdom.  (The  line  of 
Kempe  weavers  existed  at  Kendal  from  about 
1331  to  17G1,  and  continued  in  other  industries 
there  down  to  the  last  decade.)  The 'New 
Index  to  the  Commissary  Court  of  London,' 
which  covers  the  years  from  1374  to  1449,  and 
shows  parishes  and  occupations  of  testators, 
and  the  '  Calendar  of  Wills  proved  in  the 
Court  of  Husting,'  edited  by  Dr.  Sharpe, 
will  afford  information.  (See  also  9th  S.  v. 
288,  3C2,  442.)  FRED.  HITCHIN-KEMP. 

6,  Beechfield  Road,  Catford,  S.E. 

AMERICAN  PLACE-NAMES  (10th  S.  iii.  188).— 
I  do  not  know  the  book  inquired  about,  but 
there  is  a  long  poem  of  a  similar  kind,  from 
the  pen  of  R.  H.  Newell  ("Orpheus  C. 
Kerr"), printed  in  'The  Humour  of  America,' 
edited  by  James  Barr,  1893,  p.  57.  It  is 
called  'The  American  Traveller,'  and  the 
first  verse  is  as  follows  : — 

To  Lake  Aghmoogenegamook, 

All  in  the  State  of  Maine, 
A  man  from  Wittequergaugaum  came 

One  evening  in  the  rain. 

JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

"  VICARIATE  "  (10th  S.  iii.  204).— It  is  quite 
clear  that  the  use  of  this  word  in  the  sense 
reprobated  by  W.  C.  B.  shows  ignorance  of 
its  history.  But  as  "  vicarage  "  has  apparently 
degenerated  to  the  meaning  of  "  vicarage- 
house"  (on  the  analogy  of  "parsonage"), 


would  it  not  be  better  to  revert  to  "  vicary," 
which  I  believe  he  will  find  in  the  '  Paston 
Letters  '  and  elsewhere,  representing  the 
med.  Lat.  vicaria  and  Anglo-French  vicarie 
('Rolls  of  Parliament,'  iv.  3Q5&)1  It  may 
also  be  permitted  to  suggest  a  doubt  whether 
the  phrase  "to  accept  the  episcopate  of 
Hull "  would  be  altogether  beyond  the  pale 
of  civilized  speech.  The  'N.E.D.'  quotes 
three  respectable  nineteenth-century  writers 
(see  'Episcopate,'  sb.  2)  who  use  "episcopate" 
as  equivalent  to  "  bishopric."  Q.  V. 

"Si.  GEORGE  TO  SAVE  A  MAID"  (10th  S. 
iii.  227).  —  These  lines  occur,  with  slight 
variations,  among  the  epigrams  in  '  Wits 
Recreations.'  They  are  to  be  found  on  p.  194 
of  Hotten's  reprint;  but  as  this  unfortunately 
does  not  distinguish  the  contents  of  the 
various  editions,  and  I  have  not  the  originals 
at  hand,  I  am  not  able  to  say  whether  this 
epigram  was  printed  in  1040  or  later.  I  have 
at  odd  times  made  a  number  of  notes  as  to 
the  authorship  of  the  various  pieces  in  '  Wits 
Recreations,'  but  I  have  none  as  to  this. 

G.  THORN-DRURY. 

"BRIGHT  CHANTICLEER  PROCLAIMS  THE 
DAWN  "  (10th  S.  iii.  227).— This  song,  to  Shield's 
music,  appears  under  the  name  of  'Old 
Towler'  in  vol.  ii.  p.  49  of  Hatton's  'Songs  of 
England  '  (Boosey  &  Co.).  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

CHRISTOPHER  SMART  AND  THE  MADHOUSE 
(10th  S.  iii.  221).— In  The  Cambridge  Review 
for  8  June,  1887,  Mr.  Edmund  Gosse,  in  an 
article  on  Christopher  Smart,  gives  the  result 
of  his  searchings  in  the  Treasury  of  Pembroke 
College,  Cambridge.  He  notes,  for  instance, 
the  following  entry,  dated  12  Oct.  1751 : 
"  Ordered  that  Mr.  Smart  being  obliged  to  be 
absent,  there  be  allowed  him  in  lieu  of  commons 
for  the  year  ended  Michaelmas,  1751,  the  sum 
of  Wl."  Similar  entries  occur  in  1749  and 
1752.  Do  not  these  items  throw  light  upon 
ME.  TOVEY'S  questions  ?  H.  P.  STOKES.. 

Cambridge. 

'D.N.B.'  AND  'INDEX  AND  EPITOME  '  (10th  S. 

iii.  205). — MR.  G.  D.  LUMB  is  distinctly  wrong 
in  stating  that  it  is  an  unjust  accusation  to- 
say  that  "  poor  old  Thoresby  "  was  inaccurate, 
unless  he  means  that  Thoresby  was  accurate 
in  his  inaccuracies.  Having  for  a  considerable 
period  been  investigating  several  prominent 
statements  in  the  'Ducatus'  (1715),  I  find, 
on  very  carefully  comparing  them  with  the 
original  records,  that,  mildly  stated,  Thoresby 
is  no  authority  on  facts.  Very  striking  errors 
are  those,  amongst  many  more,  where 
y  has  used  records  of  great  historical 


s.  m.  APRIL  s,  1905.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


277 


events  and  facts,  which  clearly  refer  only  to 
the  Kentish  Leeds  and  its  fine  old  moated 
castle,  for  his  "  wild  creations !)  at  Leeds  in 
Yorkshire.  His  credulity  and  disposition  to 
enhance  the  dignity  of  himself  and  his  native 

a  "ace  evidently  led  to  all  kinds  of  egregious 
unders,  to  be  found  from  preface  to  colo- 
phon of  his  topography  and  museum  cata- 
logue, which  even  Dr.  \Vhi taker  (who  married 
a  Thoresby),  in  his  edition  of  that  work  in 
1816,  tells  us  contains  some  "  trash  "  and  had 
no  right  to  the  high-sounding  title  '  Ducatus 
Leodiensis,'  a  title  which  has  misled  a  vast 
number  of  plagiarists  of  both  the  past  and 
the  present  time. 

The  result  of  my  deep  research — 'The 
History  of  the  Castle,  the  Priory,  and  the 
Dukedom  of  Leeds  '—will  be  published,  and 
is  only  delayed  because  it  is  in  a  larger  form 
than  was  originally  intended. 

JOHN  GATES. 

York  Villa,  58,  Josephine  Avenue,  S.  VY. 

ABBEY  OF  ST.  VAL£RY-SUR-SOMME  (10th  S. 
iii.  168). — A  history  of  Sfe.  Valery-sur-Somme 
has  been  written  by  the  Abbe  Caron,  archi- 
pretre  d'Abbeville,  and  published  by  M.  C. 
Paillard  of  the  last-named  place.  I  am  told 
there  is  a  society  of  historians  at  St.  Valery 
who  will  probably  publish  a  new  history  of 
that  place.  L.  L.  K. 

WINDSOR  CASTLE  SENTRY  (10th  S.  iii.  229). 
— This  subject  has  been  treated  in  1st  S.  i.  198, 
449  ;  2n<1  S.  vi.  490 ;  and  in  2nd  S.  vii.  14  there 
is  an  interesting  explanation  not  only  of  the 
possibility,  but  probability  that  St.  Paul's 
clock  struck  thirteen  when  the  Windsor 
Castle  sentry  was  charged  with  sleeping  at 
his  post.  *  JAMES  WATSON. 

CALEDONIAN  COFFEE-HOUSE  (10th  S.  iii.  189). 
— This  was  on  the  south  side  of  Russell 
Street,  Covent  Garden — near  the  centre.  It 
is  no  longer  a  place  of  refreshment. 

WM.  DOUGLAS. 

125,  Helix  Road,  Brixton  Hill. 

NAMES  OF  LETTERS  (10th  S.  iii.  228).— 
1.  The  names  epsilon,  upsilon,  are  explained 
in  Liddell  and  Scott's  Greek  Dictionary, 
under  the  headings  c  and  v  respectively. 

2.  The  French  y  is  not  the  Greek  t,  but  the 
Greek  v,  for  which  the  Romans  substituted 
the  symbol  y.    That  is,  the  French  y  was  the 
Latin  y ;  and  the  Latin  y  was  not  a  Latin 
letter,  but  a  Greek  one. 

3.  The  origin  of  the  name  of  h  is  explained 
in  the  'N.E.D.,'  under  the  heading  h.    Our 
•aitch  is  from  the  French  ache,  which  (like  the 
Ital.  acca)  represents  a  form  *ahha,  made  by 
prefixing  and  suffixing  a  to  a  strong  aspirate 


like  the  G,  ch.  The  use  of  the  a  is  to  make 
the  sound  more  audible,  just  as  we  prefix  e  to 
/,  and  call  it  e/',  or  suffix  e  to  b,  and  call  it  be. 
4.  The  English  name  wai  represents  a  Mid. 
Eng.  wl,  just  as  wain  represents  M.E.  win. 
And  w~i  is  merely  we,  with  the  u  sounded 
(for  ease)  as  a  consonant.  And  ui  was  a 
thirteenth-century  symbol  for  the  A.-S.  y, 
still  retained  in  E.  build,  from  A.-S.  *byldan 
(from  A.-S.  bold).  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

"The  name  aitch,  which  is  now  so  remote 
from  any  connexion  with  the  sound  of  our 
letter  A,  goes  back  through  M.E.  ache  to  O.F. 
ache=Sp.  ache,  It.  acca,  pointing  to  a  late  L. 
*accAa,  *aMa,  or  *aha,  exemplifying  the 
sound.  (The  earlier  L.  name  was  ha.)"  Cf. 
Dr.  Murray's  elaborate  account  of  the  letter 
hin  the'H.E.D.' 

The  modern  French  name  of  the  letter,  viz. 
hache,  where  the  h  is  not  pronounced,  com- 
pared with  the  Italian  acca  and  Spanish  ache, 
evidently  shows  us  both  the  origin  of  our 
name  and  the  loss  of  the  aspirated  sound, 
even  in  the  name  of  the  letter  h.  H.  K. 

The  origin  of  the  terms  e  \j/i\6v  and  v  \jsi\6v 
is  clearly  explained  in  Prof.  Fried  rich  Blass's 
edition  of  Kiihner's  'AusfiihrlicheGrammatik 
der  Griechischen  Sprache'  (1890,  vol.  i.  p.  41). 
Their  employment  as  names  is  due  to  a  mis- 
apprehension. Byzantine  grammarians  in 
giving  rules  for  the  spelling  of  words  con- 
taining cu  or  €  (the  sounds  denoted  by  these 
symbols  being  in  their  days  the  same)  made 
use  of  the  term  «  i^iAoV,  plain  or  simple  e,  to 
distinguish  e  from  the  diphthong  at.  In  the 
same  way  j£  waa  distinguished  from  ot, 
sounded  like  it.  See  Schmidt's  article,  to 
which  Blass  refers.  This  was  brought  to  the 
notice  of  English  readers  over  thirty  years 
ago  by  Prof.  J.  E.  B.  Mayor,  in  his  'First 
Greek  Reader.'  See  also  Dr.  Sandys's  'A 
History  of  Classical  Scholarship,'  vol.  i. 
pp.  90,  385.  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

Hotel  du  Sud,  Via  Lombardia,  Rome. 

DR.  KRUEGER  asks  whence  the  letter  »/ 
derived  its  English  namewn'.  It  is  generally 
agreed,  I  believe,  that  the  problem  has  not 
been  solved.  He  will  find  a  very  full  and 
interesting  paper  on  the  subject  in  the 
London  Philological  Society's  Proceedings  for 
1883.  It  was  read  by  Mr.  C.  B.  Cayley,  and 
it  discussed  three  alternative  views,  none  of 
them  quite  satisfactory.  JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

SIR  HARRY  BATH:  SHOTOVER  (10th  S.  iii. 
209).— For  the  origin  of  the  name  of  Shot- 
over  Hill,  near  Oxford,  see  5th  S.  ii.  91,  136, 
197,  274  J  6th  S.  ix.  407. 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 


278 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io<»  s.  m.  APKIL  s,  1905. 


DICKENS  OR  WILKIE  COLLINS?  (10th  S.  iii. 
207.)— MR.  FIRMAN  will  find  conclusive  proof 
of  the  collaboration  of  these  writers  in  '  The 
Lazy  Tour  of  Two  Idle  Apprentices'  if  he 
will  turn  to  the  close  of  the  second  section  of 
Book  ix.  of  Forster's  '  Life  of  Dickens.'  The 
separating  of  the  two  shares  is  not  possible  ; 
indeed,  some  of  the  "authorities"  are  at 
variance  on  the  subject  so  far  as  it  has  been 
roughly  attempted.  Several  pages  of  the 
late  Mr.  F.  G.  Kitton's  recently  published 
volume  on  'The  Dickens  Country'  are 
occupied  with  notes  on  the  'Tour.' 

WALTER  JERROLD. 


Edited  by 
(Methuen 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

The  Work*  of  Charles  and  Mary  Lamb. 

E.  V.   Lucas.    Vols.    VI.  and  VII. 

&  Co.) 

WITH  two  volumes  of  the  letters,  that  definite  and 
handsomest  edition  of  the  works  of  Charles  and 
Mary  Lamb  which  we  owe  to  the  zeal  and  erudi- 
tion of  Mr.  Lucas  and  the  taste  and  enterprise  of 
Messrs.  Methuen  is  completed,  and  all  for  which 
the  subscriber  has  now  to  wait  is  the  promised 


Leigh  Hunt,  only  four  to  Hood."  That  any  great* 
find  is  to  be  anticipated  we  do  not  believe,  though- 
occasional  discoveries,  bringing  with  them  a  further 
extension  of  copyright,  are  probable  enough.  Many 
risks  attend  letters.  Even  if  we  settle  the  great 
question  of  the  expediency  of  keeping  them,, 
the  mere  instinct  of  cleanliness  and  order  in  the 
feminine  mind  leads  sometimes  to  the  destruction 
of  letters  for  a  while  jealously  guarded.  No  man,, 
and  perhaps  no  woman — though  of  this  we  are  less 
sure — would  now  consciously  destroy  a  letter  of 
Lamb's.  In  early  days  scores,  and  possibly  hundreds, 
may  well  have  been  the  victims  of  neglect  or  in- 
difference. The  collection  now  supplied  is,  it  may 
safely  be  asserted,  the  largest  in  existence.  Among: 
those  by  whom  it  has  been  enriched  are  Sir  Charles 
Wentworth  Dilke  and  the  late  W.  S.  Ayrton.  Im- 
portant additions  of  letters  to  members  of  the 
Wordsworth  family  now  appear,  and  the  Moxon 
correspondence,  in  the  Rowfant  Library,  has  been 
entrusted  to  the  editor.  All  additions  are,  of 
course,  welcome.  We  can  never  have  too  many 
letters  of  Lamb,  and  no  reader  of  taste  will  ever 
weary  of  their  perusal.  New  matter  is  comprised 
in  the  appendixes,  which,  among  others,  give  letters- 
and  passages  of  letters  omitted  from  the  body  of 
the  book,  and  now  supplied  in  part  from  the  col- 
lections of  the  late  James  Dykes  Campbell.  Three 
further  portraits  appear.  The  frontispiece  to 
vol.  vi.  is  the  reproduction  of  the  likeness  by  Henry 
Mayer,  painted  in  1826,  when  Lamb  was  fifty-one. 


, 

biography,  which  will  occupy  two  further  volumes,     and  now  preserved  at  the  India  Office.     That  to 
Reference  to  the  indexes  of  l  N.  &  CJ.,'  9th  S.  xi.  and  |  vol.  vii.  is  from  an  original  pencil  drawing  of  a 


xii.  and  10'h  S.  i.,  will  show  with  what  patience  and 
fidelity  the  progress  of  the  work  has  been  followed, 
and  how  warm  recognition  has  been  awarded 
separate  volumes.  The  completion  of  the  task 
merits  special  acknowledgment,  and  the  owner  of 


year  earlier.  Yet  a  third  portrait  reproduces  the 
well-known  and  striking  etching  by  Brook  Fulham 
in  its  first  state.  There  are  many  pictures  of  resi- 
dences of  Lamb,  facsimiles  and  designs  after  Cris- 
pin de  Pas,  Thomas  Hood,  and  works  to  which 


the  completed  work   may  boast  the  possession  of    Lamb  refers.     It  is  seldom  that  the  completion  of 

the  goodliest  as  well  as    the  most  authoritative    a   task  of  the  kind  is  more  welcome  or  M'ill  be  a 

edition  extant.     "After  much  consideration,"  as  j  greater  acquisition  to  the  book-lover. 

we  are  told,  the  disposition  of  the  notes  has  been  ' 

changed,  and  the  comments  of  the  editor  are  now 

placed  at  the  close  of  each  letter,  instead  of  at  the 

end  of  the  volume.     How  far  this  is  an  improve- 


ment or  the  reverse  is  not  easily  decided.    A  gain 
to  convenience  attends  increased  facility  of  refer- 


Diartj  and  Letters  of  Madame  D'ArUay.  177S-1SM. 

Vol.  IV.     (Macmillan  &  Co.) 

THE  fourth  volume  of  Mr.  Austin  Dobson's  brilliant 
and  authoritative  edition  of  Fanny  Barney's  diary 
finishes  tenderly  with  the  'acceptance  by  the 


ence.     Whether  this  is  more  than  proportionate  to    king  and  queen  of  her  resignation  of  her  post  of 
the  break  in  continuity  which  is  involved  we  are  j  Second  Keeper  of  the  Robes,  the  last  words  being, 


not  prepared  to  say.  The  illustrations  contained 
in  the  notes  are  on  the  same  ample  scale  as  before. 
Mr.  Lucas  expresses  a  fear  such  as  he  has  previously 
uttered,  that  they  may  in  some  cases  be  found 
redundant.  Having  begun,  however,  his  edition 
with  the  resolution  where  possible  to  explain  every- 
thing concerning  which  the  average  reader  may 
possibly  be  in  doubt,  he  has  felt  compelled  to 
stick  to  his  guns.  His  explanations  remain  ample, 
and  are  perhaps  to  some  readers  superfluous. 
They  are,  nevertheless,  in  every  case  acceptable  and 
readable,  and  we  have  never  in  our  study — often 
close— of  the  volumes  felt  disposed  to  skip.  An  abso- 
lutely complete  collection  of  Lamb's  letters  is  not 
yet  possible.  Such  has  been  the  popularity  of 
Charles  Lamb  that  letters  when  found  have  not 
seldom  been  issued  in  works  still  copyright.  The 
absence  of  such  letters  is  inevitable,  and,  as 
the  latest  editor  thinks,  many  remain  yet  to  be 
discovered.  It  is  held  incredible  that  Lamb  wrote 
only  seventy  letters  between  the  years  1807  and 
1820,  and  only  four  in  1811-13.  "It  is  incredible, 
also,  that  he  wrote  altogether  only  three  letters  to 


Here,  therefore,  end  my  Court  Annals :  after 
having  lived  in  the  service  of  Her  Majesty  five 
years  within  ten  days— from  July  17,  J786,  to  July  7, 
1791."  Apart  from  the  revelation  of  character  on 
the  part  of  the  heroine,  there  is  in  the  volume 
much  of  great  interest.  What  is  most  striking, 
and  perhaps  most  valuable  also,  is  the  description- 
of  the  trial  of  Warren  Hastings,  at  which,  at  the 
expressed  wish  of  the  queen,  she  was  frequently 
present.  Fanny  was  thoroughly  loyal  to  Hastings, 
and  did  not  spare  to  "  rub  it  in"  to  Windham,  and 
even  to  Burke.  At  the  outset  the  volume  is  much 
occupied  with  the  proceedings  of  Mr.  Fairly,  other- 
wise Col.  Stephen  l)igby,  a  vacillating  gentleman 
who  sought  the  heroine  out  diligently,  enjoyed  her 
conversation,  andseems  to  havecontemplated  marry- 
ing her.  That  Fanny  would  have  accepted  him  there 
seems  to  be  no  reasonable  doubt,  and  those  around! 
her  hesitated  to  tell  her  of  his  marriage  to  Miss 
Charlotte  Gunning,  of  whom  she  always  speaks 
as  Miss  Fuzilier.  The  royal  family,  even,  discussed 
this  matter  in  German,  for  fear  of  wounding  her. 
Fanny  is  scarcely  at  pains  to  conceal  hep  annoyance* 


io*s.  in.  APRIL  s,  1905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


279 


which,  indeed,  was  but  natural.  Of  the  dreary 
formalism  of  State  life  the  book  conveys  an  ani- 
mated picture.  Though  an  amiable  and  gracious 
creature,  the  queen  was  a  rigorous  stickler  for 
etiquette,  and  the  fatigue  of  standing  many  hours 
while  in  a  delicate  state  of  health  was  obviously 
excessive.  Another  matter  the  description  of  which 
is  impressive  is  the  illness  of  the  king.  An  inter- 
view between  Fanny  and  George  III.,  in  the  course 
of  which  he  chased  her,  is  very  striking.  Our 
heroine  seems  to  have  been  a  very  nervous  as  well 
as  a  very  observant  creature.  A  good  deal  concern- 
ing France  and  the  emigre*  appears  in  this  fourth 
volume.  Mr.  Dobson's  task  of  editing  is  admir- 
ably accomplished.  Much  remunerative  labour  has 
been  involved  in  the  effort,  and  the  edition  is 
in  most  respects  ideal.  The  illustrations  remain 
specially  attractive,  and  constitute  a  delightful 
feature.  Three  portraits  are  reproduced— those  of 
Queen  Charlotte,  by  Gainsborough,  from  the  South 
Kensington  Museum ;  of  George  III.,  by  Allan 
Ramsay,  from  the  National  Gallery  ;  and  of  Charles 
Burney,  D.D.,  by  Sir  Thomas  Lawrence,  from  a 
picture  in  the  possession  of  Archdeacon  Burney. 
There  are  views  of  Ray's  Hall  Lodge,  Cheltenham, 
Weymouth,  Lulworth  Castle,  Mount  Edgcumbe, 
Longleat,  Frogmore,  and  Covent  Garden  Theatre. 

Medkvral  Lore  from  Bartholomew'  Am/lieu*.  By 
Robert  Steele.  With  Preface  by  Win.  Morris. 
(De  La  More  Press.) 

THIS  latest  addition  to  the  interesting  series  of 
"  King's  Classics"  is  unlike  most  of  its  companion 
volumes  in  consisting  of  extracts,  and  not  of  a 
complete  work.  Of  Bartholomew  Anglicus,  through 
whose  'Properties  of  Things'  was  transmitted  to 
the  mediaeval  reader  the  knowledge  gathered  by 
Aristotle,  Galen,  Pliny,  and  other  writers  of  classic 
and  subsequent  days,  full  accounts  are  supplied  by 
the  late  William  Morris  and  by  Mr.  Steele.  A 
mine  of  folk-lore  and  of  quaint  and  curious,  if  not 
always  trustworthy,  information  is  this  volume, 
which  may  be  read  with  constant  interest  and 
delectation.  On  natural  history,  medifeval  man- 
ners, mediaeval  medicine,  and  mediaeval  lore 
generally  it  may  be  consulted  with  advantange. 
Especially  interesting  is  it  with  regard  to  such 
fabulous  creatures  as  the  basilisk,  the  cockatrice, 
the  dragon,  the  griffin ;  and  in  respect  of  such 
matters  as  the  hyena  changing  sex  and  the  cyno- 
podes,  who  shelter  themselves  behind  their  feet,  it 
is  amusing  as  well  as  edifying. 

Dirrs  Colloquial  Eyyptian  ~  Arabic  Grammar 
(Frowde)  has  been  translated  by  Mr.  W.  H.  Lyall 
for  the  benefit  of  tourists.  The  Egyptian  dialect  as 
spoken  at  Cairo  is  only  one  of  the  ten  varieties  of 
colloquial  Arabic,  and  we  are  assured  by  Mr.  Lyall 
is  by  no  means  a  difficult  tongue  to  learn.  No  doubt 
visitors  to  the  land  of  the  Nile  would  find  it  a 
useful  acquisition,  and  will  welcome  this  compact 
and  well-arranged  grammar  as  an  easy  introduction 
to  it.  Some  reading  exercises  and  a  vocabulary 
add  to  its  value. 

IN  their  Modtl  Library  of  Foreign  Theology 
Messrs.  Williams  &  Norgate  have  compiled  a  select 
bibliographical  list  of  theological  works,  published 
chiefly  on  the  Continent,  which  cannot  fail  to  be 
useful  to  English  students  of  theology.  The  list, 
which  is  classified  under  the  heads  of  Exegetical, 
Historical,  Systematical,  and  Practical  Theology, 
does  not  profess  to  be  complete,  but  it  contains 


upwards  of  seven  hundred  entries  of  the  most 
important  works  published  in  recent  years  on  these 
subjects. 

PART  I.  has  been  issued  by  Messrs.  Cassell  &  Co. 
of  The  National  Gallery  of  British  Art  (the  Tate 
Gallery),  an  entirely  new  work,  to  be  completed  in 
twenty-four  fortnightly  parts.  In  addition  to  photo- 
gravures, executed  in  capital  style,  of  Millais's  '  The 
Yeoman  of  the  Guard,'  MacWhirter's  'June  in  the 
Austrian  Tyrol,'  Leslie's  '  Uncle  Toby  and  Widow 
Wad  man  in  the  Sentry  Box,"  and  an  '  Equestrian, 
Portrait '  by  Landseer  and  Millais,  the  part  has. 
views,  exterior  and  interior,  of  the  Tate  Gallery,  and 
an  exquisite  tailpiece,  'The  Woods  above  Como.' 
If  continued  as  it  is  begun,  which  it  is  sure  to  be,  the 
completed  work  will  constitute  a  cheap  and  delight- 
ful companion  to  the  noble  gallery,  and  be  in  itself 
a  most  enviable  possession.  Sir  Charles  Holroyd, 
the  Keeper  of  the  Gallery,  supplies  a  helpful  intro- 
duction, accompanied  by  a  plate  of  the  bust  of  Sir 
Henry  Tate  by  T.  Brock,  R.A. 

IN  a  separate  publication  of  the  Jahrbuch  der- 
Deutachen  Shake$peare-Ge*f.lls<-haft  we  have  received 
a  paper  on  Ben  Jonson  and  '  The  Blood//  Brother,' 
by  our  valued  contributor  Charles  Crawford, 
establishing  the  fact  that  Jonson  is  a  principal 
associate  in  the  composition  of  the  play  with> 
Fletcher.  This  is  in  Mr.  Crawford's  best  style, 
and  is  a  model  of  constructive  criticism,  which  we 
warmly  commend  to  all  interested  in  the  Tudor 
drama. 

No.  66  of  The  Photo- Miniature  has  many  admir- 
ably executed  designs,  showing  how  much  may  be- 
expected  from  photography  in  the  way  of  book 
illustration. 

A  JUDICIOUS  critic  and  an  eloquent  writer,  Mr. 
Arthur  Symons,  supplies  to  the  Fortnightly  fievieiv 
an  excellent  criticism  on  Thomas  Moore,  whose 
poetical  works  have  been  much  discussed  of  late. 
Justice  is  scarcely  done  to  the  vivacity  of  Moore's, 
political  verses,  but  the  estimate  of  his  position  in. 
poetry  is  just,  and  what  is  said  concerning  poetry 
generally  deserves  repetition.  'Memories  of  the- 
Spring  in  Italy,'  by  A.  M.  Wakefield,  brings  pleasant 
thoughts  of  Mediterranean  seas  and  shores.  '  Sir 
Thomas  Lawrence's  Love  Affair'  gives  an  ani- 
mated account  of  that  artist's  wild  and  not  too 
creditable  proceedings  with  the  daughters  of  Mrs. 
Siddons,  and  leaves  virtually  unmentioned  the- 
suspicions  he  incurred  with  regard  to  the 
Princess  of  Wales.  Mr.  W.  S-  Lilly  writes  in- 
animated  style  concerning  'The Cost  of  Cheapness.' 
What  he  says  is  worth  study,  but  will  serve  little- 
purpose  under  conditions  such  as  exist.  '  Tooth 
Powder  or  Gunpowder'  is  better  than  its  title. — 
In  the  Nineteenth  Century  Lady  Priestley  also 
writes  on  the  love  passages  between  Sir  Thomas 
Lawrence  and  Sally  and  Maria  Siddons.  Some  of 
Sally's  letters  which  are  given  are  very  im- 
passioned. Lady  Priestley  does  not  hesitate  to 
approach  the  Princess  of  Wales  episode,  the 
question  of  his  over-intimacy  with  her  at  Mon- 
tague (qy.  Montagu?)  House  being  raised.  Mr. 
Arthur  Nicholson  undertakes  the  defence  of 
'The  Luminists'  — as  he,  in  common  with  some 
others,  prefers  to  call  the  Impressionists— from 
the  onslaught  of  Sir  Philip  Burne-Jones  in  a 
previous  number.  Air.  Sidney  Lee  writes  on  '  The 
Commemoration  of  Shakespeare,'  a  subject  on  which 
he,  if  any  one,  is  entitled  to  speak.  Miss  Gertrude 


280 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io*  s.  in.  APRIL  s.  IKS. 


Kingston  is  eloquent  upon  '  The  Public  as  Seen 
from  the  Stage,'  and  has  much  justice  on  her  side. 
.She  attributes  to  the  English  public  fanatical 
Puritanism.  Crass  ignorance  would  be  a  juster 
•charge.  Bishop  Welldon  writes  on  '  The  Art 
-of  Classical  Quotation,'  the  decay  in  which  may 
-also  perhaps  be  attributed  to  ignorance.  Very  in- 
teresting and  suggestive  is  the  '  Musical  Hours '  of 
.the  Queen  of  Roumania.  Baron  Suyematsu  intro- 
duces us  to  the  Mikado  as  a  poet. — In  the  midst  of 
.many  important  articles  on  military,  naval,  and 
similar  subjects  appears,  in  The  National  Review, 
•a  capital  paper  by  Canon  Ellacombe  on  '  House 
Mottoes.'  The  subject  has  been  freely  treated  in 
*  N.  &  Q.,'  and  the  reverend  author  owns  his  obliga- 
tion to  our  columns.  Many  new  mottoes  strike  us, 
among  them  being  the  two  following :  "  Sapiens  qui 
assiduus,"  on  the  ceiling  of  a  bank  parlour,  and 
in  a  library,  "  Tolle,  aperi,  recita,  ne  Ijedas,  claude, 
repone."  On  a  weighing  machine  outside  the  rail- 
way station  at  Brigue,  on  the  Rhone,  the  Canon 
•copied  the  following:  "Qui  souvent  se  pese  bien 
>ee  connait,  et  qui  bien  se  connait  bien  se 
porte."  This  is  at  least  curious.  Miss  Gwen- 
dolen Talbot  writes  wisely  and  amusingly  on 
•*  Simplicity.'  Some  of  the  articles  are  rather 
•fiercely  controversial.  A  reply  to  M.  Combes,  by 
Viscount  Llandaff,  does  not  seem  calculated  to 
foster  the  good  relations  which  have  lately  sprung 
into  existence  between  London  and  Paris.  Lieut. - 
<Col.  de  la  Poer  Beresfprd,  late  British  military 
attache  at  Petersburg,  gives  a  good  account,  accom- 
panied by  a  map,  of  the  Battle  of  Mukden. — In  The 
Gornhill  Mr.  Stephen  Gwynn  writes,  in  the  cus- 
tomary modern  style  of  Celts,  of  'Mr.  G.  B.  Shaw 
and  the  British  Public.'  Mr.  Shaw  can,  however,  no 
longer  be  counted  among  the  unacted,  though  he 
has  doubtless  some  points  to  regulate  with  the 
"Censure.  Mr.  Gwynn  is,  of  course,  duly  severe  upon 
the  monstrous  action  of  prohibiting '  Monna  Vanna.' 
•*  Autour  d'Evelina,'  by  Mr.  Walter  Frith,  supplies 
letters  and  interesting  particulars  concerning  Fanny 
Burney.  What  Mr.  Frith  says  about  grangerizing 
as  not  quite  adequate.  Mr.  Joseph  Shay  lor  writes 
on  '  Reprints  and  their  Readers.'  On  this  subject 
•also  something  more  is  to  be  said.  In  '  Greeks  and 
Trojans'  we  read  with  some  disappointment  the 
article  of  the  Hon.  John  Collier.  'The  Second 
Mate '  seems  to  us,  \yho  are,  however,  quite  un- 
skilled, to  have  admirable  colour.  —  'Old -Time 
Travel  Fifty  Years  Ago,'  in  The  Gentleman's,  de- 
scribes a  tour  in  France,  Belgium,  Germany,  &c., 
ififty  years  ago.  As  we  personally  made  a  similar 
,tour  ten  years  earlier  than  that  period,  we  feel 
^scarcely  disposed  to  regard  it  as  "old  time."  Dr. 
'Whitefoord  describes  'An  English  Village:  the  Old 
and  the  New.'  Mr.  MacMichael  continues  his 
capital  description  of  '  Charing  Cross  and  its  Imnie- 
xliate  Neighbourhood.'  '  Notes  by  a  Vicar's  Wife ' 
•contains  some  North-Country  folk-lore.  Miss  Lilian 
Moubrey  sends  '  The  Song  of  the  Sea.' — In  the 
Pall  Mall  an  account  of  '  Modern  At  hens,'  by  Mr. 
"William  Sharp,  is  accompanied  by  capital  photo- 
graphs, some  of  them  printed  in  tint.  The  frontis- 
piece consists  of  'A  Boy  with  a  Hawk,'  by  Nicholas 
Maas.  '  Westminster :  The  House  of  Commons,' 
is  well  illustrated.  Very  interesting  is,  moreover, 
part  iv.  of  Mr.  Conrad's  '  The  Mirror  of  the  Sea.' — 
In  'At  the  Sign  of  the  Ship'  in  Longmans  Mr. 
Andrew  Lang  settles  the  dispute  between  him  and 
Mr.  James  Douglas  by  owning  that  the  passage 
supposed  to  be  taken  from  the  latter's  life  of  Mr. 


Watts-Dunton  was,  in  fact,  extracted  from  Black- 
wood.  An  interesting  dispute  between  Mr.  Lang 
and  Sir  Arthur  Mitchell  is  continued.  Mr.  Lang 
also  answers  the  "  American  Physician  "  who  thinks 
that  a  man  is  no  use  in  literature  after  a  certain 
age.  Mr.  Heneage  Legge  gives  some  specimens  of 
ancient  wills,  and  Mr.  Reginald  Turner  asks  '  Are 
the  English  People  too  Genteel  ? ' 

MESSRS.  HOUGHTON,  MIFFON  &  Co.,  of  Boston 
and  New  York,  promise  a  second  edition  of  '  The 
Magic  of  the  Horseshoe,'  with  other  folk-lore  notes, 
by  Robert  Means  Lawrence,  M.D.,  a  work  which 
cannot  fail  greatly  to  interest  our  readers. 

IT  is  proposed  to  issue  an,  index  to  Bacon's 
'Annals  of  Ipswich,'  compiled  by  Nath.  Bacon. 
Town  Clerk  and  Recorder  of  Ipswich,  grandson  of 
Lord  Keeper  Sir  Nicholas,  and  also  related  to 
Francis  Bacon,  Viscount  St.  Albans.  The  work 
consists  of  abstracts  from  the  records  and  docu- 
ments of  the  town,  and  throws  much  light  upon 
the  manners  and  customs  of  the  time.  It  was 
privately  issued  in  1884  without  any  index  ;  one  is 
now  in  course  of  compilation,  and  will  shortly  be 
issued  by  subscription,  only  one  hundred  copies 
being  printed. 

Ifrikes  ia  ftotmyoiibmlt. 

We  niutit  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 
put  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
heading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "Duplicate." 

L.  STANIFORTII  ("  Though  the  mills  of  God  grind 
slowly  "). — The  couplet  is  a  translation  by  Long- 
fellow from  the  '  Sinngedichte '  of  Friedrich  von 
Logau  (1604-55).  The  note  in  Bartlett's  'Familiar 
Quotations'  (p.  793,  ed.  1891)  supplies  illustrations 
of  the  sentiment  from  Greek  writers.  Several 
extracts  from  the  German  poet  will  be  found  in 
any  edition  of  Longfellow  under  the  title  '  Poetic 
Aphorisms.' 

T.  W.  B.  ("In  the  straw").— The  phrase  is  well 
known,  and  is  in  Annandale's  four- volume  *Im- 

Serial  Diet.,'  besides  occurring  in  slang  dictionaries, 
ee  the  quotations  in  the  'Encyclopaedic  Diet.' 
E.  P.  WOLFERSTAX  ("  Algarva  ").— You  are  mis- 
taken in  saying  that  no  replies  to  your  query  have 
appeared.    Four  were  printed  ante,  p.  194. 

NOTICK. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries'" — Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Pub- 
lisher"— at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  E.C. 


io*  s.  m.  APK.L  8,i905.j      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


THE    ATHEN51UM 

JOURNAL  OF  ENGLISH  AND  FOREIGN  LITERATURE,  SCIENCE, 
THE  FINE  ARTS,  MUSIC,  AND  THE  DRAMA. 


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The  STRUCTURE  of  the  ATOM.    RESEARCH  NOTES. 
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Mr.  GOSSE  on  COVENTRY  PATMORE. 

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281 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  APRIL  15.  1905. 


CONTENTS.-No.  68.  • 

NOTES  :— Easter  Day  and  the  Full  Moon,  281— George  Dyer 
282  —  Patrick  Gordon,  the  Geographer,  283  —  Boswell's 
'Johnson,'  28i— Charles  V.  in  England— Bigg,  the  Diuton 
Hermit,  285  —  Topographical  Collections  for  Counties  — 
All  Fools'  Day— Sir  Robert  Shirley,  286— Pseudonyms,  287. 

QUERIES:— Local  Government  Records— Portraits  which 
have  led  to  Marriages— "  Born  on  Holy  Thursday,  and 
idle  "—Newspaper  "Editions"— MM.  Smith  as  Sylvia  in 
'Cymon' — Helvellyo,  287  —  "Warm  summer  sun"  — 
Juvenal  translated  by  Wordsworth  —  Weathercock  — 
Shacklewell— Dryden's  Sisters— Mrs.  Humby,  Actress— 
"Ledig":  "Leisure"  —  Money  in  Shakespeare's  Time, 
288— Twitchel— Armorial  — Scriptures  in  Gaelic— Theatre 
Parkgate— Queutery  or  Quaintry,  289. 

REPLIES  :—' The  Lass  of  Richmond  Hill,'  289— "The 
gentle  Shakespeare,"  290  —  Names  of  Letters  —  Biblio- 
graphical Queries,  292— "Beating  the  Bounds  "—Ancho- 
rites' Dens— Willesden  Families— Tom  Taylor  on  Whewell 
— 'Rebecca,'  a  Novel,  293  —  Parliamentary  Quotation  — 
"Lamb"  in  Place-names  —  Verses  :  Author  Wanted  — 
Bssay— Nelson  in  Fiction  —  "  Sax  "—Halls  of  the  City 
Companies,  291— St.  Sepulchre  — St.  Thomas  Wohope — 
Split  Infinitive,  295— Masons'  Marks,  296— Authors  and 
their  First  Books -The  Egyptian  Hall,  297. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS:— 'New  English  Dictionary '— Pepys's 
'  Diary '— '  The  Decameron '— '  The  Heptameron  '—Wall's 
•Shrines  of  British  Saints '— '  The  Burlington  Magazine.' 

Booksellers'  Catalogues. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


Stoles. 

EASTER  DAY  AND  THE  FULL  MOON. 

THIS  year  the  difficulty  again  occurs  about 
reconciling  the  rule  for  keeping  Easter  with 
the  date  on  which  it  is  actually  kept,  and 
some  uninstructed  persons  have  fancied  that 
there  is  a  discrepancy.  "Easter  Day,"  says 
the  Prayer-Book, 

<l  is  always  the  First  Sunday  after  the  Full  Moon 
which  happens  upon,  or  next  after  the  Twenty-first 
Day  of  March  ;  and  if  the  Full  Moon  happens  upon 
a  Sunday,  Easter  Day  is  the  Sunday  after." 

(I  pointed  out  in  6th  S.  v.  265  the  redundancy 
of  the  latter  clause,  which  is  implied  in  the 
rule  ;  but  this  by  the  way.)  Now  this  year 
a  full  moon  took  place  at  four  minutes  before 
five  o'clock  in  the  morning  on  21  March  by 
Greenwich  time.  Why,  then,  it  is  thought, 
should  not  the  following  Sunday,  26  March, 
be  Easter  Day1?  Simply  because  the  full 
moon  in  the  precept  for  the  observance  of 
Easter  does  not  mean  the  actual  full  moon 
(the  local  time  of  which  differs  according  to 
the  longitude  of  the  place),  but  the  day  of 
full  moon  according  to  a  cycle,  which  may 
be  the  day  before  or  after  that  of  actual  full 
moon  at  any  particular  place.  This  cycle  is 
formed  from  the  Metonic  Cycle,  which  has 
at  distant  intervals  to  be  readjusted,  as  I 


explained  in  10th  S.  i.  324.  The  readjustment 
was  first  made  by  the  introduction  of  the 
Gregorian  Calendar  in  1582,  not  adopted  in 
England  until  1752.  Before  then  Easter  was 
regulated  exclusively  by  the  Metonic  Cycle, 
according  to  the  Golden  Number,  which,  it 
was  supposed,  would  bring  the  full  moon  to 
the  same  date  at  the  end  of  each  period  of 
nineteen  years,  and  then  the  following  Sunday 
(easily  found  by  the  Sunday  Letter  in  each 
year,  A  being  the  letter  of  the  first  day  of  the 
year,  and  that  of  the  first  Sunday,  the  Sunday 
or  Dominical  Letter)  was  the  day  of  Easter. 
Thus,  this  year,  of  which  the  Golden  Number 
is  6,  by  the  old  or  Julian  reckoning  (still 
observed  in  the  Eastern  Church)  the  Sunday 
Letter  is  B,  and  by  the  table  in  old  Prayer- 
Books  headed  "To  find  Easter  for  ever," 
17  April  is  taken  out  at  sight  as  the  day  of 
Easter.  This  is,  of  course,  by  the  Old  Style, 
which  now  differs  thirteen  days  from  ours, 
so  that  Easter  Day  in  the  Oriental  Church 
is  this  year  kept  on  our  30  April.  But  by 
the  new  Gregorian  reckoning  in  the  Western 
Church  provision  was  made  for  adjusting 
the  full  moon  to  the  Golden  Number  (the 
letter  remaining  as  before),  so  that  from 
the  Paschal  full  moon  (i.e.,  that  upon  or  next 
after  the  21st  of  March)  and  the  Sunday 
Letter  the  day  of  Easter  can  be  taken  out 
from  the  revised  table.  This  adjustment  has 
to  be  repeated  every  third  century,  and  was 
done  the  last  time  in  1900,  a  different  table 
being  given  in  the  Prayer  Book  before  and 
after  that  year.  Thus,  for  the  present  year, 
with  Golden  Number  6  and  Sunday  Letter  A 
(1  Jan.  being  a  Sunday),  we  find  the  Paschal 
full  moon  by  the  table  on  18  April,  and  Easter 
Day  23  April.  The  moon  will  really  be  full 
by  Greenwich  time  on  19  April,  about  half- 
past  1  o'clock  in  the  afternoon ;  but  there 
would  be  great  inconvenience  if  we  attempted 
to  regulate  Easter  by  the  real  full  moon,  as, 
being  at  a  different  local  time  in  different 
parts  of  the  world,  it  would  in  many  cases 
make  Easter  on  different  days,  even  in  the 
same  country,  if  the  meridian  at  which  the 
moon  was  full  at  midnight  passed  through 
it.  By  adopting  an  artificial  calendar  full 
moon,  the  aate  of  which  is  independent  of 
hours,  this  inconvenience  is  avoided.  But  it 
must  be  confessed  that  it  sometimes  causes 
Easter  Day  to  fall,  as  it  did  last  year,  on  the 
same  day  as  the  Jewish  Passover,  which 
the  Council  of  Nicaea  was  so  anxious  to  avoid 
that  they  decreed  that  if  the  Paschal  Sunday 
fell  on  the  full  moon,  Easter  was  not  to  be 
kept  till  the  Sunday  after.  Those  early 
Christians  who  had  kept  it  always  on  the 
Jewish  Passover  (the  fourteenth  day  of  the 


282 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [io*  s.  m.  APRIL  15, 1905. 


lunar  month)  were  called  Quartodecimans, 
and  it  was  thought  better  not  to  agree  with 
this  at  any  time,  whether  a  Sunday  or  not. 

It  would  undoubtedly  be  much  better  now 
if  some  plan  could  be  agreed  upon  in  the 
Christian  Church  to  abolish  all  these  com- 
plicated rules  and  keep  Easter  Day  on  the 
second  Sunday  in  April,  when  the  first  in 
all  probability  took  place.  W.  T.  LYNN. 

Blackheath. 

GEORGE  DYER. 

WE  have  all  of  us  a  warm  corner  in  our 
hearts  reserved  for  George  Dyer,  "  the 
dear,  blundering  soul,"  who,  as  Lamb  "  verily 
believed,  was  born  without  original  sin." 
Mr.  E.  V.  Lucas,  in  a  recent  article,  has  said 
nearly  all  there  is  to  be  said  on  such  an 
enticing  subject;  but  the  picture  may  perhaps 
be  made  a  little  more  complete  by  a  few 
additions. 

Mr.  Lucas  sets  out  with  a  statement  with 
which  one  is  somewhat  inclined  to  disagree, 
namely,  that  but  for  certain  letters  of  Lamb's 
and  the  two  oft-read  Elia  essays,  "Dyer's 
name  would  now  be  unknown."  This  seems 
unlikely,  seeing  that  so  many  people  —  all 
friends'  of  Dyer's  —  have  had  much  to  say 
about  his  unique  personality.  There  are, 
hidden  away  in  various  books,  mostly  out  of 
print,  many  details  that  should  be  welcomed 
by  all  who  take  an  interest  in  Lamb  and  his 
friends. 

We  all  know  of  Dyer's  wish  to  offer  his 
hand  to  the  widow  of  John  Clarke,  in  the 
event  of  her  not  having  been  left  well  off, 
and  Mr.  Lucas  would  appear  to  be  under  the 
impression  that  this  early  love  of  George 
Dyer  for  her,  when  he  and  Clarke  were 
assistants  in  Dr.  Hyland's  school  at  North- 
ampton, was  his  first  and  last  romance.  Mr. 
Lucas  writes : — 

"  As  we  have  seen,  he  had  once  loved  :  he  had 
not  married,  one  suspects  simply  because,  since 
that  time,  no  woman  had  asked  him,  or,  rather, 
had  not  bidden  him  to." 

There  was  a  time,  however,  when  Dyer 
actually  did,  by  letter,  make  a  proposal  of 
marriage,  the  lady  thus  honoured  being  the 
widow  of  Gilbert  Wakefield.  What  would 
one  not  give  to  be  privileged  to  see  that 
letter  !  The  story  is  related  by  the  grand- 
daughter of  Gilbert  Wakefield,  Mrs.  Le 
Breton,  in  her  interesting  '  Memories  of 
Seventy  Years,'  as  follows  : — 

"Mrs.  Wakefield,  who  had  been  beautiful,  and 
still  looked  very  young  (her  husband  never  men- 
tions her  in  his  letters  to  her  daughters  but  as  '  your 
lovely  mother'),  had  been  the  object  of  Mr.  Dyer's 
devotion  for  years,  and  he  at  last  ventured  to  send 
her  a  proposal  of  marriage.  My  aunt  has  described 


her  to  nie  coming  flushed  and  indignant  into  the 
room  with  an  open  letter  in  her  hand,  which  she 
flu/ig  to  them,  saying,  'There,  girls,  you  must 
answer  this  for  me  ;  I  will  have  nothing  to  say  to 
him.'  It  was  long  before  she  would  forgive  him,  or 
allow  him  to  resume  his  visits  to  her  house.  I  do 
not  think  that  any  man  could  have  persuaded  her 
to  be  untrue  to  the  beloved  husband  of  her  youth 
(she  was  married  toGilbert  Wakefield  at  seventeen), 
but  certainly  George  Dyer  would  have  been  the 
last  person  to  please  so  delicate  and  fastidious  a 
lady." 

Mrs.  Le  Breton  has  more  to  tell  us  that  is 
very  interesting  and  characteristic  of  Dyer's- 
peculiarities : — 

"I  fear  his  goodness  and  kindness  were  not 
properly  appreciated  by  us  young  ones,  as  he  was 
sadly  uncouth  and  slovenly  in  his  appearance,  and 
had  a  fatal  habit  of  kissing  us  on  his  arrival,  which 
we  always  tried  to  avoid.  One  day,  hearing  him 
come  upstairs,  my  sister  and  I  ran  away  as  usual, 
and,  peeping  into  the  drawing-room,  where  we  had 
left  a  bust  we  had  been  drawing  from,  heard  him, 
after  a  low  bow,  entering  with  his  usual  politeness 
into  a  kind  conversation  with  Diana.  He  went 
very  often  to  visit  my  grandmother,  Mrs.  Wakefield, 
who  lived  at  Hackney  with  her  young  sons,  from 
whom  poor  Dyer  patiently  endured  much  teasing. 
I  have  heard  of  Gilbert's  one  day  dressing  in  a 
woman's  clothes,  with  a  mask,  and  was  introduced 
as  a  '  foreign  lady,'  to  whom  Mr.  Dyer  was  asked 
to  give  his  arm  to  the  dining-room,  which  he  did, 
after  gazing  with  blank  surprise  at  the  strange  fac& 
of  *  the  lady.'  It  was  only  near  the  end  of  dinner 
that  the  trick  was  discovered  by  the  whole  party 
bursting  into  uncontrollable  laughter." 

Dyer's  "  aquatic  incursion "  on  leaving 
Colebrook  College  to  visit  Mrs.  Barbauld  at 
Stoke  Newington,  as  recorded  by  Elia,  can 
never  be  effaced  from  our  memories.  There 
is,  however,  another  account  by  Procter,  wha 
arrived  on  the  scene  a  little  earlier  than 
Lamb  did.  Two  versions  are  given  by  him  : 
one  in  his  '  Memoir  of  Charles  Lamb,' and  the 
other  in  his  '  Autobiographical  Fragment  and 
Biographical  Notes,'  edited  by  his  friend 
Coventry  Patmore.  The  one  here  tran- 
scribed is  from  the  latter  work,  as  it  is  more 
complete  in  details,  and  also  less  known  than 
that  in  the  '  Memoir.' 

In  his  notes,  under  date  17  May,  1828,  he 
writes : — 

"  I  happened  to  call  at  Lamb's  the  morning  that 
Dyer  fell  into  the  New  River.  He  had  been  taken 
out  about  a  quarter  of  an  hour  when  I  arrived,  and 
I  saw  a  track  of  water  from  the  river  to  the  house, 
which  was  close  by,  like  that  left  by  a  large  New- 
foundland dog.  I  rang  the  bell.  '  Is  Mr.  Lamb  at 
home?'I  inquired.  ' No,  sir,' answered  the  maid, 
'but  Mr.  Dyer  has  just  fallen  into  the  water  ;  will 
you  go  up?  My  missis  is  in  such  a  fright.'  I  pro- 
ceeded accordingly  up  stairs,  and  there  found  Dyer 
blanketed  up  to  the  throat ;  his  little  stubby  grey 
hair  had  been  rubbed  up  till  it  looked  like  a 
quantity  of  little  needles  on  his  head.  He  was 
chattering  away  under  the  influence  of  a  thunder- 
ing glass  of  brandy-and-water,  while  Miss  Lamb- 


io-  s.  in.  APKIL  is,  1905.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


283 


was  standing  by  the  bedside,  diving  and  plunging 
into  the  pockets  of  his  wet  trousers  for  his  keys, 
money,  &c.  '  Poor  Mr.  Dyer  '  said  she,  whimper- 
ing 'He  has  had  an  accident.'  '  Oh,  I  'm  very  well 
now,'  replied  he.  '  But  it  certainly  was  very  extra- 
ordinary; I  really  thought  it  was  the  path.  I 
walked  on  and  on,  and  suddenly-i  was  in  But  1 
soon  found  where  I  was,'  added  he.  '  I  should  think 
so  '  said  I ;  to  which  Dyer  answered,  Oh,  yes  ! 
left  him  to  the  care  of  a  sort  of  itinerant  doctor 
with  one  eye  who  lodged  at  the  public-house  close 
by.  He  prescribed  nothing  but  cognac  ;  I  suppose 
for  the  benefit  of  the  house." 

There  seems  some  reason  to  believe  that 
Dyer's  portrait  was  painted  about  1809,  pro- 
bably by  Matilda  Betham,  who  was  his 
friend  for  many  years,  and  who  was  with 
him  when  he  died.  It  was  sent  to  Southey, 
who,  in  acknowledging  its  receipt,  writes  :— 

"Dyer's  picture  is  a  roost  happy  likeness.  He 
does  me  wrong  if  he  supposes  that  I  do  not  set 

freat  value  upon  it,  for  I  have  a  great  regard  for 
im  and  so  much  respect  for  his  better  part,  that  I 
never  lose  sight  of  it,  even  when  his  oddities  and 
weaknesses  provoke  a  smile.  It  is  melancholy  to 
see  so  many  of  the  ingredients  both  of  genius  and 
happiness  existing  in  that  man's  mind  and  spoilt 
in  the  mixing,  and  to  think  how  trifling  an  altera- 
tion in  his  character  would  have  made  him  as 
useful  as  he  is  good,  and  as  happy  as  useful." 

It  is  to  be  hoped  that  Mr.  Lucas  has  been 
able  to  secure  a  copy  of  George's  "  counter- 
feit presentment  "  for  his  '  Life  of  Charles 
Lamb,'  which  we  are  all  so  eagerly  expecting. 


Lamb, 

In    conclusion, 


I    will    add    a  stanza   by 


Charles  Lamb,  taken  from  Mrs.  De  .Morgan's 
'Three  Score  Years  and  Ten,'  which  has 
not  appeared  in  any  of  the  numerous 
editions  of  his  works.  Mrs.  De  Morgan, 
who  was  the  daughter  of  William  Trend, 
tells  us  that  it  was  written  at  Dyer's 
lodgings  in  Clifford's  Inn  Chambers  one  day 
after  her  father  and  Lamb  had  had  a  con- 
versation there  : — 

Friend  of  the  friendless,  friend  of  all  mankind, 
To  thy  wide  friendships  I  have  not  been  blind  ; 
But  looking  at  them  nearly,  in  the  end 
I  love  thee  most  that  thou  art  Dyer's  Frend. 

S.   BUTTEEWORTH. 


PATRICK  GORDON,  THE  GEOGRAPHER : 

PETER  GORDON. 

THE  Rev.  Patrick  Gordon  wrote  a  'Geo- 
graphy' which  ran  into  twenty  editions 
between  1693,  when  it  first  appeared,  and 
1754,  and  which  had  an  immense  influence 
on  the  youth  of  its  day.  He  had  something 
to  do  with  the  founding 'of  the  Society  for 
Promoting  Christian  Knowledge.  He  was 
a  Fellow  of  the  Royal  Society,  and  seems 
to  have  been  on  terms  of  friendship  with 
members  of  the  Gresham  Society,  notably 
with  Sir  Hans  Sloane,  who  carefully  pre- 


served his  letters ;  but,  so  far  as  I  know,  he 
is  not  dealt  with  in  any  of  the  dictionaries 
of  biography. 

He  seems  to  have  been  a  Scot  by  birth,  for 
in  writing  to  Sloane,  27  April,  1702  (Sloane 
MSS.,  Brit.  Mus.,  2038,  f.  330),  he  refers  to  a 
"  brother  of  mine  whom  I  daily  expect  from 
Scotland "  ;  while  his  praise  of  Scotland  in 
his  '  Geography '  seems  to  indicate  the  fervour 
of  the  native. 

He  had  a  younger  brother  who  had  gone 
to  France  to  study  surgery  and  pharmacy. 
He  introduced  him  to  Sloane  23  June,  1701 : 
"  Being  very  desirous  to  be  acquainted  with 
some  able  physicians  well  versed  in  the  latest 
discoveries,  I  can  recommend  him  to  none  in 
England  so  fitt  a  person  as  your  worthy  self." 
Writing  on  the  same  date  to  Mr.  Pettive,  he 
says  his  brother  may  make  a  voyage  "some 
time  hence"  to  one  of  the  Carri bee  Islands. 

The  only  Patrick  with  whom  I  can  at  all 
identify  him  is  the  Rev.  Patrick  Gordon,  of 
Abberley,  in  Worcestershire,  a  member  of 
the  Gordons  of  Kethocksmill,  Aberdeen,  who 
gave  no  fewer  than  six  professors  to  the 
University  of  Aberdeen,  and  who  were  re- 

E resented  in  our  own  time  by  Newman's 
riend  the  Rev.  John  Gordon,  of  the  Oratory, 
Birmingham.  This  suggestion  is  somewhat 
strengthened  by  the  fact  that  the  geographer 
dedicated  his  book  to  the  Hon.  Thomas 
Coventry,  eldest  son  of  the  Right  Hon. 
Thomas,  Lord  Coventry,  Baron  of  Ales- 
borough,  in  Worcestershire.  This,  however, 
is  the  merest  guess,  as  Gordon  was  un- 
doubtedly a  chaplain  in  the  navy  at  the 
time  that  the  Kethocksmill  Gordon  was 
incumbent  of  Abberley.  Another  guess  is 
that  the  geographer  may  have  been  the 
brother  of  the  William  Gordon,  a  soldier 
in  Dumbarton  Castle,  who  left  5l.  to  the 
S.P.C.K.  in  1752  —  surely  a  rare  form  of 
bequest  for  a  soldier  to  make. 

Patrick  Gordon  was  chaplain  on  H.M.S. 
Salisbury  in  1700-1.  In  the  July  of  1701  he- 
was  on  board  the  Swiftsure.  He  finally 
went  to  America.  Writing  from  the  Swift- 
sure  on  17  September,  1701  (Allen  and 
McClure's  '  History  of  the  S.P.C.K.,' p.  108>, 
he  says  he  frequently  thinks  upon  his  voyage- 
to  America ;  while  the  Bishop  of  London, 
writing  on  3  July,  1702,  to  the  Lord  High 
Treasurer,  announced  that  Mr.  Patrick  Gor- 
don was  to  depart  as  chaplain  to  New  York 
(' Treasury  Papers').  After  that  date  I  have 
lost  all  trace  of  him. 

The  first  edition  of  his  '  Geography '  bears 
the  following  elaborate  title-page  : — 

"  Geography  Anatomized  :  Or,  a  Compleat  Geo- 
graphical Gramraer  [sic]  Being  a  short  and  exact- 


284 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [io*  s.  m.  APRIL  15.  IMS. 


^analysis  of  the  -whole  body  of  modern  geography 
after  a  new,  plain,  and  easie  method,  whereby 
•any  person  may  in  a  short  time  attain  to  the  know- 
ledge of  that  most  noble  and  useful  science.  Com- 
prehending a  most  compendious  account  of  the 
•continent,  islands,  peninsula's  [.«'c],  isthmus,  pro- 
montories, oceans,  seas,  gulphs,  straits,  lakes, 
rivers  and  chief  towns  of  the  whole  earth. 
As  also  the  divisions,  subdivisions,  situation, 
«xtent,  air,  soil,  commodities,  manners,  govern- 
ment, religion  in  all  countries  of  the  world.  To 
•which  is  subjoined  the  present  state  of  the  European 
Plantations  in  the  East  and  West  Indies  with  a 
reasonable  proposal  for  the  propagation  of  the 
Blessed  Gospel  in  all  Pagan  Countries.  The  whole 
work  carefully  performed  according  to  the  exactest 
and  latest  discoveries.  Illustrated  with  divers 
maps.  By  Pat.  Gordon.  London.  Printed  by  J.R. 
for  Robert  Morden  and  Thomas  Cockerill  at  the 
Atlas  in  Cornhill  and  at  the  Tone  Leggs  in  the 
Poultry.  1693." 

His  style  is  curiously  old-fashioned.  Take, 
for  instance,  his  definition  of  his  subject : — 

"  Geography  (or  rather  Cosmography),  that  most 
pleasurable  and  useful  science,  which  is  the  subject 
of  the  following  treatise,  needs  no  rhetorick  to 
recommend,  the  great  utility  and  the  no  less  plea- 
sure that  attends  the  knowledge  thereof,  rendering 
it  acceptable  and  delightful  to  all  persons  who 
•engage  in  the  study  of  it.  By  the  help  of  this  the 
merchant  may  take  a  view  of  those  several  coun- 
tries from  whence  his  Factors  make  him  such 
•profitable  returns,  and  may  know  what  commodities 
are  peculiar  to  every  country,  and  consequently 
what  merchandise  to  export  and  import  to  and 
from  the  several  parts  of  the  Universe.  Nor  is  it 
less  useful  to  seafaring  men  who,  without  danger 
of  shipwreck,  may  with  pleasure  take  a  view  of  the 
ocean  and  of  those  several  seas,  straits,  and  gulphs 
he  hath  sailed  through  and  cast  anchor  in  those  ports 
and  pleasant  harbours  which  he  so  longed  for,  and 
•desired,  when  tost  and  tumbled  by  the  tempestuous 
waves.  Here  the  valiant  souldier  may  take  a  view 
•of  his  enemies  camp,  without  fear  of  murdering 
•cannon,  or  danger  of  an  ambuscade.  The  Divine 
may  travel  through  the  Holy  Land  and  view  the 
•several  places  mentioned  in  sacred  or  ecclesiastical 
•history,  and  may  trace  the  travel  and  pilgrimages  of 
prophets  and  apostles  and  of  the  Blessed  Saviour 
•himself." 

His  enthusiastic  description  of  Scotland, 
•which  1  have  never  seen  quoted,  seems  to 
^betoken,  as  I  have  said,  the  fervour  of  the 
•native  born  : — 

"  The  air  of  this  Country  is  generally  very  pure, 
and  so  extraordinary  wholesome  to  breathe  in  that 
several  persons  in  the  northmost  parts  of  that 
kingdom  do  frequently  arrive  to  greater  ages  than 
•are  usual  in  other  nations  of  Europe. 

"  Notwithstanding  this  Country  is  of  a  climate 
•considerably  northern,  yet  it  produceth  all  neces- 
•saries,  and  many  of  the  comforts  of  human  life. 

"  The  Scots  for  the  most  part  are  an  active,  pru- 
•dent  and  religious  sort  of  people.  Many  abomin- 
able vices  too  common  in  other  countries  are  not  so 
much  as  speculatively  known  among  them.  They 
generally  abhor  all  kinds  of  excess  in  drinking  and 
effeminate  delicacy  in  diet,  choosing  rather  to  im- 
prove the  mind  than  pamper  the  body.  And  as  for 


their  singular  fidelity  (although  slanderously  spoken 
of  by  some)  its  abundantly  well  known  and  ex- 
perienced abroad,  for  an  undoubted  demonstration 
thereof  is  publicly  given  to  the  whole  world  in  that 
a  neighbouring  Prince  and  his  Predecessors  (for 
almost  three  hundred  years)  have  committed  the 
immediate  care  of  their  Royal  Persons  to  them, 
without  even  having  the  least  cause  to  repent  a 
ground  of  change. 

"  The  inhabitants  of  this  country  are  of  the  true 
Reformed  Religion.  Here  the  Protestant  Doctrine 

is    carefully   taught    in    purest    splendour No 

Christian  Society  whatsoever  doth  excel  them  for 
their  exact  observation  of  the  Sabbath  day  :  and 
few  can  equal  them  in  their  singular  strictness  in 
punishing  scandals  and  severely  censuring  of  all 
vicious  persons." 

At  this  moment  it  is  interesting  to  recall 
his  observations  of  the  Russians  : — 

"  The  Muscovites  are  generally  lookt  upon  as  a 
rude,  deceitful  and  ignorant  sort  of  people.  They 
are  much  addicted  to  excessive  drinking,  and  to 
unlawful  and  beastly  pleasure.  They  are  said  to 
be  great  abhorrers  of  Tobacco." 

J.  M.  BULLOCH. 
( To  be  continued. ) 


BOSWELL'S  '  JOHNSON.' —  At  p.  100  of  the 
handy  Globe  edition  of  Boswell's  '  Johnson ' 
there  is  a  note  of  Boswell's  own  referring  to 
Johnson's  dictum  (in  the  'Grammar 'prefixed 
to  his  '  Dictionary ')  on  the  non-occurrence 
of  h  at  the  beginning  of  syllables  other  than 
the  first :  "In  the  third  edition,  published  in 
1773,  he  left  out  the  words  perhaps  never,"  &c. 
It  is  surprising  that  Boswell's  error  in  calling 
this  edition  the  third,  instead  of  the  fourth, 
has  not  been  corrected  by  the  Globe  editor. 
The  third  edition  was  published  in  1765,  and 
the  revision  undertaken  for  the  fourth  in 
1772-3  is  described  by  Bos  well  in  the  proper 
place  (Globe  edition,  pp.  227, 247).  In  Croker's 
one-volume  edition  of  Boswell  (1860,  p.  99) 
there  is  also  no  correction  of  the  error.  I 
should  like  to  know  if  it  has  been  put  right 
in  any  other  edition,  say  that  of  Dr.  Birk- 
beck  Hill. 

The  same  curiosity  attaches  to  a  misprint, 
or  at  least  an  orthographical  peculiarity,  in 
another  of  Boswell's  notes  which  has  gone 
uncorrected  in  Croker  (p.  56)  and  the  Globe 
edition  (p.  60).  Speaking  of  the  famous 
"Plan"  of  the  'Dictionary,'  Boswell  tells 
how  Johnson  explained  to  him  the  circum- 
stances of  its  dedication  to  Lord  Chester- 
field :  "Johnson  told  me  [22 September,  1777, 
going  from  Ashbourne  in  Derbyshire,  to  see 
Islam],"  &c.  He  means  Ham,  a  little  place 
on  the  border  of  Staffordshire,  as  can  be 
seen  by  a  reference  to  the  later  passage 
(Globe  edition,  p.  426)  where  the  excursion 
is  described  in  detail.  Is  there  any  authority 


.  in.  APRIL  15, 1905.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


285 


for  the  spelling  with  $  ?  At  any  rate,  it  is 
time  to  give  it  up  in  modern  editions,  both 
for  the  sake  of  uniformity  and  to  avoid  the 
puzzling  suggestion  of  the  Mohammedan 
religion.  L.  R.  M.  STRACHAN. 

Heidelberg,  Germany. 

[MR.  LAXGTOK,  at  10th  S.  ii.  446,  referred  to 
Boswell's  note  on  the  letter  h,  but  did  not  mention 
the  mistake  pointed  out  above.] 

CHARLES  V.  IN  ENGLAND.  —  In  the  corre- 
spondence of  the  Swiss  reformer  Vadianus, 
published  during  recent  years  by  the  St. 
Gallen  Historical  Society,  there  is  a  letter 
bearing  date  19  June,  1520,  the  writer  of 
which  transmits  to  his  correspondent  some 
particulars  of  an  interview  between  Charles  V. 
and  Henry  VIII.,  which  may  be  interesting 
to  the  readers  of  '1ST.  &  Q.'  The  portion  of 
the  letter  referring  to  this  matter  reads  as 
follows : — 

"  Ulterius  Dominacioni  Vestrse  prseterire  nolo  ut 
indubie  nunc  etiam  fama  apud  nos  volat  quod 
SacratissimaCaesarea  et  Catholica  Maiestas  vicesima 
sexta  mensis  Mail  prseteritt  in  Angliam  in  quodam 
portu  Santwickh  vpcatus  cum  omni  sua  comitiva 
aplicuit,  ubi  a  serenissimo  rege  Anglire  et  uxore  sua, 
etiam  omnibus  proceribus  et  prof  uncialibus  (?  pro- 
vincialibus)  et  incolis  terra  Anglire  honorificentis- 
sime  exceptus  fuit  et  triduo  cum  sua  Maiestate 
Anglica  in  civitate  Cantuariensi  niorata  fuit,  ubi 
magnre  solempnitates,  Iretitise,  gaudia  et  festa  cele- 
brata  inter  eos  fuere.  Et  tandem  iterum  sua 
Maiestas  Catholica  cum  sua  comitiva  vicesima  nona 
mensis  pneteriti  ex  Anglia  discessit  et  prima  Junii 
huius  cum  omnibus  suis  classibus  quse  in  niagna 
copia  fuerunt,  salvis  omnibus,  ad  proprias  here- 
ditarias  profincias  in  Selanndria  in  quodam  portu 
et  civitate  nominata  Flussingen  traiecit  et  aplicuit 
et  per  proximum  cum  omnibus  suiscpmitivis  versus 
Gandaganem  ad  comitatum  Flandriam  se  recepit, 
ubi  a  fratre  suo  et  domina  serenissima  Margaretha 
et  a  proceribus  et  nobilibus  et  incolis  profinciarum 
inferiarum,  qui  eo  in  loco  suam  Maiestatem  ex- 
pectarunt,  sine  dubio  cum  magnis  triumphis  et 
nonoribus,  ut  mos  eorum  est,  exceptus  etiam  fuit. 
De  quibus  omnibus  certissimas  literas  et  postas  a 
sua  Maiestate  accepi,  et  vera  et  non  ficta  sunt, 
quse  firmiter  credere  debetis.  Et  commendo  me 
Dominacioni  Vestrre.  Ex  Turego,  xix  mensis  Junii, 
anno  xx°. 

" JOHANNES  ACER,  Secretarius  Cresareus." 

This  meeting  between  Charles  V.  (who  had 
shortly  before  been  raised  to  the  imperial 
throne  of  the  Holy  Roman  Empire,  i.e., 
Germany,  Italy,  Austria,  in  addition  to  his 
hereditary  states  of  Spain  and  the  Nether- 
lands, and  who  was  now  'on  his  way,  vid 
Ghent,  to  be  crowned  in  due  form  at  Aix-la- 
Chapelle)  and  Henry  VIII.  (who,  accompanied 
by  his  first  wife,  Catherine  of  Aragon,  wel- 
comed the  most  powerful  monarch  of  those 
times  on  English  soil,  at  Sandwich,  and 
entertained  him  for  three  days  at  Canter- 
bury) is  surely  most  interesting.  King 


and  emperor,  with  their  respective  retinues, 
remained  together  from  26  till  29  May 
(1520),  when  Charles  V.  sailed  for  Flanders. 
Among  the  jjroceres  forming  the  comitiva  on 
either  side  were  the  two  most  prominent 
statesmen  of  Europe  :  Cardinal  Wolsey,  Lord 
High  Chancellor  of  England,  and  Cardinal 
Ximenes,  Prime  Minister  of  the  Spanish  King 
and  German  Emperor.  The  share  taken  by 
Queen  Catherine  in  the  festivities  in  honour 
of  her  countrymen  would  form  a  luminous 
interval  in  the  accumulating  gloom  of  her 
life  at  a  period  when  the  mind  of  her  royal 
spouse  was  turning  to  the  assiduous  study  of 
ecclesiastical  law  with  a  view  to  freeing  him- 
self from  unloved  bonds.  The  circumstance 
that  it  took  his  imperial  majesty  three  days, 
from  29  May  to  1  June,  to  make  the  passage 
from  England — was  it  from  Sheerness?— to 
Flushing,  is  not  without  interest,  especially 
if  we  contrast  it  with  the  few  hours  now 
required  for  passing  from  Queen  borough  to 
Flushing.  CHARLES  A.  FEDERER. 

Bradford. 

BIGG,  THE  DINTON  HERMIT.  (See  10th  S. 
ii.  526.)— The  interesting  particulars  given 
by  the  REV.  JOHN  PICKFORD  concerning  the 
Dinton  hermit  at  the  above  reference  prompt 
me  to  say  that  a  portrait  of  this  remarkable 
man  and  a  representation  of  one  of  his 
shoes  appeared  in  vol.  iv.  No.  3  (1872)  of 
the  Records  of  Buckinghamshire.  They 
accompanied  a  paper  on  'Dinton  Hall  and 
Church,'  by  the  Rev.  C.  Lowndes,  M.A., 
F.R.A.S.,  from  which  I  venture  to  extract  the 
following  notes  : — 

"The  Dinton  Album  (at  Dinton  Hall)  contains 
a  statistical  account  of  Dinton  from  the  MSS.  of 
Browne  Willis  and  other  sources,  with  paintings  of 
many  objects  of  natural  history  and  other  memo- 
rabilia. It  was  commenced  in  the  year  1772  by  Sir 
John  Vanhattem,  and  the  paintings  were  done  for 
him  by  Mr.  Britten,  an  architect ;  those  in  the  time 
of  the  Rev.  William  Goodall  were  painted  by  him- 
self. 

"In  it  is  an  account  of  a  celebrated  character, 
John  Bigg,  the  hermit,  and  also  of  his  shoe;  of 
which  the  following  is  a  transcript : — 

'"Out  of  a  letter  wrote  to  me  by  Mr.  Tho:  Hearne, 
Keeper  of  the  Anatomy  School,  and  Sub-librarian 
of  the  Bodleian  Library.  Dated  Feb.  12,  1712-13, 
Oxon. 

"'Mr.  Prince  told  me  you  wanted  some  ace* 
of  the  Buckinghamshire  shoe  in  our  Bodleian  Re- 
pository. You  have  seen  it  more  than  once  and 
heard  the  ace*  of  it.  However,  for  better  satis- 
faction, I  shall  repeat  the  story,  viz.,  that  the  shoe 
is  vastly  large,  made  up  of  about  a  thousand 
patches  of  leather.  It  belong'd  to  John  Bigg,  who- 
was  clerk  to  Simon  Mayne,  of^  Dinton,  one  of  the 
Judges  that  gave  sentence  on  K.  Charles  first.  He 
liv'd  at  Dinton,  in  a  cave  underground,  had  been  a 
man  of  tolerable  wealth,  was  look'd  upon  as  a. 
pretty  good  scholar,  and  of  no  contemptible  parts. 


236 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [io*  s.  m.  AMML  15, 1905. 


Upon  the  Restoration  he  grew  melancholy,  betook 
himself  to  a  recluse  life ;  made  all  other  cloths  in 
the  same  manner  as  the  shoe,  lived  by  begging,  but 
never  ask'd  for  anything  but  leather  (which  he 
would  immediately  nail  to  his  clothes),  yet  kept 
three  bottles  that  hung  to  his  girdle,  viz.,  one  for 
strong  beer,  another  for  small  beer,  and  a  3rd  for 
milk,  which  liquors  us'd  to  be  given,  and  sometimes 
brought  to  him,  as  was  his  other  sustenance,  not- 
withstanding he  never  ask'd  for  them. 

"'I  have  heard  several  accts  of  this  man,  from 
those  who  well  knew  him  ;  some  persons  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Dinton  have  his  picture  drawn. 
He  put  off  all  his  cloths  at  once,  they  being  all 
fastened  together,  and  so  in  like  manner  put  them 
on.  He  was  by  relation  very  lewd,  if  he  could 
entice  women  into  his  cave.  (Mr.  Grubb,  of 
Horsington,  tells  me  now  that  he  well  remembers 
him,  and  Sir  Thomas  Lee,  of  Hartwell,  told  me  he 
had  often  been  frighted  by  him  when  he  was  a 
little  boy.)  In  the  summer  time  he  dwelt  some 
months  in  Kimbell  wood*,  as  I  have  been  told. 
He  was  buried  at  Dinton,  as  I  saw  in  that  church 
register,  Ap:  4,  1696. 

"  '  He  was  born  Aprill  22,  1629.  and  buried 
Aprill  4, 1696.' 

"  This  account  is  illustrated  by  paintings  of  John 
Bigg  and  his  shoe 

"  In  the  painting  of  John  Bigg  the  shoes  he  wears 
are  represented  as  having  very  thick  soles,  whereas 
the  shoes  themselves,  and  also  the  painting,  have 
no  conspicuous  soles.  One  of  the  shoes  is  still  pre- 
served at  the  Hall,  the  other  was  given  to  the 
Ashmolean  Library  at  Oxford,  and  an  old  shoe 
with  patten  of  a  different  date  was  given  in 
exchange. 

"According  to  common  report,  John  Bigg  was 
jointly  employed  as  clerk  or  secretary  by  Simon 
Mayne  and  Colonel  Dick  Ingoldsby,  who  had  two 
mansions  in  this  parish,  viz.,  Walridge  and  Park 
End." 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

On  my  visit  to  Dinton  Hall,  where  the 
other  shoe  of  John  Bigg  is  preserved,  the 
Rev.  J.  J.  Goodall  showed  me  the  broadsword 
•which  Oliver  Cromwell  wore  at  the  battle  of 
Naseby  in  1645,  and  left  as  an  heirloom  to 
the  house  of  Dinton  for  ever.  The  cave  or 
hermitage  where  Bigg  dwelt  has  long  since 
been  levelled  to  the  ground,  but  the  place 
where  it  was  situated  was  pointed  out  to  me, 
and  there  is  an  engraved  portrait  of  him  yet 
in  existence.  JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

TOPOGRAPHICAL  COLLECTIONS  FOR  COUNTIES. 
(See  8th  S.  ix.  361,  497 ;  x.  32  ;  9th  S.  iv.  402.) 
— I  am  sure  many  of  your  readers  interested 
in  general,  as  well  as  local,  history  will  be 
glad  to  be  referred  to  the  excellent  index 
which  Sir  Henry  Maxwell-Lyte  has  caused 
to  be  added  to  the  '  Sixteenth  Report  of  the 
Royal  Commission  on  Historical  MSS.'*  re- 
cently issued.  The  'Report'  gives,  in  some 


*  1904.  Command  Paper  2209.    Price  9eZ. 


120  pages,  an  account  of  the  many  collections 
reported  on  since  1899 ;  but  to  most  students 
the  forty  pages  of  index  will  bean  acquisition 
of  far  greater  value,  and  prove  a  book  which 
they  must  constantly  have  at  hand,  since 
they  will  there  find  the  clue  to  the  whole  of 
the  volumes  issued  by  the  Commission  up  to 
July,  1904. 

There  are  two  very  great  improvements  on 
the  index  to  the  '  Fifteenth  Report.'  In  the 
first  place,  the  periods  covered  by  the  MSS. 
of  the  several  collections  are  approximately 
stated.  In  the  second,  "  the  more  consider- 
able groups  of  papers  comprised  in  them" 
are  indicated,  as  well  as  their  places  of 
deposit. 

A  third  should  perhaps  also  be  mentioned, 
that  the  whole  of  the  collections  are  indexed 
in  one  series,  instead  of  the  '  Family  Collec- 
tions '  being  separated  from  the  '  Collections 
of  Corporations,  Collegiate  Bodies,  &c.' 

The  topographical  index  is,  naturally, 
brought  up  to  date.  Q.  V. 

ALL  FOOLS'  DAY.— It  is  fully  half  a  cen- 
tury ago  since  I  left  school,  but  it  is  well 
within  my  recollection  that  the  practice  of 
playing  pranks  upon  one's  fellow-pupils  on 
1  April  was  not  permissible  after  noontide. 
Then  those  who  had  been  tricked  by  their 
companions  were  pointed  at  by  the  latter, 
and  the  following  somewhat  dense  couplet 
hurled  at  them  : — 

April 's  gone,  and  May 's  come  ; 
You're  a  fool  and  I 'm  none  ! 

HARRY  HEMS. 

Fair  Park,  Exeter. 

In  Derbyshire  April  Fool  Day  ended  at 
noon,  and  amongst  children  any  one  after 
that  hour  "  trying  it  on  "  is  greeted  with  : — 

April  Fool  Day  past  an'  gone, 
You're  ten  fools  for  makin'  me  one  ! 

Another  saying  is  : — 

April  Fool  Day  past  an'  gone, 
You  the  bigger  for  makin'  me  one  ; 
Five  shillings  is  a  crown, 
You  're  the  biggest  in  the  town  ! 

THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 
Worksop. 

SIR  ROBERT  SHIRLEY.  —  The  following 
particulars  seem  to  have  escaped  the  notice 
of  Sir  Robert's  biographers. 

After  the  death  of  Stephen  Kakas  de 
Zalankemeny  (the  Hungarian  ambassador  of 
the  Emperor  Rudolph  II.  to  Shah  Abbas  I.) 
his  servants,  George  Tectander  von  der  Jabel 
and  George  Agelastes,  continued  the  journey 
from  Lanzan,  where  their  master  died  and 
was  buried  on  26  October,  1603,  to  Kasbin  in 


10*8.  HI.  APRIL  15, 1905.]       NOTES  AND   QUERIES. 


287 


company  of  "Don  Robert  Shirley,  brother 
of  the  tetgnew  Anglais,  who  has  gone 
to  Vienna."  They  reached  Kasbin  on 
1  November,  and  soon  after  their  arrival 
George  Agelastes  died  of  scarlatina.  Tec- 
tander  remained  at  the  place  four  days,  and 
had  to  continue  the  journey  alone,  as  Robert 
Shirley  had  left  him,  and  handed  him  to  a 
seigneur  persan,  who  was  to  accompany  him 
to  Tauris  and  present  him  to  Shah  Abbas. 

Cf.   "Iter  Persicum Traduction   publiee 

par  Ch.  Schefer,"  Paris,  1877,  pp.  42,  46. 

L.  L.  K. 

PSEUDONYMS. — I  venture  to  protest  against 
'  Gray's  Elegy  '  (see  ante,  p.  69)  being  used  as 
a  pseudonym.  The  real  '  Gray's  Elegy  '  crops 
up  for  query  and  reply  from  time  to  time  in 
'  N.  &  Q.' ;  e.g.,  in  the  indexes  of  the  last  two 
volumes  there  are  four  references  to  it. 

When  the  index  of  vol.  iii.  appears  there 
•will  be  among  the  items  'Gray's  Elegy  on 
Tyrrell  Family.'  Indexes  are  difficult  enough 
to  make,  and  troublesome  enough  for  refer- 
ence, without  useless  confusion  being  intro- 
duced. ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
m  order  that  the  answers  may  be  sent  to  them 
direct. 

LOCAL  GOVERNMENT  RECORDS. — We  venture 
to  appeal  through  your  far-reaching  columns 
for  some  indispensable  help  in  a  matter  of 
historical  research.  We  have  been  for  some 
years  engaged  on  a  comprehensive  '  History 
of  English  Local  Government  from  1689.' 
For  this  we  have  studied  the  MS.  archives  of 
Quarter  Sessions  and  other  local  authorities 
in  many  parts  of  the  kingdom.  We  have 
failed  (with  insignificant  exceptions)  to  dis- 
cover any  records  of  the  orders  or  other 
groceedings  of  the  Justices  in  Petty  or 
pecial  Sessions,  though  at  these  meetings 
much  administrative  business  was  transacted 
(notably  Poor  Law,  Highways,  Licensing, 
Militia,  &c.). 

We  should  be  very  grateful  if  any  one 
possessing  any  such  records  prior  to  1835,  or 
knowing  of  their  existence,  would  com- 
municate with  us. 

We  have  also  practically  no  records  of  the 
proceedings  of  individual  justices,  though 
these  were  constantly  urged  to  keep  diaries 
of  their  action  as  justices.  One  such  diary 
by  members  of  the  Mosley  family,  1616-23, 
has  been  published  by  the  Lancashire  and 


Cheshire  Record  Society.  Another,  'The 
Diary  of  a  Gloucestershire  Justice,'  was  the 
subject  of  two  articles  in  The  Law  Maga- 
zine of  1837  (of  this  we  should  like  to  see  the 
original).  We  believe  that  many  other  diaries 
or  notebooks  kept  by  justices  must  exist; 
these  would  probably  yield  valuable  evidence 
of  the  care  with  which  most  rural  magistrates 
performed  their  duties. 

Old  pamphlets  (1689-1835)  on  the  work  of 
justices  or  on  the  expenditure  of  Quarter 
Sessions  would  greatly  help  us.  One  such 
('  Observations  upon  the  Institution  of 
Unpaid  Justices  of  the  Peace ')  was  reviewed 
in  The  Times,  4  May,  1829,  but  cannot  now 
be  discovered. 

SIDNEY  AND  BEATRICE  WEBB. 

41,  Grosvenor  Road,  S.W. 

PORTRAITS  WHICH  HAVE  LED  TO  MARRIAGES. 
— Can  any  readers  give  me  information  re- 
garding portraits  which  have  led  to  the 
marriage  of  the  originals  1  An  instance  that 
occurs  to  me  is  Mr.  Watts's  portrait  of 
Miss  Pattle,  with  which  tradition  says  Lord 
Somers  fell  in  love.  R.  DE  C. 

"BORN  ON  HOLY  THURSDAY,  AND  IDLE."— 
Strange  sayings  drop  now  and  then  from 
people's  lips.  A  workman,  speaking  about 
another  whom  he  called  "  a  shack,"  said  the 
reason  was  that  the  man  was  "  born  on  Holy 
Thursday,  and  idle."  Is  it  known  else- 
where? THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 

Worksop. 

NEWSPAPER  "EDITIONS." — What  is  a  news- 
paper "edition"?  The  query  is  prompted 
by  the  announcement  which  appeared  in  a 
London  evening  journal  on  11  March,  that 

"on  and  after  Tuesday  there  will  be  five  editions 
of  the  paper  instead  of  three  as  at  present,  and  the 

names  and  times  will  be  slightly  changed The 

editions  will  be  named  third  edition,  fifth  edition, 
early  special,  five  o'clock,  and  special." 

There  are  thus  no  first,  second,  or  fourth 
editions  ;  and  it  may  be  asked  when  the  prac- 
tice of  dropping  such  began.  A.  F.  R. 

MRS.  SMITH  AS  SYLVIA  IN  *CYMON.'— 
This  lady  is  stated  in  Mathews's  '  Catalogue 
Raisonne '  to  have  made  her  first  appearance 
at  Drury  Lane,  1772,  in  the  above  character, 
and  to  have  been  "pretty,  with  innocent 
figure,  and  a  fine  singer."  What  else  is 
recorded  of  her  apart  from  Genest's  account 
of  her  appearances  up  to  1775]  R.  W. 

HELVELLYN.— Is  there  no  earlier  form  of 
the  name  of  this  Cumberland  High  Peak 
recorded  ?  and  is  Isaac  Taylor's  obvious  ex- 
planation of  the  original  meaning  of  Hel- 


288 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [io«- s.  m.  APBIL  15,  IMS. 


vellyn,  viz.,  as  "Yellow  mountain"  (alluding 
to  its  "  gorse-covered  slopes  "),  now  generally 
accepted  1  (See  his  '  Names  and  their  His- 
tory,' second  ed.,  1898.) 

If  the  first  part  of  this  name  Hel  can  be 
identified  with  a  Gaelic  and  Old  Irish  obsolete 
word  ai7  =  rock  (v.  Al.  Macbain's  '  Gaelic  Dic- 
tionary/ Inverness,  1896),  and  if  the  second 
part  vellyn  is  =  Cymric  or  Welsh  melyn,  yellow 
(initial  m  being  changed  in  to/ or  v,  according 
to  the  Cymric  law  of  mutation),  the  name 
would  evidently  denote  Yellow  rock.  The 
Cymric  noun  llel,&  meadow  or  dale,  occurring 
in  O.  Pughe's  '  Welsh  Diet.,'  could  hardly  be 
applied  to  the  summit  or  peak  of  a  mountain. 
It  seems  strange  that  so  few  ancient  Cymric 
local  names  appear  to  have  been  preserved  in 
Cumberland  (besides  Helvellyn,  for  instance, 
Penrith),  since  this  region  was  early  cut  off 
from  the  principality  of  Cymru,  and  popu- 
lated by  Anglian  and  Norse  settlers,  who 
must  have  replaced  the  old  by  new  local 
names. 

After  I  had  written  the  above,  my  attention 
was  kindly  drawn  (by  the  editor  of  the  great, 
and  now  happily  finished  '  E.D.D.,'  Prof.  J. 
Wright)  to  B.  Ferguson's  'Dialect  of  Cum- 
berland." This  Cumberland  glossary,  printed 
at  Carlisle  in  1873,  contains  a  welcome  supple- 
mentary chapter  on  its  place-  (and  river-) 
names.  They  appear  to  be  thoroughly  in- 
vestigated and  elucidated,  both  regarding 
the  Celtic  and  Old  Norse  sources  of  their 
origin.  However,  this  book  does  not  record 
nor  deal  with  our  Celtic  mountain-name  in 
question,  Helvellyn.  H.  KREBS. 

"  WARM   SUMMER   SUN."  —  The   following 
lines  were  inscribed  by  Mark  Twain  upon 
his  daughter's  gravestone  ;  but  he  does  not 
know  their  author.     What  was  his  name  ? — 
Warm  summer  sun, 
Shine  kindly  here. 
Warm  southern  wind, 
Blow  softly  here. 
Green  sod  above, 
Lie  light,  lie  light. 
Good- night,  dear  heart, 
Good-night— good-night. 

D.  M. 
Philadelphia. 

JUVENAL  TRANSLATED  BY  WORDSWORTH. — 
I  have  seen  a  statement  that  Wordsworth 
once  attempted  a  translation  of  Juvenal. 
Has  it  ever  been  published  ?  and,  if  so,  is  it 
now  obtainable  ?  KOM  OMBO. 

WEATHERCOCK.  —  Why  "weather,"  seeing 
that  it  indicates  nothing  but  wind  1  True, 
we  speak  of  "wind  and  weather,"  yet  the 
very  combination  implies  a  distinction. 


Nevertheless,    when    a     sailor     speaks    of 
"weather"  he  is  thinking  chiefly  of  wind. 

SHACKLEWELL.  —  In  one  of  his  whimsical 
papers  Wainewright  mentions  his  many 
walks  with  Charles  Lamb  about  Shacklewell. 
I  often  tread  the  classic  ground  of  Shackle- 
well  Lane,  where  I  believe  Elia  lived  during 
the  most  distressing  period  of  his  life,  and 
where  the  tragedy  that  nearly  wrecked  his 
life  happened.  Will  some  student  of  Eliana 
be  good  enough  to  tell  me  where  the  famous 
old  house  may  be,  that  I  may  seize  the  first 
opportunity  to  visit  it  1 

M.  L.  E,  BRESLAR. 

[Lamb  when  his  sister  killed  his  mother  was 
living  at  Little  Queen  Street,  Holborn.] 

DRYDEN'S  SISTERS. — I  should  be  glad  to 
know  if  any  late  works  have  thrown  any 
new  light  on  the  subject  of  the  _  sisters  of 
John  Dryden,  the  poet,  who  are  said  to  have 
married  London  tradesmen,  but  concerning 
whom  few  details  are  given.  A.  F.  R— N. 

MRS.  HUMBY,  ACTRESS. — Is  anything  known 
of  this  lady  beyond  the  somewhat  meagre 
account  of  her  in  the  '  Diet.  Nat.  Biog.'  by 
Mr.  Joseph  Knight?  It  seems  incredible  that 
there  is  no  record  of  the  later  years  nor  of 
the  date  of  the  death  of  so  distinguished  an 
actress,  the  contemporary  of  Macready,  Listpn, 
Fawcett,  and  other  celebrated  players  with 
whose  lives  we  are  familiar.  On  the  death 
of  her  first  husband  Mrs.  Humby  married 
again,  but  it  seems  scarcely  probable  that 
she  relinquished  the  name  by  which  she  had 
been  known  ever  since  her  first  appearance 
on  the  stage. 

What  was  the  name  of  Mrs.  Humby's 
second  husband?  If  this  were  known  it 
might  be  possible  to  trace  the  date  of  her 
decease.  JOHN  HEBB. 

"LEDIG":  "LEISURE":  "LiCERE."  — 
Brachet,  s.v.  loisir,  connects  this  with  Lat. 
licere.  So  Skeat,  s.v.  leisure.  But  Kluge, 
'Diet.'  (1891),  s.v.  ledig,  connects  this  with 
O.  Icel.  lifagr,  free,  untrammelled  ;  Mid.  E. 
leQi,  a.,  unoccupied,  and  lethe,  sb.,  spare 
time;  and  doubtfully  with  A.-S.  unlcede,  un- 
happy, or  Lat.  liber  (for  lethero),  free.  Which 
authority  is  right  ?  T.  WILSON. 

[The  'N.E.D.,'  under  leisure,  says  the  word  is 
adopted  from  O.F.  leisir  (mod.  F.  loisir],  subst.  use 
of  the  infinitive  leisir,  representing  L.  licere,  to  be 
permitted.] 

VALUE  OF  MONEY  IN  SHAKESPEARE'S  TIME. 
—Mr.  Sidney  Lee,  in  his  'Life  of  Shakespeare,' 
estimates  Shakespeare's  income  in  1599  at 


io*  s.  m.  APRIL  is,  1905.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


289 


£.,  which  he  says  is  "equal  to  1,040£.  of 
to-day."  Other  writers  vary  in  regard  to  the 
equivalent  of  to-day.  Eight  times  appears 
to  me  too  high.  I  should  like  to  have  some 
authority  for  such  an  estimate.  By  consider- 
ing what  was  paid  for  entrance  into  the 
public  theatres,  such  as  the  Globe,  where  the 
charge  varied  from  2d.  to  2s.  6c?.,  we  must 
be  astonished  by  the  wealth  of  the  public 
in  Shakespeare's  day,  who  could  pay  from 
Is.  4d.  to  20s.  for  permission  to  see  a  stage 
play.  Turning  to  Adam  Smith's  '  Wealth  of 
Nations '  (chap,  xi.),  I  find  that  the  price  of 
butcher-meat  was  then  about  4d.  to  5d.  per 
pound,  and  wheat  was  4s.  2d.  per  bushel. 
Butcher- meat  has  more  than  doubled,  but 
wheat  has  practically  remained  unchanged. 
Labour  has  been  paid  an  increase  of  probably 
six  times.  Under  these  different  and  varying 
values,  what  is  a  correct  estimate  of,  say,  a 
pound  sterling  of  Shakespeare's  time  in  the 
equivalent  value  of  to-day1?  and  how  is  the 
estimate  arrived  at  ?  D.  K.  CLARK. 

Glasgow. 

[See  9th  S.  xi.  393  and  the  earlier  references  there 
cited.] 

TWITCHEL.— At  Shillington,  Beds,  there  is 
a  narrow  pathway  bearing  this  quaint  name, 
about  which  tradition  is  silent.  It  has  a 
hedge  on  either  side,  and  leads  down  the 
hillside  from  the  ancient  church  to  the  high 
road.  Can  any  one  enlighten  me  on  the 
subject  ?  CONSTANCE  ISHERWOOD. 

Meppershall  Rectory,  Beds. 

ARMORIAL.— Can  you  refer  me  to  any  book 
which  gives  the  year  in  which  armorial 
bearings  were  granted  to  various  families, 
together  with  the  Christian  name  and  address 
of  the  person  to  whom  granted  ?  If  no  such 
book  be  published,  are  there  any  records  kept 
in  the  British  Museum  (or  other)  Library  to 
which  reference  can  be  made  by  the  public  1 

R.  G.  H. 

SCRIPTURES  IN  GAELIC.  —  Where  can  one 
find  the  most  complete  catalogue  of  the 
translations  of  the  Biole,  or  parts  of  it,  in  the 
Gaelic  of  Eireland,  Man,  and  Scotland  ? 

E.  S.  DODGSON. 

THEATRE  PARKGATE.—  Having  a  few  play- 
bills of  this  theatre,  I  am  seeking  to  identify 
its  locality,  but  so  far  without  success.  The 
entertainment,  consisting  of  a  comedy,  a 
farce,  with  a  few  songs  as  an  interlude, 
commenced  at  seven  o'clock,  and  was  given 
at  various  dates  during  the  summer  of  1811. 
The  same  company  appeared  throughout  the 
season,  with  Mr.  Koscoe  and  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Edwards  taking  the  principal  parts.  The 


I  prices  of  admission  were  pit  2s.,  gallery  Is. 
"Tickets  to  be  had  cf  Mr.  Edwards,  at  Mr. 
T.  Brown's,  Drury  Lane  ;  at  Mr.  J.  Davies, 
Grocer  ;  and  at  Mrs.  Hall,  Milliner."  The 
bills  are  printed  by  "  Carnes,  Holy  well." 

The  two  most  obvious  suggestions  are  that 
this  theatre  was  situated  either  at  Notting- 
ham, from  the  address  and  that  of  the 
printer,  or  at  Knightsbridge,  equally  from 
the  address  and  the  fact  that  tickets  could 
be  obtained  in  London.  Perhaps  some  student 
of  dramatic  history  will  oblige  by  identify- 
ing its  correct  locality. 

ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

39,  Hillmarton  Road,  N. 

QuENTERY  OR  QUAINTRY. — I  am  anxious, 
if  possible,  to  discover  if  this  family  name 
is  common  in  any  part  of  England  or  Scot- 
land. I  have  come  across  it  in  arranging 
our  parish  records,  and  the  family  appear 
to  have  been  strangers  here.  Is  it  Lowland 
Scotch,  or  a  corruption  of  Queen  -  tree= 
Queen  Post  ?  The  only  male  members  of  the 
family,  father  and  son,  were  carpenters. 

W.  NORTH,  M.A. 
Public  Offices,  Dyne  Road,  Kilburn,  N.W. 


'THE   LASS   OF   RICHMOND   HILL.' 
(10th  S.  iii.  66.) 

I  INSERTED  a  query  anent  the  above  in 
Yorkshire  Notes  and  Qiteries  some  months 
ago,  and  in  my  November  issue  my  friend 
Dr.  George  Severs  replied  thereto.  As 
this  reply  contains  information  which  did 
not  appear  during  the  lengthy  controversy 
on  the  subject  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  some  years  ago, 
and  as  it  (in  my  opinion)  settles  a  very  much 
disputed  question,  I  shall  be  obliged  if  you 
will  insert  it  in  'N.  &  Q.'  :— 

"  Disputes  have  often  arisen  between  Yorkshire- 
men  and  Surreyites  as  to  whether  Yorkshire  or 
Surrey  could  claim  the  above  song.  The  Yorkshire- 
men  have  been  quite  sure  that  the  Hill  referred  to 
was  in  Yorkshire,  while  the  men  of  Surrey  were 
equally  certain  that  it  was  on  the  banks  of  the 
Thames.  That  the  Yorkshiremen  have  the  right  to 
claim  both  the  hill  and  the  lass  is  proved  without 
the  least  shadow  of  doubt  by  the  following  facts, 
which  are  taken  partly  from  a  paper  by  Mr. 
John  Gates  in  The  Genealogical  Magazine  for  Sep- 
tember, 1903,  and  partly  from  -Mr.  Harry  Speight's 
'  Romantic  Richmondshire,'  p.  87. 

"  The  song  was  written  by  Leonard  MacNally,  a 
clever  and  witty  barrister-at-law  and  solicitor.  It 
was  first  printed  in  The  Public  Advertiser  of  Mon« 
day,  August  3rd,  1789.  It  was  set  to  music  by  James 
Hook,  a  popular  composer,  father  of  the  famous 
Theodore  Hook,  and  grandfather  of  the  late  Dean 
of  Chichester,  formerly  vicar  of  Leeds,  Yorkshire, 


290 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [io*  s.  in.  APML  is,  IMS. 


the  county  which  gives  the  title  to  the  Duke  of 
Richmond — the  latter,  erroneously  also,  claimed  by 
some  south-country  folk  to  refer  to  Surrey. 

"The  song  was  sung  by  Incledon  at  Vauxhall 
Gardens,  then  in  the  last  days  of  their  glory. 
Incledon  is  said  to  have  sung  the  song  in  such  a 
fascinating  manner  that  it  led  to  a  superior  and 
permanent  engagement  at  Covent  Garden  Theatre, 
where  he  first  appeared  in  October,  1790,  as  Dermot 
in  the  '  Poor  Soldier.'  The  heroine  of  the  song  was 
Frances  I'Anson.  She  was  born  at  Leyburn,  \ork- 
shire,  on  October  17th,  1766,  and  was  baptised  at 
Wensley  on  November  llth,  1766.  These  dates,  and 
also  the  date  of  her  marriage  and  death,  are  on 
record  in  the  College  of  Arms.  The  heralds  also 
officially  recognise  Frances  I'Anson  as  the  heroine 
of  the  above  song.  In  vol.  vii.  of  'The  Visitation 
of  England  and  Wales,'  edited  by  the  late  Dr. 
Howard,  Maltravers  Herald  Extraordinary,  and 
Mr.  Crisp,  F.S.A.,  of  Denmark  Hill,  London,  pub- 
lished in  1899,  there  is  a  portrait  of  Frances  I'Anson. 

"  Frances  was  the  daughter  of  William  I'Anson, 
who  had  married  Miss  Hutchinson,  of  Hill  House, 
Richmond,  Yorkshire,  where  they  afterwards  re- 
sided. Miss  Hutchinson  was  an  heiress,  and  brought 
her  husband  a  fortune  of  lO.OOOZ.  A  few  years  later 
the  family  removed  to  Bedford  Row,  Bloom sbury, 
London,  where  he  was  known  for  many  years  as  an 
eminent  attorney  of  the  Court  of  King's  Bench. 
They  retained  Hill  House,  Richmond,  as  their 
country  house.  It  was  at  the  house  of  her  father 
VI  XT  ord  Row  that  Miss  I'Anson  first  met  Leonard 
MacNally.  The  words  of  the  song  which  MacNally 
wrote  in  her  honour  sufficiently  express  his  feelings 
towards  her,  and  it  is  satisfactory  to  learn  that  the 
pair  were  shortly  afterwards  married,  and,  we  hope, 
*  lived  happy  ever  after.' 

"The  family  of  I'Anson  is,  according  to  Burke, 
descended  from  a  family  of  that  name  in  France, 
with  the  title  of  Marquis  or  Count  de  Tourban. 
bir  Bryan  I'Anson  was  knighted  by  King  James. 
He  was  living  in  1633.  The  I'Anson  family  is  con- 
nected by  marriage  with  the  following  families : 
Marquess  of  Normanby,  Hampton-Lewis  (of  Bodior, 
Anglesey),  and  Biddulph.  The  nearest  representa- 
tive at  this  day  of  the  '  Lass  of  Richmond  Hill'  is 
Dr.  William  A.  I'Anson,  of  Dentou  Hall,  North- 
umberland. 

''Hill  House,  the  old  family  seat  of  the  I'Ansons 
at  Richmond,  stands  on  the  highest  point  of  ground 
above  the  town.  In  later  years  this  house  was 
occupied  by  Sir  Ralph  Milbanke  Noel,  whose  only 
daughter  became  the  wife  of  Lord  Byron,  the  cele- 
brated poet.  Many  of  the  poet's  letters  and  verses 
were  addressed  to  Miss  Noel  at  the  Hill  House, 
Richmond. 

n/<Tnhe  brother  of  the  'Lass  of  Richmond  Hill,' 
,noX  T°Tmas  I  Anson»  was  Mayor  of  Richmond  in 
1780.  He  lived  in  the  Priory  House  at  Richmond, 
which  was  built  by  Mr.  Wynn,  grandfather  of 
another  celebrated  Yorkshire  lass— Dorothy  Wynd- 
low  Pattison,  better  known  as  '  Sister  Dora  ' 

"London."  "G.  SEVERS,  M.R.C.S. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

This  complex  subject  is  divisible  into  three 
sections,  viz.,  the  individual  "Lass."  *^~ 
locality,  the  "  song." 

I  'd  crown  resign  to  call  her  mine, 

Sweet  Lass  of  Richmond  Hill. 


the 


Claimants  herein  are  Miss  Cropp,  of  Rich- 
mond, Surrey  (she  formed  the  subject  of  a 
song,  with  a  pun  on  a  "plentiful  crop"  of 
babies) ;  Mrs.  Fitz  -  Herbert ;  Miss  Smith ; 
Lady  Sarah  Bunbury,  nee  Lennox,  so  a 
Richmond  in  propria  persona, ;  Hannah 
Lightfoot;  Miss  I'Anson, of  Richmond,  Yorks. 
Of  these,  the  "crown"  commemorated  in 
song  applies  to  King  George  III.  when 
young,  as  confirmed  by  the  Lennox  and 
Lightfoot  insertions.  The  question  of  locality 
is  limited  to  the  two  counties  here  defined. 
The  "song"  has  been  ascribed  to  Leonard 
McNally,  an  Irish  barrister,  born  1752,  died 
1820 ;  it  was  produced  at  Vauxhall  in  1789, 
from  music  set  by  James,  father  of  the  mer- 
curial Theodore  Hook  :  and  rival  claimants 
to  the  verses  are  named  Maurice  and  Upton. 
But  McNally  married  the  Miss  I'Anson  above 
named,  to  whom  he  ascribed  his  inspiration. 
I  am  informed  that  a  distinguished  ecclesio- 
logist  named  Warren,  who  contributed  to 
4  N.  &  Q.,'  was  connected  with  the  I'Ansons, 
and  his  relatives  may  be  induced  to  produce 
evidence  herein.  A.  HALL. 


"  THE  GENTLE  SHAKESPEARE  "  (10th  S.  iii.  69, 
169). — As  the  propounder  of  the  query  on  the 
above  subject,  may  I  be  permitted  to  thank 
those  writers,  including  the  contributor  of 
the  editorial  foot-note,  who  have  so  kindly 
endeavoured  to  remove  the  doubts  and  satisfy 
the  "obstinate  questionings"  which  sug- 
gested it,  and  to  explain  why  none  of  their 
kindly  efforts  has  brought  me  peace  of 
mind  ? 

And  first  as  to  the  friendly  foot-note.  I 
was  aware,  of  course,  of  the  dictionary  mean- 
ing of  the  word  "gentle,"  as  indicative  "of 
a  character  appropriate  to  good  birth."  But 
my  difficulty  in  regard  to  its  application  to 
Shakespeare  was  that  he  (if  the  Stratford 
man)  was  not  "a  man  of  good  birth."  I  was 
also  aware  that  the  adjective  was  a  term  of 
compliment  applied  (chiefly  by  poets)  to 
ladies,  maidens,  and  certain  classes  of 
persons — as  shepherds — engaged  in  callings 
for  which  gentleness  of  manner  and  disposi- 
tion was  a  conventional  qualification.  But 
Shakespeare  (of  Stratford)  was  not  one  who 
could  be  included  in  this  category.  And  if  he 
was  not  this,  and  if  he  was  not  (according 
to  Jonson)  either  heraldically  or  naturally 
"  gentle,"  I  am  still  left  in  dubiety. 

MR.  REGINALD  HAINES  seeks  to  reassure 
me,  apparently,  by  disputing  the  facts  out  of 
which  my  doubts  arise.  He  maintains  that 
the  Shakespeares  of  Stratford  were  entitled 
to  bear  arms,  and  that  William  was,  both  in 
that  respect  and  by  disposition,  entitled  to 


M<"s.  in.  APRIL  is,  1905.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


291 


the  term  "gentle."  But  this  does  not  help 
me.  It  is  Jonson's  view  of  the  case  which 
puzzles  me.  He  (if  what  is  asserted  of  him 
is  true)  had  been  ridiculing  the  actor's  claim 
to  heraldic  gentility  all  his  life,  and  applying 
to  him  terms  the  opposite  of  "gentle"  as 
regards  his  character.  Yet  here  (in  the 
verses  under  the  figure)  we  find  that  epithet 
applied  by  him  to  "Shakespeare,"  and  not 
only  applied,  but,  as  it  appears  to  me, 
specially  selected,  as  if  to  distinguish  the 
person  addressed  from  some  other  "Shake- 
speare" who  was  not  "gentle." 

Of  course,  I  may  be  all  wrong,  and  this  may 
be  one  of  the  mental  "  vagaries "  which  so 
amaze  MR.  HAINES.  But  amazement  in  one 
mind  at  processes  of  reasoning  in  the  minds 
of  others  does  not  necessarily  show  those 
processes  to  be  wrong.  And  when  those 
others  happen  to  be,  as  MR.  HAINES  says, 
"eminent  judges  and  members  of  the  legal 
profession  "  (not  my  case),  the  fact  should,  I 
think,  arouse  other  sentiments  rather  than 
"amazement,"  and  suggest  the  possibility  at 
least  of  some  error  on  the  part  of  the 
observer. 

But  to  proceed — perhaps  to  some  other 
*' vagary."  For  my  part,  I  cannot  bring 
myself  to  consider  the  application  of  the 
term  "generosus"  or  "gent."  to  the  actor 
in  his  will  and  elsewhere  as  sufficient  to 
justify  Jonson's  marked  attributive  in  the 
lines  beneath  the  figure.  Such  complimentary 
terms  were,  even  in  James  I.'s  time,  as  now, 
liberally  bestowed  in  legal  documents,  and 
would  certainly  not  be  omitted  in  the  case  of 
the  Stratford  rentier,  ambitious  of  the  title. 
But  though,  as  I  have  said,  it  does  not  affect 
my  point,  is  MR.  HAIXES  correct  in  saying 
that  "  the  grant  of  arms  was  confirmed  to 
John  Shakspere  in  1599'"?  This  is  quite 
contrary  to  all  I  have  ever  read.  Mr. 
Halliwell  -  Phillipps  denies  it,  and  even 
ridicules  the  claim,  declaring  both  the 
Shakespeare  and  the  Arden  families  "  really 
descended  from  obscure  English  country 
yeomen."  The  poet's  relatives,  it  is  true,  as 
he  informs  us,  "assumed  the  right  to  the 
coat  suggested  in  1596,"  and  this  accounts  for 
the  arms  on  the  monument ;  but  the  grant, 
he  tells  us,  was  never  ratified. 

But  MR.  HAINES  remarks  that  in  the  First 
Folio  the  epithet  ("gentle")  occurs  again  in 
connexion  with  "Shakespeare."  And  so  it 
does.  But  this  only  increases  my  perplexity. 
For  not  only  does  Jpnson  here  apply  the 
word  "gentle"  to  the  (in  his  opinion)  ungentle 
object  (if  "  Shakespeare  "  stands  for  the  Strat- 
ford man),  but  he  applies  other  terms  to  him 
equally  inconsistent  with  what  is  commonly 


believed  and  affirmed  of  the  Stratford  Shake- 
speare. He  speaks  of  his  "  art "  (in  the 
passage  quoted  by  MR.  HAINES)  : — 

Thy  art, 
My  gentle  Shakespeare,  must  enjoy  a  part. 

Now  that  is  just  what  the  Stratford  Shake- 
speare was  supposed  to  be  wanting  in.  Hia 
genius  was  sucn  that  he  required  no  "  art." 
All  he  wrote,  we  are  told,  came  from  him 
naturally  and  spontaneously.  He  never 
"  blotted  a  line,"  and  had  no  need  to  revise. 
But  the  "  Shakespeare "  whom  Jonson  ad- 
dressed, and  whom  he  seems  to  distinguish 
from  some  other  by  calling  him  emphatically 
"  mi/  gentle  Shakespeare,"  was  indebted,  he 
gives  us  to  understand,  as  much  to  "art" 
as  to  genius.  He  blotted  many  lines,  he 
"sweated"  over  his  work,  "striking  the 
second  heat  upon  the  Muses'  anvil,"  and  all 
his  writings  underwent  laborious  revision. 
This,  I  say,  only  increases  my  perplexity. 
So  also  does  the  mysterious  paragraph  in  the 
'  Discoveries '  headed  "  De  Shakespeare  nos- 
trat."  For  of  what  "  Shakespeare  "  is  Jonson 
here  speaking  1  It  is  evident  (to  me  at  least) 
that  to  Jonson  "  Shakespeare  "  represented  a 
double  personality,  or  else  why  the  dis- 
criminative adjectives  "  my,"  as  above,  and 
"nostrati"  here,  whatever  meaning  we  may 
choose  to  attach  to  the  latter  ]  If  there  had 
been  but  one  Shakespeare,  why  was  a  quali- 
fication necessary  1 

The  other  references  to  "  Shakespeare  " 
mentioned  by  MR.  HAINES  are  evidently 
intended  for  the  author  of  the  plays.  The 
author  of  the  plays  no  doubt,  as  Denham 
wrote,  had  a  "gentler  muse"  than  Jonson, 
who  was  unsparing  and  often  virulent  in  his 
satire.  But  that  does  not  tell  us  the  author 
of  the  plays  was  the  Stratford  man.  And  so 
of  the  other  epithets  bestowed  upon  "  Shake- 
speare" by  his  contemporaries.  As  for  the 
occurrence  of  the  word  "  gentle  "  and  the  like 
so  frequently  in  "  Shakespeare,"  and  the  con- 
stant inculcation  of  "gentleness"  in  the 
plays,  that  again  but  adds  to  my  trouble. 
For  it  is  more  difficult  to  conceive  them  as 
coming  from  the  man  whose  "  saucy  jests  " 
Jonson  alludes  to,  and  who  was,  in  his  view, 
the  chief  of  the  "  Poet-apes," 

whose  forked  tongues 

Are  steeped  in  venom,  as  their  hearts  in  gall, 
described  in  '  The  Poetaster,'  than  from  the 
great  philosopher,  who,  according  to  those 
who  best  knew  him,  was  all  gentleness,  and 
"  whose  principal  fault,"  according  to  Addi- 
son,  "was  the  excess  of  virtue  which  covers 
a  multitude  of  faults." 

But  I  have  said  so  much  in  reply  to  MR. 
HAINES  that  I  fear  being  refused  space  for 


292 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [io»  s.  HI.  APRIL  is,  1905. 


anything  more.  I  should  like,  however,  to 
say,  in  reference  to  MR.  BAYLEY'S  reminder 
as  to  "Shakespeare's"  love  of  field  sports, 
that  of  course,  if  we  assume,  as  Vice- 
Chancellor  Madden  does  in  his  charming 
romance,  that  the  plays  were  written  by 
Shakespeare  of  Stratford,  there  is  plenty  of 
evidence  in  them  that  he  was  a  gentle  follower 
of  them.  But  if  we  assume  that,  then  there 
is  an  end  of  all  discussion.  That  is  the  whole 
point.  But,  without  that  assumption,  there 
is  no  particle  of  evidence  to  show  that  the 
Stratford  youth  had  any  knowledge  of,  or 
love  for,  field  sports  of  any  kind,  unless  it 
be  the  tradition  which  connects  him  with 
poaching  forays  in  the  Charlcote  preserves. 
And  this  tradition  is,  I  believe,  generally 
repudiated  by  his  admirers.  Field  sports 
were  certainly  not  amongst  the  accomplish- 
ments proper  to  the  class  whence  the  Strat- 
ford actor  sprang,  and  it  is  difficult  to  see 
how  in  his  busy  afterlife  he  could  obtain  a 
knowledge  of  them.  The  field  sports  argu- 
ment, therefore,  is  to  me  another  perplexity, 
except  on  the  hypothesis  of  the  Baconian 
authorship.  Bacon,  who  included  hunting, 
hawking,  fishing,  and  the  like  amongst  his 
"omne  scibile,"  would,  of  course,  know  all 
about  these  pursuits  theoretically ;  whilst 
his  social  position  and  surroundings  would 
necessarily  have  familiarized  him  with  the 
practice  of  them.  They  were  in  his  days  an 
indispensable  part  of  a  gentleman's  education. 

To  ME.  CLARK  I  would  say  that,  whilst  glad 
to  find  my  reading  of  the  figure  inscription 
corroborated  by  Mr.  Pitt-Lewis,  I  did  not  take 
it  from  that  gentleman,  and  I  am  myself  alone 
responsible  for  it.  I  cannot,  however,  regard 
that  corroboration  as  any  the  less  valuable 
because  of  some  trifling,  and,  as  it  appears  to 
me,  unimportant  clerical  error  which  that 
learned  writer  (working  under  difficulties,  as 
he  has  explained)  may  have  made.  But, 
whilst  correcting  another,  MR.  CLARK  has 
fallen  into  error  himself.  He  says  that  the 
figure  lines  are  addressed  to  "  William  Shake- 
speare the  poet."  They  are  inscribed  "To 
the  Reader."  He  also  says  "  the  other 
tribute"  (the  memorial  verses)  is  meant  for 
the  "poet  and  actor."  For  the  "poet" 
beyond  doubt,  but  for  the  "actor,"  query] 
That  is  the  whole  point  in  question. 

I  could  say  much  more  on  the  subject  of 
my  doubts,  which  have  been  rather  increased 
than  diminished  by  the  replies  (however  able 
and  well-intentioned)  made  to  remove  them. 
The  subject  is  fascinating,  and  I  am  seeking 
for  light,  which,  however,  at  present  only 
seems  to  come  to  me  from  one  direction. 

JOHN  HUTCHINSON. 


While  I  am  unable  to  answer  MR.  Hur- 
CHINSON'S  question,  "Who  was  the  gentle 
Shakespeare?"  I  can  meet  it  with  another 
and  cognate  one.  Who  was  "  Shakespeare 
nostras'"?  Perhaps  the  answer  to  one  ques- 
tion will  involve  the  answer  to  the  other. 
The  well-known  note  on  Shakespeare  in  Ben 
Jonson's  '  Discoveries '  is  headed  "  De  Shake- 
speare nostrat."  In  it  he  says  that  he  loved 
the  man  and  honoured  his  memory,  on  this 
side  idolatry,  as  much  as  any,  but  that  he 
flowed,  in  his  fantasy,  brave  notions  and 
gentle  expressions  with  that  facility  that 
sometimes  it  was  necessary  he  should  be 
stopped  (snuffed  out) ;  but  that  he  redeemed 
his  vices  with  his  virtues,  and  there  was  ever 
more  in  him  to  be  praised  than  to  be  pardoned. 

This  is  damning  with  faint  praise  indeed, 
and  is  rather  different  from  Jonson's  descrip- 
tion of  the  "gentle  Shakespeare"  :  "  Soul  of 
the  age,  the  applause,  delight,  the  wonder 
of  our  stage  ! "  and  his  apostrophe,  "  Leave 
thee  alone,  for  the  comparison  of  all  that 
insolent  Greece  and  haughty  Rome  sent 
forth,  or  since  did  from  their  ashes  come," 
which,  by  the  way,  is  exactly  the  phrase  he 
applies  to  Francis  Bacon.  But  what  does 
he  mean  by  "Shakespeare  nostras  "?  There 
would  be  no  meaning  in  calling  him  "our 
countryman " ;  his  nationality  was  not  in 
question,  nor  was  it  pertinent.  "Nostras" 
must  be  intended  in  the  sense  of  "our 
fellow,"  "  one  of  us."  Hence  we  discover  a 
well-marked  antithesis  between  the  "gentle 
Shakespeare"  and  "Shakespeare  nostras." 
What  explanation  can  be  given  of  this,  if 
they  are  the  same  man  1  QUIRINUS. 

NAMES  OF  LETTERS  (10th  S.  iii.  228,  277). — 
May  I  correct  at  once  a  misprint  in  PROF. 
BENSLY'S  useful  reply  ?  The  words  are  printed, 
"  In  the  same  way  it  was  distinguished  from 
oi,  sounded  like  it."  Obviously  "it  was" 
should  be  "v  was."  W.  H. 

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  QUERIES  (10th  S.  iii.  227). 
—Bibliography  is  not  yet  ranked  among  the 
exact  sciences,  nor  is  its  terminology  satis- 
factorily settled ;  but  having  worked  a  little 
in  the  field  which  COL.  WALKER  is  cultivating, 
I  will  venture  to  offer  my  personal  views  on 
the  questions  raised  by  him. 

1.  I  do  not  consider  that  any  date  can  be 
fixed  at  which  the  old  definitions,  4to,  8vo, 
&c.,  can  be  taken  either  as  sufficient  or  the 
reverse.  While  it  is  very  desirable  that  the 
actual  measurements  of  a  book  should  be 
given,  the  collation  in  sheets  should  not  be 
omitted  in  works  either  of  ancient  or  of 
modern  date.  If,  for  instance,  there  are  eight 
leaves  in  a  sheet,  the  book  is  in  octavo,  and 


io*s.  in.  APRIL  15, 1905.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


293 


the  fact  should  be  stated.  As  for  the  various 
sizes  of  octavo,  &c.,  indicated  by  the  prefixes 
demy,  crown,  &c.,  reference  might  be  usefully 
made  to  a  correspondence  on  the  sizes  of 
books  that  is  now  being  carried  on  in  the 
current  issues  of  The  Publishers'  Circular. 

2.  The    dimensions    should    be    measured 
from  the  title-page,  but  if  any  leaves  are 
exceptionally  large,  the  fact  might  be  stated. 
No  measurements  should  be  taken  from  the 
cover,  which,  bjbliographically  speaking,  is 
Oxtraneous  to  the  book. 

3.  From  a  bibliographical  point  of  view, 
measurements  from  a  bound  and  cut  copy 
are  almost  useless,  but  if  given  at  all,  they 
should  be  taken  from  the  tallest  obtainable 
copy,  as  approximating  most  closely  to  the 
size  of  the  book  in  its  original  state. 

4.  Any  abbreviation  for  uncut  depends  on 
the  fancy  of  the  writer.  So  far  as  I  am  aware, 
none  is  recognized  among  bibliographers. 

W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

Your  querist  will  find  answers  in  '  Aggra- 
vating Ladies,'  by  Olphar  Hamst. 

KALPH  THOMAS. 

"  BEATING  THE  BOUNDS  "  (10th  S.  iii.  209).— 
In  April,  1904,  the  bounds  of  the  parish  of 
St.  John's  and  St.  John's  Without,  Lewes, 
•were  "  trodden."  A  period  of  between 
thirteen  and  fourteen  years  had  elapsed 
since  the  custom  was  last  observed.  The 
distance  covered  was  about  twenty-four 
miles,  and  the  time  taken  was  eleven  hours. 
At  one  point  the  boundary  passes  through  a 
culvert,  which  one  of  the  party  negotiated, 
and  they  also  had  to  climb  down  the  side  of 
a  chalk  pit.  JOHN  PATCHING. 

This  old  custom  survives  to-day  at  Tissing- 
ton,  in  Derbyshire  ;  in  the  parish  of  Whit- 
well,  on  the  borders  of  Derbyshire  ;  at  Dun- 
stable  ;  and  at  Leighton  Buzzard,  in  Bed- 
fordshire. For  "  Perambulation  Day "  in 
Kipon,  in  1481  and  1830,  see  'Ripon  Chapter 
Acts,'  Surtees  Soc.,  337  and  note  (8th  S.  iii. 
447).  The  custom  is  also  still  observed 
in  the  parish  of  St.  Andrew's,  Undershaft, 
in  the  City  of  London  ;  by  the  Watermen's 
Company  ;  and  at  the  Tower  of  London.  It 
•was  announced  in  1900  that  "beating  the 
bounds  "  was  observed  in  that  year  in  West- 
minster, "probably  for  the  last  time,"  but 
one  cannot  say  whether  this  is  really  the 
case.  J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

ANCHORITES'  DENS  (10th  S.  iii.  128,  234).— 
There  is  a  very  curious  example  of  one  of 
these  dwellings  in  the  parish  of  Foremark, 
co.  Derby,  on  a  backwater  of  the  Trent,  not 
far  from  Repton,  called  Anchor  Church,  and 


of  it  there  is  a  whole- page  lithograph  ^  in 
Bigsby's  '  History  of  Repton,'  accompanied 
by  a  long  description.  The  author  imagines 
that  it  was  a  retreat  as  far  back  as  625. 
There  is  a  large  engraving  of  it  by  Vivares 
after  T.  Smith  of  Derby,  1754. 

There  is  also  the  well-known  hermitage 
at  Wark worth,  co.  Northumberland,  on  the 
Coquet,  but  concerning  it  so  much  has  been 
written,  both  in  prose  and  poetry,  as  to  render 
it  quite  classic  ground. 

JOHN  PICKFORD  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

WILLESDEN  FAMILIES  (10th  S.  iii.  208).— A 
copy  of  the  inscription  on  the  tomb  of 
Richard  Paine,  J.P.,  who  died  in  1606,  aged 
ninety -five,  and  Margaret  his  wife,  who  died 
in  1595,  will  be  found  in  3rd  S.  vi.  247. 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

TOM  TAYLOR  ON  WHEWELL  (10th  S.  iii.  189). 
—This  ballad  is  printed  in  '  British  Ballads, 
Old  and  New,'  selected  and  edited  by  George 
Barnett  Smith,  published  by  Cassell  &  Co.  in 
1886.  ARTHUR  HUSSEY. 

Tankerton-on-Sea,  Kent. 

'REBECCA,'  A  NOVEL  (10th  S.  iii.  128,  176). 
— It  will  probably  be  disappointing  to  MR. 
DODGSON  to  see  two  replies  to  his  query  that 
do  not  give  him  the  information  for  which  he 
asks.  In  Hookham's  'Circulating  Library 
Catalogue,"  8vo,  pp.  484,  with  a  list  of  4,000 
novels,  printed  about  1849, 1  find  the  follow- 
ing entries:  "'Rebecca,'  3  vols.,  15s.;  'Re- 
becca; or,  the  Victim  of  Duplicity,'  2  vols., 
8s."  This  is  curious,  because  MR.  DODGSON 
says  he  bought  only  two  volumes. 

Neither  of  these  novels  is  in  Watt's '  Biblio- 
theca  Britannica,'  the  British  Museum,  nor 
the  Bodleian.  In  the  latter  library  one  would 
not  expect  to  find  them  ;  it  is  a  class  of  book 
they  are  not  rich  in  like  the  British  Museum, 
where  I  find  '"Frederic  and  Caroline;  or, 
the  Fitzmorris  Family,'  a  novel  in  2  vols., 
by  the  author  of '  Rebecca,' '  Judith,'  'Miriam,' 
&c.  London,  the  Minerva  Press,  1800."  The 
dedication  to  H.R.H.  the  Princess  of  Wales- 
is  signed  E.  M.  F.  This  book  was  only  ac- 
quired in  1858.  I  do  not  find  the  others 
in  the  British  Museum,  though  Watt  has 
'Miriam,'  by  the  author  of  'Frederic,'  <fcc., 
1801. 

In  '  Frederic '  I  happened  to  turn  up  the- 
following  paragraph  in  vol.  ii.  p.  294  : — 

"Lionel  Dixon  changed  his  name  to  take  posses- 
sion of  the  O'Niel  estate,  yet  contaminated  the 
ancient  blood  of  his  House  by  marrying  an  obscure 
citizen's  daughter,  the  daughter  of  Alderman  Mid- 
dleton,  grocer  and  tea-dealer,  Fleet  Street.  And 


294 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    do*  s.  in.  APRIL  15, iocs. 


what  is  amazing,  this  degradation  produced  no  dis- 
pleasure in  his  family,  for  his  mother  resided  with 
them." 

I  am  unable  to  trace  trades  before  1840, 
but  according  to  the  'Post  Office  Directory' 
for  that  year  there  was  no  tea-dealer  in 
Fleet  Street.  There  was  only  one  in  1855, 
and  one  grocer.  Now  there  is  not  one  ;  and 
with  one  exception  (Twinings)  there  are  no 
tea  -  dealers  or  grocers  from  the  Bank  to 
Charing  Cross.  Wray,  the  last  grocer  in 
Fleet  Street,  succumbed  only  last  year ;  just 
before  him  another  at  165,  Fleet  Street,  where 
he  occupied  a  shop  and  basement,  removed 
because  250£.  a  year  more  rent  was  asked.  I 
npay  also  observe  that  there  is  not  now  a 
single  butcher's  shop  in  these  great  thorough- 
fares, at  which  we  can  heartily  rejoice.  I 
think  ghastly  sights  need  not  be  intruded 
on  us  in  great  public  thoroughfares.  The 
butchers'  shops  in  Paris  are  never  objection- 
able like  those  in  our  towns. 

RALPH  THOMAS. 

PARLIAMENTARY  QUOTATION  (10th  S.  iii.  206)' 
—Can  the  lines  be  given  correctly  as  MR' 
GRIGOR  assumes  1  — 

There  is  on  earth  a  more  auguster  thing, 
Veiled  though  it  be,  than  Parliament  or  King. 

The  lines,  as  I  remember  them  when  Bright 
spoke  them,  ran  thus  : — 

There  is  a  yet  auguster  thing, 

Veiled  though  it  be,  than  Parliament  or  King. 

MR.  GRIGOR  conjectures  that  George  Wither 
•was  the  author  of  the  lines — if  so,  it  must 
have  been  when  his  grammar  had  withered 
in  his  mind,  or  he  would  never  have  intro- 
duced a  lumbering  double  comparative  into 
poetry.  G.  J.  HOLYOAKE. 

Eastern  Lodge,  Brighton. 

"LAMB"  IN  PLACE-NAMES  (10th  S.  iii.  109, 
149). — The  following  advertisement  is  to  be 
found  in  The  Bath  Herald  of  3  March,  1792  : 

"  To  be  let  for  seven  or  fourteen  years,  or  the 
lease  to  be  sold,  a  house,  beautifully  situated  at 
Ltanbridffe.  near  Bath,  on  the  London  Road,  and 

one  mile   from    that    city No  letters    will   be 

-attended  to  unless  Post-paid." 

W.  S. 

There  is  a  Lamb  Lane  in  Greenwich,  one 
of  the  oldest  thoroughfares,  though  now 
blocked  up  from  the  High  or  Church  Street. 
It  was  the  lane  leading  to  a  very  ancient 
ferry  over  the  Ravensbourne.  I  only  know 
of  a  modern  variant  of  the  spelling,  viz., 
Lame— due  to  an  ignorant  churchwarden, 
therefore  of  no  value.  AYEAHR. 

^  Has  PROP.  SKEAT  forgotten  Lamb's  Conduit 
•Street,  opposite  the  Foundling  Hospital, 
Guilford  Street,  Bloomsbury  ]  There  is 


supposed  to  be  an  underground  stream, 
which  occasionally  causes  trouble  to  adjacent 
householders,  running  from  King's  Cross, 
under  the  Foundling  Hospital  and  under 
Lamb's  Conduit  Street,  towards  Holborn. 

S.  J.  A.  F. 

VERSES  :  AUTHOR  WANTED  (10th  S.  iii.  70). 
— The  first  passage  quoted  by  MR.  PEACH 
comes  from  an  old  devotional  ballad,  a  copy 
of  which  is  included  in  the  Roxburghe  col- 
lection ('A  Christian's  Nightly  Care';  cp» 
'The  Roxburghe  Ballads,'  ed.  by  Wm.  Chappell, 
vol.  iii.  p.  188,  1875)  :— 

The  hungry  flaes  (=fleas),  that  lowp  (=leap)  most 
fresh, 

To  worms  I  can  compare, 
Which  greedily  will  eat  my  flesh, 

And  leave  my  bones  right  bear : 
The  leaking  cock,  that  airly  crowes 

To  'put  the  nujht  away, 
Puts  me  in  minde  the  trump  that  llowes 

Before  the  latter  day,  &c. 

The  same  idea  occurs  in  Young's  '  Night 
Thoughts,'  ii.  3-4  :— 

This  midnight  centinel  (i.e.,  the  cock),  with  clarion 
shrill, 

Emblem  of  that  which  shall  awake  the  dead  ; 

and  a  similar  idea  is  found  in  '  The  Poetical 
Museum '  (Hawick,  1784),  p.  184  :— 
The  solemn  bell  proclaims  the  midnight  hour  : 
Bad  prelude  of  the  trump  that  shall  awake  the 
dead. 

OTTO  RITTER. 
Halle  a.  S. 

THE  ESSAY  (10th  S.  iii.  148).— D.  M.  may  find 
what  he  seeks,  so  far  as  the  Tudor  period  is 
concerned,  in  Gregory  Smith's  '  Elizabethan 
Critical  Essays,'  1904,  2  vols.,  Clar.  Press. 

WM.  JAGGARD. 

139,  Canning  Street,  Liverpool. 

NELSON  IN  FICTION  (10th  S.  iii.  26,  77,  116). 
— Add  Blackmore's  'Maid  of  Sker,'  chap.  Ix. 
(the  battle  of  the  Nile).  H.  K.  ST.  J.  S. 

"  SAX  "  (10th  S.  iii.  186).— This  is  also,  and 
I  believe  more  often,  spelt  zax.  See  Gwilt's 
'Encyclopaedia  of  Architecture,'  §  2209,  and 
the  Glossary  of  Terms  at  the  end  ;  also  the 
'  Dictionary  of  Architecture,'  published  by 
the  Architectural  Publication  Society. 

BENJ.  WALKER. 

Gravelly  Hill,  Erdington. 

HALLS  OF  THE  CITY  COMPANIES  (10th  S.  iii. 
87,  171).— One  would  almost  infer  from  the 
quotation  given  by  DR.  FORSHAW  at  the  last 
reference  concerning  Parish  Clerks'  Hall  that 
it  was  not  now  used  by  this  venerable  City 
company.  Having  on  more  than  one  occasion 
had  the  pleasure  of  dining  with  the  Parish 


iii.  APRIL  is,  1905.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


295 


Clerks  in  their  quaint  old  hall,  I  am  very  loth 
that  such  an  idea  should  get  abroad.  Their 
original  building  perished  in  the  Great  Fire 
of  London  in  1666,  but  they  erected  the 
present  hall  in  Silver  Street  soon  after  that 
date.  Apparently  it  has  done  duty  as  their 
headquarters  ever  since.  Not  only  do  they 
possess  many  interesting  books  and  docu- 
ments relating  to  the  Bills  of  Mortality,  but 
they  have  several  valuable  oil  paintings,  one 
of  which  is  a  portrait  of  William  Roper, 
husband  of  Margaret  Roper,  daughter  of 
Sir  Thomas  More.  Another  interesting  heir- 
loom is  a  chamber  organ  purchased  by  the 
Company  in  1737. 

A  long  account  of  the  Company  and  an 
interior  view  of  their  hall  appeared  in  The 
Illustrated  London  Neivs  of  15  February,  1890. 
In  The  City  Press  of  9  September,  1891,  ''  A 
Parish  Clerk's  Guest1'  gave  an  interesting 
account  of  Parish  Clerks'  Hall. 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

ST.  SEPULCHRE  (10th  S.  iii.  101,  172).— Let 
me  note  the  following  illustration  in  regard 
to  the  pronunciation  of  this  word  from  *  The 
City  Shower,'  a  poem  by  Swift,  which  gra- 
phically describes  the  state  of  London  in  the 
early  part  of  the  eighteenth  century,  before 
much  attention  was  paid  to  drainage  : — 

Filths  of  all  hues  and  odour  seem  to  tell 

What  street  they  sailed  from,  by  their  sight  and 

smell. 

They,  as  each  torrent  drives  with  rapid  force, 
From  Smithfield  to  St.  Pulcre's  shape  their  course, 
And,  in  huge  confluence  joined  at  Snowhill  ridge, 
Fall  from  the  conduit  prone  to  Holborn  bridge. 
Sweepings  from  butchers'  stalls,  dung,  guts  and 

blood, 
Drowned  puppies,  stinking  sprats,  all  drenched  in 

mud, 
Dead  cats,  and  turnip  tops,  come  tumbling  down 

the  flood. 

Streams  run  down  the  sides  of  the  "oiled 
umbrella"  of  the  "tucked-up  seamstress," 
proving  the  antiquity  of  that  useful  article. 

I  can  remember  an  old  parish  clerk  reading 
the  verse  in  the  Psalms,  "Their  throat  is  an 
open  sepul'chre."  JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

Perhaps  I  ought  to  have  said  "  was  com- 
monly called  Spooker  Gate  some  fifty  years 
ago."  I  note  what  is  said  by  E.  G.  B.  as  to 
the  present  day.  J.  T.  F. 

ST.  THOMAS  WOHOPE  (10th  S.  ii.  209,  275). 
—This  was  not  St.  Thomas  of  Canterbury, 
but  a  former  rector  of  Smarden,  according 
to  a  will  proved  in  the  Consistory  Court 
(vol.  x.)  at  Canterbury,  which  I  have  come 
across :  "To  the  Light  of  Sir  Thomas  Wohope, 


sometime  parson  of  the  same  church,  4d." 
(John  Saunder,  of  Smarden,  1510). 

The  Rev.  T.  S.  Frampton,  of  Dover,  has 
kindly  informed  me  that  Abp.  Simon  Mepham, 
under  thedate  22  May,  1332, gave  a  commission 
"D'no  Thome  de  Woghope  thesaurario  n'ro 
Can't.,"  with  four  others,  to  examine  candi- 
dates for  ordination.  ARTHUR  HUSSEY. 

Tankerton-on-Sea,  Kent 

SPLIT  INFINITIVE  (10th  S.  ii.  406 ;  iii.  17,  51, 
95,  150,  210).— I  am  sorry  if  my  quotation 
from  Disraeli  seemed  ungracious  to  your 
Mantuan  correspondent.  I  have  no  wish  to 
assume  the  mantle  of  Carbilius  Pictor,  who 
directed  against  Virgil  the  shafts  of  the 
/Eneidomastix.  If  critics  have  done  some 
harm  in  the  world,  they  have  doubtless  done 
some  good  of  a  sort.  But,  as  a  wise  man  said, 
"Like  Zoilus,  they  entangle  an  Author  in 
the  Wrangles  of  Grammarians,  or  try  him 
with  a  positive  Air  and  barren  Imagination, 
by  the  Set  of  Rules  they  have  collected  out 
of  others."  As  Disraeli  wrote  on  another 
occasion,  "Abuse  is  not  argument,"  and  to 
call  a  writer  who  won  the  admiration  of 
Burke  and  Johnson  "flabby"  does  not  ad- 
vance the  question  much.  I  fail  to  see  how 
a  writer  can  be  shown  to  have  deliberately 
selected  a  certain  form  in  preference  to 
another,  except  on  the  evidence  of  the  writer 
himself.  But  if  a  writer  adopts  a  certain 
form,  which  he  retains  in  successive  editions 
of  his  works,  it  may  be  safely  assumed  that 
that  form  has  his  deliberate  preference.  My 
attitude  towards  critics  is  like  that  of  MARO 
towards  philologists.  It  is  possible  that  in 
the  case  of  the  former  the  "  sesthetical  sense," 
which,  in  MARO'S  opinion,  is  blurred  in  the 
latter,  may  occasionally  overstep  the  common 
variety  of  that  faculty.  I  could  quote  many 
examples  in  support  of  my  position  ;  but  one 
may  perhaps  be  sufficient.  In  a  very  well- 
known  poem  there  is  a  beautiful  stanza  which 
runs  as  follows  : — 

Too  white,  for  the  flower  of  life  is  red ; 
Her  flesh  was  the  soft  seraphic  screen 

Of  a  soul  that  is  meant  (her  parents  said) 
To  just  see  earth,  and  hardly  be  seen, 

And  blossom  in  heaven  instead. 
The  writer  of  these  lines  was  not  only  a 
man  of  taste,  well  versed  in  the  technique 
of  music  and  painting,  but  he  was  also  a  man 
of  genius,  lofty  as  that  of  the  Mantuan  bard. 
By  the  position  which  he  assigns  to  the 
adverb  "  just,"  I  maintain  that  he  deliberately 
set  himself  to  secure  the  three  conditions  of 
precision,  emphasis,  and  euphony.  Had  he 
written  "To  see  just  earth,"  the  qualifica- 
tion would  have  been  transferred  from  the 
predicate  to  the  object,  and  the  sense  of  the 


296 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [io»  s.  in.  APRIL  15, 1905. 


passage  would  have  been  completely  altered. 
Again,  no  one  with  an  ear  for  rhythm  could 
have  tolerated  the  phrase  "  Just  to  see 
earth "  in  a  stanza  of  which  the  prosody  is 
essentially  anti-trochaic.  The  stately  march 
of  the  iambus  is  exactly  what  the  spirit  of 
the  phrase  requires,  and  no  other  collocation 
of  words  could  have  conveyed  so  precisely, 
so  emphatically,  and  so  euphoniously  the 
writer's  meaning.  W.  F.  PEIDEAUX. 

The  opponents  of  the  split  infinitive  are 
confronted  with  sentences  like  "It  had 
greatly  pleased  him,"  and  are  then  asked, 
"  If  this  is  correct,  why  cannot  we  say,  '  It 
seemed  to  greatly  please  him'?"  The  only 
answer  forthcoming,  apart  from  the  ob- 
jection that  the  construction  is  of  recent 
development,  implies  that  the  to  is  more 
closely  connected  with  its  infinitive  than 
the  auxiliary  verb  with  its  infinitive  or 
participle.  But  the  closeness  of  this 
union  is  evidently  not  felt  by  the  majo- 
rity of  English  speakers  at  the  present 
day.  Indeed,  in  certain  combinations,  such 
as  "  I  am  to  take,"  "  I  have  to  get,"  it  may 
be  asserted  that  the  to  is  felt  to  belong  more 
to  the  preceding  word  than  to  the  infinitive. 
The  justification  of  this  feeling  lies  in  the 
fact  that  "am  to,"  "have  to,"  can  be  quite 
naturally  replaced  by  a  word  like  "  must," 
which  requires  no  to  whatever.  "  He  said 
I  was  to  go  away  at  once"  is  a  perfectly 
natural  and  perfectly  correct  reported  ver- 
sion of  the  command  ''Go  away  at  once." 
In  like  manner  the  request  "  Kindly  go 
away,"  or  "  Kindly  take  this  prescription  to 
the  chemist's,"  becomes,  "He  said  I  was 
to  kindly  go  away,"  "  He  said  I  was  to  kindly 
take  a  prescription,  which  he  gave  me,  to  the 
chemist's."  This  example  shows  how  natur- 
ally the  reprobated  construction  may  arise. 
The  form  "  He  asked  me  to  kindly  go  away  " 
is  preferable  to  "  He  asked  me  kindly  to  go 
away,"  because  the  latter  might  equally  well 
mean  that  the  manner  of  his  asking  was 
kind.  Thus  Prof.  Saintsbury  writes  in  his 
'History  of  Criticism'  (i.  56),  "In  details  we 
may  fail  fully  to  understand  them,"  where 
a  split  infinitive  would  have  prevented  all 
risk  of  fully  being  wrongly  construed  with 
fail.  The  theory  of  clearness  advanced  at 
p.  17,  ante,  is  no  doubt  the  right  one 
to  account  for  the  favour  which  the 
split  infinitive  has  found  with  the  many. 
With  further  reference  to  p.  17,  it  may  be 
pointed  out  that  the  split  infinitive  in  the 
passive  would  be  "  to  thoroughly  be  spoilt," 
not  "  to  be  thoroughly  spoilt." 

Clearness,  and    the  backward    attraction 
exercised  over  the  to  by  some  antecedent 


word — these  are  the  principal  reasons  for 
continuing  to  split  our  infinitives.  There 
are  also  the  analogies  brought  forward  at 
pp.  51-2.  And  it  may  further  be  urged  in 
defence  of  the  newer  construction  that  it  is 
a  means  of  varying  the  word-order  of  the 
sentence,  variety  being  one  of  the  chief 
objects  to  be  attained  in  writing  prose. 

There  is  a  very  reasonable  discussion  of 
the  split  infinitive  in  the  late  Prof.  Earle's 
'English  Prose'  (1890),  pp.  182-6. 

As  regards  Dr.  Johnson's  censure  of  phrases 
like  "  the  custom  is  a  bad  oi\e"j(antet  p.  151), 
it  may  be  mentioned  that  Johnson  himself, 
as  reported  by  Boswell,  under  date  October, 
1774  (Globe  edition,  p.  279),  said  of  Wales  : 
"Instead  of  bleak  and  barren  mountains 
there  were  bleak  and  fertile  ones." 

LIONEL  R.  M.  STEACHAN. 

Heidelberg. 

"To  rightly  understand  the  matter,"  "To 
correctly  diagnose  a  case,"  "To  eloquently 
plead  a  cause,"  seem  to  me  as  good  as  "  The 
right  understanding  of  the  matter,"  &c.,  and 
compare  colloquial  English  £  other  day. 

T.  WILSON. 

Harpenden. 

MASONS'  MAEKS  (10th  S.  iii.  228).— Masons7 
marks  are  now  generally  supposed  to  have 
served  the  purpose  of  identifying  work  done 
— that  is,  of  distinguishing  the  particular 
stone  worked  by  the  mason  to  whom  that 
mark  had  been  assigned.  No  evidence  has, 
I  think,  been  discovered  of  their  having  had 
a  deeper  signification,  as  it  has  been  con- 
jectured, traceable  to  the  religious  character 
of  associated  masons  in  early  times.  They 
have  been  found  in  Rome,  Pompeii,  Greece, 
Algeria,  Cairo,  in  the  Jewish  Temple  of 
Onias  in  the  Land  of  Goshen,  on  the  ancient 
walls  of  Jerusalem,  in  Persia  and  Syria.  The 
late  Dr.  Murray,  of  the  Graeco  -  Roman 
Department,  British  Museum,  informed  me 
that  there  is  a  very  valuable  memoir  on  the 
subject  of  masons'  marks  in  Pompeii,  Rome, 
Perugia,  and  Sicily,  by  Otto  Richter,  'Antika- 
Steinmatzzeichen '  (Berlin,  1885),  with  three 
plates,  which  was  issued  as  the  fifty-fourth 
'  Prograrnm  zum  Winckelmannsfeste.'  He 
added  that,  so  far  as  he  knew,  there  is  no 
other  authority  of  any  consequence  on  the 
subject.  But  he  surely  could  not  have  been 
aware  of  several  valuable  English  contribu- 
tions upon  the  question.  The  first  descrip- 
tion of  masons'  marks  was  given  by  Mr. 
George  Godwin,  the  former  editor  of  The 
Builder,  in  Archceologia,  vol.  xxx.;  and  in 
the  Transactions  of  the  Royal  Institute  of 
British  Architects  (1868-9,  pp.  135-43)  a  very 


10*8.  in.  APRIL  15, 1905.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


297 


valuable  paper  on  Scotch  marks  in  particular 
was  published  by  Mr.  Chalmers  in  1852. 
Again,  in  the  Journal  of  the  British  Archaeo- 
logical Association  (vol.  xlv.  p.  145)  is  a  very 
able  paper  by  Mr.  T.  Hayter  Lewis,  F.S.A., 
on  'Scottish  Masons'  Marks  compared  with 
those  of  other  Countries.' 

All  the  authorities,  with  the  notable  excep- 
tion alluded  to  by  Dr.  A.  S.  Murray,  are 
quoted  in  a  contribution  by  Mr.  Wyatt  Pap- 
worth  in  the  dictionary  of  the  Architectural 
Publication  Society,  s.v.  'Mark.'  Among 
these  may  be  mentioned  Street's  '  Gothic 
Architecture,'  8vo,  London,  1865  (marks  in 
Spanish  buildings) ;  and  The  Freemason's 
Magazine  and  Masonic  Mirror  for  1862, 
p.  243,  &c.,  and  1861  (Eastern),  ii.  229 ; 
(Anc.  Egyptian),  1861,  ii.  487.  See  also  article 
by  Mr.  Patrick  Chambers  in  vol.  xxxiv.  of 
Archceologia :  and  in  vol.  i.  an  article  by  Dr. 
E.  Freshfielcl  on  'The  Masons'  Marks  in 
Westminster  Hall.'  Gloucester  Cathedral 
provides  a  large  variety,  so  does  Southwell. 
J.  HOLDEX  MAC  MICHAEL. 

6,  Elgiu  Court,  Maida  Vale,  W. 

I  recommend  MR.  KIDSON  to  consult '  His- 
torical Treatise  on  Early  Builders'  Marks,' 
by  G.  F.  Fort,  published  in  1885  by  McCalle 
&  Stavely,  Philadelphia,  a  small  book.  He 
will  there,  I  think,  find  his  requirements. 

ALFRED  HALL. 

AUTHORS  AND  THEIR  FIRST  BOOKS  (10th  S. 
iii.  247). — The  suggestion  in  the  editorial  note 
is  correct.  Many  articles  appear  in  the  first 
six  volumes  of  The  Idler,  under  '  My  First 
Book.'  Among  the  authors  are  Walter 
Besant,  Rudyard  Kipling,  R.  M.  Ballantyne, 
W.  Clark  Russell,  Conan  Doyle,  H.  Rider 
Haggard,  I.  Zangwill,  David  Christie  Murray, 
"John  Strange  Winter"  (Mrs.  Stannard),  and 
Robert  Louis  Stevenson.  All  the  articles 
which  I  have,  have  portraits  of  the  authors 
and  other  illustrations.  I  do  not  know 
whether  they  were  continued  after  vol.  vi. 
ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

THE  EGYPTIAN  HALL,  PICCADILLY  (10th  S. 
iii.  163,  236).— MR.  HARLAND-OxLEY's  note 
contains  some  inaccuracies  that,  no  doubt, 
he  will  pardon  me  for  correcting.  He  states 
that  Seurat,  the  "Living  Skeleton,"  exhi- 
bited at  the  Hall  in  1825,  and,  though  it  is 
so  stated  in  '  Old  and  New  London,'  there  is 
no  verification  of  the  fact  elsewhere,  so  far  as 
my  researches  go ;  nor  do  I  find  any  trace 
of  his  ever  having  been  there.  In  August 
of  the  year  named  he  appeared  at  the  Chinese 
Saloon,  No.  49,  Pall  Mall,  as  stated  in  Hone's 
*Every-Day  Book.' 

Again,  I  understand  that  Banvard's  Pano- 


rama of  the  Mississippi  came  to  the  Hall 
upon  25  November,  1848,  not  in  1846.  Also, 
MR.  HARLAND-OXLEY  states  that  Tom  Thumb 
was  exploited  at  the  Hall  by  Barnum  after 
1846,  but  I  do  not  find  that  this  was  so, 
though  undoubtedly.  "Tom"  subsequently 
returned  to  London  for  show  purposes. 

The  year  1874,  given  as  the  date  of  opening 
of  Messrs.  Maskelyne  &  Cooke's  entertain- 
ment, is  wrong ;  they  commenced  at  the 
Hall  in  1873.  In  addition,  the  name  of 
"  Mephisto,"  given  as  that  of  Mr.  Maskelyne's 
cornet-playing  android,  should  be  "Fanfare." 
There  was  a  "Mephisto,"  a  chess-playing 
automaton,  I  believe,  exhibited  in  London 
some  years  back,  but  it  was  in  no  way  con- 
nected with  the  Egyptian  Hall  or  its  pro- 
prietor. WILLIAM  CROHPTON. 

I  have  a  copy  of  '  Goodluck's  Guide  to  the 
Sights  and  Amusements  of  London  for  1847.' 
This  is  a  foolscap  broadside  "Printed  and 
Published  by  W.  R.  Goodluck,  Prince's 
Square,  Kensington,  for  M.  Goodluck,  36, 
Upper  Seymour  Street,  Euston  Square,"  a 
second  sheet,  entitled  '  The  London  Com- 
panion,' a  sequel  to  the  'Sights,'  being 
folded  with  it  in  a  neat  cloth  cover,  16mo,  for 
the  pocket.  Under  the  heading  'Additional 
Exhibitions  and  Amusements,'  I  find  : — 
"Mysterious  Lady,  Egyptian  Hall.  Open 
Morning,  Afternoon,  and  Evening.  Admis- 
sion, Is."  This  exhibition  does  not  appear  in 
either  the  interesting  list  given  by  MR. 
HARLAND-OXLEY  or  the  supplemental  one  of 
MR.  ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

G.  YARROW  BALDOCK. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &o. 

A  New  English  Dictionary  on  Historical  Principles. 
Edited  by  Dr.  James  A.  H.  Murray.— .See — Jieign 
(Vol.  VIII.).  By  W.  A.  Craigie,  M.A.  (Oxford, 
Clarendon  Press.) 

THE  latest  instalment  of  the  great  Oxford  Dic- 
tionary, issued  tinder  the  care  of  Mr.  Craigie,  carries 
the  alphabet  so  far  as  Reign.  It  contains  more 
than  double  the  number  of  words  (1,496  against 
652)  of  the  most  ambitious  of  its  predecessors,  and 
7,848  illustrative  quotations  against  844.  From  the 
prefatory  note  we  gather  that  the  native  words  are 
largely  outnumbered  by  those  of  Latin  and  French 
origin,  a  fact  for  which  the  number  of  words  still 
in  use  with  the  prefix  re  is  mainly  responsible. 
Many  such  words  in  current  employment  have,  we 
are  told,  obsolete  senses,  while  some  have  entirely 
disappeared.  An  instance  of  such  is  advanced  by 
Mr.  Craigie  in  refel  (Lat.  r(fellere),  to  refute,  con- 
fute, disprove.  Common  in  the  sixteenth  and 
seventeenth  centuries,  this  word  is  now  obsolete.  It 
appears  to  have  come  into  use  in  1530.  Its  literary 
employment  is  shown  in  Thomas  Fuller,  who,  in  his 
'Church  History,'  writes:  "He  took  occasion  to 


298 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.   [ID*  s.  m.  APBIL  15, 1905. 


refell  that  slander  which  some  cast  on  Lecture- 
Preachers."  In  the  sense  to  cast  doubt  upon,  Chap- 
man says,  in  the  '  Iliad '  :  — 

As  thou  then  didst  refell 
My  valour  first  of  all  the  hoast. 
In  Child's  '  Ballads '  we  have  also 

The  tanners  bold  they  fought  right  well 

But  Robin  [Hood]  did  them  both  refell. 
The  word  lasted  till  the  time  of  Bentley  and  North. 
Among  the  words  in  re  which  are  not  compounds 
of  Latin  re  Mr.  Craigie  draws  special  attention 
to  regal  and  its  derivatives,  to  regent,  regiment, 
region,  and  regular.  All  these  words,  some  of  the 
senses  of  which  are  obsolete,  may  be  studied  with 
advantage.  In  the  sense  (No.  3)  of  magnificent,  as 
befitting  a  king,  regal  is  illustrated  from  Words- 
worth Shelley,  Lytton,  Stanley,  Lamb,  and  Smiles, 
the  last-named  using  it  in  a  sense  scarcely  defen- 
sible. Regalia  is  first  used  in  1540,  after  which  it 
disappears  for  a  century.  Regent,  in  the  sense  of 
one  who  reigns  on  behalf  of  another,  is  first  found 
in  1425  when  it  appears  in  the  Parliamentary 
Rolls.  Under  this  heading  we  would  fain  have 
seen  Mickle's 

The  moon,  sweet  regent  of  the  sky. 
Of  the  various  scholastic  senses  of  the  word  ample 
illustrations  are  given.  Have  we  not  heard  in  some 
English  translation  of  the  regimen  of  Salerne? 
This  is  a  propos  of  the  word  regimen.  Or  is  the 
word  regiment,  sense  5?  The  earliest  use  of  region 
in  English  shows  association  with  regere,  in  the 
sense  of  to  rule.  Caxton  says,  "  There  was  a  kyng 

which  whan  he  departed  fro  Troye  came  in 

to  the  regyon  of  fraunce."    It  seems  to  be  in  this 
sense  that  Hamlet  speaks  of   the  "  region  kites.' 
Regular  troops,  as  constituting  the  standing  army, 
are  naturally  not  heard  of  until  the  beginning  of 
the  eighteenth  century.    Deeply  interesting  is  all 
that  is  said  concerning  reed,  in  its  early  form  en- 
countered so  early  as  circa  725.  As  a  dart  or  arrow 
it  is  met  with  in'l377.    As  a  musical  instrument,  a 
pipe,  Us  use  is  virtually  confined  to  the  poets,  from 
Chaucer  and  Gower  to  Scott  and  Burns.     Mrs. 
Browning's  '  A  Musical  Instrument,'  which  we  do 
not  see,  uses  the  word  with  much  significance.   The 
special  combinations  cited  are  remarkable.    The 
connexion  of  reef  with  rib  is  curious.     Reef  as  a 
verb  is  first  found  in  Davenant  [D'Avenant]  and 
Dryden.     Reel   is   employed    in    the    piscatorial 
sense  in   'The  Gentleman  Angler,'  and  the  cur- 
rent  phrase    "Off  the   reel"   is   first   traced    to 
Dickens,  then  to  his  pupil  Sala.    A  couple  of  pages 
are  occupied  with  the  various  senses  of  the  word. 
The  words  mentioned,  and  others  such  as  reeve, 
referee,  register,  are  naturally  far  more  instructive 
than  combinations  such  as  re-edify  or  re-establish. 
Of  reeve,  an  old  English  official,  it  is  said  that  it  is 
not  in  any  way  related  to  the  continental  forms  cited 
under  Graf  and  Grave.    Refection  was  first  used  of 
refreshment  received  through   some   spiritual  or 
intellectual  influence.    Referee  as  a  verb  has,  as 
might  be  expected,  nothing  but  journalistic  sup- 
port, and  is  a  contemptible  word.    Refrain,  in  the 
sense  of  burden,  chorus,  is  employed  by  Chaucer 
and  Lydgate,  but  is  said  to  be  not  in  very  common 
use  before  the  nineteenth  century.    Many  meanings 
assigned  refrain,  in  the  sense  of  abstain,  have  little 
difference.    Under  one  of  these  Milton's  "  When 
Godsends  a  cheerful  hour  refrains"  is  judiciously 
quoted.     Refreit  was  an  accepted  substitute  for 
refrain  in  the  first  sense  so  late  as  the  seventeentl 


letitury.  The  connexion  of  the  various  forms  of 
•efuse,  sb.,  is  shown.  Regicide  is  met  with  so  early 
as  1548,  when  it  is  connected  with  prince-quellers. 
Evelyn  is  the  first  to  use  it  of  the  judges  of 
Charles  I. 

The  Diary  of  Samuel  Pepys,  M.A.,  F.R.S.  Edited, 
with  Additions,  by  Henry  B.  Wheatley,  F.S.A. 
Vols.  VII.  and  VIII.  (Bell  &  Sons.) 
WITH  the  appearance  of  these  two  volumes  the 
eminently  desirable  reprint  of  Mr.  Wheatley'a 
superlative  edition  of  the  diary  is  completed,  the 
volume  of  Pepysiana  not  being  included  in  the 
scheme,  and  the  index,  which  in  the  first  editioa 
:orms  a  volume  apart,  being  now  given  in  two 
mndred  pages  (315-514)  of  vol.  viii.  No  reduction 
is  permissible  in  that  admirable  feature  of  the 
work,  and  the  facilities  of  reference  remain  the 
same  as  before.  The  old  feeling  of  sadness  steals 
over  one  on  reading  Pepys's  characteristic  final 
utterance,  dated  31  May,  1669,  when,  after  speak- 
ing of  his  amours  with  Deb.  as  "  past,"  and  of  his 
eyes  hindering  him  in  almost  all  other  pleasures, 
tie  indicates  the  manner  in  which  the  diary  is  to  be 
continued,  and  concludes :  "  And  so  I  betake  myself 
to  that  course,  which  is  almost  as  much  as  to  see 
myself  go  into  my  grave :  for  which,  and  all  the 
discomforts  that  will  accompany  my  being  blind, 
the  good  God  prepare  me."  Of  the  new  edition 
we  can  only  say  that  its  possession  is  one  of  the 
most  covetable  of  gifts,  furnishing  a  guarantee 
against  dulness,  since  it  may  be  taken  up  at  any 
time  and  opened  at  any  moment  with  the  certainty 
of  entertainment  and  the  probability  of  delight. 

The  Decameron  of  Giovanni  Boccaccio.    Faithfully 

translated  by  J.  M.  Rigg.     (Routledge  &  Sons.) 
The  Heptameron  ;  or,  Tales  and  Novels  of  Mar- 
guerite, Queen  of  Navarre.   Translated  by  Arthur 
Machen.    (Same  publishers.) 

THAT  the  editor  of  "  Routledge's  Library  of  Early 
Novelists,"  Mr.  E.  A.  Baker,  M.A.,  is  undaunted 
in  the  prosecution  of  his  task  is  shown  by  the 
publication  of  the  '  Decameron '  and  the  '  Hepta- 
meron' in  well-known  translations — well  known, 
that  is,  to  the  scholar.  The  appearance  of  two 
previous  volumes  of  the  same  series,  Amory's  'Life 
and  Opinions  of  John  Buncle'  and  Wieland's 
'Adventures  of  Don  Sylvio  de  Rosalva,'  we  chro- 
nicled 10th  S.  ii.  438,  speaking  with  pleasurable 
anticipation  of  the  continuance  of  the  series.  A 
question  we  raised  as  to  the  integrity  of  the  text 
now  issued  has  been  satisfactorily  answered,  and 
our  suggestion  as  to  the  inclusion  of  Picaresque 
novels  has,  we  are  told,  been  anticipated.  As  the 
series  progresses  we  may  have  further  counsel  to 
supply.  Had  the  present  volumes  appeared  first, 
with  the  names  appended  of  the  translators,  we 
should  have  had  no  cause  to  inquire  into  the- 
accuracy  of  the  text. 

In  his  rendering  of  the  'Decameron'  Mr.  Rigg 
has  been,  like  his  predecessors,  compelled  to  leave- 
in  the  original  Italian  the  story  of  'Alibech  and 
Rustico.'  This  he  did  in  the  first  issue  of  his  trans- 
lation. With  the  '  Decameron '  is  given  Addington 
Symonds's  important  essay  on  Boccaccio  as  man 
and  author.  From  Mr.  A.  W.  Pollard's  'Italian 
Book  Illustrations'  are  reproduced  the  frontispiece 
to  the  first  illustrated  edition  of  the  '  Decamerone,' 
Venice,  1492,  the  'Procession  to  the  Garden,'  the 
'  Telling  of  the  Stories,'  and  '  Griselda  surprised  by 
the  Marquis.'  These  things  accompany  Mr.  Baker's. 


IO*B.  in.  APRIL  is,  iocs.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


299 


introduction,  which  is  capital.  The  edition  is 
excellently  printed,  and  is  legible  and  attractive  in 
all  respects. 

The  same  credit  may  be  extended  to  the  transla- 
tion by  Mr.  Machen  of  the  '  Heptamerou,'  which  is 
said  to  be  the  sole  complete  rendering.  It  is  dis- 
tinctly superior  as  English  to  that  of  Mr.  Kelly, 
included  among  Bohn's  extra  volumes,  which  is  the 
only  edition  accessible  to  the  average  English 
student.  An  introduction  supplies  much  curious 
and  instructive  information  on  bibliographical 
points.  It  is,  we  suppose,  unlikely  that  any  indi- 
vidual will  deal  with  the  present  works  as  the 
secretary  of  what  claimed  to  be  a  society  dealt 
with  the  extra  volumes  of  Bohn,  and  even  more 
unlikely  that  any  English  publisher  will  yield 
nowadays  to  similar  dictation.  So  long  as  Bohn 
lived  and  owned  the  series,  the  menace  was  dis- 
regarded and  laughed  at.  Subsequently  the  student 
had  to  watch  the  withdrawal  from  publication,  at 
individual  instance,  of  the  works  of  Rabelais, 
Cervantes,  Count  Hamilton,  Boccaccio,  and  the 
Queen  of  Navarre,  an  insult  to  literature  without 
a  parallel.  The  reader  cannot  peruse  the  works  in 
a  pleasanter  or  more  convenient  shape.  Had  it 
not  been  just  issued,  we  would  have  suggested  a 
rendering  of  Apuleius,  as  the  beginning  of  fiction. 
We  wonder  whether  any  of  the  less-known  novels 
of  De  Foe  are  contemplated.  At  any  rate,  we  con- 
gratulate Mr.  Baker  on  the  progress  made  with  his 
interesting  task. 

Shrines  of  British  Saints.     By  J.  Charles  Wall. 

(Methueu  &  Co.) 

IN  this  the  most  recent  addition  to  the  handsome 
series  of  "  The  Antiquary's  Books  "  Mr.  Wall  has 
been  fortunate  in  finding  an  almost  virgin  subject, 
which  well  deserves  to  have  a  volume  devoted  to  it. 
It  is  to  be  noted  that  he  uses  the  word  "  British  " 
in  his  title  in  its  wider  and  popular  sense,  and  by 
no  means  restricts  his  researches  to  Wales  and 
Scotland.  He  shows  that  the  shrines  erected  to 
do  honour  to  local  saints  in  pre-Reformation  Eng- 
land were  as  splendid  as  they  were  numerous,  and 
often  monuments  of  artistic  excellence,  which 
merited  a  better  fate  than  to  be  swept  away  in  the 
tide  of  reforming  zeal.  Some  have  perished  beyond 
recovery ;  the  scattered  fragments  of  others  have 
been  laboriously  collected  and  reconstructed,  as  at 
St.  Alban's  Abbey  and  Christ  Church,  Oxford. 
Mr.  Wall  gives  a  liberal  interpretation  to  the  word 
"  shrine,"  and  takes  it  to  include  reliquaries  of 
metal,  ivory,  and  wood,  as  well  as  the  larger  archi- 
tectural erections  in  which  the  bodies  of  the  holy 
men  were  enclosed.  In  both  classes  works  of 
exquisite  grace  are  found,  and  a  generous  supply 
of  illustrations  enables  us  to  form  a  good  idea  of 
their  design  and  beauty.  The  raids  that  were 
made  on  these  receptacles  by  competing  commu- 
nities of  monks  eager  to  appropriate  their  contents 
for  their  own  establishment  form  a  curious  and, 
it  must  be  said,  a  discreditable  feature  of  monastic 
history.  It  is  strange,  also,  to  be  told  that  certain 
saints  were  jealous  of  the  more  costly  shrines  with 
which  others  were  honoured,  and  could  only  be 
appeased  by  being  awarded  a  similar  receptacle. 
This  stimulus  to  the  faithful  we  may  put  down  to 
monkish  finesse.  An  interesting  account  is  given  of 
the  disinterment  of  the  remains  of  St.  Cuthbert  by 
Canon  Raine  in  1899. 

We  notice  as  corrigenda  "is,"  a  misprint  for 
si  (p.  114);  nu-scis  translated  by  "nuts"  (p.  58),  in 


place  of  ouches  (or  nouches) ;  and  "a  body  laying  on> 
its  side "  (p.  186) ;  but  these  latter  two  errors  are 
attributable  to  the  writer's  authorities  rather  than 
to  himself. 

The  Burlington  Magazine  for  April  deals  at  the 
outset  with  Velasquez,  supplying  a  series  of  repro- 
ductions of  works  from  his  brush.  A  portrait  of 
Philip  IV.  of  Spain,  recently  obtained  by  the 
Boston  Museum,  shows  the  monarch  at  the  age  of 
eighteen.  Its  authenticity  has  been  contested,  but 
Mr. Francis  Lathrop  advances  proofs  of  its  genuine- 
ness. Young  as  Philip  is,  the  hard  lines  of  his 
features  are  already  assertive.  Other  pictures  of 
the  same  monarch,  of  Don  Carlos,  and  Don  Fer. 
nando  follow,  assigning  the  number  remarkable 
value  and  interest.  Apropos  of  the  Boston  Museum, 
the  editor  writes  on  'The  Opportunity  of  the  Govern- 
ment,' and  is  supported  in  so  doing  by  Mr.  M.  H. 
Spielmann  under  the  heading  '  A  Ministry  of  the 
Fine  Arts.'  In  the  later  portion  are  'St.  Jerome 
in  the  Desert,'  attributed  to  Titian ;  a  head  of 
John  the  Baptist,  by  Antonio  da  Solario  ;  a  portrait 
of  a  girl,  by  H.  Fantin-Latour  ;  and  other  interest- 
ing reproductions. 


BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUES.— APRIL. 

MR.  FRANCIS  EDWARDS  has  a  number  of  modern- 
books,  which  he  offers  at  specially  low  prices.  He 
has  also  a  separate  list  of  dictionaries.  These 
include  Ogilvie,  Halliwell - Phillipps's  'Archaic 
Words,'  Hughes's  '  Dictionary  of  Islam,'  Littre", 
Farmer  and  Henley's  '  Slang,'  Allibone's  '  Eng- 
lish Literature,'  and  a  copy  of  Brunei's  '  Manuel 
du  Libraire  et  de  1'Amateur  de  Livres,'  1860-80, 
last  edition,  17/.  In  the  general  list  we  find 
Frankau's  'Eighteenth- Century  Colour  Prints,' 
81.  10s.  {this  was  published  at  181.  18-s.  net) ;  Bowdler 
Sharpe  and  Wyatt's  '  Monograph  of  the  Family  of 
Swallows,'  51.  ( published  at  1W.) ;  Wright's  'Court 
Hand  Restored,'  10-*.  M.  (published  at  21.  2s.) ; 
'  Warwick  Castle  and  its  Earls,'  by  the  Countess  of 
Warwick,  12*.  6d.  (published  at  30s.) ;  and  General 
Maisey's  '  Sanchi  and  its  Remains,'  II.  (this  gives  a 
full  description  of  the  ancient  buildings,  &c.). 

Mr.  Glaisher  in  his  spring  list  has  a  valuable  col- 
lection of  remainders,  offered  at  very  low  prices. 
We  quote  a  few,  also  giving  the  published  prices  ia 
parentheses :  Bryant's  '  Picturesque  America,'  25s. 
(81.  8s.)  ;  Flower's  '  Aquitaine/  10.*.  (31.  3*.) ; 
'Ascham's  Works,'  8s.  (II.)  ;  'Cruise  of  H.M.S. 
Bacchante,'  5*.  6rf.  (21.  12*.  6d.) ;  Blades's  '  Enemies- 
of  Books,'  6s.  (15s.) ;  Farrar's  '  Lives  of  the  Fathers,' 
9-*.  (21s.) ;  Heckethorn's  '  Lincoln's  Inn  Fields,'  5s. 
(21s.)  ;  Hennessy's  '  Novum  Repertorium  Eccle- 
siasticum  Parochiale  Londinense.'  fo.  6d.  (31.  3».)t 
Wey's  '  Rome,'  9s.  &l.  (21. 2*.) ;  '  The  Triqueti  Mar- 
bles in  tho  Albert  Memorial  Chapel  at  Windsor,1" 
10$.  (10?.  10s.);  and  Spenser's  'Faerie  Queene,' 
edited  by  Thomas  J.  Wise,  with  231  illustrations  by 
Walter  Crane,  41.  (101.  15s.  net). 

Mr.  Fred.  W.  Goad,  of  Bath,  has  a  good  general 
list,  including  works  on  Australia,  and  India.  Or- 
merod's  '  Cheshire '  is  4?.  5s. ;  Cussans's  '  Hertford- 
shire,'  1870-9,  67.  10-*.  (published  at  301.) ;  Morris's 
'Moths,'  1872,  21.  5s.;  Newman's  'Lives  of  the 
Saints ' ;  Stirling-Maxwell's  works,  6  vols.,  4/.  10s. ; 
'  Choice  Drollery,  Songs  and  Sonnets,'  from  the 
original  editions,  with  introductions  and  notes  by 
Ebsworth,  1875-6,  21s.  ;  and  Watt's  '  Bibliotheca 
Britannica,'  1824,  21.  2s. 


300 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [io*  s.  m.  APRIL  is,  IDQB. 


Mr.  Henry  Gray,  of  East  Acton. — Under  Military 
we  find  Dalby's  '  Journal  of  the  Household  Brigade,' 
1862-80,  19  vols.,  5^.  5s. ;  under  Coinage,  Lindsay's 
'  Coinage  of  the  Heptarchy,'  very  scarce,  15s.  Under 
Yorkshire  are  Clarkson's  '  Richmond,'  41.  is.,  and 
{Speight's  '  Upper  Wharfedale,'  21.  2$.  There  are 
many  works  under  Bedfordshire,  including  Lysons's 
'  Topographical  Account,'  1806-13,  31.  3s.,  and  sec- 
tions of  Harvey's  'History  of  Willey  Hundred.' 
Under  Hammersmith  is  Faulkner's  'Antiquities' 
of  the  parish,  with  notices  of  eminent  persons, 
1839,  30s.  A  large  portion  of  the  list  is  devoted 
to  works  on  families.  These  include  the  Emerson, 
Menzies,  Gondi,  Howard,  and  others. 

Murray's  Nottingham  Book  Company  have  a  copy 
of  the  "  She  "  Bible,  black  letter,  rare,  31.  3s. ;  Dug- 
dale's  '  Originea  Juridiciales,'  1666,  folio, first  edition, 
21.  10s.  ;  and  Foster's  '  Miniature  Painters,'  4Z.  10s. 
The  first  sixteen  volumes  of  the  John  Bull,  1820-36, 
are  priced  at  31.  13s.  Qd.  This  newspaper  is  ex- 
tremely rare.  A  copy  of  Selden's  '  Tracts,'  1683, 
folio,  is  priced  25s  ;  Sandys's  translation  of  Ovid's 
*  Metamorphosis,'  1632,  21.  9s.  Gd.  Other  items  are 
Smith's  '  Antiquities  of  Westminster,'  1807,  royal 
4to,  21.  17*'.  Qd. ;  Waring's  'Art  at  the  Exhibition 
of  1862,'  21.  7s.  Qd.  ;  the  first  edition  of  '  Vanity 
Fair,'  full  calf,  il.  \7s.Qd.  ;  Rogers's  'Poems,'  1834, 
uncut,  21.  7s.  Qd. ;  and  some  Spanish  works. 

Mr.  James  Roche  has  a  number  of  choice  sets  in 
fine  oalf  bindings.  These  include  Byron,  17  vols., 
1832-3,  21. 10s.  ;  Burke,  8  vols.,  1852, 11.  10s. ;  '  Curio- 
sities of  Literature,'  1834,  \l.  12s.  Qd.  ;  'Amenities 
of  Literature,'  1841,  II.  2s.  Qd. ;  and  Scott,  Cadell's 
edition,  1829,  Ql.  6s.  Among  recent  purchases  are 
Boydell's  prints,  1769, III.  11s. ;  '  Chronicon  Nurem- 
bergense,'  rare,  1493,  25  guineas  ;  and  ^yhitcombe's 
'  Naval  Achievements  of  Great  Britain,'  1816, 
scarce,  10?.  10s.  There  are  a  number  of  other  works 
with  coloured  illustrations.  '  The  Orleans  Gallery,' 
Paris,  1786-1806,  is  priced  8?.  8s. ;  a  handsome  copy 
of  Froissart,  2  vols.  imperial  8vo,  1848,  is  priced 
10?.  10s.;  and  Lewin's  'Birds,'  1789-91,  IQl.  16s. 
There  are  also  many  works  dealing  with  voyages 
and  travels. 

Mr.  A.  Russell  Smith  has  a  selection  of  topo- 

Saphicai  engravings  relating  to  English  counties, 
lie  views  are  of  great  interest ;  those  of  Middlesex 
include  Chelsea,  Buckingham  Palace  Road,Belgrave 
Road  with  the  Spring  Garden,  Marylebone  Gar- 
dens, and  the  Jew  s  Harp  Tea  Gardens,  &c. ;  most 
of  these  can  be  had  for  a  shilling  or  two  shillings 
each.  The  catalogue  is  well  worth  reading. 

Messrs.  W.  H.  Smith  &  Son's  April  list  com- 
prises a  number  of  new  remainders. 

Mr.  Thomas  Thorp,  of  Reading,  includes  in  his 
list  '  The  Antiquarian  and  Topographical  Cabinet,5 
1807,  10  vols.  12mo,  15s. ;  Hamilton's  '  Book-Plates, 
1516-1895,'  10s. ;  Sowerby's  '  Botany,'  151. 15s.  (pub- 
lished at  271.  15s.) ;  Buffon,  30  vols.  calf  gilt,  1819, 
Ql.  6s. ;  Holinshed's  'Chronicles,'  1577,  35s.  ;  and 
Stothard's  '  Monumental  Effigies  of  Great  Britain,' 
1817,  4?.  4s.  Under  Wales  is  Rowlands's  'Mona 
Antiqua  Restaurata,'  Dublin,  1723,  II.  18s.  Mr. 
Thorp  has  also  a  long  list  of  books  at  Is.  each. 

Mr.  H.  T.  Wake,  of  Fritchley,  Derby,  sends  us 
four  lists.  These  include  autographs  of  Louis  XVI. 
and  Napoleon.  There  are  also  coins  and  curios. 
We  must  again  express  a  wish  that  Mr.  Wake 
would  use  ordinary  type  for  his  catalogues. 

Messrs.  Henry  Young  &  Sons,  of  Liverpool,  have 
some  rare  books  in  their  illustrated  April  Catalogue, 


including  the  first  printed  edition  of  Arrian's 
'  Expeditions  of  Alexander  the  Great,'  12mo,  1535; 
a  Bible  in  Latin,  1482,  small  folio,  11.  7s.  (the  colo- 
phon states  in  Latin :  "I  am  a  Bible  from  Greek 
and  Hebrew  sources.  I  call  the  gods  and  stars  to 
witness  that  in  the  whole  world  there  is  not  any- 
thing like  unto  me,"  &c.) ;  'Dialogues  of  Creatures 
Moralised,'  edited  by  Haslewood,  copied  from  the 
1481  edition,  the  type  being  specially  cast  for  the 
purpose,  1816,  51.  5s. ;  and  Syr  Thomas  Elyot's  '  The 
Castel  of  Helth,'  1541,  52.  15s.  Qrl.  ;  this  work  is 
seldom  to  be  met  with,  and  has  never  been  reprinted 
since  1595.  Under  Horse  we  find  '  Heures  a  1'Usage 
de  Rome,'  printed  by  Vostre,  of  Paris,  1502,  price  151. 
This  has  over  500  wood  engravings,  in  the  main 
Scriptural,  but  the  secular  subjects  include  hockey, 
blind  man's  buff,  snowballing,  &c.  There  are  a 
number  of  works  of  the  Kelmscott  Press,  and  many 
items  under  Ireland,  London,  Turner,  and  Bar- 
tolozzi.  There  is  also  a  copy  of  "  the  incomparable 
edition  of  Virgil  by  Heyne,"  1800,  81.  &s.  This 
example  contains  a  number  of  additional  plates, 
inserted  by  that  "wealthy,  enthusiastic,  learned, 
and  fastidious  book-collector,"  the  Rev.  Theodore 
Williams  (about  1820).  Under  Walpole  is  the  first 
edition  of  'Copies  of  Seven  Original  Letters  from 
Edward  VI.  to  Barnaby  Fitz- Patrick,'  Strawberry 
Hill,  1772,  121.  12s.  This  is  marked  "  unique,"  only 
200  copies  having  been  printed  by  Horace  Walpole. 


to 

We  must  call  apecial  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 
put  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
heading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "Duplicate." 

W.  MERCER  ("English  Officials  under  Foreign 
Governments").  —  Baron  Ward  was  included  by 
R.  B.,  ante,  p.  130. 

R.  HEMMING  (10th  S.  iii.).  —  This  indicates  the 
third  volume  of  the  Tenth  Series.  A  Series  com- 
prises twelve  half-yearly  volumes.  The  query  from 
California  shall  appear  shortly.  The  subject  of 
"  Welsh  and  Japan  is  too  thorny. 

W.  M.  BATTEN. — We  have  always  many  queries 
waiting  for  insertion.  Yours  shall  appear  as  early 
as  possible. 

ERRATUM.— P.  275,  col.  2,  1.  13,  for  "denn"read 
denu. 

NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries '"—Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "The  Pub- 
lisher"—at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  B.C. 


WS.  m.  APRIL  is,  iocs.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUES  (APRIL). 


NEW  CATALOGUE, 

CONTAINING 

Large  COLLECTION  of  ARUNDBL  CHROMOS  (many 
rare) — choice  and  handsomely  Bound  Sets  of  Standard 
Authors — fine  illustrated  and  Coloured  Plate  Books — scarce 
Works  relating  to  America,  Australia,  India,  and  the  Bast — 
and  a  Miscellaneous  Collection  of  Voyages  and  Travels,  &c. 
Also  a  Set  of  the  Original  Water-Colour  Drawings  of  Lewin's 
Birds  of  Great  Britain. 

Sent  gratis  and  post  free  on  application  to 

JAMES      ROCHE, 

Book  and  Print  Seller, 

38,  NEW  OXFORD  STREET,  LONDON,  W.C. 


FRANCIS    EDWARDS, 

83,  HIGH  STREET,  MARYLEBONE, 

LONDON,  W. 

CATALOGUES  NOW  READY. 
ALPINE  LITERATURE.    4  pp. 
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301 


LONDON,  SATL'UUAY,  APRIL  Si,  1905. 


C  0  N  T  E  N  T  S.  -No.  69. 

NOTES  :-'Capt.  Thomas  Stukeley,'  301— Bacon  as  "Glen- 
dower,"  302— Barah  Outran,  Robert  Kmmet,  and  Major 
Sirr's  Papers— Kaster  Eggs,  303— Master  Sepulchre— Palm 
Sunday  and  Easter  Customs  —  A  Military  Execution— 
Rogestvensky,  304  — To-day:  To-morrow  —  "Yuloh  ": 
'•Laodah":  "  Circum-Baikal"  —  Wotton's  Letters— Polo- 
nius  and  Lord  Burleigh  :  Cecil  and  Montano,  305— Sir 
Timothy  Baldwin— Alexander  Luders,  306— Brian  Boru  : 
Concobar — Foot-warmers  in  Church,  307. 

QUERIBS  :— Tenses  in  Fiction  —  Mr.  Moxhay,  Leicester 
Square  Showman,  307— Lawrance  Family  of  Bath— Paint- 
ing of  Loom — Jennings  Arms — Prince  Albert  as  Poet  and 
Musical  Composer— Hallet  Family,  303— Wordsworth's 
Highland  Girl  — Toastmaster— Hooper  :  Elderton— D.  B. 
Warden— Bookbinding— "  Legenvre  "—Epigram  on  a  Hose 
— Lynde  :  Delalyude  — St.  Julian's  Pater  Noster— Buse 
Surname— Amberskins  :  Chocolate  Recipe,  309. 

RB PLIES  -.  —  Palindrome  —  Windsor  Castle  Sentry,  310  — 
John  Butler,  M.P.  for  Sussex— Queen  of  Duncan  II.— 
De  Morgan  :  Turville,  311— Great  Seal  of  Scotland— Penny 
Wares  Wanted— King's  Cock-Crower,  312— Irish  Folk-lore 
—  Martello  Towers  —  Francis  Douce  — Spratt  Family  — 
Dr.  James  Barry— Haswell  Family,  313— Horseshoes  for 
Luck—"  February  (ill  dyke  "—Battle-axe  Guard,  315— Sir 
James  Cotter— St.  Aylo'tt  — Heraldic— Vadstena  Church- 
War  Medals  —  Jacobean  Houses  in  Fleet  Street,  315  — 
Wooden  Fonts  —  Bacon  or  Usher?  —  Bibliographies  — 
Turing  :  Bamierman,  316—'  Directions  to  Churchwardens' 
—Small  Parishes  —  Raleigh's  '  Historic  of  the  World'— 
Shorter:  Walpole— House  of  An.jou— Russian  Names,  317 
— Twins — Tigernacus — Cureton's  Militants,  318. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :—' Augustiui  Dacti  Libell us '—'Piers 
Plowman'  modernized  by  Skeat  — Tennyson's  Poems— 
'The  English  Catalogue  of  Booki'—' Illuminated  Manu- 
scripts'—"  Cameo  Classics"— "York  Library "— •loter- 
mediaire' —  '  Folk-Lore '— '  The  Publishers'  Weekly'  — 
'  The  Library  Journal.' 


'CAPT.  THOMAS  STUKELEY.' 
AMONGST  the  best  of  the  less-known  plays 
of  the  so-called  Elizabethan  era  is  '  The 
Famous  History  of  the  Life  and  Death  of 
Capt.  Thomas  Stukeley,'  included  in  Simp- 
son's 'School  of  Shakspere.'  Of  the  plays 
of  that  great  era  accessible  to  me  this  was 
one  of  the  few  with  which  I  was  totally  un- 
acquainted ;  and  it  was  not  until  February 
of  this  year  that  I  embarked  upon  its  perusal. 
Expecting  little  literary  merit  in  the  play, 
which  has  been  favoured  with  none  of  the 
praise  so  generously  bestowed  upon  the 
work  of  even  the  lesser  dramatists  of  the 
period,  I  was  afforded  a  most  agreeable 
surprise.  In  the  first  three  acts  the  character 
of  Stukeley  is  magnificently  conceived  and 
excellently  sustained  ;  and  the  play  contains 
some  scenes  that  would  do  no  discredit  to 
any  play  of  the  period— notably  the  humorous 
third  scene  of  the  first  act  (in  Stukeley's 
lodgings),  and,  in  quite  a  different  vein,  the 
scene  of  farewell  between  Stukeley  and  his 
wife.  It  is  to  the  former  of  these  scenes  that 
I  wish  to  draw  particular  attention,  not  on 
account  of  its  merits,  but  because  it  seems  to 
me  that  the  authorship  of  it  can  scarcely  be 
a  matter  of  doubt  to  any  one  acquainted  with 


the  characteristics  of  our  leading  dramatic 
writers. 

Of  all  the  dramatists  of  that  golden  era  of 
English  literature  there  is  one  whose  handi- 
work can  ordinarily  be  picked  out  without 
hesitation  by  those  who  have  studied  his 
methods  and  his  mannerisms.  The  writer 
in  question  is  John  Fletcher,  who  created 
a  unique  medium  for  the  expression  of  his 
dramatic  ideas — a  blank  verse  as  different 
from  that  of  Shakspere  as  it,  in  its  turn, 
differed  from  the  monotonous  sing-song  of 
the  overrated  Peele.  The  chief  character- 
istics of  the  very  flexible — indeed,  too  flex- 
ible— verse  of  Fletcher  are  its  abundance  of 
feminine  endings,  the  frequency  with  which 
the  over-syllable  is  accented,  the  tendency  to 
anapaestic  verse,  and  the  reversion  to  the 
system  of  end-stopt  lines  from  which  English 
blank  verse  had  been  emancipated  by  a 
greater  than  he.  There  were  other  drama- 
tists who  employed  feminine  endings,  but 
none  who  employed  them  with  anything  ap- 
proaching the  frequency  of  Fletcher,  and  none 
who  ventured  on  triple  and  quadruple  endings 
to  the  extent  that  he  did.  He  stands  out  even 
more  by  virtue  of  his  use  of  the  accented 
over-syllable  ;  for,  though  it  was  adopted  by 
both  Middleton  and  Massinger,  neither  used 
it  so  extensively  as  its  originator.  He  is 
almost  as  distinguishable  by  the  body  of  his 
verse  as  by  its  endings,  by  reason  of  its  con- 
taining not  only  frequent  anapaests,  but  not 
unseldom  three  or  four  unaccented  syllables 
standing  together.  In  no  one  of  these 
respects  does  his  verse  stand  quite  alone  ; 
but  it  is  absolutely  unique  in  the  combi- 
nation of  them.  His  plays  are  also  cha- 
racterized by  absence  of  rime  and,  except 
in  his  early  work,  by  absence  of  prose. 

That  this  verse  of  Fletcher's  was  not  a 
matter  of  gradual  evolution,  but  a  deliberate 
invention,  is  shown  not  only  by  the  adoption 
of  a  novelty  in  the  emphatic  over-syllable, 
but  also  by  the  reversion  to  the  old-fashioned 
end-stopt  line.  It  therefore  came  upon  me 
as  a  very  great  surprise  to  discover  in  the 
third  scene  of  the  first  act  of  '  Stukeley  '  an 
anticipation  of  every  one  of  the  prime  cha- 
racteristics of  Fletcher.  I  was  the  more 
astounded  because  I  was  under  the  impres- 
sion that  the  play  had  been  published  in  the 
middle  nineties ;  but  when  I  saw  not  only 
that  the  mechanism  of  the  verse  was  Flet- 
cher's, but  also  that  the  modes  of  expression 
and  the  tone  of  the  dialogue  were  distinctly 
his,  I  came  to  the  conclusion  that  this  was 
no  anticipation  of  Fletcher's  style  and 
manner,  but  his  actual  work.  Looking  up 
for  the  first  time  the  date  of  the  play,  I 


302 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [io*  s.  m.  APRIL  22. 1905. 


found  that  it  was  printed  in  1G05.  This  is  a 
very  early  date  for  Fletcher,  but  not  too 
early,  since  his  play  '  Woman's  Prize '  bears 
internal  evidence  of  having  been  written  in 
its  original  form  about  1603-4,  as  in  it  the 
siege  of  Ostend,  which  ended  in  1G04,  is  men- 
tioned as  if  still  proceeding.  The  date  of 
'Woman's  Prize'  is  also  fairly  well  fixed  by 
the  following  circumstances.  The  play  is  a 
continuation  of  Shakspere's  'Taming  of  the 
Shrew,'  which  contains  allusions  to  Hey  wood's 
'  Woman  killed  with  Kindness  '  (1602-3)  and 
Chettle,  Dekker,  and  Haughton's  'Patient 
Grissil '  (produced  1599-1600,  but  certainly 
altered  prior  to  publication  in  1603).  'Patient 
Grissil '  alludes  to  both  'Taming  of  the  Shrew  ' 
and  Dekker's  '  Medicine  for  a  Curst  Wife,' 
which  was  produced  in  July,  1602  ("curst," 
be  it  noted,  means  "shrewish").  Finally, 
'  Woman's  Prize,'  like  '  Taming  of  the  Shrew,' 
contains  an  allusion  to  '  Woman  killed  with 
Kindness.'  These  plays  may  be  taken  to  be 
all  (some  in  their  earlier  and  some  in  their 
later  forms)  contemporaneous;  and  they  were 
apparently  to  some  extent  rival  plays.  The 
sub-title  of  'Woman's  Prize,'  moreover,  con- 
nects it  directly  with  Shakspere's  play,  and 
that  is  probably  its  original  title.  It  was 
revised,  perhaps,  a  decade  later,  to  which  date 
must  be  ascribed  the  allusions  to  Jonson's 
'  Silent  Woman  '  (1609)  and  Shakspere's  '  Lear ' 
(1605).  As  further  proof  of  Fletcher's  early 
connexion  with  the  stage,  it  may  be  noted 
that  D'Avenant  speaks  of  him  as  having 
•worn  the  bays  "full  twenty  years";  and,  as 
he  died  in  1625,  we  have  here  additional 
reason  for  thinking  1605  not  too  early  a  date 
for  him.  But  even  had  we  no  definite 
reason  to  believe  that  Fletcher  was  then 
writing  for  the  stage,  I  should  need  only  a 
possibility  of  his  authorship  to  feel  justified 
in  saying  in  regard  to  this  scene  of  '  Stukeley  ' 
(and  this  scene  alone),  "Aut  Fletcher  aut 
diabolus." 

Since  the  above  was  written,  I  have  seen 
it  stated  that  '  Woman's  Prize '  has  been 
assigned  to  1604  by  Mr.  Thorndike.  I  regret 
that  I  am  unacquainted  with  either  that 
gentleman's  work  or  the  reasons  whereby  he 
reached  his  conclusion.  E.  H.  C.  O. 

New  South  Wales. 

(To  be  continued.) 


BACON  AS  "GLENDOWER." 
WE  are  continually  being  told  that  Bacon 
is  the  right  claimant  to  the  credit  of  having 
written  certain  plays.  It  does  not  seem  to 
have  been  observed  how,  with  his  inimitable 
power  of  ridicule,  Shakespeare  himself  treated 


such  pretensions.  He  took  good  care  that, 
at  any  rate,  there  should  be  no  mistake  as 
to  the  authorship  of  the  '  First  Part  of 
Henry  IV.' 

He  strikes  the  right  note  in  the  very  first 
line  of  the  play,  which  is  keenly  satirical : 
"  So  shaken  as  we  are,  so  wan  witli  care  "- 
i.e.,  the  poet,  who  alludes  to  his  own  name 
in  the  second  word,  pretends  that  he  is  quite 
"  wan  with  care "  at  hearing  of  Bacon's 
claims  ;  and  in  the  third  scene  he  intro- 
duces Worcester,  who  proceeds  to  explain  to 
Hotspur  (who  here  and  in  Act  III.  is  partly 
the  mouthpiece  of  Shakespeare)  something 
as  to  the  nature  of  these  claims  : — 

And  noic  I  will  unclasp  a  secret  book, 
And  to  your  quick-conceiving  discontents 
I  '11  read  you  matter  deep  and  dangerous  ; 
As  full  of  peril  and  adventurous  spirit 
As  to  o'erwalk  a  current  roaring  loud 
On  the  wuteadf cut  footing  of  a  xpear. 

This  was  a  pretty  strong  hint  that  Bacon 
had  even  then  hatched  a  plan  of  contriving 
"a  secret  book,"  by  means  of  which  he 
would,  to  his  rival's  "quick-conceiving  dis- 
contents," hope  to  pass  over  the  "current"" 
of  popular  opinion  by  trusting  to  the  chance- 
that  the  spe<ir  which  he  claimed  would  not 
shake. 

But  Hotspur  is  merely  amused,  and  replies, 
calmly  enough  : — 

If  he  [Bacon]  fall  in,  good  night  ! 

In  Act  II.  the  duel  is  continued  after 
another  sort.  In  sc.  i.  the  second  carter- 
says  :— 

"I  have  a  gammon  of  bacon  and  two  razes  of 
ginger,  to  be  delivered  as  far  as  Charing  Cross"  ; 

meaning,  of  course,  "I  have  an  absurd 
pretension  of  Bacon's  which  I  hope  to  be- 
delivered  from  shortly.1'  And  in  the  next 
scene  he  proceeds  to  business  by  the  mouth' 
of  Falstaff;  and  he  now  speaks  plainly 
enough  : — 

"  Strike,  down  with  them ;  cut  the  villains-^ 
throats  !  ah,  caterpillars  !  Bacon-fed  knaves  !  they 
hate  us  youth  !  down  with  them  !  " 

And  yet  again,  in  tones  of  fine  scorn  : — 

"Hang  ye!  gprbelli'ed  knaves!  are  ye  undone?' 
No,  ye  fat  chuffs;  I  would  your  store  were  here  !: 
On,  Bacons,  on!  What,  ye  knaves,  young  men 
must  live.  You  are  yrand-jurors,  are  ye?  We'll 
'jure  ye  [adjure  you],  i'  faith  ! " 

This  is  tolerably  strong  ;  but  the  author  ofr 
this  play  had  by  no  means  done  with  his 
rival  yet.  He  must  be  still  more  clearly 
pointed  out,  and  dismissed  by  something 
better  than  mere  honest  scorn.  So  he  returns- 
to  the  subject  in  Act  III.,  by  boldly  intro- 
ducing Bacon  himself  in  the  character  of 
Glendower ;  and  here  the  contrast  between* 


io'"  s.  in.  APRIL  22, 1905.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


303 


the  pompous  self  -  glorification  of  the  one 
and  the  easy  banter  of  the  other  becomes 
intensely  amusing  to  all  who  are  in  the  secret. 
Glendower  begins  by  asserting,  as  a  matter 
beyond  contradiction,  that  he  is  the  true 
shaker,  the  true  Shakespeare: — 

At  my  birth 

The  frame  and  huge  foundation  of  the  earth 
Shaked  like  a  coward. 

The  rebuff  comes  promptly  : — 

"  Why,  so  it  would  have  done  at  the  same  season, 
if  your  mother's  cat  had  but  kittened,  though  your- 
self had  never  been  lorn!" 

Poor  Glendower  can  only  repeat  himself  :— 

I  say,  the  earth  did  shake  when  I  was  born. 
It  is  needless  to  quote  the  whole  passage, 
which  is  truly  delightful  when  its  secondary 
meaning  is  thus  read  into  it.  The  iteration 
of  "it  shook"  "did  tremble,"  "In  passion 
shook,"  is  obviously  intentional. 

Bacon  is  half  inclined   to  give  in,  feeling 
that  the  contest  is  becoming  unequal  : — 
Cousin,  of  many  men 

I  do  not  bear  these  crowing*.    Give  me  leave,  &c. 

The  true  self-conscious  ability  of  the  man 
breaks  out  in  the  irrepressible  words  :  — 
And  all  the  courses  of  my  life  do  show 

I  am  not  in  the  roll  of  common  men 

And  bring  him  out  that  is  but  toonuat't  son 
Can  trace  me  in  the  tedious  jca//*  of  art 
And  hold  me  pace  in  deep  experiment*. 

The  personal  reference  in  those  keen  words — 
"deep  experiments" — can  hardly  be  missed. 
But  all  the  reply  that  is  vouchsafed  to  him 
is:  "I  think  there  is  no  man  speaks  better 
Welsh."  And  when,  even  after  this,  Bacon 
still  persists,  Shakespeare  roundly  tells  him 
that  the  only  way  "to  shame  the  devil"  is 
"  by  telling  truth."  It  was  excellent  advice. 
CELER. 

SARAH  CURRAN,  ROBERT  EMMET,  AND 
MAJOR  SIRR'S  PAPERS. 

RECENTLY  I  saw  the  original  inquiry  of 
FRANCESCA  (9th  S.  iii.  349),  who  quotes  from 
'Irish  Pedigrees'  (John  O'Ha'ra),  but  I 
wonder  upon  what  authority  Mr.  O'Hara 
has  stated,  in  referring  to  "  the  love  letters 
from  Sarah  Curran  to  Robert  Emmet,"  that 
"Major  Sirr  of  1798  memory"  found  them 
"  so  pathetic  that  he  says  he  wept  over  them." 

MR.  H.  GERALD  HOPE,  at  9th  S.  iii.  472, 
quoted  from  'Ireland  in  '98'  (compiled  by 
Daly  from  Madden's  '  United  Irishmen '"), 
and  suggested  an  examination  of  "  the 
truculent  major's  '  papers  in  the  library 
of  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  to  verify  the 
declaration  that  Miss  Curran's  correspond- 
ence was  burnt  by  Major  Sirr  some  years 
before  his  death.  The  use  of  the  extremely 


misleading  epithet  "truculent,"  derived  from 
Madden,  is  a  sufficient  warning  that  state- 
ments concerning  Major  Sirr  do  indeed 
require  verification.  An  interesting  anec- 
dote with  which  Madden's  autobiography 
('  Memoirs  of  A.  A.  Madden,'  London,  1891) 
opens,  and  which  ought  to  have  appeared 
much  earlier  in  'The  United  Irishmen/ 
shows  that  "truculent"  is  not  borne  out — 
the  '  Dictionary  of  National  Biography  > 
should  suffice  to  satisfy  the  general  reader. 
Indeed,  Madden  in  this  anecdote  admits  that 
Major  Sirr's  consideration  possibly  saved  the 
lives  of  both  the  autobiographer  and  his 
mother. 

The  note  at  the  foot  of  a  letter  among  the- 
Sirr  Papers  in  the  library  of  Trinity  College, 
Dublin,  bears  out  Mr.  Daly's  declaration  as 
to  the  fate  of  the  correspondence  between 
Miss  Curran  and  Emmet.  I  give  a  copy  of  the- 
letter  and  of  the  note.  The  initials  J.  D.  S. 
are  those  of  Major  Sirr's  eldest  son,  the  Rev. 
Joseph  D'Arcy  Sirr,  D.D.  Doubtless  this 
note  was  Mr.  Daly's  authority  : — 

From  IP  Hon.  Jr.  Wick-ham  on  arrest  of 
Mitt  Curran. 

at  the  Lord  Chancellors, 
Friday  2  p.m. 

Dr  Sir, — I  lament  exceedingly  the  circumstance 
of  Mr  Curran's  absence  from  his  country  house  on 
your  arrival  there,  and  am  much  distressed  to  leara 
the  state  of  Miss  Curran's  mind  as  described  in, 
your  letter. 

I  think  it  better,  on  the  whole,  that  you  should 
leave  the  house  &  return  without  delay  to  town. 
It  is  probable  that  Mr  Attorney  General  will  be  with 
you  as  soon  as  this  letter,  but  in  any  case  I  think 
you  had  better  come  away  leaving  Miss  S.  Curtail 
to  the  care  of  her  sisters. 

Very  truly  yours 

Major  Sirr.  W'u  Wickhann 

One  letter  from  Emmet  was  torn  into  fragments- 
immediately  upon  my  father's  visit.  They  were 
preserved  &  with  great  care  reunited.  The  atrocious, 
sentiments  it  expressed  were  all  but  diabolical. 
Never  was  such  tenderness  shewn  to  anyone  as  to- 
this  unfortunate  &  misguided  lady.  I  saw  the- 
correspondence  between  her  and  Emmet  tied  up  & 
sealed,  in  six  or  seven  immense  piles,  &  occupying- 
a  space  of  about  a  yard  square.  They  were  after- 
wards deliberately  consumed  out  of  compassion  to- 
the  family.  Never  was  such  a  correspondence- 
carried  on  between  lovers.  Projects  of  domestic 
peace  were  all  subordinated  to  those  of  public- 
massacre  &  wrong.  In  one  letter  the  poor  maniacal 
woman  gloated  with  satisfaction  at  the  prospect 
of  seeing  her  father  hung  from  a  tree  in  his  own 
orchard.  J.  D.  S. 

I  believe  I  have  seen  it  stated  that  Curran 
never  forgave  his  daughter  for  bestowing  her 
affections  on  Emmet.  H.  SIRR. 


EASTER  EGGS. — Eggs  payable  at  Easter 
were    usually  part  of    the    rent  due    from. 


304 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [io«- s.  m.  APRIL  22, 1905. 


tenants  under  ecclesiastical  lords.  For 
instance,  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  St.  Paul's 
•must  have  received  a  vast  number  of  eggs 
from  their  many  tenants  ;  see  the  particulars 
in  the  '  Domesday  of  St.  Paul's,'  Camd.  Soc., 
pp.  17-19,  23.  26,  33-4,  43,  48,  51,  57,  62,  67-8, 
72,  77,  81,  83,  104,  &c.  The  eggs  were  to  be 
collected  "  contra  Pascha,"  and  were  to  be 
paid  at  that  feast  "ad  honorem  Domini." 
At  Worcester  Priory  the  monks  had  eggs  for 
supper  at  Easter  and  Trinity;  see  further 
instances  in  the  'Register  of  Worcester 
Priory,'  Camd.  Soc.,  pp.  25a,  32b,  33b,  127a, 
and  in  the  '  Custumals  of  Battle  Abbey,' 
Camd.  Soc.,  pp.  27,  98-9,  118,  &c.  A  short 
form  for  the  Benediction  of  Easter  Eggs  is 
in  the  'York  Manual.'  Surtees  Soc.,  p.  43*. 

W.  C.  B. 

EASTER  SEPULCHRE.  (See  8th  S.  i.  310  ;  vii. 
283;  9th  S.  i.  284;  vii.  264;  10th  S.  i.  265.)- 
At  St.  Mary  Woolnoth,  in  1539,  they  paid 
•"for  watching  of  the  sepulture,  viijd" 
<' Registers'  of  S.M.W.,  1886,  p.  xvii).  In 
1521  a  testator  left  two  ewes  and  two  lambs 
to  provide  a  light  "afore  the  sepulcre  at 
Morton,  never  to  be  put  furthe  from  good 
irydaye,  that  candles  be  lighted  afore  the 
sepulcre,  unto  the  resurrection  on  Eastre 
•claie  in  the  morning";  and  in  1527  another 
testator  ordered  his  tomb  to  be  made  of  a 
convenient  height,  "  that  the  sepulcre  at 
Easter  tyme  may  stand  upon"  it  ('Visitations 
of  Southwell,'  Camd.  Soc.,  pp.  119,  128). 
There  are  some  notes  on  the  Easter  sepulchre 
in  The  Antiquary,  xxxvi.  22.  W.  C.  B. 

PALM  SUNDAY  AND  EASTER  CUSTOMS.— The 
following  payments  were  made  at  St.  Mary 
Woolnoth  ('Registers,'  1886,  pp.  xvii,  liii)  : — 

1539.  On  Palme  Sunday  for  brede  ale  and  wyne 
•geven  to  the  preists  and  clarkes  at  reding  of  the 
Passion,  vij'1. 

For  palme  flowers  and  caks  on  Palme  Sunday,  vi'1. 

1540.  For  setting  up  the  railes  upon  the  leds  on 
Palme  Sunday,  iiid. 

At  St.  Mary  Woolchurch  Haw  : — 

1637, 1642.  Herbs  and  flowers  to  strew  the  church 
at  Easter,  Is.  'Id.,  3*.  2d. 

W.  C.  B. 

A  MILITARY  EXECUTION. — In  T.P.'s  Weekly 
of  the  7th  inst.  a  contributor  gives  an  account 
of  'A  Military  Execution'  in  Malta  at  the 
•end  of  the  year  1861,  as  it  was  told  him, 
some  five  years  ago,  by  the  late  General 
'Keate.  I  doubt  if  Keate  was  present  on  the 
-occasion,  but  I  was,  and  my  recollections  of 
it  are  distinct  arid  enable  me  to  point  out 
some  inaccuracies  in  the  account  just  pub- 
lished, especially  as  to  the  prisoner  having 
jstood  to  be  fired  at,  and  falling  forward,  and 


as  to  the  troops  having   marched  past  the 
body  in  slow  time. 

I  was  then  a  captain  in  one  of  the  regi- 
ments assembled  in  Fort  Ricasoli  to  witness 
the  execution. 

The  parade  was  formed  at  7  A.M.,  the  troops 
forming  three  sides  of  a  square,  whose  fourth 
side  (seaward)  was  vacant.  The  prisoner  was 
in  the  cells  near  the  entrance  to  the  fort, 
behind  the  parade,  and  from  these  cells  the 
procession  started,  to  the  music  of  the  'Dead 
March '  played  by  massed  bands.  It  passed 
slowly  along  the  front  of  the  troops,  from 
right  to  left.  First  came  the  Provost-Marshal, 
an  artillery  sergeant,  then  a  dozen  men  with 
carbines  (the  firing  party),  then  the  massed 
bands  with  muffled  drums,  then  four  men 
carry  ing  a  plain  black  coffin,  then  the  prisoner, 
accompanied  on  one  side  by  a  comrade,  and 
on  the  other  by  a  surpliced  clergyman  who 
was  reading  quietly  from  a  Prayer-Book.  The 
prisoner  was  in  his  shell-jacket,  which  was 
unbuttoned  at  the  chest  and  showed  a  linen 
shirt.  His  hands  were  pinioned  in  front  of 
him.  As  he  passed  me  I  observed  that  his 
face  was  pale,  and  his  eyes  fixed  on  the 
coffin  before  him.  Some  artillerymen  fol- 
lowed him.  The  procession  having  arrived 
at  the  blank  side  of  the  square,  the  coffin 
was  put  down,  the  bands  filed  off,  and  the 
prisoner,  the  clergyman,  the  comrade,  and 
the  Provost-Marshal  remained  together  while 
the  Assistant-Adjutant-General  read  the 
charges  against  the  prisoner,  the  finding  of 
guilty,  the  sentence  "  to  be  shot  to  death 
by  musketry,"  and  the  confirmation  by  his 
Excellency  the  Governor,  who  was  also 
general  officer  commanding  in  the  island. 

Then  the  Provost- Marshal  blindfolded  the 
prisoner  and  shook  hands  with  him.  The 
clergyman  then  shook  hands  with  him,  then 
his  comrade. 

The  prisoner  knelt  on  his  right  knee.  The 
firing  party  also  knelt,  and  under  the  cloud 
of  smoke  from  the  discharge  of  their  carbines 
I  saw  the  prisoner  fall  on  his  right  side. 
Then  the  Provost-Marshal  went  close  up  to 
him  and  fired  a  pistol-shot  into  his  head. 

All  the  troops  present  then  marched  past 
the  body  in  quick  time,  four  abreast.  A 
quantity  of  sand  had  been  strewn  for  the 
man's  blood  to  soak  into.  W.  S. 

ROGESTVENSKY.  —  Every  newspaper  has 
adopted  its  own  way  of  spelling  the  name  of 
the  Russian  admiral  now  commanding  in 
Eastern  waters,  and  some  have  attempted  to 
defend  their  idiosyncrasies.  It  may  prob- 
ably interest  your  readers  to  know  that  he 
himself,  when  in  this  country  ten  years  ago  as 


io">s.  in.  APRIL  •>>,  1905.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


305 


naval  attache,  wrote  it  Rogestvensky.  I 
presume  the  y  has  the  sound  of  the  English,/, 
which  is  dzh,  not  of  the  French./,  which  is  zh 
— in  no  case  can  it  be  zhd,  a  combination  of 
letters  which  does  not  convey  any  distinct 
meaning  to  me.  I  may  say  that  Admiral 
(then^Capt.)  Rogestvensky  was  a  member  of 
the  Xavy  Records  Society,  and  that  I,  as  its 
secretary,  had  several  letters  from  him. 

J.  K.  LAUGHTON. 

TO-DAY:  TO-MORROW.  (See  ante,  p.  211.)— 
It  shows  great  temerity  to  differ  from  PROF. 
SKEAT,  whom  we  all  honour  and  respect  with 
good  reason  ;  but  till  I  know  better,  till  he 
produces  his  evidence,  though  he  writes  so 
confidently,  I  cannot  agree  with  him.  "Do 
as  you  're  doing,  and  I  '11  see  ye  the  morn." 
Does  PROF.  SKEAT  say  this  Scotticism  is 
not  equivalent  to  " I '11  see  thee  to- 
morrow"? To  dnum  dcege,  I  doubt  not, 
means  "  for  one  day " ;  but  surely  that  is 
quite  different.  Again,  he  does  not  prove 
his  case  by  telling  us  there  are  examples  of 
to  with  the  inflected  infinitive.  Of  course ; 
why  not  1  When  the  infinitive  was  marked 
by  an  inflexion  -en,  as  still  in  German,  why 
should  it  drop  this  when  the  infinitive  is 
preceded  by  the  article  to,  equal  to  the,  as 
currently  used  in  Yorkshire  and  in  Lowland 
Scottish,  as  "  t'  archdeacon  "  ? 

To-day  does  not  mean  at  a  day  or  on  a 
day,  but  this  day.  I  hope  the  Professor  will 
say  a  little  more ;  some  of  his  disciples 
need  it.  T.  WILSON. 

Harpenden. 

MR.  WILSON'S  doubts  (ante,  p.  151)  as  to 
the  prepositional  nature  of  the  to  in  to-day, 
to-morrow,  and  of  the  to  which  is  the  sign  of 
the  infinitive,  are  unfounded. 

LIONEL  R.  M.  STRACIIAN. 

Heidelberg,  Germany. 

"YULOH":  "LAODAH":  "  CIRCUM-BAIKAL." 
— These  words  are  worth  noting.  The  first 
two  are  Anglo  Chinese  words  of  almost  daily 
occurrence  in  the  English  newspapers  of  the 
Far  East.  The  yulon  is  the  single  oar  used 
over  the  stern  for  the  propulsion  of  sampans 
and  barges,  after  the  manner  sometimes 
called  sculling  in  England.  To  yuloh  is  to 
row  a  boat  in  that  fashion.  The  meaning  is 
literally  "  push  and  pull  wood,"  and  as  the 
rower  stands  at  one  side,  and  not  at  the  end 
of  the  oar  as  in  sculling,  the  pushing  and 
pulling  are  actually  what  occur.  Engineers 
assert  that  yulohiny  is  the  most  effective 
method  of  manual  propulsion. 

The  laodah  or  lowdah  is  the  chief  boatman, 
generally  in  charge  of  the  crew  of  a  house- 
boat or  small  yacht.  The  word  means  "old, 


big,"  or,  to  use  a  very  common  description,, 
"number  one."  The  degrees  of  iniquity  as- 
expressed  in  the  characters  of  one's  servants 
are  :  positive,  house-boy  ;  comparative,  mafoo- 
(coachman) ;  superlative,  laodah. 

Circum-Baikal,  as  indicating  that  portion 
of  the  Siberian  Railway  round  the  lake,  I 
have  seen  several  times  in  American  and 
Anglo  Chinese  newspapers  lately. 

Dun  AH  Coo. 

Hongkew. 

WOTTON'S  LETTERS.  —  It  is  stated  at  the- 
end  of  the  first  of  the  interesting  articles 
contributed  by  A.  S.  on  Father  Paul  Sarpi 
(ante,  p.  45)  that  Wotton's  letter  dated 
17  January,  1G37,  addressed  "  To  the  Right 
Worthy  Provost  and  Professor  Regius  of 
Divinity  in  Cambridge,"  was  included,  for 
the  first  time,  in  the  1685  edition  of  'Reliquiae- 
Wottonianse.'  This  is  not  quite  correct,  as- 
the  letter  was  printed  in  the  1672  edition  of 
the  'Reliquiae.'  If  a  careful  comparison  is; 
made  between  this  edition  and  that  of  1685, 
it  will  be  seen  that,  as  far  as  the  '  Table ' 
(pp.  [583-4]),  the  latter  is  a  page-for-page  and 
line- for -line  reprint  of  its  predecessor. 
Differences  in  typography  and  spelling  show 
that  the  type  was  reset,  but  otherwise  the 
two  editions  are  identical.  To  the  1685  edition 
was  of  course  added  the  series  of  letters 
addressed  to  Lord  Zouch  which  bring  the 
pagination  down  to  [714]. 

It  is  good  news  to  learn  (ante,  pp.  201-2) 
that  a  collection  of  Sir  Henry  Wotton's 
letters  and  dispatches  is  about  to  be  produced 
under  competent  editorship.  The  happy,  if 
somewhat  insouciant,  disposition  of  the  genial 
Provost  of  Eton  renders  him  one  of  the  most 
interesting  personalities  of  the  Jacobean 
age.  Hitherto  we  have  had  to  depend  on 
the  'Reliquire,'  and  the  collections  issued 
by  the  lloxburghe  Club  in  1850  and  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries  in  1867  (Archteologia, 
vol.  xl.),  from  the  MSS.  preserved  respectively 
in  the  libraries  of  Eton  College  and  of  Corpus 
Christi  College,  Oxford.  There  are  several 
inedited  letters  in  the  State  Paper  Office  and 
in  other  depositories,  and  an  annotated  edition 
of  Wotton's  correspondence,  arranged  in 
chronological  order,  will  be  a  boon  to  students 
of  the  literature  and  diplomacy  of  the 
Elizabethan  and  Jacobean  periods. 

W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

POLONIUS  AND  LORD  BURLEIGH  :  CECIL  AND 
MONTANO. — It  was  first  suggested,  I  believe* 
by  George  Russell  French,  in  'Shakespereana 
Genealogica,'  London,  1868,  that  in  the 
character  of  Polonius  Lord  Treasurer  Bur- 
leigh  is  satirized.  Polonius's  precepts  to 


306 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,    no*  s.  m.  APRIL  22,  IMS. 


Laertes  bear  a  very  striking  resemblance  to 
Burleigh's  precepts  to  his  son  Robert  on  the 
•eve  of  the  latter's  departure  for  Paris.  The 
matter  has  been  several  times  referred  to  in 
'  N.  <fe  Q.,'  but  not,  so  far  as  I  have  seen,  the 
particular  phase  of  it  which  follows,  and 
which,  if  I  am  right,  goes  to  confirm  Mr. 
French's  surmise.  Why  did  Hamlet  call 
Polonius  a  fishmonger?  Various  reasons  have 
been  suggested  ;  but  if  by  Polonius  was  meant 
Burleigh,  the  answer  is  rather  clear.  I  copy 
the  following  from  the  'Encyc.  Brit.,'  art. 
4  Cecil':— 

"  To  make  up  for  the  loss  to  the  shipping  which 
the  downfall  of  Catholicism  had  caused  by 
diminishing  the  demand  for  fish,  he  [Burleigh] 
obtained  the  passing  of  a  curious  law  which  made 
the  eating  of  flesh  on  Friday  and  Saturday,  and  on 
Wednesday,  unless  fish  dishes  were  also  placed  on 
the  table,  a  misdemeanour." 

When  the  law  was  new  and  fresh  in  the 
minds  of  the  people  the  topical  allusion  could 
hardly  fail  to  appear  very  pointed  —  and 
amusing  to  every  one  but  the  Lord 
Treasurer. 

But  there  are  two  other  points  on  which  T 
seek  enlightenment.  In  the  early  version  of 
the  play  (1603)  Polonius  is  called  Corambis, 
and  his  servant  Reynaldo  is  called  Montana 
Why  were  these  changes  made  ?  Webster's 
dictionary  says  that  Cecil  is  from  the  Latin, 
meaning  dim-sighted.  Corambis  might  be 
derived  from  coram  and  bis,  and  suggest 
seeing  double,  or  perhaps  from  corymbe, 
cori/mbis,  the  name  of  a  herb  supposed  to 
cause  dimness  of  vision.  In  either  case  it 
would  seem  like  a  play  on  Burleigh's  family 
name.  This  being  so,  it  would  seem  likely 
that,  after  Burleigh's  death  in  1598,  some- 
body thought  it  best  to  change  the  name  to 
prevent  the  satire  appearing  too  obvious. 
Again,  it  is  well  known  that  Burleigh  was 
not  above  using  spies,  of  whom  he  employed 
many.  If  one  of  these  was  named  Hill  or 
Mount,  or  something  similar,  it  would  account 
for  the  original  name  of  Reynaldo,  who  is 
set  by  Polonius  to  spy  upon  Laertes. 

Does  Cecil  mean  dim-sighted  ?  and  is  there 
any  evidence  that  Lord  Burleigh  had  a  ser- 
vant with  a  name  anything  like  Montano, 
especially  one  employed  on  secret  service1? 
ISAAC  HULL  PLA.TT. 

New  York. 

SIR  TIMOTHY  BALDWIN.  (See  6th  S.  x.  267.) 
- — This  successful  lawyer  was  the  second  of 
the  three  sons  of  Charles  Baldwyn  (died 
14  February,  1674),  of  Elsich,  in  Diddlebury, 
Shropshire,  by  his  wife  Mary,  daughter  and 
•coheiress  of  Francis  Holland,  of  Burwarton 
in  the  same  county,  and  was  baptized  on 


28  September,  1619  (Transactions  of  the 
Shropshire  Archaeological  Society,  ix.  291, 
298).  He  made  his  will  on  1  May,  1685,  as 
"Sr  Timothy  Baldwyn  of  Bockleton  in  the 
county  of  Worcester,  Kfc,  being  of  sound  and 
perfect  memory,  though  languishing  and  weak 
in  Body,"  and  desired  to  be  "  buried  privately 
in  the  Church  att  Bockleton  (if  I  there  dye)." 
Liberal  provision  was  made  for  his 
"dearly  beloved  wife,  all  which  is  to  little  for  her 
great  care  and  Love  to  me,  and  which  I  hope  she 
will  continue  to  her  daughter  my  dear  neece  for  her 
care  and  piety  towards  me." 
Two  nieces  are  mentioned  :  Mrs.  Ottley,  wife 
of  Thomas  Ottley,  Esq.,  of  Pitchford,  Shrop- 
shire, and  Miss  Anne  Baldwyn.  He  gave  to 
"little  Acton  Baldwyn  all  his  Books  att 
London."  Sir  Timothy  lived  for  several  years 
longer.  Hiswill(P.C.C.  24,  Pyne)  was  proved  on 

22  February,  1696  [-7],  by  his  nephew  Charles 
Baldwyn,  Esq.    From  his  monument,  given  in 
Nash's  '  Worcestershire'  (i.  117),  we  learn  that 
Charles     Baldwyn    was    Chancellor    of    the 
diocese  of  Hereford  and  father  of  the"  little 
Acton  "  referred  to.     These  scraps  may  pos- 
sibly interest  those  who  are  acquainted  with 
the  excellent  article  on  the  worthy  knight  in 
the'D.N.B.'  GORDON  GOODWIN. 

ALEXANDER  LUDERS. — By  way  of  supple- 
ment to  the  account  given  in  the  '  D.N.B.' 
(xxxiv.  252)  of  this  legal  and  historical 
writer,  who  died  at  Widcombe,  Bath,  in  his 
sixty-fourth  year,  on  25  November,  1819 
(Gentleman's  Magazine,  Ixxxix.  ii.  569),  it 
may  be  added  that  from  time  to  time  be- 
tween 1777  and  1800  he  attended  the  annual 
Wykehamist  dinner  at  the  "Crown  and 
Anchor"  Tavern  in  the  Strand,  and  is  there- 
fore presumably  to  be  identified  with  the 
Luders  who,  according  to  the  school  rolls, 
was  a  commoner  at  Winchester  College  1768- 
1770.  He  married  a  "Miss  Scawell  [?  read 
Seawell ;  cf.  Ix.  186],  of  Gower  Street,"  on 

23  November,  1787  ;  and  his  wife  is  said  to 
have  died   at   Bath   on   22    December,    1806 
(Gentleman's  Magazine,  Ivii.  ii.  1125  ;   Ixxvi. 
ii.  1253).     He  claimed  to  be  a  Knight  of  the 
Holy  Roman  Empire,  and  therefore  I  sup- 
pose that  his  father,  whom  the  '  Dictionary ' 
speaks  of  as  Theodore  Luders,  of  Lyncombe 
and  Widcombe,  Somerset,  was  identical  with 
the  "Theodore,  Baron  de  Luders,  a  Knight 
of  the  most  Holy  lioman  Empire,"  who  died 
at  Bath  on  5  or  6  December,  1774  (Gentleman's 
Magazine,  xliv.  598:  'Annual  Register,' xvii. 
199),  and  was  buried  on  13  December  in  Bath 
Abbey  ('Bath  Abbey  Registers,"  Had.  Soc. 
Pub.,  ii.  460).     Had  the  claim  to  such  knight- 
hood any  solid  basis?     If  it  was  fictitious,  it 
was  a  stroke  of  genius  on  the  part  of  the 


s.  in.  APRIL  22, 1905.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


307 


heraldist  who  supplied  the  family  with  the 
coat  of  arms  which  Alexander  Luders  pasted 
into  some  of  his  books  (now  in  the  Inner 
Temple  Library)  to  put  beneath  the  arras  the 
punning  motto  "Non  deludere."  The  'Dic- 
tionary '  calls  Alexander  Luders  his  father's 
second  son.  Possibly  the  eldest  was  Theodore 
Luders,  "late  in  the  dragoons,"  whose  death, 
"lately,  at  Leghorn,"  was  reported  in  The 
Gentleman's  Magazine  for  October,  1785  (Iv.  ii. 
835).  Lucretia  Luders,  of  Widcombe,  who 
was  perhaps  a  sister,  was  married  on  10  July, 
1776,  to  William  Light,  of  St.  Marylebone, 
Middlesex  ('  Bath  Abbey  Registers,'  i.  295). 

H.  C. 

BRIAN  BORTT:  CONCOBAR.— It  is  a  great 
defect  in  Smith's  'Cyclopaedia  of  Names,' 
1895,  that  the  Celtic  element  is  treated  so 
irresponsibly.  The  blunders  are  such  as  to 
make  one  suspect  that  neither  the  editor  nor 
his  staff  had  any  knowledge  of  either  Welsh 
or  Irish.  For  the  present  I  shall  deal  with 
only  two  of  them.  The  name  of  Brian  Boru, 
as  we  generally  call  him  in  English,  may  be 
used  in  Gaelic  in  two  forms,  viz.,  Borumha, 
the  source  of  English  Boru,  and  Boroimhe, 
sounded  like  our  word  "borrower."  Smith 
gives  neither  of  these.  According  to  him 
the  name  is  Brian  Borohma,  pronounced 
Boroma,  which  I  need  hardly  say  is  mere 
gibberish. 

Another  Irish  heroic  name  is  given  by 
Smith  as  Conch6bar,  with  the  English  ch 
in  "  church."  There  are  three  distinct  errors 
here.  1.  The  name  may  be  correctly  written 
either  Conchobhar  or  Concobar,  but  not 
Conchobar,  which  is  at  best  an  old  and  long- 
obsolete  orthography.  2.  The  ch  should  be 
hard,  not  soft.  3.  The  stress  is  on  the  first 
syllable,  not  the  second.  Mr.  Yeats  has 
preserved  the  true  rhythm  in  his  'Poems,' 
1899,  p.  108  :— 

And  all  around  the  harp-string  told  his  praise, 
And  Concobar,  the  Red  Branch  king  of  kings, 
With  his  own  fingers  touched  the  brazen  strings. 

JAMES  PLATT,  Jun. 

FOOT- WARMERS  IN  CHURCH.— Casual  refer- 
ences to  the  practice  of  carrying  foot- warmers 
to  church  during  the  eighteenth  century  are 
not  uncommon,  and  it  is  alluded  to  in  the 
title  of  a  patent  dated  7  February,  1786, 
No.  1530,  granted  to  Charles  Frederick 
Hempel,  of  Cheyne  Row,  Chelsea,  melting- 
pot  manufacturer,  for 

''Proof  earthen  cases  of  different  shapes,  with 
heaters  made  of  the  same  composition,  for  the 
warming  of  beds,  dishes,  plates,  &c.,  likewise  for 
\vanning  and  keeping  comfortable  the  feet  in  car- 
riages, pews  of  churches,  &c." 

I  think  that  Hempel's  crucibles  enjoyed  a 


certain  amount  of  reputation.  There  was 
a  Johanna  Hempel,  described  as  of  "the 
King's  Private  Road,  Chelsea,  potter,"  who 
took  out  a  patent,  dated  1C  October,  1790, 
No.  1776,  for  a 

"  composition  made  of  earth  and  other  materials, 
and  the  means  of  manufacturing  the  same  into 
basons  and  other  vessels,  which  so  manufactured 
have  the  power  of  filtering  water  and  other  liquids 
in  a  more  cheap,  easy,  and  convenient  manner  than 
water  or  other  liquids  can  now  be  filtered." 

R.  B.  P. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  sent  to  them 
direct. 

TENSES  IN  FICTION. — Does  any  definite 
rule  exist  as  to  the  use  of  the  past  and 
present  tense  in  works  of  fiction,  ike.  ?  For 
instance,  some  authors  are  fond  of  using  this 
form  :  "  He  falls  to  the  ground,  and  writhes 
there  in  agony  "  ;  whilst  others  would  say  : 
"  He  fell  to  the  ground,  and  writhed,"  ifec. 
As  conveying  a  picture  the  former  is  more 
telling,  whilst  perhaps  the  latter  is  the  more 
accurate.  Carlyle's  '  French  Revolution  '  is 
written  wholly  in  the  former  strain.  Some 
authors  use  both.  Would  such  inconsistency 
be  considered  wrong  in  any  way  1 

A.  P.  HATTON. 

lo,  Argyle  Square,  W.C. 

[The  idea  of  the  so-called  "vivid  present"  is 
derived  from  the  Latin,  so  that  it  can  be  used 
in  conjunction  with  the  past  without  error.  But 
most  of  the  fiction  and  prose  we  have  read  in  which 
it  occurs  is  by  no  means  a  recommendation  for  its 
use.  It  is  rather  in  modern  times  the  mark  of  the 
writer  who  tries  to  be  vivid  and  fails.] 

MR.  MOXHAY,  LEICESTER  SQUARE  SHOW- 
MAN.— MR.  CECIL  CLARKE,  in  his  interesting 
note  on  '  Coliseums  Old  and  New '  (10th  S. 
ii.  485),  alludes  to  the  above-named  person, 
and  speaks  of  the  panorama  which  was  "  in 
the  centre  of  Leicester  Square  some  fifty  to 
sixty  years  ago."  It  would  be  very  interesting 
if  some  further  particulars  could  be  supplied, 
for,  upon  looking  through  a  fairly  complete 
list  of  shows  and  showmen  connected  with 
this  spot,  I  cannot  find  the  name  given.  I 
was  always  under  the  impression  that  the 
"Great  Globe,"  erected  on  the  garden  of  the 
square  by  Mr.  James  Wyld,  the  geographer 
and  sometime  member  of  Parliament  for 
Bodmin,  was  the  first  building  put  up  there. 
That  was  built  in  or  about  1851,  and  for  more 
than  ten  years  attracted  many  people.  I 
should  be  glad  of  any  information  about  a 


308 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [io*  s.  in.  APRIL  22, 1905. 


previous  building.  In  the  "  Great  Globe " 
building  were  several  theatres  or  lecture- 
rooms,  and  some  panoramas  found  a  home 
there  ;  but  among  the  staff  of  lecturers  there 
was  not  (so  far  as  I  remember)  any  one  of  the 
name  of  Moxhay.  W.  E.  HARLAND  OXLEY. 
Westminster. 

LAWRANCE  FAMILY  OP  BATH.— I  shall  be 
glad  to  learn  anything  about  the  Lawrances 
of  Bath.  One  of  the  daughters  of  Joseph 
Lawrance  married  the  Rev.  C.  Crofts,  rector 
of  Bath.  Joseph  Lawrance,  jun.,  came  to 
Africa  some  time  in  the  forties ;  one  son 
went  to  America. 

There  is  a  family  of  Lawrances  here  in 
Cape  Colony.  Dr.  Lawrance,  of  Middleburg, 
Cape  Colony,  is  certain  that  his  and  our 
families  are  very  closely  connected  ;  but  we 
cannot  find  out  the  link,  though  so  many 
facts  coincide.  (Mrs  )  A.  LAWRANCE. 

Box  32,  Graham's  Town,  Cape  Colony. 

PAINTING  OF  LOOM.— Can  any  of  your 
readers  inform  me  of  the  whereabouts  of  an 
old  painting  of  a  man  pointing  out  a  wooden 
loom  to  a  female  standing  near  him?  The 
date  1589  is  on  the  picture,  which  was  last 
heard  of  about  1800.  S.  W.  KELSEY. 

45,  Southampton  Buildings,  W.C. 

JENNINGS  ARMS.— I  am  desirous  of  find- 
ing out  the  most  ancient  arms  of  the  Jennings 
family.  Viscount  Wolseley,  in  his  life  of  the 
Duke  of  Marl  borough,  says  the  family  were 
entitled  to  bear  arms  from  the  earliest  times, 
and  were  of  most  ancient  lineage,  but  does 
not  give  his  authority. 

Lord  Valentia  said  that  the  Jenningses  were 
descended  from  a  knight  named  Jean  de 
Nangis,  who  came  from  Nangis,  in  Burgundy, 
and  that  the  name  was  corrupted,  first  to 
Jeannangis  and  afterwards  to  Jennings  ;  that 
this  knight  came  to  England  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  III.,  and  was  buried  at  Selby,  York- 
shire ;  and  that  the  Burgundian  family  were 
decended  from  or  connected  with  Thibault, 
seventh  Count  of  Provence.  The  family 
tombs  were  in  the  Chartreuse,  Dijon. 

I  can  find  in  Burke  only  the  following  arms 
of  later  date  : — 

Jennings,  Lord  Mayor  of  London  (granted 
1508),  also  of  Yorkshire  :  Arg.,  a  chevron  gu. 
between  three  plummets  sable.  Crest,  a 
wolfs  head  erased,  per  pale  arg.  and  vert. 

Staffordshire  Jennings  :  Arg.,  on  a  chevron 
gu.  three  plummets  or. 

Jennings,  Ipsley,  Warwickshire  :  Arg.,  a 
chevron  between  three  griffins'  heads  erased 
or,  a  chief  of  the  last. 

Jennings  (Lancaster  Herald),  time  of 
Henry  VIII :  same  as  Ipsley  branch. 


The  plummets  appear  upon  the  shield 
carved  over  the  noble  marble  tomb  of 
William  Jennings  in  Acton  Church,  near 
Sudbury,  Suffolk.  This  Jennings  was  the 
richest  commoner  in  England  in  the  time  of 
William  III.,  who  was  his  godfather.  He 
dying  intestate,  his  estate  and  personalty 
were  thrown  into  Chancery,  and  the  money 
is  still  unclaimed.  CURIOUS. 

PRINCE  ALBERT  AS  POET  AND  MUSICAL. 
COMPOSER. — Few  there  are  who  will  remember 
'A  Lay  of  Greeting  from  Afar,'  the  music  of 
which  was  composed  by  his  Royal  Highness, 
the  poetry  being  a  translation  from  the 
German  of  Prince  Ernest,  beginning  : — 
How  it  rustles  'mid  the  bowers  !  How  it  floats  in 

whispers  by  ! 

What  is  this  that  stirs  the  flowers  ?    Was  it  but  the 
zephyr  nigh  ? 

The  song  '  Does  my  Brother  think  of  Me  ? ' 
is  also  a   translation  from  the  German  of 
Prince  Ernest,  and  the  music  by  H.R.H.  The 
first  two  lines  are  : — 
Have  I  then  the  lyre  forsaken,  which  so  oft  my 

hours  would  share? 
All  its  sweetness  let  me  waken,  all  a  brother's  love 

declare. 

The  poetry  and  music  of  '  Come,  Sweet  One, 
Come,'<were  by  the  late  Prince  Consort.    The 
first  verse  ran  : — 
Come,  sweet  one,  come;  the  air  is  balm,  the  moonlit 

wave  is  shining : 
O,  share  with  me  that  heav'nly  calm  within  my 

bark  reclining : 
Come,  dearest,  come;  come,  dearest,  come. 

Perhaps  some  contributor  will  add  to  this 
short  list  of  H.R  H.'s  poetical  or  musical  pro- 
ductions. ALFRED  CIIAS.  JONAS. 

HALLET  FAMILY.— Can  any  of  your  readers 
assist  me  in  tracing  the  ancestry  of  Mary 
Hallet,  who  married  John  Batten,  of  Pen- 
zance,  on  3  June,  1707,  at  Madron,  Cornwall  1 
Mary  Hallet  is  stated  in  the  parish  registers 
to  be  of  Penzance.  Was  she  any  relation  of 
Joseph  Hallet,  of  Exeter,  who  was  born 
4  November,  1656,  became  a  Nonconformist 
minister  in  1683,  and  conducted  an  academy 
at  Exeter  ?  This  Joseph  had  a  sister  Mary 
Hallet,  born  15  October,  1659,  according  to 
the  '  Diet,  of  National  Biography,'  vol.  xxiv. 

The  great-grandson  of  John  Batten  and 
Mary  Hallet  was  the  Rev.  Joseph  Hallet 
Batten,  D.D.,  F.R.S.,  Principal  of  Haileybury 
East  India  College  1815-37.  The  name 
Joseph  appears  frequently  among  the  de- 
scendants of  this  Mary  Hallet  and  John 
Batten,  and  appears  to  give  a  clue  to  her 
parentage. 

The  '  Dictionary  of  National  Biography  ' 
mentions  the  name  of  only  one  of  the 


io"-  s.  in.  APRIL  22,  loos.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


309 


children  of  the  Joseph  Hallet  who  was  born 
in  1656,  viz.,  Joseph  Hallet,  born  in  1691, 
who  was  ordained  as  Independent  minister 
at  Exeter,  19  October,  1715.  Had  this  latter 
Joseph  a  sister  Mary  residing  at  Penzance  in 
1707?  W.  M.  BATTEN. 

5,  Rosebank,  Church  Street,  Bradford. 

WORDSWORTH'S  HIGHLAND  GIRL.  —  Could 
any  of  your  readers  say  if  there  is  anything 
known  of  the  name  or  the  life  of  the  Highland 
girl  of  Loch  Lomond  who  was  the  subject  of 
Wordsworth's  beautiful  poem? — 

Sweet  Highland  girl,  a  very  shower 
Of  beauty  is  thy  earthly  dower. 

R.  J.  M. 
Dimedin.  N.Z. 

TOASTM ASTER. — When  did  this  important 
personage  make  his  first  appearance  at  public 
banquets?  WILLIAM  ANDREWS. 

Hull  Royal  Institution. 

HOOPER  :  ELDERTON,  WINCHESTER  COM- 
MONERS.— What  were  the  Christian  names 
(1)  of  the  son  of  Henry  Hooper,  Esq  .  6,  The 
Crescent,  Mount  Radford,  Exeter,  who  became 
a  Winchester  Commoner  in  1842,  and  died  in 
the  holidays  1843;  and  (2)  the  son  of  Edward 
Merrick  Elderton,  solicitor,  of  3,  Lothbury, 
London,  and  The  Grove,  Effra  Road,  Brixton. 
and  Marion  Craig,  his  first  wife,  who  became 
a  Winchester  Commoner  in  1846  and,  as  I 
am  told,  died  at  school  ? 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

DAVID  BAILIE  WARDEN.— I  shall  be  obliged 
for  any  references  to  published  works,  or  any 
information  regarding  this  American  biblio- 
grapher. I  know  Allibone,  Allen.  Drake, 
Lippincott,  and  Webb's  notices.  Where  can 
his  portrait  be  seen  ?  JOHN  S.  CRONE. 

_  BOOKBINDING. — Can  any  of  your  readers 
give  me  information  as  to  exactly  what 
leather  "  Lisbons  "  was  ?  By  what  society 
was  the  "  premium "  referred  to  in  the 
appended  advertisement  paid? — 

"  BOOKBINDING.—  As  a  general  scarcity  of  Calf- 
skins and  Lisbons,  used  in  Bookbinding,  prevails  at 
this  time,  it  becomes  very  seasonable  to  inform  the 
Public,  that  the  substitute,  provided  some  time  ago 
for  such  a  period,  is  still  to  be  had  of  J.  Bowtell, 
printseller  in  Cambridge ;  by  whom  the  discovery 
of  Paper-making  in  imitation  of  leather,  was  made 
several  years  ago,  and  obtained  a  considerable 
premium  for  its  admirable  assimilation,  and  dura- 
bility iu  the  art  of  Bookbinding."— C.  Ch ron.,  2  June, 
1798. 

ARTHUR  B.  GRAY. 

10,  Green  Street,  Cambridge. 

"LEGENVRE."— Can  your  readers  give  me 
any  information  of  an  artist  who  signs 


himself  "Legenvre"?  The  signature  is 
beneath  a  small  well -finished  portrait  iu 
water  colours,  dated  1833.  I  cannot  find  the 
name  in  Bryan  or  an y  dictionary  of  artists. 

On  the  miniature  portrait  of  a  lady, 
painted  about  the  year  1810,  I  find  the 
initials  R.  T.  The  second  letter  is  so  formed 
that  it  might  stand  for  I,  J,  or  T.  I  should 
be  glad  to  know  of  the  miniaturist  to  whom 
these  initials  might  belong.  PALLET. 

EPIGRAM  ON  A  ROSE. — 

If  this  white  rose  offend  thy  sight, 

It  in  thy  bosom  wear  ; 
'Twill  blush  to  Hnd  itself  less  white, 
And  turn  Lancastrian  there. 

Who  was  the  author  of  this  ingenious  con- 
ceit, which  I  find  quoted  in  Madame  Wad- 
dington's  charming 'Letters  of  a  Diplomat's 
Wife,'  though  there  the  first  line  has  (by  a 
lapsus  calami,  I  presume)  "  red  "  instead  of 
"white "rose?  F.  W. 

LYNDE:  DELALYNDE.— Can  any  one  tell 
me  whether  all  the  Lyndes,  Delalyndes,  or 
De  La  Lyndes  (whose  arms  are  given  by 
Pap  worth  as  three  bucks'  heads)  were  settled 
in  Dorsetshire?  Were  the  Staffordshire  De 
La  Lyndes  another  family  ? 

P.   MONTFORT. 

ST.  JULIAN'S  PATER  NOSTER.— What  is  the 
Pater  Noster  of  St.  Julian  ?  It  is  mentioned 
in  Kenelm  Henry  Digby's  'Tancredus,'  ed. 
1828,  p.  4.  N.  M.  &  A. 

BUSE  SURNAME.— Can  you  tell  ^me  the 
origin  of  Buse  as  a  surname  in  England  ? 
My  cook  spells  her  name  so.  She  is  markedly 
Mongolian.  I  have  always  called  her  the 
Mongol.  I  have  just  read  for  the  first  time 
that  we  have  descendants  of  Mongols  in 
Malmesbury:  C.  N.  ORFEUR. 

AMBERSKINS  :  CHOCOLATE  RECIPE.  —  Lady 
Fanshawe,  wife  of  Sir  Richard  Fanshawe, 
Ambassador  from  Charles  II.  to  the  Court 
of  Madrid  in  1665,  after  mentioning  in  her 
memoirs  the  death  of  her  husband  on 
26  June,  1G66,  and  the  difficulties  she  ex- 
oerienced  in  transporting  his  body  from 
Madrid,  vid  Spain  and  France,  to  London, 
where  she  arrived  on  10  November,  writes  on 
23  November  :— 

'I  waited  on  the  King,  and  delivered  to  his 
Majesty  my  whole  accounts.  I  presented  the  King, 
Queen,  Duke  of  York,  and  l)uke  of  Cambridge  with 
;wo  do/en  of  amberskins  and  six  dozen  of  gloves. 
[  likewise  presented  my  Lord  Arlington  with 
amberskins,  gloves,  and  chocolate." 

I  should  be  pleased  to  know  what  is  meant 
"amberskins";  I  presume  something  rare 


310 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [io*  s.  in.  APRIL  22,  iocs. 


and  specially  Spanish,  like  chocolate.  Le 
Comte  cle  Cominges,  the  French  Ambassador 
in  London,  in  his  correspondence  iu  July, 
1665,  writes  :  — 

"I  wait  only  till  Persod,  the  King's  messenger, 
comes  back  to  send  to  you  two  cakes  of  chocolate, 
the  best  in  the  world,  with  which  I  have  been 
presented  by  the  Spanish  Ambassador." 

He  procures  from  the  Spanish  Ambassador 
the  recipe  for  making  "  this  curious,  dainty 
chocolate,"  viz. : — 

"II  faut  faire  bouillir  1'eau,  et  apres  cela  nieler 
le  chocolat  et  le  sucre  et  ne  point  le  remettre  sur 
le  feu." 

The  same  recipe  is  in  use  at  the  present  day. 

JAMES  WATSON. 
Folkestone. 


PALINDROME. 
(10th    S.    iii.    249.) 

NOTHING  definite  as  to  its  meaning  came 
of  an  extended  discussion  of  this  acrostic  or 
charm  in  The  Penny  Post  for  the  years  1894-5. 
What  is  certain  about  "Sator  arepo  tenet 
opera  rotas  "  is  that  the  inscription  occurs 
not  only  cut  on  a  lozenge-shaped  board  hang- 
ing in  the  chancel  of  Great  Gidding  Church, 
Huntingdonshire,  but  that  it  has  also  been 
discovered  on  a  fragment  of  wall  -  plaster 
among  Roman  remains  at  Cirencester  in  1878, 
now,  I  believe,  preserved  in  the  Cirencester 
Museum.  This  discovery  placed  many  in- 
genious conjectures  identifying  it  with  the 
Middle  Ages  and  later  out  of  court.  Its  cor- 
rect form,  as  it  appears  in  Great  Gidding 
Church  and  also  at  Cirencester,  should  be  in 
a  square : — 

ROTAS       S  A  T  O  R 


OPERA 
TENET 
AREPO 
SATOR 


or 


AREPO 
TENET 
OPERA 
ROTAS 


It  will  be  seen  that  it  can  be  read  from  left 
to  right,  from  right  to  left,  upwards,  and 
downwards. 

One  conjecture  is  that  the  first  words  can 
be  read  as  "Satorare  pote  n',"  "Is  it  possible 
to  pray  enough?"    Another,  "The  Father 
Arepo,   upholds    His    works,    which    are    a: 
wheels,"  with  which  we  are  invited  to  com 
pare  "llerum  Deus  tenax  vigor"  and  the  first 
chapter  of  Ecclesiastes.    The  words  are  saic 
to  occur  again,  in  exactly  the  same  arrange- 
ment, on  the  external  wall,  over  the  entrance 
door  of  an  ancient  chapel  near  the  old  town 
of  Roquemaure,  on   the  right  bank   of  the 
Rhone,  ten  or  fifteen  miles  from  Avignon 


They  are  considered  on  the  spot  to  be  an 

nigmatic  rendering  of  "  Whatsoever  a  man 

soweth,  that  shall  he  also  reap."    In  Hazlitt's 

edition  of  Brand's  'Antiquities,'  vol.  ii.  p.  138, 

hey  are  said  to  form  an  amulet,  of  the  date 

L475,  "for  woman  that  travayleth  of  child." 

But  possibly  new  and  better  solutions  of  the 

nigma   will  occur   to   readers   if    they   can 

obtain  reference  to  The  Penny  Post  for  the 

months  of  October,  November,  and  December, 

1894,  and  for  January,  1895  ('Editor's  Box'). 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

W.  H.  M.  and  others  will  find  something 
about  this  in-2ml  S.  viii.  291,  421  ;  8th  S.  vii. 
105,  213.  There  are  also  some  very  interest- 
ing communications  relating  to  it  in  the 
Editor's  Box'  department  of  The  Penny 
Post,  vol.  xliv.  (1894),  and  various  ren- 
derings are  suggested.  Possibly  "Arepo" 
was  a  personal  name,  or  a  quasi-personal 
name,  invented  for  palindromical  purposes. 
"Sator  Arepo,"  &c.,  arranged  as  a  square, 
when  it  may  be  read  in  four  directions,  is 
carved  on  a  board  in  Great  Gidding  Church, 
Huntingdonshire,  and  is  also  to  be  found 
(said  a  correspondent  of  The  Penny  Post, 
p.  306)  over  the  entrance  of  a  chapel  at 
Roquemaure,  between  ten  and  fifteen  miles 
from  Avignon.  An  illustration  of  the  Great 
Gidding  example  is  given  on  p.  328. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

The  only  solution  of  the  puzzle  "  Arepo  " 
which  has  come  under  my  notice  is  its  treat- 
ment as  a  proper  name  :  "  Arepo,  the  sower, 
guides  the  wheels  at  work."  If  there  were 
no  coherent  meaning  to  the  words  they  would 
still  be  very  curious,  much  more  so  than  a 
simple  palindrome.  Arranged  as  they  are 
on  a  Roman  tile  preserved  in  the  Corinium 
Museum  at  Cirencester,  where  I  first  made 
their  acquaintance,  they  read  the  same  not 
only  forwards  and  backwards,  but  upwards 
and  downwards.  CHAS.  GILLMAN. 

Church  Fields,  Salisbury. 

If  W.  H.  M.  will  allow  me  to  write  "arepo" 
as  two  words,  "a  repo,"  I  will  venture  to 
offer  the  following  literal  translation:  "Crea- 
tive Power  holds  the  wheels  by  a  thread." 
I  believe  "  repum  "  was  used  at  the  latter  end 
of  the  fourteenth  century  with  the  meaning 
of  "thread,"  although  I  am  unable  to  offer  a 
reference  to  any  passage.  R.  W. 


WINDSOR  CASTLE  SENTRY  (10th  S.  iii.  229, 
277). — The  incident  of  the  sentry  at  Windsor 
Castle  condemned  to  death  for  sleeping  at 
his  post,  but  reprieved  on  proving  that  he 
heard  the  clock  at  St.  Paul's  Cathedral  strike 
thirteen  at  midnight,  was  made  the  subject 


s.  in.  APRIL  22, 1905.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


311 


of  a  melodrama,  part  of  the  title  of  which 
was  '  The  Thirteenth  Chime.'  I  remember 
seeing  it  announced  for  performance,  pro- 
bably at  the  Surrey  or  Victoria  Theatre, 
-about  the  year  1859,  but  I  regret  that  I 
•cannot  give  precise  information  on  these 
points.  There  has  been  much  discussion 
among  experts  as  to  the  possibility  of  a 
clock  like  that  of  St.  Paul's  striking  thirteen 
and  no  more.  As  I  do  not  wish  to  spoil  a 
good  story,  I  will  not  pursue  this  point,  and 
I  will  say  nothing  about  the  distance 
between  London  and  Windsor.  R.  B.  P. 

JOHN  BUTLER,  M.P.  FOR  SUSSEX  (10th  S.  ii. 
129  ;  iii.  257).— By  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Slade 
Butler,  who  has  permitted  me  to  consult  his 

fenealogy  and  some  manuscripts  relating  to 
is   family,   I  am  able   to  state   that  John 
Butler,  of  Warminghurst,  was  not  one  of  the 
Butlers  of  Bye. 

I  copy  the  following  from  a  MS.  note  of 
Richard  Weed  en  Butler  (of  Rye,  surgeon, 
•d.  1842)  :— 

"The  family  originally  came  from  the  City  of 
Worcester,  where  they  practic'd  as  Civilians 
{Attorneys],  and  was  related  to  Samuel  Butler, 
Author  of  '  Hudibrass.'  Richard  and  Daniel,  the 
sons  of  Daniel  Butler  of  Worcester,  came  to  Rye 
in  Sussex,  and  practiced  as  Attorneys  several  years : 
after  which  Daniel  went  to  Margate  in  Kent,  where 
He  died." 

Richard  Butler  became  Town  Clerk  of  Rye 
{in  which  office  he  was  succeeded  by  his  son, 
Humphrey  Butler),  and  died  16  September, 
1734,  aged  forty-nine. 

Daniel  Butler  the  younger,  after  practising 
•as  a  solicitor  at  Margate  for  many  years,  died 
there  in  1756,  aged  fifty-nine. 

R.  L.  MORETON. 

QUEEN  OF  DUNCAN  II.  (10th  S.  iii.  107,  195, 
256). — I  think  that  M.  neglected  to  examine 
the  printed  Scottish  chartularies  before  he 
•committed  himself  to  the  dogmatic  assertion 
that  there  is  "no  such  person  on  record  "  as 
Alexander  de  Moravia,  1089-1150.  My  autho- 
rity is  a  recorded  charter  in  favour  of  Richard 
de  Moravia,  the  grandson  of  Alexander  de 
Moravia.  The  italics  are  mine.  Richard 
was  afterwards  Sir  Richard  de  Moravia,  lord 
of  Skelbo,  Culbin,  and  Newton.  As  he  was 
killed,  when  very  aged,  in  1259,  his  grand- 
father's period  would  be  circa  1089-1150. 

D.  M.  R. 

DE  MORGAN  :  TURVILLE  (10th  S.  iii.  168).— 
The  only  information  which  has  been  ob- 
tained at  present  of  the  early  days  of  Capt. 
John  De  Morgan,  the  great-grandfather  of 
the  mathematician,  is  derived  from  a  state- 
ment made  by  the  gallant  captain  himself. 


He  was  the  first  military  officer  of  the 
Company  to  receive  a  pension.  To  avoid 
precedents,  and  to  put  a  stop  to  further 
applications,  the  pension  was  discontinued 
in  1758  ;  whereupon  Capt.  De  Morgan  pe- 
titioned the  Government  of  Fort  St.  George 
to  continue  it.  In  this  petition  he  gave  a 
short  account  of  his  services,  and  stated  that 
he  went  out  in  the  Company's  ship  Bouverie 
in  1710.  His  name  is  not  on  the  passenger 
list  of  the  Bouverie  ;  but  as  it  appears  among 
the  sergeants  in  the  military  list  of  1715,  it 
is  to  be  inferred  that  he  went  out  to  India 
as  a  soldier.  In  that  year  he  distinguished 
himself  in  a  fight  at  Fort  St.  David  between 
the  English  garrison  and  the  soldiers  of  the 
Rajah  of  Gingee.  As  a  reward  he  was  given 
a  commission  as  ensign  and  the  command  of 
the  Fort  St.  David  garrison.  In  1718  he 
was  promoted  lieutenant,  with  the  temporary 
rank  of  captain  when  in  command,  reverting 
to  lieutenant  when  a  senior  officer  was 
present.  Subsequently  he  commanded  at 
Anjengo,  and  for  brief  periods  at  Fort  St. 
George.  He  was  pensioned  in  1753,  and  died 
at  Pulicat  in  1760,  aged  seventy-six  ;  so  that 
he  was  born  in  1684. 

He  married  Sarah  (nee  Clark)  in  1717. 
Sarah  was  previously  twice  married  :  first, 
in  1706,  to  George  Turville,  a  Company's 
servant;  secondly,  in  1715,  to  Peter  de 
Pommare,  a  free  merchant.  She  had  by 
George  Turville  a  son  Thomas,  who  died  in 
1751  ;  a  son  John  and  a  daughter  Elizabeth 
by  Capt.  De  Morgan.  John  De  Morgan, 
jun.,  appears  to  have  commanded  a  country 
ship,  which  he  also  probably  owned.  His 
name  appears  in  the  burial  register  of  St. 
Mary's,  Fort  St.  George,  in  1768,  as  Mr.  John 
De  Morgan,  manner.  Sarah  De  Morgan  and 
her  infant  daughter  Elizabeth  died  in  1720 
at  Cuddalore ;  her  memorial  stone  with  its 
inscription  remains. 

Capt.  John  De  Morgan  married  secondly 
Ann,  who  became  the  mother  of  Capt. 
Augustus  De  Morgan  and  other  children; 
her  maiden  name  is  not  known,  as  the  mar- 
riage did  not  take  place  at  Fort  St.  George. 
He  had  a  brother  William,  who  was  also  a 
sergeant  in  the  Company's  military  service 
on  the  coast.  He  was  promoted  ensign  in 
1741,  and  died  in  1749. 

In  French  books  of  heraldry  a  coat  of 
arms  is  assigned  to  a  family  of  the  name, 
which  probably  belonged  to  Brittany.  There 
were  many  Frenchmen  in  the  Company's 
service  at  different  times  ;  these  well-known 
names  will  be  remembered — Chardin,  Hu- 
gonin,  Du  Pre. 

On  the  subject  of  men  of  education  going 


312 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [10*  s.  in.  APRIL  22, 1905. 


out  to  India  as  soldiers  see  '  The  History  of 
Fort  St.  George,'  p.  37. 

The  Turville  family  (spelt  also  Tourville 
and  Tiville  in  the  records)  was  on  the  coast 
some  years  before  the  marriage  of  George 
Turville  and  Sarah  Clark  ;  the  first  mention 
of  the  name  in  the  Madras  records  is  in  1678. 
When  Thomas  Turville  died  in  1751  John  De 
Morgan  claimed  his  estate  as  next  of  kin, 
and  his  claim  was  allowed  (St.  Mary's  Vestry 
Records,  1753).  FRANK  PENNY. 

It  is  just  possible  that  the  baptismal  cer- 
tificate of  Capt.  John  De  Morgan,  of  the 
H.E.I. (IS.  (if  military),  may  exist  in  one  of 
the  bundles  of  papers  of  the  first  appoint- 
ments of  military  officers  in  the  records  of 
the  Military  Department  at  the  India  Office, 
Whitehall ;  or  in  the  entry  of  his  marriage 
in  the  Madras  Presidency  in  the  Adminis- 
trator-General's Department,  also  at  that 
office  ;  or  in  the  local  newspapers,  magazines, 
and  gazettes  (Indian  and  English)  of  1760. 

C.  MASDN. 

29,  Emperor's  Gate,  S.W. 

THE  GREAT  SEAL  OF  SCOTLAND  (10th  S.  iii. 
242). — The  following  extract  from  a  letter 
written  by  my  ancestor  the  Earl  of  Dun- 
fermline,  Lord  Chancellor  of  Scotland,  to  the 
Earl  of  Annandale  on  30  June,  1614,  request- 
ing that  he  may  be  furnished  with  a  new  bag 
for  carrying  the  Great  Seal,  may  be  of  in- 
terest. He  says : — 

"Lord  Diimbar  send  to  me  from  thence  eurie 
yeir  out  off  his  maiesties  wardroppe  ane  bordered 
poolke  for  carieing  the  greate  seale,  sic  as  my  Lord 
Chancelar  caries  thair,  werie  magnitic  and  honest  ; 
for  that  can  nocht  be  gottin  maed  heir,  or  ellis  1 
sould  nocht  trubill  yiow  nor  nane  for  ane.  Sence 
my  Lord  Uumbar  departit  this  lyff,  this  three  yeir 
I  haue  had  nane,  and  sic  as  I  haue  are  worne  aulde 
and  nocht  sa  cuimelie  as  neid  war,  quhilk  I  man 
wish  yiow,  cousing,  find  meanis  to  gett  supplied  be 
his  maiesties  command  out  of  the  warderobbe,  as 
hes  beiri  before.  Sir  Alexander  Hay,  now  clerk  of 
Register,  then  Secretair,  quha  was  in  vse  to  cause 
mak  thame,  saves  to  me  he  caused,  eiuer  at  my  Lord 
Doumbarris  directioun  be  his  maiesties  command, 
ane  Mr.  Brodic  in  the  wardrobbe  mak  thame, 
and  thay  war  all  werie  fair  in  deid,  bordered  with 
the  armis  of  Scotland  on  the  first  quarter  and 
thridde,  Inglish  on  the  second,  and  Irish  in  the 
fourt ;  and  with  all  ornamentisoff  baith  kingdomes 
ansuirabill,  as  I  doubt  nocht  but  the  said  Mr. 
Brodic,  or  sum  of  hisseruandis,  hes  yit  the  exempill 
beside  thame  and  patrone  ;  for  the  last  I  had  was  in 
the  yeir  1610,  sent  to  me  be  my  Lord  Uoumbar." 

BARON  SETON,  OF  ANDRIA. 
Seton  Cottage,  Victoria  Road,  Great  Yarmouth. 

PENNY  WARES  WANTED  (10th  S.  ii.  369,  415, 

456  ;  iii.  16,  98,  235).— I   have  heard  people 

ask  for  "  penny-bread,"  which  is  the  same  as 

oaf  ;  "penny-bun "is common  ;  and  "penny- 


duck,"  also  known  as  "savoury- duck,"  is  a 
penny  round  article  made  by  some  pork- 
butchers,  and  sold  hot  with  a  liberal  supply 
of  gravy  for  that  sum.  I  never  solved  the 
composition  of  the  penny-duck.  The  prefix 
"  penny  "  is  in  constant  use  for  all  kinds  of 
articles  sold  at  that  price,  and  to  enumerate 
them  would  be  to  run  through  a  large  pro- 
portion of  toydom.  THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 
Worksop. 

'Penny  Theatres'  closed  (see  The  Times, 
17  March,  1838,  p.  7,  col.  3) ;  '  Penny 
Lotteries'  (John  Ashton's  'History  of  Lot- 
teries,' p.  48) ;  *  The  Penny  Gaff'  (J.  Ewing 
Ritchie's  'Here  and  There  in  London,'  1859) ; 
'Peg  Pennyworth'  (Yorkshire  Notes  and 
Queries,  July,  1904,  p.  135);  Penny -wort; 
Penny-grass;  Penny-royal;  Penniless  Bench 
(Halliwell).  J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

KING'S  COCK-CROWER  (10th  S.  iii.  228).— In 
addition  to  the  information  given  by  MR. 
THURSTON,  I  may  add  that  the  correspondent 
at  2ml  S.  iii.  69  stated  that  the  duties  were 
abolished  on  the  accession  of  George  I. ,  but 
not  the  office  and  salary,  which  were  con- 
tinued till  the  time  of  George  IV.  See  also 
The  Gentleman's  Magazine,  vol.  lv.  p.  341. 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

Chambers's  '  Book  of  Days,'  i.  240,  gives  a 
similar  account  to  that  in  '  N.  &  Q.,'  and 
adds : — 

"From  that  period  we  find  no  further  account  of 
the  exertion  of  the  imitative  powers  of  this  im- 
portant officer ;  but  the  Court  has  been  left  to  the 
voice  of  reason  and  conscience  to  remind  them  of 
their  errors,  and  not  to  that  of  the  cock  whose 
clarion  called  back  Peter  to  repentance,  which  this 
fantastical  and  silly  ceremony  was  meant  to 
typify." 

Brady  is  given  as  the  authority— probably 
'  The  Clavis  Calendaria,'  by  John  Brady.  A 
note  states  :— 

"  In  Debrett's  '  Imperial  Calendar '  for  the  year 
1822,  in  the  list  of  persons  holding  appointments 
in  the  Lord  Steward's  department  of  the  Royal 
Household,  occurs  the  Cock  and  Cryer  at  Scotland- 
yard." 

'Anglia  Notitia,'  by  Edw.  Chamberlayne, 
1684,  p.  159,  under  '  Civil  Government  of  the 
King's  Court,1  gives  "  Cock  of  the  Court  one 
[person]."  The  1694  edition,  p.  226,  under 
•  Officers  and  Servants  below  Stairs,  &c.,'  has 
"Cock  and  Cryer,  William  Sampson,  board 
wages,  181.  5s.  per  annum."  The  same 
information  appears  in  1702,  but  the  office  is 
not  mentioned  in  the  1718  edition. 

JOHN  RADCLIFFE. 

The  household  of  King  George  I.  included 
some  curious  offices  among  the  lower 


10".  8.  III.  APRIL  22, 1905.]       NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


313- 


servants.  There  were  the  rat-killer,  the 
mole  -  taker,  yeoman  arras  -  worker,  stewer 
of  herbs,  &c.,  but  one  does  not  find  a 
"  cock  -  crower."  One  of  the  officers  of  the 
"  Verge,"  however,  besides  the  Clerk  and  the 
Coroner,  was  the  "  Cock  and  Cryer,"  whose 
board  wages  per  annum  were  201.  (See  John 
Chamberlayne's  '  Magnse  Britannise  Notitia,' 
1723,  pp.  539  and  547.) 

J.   HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

IRISH  FOLK-LORE  (10th  S.  iii.  204).— See  7th 
S.  xii.  306,  376 ;  9th  S.  x.  328,  434. 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 
West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

An  English  Catholic  priest  recently  told 
me  that  on  one  occasion  a  very  ignorant 
Irishwoman  was  instructing  her  young  son, 
in  his  presence,  to  do  what  the  priest  told 
him,  and  that  she  wound  up  her  directions 
by  adding,  "  If  you  don't,  his  reverence  will 
turn  you  into  a  green  stone."  ASTARTE. 

An  Irish  Canadian  lady  to  whom  I  showed 
the  paragraph  on  this  subject  gave  me  the 
following  legend.  A  priest  called  upon  a 
troublesome  parishioner  for  his  tithes  late  one 
evening.  The  parishioner  was  in  bed,  and, 
annoyed  at  being  routed  out  of  his  slumber, 
put  his  head  out  of  window  and  let  loose 
some  blasphemous  language.  At  this  the 
priest  made  the  sign  of  the  cross,  where- 
upon a  great  pair  of  horns  grew  out  from 
the  sides  of  the  blasphemer's  head,  so  that  it 
could  not  be  drawn  back  through  the  window. 
Of  course,  the  tithes  were  promptly  paid  as 
the  price  of  release.  AVERN  PARDOE. 

Legislative  Library,  Toronto. 

MARTELLO  TOAVERS  (10th  S.  i.  285,  356,  411, 
477;  iii.  193,  252).— MR.  PAGE  is  correct  in 
his  surmise.  The  old  gun  of  1706  had  been 
built,  muzzle  upward,  in  the  centre  pier  of 
the  tower  to  form  a  pivot  for  the  central- 
traversing  platform  of  the  new  gun,  as  was 
often  the  case.  H.  P.  L. 

FRANCIS  DOUCE  (10th  S.  iii.  223).— There  is 
a  fine  medallion  portrait  of  this  distinguished 
antiquary  in  Dibdin's  'Reminiscences  of  a 
Literary  Life,'  vol.  i.  p.  312.  Underneath 
is  inscribed  "Mrs.  D.  Turner  del. — W.  H. 
Worthington  sc.  Francis  Douce,  Esq.,  F.S.A. 
Born  1762.  Died  1834." 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

Francis  Gosling,  mentioned  by  MR.  GOOD- 
WIN, was  a  bookseller  in  Fleet  Street  and  a 
member  of  the  Stationers'  Company,  after- 
wards a  banker  in  the  same  house,  and  alder- 
man ;  Elizabeth  Miller Rivington  was  his  sister 


William  Henry  Douce  practised  at  1,  Fen- 
church  Buildings,  and  the  Henry  Rivington 
who  joined  him  in  partnership  was  a  son  of 
Elizabeth  Miller  Rivington,  whose  great- 
grandsons  continue  the  practice  in  the  same< 
louse.  S.  H. 

SPRATT  FAMILY  (10th  S.  iii.  227).— A  similar 
question  appeared  at  6th  S.  iii.  368  ;  but  after 
an  interval  of  twenty-four  years,  no  reply 
has  appeared.  The  Rev.  Devereux  Spratt,. 
in  his  diary,  stated  that  on  his  return  from' 
captivity  he  stayed  with  his  kinsman,  the 
minister  at  Greenwich,  whom  your  corre- 
pondent  considers  to  have  been  the  father  off 
the  Bishop  of  Rochester. 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

I  cannot  answer  the  above  query,  but  can 
only  refer  AYEAHR  to  the  works  of  men  of 
ability  and  research.  They  give  information 
which  intimates  that  the  paternity  of  Bishop 
Spratt  has  not  been  solved.  See  'The  Re- 
gisters of  Westminster  Abbey,'  by  J.  L. 
Chester  (Harleian  Society),  note,  p.  276> 
and  '  Alumni  Oxonienses,'  by  Joseph  Foster. 
JOHN  RADCLIFFE. 

DR.  JAMES  BARRY  (10th  S.  iii.  228).— There- 
is  an  interesting,  though  incomplete,  account 
of  Dr.  Barry  in  '  Fifty  Years  of  my  Life,'  by 
the  Earl  of  Albemarle  (grandfather  of  the- 
present  earl).  There  were  also  several  letters 
on  the  subject  in  The  British  Medical  Journal! 
about  fifteen  years  ago.  I  cannot  remember 
the  date.  From  these  it  would  appear  to- 
have  been  the  opinion  of  some  members  of 
the  profession  that  Dr.  Barry  was  a  herma- 
phrodite. J.  FOSTER  PALMER. 

8,  Royal  Avenue,  S.W. 

In  a  novel  called 'A  Modern  Sphinx,'  by 
Lieut.-Col.  E.  Rogers,  published  by  Maxwell 
&  Co.,  Milton  House,  Shoe  Lane,  E.G.,  in 
1881,  the  author  introduces  Dr.  Barry  by  the- 
name  of  Fitzjames  (]).  The  novel  has  an- 
introduction,  giving  many  particulars  of  his- 
(her)  life,  and  also  contains  two  portraits. 

I  heard  many  particulars  of  the  doctor 
from  my  father,  to  whose  regiment,  when  in 
St.  Helena,  he  was  M.O.  He  is  said  to  have- 
fought  more  than  one  duel.  The  officers  of  tea 
tried  to  make  him  (her)  drunk,  but  he  touched 
nothing  but  milk  and  vegetables. 

R.  W.  F. 

HASAVELL  FAMILY  (10th  S.  iii.  225).— There- 
is  no  doubt  about  mo.sk  in  the  concluding, 
extract :  that,  or  rather  mesh,  is  the  common 
pronunciation  of  marsh  in  the  South,  where 
it  has  the  technical  meaning  of  a  valley  of 
water  meadows  with  a  broad  weir-damraed) 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [io«-  s.  in.  APRIL  22, 1905. 


•side  channel,  fed  from  higher  up  the  stream, 
to  act  as  a  reservoir  for  irrigating  the 
meadows.  No  little  care  and  ingenuity  are 
required  in  preserving  the  edges  of  and  exits 
from  the  high-level  conduits  so  as  to  ensure 
-an  equable  distribution  of  water  over  the 
grass.  This  work  and  the  manipulation  of 
the  sluices  are  entrusted  to  a  functionary 
called  "the  drownder,"  to  whom  the  farmer 
looks  to  be  afforded  two  mowings  and  two 
.  grazings  in  the  year.  In  the  extract  drowned 
=  flooded.  H.  P.  L. 

The  name  Haswell  at  one  time  was  quite 
common  in  our  town.    In  the  deed  of  sale 
of    the    ground     on    which    was    built    the 
church  for  the  Rev.  Thomas  Boston,  in  the 
.year  1757,  James  Haswell   is   mentioned  as 
being  one  of  the  bailies  of  the  town.     After- 
wards  he  occupied   the  position  of  Provost. 
'One  of  the  lanes  leading  from  one  street  to 
the  other  is  still  known  as  Haswell's  Close. 
J.  LINDSAY  HILSON. 
Jedburgh  Public  Library. 

HORSESHOES  FOR  LUCK  (10th  S.  iii.  9,  90, 
.214).— MR.  MAcMiCHAEL i  at  the  last  reference 
is  wrong  if  he  is  describing  the  gesture  made 
against  the  evil  eye,  as  I  fancy  he  must  be, 
when  he  says,  "The  Italian  makes  the  gesture 
of  projecting  the  little  finger  and  thumb  with 
the  remaining  three  fingers  closed "  (the 
italics  are  mine).  The  gesture  he  describes 
means  tignusu,  the  Sicilian  for  a  person 
suffering  from  ringworm.  The  gesture  which 
he  probably  wishes  to  describe  is  made  with 
the  little  finger  and  first  finger,  never  with 
the  thumb.  The  gesture  against  the  evil  eye 
is  so  often  wrongly  described  that  it  is  worth 
while  correcting  such  errors  when  they  ap- 
;pear  in  print.  F.  VV.  GREEN. 

In  jewellery,  horseshoes  appear  mostly 
with  the  two  points  downwards.  I  posses's 
two  lockets,  one  with  a  pearl  and  tur- 
quoise horseshoe,  and  the  other  with  a 
diamond  horseshoe,  given  to  me  about  thirty- 
eight  years  ago.  I  also  have  a  coral  horse- 
shoe brooch,  bought  at  the  first  Italian  Ex- 
hibition in  London— all  three  have  the  points 
turned  down.  I  always  understood  they  were 
symbols  of  good  luck. 

If  MR.  MAcMiCHAEL  means  the  gettatura, 
or  protecting  from  the  evil  eye,  when  he  men- 
tions the  Italians  as  projecting  the  little 
finger  and  thumb  and  turning  them  upwards, 
I  can  only  say  that,  having  lived  till  seven- 
teen years  old  at  Como  and  Milan,  I  have 
often  seen  the  act  of  warding  off  the  evil 
-eye,  but  the  thumb  was  not  used  ;  it  was 
'the  first  and  little  finger  that  made  the  horns, 


and  they  made  darts  in  the  direction  of  the 
person  with  the  evil  eye,  towards  them  and 
even  pointing  downwards,  but  I  never  saw 
the  horns  pointing  upwards-.  My  son,  who 
came  home  from  Nice  via,  Avignon  and  Paris 
in  a  motor-car  last  month,  says  that  quite 
six  or  seven  times  people  made  horns  at  the 
car  and  its  occupants — more  frequently  in 
the  southern  parts  of  France.  F.  S.  V.-W. 

"FEBRUARY  FILL  DYKE"  (10th  S.  iii.  248).— 
In  Sussex  they  say  : — 

February  fill  the  click 
Every  day  white  or  black. 

The  husbandman  has  an  old  couplet : — 
All  the  months  in  the  year, 
Curse  a  fair  Februeer. 

And:    "When   the  cat  lies  in   the   sun  in 
February,  she  will  creep  behind  the  stove  in 
March."     A  German  proverb  says  that  "  one 
would  rather  see  a  wolf  than  a  peasant  in  his 
shirt-sleeves  in  February,"  while  the  French- 
man  says,   "A   warm   February   makes   the 
usurer  merry."    Ray  has,  "  The  hind  had  as 
lief  see  his  wife  on  the  bier,  as  that  Candlemas 
Day   should    be    pleasant    and    clear."      So 
"February  fill  dyke"  is  not  meant  vitupera- 
tively,  but  approvingly,  as  seasonable  : — 
February  fill  dyke,  be  it  black  or  white  ; 
But  if  it  be  white,  'tis  the  better  to  like. 
''  Snow,"  says  Ray, 

"brings  a  double  advantage  :  it  not  only  preserves 
the  corn  from  the  bitterness  of  the  frost  and  cold, 
but  enriches  the  ground  by  reason  of  the  nitrous 
salt  (?)  which  it  is  supposed  to  contain.     The  Alps 
and  other  high   mountains,  when  covered  all  the 
winter  with  snow,  he  had  observed,  became,  soon 
after  the  melting  of  the  snow,  like  a  garden,  full  of 
luxuriant  plants,  and  variety  of  flowers." 
February  makes  a  bridge,  and  March  breaks  it. 
J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

I  supposed  that  the  fill -dyke  rime  was 
known  to  every  one.  In  West  Yorkshire  it 
was  rendered  : — 

Febuary  fill  the  dyke, 

Whether  it  be  black  or  white  ; 

If  it  be  black,  it's  the  better  to  like. 

February  was  always  pronounced  as  a 
quadrisyllable,  with  the  first  r  omitted. 

H.  SNOWDEN  WARD. 
Hadlow,  Kent. 

MR.  E.  P.  WOLFERSTAN  put  the  same  ques- 
tion five  years  ago,  when  you  furnished  a 
reply.  His  question  elicited  seven  refer- 
ences to  works  treating  on  the  subject, 
which  were  in  addition  to  three  which  had 
already  appeared  in  7th  S.  xi.  254. 

EVERARD   HOME  COLEMAN. 

BATTLE-AXE  GUARD  (10th  S.  iii.  247).— The 
following,  extracted  from  'The  Present  State 


ws.iii.Ai.RiL22.i905.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


315 


of  the  Court  of  Great  Britain,'  1742  ("Printed 
for  T.  Cooper,  at  the  Globe  in  Pater-noster 
Row  "),  may  be  of  interest  to  E.  G.  C.  :— 

"  The  Honourable  Band  of  Gentlemen  Pensioners. 

J'This  honourable  Baud  was  first  instituted  by 
King  Henry  VII.  for  the  greater  Splendor  of  his 
Court,  being  design'd  as  a  Guard  for  his  Person,  for 
which  Reason  they  have  their  Posts  of  waiting 
assign'd  them  in  the  Presence-Chamber. 

"Their  principal  Duty  is,  to  attend  the  King  to 
and  from  the  Chapel,  whom  they  receive  either  in 
the  Presence-Chamber,  or  sometimes  at.  the  Dooi 
of  the  Privy-Lodgings,  lining  each  Side  of  the  Room 
in  ranks,  with  their  Battle-Axes,  which  is  their 
ancient  Arms.  They  are  in  Number  Forty,  and  by 
their  original  Institution  are  obliged  to  keep  three 
double  Horses,  or  Servants,  who  are,  as  well  as 
themselves,  to  have  proper  Arms,  and  so  are 
properly  a  Troop  of  Guards,  and  as  such  have  been 
nmster'd  by  their  own  Officers  :  But  this  last  part 
of  their  Duty  has  been  frequently  dispens'd  withal, 
during  the  King's  Pleasure. 

"They  wait  half  at  a  Time  Quarterly;  but  on 
Christmas  -  Day ,  Easter,  Whitsunday,  All  Saints, 
St.  George's  Feast,  the  Coronation  Days,  and  on 
other  extraordinary  Days,  they  are  obliged  all  to 
give  personal  Attendance,  under  Penalty  of  the 


......       _._   usually 

confers  the  Honour  of  Knighthood,  on  two  such 
Gentlemen  as  the  Captain  presents ;  which  Office 
hath  never  been  given  to  any  Person  under  the 
Degree  of  a  Nobleman,  unless  a  Knight  of  the 
Garter,  which  of  late  Years  hath  never  happen'd." 
A  list  of  the  officers  and  members  of  the 
'  Band,"  with  their  salaries,  follows.  Lord 
Allen  Bathurst,  afterwards  Earl  Bathurst, 
became  Captain  in  17-42,  in  place  of  the 
Duke  of  Bolton.  HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 

Information  as  to  the  guard  of  battle-axes 
attached  to  the  Irish  Viceregal  Court  will  be 
found  in  '  Illustrations  of  Irish  History  and 
Topography,  mainly  of  the  Seventeenth 
Century,'  by  C.  Litton  Falkiner  (London, 
1904),  pp.  85-7.  A  plate  in  Walker's  Hiber- 
nian Magazine  for  November,  1787,  to  which 
Mr.  Falkiuer  refers,  shows  their  uniform  in 
the  eighteenth  century. 

F.  ELRINGTON  BALL. 

Dublin. 

SIR  JAMES  COTTER  (10th  S.  iii.  167, 212).— The 
following  entry  concerning  the  above  is 
written  in  the  ancient  "  Denny  "  or  Tralee 
Church  Bible,  a  black-letter  Bible  of  1640, 
which  escaped  all  the  storms  of  war  and 
rebellion  which  swept  Kerry  in  the  seven- 
teenth century  :  — 

"  Y«2d  of  September,  1691,  the  Mansion  House 
or  Lastel  of  iraly,  the  seat  of  that  worthy 
constant,  and  loyall  gentleman,  Edward  Denny 
ksq.,  was  burnte  by  Colonel  Rutte,  by  order  of  Sir 
James  Cotter,  who  was  then  Governor  of  the 
County  of  Kerrye,  after  he  had  received  a  good  sum 


from  Madam  Denny  to  save  it,  and  engaged  his 
Hand  and  Faith  to  the  performance  therof,  but 
he  not  like  a  gentleman  broke  his  engagement. 

"The  Destroyer  is  destroyed  and  we  are  pre- 
served, so  they  that  sow  in  Tears  shall  reape  in 
Joye. — William  Stamford  [Vicar]." 

"This  Bible  was  preserved  by  the  care  of 
William  Stamford  all  the  tyme  of  the  War,  more 
especially  when  this  Town  was  burnte  in  August 
and  September,  1691.  Given  under  my  hand  this 
10th  of  October  1691.— Tralye,  Co.  Kerrye." 

Sir  James  Cotter  was  included  in  the 
Articles  of  the  Treaty  of  Limerick,  but  the 
two  captains  who  had  actually  burnt  Tralee 
Castle  were  ordered  by  Ginkel  to  be  hung. 
Their  lives  were  spared,  however,  at  the 
intercession  of  Edward  Denny. 

(Rev.)  H.  L.  L.  DENNY. 

St.  Stephen's,  Dublin. 

ST.  AYLOTT  (10th  S.  iii.  247). — A  similar 
inquiry  respecting  the  same  "moated  house" 
near  Saffron  Walden  appeared  in  '  N.  &,  Q.' 
ten  years  ago  (8th  S.  v.  488),  to  which  no  reply 
has  been  given.  I  cannot  find  the  name  in 
any  of  the  lists  of  saints  to  which  I  have 
referred.  EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

HERALDIC  (10th  S.  ii.  408 ;  iii.  33,  94, 154).— 
[t  is  possible  that  Crawe  is  the  modern 
transcriber's  error.  A  fourteenth-century  10 
s  sometimes  hardly  distinguishable  from  bb. 
The  copyist  may  have  learnt  the  distinction 
n  his  work  on  the  334  pages  that  separate 
/he  two  instances.  Q.  V. 

VADSTENA  CHURCH,  NORWAY  (10th  S.  iii. 
246). — MR.  PICKFORD  means  to  say  that  Queen 
Philippaof  Sweden  was  great-granddaughter, 
not  granddaughter,  to  Queen  Philippa  of 
"ngland.  W.  T. 

WAR  MEDALS  (10th  S.  iii.  247).— There  is  an 
jxcellent  book  on  English  war  medals,  in  two 
olumes,  by  Capt.  A.  E.  Whitaker,  of  Bab- 
vorth  Hall,  Retford,  Notts.  But  as  it  was 
H'inted  only  for  private  circulation,  it  cannot 
)e  obtained  through  the  booksellers. 

A.  A.  KIDSON. 

JACOBEAN  HOUSES  IN  FLEET  STREET  (10th  S. 
ii.  206,  250).— Ingress  Abbey,  Greenhithe, 
was  built  by  Alderman  Harmer.  The  pro- 
perty was  left  by  him  to  his  daughter,  who 
married  a  Mr.  Umfreville.  I  have  a  vague 
ecollection.that  the  mantelpiece  mentioned 
vas  pointed  out  to  me  by  a  member  of  the 
amily.  Ingress  Abbey  was  sold  by  the 

mfrevilles  about  two  years  ago.  If  ray 
Memory  is  not  at  fault,  I  was  told  that  part 
f  the  abbey  was  constructed  with  the  stone 
rom  old  London  Bridge. 

Would  COL.  PRIDEAUX  care  to  be  put  into 


316 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,    [w  s.  m.  APKIL  22,  i%5. 


communication  with  the  late  owners  ?  I 
shall  be  happy  to  "do  this  if  he  should  so  wish. 

M.  J.  D.  0. 

[Mu.  JOHN  HKBB  also  refers  to  Ingress  Abbey.] 

WOODEN  FONTS  (10th  S.  iii.  169,  253).— LINO 
is  mistaken  in  assuming  there  is,  or  has  been 
within  recent  memory,  a  wooden  font  in  the 
parish  church  of  St.  Michael  at  Doddis- 
combleigh.  I  happened  to  be  intimately 
connected  with  the  renovation  of  that  fabric 
in  1879,  and  have  been  closely  in  touch  with 
it  ever  since.  The  church  contained  no 
wooden  font  then,  nor  has  it  possessed  one 
since.  The  windows  in  the  north  aisle  con- 
tain some  of  the  most  interesting  fifteenth- 
century  glass  in  England.  Their  subjects 
illustrate  the  Seven  Sacraments. 

HARRY  HEMS. 

Fair  Park,  Exeter. 

BACON  OR  USHER?  (10th  S.  ii.  407,  471 ;  iii. 
94,  155,  234).— I  have  frequently  seen  the 
authorship  of  Bacon's  epitaph  at  St.  Michael's 
Church,  St.  Albans,  ascribed  to  Sir  Henry 
Wotton,  but  never  to  Sir  Thomas  Meautys, 
who  simply  erected  the  monument  at  his 
expense.  In  Ashdown's  'St.  Albans :  His- 
torical and  Picturesque,'  it  is  stated:  "Be- 
neath is  a  Latin  inscription  written  by  the 
accomplished  Sir  Henry  Wotton  (Provost 

of  Eton  College  1624-39) Sir  Thomas 

Meautys  had  been  private  secretary  to  Lord 
Verulam."  I  have  no  doubt  Mr.  Ashdown 
has  good  authority  for  his  statement. 

Since  the  above  was  written  I  find  that 
Rawley,  Bacon's  chaplain,  wrote  that  the 
monument  was  erected  "by  the  care  and 
gratitude  of  Sir  Thomas  Meautys,"  "  with  an 
Inscription  composed  by  that  Accomplisht 
Gentleman  and  Rare  Wit  Sir  Henry  Wotton" 
('Resuscitatio,'  1657).  GEORGE  STRONACH. 

BIBLIOGRAPHIES  (10th  S.  iii.  243).— It  is  to 
be  desired  that  the  plea  of  MR.  MoPiKE  for 
the  immediate  preparation  of  a  bibliography 
of  bibliographies  may  not  pass  unheeded.  In 
1880  the  Trustees  of  the  British  Museum 
published  an  exceedingly  useful  '  List  of 
Bibliographical  Works  in  the  Heading-Room,' 
and  this  was  revised  and  considerably  en- 
larged in  1889  by  the  present  Keeper  of  the 
Printed  Books  (Mr.  G.  K.  Fortescue).  I 
would  now  urge  that  a  third  edition  of  this 
valuable  work  be  prepared,  and  I  would  also 
venture  to  suggest  that  the  bibliographies 
named  in  the  list  be  annotated,  so  that  their 
value  and  scope  may  be  the  more  justly 
estimated.  .  A.  R.  C. 

t  MR.  McPiKE's  article  is  of  a  nature  to 
interest  many  readers,  and  it  more  particu- 


larly interested  myself  by  reason  of  a  growing 
bundle  or  two  of  notes  in  my  possession 
which  were  tending  to  fill  the  gap  pointed  to 
in  our  books  of  reference.  However,  as  stated, 
the  work  should  be  internationally  co  opera- 
tive, and  my  object  in  writing  now  is  to 
suggest  that  a  straightforward  author-list, 
such  as  M.  Vallee  has  adopted,  with  a  classified 
index,  would  be  the  most  suitable  form  of 
publication,  and  probably  the  most  useful. 
The  book,  in  my  opinion,  should  have  a  less 
cumbrous  title  than  '  Bibliography  of  Biblio- 
graphies,' and  would  with  advantage  extend 
its  scope  to  constitute  in  itself  a  bibliography 
of  printing,  literary  clubs,  and  the  ana  of 
bibliophilism.  Davis's  'Two  Journeys'  are 
not  bibliographies,  yet  are  bibliographical, 
and  so  with  'The  Book-Hunter'  and  a  speech 
of  Mr.  Morley's  on  literature.  May  I  inquire 
how  many  volumes  of  'N.  &  Q.'  it  is  estimated 
will  suffice  for  the  publication  ? 

F.  MARCHAM. 
Hornsey,  N. 

TURING:  BANNERMAN  (10^  S.  iii.  167).— 
Both  these  names  occur  in  the  Madras 
records  in  the  eighteenth  century.  John 
Turing  is  mentioned  in  1729  as  a  surgeon 
on  the  Greenwich  in  the  Company's  service. 
Robert  Turing  went  to  Fort  St.  George  as 
a  surgeon's  mate  in  one  of  the  Company's 
ships  in  1729.  He  afterwards  became  surgeon 
of  the  garrison,  and  married  in  1755  Mary, 
daughter  of  Capt.  John  De  Morgan,  who 
was  the  widow  of  Capt.  Thomas  Taylor,  to 
whom  she  was  married  in  1750.  But  there 
is  no  mention  of  Janet  Turing  in  the  records. 
See  Genealogist,  vol.  xx.  pp.  105-6. 

FRANK  PENNY. 

I  venture  to  suggest  that  inquiry  be  made 
in  Forglen  parish,  of  which  the  Rev.  David 
Bannerman  was  minister  at  the  date  of  his 
marriage  and  for  several  years  afterwards. 
His  father,  James,  was  appointed  minister 
of  Forglen  in  1717,  and  died  in  1749,  in  the 
eightieth  year  of  his  age,  arid  forty-fifth  of 
his  ministry.  David  had  been  appointed  his 
assistant  and  successor  in  1742.  David's  son, 
James  Patrick,  minister  of  Cargill,  married, 
in  1793,  a  Mary  Turing,  and  had  a  son  James, 
who  became  minister  of  Ormiston.  There 
should  be  some  note  of  these  marriages,, 
indicating  the  branch  of  the  Turing  family^ 
in  the  parish  records  of  Forglen  and  Cargill,. 
or  in  historical  accounts  of  these  parishes. 

Turing  was  not  an  uncommon  name  among 
the  clergy  of  the  Church  of  Scotland  in  the- 
eighteenth  century.  The  minister  of  Rayne- 
in  1705  was  Walter  Turing,  who  died  in  1743.. 
The  minister  of  Drumblade  in  1703  was  John 


10*  s.  in.  APRIL  22, 1905.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


317 


Turing,  who  died  in  1743,  aged  eighty-four, 
and  left  a  son  Alexander,  who  was  minister 
of  Oyne  iti  1729,  and  died  in  1782,  in  the 
eighty-first  year  of  his  age  and  fifty -fourth 
of  his  ministry.  He  had  two  sons  and  seven 
daughters.  A  James  Turing  was  appointed 
minister  of  Aberdour  in  1733,  and  came  to  a 
tragic  end  in  that  year. 

For  the  information  desired  by  your 
querist  I  would  recommend  that  application 
be  made  to  the  present  parish  ministers  of 
Forglen  and  Cargill,  and  to  "  the  Rev.  the 
Convener  of  the  Church  of  Scotland's 
Committee  on  Records,  Croston  Lodge, 
Edinburgh. '  W.  S. 

'  DIRECTIONS  TO  CHURCHWARDENS  '  (10th  S. 
iii.  264). — MR.  HOLCOMBE  INGLEBY  says,  with 
reference  to  the  term  "outsetter":  "This 
word  has  fallen  into  desuetude,  and  yet  we 
have  no  successor  or  equivalent  to  describe 
the  class  of  person  referred  to." 

May  I  say  that  in  Somerset  the  terms 
"indweller  "  and  "  outdweller"  are  in  active 
use  to  describe  the  ratepayers  or  tithepayers 
of  a  parish  ?  The  latter  pay  a  small  contri- 
bution in  lieu  of  tithe— fourpence  an  acre  in 
some  cases — except  for  houses  and  curtilages, 
where  the  tithes  are  the  same  whether  used 
by  the  tithepayer  or  not.  This  frequently 
leads  to  evasion  where  the  tithe-collector  is 
not  acquainted  with  the  "customs  of  the 
country."  The  "apparent"  occupier  is  not 
the  real  one;  he  "rents  the  grass"  of  his 
father  or  brother,  who  is  only  liable  (as  "  an 
outdweller")  to  the  smaller  rate  of  tithe. 

JAMES  R.  BRAMBLE,  F.S.A. 

According  to  Le  Neve's  'Fasti  Eccl.  Angl.,' 
by  Hardy,  li.  477,490,  Humphrey  Prideaux 
<'D.N.B.,'  xlvi.  352),  who  was  collated  Arch- 
deacon of  Suffolk  on  21  December,  1698,  and 
was  installed  Dean  of  Norwich  on  8  June, 
1702,  continued  to  hold  the  archdeaconry 
until  his  death  on  1  November,  1724,  his 
immediate  successor  as  archdeacon  being 
David  Wilkins  ('  D.N.B.,'  Ixi.  206),  who  was 
instituted  on  19  December,  1724.  This  seems 
to  be  correct,  as  no  intermediate  archdeacon 
is  mentioned  in  the  index  called  '  Liber 
Institutionum '  at  the  Record  Office. 

H.  C. 

SMALL  PARISHES  (10th  S.  iii.  1-28, 193,  274)  — 
I  have  in  my  possession  two  letters  which 
have  appeared  in  the  Daily  Mail  on  the 
subject  of  small  parishes.  The  first  emanated 
from  Ludlow,  and  bore  the  initials  I.  B.  L. 
It  appeared  in  the  Daily  Mail  of  6  May, 
1901,  and  was  as  follows  : — 

"  Ludlow  '  Castle '  has  been  a  parish  for  upwards 
of  200  years.  The  present  population  is  five.  It 


was  the  same  last  census.  There  has  been  no  birth 
in  the  parish  for  upwards  of  sixty  years.  It  is  well 
lighted  with  gas,  has  a  good  water  supply,  with  a 
very  fine  old  chapel ;  but  service  is  only  read  about 
once  a  year,  sometimes  not  that." 

The  second  letter  appeared  in  the  Mail  of 
22  December,  1903,  and  in  a  list  of  small 
parishes  included  the  following :  "  Ludlow 
Castle  (Shropshire) ;  one  house ;  popula- 
tion, 4." 

I  do  not,  of  course,  vouch  for  the  accuracy 
of  these  statements,  especially  in  the  face 
of  MR.  HERBERT  SOUTIIAM'S  explicit  contra- 
diction. I  merely  reproduce  them  in  order 
to  give  chapter  and  verse  for  the  source  of 
my  reply.  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

SIR  WALTER  RALEIGH'S  'HISTORIE  OF  THE 
WORLD'  (10tb  S.  iii.  127,  194,  274).— After 
reading  MR.  JAGGARD'S  answer,  I  think  my 
copy  must  be  the  second  issue,  as  it  is 
anonymous,  and  has  the  errata  of  the  first 
corrected.  CONSTANCE  RUSSELL. 

Swallowfield. 

SHORTER  :  WALPOLE  (10th  S.  iii.  269).— As  I 
have  before  now  found  occasion  to  refer  in 
your  columns  to  inaccuracies  in  The  Gentle- 
man's Magazine,  I  would  suggest  the  pos- 
sibility of  a  printer's  error  having  occurred 
in  the  entry  quoted  by  MR.  VIDLER,  and  that 
"  Oct. "  should  read  Xov. 

John  Shorter,  of  By  brook,  Kent  (born  1659 
according  to  one  authority,  1660  according 
to  another),  died  19  November,  1734  (Gyll's 
'History  of  Wraysbury,'  ifcc.,  p.  275),  and  was 
the  father  of  Catherine,  Lady  Walpole.  May 
not  the  entry  given  by  your  correspondent 
|  refer  to  this  gentleman  ? 

I  have  made  considerable  research  into  the 
j  lineage  of  the  Shorter  family,  and,  if  October 
I  is   correct,  perhaps   the  entry  may  refer  to 
Lady  Walpole's  eldest  brother  John,  the  date 
of  whose  decease  1  have  not  been  able  to 
trace.  FRANCIS  H.  RELTON. 

9,  Brou<>hton  Road,  Thornton  Heath. 

HOUSE  OF  ANJOU  (10th  S.  iii.  270).— See 
Mr.  Hereford  B.  George's  '  Genealogical 
Tables  illustrative  of  Modern  History," 
fourth  edition  (published  by  the  Clarendon 
Press,  1904),  Table  XXXIII. 

A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

RUSSIAN  NAMES  (10th  S.  iii.  266).— MR.  F.  P. 
MARCHANT'S  statement  that  Kuropatkin  is 
"pronounced  as  spelt"  will  perhaps  hardly 
help  the  ordinary  Englishman,  for  probably 
nine  out  of  ten  of  our  countrymen  pronounce 
the  name  of  the  Russian  general  as  if  spelt 
Kiuropatkin  or  Kewropatkin.  The  letter  u 
should,  of  course,  be  pronounced  like  our  oo 


318 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,   [iv  s.  m.  APRIL  2-2. 1905. 


in  "food,"  as  also  in  the  word  Manchuria 
(with  the  ch  soft)  and  in  the  Japanese  names 
Oku  and  Kuroki.  The  latter  name  is  gener- 
ally twisted  by  English  perversity  into 
Kiuroki.  To  go  further  afield,  the  same  rule 
applies  to  Sudan  (Soudan  or  Soodan),  Nubia 
(from  the  Greek  Nov/fcu),  etc.  When  the 
Matabele  warriors  were  at  the  Earl's  Court 
Exhibition  some  years  ago  I  saw  a  gentleman 
go  up  to  one  of  the  men  and  ask  for  "Loben- 
gewla's  kraal."  The  Matabele  drew  himself 
up  to  his  full  height,  and,  with  a  contemp- 
tuous glance  at  the  erring  Englishman, 
replied,  "Lobengoola,  Lobengoola." 

FREDERICK  A.  EDWARDS. 

TWINS  (10th  S.  iii.  249). —Some  thirteen 
years  ago  I  sat  down  on  Christmas  Day  with 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dunn  and  seventeen  out  of 
their  nineteen  children.  I  believe  four  were 
"  cases  of  twins."  In  one  case  at  least  the 
girls  were  so  much  alike  in  feature  that 
their  mother  had  to  tie  a  ribbon  on  the  arm 
of  one  to  enable  her  to  distinguish  her  from 
her  sister.  I  can  see  these  two  pretty  little 
girls  in  my  mind's  eye  now.  This  answers 
one  of  the  requirements  of  your  querist. 
Another  answer  is  that  he  can  go  to  Hams- 
gate  and  make  inquiries  for  himself,  and  will 
always  be  considered  a  welcome  guest,  for 
Mrs.  Dunn  is  the  proprietress  of  the  West- 
bourne  boarding-house  there. 

He  may  like  to  hear,  as  an  important  family 
matter  very  little  known,  that  twins  can  be 
insured  against  at  Lloyd's,  and  on  payment 
of  101.  the  happy  father,  in  case  of  twins,  is 
made  still*happier  by  the  receip.t  of  500£. 
RALPH  THOMAS. 

A  striking  example  of  close  likeness,  both 
mental  and  physical,  is  that  of  E.  It.  and 
C.  G.  Allen,  the  well  -  known  lawn  -  tennis 
players.  I  have  known  them  well  for  years  ; 
but  though  I  know  them  apart  when  they 
are  together— please  excuse  the  bull— when 
conversing  with  one  alone  I  am  not  always 
sure  to  which  I  am  speaking.  They  have 
also  many  characteristics  and  habits  of 
thought  in  common.  E.  E.  STREET. 

Chichester. 

TIGERNACUS  (10th  S.  iii.  268).— This  is  a 
Latin  form  of  the  Irish  Christian  name 
Tighearnach,  having  the  same  sense  as  Basil 
viz.,  "  kingly."  Tighearnach  wrote  the 
'Annales  Hibernici,  which  Dr.  O'Conor 
printed  in  his  'Rerum  Hibernicarum  Scrip- 
tores  Veteres,'  1814.  A  good  account  of  his 
life  and  works  will  be  found  in  the  '  D.N.B.,' 
s.v.  'O'Braein,'  which  is  the  eleven th-century 
spelling  of  his  family  name.  In  modern 


Gaelic  it  would  be  O'Braoin,  and  in  English 
O'Breen,  which  last  has  the  advantage  of 
giving  the  man  in  the  street  a  chance  of 
pronouncing  it  correctly. 

This  seems  a  fitting  place  to  protest  against 
the  muddled  way  in  which  the  'D.N.B.' 
spells  Irish  surnames,  mixing  up  no  fewer 
than  three  systems  of  orthography.  Some- 
times Irish  worthies  are  inserted,  like 
Tighearnach,  under  obsolete  Gaelic  forms  of 
their  names,  sometimes  under  modern  Gaelic 
forms,  and  sometimes  under  Anglicized  forms. 
Chronology  has  nothing  to  do  with  it,  since 
Roderic  O'Conor  and  Tiernan  O'Rourke 
appear  under  English  spellings,  whereas 
their  contemporary  who  ought  consistently 
to  have  been  called  Dermot  MacMnrrough 
appears  under  his  Gaelic  name,  Mac- 
Murchadha.  JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

Permit  me  to  answer  my  question  above, 
as  I  find  from  advertisement  of  '  Bodleian 
Irish  Manuscripts,"  about  to  be  published, 
that  "  a  fragment  of  Tigernach's  '  Annals  ' "  is 
in  the  Bodleian ;  so  the  singular-looking 
form  of  the  name  I  quoted  was  the  Latinized. 
CHARLES  S.  KING,  Bt. 

St.  Leonartls-on-Sea. 

[Replies  also  from  MR.  K.  H.  COLKMAX  and  MR. 
J.  RADCLIFFK,  the  latter  referring  to  Bishop  William 
Nicholson's  '  Irish  Historical  Library,'  1776.] 

CURETON'S  MULTANIS  (10th  S.  iii.  269).— The 
present  15th  Regiment  of  Bengal  Lancers, 
known  as  "Cureton's  Multanis,"  was  raised 
by  Capt.  Cureton  in  1858.  It  was  formed 
of  a  number  of  volunteer  risalahs  of  Pathan 
horse,  named  from  their  commandants  Cure- 
ton's,  Lind's,  &c.  In  1859  it  was  called  the 
Multani  Regiment  of  Cavalry ;  in  1860, 
Cureton's  Multani  Regiment  of  Cavalry ;  in 
1861  it  became  the  15th  Bengal  Cavalry; 
and  in  1890  the  15th  Bengal  Lancers.  These 
details  are  from  a  very  useful  book  recently 
published  by  the  Government  of  India,  'A 
Sketch  of  the  Services  of  the  Bengal  Native 
Army,'  compiled  by  Lieut.  F.  G.  Cardew, 
which  gives  the  war  services  of  this  dis- 
tinguished regiment.  W.  CROOKE. 

The  unfamiliar  word  is  one  of  the  lament- 
able results  of  altering  the  spelling  of  his- 
toric names  of  places.  Readers  of  Indian 
history  are  accustomed  to  Mooltan  as  the 
name  of  a  place  rendered  famous  by  certain 
events.  It  cannot  be  supposed  that  the 
Mooltanis  would  be  offended  if  their  native 
place  were  spelt  in  the  British  historic  way. 

F.  P. 
[Reply  also  from  MR.  F.  A.  EDWARDS.] 


s.  in.  APRIL  2-2,1903.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


319 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 
lini  Dacti  Libellm.     (Cambridge,  University 
Press. ) 

THE  appearance  of  this  volume  furnishes  proof  how 
much  spirit  and  energy  are  being  thrown  by  the 
Cambridge  University  Press  into  the  task  of  render- 
ing accessible  the  treasures  of  the  University  Library, 
and  supplying  generally  finely  printed  works,  in 
which  the  bibliophile  will  delight.  The  work  now 
reissued— the  first  lines  of  which,  constituting  the 
title,  are,  filling  out  a  contraction,  "  Augustini  Dacti 
Scribe  super  Tullianis  elogancijs  et  yerbis  exoticis 
in  sua  facundissima  Rethorica  incipit  perornate 
libellus  "—forms  the  last  of  eleven  tracts,  constitut- 
ing a  curious  volume,  which  was  once  in  the  collec- 
tion of  John  Moore,  Bishop  of  Ely  1707-14,  the 
munificent  patron  of  Clare  College.  With  the 
remainder  of  his  fine  library,  it  was  purchased  by 
George  I.,  and  presented  in  1715  to  the  University. 
It  is  one  of  three  works  in  the  same  volume  of 
which  no  other  copy  is  known  to  exist.  Concern- 
ing Dactus  himself  nothing  seems  discoverable. 
His  work,  which  was  printed  near  1479  by  "  the 
Schoolmaster  Printer  at  Saint  Albans,"  is  one 
of  a  class  of  productions  with  which,  during  the 
period  of  Cicero  worship,  the  early  Renais- 
sance overflowed.  It  is  a  beautiful  specimen  of 
typography,  abounding,  of  course,  in  contractions, 
but  clear  and  legible.  Two  hundred  and  fifty 
copies  only  have  been  printed  in  facsimile,  and  the 
impressions  have  been  rubbed  ofi'and  the  plates  and 
the  negatives  destroyed.  Twelve  works  in  all  are 
to  form  the  series,  the  next  three  to  appear  con- 
sisting of  the  'Anelida  and  Arcite'  of  Chaucer, 
from  the  unique  copy  of  Caxton's  Westminster 
edition  of  1477-8  ;  Lydgate's  '  Temple  of  Glas,'  from 
a  copy,  also  unique,  of  Caxton's  Westminster  edition 
of  the  same  date ;  and  Thomas  Betson's  '  Ryght 
Profytable  Treatyse'(from  St.  Jerome,  St.  Bernard, 
Geraon,  &c.),  from  the  copy  printed  by  Wynkyn  de 
Worde  in  Caxton's  house.  The  Caxtons  are  among 
the  first  printed  works  of  Chaucer  and  Lydgate 
respectively.  The  missale  type  used  in  the  '  Dactus' 
is  only  encountered  again  in  the  signatures  of  the 
Laurentius  de  Saona  of  1480  and  of  the  Joannes 
Canonicus.  M.  Dujardin,  of  Paris,  is  responsible 
for  the  facsimiles,  the  photographs  for  which 
were  made  in  the  Cambridge  University  Library. 
The  four  volumes  named  will  be  executed  during 
the  present  spring,  four  more  being  to  be  anti- 
cipated in  1906,  and  four  in  1907.  Of  the  two 
hundred  and  fifty  copies  two  hundred  only  are  for 
sale.  All  are  issued  on  hand-made  paper  and  in  an 
admirably  artistic  get-up. 

The  Viiion  of  Piers  the  Plowman.  By  William 
Langland.  Done  into  Modern  English  by  the 
Rev.  Prof.  Skeat.  (De  La  More  Press.) 
WE  have  here  another  of  those  popularizations — 
or,  as  the  French  might  say,  vulgarizations — of  an 
ancient  poem  which  are  owing  to  Prof.  Skeat.  As 
in  the  case  of  Chaucer,  many  of  whose  works  in 
modernized  language  are  in  "  The  King's  Classics,' 
the  best  and  most  authoritative  edition  of  William 
Langland  is  edited  by  Prof.  Skeat.  An  interesting 
and  valuable  preface  brings  forward  many  facts 
little  known  to  the  majority  of  readers.  It  is  the 
vision  "concerning"  Piers  Plowman,  and  not  Piers 


Plowman's  vision.  The  part  now  reproduced  in- 
a  modernized  version  is  but  a  portion  of  the  entire 
work.  Over  fifty  MSS.  of  the  work  exist.  Geunine- 

listorical  value  attaches  to  the  poem,  as  showing 
'he  every-day  life  of  the  fourteenth  century,  but 
Jie  most  significant  aspect  seems  to  be  the  satirical. 
The  confessions  of  the  Seven  Deadly  Sins  form 
a  wonderful  piece  of  character-drawing.  A  few 
serviceable  notes  are  appended,  and  the  whole 
constitutes  an  attractive  volume  of  one  of  the  most 
attractive  and  readable  of  series.  A  pleasing  illus- 
'  ration,  rubricated  from  a  MS.  in  Trinity  College, 

Cambridge,  forms  an  attractive  frontispiece. 

The  Poems  of  Lord  Tennyson.  (Heinemann.) 
UNIFORM  with  the  edition  of  Shakspeare  in  forty- 
volumes,  of  which  we  have  spoken  as  a  miracle- 
of  cheapness,  Mr.  Heinemann  has  issued  an  edition 
of  Tennyson's  poems,  comprising  '  Idyls  of  the 
King,'  two  volumes,  'In  Memoriam  and  other 
Poems,'  'Maud,'  and  '  English  Idyls.;  Each  volume 
has  an  introduction  by  Mr.  Arthur  Waugh,  and 
a,  portrait  or  other  illustration.  The  edition  is 
bound  to  have  a  large  circulation. 

The  English  Catalogue  of  Books  for  190$.    (Sampson 

Low  &  Co.) 

THE  sixty-eighth  yearly  issue  of  this  most  useful1 
of  books  of  reference  contains  over  300  pp.,  and 
fulfils  once  more  every  requisite  of  the  collector 
and  the  dealer.  The  title  and  the  index  of  the 
works  mentioned  are  once  more  in  one  alphabet, 
and  are  so  arranged  as  to  facilitate  in  every 
sense  the  task  of  reference.  An  appendix  includes 
the  Transactions  of  learned  societies  and  the  series 
issued  by  certain  publishers.  After  these  come 
the  names  and  addresses  of  the  publishers  of  Great- 
Britain  and  Ireland,  with  the  chief  among  American 
and  Canadian  publishers.  We  have  nothing  but 
praise  for  a  publication  the  utility  of  which  we 
have  constantly  and  successfully  tested. 

Illuminated  Manuscripts.    By  John   W.   Bradley.. 

(Methuen  &  Co.) 

To  the  valuable  and  interesting  series  of  "  Little 
Books  on  Art,"  edited  for  Messrs.  Methuen  by 
Mr.  Cyril  Davenport,  has  been  added  a  volume 
by  Mr.  Bradley  on  'Illuminated  Manuscripts.' 
This,  which  is  illustrated  with  twenty-one  repro- 
ductions in  black  and  white  or  in  gold  and  colours,, 
shows  the  growth  of  the  art  from  Greek  and 
Roman  to  Renascence  times  — in  fact,  from  the 
sixth  century  to  the  sixteenth.  It  will  strongly 
recommend  itself  to  the  student  and  to  the  col- 
lector of  Books  of  Hours. 

THE  opening  volumes  of  "The  Cameo  Classics" 
reach  us  from  the  Library  Press,  and  comprise 
Dickens's  Tale  of  Two  Cities  and  The  Beauties  of 
Sterne.  This  is  one  of  the  most  attractive  of  those 
cheap  series  which  are  a  feature  of  the  day. 

To  "The  York  Library"  of  Messrs.  George  Bell 
&  Sons  has  been  added  The  Thoughts  of  Blaise 
Pascal,  translated  by  C.  Kegan  Paul  from  the  text 
of  M.  Auguste  Molinier.  The  rendering  is  exem- 
plary in  all  respects,  and  the  prefatory  matter  i»- 
drawn  from  the  best  French  authorities.  The  book 
may  be  dipped  into  or  studied  with  the  certainty 
of  delight  or  gain. — Another  addition  to  the  same 
goodly  series  consists_  of  The  Thoughts  of  the  Em- 
peror Marcus  Aurelius  Antoninus,  translated  by 
the  late  George  Long.  During  the  last  few  years. 


320 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [io*  s.  m.  APRIL  22, 1905. 


— and,  indeed,  it  may  be  said  the  last  few 
.months  —  this  work  has  been  issued  in  various 
lorms.  No  better  or  more  trustworthy  translation 
.remains  than  that  of  Long,  which,  since  its  revision 
:in  1873,  has  remained  in  highest  estimation.  The 
work  is  an  indispensable  portion  of  the  library  of 
-every  scholar.  To  the  present  reprint  is  added 
the  well-known  essay  of  Matthew  Arnold,  which 
belongs  to  the  first  edition  of  the  'Essays  in 
Criticism.'  The  admirable  essay  in  question  is 
.given  as  an  appendix. 

THE  Intermediaire  still  continues  to  draw  into  the 
secure  shelter  of  its  erudite  pages  a  world  of  notes 
.making  a  strong  appeal  to  every  one  concerned 
with  genealogy,  history,  and  archaeology.  The 
•student  of  modern  literature  and  drama  may 
also  find  instructive,  and  at  times  highly  amusing 
information  scattered  among  the  more  learned  dis- 
.sertations ;  for  even  in  a  journal  principally  devoted 
to  antiquarian  research  the  Gallic  spirit  refuses  to 
'•be  too  grave  and  orderly.  Among  the  subjects 
lately  discussed  are  the  misdemeanours  attri- 
"buted  by  tradition  to  the  notorious  Gilles  de  Rais, 
Benedictines  who  were  Freemasons,  Norman  con- 
/reries  de  charite,  the  source  of  the  spikenard  used 
*by  the  Romans,  the  primitive  form  of  confession 
in  the  Christian  Church,  and  the  pronunciation 
.properly  given  to  the  name  of  Montaigne. 

THE  most  important  treatise  in  Folk-Lore  is 
""Midsummer  Customs  in  Morocco,'  by  E.  Wester- 
marck,  which  shows  that  among  the  Berbers  there 
are  many  observances  not  unlike  the  bonfire  or 
water  -  ceremonies  still  practised  among  certain 
European  peoples  at  that  season.  This  coincidence 
probably  points  to  racial  affinity,  for  these  customs 
are  said  to  be  unknown  beyond  the  lands  yet 
influenced  by  the  ancient  "Mediterranean  race" 
from  which  the  modern  Berber  and  modern 
European  are  now  believed  to  inherit  many 
characteristics.  '  Some  Notes  on  the  Huculs '  is  a 
paper  which  affords  sad  reading,  since  it  is  evident 
that  "civilization"  is  once  again  destroying  the 
virtue  and  integrity  of  a  people  which  was  happy 
•  enough  in  its  simple  way  while  left  in  comparative 
barbarism.  The  note  on  'The  Padstow  Hobby 
Horse,'  an  animal  which  still  promotes  holiday 
mirth  on  the  1st  of  May,  contains  a  couple  of 
curious  May-songs ;  in  one  of  these  there  is  a  dis- 
tinct reference  to  the  use  of  the  long-bow :  — 
Where  are  the  French  dogs  that  make  such  boast,  0  ? 

They  shall  eat  the  grey  goose  feather, 
.And  we  will  eat  the  roast,  O. 
At  Helston,  as  we  are  told  in  a  foot-note,  it  is 
"those  gallant  Spaniards"  who  are  to   "eat  the 
grey  goose  feather." 

THE  possession  of  The  Publinhers'  Weekly  and  its 
advertisements,  which  cannot  be  accused  of  being 
over-diffident  in  statement,  will  certainly  prove 
profitable  to  booksellers  and  bookbuyers.  It  supplies 
a  list  of  the  literary  ventures,  immortal  and  other- 
wise, which  are  now  put  forward  by  the  aspirants 
for  fame  who  are  engaged  in  laying  siege  to  the 
.affections  of  the  American  reading  public. 

The  Library  Journal,  which  also  reaches  us  from 
"  the  States,"  is  full  of  carefully  prepared  papers 
that  ought  to  be  of  service  to  many  English 
librarians.  The  general  education  of  the  masses  is 
said  to  have  done  scarcely  anything  to  develope  an 


appreciation  of  true  literature  in  England  ;  but  in 
many  parts  of  America,  where  "  plain  people  "  are 
not  only  taught  to  read,  but  also  supplied  with  free 
libraries  controlled  by  trained  librarians,  a  certain 
wide-mindedness — forming  a  basis  for  true  cultiva- 
tion— must  surely  be  acquired  by  men  and  women 
possessed  of  a  little  more  than  ordinary  ability.  If 
not,  why  not?  Where  is  the  fault  in  the  efforts 
made  to  train  the  intellects  of  all  people  capable 
of  real  education  ? 

ABBOT  GASQUET  has  in  the  press  an  important 
work  entitled  '  Henry  III.  and  the  Church :  a 
Study  of  his  Ecclesiastical  Policy  and  his  Relations 
with  Rome.'  The  work  is  based  upon  original 
documents,  both  in  the  Vatican  and  in  England, 
and  treats  this  important  period  in  the  develop- 
ment of  English  polity  with  the  same  impartiality 
that  distinguishes  the  author's  well-known  works 
on  '  Henry  VIII.  and  the  English  Monasteries'  and 
'  The  Eve  of  the  Reformation.'  The  book  will  be 
published  shortly  by  Messrs.  George  Bell  &  Sons. 

PROF.  A.  S.  COOK,  of  Yale,  has  edited  '  The  Dream 
of  the  Rood'— an  Old  English  poem  attributed  to 
Cynewulf— for  the  Oxford  University  Press,  and 
the  little  book  will  be  ready  very  shortly.  The  MS. 
was  discovered  in  1822  in  the  Chapter  Library  of 
the  Cathedral  of  Vercelli,  where  it  still  remains. 
Prof.  Cook  discusses  and  dismisses  the  theory  of 
Caedmon's  authorship. 


ia 

We  must  call  upecial  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 
put  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
heading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "Duplicate." 

R.  S.  (' Reminiscences  of  Thought  and  Feeling'). 
—This  work  was  written  by  Mary  Ann  Kelty. 

J.  PICKFORD  ("Gagger").— One  who  applies  the 
gag,  concerning  which  the  'N.E.D.'  says:  "Now 
often  applied  opprobriously  to  the  action  of  a  par- 
liamentary majority  in  'closuring  '  a  debate." 

HARRY  ("  Blanco  White's  '  Mysterious  Night '  "). 
—This  is  in  many  sonnet  collections,  and  also 
printed  in  '  Chambers's  Cyclopaedia  of  Literature,' 
s.v.  '  Joseph  Blanco  White.1 

NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries'"— Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "The  Pub- 
lisher"— at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  E.G. 

We  beg  leave  to  state  that  we  decline  to  return 
communications  which,  for  any  reason,  we  do  not 
print;  and  to  this  rule  we  can  make  no  exception. 


io»s.  in.  APRIL  22,  HUB.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

THE    ATHEN-ffiUM 

JOURNAL  OF  ENGLISH  AND  FOREIGN  LITERATURE,  SCIENCE, 
THE  FINE  ARTS,  MUSIC,  AND  THE  DRAMA. 


THIS  WEEK'S  ATHEKffiUM  contains  Articles  on 

STUDIES  in  PROSE  and  VERSE.  The  ROMANCE  of  SAVOY. 

IN  UNKNOWN  AFRICA.  The  REGISTER  of  WALTER  GIFFARD. 

WILLOBIE  HIS  AVISA. 

'MID  the  THICK  ARROWS.      PATRICIA :   a  Mother.      MONARCH :   the  Big  Bear  of  Tallac.      The 

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PARTNERS.     WANTED  a  COOK. 
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ITALIAN     LETTERS    of    a    DIPLOMAT'S    WIFE.       STUDIES    in    COLONIAL    NATIONALISM. 

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ROUTLEDGE'S  NEW  UNIVERSAL  LIBRARY.     CHANGE  for  a  HALFPENNY. 
HISTORICAL  MANUSCRIPTS  COMMISSION:   some  Recent  Reports.       The  LITERARY  DEPART- 

MBNT   of   SOMERSET    HOUSE.      The    FIRST    USE    of    ARABIC    and    SYRIAC    TYPE    in 

ENGLAND.      SHELLEY'S    STANZA-NUMBERING    in    the   'ODE    to    NAPLES.'      SCOTT'S 

•  BONNETS  of  BONNIE  DUNDEE.' 
CULTES,  MYTHES,  et  RELIGIONS. 
The  COMPLETE  WORKS  of  RUSKIN.    ARCHAEOLOGICAL  NOTES. 


Last  Week's  ATHENJEUM  contains  Articles  on 

REMINISCENCES  of  a  RADICAL  PARSON.        NOTES  FROM  a  DIARY. 

A  NEW  LIFE  of  CLAVERHOUSE. 

*  SONNETS  from  the  PORTUGUESE'  in  FRENCH. 

A  COMMENTARY  on  MAGNA  CARTA. 

NEW  NOVELS :— The  Golden  Pool ;  A  Pagan's  Love  ;  The  Stepping- Stone  ;  The  Seeker  ;  Crittenden  ; 
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LIST  of  NEW  BOOKS. 

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FINE  ARTS :— George  Morland  :  The  Ancient  Castles  of  Ireland ;  The  Goupil  Gallery ;  The  Royal 
Society  of  Painters  in  Water  Colour  ;  Etchings  at  Paterson's  Gallery ;  The  National  Art  Collections 
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And  of  all  Newsagents. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [io">  s.  m.  APRIL  22, 1905. 

SMITH,  ELDER  &  CO.'  S  STANDARD  BOOKS. 
W.  M.  THACKERAY'S  WORKS.— The  Biographical  Edition. 

13  vols.  large  crown  8vo,  cloth,  gilt  top,  6s.  each.    The  13  vols.  are  also  supplied  in  Set  cloth 

binding,  gilt  top,  £3  18s. 

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an  Introdubtion  by  Mrs.  RICHMOND  RITCHIE. 

WORKS    BY    MISS    THACKERAY.— The    Uniform    Edition. 

Each  Volume  illustrated  with  a  Vignette  Title-Page.    Large  crown  8vo,  6s.  each. 

"  Her  stories  are  a  series  of  exquisite  sketches,  full  of  tender  light  and  shadow,  and  soft,  harmonious  colouring This- 

eort  of  writing  is  nearly  as  good  as  a  change  of  air."— Academy. 

MRS.   GASKELL'S  WORKS.-The  Uniform  Edition. 

"Mrs.  Qaskell  has  done  what  neither  I  nor  other  female  writers  in  France  can  accomplish — she  has  written  novels- 
which  excite  the  deepest  interest  in  men  of  the  world,  and  which  every  girl  will  be  the  better  for  reading." — GEORGES  SAND. 

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V*  Also  the  POPULAK  EDITION  in  7  vols.   and  the  POCKET  EDITION  in  8  vols.      Particulars  upon, 
application. 

LIFE    AND    WORKS    OF 
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in.  APRIL  29,  loos.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


321 


LONDON,  SATL'EDAY,  APRIL  99,  1905. 


CONTENTS.-No.  70. 

i/OTES  :— '  Private  History  of  the  Court  of  England,'  321— 
"England,"  "English":  their  Pronunciation,  322  — 
Patrick  Gordon:  Peter  Gordon,  324  — Mary,  Queen  of 
Scots :  Letter  of  1582— United  States  of  America :  their 
Dates  —  Surrey  Marriage  Licences  —  Cholsey,  Berks  — 
Thomas  Amory— English  Literature  in  the  Far  East,  326 
— "  Though  lost  to  sight,"  &c.— "Huguenot,"  327. 

QUERIES  :  —  King  Edward  VII.  —  Fanshawe  Family  — 
Marchesa  Spinola— William  Hutchinson— W.  V.  Richard- 
son and  the  Russian  Church,  327— Apothecaries'  Act  of 
1815 — John  Crowe  —  Scottish  Proclamation  —  "He  sat 
beside  the  lowly  door  " — "  The  heart  has  many  a  dwelling- 
place  "—Addition  to  Christian  Name— Irish  Soil  Exported 
— Goethe  and  Book-keeping— Nicholas,  Bishop  of  Coventry 
—Miller  of  Hide  Hall.  328— Theatre  in  Rawstorne  Street, 
Clerkenwell— Navy  Office  Seal— Ancient  London  Houses 
—James  II.  Medal— Sir  T.  Crompton— Kenmure  Peerage 
—Maiden  L<»ne,  Maiden— Southwold  Church,  329— Rev. 
E.  W.  Grinfield.  330. 

REPLIES  :— The  Pawnbroker's  Sign,  330 -Small  Parishes- 
Pancake  Day  —  "  Pompelmous  "— Langley  Meynell :  Sir 
Robert  Francis,  331— Masons'  Marks— Tickling  Trout- 
Date  of  the  Creation,  332  —  American  Place  -  names  — 
"February  fill  dyke  "—All  Fools'  Day— Anchorites'  Dens 
— House  of  Anjou,  333— 'The  Lass  of  Richmond  Hill' — 
The  Egyptian  Hall— 'My  Cousin's  Tale  of  a  Cock  and 
JBull  '—Portraits  which  led  to  Marriages— Weathercock— 
Saxton  Family,  334  — Ainsty  —  Warlow,  German  Place- 
name — Con-  Contraction — "  Kavison  " — Authors  of  Quo- 
tations Wanted— Sorrow's  '  Turkish  Jester  '— Verschoyle  : 
Tolden,  335— Cosas  de  Espafia— Cromer  Street— Names  of 
letters  —  Louis  XIV.'s  Heart  —  "Ledig":  "Leisure"  — 
Bigg,  the  Dinton  Hermit,  336— Curetou's  Mnltanis— Sir 
Harry  Bath  :  Shotover  —  Local  Government  Records  — 
Mrs.  Humby,  Actress— Shorter  :  Walpole— Bibliographical 
Notes  on  Dickens  and  Thackeray,  337 — Bridger's  Hill — 
Pillion  :  Flails,  338. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— '  Coryat's  Crudities'  —  Bleackley's 
'  Distinguished  Victims  of  the  Scaffold '— "  New  Universal 
Library  " — '  Worcestershire  Place-names '— '  Charities  of 
Braintree  '—Trench  on  Words. 


« PRIVATE   HISTORY   OF   THE   COURT   OF 

ENGLAND.' 
(See  5th  S.  ii.  208,  277,  318.) 

No  one  ever  has  responded  to  the  request 
of  a  reader  of  'N.  &  Q.'  who  more  than 
thirty  years  ago  (5th  S.  ii.  277)  desired  a  key 
to  the  two  little  volumes  by  Mrs.  S.  Green, 
published  by  B.  Crosby  &  Co.  in  1808  under 
the  above  title.  This  negligence  appears 
strange,  for  of  all  the  chroniques  scandaleuses 
belonging  to  the  dawn  of  the  nineteenth 
century  this  book  is  the  least  disreputable 
and  the  most  ingenious.  Ostensibly  a  de- 
scription of  "  the  private  life  of  Edward  IV. 
and  his  Court  before  the  death  of  Henry  VI.," 
it  gives,  in  cryptic  form,  a  bold  sketch  of  the 
times  in  which  it  was  written. 

Naturally,  the  Prince  of  Wales  (afterwards 
George  IV.)  appears  with  his  proper  title  of 
"  The  Heir  Apparent,"  and  the  authoress 
takes  little  trouble  to  conceal  his  identity 
under  the  guise  of  "Edward."  His  brother, 
the  "Duke  of  Gloucester,"  is  intended  un- 
mistakably for  the  Duke  of  York,  whom  the 
writer  describes  as  "warlike"  and  addicted 
to  the  "vice  of  drunkenness."  On  pp.  101-2 


of  vol.  i.  his  mistress  is  mentioned,  "a  pretty 
little  woman,"  whose  "scanty  suppers,  and 
empty  purse,  became  the  jest  of  those  youth- 
ful libertines  who  wished  to  pay  homage  to 
her  for  the  sake  of  military  preferment."  Of 
course,  the  reference  is  to  Mrs.  Mary  Anne 
Clark. 

In  chap.  ii.  of  the  same  volume  we  seem 
to  be  introduced  to  Perdita  (Mrs.  Piobinson) 
under  the  sobriquet  of  "  Maria  de  Rosen- 
vault."  The  prince,  we  are  told,  "  found  she 
was  married,"  and  "  her  husband  worthless," 
while  previously  she  had  been  persecuted  by 
the  attentions  of  "a  nobleman  of  most  licen- 
tious character  "  (vol.  i.  p.  25),  doubtless  "  the 
wicked  "  Lord  Lyttelton.  After  a  short  time 
the  prince  deserts  Maria  : — 

"Her  sufferings  became  keen  and  poignant ;  the 
sorrows  of  her  heart  were  of  the  most  corroding 
kind,  and  threatened  a  state  of  health,  naturally 
delicate,  and  which  was  hastening  rapidly  to  its 
decline." 

Before  her  death  she  was  "deprived  of  the 
use  of  her  sylph-like  limbs."  Her  connexion 
with  General  Tarleton  is  perhaps  suggested 
(vol.  i.  p.  167). 

The  picture  of  Mrs.  Fitzherbert,  who 
appears  in  chap,  vi.,  which  is  entitled  '  A 
Crafty  Widow,'  is  still  more  clear.  "Lady 
Elizabeth  Grey"  was  "some  years  older  than 
Edward  "  (i.e.,  George) : — 

"Her  embonpoint  added  lustre  to  the  most  deli- 
cate and  transparent  complexion she  was  a  firm 

adherent  of  the  Church  of  Rome nothing  indeed 

would  satisfy  her  but  a  marriage  [p.  70] and  a 

marriage  without  witnesses,  hurried  over  by  an 
itinerant  priest,  was,  however,  the  tie  that  bound 
this  lady,  who  was  then  in  her  wane,  to  a  young 

and    accomplished    prince who    built    her    a 

sumptuous  pavilion." 

A  "  Baron  de  Somerville  "  (i.e.,  Lord  Hugh 
Seymour),  who  "  died  of  a  malignant  fever 
but  a  few  months  before  his  wife,"  left  his 
only  daughter  (i.e.,  Horatia  Seymour)  to  the 
care  of  "  Lady  Elizabeth  Grey."  A  lawsuit 
followed  concerning  the  custody  of  the  child, 
which  makes  the  interpretation  obvious. 

Other  mistresses  of  "Edward"  (George!) 
are  mentioned  : — 

"  He  seemed  possessed  of  a  kind  of  mania  for  the 

charms  of  elderly  ladies he  formed  a  connection 

with  Lady  Conyers  [i.e.,  Frances  Twysden,  Lady 
Jersey],  who  expected  every  day  to  become  a  grand- 
mother  so  lost  were  the  Prince  and  his  venerable 

chert,  amie  to  every  sense  of  decency,  that  we  are 
credibly  assured  he  sent  this  lady  to  escort  the 
Princess  Bona  of  Savoy  [i.e.,  Princess  Caroline  of 
Brunswick]  to  England." 

Another  siren,  "  Mrs.  Anne  Muncaster,"  also 

"captivated  Edward a  lady  who  could 

take  a  stoop  of  wine  with  any  hard-drinking 
lord "  Other  scandalous  suggestions  seem 


322 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [io»  s.  HL  A™,  », 


to  identify  this  person  with  Mrs.  Crouch,  the 
actress. 

The  portrait  of  Fox,  under  the  title  of 
"  Lovelace,"  is  evident : — 

"A  swarthy  complexion,  black  bushy  beard,  cor- 
pulent, inclining  to  be  dropsical the  darling 

associate  of  the  prince a  man  of  noble  family, 

but  of  loosest  morals who  set  himself  in  oppo- 
sition to  the  virtuous  Cobham  [i.e.,  Pitt]." 

Moreover,  "Lovelace"  is  called  "the  Man 
of  the  People's  choice."  In  the  reference  to 

"his  female  friend,  not  his  lawful  wife , 

bad-complexioned,  marked    with    small-pox 

of  a  rotundity  equal  to  a  butt  of  strong 

English  beer,"  remembering  the  caricatures 
of  Gillray,  we  may  presume  a  picture  of 
Mrs.  Armistead.  It  is  clear  that  Pitt  is  "  the 
virtuous  Cobham,"  for  after  his  retirement 
from  office  a  peace  with  France  is  "  patched 
up  at  Amiens"  (vol.  i.  p.  131),  and  "Lord 
Scales  [i.e.,  Addington],  a  man  of  too  pacific 
a  nature,"  succeeds  him  as  chief  minister. 
"  The  virtuous  Cobham  "  is  soon  recalled  to 
office,  and  "  like  a  skilful  pilot  weathers  the 
storm,"  but  dies  shortly  afterwards  with  the 
words,  "Alas  !  my  country  ! "  on  his  lips. 

The  following  extract  (vol.  i.  pp.  104-5)  will 
give  an  idea  of  the  style  of  the  book  : — 

"The  learned  philosophic  baronet  [i.e.,  Sir  Wil- 
liam Hamilton],  whose  deep  researches  explored 
the  antiquities  of  Rome  and  Naples,  was  captivated 
by  the  Grecian  form  of  one  who  had,  from  a  menial 
servant,  become  a  lady  of  pleasure  ;  who,  in  an 
allegorical  pageant,  personated  the  goddess  Hygeia, 
and  at  length  became  the  idolized  goddess  of  this 
knight  of  antiquity,  who  gave  her  the  undisputed 
title  of  his  lady " 

Lady  Hamilton,  who  is  here  described, 
fascinated  "  the  gallant  Lord  Fauconberg  " 
(i.e.,  Nelson),  who  "  protected  the  channel 
against  our  Gallic  neighbours,"  and  who  was 
killed  in  the  moment  of  victory. 

Other  personages,  easy  to  identify,  may  be 
enumerated  briefly: — 

1.  The  Duchess  of  York,  mother  of  Prince 
Edward,  "far  from  handsome":  Queen  Char- 
lotte. 

2.  Princess  Bona  of  Savoy  :  Princess  Caro- 
line of  Brunswick. 

3.  Duke  of  Clarence  :   Duke  of  Clarence, 
William  IV. 

4.  Elinor     Danjour :     Mrs.    Jordan,     the 
Duke's  chere  amie,  an  actress,  "  with  whom 
he  established  a  kind  of  matrimonial  menage 
and  had  numerous  offspring." 

5.  Louis  XI. :  Napoleon. 

G.  Philip  de  Commines,  "his  minister": 
Talleyrand. 

7.  Col.  Jack  Cade  :  Robert  Emmet. 

8.  Countess  of    Devonshire  :    Duchess   of 
Devonshire. 


9.  Countess    of    Westmorland  :    Duchess 
of  Gordon,  "a  bonne  vivant  [sic] indefa- 
tigable    in     marrying     her    daughters     ^> 

advantage two    were  wedded    to  Dukes, 

one  to  a  Marquis,  and  the  fourth  to  a  wealthy 
baronet." 

10.  Lord  Fitzwalter :   the  twelfth  Earl  of 
Derby. 

11.  His  wife,  "a  public  performer":  Miss 
Farren. 

12.  Chap.  i.  vol.  ii.  contains  an  account  of 
the   "  Delicate  Investigation "  of  1806,  and 
the  characters  concerned  in  it. 

The  identity  of  one  of  "Edward's"  mis- 
tresses, who  is  called  "Jane  Shore,"  seems 
somewhat  obscure.  In  many  details  her 
career,  as  it  is  described,  resembles  that  of 
"Maria  de  Rosenvault "  so  closely  that  it 
appears  as  though  the  histories  of  Harriet 
Vernon  and  Mrs.  Robinson  have  been  con- 
fused. Yet,  as  this  mythical  "Jane  Shore"" 
is  said  to  have  been  a  friend  of  Mrs.  Fitz- 
herbert,  and  "likelier  a  Catholic,"  the  cha- 
racter ought  not  to  be  intended  for  "  Perdita." 

The  last  chapter  of  the  first  volume  of  this 
work,  headed  'A  Mystery,'  is  indeed  very 
mysterious.  It  concerns  a  beautiful  child 
named  "  Elfrida,"  a  princess  in  disguise. 
Were  the  late  Mr.  Thorns  with  us  still  he- 
would  exclaim,  "  It  is  the  Princess  Olive  !" 
Perhaps  it  is  !  Do  any  of  your  readers  know 
whether  Mrs.  Green  had  any  connexion  with- 
Olive  Serres,  who  may  perhaps  have  con- 
ceived her  wonderful  pretensions  so  early  as 
the  year  1808 1  HORACE  BLEACKLEY. 

[H.  S.  A.,  who  asked  for  the  key  to  the  characters 
in  the  '  Private  History,'  was  H.  S.  ASHBEE,  whose 
death  on  29  July,  1900,  was  recorded  by  MR.  RALPH 
THOMAS  at  9th  S.  vi.  121.  MB.  BLEACKXKY  may  be 
interested  in  learning  that  P.  H.,  the  original 
querist,  was  Mr.  Thorns  himself,  who  sometimes,  as 
in  this  instance,  formed  a  signature  from  the  initials- 
of  the  first  words  of  a  communication.] 


"ENGLAND,"    "ENGLISH":    THEIR 

PRONUNCIATION. 

THE  question  of  the  correct  pronunciation 
of  the  name  of  our  country  and  our  race  is 
raised  from  time  to  time  in  journals  which 
are  not  fitted  for  exact  discussion,  and  there- 
is,  I  think,  a  growing  tendency  to  pronounce 
the  words  as  they  are  spelt.  The  recent 
remarks  of  PROF.  SKEAT  on  the  etymology 
of  the  kindred  word  Anglesey  were  only 
remotely  connected  with  this  question ;  and 
though  so  keenly  observant  a  man  as  the 
late  Dr.  R.  G.  Latham  commented  upon  the 
pronunciation  which  was  current  fifty  years 
ago  (see  his  'The  English  Language,'  1855, 


10'- 8.  HI.  APRIL  29,  1905.]       NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


323: 


ii.  22),  and  regarded  it  as  correct,  he  gave  no 
reason  why  we  write  England  and  say 
Jngland.  I  have  always  regarded  what 
might  be  called  the  literal  pronunciation  as 
attributable  to  German  influences,  and  in  a 
daily  paper  some  months  ago  contemporary 
German  custom  was  invoked  to  prove  that 
the  sound  of  eng  in  "England"  should  be 
that  of  eng  in  the  words  length  and 
strength.  But  the  custom  of  saying  Inglish 
is  as  old  as  the  eleventh  century  at  least,  for 
the  dispossessed  English  who  entered  the 
service  of  the  Emperor  of  Constantinople 
were  known  as  Ingloi  (see  Cobbe's  '  Norman 
Kings  of  England,'  1869,  p.  31).  In  the 
fifteenth  century  Capgrave,  and  perhaps 
other  writers,  even  spelt  the  word  with  an  /, 
and  the  place-names  Englefield  and  Ingle- 
field  are  certainly  identical.  At  the  present 
day,  too,  the  Spaniards  and  the  Italians  call 
us  Ingles  and  Inglese,  respectively.  The 
ancient  and  widely-spread  recognition  of  the 

Eresence  of  the  short  i  in  our  national  name 
as  not  been  accounted  for,  I  believe  ;  and 
as  the  assertions  of  would-be  purists— who 
will  some  day  make  the  words  "  any "  and 
"  many  "  rhyme  with  "  zany,"  because  of  the 
spelling— have  not  yet  been  met,  I  should 
like  to  see  the  question  ventilated,  and  a 
true  reason  given  if  the  one  I  beg  leave  to 
advance  is  unsound. 

In  the  'Traveller's  Song,' which  was  written 
about  the  middle  of  the  fifth  century,  and 
which  has  come  down  to  us  in  the  '  Exeter 
Book,'  a  MS.  of  the  eleventh  century,  we 
read  of  an  Offa  who  ruled  over  a  country 
called  Ongl,  Ongel,  or  Ongle  (we  only  have 
the  dative  "  Ongle,"  1.  34),  and  who  won  a 
battle  against  the  Danes  "  bi  Fi-fel  dore." 
The  MS.  has  bijl  fel  dore,  which  probably 
stands  for  bi  Wilheles  ore.  This  victory 
established  the  boundaries  of  the  Engle  and 
Swsefe.  The  latter  people  were  ruled  over  at 
a  slightly  earlier  time  by  a  prince  who  is 
called  Witta  by  the  Traveller  (cf.  PROF 
SKEAT'S  remarks  about  Witham, 'N.  &  Q., 
10th  S.  ii.  538),  and  we  read  of  the  two 
peoples  again  a  little  further  on  in  the  same 
poem.  Now  this  close  connexion  of  Swabian" 
and  English  in  the  fifth  century  reflects  i 
condition  of  things  affecting  the  same  peoples 
in  the  second  century.  Ptolemy,  in  his  notic 
of  Germany  (II.  xi.  par.  15),  tells  us  that  the 
2ovij/?oi  'Ayyei'Acu  dwelt  to  the  east  of  th 
Longbards,  and  on  the  river  Albis.  Now  the 
Angeil-oi  can  be  no  other  than 


I  do  not  pretend  to  determine  what  Ok 
Teutonic  vowel  ci  represents,  but  I  assum 
that  it  was  one  capable  of  causing  i-umlaut 
and  that  it  was  not  the  vowel  u,  whicl 


appears  in  the  supposed  etymon  angul,  onguV, 
and  which  could  not  cause  that  infection. 

The  Greek    Angeil-,   then,   represents  the- 

early  form  of  the  words  Ongl-,  Engl-e,  ^Engl-e, 

and  the  two  latter  forms  must  be  cases  of 

lidden   umlaut.    Ongle,  if  the  tradition  of 

he  MS.  is  correct,  does  not  exhibit  umlaut,. 

ind  may  be  an  Old-Saxon  form.    Compare 

'Gdtum''  and  "Geatum,"  which  are  respec- 

,ively  Old-  and  Anglo-Saxon,  in  the  same 

)oera.    Angel-iheoiv,  the  name  of  the  son  off 

he  Offa  just  now  referred  to,  has  resisted  both 

i  infection  and  darkening  of  a  into  o  (see  the 

3arker  MS.  of  the   'Saxon   Chronicle,'  so*.- 

A..D.  892,  ed.  Plummer,  anual  755,  p.  50).     So, 

too,  has  the  Old  High  German  Angil-breht. 

The  recognition  of  the  presence  of  an  i  in- 
;he  second  syllable  explains  the  variation- 
Between  the  O.-S.  Ongle,  which  dialect  did' 
not  adopt  z-umlaut,  and  the  A.-S.  Engle,. 
in  which  dialect  it  was  prevalent ;  but  it  does 
not  explain  the  representation  of  a  by  both  e- 
and  ce.  The  former  is  the  proper  representa- 
tive of  i-infected  d,  ce  being  merely  the  A.-S- 
wavering  of  d  But  here  we  are  assuming 
bhat  a  was  short,  and  there  are  two  reasons 
For  believing  it  to  have  been  long  originally. 
The  first  is  the  fact  that  if  we  mark  it  long, 
we  get  a  consistent  explanation  of  all  the 
phenomena  ;  the  second  is  the  occurrence  in 
some  of  the  poems  of  Taliessin,  a  Welsh  bardi 
who  wrote  about  the  end  of  the  fifth  century 
and  the  beginning  of  the  sixth,  of  the  word 
Eingyl  to  denote  the  Angles  of  Bernicia. 
Now  ei  is  a  long  vowel  in  Welsh,  whether 
it  is  the  infection  of  d,  as  I  believe  it  to  be 
here,  or  whether  it  is  the  Cymric  repre- 
sentative of  an  O.-S.  d.  If,  then,  we  mark 
the  a  in  Angeil-oi  long,  we  are  able  to  solve- 
the  problem  as  follows. 

The  O.-S.  Ongle  had  6  for  d,  and  refused 
infection  before    the  vowel   of    the   second 
syllable  dropped  out.    The  A.-S.  ^Engle,  on 
the  other  hand,  was  infected  before  it  lost 
the  i  of  the  second  syllable     The  A.-S.   e* 
occurs  now  and  then  irregularly  for  <£,  which 
appears  as  umlaut  of  d  in  certain  verb  forms. 
The  sounds  of  e  and  ce  are  represented   in 
Middle  and  Modern  English  by  ee  and  ea; 
compare  fet,    "  feet " ;    d  eel,    "  deal  " ;    taelig, 
"  seely."    But  the  tendency  to  shorten  the 
vowel  ee  has  apparently  always  been  present, 
and  this  long  vowel  sometimes  becomes  like- 
i  in  sin,  instead  of  remaining  like  ee  in  seen. 
The  A.-S.   dejmn,   for  instance,   has  become- 
"dip";  scelig,  seely,  have  become  "silly";  and- 
the  tendency  is  still  operative,  for  we   say 
grin    for    green    in    Greenwich,  as    well    as 
britches  and  pritty. 
It  would  seem,  therefore,  that  an  original. 


324 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [io«-  s.  in.  APRIL  29, 1905. 


Suevic  -  English  word  Angil  -  isc  became 
"^Englisc,"  i.e.,  eenglish,  and  that  the  first 
vowel  of  that  word  suffered  correption  before 
the  Norman  Conquest,  and  the  word  became 
Inglish  in  pronunciation,  which,  consequently, 
is  correct.  A.  ANSCOMBE. 

4,  Temple  Road,  Hornsey,  N. 


PATRICK  GORDON,   THE  GEOGRAPHER: 

PETER  GORDON. 

(See  ante,  p.  283. ) 

GORDON'S  '  Geography '  seems  to  have  had 
a  great  influence.  For  instance,  Henderson 
in  his  'Life  of  Ferguson,'  the  astronomer 
(p.  20),  mentions  that  it  was  useful  to  that 
self-made  worthy.  Its  popularity  is  shown 
by  the  fact  that  in  1730  (nearly  forty  years 
after  its  publication)  "a  Lover  of  the  Mathe- 
maticks"  thought  it  worth  his  while  to  publish 
a  sort  of  commentary  on  it  in  the  shape  of  a 
'Mathematical  Miscellany  '  (Dublin),  the  first 
part  of  which  consisted  of  "  an  essay  towards 
the  probable  solution  of  the  forty-five  sur- 
prising paradoxes  in  Gordon's  '  Geography.' " 

One  of  the  most  interesting  features  in 
Gordon's  '  Geography '  was  his  missionary 
project.  The  British  Museum  copy  of  the 
work  is  annotated  in  an  old-fashioned  hand 
with  the  remark  : — 

"The  proposal  is  an  historic  Document  having 
preceded  the  promotion  of  the  Society  for  the 
Propagation  of  the  Gospel  in  foreign  parts.  Alas  ! 
for  the  slothf ulness.of  the  dignitaries  of  the  Church 
of  England." 

The  Proposal  is  as  follows  :— 

A  Proposal  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Blessed 

Gospel  in  all  Pagan  Countries. 
By  what  hath  been  briefly  said  in  the  Third  Part 
•of  this  Treatise  concerning  the  state  of  Religion  in 
.all  Countries  of  the  World,  it  may  sufficiently 
appear  in  general,  That  the  Christian  Religion  is 
of  a  very  small  extent,  if  exactly  compared  with 
those  many  and  vast  countries  which  are  wholly 
overspread  with  gross  Idolaters,  numerous  Maho- 
jnetans,  and  many  others,  who  either  know  not,  or 
'  (at  least)  own  not  the  Blessed  Messiah.  But  more 
particularly,  this  great  and  sad  Truth  doth  farther 
appear  by  the  following  calculation,  ingeniously 
made  by  some,  who  dividing  the  inhabited  World 
into  30  parts,  do  find  that 

19  of  them  Blind  and  Gross  Idolaters. 

6  of  them  Jews,  Turks  and  Saracens. 

2  of  them  Those  of  the  Greek  Church. 

i  n(  f  kor  Those  of  the  Church  of  Rome. 

Protestant  Communion. 

Thus  Christianity,  taken  in  its  largest  Latitude, 
bears  no  greater  proportion  to  the  other  grossly 
•-false  Religions  than  5  to  25.  This  melancholy  con- 
sideration doth  force  me  to  bewail  the  woful  neglect 
of  the  best  part  of  the  Christian  Church,  for  not 
being  so  diligent,  as  others  are,  in  endeavouring  to 
abolish  Heathenish  Idolatory,  and  that  most  lament- 
able Ignorance,  which  as  yet  overshadoweth  so 


great  a  part  of  the  inhabited  World.  I  am  not 
ignorant  of  that  commendable  Society,  of  late  estab- 
lished at  London  (under  the  name  of  the  Company 
for  the  Propagation  of  the  Blessed  Gospel),  and 
which  was  singularly  encouraged  by  the  famous 
Mr.  Boyl,  now  deceased :  I  also  know  that  their 
progress  in  such  a  noble  design  is  not  yet  so  con- 
siderable as  might  be  wisht,  and  that  chiefly  for  a 
reason  which  I'm  truly  ashamed  to  declare,  and  no 
true  Christian  can  read  without  blushing,  namely. 
Unchristian  nnconcernedness  of  many  term'd 
Christians,  and  the  less  (than  lukewarm)  Zeal  of 
the  generality  of  men  to  be  any  wayes  instrumental 
in  promoting  so  good  and  so  great  a  design.  It's 
undoubtedly  well  known,  that  the  effectual  per- 
formance of  such  a  work  as  this  would  require  a 
far  greater  Stock  of  Money  than  what  is  already 
contributed  by  the  aforesaid  Company  (it  being 
now  impracticable  to  make  solemn  Missions,  or 
qttalifie  men  for  them  without  considerable  Charges) 
and  yet  such  a  Fond  [stc]  of  Money  might  be  so 
easily  raised,  that  none  could  reasonably  complain 
of  the  burden  should  the  following  Proposal  be  so 
happily  made  as  to  meet  with  a  due  reception. 

Did  every  Freeholder  of  the  Three  Kingdoms 
advance  only  for  one  Year  the  Five  Hundredth 
part  of  his  Yearly  income  :  Did  those  Merchants  of 
this  great  City  (who  are  particularly  concern'd  in 
our  Foreign  Plantations,  and  dayly  imploy  great 
multitude  of  Pagan  Slaves  in  their  Service)  allow 
the  Two  Hundredth  part  of  one  year's  gain  :  And 
finally  did  the  Clergy  of  the  Three  Kingdoms  (whose 
Zeal  in  such  a  matter  would  probably  transcend 
others)  appropriate  to  this  pious  use  One  Hundredth 
part  of  their  Yearly  Revenues.  I  say,  did  Priest, 
and  People  thus  unanimously  Combine  together  in 
carrying  on  this  most  Christian  Design  ;  what  an 
easie  matter  were  it  in  a  short  time  to  raise  such  a 
Fond  of  Money,  that  the  Annual  Interest  thereof 
might  sufficiently  serve  to  send  Yearly  some  pious 
and  able  Divines  into  all  quarters  of  the  World. 
And  since  Rational  Methods  might  be  taken  to 
have  sufficient  Pagan  Tongues  taught  in  this  our 
own  Island  ;  a  considerable  part  of  the  aforesaid 
Money  might  be  like  wise  imployed  to  educate  a 
competent  number  of  young  Students  of  Theology 
in  these  Foreign  Languages,  which  number  being 
still  continued,  would  serve  (as  a  choice  Nursery) 
to  afford  a  constant  supply  of  able  men,  who  might 
yearly  go  abroad,  and  be  sufficiently  qualified  as  at 
their  first  arrival  to  undertake  that  great  work  for 
which  they  were  sent. 

Great  Sirs,  Pardon  this  Proposal  here  offer'd  to 
the  serious  consideration  of  those  whom  it  chiefly 
concerns  ;  and  give  me  leave  to  declare  unto  you, 
how  infinitely  it  would  tend  to  the  Glory  of  God, 
the  good  of  his  Church,  and  honour  of  our  Nation, 
did  we  sincerelv  endeavour  to  extend  the  limits  of 
our  Saviour's  Kingdom  with  those  of  our  new 
Dominions ;  and  to  spread  the  true  Reformed 
Religion  as  far  as  the  English  Sails  have  done  for 
Traffick.  With  what  anxiety  of  Mind,  and  fatigue 
of  Body,  do  we  pierce  into  the  remotest  Countries 
of  the  World?  And  all  to  heap  up  a  little  White 
and  Yellow  Earth,  or  to  purchase  some  things 
(call'd  Precious  by  Man)  which  (abstracting  Human 
Fancy)  do  differ  nothing  from  common  Pibble 
Stones  ;  and  yet  what  a  supine  neglect  doth  attend 
us  in  doing  that  which  would  bring  more  honour 
to  our  Holy  Religion,  and  prove  at  last  more  profit- 
able to  our  selves  than  the  actual  possession  of  all 
the  Treasures  in  the  Universe.  What  a  lamentable 


10*  8.  III.  APRIL  29, 1905.]       NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


325 


thing  is  it !  That  those  very  Indians  who  inhabit 
near  on  the  English  Pale  (not  to  mention  some 
thousands  of  Negroes  who  slave  in  our  Service) 
should  still  continue  in  most  wretched  Ignorance, 
and  instead  of  knowing  and  worshipping  the  true 
God,  should  as  yet  reverence  not  only  Stocks  and 
Stones,  but  also  adore  the  Devil  himself.  O 
Christians,  Shall  we  covet  and  thirst  after  their 
lalents  of  Gold  ?  and  yet  keep  hid  in  a  Napkin  that 
latent  entrusted  to  us.  Shall  we  greedily  bereave 
them  of  their  Precious  Pearls?  and  not  declare  unto 
them  the  knowledge  of  the  Pearl  of  Price.  No  ! 
No  !  Let  us  not  act  as  others  have  done  in  making 
Gold  our  God,  and  Gain  the  sole  design  of  our 
.trading ;  but  let  us  effectually  improve  those  choice 
opportunities  (now  in  our  hands)  for  the  singular 

CV0ryJ0£,our  great  God'  and  of  Jesus  Christ  our 
blessed  Redeemer.  And  let  our  Planters  duly  con- 
sider, that  to  extirpate  Natives,  is  rather  a  trans- 
planting than  planting  a  new  Colony  ;  and  that  it's 
far  more  honourable  to  overcome  Paganism  in  one, 
than  to  destroy  a  thousand  Pagans.  Each  Convert 
is  a  Conquest. 

Whether  Gordon's  scheme  was  actually  re- 
sponsible for  the  foundation  of  the  S.P.C.K. 
or  not,  he  unquestionably  took  an  interest 
in  its  progress.  Allen  and  McClure  in  their 
4  Bicentenary  History  of  the  Society  '  (1898), 
though  they  apparently  did  not  examine  for 
themselves  Gordon's  proposal  in  his  'Geo- 
graphy,' make  several  references  to  his  sub- 
sequent interest  in  the  Society's  work.  On 
15  July,  1701,  writing  from  H.M  S.  Swiftsure 
offSpithead,  he  speaks  of  the  S.P.C.K.'s  lite- 
rature for  the  crews.  In  September  he  refers 
to  his  forthcoming  voyage  to  America  in 
order  to  propagate  Christian  knowledge 
among  the  native  Indians.  In  other  com- 
munications he  speaks  of  his  desire  to  pros- 
per the  Society's  noble  designs,  and  he  thinks 
that  the  gift  of  a  little  tobacco  will  have 
wonderful  effects  on  the  Indians,  suggesting 
that  a  considerable  quantity  of  "  course 
tobacco"  should  be  disposed  of  by  each 
chaplain  of  a  ship. 

His  correspondence  with  Sloane  deals 
almost  exclusively  with  matters  of  scientific 
interest.  In  one  letter  he  describes  a  water- 
spout which  he  had  seen  in  the  Downs, 
and  he  says  that  he  had  seen  several  water- 
spouts in  the  Mediterranean  some  years 
before.  Writing  from  H.M.S.  Salisbury,  in  the 
Downs,  23  June,  1701  (Sloane  MSS.  2038, 
f.  178),  he  tells  Sloane  of  "our  ingenious 
friend  Capt.  Hallay  who  was  on  board  our 
shipp  and  I  of  his  last  Thursday.  We  wished 
prosperity  to  the  venerable  [Gresham] 
Society  in  a  glass  of  excellent  claret,  and 
drank  to  all  your  good  healths  in  cumulo." 

He  also  got  certain  commissions  from  Mr. 
Pettive  to  carry  out  in  the  Canary  Islands  ' 
(1701),  but  the  voyage  was  countermanded.  | 
The  last  letter  was  written  to  Sloane  from  ! 


Portsmouth  on  27  April,  1702,  and  runs  as 
follows  (Sloane  MSS.  2038,  f.  330)  :— 

Portsmouth,  April  27,  1702. 

Honoured  Sir, — I'm  sorry  I  was  so  hurry'd  with 
business  befor  I  left  London  that  I  could  not  attend 
the  meeting  of  the  Society  at  Gresham  and  receive 
the  proper  instructions  and  comands  for  the  pro- 
vince of  New  York  whither  I  'm  (God  willing)  to  take 
shipp  to-morrow  and  reside  there  for  some  years. 
If  you'd  please  to  put  your  letter  on  the  New  York 
bagg  at  the  Sun  Coffee  house  at  the  back  of  the 
Royal  Exchange  at  any  time  it  will  come  safe  to 
hand  by  the  first  outward  bound  merchantman. 
This  letter  will  be  delivered  to  you  by  a  brother  of 
mine  whom  I  daily  expect  from  Scotland.  It  being 
naturall  for  all  inquisitive  strangers  to  see  and 
know  the  learned  men  on  the  spot  I  need  make  no 
apology  for  introducing  him  by  this  letter  to  kiss 
your  hands.  Let  me  tender  my  humble  respects  to 
the  venerable  Society  at  Gresham,  particularly 
yourselfe.  I  am  in  haste 

Your  very  humble  servant,  P.  GORDOK. 

It  is  a  very  curious  coincidence  that  another 
geographer  with  the  missionary  spirit  strong 
upon  him  was  called  Peter  Gordon,  and  that 
as  little  is  known  about  him  as  of  the  Rev. 
Patrick.  He  wrote  : — 

Narrative  of  the  Imprisonment  and  Escape  of 
Peter  Gordon :  second  mate  in  the  barque  Joseph 
of  Limerick,  comprising  a  journal  of  the  author's 
flight  through  French  territory  from  Cambrai 
to  Rotterdam  and  thence  to  the  English  coast. 
London,  1816. 

Fragment  of  a  Journal  of  Tour  through  Persia  in 
1820  [from  Ochotsk  to  Astrachan].  London,  1833. 

Christian  Research  in  South  India,  1823-8.  Lon- 
don, 1834. 

Official  Correspondence  from  Peter  Gordon  to  the 
Government  of  Madras.  London,  1828. — The  letters 
resulted  in  Gordon's  arrest. 

He  also  wrote  a  chapter  of  Hugh  Murray's 
'  Historical  and  Descriptive  Account  of 
China,'  1836.  J.  M.  BULLOCH. 

MARY,  QUEEN  OF  SCOTS  :  LETTER  OF  1562. 
— This  exceptionally  fine  letter,  sold  at  Messrs. 
Sotheby's  on  30  March  for  9001.,  was  originally 
in  the  collection  of  Dawson  Turner.  The 
Daily  News  of  1  April  in  relating  this  fact 
gives  other  particulars  that  are  somewhat 
inaccurate.  I  quote  the  most  important 
paragraph  : — 

"  It  is  unknown  how  the  late  Mr.  Dawson  Turner 
became  possessed  of  it,  but  when  his  splendid 
library  came  under  the  hammer  at  Puttick  &  Simp- 
son's in  the  late  1850's,  the  letter  first  appeared  as 
part  of  a  lot  of  '  Scottish  Papers.'  In  that  form  it 
was  withdrawn,  and  re-offered  on  July  16th,  1859, 
it  then  going  to  Lilly  at  40/." 

This  library  was  sold  by  Sotheby  March, 
1853,  and  certainly  did  not  include  any  such 
lot,  or  any  letters  or  MSS.  A  letter  of  this 
great  collector,  already  quoted  in  these  pages 
(10th  S.  i.  21),  clearly  confirms  this.  On  6  June, 
1859,  and  four  following  days,  Messrs.  Puttick 


326 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [io«-  s.  111.  APRIL  29, 1905. 


•&  Simpson  sold  "  the  manuscript  library  and 
collection  of  autograph  letters  of  the  late 
Mr.  Dawson  Turner."  Lot  416,  consisting  of 
"a  Collection  of  original  Letters  of  Sove- 
reigns and  other  illustrious  personages,  illus- 
trative of  Scottish  History,  2  vols.,  russia 
extra,  gilt  edges,  1538-1704,"  went  to  Thorpe 
at  280£.  The  summary  of  the  contents  of 
these  volumes  occupies  two  pages  of  the 
catalogue  and  has  three  plates  of  reproduc- 
tions ;  but  the  most  interesting  item  is 
"Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  nine  letters,  one  of 
13  pages  being  holograph,  and  one  having  seal 
and  hanaper  perfect,  1547-85."  This,  I  think, 
identifies  the  letter  sold  on  30  March.  I  have 
been  informed  that  Thorpe  broke  up  these 
volumes  and  catalogued  the  letters  at  prices 
that  produced  a  very  handsome  profit.  It  is 
almost  impossible  to  ascertain  when  and  how 
Dawson  Turner  came  into  possession  of  this 
particular  letter ;  probably  it  was  obtained 
subsequent  to  1851,  when  he  published 
privately  his  '  Descriptive  Index  of  the  Con- 
tents of  Five  Manuscript  Volumes  illustrative 
of  the  History  of  Great  Britain,'  as  it  is  not 
mentioned  therein.  ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

[The  Athenceum  of  8  April,  p.  435,  gives  particu- 
lars concerning  Thorpe's  dealings  with  this  letter.] 

UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA:  THEIR  DATES. 
— There  are  six  different  dates  which  may  be 
given  for  the  beginnings  of  our  States  : — 

1.  The  date  of  discovery  of  any  part  of  the 
State. 

2.  The  first  ephemeral  settlement. 

3.  The  earliest  European  settlement  ivhich 
has  2?ersisted. 

4.  The  granting  of   a  Dutch  or  English 
charter. 

5.  The  landing  of    the    first   immigrants 
under  the  charter. 

6.  Admission  into  the  Federal  Union. 

In  cyclopaedias,  &c.,  these  dates  are  often 
confused,  as  when  the  'Grande  Encyclopedic' 
(article  '  £tats-Unis ')  gives  1609  as  the  date 
of  the  founding  of  New  York.  This  was 
merely  the  year  of  discovery  by  Hudson,  not 
of  any  actual  settlement.  Moreover,  there 
are  frequent  misprints.  In  the  following 
table  of  the  earliest  settlements  I  have  taken 
No.  3  of  the  above  six  dates,  and  have 
consulted  several  authorities,  so  as  to 
eliminate  misprints.  If  any  historian  can 
correct  any  of  these  dates  I  shall  be  grateful. 

1565.  Florida  (St.  Augustine). 

Circa  1598.  New  Mexico. 

1607.  Virginia. 

1614.  New  York  (Dutch  fort  near  Albany). 

1620.  Massachusetts. 

1622.  New  Hampshire. 

1623.  Maine. 


1623.  New  Jersey  (Dutch  fort  at  Glouces- 
ter). 

1633.  Connecticut. 

1634.  Maryland. 

1636.  Rhode  Island  (Providence). 

1638.  Delaware  (Dutch  and  Swedish  fort 
at  Wilmington). 

1653.  North  Carolina. 

1670.  South  Carolina. 

1682.  Pennsylvania  (New  Sweden  ante- 
dates this,  but  it  was  more  in  Delaware  than 
in  Pennsylvania).  ALBERT  J.  EDMUNDS. 

Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 

SURREY  MARRIAGE  LICENCES. — Many  genea- 
logists will  be  interested  to  know  that  a  col- 
lection of  1,367  original  Surrey  marriage 
licences,  circa  1760-1820,  has  lately  come 
into  my  possession.  These  records  are  often 
valuable,  because,  in  the  case  of  minors, 
parentage  is  frequently  given,  and  it  is  well 
known  that  before  civil  registration  came 
into  force  in  1837,  it  was  not  the  rule  for 
parentage  to  be  recorded  in  the  marriage 
register. 

It  is  curious  to  note  that  people  seem  to 
have  come  from  all  over  the  country — from 
Leeds,  in  Yorkshire,  to  Poole,  in  Dorset — to 
get  married  at  St.  Saviour's,  South  wark. 
The  various  parishes  in  London  and  on  the 
south  side  of  the  river  are  well  represented. 
GEORGE  F.  TUDOR  SHERAVOOD. 

50,  Beecroft  Road,  Brockley,  S.E. 

CHOLSEY,  BERKS. — It  may  be  worth  while 
to  record  the  names  of  the  following  clergy 
of  this  parish,  which  occur  in  the  MS.  church- 
wardens' account-book  : — 

1681.  William  Wotton,  vicar. 

1689-90.  Ed.  Hind,  vicar. 

1706-10.  Will.  Williams,  curate. 

1709.  William  Sawle,  vicar. 

1728.  Eich.  Knight,  vicar. 

W.  C.  B. 

THOMAS  AMORY,  AUTHOR  OF  'JOHN  BUNCLE.' 
— So  little  is  recorded  of  this  writer  that  it  is 
not  amiss  to  exhume  from  The  Gentleman's 
Magazine  for  1811,  pt.  i.  p.  496,  the  statement 
that  his  relict  died  on  13  April,  1811,  at 
Wakefield,  at  an  advanced  age. 

W.  P.  COURTNEY. 

ENGLISH  LITERATURE  IN  THE  FAR  EAST.— 
The  visitors  at  the  Hotel  Prinz  Heinrich, 
Tsingtau  (Kiautschou),  might  have  seen  in 
the  entrance-hall  the  following  English 
works  for  sale  :  '  The  Hunchback  '  and  '  The 
Love  Chase'  (Sheridan  Knowles),  'Wander- 
ings in  South  Africa'  (Charles  Warburton), 
'Voyages  in  search  of  the  North -West 
Passage'  (Hakluyt),  'The  Temple'  (George 


10*8.  III.  APRIL  29,  1905.]       NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


327 


Herbert),  'The  Complete  Angler'  (Walton), 
'Grace  abounding  to  the  Chief  of  Sinners' 
(Bunyan),  and  'The  Man  of  Feeling' 
(Mackenzie).  An  interesting  list,  and  most 
likely  intended  for  German  purchasers. 
There  is  only  one  resident  Englishman  in 
the  town,  and  he  bears  a  foreign  name.  An 
Englishman  would  probably  have  bought 
*  Armande,'  by  E.  and  J.  de  Goncourt,  or 
some  German  classic  from  the  same  show- 
case. DUH  AH  Coo. 
Hongkew. 

"  THOUGH  LOST  TO  SIGHT,  TO  MEMORY  DEAR.' 
— I  respectfully  ask  permission  to  except  to 
the  statement  in  '  Notices  to  Correspondents,' 
ante,  p.  180.  The  words  "  Tho'  lost  to  sight, 
to  mem'ry  dear,"  form  the  first  line  of  a  song 
by  George  Linley,  composed  for  and  sung  by 
Augustus  Braham  about  1830.  The  song  is 
given  entire  in  Bartlett's  'Familiar  Quota- 
tions' (ninth  ed.,  Boston,  1891,  p.  587),  be- 
cause, as  there  stated  in  a  foot-note,  "  so 
much  inquiry  has  been  made  for  the  source 
of  'Though  lost  to  sight,  to  memory  dear'"; 
and  it  is  added  : — 

"  Another  song  entitled  '  Though  lost  to  sight,  to 
memory  dear,'  was  published  in  London  in  1880, 

Surjjprting  to  have  been  written  by  Ruthven 
enkins  in  1703.  It  is  said  to  have  been  published 
in  the  Magazine  for  Marines.  No  such  magazine, 
however,  ever  existed,  and  the  composer  of  the 
music  acknowledged  in  a  private  letter  to  have 
copied  the  song  from  an  American  newspaper.  There 
is  no  other  authority  for  the  origin  of  the  song,  and 
the  reputed  author  Ruthven  Jenkins  was  living 
under  the  name  of  C in  California  in  188*2." 

In  May,  1870,  I  had  a  correspondence  with 
Mr.  Bartlett  on  this  subject,  and  in  his  letter 
to  me  he  says  : — 

"  The  canard  first  appeared  in  the  Greenwich 
Magazine  for  Mariners  in  1701  or  1702,  and  its 
author  Ruthven  Jenkins.  In  San  Francisco  the 
song  acquired  a  local  habitation.  The  California 
wag  has  made  a  public  confession  of  his  part  in  the 
fraud." 

This  quotation  has  been  the  subject  of 
comment  in  !"•  S.  iv.  405  ;  3rd  S.  vi.  129  ;  viii. 
290 ;  4th  S.  i.  77,  161  ;  vii.  56,  173,  244,  332  ; 
xii.  156,  217;  5th  S.  x.  106,  134;  10th  S.  ii. 
260,  345  ;  iii.  180.  JOHN  TOAVNSHEND. 

New  York. 

[Linley's  song  is  given  in  full  at  5th  S.  x.  417, 
where  a  letter  is  printed  in  which  Mr.  Bartlett 
states  that  the  song  "  was  set  to  music  and  pub- 
lished by  Cramer,  Beale  &  Co.,  London,  about  1848." 
But  unless  Linley  wrote  his  song  before  1827  he  is 
not  entitled  to  the  credit  of  the  authorship  of  the 
lin«,  as  at  6th  S.  xii.  344  the  late  MR.  V.  S.  LEAN 
printed  a  long  extract  from  The  Monthly  Magazine 
for  January,  1827  (new  series,  vol.  iii.),  in  which  the 
exact  words  are  introduced  in  a  manner  showing 
that  they  were  then  familiar:  "Now  every  lady 
has  a  selection  of  axioms  (in  flour  and  water)  always 
by  her,  suited  to  different  occasions.  As—'  Though 


lost  to  sight,  to  memory  dear  ! '  when  she  writes  to 
a  friend  who  has  lately  had  his  eye  poked  out."] 

"  HUGUENOT."  (See  9th  S.  viii.  165,  308.)— 
For  the  benefit  of  the  '  Supplement '  to  the 
'N.E.D.'  it  may  be  worth  noting  that  the 
word  occurs  in  an  English  letter  of  Thomas 
Randolph  to  Cecil,  written  23  October,  1562 
(Jos.  Bain,  'Calendar  of  the  State  Papers 
relating  to  Scotland  and  Mary,  Queen  of 
Scots  [1547-1603],'  i.  [1898]  660).  Eight  days 
earlier  Elizabeth  wrote  to  Mary  (in  French) 
that  she  "has  now  for  the  first  time  heard 
this  name"  (ibid.  659).  Q.  V. 


•rails* 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  sent  to  them 
direct. 

KING  EDWARD  VII.— Will  any  one  of  your 
readers  inform  me  where  I  can  get  a  photo- 
graph of  His  Majesty  the  King  attired  in 
plain  frock  dress,  with  only  the  ribbon,  star, 
and  garter  of  the  Order  of  the  Garter  ? 

ENAR  ALMQVIST. 

10B,  Karlavagen,  Stockholm. 

FANSHAWE  FAMILY. — It  is  purposed  very 
shortly  to  issue  a  new  edition  of  Lady  Fan- 
shawe's  memoirs  from  her  original  MS.  in 
my  possession.  I  should  much  value  infor- 
mation from  any  havicg  portraits,  prints, 
letters,  or  any  other  things  of  the  Fanshawe 
family.  E.  FANSHAWE. 

132,  Ebury  Street,  S.W. 

MARCHESA  SPINOLA. — I  am  anxious  to 
know  the  dates  of  the  birth,  marriage,  and 
death  of  Giovanna  Basadonna  (or  Bacchia- 
donna),  wife  of  the  famous  Ambrogio, 
Marchese  Spinola  (1569-1630).  I  have  con- 
sulted, without  results,  Deza,  '  Istoria  della 
Famiglia  Spinola' ;  Kiihnholtz, '  Des  Spinola 
de  Genes ' ;  Siret,  and  Boccardo.  The  family 
of  Spinola  is  not  treated  by  Litta. 

W.  EGBERTS. 

47,  Lansdowne  Gardens,  Clapham,  S.W. 

WILLIAM  HUTCHINSON.— Could  any  of  your 
readers  give  me  information  respecting  the 
descendants  of  William  Hutchinson,  the 
historian  of  Durham  ?  F.  R.  N.  HASWELL. 

Monkseaton,  Northumberland. 

W.     V.     RICHARDSON      AND     THE     RUSSIAN 

CHURCH. — In  an  old  ecclesiastical  journal 
published  in  St.  Petersburg,  I  find  a  notice  of 
the  reception  into  the  Orthodox  Church  of  Wil- 
liam Voss  Richardson,  on  8  September,  1861. 


328 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.   [io»  s.  in.  APRIL  29, 1005. 


He  is  called  "a  pastor  of  the  Anglican 
Church."  Some  particulars  of  this  somewhat 
unusual  "  perversion  "  would  be  welcome. 

FRED.  G.  ACKERLEY. 
Libau,  Russia. 

APOTHECARIES'  ACT  OP  1815.— I  am  desirous 
of  consulting  the  lists  of  surgeons  and  apothe- 
caries who  were  registered  under  the  above 
Act  soon  after  it  came  into  operation. 

Would  any  reader  kindly  inform  me  where 
I  might  find  any  early  registers  applying  to 
country  districts  throughout  England,  apart 
from  those  of  London  ?  I  have  searched  in 
the  British  Museum,  and  written  to  the 
Registrar  of  the  General  Medical  Council, 
without  result.  CHARLES  E.  HEWITT. 

20,  Cyril  Mansions,  Battersea  Park. 

JOHN  CROWE. — Information  is  desired  as  to 
the  ancestors  and  birthplace  of  John  Crowe 
(probably  of  Wales),  who  settled  in  Charles- 
town,  Mass.,  in  1635,  removing  to  Yarmouth, 
Mass.,  in  1638.  GEORGE  G.  HARRAP. 

15,  York  Street,  Covent  Garden. 

SCOTTISH  PROCLAMATION.— In  Dickson  and 
Edmond's  'Annals  of  Scottish  Printing,' 
p.  233,  a  proclamation  by  the  Privy  Council 
against  Both  well,  dated  26  June,  1567,  is  said 
to  be  in  the  Library  of  the  Faculty  of  Advo- 
cates, Edinburgh.  As  it  is  not  in  the  cata- 
logue, it  is  probable  a  mistake  has  been  made, 
and  the  copy  exists  in  some  other  library. 
Can  any  reader  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  say  where  a  copy 
is  to  be  seen  ?  ROBERT  STEELE. 

Savage  Club,  W.C. 

"HE  SAT  BESIDE  THE  LOAVLY  DOOR." — Could 

any  of  your  readers  tell  me  where  to  find  the 
poem  of  which  I  know  only  these  two  stanzas 
— I  believe  by  Aubrey  de  Vere? — 
He  sat  beside  the  lowly  door, 

His  homeward  eyes  appeared  to  trace 
In  evening  skies  remembered  law, 

And  shadows  of  His  Father's  face. 
One  only  knew  Him — she  alone 

Who  nightly  to  His  cradle  crept, 
And  lying,  like  the  moonbeam,  prone, 
Worshipped  her  Maker  as  He  slept. 

G.  L.  A.  WAY. 

"  THE  HEART  HAS  MANY  A  DWELLING-PLACE." 

— Who  wrote  the  lines — 

The  heart  has  many  a  dwelling-place, 
But  only  once  a  home  ? 

A.  G.  T. 

ADDITION  TO  CHRISTIAN  NAME.— In  the 
event  of  a  person  wishing  to  add  another 
name  to  the  one  he  already  has  had  in 
baptism  (as  a  forename  only,  not  a  surname) 
is  any  legal  procedure  necessary?  If  so, 


what  is  this  procedure  1  and  what  would  be 
the  cost1?  Are  any  methods  open,  other  than 
legal,  which  a  person  may  adopt  himself? 
and,  if  so,  what  are  they  ?  JUDGE. 

IRISH  SOIL  EXPORTED. — In  a  '  Discourse  on 
the  Kealm  of  Ireland,'  written  in  the  last 
quarter  of  the  sixteenth  century,  I  find  the 
statement  (MS.  Sloane  2180,  If.  52  b)  :— 

"  There  is  born  there  no  sort  of  serpents  or 
venomous  animals,  save  perhaps  a  frog ;  so  that 
earth  is  carried  thence  into  England  and  Scotland 
for  remedy  against  serpents." 

Where  can  I  find  information  as  to  the 
methods,  the  extent,  and  the  results  of  this 
commerce?  Q.  V. 

GOETHE  AND  BOOK-KEEPING. — Where  does 
Goethe  commend  the  study  of  book-keeping 
as  a  valuable  intellectual  training  ? 

P.  F.  H. 

NICHOLAS,  BISHOP  OF  COVENTRY  AND  LICH- 
FIELD.— A  few  months  since  the  Trustees  of 
the  British  Museum  acquired  a  copy  of 
Edmond  Willis's  '  Abreuiation  of  Writing  by 
Character,'  1618.  In  the  Stationers'  Register 
it  is  entered  on  28  June,  1618.  This  beautiful 
specimen  of  early  printing  and  engraving  is 
being  exhibited  on  the  north  side  of  Show- 
Case  xix.  I  believe  the  only  other  known 
copy  of  the  book  is  in  the  Bodleian  Library. 
It  is  dedicated  to  "Nicholas,  under  Divine 
Providence  Lord  Bishop  of  Coventry  and 
Lichfield,"  from  whose  mouth,  "  by  the  space 
of  many  yeeres,"  Willis  had  practised  taking 
many  sermons.  Rev.  Thos.  Harwood's  '  His- 
tory and  Antiquities  of  Lichfield '  and  other 
authorities  divide  1618  between  John  Overall, 
who  was  bishop  for  four  years,  and  his  suc- 
cessor Thomas  Morton.  Who  was  Nicholas  ? 
Rev.  Philip  Gibbs,  in  his  '  Historical  Account 
of  Compendious  and  Swift  Writing,'  1736, 
writing  with  a  copy  of  Edmond  Willis's  book 
before  him,  from  which  he  freely  quotes,  says 
at  p.  41  that  it  is  dedicated  to  the  Bishop  of 
Bristol.  A.  T.  WRIGHT. 

22,  Chancery  Lane. 

MILLER  OF  HIDE  HALL.— I  find  in  Clutter- 
buck's  'Hertfordshire,'  under  the  pedigree 
of  Miller  of  Hide  Hall  (an  estate  originally 
belonging  to  the  Franklyn  family),  that  the 
last  male  representative  of  this  branch,  who 
acquired  it  by  marriage,  died  unmarried  in 
1747.  His  sister  is  stated  to  have  married 
Edward  Mundy  of  the  Mundys  of  Derby- 
shire, but  on  the  monument  to  Hester  Mundy 
in  the  church  of  Heanor,  co.  Derby,  she  is 
called  the  daughter  of  Lieut.-Cpl.  Nicholas 
Miller,  of  the  Guards,  and  niece  of  Sir 
Humphrey  Miller,  Bart,  (another  branch  of 


io«"  s.  in.  APRIL  29, 1905.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


329 


the  family  seated  at  Wrotham,  in  Kent).  A: 
she  died  in  1767,  aged  fifty-three,  Hestei 
Mundy  is  not  likely  to  be  the  daughter  oi 
Nicholas  Miller,  of  Hide  Hall,  whose  only  son 
(see  Clutterbuck)  was  born  the  year  of  his 
supposed  sister's  marriage,  viz.,  1729.  Can 
any  readers  explain  this  apparent  error  ?  and 
to  whom  did  the  manor  of  Hide  descend  ? 

P.  M. 

THEATRE  IN  RAWSTORNE  STREET,  CLERKEN- 
WELL.—At  p.  40  of  John  Coleman's  '  Memoirs 
of  Samuel  Phelps,'  reference  is  made  to  a 
theatre  in  "Rawston"  Street  (should  be 
"  Rawstorne "),  where  the  great  actor  ap- 
peared as  a  youthful  amateur,  when  he  took 
the  part  of  Earl  Osmond  in  'The  Castle 
Spectre.'  There  is  no  mention  of  this  theatre 
in  Pinks's  'History  of  Clerkenwell,'  and  Mr. 
James  Duff  Brown,  who  for  many  years 
filled  the  post  of  Clerkenwell  Librarian, 
informs  me  that  he  knows  nothing  of  the 
theatre  above  named.  Can  any  reader  help 
to  identify  the  place]  R.  B.  P. 

NAVY  OFFICE  SEAL.— I  have  an  old  silver 
seal  with  a  large  anchor  between  two  smaller 
ones.  Would  this  be  an  official  seal  of  the 
old  Navy  Office  or  Navy  Pay  Office  ? 

G.  R.  BRIGSTOCKE. 

Ryde,  I.W. 

ANCIENT  LONDON  HOUSES.— Lord  Macaulay, 
in  his  'Life  and  Letters,'  by  his  nephew 
G.  O.  Trevelyan,  M.P.,  1877,  vol.  i.  p.  165, 
is  recorded  as  saying  : — 

"  In  London,  what  with  the  fire  of  1666,  and  what 
with  the  natural  progress  of  demolition  and  re- 
building, I  doubt  whether  there  are  fifty  houses  that 
date  from  the  Reformation." 

This  was  in  1830-2.  Are  the  very  few  that 
must  remain  to-day  noted  1  and  which  are 
they]  J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

JAMES  II.  MEDAL.— I  recently  held  in  my 
hand  an  interesting  medal  issued  by  James  II. 
after  the  defeat  of  Argyll  and  of  Monmouth. 
The  dissevered  heads  of  these  rebels  and 
their  headless  bodies  were  very  plainly  de- 

Sicted  upon  it.     The  medal  bore  the  initials 
.   A.,  and   I  write  to   ask  if  any  of  your 
readers  can  tell  me  who  this  was.    I  judge 
him    to    have    been    a    foreigner   from    his 
spelling  Monmouth  "Monmout." 

J.  WILLCOCK. 
Lerwick. 

SIR  THOMAS  CROMPTON,  KNT.— He  was 
Judge  of  the  Admiralty  Court  1589-1608. 
His  will,  dated  27  January,  1607/8,  is  proved 
1  March,  1608/9,  by  Dame  Barbara,  his  relict. 
He  was  seated  at  Creswell,  co.  Stafford. 


What  was  his  parentage1?  He  had  at  least 
two  sons,  Thomas  and  John,  the  former  of 
whom  was  probably  the  Thomas  Crompton, 
M.P.  for  Staffordshire  in  1647. 

W.  D.  PINK. 

KENMURE  PEERAGE.  —  When  did  John 
Gordon,  schoolmaster,  Kirkcudbright,  put  in 
a  claim  for  the  Kenmure  peerage  ?  He  seems 
to  be  the  grandson  of  James  Gordon,  the 
sapper  and  miner,  who  put  in  a  claim  in 
1848.  I  foolishly  omitted  to  date  my  news- 
paper cutting  about  the  schoolmaster's  claim. 
Who  is  he  1  J.  M.  BULLOCH. 

118,  Pall  Mall. 

MAIDEN  LANE,  MALDEN.  —  Out  of  about 
a  hundred  instances  of  the  place-name 
"  Maiden,"  including  sixteen  Maiden  Lanes,  I 
have  particulars  of  all  except  the  one  men- 
tioned above.  I  was  told  of  its  existence  by 
a  lady,  but  did  not  like  to  inquire  how  long 
ago.  I  have  examined  the  25-inch  Ordnance 
map  of  Coombe,  Maiden,  Merton,  and  Ewell, 
but  cannot  find  it.  Can  any  reader  of 
'  N.  &  Q.'  give  any  information  ?  AYEAHR. 

SOUTHWOLD  CHURCH:  FIGURES  AND  EM- 
BLEMS.—On  two  of  the  painted  panels  of  the 
screen  to  the  Chapel  of  the  Holy  Trinity, 
St.  Edmund's  Church,  Southwold,  are  figures 
of  angels  wearing  crossed  stoles.  One  bears 
a  shield  charged  with  an  emblem  of  the 
Trinity ;  the  other,  supposed  to  represent 
Raphael,  holds  an  apron  or  sheet  in  both 
hands,  in  which  are  small  figures.  On  an 
octagonal  font  in  Westhall  Church,  Suffolk, 
the  seven  sacraments  are  carved  and  painted 
on  seven  of  the  panels,  and  on  one  of  them 
(I  think  that  representing  marriage)  is  the 
figure  of  a  priest  wearing  a  crossed  stole. 

Can  any  reader  inform  me  if  the  crossed 
stole  has  any  symbolical  significance  other 
than  that  of  a  sacrificial  priest,  and  whether 
the  stole  is  still  worn  in  this  manner  in  any 
part  of  the  ceremonial  of  the  Anglican  or 
Roman  Church  ? 

On  the  panels  of  the  chancel  screen  (South- 
wold)  are  figures  of  the  Apostles,  and,  accord- 
ng  to  the  late  Mr.  E.  L.  Blackburne,  F.S.A., 
n  an  account  of  the  screen  written  in  1860, 
jhe  Evangelists  had,  in  addition  to  their  dis- 
tinguishing emblems,  the  Evangelistic  symbol 
attached  as  part  of  the  ornamentation  of  the 
buttress  faces  which  adjoin  upon  their  figures. 
There  are  but  two  of  the  Evangelists  on  this 
screen— viz.,  St.  Matthew  and  St.  John— and 
the  only  remaining  symbol  on  a  buttress  face 
is  on  that  between  the  figures  of  St.  Jude  and 
St.  Simon.  It  is  undoubtedly  a  bird,  bub 
whether  an  eagle  is  questionable.  It  bears 
quite  as  much  resemblance  to  a  cock.  As  it  is 


330 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [io*  s.  in.  APRIL  29, 1905. 


not  near  the  figures  of  the  two  Evangelists, 
may  it  not  be  probable  that  it  was  intended 
to  represent  that  bird,  which  is  an  emblem  of 
St. Edmund,  to  whom  the  church  is  dedicated? 
I  shall  be  grateful  if  any  reader  can  inform 
me  if  an  instance  is  known  where  an  emblem 
of  a  saint  in  whose  honour  a  church  is  dedi- 
cated is  attached  to  a  screen. 

DONALD  R.  GOODING. 
Southwold. 

REV.  EDW.  WM  GRINFIELD.— During  what 
year  did  he  hold  Laura  Chapel,  Bath  ?  When 
did  he  reside  in  London?  Did  he  reside 
permanently  at  Brighton?  and,  if  so,  when? 
His  best -known  work  'G.  Test.  Ed.  Helle- 
nistica'  (1843),  and  its  'Scholia'  (1848),  are 
dated  from  Brighton.  'D.N.B.'  merely  says 
he  died  and  was  buried  at  Brighton  (Hove). 

C.  S.  WARD. 


THE  PAWNBROKER'S  SIGN  AND  THE 

MEDICI  ARMS. 
(10th   S.   Hi.   207.) 

IT  must  have  been  that  the  wish  was  father 
to  the  thought  when  the  "  three  balls  "  of  the 
pawnbroker  were  first  assigned  an  origin 
associated  with  St.  Nicholas.  It  is  true  that 
the  good  St.  Nicholas  is  identified  pre- 
eminently with  the  relief  of  distress  ;  but 
one  has  never  heard  that  his  emblem,  whether 
represented  in  ancient  art  as  three  balls  or 
as  three  purses,  was  of  the  cerulean  colour; 
and  then  we  should  have  a  right  to  expect 
that  the  sign  was  sometimes  represented  by 
the  three  purses  of  which  his  emblem  of  the 
three  balls  was  merely  a  conventionalized 
form.  But  this  is  not  the  case.  St.  Nicholas's 
emblem,  in  allusion  to  the  three  bags  of  gold 
which  he  threw  in  at  the  window  of  a  starv- 
ing nobleman,  who  was  about  to  sacrifice  his 
three  daughters  to  a  life  of  infamy,  is  un- 
doubtedly three  golden  balls  ;  whereas  there 
is  preponderating  evidence  that  the  pawn- 
broker's sign  was  originally  the  three  blue 
balls  or  bowls,  and  that  the  tincture  d'or  was 
afterwards  given  them  by  way  of  rendering 
them  more  easily  distinguishable,  as  in  the 
case  of  "  The  Golden  Sugar-Loaf  "  and  many 
other  trade  signs. 

The  lending  of  money  on  chattel  securities 
first  became  a  separate  trade  about  the  end 
of  the  seventeenth  century;  but  a  study  of 
the  eighteenth-century  newspapers  will  show 
as  Mr.  F.  G.  Hilton  Price  has  pointed  out, 
that  it  was  only  towards  the  middle  of  that 
century  that  the  pawnbrokers  began  to 
advertise  their  trade  in  the  newspapers 


Then  the  sign  (and  this  is  very  noteworthy) 
was  almost  invariably  "The  Three  Bowls," 
"  The  Three  Blue  Bowls,"  "  The  Three  Balls," 
or  the  "  Three  Blue  Balls."  Among  all  the 
instances  of  which  I  have  notes  as  occurring 
at  this  time,  not  one  is  represented  as  "The 
Three  Golden  Balls"*— i.e.,  among  no  fewer 
than  sixteen  distinct  pawnbrokers'  adver- 
tisements. There  was  a  "Two  Golden  Balls," 
the  sign  of  a  pawnbroker's,  "  near  Aldgate 
Church-Yard  Wall,"  in  1742  (Daily  Advert., 
27  Mar.),  and  another  "  Two  Golden  Balls" 
in  Great  Hart  Street,  Covent  Garden,  in 
1733  (C'ra/y.swaw,8Sept.))but  there  is  nothing 
to  show  that  this  latter  was  the  sign  of  a 
pawnbroker  at  all.  The  balls  were  "blue" 
so  late  even  as  1818,  as  we  learn  by  their 
being  so  described  in  Joseph  Taylor's  '  Anti- 
quitates  Curiosse,'  published  in  that  year. 

Now,  having  with  a  fair  show  of  certainty 
established  the  cerulean  character  of  the 
sign  originally,  I  shall  naturally  be  asked 
how  it  is,  assuming  the  sign  to  be  traceable 
to  the  cartouche  of  the  Medici  family,  which 
was  charged  with  six  roundels  azure,  that 
but  three  occur  on  the  sign.  The  only 
possible  answer  to  this  is  that  it  was  the 
lower  part  of  the  arms  that  were  adopted, 
three  being  generally  the  popular  limit  of 
signboard  objects.  The  arms  of  the  Medici 
family  have  a  curious  and  remote  origin,  that 
I  do  not  think  has  ever  been  particularly 
noted ;  and  it  will  be  observed  that  the 
roundels  constituting  these  arms  were  not 
pills,  either  blue  or  golden,  but  "  balles  "  or 
"bowles,"  appertaining  to  the  giant's  iron 
club  —  probably  a  kind  of  "  holy  -  water 
sprinkler,"  as  such  a  weapon  was  facetiously 
styled.  It  will  also  be  borne  in  mind  that 
the  founder  of  the  family  was  not  an  Italian, 
but  a  Frenchman ;  neither  does  there  seem 
to  be  any  evidence  connecting  them  with  the 
medical  profession,  as  their  name  would 
imply,  though  this  may  well  have  been  the 
source  from  which  the  name  sprang.  In  the 
words,  then,  of  Favyn,  in  his  '  Theater  of 
Honour  and  Knighthood,' 

"  Eurardo  [?  Everardp]  de  Medicis  was  a  French 
Knight  and  ordenarie  Chamberlaine  to  our 
Emperour  Charlemagne,  whom  he  followed  into 
Italic  to  un-nest  the  Lombardes  and  other  Strangers 
that  overmuch  commanded  at  Baguetta.  This 
French  Knight  was  entreated  by  the  Citizens  of 
Florence  to  deliver  them  from  the  tyranny  of  a 
fierce  and  proud  Giant  named  Mugellus,  whose 

*  One  instance  is  given  by  Mr.  Price.  In  1765, 
he  says,  as  will  be  seen  by  a  reference  to  '  The 
Royal  Annual  Kalendar '  of  that  year,  Sir  Joseph 
and  Sir  Thomas  Hankey  were  at  the  sign  of  "  The 
Three  Golden  Balls"  in  Fenchurch  Street  ('London 
Bankers,'  p.  78). 


10*8.  HI.  APRIL  29,  1905.]       NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


331 


bloody  and  cruell  neighbourhood  made  waste  and 
deserte  all  the  Countrey.  The  memorie  of  this 
Giant  remaineth  yet  to  this  present,  in  a  small 
Territorie,  seated  near  to  Florence ;  where  the 
Great  Dukes  have  a  goodly  place  of  pleasure,  called 
Mugello.  This  Giant  carried  usually  a  great  heavie 
Club  of  yron,  whereat  hung  Jive  or  six  huge  Balles 
of  the  same  metal,  wherewith  he  smote  downe  all 
passengers,  without  extending  any  pitty :  untill  he 
was  manfully  defied,  and  slaine  in  a  single  Com  bate, 
by  Eurard  the  French  Knight,  who  to  conserve  the 
remembrance  of  his  good  successe,  obtained  of  the 
Emperour  Charlemagne  (by  an  especial  priviledge) 
L'Escu  d'Or  a  Cinq  Tourteaux  de  Gueules,  2,  2,  1— 
to  signalize  the  Balles  or  Bowles  of  the  Giant's 
yron  Club,  all  freshly  tincturde  with  his  Blood : 
And  from  thence  it  is,  that  they  are  still  conserved 
for  Armes  to  the  Illustrious  House  of  Medicis." 

From  "gules"  the  transition  to  azure  in 
the  tincture  of  the  "  balls  "  probably  occurred 
with  Pedro  (second  of  the  name).  Pedro,  after 
the  death  of  King  Charles  VIII.,  whom  he 
had  followed  in  the  conquest  of  Naples,  took 
part  with  Louis  XII.,  who, 
"in  acknowledgement  of  the  Lore  which  he  bare 
to  the  said  Pedro,  would  needes  have  him  to  beare 
in  the  Chiefe  of  his  Shield  of  Armes,  Un  Tourteau 
(TAzur,  &  Trois  Flews  dt  Lys  d'Or,  2,  1,  and  not 
one  and  two  as  they  are  represented  by  ignorant 
Paiuter&and  Carvers."— Book  viii.ch.  vii.pp.  317-18, 
'  The  Order  of  St.  Stephen  instituted  in  the  Year 
1561  by  Cosmo  de  Medicis,  the  1st  Duke  of  Florence.' 
It  is  a  point  with  regard  to  which  one  is  not 
absolutely  certain,  but  I  think  it  was  at  this 
time  that  the  other  five  "torteaux  d'azur" 
were  altered  from  their  original  "gueules." 
The  Medici  arms  are  depicted  in  eight  or  nine 
instances  upon  engravings  by  Callot  in  the 
Maume  Collection  (Brit.  Mus.),  but  I  do  not 
remember  with  certainty  whether  the  "tor- 
teaux" have  the  parallel  lines  in  fesse  which 
in  heraldic  engravings  represent  the  azure 
tincture. 

The  subject  is  one  upon  which  there  is, 
doubtless,  much  further  to  be  said.  Does, 
for  instance,  the  sign  exist  in  other  countries  ? 
Or  how  was  it,  if  not,  that  the  three  balls 
became  peculiar  to  England  ?  Is,  or  was,  the 
Neapolitan  monte  di  pieta,  or  public  pawn 
office,  distinguished  by  such  a  sign,  or  the 
French  mont  de  piete  ?  The  latter,  however, 
does  not  date,  I  believe,  from  earlier  than  1777. 
The  most  exhaustive  account  of  "  Lending- 
houses  "  is  probably  that  of  Beckmann  in  his 
'History  of  Inventions.'  Cf.  also  The  Anti- 
quary, December,  1904,  p.  380 ;  and  report 
of  Archaeological  Institute  meeting  in  The 
Atheneeum,  15  March,  190S. 

•J.   HOLDEN    MACMlCHAEL. 
6,  Elgin  Court,  Elgin  Avenue,  W. 

SMALL  PARISHES  (10th  S.  iii.  128,  193,  274, 
317).— My  cousin  the  late  Henry  Kirke  Hebb, 
Town  Clerk  of  Lincoln,  resided  in  a  house  lie 


built  in  Lindura  Road,  Lincoln,  called  the 
Cold  Bath  House,  there  being  a  Roman 
bath  in  the  grounds  attached  to  the  house. 
The  total  area  of  the  house  and  grounds 
was  about  one  acre,  and  constituted  an 
entire  parish.  Although  my  cousin,  with  his 
two  nephews,  were  the  only  occupants  of  the 
house,  he  was,  I  believe,  required  to  make 
an  annual  return  of  the  number  of  poor  in 
the  parish  and  to  appoint  overseers  and 
guardians  of  the  (non-existent)  poor.  I  do 
not  think  he  was  called  upon  to  appoint 
churchwardens  to  a  non-existent  church,  but 
this  may  have  been  the  case. 

It  is  satisfactory  to  add  that  this  curious 
parish  is  not  likely  to  become  the  prey  of  the 
speculative  builder,  as  my  cousin  by  his  will 
has  directed  that  the  house  and  grounds 
shall  be  maintained  in  their  present  con- 
dition, and  has  empo.wered  the  trustees  of 
the  property  to  expend  a  certain  sum  for 
that  purpose.  It  would  be  a  thousand 
pities  if  the  Roman  bath,  which  is  in  a 
perfect  state  of  preservation,  were  obliterated 
by  ruthless  hands.  JOHN  HEBB. 

PANCAKE  DAY  (10th  S.  iii.  225).  — With 
reference  to  MR.  RATCLIFFE'S  note  on  the 
observance  of  Pancake  Day  in  the  Midlands 
and  the  mention  of  the  bell  being  rung  at 
11  A.M.,  the  following  note  from  North  and 
Stahlschmidt's  'Church  Bells  of  Hertford- 
shire '  may  be  of  interest : — 

"The  'Pancake'  Bell— really  the  shriving  bell, 
rung  on  Shrove  Tuesday  to  call  men  and  women  to 
confession — is  still  rung  at  Ashwell  at  noon,  the  5th 
bell  being  used.  It  was  also  rung  formerly  at 
Baldock,  Hitchin,  and  Hoddesdon." 

H.  P.  POLLARD. 

"PoMPELMOUS  "  (10th  S.  iii.  168,  191,  256).— 
As  to  the  pamplemose  fruit,  Bernardin  de 
St.  Pierre,  in  the  opening  of '  Paul  et  Virginie,' 
writes:  "a  droite  le  chemin  qui  mene  du 
Port-Louis  au  quartier  des  Pamplemousses." 
The  fruit  is  not  indigenous  in  Southern  India, 
therefore  that  language  must  be  excluded. 

ANGLO-INDIAN. 

LANGLEY  MEYNELL  :  SIR  ROBERT  FRANCIS 
(10th  S.  iii.  270). — Meynell  Langley  is  a  town- 
ship in  the  parish  of  Kirk  Langley,  some  five 
miles  north-west  of  Derby,  and  is  the  seat  of 
Godfrey  Franceys  Meynell,  Esq. 

In  Bigsby's  'History  of  Repton'  (pp.  332 
and  404)  may  be  found  an  account  of  Fore 
mark  Hall,  co.  Derby,  the  seat  of  the  Burdett 
family,  to  whom  it  came  by  marriage.  The 
descent  is  thus  alluded  to  in  the  above- 
mentioned  book : — 

"  Thomas  Burdett,  of  Seckington  and  Bramcote, 
ni  ,   born   the  3rd  of  August,    1585,   was  by  his 


332 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [io*  s.  in.  APRIL  29,  wos. 


Majesty  King  James  I.  advanced  to  the  dignity  of 
a  Baronet  the  25th  February,  1618.  He  added  to 
his  possessions  the  manor  of  Formark  [sic}  and  a 
good  estate  in  Derbyshire,  by  marriage  of  Jane, 
daughter  and  heir  of  William  Frauncys,  Esq., 
nephew  and  heir  to  John  Frauncys,  Esq.,  of  Fore- 
mark  aforesaid,  which  seat  has  since  that  time  been 
the  chief  residence  of  this  family." 

_  Foremark  Hall  was  built  in  1755,  on  the 
site  of  the  ancient  dwelling  of  the  Frauncys 
family.  It  is  about  one  mile  and  a  half  from 
Repton.  JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

According  to  the  'Topographical  Dictionary 
of  England,'  by  Samuel  Lewis  (London,  1831), 
Langley  Meynell  is  a  township  in  the  parish 
of  Kirk  Langley,  hundred  of  Morleston  and 
Litchurch.  The  population  is  returned  with 
the  parish  of  Langley  Kirk,  where,  as  in  the 
Census  Returns  for  1831,  it  is  called  Meynell 
Langley.  EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

The  following  extract  will,  I  think,  answer 
the  first  query  : — 

"  Kirk  Langley  is  a  parish  comprising  the  town- 
ships of  Kirk  Langley  and  Meynell  Langley,  4J  miles 

west-north-west  from  Derby In  the  church  are 

several  monuments  to  the  Meynell  family God- 
frey Franceys  Meynell,  Esq.,  J.P.,  is  lord  of  the 
manor  [of  both  townships]."  — 'The  Post  Office 
Directory  of  Derbyshire,'  1876. 

M.  ELLEN  POOLE. 

Alsager. 

For  particulars  of  the  family  of  Francis 
of  Foremark  for  three  generations  before  the 
reign  of  Edward  I.  to  Ralph,  son  of  Robert 
Francis  mentioned  in  the  query,  see  Nichols's 
'  Topographer  and  Genealogist,'  vol.  i.  p.  361. 
It  also  contains  pedigrees  of  the  families  of 
Meignell  and  Clinton. 

The  Francis  family  from  Edward  II.  to 
1602  is  in  the  'Visitation  of  Derbyshire, 
1611,'  in  The  Genealogist,  N.S.,  vol.  vii.  p.  135. 
JOHN  RADCLIFFE. 

MASONS'  MARKS  (10th  S.  iii.  228,  296).— 
Masons'  marks  of  the  Early  English  period 
are  to  be  seen  on  some  fragments  of  the 
church  of  St.  Nicholas  in  the  Hertford 
Museum.  There  are  some  very  fine  speci- 
mens, probably  of  the  early  Perpendicular 
period,  on  the  east  wall  of  the  used  portion 
of  the  south  aisle  at  Walberswick.  A  short 
time  ago  a  weekly  paper — Pearson's,  I  be- 
lieve— gave  an  illustration  of  masons'  marks 
at  present  in  use.  H.  P.  POLLARD. 

TICKLING  TROUT  (9th  S.  xii.  505  ;  10th  S.  i. 
154,  274,  375,  473  ;  ii.  277,  356).— I  had 
thought  it  hardly  worth  while  to  make  any 
addition  to  the  numerous  communications  on 
this  trivial  subject ;  but  a  passage  in  the  life 


of  that  extraordinary  member  of  an  extra- 
ordinary family,  William  Martin,  "  the  anti- 
Newtonian  philosopher "  (1772-1851),  has 
suggested  a  short  addition  to  the  subject. 
He  says,  speaking  of  his  childish  days  spent 
in  the  Highlands  of  Scotland  : — 

"I  used  to  amuse  my  little  mind  with  climbing 
the  mountains  and  gathering  blue-berries,  which 
grew  in  great  quantities  on  these  mountains  ;  and 
down  in  the  vallies  the  little  burns  and  becks  were 
well  stocked  with  fine  trout,  which  were  readily 
taken  by  the  band.  Although  young,  I  was  very 
artful  in  taking  them,  under  the  stones  or  brow 
edges,  and  groping  and  rinding  them  under  cover ; 
by  kittling  them  they  would  lie  still  until  I  got  a 
proper  hold  of  them,  so  I  could  soon  get  a  fry  of 
fine  burn-trout,  although  a  very  little  boy." 

My  own  youthful  experiences  were  similar 
to  those  of  Martin.  Some  sixty  years  ago  I 
enjoyed  this  form  of  poaching  in  a  burn  in 
the  north  of  Yorkshire.  All  that  is  needed 
for  the  "sport"  is  a  good  trout-stream,  a 
warm,  sunshiny  day,  a  pair  of  bare  legs,  and 
a  light  hand.  You  wade  from  point  to  point, 
and  soon  form  a  pretty  accurate  conjecture 
as  to  the  probable  lie  of  the  trout  under  the 
shadow  of  some  projecting  stone,  and  after 
drawing  many  of  these  recesses  blank,  at  last 
feel  the  unmistakable  satin  of  the  skin.  If 
you  happen  to  touch  the  head  of  the  sleeping 
prey  he  is  off  without  a  word,  but  when  you 
are  fortunate  enough  to  distinguish  the  tail, 
you  have  only  to  titillate  the  victim  as  gently 
as  may  be,  working  up  slowly  towards  the 
head,  when  finger  and  thumb  enter  the  gills 
and  he  is  at  your  mercy.  The  procedure  is, 
of  course,  utterly  unsportsmanlike,  but,  in 
reply  to  one  of  your  correspondents,  the  fish 
does  enjoy  the  sensation  until  the  supreme 
moment  when  he  divines  your  object. 

J.  ELIOT  HODGKIN. 

DATE  OF  THE  CREATION  (10th  S.  iii.  268). — 
Archbishop  Ussher  begins  his  '  Annals  of  the 
World '  as  follows  : — 

"  In  the  beginning  God  created  Heaven  and  Earth. 
Which  beginning  of  time,  according  to  our  Chrono- 
logie,  fell  upon  the  entrance  of  the  night  preceding 
the  twenty-third  day  of  Octob.  in  the  year  of  the 
Julian  Calendar,  710.  Upon  the  first  day  therefore 
of  the  world,  or  Octob.  23,  being  our  Sunday, 
God,  together  with  the  highest  Heaven,  created 

the  Angels on  the  very  middle  of  the  first  day, 

the  light  was  created." 

And  he  goes  on  to  describe  the  events  of 
each  day  of  creation.  Speaking  of  the  Fall, 
he  says  : — 

"  It  is  very  probable  that  Adam  was  turned  out 
of  Paradise  the  self-same  day  that  he  was  brought 
into  it,  which  seemeth  to  have  been  upon  the  tenth 
day  of  the  world  (answering  to  our  first  day  of 
November,  according  to  supposition  of  the  Julian 
Period)." 


10"-  s.  in.  APRIL  29, 1905.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


333 


I  have  quoted  from  the  folio  edition  of 
1658.  It  is  a  great  pity  that  Archbishop 
Ussher's  dates  should  be  printed  in  our 
English  Bibles  as  if  they  were  put  forth  by 
authority.  They  first  appeared  in  Bishop 
Lloyd's  Bible  in  1701,  and  have  been  copied 
by  printers  ever  since.  It  would  be  well  if 
they  were  to  disappear. 

ERNEST  B.  SAVAGE. 

St.  Thomas,  Douglas. 

Many  learned  and  curious  papers  on  this 
subject  have  appeared  in  3rd  S.  x.  242 ;  xii. 
374,  449,  534  ;  7th  S.  i.  287,  452.  Numerous 
works  are  given  under  this  heading  in  the 
'Contents-Subject  Index'  by  A.  Cotgreave 
(London,  1900). 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

Vide  'An  Outline  of  Ancient  and  Modern 
History,'  at  the  end  of  Barclay's  '  English 
Dictionary,'  1808. 

HENRY  JOHN  BEARDSHAW. 
27,  Northumberland  Road,  Sheffield. 

[Reply  also  from  MR.  J.  NELSON.] 

AMERICAN  PLACE-NAMES  (10th  S.  iii.  188, 
276). — This  query  has  recalled  a  memory  of 
my  boyhood,  which  may  possibly  help 
towards  finding  the  collection  of  poems  in- 
quired for.  I  cannot  perfectly  remember  the 
excerpt,  but  it  ran  very  nearly  as  follows  : — 

"  Out  in  Maine  they  write   their  love-letters  in 
this  style  :— 
Sweet  maiden  of  Passamaquoddy, 

Shall  we  seek  for  communion  of  souls 
Where  the  deep  Mississippi  meanders 

Or  the  mighty  Saskatchewan  rolls? 

Ah,  no  !  here  in  Maine  I  will  find  thee 

A  sheltered  sequestered  nook, 
Where  the  slow-winding  Skoodoowabskookskis 

Conjoins  with  the  Skoodoowabskook. 

Let  others  extol  the  Molloddy 

Or  Merrimamerrimacook ; 
There's  none  like  the  Skoodoowabskookskis, 

Unless  'tis  the  Skoodoowabskook." 

There  may  have  been  another  stanza  after 
the  second,  but  I  think  not.  The  adjectives 
and  the  last  line  but  three  are  the  parts  I 
remember  least  clearly.  H.  DAVEY. 

"FEBRUARY  FILL  DYKE"  (10th  S.  iii.  248, 
314). — When  an  average  was  obtained  of  the 
rainfall  at  Greenwich  for  each  month  of 
the  year,  over  the  fifty  years  ended  1897, 
the  astonishing  fact  (as  apparently  observed 
by  MR.  WOLFERSTAN)  was  noted  that  the 
rainfall  in  February  was  less  than  that  in 
any  other  month  of  the  year.  Probably,  how- 
ever, the  small  amount  of  rain  which  then 
falls  has  more  effect  than  that  which  falls  at 
any  other  time  in  the  filling  of  the  dikes  and 


streams.  A  considerable  amount  of  rain  may 
fall  upon  growing  crops  and  on  a  thirsty 
land  with  but  little  effect  in  increasing  the 
volume  of  water  in  the  neighbouring  streams  'r 
but  when  February  begins  there  is  but  little- 
vegetation,  and,  moreover,  the  ground  has 
usually  become  so  saturated  that  it  can 
absorb  no  more,  and  so  the  rain — although 
so  little — fills  the  dikes. 

THOS.  C.  MYDDELTON. 

St.  Albans. 

Old    folks    in   Somerset   still    quote    this 

Froverb  as  though  it  was  founded  on  fact, 
t  is  no  use  to  remind  them  that  February 
is  not  realty  a  wet  month.    They  shake  their 
heads  and  intimate  that  "  the  seasons  have 
changed."  C.  T. 

ALL  FOOLS'  DAY  (10th  S.  iii.  286).— In  the 
days  of  my  youth,  in  South  Lincolnshire,  no- 
April  fools  (or  Tommies,  as  we  were  taught 
to  call  the  victims)  could  be  lawfully  made 
after  noontide.  Did  anybody  ignore  this, 
the  retort  courteous  was  : — 

Twelve  o'clock  is  past  and  gone, 
And  you  're  a  fool  for  making  me  one. 

I  used  to  feel  infinitely  relieved  when  I  had 
more  or  less  successfully  avoided  the  traps 
of  early  morn,  and  was  protected  from 
stultification  by  midday.  ST.  SWITHIN. 

MR.  HARRY  HEMS  has  misquoted  the 
couplet.  It  is  as  follows  : — 

April  Fools'  Day  's  past  and  gone  ; 
You  're  a  fool,  and  I  am  none  ! 

He  is  quite  correct  as  to  the  pranks  not 
being  permissible  after  noontide,  and  the 
same  custom  still  obtains  in  this  part  of 
Yorkshire.  Should  any  boy  or  girl  be 
"  fooled "  after  midday,  the  victimizer  is 
retaliated  upon  with  the  lines  I  have  quoted. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 
Bradford. 

ANCHORITES'  DENS  (10th  S.  iii.  128,  234, 
293). — Apart  from  the  name,  there  is  no 
evidence  (pace  Robert  Bigsby)  that  Anchor 
Church,  near  Repton,  was  ever  used  for  a 
religious  purpose,  or  was  occupied  by  an 
anchorite.  In  the  Repton  parish  register, 
under  the  year  1658,  is  the  entry  :  "  Ye  foole 
at  Anchor  Church  bur  :  April  19."  In  later 
times  it  was  much  enlarged  by  Sir  Robert 
Burdett  to  form  a  summer-house,  and  was  in 


part  used  as  a  winebin. 


York. 


GEORGE  A.  AUDEN. 


HOUSE  OF  ANJOU  (10th  S.  iii.  270,  317).— 
Hazlitt's  'Coinage  of  the  European  Con- 
tinent,' p.  276,  gives  a  list  of  the  Counts  and 


334 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [io*  s.  m.  APRIL  29,  iocs. 


Dukes  of  Anjou,  and  shows  clearly  how  the 
title  merged  to  the  crowned  heads  of  Eng- 
land, France,  and  Naples.  Pedigrees  of  the 
same  are  in  Betham's  '  Genealogical  Tables,' 
ocv.,  CCLVI.,  and  CCCLIII.  Anderson's  '  Royal 
Genealogies,'  1732,  and  'The  Genealogical 
Chart  of  the  Royal  Houses  of  Europe,'  by 
F.  D.  Hartland,  1854,  give  what  is  required. 
JOHN  RADCLIFFE. 

•THE  LASS  OP  RICHMOND  HILL'  (10th  S.  iii. 
6G,  289).— Dr.  Severs  is  in  error  on  one  point. 
Thomas  I'Anson,  who  was  Mayor  of  Rich- 
mond in  1780,  was  not  the  brother,  but 
uncle,  of  "  The  Lass."  He  was  born  in  1744, 
and  died  in  1784,  having  married,  in  1781, 
Mary  Town,  who  was  born  at  Settle,  in 
Craven,  and  died  in  1782— issue  an  only  child, 
a  daughter,  who  died  unmarried.  Husband 
and  wife  are  buried  under  the  altar  in  Spenni- 
thorne  Church,  with  their  aunt  Elizabeth 
I'Anson,  who  died  unmarried  at  Richmond, 
8  July,  1780,  aged  seventy-eight.  The  brother 
of  "The  Lass."  Thomas  I'Anson,  of  Harmby, 
near  Spennithorne,  and  of  Prior  House,  Rich- 
mond, and  other  places,  was  never  Mayor  of 
Richmond. 

I  hope  to  publish  a  fuller  account  of  this 
subject,  with  further  interesting  particulars 
of  Leonard  MacNally,  the  author  of  the  song, 
and  the  I'Anson  family  and  pedigree,  with 
portrait  of  "  The  Lass."  JOHN  GATES. 

THE  EGYPTIAN  HALL,  PICCADILLY  (10th  S. 
iii.  163,  236,  297). — The  same  errors  were  made 
in  The  Daily  Telegraph,  21  February,  1890, 
•when,  in  anticipation  of  its  demolition,  a 
very  faulty  epitome  of  the  history  of  the 
Egyptian  Hall  was  given.  My  reply  (ante, 
p.  236)  was  not  intended  to  correct  all  these 
inaccuracies  or  make  good  the  very  many 
omissions. 

The  first  season  of  Messrs.  Maskelyne  & 
Cooke  at  this  hall  commenced  26  May,  1873. 

The  "Mysterious  Lady  "  was  an  entertain- 
ment of  clairvoyance  first  given  here  in  1845; 
the  date  quoted  by  ME.  YARROW  BALDOCK 
was  probably  that  of  a  return  visit. 

ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

39,  Hillmarton  Road,  N. 

*  MY  COUSIN'S  TALE  OF  A  COCK  AND  A  BULL  ' 
(10th  S.  iii.  268).— This  is  by  the  eccentric  John 
Hall  -  Stevenson.  See  his  «  Works,'  1795, 
vol.  iii.  pp.  28-43.  W.  P.  COURTNEY. 

PORTRAITS  WHICH  HAVE  LED  TO  MARRIAGES 
(10th  S.  iii.  287). — I  quote  one  instance  where 
the  portrait  of  a  fair  damsel  led  to  a  marriage. 

A  few  years  ago  Mr.  Hanson  Walker, 
whose  portraits  have  often  been  hung  on  the 
walls  of  the  Royal  Academy,  sent  an  excellent 


portrait  of  his  daughter  to  the  annual  ex- 
hibition of  the  Cheltenham  and  County  Fine 
Art  Society,  of  which  I  am  hon.  secretary. 
Whilst  on  duty  there,  I  noticed  that  every 
day  a  gentleman  came  and  seated  himself 
in  front  of  the  picture,  which  seemed  to  have 
quite  fascinated  him.  One  day  he  came 
to  me  and  questioned  me  regarding  the 
artist,  and  also  seemed  very  desirous  of 
ascertaining  whether  the  portrait  was  a 
literal  or  an  idealized  likeness  of  the  fail- 
model.  Next  day  the  gentleman's  sister 
interviewed  me,  and  asked  me,  as  a  special 
favour,  to  give  her  brother  an  introduction 
to  the  artist.  "  I  may  as  well  tell  you,"  she 
said,  "  that  my  brother  has  fallen  in  love 
with  the  pretty  face,  and  would  like  to  win 
the  fair  original  for  his  bride."  The  affair 
was  so  romantic  that  I  at  once  wrote  the 
letter  of  introduction.  The  gentleman  then 
went  up  to  London,  was  introduced  to  the 
daughter,  and  shortly  after  was  engaged. 
As  a  finale  the  happy  pair  were  married  at 
St.  George's,  Hanover  Square,  and  I  have 
every  reason  to  believe  the  marriage  has 
proved  satisfactory  in  all  ways. 

SYDNEY  HERBERT. 
Carlton  Lodge,  Cheltenham. 

If  your  correspondent  will  look  through 
the  proceedings  of  the  Divorce  Court  a  few 
years  ago,  he  will  find  the  case  of  a  gentleman 
who,  while  waiting  on  the  platform  for  a 
train,  became  enamoured  of  a  lady  whose 
portrait  was  exhibited  in  a  photographer's 
show-case,  sought  her  out,  and  married  her — 
the  result  being  that  he  regretted  having 
been  too  early  for  his  train.  S.  D.  C. 

WEATHERCOCK  (10th  S.  iii.  288).— "  Weather," 
though  used  of  atmospheric  conditions  in 
general,  is  also  very  naturally  applied 
specially  to  air  in  motion.  Hence  "  weather- 
driven  "  means  driven  by  stress  of  wind, 
while  "weather- tide"  is  the  tide  which  sets 
against  the  lee  side  of  a  ship,  impelling  her 
to  the  windward.  The  cognate  German  word 
Wetter  signifies  weather,  storm,  lightning, 
and  air  in  some  of  its  many  compounds.  Its 
wide  range  of  meaning  may  be  seen  in  any 
German  dictionary.  M.  G.  W.  P. 

SAXTON  FAMILY  OF  SAXTON,  co.  YORK  (10th 
S.  iii.  129, 175, 235).— The  Rev.  Charles  Saxton, 
D.D.,  was  Head  Master  of  Newport  Grammar 
School,  Shropshire  (1846-70),  but  I  do  not 
think  that  he  came  from  Saxton  in  York- 
shire. Saxton  is  a  parish  I  know  well,  from 
having  often  visited  the  battlefield  of  Towton, 
fought  in  1461.  In  Leland's  'Itinerary, 
vol.  i.  fo.  47,  it  is  said  :  "  This  feeld  was  ab 


10»  S.  III.  APRIL  29,  1905.]         NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


335 


much  fought  in  Saxton  Paroch,  as  in  Towton 
yet  it  berith  the  name  of  Towton." 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 
Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

AINSTY  (10th  S.  ii.  25,  97,  455,  516  ;  iii.  133 
256). — Everything  that  ME.  A.  HALL  say 
about  OH,  am,  and  me  may  be  quite  true 
though  I  am  not  going  to  vouch  for  it ;  bu 
I  must  demur  to  his  treating  the  sundr; 
Ansties  he  enumerates  as  if  they  were  s 
many  examples  of  Ainsty,  which,  so  far  a 
anybody  has  hitherto  shown,  is  unique  ir 
local  nomenclature.  This  has  helped  tx 
divert  the  attention  of  readers  from  or 
inquiry  as  to  the  reasonableness  of  a  gues" 
recently  published  that  Ainsty  is  an  attrite 
form  of  the  latter  part  of  the  word  Chris 
tianity.  I  have  naturally  formed  my  own 
opinion  on  the  question,  but  should  like  tc 
hear  what  wiser  brethren  think. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

WARLOW,  GERMAN  PLACE-NAME  (10th  S.  iii 
249).— Similar  inquiries  appeared  in  2nd  S.  iv 
and  9th  S.  ix.  To  the  latter,  two  replies  were 
received,  but  they  referred  to  the  family 
name.  The  name  does  not  appear  in  '  Index 
Geographicus  of  the  Principal  Places  of  the 
•Globe,'  1864.  EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

CON-  CONTRACTION  (10th  S.  ii.  427  ;  iii.  lib 
152,  250). — I  am  not  able  to  answer  QUIRI- 
NUS'S  question  whether  the  con-  contraction 
sign  was  known  in  printers'  jargon  as  the 
horn,  but  this  may  throw  some  light  on 
the  subject.  Section  132  of  Bacon's  'Sylva 
Sylvarum  ;  or,  Natural  History,'  is  as 
follows  : — 

"  It  would  be  tried,  how,  and  with  what  pro- 
portion of  disadvantage,  the  voice  will  be  carried 
in  an  horn,  which  is  a  line  arched,"  &c. 

This  shows  that  one  contemporary  at  least 
used  the  word  "horn"  as  synonymous  with 
an  arched  line,  which  the  con-  contraction 
sign  certainly  was.  HASTA  VIBRANS. 

Philadelphia. 

"RAVISON":     u  SCRIVELLOES "     (10th    S.     ii. 

227,  292,  452).— Through  the  kindness  of  a 
friend,  I  am  now  able  to  answer  my  original 
query,  "What  is  ravison?"  In  reply  to  my 
inquiries,  Mr.  van  Lessen  (Corn  Exchange 
Chambers,  E.C.)  writes  : — 

"Ravison  is  a  variety  of  rapeseed,  botanical 
family  Brassica,  but  is  inferior  to  rapeseed  inas- 
much as  the  oil  therefrom  ia  darker  in  colour  and 
bitter  in  taste,  while  its  cake  has  this  bitterness  in 
even  a  stronger  degree.  It  is  shipped  mainly  from 
South  Russia,  and  is  used  as  an  adulterant.  When 
mixed  into  rapeseed  to  a  large  extent  the  oil  should 
be  used  for  lubricating  purposes  only,  and  the  cake 


for  manure.  The  derivation  of  the  word  1  do  not 
know ;  I  believe  it  to  be  a  trade  term  taken  over 
from  the  French." 

Mr.  van  Lessen's  suggestion  is  of  course 
right :  it  must  be  from  the  Fr.  rave,  Lat. 
ra)ta.  W.  F.  ROSE. 

Hutton  Rectory. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED  (10th  S- 
iii.  148,  197).— 2.  "  Leurs  ecrits  sont  des  vols 
qu'ils  nous  ont  faits  d'avance,"  is  from  Piron, 
'La  Metromanie'  (1738),  iii.  6.  See  King's 
'  Foreign  and  Classical  Quotations,'  the 
edition  of  1904,  where  there  is  further 
interesting  information  about  this  quotation. 

I  cannot  find  "  Thanks  are  lost  by  promises 
delayed  "  in  Abbott's  '  Concordance  to  Pope's 
Works.'  HARRY  B.  POLAND. 

Inner  Temple. 

GEORGE  BORROW:  'THE  TURKISH  JESTER* 
(10th  S.  iii.  229).— I  find  the  following  in  the 
supplement  to  Allibone's  '  Dictionary  of 
English  Literature,'  1892,  under  the  head  of 
'  George  Borrow,'  and  it  may  suit  BORROVIAN: 

"Several  works  left  in  MS.  were  advertised  in 
1857  as  ready  for  the  press,  including  '  Penquite  and 
Pentyre ;  or,  the  Head  of  the  Forest  and  the 
Headland  :  a  Book  on  Cornwall,'  2  vols.  But  none 
of  them  appear  to  have  been  published  except  an 
early  production,  entitled  '  The  Turkish  Jester  ;  or, 
the  Pleasantries  of  CojiaNasrEddin  Effendi,  trang- 
lated  from  the  Turkish,'  Lond.,  1884,  p.  8vo.  Printed 
on  hand-made  paper,  150  copies  only." 

JOHN  RADCLIFFE. 

VERSCHOYLE  :  FOLDEN  (lO^1  S.  iii.  69,  115). 
— The  name  Verschoyle  is  essentially  a 
surname.  I  quote  below  from  The  Irish 
Builder  of  15  December,  1887  : — 

'The  ancestor  of  this  family  migrated  to  Ireland 
:rom  Utrecht  in  Holland  to  escape  the  persecutions 
of  Philip  II.  [He  reigned  from  1555  to  1598.]  The 
'amily  were  resident  in  St.  Catherine's  parish, 
Dublin.  It  is  mentioned  in  Mason's  'History  of 
St.  Patrick's  Cathedral'  that  a  member  of  the 
Verschoyle  family  presented  a  brass  chandelier  to 
St.  Catherine's  Church  in  the  year  1637  (removed 
some  years  before  1819)." 

Then  follows  an  almost  unbroken  history  of 
.he  family  down  to  the  present  date. 

VERSCHOYLE. 
Glasgow. 

When  I  entered  Pembroke  College,  Cam- 

nidge,  as  an  undergraduate  in  1879  there 

was  an  undergraduate  named  John  Stuart 

Verschoyle.      He  is  now  rector    of    Huish- 

ihampflower,  in  Somerset. 

T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 
Lancaster. 

The  Rev.  James  Verschoyle,  LL.D.,  was  a 
ninor  canon  of  St.  Patrick's,  Dublin;  assistant 
ibrarian  of  the  Public  Library,  1780;  Arch- 


336 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [io*  s.  in.  APKIL  29,  ins. 


deacon  of  Glendalough ;  and  afterwards 
Dean  of  St.  Patrick's,  holding  the  deanery 
along  with  the  curacy  of  St.  Bride's.  Dr. 
Verschoyle  resigned  both  deanery  and  curacy 
on  his  promotion  to  the  Bishopric  of  Killala 
in  1810.  He  died  in  1834,  and  was  buried  at 
Killala  (vide  '  Succession  of  Clergy  in  the 
Parishes  of  St.  Bride,  St.  Michael  le  Pole, 
and  St.  Stephen,  Dublin,'  by  W.  G.  Carroll, 
M.A.,  Dublin,  1884). 

I  may  add  that  when  in  1856  I  was  at 
school  in  Dublin  one  of  my  fellow-pupils  was 
a  Verschoyle. 

The  crest  of  the  family  is  a  boar's  head 
erased  gu.  HENRY  GERALD  HOPE. 

119,  Elms  Road,  Claphara,  S.W. 

COSAS  DE  ESPANA  (10th  S.  i.  247,  332,  458  ; 
ii.  474,  510;  iii.  191).— A  gale  at  Taormina 
rapt  '  N.  &  Q.'  of  11  March  from  my  hold, 
"and  I  was  left  lamenting"  ere  I  had  enjoyed 
its  contents.  Now  that  I  have  obtained 
another  copy,  and  have  to  the  best  of  my 
ability  translated  the  narrative  of  Pere 
Loriano,  I  am  in  a  position  to  appreciate 
the  kindness  of  DON  FLORENCIO  DE  UHAGON, 
and  to  return  him  many  thanks  for  his  valu- 
able reply.  My  photograph  of  the  pathetic 
Crucifix  of  Burgos  plainly  shows  the  gold, 
or,  rather,  silver-gilt  crown,  grouped  with 
three  ostrich-eggs  about  the  feet,  which  they 
for  the  most  part  hide.  I  cannot,  however, 
believe  that  the  eggs  were  first  associated 
with  the  image  in  order  to  conceal  the 
absence  of  a  toe,  though  they  may  subserve 
that  purpose.  ST.  S  WITHIN. 

CROMER  STREET  (10th  S.  iii.  248). —  The 
curious  houses  in  Cromer  Street,  built  by  a 
Mr.  Lucas,  are  fully  described  in  6th  S.  iii.  28, 
232.  Should  MR.  ABRAHAMS  have  any  diffi- 
culty in  referring  to  the  volume,  mine  is  open 
for  his  inspection. 

EVERARD   HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

NAMES  OF  LETTERS  (10th  S.  iii.  228,  277, 
292). — Is  not  our  puzzling  name  of  the  letter 
y  so  called  merely  to  differentiate  or  to 
distinguish  it  from  that  of  v,  which,  in  its 
origin,  had  been  identical  with  it  and 
borrowed  from  the  Greek  v  ?  X. 

Louis  XIV.'s  HEART  (10th  S.  ii.  346,  496).— 
MR.  MARVIN,  at  the  later  reference,  in 
instancing  cases  where  the  human  heart  has 
been  swallowed,  by  mistake  or  otherwise, 
gives  the  tale  from  Boccaccio's  '  Decameron' 
(Fourth  Day,  Novelix.)  of  Gulielmo  Rossi- 
glione,  who  gave  his  wife  the  heart  of  her 
lover  disguised  as  a  boar's  heart.  May  I  give 
a  modern  instance  of  Boccaccio's  gruesome 


story,  the  hero  of  which  is  now  (unless  he  be 
dead)  undergoing  penal  servitude  at  the 
French  convict  establishment  at  Noumea,  in 
the  island  of  New  Caledonia,  in  the  South 
Pacific  Ocean  1 

Some  fifteen  years  ago,  one  Sunday  after- 
noon, I  was  sitting  in  the  square  at  Noumea, 
listening  to  the  delightful  strains  of  the 
convict  Iband  (which  is  said  to  be  the  finest 
in  the  southern  hemisphere),  when  a  friend 
who  was  sitting  by  my  side — the  son  of  the 
then  British  Consul— pointed  out  to  me  one 
of  the  performers,  a  tall,  soldierly  man,  who 
was  stated  to  be  a  French  count,  if  I  remem- 
ber rightly,  and  gave  me  the  following 
reason  for  his  incarceration.  Some  years 
back  he  had  discovered — or  believed  that  he 
had — his  wife  in  an  intrigue,  and,  having  by 
some  means  or  other  procured  the  death  of 
her  lover,  had  his  heart  served  up  to  his  wife 
at  table,  and  then,  when  she  had  partaken 
freely  of  the  bonne  bouche,  confessed  the 
hideous  details  of  his  crime.  The  result  was, 
of  course,  a  prosecution  ;  but  in  this,  as  in  s» 
many  other  cases  in  France,  there  was  no 
difficulty  in  establishing  those  "extenuating 
circumstances "  which  have  saved  many  a 
criminal's  neck.  I  did  not  seek  to  verify  the 
ghastly  story  by  asking  the  Governor  or 
Commandant  of  the  Penitentiaire  as  to  the 
truth  of  it;  but  from  my  friend's  official 
position  he  should  not  have  been  mistaken 
in  what  he  told  me.  J.  S.  UDAL,  F.S.A. 

Antigua,  W.I. 

"LEDIG":  "LEISURE":  "LICERE"  (10th  S. 
iii.  288).  —  Before  solving  this  query,  it  is 
necessary  to  repeat  it,  as  it  is  replete  with 
mystery  :  "  Brachet,  s.v.  loisir,  connects  this 
[what  is  this  ?]  with  Lat.  licere.  But  Kluge, 
s.v.  lediy,  connects  this  [what  is  this  ?]  with 
O.  Icel.  lidugr,  free."  These  two  words  this 
are  quite  separate.  Of  course  loisir  and 
leisure  are  allied  to  licere  ;  that  is  statement 
No.  1.  Next,  the  G.  lediy  is  connected  with 
the  O.  Icel.  word  ;  that  is  statement  No.  2. 
Both  are  correct,  so  that  the  query,  "  Which 
authority  is  right?"  means  nothing.  For 
Lat.  licere  has  no  more  to  do  with  G.  ledig 
than  cart  has  to  do  with  horse. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

BIGG,  THE  DINTON  HERMIT  ( 1.0th  S.  iii.  285). 
— I  presume  that  the  portrait  of  Bigg  to 
which  the  REV.  JOHN  PICKFORD  refers  is  that 
published  on  10  December,  1787,  by  W. 
Richardson,  at  No.  174,  Strand.  It  measures 
11  in.  in  height  by  7  in.,  and  was  etched  by 
R.  L.  from  a  picture  in  the  possession  of 
Scroop  Bernard,  Esq.,  of  Nether  Winchendon, 
Bucks.  The  hermit  is  shown  clad  in  his  suit, 


10*8.  m.  APRH»,  1905.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


337 


consisting  of  jacket,  trousers,  and  hooded 
cape,  all  formed  of  irregular  patches  of 
leather  three  or  four  inches  square.  His  left 
hand  rests  on  the  handle  of  a  three-pronged 
digging-fork ;  in  his  right  is  a  round-bellied 
flask,  whilst  two  other  bottles  hang  on  his 
arm,  and  a  clay  pipe  is  stuck  into  one  of  the 
patches  on  his  sleeve.  His  shoes  are  certainly 
large,  but  not  enormous,  and  the  soles  are 
not  unusually  thick.  The  engraved  descrip- 
tion under  the  portrait  follows  in  most 
respects  the  letter  of  Hearne,  from  which  it 
must  have  been  directly  or  indirectly  taken  ; 
but  the  information  is  added  that  the  cave 
was  dug  up  some  years  before  the  date  of  the 
print  by  Sir  John  Vanhatton,  of  Dinton,  in 
hopes  of  discovering  something  relative  to 
Bigg,  but  without  success. 

J.  ELIOT  HODGKIN. 

CURE-TON'S  MULTANIS  (10th  S.  iii.  269,  318). 
— The  15th  Bengal  Lancers  were  raised  in 
1858  by  a  different  Cureton  from  the  Charles 
Cureton  who  fell  at  llamnagar — by  a  son  of 
the  latter,  I  believe.  H.  P.  L. 

SIR  HARRY  BATH  :  SHOTOVER  (10th  S.  iii. 
209,  277). — A  lengthy  review  of  the  name  of 
Shotover  Hill,  near  Oxford,  and  the  amusing 
errors  of  writers  upon  the  subject  of  place- 
names  (including  mistakes  made  even  by  the 
late  Isaac  Taylor),  may  be  found  at  pp.  148-50 
of  vol.  i.  of  '  The  Oxford,  Gloucester,  and  Mil- 
ford  Haven  Road,"  by  Chas.  G.  Harper. 

F.  W.  A. 

LOCAL  GOVERNMENT  RECORDS  (10th  S.  iii. 
287).— The  Court  Leet  Rolls  throw  a  vast 
light  on  local  government.  They  are  in  the 
custody  of  the  manor  stewards.  The  eigh- 
teenth-century Court  Rolls  of  the  Royal 
Manor  of  Savoy  contain  much  interesting 
matter  that  would  now  come  before  a  magis- 
trate. These  are  in  the  Public  Record  Office. 
GERALD  FOTHERGILL. 

11,  Brussels  Road,  S.W. 

MRS.  HUMBY,  ACTRESS  (10th  S.  iii.  288).— 
May  I  suggest  that  Mr.  Knight,  in  his 
account  of  this  lady  ('  Diet.  Nat.  Biog.'),  has 
not  only  given  the  salient  features,  but  has 
nearly  exhausted  the  public  career  of  this 
"  Queen  of  Chambermaids"  ?  I  trace  a  later 
performance  at  the  Lyceum  in  April,  1850, 
as  Fatima  in  Blanche's  pastoral  '  Cymon  and 
Iphigenia,'  in  the  preface  to  which  (see 
"Testimonial  Edition,"  vol.  iv.)  the  adapter 
alleges  as  an  inducement  to  his  efforts  "  the 
engagement  of  Mrs.  Humby,  the  best  repre- 
sentative of  the  waiting-maids  in  the  old 
comedies  that  has  ever  been  seen  by  the 


existing  generation  of  playgoers."  June  of 
the  same  year  witnessed  Mr.  Humby's  death 
in  Guernsey,  and  the  late  Mr.  Walter  Lacy 
assured  me  Mrs.  Humby  then  withdrew 
from  the  stage,  remarried,  and  was  living  at 
Hammersmith.  Many  amusing  stories  are 
still  current  of  this  lively  lady.  She  strongly 
resented  John  Forster's  vulgar  interference 
during  Macready's  rehearsals  atDrury  Lane, 
and  his  "  At  her  again,  Mac  !  at  her  again  !  " 
was  not  received  with  compliance  or  com- 
placency. As  to  her  second  husband,  as  yet 
he  is  relegated  to  the  same  limbo  of  obscurity 
that  veils  the  first  husband  of  George  Col- 
man's  wife,  the  sweet  Mrs.  Gibbs. 

Evans's  'Catalogue  of  Engraved  British 
Portraits  '  mentions  an  original  coloured 
drawing  of  Mrs.  Humby,  as  a  jockey,  by 
De  Wilde.  ROBERT  WALTERS. 

Ware  Priory. 

SHORTER  :  WALPOLE  (10th  S.  iii.  269,  317).— 
Sir  John  Shorter,  Knt.,  citizen  and  goldsmith 
of  London,  Sheriff  1675,  Lord  Mayor  1687-8, 
died  4  September,  1688,  and  was  buried  in 
St.  Saviour's,  Southwark.  He  married  Isa- 
bella Birkhead,  and  she  died  14  January, 
1703,  being  buried  with  her  husband.  Their 
son  John  Shorter  married  Elizabeth  Phillips, 
and  had  the  following  issue  :  Charlotte, 
married  Francis  Seymour  (Lord  Conway)  ; 
John,  Arthur,  and  Erasmus,  died  unmarried  ; 
and  Catherine  (eldest  daughter),  who  became 
the  first  wife  of  Sir  Robert  Walpole  (Lord 
Orford).  Their  son,  Horace  Walpole,  of 
Strawberry  Hill,  erected  the  monument  to 
his  mother  in  Westminster  Abbey.  She  died 
20  August,  1737. 

This  does  not  answer  MR.  VIDLER'S  query, 
but  may  be  of  some  help.  The  earlier  volumes 
of  The  Genealogical  Magazine  contain  much 
information  regarding  the  Walpoles  and 
Nelsons,  while  your  correspondent  should 
see  The  Sketch  of  19  January,  1898,  where, 
on  p.  525,  is  an  illustrated  article  headed 
'  A  Forgotten  Worthy  :  some  Account  of  Sir 
John  Shorter,  his  Pageant,  and  his  Kindred.' 
Dr.  Goldsworthy  Shorter,  of  Hastings,  is  (if 
still  living)  the  chief  representative  of  the 
Shorter  family  and  last  of  his  name. 

CHAS.  HALL  CROUCH. 

5,  Grove  Villas,  Wanstead. 


BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  NOTES  ON  DICKENS 
THACKERAY  (10th  S.  iii.  22,  73,  131,  151,  196, 
275).  —  In  The  London  Magazine  of  September, 
1902,  p.  176,  is  an  article  on  '  The  Romance  of 
Book-Collecting,'  by  the  editor  of  The  Con- 
noisseur. Inter  alia  is  a  reduced  reproduction 
of  the  title-page  of  "Is  She  his  Wife?  or, 
Something  Singular,  a  Comic  Burletta  in  One 


338 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,  [lo*  s.  in.  APRIL  29,  iocs. 


Act,  by  Charles  Dickens."    The  writer  of  the 
article  says  that  this  play 

"was  produced  at  the  St.  James's  Theatre  in  1837. 
It  was  apparently  printed  in  England  about  that 
time,  but  no  copies  of  this  early  edition  are  now  in 
existence,  and  the  oldest  edition  known  to  col- 
lectors a  year  ago  was  one  that  was  printed  in 
Boston,  U.S.A.,  in  1877.  This  recently  discovered 
pamphlet  is  one  of  a  hitherto  unsuspected  English 
edition  printed  in  the  early  seventies  [xj'c],  and, 
being  unique,  it  is  naturally  a  great  prize." 
There  is,  of  course,  in  the  above  a  clerical 
error.  I  have  the  authority  of  the  author  of 
the  article  (Mr.  J.  T.  Herbert  Baily)  for  saying 
that  "  printed  in  the  early  seventies  "  should 
in  the  late  thirties. 


According  to  'The  London  Stage  ......  from 

1576  to  1888,'  by  H.  Barton  Baker,  1889, 
vol.  ii.  p.  145,  'Is  She  his  Wife?'  was  pro- 
duced at  the  St.  James's  Theatre  on  6  March, 
1837,  "  but  with  only  moderate  success." 

EGBERT  PIEEPOINT. 

BRIDGER'S  HILL  (10th  S.  iii.  189).—  I  find 
that  Bridget1  is  an  ancient  county  name,  cha- 
racteristic of  Hampshire  and  also  of  Sussex. 
Can  any  reader  give  the  earliest  record  of  the 
name  in  Hampshire?  The  earliest  date  I 
have  is  in  1599  (Petersfield  district).  F.  P. 

PILLION  :  FLAILS  (10th  S.  iii.  267).—  I  well 
remember  seeing  threshers  at  work  with  flails 
in  the  forties,  and  there  must  be  many  readers 
of  'N.  &  Q."  who  have  the  same  pleasant  re- 
miniscence. ST.  SWITHIN. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &o. 

Conjat'x  Crudities  :  Hastily  gobbled  up  in  five 
Moneths  Travells,  Ac.  By  Thomas  Coryat. 
1  vols.  (Glasgow,  MacLehose  &  Sons.) 
IF  books  have  their  destinies  few  can  have  experi- 
enced a  fate  stranger,  or  in  a  sense  more  per- 
verse, than  that  known  as  '  Coryat'a  Crudities,  'a 
delightful  reprint  of  which  we  owe  to  the  enter- 
prise of  Messrs.  MacLehose.  First  issued  in 
1611,  it  found  extreme  difficulty  in  obtaining  a 
publisher;  nor  was  it  without  the  interference  of 
royalty  in  the  person  of  Prince  Henry,  and 
literature  in  that  of  Ben  Jonson,  that  it  won  its 
way  to  the  light.  The  circumstances  under  which 
it  appeared  conspired  to  assign  it  a  character  to 
which  it  is  not  entitled.  A  useful,  serious, 
scholarly,  and  trustworthy  work,  the  result  in 
part  of  a  study  of  Scaliger  and  other  authorities, 
and  one  of  the  earliest  books  of  land  travels,  it  is 
treated  in  some  influential  quarters  as  if  it 
was  a  "marvel"  of  Marco  Polo  or  a  romance  of 
Mandeville.  By  a  freak  of  destiny  it  has  become 
associated  with  the  great  records  of  Hakluyt  and 
Purchas,  and  it  is  as  a  species  of  supplement  to 
these  that  it  is  republished  in  its  present 
attractive  form.  Add  to  this  that  it  is  now 
one  of  the  very  rarest  of  English  works,  of 


which  but  a  single  copy  is  known  to  exist,  and  ifc 
will  be  seen  that  its  fate  has  been  strange.  Coryate'» 
own  destiny  seems  scarcely  less  eccentric  than  that 
of  his  work.    Encouraged  by  the  success  of  his 
'Crudities,'  he  set  out  the  year  following  on  an 
Eastern    journey    which,    if     successfully    accom- 
plished, would  presumably  have  enriched  the  world 
with  a  second  book  no  less  quaint  and  interesting 
than  the  first.    He  did,  indeed,  send  home  a  few 
letters    issued    in    1616    with    the    title    'Thomas 
Coriate  Traveller  for  the  English  Wits:  Greeting 
From  the  Court  of  the  Great  Mogul,  Resident  at 
the  Towne  of  Asmere  in  Easterne  India.'    A  "  very 
temperate  man,"  he  encountered  a  fate  such  as  was 
ascribed  to  Shakespeare,  but  seems  more  appro- 
priate to  Falstaif  or  Friar  John  of  the  Funnells. 
At  Surat,  where  he  was  kindly  used  by  some  of 
the  English,  he  was  given   sack  which   they  had 
imported  from  England.    "Sack,  Sack,"  he  cried, 
"Is   there    such  a   thing   as  Sack?     I  prajr   give 
me  some  Sack."    Drinking  of  it  too  heartily,  he 
"increased  his  Flux  which  he  had  then  upon  him," 
and    left   under    a    small    monument    which    was 
erected   over   him    the   indefatigable    feet   which 
had    walked    so    many    miles,     and    presumably 
the  shoes,  which  had  obtained  a  species  of  im- 
mortality of  their  own.    Of   the  shoes,  at  least, 
in  which  ho  walked  from  Venice  to  London  a  pic- 
ture,  showing  them  strung  together  with   laurel, 
appears  among  the  illustrations  of  the  first  volume. 
Coryate  can  scarcely  be  said  to  have  travelled  i» 
search  of  adventure.  He  is  not  a  very  close  observer, 
and  says  little  concerning  what  occurred  by  the  way,, 
niakes  few  comments  upon  humanity  generally,  and 
is  most  interested  in  the  monuments  he  sees,  the 
mottoes  he  copies,  and  the  learned  men  with  whom 
he  converses.     The  tongue  he  employs  with  the  last 
named  is  ordinarily  Latin  ;   but  Greek  is  no  less 
available  for  purposes  of  conversation,  though  the 
opportunities  for  indulging  in  it  are  naturally  few. 
His  book  is,  indeed,  written  principally  in  the  style 
of  a  guide-book  of  Murray,  Baedeker,  or  Joanne. 
When  he  reaches  Venice,  where  he  spends  most  of 
his  time  and  indulges  in  his  strongest  raptures,  he 
is  more  discursive.     On  the  history  and  the  archi- 
tecture of  the  place  he  expands.  He  gives  admirable 
advice  to  future  travellers  concerning  the  ways  of 
the  gondoliers,  who,  when   they  meet  a  stranger 
ignorant     of     their     language,    judge    for    them- 
selves   where  he    ought  to    go,  and    deposit  hin> 
among    gentry  from   whom  he    does    not    escape, 
except    at    the    cost    of     a    deplenished     purse. 
He   has  much   to  say  concerning    mercenary  fair 
ones,  a  commodity  for  which  Venice  had  long  been 
renowned ;    and    though    he    proffers   much    good 
counsel  he  sets  no  good  example,  since    a    plate 
shows   him   impetuous  in  accost  of    one  of  these 
resplendent    and  dangerous    lures.     By    primitive 
proceedings  which  could  be   witnessed  at  certain 
Swiss    baths    he    is    a    little    amused    and    much 
shocked ;   he  seems  impressed  by  the  costume  of 
the  maids  of  Zurich,  with  two  "  plaited  rowles  of 
haire  over  their    shoulders,   wherein  are   twisted 
ribbons  of  divers    colours  at  the  endes,"  and  he 
observes,   as  surely  Englishmen  have  since  done, 
many  of  the  women  "  to  be  as  beautifull  and  faire 
as  any  I  saw  in    all  my  travels ;    but  I  will  not 
attribute  so  much  to  them  as  to  compare  them  with. 
our  English  women,   whom  I  justly  preferre,  and 
that  without  any  partialitie  of  affection,  before  any 
women  that  I  saw  in  my  travels,  for  an  elegant  and 
most  attractive  natural  beautie."    We  have  read 


in.  APKIL  29,  loos.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


every  line  of  the  work,  and  commend  it  warmly 
to  general  perusal.  Coryate  is  painted  by  A'VVood 
as  a  wag  and  a  chartered  libertine,  and  seems  in 
Court  favour  to  have  anticipated  a  ^  subsequent 
visitor  to  Venice,  Tom  Killigrew.  We  fail  in  his 
portrait  to  trace  the  comic  physiognomy  with 
which  he  is  credited.  Though  a  victim,  it  is 
said,  of  Court  practical  jokes,  he  is  treated  with 
respect  by  Sir  Henry  Wotton  and  other  men  of 
distinction  he  met  on  his  travels.  He  was  the 
friend  of  Ben  Jonson  ("sealed  of  the  tribe  of  Ben") 
and  many  other  writers  of  distinction,  English  and 
foreign.  A  hundred  and  twenty  pages  of  panegyric 
verses  prefixed  to  the  volumes  are  written  in  frolic- 
some style,  and  treat  him  with  some  banter.  Ben 
Jonson  had  set  the  example.  Among  the  names 
of  writers  are  those  of  Drayton,  Donne,  Davies 
of  Hereford,  and  many  others.  The  verses  them- 
selves are  in  Latin,  Greek,  French,  Italian,  Spanish, 
Macaronic,  and  other  dialects.  We  have  noted  for 
comment  scores  of  passages,  facts,  anecdotes,  &c., 
but  space  forbids.  All  the  interesting  plates  of 
the  original  are  reproduced.  Lovers  of  our  old  lite- 
rature and  admirers  of  all  that  is  quaint,  humorous, 
and  interesting  should  make  instant  acquaintance 
with  Thomas  Joryate  of  Odcombe. 

Some  Diftinyuished  Victims  of  the  Scaffold.     By 

Horace  Bleackley.  (Regan  Paul  &  Co.) 
THE  "bold,  bad  men''  and  women  whose  adven- 
tures Mr.  Bleackley  has  extracted  from  '  The  New- 
gate Calendar,'  the  early  magazines,  the  publications 
of  the  Catnach  Press,  and  other  sources  are  all 
British.  Many  of  then),  indeed— such  as  Mary 
Blandy,  the  parricide,  who  stands  first  in  the 
volume,  and  Fauntleroy,  the  forger,  who  comes 
last — have  been  the  recipients  of  special  attention 
in  our  columns.  In  the  case  of  Fauntleroy  we 
ventilated  the  untenable  theory  that  this  noto- 
rious criminal  succeeded  in  escaping  the  gallows, 
and  was  seen  in  many  places  after  his  supposed 
death.  In  addition  to  these  we  have,  under  the 
title  of  '  The  Unfortunate  Brothers,'  an  account  of 
the  case  of  Robert  and  Daniel  Perreau  and  Mar- 
garet Caroline  Rudd,  and,  under  '  The  Keswick 
Impostor,'  that  of  John  Hatfield  and  Mary  of 
Buttermere,  which  is  associated  with  Coleridge. 
'  The  King's  Engraver '  describes  the  fate  of  William 
Wynne  Ryland,  and  'A  Sop  to  Cerberus'  that  of 
Governor  Wall,  executed  for  murderous  cruelty. 
The  stories  of  these  various  criminals,  so  unlike  in 
turpitude,  are  told  in  a  rather  flamboyant  style, 
while  at  the  end  of  each  separate  narrative 
is  supplied  a  bibliography  of  the  case.  No 
fewer  than  twenty-one  illustrations  of  varying 
interest  and  value  are  furnished,  the  frontispiece 
consisting  of  a  reproduction  of  Hogarth's  'Execu- 
tion of  the  Idle  Apprentice.'  There  are  three 
portraits  of  Mary  of  Buttermere,  otherwise  the 
Beauty  of  Buttermere.  It  will  be  seen  that  all  the 
likenesses  given  are  not  those  of  malefactors,  other- 
•yise  we  should  be  puzzled  to  account  for  Angelica 
Kauffman  and  others.  George  III.,  indeed,  appears, 
for  no  other  reason  that  we  can  see  than  the 
reluctance  he  exhibited  to  extend  pardon,  whatever 
pressure  might  be  put  upon  him.  For  this  he  is 
more  than  once  rebuked  by  our  author.  In  the  case 
of  the  Perreaus  some  mercy  might  have  been  ex- 
tended ;  but  the  views  in  that  day  were  different 
from  those  which  now  prevail.  It  is  superfluous  to 
say  that  in  these  days  Mary  Blandy  would  have 
escaped  punishment.  In  spite  of  her  pretence  that 


she  took  for  a  love  philtre  the  poison  she  adminis~ 
tered,  the  proofs  of  her  guilt  seem  insurmountable. 
The  one  thing  pathetic  about  the  business  is  the 
father's  pity  and  forgiveness,  and  his  endeavour  to- 
prevent  his  child  from  incriminating  herself.  The- 
book,  which  treats  only  of  criminals  of  some- 
position,  may  be  read  with  interest  by  those  who- 
care  for  such  stories  or  investigations. 

The  New  Universal  Library. — Lessintfs  Laocoon* 
Translated  by  Sir  Robert  Phillimore. — Essays  by 
George  Brimley.  Edited  by  W.  G.  Clark.— Aids 
to_  Reflection.  By  Samuel  Taylor  Coleridge.  Re- 
vised by  Thomas  Fen  by. — Jeffreys  Essays  from  the 
Edinburgh  Review  and  English  Poets  and  Poetry. 
— Dissertations  and  Discussions.  By  J.  S.  Mill. 
(Routledge  &  Sons.) 

WE  have  already  noticed  the  inclusion  in  this 
"New  Universal  Library"  of  Messrs.  Routledge 
&  Sons  of  Palgrave's  '  Golden  Treasury '  and 
'Poems  of  Sir  Lewis  Morris.'  The  additions  to- 
this  broaden  greatly  the  scope  of  the  series.  First 
comes,  in  an  excellent  translation,  the  'Lapcoon' 
of  Lessing,  perhaps  the  finest  contribution  to 
criticism  of  German  thought,  a  work  which,  with 
the  '  Dramaturgy  of  Hamburg'  and  Goethe's  'Con- 
versations with  Eckermann,'  is  of  undying  interest 
to  the  student.  A  reprint  of  Coleridge's  philo- 
sophical works  begins  with  the  'Aids  to  Reflec- 
tion.' Sight  has  been  lost,  by  the  majority  of 
students,  of  Brimley 's  '  Essays,'  which,  however, 
deserved  to  be  revived.  That  on  Tennyson,  with, 
which  the  volume  opens,  is  of  singular  interest. 
Mill's  '  Dissertations  and  Discussions '  illustrate- 
his  well  -  known  political  views,  but  are  also 
interesting  from  the  light  they  throw  upon  his- 
aesthetic  opinions,  subjects  on  which,  to  those 
who,  like  ourselves,  knew  him,  he  was  less  wont 
to  expand.  Jeffrey's  criticisms  from  The  Edin- 
burgh Review  carry  us  back  to  the  days  of  '  English 
Bards  and  Scotch  Reviewers.'  This  interesting, 
series  of  reprints  will  not  be  less  valuable  to  the 
modern  reader  for  representing  the  intellectual 
development  of  the  middle  of  the  last  century. 
The  volumes  are  generally  accompanied  by  illus- 
trations, notes,  indexes,  and  the  like,  and  constitute 
a  series  which  appeals  directly  to  those  interested 
in  the  growth  and  progress  of  the  literature  of 
early  Victorian  times.  The  series  is  warmly  to  b& 
recommended.  Many  other  important  works  are^ 
promised. 

Worcestershire  Place-names.     By  W.  H.  Duignan.. 

(Frowde.) 

WIIEN  Mr.  Duignan's  previous  book  on  '  Stafford- 
shire Place-names'  appeared  we  were  able  to  give 
it  our  hearty  approval  as  a  work  characterized  by 
the  modern  spirit  of  careful  research,  and  laudably 
free  from  the  guesswork  which  too  long  was  ram- 
pant when  the  origin  of  place-names  was  discussed. 
The  patient  historical  method  of  research,  essential 
in  all  etymological  investigation,  is  here  of  para- 
mount importance.  As  the  author  very  justly 
observes,  "there  is  no  etymology  without  history, 
and  modern  forms  alone  yield  poor  material  for 
construction."  The  writer  who  would  venture  to 
interpret  such  names  as  Hungry  Hill,  near  Stour- 
bridge,  and  Lightwood  in  Cotheridge,  without  an 
eye  on  their  primitive  forms  would  be  sure  to  come 
to  rash  conclusions. 

Among  other  interesting  points  brought  to  light 
by  Mr.  Duignan's  researches  is  the  fact  that  a  large 


340 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [io*  s.  in.  APRIL  29, 1005. 


number  of  ,place-names  are  founded  on  personal 
names,  and  preserve  the  memory  of  some  Anglo- 
Saxon  proprietor.  Thus  the  Cotswolds  were,  once 
on  a  time,  the  wolds  belonging  to  one  Code  or 
•Godd ;  Tewkesbury  was  originally  the  bury  or 
borough  of  one  Teodec,  the  same,  probably,  whose 
ley  or  pasture  is  still  called  Teddesley.  Similarly 
Alston  was  once  ^Elfsiges-tun,  and  Alton  was 
Alvin's-  or  ^Elfwine's-tun.  On  the  other  hand, 
many  of  the  names  of  places  here  given  have  become 
famous  from  being  adopted  as  personal  names  or 
surnames.  Such  are  Bentley,  Moseley,  Prescott, 
Throckmorton,  Walcot,  and  others.  With  refer- 
ence to  Fiddle,  the  name  of  a  stream,  which  Mr. 
Duignan  equates,  no  doubt  rightly,  with  the  Dorset 
word  puddle,  a  stream,  a  little  pudd,  we  may  re- 
mind him  that  a  small  river  which  formerly  flowed 
through  the  slums  of  Dublin,  but  is  now,  like  the 
London  Fleet,  covered  over,  used  to  be  called  the 
Peddle.  We  trust  he  will  feel  encouraged  by 
the  success  of  this  and  his  previous  effort  to  deal 
with  the  nomenclature  of  the  neighbouring  counties. 

A.n  Account  of  the  Charities  and  Charitable  Bene- 
factions of  Braintree.  By  Herbert  John  Cun- 
nington.  (Stock.) 

MR.  CUNNINGTON  has  become  one  of  the  benefactors 
•of  the  town  of  Braintree  by  compiling  a  book  which 
-ought  to  be  of  interest  to  all  the  inhabitants. 
Braintree  had  many  small  charities,  and  there,  as 
•elsewhere,  some  have  lapsed  through  the  careless- 
ness of  those  who  were  their  official  guardians. 
•Some  of  these  belong  exclusively  to  the  Established 
Church,  and  remain,  as  heretofore,  under  the 
.guardianship  of  the  ecclesiastical  authorities;  the 
others  have  been,  for  the  most  part,  amalgamated 
by  direction  of  the  Charity  Commission,  and  by  the 
Local  Government  Act  of  1894  the  Charity  Com- 
mission was  empowered  to  vest  them  in  eleven 
trustees.  Mr.  Cunnington  has  given  accounts  not 
only  of  the  origin  of  the  existing  charities,  but 
also  of  such  ancient  charities  as  he  can  find  traces 
of  which  have  been  expended  or  lost.  For  example, 
there  were  in  1571  three  cottages  called  Alms 
Houses  adjoining  Hygnes  Croft,  alias  Gallow 
Croft,  of  which  there  is  now  no  trace.  The  place 
where  hangings  had  aforetime  taken  place  had 
probably  become,  in  the  estimation  of  the  towns- 
men, an  evil  place,  a  no  man's  land  or  devil's  acre, 
which  it  would  have  been  unlucky  to  devote  to 
secular  purposes,  therefore  it  was  given  in  charity 
to  the  poor.  In  1613  Thomas  Bredge  gave  to  the 
poor  51.  towards  a  stock  to  provide  them  with 
wood.  Mr.  Cunnington  thinks  this  person  was  the 
father  of  John  Bredge,  who  left  England  in  1631, 
•and  became  a  prominent  person  in  the  history  of 
the  commonwealth  of  Massachusetts,  and  of  whom 
•there  is  a  statue  at  Harvard.  The  author  not 
only  gives  details  of  the  charities  now  in  existence, 
but,  when  evidence  was  forthcoming,  a  sketch  of 
the  lives  of  their  founders.  This  is  a  direct  gain, 
as  it  will  preserve  knowledge  that  might  otherwise 
perish,  and  furnish  a  starting-point  for  further 
investigation. 

In  1665-6  Braintree  suffered  terribly  from  the 
plague.  We  have  no  means  of  making  even  a 
irough  estimate  of  what  was  the  number  of  the 
population  at  that  date,  but  there  were  probably 
few  places  in  England  where  the  death-rate  can 
have  been  higher.  There  is  preserved  a  list  of 
deaths  and  recoveries  from  this  pestilence,  which, 
though  not  strictly  relating  to  the  subject  in  hand, 


Mr.  Cunnington  has  wisely  given.  There  were  665 
deaths,  and  but  22  recoveries.  Their  richer  neigh- 
bours were  not  unmindful  of  the  duty  of  rendering 
help  to  the  suffering  community.  The  Earl  of 
Warwick  gave  two  bullocks  every  week  during  the 
time  of  the  sickness,  and  the  doctor  and  apothecary 
121.  for  their  services.  His  servants  also  contri- 
buted 201.  We  think  servant  must  be  understood 
here  in  the  older  as  well  as  the  more  modern  sense. 
Lord  Maynard  contributed  thirty  sheep  and  1W., 
and  the  inhabitants  of  Coxell  '331. 

On  the  Study  of  Words. — English  Past  and  Present. 
By  R.  C.  Trench,  D.D.  Edited,  with  Emenda- 
tions, by  A.  Smythe  Palmer,  D.D.  (Routledge  & 
Sons.) 

THESE  works  of  Abp.  Trench,  which  constituted  our 
own  introduction  into  the  pleasant  land  of  philology, 
have  gone  out  of  copyright  and  to  some  extent  out  of 
date.  With  a  view  to  their  reappearance  in  a  more 
useful  and  authoritative  shape,  they  have  been 
placed  in  the  hands  of  Dr.  Smythe  Palmer,  one  of 
the  most  erudite  and  trustworthy  of  modern  autho- 
rities, who,  while  treating  them  with  due  reverence, 
has  brought  them  up  to  date.  The  perusal  of  these 
works  in  their  new  form  will  be  a  matter  of  edifica- 
tion as  well  as  of  delight.  They  are  now,  moreover, 
issued  in  so  cheap  a  form  that  the  man  who  can 
afford  to  buy  any  books  at  all  may  hope  to  possess 
them. 

Utoikea  to  Cm*»#j<w&jw:ts. 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 
put  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
heading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "Duplicate." 

H.  B.  CLAYTON  ("  Shakespeare's  Brother"). — The 
fact  that  Shakespeare's  younger  brother  Edmond 
is  buried  in  St.  Saviour's,  Southwark,  is  men- 
tioned in  Hare's  '  Walks  in  London,'  i.  336,  wherein 
the  following  extract  from  the  register  appears: 
"  Edmond  Shakspear,  player,  buried  in  ye  church, 
with  a  forenoone  knell  of  the  great  bell,  20s." 

MEDICCLUS  ("  Rubbing  with  hand  of  a  corpse" 
—Discussed  fully  at  9*  S.  iii.  68,  172,  294  ;  viii.  483 
ix.  34. 

NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries '"—Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "The  Pub- 
lisher"— at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  E.G. 

We  beg  leave  to  state  that  we  decline  to  return 
communications  which,  for  any  reason,  we  do  not 
print ;  and  to  this  rule  we  can  make  no  exception. 


io»  s.  HI.  APML  M,I«BO     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

THE    ATHENJEUM 

JOURNAL  OF  ENGLISH  AND  FOREIGN  LITERATURE,  SCIENCE, 
THE  FINE  ARTS,  MUSIC,  AND  THE  DRAMA. 


THIS  WEEK'S  ATHEKSJUM  contains  Articles  on 

A  MODERN  UTOPIA.  GREEK  THINKERS. 

CATHERINE  de  MEDICI  and  the  FRENCH  REFORMATION. 

JERUSALEM  under  the  HIGfH  PRIESTS. 

EARLY  DUTCH  and  ENGLISH  VOYAGERS  to  SPITZBERGEN  in  the  SEVENTEENTH  CENTURY. 

BLOOMSBURY.  DUKE'S  SON.  BARTRAM  of  BELTANA.  BEVERLEY  of  GRAUSTARK. 
CONSTANCE  WEST.  The  KNIGHT  of  the  NEEDLE  ROCK.  A  DREAMER'S  HARVEST. 

NAPOLEONIC  LITERATURE.        KNOX  and  the  REFORMATION. 

DANTE  LITERATURE.  MEDIAEVAL  LITERATURE. 

The  GOVERNMENT  of  GREATER  BRITAIN.  The  STATESMAN'S  YEAR-BOOK  for  1905. 
CANADA  as  IT  IS.  The  REVIEW  of  HISTORICAL  PUBLICATIONS  RELATING  to  CANADA. 
La  TROISJE51E  JEUNESSE  de  MADAME  PRUNE.  JEREMY  BENTHAM :  his  Life  and 
Work.  The  OUTDOOR  HANDYBOOK.  WHAT  is  HISTORY?  GROWTH  of  ENGLISH 
INDUSTRY  and  COMMERCE  in  the  MIDDLE  AGES.  The  GOSPELS  of  ST.  MATTHEW  and 
ST.  JOHN  and  JULIANA.  REPRINTS.  F.  T.  RICHARDS.  CROMWELL  and  the  IRISH 
PRISONERS.  BELCEPHON  and  ASMENOTH.  JUAN  VALERA.  The  SCOTT  SALE. 

The  HISTORY  of  the  SOCIETY  of  APOTHECARIES. 

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•Wiili  Introduction  by  JOSEPH  KNIGHT,  F.S.A. 

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10*  s.  in.  MAY  6, 1905.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


341 


LONDON,  SATCUDAY,  MAY  6.  1905. 


CONTENTS.— No.  71. 

NOTBS:—  The  Van  Sypestin  Manuscripts,  341  — 'Capt. 
Thomas  Stukeley,'  342 -Residence  Dinners  in  Durham 
343-John  Aleyn,  Law  Reporter-May  Day  :  Two  Poetical 
Tracts— Good  Friday  Custom  at  Bow— Dollis  Hill,  Willes- 
den  344—"  Shicer"  and  "  Shicker"— St.  Mark  and  Judas 
—"Hooligan"— Sheridan's  'Critic'— Po«t  Laureate  read 
at  the  Head  of  Troops,  3-to  —  Gu»tavus  Adolphus  and 
Tycho's  Star  —  Medieval  Clothing  -  Czech  Language- 
Henry  Travers,  346. 

OUBRIBS — Russians  and  Japanese  — Guinea  Balances— 
Whaler  or  Wheeler  Family— Embassy  Buildings— "  Vas- 
tern  "—Rowley,  317  —  Longman,  Barrel-Organ  Builder- 
Weighing -Machine  Wisdom  —  Sanderson  of  Wigtoii  — 
"  Blanched  "— Agnew=StaveIey-Unmarried  Lady's  Coat 
of  Arms— Picking  up  Scraps  of  Iron— Apothecaries  Hall 
in  Scotland-Blind  Man  at  Oxford,  348 -The  Brent .as  a 
Waterway  —  Norman  Inicriptions  in  Yorkshire  —  Hem- 
ming=Stevens  —  John  Chattock  —  Fanshawe  :  Boswell : 
Young,  349. 

EBPLIKS  :-Diving-Bell.  349  —  To-day  :  To-morrow,  350— 
Twitchel -Armorial  —  Queen's  Surname,  351  — Weather- 
cock-Sadler's Wells  Play  :  Beauty  of  Buttermere— '  The 
Lass  of  Richmond  Hill'— ShacMewell,  352— Rocque's  and 
Horwood's  Maps  of  London  —  Colosseum  v.  Coliseum- 
Lines  on  a  Mug,  353— Christopher  Smart  and  the  Mad- 
house—Masons' Marks-Epigram  on  a  Rose,  354-Local 
Government  Records -Theatre,  Parkgate,  355  —  Rogest- 
vensky  — Cockade —  Satan's  Autograph,  356  — Twins  — 
Mr.  Moxhay— Irish  Folk-lore,  357. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  : -Lang's  'Aucassin  and  Nicolete '— 
Reviews  and  Magazines. 

Obituary  :—  Mr.  J.  A.  C.  Vincent. 

Booksellers'  Catalogues. 

Notices  to  Correspondents.  


THE    VAN    SYPESTIN    MANUSCRIPTS. 

WHEN  I  drew  up  my  'Catalogues  of  English 
Book  Sales,'  printed  in  9th  S.  v.  429  and  sub- 
sequent numbers,  one  of  the  entries,  which 
involved  me  in  a  great  amount  of  trouble 
without  any  result,  was  that  of  "  Manuscripts 
and  Hist.  Documents,  1825,  May  20  and  6 
days,  S."  (9th  S.  vi.  83).  I  made  every  possible 
attempt  to  identify  the  owner,  but  failed. 
The  collection  was  of  considerable  literary 
and  historic  interest,  but  not,  apparently,  of 
sufficient  general  importance  to  attract  the 
notice  of  the  newspapers  of  the  day.  I 
possess  several  copies  of  the  sale  catalogue, 
and  came  across  another  a  few  days  ago  at 
Mr.  B.  Dobell's  shop.  It  was  not  only  fully 
priced  with  names  of  purchasers,  but  was 
Dawson  Turner's  fine-paper  copy,  with  hi$ 
autograph  signature  and  date  on  one  of  the 
leaves.  But  most  important  of  all  was  a 
long  autograph  inscription  by  Dawson  Turner 
referring  to  the  collection,  its  owner,  and  the 
public  sale.  This  inscription  is  well  worth 
printing,  as  it  clears  up  a  mystery  which  has 
for  years  puzzled  me  : — 

"  Some  time  previously  to  the  sale  of  these  papers 
Mr.  Sotheby  told  rue  that  he  had  it  from  M.  Van 


Sypestin  himself,  the  proprietor  of  them,  that  thoy 
ame  into  his  hands  at  the  time  when  the  Napoleon 
lynasty  ascended  the  throne  of  Holland  —  that 
hey  were  then,  with  many  others  of  the  same 
lescription,  turned  out  of  the  palace,  and  that  he 
purchased  them  for  4  or  5  ducats,  and  afterwards 
teptthem  private  lest  the  government  should  claim 
vhat  was  manifestly  their  property,  and  he  should 
>e  brought  into  trouble.  But  at  the  time  of  the 
auction  Baron  Falck,  the  Dutch  ambassador,  told 
me  a  different  story,— that  they  belonged  to  the 
Government  of  the  Netherlands  and  had  been 
stolen  from  them,  there  could,  he  said,  be  no  doubt; 
but  he  was  convinced  that  the  theft  had  taken 
)lace  at  a  period  far  anterior  to  that  assigned  by 

.  Van  Sypestin,  for  he  knew  that  they  had  been 
the  possession  of  that  gentleman's  father  and 
grandfather,  who  kept  them  in  a  garret,  partly 
jerhaps  from  a  wish  not  to  have  their  existence 
tnown,  but  more  from  considering  them  of  no 
value.  Baron  Falck  added  that  the  present  M. 
Van  Sypestin  was  induced  to  bring  them  from 
iheir  obscurity,  having  heard  that  such  papers 
nad  sold  in  England  for  a_  considerable  sum  of 
money,  and  being  a  man  with  a  large  family  and 
small  property,  and  that,  on  his  intention  being 
snown,  the  King  of  the  Netherlands  offered  him 
48,000  florins  for  them,  but  he  asked  60,000. 
This  was  refused  on  the  part  of  the  king.  Accord- 
ingly M.  V.  S.  [M.  Van  Sypestin]  sent  them  to  Mr. 
Christie,  and  afterwards  to  Mr.  Sotheby.  The 
result  of  the  sale  sadly  belied  his  expectations. 
The  gross  produce  was  less  than  2,000^.,  and  from 
this  were  to  be  deducted  very  heavy  charges,  not 
only  on  the  part  of  Mr.  Sotheby.  but  attendant  on 
journeys  to  England  made  by  M.  V.  S.  on  that 
account. 

"Tome  the  sale  was  a  very  interesting  one:  it 
enabled  me  to  form  a  tolerably  correct  idea  of  the 
value  of  my  own  collection  of  autographs  ;  and  this 
value  is  certainly  far  below  what  I  had  supposed 
before.  The  sale,  though  advertised  long  and 
sedulously,  attracted  very  little  attention.  Even 
on  the  first  day,  by  far  the  most  interesting,  there 
were  at  no  time  more  than  15  persons  in  the  room, 
and  of  these  15  not  above  6  were  bidders.  On  suc- 
ceeding days,  I  seldom  saw  more  than  5  or  6  present. 
Two  persons  only,  Mr-  Falck  and  Mr.  Anderdon 
(represented  by  Mr.  Thorpe),  were  the  buyers  at 
largo  prices :  had  it  not  been  for  them,  the  whole 
would  not  have  brought  500/.  Thus,  the  letters  of 
Hen.  IV.,  which  fetched  78  guineas,  would,  but  for 
such  competition,  have  gone  for  20.  The  most  extra- 
ordinary event  of  the  whole  sale  was  the  price 
brought  by  a  short  note  of  Archbishop  Usher's, 
only  7  lines  of  no  interest.  Mr.  Anderdon  wanted 
it,  and  Longman  had  sent  a  commission  for  it  to  be 
bought — 'coute  qu'il  coute.'  They  had  it  for  81.  10*. 
The  10.->'.  alone  would  have  been  a  high  price  for  it. 
-D.  T.,  1825." 

It  will  be  seen,  therefore,  that  Dawson 
Turner's  most  interesting  note  reveals  not 
only  the  name  of  the  owner  of  these  MSS., 
but  contains  acceptable  comments  on  the  sale 
itself.  The  auctioneer's  copy  of  the  cata- 
logue, with  prices  and  names,  will  be  found 
in  the  Sotheby  set  at  the  British  Museum 
(Newspaper  Room).  W.  ROBERTS. 

47,  Lansdowne  Gardens,  Clapham,  S.W. 


342 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  m.  MAY  6,  igos. 


<CAPT.    THOMAS    STUKELEY.' 

(See  ante,  p.  301.) 

I  GIVE  in  extenso  the  scene  to  which  I  have 
referred,  premising  that  in  it  Fletcher  was 
evidently  working  on  an  older  scene,  scraps 
of  which  probably  remain  in  Old  Stukeley's 
ninth  speech  and  elsewhere.  In  Simpson,  as 
doubtless  in  the  quarto,  which  1  have  no 
means  of  consulting,  some  verse  is  printed  as 
prose,  and  the  divisions  of  the  lines  are  not 
always  correct.  These  errors  I  have  ventured 
to  remedy.  The  Page's  seventh  speech, 
which  perhaps  contains  some  older  work, 
may  be  prose,  as  in  Simpson.  I  give  it  as 
verse.  The  speakers  are  Stukeley's  Page 
(  =  P),  Stukeley  (  =  S),  and  his  father  (  =  F), 
another  character,  Newton,  who  accompanied 
Old  Stukeley  to  the  door  of  his  son's 
chamber,  having  been  unceremoniously 
dropped  or  forgotten  by  either  the  original 
writer  or  the  reviser,  or  by  both.  I  have 
italicized  the  instances  of  the  obviously 
deliberate  over-syllable  so  characteristic  of 
Fletcher,  and  also  every  case  of  more  than 
one  syllable  following  the  final  accented 
syllable. 

P.  Who  calls  there? 

Gods  me,  my  master's  father  !  Now,  my  master, 
He's  at  the  tabling-house,  too  !  What  the  devil 
Makes  this  old  crack-breech  here  now  ?  How  the 

pox 
Stumbled  he  hither  !— God  save  your  worship  ! 

F.  How  now,  boy  ? 

Where's  your  master? 

P.  He  is  not  come  from  dinner,  sir. 

F.  How  !  not  from  dinner?  'Tis  past  dinner-time 
I'  th'  hall  an  hour  ago.  Hark  ye,  sirrah,  tell  me  true  : 
Is  he  in  commonds  ?  Tell  me  not  a  lie  now. 

P.  What  shall  I  do  ?    1  'm  in  a  pitiful  case. 
A  pox  on  him  for  an  old  scand-pouch  !    If  he  take 

me  with  a  lie  note, 
By    this   flesh   and   blood,  he'll    whip    me    most 

\ierniciously  i 
If  I  should  say  he  is  in  commonds,  and  he  prove  it 

not  so, 

By  this  light,  he  '11  pepper  me  !     Faith,  I  '11  tell 
truth. 

F.  Sirrah,  why  speak  you  not  ? 

P.  I  think  he  be  not 

In  commonds,  air. 

F.  Where  dines  he? 

P.  At  Palmer's  ordinary. 

F.  Your  master  is  an  ordinary  student ! 

P.  Indeed,  sir,  he  studies  very  extraordinarily. 

F.  And  you  the  rope  ripe  ordinarily. 
I  sent  him  money  to  provide  him  books. 

P.  See,  see  !  the  devil  ought  (—owed)  my  master 

a  shame, 

And  now  he  has  paid  him  !    He  had  ne'er  so  much 
Grace  as  to  buy  him  a  key  to  his  study  door. 
If  he  have  e'er  a  book  there  but  old  hacked  swords, 
As  foxes,  bilboes,  and  horn-buckles,  I  am  an  infidel! 
I  cannot  tell  what  to  do.     1  '11  devise  some  'scuse. 

F.  Sirrah,  hear  ye  me :  give  me  the  key  of  his 
study. 

P.  Sir,  he  ever  carries  it  about  him. 


F.  How !  let  me  see :  methinks  the  door  stands- 

open. 
P.  A  plague  on 't !  he  hath  found  it !    I  was  not 

'ware,  sir.    Belike 
He'd  thought  he  had  locked  it,  and  turned  the  key 

too  short. — 

Now  we  shall  see  this  old  cutter  play  his  part ; 
For  in  faith  he's  furnished  with  all  kindsof  weapons. 
F.  What!  be  these  my  son's  books?    I  promise- 


you, 


A  study  richly  furnished  !    Well  said  (=done),  Tom 
Stukeley  ! 

Here,  gallows-clapper  !   here.    Be  these  your  mas- 
ter s  books  ? 

For  Littleton,  Stamford,  and  Burke,  here's  long- 
sword,  short-sword,  and  buckler ; 

But  all 's  for  the  bar  ;  yet  I  had  meant  to  have  my 
son 

A  barrister,  not  a  barrator ;  but  I  see 

He  means  not  to  trouble  the  law.    I  pray  God  the- 
law 

Trouble  not  him.    Sirrah  Halter-sack  ! 
P.  Sir? 

F.  Where  is  this  towardly  youth,  your  master  ? 

This  lawyer,  this  lawyer,  1  would  fain  see  him  : 

His  learned  mastership,  where  is  he? 
P.  It  will  not  belong  before  he  comes,  sir. — 

If  he  be  not  curst  in  's  mother's  belly, 

He'll  keep  him  out  of  the  way.    1  would  I  were 
with  .him  too  ; 

For  I  shall  have  a  baiting  worse  than  a  hanging. 
F.  If  he  have  so  much  as  a  candstick,  I  am  a 
traitor, 

But  an  old  hilt  of  a  broken  sword  to  set  his  light  in  I" 

Not  a  standish,  as  I  am  a  man,  but  the  bottom 

Of  a  Temple  pot,  with  a  little  old  sarsnet  in  it ! 

Here's  a  fellow  like  to  prove  a  lawyer, 

If  sword  and  buckler  hold  ! 

Enter  STUKELEY. 
S.  Boy,  has  Dick  Blackstone  sent  home  my  new 

buckler? 
Rogue,  why  stirs  thou  not  ?    What  a  gaping  keep 

you? 
P.  A  pox  on 't !  my  old  master  is  here.    Y"ou  '11 

ha 't,  f  faith. 

S.  How  long  has  he  been  here,  rogue  ? 
P.  This  two  hours. 

S.  Zounds !  he  has  been  taking  an  inventory  of 

my  household  stuff: 
All  my  bravery  lies  about  the  floor. 
F.  O,  thou  graceless  boy  !  how  dost  thou  bestow 

thy  time  ? 

S.  Your  blessing,  good  father.  [Kneels. 

F.  0,  thou  blessed  boy  !  thou  vild,  lewd  unthrift  t 
S.  How    does     my    mother,    sir,    and    all    in 

Hampshire? 

F.  The  worse  to  hear  of  thy  demeanor  here. 
S.  I  am  glad  to  hear  of  their  good  health.     God' 

continue  it! 

F.  Thou  graceless  rake-hell !  and  is  all  my  cost 
This  five  years'  space  here  for  thy  maintenance 
Spent  in  this  sort,  thou  lewd,  misordered  villain? 

S.  Sir,  I  am  glad  to  see  you  look  so  well. 
I  promise  you,  it  joys  me  at  the  heart. 
Boy,  bring  the  chair,  and  let  my  father  sit ; 
And,  if  old  Master  Provye  be  within, 
I'll  call  him,  sir,  to  bear  you  company. 
F.  Ay,  ay  :  thou  carest  not  how  thou  stop'st  my 

mouth, 

So  that  thou  hear'st  not  of  thy  villainy. 
It  is  no  marvel,  though,  you  write  so  oft 


m.  MAY e,  iocs.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


34$ 


For  several  sums  to  furnish  you  with  books. 
Believe  me,  sir,  your  study  "s  richly  furnisht. 

S.  This  villain  boy  ne'er  dresses  up  the  chamber. 
I  pray  thee,  put  these  things  out  of  the  way. 

F.  I  would  I  could  cast  thee  out  of  the  way ; 
And  so  I  should  not  see  my  shameless  son. 
Be  these  the  books,  sir,  that  you  look  upon  ? 

S.  Father,  this  is  as  right  a  fox  as  e'er  you  saw, 
And 's  been  as  soundly  tried  as  any  blade  in  England. 
F.  I  trust  you'll  make  me  account,  sir,  of  my 

money. 

S,  Indeed,  sir,  he  does  rascand  very  fast  i'th'  hilts, 
And  is  a  little  crooked  at  the  point. 

F.  Tom  Stukely,  what  a  shame  is  this  for  thee, 
To  see  so  many  of  thy  countrymen 
Of  whom  the  world  did  ne'er  expect  thy  hopes 
So  forward  and  so  towardly  to  the  law, 
And  thou,  whose  infancies  did  flatter  nie 
With  expectation  of  so  many  goods, 
To  prove  a  very  changeling  and  to  follow 
These  ruffianly  and  vile  disordered  courses. 

S.  Nay,  hark  you,  father,  I  pray  you  be  content : 
I  've  done  my  good  will,  but  it  will  not  do. 
John  a  Nokes  and  John  a  Style  and  I  cannot  cotton. 
O,  this  law-French  is  worse  thanbutter'd  mackerell, 
Full  o'  bones,  full  o'  bones.    It  sticks  here :  'twill 

not  down. 

Aurum  potdbile  will  not  get  it  down. 
My  grandfather  bestowed  as  much  of  you 
As  you  have  done  of  me ;  but,  of  my  conscience, 
You  were,  as  I  am,  a  true  man  to  the  house  : 
You  took  nothing  away  with  you. 

F.  0,  had  thy  grandsire  been  as  kind  to  me 
As  I  have  been  to  thee,  thou  vild,  lewd  unthrift, 
I  had  done  well ! 
S.  Nay,  so  you  do,  God  be  thank'd !    But,  hark 

you,  father, 

There  is  a  nearer  way  to  the  wood  than  all  this — 
A  nearer  cut  than  scratching  for  things  out 
Of  a  standish  all  a  man's  life — which  I  have 
Found  out ;  and,  if  you'll  stick  to  me,  I  doubt  not 
But  you  shall  think  I  have  bestowed  my  time  well. 
And  this  it  is  :  I  am  in  possibility 
To  marry  Alderman  Curtis's  daughter. 
Now,  father,  if  you  will  open  the  bag_pf  your  affec- 
tion, 

And  speak  but  a  few  good  words  for  me 
To  the  old  alderman,  she  's  mine,  horse  and  foot. 
F.  But  with  what  colour  can  I  speak  for  thee, 
Being  so  lewd  and  prodigal  a  spendthrift  ? 
A  common  quarreller — with  shame  I  speak  it, 
That  I  dare  scarcely  own  thee  with  my  credit ! 
S-  Peace,  good  father  !  no  more  of  that :  stick  to 

me  once. 
If  you  will  but  tickle  the  old  fellow  in  the  ear,  look 

yon, 

With  a  certain  word  called  a  jointure, 
Ha  !  that  same  jointure  and  a  proper  man 
Withal,  as  1  am,  will  draw  you  on  a  wench, 
As  a  squirrel's  skin  will  draw  on  a  Spanish  shoe. 

F.  Now,  afore  God,  Tom  Stukeley, 
Thy  riots  are  so  notorious  in  the  city 
As  I  am  much  afraid  the  alderman 
Will  not  be  wrought  to  yield  unto  the  match. 
S.  Ay,    father,  this  is   certain  ;    but  all  that 's 

nothing. 

I  have  the  wench's  good  will  ;  and  he  must  yield, 
Spite  of  his  heart.    She's  worth  forty  thousand 

pound. 

O,  father,  this  is  the  right  philosopher's  stone — 
True  multiplication,  I  have  found  it ! 


F.  Well,  sirrah,  come,  and  go  with  me  to  supper^. 
Whither  I  '11  send  for  a  friend  or  two  of  mine, 
And  take  their  better  counsels  in  the  matter. 

S.  I  pray  you  let  it  be  so. — Sirrah  boy, 
Lock  the  door,  and  bring  my  sword. 

P.  1  will,  sir. 

It  may  be  pointed  out  that  more  than  one- 
line  (e.ff.,  the  last)  is  trochaic  (such  lines- 
being  frequent  enough  in  Fletcher) ;  and  ib- 
may  perhaps  be  advisable  to  remark  that  in 
the  line 

"How  long  has  he  been  here,  rogue?" — "This  two 
hours," 

"  here  "  is  a  dissyllable,  as  it  very  commonly 
is  with  the  poets  of  that  period. 

E.  H.  C.  O. 
New  South  Wales. 

(To  be  continued.) 


RESIDENCE  DINNERS  IN  DURHAM.  (See- 
ante,  p.  1.) — Since  I  wrote  the  above  note  I 
have  gathered  a  few  further  particulars  from 
two  ladies  whose  father  was  one  of  the  old' 
Prebendaries,  and  whose  recollections  of  the- 
residence  dinners  are  very  distinct.  They 
confirm  what  I  had  gathered  before,  but 
supplement  those  particulars  as  follows.. 
During  the  twenty-one  days  of  residence,. 
Tuesdays  and  Thursdays  were  the  days  for 
personal  friends.  The  Mayor  and  Corpora- 
tion came  on  some  other  day,  and  the  Minor 
Canons,  &c.,  on  another.  There  would  always 
be  one  or  two  Residentiary  Canons  besides 
the  entertainer  at  all  the  above  dinners.  The- 
principal  tradesmen  and  the  singing  men 
had  a  dinner  together  at  2  P.M.  (see  p.  1),  and; 
the  King's  Scholars  one  on  another  day  at 
the  same  hour.  Once  during  each  residence 
the  old  widows  had  lunch  in  the  servants' 
hall  at  12  o'clock  (see  above,  p.  2).  But  my 
informants  do  not  remember  anything  about 
clay  pipes,  only  the  hot  spiced  ale  in  the 
grace-cups.  The  grace-cup  went  round  after 
all  residence  dinners,  and  each  King's 
Scholar  as  he  drank  stood  and  said  "Church- 
Queen-Bishop-Dean-Residentiary,"  rattling 
off  the  words  as  fast  as  he  could.  The  grace 
was  always  said  by  a  chorister  at  all  dinners 
during  residence,  whether  public  or  private, 
and  a  different  portion  of  the  119th  Psalm- 
was  said  each  day  by  a  different  chorister, 
so  that  most  of  the  twenty-two  portions  were 
said  during  the  twenty-one  days,  and  each 
chorister  got  his  turn.  There  was  a  drop  of 
a  minor  third  at  the  last  syllable  of  the 
psalm  and  of  the  response.  One  of  my  in- 
formants writes  : — 

"The  choristers'  gown  was  chocolate  brown  bor- 
dered with  a  bright  gold-coloured  silk  braid.  Ifc 
was  a  loose  garment,  made  of  medium  size,  so  that 
the  little  fellows  tucked  it  up  under  each  arm  as- 


344 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  in.  MAY  6, 1905. 


•they  read ;  the  big  ones  showed  a  bit  of  leg  at  the 
bottom.  I  think  in  our  day  the  wearing  silk  gowns 
and  bands  (by  the  Prebendaries,  at  dinner)  was 
becoming  optional.  I  am  sure  I  remember  Dr. 
Townsend's  voluminous  appearance  at  his  prebendal 

dinners Mr.  F,   must  not  forget  the  Residence 

•possets,  which  alternated  with  jellies  in  glasses  on 
the  two-tiered  glass  stands,  and  were  de  rigueur  at 
all  residence  parties  (two  of  them).  The  possets 
were  very  good,  but  not  meant  for  total  abstainers." 

The  choristers  then  wore  throughout  the  day 
a  livery  of  brown  faced  with  scarlet,  shown 
In  a  picture  now  at  the  Chapter  Library  as 
.appearing  above  the  tops  of  the  surplices.* 

The  grace-cups  are  sometimes  said  to  have 
been  given  by  Bishop  Cosin,  but  this  is  pro- 
bably a  mistake  due  to  confusion  with  the 
Communion  plate.  In  any  case  the  present 
grace-cups  bear  the  hall-marks  of  1764  (p.  2). 

The  last  college  cook  was  a  man  of  the 
name  of  Yarnell.  J.  T.  F. 

JOHN  ALEYN,  LAW  REPORTER.  —  In  1681 
there  appeared  in  London,  in  a  slender  black- 
letter  folio,  '  Select  Cases  in  B.  R.  22,  23,  & 
24.  Car.  I.  Regis,  Reported  by  John  Aleyn, 
late  of  Greys  Inn,  Esq."  According  to  those 
-competent  authorities  Marvin  and  Wallace, 
•these  reports,  like  too  many  of  the  old 
"'  books,"  are  worthless  ;  while  "  of  the  re- 
porter himself  nothing  is  known." 

Aleyn  must  have  been  a  man  of  some  note 
in  his  day,  as  he  was  chosen  one  of  the 
original  Fellows  of  the  Royal  Society  on 
•20  May,  1663.  It  is  conceivable  that  his  notes 
•of  cases  when  published  eighteen  years  after 
'his  death  had  become  "  mixed "  and  other- 
wise confused  ;  hence  the  badness  of  the 
reports  put  forth  under  his  name.  He  was 
born  on  2  March,  1621,  at  Little  Waltham, 
Essex,  the  fourth  son  of  Giles  Aleyn,  then 
rector  of  that  parish  ;  was  admitted  of  Gray's 
Inn  on  29  January,  1641/2,  and  died  in  his 
chambers  there  on  26  June,  1663,  a  bachelor. 
Most  of  these  particulars  are  inscribed  on  a 
mural  tablet  to  him  in  Little  Waltham 
'•Ohurch,  where  he  desired  to  be  buried.  In 
the  inscription  he  is  characterized  as  "  one 
not  more  famous  for  his  eminent  Learning 
and  Knowledge  in  the  Lawes  than  for  his 
great  Integrity  and  Uprightnesse,  and  his 
exemplary  Charity,  both  living  and  dying." 
Reference  is  herein  made  to  Aleyn's  bequest 

*  They  now  wear  purple  cricket  caps  with  gold 
'  "St.  Cuthbert's"  crosses,  and  their  ordinary  dress,  j 
-but  on   Sundays  uniform  Eton  jackets    and  grey 
trousers — in  going  to  and  from  service  on  all  days, 
square  caps  with    purple  tassels,   patent    leather 
boots,  and  black   cassocks.     The  King's  Scholars 
-wear  surplices  at  Cathedral,  but  no  cassocks,  so  that 
when  they  have  outgrown  their  surplices  they  ex- 
'  hibit  a  considerable  amount  of  leg. 


of  500Z.  to  be  employed  for  the  benefit  of  hi  « 
native  place  (cf.  his  will  registered  in  the 
Prerogative  Court  of  Canterbury,  76  Juxon)- 
The  money  was  at  first  invested  in  sixty-five 
acres  of  land  in  Broxted  parish,  since  sold, 
and  the  proceeds  invested  by  the  Charity 
Commission.  It  is  now  appropriated  to 
apprenticing  poor  boys  of  the  parish  and 
assisting  girls  going  out  to  service;  to  the 
repairs  of  the  church  and  chancel;  and  to 
the  benefit  of  the  poor,  all  in  accordance 
with  the  wishes  of  the  amiable  donor. 

GORDON  GOODWIN. 

MAY  DAY  :  Two  POETICAL  TRACTS.— 
The  First  of  May,  a  New  Version  of  a  celebrated 
Modern  Ballad.  By  Anna  Harriet  Drury.    London 
W.  Pickering,  1851 ;  printed  by  C.   Whittingham, 
Chiswick.    12mo,  8  leaves. 

On  the  opening  of  the  Great  Exhibition.    It 
begins 

Prince  Albert  of  Saxe  Coburg, 
By  the  Cinque  Ports  he  swore. 
May  Morning  at  Magdalen  College.  By  A.  Cleve- 
land Coxe.      1851.     12mo,  4  leaves,  no   imprint- 
woodcut  of  Magdalen  Tower. 

W.  C.  B. 

GOOD  FRIDAY  CUSTOM  AT  Bow.  —  The 
Standard  of  22  April  reports  the  following 
custom,  which  does  not  appear  to  have  been 
recorded  in  *N.  &  Q.,'  where,  I  think,  it 
should  be  found  : — 

"Crowds  of  people  were  attracted  to  '  The 
Widow  s  Son'  public-house,  in  Devon's  Road,  Bow 
yesterday,  by  a  curious  custom  which  has  been 
observed  there  for  many  years.  Suspended  in  one 
of  the  rooms  may  be  seen  a  large  number  of  buns 
blackened  by  age,  and  on  each  Good  Friday  another 
bun  is  added.  Tradition  says  that  many  years  ago 
the  house  was  kept  by  a  widow  whose  only  son 
determined  to  adopt  a  seafaring  life,  and  commenced 
his  first  voyage  on  a  Good  Friday.  On  receiving 
news  that  her  son  would  return  home  on  the  follow- 
ing Good  Friday,  the  widow  put  aside  a  bun  for 
him.  The  son  never  returned,  but  the  widow  con- 
tinued the  practice  of  hanging  up  a  bun  each  year, 
and  the  curious  custom  has  been  retained  by  suc- 
eeding landlords." 

EVERARD  HOME   COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

DOLLIS  HILL,  WILLESDEN.— A  great  deal 
ms  been  written  recently  about  Uollis  Hill, 
now  converted  to  a  public  recreation  ground] 
and  named  Gladstone  Park,  in  memory  of 
:he  great  statesman  who  for  a  time  resided 
there.  In  these  notices  of  the  place  the 
origin  of  the  name  of  Dollis  lias  not  been 
explained,  and  facts  affording  some  light  on 
the  subject  would  be  welcomed.  In  the  east 
and  south  of  England  dole  often  represents  a 
boundary,  while  in  the  west  of  England  it 
signifies  a  low-lying  ground.  It  is  evident 


10*  s.  in.  MAY  6)  iocs.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


345- 


that  Dollis  Hill  could  not  take  the  name  as 
either  being  at  or  near  the  boundary  of  the 
parish  or  as  low  ground  ;  and  as  the  name 
Dollis  is  also  found  in  three  forms  in  the 
adjoining  parish  of  Hendon,  in  a  position  also 
at  a  distance  from  the  boundary,  the  signifi- 
cation thus  used  elsewhere  is  quite  unsuitable 
in  this  locality.  The  explanation  seems  to 
be  suggested  by  a  will  recorded  in  the  Com- 
missary Court  of  London  in  1396,  that  will 
being  of  one  Stephen  Dolle,  of  Hendon  (378 
Courtney).  Dollis  Brook,  Dole  Street,  and 
Dollis  Farm  are  within  a  mile  or  so  of  Dollis 
Hill,  but  in  the  parish  of  Hendon.  The 
name  is  rarely  found  in  Middlesex,  and  cer- 
tainly died  out  in  the  fifteenth  century  at 
Hendon.  Dollis  Farm,  Hendon,  must  not  be 
confounded  with  Dollis  Hill  Farm,  Willesden, 
although  possibly  both  took  their  name  from 
the  same  man.  The  earliest  of  the  title-deeds 
of  the  former  is  dated  43  Elizabeth  (1601), 
being  the  conveyance  from  Black  well  to 
Franklin  (from  whom  it  descended  to  the 
Kemps  of  Clitterhouse).  The  will  of  a 
William  Black  well,  of  London  and  Hendon, 
dated  1567  (P.C.C.,  30  Lyon),  mentions  his 
two  pieces  of  land  at  Hendon  called  "  Dooles," 
being  in  the  common  field  called  Sheveshill. 
Roger  Rippon  was  a  witness  to  this.  John 
Rippin,  of  Hendon,  in  1575,  dated  his  will 
from  Doles  Street,  and  left  his  land  to  his 
•wife  Mary.  A  year  earlier  John  Kemp,  of 
Hampstead,  by  his  will  (P.C.C.,  Martyn),  left 
money  to  the  churchwardens  for  the  repair 
of  the  highway  between  Dolefield  Green  and 
Figg  Lane.  Dollis  and  Doles  are  used  for 
the  same  place  repeatedly. 

FRED.  HITCHIN-KEMP. 

"SHICER"  AND  "SHICKER." — In  turning 
over  the  pages  of  '  Slang  and  its  Analogues  ' 
(a  book  which  seems  made  for  idle  moments) 
I  notice  a  curious  confusion,  s.v.  skicer, 
between  two  words  in  no  way  related  either 
in  derivation  or  meaning.  Shicer  itself  is 
of  German  origin,  as  explained  in  the  sup- 
plement to  Webster's  'Dictionary.'  With 
this  term,  which  is  applied  contemptuously 
to  any  worthless  person,  Messrs.  Farmer  and 
Henley  have  identified  the  totally  different 
word  shicke)'  or  shikkur,  which  is  merely 
the  Hebrew  12^,  and  has  only  the  sense  of 
"drunk."  JAMES  PLATT,  Jun. 

ST.  MARK  AND  JUDAS.— The  baroque  church 
of  San  Gregorio  at  Messina,  conspicuous 
from  its  situation  and  remarkable  for  its 
cochleated  spire,  is  entirely  lined  with  inlaid 
marbles.  The  design  is  for  the  most  part 
floral,  flowing,  and  conventional ;  but  on  the 
north  and  south  walls  of  the  chancel,  about 


in  a  line  with  a  step  of  the  high  altar,  one- 
finds  a  human  ear  and  a  business-like-looking 
knife.  This,  the  custode  says,  represents  the- 
ear  of  Judas  and  the  instrument  with  which 
St.  Mark  deprived  him  of  it.  Mention  of 
St.  Peter  and  of  Malchus  is  unavailing. 
Here  we  have  something  new  about  the 
Evangelist.  ST.  SWITHIN. 

"  HOOLIGAN."— It  is  interesting  to  note  the 
introduction  of  this  word  into  the  Russian 
and  German  languages.  Our  local  (German) 
paper,  quoting  from  the  (Russian)  Novaycm 
Vremya,  speaks  of  the  need  for  some  measures 
to  be  taken  against  "die  Hooligane "  in  the 
streets  of  St.  Petersburg. 

FRED.  G.  ACKERLEY. 

Libau,  Russia. 

SHERIDAN'S  'CRITIC.' — In  his  Catalogue  for 
March,  No.  130,  Mr.  Bertram  Dobell  adver- 
tises a  copy  of  '  The  Critic,'  to  which  is  sub- 
joined the  following  bibliographical  note  : — 

"Sheridan's  '  Critic'  is  almost  always  imperfect, 
and  almost  always  misrepresented  as  first  edition. 
The  printed  half-title  of  this  copy  shows  it  to  be 
the  third  edition,  though  without  this  half-title 
(which  is  almost  always  missing)  this  copy  would 
present  all  the  appearances  of  a  hrst  edition,  having 
98  pages,  the  leaf  of  advertisements,  and  engraved 
title,  dated  1781." 

By  this  important  note,  which  merits  pre- 
servation in  a  less  ephemeral  form  than  » 
bookseller's  catalogue,  the  collector  may  be 
warned  not  to  purchase  any  copy  of  '  The 
Critic '  that  purports  to  be  a  first  edition, 
unless  it  also  possesses  the  half-title.  It  may 
be  noted  that  the  half-title  of  the  true  first 
edition  runs  as  under  : — 

"The"  |  Critic:  \  or,  \A  Tragedy  Sehearsed.  [ 
[Price  One  Shilling  and  Six-pence.]" 

The  title  is  between  two  lines,  thickened 
in  the  middle.  A  copy  with  this  half-title  is 
excessively  rare.  W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

POET  LAUREATE  READ  AT  THE  HEAD  OF 
THE  TROOPS. — If  it  be  one,  the  fact  recorded 
in  'The  Pursuits  of  Literature' — a  satirical 
poem  (anon.,  London,  T.  Becket,  1801)— that 
in  1796  Pye's  translation  of  Tyrtseus  was 
read  to  our  troops,  must  be  unique  in  our 
annals.  A  note  to  the  line 

With  Spartan  Fye  lull  England  to  repose 
sets  forth  that  these  verses,  "  designed  to 
produce  animation  throughout  the  kingdom, 
and  among  the  militia  in  particular,"  were, 
on  the  advice  of  a  board  of  general  officers,, 
read  aloud  at  Warley  Common  and  at  Barham. 
Downs  (Canterbury)  by  the  adjutants,  at  the 
head  of  five  different  regiments,  at  each  camp. 
Although  "much  was  expected,"  the  result 


346 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io«- s.  m.  MAY  6, 1905. 


may  be  inferred  by  the  Marquis  Townshend, 
""  with  his  usual  pleasantry,"  quoting  the  line 
on  the  kinship  of  sleep  and  death.  As  a 
hypnagogue,  the  reading  seems  to  have  held 
its  own  with  that  of  the  Articles  of  War  in 
•our  own  day.  H.  P.  L. 

[The  poem  is  by  T.  J.  Mathias.] 

GUSTAVUS  ADOLPHUS  AND  TYCHO'S  STAR.— 
In  Mr.  C.  11.  L.  Fletcher's  very  interesting 
•account  of  the  great  King  of  Sweden,  which 
iorms  one  of  the  "  Heroes  of  the  Nations " 
•series,  edited  by  E.  Abbott,  occurs  the  fol- 
lowing passage:  "  Nay,  the  old  books  are  full 
•of  the  '  marvellous  discovery '  by  Tycho 
Brahe,  ten  years  before  our  Hero's  birth,  of  a 
•new  star  in  the  constellation  of  Cassiopeia." 
Although  it  is  now  known  that  others  saw 
this  Nova  a  few  days  before  Tycho,  it  will 
•always  be  known  as  his  star,  from  the  long 
series  of  careful  observations  he  made  of  it. 
But  it  appeared  in  the  year  1572,  and  Gus- 
tavus  Adolphus  was  not  born  until  1594, 
twenty-two  years  afterwards. 

W.  T.  LYNN. 

MEDIEVAL  CLOTHING. — The  following  in- 
•ventory  of  clothiery  from  an  Exchequer  Roll 
•of  34  Hen.  VI.  (No.  146,  nu  35)  may  be  useful 
to  compilers  of  glossaries  : — 

"  JDucentoa  libros  lane,  quatuor  bodices,  quatuor 
luithiann'a,  sex  virgas  de  panno  vocat  Cresteclothe, 
unam  camisiam,  unu'  sniok,  unu'  capio(m  ?),  quatuor 
*accos,  undecim  flannolas  (or  fiamiolas  ?),  duo  bon- 
nettes  &  duo  lynueii  capped,  ad  valenc'  centum 
solidor." 

ETHEL  LEGA-WEEKES. 

'CZECH  LANGUAGE. — The  following  remarks 
on  the  similarity  of  Slav  languages  may  be 
of  interest,  or  at  least  provoke  interesting 
information.  In  the  first  place,  Croat  and 
Serb  are  the  same  language,  written  the  one  in 
the  Latin,  the  other  in  the  Cyrillic  alphabet : 
and  the  same  may  be  said  of  Slovak  and 
Czech,  of  which  the  latter  is  the  more  modern 
form.  As  to  mere  similarity,  Polish,  Czech, 
and  Slovak  form  one  class,  Croat,  Serb,  and 
Sloven  another  ;  Lithuanian  and  Samogit  are 
dialects  of  the  same  language,  and  some  of 
the  Slav  dialects  spoken  in  Prussia  by  the 
Wends  closely  resemble  Polish. 

Odysseus,  in  his  interesting  work  on  Mace- 
donia, notices  the  fact  that  it  is  impossible 
actually  at  any  one  point  to  say,  "  Here 
Servian  begins,  here  Bulgarian  ends,"  for  the 
two  meet  and  part  over  a  trail  of  almost 
imperceptible  changes,  and  doubtless  to  the 
philologist  a  journey  in  Slav  countries  would 
be  as  fascinating  as  a  walking  tour  along  the 
coast  line  from  Leghorn  to  Valencia. 

RUPERT  WONTNER. 
[See  MR.  MARCHANT'S  article,  ante,  p.  202.] 


HENRY  TRAVERS.— In  1731  there  came  out 
a  volume  entitled  "Miscellaneous  Poems  and 
Translations,  by  H.  Travers  [motto  from 
Horace].  London  :  Printed  for  Benj.  Motte 
at  the  Middle-Temple  Gate  in  Fleet-street. 
MDCCXXXI."  The  verse-dedication  to  Wrio- 
thesly,  Duke  of  Bedford,  eulogized  the 
reclaiming  by  him  of  the  fen- lands  at 
Thorney.  A  long  list  of  subscribers,  many 
of  them  fellows  of  the  colleges  at  Cambridge, 
followed,  their  assistance  being  obtained  to 
relieve  Travers  of  some  pecuniary  embarrass- 
ments (Nichols,  'Literary  Anecdotes,'  vi. 
251).  Among  the  poetical  pieces  were 
two  of  some  local  interest,  viz.,  *  An 
Epistle  from  the  Fens  to  Mr.  ***  ***  at 
Rome,'  and  '  An  Ode  to  the  Fair  Unknown 
upon  seeing  her  in  the  Music  Booth  at  Stur- 
bridge  Fair.'  The  author  had  some  fame  in 
the  University  as  a  poet.  In  some  satiric  lines 
headed  'Mr.  [Edward]  Prior's  Lamentations 
for  the  Loss  of  Mrs.  Joanna  Bentley,'  and 
mentioning  the  Cambridge  gallants  and  wits 
of  1722,  it  is  prophesied  that  Travers  would 
"in  good  numbers  ridicule  bad  tea"  (Nichols, 
ib.,  i.  225).  The  volume  was  reissued  with 
some  additional  pieces,  as  "  Miscellaneous 
Poems  and  Translations,  by  H.  Travers,  M.A., 

Rector  of  Nun-Burnholme York,  printed 

by  C.  Ward  and  R.  Chandler,  booksellers  in 
Coney-street.  MDCCXL."  It  was  now  dedi- 
cated in  prose  to  the  nobility  and  gentry,  and 
was  heralded  by  a  fresh  list  of  subscribers, 
mostly  of  Yorkshire  people.  Thomas  Hayter, 
then  Archdeacon  and  Prebendary  of  York, 
afterwards  Bishop  successively  of  Norwich 
and  London,  subscribed  for  six  copies.  The 
motive  of  publication  was  no  doubt  the 
same  as  for  its  predecessor. 

Travers,  or  Traverse,  as  he  originally  spelt 
his  name,  was  a  native  of  Devonshire,  and 
was  educated  at  the  same  school  as  Hayter, 
probably  at  BlundelFs  School,  Tiverton.  In 
after  years  the  bishop  used  to  say  that 
Travers  had  been  of  singular  service  to  him 
in  his  youth  by  exciting  his  emulation  and 
causing  him  to  exert  the  utmost  of  his  dili- 
gence and  abilities  to  cope  with  him.  For 
this  unconscious  service,  Hayter,  when  Arch- 
deacon of  York,  very  gratefully  rewarded 
Mr.  Travers  (S.  Pegge  the  elder,  'Anony- 
miana,"  1818  ed.,  cent,  vii.,  No.  78).  Traverse 
became  a  sizar  of  Queen's  College,  Cam- 
bridge, in  April,  1719,  and  graduated  B.A. 
January,  1722/3;  M.A.  July,  1736.  Pegge 
knew  him  at  Cambridge,  and  corresponded 
with  him  for  some  years  afterwards. 

Travers  took  orders  in  the  English  Church, 
and  served  successively  the  curacies  of  West 
Walton  and  Upwell,  near  Wisbech.  Through 


io*s.  in.  MAY  e,  1905.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


347 


Hayter's  influence  he  was  appointed  by  the 
Archbishop  of  York  to  the  vicarage  of  Ilkley 
on  16  January,  1734  5  ('  Ilkley,  Ancient  and 
Modern,'  by  Colly er  and  Turner,  p.  162),  and 
on  the  following  30  July  was  collated  to  the 
rectory  of  Nun  burn  holme.  He  also  officiated 
as  curate  of  the  adjoining  parish  of  Kiln- 
wick  Percy.  On  14  August,  1737,  Travers 
was  married  by  licence  at  Kiln  wick  Percy  to 
Mrs.  Jane  Carr,  who  is  described  by  Pegge 
as  "a  gentlewoman  out  of  the  family  of  Sir 
William  Anderson"  ('Anonymiana,'  cent,  vii., 
No.  78).  The  Andersons  then  owned  the 
parish,  and  Mrs.  Carr  probably  assisted  in 
the  management  of  the  household.  Their 
daughter,  Jane  Travers,  was  baptized  at 
Nunburnholme,  31  July,  1738,  and  a  second 
daughter,  Grace,  on  19  March,  1740 ;  the 
latter  was  buried  at  Kiln  wick  Percy  on 
20  November,  1750.  The  Rev.  Henry  Travers 
was  buried  at  the  same  place  on  20  October, 
1754,  leaving  his  widow  and  his  surviving 
daughter  in  low  circumstances.  Nunburn- 
holme, says  Pegge,  was  worth  801.  per  annum 
only,  and  he  had  no  paternal  estate.  The 
widow  was  buried  at  Kilnwick  Percy  on 
18  September,  1797,  aged  eighty-six  (informa- 
tion from  llev.  M.  C.  F.  Morris,  rector  of 
Nunburnholme).  A  small  sum  of  5l.  was 
given  by  Travers  for  the  poor  of  the  parish 
of  Nunburnholme,  but  it  has  been  lost. 

W.  P.  COURTNEY. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  sent  to  them 
direct. 

RUSSIANS  AND  JAPANESE  :  OFFICIAL  AND 
PRIVATE  COMMUNICATIONS.— Is  it  known  in 
what  language  the  generals  Stoessel  and 
Nogi  communicated  with  each  other  con- 
cerning the  surrender  of  Port  Arthur,  and 
in  what  language  the  capitulation  was 
drawn  up  1 

Many  Japanese  being  versed  in  the  Russian 
language,  I  suppose  that  the  colloquial 
language  was  Russian,  although  in  some 
cases  with  the  help  of  an  interpreter.  But 
what  about  the  capitulation  1  Was  it  drawn 
up  in  both  languages?  Or  in  English,  for 
English  is  quite  the  second  national  language 
of  Japan  ] 

French  generally  is  the  international 
language,  but  I  do  not  suppose  that  it 
would  have  been  used  in  these  Manchurian 
affairs;  since,  although  French  is  well  known 


by  the  Russians,  it  is  not  so  by  the  Japanese 
in  general.  H.  GAIDOZ. 

22,  Rue  Servandoni,  Paris,  VI. 

GUINEA  BALANCES. — Can  any  one  say  when 
a  certain  "A.  Wilkinson,  Ormskirk  (late  of 
Kir  by),  near  Liverpool,"  flourished  ? 

I  wish  to  find  out  particulars  of  pocket 
folding  balances  made  by  him  for  weighing 
guineas  and  half-guineas  singly,  and  reading 
off  the  value  of  the  deficiency  in  pence. 

It  would  be  interesting  to  know  if  the 
practice  of  allowing  for  this  deficiency  was 
general.  It  would  be  very  important  when 
cash  was  so  much  used  in  business  trans- 
actions. I  believe  gold  is  still  legal  tender 
by  weight.  Did  business  men  ever  carry  such 
balances  about  with  them  ? 

There  was  a  general  recqinage  of  gold  in 
1773-5,  after  which  light  coin  may  have  been 
looked  on  with  extra  suspicion,  since  I  notice 
a  crop  of  patents  in  1783  for  detecting 
counterfeit  coin.  The  guinea  ceased  to  be 
coined  in  1817.  LIBRA. 

South  Kensington. 

WHELER  OR  WHEELER  FAMILY.  —  A  co- 
heiress of  this  family  is  believed  to  have 
married  John  Whitehalgh  or  Whitehall,  of 
Pethils,  Kniveton,  co.  Derby,  cetat.  twenty- 
one  and  upwards  in  1662,  in  which  year  he 
was  admitted  to  the  Inner  Temple.  His  will 
was  proved  Nov.,  1683,  one  of  the  executors 
being  his  nephew  John  Stevenson,  of  Elton, 
co.  Derby,  afterwards  Recorder  of  Derby 
and  Nottingham. 

John  Whitehall's  will  mentions  his  infant 
children  "\Vheeler,  John,  Anne,  and  Jane; 
and  his  wife  presumably  predeceased  him. 
His  sons  are  believed  to  have  died  s.p  ,  and 
the  coat  of  arms  of  one  of  his  daughters 
quarters  the  bearing  of  Wheler  of  Leam- 
ington Hasting,  co.  Warwick,  Bart.,  with 
that  of  her  father.  Any  information  re- 
specting Whitehall's  wife  will  be  welcome. 

EMBASSY  BUILDINGS. — Where  are  the  finest 
and  best  -  designed  modern  embassy  build- 
ings to  be  seen  1  Also,  where  may  fine  old 
embassy  buildings  be  found  ]  ARCHITECT. 

"VASTERN." — Passing  through  Reading 
lately,  I  stayed  a  night  at  "  the  Vastern 
Hotel."  Can  any  of  your  readers  kindly 
inform  me  as  to  the  origin  of  the  name 
"Vastern"]  EDWIN  S.  CRANE. 

Thringstone  Vicarage,  Leicester. 

ROWLEY. — The  race  for  the  2,000  Guineas 
at  Newmarket  is  over  the  Rowley  mile.  It 
is  said  that  the  name  of  the  Rowley  mile 


348 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  m.  MAY  6, 


had  its  origin  in  the  time  of  Charles  II.,  and 
was  taken  from  a  nickname  of  the  king. 
Why  was  Charles  II.  called  "Old  Rowley'"! 

G.  WAREAND. 

[Charles  II.  was  so  named  after  a  goat  of  very 
amorous  propensities,  but  very  good  -  humoured 
and  familiar,  which  used  to  dwell  in  the  Privy 
Garden.  LORD  BRAYBROOKE,  1st  S.  ix.  477,  says 
that  the  animal  was  a  stallion  in  the  royal  stud, 
and  adds  that  its  reputation  is  preserved  in  the 
Rowley  mile.  See  1st  S.  passim.'] 

LONGMAN,  BARREL-ORGAN  BUILDER,  CHEAP- 
SIDE. — I  have  seen  a  very  fine  specimen  of 
his  work  at  Torquay.  It  is  over  a  hundred 
years  old,  and  stands  on  legs  of  Chippendale 

Eattern.    I  shall  be  glad  to  be  informed  where 
e  carried  on  business.  G.  W.  II. 

[Mr.  J.  S.  Shedlock  has  kindly  supplied  the 
following  information  : — "  The  barrel  organs  of 
Longman  are  well  known.  I  have  seen  one  at  the 
Hon.  Mrs.  Herbert's,  at  Llanover.  In  or  before  the 
year  1767  James  Longman  and  others  were  estab- 
lished at  the  '  Harp  and  Crown,'  26,  Cheapside, 
the  same  sign  as  John  Johnson's,  but  not  in  the 
same  premises  as  his,  which  were  facing  Bow 
Church,  while  Longman's  shop  was  between  Friday 
Street  and  Old  Change,  on  the  opposite  side  of 
Cheapside,  and  nearer  St.  Paul's.  John  Johnson  at 
this  time  disappears  from  the  music  trade,  and  it  is 
likely  that  the  Longman  firm  had  bought  his  good 
will  or  adopted  his  emblem.  Robert  Bremner 
seems  to  have  become  possessor  of  his  plates.  In  a 
Directory  of  1770  the  name  of  the  firm  at  the  '  Harp 
and  Crown,'  26,  Cheapside,  is  James  Longman 
&  Co. ;  in  1771,  Longman,  Lukey  &  Co.  ;  in  1777-8, 
Longman,  Lukey  &  Broderip  ;  in  1779,  Longman  & 
Broderip,  remaining  thus  until  1798,  when  the 
firm  became  bankrupt,  and  the  original  James 
Longman  had  given  place  to  John  Longman.  John 
Longman  then  entered  into  partnership  with 
Clementi,  retaining  the  shop  26,  Cheapside.  About 
1801  or  1802  John  Longman  left  the  firm  of  Long- 
man &  dementi,  and  set  up  for  himself  at  131, 
Cheapside."] 

WEIGHING-MACHINE  WISDOM.  (See  ante, 
p.  280.)— 

Qui  souvent  se  pese  bien  se  connait, 
Qui  bien  se  connait  bien  se  porte, 

is  an  aphorism  that  is  frequently  attached 
to  the  weighing-machines  in  French  railway 
stations.  Is  the  author  of  it  known  to  fame  ? 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

SANDERSON  FAMILY  OF  WIGTON,  CUMBER- 
LAND. —  Any  information  regarding  this 
family  will  be  esteemed.  I  have  copies  of  the 
Sanderson  inscriptions  in  the  churchyard. 
One  Richard  Sanderson,  born  at  Wigton, 
became  a  citizen  and  merchant  of  London, 
and  resided  at  Streatham,  Surrey ;  another, 
Daniel  Sanderson,  was  a  famous  organ 
builder,  and  died  in  1817,  aged  eighty-six  ; 
while  yet  another  was  John  Sanderson,  a 
well-known  watch  and  clock  maker,  living 


1715.  Any  particulars  relating  to  the  ances- 
tors or  descendants  of  the  above  would  be 
welcome.  CHAS.  HALL  CROUCH. 

5,  Grove  Villas,  Wanstead. 

"BLANCHED." — In  the  list  of  church  goods 
of  St.  Sithney,  near  Helston,  dated  23  April, 
1549,  are  "  foure  pere  of  vestments,  one  of 
them  Blewe  Satyn  prett  blanchyd."  Does 
this  mean  partly  faded  1  or  does  it  mean  that 
it  was  blue  shot  with  white  ?  YGREC. 

AGNEW  =  STAVELEY.  —  Can  any  of  your 
readers  furnish  information  as  to  the 
birthplace  and  parentage  of  John  Agnew, 
who  was  born  in  1753  ?  He  was  brought  by 
his  mother  from  France  to  England  at  an 
early  age,  and  later  went  to  Ireland,  where 
he  married  Anne  Staveley,  daughter  of  Aaron 

Staveley  and Vance.    He  subsequently 

went  to  Philadelphia,  and  was  followed  by  his 
wife.  They  settled  in  New  York. 

John  Agnew's  mother  was  a  Frenchwoman 
and  a  Huguenot.  His  father  may  have  been 
one  of  the  Irish  Agnews,  trading  in  France, 
or  a  Frenchman,  in  which  case  his  name 
would  be  Agneau  probably. 

I  shall  be  very  much  obliged  if  any  one 
can  give  me  assistance  in  this  search. 

JESSIE  AGNEW  SMITH. 

60,  Grosvenor  Street,  W. 

UNMARRIED  LADY'S  COAT  OF  ARMS.— Is  it 
correct  for  an  unmarried  lady — her  father 
being  alive— to  use  his  coat  of  arms  on  a 
lozenge1?  If  so,  is  there  any  difference 
between  that  lozenge  and  a  widow's  1 

A.  C.  S. 

PICKING  UP  SCRAPS  OF  IRON. — Some  time 
ago  I  went  for  a  walk  with  a  dear  old  lady 
from  a  country  village,  who  picked  up  one 
or  two  scraps  of  iron  (not  horseshoes)  as  we 
went  along,  and  assured  me  that  it  would 
have  been  unlucky  to  pass  them.  Is  this 
superstition  general  ? 

APOTHECARIES'  HALL  IN  SCOTLAND.— Did 
an  apothecaries'  hall,  or  a  society  or  company 
of  apothecaries,  ever  exist  in  Scotland  which, 
like  the  halls  of  London  and  Dublin,  was 
chartered  to  confer  certificates  1 

CHAS.  F.  FOESHAW,  LL.D. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

BLIND  MAN  AT  OXFORD.— Somewhere  in 
the  middle  of  the  sixties  of  the  last  century 
there  entered  for  his  final  examination  at 
Oxford  a  blind  man.  He  graduated  with 
first-class  honours,  probably  in  Literis 
Humanioribus.  A  large  number  of  persons 
were  present  at  his  vivd  voce  examination. 


10*8.  HI.  MAY  6, 1905.]  NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


349 


What  were  his  name  and  college  ?  In  what 
honour  school  did  he  read  1  Is  he  still  alive  ? 

W.  H.  DIXSON. 
13,  Crick  Road,  Oxford. 

THE  BRENT  AS  AN  ANCIENT  WATERWAY.— 
Is  there  any  evidence  of  the  use  of  the  river 
Brent  as  a  waterway  by  which  farm  produce 
and  hogs  were  conveyed  to  the  monks  or 
prebendaries  of  St.  Paul's?  The  difficulty  of 
transit  by  road  in  very  early  times  might 
make  the  river  the  better  means  if  it  was 
deep  enough  to  carry  the  craft. 

FRED.  HITCHIN-KEMP. 

6,  Beechfield  Road,  Catford. 

NORMAN  INSCRIPTIONS  IN  YORKSHIRE. — 
Can  any  one  supply  me  with  probable  date 
of,  or  any  information  as  to,  the  following 
old  French  inscription  on  Harpham  Church, 
Yorks  ?- 

Dieu  Temple  y  aide 
et  garde  du  royne. 

("  Que  le  Dieu  du  Temple  y  aide  et  le  garde 
de  la  rouille.") 

This  inscription  is  cut  over  the  chancel 
door  at  Harpham,  and  has  also  been  in- 
correctly copied  on  Nafferton  Church  ("  adie  " 
appearing  for  aide).  No  one  seems  to  know 
of  any  parallel  or  of  any  history  of  the  two 
inscriptions. 

There  is  also  a  brass  in  Brandsburton 
Church  bearing  the  following  legend,  date 
1634  :— 

Will  Darell  jadis  p'sone  de  1'eglise  d'Halsham 

gist  ici. 
Dieu  d'  salme  eit  m'cy. 

("  Will  Darell,  formerly  parson  of  the  church 
of  Halsham,  lies  here.  May  God  have  mercy 
on  his  soul!")  "Salme"  should  possibly 
read  "  sanme,"  for  modern  son  dine. 

G.  H.  CLARKE. 
232,  Springbank,  Hull. 

HEMMING=STEVENS.  —  William  Hemming 
•was  born  in  England  about  1758,  and  arrived 
in  America  about  1774.  He  married,  in 
Baltimore  County,  Maryland,  Miss  Sisson 
Stevens,  who  was  born  in  that  county.  Can 
any  one  tell  me  anything  of  the  ancestors  of 
either  of  these  ancestors  of  mine? 

(Mrs.)  EVELYN  HEMMING  LAMB. 

2159,  Centre  Street,  Berkeley,  California. 

JOHN  CHATTOCK.  —  I  understand  that  a 
John  Chattock,  of  Castle  Bromwich,  War- 
wickshire, was  a  groom  of  the  bedchamber 
to  Henry  VIII.  His  portrait  is,  or  was,  in 
the  possession  of  the  Earls  of  Bradford,  and 
hung  in  the  great  hall  at  Castle  Bromwich 
Hall.  Can  any  reader  of  4N.  &  Q.'  give  me 
information  as  regards  this,  and  also  say  to 


whom  he  was  married  ]     His  wife's  name 
was  Anne.  A.  J.  C.  GUIMARAENS. 

FANSHAWE  :  BOSWELL  :  YOUNG.— 1.  Evelyn 
in  his  'Diary'  refers  to  Sir  Richard  Fanshawe 
as  his  cousin.  Can  any  one  tell  me  how  he  was 
so  ?  Neither  the  Evelyn  nor  the  Fanshawe 
pedigrees  throw  any  light  on  this.  The 
second  Viscount  Fanshawe  married  as  his 
second  wife  the  widowed  daughter  of  Sir 
John  Evelyn,  of  Dean,  Wilts,  cousin  of  the 
diarist ;  but  this  was  not  till  the  year  before 
Sir  Richard's  death  in  1666. 

2.  Lady  Fanshawe,  in  a  list  of  her  children, 
refers  to  a  cousin  Boswell  as  godfather  of 
one.     I  cannot  trace  this  connexion  through 
either  Fanshawe  or  Harrison  pedigree,  and 
should   be  grateful  for  information  regard- 
ing it. 

3.  I  should  be  grateful  for  any  information 
regarding   the  Young  family   to  which  the 
"  cousin  Young  "  of  Lady  Fanshawe's  memoirs 
belonged.    She  was  daughter  of  Henry  Fan- 
shawe, of  Dore,  brother  of  Margaret  Fan- 
shawe, the  wife  of  Sir  John  Harrison  and 
mother  of   Lady  Fanshawe,   and  therefore 
first  cousin  of  Lady  Fanshawe. 

H.  C.  FANSHAWE. 
107,  Jermyn  Street. 


DIVING-BELL. 
(10th  S.  iii.  247.) 

THE  diving-bell  was  in  use  in  America  and 
the  West  Indies  long  before  1665.  Under 
date  30  March,  1643,  John  Winthrop,  then 
Governor  of  Massachusetts,  wrote  : — 

"The  Trial,  Mr.  Coy tmore  master,  arrived,  and 
a  week  after  one  of  the  ketches.  He  sailed  first  to 
Fayal,  where  he  found  an  extraordinary  good 
market  for  his  pipe  staves  and  fish.  He  took  wine 
and  sugar,  <fcc.,  and  sailed  thence  to  Christophers  in 
the  West  Indies,  where  he  put  off  some  of  his  wine 
for  cotton  and  tobacco,  &c.,  and  for  iron,  which  the 
islanders  had  saved  of  the  ships  which  were  there 
cast  away.  He  obtained  license,  also,  of  the 
governour.  Sir  Thomas  Warner,  to  take  up  what 
ordnance,  anchors,  £c.,  he  could,  and  was  to  have 
the  one  half  ;  and  by  the  help  of  a  diving  tub  he 
took  up  50  guns,  and  anchors,  and  cables,  which  he 
brought  home,  and  some  gold  and  silver  also,  which 
he  got  by  trade."  —  'History  of  New  England,' 
1853,  ii.  114. 

Another  case  of  the  use  of  the  "diving 
tub,"  still  earlier,  and  of  which  we  have 
more  interesting  details,  occurred  in  Boston, 
New  England.  On  27  July,  1640,  Winthrop 
wrote  : — 

"  Being  the  second  day  of  the  week,  the  Mary 
Rose,  a  ship  of  Bristol,  of  about  200  tons,  her 


350 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


s.  m.  MAY  6,  wos. 


master  one  Capt.  [blank],  lying  before  Charlton 
[Charlestown,  now  part  of  Boston],  was  blown  in 
pieces  with  her  own  powder,  being  21  barrels ; 
wherein  the  judgment  of  God  appeared,  for  the 
master  and  company  were  many  of  them  profane 
scoffers  at  us,  and  at  the  ordinances  of  religion 
here."— Ibid.,  ii.  13. 

The  wreck  was  a  nuisance,  and  on  7  Octo- 
ber, 1641,  the  General  Court  made  the 
following  order : — 

"About  the  rack  :  Edward  Bendall  haveing 
order  to  seeke  to  clear  the  ry  ver  of  it,  &  if  hee  cleare 
the  harbor,  hee  is  to  have  all  wch  hee  can  get  up  ; 
if  not,  hee  is  to  have  the  one  halfe,  &  the  country 
is  to  have  the  other  halfe.  For  the  clearing  of  the 
harbor  hee  hath  liberty  till  the  first  of  the  8th  m° 
[i.e.  October]  1642  ;  &  hee  is  to  give  account  to  the 
Treasurer,  from  time  to  time,  &  to  leave  the  full 
haulfe,  or  give  security,"— 'Massachusetts  Colony 
Records,'  i.  339. 

Once  more  we  have  recourse  to  Winthrop 
•who,  under  date  of  23  July,  1642,  wrote :—  , 
"  The  Mary  Rose,  which  had  been  blown  up  and 
sunk  with  all  her  ordnance,  ballast,  much  lead,  and 
other  goods,  was  now^yeighed  and  brought  to  shore 
by  the  industry  and  diligence  of  one  Edward  Ben- 
dall, of  Boston.  The  court  gave  the  owners  above 
a  years  time  to  recover  her  and  free  the  harbor, 
which  was  much  damnified  by  her ;  and  they  having 
given  her  over  and  never  attempting  to  weigh  her, 
Edward  Bendall  undertook  it  upon  these  terms, 
viz.,  if  he  freed  the  harbor,  he  should  have  the 
whole,  otherwise  he  should  have  half  of  all  he 
recovered.  He  made  two  great  tubs,  bigger  than  a 
butt,  very  tight,  and  open  at  one  end,  upon  which 
were  hanged  so  many  weights  as  would  sink  it  to  the 
ground  (600wt.).  It  was  let  down,  the  diver  sitting 
in  it,  a  cord  in  his  hand  to  give  notice  when  they 
should  draw  him  up,  and  another  cord  to  show 
when  they  should  remove  it  from  place  to  place,  so 
he  could  continue  in  his  tub  near  half  an  hour,  and 
fasten  ropes  to  the  ordnance,  and  put  the  lead,  &c., 
into  a  net  or  tub.  And  when  the  tub  was  drawn 
up,  one  knocked  upon  the  head  of  it,  and  thrust  a 
long  pole  under  water,  which  the  diver  laid  hold  of, 
and  so  was  drawn  up  by  it;  for  they  might  not 
draw  the  open  end  out  of  water  for  endangering 
him, "&c.— 'Hist,  of  New  England,'  ii.  87-8. 

It  would  be  extremely  interesting  to  know 
whether  Bendall's  contrivance  was  an  inven- 
tion of  his  own,  or  whether  the  idea  of  it 
had  been  brought  from  England.  The  diving- 
bell  which  Evelyn  says  was  tried  atDeptford, 
19  July,  1661,  "  was  made  of  cast  lead,  let 
down  with  a  strong  cable."  The  principle  of 
the  diving  -  bell  was  apparently  known  in 
New  England  in  1640,  for  the  owners  of  the 
Mary  Rose  were  given  more  than  a  year  in 
•which  to  raise  her,  and  she  actually  was 
raised  in  1642.  This  was  twenty  years  earlier 
than  the  experiment  recorded  by  Evelyn. 

ALBERT  MATTHEWS. 
Boston,  Mass. 

In  the  time  of  Aristotle  divers  used  a  kind 
of  kettle  to  enable  them  to  continue  longer 
under  water.  This,  however,  has  been  dis 


puted,  because  the  manner  in  which  it  was 
imployed  is  not  clearly  described.  The  oldest 
information  respecting  the  use  of  the  diving- 
bell  in  Europe  is  that  of  John  Taisnier, 
quoted  in  Schott's  '  Technica  Curiosa,'  Nurem- 
berg, 1664,  lib.  vi.  c.  9,  p.  393.  Taisnier  himself 
saw  the  diving-bell  put  to  practical  use  in 
the  year  1538,  before  the  Emperor  Charles  V. 
and  almost  ten  thousand  spectators,  at  Toledo, 
in  Spain.  The  two  Greeks  who  made  the 
experiment  seem  to  have  owed  their  in- 
vention to  Aristotle's  suggestion,  for  they 
used  a  very  large  kettle  suspended  by  ropes 
with  the  mouth  downward.  Schott  also  de- 
scribes this  machine  as  "  an  aquatic  kettle." 
The  contrivance  is  described  more  than  once 
in  Roger  Bacon's  '  Novum  Organum  '  and  in 
his  '  Phsenomena  Universi.'  A  hollow  vessel, 
he  says,  was  made  of  metal,  and  was  let 
down  equally  to  the  surface  of  the  water, 
and  thus  carried  with  it  to  the  bottom  of  the 
sea  the  whole  air  it  contained.  It  stood  upon 
three  feet,  which  were  in  length  somewhat 
less  than  the  height  of  a  man  ;  so  that  the 
diver,  when  he  was  no  longer  able  to  contain 
his  breath,  could  put  his  head  into  the  vessel, 
and,  having  breathed,  return  again  to  his 
work  ('  Novum  Organum,'  lib.  ii.  §  50,  quoted 
in  Beckmann's  '  Hist,  of  Inventions,'  1846, 
vol.  i.  p.  115).  See  also  a  later  account  in 
Timbs's  'Stories  of  Inventors  and  Discoverers,' 
1860,  pp.  32-42. 

J.   HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 


TO-DAY  :  TO-MORROW  (10th  S.  iii.  305).— I 
am  astonished  at  being  asked  to  produce  my 
evidence  on  this  point.  It  would  be  easy  to 
cite  many  hundred  examples,  from  the  ninth 
century  onwards,  in  which  the  phrases  to-day, 
to-morroiv,  and  even  to-year  occur  ;  always 
composed  of  the  same  elements,  viz.,  the 
preposition  to  as  the  former  element,  and 
the  substantive  day,  morroiv,  or  year  as  the 
second  element,  usually  in  the  dative  case. 
Why  is  the  dative  employed  if  there  is  no 
preposition  to  govern  it?  I  only  mentioned 
the  use  of  to  dnum  dcec/e  by  way  of  illustra- 
tion of  to  dcege.  They  are,  of  course,  not 
exactly  equivalent,  because  the  one  contains 
dnum  and  the  other  does  not.  But  the  con- 
structions are  similar  otherwise. 

We  are  not  told  how  the  phrase  "  I  '11  see 
ye  the  morn"  arose,  nor  what  is  its  antiquity. 
It  is  common  enough  now  ;  but  where  can 
we  find  it  in  any  Middle  English  author,  or 
in  any  Anglo-Saxon  writer  ?  Let  us  have  an 
example,  just  one  little  one  ! 

The  saying  that  to  — the  in  the  phrase 
"  t '  archdeacon "  is  beyond  us  all.  In  this 
phrase  f  is  a  well-known  contraction  for 


io»s.  HI.  MAY  6, 1905.1        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


351 


the,  and  has  nothing  whatever  to  do  with 
the  word  to.  For  if  £  archdeacon  means  "  to 
archdeacon,"  then  it  follows  that  "I  gave  it 
to  t' archdeacon "  means  "I  gave  it  to  to 
archdeacon,"  which  is  absurd. 

I  am  quite  astonished,  moreover,  to  find 
such  an  extraordinary  inability  to  under- 
stand my  reference  to  "  to  with  the  inflected 
infinitive."  The  point  is,  of  course,  that  when 
to  preceded  the  infinitive  in  Anglo-Saxon, 
the  infinitive  ending  was  not  only  retained, 
as  is  correctly  assumed  in  the  reply  to  me, 
but  obtained  an  additional  and  extra  in- 
flection which  it  would  not  otherwise  have 
had.  The  ordinary  suffix  was  not  "  -en,  as  in 
German,"  but  -an,  as  in  Old  High  German 
and  Gothic  ;  as  in  bind-an,  to  bind.  But  if 
to  preceded,  then  it  was  bind-anne,  with  -ne 
superadded.  It  is  too  bad  that  I  should 
have  to  explain  so  elementary  a  fact.  I 
doubt  if  any  other  of  "  my  disciples  "  need 
any  further  argument.  Surely  to  let  does 
not  mean  the  let.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

TWITCHEL  (10th  S.  Hi.  289).— This  term  for 
a  path  bounded  on  either  side  by  a  hedge  is, 
I  believe,  not  uncommon  in  Hertfordshire. 
One  is  well  known  in  Ware  in  connexion  with 
the  grounds  of  Amwell  House,  formerly  the 
home  of  John  Scott,  the  poet  and  friend  of 
Dr.  Samuel  Johnson.  May  not  the  word  be 
derived  from  tioitch,to  pinch? — thus  a  pinched 
or  narrow  passage.  A  Hertfordshire  glossary 
will  probably  give  the  etymology. 

ROBERT  WALTERS. 

Ware  Priory. 

This  term  is  not  uncommon  in  Derbyshire 
for  a  narrow  lane,  e.g.,  "The  Twitchell"  at 
Repton.  I  have  heard  it  used  in  Yorkshire 
with  the  significance  of  a  courtyard  entered 
by  a  narrow  alley.  Halliwell,  vol.  ii.  p.  898, 
gives  both  these  meanings  for  the  word. 

GEORGE  A.  AUDEN. 

There  is  a  place-name  Twitchel- Field  in 
St.  Stephen's  parish,  St.  Albans.  See  7th  S. 
xii.  383. 

Dr.  Wright,  in  the  'E.D.D.,'  says  it  is  "a 
narrow  footpath  between  hedges ;  a  narrow 
passage ;  a  blind  alley ;  a  short  cut." 

EDWARD  PEACOCK. 

The  Lancashire  word  twitchel  (sub.)  is  a 
short  wooden  lever  with  a  loop  of  rope 
fastened  to  one  end ;  the  rope  is  put  round 
the  lower  jaw  of  an  unruly  horse,  and  the 
stick  is  twisted  round  so  as  to  get  a  tight 
hold  of  the  jaw  and  subdue  the  horse. 
Twitchel  (v.),  to  pinch,  to  nip  ;  more  correctly 
to  get  into  a  noose.  The  name  may  have 
been  given  to  the  pathway  from  its  being  a 


lovers'  lane  or  walk,  or  from  its  being  the 
nearest  way  to  the  church,  where  many 
couples  have  got  into  the  noose  and  paid  the 
penalty.  JOHN  RADCLIFFE. 

Here  and  in  other  places  a  path  such  as 
described  is  called  a  "twitchel"  by  some, 
but  the  more  general  name  is  "  bawk." 
"To  twitchel"  means  to  beat;  one  lad 
will  "twitchel"  another,  and  a  man  will 
"  twitchel "  his  dog,  or  in  other  words  give 
a  "good  hiding."  The  cruel  sport  of  tying 
an  old  tin  to  a  dog's  tail  is  called  "  twitchel- 
ling  "  it.  There  does  not  seem  to  be  much 
connexion  between  "  twitchel"  =  a  narrow 
path  and  "  twitchel"=a  beating. 

THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 

Worksop. 

Twitchels  is  the  name  of  a  row  of  cottages 
in  the  parish  of  Chalfont  St.  Giles,  Bucks, 
in  the  lane  leading  from  the  village  to 
Jordans.  R.  PHIPPS,  Col.  late  R.A. 

[MR.  E.  H.  COLEMAN  and  H.  J.  B.  are  also 
thanked  for  replies.  ] 

ARMORIAL  (10th  S.  iii.  289).— The  College  of 
Arms  has  record  of  grants  of  arms  ;  but  iu 
many  cases  this  information  can  be  got  from 
books  such  as  'A  Display  of  Heraldry,'  by 
John  Guillim.  Grants  and  certificates  of 
arms  are  now  being  printed  in  The  Genea- 
logist. In  the  British  Museum  the  manu- 
script numbered  Add.  35,336  gives  selections 
of  grants  between  1478  and  1743. 

GERALD  FOTHERGILL. 

11,  Brussels  Road,  New  Wandsworth,  S.  W. 

As  no  family  or  year  is  stated  in  the  query, 
and  I  do  not  think  R.  G.  H.,  will  get  the  book 
he  requires,  the  following  may  be  of  some  use. 
A  list  of  printed  grants  of  arms,  supporters, 
and  crests  is  given  in  The  Genealogist,  1879, 
vol.  iii.  pp.  188,  211,  379;  vol.  iii.  N.S.,  1886, 
p.  86,  which  mentions  the  name,  date,  and 
the  book  where  the  grant  will  be  found.  In 
the  same  work  and  in  Miscellanea  Genea- 
logica  et  Heraldica,  from  the  last  date  to  the 
present  issues,  some  are  printed.  The  '  Guide 
to  Printed  Books  and  Manuscripts  relating  to 
Heraldry,'  1892,  by  George  Gatfield,  gives 
grants  of  arms  in  the  British  Museum  and 
other  libraries,  but  does  not  give  names  or 
dates.  The  Heralds'  College  should  be  the 
storehouse  for  heraldic  matters;  but  fees 
would  probably  have  to  be  paid.  JONRAD. 

QUEEN'S  SURNAME  (10th  S.  ii.  529 ;  iii.  114, 
174).— Plantagenet,  as  MR.  BAYLEY  suggests, 
was  no  doubt  a  nickname.  But  are  not  all 
surnames  originally  nicknames'?  It  was, 
perhaps,  a  nickname  as  applied  to  Geoffrey 
of  Anjou,  but  by  the  time  it  reached  his  son 
Henry  II.  it  had  become  a  surname,  was 


352 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  8.  m.  MAY  6, 1905. 


adopted  by  him,  and  by  all  his  descendants 
in  the  male  line  down  to  Richard  III.,  the 
last  king  of  the  dynasty.  Henry  VII.  was 
the  fourth  of  his  family  who  had  adopted 
the  surname  Tudor.  His  great-grandfather 
was  Meredith  ap  Tudor,  but  after  this  the 
name  continued  as  Tudor. 

The  family  name  of  the  Stewarts  was 
originally,  as  ME.  BAYLEY  observes,  Fitzalan. 
The  original  Walter  Fitzalan  (brother  of  the 
ancestor  of  the  Dukes  of  Norfolk)  was  Lord 
High  Steward  of  Scotland,  and  from  this 
circumstance  his  branch  of  the  family  ap- 
pears to  have  adopted  the  name  Stewart. 
When  the  change  began  is  not  certain,  but 
it  was  probably  not  later  than  the  time  of 
Alexander,  the  great-grandson  of  Walter 
Fitzalan,  for  both  his  sons  —  James  (the 
grandfather  of  Robert  II.  and  all  the  Scot- 
tish Stewart  kings)  and  John  (the  ancestor 
of  Lord  Darnley)— appear  to  have  borne  the 
name  of  Stewart. 

The  name  of  the  Hanoverian  dynasty  may 
be  doubtful,  but  George  I.  appears  to  have 
descended  in  a  direct  line  from  Guelf  I., 
Duke  of  Bavaria,  of  the  eleventh  century  ; 
and  the  institution  of  the  Guelphic  Order  by 
George  IV.  seems  to  suggest  the  adoption  of 
the  name  by  the  heads  of  the  royal  family 
themselves.  There  is,  however,  I  believe,  no 
doubt  as  to  the  surname  of  King  Ed- 
ward VII.  (Wettin).  J.  FOSTER  PALMER. 

8,  Royal  Avenue,  S.W. 

WEATHERCOCK  (10th  S.  iii.  288,  334).— There 
is  no  difficulty,  because  the  oldest  sense  of 
weather  is  "  wind."  To  this  day  the  cognate 
Russ.  vietr'  and  Swed.  vdder  retain  the  sense 
of  "  wind."  Wea-ther  is  lit.  "  blow-er,"  and 
wind  is  lit.  "  blowing,"  both  from  the  same 
root,  viz.,  the  Indogermanic  base  we,  to 
blow ;  whence  Skt.  vd,  to  blow,  Gk.  a-^-fjn 
(for  *3.-(i)Y]-/j.i\  I  blow.  Explained  in  my 
'Concise  Etym.  Diet.'  under  the  words 
weather  and  ivind.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

SADLER'S  WELLS  PLAY  ALLUDED  TO  BY 
WORDSWORTH  :  "  THE  BEAUTY  OF  BUTTER- 
MERE  "  (10th  S.  i.  7,  70,  96, 136).— When  raising 
this  discussion  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  I  threw  out  the 
suggestion  that  "the  favourite  burletta 
'Edward  and  Susan'"  was  the  play  in  ques- 
tion, but  unfortunately,  in  copying  the 
extract,  I  made  a  mistake  in  the  title.  The 
letter  of  MR.  E.  RIMBAULT  DIBDIN  (10th  S.  i. 
136),  which  puts  the  matter  beyond  doubt, 
shows  that  my  surmise  was  correct.  "  The 
lyrics,  with  descriptions  of  the  scenery,  in 
many  of  my  grandfather's  Sadler's  Wells 
pieces  were  printed,"  says  MR.  DIBDIN,  but 
adds,  "I  have  not  seen  a  copy  of  this  one." 


Fortunately  he  will  find  a  copy  of  the  songs 
in  'Edward  and  Susan1  in  vol.  iii.  of  the 
'Collections  relative  to  Sadler's  Wells 
Theatre'  (Brit.  Mus.  Catalogue,  Grace,  i. 
Tab.  4-5  b). 

Although  we  are  told  in  many  of  the 
accounts  of  the  "  Beauty  of  Buttermere"  that 
numerous  dramas  and  tales  were  founded 
on  her  story,  the  play  alluded  to  by  Words- 
worth is  the  only  one  that  I  have  been  able 
to  discover ;  and,  likewise,  the  only  novel  I 
have  seen  is  entitled  'James  Hatfield  and  the 
Beauty  of  Butterraere,'  3  vols.,  Colburn,  1841. 
Possibly  your  readers  can  give  the  names  of 
others.  HORACE  BLEACKLEY. 

'  THE  LASS  OF  RICHMOND  HILL  '  (10th  S.  iii. 
66, 289,334).— Those  interested  in  the  I'Anson 
family  may  be  glad  to  know  of  a  monument 
in  the  church  of  Ashby  St.  Ledgers,  North- 
amptonshire, to  Bryan  I'Anson,  Esq.,  who 
purchased  the  manor  in  1612.  It  is  on  the 
north  wall  of  the  chancel,  and  contains  the 
following  inscription  : — 

Here  lieth  the  bodie  of  Brian 

I'Anson  Esqvier  somtime  cit 

tizen  &  Draper  of  London 

&  lined  for  Aldernian  &  She 

riff  of  the  same  Cittie  & 

afterward  High  Sheriff  of 

y°  Countie  of  Buckingham  & 

was  the  first  purchaser  of 

this  Manor  of  Ashby  Ledgers 

with  the  parsonage  and  vovsan 

of  the  Vicaridge  whose  sovle 

resteth  in  Heaven  &  departed 

this  myserable  world  the 

daye  of 

(Here  the  inscription  abruptly  terminates,  ifc 
never  having  been  finished.)  On  the  monu- 
ment are  figures  of  a  man  and  woman  kneel- 
ing at  a  faldstool,  and  the  following  children 
are  also  depicted  :— Sons  :  Richard,  Clement, 
S.  Brian,  John  James.  Daughters :  Eliz. 
Hannan,  Ann,  Margret  Eliz.  (the  last 
swathed).  The  following  arms  are  given 
between  lines  9  and  10  of  inscription : 
Quarterly,  Azure  and  gules,  a  cross  flory 
and  chief  or ;  impaling  a  fess  between  three 
crescents  (tinctures  gone).  On  the  front  of 
the  faldstool  is  as  follows  :  Azure,  three  (a 
curious  device,  something  like  a  branched 
candelabrum  surmounted  by  an  orb)  or  and 
gules.  On  a  shield  at  head :  Quarterly, 
Azure  and  gules,  a  cross  flory  and  chief 
or.  On  the  monument  is  also  inscribed  the 
motto :  "  Jacta  cogitatu  in  Domino  &  ipse 
te  mutriat  [sic]."  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

SHACKLEWELL  (10th  S.  iii.  288).— Charles 
Lamb  does  not  appear  to  have  lived  at  any 
time  in  Shacklewell  itself,  but  he  had  lodgings 


10*8.  HI.  MAY  6,  1903.]  NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


353 


at  various  times  between  1816  and  1823  at 
14,  Kingsland  Road,  Dalston.  He,  however, 
refers  in  two  of  his  'Essays  of  Elia'  to  the 
former  place,  viz.,  'The  South-Sea  House' 
and  'The  New  and  Old  Schoolmaster.'  It 
would  be  most  interesting  to  know  if  the 
house  in  Kingsland  Eoad  still  exists,  as  the 
following  essays  were  probably  written  there: 
'The  South-Sea  House,'  'All  Fools'  Day,'  'A 
Quakers'  Meeting,'  '  The  Old  and  New 
Schoolmaster,'  'My  Relations,'  'Grace  before 
Meat,'  'Dream  Children,'  'Distant  Corre- 
spondents,' and  'The  Praise  of  Chimney - 
Sweeps.' 

Is  it  not  high  time  that  tablets  were 
placed  on  all  the  houses  that  still  remain 
where  Charles  Lamb  lived  at  various  times'? 
This  act  of  grace  would  only  mean  a  matter 
of  a  few  pounds,  and  there  are  surely  Lamb- 
lovers  in  abundance  to  whom  such  an  appeal 
would  meet  with  a  ready  response. 

S.   BUTTERWORTH. 

Being  one  of  Lamb's  most  ardent  admirers* 
I  have  carefully  followed  his  rather  numerous 
wanderings.  In  the  north  and  north-east  of 
London  I  have  never  heard  more  than  three 
places  mentioned  :  Lamb's  Cottage,  at  Ed- 
monton ;  Colebrooke  Row,  in  Islington  ;  and 
a  house — one  of  an  old  row — at  the  entrance 
of  Dalston  (not  Shacklewell)  Lane;  but, 
alas  !  the  neighbourhood  has  been  so  altered 
and  vulgarized  that  it  is  impossible  to  trace 
it.  It  would  have  been  easy  to  walk  about 
Shacklewell,  as  it  was,  and  is,  only  five  or  ten 
minutes'  walk  from  Dalston  Lane. 

MATILDA  POLLARD. 

Belle  Vue,  Bengeo. 

ROCQUE'S  AND  HORWOOD'S  MAPS  OF  LONDON 
(10th  S.  iii.  187,  274).— MR.  COLEMAN'S  state- 
ment that  Horwood's  map  was  published  in 
1794  is  apparently  based  upon  the  descrip- 
tion in  the  Crace  Catalogue,  which  is  inac- 
curate. There  are  seven  copies  of  the  map  in 
the  British  Museum,  including  two  in  the 
Crace  Collection.  In  all  these  copies  the 
sheets  are  marked  from  A  to  H,  and  num- 
bered 1  to  4.  The  A  and  B  sheets  are  of 
various  dates,  B  2  being  dated  1792;  B  1, 
1793  ;  A  1,  A  2,  A  3,  and  A  4,  1794  ;  and  B  3 
and  B  4,  1795.  All  the  other  sheets,  from  C 
to  H,  are  dated  1799.  In  the  British  Museum 
Map  Catalogue  these  are  properly  referred 
to  as  ''London,  1792-99."  In  the  Crace 
Catalogue,  however,  the  copy  (London  Maps, 
Portfolio  V.)  No.  173  is  stated  to  have  been 
published  in  1794,  and  the  copy  numbered 
174  is  stated  to  be  a  later  edition  of  the 
above;  the  dates  on  the  sheets  are,  however, 
identical.  If  MR.  COLEMAN  will  refer  to  his 


copy,  he  will  probably  see  that,  like  all  the 
copies  in  the  British  Museum,  it  is  variously 
dated.  There  are  some  trifling  discrepancies 
in  the  various  copies  bearing  the  same  dates. 
In  one  of  the  copies  in  the  British  Museum 
(S.  14,  7)  there  is  a  duplicate  impression  of 
sheets  A  1  and  B  1  with  a  view  at  the  top, 
seven  inches  deep,  with  cattle  and  figures  in 
the  foreground.  In  the  other  copies  this  has- 
been  erased,  and  the  map  has  been  continued 
over  the  space  occupied  by  the  view.  In, 
one  of  the  copies  in  the  Crace  Collection- 
(No.  174)  in  sheet  A  1  the  figure  of  a  phoenix 
has  been  printed  over  the  original  plate,  the 
engraving  of  the  map  showing  through. 
There  is  a  copy  of  the  second  edition  (1807) 
of  the  map  in  the  British  Museum,  and  also  a 
copy  of  the  fourth  edition  (1819),  both  pub- 
lished by  W.  Faden.  The  Guildhall  Library 
has  a  copy  of  the  map,  described  in  the 
Catalogue  as  the  third  edition,  published  by 
Faden,  4  June,  1807-13.  In  one  of  the  copies 
in  the  British  Museum  (1  Tab.  22)  there  is  a 
list  of  subscribers.  This  is  probably  the 
answer  to  MR.  ASHBRIDGE'S  question  oa 
p.  187.  H.  A.  HARBEN. 

107,  Westbourne  Terrace,  W. 

COLOSSEUM  v.  COLISEUM  (10th  S.  iii.  2G7). — 
In  my  opinion  the  projector  of  that  great 
marvel  of  the  present  day,  the  Coliseum,  has 
done  well  to  give  the  spelling  that  is  akin  to 
the  pronunciation.  It  is  thus  much  more 
likely  to  hit  the  public  taste.  There  is  a 
more  foreign,  clumsy,  and  archaic  look  about 
Colosseum.  I  use  the  word  "  marvel "  not  for 
the  performances,  which  I  have  not  seen,  but 
for  the  astounding  speed  with  which  the  place 
was  built.  One  day  it  seemed  to  be  an- 
nounced, and  a  few  days  after  it  seemed  to- 
have  grown  up  like  a  vast  mushroom. 

RALPH  THOMAS. 

LINES  ON  A  MUG  (10th  S.  iii.  228).— I  have 
one  of  these  two-handled  mugs,  with  the 
lines  quoted  by  MR.  MARKS,  which  are  set  in 
a  scroll  and  leaf  border,  with  a  spiggoted 
barrel  at  the  beginning  of  the  fourth  line 
and  an  old-shaped  bottle  with  glass  at  the 
end.  On  the  other  side  of  the  mug  is  a 
complicated  decoration  :  in  a  circle  is  an 
upright  sheaf  of  wheat  with  uncut  corn  at 
back ;  on  the  rim  of  the  circle  "  In  God  is 
our  trust,"  and  on  the  lower  part  of  the  rim, 
"The  Farmer's  Arms."  On  this  side  are 
three  compartments,  two  of  them  next  either 
handle,  the  third  at  the  top  of  the  central 
circle,  and  in  these  compartments  more  of 
the  lines  on  the  other  side  are  repeated. 
Between  the  compartments  are  circles  in 
which  are  shown  many  articles  used  io 


354 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       cio-  B.  in.  MAY  6,  was. 


husbandry— flail,  rakes,  forks,  spade,  shovel, 
shears,  scythe,  large  and  small  measures. 
Neither  side,  however,  shows  the  complete 
•designs,  and  the  transfers  were  evidently 
made  for  larger  mugs,  as  there  are  portions 
•shown  of  another  compartment  at  bottom, 
two  other  circles  in  which  are  portions  of 
-an  old-fashioned  scales  and  beam,  a  sieve,  and 
•a  mash  or  brewing  tub.  The  handles  have  a 
thistle  in  flower  decoration.  Round  the 
inside,  an  inch  deep,  is  a  rose  -  leaf  and 
clover  decoration.  THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 

Worktop. 

CHRISTOPHER  SMART  AND  THE  MADHOUSE 
<10th  S.  iii.  221,  276).— I  know  what  Mr.  Gosse 
has  said  on  this  subject,  but  I  fail  to  see  that 
Smart  was  absent  from  Cambridge  becaitse  lie 
^vas  confined  in  a  madhouse.  The  order 
•quoted  says  that  Mr.  Smart  is  allowed,  in 
lieu  of  commons,  101.  up  to  Michaelmas,  1751. 
Mr.  Gosse  ('Gossip  in  a  Library,'  p.  190) 
says:  "In  October,  1751,  Gray  curtly  re- 
marks, 'Smart  sets  out  for  Bedlam.'"  In 
the  letter  from  which  he  quotes  there  is  no 
mention  whatever  of  Smart  by  name  ;  but 
that  is  a  trifle,  for,  as  I  have  said,  it  is  quite 
•clear  that  the  man  referred  to,  whoever  he 
was,  is  at  Walpole's  service  if  he  cares  to 
have  him,  and  therefore  is  not  really  setting 
out  for  Bedlam.  But  if  the  order  of  the 
Treasury  proves  anything  concerning  Smart's 
•confinement  in  a  madhouse,  it  proves  that  he 
was  so  confined  before  October,  1751,  for  the 
payment  is  for  a  past  period  up  to  29  Sep- 
tember. So,  again,  if  the  passage  (8  October) 
to  Walpole  refers  to  Smart,  he  is  really  a 
free  man  at  the  date  of  Gray's  letter.  But 
the  truth  is,  of  course,  that  Smart  has  to 
keep  away  from  college  and  \ieperdu  because 
he  is  beset  with  duns  and  generally  un- 
bearable, and  the  authorities,  and  perhaps 
his  care  for  his  own  safety,  enforce  his 
absence. 

Let  me  remove  another  misconception.  On 
27  November,  1753,  it  is 

"ordered  that  the  dividend  assigned  to  Mr.  Smart 
be  deposited  in  the  treasury  until  the  Society  be 
satisfied  that  he  has  a  right  to  the  same,  it  being 
credibly  reported  that  he  has  been  married  for 
some  time,  and  that  notice  be  sent  to  Mr.  Smart  of 
Jiis  dividend  being  detained." 

Mr.  Gosse  asserts  that,  in  spite  of  this 
•order  and  the  fact  that  Smart  was  married 
in  1753,  he  was  allowed  to  retain  his  fellow- 
ship. He  bases  this  inference  upon  the 
order  of  16  January,  1754  : — 

"  That  Mr.  Smart  have  leave  to  keep  his  name  on 
the  College  Books  without  any  expense,  so  long  as 
lie  continues  to  write  for  the  premium  left  by  Mr. 
Seaton." 


The  truth  is,  obviously,  that  Smart  is  too 
poor  to  keep  his  name  on  the  books,  which 
any  member  of  a  college  may  do  by  the  pay- 
ment of  a  small  annual  fee.  It  is  necessary 
that  Smart's  name  should  be  so  kept  if  he  is 
to  compete  for  the  Seatonian  prize,  and  he 
probably  applies  for,  and  certainly  obtains, 
this  from  the  college  without  payment.  That 
he  forfeited  his  fellowship  after  marriage  is 
unquestionable. 

Though  it  is  a  subordinate  detail,  I  must 
add  that  I  am  more  and  more  convinced  that 
the  man  of  whom  Gray  speaks  in  the  letter 
of  8  October,  1751,  is  not  Smart.  Gray  says, 
"We  have  a  man  here" — that  is  at  Cam- 
bridge; but  Smart  is  not  at  Cambridge.  In 
my  view  he  does  not  venture  to  show  himself 
there.  The  allowance  is  made  for  him  as 
absent  up  to  29  September.  Is  it  to  be 
contended  that  between  that  date  and 
8  October  he  turned  up  again  at  Pembroke 
College  ?  For  what  conceivable  reason  ? 

D.  C.  TOVEY. 

Worplesdon  Rectory,  Guildford. 

MASONS'  MARKS  (10th  S.  iii.  228,  296,  332).— 
These  do  not  belong  to  the  mason.  Each  is 
the  mark  or  tally  of  the  quarryman  who  got 
out  the  stone.  Figures  or  numbers  are  used 
to-day.  In  any  building  where  the  marks 
remain  they  are  seen  differing  and  closely 
mixed,  just  being  chance  marks  on  the  stones 
when  they  were  used,  and  not  as  referring  to 
the  mason  who  laid  them.  If  they  referred 
to  the  mason  there  must  have  been  a  fresh 
man  for  every  varying  mark ;  thus  hardly  two 
consecutive  stones  would  have  been  laid  by 
the  same  man.  They  are  found  only  on  the 
upper  parts  of  buildings,  or  on  walls  where 
not  combed  down.  They  helped  also  to  show 
the  bed  of  the  stone.  E.  GREEN. 

EPIGRAM  ON  A  ROSE  (10th  S.  iii.  309).— I 
have  just  read  this  epigram  in  a  manuscript 
book  of  poetical  extracts,  dated  October, 
1843,  but  the  wording  differs  slightly  from 
that  of  your  correspondent  F.  W.,  with  an 
additional  verse.  The  two  verses  in  the 
manuscript  book  are  as  follows  : — 

Should  this  fair  rose  offend  thy  sight, 

Placed  in  thy  bosom  bare, 
'Twill  blush  to  find  itself  less  white, 

And  turn  Lancastrian  there. 

But  if  thy  ruby  lips  it  spy, 

To  kiss  it  shouldst  thou  deign, 
With  blushes  pale  'twill  lose  its  dye, 

And  Yorkist  turn  again. 

There  is  a  note  that  "  these  lines  were  pre- 
sented by  Lionel,  Duke  of  Clarence,  of  the 
House  of  York,  to  Lady  Elizabeth  de  Burgh, 
of  the  House  of  Lancaster."  This  poetical 


in.  MAY  e,  loos.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


355 


conceit  must  be  assigned  to  a  purely  con- 
jectural authorship.  JAMES  WATSON. 

Folkestone- 

In  K  Locker-Larnpson's  '  Lyra  Elegantia- 
rum'  ("Minerva  Library"  edition,  Ward, 
Lock  &  Co.,  1891),  cclxxxv.,  '  The  White  Rose' 
is  "ascribed  to  James  Somerville."  The 
verses,  as  given  there,  are  : — 

If  this  fair  rose  offend  thy  sight, 

Placed  in  thy  bosom  bare, 
'Twill  blush  to  n'nd  itself  less  white, 

And  turn  Lancastrian  there. 

But  if  thy  ruby  lip  it  spy, — 
As  kiss  it  thou  mayst  deign, — 

With  envy  pale  'twill  lose  its  dye, 
And  Yorkist  turn  again. 

P.  G.  C. 

The  original  version,  I  think,  ran  thus  : — 

Say,  pretty  Tory,  where 's  the  jest 
Of  wearing  orange  on  thy  breast, 
When  that  same  breast,  confessing,  shows 
The  whiteness  of  the  rebel  rose  ? 

R.  B. 

I  am  unable  to  name  the  author  of  this 
-epigram,  but  it  may  be  of  interest  to  recall 
the  lines  addressed  by  Lord  Chesterfield, 
when  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland,  to  Miss 
Ambrose : — 

*Say,  lovely  traitor,  where 's  the  jest 
Of  wearing  orange  in  your  breast, 
While  that  breast,  upheaving,  shows 
The  whiteness  of  the  rebel  rose? 

LANCE  H.  HUGHES. 
'[Reply  by  SCRGEON-GEXERAL  MOIR  next  week.] 

LOCAL  GOVERNMENT  RECORDS  (10th  S.  in. 
287,  337).— Have  MR.  AND  MRS.  WEBB  seen 
'Quarter  Sessions  from  Queen  Elizabeth  to 
Queen  Anne,'  by  Mr.  A.  H.  A.  Hamilton, 
published  in  1878  ?  The  book  deals  chiefly 
with  the  county  of  Devon.  If  they  have 
not,  I  shall  be  pleased  to  supply  them  with 
information,  or,  as  the  work  is  somewhat 
.scarce,  to  lend  them  my  copy.  A.  J.  DAVY. 

'Torquay. 

THEATRE,  PARKGATE  (10th  S.  iii.  289).— MR. 
ALECK  ABRAHAMS'S  problem  admits  of  easy 
solution.  The  playbills  in  his  possession  were 
issued  from  some  temporary  playhouse  in 
Parkgate,  Cheshire,  and  were  printed  in 
Holy  well,  on  the  other  side  of  the  River  Dee. 
The  Drury  Lane  mentioned  on  the  bills  in 
the  enumeration  of  places  where  tickets 
could  be  procured  was  certainly  not  Drury 
Lane  iu  London,  and  was  doubtless  a  locality 
in  or  about  Parkgate. 

Whatever  it  may  be  now,  Parkgate  during 
the  eighteenth  century,  and  possibly  for  a 
score  of  years  later,  was  a  place  of  consider- 


able resort  and  activity.  What  Holyhead  is 
now  Parkgate  was  then.  Travellers  from 
London  to  Dublin  generally  put  up  at 
Chester  until  such  time  as  favouring  winds 
enabled  them  to  embark  at  Parkgate.  Some- 
times designing  innkeepers  lured  them  to  the 
port  by  false  intelligence,  and  there  they  had 
to  remain,  ill-housed,  praying  for  auspicious 
gales.  Many  players,  great  and  small,  must 
have  sojourned  at  Chester  and  Parkgate  in 
remoter  times.  When  they  happened  to 
arrive  there  in  the  summer,  at  a  time  when 
the  Dublin  and  London  theatres  were  closed, 
they  may  possibly  have  rested  awhile  and 
sought  to  turn  an  honest  penny  by  giving 
performances  in  the  neighbourhood.  May  I 
hope  that  some  one  with  plenty  of  leisure 
and  abundance  of  enthusiasm  will  write  a 
history  of  the  drama  in  Chester  ? 

W.  J.  LAWRENCE. 

This  was  ab  Parkgate,  near  Neston,  on 
the  Dee.  In  Mr.  Gallichan's  'Cheshire,'  just 
published  in  Methuen's  "  Little  Guides," 
p.  163,  it  is  stated,  "  There  was  once  a  theatre 
in  the  town,  in  which  the  leading  actors  of 
the  day  played  to  distinguished  audiences." 

MR.  ALECK  ABRAHAMS  is  a  little  astray 
in  suggesting  that  the  bills  he  possesses  relate 
to  Nottingham  or  Knightsbridge.  They 
have  reference  to  a  theatre  which  once  existed 
at  Parkgate,  near  Birkenhead,  on  the  Wirral 
Promontory  of  Cheshire.  The  bills  were 
probably  printed  at  Holywell,  in  Flintshire, 
which  would  be  easily  accessible  from  Park- 
gate  across  the  Dee  sands  when  the  tide  was 
low. 

The  theatre  was  under  the  management  of 
Mr.  Sam  Ryley,  a  noted  actor  in  the  early 
part  of  the  nineteenth  century.  He  resided 
in  a  small  house  (which  I  well  remember 
seeing  when  I  was  a  boy)  on  the  shore  at 
Parkgate.  He  lived  there  with  his  wife, 
without  servants  or  children.  Parkgate  was 
at  that  time  a  very  fashionable  resort,  and  in 
the  summer  months  Ryley  had  a  company 
who  gave  a  series  of  entertainments  at  the 
"Parkgate  Theatre"  (formerly  the  herring 
house),  near  the  present  Union  Hotel.  Ryley 
and  his  wife,  I  believe,  lie  buried  in  Neston 
Churchyard.  I  have  before  me  the  nine 
volumes  of  his  4  Itinerant '—a  very  scarce 
work.  The  copy  is  unique,  having  been  the 
property  of,  and  containing  the  autograph 
of,  Albert  Smith,  the  popular  novelist  and 
entertainer.  The  books  are  a  sketchy  but 
readable  account  of  the  wanderings  of  Ryley 
and  his  company  all  over  England. 

T.  CASK  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 

Lancaster. 


356 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io»  a.  HI.  MAY  e. 


ROGESTVENSKY  (10th  S.  iii.  304).— The  y  in 
this  form  is  misleading,  as  the  pronunciation 
of  the  admiral's  name  is  Rozhestvensky  (see 
my  note  on  Russian  names,  ante,  p.  260)- 
There  is  no  suggestion  of  d,  although  I 
observe  that  The  Times,  inter  alia,  writes 
the  name  as  though  it  were  related  to  the 
Christmas  festival.  The  abbreviations  "Roj " 
and  "Rodgy"  are  in  the  true  cockney  music- 
hall  vein.  FRANCIS  P.  MARCHANT. 

Streatham  Common. 

PROF.  LAUGHTON  is  doubtless  quite  right 
about  the  admiral's  way  of  writing  his  name ; 
but  the  g,  or  more  properly  /,  is  emphatically 
soft,  not  hard.  Russians  are  not  very  reliable 
about  transliterating  their  own  language. 
The  word  from  which  the  name  is  formed 
is  Rojdestvo  (  =  Nativity),  but  for  some 
reason  the  d  is  dropped,  possibly  for  euphony. 
I  spoke  of  such  a  reason  once  to  a  pupil  of 
mine,  who  replied,  "Fancy  a  language  which 
begins  a  word  with  vzgly  [v2gr/?/a5=glance  or 
look]  talking  of  euphony  ! "  The  zh  spelling 
is  much  used.  I  agree  with  the  Professor 
as  to  its  being  misleading.  Perhaps  some 
reader  can  tell  me  where  it  comes  from, 
possibly  Czech.  It  is  certainly  not  Polish. 

H.  HAVELOCK. 

[MR.  MARCHANT,  in  the  note  to  which  he  refers 
above,  suggests  that  the  admiral's  name  comes  from 
rozh,  barley,  or  rozha,  a  face.  ] 

COCKADE  (10th  S.  ii.  407,  537).— If  not  too 
late,  I  should  like  to  add  t»  the  editorial  note 
of  references  to  this  subject— namely,  the 
right  to  use  cockades— what  has  been  pithily 
said  on  the  matter  by  that  excellent  herald 
and  old  correspondent  of  '  N.  &  Q.,'  the  late 
Dr.  Woodward,  in  vol.  ii.  p.  376  of  his  work 
on  '  Heraldry  :  English  and  Foreign '  (1896) : 

"  The  use  of  the  cockade  by  their  livery  servants 
has  been  supposed  to  be  limited  to  officers  in  the 
armyand  navy,  militia,  and  volunteers;  to  members 
of  the  Royal  Household  ;  and  to  those  (e.y.,  deputy- 
lieutenants)  who  hold  the  sovereign's  commission. 
But  this  is  by  custom,  and  by  custom  only.  To  be 
consistent  those  who  insist  on  the  use  of  cockades 
as  a  matter  of  right  and  privilege  should  wear 
them  themselves." 

From  this  instancing  of  deputy-lieutenants 
of  counties  as  being  customarily  entitled  to 
this  privilege,  Dr.  Woodward  would  seem  to 
infer  that  "ordinary  J.P.s,"  as  mentioned  by 
your  correspondent.,  would  not  be  so  entitled, 
the  reason  probably  being  that  their  commis- 
sions emanate  from  the  lord  lieutenant  of  the 
county  only,  and  not  from  the  sovereign, 
from  whom,  presumably,  the  deputy- 
lieutenants  proceed.  I  cannot  do  better 
than  refer  EAST  GRINSTEAD  to  what  Dr. 
Woodward  has  written  on  this  subject,  and 
of  which  I  myself  made  use  in  a  previous 


contribution  to  '  N.  &  Q.'  on  the  Hanoverian- 
cockade  some  few  years  ago. 

J.  S.  UDAL,  F.S.A. 
Antigua,  W.I. 

SATAN'S  AUTOGRAPH  (10th  S.  iii.  268).— 
Anthony  Wood,  in  his  'Life  and  Times'  (ed.. 
Andrew  Clark,  1891,  i.  498),  under  date  29  Sep- 
tember, 1663,  mentions  how  the  king  and 
queen,  then  upon  a  visit  to  Oxford,  were 
shown  over  Queen's  College,  which  since 
those  days  has  been  entirely  rebuilt.  From 
the  chapel  they  went  into  the  library  "  to  see 
the  divell's  hand."  A  facsimile  of  the  infernal 
script  faces  the  page,  and  a  long  note  at  the 
foot  of  the  latter  gives  the  following  explana- 
tion from  The  Oxford  Magazine  (1890) : — 

"19  Aug.,  1710,  Z.  C.  von  Uffenbach  says:  'In 
the  morning  we  saw  Queen's  College Our  guide- 
showed  us  a  book  said  to  have  been  written  by  the 

Devil,    "Ambrosii introductio   in    Chaldaicani 

linguam  "  (Papiae,  1539),  where,  at  f.  212  v°,  are 
"Ludovici  Spoletani  praecepta,  sive,  ut  vulgo- 
dicitur,  coniuratio  cum  subscripta  IJAEMONTS  re- 
sponsione."  The  letters  look  like  Chinese.'  The 
book  narrates  how  an  Italian  conjured  the  arch- 
fiend, '  per  Talion,  Ansion,  et  Amlion,'  to  tell  him. 
whether  all  the  property  which  devolved  to  him  by 
right  had  been  received,  and  if  not  where  the  rest 

was.     No  sooner  had  this question  been  written 

down,  than  an  unseen  hand  whisked  up  the  pen  and 
scribbled  at  a  great  pace  a  most  remarkable  reply, 
in  letters  based  on  old  Iberic,  and  probably  chosen 
for  the  profusion  of  prongs  and  tridents  which  em- 
bellish the  alphabet.  Unfortunately,  just  as  the 
excitement  is  rising  as  to  the  real  nature  of  the 
response,  Ambrosius  says  coolly  that  he  did  not  care 
much  to  unravel  the  answer,  since  no  good  comes 
of  investigating  such  things :  and  no  one  else  has 
deciphered  a  letter  of  it  so  as  to  form  any  sense. 
The  Bodleian  had  a  copy,  from  which  a  collector  of 
autographs  had  cut  out  tl\e  engraving  in  question :. 
an  unnmtilated  copy  has  recently  been  presented. 
In  the  Queen's  College  copy  the  page  is  well 
thumbed,  and  testifies  to  the  interest  excited  by 
the  story." 

A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

The  latest  reports  show  that  there  are- 
divers  persons  on  sufficiently  intimate  terms 
to  have  acquired  one,  but  it  does  not  appear 
that  they  are  so  proud  of  it  as  of  other 
examples  in  their  collection.  This  difficulty 
being  excepted,  there  is  a  facsimile  of  "  the 
only  known  specimen "  of  Satanic  writing 
given  as  a  frontispiece  to  Mr.  John  Ashton's 
work  'The  Devil  in  Britain  and  America, 
1896.  It  is  taken  from  the  'Introductio  in 
Chaldaicam  Linguam,'  <fec.,  by  Albonesi 
(Pavia,  1532).  Mr.  Ashton  was  told  by  ex- 
perts that  in  some  of  the  characters  may  be 
found  a  trace  of  Amharic,  a  language  which 
is  spoken  in  its  purity  in  the  province  of 
Amhara  (Ethiopia),  and  which,  according  to 
a  legend  (so  we  are  informed  in  the  preface, 


ID'- s.  iii.  MAY  6,  loos.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


357 


,p.  vi),  was  the  primeval  language  spoken  in 
Eden.  J.  HOLDBN  MACMICHAEL. 

In  G.  Dennis's  '  Guide  to  Sicily '  (Murray, 
1864)  the  following  occurs  in  the  account  of 
the  Cathedral  of  Girgenti  : — 

"  But  what  is  shewn  as  a  great  curiosity  is  a 
scrawl  in  some  unintelligible  character,  which 
purports  to  be  a  letter  written  by  his  Satanic 
Majesty  with  his  finger  nails,  and  addressed  to  a 
nun,  dated  11  August,  1676,  the  only  portion  of  the 
«pistle  that  is  legible.  Its  genuineness  no  one  in 
•Girgenti  ventures  to  call  in  question." 

J.  F.  R. 

TWINS  (10th  S.  Hi.  249,  318).— Some  amus- 
ing anecdotes  relating  to  the  close  resemblance 
of  twins  are  to  be  found  in  'Memoirs  of  the 
Gemini  Generals '  (London,  Innes  &  Co., 
1896),  pp.  4-8.  To  quote  them  would  occupy 
much  space,  and  seems  unnecessary,  as  the 
book  can  be  purchased  from  any  bookseller 
at  a  small  price.  Moreover,  the  profits  on  its 
sale  go  to  the  Gordon  Boys'  Home.  W.  S. 

MR.  MOXHAY,  LEICESTER  SQUARE  Snow- 
.MAN  (10th  S.  iii.  307).— The  only  building  ever 
erected  in  the  centre  of  Leicester  Square  was 
the  "  Great  Globe."  The  lease  was  granted 
in  1851  to  Mr.  Wyld,  the  geographer,  for  ten 
years.  In  1861  Mr.  Wyld  took  down  his 
.globe  in  pursuance  of  his  agreement.  The 
garden  being  in  a  neglected  state,  the  Metro- 
politan Board  of  Works,  in  1865,  took  posses- 
sion of  it,  under  26  Viet.  cap.  13.  An  action 
was  then  entered  by  the  Tulk  family,  and 
.the  Board  were  declared  trespassers.  Baron 
Albert  Grant  subsequently  purchased  the 
site,  and  handed  it  over  to  the  Board  of 
"Works  as  the  representative  of  the  metro- 
politan public. 

MR.  C.  A.  WARD  wrote  in  5th  S.  ii.  91  :— 
"  About  the  year  1847,  perhaps,  Mr.  Moxey,  archi- 
tect of  the  Hall  of  Commerce,  now  the  Consolidated 
Bank  in  the  City  [Threadneedle  Street],  was  treat- 
ing for  the  square,  and  had  absolutely  acquired,  or 
supposed  he  had  acquired,  the  right  to  remove  the 
^statue,  and  he  offered  it  to  a  friend  of  mine." 

This  accounts  for  Mr.  Moxhay's  connexion 
with  the  square  in  question. 

EVERARD   HOME   COLEMAX. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

IRISH  FOLK-LORE  (10th  S.  iii.  204,  313).— 
Nearly  sixty  years  ago  my  father  was 
quartered  with  his  regiment  at  Athlone. 
The  man  who  used  to  act  as  his  "gillie  "  out 
shooting  there  remarked  on  one  occasion 
"that  he  did  not  dare  do  so-and-so,  because  his 
priest  would  not  like  it.  My  father  asked 
him  what  the  priest,  if  displeased,  could  do 
to  him,  and  the  reply,  given  with  every  sign 
of  conviction,  was,  "Sure  he  could  turn  me 
into  a  rabbit."  H. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  to. 
Aucassin   and   Nicolete.      Done    into    English   by 

Andrew  Lang.    Illustrated   by    Gilbert   James. 

(Routledge  &  Sons.) 

EDITIONS  of  Mr.  Lang's  masterly  translation  of  the 
naive  and  delicious  chantefable  of  4  Aucassin  and 
Nicolete,'  one  of  the  most  attractive  products  of 
mediaeval  literature,  multiply  apace.  In  November 
last  we  chronicled  the  appearance  of  an  edition  de 
luxe,  issued  by  Mr.  Nutt  (see  10th  S.  ii.  420),  and 
we  have  now  before  us  another  and  not  less 
enviable  possession  in  the  shape  of  a  volume  of 
the  attractive  "Photogravure  Series."  In  this 
pleasing  and  eminently  artistic  form  it  is  a  com- 
panion volume  to  the  '  Omar  Khayyam '  and  the 
4  Paradise  Lost,'  on  the  merits  of  which  we  have 
dwelt.  Mr.  Gilbert  James's  plates  are  twelve  in 
number,  and  are  both  original  and  striking. 
'Nicolete  in  Carthage'  constitutes  an  attractive 
frontispiece.  'Nicolete  as  Prisoner'  is  prettily 
imaginative,  showing  the  heroine  with  hands 
outstretched  for  aid  from  a  window  in  a  pignon. 
'  Aucassin  on  his  Charger '  is  bold  and  dramatic, 
and  '  Nicolete  Washed  and  Bathed '  is  pretty  and 
idyllic.  "He  kissed  her  lips  and  brows  and  eyes " 
might  with  advantage  have  disclosed  a  little  more 
passion.  Almost  the  only  fault  we  can  find  with 
the  illustrations  is  that  we  have  not  a  single  view 
of  "  the  fair  white  feet  of  Nicolete,"  as  described  in 
the  delightful  burden  to  Mr.  Graham  Tomson's 
happy  prefatory  ballad.  The  work  is  one  the  art- 
lover  should  haste  to  secure.  It  is  satisfactory  to 
note  the  promise  in  the  same  series  of  Blair's 
'Grave,'  with  Blake's  plates.  For  this  we  wait 
with  some  impatience,  an  accessible  reproduction 
being  a  desideratum. 

Ix  The  Fortnightly  Lucas  Malet  contemplates 
with  equanimity  the  foreseen  '  Resubjection  of 
Women.'  We  will  not  dispute  her  vaticinatory 
utterances,  but  are  rather  struck  with  some  of  her 
observations  on  her  own  sex.  The  girl  who  has 
once  experienced  the  joys  of  independence,  or 
"  even  the  minor  excitements  of  going  forth  daily 

to  business finds  the  confinement  of  home-staying 

and  the  manifold  detail  of  housekeeping  intolerable. 
She  has,  in  point  of  fact,  become  nomadic."  If  these 
things  be  so,  then,  indeed,  are  surprises  in  store. 
Another  prophetess  is  Ouida,  who  sees  in  the 
present  war  the  menace  of  the  yellow  peril.  Mr. 
H.  B.  Irving's  'The  Calling  of  the  Actor'  consists 
of  a  lecture  given  to  the  Academy  of  Dramatic  Art. 
A  valuation  of  Mr.  Stephen  Phillips  by  Mr.  E.  A. 
Wodehouse  decides  that  Mr.  Phillips  is  a  lyrist, 
and  not  a  dramatist  at  all.  The  general  estimate 
is  unfavourable.  'The  Real  Chrysanthemum'  is 
devoted  to  the  account,  and  in  part  the  laudation, 
of  the  Samurai  woman.  Sir  Squire  Bancroft's 
'Dramatic  Thoughts  :  Retrospective,  Anticipative,' 
were  first  given  to  the  world  in  a  lecture  at  the 
Royal  Institution. — In  The  Nineteenth  Century  Mr. 
Daniel  Crilly  writes  of  '  The  After-Diiiuer  Oratory 
of  America,'  giving  several  amusing  stories,  one  or 
two  of  which  are  to  us  quite  new.  The  anecdotal 
element  is  certainly  strong  in  American  postprandial 
oratory.  As  a  rule,  American  speaking  is  much 
better  than  English,  though  one  or  two  of  our  best 
Irish  speakers  attain  a  line  as  high  or  even  higher.  In 
dealing  with  '  Some  Noticeable  Books '  a  Newcastle 


358 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io«>  s.  m.  MAY  e,  i9o& 


journalist,  who  chooses  The  Nineteenth  Century  as 
his    favourite    organ,    describes     '  >Sur    la    Pierre 
Blanche,'  by  M.  Anatole  France,  '  De  Profundis,' 
by  Oscar  Wilde,    and    'Man  and  Superman,'   by 
Mr.  G.  B.  Shaw.    Of  the  fine  talent  of  the  first 
named  too  much  cannot  easily  be  said.     When  we 
hear  of  the  religion  of  Daniel  and  Isaiah,  of  Heine 
and  Meyerbeer,  Disraeli  and  Rothschild,  we  are 
puzzled.     Whatever  he  was  by  race,  Disraeli  was 
not  a  Jew  by  religion.     '  De  Profundis '  is  said  to 
be  written  in   an    "exalted  and  purified  strain," 
•while  'Man  and  Superman'  is  said  to  be  "either 
a  monstrous  piece  of  mountebanking   or    else   an 
immortal  work."      Lady  Napier   of  Magdala  con- 
tributes in  '  Then  and  Now '  a  depressing  picture 
of  modern  womanhood. — To  The  Cornhill  Sir  Row- 
land   Blennerhassett    sends    a    good    account    of 
'  Arthur  Strong,'  the  late  librarian  of  the  House 
of  Lords,   whom  he  describes  as  a  remakable  per- 
sonality.    Dr.  Rouse's  '  Plea  for  the  Useless '  is  a 
masterpiece  of  irony,  and  ends  in  an  eloquent  piece 
of  advocacy  for  compulsory  Greek.     Mrs.  Frederic 
Harrison's  '  French  Refugees  in  England  in  1871-2' 
is  largely  devoted  to   the  eulogy  of  Communards. 
Part  I.  of  '  From  a  College  Window '  appears,  and 
is  anonymous,  though  its  secret  seems  easily  guess- 
able.     It  presents  very  well  the  summer  aspects  of 
a  college  life.  Mr.  Arthur  F.  Wallis's  'Sea-Painting 
and  Sea-Myth'  is  thoughtfuland  well  worth  reading. 
'  Port  Arthur,  its  Siege  and  Fall,'  is  impressive. — 
Mr.  Andrew  Lang,  in  Longman's,  discusses  at  the 
outset  trout-fishing,  and  carries  us  out  of  our  depth. 
After  that  he  is  admirably  satirical  on  the  young 
"scientists  "  of  both  sexes  who  object  to  being  bur- 
dened compulsorily  with  Greek.     He  presents  the 
Academic    authorities     as     pleading     that     they 
"did  not  know  people  could  be  such  idiots."    A 
paragraph    on     an    anonymous    letter- writer    we 
cannot  understand.     Can  any  one  seriously  say  that 
under  any  calendar  June,  1566,  was  nine  months 
anterior  to  March  9,  1566?    Canon  Vaughan  dis- 
cusses Sydney  Smith,  and  Mrs.  Louisa  Jebb  sends 
an  interesting  paper  on  'Arab  Hospitality.'— The 
Easter  number  of    The  Pall  Mall  has  a  capital 
article   on  '  Buried  Turners,'  in  which   the  treat- 
ment of  Turner's  will  is  spoken  of  in  appropriate 
terms.     Some  of    the    buried    treasures   are   well 
reproduced.     A   striking  and   illustrated   account 
follows    of   '  The   Victoria  Falls   and   the   Bridge 
over  the  Zambesi.'   "The  Little  Father,' a  character- 
study  of    the  Russian   Tzar,   is    accompanied    by 
photographs  and  a  caricature.    Mr.  William  Archer 
has  a  real  conversation  with  Mr.  Churton  Collins. 
This  is  less  interesting  than  we  hoped,  since  the 
subject  discussed  is  not  literature,  but  criminology. 
Dr.  Nordenskjuld  tells  the  story  of   the  wreck  oi 
the  Antarctic. — Amidst  endless  stories  in  The  Idle-i 
is  an  article  on  '  Canadian  Bass  Fishing.' 


FREQUENTERS  of  the  Literary  Room  at  the  Publi 
Record  Office  will  have  lately  missed  a  familiar 
figure  in  the  person  of  the  late  J.  A.  C.  Vincent 
who  passed  away  in  the  early  part  of  Marcl 
at  the  ripe  age  of  seventy-five.  John  Amyat 
Chaundy  Vincent  was  born  in  India  in  1830,  hi 
father  being  a  Yorkshireman,  and  his  mother,  win 
died  comparatively  young,  an  Elton  of  Devon 
Commencing  his  work  of  research  at  the  Publi 
Record  Office  some  forty  years  ago,  he  had  seei 
many  changes  there,  not  the  least  noticeable  beinf 
the  influx  of  the  female  element  of  recent  years 


f  the  result  of  which  to  the  future  of  historical 
esearch  he  was  wont  to  express  some  misgiving. 
Ie  was  a  frequent  contributor  to  the  columns  of 
N.  &  Q.,'  and  his  settlement  of  the  question  of 
ord  Beaconsfield's  birthplace  will  be  fresh  in  the 
nemory  of  many  of  our  readers.  Accuracy  may  be 
aid  to  have  been  the  keynote  of  his  work,  and 
nany  an  historical  fiction  received  exposure  at  his 
ands,  a  noteworthy  example  being  the  proofs  he 
dduced  that  "the  pretty  little  story"  of  Queen 
"lizabeth  at  Helmingham  was  a  pure  myth,  which 
as  gracefully  acknowledged  as  such  by  Sir  Bernard 
iurke,  and  withdrawn  from  his  '  Peerage.'  He  did 
ood  work  on  the  Lancashire  Lay  Subsidies,  which 
e  edited  for  the  Record  Society.  His  kindly  dis- 
osition,  and  his  ever  ready  assistance  in  any 
.ifficulty  of  reading  or  interpretation  of  documents, 
vill  long  be  remembered  and  missed  among  his 
nany  friends  and  fellow-workers. 


BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUES.— MAY. 

THE  Antiquarian  Book  Company,  Gray's  Inn 
load,  have  some  out-of-the-way  books  at  low 

rices ;  also  some  scarce  book-plates,  comprising 
oreign  examples  dated  1646  and  165£ 

The  Chaucer  Book  Company  has  some  interest- 
ng  items  under  America,  including  a  collection  of 
New  York  street  ballads,  1850-63>  21.  5s.,  and  a  list 
f  the  officers  serving  in  America,  1777,  Is.  6<l.  A 
iopy  of  the  first  Edinburgh  edition  of  Burns,  1787,  is 
I.  10*'.  There  is  a  letter  of  Browning's  to  Mr. 
3arnett  Smith  in  praise  of  Smith's  life  of  Shelley, 
'1.  2s.  ;  and  a  letter  to  Payne  Collier,  dated  from 
lanover  Cottage,  Camber  well,  1836,  30s.  Under 
Jrama  we  find  Bell's  'British  Theatre,'  34  vols., 
>l.  15s.  The  general  items  include  Milton's  '  Doctrine 
of  Divorce,'  best  edition,  1645,  Anglesey  copy, 
21.  5s.  There  are  a  number  of  interesting  items 
under  Shakespeare,  including  catalogues  and  lists 
of  Halliwell-Phillipps. 

Mr.  James  G.  Commin,  of  Exeter,  has  the  four 
series  complete  of  Barnard's  '  Dartmoor  Pictorial 
Records,'  very  scarce,  31.  I5s. ;  Debes's  '  Islands  of 
Foeroe,'  12mo,  1676,  exceedingly  rare,  SI.  3s.  ;  and 
Devon  Notes  and  Queries,  1900-1904, 42*  Other  items 
are  a  first  edition  of  '  Tom  Jones,'  6  vols.,  1749, 
10s.  ;  a  collection  of  R.  S.  Hawker's  works ; 
Langdon's  '  Old  Cornish  Crosses,'  l'5s.  ;  Millais's 
'  British  Deer,'  21.  10s.  ?  a  complete  set  of  Pitt- 
Rivers's  privately  printed  books  on  Archa?ology, 
Sec.,  01.  6s.  Mr.  Commin  also  has  one  of  the  fifty 
copies  of  Rogers's  '  Archaeological  Papers,'  If.  15s. ; 
and  his  'Memorials  of  the  West,' 16s.  A  unique 
set  of  Rome's  'Dartmoor,'  large  paper,  is  priced 
4?.  10s.  ;  a  set  of  the  Somerset  Archreological 
Society,  Taunton,  1851-1900,  81.  8s.  ;  and  'A  Report 
in  reference  to  the  Defence  of  these  Kingdoms  afc 
the  time  of  the  Armada,'  1798,  II.  5s.  This  was 
privately  printed  for  the  use  of  ministers  at  the 
time  of  Bonaparte's  threatened  invasion.  The 
catalogue  closes  with  a  collection  of  pamphlets. 

Mr.  Bertram  Dobell  has  a  collection  of  books 
from  the  library  of  Mr.  Thomas  Hutcliinson,  of 
Morpeth,  to  which  he  wishes  to  call  special  atten 
tion,  as  most  of  the  books  contain  letters  from  the 
authors,  it  being  Mr.  Hutchinson's  custom  to  inser 
in  his  books  letters  he  received  from  his  literary 
friends.  Among  the  entries  are  a  copy  of  Black 
more's  '  Ferlysross,'  lirs-t  edition  (2^,  15s.);  FJbs 


io*  s.  in.  MAY  6,  iocs.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


359 


worth's  '  Karl's  Legacy ' ;  and  works  of  Edmund 
Gosse,  Hawker  of  Morwenstow,  Auberon  Herbert, 
Andrew  Lang,  Gerald  Massey,  W.  M.  Rossetti, 
Sala,  Edward  FitzGerald,  and  others.  '  Euphranor,' 
first  edition,  and  '  Polonius'  are  priced  67.  6s.  each. 
These,  the  catalogue  states,  are  presentation  copies 
to  Archdeacon  Allen,  "the  original  of  Major  Dobbin 
in  'Vanity  Fair.'"  A  first  edition  of  Shelley's 
'Posthumous  Poems,'  1824,  is  51. 5s. ;  a  first  edition  of 
Wordsworth,  a  presentation  copy,  with  an  original 
sonnet  in  the  poet's  handwriting,  1807,  6V.  12-*.  6d.  ; 
&  copy  of  Charles  Wells's  '  Joseph  and  his  Brethren,' 
11.  12-5'.  ;  and  Lane's  '  Arabian  Nights,'  first  issue  in 
parts,  very  scarce  in  this  state.  '21.  15s.  There  are  a 
number  of  publications  of  the  Grolier  Club  of  New 
York  from  the  library  of  the  late  G.  H.  Bough- 
ton,  R.A. 

Mr.  Francis  Edwards  has  a  number  of  recent 
purchases,  including  Burton's  '  Arabian  Nights,' 
16  vols.  royal  8vo,  34/.  This  is  the  original  edition, 
sometimes  known  as  the  Benares  edition.  Among 
items  relating  to  Australia  is  a  copy  of  Lycett's 
*  Views,'  1824,  very  rare,  167.  The  general  entries 
include  the  best  edition  of  Bentham,  Edinburgh, 
1843,  91.  ;  an  interesting  collection  of  Book  Lists, 
1689-97, 67. 10s. :  the  first  edition  of  Gaskell's  '  Life  of 
Charlotte  Bronte,'  11.  Ws.  ;  Gould's  '  Birds  of  Great 
Britain, '70^.  ;  and  Lord  Lilford's  '  Coloured  Figures 
of  the  Birds  of  the  British  Islands,'  631.  The  last 
is  the  first  edition,  in  wrappers.  Burton's  'Scot- 
land,' 9  vols.,  is  priced  11.  10-s. ;  '  The  Complete 
Peerage,'  edited  by  G.  E.  C.,  8  vols.,  1887-98,  rare, 
367. ;  Chaffers's  '  Keramic  Gallery,'  Ql. ;  and  Acker- 
niaun's  'Schools  and  Colleges,'  7  vols.  4to,  1812-16, 
11.  There  are  a  number  of  "  Court  Memoirs." 
Eden's  '  Labouring  Classes,'  3  vols.  4to,  1797,  very 
scarce,  is  priced  9/.  15-s.  There  are  also  first  editions 
of  Dickens  ;  a  complete  set  of  first  editions  of 
George  Eliot's  works,  1858-79,  42  vols.,  original 
cloth,  23/.  ;  the  rare  first  edition  of  '  The  Vicar  of 
Waketield,'  Salisbury,  1766,  75/. ;  and  examples 
of  Hazlitt,  George  Meredith,  and  Ruskin.  A  copy 
of  '  Japanese  Art,'  Tokyo,  1900-4,  is  priced  221. ; 
and  Foley's  '  History  of  the  English  Jesuits,'  8  vols., 
4J.  10-s.  There  are  interesting  items  under  Music. 
A  copy  of  '  The  Orchid  Album,'  11  vols.4to,  1882-97, 
is  priced  151.  Under  Political  Memoirs  we  note 
the  '  Castlereagh  Memoirs,'  the  three  series  com- 
plete, 12  vols.,  1848-53,  21.  5s.  The  general  list  in- 
cludes Boydell's  '  Thames  Scenery,'  1794-6,  111.  10-s. ; 
and  Havell's,  1818,  267.  There  are  also  a  number  of 
books  from  the  library  of  the  late  Phil  May,  all 
containing  his  book-plate,  which  was  specially 
designed  for  him  by  his  friend  VV.  L.  Nicholson. 

Mr.  H.  G.  Gadney,  of  Oxford,  has  an  interesting 
collection  of  books  at  moderate  prices.  Among 
special  items  we  note  a  facsimile  reprint  of 
Borde's  '  The  Boke  of  the  Introduction  of  Know- 
ledge,' Burke's  '  Dormant  Peerages,3  and  many 
books  relating  to  the  county  of  Kent,  including 
the  Transactions  of  the  Kent  Archaeological  Society, 
1858-1902,  M.  10s.,  and  a  copy  of  Hasted,  267. 

Mr.  Galloway,  of  Aberystwyth,  has  a  short  list 
of  four  pages.  The  books  mostly  relate  to  Wales, 
and  include  purchases  from  the  library  of  Arch- 
deacon Hughes. 

Messrs.  George's  Sons,  of  Bristol,  have  fresh 
purchases,  including  Sorrow's  Works,  10  vols.,  all 
first  editions,  11.  10s.  A  copy  of  Elizabeth  Black- 
well's  'Herbal,'  1757-73,  6  vols.,  is  priced  4/.  10-s. 


There  is  a  set  of  the  first  three  series  of  '  N.  &  Q.r 
with  the  three  General  Indexes,  101.  10s. 

Mr.  Charles  Higham's  list  includes  a  copy  ofr 
John  Le  Neve's  '  Lives  of  the  Protestant  Bishops ' 
which  has  at  the  foot  of  the  dedication  a  written- 
note  that  the  dedication  to  the  Archbishop  was 
presented  at  Lambeth,  and  that  the  author's 
expenses  were  binding,  12-s. ;  gilding,  4-s.  6tl. ;. 
printing  and  paper  for  this  leaf,  6s. ;  waterage, 
besides  loss  of  time,  Is.,  "so  yt  ye  Author's  just 
expences  may  be  computed  at  11.  3s.  0(1.  And  by 
ye  singular  Munificence  of  ye  Patron  ye  Author 
receiv'd  One  Guinea."  A  number  of  new  books  at 
second-hand  prices  include  Viscount  Amberley's- 
'Analysis  of  Religious  Belief,'  2  vols.,  1877,  9-s.  (kL 
(published  at  30-s.). 

Mr.  C.  Richardson,  of  Manchester,  has  a  first 
edition  of  Sorrow's  '  Romany  Rye,'  1857,  31.  10-s.  ? 
Mrs.  Jameson's  '  Legends  of  the  Madonna,'  scarce, 
1852,  21.  10-s. ;  The  Times  edition  of  '  The  Encyclo- 
paedia Britannica,'  with  the  supplementary  volumes, 
35  vols.,  three-quarter  levant  morocco,  19/.  19s.  ^ 
Lugar's  'Plans  of  Buildings,'  1836,  2/.  ;  'Beauties- 
of  the  Dutcli  School,'  very  scarce,  1792, 30-s. ;  Florio's- 
'Italian  Dictionary,'  1611,  35s.  ;  Toulmin  Smith's- 
'  English  Gilds,'  2iw. ;  the  first  edition  of  Ainsworth's- 
'Jack  Sheppard,'  Bentley,  1839,  101.  10s.:  first 
edition  of  Matthew  Arnold's  '  Empedocles  on  Etna,f 
1852,  4f.  10-s.,  and  'The  Strayed  Reveller,'  1849, 
21.  5s.  ;  Planche's  '  Cyclopaedia  of  Costume,'  1876-9}. 
01.  10s.  ;  '  Fielding's  Works,'  1806,  51.  10s.  ;  Fer- 
guson's 'Architecture,'  1894-1902,  31. ;  FitzGerald's- 
'  Enphra"npr,'  Pickering,  1851,  31.  10-s.  There  is  also 
the  excessively  scarce  first  edition  of  'Tom  Brown's- 
Schooldays,'  Cambridge,  1857,  101.  10-s.  A  copy  of 
Sir  Frederic  Madden's  '  Layamon's  Brut,'  1847,  is- 
priced  21.  5s.  There  are  also  a  number  of  items  of 
interest  under  London  and  under  Art. 

Messrs.  Rimell  have  another  most  interesting 
catalogue  of  engraved  portraits  (H  to  Z) ;  it  is  care- 
fully prepared,  and  gives  dates  of  births  and  deaths, 
and  in  most  cases  the  dates  of  the  portraits.  Books- 
include  '  The  Kit-Cat  Club  Portraits,'  from  the 
paintings  of  Sir  Godfrey  Kneller,all  brilliant  impres- 
sions, folio,  very  rare,  1735,  35/.,  Knight's  '  Gallery 
of  Portraits,'  2  vols.  royal  folio,  1834,  also  very  rare,, 
151.  15s. ;  '  Lawrence's  Choicest  Works,'  1836-45} 
151. ;  'Sir  Joshua  Reynolds's  Works,'  comprising 
437  portraits,  1827-36,  2801. ;  and  many  others 
equally  rare. 

Messrs.  Simmons  &  Waters,  of  Leamington  Spa, 
have  a  catalogue  of  topographical  and  antiquarian 
books,  well  arranged  under  counties,  beginning 
with  Bedfordshire  and  closing  with  Wales.  We 
can  mention  only  a  few  items.  Atkyns's  '  Glouces- 
shire,'  first  and  best  edition,  1712,  is  4^.  17-s.  Oil.  • 
Ingram's  'Memorials  of  Oxford,'  40-s.  ;  Skelton's 
'Oxonia  Antiqua  Restaurata,'  51.  :  Poole's  'Coven- 
try,' 25s.  ;  Whitaker's  '  Richmondshire,'  1823,  91. ; : 
and  Architectural  Society's  Reports  and  Papers, 
1850-1900,  a  handsome  set,  9/.  9s. 

Messrs.  Sotheran's  catalogue  opens  with  a  large 
collection  of  bibliography,  the  first  entry  being  the 
standard  Allibone,  a  nice  fresh  copy,  1859-71, 
11.  l}s.  6d.  We  also  find  a  number  of  the  Biblio- 
graphical Society's  illustrated  monographs.  The 
last  edition  of  Brunei's  'Manuel  du  Libraire  r  is 
priced  111.  Only  500  copies  were  printed  of  Cppin- 
ger's  supplement  to  Hain's  '  Repertorium  Biblio- 
graphicum,'  Messrs.  Sotheran's  price  for  a  copy 


360 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [10*  s.  m.  MAY  e,  MOB. 


being  6^.  6s.  Other  works  are  Gleeson  White'; 
Ex-libris  Series,  51.  5s.  ;  and  an  extra-illustratec 
•copy  of  Mores's  '  English  Typographical  Founders, 
rare,  2£.  2s.  There  is  a  fine  extra-illustrated  cop; 
of  the  Catalogue  of  the  Perkins  Library,  with  th> 
prices  realized,  1873,  121.  12.5.  A  note  states  tha 
the  library  consisted  of  865  lots,  including  two 
copies  of  the  Mazarin  Bible  and  the  first  Coverdale 
and  fetched  26,000^.  Bernard  Quaritch's  Catalogue 
1887-93,  is  scarce  ;  the  12  vols.  are  offered  for  8?.  8s 
Sotheby's  '  Principia  Typographical 3  vols.,  is  pricet 
11.  10s.  The  '  D.N.B.'  states  that  the  whole  of  the 
•collections  for  these  works,  with  many  tracings 
•are  bound  up  in  36  vols.  folio,  which  are  now  in 
the  British  Museum.  The  general  list  includes 
Alphand's  'Les  Promenades  de  Paris,'  1867-73, 
3Z.  10s.  ;  a  set  of  '  The  Annual  Register,'  1758-1896, 
"281.  10s. ;  '  The  Arabian  Nights,'  Villon  Society, 
131.  13s.  ;  three  early  MSS.  on  vellum  ;  and  Audu- 
bon's  '  Quadrupeds  of  North  America,'  421.  10s. 
A  fine  and  com  plete  copy  of  the  first  Polyglot  Bible, 
1514-17,  extremely  rare,  has  the  arms  of  Cardinal 
.Ximenes,  6  vols.  folio,  125£.  A  note  states  that  Sir 
-John  Thorold's  copy  sold  for  1767.,  Beresford  Hope's 
for  166£.,  and  the  Sunderland  (with  some  leaves 
wormed)  for  195/.  An  original  copy  of  Botta's 
'*  Ninive'  is  priced  501.  There  are  sets  of  the  Cam- 
•den  Society,  25/. ;  the  Chetham  Society,  221.  10s.  ; 
The  Gentleman's  Magazine,  1731-1868,  45/.  ;  "  The 
•Chertsey  Worthies'  Library,"  111.  14s. ;  "  The  Fuller 
Worthies'  Library,"  20  vols.,  very  scarce,  211. ;  and 
"The  Huth  Library,"  25/.  Lysons's  '  Magna 
"Britannia,'  extra-illustrated,  1813-22,  is  60Z.  Under 
•Ornithology  is  a  set  of  The  Ibis,  1859-1903,  very 
.scarce,  80/.  There  are  also  a  number  of  books  from 
the  library  of  the  late  Duke  of  Cambridge. 

Mr.  Albert  Button,  of  Manchester,  has  a  set  of 
'The  Reliquary,  1860-99,  15/.  15s.  ;  Gerald  Massey's 
•'  Book  of  the  Beginnings,'  1881-3,  11.  5s.  ;  Morris's 
4  Seats  of  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen,'  21.  5s.  (pub- 
lished at  111.  10s.);  'Letters  of  Lady  Rachel 
Russell,'  1801,  whole  red  morocco,  with  painted 
fore-edges,  1QI  ;  Earwaker's  '  Cheshire,'  2  vols., 
11. 8s.;  Humphreys's  'Coinage  of  the  British  Empire,' 
11.  Is.  ;  Dalziel's  'Bible  Gallery,'  1881,  21.  2s.  ;  and 
•Gerard's  '  Herball,'  1636,  5Z.  5s.  Many  interesting 
items  occur  under  Lancashire,  including  a  *  Man- 
chester Directory,'  1773,  reprinted  1889,  price 
'2s.  6d. ;  also  a  complete  set  of  the  22  volumes 
printed  by  the  Lancashire  Parish  Register  Society, 
..8/.  8s.  There  are  a  number  of  items  under  Alpine, 
Africa,  and  America,  and  a  good  general  list  at 
low  prices. 

Mr.  Sutton  has  also  a  special  catalogue  relating  to 
Shakespeare  and  the  Drama.  There  are  as  many  as 
774  items,  including  the  New  Shakspere  Society's 
publications,  1874  87,  61.  ;  Poole's  '  The  English 
Parnassus,'  Henry  Brome,  1677,  11.  17s.  6d.  ; 
Shakespeare  Portraits,  twenty-seven  from  the 
collection  of  the  late  T.  Birchall,  11.  10s.  ;  Quarto 
Facsimiles,  issued  under  the  superintendence  of 
Dr.  Furniyall,  1881-91,  43  vols.,  14^.  14s.  ;  the  1866 
reproduction  of  the  First  Folio  in  exact  facsimile, 
"bound  in  green  morocco,  11.  15s.  Among  editions 
of  Shakespeare  are  Charles  Knight's,  Chalmers's, 
Malone's,  Valpy's,  Payne  Collier's,  and  Hazlitt's. 
'The  general  drama  includes  Beaumarchais's  '  La 
Folle  Journ^e,'  1785,  51.  5s.  :  and  works  by  Mrs. 
Centlivre,  Colman,  Richard  Cumberland,  Fielding, 
•Garrick,  Holcroft,  Ben  Jonson,  Sheridan  Knowles, 
Massinger,  and  others. 


Mr.  Thorp,  of  St.  Martin's  Lane,  has  many 
recent  purchases,  including  Randall's  '  True 
Rise  of  Nobility,'  1720,  21.  2s.;  Tusser's  'Good 
Husbandry,'  1672,  38s.  ;  '  Percy  Society  Ballads,' 
1840  -  6,  61.  6s.  ;  '  Mirrour  for  Magistrates,'  1610, 
42s.  ;  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  1679,  a  choice  copy, 
121.  10s.  ;  a  first  edition  of  Ferrier's  '  Inheritance,' 
3/.  3s. ;  Hipkins's  '  Musical  Instruments,'  31.  10s.  ; 
'  The  Naval  Chronicle,'  1799-1806,  31.  18s. ;  '  Brad- 
shaw's  Railway  Companion,'  1841,  7s.  Qd. ;  The 
Retrospective  Review,  16  vols.,  21.  10s.  ;  Bewick's 
'  Fables,'  Newcastle,  1820,  21.  8s. ;  '  The  Vicar  of 
Wakefield,'Rowlandson'sillustrations,1817, 111.  10s.; 
Fairbairn's  'Crests,'  21.  2s.;  Rawlinson's  'Sixth 
Great  Oriental  Monarchy,'  1873,  4Z.;  'The  Parish 
Register  Society,'  complete,  1896-1904,  111.  11s. 
There  are  also  interesting  tracts  relating  to  Ireland. 

Mr.  George  Winter,  Charing  Cross  Road,  has  the 
first  edition  of  Gilchrist's  '  Life  of  Blake,'  uncut, 
I/.  12s.  6d.,  and  interesting  items  under  Dickens, 
Shelley,  and  Tennyson. 

ixr  CtfrmgrnrtrjeHia. 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication,  but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

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I         K  I  N  G'S 

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361 


LONDON,  SATL'KDAY,  MAY  13.  1905. 


CONTENTS.-No.  72. 

NOTES  :  — Inscriptions  at  San  Sebastian,  361  —  Scottish 
Judges  :  their  Titles,  3(52— Ortensio  Lando  and  Eugenio 
Raimondi,  3-53 -'The  Beggar's  Opera'  in  Dublin,  364  — 
Kamranh  Bay  —  Norfolk  Folk-Songs  —  Berlioz  —  White 
Bread  Meadow,  Bourne,  365 — Lylv's  'Buphues  and  his 
England'— The  "Old  Bell"  Inn,"Holborn  Hill— Great 
Queen  Street,  365— The  Campden  Mystery,  367. 

QUERIES  :— Dillon  Family— J.  F.  Grimke— S.  C.  Carne— 
Turvile— "  Wharncliffe  meeting" — Fitzgeralds  of  Pendle- 
ton — Lord  Beaconsiield's  Faitb,  367 — Irish  at  Cherbourg — 
Mohammed's  Will — 'Janus;  or,  the  Edinburgh  Literary 
Almanack  ' — Dudley,  Earl  of  Leicester — Cipher  used  by 
Balzac — Nelson  Column — "Dunelmise  Filius"  —  John 
Shephard  — W.  W.  C.,  Artist,  368  —  Sixteenth-Century 
Economist  —  Charlemagne's  Roman  Ancestors  —  Sack  — 
Prisoners'  Clothes  as  Perquisites,  369. 

REPLIES  :— Southwold  Church,  369— Epigram  on  a  Rose- 
Rev.  E.  W.  Grinfield— Hamlet  Watling— '  Love's  Labour  's 
Lost,'  370  —  Seventeenth-Century  Phrases  —  Epitaphs  : 
their  Bibliography,  371 — Blood  used  in  Building,  372 — 
Bishop  Coleuso— Small  Parishes— Addition  to  Christian 
Name— Prince  Albert  as  Composer — "Hand":  "lie,"  374 
—  Palindrome  —  Pillion  :  Flails  —  Nicholas,  Bishop  of 
Coventry— Cromer  Street — A  Military  Execution,  375  — 
Bigg,  the  Dinton  Hermit  —  W.  V.  Richardson  and  the 
Russian  Church— James  II.  Medal  —  Haswell  Family — 
Miller  of  Hide  Hall,  376— Portraits  which  have  led  to 
Marriages — Lawrance  of  Bath— Bibliographical  Notes  on 
Dickens — Dryden's  Sisters  —  "Au  old  woman  went  to 
market,"  377. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS:  — Byron  and  Heine  —  Courtney's 
'Register  of  National  Bibliography'  —  'Author  and 
Printer' — Suffolk  Marriage  Licences — Reviews. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


INSCRIPTIONS  AT  SAN  SEBASTIAN. 
IN  the  cemetery  on  the  seaward  slope  of 
the  fortress  of  Monte  Urgull  at  San  Sebastian 
one  sees  now  only  these  ten  epitaphs  re- 
lating to  the  British  military  intervention 
in  the  wars  of  King  Ferdinand  VII.  and 
his  daughter  Queen  Isabel  II.  Until  as  re- 
cently as  1898  (I  believe)  there  were  certainly 
others — e.g.,  that  bearing  the  single  words 
<c  Poor  Court ! "  Whither,  by  whom,  and 
why  were  the  others  removed  ?  I  have  taken 
these  copies  in  the  order  in  which  one  finds 
them  when  passing  the  enclosure  from  west 
to  east. 

1.  Sacred  |  to   the  memory  of  |  Mr   Duncan    Mc 
Farlin  |  late  first  engineer  of  |  her  most  Catholic 
-Majesty's  |  steam    vessel  |  Isabella    Segunda  |  who 
departed  this  life  |  on  the  |  23rd  October  1839  I  aged 
50  years  |  leaving  an  affectionate  wife  |  to  lament 
his  loss.  |  This  stone  was  erected  by  the  |  engineers 
of  her  Britannic  |  Majesty's  steam    vessels  |  Sala- 
mander &  Comet  |  as  a  mark  of  |  respect. 

2.  +  Sacred  |  to  the  memory  of  |  John  Newman. 
Gunner  Rl  |  Marine  Artillery    Died  10th  december 
1836  |  David  Howard    Gr    R.M.A.  |  Died    4lh   July 
1837.  I  John.    Gates.     Serjeant,    R.M.A.  |  Died    5th 
August  1837.  whose  remains  are  Buried  near  |  this 
place.     Also  of  |  Benj"  Smith.  Gunner  of  the  above 

I  Corps  who  Died  at  Fonterabia  on  the  2nd  (?)  of 
July  1837.  I  James  Keates.  gunner    R.M.A.  |  who 


died  Sepf  14th  1838.  |  Berd  Jordan.  Gr  R.M.A.  Died 
28th  NoV  J83S  (?)  |  Wm  Handcock  of  the  above 
Corps  who  died  |  at  Pasages  (?)  1st  Jan>  1839.  I  Sam1 
Redmond  (?).  gr  R.M.A.  Died  28th  March  1839. 

3.  A  cross  at  the  head  of  a  tomb  bears  the 
letter  K  lying  down  in  its  upper  limb. 

4.  +  Col.   E.  C.   Ebswort  |  B.A.L.  |  OBT  4  July 

5.  An  engraving  of  the  cross  of  the  Spanish 
order  of  Merito  Militar,  which  is  carved  on  it. 

Sacred  ]  to  the  memory  of  |  Lieutenant  Henry 
Backhouse  |  of  the  horse  artHlery  |  British  Auxiliary 
Legion  of  Spain  |  (and  of  the  navy  of  H.B.  Majesty) 
I  who  was  killed  in  action  |  defending  the  lines  in 
front  of  this  fortress  |  on  the  1st  Octr  1838  |  His 
brother  officers  have  erected  this  tablet  |  to  mark 
the  spot  where  his  remains  repose  &  |  in  testimony 
of  !  their  own  and  of  |  the  general  esteem']  with 
which  he  was  regarded. 

6.  Sacred  |  to  the   memory  |  of  L*  Colonel    Sir 
Richard  Fletcher  Bart    |    Captain    C.    Rhodes    I 
Captain  G.   Collyer  |  Lieu'  L.   Machell  |  Corps  of 
Royal  Engineers  |  who  fell    at    the  siege  of  I  San 
Sebastian  |  August  31  1813. 

7.  Beneath  the  bas-relief   representing  an 
officer  on  horseback  jumping  onto  a  bridge  : 

Al  mariscal  de  Campo  Don  Manuel  de  Gurrea  | 
muerto  en  los  campos  de  Audoain  el  29  de  Mayo  | 
1837.  |  su  esposa,  sus  hijos,  su  amigo  el  tentc  gen1 1 
de  La«y  Evans. 

8.  +  Sacred  to  the  memory  of  |  William  L    M 
Tupper  |  Colonel  of  the  6lh  Scotch  B.A.L.  I  and  late 
of  the  23rd  R.W.F.  |  who  at  the  head  of  his  reg*  I 
at  the  taking  of  Ayete  |  on  the  5th  of  May  1836  I  fell 
mortally  wounded  |  at  32  years  of  age. 

On  the  other  side  : — 

Consagrado  a  la  memoria  de  [  Guillermo  L.  M 

Tupper  |  Coronel  del  6to  Escoces  L.A.B.  j  y  antes 

del  regto  N°  23  de  S.M.B.  |  quien  a  la  cabe'za  de  su 

cuerpo  |  a  la  toma  de  Ayete  j  el  5°  de  Mayo  de  1836. 

|  cayo  herido  mortalmente  |  a  los  32  anos  de  edad. 

9.  Sacred  to  the  memory  of  |  Colonel  |  Oliver  De 
Lancey,  |  Knight  of  S4  Ferdinand.  |  Dep*>-  Adjutant 
General   |   British    A.   Legion,   |  who  fell    in    the 
moment  of  victory  I  on  the  heights  of  Hernani  I 
15th  March  1837-R.I.P. 

A  la  sagrada  memoria  del  |  Coronel  Oliver  De 
Lancey,  |  Caballero  de  la  Orden  |  Militar  de  San 
Fernando,  |  Deputado  ayudante  general  |  de  la 
legion  Britanica,  |  que  fue  herido  mortalmente  |  en 
el  momento  de  la  victoria  |  en  los  alturas  de  Her- 
nani. |  el  15.  de  Marzo  de  1837— R.I.P. 

10.  +  Sacred    to    the    memory    of  |  Sarah,   the 
beloved  and  affectionate  wife  of  John  Callander 
Esqr,  |  chief  surgeon  in    her    Britannic   Majesty's 
service,  and  late  inspector  general  of  hospitals   I 
who  died  at  San  Sebastian   May  31st,  1837,  aged 
32    years.  |  Also    of    Mary    Matilda,    their    infant 
daughter,  |  who  died  at  Santander  January  19th, 
1836,  aged  22  months.  |  A  la  sagrada  memoria  de 
Sara  la  amada  y  querida  esposa  de  Dn   Juan  Cal- 
lander |  primer  cirujano  de  exercito  al  servicio  de 
S.M.    Britanica  |  y  inspector    general  de  los  hos- 
pitales  B.A.L.  |  la  cual  fallecio  en  Sn  Sebastian  en 
31   de  Mayo  de  1837,  a  la    edad  de  32   anos.  |  asi 
mismo  aqui  yace  Maria  Matilde  |  ser  (sic)  querida 
hija  que  fallecio  en  Santander  a  19.   de  Enero  de 
1836.  a  la  Corta  edad  de  22  meses. 


362 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io»  s.  in.  MAY  13, 1905. 


During  her  stay  at  Biarritz  in  1889,  Queen 
Victoria  visited  the  Queen  Regent  Doila 
Cristina,  at  the  Palace  of  Ayete,  which  is 
mentioned  in  one  of  the  above  epitaphs, 
and  which  was  erected  in  1878.  I  saw  Her 
Majesty  drive  through  Biarritz  on  the 
way  to  and  from  the  railway  station  on 
that  occasion.  No  other  King  or  Queen  of 
England  had  been  in  Spain  before,  after 
accession  to  the  throne.  Your  correspondent 
MR.  HUBERT  SMITH,  of  Leamington  Spa, 
went  from  Biarritz  on  purpose  to  see  the  two 
queens  together  in  Donostian  on  that  memor- 
able day,  and  was  surprised  to  find  that  the 
house  of  Ayete,  about  2  kilometres  outside 
the  town,  resembles  one  which  belonged  to 
his  maternal  grandfather,  in  Shropshire,  built 
by  a  French  architect.  On  the  lawn  in  front 
of  the  house  the  Duchess  of  Bailen  caused 
a  grey  marble  column  to  be  set  up,  with  a 
cross-topped  crown  on  its  summit,  and  four 
slabs  of  white  marble  on  its  sides  bearing  the 
following  inscriptions  in  roman  capitals, 
painted  red.  The  colouring  has  nearly  dis- 
appeared, except  in  that  which  commemo- 
rates Queen  Victoria. 

1.  Don  (sic)  Alfonso  XII.  I  se  deturo  en  Ayete  el 
22  de  Febrero  de  1876  |  levantando  el  bloqueo  de 
San  Sebastian  |  sitiada  por  las  fuerzas  Carlistas  | 
Desde    el    dia  28  de  Setiembre    de    1875,  |  dando 
termino  a  la  guerra  civil,  |  paz  si  la  nacion  y  gloria 
a  su  nombre.  |  Aiios  adelante  el  5  de  Setiembre  de 

1883,  |  dirigiendose  a  Alemania  a  visitar  |  al  empera- 
dor  y  rey  Guillermo  I.  |  se  hospedo  en  esta  casu  de 
la  duquesa  |  viuda  de  Bail6n,  |  acompaiiado  de  su 
augusta  esposa    la  reina  |  Da  Maria    Cristina    de 
Austria,  |  que  el  dia  6  regreso  a  Madrid. 

2.  Da  (sic)  Isabel  II.  |  ya  descargada  del  grave 

gjso  del  Reinado,  |  vivio  en  esta  Morada  |  de  la 
uquesa  Viuda   de  Bailen,  |  los   veranos  de  1883, 

1884,  1886,  |  aniada  y  amante  de  estos  naturales. 

3.  Don  Alfonso  XIII.  |  Nino  Aun,  |  Cuidado  por 
la  tierna  solicitud  |  de  su  augusta  madre  la  Reina 
Regente  [  Da  Maria  Cristina  de  Austria,  |  y  acom- 
panado  de  sus  hermanas  |  la  princesa  de  Asturias 
Da  Maria  |  de  las  Mercedes  |  y  la  infanta  Da  Maria 
Teresa,  residio  en  Ayete  los  veranos  |  de  1887,  1888, 
1889,  |  1890.  1  1891  y  1892.  |  1893. 

4.  Victoria  Alejandra  I  Reina  del  Reino  Unido  | 
de  la  Gran  Bretaiia  6  Irlanda,  |  Emperatriz  de  las 
Indias,  |  visito,   en  este    sitio   de    Ayete,  |  a  S.M. 
la  Reina  Regente  de  Espaiia  Da  Maria  Cristina  de 
Austria,  |  el  27  de  Marzo  de  1889. 

The  following  inscription  in  Guipuzcoan 
Baskish  was  placed  in  the  portal  of  the  office 
of  the  Credit  Lyonnais  in  San  Sebastian  at 
the  beginning  of  1905,  on  a  slab  of  black 
marble  covered  by  a  thick  sheet  of  glass.  It 
is  in  gilt  roman  capitals.  It  shows  that 
Baskish  is  not  quite  so  extinct  as  some 
people  suppose,  and  is  much  more  correct 
than  some  others  recently  erected  in  the 
province.  It  may  be  rendered  thus : — 


"The  money  and  the  paper  of  all  countries  is 
changed  (not  tricked).  Letters  and  cheques  of  all 
regions  are  paid  ;  yea,  and  also  all  other  money 
matters  of  that  kind  for  America,  and  all  further 
money  negotiations.  Besides,  gold,  silver,  and  any- 
thing whatever  of  great  value,  which  is  desired, 
are  kept  in  the 

Credit  Lyonnais 

hutches    which    stand    made   for   that    purpose. 
Baskish  is  spoken." 

Trukatzen  da  erri  |  danetako  dirua  |  eta  papera.  | 
Pagatzen  dira  aide  |  guzietako  letrak  |  eta  chekak  ; 
baita  |  ere  Amerikako  beste  |  onelako  diru  gai  | 
guziak,  eta  ganeraco  |  diru  tratu  danak.  |  Gordetzen 
dira  berriz,  |  artaraco  eginak  |  dauden  kucha-etan, 
|  nai  diran  urre,  zillar  |  eta  balio  aundiko  |  zer  nai 
gauza.  |  Mintzatzen  |  da  Kuskara/. 

(T.  Altuna,  San  Sebastian.) 

Diru  is  a  corruption  of  Castilian  dinero, 
from  Latin  denario.  E.  S.  DODGSON. 


SCOTTISH   JUDGES:    THEIR   TITLES. 

AT  8th  S.  v.  206  I  was  permitted  to  explain 
the  history  of  the  titles  of  Scottish  judges, 
which  had  confused  so  learned  a  student  of 
our  customs  as  my  distinguished  friend  the 
Comte  de  Franqueville  ('Le  Systeme  Judi- 
ciaire  de  la  Grande  Bretagne,'  Paris,  1893> 
vol.  ii.  p.  568  foot-note),  and  even  the  '  Alrna- 
nach  de  Gotha.'  The  judges  of  the  Court  of 
Session  by  old  custom  on  taking  their  seat 
on  the  bench  assume  a  name  of  a  territorial 
kind,  probably  because  the  old  custom  (not 
yet  extinct)  was  to  address  a  laird  by  the 
name  of  his  lands,  eg.  Durnbiedykes.  Thus 
on  27  May,  1532,  Sir  William  Scott,  of  Bal- 
weary,  became  a  senator  of  the  newly  founded 
College  of  Justice  as  "  the  laird  of  Bal  weary," 
and  he  is  afterwards  referred  to  in  the  lists- 
as  Lord  Bal  weary.  His  son,  who  was  laird 
of  Petgormo,  also  became  a  judge,  and  wa» 
styled  Lord  Petgormo,  and  so  on  to  the- 
present  day,  every  judge  being  presumed  to 
be  a  laird  ;  if  a  judge  has  no  lands  he  (as  a 
rule)  takes  a  territorial  title  all  the  same ;. 
thus  the  present  Lord  Justice  Clerk  (the 
Eight  Hon.  Sir  J.  H.  A.  Macdonald)  is  Lord 
Kingsburgh.  The  rule  is  not  without  many 
exceptions,  for  Lord  Trayner,  Lord  Young, 
&c.,  simply  put  the  title  Lord  before  their 
surname,  and  this  practice  has  some  advan- 
tages, as  the  judge  never,  in  fact,  signs  his 
title  ;  thus  Lord  Kyllachy  signs  "  W.  Macin- 
tosh," and  Lord  Kincairney  signs  "W.  E. 
Gloag." 

This  year,  however,  a  great  change  has 
been  made  by  the  King's  Warrant,  pub- 
lished in  The  Edinburgh  Gazette  of  14  Feb- 
ruary, that  judges  who  retire  from  the  bench 
are  to  retain  their  titles,  and  that  the  wives 
of  judges  are  to  bear  the  title  of  Lady — thus 
removing  the  awkward  anomaly  of  the  name* 


in.  MAY  is.  1905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


363 


of  (say)  "Lord  Merchiston  and  Mrs.  Fergu- 
son "  appearing  in  an  hotel  book.  The  story 
is  well  known  that  when  in  James  V.'s  reign 
the  wives  of  the  judges  attempted  to  assume 
a  courtesy  title,  the  king,  who  was  the 
founder  of  the  College  of  Justice,  promptly 
stopped  the  practice.  "I,"  said  he,  "made 
the  carls  lords,  but  who  the  devil  made  the 
carlines  ladies  ? "  (Note  O  to  '  Redgauntlet.') 
One  observes  that  the  public  prints  now 
duly  announce  that  (say)  Lord  and  Lady 
Merchiston  were  present  at  this  or  that 
public  place,  but  it  is  to  be  feared  the  ladies 
may  not  yet  be  quite  happy,  for  the  titles  are 
titles  of  official  courtesy,  and  presumably 
the  ladies,  like  their  husbands,  will  sign 
their  private  domestic  name  as  before, 
not  /'Zoe  Merchiston,"  or  whatever  the 
public  judicial  title  may  be.  The  new  Lord 
President,  it  may  be  noted,  on  ascending  the 
bench  on  Thursday,  23  February,  took  the 
title  of  Lord  Graham  Murray,  but  it  is  suffi- 
ciently well  known  that  he  had  intended  to 
be  described  as  Lord  Lynedoch  both  judicially 
and  subsequently  on  being  raised  to  the 
peerage,  had  not  a  relation  objected  ;  his 
judicial  description  as  Lord  Graham  Murray 
very  shortly  gave  way  to  the  peerage  title 
of  Lord  Dunedin  of  Stenton.  Among  other 
changes  on  the  Scottish  bench  which  have 
recently  taken  place  are  to  be  noted  the 
retiral  of  Lord  Trayner,  of  Lord  Moncrieff  (as 
to  whom  see  my  note  8th  S.  viii.  517),  and  of 
Lord  Young,  and  the  elevation  of  Mr.  Andrew 
Jameson  as  Lord  Ardwall,  and  of  Mr.  Dundas 
as  Lord  Dundas. 

I  may  be  allowed  also  to  record  the  fact 
that  a  special  supplement  to  The  Edinburgh 
Gazette  of  14  March  contained  a  Scale  of  Pre- 
cedence in  Scotland,  which  inter  alia  provides 
that  after  the  younger  sons  of  dukes  come  : — 
"  The  Keeper  of  the  Great  Seal  (the  Secretary  for 
Scotland)  (if  not  a  Peer). 

The  Keeper  of  the  Privy  Seal  (if  not  a  Peer). 

The  Lord  Justice  General  \_i.e ,  the  Lord  Presi- 
dent, Lord  Dunedin]. 

The  Lord  Clerk  Register. 

The  Lord  Advocate. 

The  Lord  Justice  Clerk  [i.e.,  Lord  Kingsburghl." 

Then,  after  viscounts,  &c.,  and  immediately 
after  Privy  Councillors,  and  before  younger 
sons  of  viscounts,  come  : — 

"Senators  of  the  College  of  Justice  (Lords  of 
Session)." 

The  corresponding  Table  of  Precedence  for 
Ladies  places  after  wives  of  Knights  Com- 
manders of  the  Royal  Victorian  Order,  and 
before  wives  of  Commanders  of  that  Order, 
"  Wives  of  Knights  Bachelor  and  Wives  of  Senators 
of  the  College  of  Justice  (Lords  of  Session). 
Taking  precedence  among  themselves  accord- 


ing to  the  dates  of  their  husbands'  creation  as 
Knights  or  appointment  as  Senators  of  thes 
College  of  Justice  respectively." 

The  following  is  the  warrant  relative  to  the 
titles  of  judges  and  judges'  wives  : — 

Scottish  Office,  Whitehall,  February,  1905.  The 
King  has  been  pleased  to  issue  a  Warrant  under 
His  Majesty's  Royal  Sign  Manual  to  the  following, 
effect : — 

Edward  R.  &  I. 

Edward  the  Seventh,  by  the  Grace  of  God,  of  the- 
United  Kingdom  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  and- 
of  the  British  Dominions  beyond  the  Seas  King,. 
Defender  of  the  Faith. 

To  all  whom  these  Presents  may  concern. 

Greeting. 

Wrhereas  the  Senators  of  Our  College  of  Justice  in? 
Scotland  are  designated  by  the  style  and  title  of 
"  Lord,"  by  which  style  and  title,  with  the  prefix 
of  "  Honourable,"  they  are  commonly  known  and 
addressed  during  their  tenure  of  office  as  Judged 
of  the  Court  of  Session  ; 

And  whereas  doubts  have  arisen  as  to  the  con- 
tinued use  of  such  style  and  title  by  Senators  of  the* 
College  of  Justice  who  have  retired  from  their 
Judicial  Office  ;  and  it  is  expedient  to  remove  such, 
doubts,  and  also  to  define  and  fix  the  style  and 
designation  of  the  wives  of  Senators  of  the  College 
of  Justice ; 

Now  know  ye  that  WTe,  in  consideration  of  cir- 
cumstances humbly  represented  unto  Us,  and  of 
Our  Royal  prerogative,  proper  motion,  and  good 
pleasure,  have  ordained  and  do  by  these  Present* 
ordain  and  declare  that  every  Senator  of  Our  Col- 
lege of  Justice  in  Scotland  on  his  retirement  shall 
be  entitled  to  retain  the  title  of  "  Lord  "  with  the- 
prefix  of  "Honourable"  enjoyed  by  him  as  a  Lord 
of  Session. 

And  Our  further  will  and  pleasure  is  that  the 
wife  of  every  Senator  of  the  College  of  Justice  shall 
be  entitled  to  assume  and  use  the  title  of  "  Lady," 
and  to  continue  to  use  the  same  during  the  life  of" 
her  husband,  and  after  his  death,  so  long  as  she 
remains  a  widow. 

Given  at  Our  Court  at  Buckingham  Palace,  the 
third  day  of  February,  one  thousand  nine 
hundred  and  five,  in  the  fifth  year  of  Our 
Reign.  By  His  Majesty's  Command. 

A.  GRAHAM  MURRAY. 

WILLIAM  GEORGE  BLACK. 
Ramoyle,  Dowanhill  Gardens,  Glasgow. 


ORTENSIO  LANDO  AND  EUGENIO 
RAIMONDI. 

I  HAVE  recently  acquired  a  rather  curious- 
Italian  book  which  seems  to  demand  notice 
as  a  flagrant  example  of  plagiarism  on  a 
large  scale.  The  scope  of  the  work  may 
be  best  explained  by  a  transcript  of  the 
title-page : — 

"  II  Dotissimo  Passatempo  cli  Evgenio  Raimondi 
Breseiano,  dove  si  leggono  cvriosi  oracoli,  Sentenze 
graui,  con  precetti,  &  ammaestramenti  Politici, 
e  Christiani,  pvblicati  da  antichi  e  moderni  Scrit- 
tori.  Ne'quali  vnita  si  vede  tvttalaDottrinaMorale,. 
Politica,  &  Istorica,  Opera  non  men  vtile,  che 


364 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  m.  MAY  is,  wws. 


•curiosa,  e  diletteuole.  Con  la  sua  Tavola  copies 
*inm  delle  cose  piii  notabili.  In  Venetia,  MUCXXX 
Appresso  Gervasio  Anesi.  Con  licenza  de'  Superior 
A  Priuilegio."— 8vo,  pp.  [Ixiv]  448. 

Whilst  the  title-page  gives  the  date  1630 
the  colophon  says  1629.  The  British  Museurr 
ilias  editions  issued  at  Venice  in  1627,  1639 
1660,  and  at  Bologna  in  1683. 

On   p.  282   begins  a  second  part  entitleo 
'Oracoti,    overo    Saggi    Detti    di    Modern 
Ingegni.'    This  is   simply  a   reprint  of  the 
*Oracoli  di  Modern!  Ingegni  si  d'  Huomin' 
come  di  Donne'  (Vinetia,  G.  Giolito,  1550) 
issued  without  the  author's  name,  but  known 
to  be  the  work  of  Ortensio  Lando. 

The  British  Museum  has  a  copy  of  Rai 
•mondi's  'Delia  Sferza  delle  Scienze,'  a  title 
which  recalls  that  of  Lando's  '  La  Sferza  d 
•Scrittori ' ;  but  a  friend  who  has  kindly  com- 
pared the  two  books  informs  me  that  there 
is  no  apparent  resemblance.    The  '  Sferza 
was,  however,   practically  conveyed  by  Ger- 
vasio Annisi  in  a  book  '  Delia  Sferza  della 
Scienza  et  de  Scrittori '  (Vinegia,  1640). 

Another  of  our  plagiarist's  books  is  : — 

"Delle  Caccie  di  Eugenio  Raimondi  Bresciano 
libri  quattro.  Aggiuntoui  'n  questa  nuova  'niprea- 
-sione  altre  Caccie  che  sperse  in  altri  libri  audauano.'" 
— 4bo. 

'There  is  no  name  of  printer  or  place,  but  the 
dedication  is  dated  "  Di  Venetia  li  14  de 
fsettembre  1630."  The  book,  of  which  there 
is  a  fine  copy  in  the  John  Rylands  Library, 
•contains  several  curious  engravings  of  hunt- 
ing, fishing,  and  shooting  with  bows  and 
.arrows  as  well  as  with  guns.  The  British 
Museum  has  three  editions  of  this  book,  of 
which  the  earliest  was  printed  at  Naples  in 
1626. 

Another  plagiarist  was  Annibale  Novelli, 
whose  '  Solva  di  Bellissimi  Dubbi '  (Piacenza, 
1597)  is  practically  a  reprint  of  parts  i.  and  ii. 
•of  Lando's  '  Dubbi '  (Vinegia,  1552).  Lando  is 
a  picturesque  figure  in  the  literature  of  the 
sixteenth  century,  as  I  have  elsewhere 
.attempted  to  show  (Transactions  of  the  Royal 
Society  of  Literature,  Second  Series,  vol.  xx. 
p.  159).  He  has  certainly  suffered  at  the 
hands  of  the  appropriators  of  other  men's 
brains.  Plagiarism  on  the  scale  practised  by 
Raimondi  almost  passes  beyond  the  region 
•of  theft  and  becomes  conquest.  It  is  also 
an  extenuating  circumstance  that  he  has 
added  an  index  of  fourteen  pages  to  the 
•contents  of  the  'Oracoli.' 

WILLIAM  E.  A.  AXON. 

Manchester. 

'THE  BEGGAR'S  OPERA'  IK  DUBLIN. — One 
of  the  Dean's  letters  to  Gay  in  the  Swift 
correspondence  ('  Works,'  edited  by  Sir 


Walter  Scott,  second  edit.,  1883,  xvii.  p.  152) 
bears  such  a  palpably  wrong  date,  that  one 
wonders  how  the  blunder  has  gone  so  long 
undetected.  It  cannot  even  be  assumed  that 
the  date  given  is  a  misprint,  as  the  letters 
are  arranged  chronologically. 

Although  we  know  full  well  that  the 
original  production  of  '  The  Beggar's  Opera ' 
took  place  in  London  on  29  January,  1727/8, 
Swift  is  here  represented  as  writing  to  Gay 
from  Dublin  on  27  November  previously, 
a  propos  of  his  piece  : — • 

"We  are  as  full  of  ib,  pro  modulo  nostro,  as 
London  can  be;  continually  acting  and  houses 
crammed,  and  the  Lord-Lieutenant  several  times 
there  laughing  his  heart  out." 

The  exact  date  of  the  first  Dublin  per- 
formance of  '  The  Beggar's  Opera '  has  never 
been  determined,  but  there  are  strong 
reasons  for  believing  that  the  event  took 
place  about  the  middle  of  March,  1727/8.  In 
Dickson's  Dublin  Intelligence  for  19  March 
occurs  an  advertisement  of  the  publication 
of  a  penny  broadside  containing  '  Namby 
Pamby's  New  Epilogue  to  "  The  Beggars 
Opera  "  as  it  was  Spoken  at  the  Theatre  in 
this  City.'  Four  days  later  the  same  journal 
had  a  paragraph  quaintly  setting  forth  that 

"the  New  Opera,  which  is  again  to  be  Play'd  to- 
night, was  on  Thursday  more  crowded  with  spec- 
tators than  ever,  and  really  it  is  now  so  far  the 
Topick  of  General  Conversation  here  that  they  who 
lave  not  seen  it  are  hardly  thought  worth  speaking 
:o  by  their  Acquaintance,  and  are  only  admitted 
nto  Discourse  on  their  Promise  of  going  to  see  it 
the  first  Opportunity,  which  is  so  advantageous  to 
our  Com  median*  that  we  are  told  Boxes,  &c.,  are 
jespoke  for  16  or  IS  nights  to  come." 

Apparently,   Gay's  opera    was  performed 

ntermittently  at  Smock  Alley  until  the  end 

of  the  season  in  June.     On  the  13th  of  that 

nonth  the  Franchises  were  ridden  in  Drog- 

leda,    and,    attracted    by    the    crowd,    the 

Dublin  company  travelled  thither,  and  gave 

at  least  two  performances  of  the  opera,  with 

tfiss  Lyddel  as  Polly.     The  original  Dublin 

~\)lly  had  been  her  sister  Mrs.  Sterling. 

_When  Smock  Alley  reopened  for  the 
vintet  ,' season,  early  in  November,  '  The 
beggar's  Opera 'again  cropped  up,  and  was 
)layed  for  the  fortieth  time  on  28  December, 
"728,  for  Vanderbank's  benefit.  Under  these 
ircumstances,  it  is  feasible  to  infer  that  the 
actual  date  of  Swift's  letter  should  be 

November,  1728. 

Now  that  I  am  dealing  with  the  fruitful 
opic  of  'The  Beggar's  Opera,'  perhaps  I 
may  be  pardoned  for  putting  on  record  here 
,  little-known  fact,  although  one  that  has  no 
ssociation  with  the  Irish  stage.  The  piece 
vhich  made  Rich  gay  and  Gay  rich  also 


in.  MAY  is,  UK*.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


365 


made  Bath  festive  in  May,  1728.  As  I  find 
no  mention  of  this  in  Mr.  Belville  Penley's 
book  on  '  The  Bath  Stage,'  it  may  be  as  well 
to  state  that  my  authority  is  Gay  himself, 
and  the  source  the  Swift  correspondence. 
W.  J.  LAWRENCE. 

KAMRANH  BAY. — This  name,  now  in  every- 
body's mouth,  is  almost  universally  mispro- 
nounced. The  nh,  which  the  Portuguese 
introduced  into  the  orthography  of  the 
Annamite  language,  represents  the  sound  of 
ny  in  the  English  name  Bunyan.  Kamranh 
should  therefore  not  be  pronounced  Kamran, 
but  as  a  Frenchman  would  treat  it  if  spelt 
Kamragne.  It»is  a  rime  to  champagne,  when 
the  latter  is  properly  spoken,  and  not  angli- 
cized as  "sham  pain."  It  would  be  easy  to 
find  other  French  rimes  to  Kamranh,  but 
there  are  none  in  English.  In  Spanish  there 
is  the  surname  Capmany,  which  is  a  dis- 
syllable, its  final  ny  being  a  consonant,  and 
by  no  means  to  be  sounded  nee. 

JAMES  PLATT,  Jun. 

NORFOLK  FOLK-SONGS.— Some  weeks  ago  a 
friend  suggested  to  me  the  advisability  of 
making  a  collection  of  these  before  it  was  too 
late,  following  the  example  of  what  has  been 
done  in  some  other  counties.  So  far  as 
I  myself  am  concerned,  I  have  attended 
many  labourers'  dinners  and  feasts  in  this 
neighbourhood,  but  I  cannot  recall  hearing 
a  single  song  which  could  be  so  classified, 
though  one  or  two  such  have  been  brought 
to  my  notice.  However,  on  perusing  an 
account  of  the  Norfolk  parliamentary  contest 
of  1768,  in  which  there  was  much  ink-fling- 
ing, I  find  that  most  of  the  squibs  in  verse 
are  announced  to  be  set  to  popular  tunes,  and 
some  of  these  are  presumably  folk-songs. 
The  first  is  headed,  "  Hit  'em  again,  Chicken," 
but  this  may  be  only  a  piece  of  waggery. 
The  next  is,  "To  the  tune  of  the  dust  cart"  ; 
the  third,  "  Tune,  The  Norfolk  Freeholders"  ; 
the  fourth,  "To  the  True  Blue  tune";  and 
the  last  of  the  first  printed  set,  "  Tune,  The 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury."  If  the  last 
were  not  again  mentioned  as  the  tune  for 
another  song  in  the  same  metre,  one  might 
suspect  the  whole  of  the  supposed  tunes  to 
be  but  a  part  of  the  skit.  The  remaining 
songs  are  set  out  in  the  appendix,  and  most 
of  these  have  no  tunes  allotted  to  them.  But 
the  three  that  are  given  are  above  suspicion. 
They  are:  "He's  as  tight  a  lad  to  see  to," 
"The  women  all  tell  me  I'm  false  to  my 
lass,"  and  '  Hosier's  Ghost.'  These  have  the 
genuine  ring  of  the  folk-song  about  them.  Of 
the  others  some  are  spirited,  and  some,  like 
'  The  Battle  of  Dereham  ;  or,  the  Annual 


Norfolk  Jigg,'  may  have  become  popular 
In  one  of  these  satires  there  are  some  strong 
couplets,  though  marred  occasionally  by 
coarseness.  Thus  : — 

Down  to  thy  dunghill,  muckworm,  and  be  dumb,. 
Thou  son  of  Infamy  ! 

There  is  '  A  Mock  Pastoral,'  entitled  '  Cin- 
deretta,'  which,  as  a  specimen  of  satirical 
verse,  is  excellent.    It  commences  : — 
Down  dropt  her  brush,  the  dish-cloth  thrown  aside, 
And  lost  was  all  the  kitchen's  silver  pride. 

And  then,  as  the  maid  bewails  her  lot  in  the 
success  of  her  lover's  election,  which  separates 
him  from  her,  she  goes  on  : — 

Why  in  that  House*  shouldst  thou  so  strive  to  shine, 
Is  it  more  clean  or  better  kept  than  mine  ? 
Alas  !  I'm  told  (but  they  are  lies,  I  ween) 
That  dirty  House  no  mortal  yet  could  clean  ; 
Rub  as  they  will,  and  polish  as  they  can, 
Pensions  and  bribes  will  iron-mould  the  man  ; 
Go,  gentle  gales  !  and  bear  my  sighs  away  ! 
Ah  !  why  so  long  does  Hurlo-thrumbo  stay? 

Who  is  the  colonel  here  satirized  as  Hurlo- 
thrumbo?  and  who  wrote  the  lines'?  Above 
all,  any  information  respecting  Norfolk  folk- 
songs in  general,  and  the  above  songs  ia 
particular,  would  be  welcomed.  Does  this 
branch  interest  Dr.  Mann,  of  Cambridge, 
who  has  made  Norfolk  music  his  speciality  ? 
Perhaps  this  note  may  catch  his  eye. 

HOLCOMBE  INGLEBY. 
Sedgeford  Hall,  Norfolk. 

BERLIOZ. — 'A  travers  Chants'  was  the  title 
the  French   composer  gave  to  his   'Etudes 
Musicales,  Adorations,  Boutades,  et  Critiques," 
published  at  Paris  in  1862.  This  play  between 
two  words,  or  punning  title,  seems  to  have 
been  borrowed,  consciously  or  unconsciously, 
from  an  old  anonymous  free  imitation  of  the 
'  Kicciardetto,'  by  N.  Forteguerri  (1674-1735X 
in  French  verse.     It  opens  thus  : — 
Je  ne  sais  d'ou  me  peut  etre  venue 
Certaine  humeur  logee  en  mon  cerveau 
D'ecrire  en  vers  un  ouvrage  nouveau, 
Dont  la  matiere  est  assez  inconnue. 
Ma  muse  aussi  1'est  meme  d'Apollon. 
Fort  pen  lui  chaut  de  lyre  et  d'harmonie  ; 
A  travers  champ,  loin  du  sacre  vallon, 
Son  chant  s'egare  ainsi  que  son  genie. 

J.  S.  S. 

WHITE  BREAD  MEADOW,  BOURNE. — Under 
the  heading  'An  Old  Survival '  the  following 
item  is  going  the  rounds  of  the  press  : — 

"A  curious  method  of  letting  land  was  again, 
observed  at  Bourne,  when  the  'White  Bread 
Meadow'  was  offered.  The  auctioneer  is  stationed 
on  the  Queen's  Bridge,  and  as  each  bid  for  the  rent 
of  the  field  is  made  a  boy  is  started  to  run  to  a 
given  public-house  and  back  again  to  the  bridge- 

*  Parliament. 


366 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  B.  m.  MAY  is,  IQQB. 


The  person  whose  bid  is  unchallenged  when  the 
4ast  boy  returns  to  the  bridge  is  declared  to  be  the 
tenant  of  the  land  for  the  ensuing  year.  Mr.  F.  G. 
Shilcock,  on  Friday  of  last  week,  let  the  land  by 
this  method,  when  a  tenant  was  found  at  a  slight 
increase  on  last  year's  rent.  From  the  income 
arising  from  the  rent  of  the  field  a  cheese  and 
onion  supper  is  provided  at  the  house  to  which  the 
boys  run.  Two  trustees  are  elected  after  the  supper 
to  receive  the  rent  and  distribute  the  surplus  in 
white  bread.  Every  house  in  that  part  of  the  town 
Jtnown  as  Eastgate  receives  a  4  Ib.  loaf  of  white 
bread." 

It  would  be  interesting  to  learn  more  of  this 
*'old  survival." 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 
Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

[Reference  was  made  to  it  by  MR.  E.  H.  COLEMAN 
at  9th  S.  vii.447.] 

LYLY'S  'EUPHUES  AND  ins  ENGLAND.' — 
In  Prof.  Arber's  reprint  of  this  book,  issued 
in  1868,  the  following  passage  occurs  at 
p.  248  :— 

"  In  fayth  Euphues  thou  hast  told  a  long  tale, 
the  beginning  I  haue  forgotten,  ye  middle  I  vnder- 
stand  not,  and  the  end  hangeth  not  together," 

which  is  apparently  an  adaptation  of  the 
following : — 

"  I  remembre  nat,  what  thou  sayddest  in  the 
begynnyng  of  thy  tale,  and  therefore  I  vnder- 
stand  nat  the  myddis  ;  and  thy  conclusion  pleaseth 
me  nat." — 'Mery  Tales  and  Quicke  Answers,'  1567, 
«d.  Hazlitt,  18G4,  Tale  xxxiiii.  p.  47." 

See  9th  S.  viii.  297,  380  :  ix.  324  ;  xi.  84. 

F.  MARCIIAM. 

THE  "OLD  BELL"  INN,  HOLBORN  HILL.— 
In  The  Builder  of  7  January  is  a  drawing  of 
the  tablet  which  used  to  be  embedded  in  the 
front  wall  of  the  "Old  Bell"  Inn,  Holborn 
Hill,  and  which  is  now  in  the  Guildhall 
Museum.  In  the  accompanying  note  the 
•coat  of  arms  carved  on  the  tablet  is  stated 
to  be  the  arms  of  Gregge.  All  the  other 
writers  that  I  have  been  able  to  consult  agree 
in  stating  that  they  were  the  arms  of  the 
Fowlers  of  Islington.  Among  others,  John 
Timbs,  in  his  '  Curiosities  of  London '  (1850), 
and  Mr.  Philip  Norman,  F.S.A.,  in  his  'Lon- 
•don  Signs  and  Inscriptions'  (1897),  p.  142, 
-say  that  this  is  so.  The  latter  author  gives 
^.n  account  of  this  family,  and  adds  in  a  note : 
""  I  have  not  been  able  to  find  proof  positive 
that  a  Fowler  owned  this  property.  The 
house,  though  of  respectable  antiquity,  is 
much  more  modern  than  the  arms." 

The  odd  thing  is  that  Messrs.  Timbs  and 
Norman  both  describe  them  as  "Azure,  on 
a  chevron  argent  between  three  herons  as 
many  crosses  fprmee  gules,"  and  it  is  obvious 
that  this  description  does  not  tally  with  the 


arms  on  the  tablet  in  question  in  any  one 
particular. 

My  own  heraldic  knowledge  is  only  ele- 
mentary, but  I  should  describe  it  as — Quar- 
terly, 1  and  4,  between  two  chevronels,  or 
rather  couples-close,  three  trefoils  slipped  ; 
2  and  3,  a  plain  shield  charged  with  a  bird 
which  may  be  meant  for  a  heron,  but  which 
looks  more  like  a  cross  between  a  dodo  and  a 
pelican. 

And  yet  this  seems  to  be  the  same  tablet 
that  Mr.  Norman  refers  to,  for  he  continues  : 
"They  [the  arms]  are  surmounted  by  an 
esquire's  helmet  with  a  crest  which  seems  to 
be  an  eagle's  head  with  a  sprig  of  some  sort 
in  its  beak."  Surely,  the  "sprig  of  some 
sort "  is  plainly  a  trefoil,  as  in  the  arms. 

It  would  be  interesting  to  learn  on  autho- 
rity whose  arms  those  on  the  tablet  really 
were,  and  how  the  discrepancy  which  I  have 
pointed  out  can  be  accounted  for. 

ALAN  STEWART. 

7,  New  Square,  Lincoln's  Inn. 

GREAT  QUEEN  STREET,  Nos.  74,  75.— These 
premises,  which  were  situate  on  the  south 
side  of  the  street,  nearly  at  the  rear  of  New- 
castle House,  Lincoln's  Inn  Fields,  and 
were  recently  demolished  for  the  forma- 
tion of  the  new  street  from  Holborn  to 
the  Strand,  although  not  so  ancient  as 
other  premises  in  the  neighbourhood,  are  yet 
of  sufficient  interest  to  deserve  a  passing 
notice.  The  front  was  modern,  having  been 
erected  some  twenty-five  years  ago,  but  the 
rest  of  the  building  dated  back  to  the  com- 
mencement of  the  eighteenth  century,  and 
was  probably  the  oldest  printing-office  in 
London. 

The  two  houses  Nos.  74,  75,  Great  Queen 
Street,  were  for  many  years  in  the  occupation 
of  Messrs.  Cox  &  Wyman,  printers  to  the 
East  India  Company,  and  all  the  printing  in 
connexion  with  the  Company,  both  English 
and  vernacular,  was  executed  on  the  pre- 
mises until  the  transference  of  the  Company 
to  the  Government  in  1874.  Col.  Shake- 
speare's '  Hindustani  Dictionary,'  a  work 
necessitating  great  labour  and  accuracy  in 
printing,  was  also  produced  here. 

The  Belle  Assemllee,  a  fashionable  magazine, 
of  which  Douglas  Jerrold  is  said  to  have  been 
the  editor  about  1825,  was  printed  here,  and 
here  Laman  Blanchard  is  said  to  have  filled 
the  office  of  printer's  reader. 

The  Builder  journal  was  printed  by  Messrs. 
Cox  &,  Wyman  almost  from  its  commence- 
ment, the  paper  having  been,  and  I  believe 
still  is,  the  property  of  the  Cox  family. 

Benjamin  Franklin  is  stated  by  some 
writers  to  have  worked  at  Nos.  74,  75,  Great 


in.  MAY  is,  INS.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


367 


Queen  Street ;  but  this  is  an  error,  the  only 
place  in  which  Franklin  worked  on  his  first 
visit  to  this  country  having  been  Watts's 
printing-office  in  Wild  Court, now  demolished. 
An  old  hand-press,  said  to  have  been  the 
identical  press  on  which  Franklin  worked, 
and  now  in  the  Philadelphia  Museum,  U.S.A., 
was  for  some  time  in  use  in  Messrs.  Cox  &, 
Wyman's  office,  and  this  circumstance  may 
have  given  rise  to  the  story  of  Franklin 
having  worked  there. 

The  front  portion  of  the  premises  (No.  74) 
was  the  residence  of  Mr.  Edward  Fresco tt 
Hold  way  Knight,  a  comedian  of  some  cele- 
brity, who  died  here  21  February,  1826,  aged 
fifty-two,  and  was  buried  in  St.  Pancras 
Church.  Knight's  son,  J.  Prescott  Knight, 
R.A.,  Secretary  to  the  Academy,  was,  I 
believe,  born  in  this  house.  JOHN  HEBB. 

THE  CAMPDEN  MYSTERY. — This  story  is 
retold  by  Mr.  Andrew  Lang  in  his  '  Historical 
Mysteries,'  1904,  pp.  55-74.  William  Harrison, 
Lady  Campden's  agent,  is  stated  to  have  been 
collecting  his  mistress's  rents  on  16  August, 
and  Mr.  Lang  begins  his  doubts  about  the 
narrative  by  remarking  that  "  August  seems 
an  odd  month  for  rent-collecting,  when  one 
thinks  of  it."  But  at  the  present  day,  in  that 
very  neighbourhood,  the  "  half -quarter,"  as  it 
is  called,  is  commonly  fixed  by  the  agent  for 
the  rent-audit.  So  that  in  1660  an  agent 
who  had  to  go  round  to  collect  the  rents  from 
the  tenants,  instead  of  having  a  fixed  day 
and  place  for  their  receipt  as  now,  would  be 
quite  likely  to  be  so  engaged  on  16  August. 
Mr.  Lang  ought  to  know,  though  Harrison 
did  not,  that  Wisbech  is  not  "in  Lincoln- 
shire" (p.  70);  and  on  p.  64,  1.  2,  "1559" 
should  be  1659.  W.  C.  B. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  sent  to  them 
direct. 

DILLON  FAMILY.— In  '  N.  &  Q.'for  19  Octo- 
ber, 1850,  appeared  a  query  from  my  father, 
John  Francis  Dillon,  under  the  pseudonym 
FRANCIS,  regarding  issue  of  the  younger  sons 
of  the  first  Earl  of  Roscommon.  On  7  Decem- 
ber (1st  S.  ii.  468)  was  printed  a  reply,  signed 
AN  HIBERNIAN,  with  the  address  Mivart's 
Hotel,  London.  The  information  given  in 
the  reply  was,  and  is,  very  important  to 
me.  I  am  engaged  in  tracing  a  pedigree  of 
my  family,  and  I  shall  be  very  grateful  if, 
even  at  this  distance  of  time,  any  reader  can 


put  me  in  communication  with  AN  HIBERNIAN 
or  his  descendants.        FRANCIS  F.  DILLON. 
Auburn,  Bellevue  Road,  Durban,  Natal. 

JOHN  FAUCHERREAUD  GRIMKE,  son  of  John 
Paul  Grimke,  of  Charlestown,  South  Carolina, 
was  admitted  to  Westminster  School,  31  July, 
1765.  He  afterwards  became  a  fellow  com- 
moner of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  and 
graduated  B.A.  1774.  I  shall  be  much 
obliged  if  American  or  other  correspondents 
of  'N.  <fe  Q.'  are  able  to  furnish  me  with 
particulars  of  his  career  and  the  date  of  his 
death.  G.  F.  R.  B. 

SAMUEL  CHARLES  CARNE,  son  of  Samuel 
Carne,  of  Charlestown,  South  Carolina,  was 
admitted  to  Westminster  School  in  1773.  At 
the  age  of  eighteen  he  was  admitted  as  a  pen- 
sioner to  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  and 
graduated  B.A.  1782.  Can  American  or 
other  correspondents  of  '  N.  &,  Q.'  give  me  any 
further  information  of  his  career  1 

G.  F.  R.  B. 

TURVILE.  —  There  was  a  Henry  Turvile 
(who  spelt  the  name  in  this  way),  a  captain 
in  the  navy  in  Queen  Anne's  time.  According 
to  Charnock  ('  Biographia  Navalis,'  iii.  57), 
he  died  in  1719.  I  have  never  been  able  to 
find  out  anything  relating  to  his  private  life, 
but  fancy  he  may  have  been  an  exiled 
Frenchman,  or  the  son  of  one.  I  shall  be 
glad  of  details  about  him. 

J.  K.  LAUGHTON. 

"  WHARNCLIFFE  MEETING."— What  is  this  ] 

MENTOR. 

[For  answers  to  other  queries  see  'Notices  to 
Correspondents.'] 

FlTZGERALDS      OF       PENDLETON.  —  In      Mr. 

Joseph  Gillow's  'St.  Thomas's  Priory  '  (p.  156) 
is  the  following  : — 

"  Richard  Fitzgerald,  an  Irish  barrister,  of  Little 
Island,  co.  Waterford,  eldest  s.  and  h.  of  Lieut.  - 
Col.  Nicholas  Fitzgerald,  M. P.  for  Waterford  [killed 

at  the  Boyne,  1690], established  his  wife's  claim 

to  a  moiety  of  the  Fowler  estates  in  the  case  of 
'  Fauconberg  v.  Fitzgerald.'  Dying  sine  prole,  he 
bequeathed  the  manor  of  Pendleton,  near  Salford, 
co.  Lancaster,  and  certain  other  Fowler  estates  in 
Staffordshire,  to  his  relatives  the  Fitzgeralds,  who 
still  retain  possession." 

Can  any  one  tell  me  the  present  repre- 
sentative of  the  family  who  benefited  by 
Richard  Fitzgerald's  bequest,  and  whether 
the  manor  of  Pendleton  is  still  held  or  claimed 
by  him  ?  STAR. 

LORD  BEACONSFIELD'S  FAITH.— Is  it  per- 
missible to  write  of  this  deceased  statesman 
as  "  a  buried  Jew  "  ]  I  find  the  expression  in 
some  poetry  printed  by  a  London  daily  news- 


368 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io*  s.  m.  MAT  is,  1905. 


paper.  Surely  Benjamin  Disraeli  acknow- 
ledged to  no  more  than  a  Hebrew  extrac- 
tion, and  was  wont,  as  most  people  are 
aware,  at  times  to  resent  even  that.  The 
lines  run  thus  : — 

The  statue  of  a  buried  Jew 
Looks  darkly  down  on  piles  of  you 
(i.e.,  _  prim  roses).  "Jew  "and  "you"  arouse 
suspicion  that  fact  has  here  been  sacrificed  to 
the  exigences  of  rime,  which,  if  so,  would,  I 
take  it,  exceed  the  bounds  of  poetic  licence 
altogether.  CECIL  CLARKE. 

Junior  Athenaeum  Club. 

[Disraeli  was  a  Jew  by  birth,  which  surely  is  an 
ample  justification  for  the  word  as  here  used.  We 
cannot  see  that  poetical  licence  has  been  exceeded, 
or  that  the  word  is  curious  enough  to  justify  the 
rather  crude  suspicion  that  it  was  necessitated  by 
rime.] 

IRISH  AT  CHERBOURG.— In  '  Marguerites  du 
Temps  Passe,'  Madame  Darmesteter  (nee 
Miss  A.  M.  F.  Robinson)  relates  the  story  of 
"  Phillippe  le  Cat."  Therein  she  tells  of  "  the 
numerous  Irish  emigrants  who  made  up  so 
large  a  portion  of  the  population  of  Cher- 
bourg." The  date  given  is  1429.  Can  any 
reader  show  if  there  is  any  historical  justi- 
fication for  the  statement  1  Names  of  authori- 
ties referring  to  this  colony  of  Irish  will  be 
most  acceptable.  SHAN  GHALL. 

MOHAMMED'S  WILL.— Where  is  the  will  of 
the  prophet  Mohammed  deposited  ?  Is  it  in- 
tact ?  W. 

4  JANUS  ;  OR,  THE  EDINBURGH  LITERARY 
ALMANACK.'— This  is  a  collection  of  essays, 
published  by  Oliver  &  Boyd  (1826),  of  very 
high  character,  on  every  variety  of  topic.  I 
have  endeavoured  to  trace — by  internal  evi- 
dence—the authorship  of  some,  but  in  vain. 
There  is  reason  to  believe  that  among  them 
are  to  be  found  some  unrecorded  biblio- 
graphical items.  la  anything  known  of  this 
publication?  EDWARD  SMITH. 

DUDLEY,  EARL  or  LEICESTER.— I  should 
like  to  know  something  of  the  artist,  or  of 
the  probable  date,  of  a  brass  plaque  (repoussf) 
bearing  the  inscription,  "Robertus  Dudleius 
Comes  Leicestrise,  Gubernator  Belgarum." 
The  artist's  name  is  A.  Arens.  It  seems  an 
excellent  likeness  of  Leicester,  with  long 
curled  moustaches,  the  chin  whisker  rather 
longer  than  in  the  commonly  seen  engravings, 
and  with  a  hat  much  like  that  worn  by  Bacon 
in  the  popular  pictorial  representations  of 
him.  n  A  TT 

-»T  IT  .  ^~/>        **•         il. 

New  York  City. 

CIPHER  USED  BY  BALZAC.— Many  years  ago 
I  asked  whether  the  first  section  of  Medita- 


tion xxv.  in  Balzac's  'Physiologie  du 
Mariage'  was  a  mere  mystification  or  a 
genuine  cipher,  and,  if  a  cipher,  for  its  key. 
The  one  reply  declared  it  a  real  cipher,  bub 
did  not  supply  the  key.  Can  any  correspon- 
dent now  furnish  it  ? 

I  cannot  give  a  reference  to  my  previous 
communication,  as  my  search  for  it,  under 
each  likely  word,  through  all  the  index 
volumes,  has  been  fruitless. 

FRANK  REDE  FOWKE. 

24,  Netherton  Grove,  Chelsea,  S.W. 

NELSON  COLUMN. — There  must  be  some 
mistake  in  the  popular  estimate  of  the  height 
of  this  monument.  It  is  said  to  be,  column 
and  capital,  176ft.  6  in.  in  height,  and,  in- 
cluding the  statue  (stated  to  be  18  ft.), 
193-4  ft.  (Weale's  '  Handbook  of  _  London,' 
Bohn,  1854).  But  the  scaffolding  itself  was 
only  170  ft.  in  height  (Builder^  2  December, 
1843,  p.  522);  and  "Moderator,"  writing  to 
The  Builder  of  15  December,  1849,  says  :— 

"I  have  gone  to  the  best  source  for  my  informa- 
tion, and  find  the  height  of  the  column  as  built, 
from  the  top  of  the  pedestal  to  the  top  of  the 
abacus,  to  be  101ft.  Gin.;  the  lower  diameter 
IQAft.,  and  the  upper  diameter  Oft." 

What  is  the  truth?  The  Mars  Ultor 
column  in  Rome,  which  served  as  an  example 
to  the  architect,  is  only  58  ft. 

J.   HOLDEN  MAcMlCHAEL. 

"DUNELMLE  FILIUS."  —  Two  little  poetical 
tracts,  'A  Few  Sheaves,  In-gathered,'  Rams- 
gate,  printed  by  Edwin  Peirce  ;  and  '  Leaves 
from  the  Mind's  Diary,'  Oxford,  John  Oliver, 
47,  George  Street,  are  stated  on  fcheir  title- 
pages  to  be  by  "Dunelmise  Filius."  They  are 
not  dated,  but  are  later  than  1870.  Who  was 
the  author?  W.  C.  B. 

JOHN  SHEPHARD,  OF  DOCTORS'  COMMONS.— 
I  shall  be  glad  to  learn  the  name  and  date 
of  the  paper  in  which  mention  was  made 
during  April  of  the  late  Mr.  John  Shephard, 
of  Doctors'  Commons,  in  connexion  with  the 
resignation  of  the  living  of  Eton  by  his 
eldest  son,  Canon  J.  Shephard. 

(Miss)  J.  P.  SHEPHARD. 

2,  Mandeville  Place,  W. 

W.  W.  C.  OR  W.  H.  C.,  ARTIST,  1818.-I 
have  a  series  of  six  pretty  water  -  colour 
drawings  of  views  in  St.  Lawrence,  Thanet, 
which  bear  the  above  initials.  One  of  them 
.  'South  Chilton  House,' evidently  the  ori- 
ginal drawing  of  Curling's  house  from  which 
was  reproduced  the  plate  at  p.  226  of  Cotton's 
'  Hist,  and  Ant.  of  St.  Lawrence.'  Can  any 
reader  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  identify  the  artist  ? 
may  add  that  these  drawings  were  purchased 


io«.  s.  in.  MAY  is,  iocs.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


369 


by  me  at  the  sale  of  books  and  prints  of  the 
late  Kenyon  W.  Wilkie,  of  St.  Lawrence. 

E.  HOVENDEN. 
Hockeredge,  \Vestgate-on-Sea. 

SIXTEENTH- CENTURY  ECONOMIST. — In  MS. 
Eawlinson  D.  400  is  a  leaf  (numbered  191) 
from  a  discussion  of  depression  of  trade  and 
the  like.  Among  other  things,  the  author 
says  : — 

"The  Cawse  of  decaye  in  alle  our  Trades  and 
occupaciones  Comethe  throwghe  want  of  good  vent 
of  our  Countrie  Commodities,  and  the  overmuche 
brynging  into  the  Land  of  forren  Tryfling  wares. 

"  The  Cause  of  that  ylle  vent  of  our  Countrye 
Commodyties  :  And  overmuch  bringing  in  of  Forren 
tryfling  wares :  ys  Abvse  practized  in  owre  Ex- 
chainge  :  And  transportacion  of  our  monyes  and 
Treasuer  into  Forren  Countries." 

The  author  heads  his  second  chapter  thus  : 

"  The  second  Chapter  proveth  howe    that  the 

gold  and  Syluer  in  our  Monyes,  ar  lower  valued 

heare  in  England  then  other  Countries  borderyng 

vppon  vs  do  valewe  and  esteame  of  the  same." 

I  shall  be  very  glad  of  any  help  in  tracing 
other  parts  of  this  book,  the  name  of  the 
author,  »fcc.  Q.  V. 

CHARLEMAGNE'S  KOMAN  ANCESTORS.  — 
Long  ago  I  saw  in  a  printed  folio  volume  of 
the  seventeenth  century  a  pedigree  tracing 
Charlemagne's  descent  from  the  time  of 
Augustus  Csesar  through  one  of  the  great 
patrician  houses  of  Rome.  Of  course  it  must 
be  wholly,  or  in  great  part,  spurious,  but 
nevertheless  I  am  anxious  to  examine  it.  I 
cannot  call  to  mind  the  title  of  the  book 
wherein  it  occurs.  Can  any  one  help  me  ? 

ASTARTE. 

SACK. — The  writer  of  a  "  turnover "  on 
'English  Drinking'  in  The  Globe  of  27  April 

says,  "Mead still  retained  its  popularity 

in  Elizabethan  days,  when  it  was  mixed  with 
hops  and  brandy,  and  called  'sack.'"  What 
authority  is  there  for  this  libel  on  Falstaff 's 
favourite  drink  ?  G.  L.  APPERSON. 

Wimbledon. 

PRISONERS'  CLOTHES  AS  PERQUISITES. — In 
the  year  1678  Robert  Green,  Henry  Berry, 
and  Lawrence  Hill  were  convicted  of  the 
murder  of  Sir  Edmundbury  Godfrey.  Sen- 
tence was  postponed  till  the  following  day, 
•when  Mr.  Recorder,  in  praying  for  judgment, 
acquainted  the  Lord  Chief  Justice  that  "  im- 
mediately after  their  conviction,  one  of  the 
officers,  a  tipstaffe,  pretending  it  was  his  fee, 
took  their  cloaths  off  their  backs."  In  reply  to 
a  question,  the  tipstaff  made  answer  :  "  It 
hath  been  an  ancient  custom  this  forty 
years,  some  of  us  have  known  it,  that  the 
Marshall  hath  the  upper  garment  of  all  the 


prisoners  tried  at  this  Bar"— a  nice  sort  of 
perquisite  !  The  Clerk  of  the  Crown  Office, 
who  had  known  the  practice  of  the  court  for 
threescore  years,  denied  the  custom,  and  the 
clothes  were  restored.  It  is  clear,  however, 
that  there  was  some  such  barbarous  practice, 
as  Mr.  Justice  Wyld  terms  it,  for  when 
the  Lord  Chief  Justice  asked  the  tipstaff, 
"Are  they  in  your  custody,  pray1?"  Mr. 
Justice  Dolben  replied,  "  I  think  they 
always  plead  the  custody  of  the  Marshall." 
Perhaps  some  of  your  readers  can  throw 
a  little  light  on  the  proceeding.  One 
can  hardly  imagine  a  grosser  disrespect 
to  the  Court  than  for  the  officials  to  send 
up  the  prisoners  for  sentence  in  a  half- 
dressed  state.  HOLCOMBE  INGLEBY. 
Sedgeford  Hall. 


SOUTHWOLD    CHURCH:    FIGURES   AND 

EMBLEMS, 
(10th  S.  iii.  329.) 

FROMthe  fourteenth  to  the  sixteenth  century 
angels  were  often  represented  in  sacred  art  as 
clothed  in  the  ecclesiastical  vestments — in 
copes,  chasubles,  dalmatics,  and  tunicles— and 
in  England  the  stole  was  worn  crossed  on  the 
breast  by  the  priest  at  the  altar  (Fairholt, 
1  Diet,  of  Terms  in  Art,'  v.  '  Angel ')-  Angels 
are  represented  in  the  works  of  artists  of  the 
fourteenth  and  fifteenth  centuries  in  albs 
and  stoles,  and  the  stole  is  always  crossed 
over  the  breast  (A.  W.  Pugin,  '  Gloss,  of 
Eccl.  Ornament,'  1868).  Bocquillot  says  that 
priests  and  bishops  formerly  both  wore  the 
stole  hanging  on  each  side,  but  that  the 
Spanish  bishops,  by  way  of  distinction, 
ordered  the  priests  of  their  dioceses  to  cross 
the  stole  over  their  breast.  It  is  said  to  sym- 
bolize the  easy  yoke  of  Christ ;  and  no  doubt 
it  received  an  additional  symbolic  significa- 
tion from  the  fact  of  Christ  having  borne  the 
cross  on  His  back,  for  worn  in  front  it  served 
to  remind  His  followers  among  the  priest- 
hood of  His  Sacred  Passion.  The  Fourth 
Council  of  Braga  (A  r>.  675)  orders  that  at  the 
celebration  of  the  Eucharist  the  priest  should 
wear  his  stole  (and  only  one)  so  that  it  should 
pass  round  the  neck  and  over  both  shoulders, 
and  form  a  cross  on  his  breast  (Can.  IV. ; 
Labbe,  vii.  581).  This  regulation  is  quoted 
by  Innocent  III.  ('De  Sacro  Alteris  Mys- 
terio,'  lib.  i.  c.  54;  'Patrol.'  ccxvii.  794). 
The  penalty  enacted  for  disobedience  is 
excommunication.  There  is  nothing  unfair 
in  assuming  that  it  represents  a  long-settled 


370 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io»  s.  m.  MAY  13, 1905. 


usage  (Smith's  '  Diet,  of  Christian  Anti- 
quities,' s.v.  ' Stole'). 

The  "apron  or  sheet  in  which  are  small 
figures,"  and  which  St.  Raphael  the  Arch- 
angel holds  in  both  hands,  probably  repre- 
sents the  fish  captured  when,  as  a  companion 
of  Tobias,  St.  Raphael,  by  means  of  them, 
performed  the  miraculous  cure  of  the  sight 
of  Tobias's  father. 

At  the  beginning  of  last  century  a  niche 
on  each  side  of  the  north  door  of  Southwold 
Church  contained  an  angel  in  the  attitude  of 
prayer,  and  the  porch  was  decorated  with 
Gothic  letters,  similar  to  those  of  an  inscrip- 
tion over  the  great  west  window,  which  ran 
thus  : — 

SAT.   EDMUND.   ORA.   P.  NOBIS. 

Every  letter  was  adorned  with  a  crown,  and 
the  whole  was  skilfully  executed.  The  fronts 
of  the  pews  in  the  interior  of  this  highly  orna- 
mented church  were  decorated  with  repre- 
sentations of  birds,  beasts,  satyrs,  and  human 
figures  ;  the  ceiling  was  finely  painted  ;  and 
on  a  screen,  in  the  north  aisle,  were  por- 
trayed various  figures  emblematical  of  the 
Holy  Trinity  and  the  Hierarchy,  with  the 
twelve  Apostles,  and  figurative  representa- 
tions of  various  subjects  in  Holy  Writ  (Dug- 
dale's  'British  Traveller'). 

J.   HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

The  "crossed  stole"  is  at  the  present  day 
worn  by  the  officiating  priest  at  the  celebra- 
tion of  the  Holy  Eucharist  in  many  churches 
of  the  Anglican  communion,  and  in  all  of  the 
Roman.  By  a  bishop  of  either  communion 
the  stole  is  worn  over  the  alb,  but  not 
crossed.  The  "crossed  stole"  would  be  worn 
over  the  alb  by  the  officiating  priest  at  a 
wedding,  should  a  Nuptial  Mass  be  following 
the  marriage  service.  (See  rubric  at  end  of 
*  Solemnization  of  Holy  Matrimony '  in 
Book  of  Common  Prayer.) 

In  the  Greek  communion  the  epitachelion, 
corresponding  to  the  stole  in  the  West,  is 
never  crossed,  being  merely  a  broad  strip  of 
silk  with  an  aperture  at  the  top  to  pass  the 
head  through,  but  it  is  kept  in  place  by 
means  of  the  girdle,  as  in  the  West.  Whether 
it  is  used  or  not  in  the  marriage  service  I  am 
unable  to  say.  JOHN  SYDNEY  HANS. 

Priests  wear  the  stole  between  the  alb 
(surplice)  and  the  chasuble,  crossed  over  the 
breast,  and  secured  in  that  position  by  the 
girdle  of  the  alb — nowadays  only  when 
officiating  at  Mass,  formerly  on  all  occasions 
on  which  the  stole  was  worn.  This  vestment 
as  touching  the  mystery, 

"  signifieth    the  ropes  or   bands  that  Christ  wa 
bound  with  to  the  pillar  when  He  was  scourged 


nd  as  touching  the  minister,  it  signifieth  the 
roke  of  patience,  which  he  must  bear  as  the  servant 
of  God.'r 

A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

The  late  Dr.  F.  G.  Lee,  in  his  '  Glossary  of 
Liiturgical  Terms,'  p.  385,  speaking  of  the 
stole,  says  : — 

In  the  Western  Church  it  is  the  custom  for 
,he  priest  when  ministering  at  the  altar  to  cross  the 
stole  on  his  breast,  and  put  the  ends  through  the 
girdle  of  the  alb.  Although  this  might  have  been 
done  in  early  times,  it  did  not  become  a  general 
"ustom  until  about  the  thirteenth  century." 

WM.  NORMAN. 

6,  St.  James'  Place,  Plumstead. 

[MR.  E.  H.  COLEMAN  also  quotes  Dr.  F.  G.  Lee.] 


EPIGRAM  ON  A  ROSE  (10th  S.  iii.  309,  354).— 
Forty  years  ago  I  noted  in  my  commonplace 
book  that  the  four  lines  about  which  F.  W. 
inquires  are  followed  by  : — 

But  if  thy  ruby  lip  it  spy, 

To  kiss  it  shouldst  thou  deign, 
With  envy  pale  'twill  lose  its  dye, 
And  Yorkist  turn  again. 

The  first  four  lines  (mine  begin  "If  this 
pale  rose  ")  are  by  Somerville  (1692-1742),  one 
stanza  of  several  on  '  Presenting  a  Rose  to  a 
Lady  on  the  10th  June.'  The  second  stanza 
was  added  by  Congreve  (see  Sir  H.  Halford's 
'  Nugae  Metrics,'  1842).  Somerville  probably 
adopted  the  idea  from  Herrick,  viz. : — 
Roses  at  first  were  white 

Till  they  could  not  agree 
Whether  my  Sappho's  breast 
Or  they  more  white  should  be. 

But  being  vanquish'd  quite, 
A  blush  their  cheeks  bespread, 

Since  when,  believe  the  rest, 
The  roses  first  came  red. 

The  above,  together  with  other  epigrams 
relating  to  the  'Origin  of  the  Red  Rose,' 
will  be  found  in  Dodd's  '  Epigrammatists.' 

H.  S.  MUIR, 
Surgeon-General  (Ret.). 
149,  Oakwood  Court,  W. 

REV.  EDW.  WM.  GRINFIELD  (10th  S.  iii.  330) 
was  minister  of  Laura  Chapel,  Bath,  in  1820, 
according  to  Foster's  'Alumni  Oxonienses,' 
second  series,  part  ii.  p.  572.  G.  F.  R.  B. 

HAMLET  WATLING  (10th  S.  ii.  488 ;  iii.  154, 
272).— MR.  CANN  HUGHES  may  like  to  know- 
that  my  collections  relating  to  East  Anglia 
are  still  with  me,  and  are  now  for  sale. 

HAMLET  WATLING. 

Derby  Villa,  41,  Pearce  Road,  Ipswich. 

'  LOVE'S  LABOUR  's  LOST'  :  ITS  DATE  (10th  S. 
iii.  265).— MR.  PITT-LEWIS  says  that  I  have 
not  quoted  him  quite  fairly  in  my  extract 


io"«  s.  in.  MAY  is,  1905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


371 


from  his  book.  I  should  be  very  sorry  indeed 
if  I  had  been  unfair.  Let  me  repeat  the 
extract  from  p.  38  exactly  as  printed  : — 

"In  the  year  just  named,  however  (1598),  the 
Play  of  '  Love's  Labour 's  Lost '  was  shown  to  be  an 
old  Play  by  the  announcement  on  its  title-page  that 
it  had  been  '  presented  before  her  Highness  last 
Christmas '  and  that  it  had  been  newly  corrected 
and  enlarged  by  '  William  Shakespeare.'  " 

Nov  MR.  PITT-LEWIS  introduces  here  quota- 
t'on  marks  :  these  would  lead  any  one  to 
suppose  that  the  words  so  quoted  were  on 
the  title-page  to  which  he  refers.  In  both 
instances  the  quotation  is  incorrect,  as  may 
be  seen  from  my  extract  of  the  quarto  title- 
page  (ante,  p.  170).  If  MR.  PITT-LEWIS  was 
not  quoting  from  the  title-page,  why  did  he 
introduce  the  quotation  marks  ? 

However,  the  inaccuracy  in  regard  to  the 
title-page  is  of  small  importance,  compared 
with  the  fact  that  MR.  PITT-LEWIS  founds 
his  whole  argument  on  the  supposition  that 
*' Shakespeare"  was  Bacon's  pen-name,  and 
that  it  was  so  used  on  the  early  title-pages. 
But  this  was  not  the  case  in  the  quarto  of 
1598,  to  which  MR.  PITT-LEWIS  refers  ;  on  the 
contrary,  the  author's  name  is  printed  "  W. 
Shakespere."  MR.  PITT-LEWIS  is  careless  and 
inaccurate  in  referring  in  his  note  to  the 
*  title-page  of  the  Folio  of  1598."  I  know  the 
quarto  of  1598,  but  have  never  heard  of  a 
Folio  of  1598. 

As  to  the  final  remarks  of  MR.  PITT-LEWIS, 
I  can  assure  him  that,  as  an  ardent  student 
of  Shakespeare,  I  am  eager  to  get  any  new 
light  that  I  can  possibly  obtain  on  the 
immortal  poet's  life  and  writings.  I  have 
waded  through  the  volumes  of  Delia  Bacon, 
Wigston,  and  the  rest,  including— last,  but 
not  least — the  book  which  MR.  PITT-LEWIS 
published  some  months  ago.  I  find  in  them 
all  endless  hypothesis  and  assertion,  but  not 
one  single  historical  fact  on  which  this  modern 
theory  could  be  reasonably  constructed. 

D.  E.  CLARK. 
Glasgow. 

SEVENTEENTH  -  CENTURY  PHRASES  (10th  S. 
ii.  425,  533).— Might  not  "Spaniard's  disci- 
pline "  refer  to  the  '  CX.  Considerationes '  of 
Juan  de  Valdes,  translated  into  English  by 
Nicholas  Ferrar  ?  Mention  of  this  work  is 
made  in  'John  Inglesant,'  as  well  as  of  the 
'  Spiritual  Guide '  of  Molinos. 

W.  L.  POOLE. 

Montevideo. 

EPITAPHS  :  THEIR  BIBLIOGRAPHY  (10th  S.  i. 
44,  173,  217,  252,  334  ;  ii.  57,  194,  533;  iii.  114, 
195).— I  submit  the  following  list  of  works 
on  the  subject.  Of  course  any  such  lists 


must  be  very  fragmentary,  for  the  published 
epitaphs  of  both  churches  and  churchyards 
must  be  immense.  A  large  number  of  these 
are  hidden  away  in  county  histories  and 
periodicals  devoted  to  genealogy.  A  methodi- 
cal index  locorum  to  these  published  in- 
scriptions on  the  lines  of  Dr.  Marshall's  list 
of  printed  parish  registers  is  much  to  be 
desired.  I  have  omitted  from  my  list  the 
titles  of  works  on  brasses  and  the  heraldry  of 
churches  and  churchyards,  which,  of  course, 
deal  more  or  less  directly  with  the  subject. 
One  of  the  best-known  MS.  sources  of  in- 
formation is  the  large  collection  of  M.I. 
formed  by  Thos.  Hay  ward,  of  Hungerford 
(Brit.  Mus.  Add.  MSS.  13916-13953).  There 
are  hundreds  of  other  MSS.  for  the  curious 
student  to  be  found  at  the  British  Museum 
and  elsewhere. 

Of  general  works  on  tombstone  literature, 
much  information,  together  with  many  curious 
cuts  of  headstones,  mostly  of  the  seventeenth 
and  eighteenth  centuries,  may  be  gained  from 
W.  T.  Vincent's  'In  Search  of  Gravestones 
Old  and  Curious,'  102  illustrations,  Lond., 
1896.  The  work  is  almost  unique  in  its  par- 
ticular subject.  Mrs.  Holmes's  'London 
Burial-grounds '  is  also  indispensable  as  an 
introduction  to  the  subject. 

Dingley's  History  from  Marble.  1867-8  (Camden 
Society). 

EIIITA<PlA.— A  Collection  of  Epitaphs  to  Faith- 
ful Servants.  [Longmans]  1826. 

Epitaphs  and  Epigrams,  Curious,  Quaint,  and 
Amusing,  from  Various  Sources.  S.  Palmer, 
1869. 

Munby  (A.  J.).— Faithful  Servants:  Epitaphs  and 
Obits.  1891. 

Norfolk  (H.  E.).  —  Gleanings  from  Graveyards. 
London,  1886. 

Pulleyn  (W.).— Churchyard  Gleanings.    (1830?) 

Cumberland. 

Mon.  Inscr.  of  Wigton,  Cumberland.  Rev.  J. 
Wilson,  1892. 

Derbyshire. 

Mon.  Inscr.  of  Ashbourn,  Derbyshire.  Boothby  & 
Seward,  1806. 

Durham. 

Mon.  Inscr.  of  Cathedral,  Parish  Churches,  and 
Cemeteries  of  the  City  of  Durham.  C.  M. 
Carlton.  Vol.  I.  —  These  are  complete  and 
verbatim,  so  far  as  they  go,  but  no  more 
volumes  were  published. 

Essex. 

Heraldry  and  Mon.  Inscr.  in  Churches  and  Disused 
Burial-grounds  of  Harwich,  Dovercourt,  and 
Ramsay,  Essex.  J.  H.  Bloom. 

Gloucestershire. 
Mon.  Inscr.  of   Charlton   Kings,    Glouc.     B.    H. 

Blacker,  1876. 
Mon.  Inscr.  of  Cheltenham  Church.  B.  H.  Blacker, 

1877. 


372 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io*  s.  m.  MAY  13,  woe. 


Kent. 

Mon.  Inscr.  of  Holy  Cross  and  Westgate,  Can- 
terbury. J.  M.  Cowper. 

Mon.  Inscr.,  &c.,  of  Chislet.     Haslewood  (— ). 

Mon.  Inscr.  of  Benenden,  Kent.    Haslewood  ( — ). 

Mon.  Inscr.  of  St.  Mary,  Lewisham. — Bound  with 
Registers.  Lewisham  Antiq.  Soc. 

Mon.  Inscr.  of  St.  Giles's,  Kingston,  Kent,  Church 
and  Yard. — Bound  with  Registers. 

Lincolnshire. 

Exact  Copy  of  Ancient  Mon.  Inscr.  of  Lincoln 
Cathedral.  Robt.  Sanderson,  London,  1851. 

London  and  District. 

A  Catalogue  of  most  of  the  Memorable  Tombs 

in  the  Demolisht  or  yet  Extant  Churches  of 
London,  from  St.  Katherine  beyond  the  Tower 
to  Temple  Barre,  &c.  P.  Fisher,  1668. 

Bunhill  Fields. — Inscriptions  on  Tombs.     1717. 

Inscriptions  on  Tombstones  of  St.  Michael,  Crooked 
Lane.  1831. 

Collection  of  Epitaphs.    F.  T.  Cansick,  1869-72. 

Mon.  Inscr.  of  Charterhouse  Chapel. — Bound  with 
Registers.  Harl.  Soc.,  vol.  xviii. 

Norfolk. 
Sepulchral  Reminiscences  of  Great  Yarmouth.    J. 

Browne,  1877. 
Mon.  Inscr.  for  the  Hundred  of  Holt.    Walter  Rye, 

1883. 
Mon.  Inscr.  of  Cromer. — A  full  copy  in  '  Cromer 

Past  and  Present.'    Walter  Rye. 
Rough  Materials  for  a  History  of  North  Erpingham. 

Walter  Rye,  1883. 

Northumberland. 

Richardson  { — ). — Collection  of  Armorial  Bearings 
and  Mon.  Inscr.  in  Parochial  Chapel  of  St. 
Andrew,  Newcastle-on-Tyne. 

Nottinghamshire. 

Mon.  Inscr.  of  Edwinstow,  Church  and  Yard. — 
Bound  with  Registers. 

Suffolk. 

Mon.  Inscr.  of  St.  Matthew,  Ipswich.  F.  Hasle- 
wood. 

Surrey. 

In  Memoriam  Crpydensium,  containing  Mon.  Inscr. 
from  Churches,  Yards,  and  Cemetery  of  Parish, 
and  'also  from  Beddington,  Shirley,  and  Ad- 
dington.  1883. 

Warwickshire. 

Description  of  St.  Michael's  Church,  Coventry. 
W.  Reader. — Gives  all  monumental  inscrip- 
tions. 

Mon.  Inscr.  of  St.  Michael's,  Coventry.  J.  Astley, 
1885. 

Wiltshire. 

Copies  of  the  Epitaphs  in  Salisbury  Cathedral. 
Jas.  Harris,  1825. 

Mon.  Inscr.  of  Co.  Wilton.  Sir  Thos.  Phillipps, 
1822.— These  are  from  the  churches  only.  Mr. 
Schomberg,  of  Seend,  took  in  hand  the  com- 
pletion of  the  work.  His  notes  were  published 
in  Misc.  Genealog.  et  Heraldica.  I  do  not 
know  if  they  were  completed. 

Yorkshire. 

Topcliffe  and  Morley  Mon.  Inscr.— Bound  with 
Registers.  Wm.  Smith,  London,  1888,  illus- 
trated. 

I  have  no  notes   on  works   dealing   with 
other  parts  of  the  United  Kingdom.    For 


the  colonies  there  is  the  well-known  work 
of  J.  H.  L.  Archer,  '  Monumental  Inscrip- 
tions of  the  British  West  Indies,'  1875. 

F.  S.  SNELL. 
Boys'  High  School,  Worcester,  Cape  Colony. 

BLOOD  USED  IN  BUILDING  :  SUGAR  IN 
MORTAR  (10th  S.  ii.  389,  455;  iii.  34,  76,  114, 
173).— I  find  the  following  in  'Notes  on 
Building,  &c.,  compiled  for  use  in  the  Depart- 
ment of  Public  Works,'  Madras,  1862  :— 

"  Mixing  of  Mortars. — The  use  of  jaghery. — When 
the  mortar  is  brought  on  the  work,  it  is  again 
mixed  with  water,  and  the  native  bricklayers  use 
a  considerable  quantity,  and  so  temper  the  mortar 

very  thin It  has  always  been  the  custom  in  this 

country  to  mix  a  certain  quantity  of  jaghery  (coarse 
sugar)  in  the  water  used  in  tempering  mortar,  and 
experiments  have  shown  that  it  exercises  a 
beneficial  influence,  at  all  events,  on  the  first 
hardening  of  the  mortar.  From  a  quarter  to  half  a 
pound  per  gallon  has  been  found  to  be  a  good 
proportion,  the  former  for  ordinary  purposes,  the 
latter  for  those  parts  of  a  work  which  demand 
particular  attention.  This  would  correspond  to 
from  2i  to  5  Ib.  per  parah  of  chunam.*  The  Madras 
data  formerly  allowed  5  Ib.  of  jaghery  to  1,000 
bricks,  or  to  7  parahs  of  chunam,  for  walls,  and  1  Ib. 

per  parah  for  arches Jaghery  will  be  found  more 

useful  with  pure  limes  than  with  those  having 
hydraulic  properties 

"Cement  Chunam.  —  Plastering. — For  one  coat 
the  plaster  is  composed  of  one  part  lime  and  one 
and  a  half  river  sand  Ihoroughly  mixed  and  well 
beaten  up  with  water.  The  plaster  is  mixed  up 
with  jaghery  water  and  brought  to  the  required  con- 
sistency  

"  For  two  coats.— The  plaster  used  for  the  second 
coat  consists  of  three  parts  lime  and  one  of  white 
sand,  mixed  as  before,  and  afterwards  ground  by 
women  on  a  flat  stone  with  a  small  stone  roller. 
The  plaster  thus  prepared  is  applied  with  care 
about  the  eighth  of  an  inch  thick.  It  is  then  rubbed 
down  perfectly  smooth,  and  afterwards  polished 
with  a  crystal  or  smooth  stone  rubber,  and  as  soon 
as  it  has  acquired  a  polish  a  very  little  fine  balla- 
pum  (spapstone)  powder  is  sprinkled  on  it,  and 
the  polishing  continued,  &c. 

"For  three  coats.— The  plaster  for  the  second 

coat  to  consist  of  one  part  lime  and  one  of  fine 
river  sand,  freed  from  coarser  particles  and  from 
clay  by  sifting.  The  third  coat  consists  of  four 
parts  of  lime  and  one  of  fine  white  sand.  These, 
after  being  well  mixed  and  reduced  by  grinding  to 
a  very  fine  paste,  are  put  into  a  large  earthen  jar, 
size  about  half  a  hogshead,  and  mixed  with  the 
whites  of  eggs  and  tyre,  or  milk  curds,  in  the  pro- 
portion of  12  eggs  and  1^  measures  of  tyre  to  every 
parah  of  plaster.  (Note."  Sometimes  half  a  pound 
of  ghee  is  mixed  with  the  above  quantities  of  white 
of  egg  and  tyre)  These  are  all  thoroughly  mixed 
and  the  ingredients  incorporated.  The  plaster  is 
put  on  about  one-tenth  of  an  inch  thick.  Imme- 
diately after  this  another  coat  of  still  finer  plaster 
is  applied,  consisting  of  pure  lime  ground  to  a  fine 
paste  and  mixed  with  water  in  a  clean  tub.  This 
is  put  on  about  a  sixteenth  of  an  inch  thick  with 
a  brush,  and  rubbed  gently  with  a  small  trowel 


The  parah  is  20  in.  by  20  in.  by  10  in. 


io»  a.  m.  MAT  is.  iocs.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


37? 


till  it  acquires  a  slight  degree  of  hardness.  It  is  then 
rubbed  with  a  crystal  or  stone  rubber  till  a  beautiful 
polish  is  produced,  not  forgetting  to  sprinkle  the 
wall  with  fine  ballapum  powder  during  the  process  of 
polishing,  £c.  All  moisture  should  be  carefully 
wiped  off,  and  the  wall  kept  quite  dry  till  all 

appearance  of  moisture  ceases The  plastering  of 

the  Madras  Cathedral  is  deservedly  celebrated,  and 
though  executed  nearly  forty  years  ago,  it  is  still  in 
excellent  preservation.  On  that  occasion,  not  only 
were  all  the  precautions  just  mentioned  taken,  but 
the  rubbing  of  the  surface  was  carried  on  for  a  long 
time,  and  persons  were  employed  for  two  months 
removing  every  appearance  of  moisture  from  the 
walls.  Comparing  this  with  the  practice  of  the 
present  day,  it  will  not  be  difficult  to  account  for 
tho  quick  deterioration  of  the  plaster  that  now 
takes  place." 

F.  W.  G. 

The  Scalloway  Castle,  Shetland,  was  built 
to  weather  time.  With  this  object  the 
founder  forced  the  inhabitants  of  the  island 
to  furnish  a  set  quantity  of  the  white  of  sea- 
fowls'  eggs  for  mixing  with  the  mortar.  See 
G.  J.  Wells,  '  Voyage  to  Spitzbergen,'  p.  69. 

L.  K.  M.  S. 

MR.  SCHLOESSER  (ante,  p.  34)  states  that 
many  South  African  tribes  use  bullocks' 
blood  to  polish  the  mud  floors  of  their  huts, 
which  gradually  assume  an  appearance 
something  like  black  marble ;  and  at  the 
same  reference  another  of  your  correspon- 
dents speaks  of  the  efficacy  of  bullocks'  blood 
for  filling  joints  between  brick  and  building 
stones,  or  to  make  the  work  more  solid  and 
durable. 

MR.  NICHOLSON,  however  (p.  76),  doubts 
whether  blood  would  be  used  in  building  for 
any  but  superstitious  reasons.  But,  if  my 
memory  serves  me  rightly,  the  stone  flooring 
of  the  old  tennis  court  at  Lord's  Cricket 
Ground,  St.  John's  Wood,  which  was  pulled 
down  some  time  in  the  early  nineties,  was 
prepared  with  bullocks'  blood,  and  I  always 
understood  that  it  was  for  those  very  quali- 
ties indicated  by  your  correspondents,  and 
to  preserve  a  beautifully  dark  glossy  surface, 
that  it  was  so  used.  And  yet  the  committee 
of  the  Marylebone  Cricket  Club  could  hardly, 
I  think,  be  accused  of  superstition. 

But  where,  in  another  form,  the  use  of 
blood  as  giving  strength  and  solidity  to 
building  materials  may  savour  of  supersti- 
tion is  when,  e.g.,  we  find  the  older  genera- 
tions of  Fijians  burying  a  man — enemy  or 
otherwise— upright  beneath  each  post  of  a 
dwelling-house,  in  order  to  ensure  stability 
or  freedom  from  ills. 

I  once  had  an  amusing  conversation  with 
the  owner  of  such  a  house  (vicariously 
though,  through  the  services  of  the  local 


European  magistrate,  who  acted  as  my  in- 
terpreter, my  knowledge  of  the  Fijian  lan- 
guage being  but  limited),  which,  as  showing: 
the  simple-mindedness  and  unabashedness- 
of  the  race  and  evidencing  a  curious  bit 
of  cannibal  folk-lore,  may  be  interesting  to- 
readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  I  was  on  a  visit  in  the 
mountains  of  Colo,  in  the  interior  of  Viti 
Levu,  with  a  small  party  of  Government 
officials,  and  was  passing  the  night  at  this 
very  house.  Our  Lost — who  was  known  as- 
the  "man-post-man,"  and  had  been  a  great 
warrior  in  his  day — had  been  entertaining: 
us  with  the  customary  Fijian  offerings  of  food, 
such  as  chickens,  pigs,  yams,  <fec.,  and  in 
return  we  offered  of  our  store,  consisting: 
mostly  of  tinned  meats.  But  our  host,  being 
to  all  appearance  toothless,  was  particularly 
partial  to  the  tinned  salmon,  and  being  of  a* 
very  polite  nature  he  presently  began  to- 
apologize  to  me  for  his  inability  to  keep  up 
with  us  in  our  hungry  onslaught  on  the  good 
things  provided  for  us,  and  most  frankly 
gave  the  following  explanation  of  the  cause. 
He  called  my  attention  to  the  fact  that  he* 
had  no  teeth,  and  told  me  that  that  was- 
because,  when  a  younger  man,  he  had  killed 
and  eaten  his  brother  !  "  And  you  know," 
he  confidentially  added,  "  that  with  us- 
Fijians,  if  you  eat  your  near  relations,  your 
teeth  always  fall  out." 

And  this  was  said  without  any  hesitation- 
to  me,  who  then  represented  to  him  the  very 
embodiment  of  the  prosecuting  majesty  of 
the  law,  the  Vu-ni-laiva  (the  root  of  the  law), 
as  the  Attorney-General  of  the  colony  was- 
called  by  the  natives.  Verily,  the  conversion 
of  this  man  by  the  Wesleyans  was  complete  ; 
or  was  it  the  other  way  ? 

J.  S.  UDAL,  F.S.A. 

Antigua,  W.L 

I  remember  reading  that  Charles  Incledon 
(1763-1826),  the  singer,  on  one  occasion  thus- 
taunted  a  Bristol  audience  which  had  hissed 
him  :  "Every  brick  in  your  city  is  cemented 
with  the  blood  of  a  nigger."  The  point  of 
the  gibe,  I  suppose,  lay  in  the  close  connexion 
of  Bristol  merchants  with  the  slave  trade. 
Can  any  reader  give  chapter  and  verse  for 
the  anecdote  1 

In  the 'Diet.  Nat.  Biog.,'  sub  ' Incledon r 
(vol.  xxviii.  p.  428),  is  a  reference  to '  N.  <fe  Q.,*" 
5th  S.  x.  92.  There  is  some  mistake  or  mis- 
print, for  there  is  nothing  about  Incledon  in 
that  place.  H.  K.  ST.  J.  S. 

[The  reference  in  the  'D.N.B.'  is  right,  for  5lh  S. 
x.  92  contains  an  article  by  the  late  WILLIAM 
CHAPPELL,  who  in  discussing  the  authorship  of 
'  The  Lass  of  Richmond  Hill '  gave  the  dates  of 
Incledon's  engagement  at  Vauxhall  Gardens.] 


374 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io»  s.  m.  MAY  13, 


BISHOP  COLENSO  (10th  S.  iii.  187,  251).— It 
may  be  of  interest  to  add  to  Miss  RANGE'S 
reply  that  the  bishop  is  in  Crockford's 
'Clerical  Directory '  for  1860  under  'Natal,' 
but  that  they  wiped  him  clean  out  of  the 
next  issue  in  1865,  and  his  name  never 
appeared  in  Crockford  again. 

On  reference  to  the  issue  for  1882  it  will  be 
found  that  not  only  is  his  name  left  out,  but 
his  see  of  Natal  is  also  (refer  to  p.  lix). 

Not  only  this,  they  left  out  the  names  of 
all  the  English  clergy  who  supported  him. 
Such  a  "party"  action  in  a  public  book 
must  be  unprecedented,  as  he  was  legally 
Bishop  of  Natal  to  the  day  of  his  death. 
Surely  books  of  reference  for  the  general 
public  ought  not  to  take  sides. 

RALPH  THOMAS. 

SMALL  PARISHES  (10th  S.  iii.  128,  193,  274, 
317,  331).— I  do  not  know  who  I.  B.  L.  may  be, 
but  I  imagine  some  visitor  to  Ludlow  who 
swallowed  any  information.  There  is  a 
dwelling-house  in  the  outer  court  of  the 
castle,  entered  from  the  walk,  or  upper  way, 
which  encircles  the  castle  ;  and  the  outer 
walls  are  formed  in  some  places  by  the  outer 
wall  of  the  castle.  Unfortunately,  the  castle 
itself  is  in  ruins,  and  has  been  in  this  state 
for  over  one  hundred  years,  as  any  local 
guide  or  '  Kelly's  Directory '  would  show.  Gas 
and  water  are,  no  doubt,  in  the  castle  house, 
but  this  is  some  distance,  and  separated  by 
the  inner  wall,  from  the  chapel,  which  is  of 
circular  form,  partly  in  ruin  and  with  no 
roof,  and  has  not  been  used  for  service  for 
quite  as  long  a  period  as  I  mentioned.  The 
extract  from  the  Daily  Mail  of  6  May,  1901, 
is  misleading  and  worthless  as  far  as  it 
applies  to  the  castle  proper,  and  it  may 
be  noted  that  it  states  that  "  service  is 
only  read  about  once  a  year,  sometimes  not 
that."  About  is  a  very  uncertain  term,  and 
may  mean  anything,  especially  when 
followed  by  "  sometimes  not  that." 

HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 

ADDITION  TO  CHRISTIAN  NAME  (10Ul  S.  iii. 
328). — No  legal  procedure  is  necessary  for  the 
purpose  of  adding  to  the  baptismal  name 
another  name  as  a  forename.  If  a  man  calls 
himself  by  such  additional  name,  and  if  other 
people  customarily  call  him  by  it,  it  becomes 
a  part  of  his  name.  But  it  will  not  be  in  the 
same  position  as  his  original  Christian  name, 
which  cannot  be  parted  with.  It  will  be 
more  like  a  surname,  which  can  be  changed 
at  will,  subject  to  the  above  conditions.  If 
a  man  desires  to  change  his  name  by  a  more 
formal  process,  he  can  do  so  (1)  by  executing 
a  deed  poll,  and  having  it  enrolled  in  the 


central  office ;  the  expense  of  this  need  not 
be  more  than  about  3£.  ;  (2)  by  obtaining  a 
licence  from  the  Crown  for  the  purpose ; 
(3)  by  obtaining  an  Act  of  Parliament  for  the 
purpose.  There  are,  I  believe,  no  other 
methods,  and  I  apprehend  that  Nos.  1  and  2 
will  not  be  effectual  unless  the  above-men- 
tioned conditions  are  also  fulfilled.  See 
Davidson's  'Precedents  in  Conveyancing,' 
vol.  iii.,  third  edition,  356-63 ;  Lord  Justice 
James  in  Massam  v.  Thorley's  Cattle  Food 
Company  (Law  Reports,  14  Chancery  Divi- 
sion, 748,  757) ;  Lord  Lindley  in  Earl  Cowley 
v.  Countess  Cowley  (Law  Reports,  Appeal 
Cases,  1901,  450,  460).  R.  BADLEY. 

Anybody  can  take  any  name  or  names 
fancied  without  any  legal  procedure  what- 
ever, whether  a  forename  or  surname.  It 
becomes,  in  case  of  doubt,  a  question  of 
identity.  Thus,  if  John  Judge  adds  Joy  as 
an  additional  forename  it  concerns  nobody 
but  himself ;  but  if  some  one  leaves  John 
Judge  a  legacy  of  a  million  sterling  (it  is  no 
use  troubling  about  smaller  sums  in  these 
days),  then  he  will  have  to  show  that  he  is  the 
same  person  as  John  Joy  Judge  before  it  will 
be  paid  to  him.  A  ready  way  of  showing 
this  is  the  production  of  a  properly  (or 
legally)  worded  advertisement  stating  the 
fact,  or  a  deed  poll  duly  entered  according 
to  law.  For  either  of  these  a  solicitor  should 
be  employed.  If  John  Joy  Judge  is  in  no 
fear  of  any  one  ever  leaving  him  a  brass 
farthing  he  need  not  incur  the  expense  (from 
Wl.  to  30£.  f)  of  a  deed  poll.  Of  course,  the 
case  is  different  with  persons  who  are 
registered  in  any  way— as,  for  example,  a 
solicitor,  who  cannot  change  his  name  in 
any  way  without  leave  of  the  Court. 

RALPH  THOMAS. 

PRINCE  ALBERT  AS  POET  AND  MUSICAL 
COMPOSER  (10th  S.  iii.  308).— The  following 
entry  occurs  in  vol.  i.  p.  49  of  Grove's  'Dic- 
tionary of  Music  and  Musicians'  (edition 
1879)  :— 

"  His  compositions  include  :  '  L'  Invocazione  all' 
Armenia,'  for  solos  and  chorus  ;  a  Morning  Service 
in  c  and  A  ;  anthem,  '  Out  of  the  Deep ';  five  collec- 
tions of  '  Lieder  und  Romanza '  (29  in  all) ;  3  can- 
zonets. &c." 

W.  H.  DIXSON. 

"lLAND":  "!LE"  (10th  S.  ii.  348,  493;  iii. 
98,  154).— With  reference  to  DR.  FORSHAW'S 
statement  at  the  second  reference,  on  the 
authority  of  Webster,  that  the  word  He  was 
formerly  in  use  as  meaning  an  ear  of  corn,  I 
may  be  allowed  to  say  that  in  that  part  of 
Wessex'  comprised  in  the  county  of  Dorset  I 
have  often  heard  the  word  used,  but  in  a 


io»  8.  in.  MAT  ig,  1905.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


375 


restricted  sense,  and  with  reference  only  to 
the  spears  or  beard  of  barley,  which  so  easily 
break  off  and  torment  the  men  when  carry- 
ing it  by  getting  inside  their  open  shirt 
fronts.  I  am  rather  surprised  not  to  find  the 


make,  though  from  various  parts  of  the 
county.  I  have  not  heard  of  the  flail  being 
used  in  Shropshire  by  thrashers  for  some 


word  in  this  sense  in  Barnes's  '  Glossary  of 
the  Dorset  Dialect'  (published  for  the  Philo- 
logical Society  at  Berlin  in  1863),  as  the  word 
is  familiar  to  me  from  a  boy.  It  may  be  in 
his  later  glossary,  published,  I  think,  about 
the  time  of  his  death  in  1886,  but  I  cannot 
refer  to  that  here. 

But  he  gives  the  word  hile  (A.-S.  hilan,  to 
cover  ?)  as  meaning  ten  sheaves  of  corn  set  up 
in  the  field,  four  on  each  side,  and  one  at 
each  end,  and  forming  a  kind  of  roof. 

J.  S.  UDAL,  F.S.A. 

Antigua,  W.I. 

PALINDROME  (10th  S.  iii.  249,  310).— The 
word  repum  is  quoted  by  Ducange  as  in 
use  in  mediaeval  Latin,  meaning  filum,  a 
thread.  H.  A.  STRONG. 

University,  Liverpool. 

I  read  arepo  as  a  compound,  a-repo,  so 
"the  sower  by  spreading  keeps  labour 
revolving  "—may  apply  to  any  pursuit. 

A.  H. 

PILLION  :  FLAILS  (10th  S.  iii.  267, 338).— The 
flail  was  in  constant  use  in  this  locality  forty 
years  ago.  I  still  remember  my  first  trial 
with  the  instrument,  and  how  narrowly  I 
escaped  hitting  my  head  with  the  "  swingel." 

I  venture  to  reproduce  the  following  para- 
graph from  my  'Notes  on  Folk-lore,'  now 
appearing  weekly  in  The  East  London 
Advertiser : — 

"There  is  no  doubt  that  the  advent  of  the 
thrashing  machine  has  sent  into  oblivion  the  old 
form  of  thrashing  with  a  flail.  The  work,  which 
used  to  take  up  most  of  the  winter  when  done  by 
hand,  is  now  accomplished  in  a  few  hours  by  the 
steam  power.  It  would  almost  be  impossible  to 
find  a  farm  hand  who  could  handle  a  flail  with  skill. 


years  past, 
which   was 


I  have  also  got  a  piler,  or  peeler, 
used   to  detach  the  beard  from 


barley,  rye,  or  oats  after  thrashing.  It  is 
somewhat  like  a  modern  boot-scraper,  of  iron, 
with  a  centre  broom-handle. 

HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 
Shrewsbury. 

Seven  or  eight  years  ago  I  saw  thrashers  afc 
work  with  flails  at  Arnside,  in  North  Lanca- 
shire. Flails  are,  I  believe,  still  in  use  in  out- 
of-the-way  places.  For  a  series  of  notes  on 
flails,  see  recent  numbers  of  the  Proceedings 
of  the  Newcastle  Society  of  Antiquaries. 

R  B-E. 

NICHOLAS,  BISHOP  OF  COVENTRY  AND 
LICHFIELD  (10th  S.  iii.  328).  —  There  was 
not  a  Nicholas,  Bishop  of  Coventry  and 
Lichfield,  if  we  may  trust  Le  Neve's 
'Fasti  Ecclesise  Anglicanse,'  in  1G18, 
when  Edmond  Willis's  book  was  published. 
It  appears  that  Philip  Gibbs,  writing  in  1736, 
speaks  of  the  work  as  dedicated  to  the  Bishop 
of  Bristol.  If  this  be  so,  Nicholas  Felton, 
who  was  Bishop  of  Bristol  1617-19,  is  the 
person  meant.  How  the  contradiction  arose 
it  is  not  easy  to  tell.  Perhaps  in  the  first 
edition  there  was  an  error  in  the  see  of  the 
divine  to  whom  Willis  dedicated  his  book, 
and  on  its  discovery  a  new  and  correct 
dedication  may  have  been  supplied  to  the 


copies  which  remained  unsold. 


K.  P.  D.  E. 


The  only  Bishop  of  Lichfield  with  the 
Christian  name  of  Nicholas  was  Cloose,  or 
Close,  who  occupied  that  see  for  a  portion 
of  the  year  1452.  John  Overall  was  bishop 
from  1614  to  1619. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

[MR.  A.  R.  BAYLEY  and  MR.  VV.  NORMAN  also 
refer  to  Nicholas  Felton,  Bishop  of  Bristol.] 

CROMER  STREET  (10th  S.  iii.  248,  336).— It 
may  be  of  interest  to  note  that  there  was  in 
Lloyd's    Weekly  Neios,  Sunday,  9  April,  an 
illustration  of  one  of  the  houses  referred  to. 
GEORGE  POTTER. 

Highgate,  N. 

A  MILITARY  EXECUTION  (10th  S.  iii.  304). — 
As  the  daughter  of  the  late  General  Keate, 
I  may  perhaps  be  allowed  space  to  say, 
with  reference  to  the  note  by  W.  S.,  that 
my  father  was  present  at  the  military  execu- 
tion, and  any  trifling  inaccuracies  in  the 
narrative,  as  repeated  by  G.  M.  in  T.  P.'s 

^    ^....^o..*^    Weekly,  are  probably  due  to  the  fact  that 

flails,  which  do  not  vary  very  much  in  size  or   some  time  has  elapsed  since  he  heard  the 


There  is  an  art  in    manipulating  this    unwieldy 
instrument,  as  any  one  may  find  who  tries  for  the 
first  time.     It  is  apt  to  approach  very  closely  to 
one  s  head,  unless  great  care  is  used.  The  'swingel ' 
(ff  pronounced.?'),  as  the  swinging  arm  is  called,  is 
tied  to  the  revolving  joint  of  the  handle  with  a 
thick  thong  of    tough  whit-leather,   and   is    thus 
alluded  to  by  Clare  in  his  '  Village  Minstrel '  :— 
While  distant  thresher's  swingel  drops 
n  ith  sharp  and  hollow-twankling  raps. 
I  have  heard  of  several  people  actually  acquiring 
flails  as  curiosities.     They  would  doubtless  form 
quite  as  interesting  mementos  of  the  past  as  do 
some  of  the  curios  from  foreign  lands." 

„,      TT  ,  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

have  a  small  collection  of    Shropshire 


376 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io«- s.  m.  MAY  13.  isro* 


story  from  my  father,  and  also  that  it  is  very 
difficult  fora  person  to  repeat  in  exact  words 
an  incident  told  anecdotal! y  by  some  one 
else.  My  father  had  an  exceptionally  reten- 
tive memory,  and  I  think  it  unlikely  that  he 
•was  mistaken  in  any  details. 

I  should  like  to  add  one  little  touch  that 
does  not  appear  in  either  account  of  the 
affair.  The  condemned  man  asked  to  see  my 
father,  who  went  into  his  cell  unattended, 
shook  hands  with  him,  and  said  he  was  very 
sorry  to  see  a  comrade  throw  away  his  life  in 
this'  manner.  My  father  added  that  he  had 
no  personal  feelings  about  the  attempted 
murder:  he  was  only  the  officer  to  whom 
violence  had  been  offered.  The  prisoner 
thanked  him,  and  said  he  had  wished  to  tell 
him  that  he  had  no  grudge  of  any  kind 
against  him,  but,  feeling  he  must  shoot  some- 
body, had  selected  him  on  account  of  his 
being  the  adjutant.  He  then  entrusted  my 
father  with  a  letter  for  his  sister,  and  my 
father  took  a  final  leave  of  the  man,  with 
much  kindness.  MELITA  KEATE. 

High  Croft,  Winchester. 

BIGG,  THE  DINTON  HERMIT  (10th  S.  iii.  285, 
336).— Under  date  22  April  I  find  the  follow- 
ing paragraph  in  Hone's  '  Year-Book ' : — 

"There  is  a  folio-sized  etching  of  a  whole-length 
portraitof  John  Bigg,  the  Dinton  Hermit,  in  a  clouted 
dress,  with  the  following  inscription  :  [Here  follow 
particulars  which  have  been  already  supplied.]  The 
print  is  etched  from  a  picture  in  the  possession  of 
Scroop  Bernard,  Esq.,  of  Nether  Winchendon, 
Bucks." 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

W.  V.  RICHARDSON  AND  THE  RUSSIAN 
CHURCH  (10th  S.  iii.  327).— The  Rev.  William 
Voase  (not  Voss)  Richardson  belonged  to  an 
East  Yorkshire  family  connected  with  Anlaby 
and  Hull.  He  was  of  St.  Bees  Theological 
College,  and  was  ordained  by  the  Archbishop 
of  York,  deacon  in  1851,  and  priest  in  1853, 
and  was  for  a  time  curate  of  St.  James's, 
Whitehaven.  Later  he  became  a  confirmed 
invalid,  and  went  about  in  a  bath-chair.  He 
died  at  his  residence  at  Bridlington  Quay, 
20  October,  1881,  aged  sixty-one.  On  joining 
the  Greek  Church  he  took  the  Christian  name 
Athanasius,  and  as  the  Rev.  Athanasius 
Richardson  he  published  these  two  little 
books  : — 

Service  of  the  divine  and  sacred  Liturgy  of  our 
holy  father  John  Chrysostom.  Translated  fron' 
the  Greek  according  to  the  Euchologion,  and  com 
pared  with  the  Slavonic.  16mo,  pp.  106,  London 
1866. 

The  Marriage  Service  of  the  Greek  Church 
Translated  from  the  Greek  of  the  EuchologioH 
16mo,  pp.  34,  Oxford,  1874. 

W.  C.  B. 


JAMES  II.  MEDAL  (10th  S.  iii.  329).— The 

nitials  R.  A.   on   this  medal  are  those  of 

Arondeaux,  a  medalist,  probably  of  Flemish 

extraction,    who    was    much    employed    by 

William  III.,  and  also  executed  several  medals 

or  Louis  XIV.  His  works  are  very  numerous, 

and  date  from  1678  to  1702.     Many  of  these 

are  described  in  Hawkins's  'Medallic  Illustra- 

,ions,'  to  which  valuable  work  I  am  indebted 

?or  the  above  particulars. 

EDWARD  M.  BORRAJO. 

The  Library,  Guildhall,  B.C. 

A  full  description  of  this  medal  will  be 

bund    in     '  Medallic    Illustrations    of    the 

3istory  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,'  issued 

)y    the   Trustees    of    the    British   Museum, 

vol.  i.   p.  615.      The  initials  R.  A.  are  those 

of  R.  Arondeaux,  a  medalist,  most  likely  of 

lemish  extraction.  T.  C. 

[Reply  also  from  MR.  A.  R.  BAYLEY.] 

HASWELL  FAMILY  (10th  S.  iii.  225,  313).— 
The  original  way  of  spelling  the  name  is 
Hessewelle.  It  is  of  county  Durham  origin  ; 
uhere  are  many  grants  and  confirmations  in 
the  Chapter  Library  at  Durham.  It  is  pro- 
bable the  family  "  trekked  "  over  the  border 
at  Carter  Fell,  not  far  from  Jedburgh,  and 
several  tombstones  bearing  their  name  remain 
in  the  abbey  churchyard  in  that  charmingly 
located  town.  The  representative  of  the 
family  is  C.  J.  Haswell,  of  Meran,  in  the 
Austrian  Tyrol.  His  father,  in  1832,  entered 
the  Austrian  Imperial  Railway  service,  and 
only  died  about  ten  years  ago,  aged  eighty- 
one,  and  was  chief  engineer  of  the  system, 
which  he  may  be  said  to  have  originated. 
The  whole  of  the  genealogy  from  1690  is  in 
my  possession,  if  any  one  desires  the  informa- 
tion. My  friend  C.  J.  Haswell  has  one  son, 
who  is,  I  believe,  the  sole  representative  of 
the  name.  His  great  -  uncle  was  a  distin- 
guished captain  in  the  Royal  Navy,  who  for 
his  services  in  cutting  out  a  ship  from  a 
French  port  was  awarded  a  sword  of  honour 
by  the  underwriters.  Unfortunately  he  died 
at  sea  shortly  after  this  event. 

Of  the  Portsmouth  branch  of  the  Haswell 
family  I  should  be  glad  of  any  information 
which  your  readers  can  give. 

F.  R.  N.  HASWELL. 

Monkseaton,  Northumberland. 

MILLER  OF  HIDE  HALL  (10th  S.  iii.  325).— 
If  the  inscription  on  the  stone  at  the  entrance 
to  the  Miller  vault  in  Sandon  Church  is 
correct,  Nicholas  Franklyn  -  Miller  was  the 
only  child  of  Nicholas  Miller.  There  is  an 
elaborate  monument  on  the  west  wall  of  the 
south  aisle  to  the  memory  of  this  young  man, 


s.  in.  MAY  is,  1905.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


377 


and  he  is  there  stated  to  be  the  only  son  of 
Nicholas  and  Mary  Miller.  I  suggest  that 
Hester  was  the  daughter  of  Mary  Miller 
by  her  first  husband,  Capt.  Watts,  and 
perhaps  assumed  the  name  of  Miller  on  her 
mother's  second  marriage.  Cussans  ('History 
of  Hertfordshire  '),  under  'Sandon,'  in  a  foot- 
note quotes  some  characteristic  comments  of 
the  Rev.  Thomas  Tipping  on  the  marriage  of 
Nicholas  Miller  to  Mary  Watts. 

According  to  Cussans,  the  manor  descended 
to  Nicholas  Franklyn- Miller's  aunt  Jane, 
widow  of  William  Northcliff.  On  her  death, 
in  1749,  the  manor  came  by  will  to  Edward 
Forester,  with  remainder  to  Edward  Mundy, 
of  Shipley  (Derby),  who  had  married  Hester, 
sister  to  the  before-mentioned  Nicholas.  In 
1767,  at  Edward  Mundy's  death,  the  estate 
came  to  his  son,  Edward  Miller-Mundy,  who 
in  1790  sold  it  to  William  Baker,  of  Bayford- 
bury,  and  it  is  still  in  the  possession  of  the 
Baker  family.  W.  B.  GERISH. 

Bishop's  Stortford. 

PORTRAITS  WHICH  HAVE  LED  TO  MARRIAGES 
(10th  S.  iii.  287,  334).— The  incident  of  a  person 
falling  in  love  with  the  portrait  of  a 
beautiful  woman  is  a  favourite  one  in  Eastern 
tales.  It  is  found  in  'The  Seven  Vazlrs,' 
*  The  Story  of  the  Goldsmith  and  the  Singing 
Girl '  ((Houston's  '  Sindibad,'  p.  166  and 
note  303) ;  also  in  Scott's  '  Tales  from  the 
Arabic,' &c.,  108;  the  'Katha  Sarit  Sagara,' 
Tawney's  translation,  vol.  i.  p.  490,  and 
vol.  ii.  p.  370  ;  and  in  the  '  Dasa  Kumara 
Charita'  ('Adventures  of  Ten  Princes'), 
which  is  translated  by  H.  H.  Wilson  in  The 
Oriental  Quarterly  Magazine,  Calcutta,  1828. 
A.  COLLING  WOOD  LEE. 

Walthara  Abbey,  Essex. 

LAWRANCE  FAMILY  OP  BATH  (10th  S.  iii. 
308).— The  Bath  Abbey  registers  have  been 
published,  and  they  would  probably  assist 
MRS.  LAWRAXCE  in  her  research. 

CHAS.  HALL  CROUCH. 

5,  Grove  Villas,  Wanstead. 

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  NOTES  ON  DICKENS  AND 
THACKERAY  (10th  S.  iii.  22,  73, 131, 151, 196, 275, 
337). — The  late  Mr.  Richard  Herne  Shepherd, 
in  the  introduction  to  his  collection  of  '  The 
PlaysandPoemsofCharlesDickens,'1885,gives 
full  particulars  of  Dickens's  comic  burletta 
in  one  act,  'Is  She  his  Wife?  or,  Something 
Singular,' and  of  the  circumstances  attendant 
on  the  destruction  by  fire  of  the  printed 
copy,  as  detailed  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  No  doubt  the 
omission  by  Mr.  Forster  of  any  mention  of 
the  piece  in  his  '  Life  of  Dickens,'  coupled 
with  the  statement  by  Miss  Hogarth  and 
Miss  Dickens  (vide  'Letters  of  Dickens,' 


vol.  i.  p.  5)  that  'The  Strange  Gentleman.' 
and  'The  Village  Coquettes'  were  the 
novelist's  only  contributions  to  the  St. 
James's  Theatre,  may  have  created  some 
confusion,  and  raised  a  little  doubt  which 
fact  has  set  at  rest. 

The  Literary  Gazette,  II  March,  1837, speaks 
well  of  the  piece.  Harley,  Miss  Allison  (after- 
wards Mrs.  Seymour),  and  Madame  Sala 
were  in  the  cast.  ROBERT  WALTERS. 

Ware  Priory. 

DRYDEN'S  SISTERS  (10th  S.  iii.  288).— The 
following  details  concerning  Dryden's  sisters 
may  be  of  use  to  your  correspondent.  Seven 
were  baptized  at  Tichmarsh,  Northants,  viz., 
Agnes,  8  Oct.,  1632  ;  Rose,  18  Oct.,  1633 ; 
Mary,  13  Nov.,  1634  ;  Lucy,  30  Jan.,  1635[/6]; 
Martha,  10  April,  1637;  Abigail,  1  Aug.,  1639; 
and  Hannah,  26  Dec.,  1644.  Elizabeth,  1  bap. 
1654  (see  age  at  time  of  marriage) ;  Frances, 
1  bap.  1656  (see  age  at  time  of  marriage) ; 
Hester  ? 

With  regard  to  the  marriages  of  the  ten 
sisters  I  cannot  give  such  full  details  as  I 
should  wish.  Agnes  is  stated  by  Malone  and 
others  to  have  married  Sylvester  Emylyn,  of 
Stamford.  Rose  married,  as  his  second 
wife,  John  Laughton,  D.D.,  of  Catworth, 
Hunts,  whose  only  son  Erasmus  died  young, 
and  whose  epitaph  was  written  by  the  poet. 
In  the  church  of  Culworth  Magna  there  is 
an  elaborate  M.I.  stating  that  Rose  Laughton 
died  26  Dec.,  1710,  aged  seventy-seven.  Lucy 
Dryden  married,  in  1661,  Stephen  Womb  well 
(not  Umwell,  as  Scott  has  it),  of  St.  Botolph's, 
Aldgate,  distiller  (see  Chester's  '  Marr.  Lie.'). 
Elizabeth  Dryden  married,  in  1684/5,  Charles 
Bennett,  of  Christchurch,  London,  widower. 
Frances  Dryden  married,  in  1684,  Joseph 
Sandwell  (a  tobacconist  according  to  Burke), 
of  St.  Botolph's,  Aldgate.  Of  the  remaining 
sisters  I  can  find  no  particulars  beyond  those 
supplied  by  Malone  and  other  biographers  of 
Dryden.  PERCY  DRYDEN  MUNDY. 

Hove,  Sussex. 

"AN  OLD  WOMAN  WENT  TO  MARKET"  (10th 

S.  ii.  502  ;  iii.  10,  74,  271).— I  am  afraid  that 
neither  MR.  WATSON  nor  Mr.  Innes,  to  whom 
he  refers,  can  claim  to  be  the  discoverer  of 
the  intimate  connexion  that  exists  between 
this  familiar  old  nursery  story  and  its 
parallels  in  ancient  times. 

In  the  year  1889  I  contributed  a  paper  to 
the  Folk-Lore  Society,  which  was  printed  in 
The  Folk-Lore  Journal  for  that  year  (pp.  202- 
264),  on  '  Dorsetshire  Children's  Games,'  &c., 
and  at  p.  246  I  state  as  follows  : — 

"  It  is  to  be  noted  that  these  illustrations  of 
forfeit  rhymes  or  jingles  are  very  similar  in  their 


378 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io»  s.  in.  MAY  13, 


cumulative  or  backward  repetition  or  refrain  to 
the  widely  known  '  The  House  that  Jack  Built,  a 
system  of  games  or  rhymes  to  which  we  may  fairly 
attach  considerable  antiquity,  if  we  believe  that 
the  original  of  our  old  friend  (in  the  style  of  the 
well-known  'Old  Woman  and  her  Pig')  is  to  be 
found  in  the  Chaldean  language,  and  that  another 
of  the  same  is  in  existence  in  a  Hebrew  MS." 

MR.  WATSON  will  see  from  the  authorities 
I  there  give  that  neither  do  I  claim  any 
credit  in  this  discovery. 

J.  S.  UDAL,  F.S.A. 

Antigua,  W.I. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 
Die  Aufnahme  Lord  Byron*  in  Deutschland  mid  sein 

Einjiuss  auf  den  jungen  Heine.    Von  Dr.  Wilhelm 

Ochsenbein.  (Berne,  Francke.) 
Tins  work  is  solid  and  valuable  as  presenting 
ample  materials  concerning  the  reception  of  Byron's 
poetry  in  Germany.  It  has,  in  fact,  if  we  may  be 
allowed  to  say  so,  the  merits  and  defects  of  German 
writing  as  they  appear  to  our  insular  self-compla- 
cency. The  author  has  no  lightness  of  style,  and 
reiterates  somewhat  needlessly  quotations  from 
early  German  criticisms  of  Byron  which  have  no 
particular  force  or  distinction.  On  the  contrary,  in 
a  sentence  or  two  of  Goethe  such  as  he  gives,  and 
such  as  Matthew  Arnold  has  quoted  in  his  essay 
on  Byron,  we  find  both  illumination  and  unim- 
peachable authority.  In  the  main  Dr.  Ochsenbein 
takes,  we  think,  a  just  view  of  the  reasons  for 
Byron's  success  ;  but  when  after  careful  exposition 
of  evidence  we  expect  a  generalization  or  a  sentence 
which  will  place  Byron  in  the  stream  of  literary 
tendency  of  his  day,  and  show  why  he  went  so 
swimmingly,  we  are  disappointed.  We  have,  how- 
ever, all  the  circumstances  and  symptoms  of  Ger- 
man Byronism  laid  out  before  us,  and,  in  particular, 
we  have  an  account  of  Goethe's  attitude  to  his 
brother  bard  which  ought  to  enable  us  to  mitigate 
the  surprise  we  may  feel  at  Byron's  success  on  the 
Continent.  Byron  wrote  mainly  about  himself,  and 
it  was  the  extraordinary  power  of  his  personality 
which  made  him  so  famous,  aided  by  the  fact  that, 
as  is  abundantly  shown  here,  the  public  \vhen  they 
bought  his  poetry  had  the  sensation  of  being  ad- 
mitted to  a  foreign  tragedy  in  high  life  which  was 
both  mysterious  and  scandalous.  There  was  much 
more,  of  course,  in  Byron  than  that ;  he  was  a 
pattern  romantic,  being  in  perpetual  revolt;  he 
struck  fair  blows  at  cant  and  Philistinism  as  well 
as  Scotch  reviewers;  and  he  was  cosmopolitan  in 
the  sense  that  he  travelled  and  put  his  travels  into 
highly  personal  verse.  It  may  be  conceived  that 
the  elder  Goethe  saw  in  the  Childe  Harold  of  1812 
a  being  not  unlike  the  young  Werther  of  1774, 
sentimentally  sad  and  wounded  by  the  fact  that 
the  world  did  not  endorse  elective  affinities  and 
repulsions.  Such  seems  a  much  more  reasonable 
comparison  than  those  quoted  from  a  German  book 
on  'Byron's  Type  of  Hero,'  which  talks  of  the 
Prometheus  of  ^Eschylus  and  the  Satan  of  Mil- 
ton's '  Paradise  Lost.'  These  imperishable  figures 
are  no  mere  Brocken  enlargements  of  their  creators, 
nor  are  two  such  severe  artists  (severe,  we  mean, 
in  their  restraint  on  themselves  and  their  concep- 


tion of  the  dignity  of  their  gifts  as  writers)  to  be 
ranked  with  one  who  confessedly  wrote  in  a  hurry, 
and  could  not  do  justice  to  splendid  talents,  though 
he  had  the  need  of  self-expression.  Many  of  the 
critical  notices  quoted  by  Dr.  Ochsenbein  dwell  on- 
Byron  as  containing  many  beautiful  passages.  That 
is,  in  fact,  a  confession  of  failure  ;  he  could  nob 
make  an  equal,  concrete  whole  ;  he  did  not  see  life 
steadily ;  he  had  passionate  moments  and  an  under- 
lying sincerity,  but  he  was  more  evidently  a  poseur 
than  anything.  We  may  say  that  he  was  damned 
at  birth,  or  even  before  it,  since  the  ingenious  his- 
torian of  the  Gordons,  Mr.  J.  M.  Bulloch,  has  shown 
the  degeneracy  of  his  forbears  some  way  back.  His 
fame  in  England  has  somewhat  decayed,  because, 
perhaps,  a  later  generation  of  critics  has  found  that 
much  that  used  to  be  called  first-rate  poetry  is 
really  first-rate  rhetoric.  So  at  least  it  seems  to 
the  present  reviewer,  who  was  born  into  a  period 
of  many  voices  and  no  distinct  authority,  which 
naturally  leads  to  irreverence,  and  a  private  re- 
valuation of  public  reputations. 

But  whether  Byron's  lyrics  are  first-rate  or  not, 
he  had,  as  Dr.  Ochsenbein  points  out,  influence  on 
a  supreme  lyrist,  Heine,  some  of  whose  phrases 
may  be  derived  from  the  poet  he  translated.  How- 
ever, in  this  case,  the  pale  cheek,  animated  skele- 
tons, and  other  signs  of  gloom  were  to  hand  before 
Byron's  influence  came  in  Heine's  training.  Both 
were  bitter  pessimists,  unhappy  in  love,  cynically 
proud,  and  full  of  mocking  laughter ;  but  the  like- 
nesses between  their  lyrics  are  not  prominent, 
except  in  the  period  of  Heine's  translation  of 
Byron's  'Farewell'  to  his  wife.  Some  of  the 
parallels  of  language  offered  Dr.  Ochsenbein  wisely 
rejects  ;  others  are  distinctly  uncertain,  as  contain- 
ing merely  in  each  case  the  natural  stuff  of  a 
darkened  romantic  mind  returning  with  increasing 
satiety  to  its  own  enfeebled  resources.  Our  author 
devotes  two  chapters  to  Heine's  tragedies  '  Alman- 
sor'  and  '  RatclifP  and  their  connexion  with  Byron. 
These  plays,  however,  are  of  no  great  moment,  and 
do  not,  at  any  rate,  call  for  notice  in  this  country. 
We  simply  remark  that  here,  as  elsewhere,  Dr. 
Ochsenbein  is  both  industrious  and  ingenious, 
though  he  does  not  arrange  his  matter  well,  and  his 
style  is  heavy.  He  quotes,  as  is  natural,  German 
books  on  Byron.  We  wonder  if  he  knows  well  the 
views  of  French  and  English  critics  on  his  subject, 
of  Taine,  Scherer,  and  Matthew  Arnold,  himself  a 
troubled  spirit,  who  has  left  us  both  prose  and 
poetry  on  Byron  and  Heine.  This  inheritance  of 
poets  one  from  the  other  is  a  good  thing  to  see  and 
understand,  but  it  is  all  wasted  if  it  does  not  bring 
with  it  the  taste  and  the  intuition  for  the  thing 
which  is  poetry,  which  is  in  itself  supreme,  and 
shares  with  that  other  divine  art,  music,  the  quality 
of  being  essentially  beyond  analysis. 

A  Register  of  National  Bibliography.    By  William 

Prideaux  Courtney.  2  vols.  (Constable  &  Co.) 
THE  compilation  of  the  present  work  has  been  the 
dream  of  twenty  years  of  Mr.  Courtney's  life  and 
the  occupation  of  four.  Collecting  materials,  a 
task  desultory  at  first,  became  a  fixed  pursuit,, 
which  has  been  continued  without  intermission- 
Its  accomplishment  is  opportune.  For  years  the 
question  of  a  bibliography  of  bibliographies  has 
occupied  the  attention  of  scholars.  A  dozen  years 
have  elapsed  since  our  late  friend  Chancellor 
Christie  employed  the  words  which  Mr.  Court- 
ney prints  as  a  motto  on  his  title-page  :  "  The- 


m.  MAY  is,  1905.1       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


379 


first  thing  then  needed  in  special  bibliographies 
is  a  bibliography  of  bibliography."  Since  that 
time  we  have  received  frequent  contributions  on 
the  subject,  and  the  expediency  of  a  work  of 
the  kind  is  urged  upon  us  by  correspondents 
at  home  and  abroad.  Considering  the  admirable 
nature  of  the  work  accomplished  by  Frenchmen 
and  Germans,  it  is  from  one  or  other  of  these 
that  a  work  such  as  that  now  before  us  might 
have  been  expected.  Since  the  task  was  to  be 
accomplished  by  an  Englishman,  it  could  scarcely 
have  fallen  into  hands  better  than  those  in  which 
it  is.  We  say  this  as  much  from  study  of  the  book 
itself  as  from  familiarity  with  Mr.  Courtney's  past 
accomplishment.  That  a  work  such  as  this  should 
spring  forth  perfect  at  all  points  is,  of  course,  in- 
conceivable. None  the  less,  we  are  able  to  indicate 
no  omissions  of  importance.  The  only  suggestion 
we  have  to  offer  is  that  the  work  might  with  advan- 
tage be  issued  in  an  interleaved  shape,  so  as  to 
receive  additions.  This  suggestion  will  lose  its  value 
if,  as  seems  likely  to  be  the  case,  enlarged  editions 
succeed  one  another  with  the  rapidity  which,  con- 
sidering the  popularity  of  the  subject  of  biblio- 
graphy, is  to  be  expected.  The  arrangement  is 
alphabetical,  and  is,  of  course,  under  subjects.  For 
the  purpose  of  cross-reference  the  index,  which 
occupies  seventy  pages  in  three  columns,  and 
includes  an  immense  number  of  entries,  will  abund- 
antly suffice.  References  to  '  N.  &  Q.'  are  naturally 
frequent;  and  when  we  turn  to  the  entry  'Easter' 
we  find  many  allusions  to  the  Seventh  and 
following  Series.  Even  more  numerous  are  the 
references  to  Christmas.  A  good  idea  of  the  prin- 
ciple on  which  Mr.  Courtney  has  worked  may  be 
obtained,  as  well  as  anywhere  else,  under  'Peri- 
odical.' The  book  forms  an  indispensable  portion 
of  every  reference  library,  will  lighten  the  labours 
of  innumerable  workers,  and  will  serve  as  an  in- 
valuable guide  to  much  approaching  effort.  We 
accord  it  a  warm  welcome. 

Author  and  Printer :  a  Guide  for  Authors,  Editors, 
Printers,  Correctors  of  the  Press,  Compositors, 
and  Typists.  By  F.  Howard  Collins,  with  the 
Assistance  of  many  Authors,  Editors,  Printers, 
and  Correctors  of  the  Press.  (Frowde.) 
MR.  HOWARD  COLLINS  has  successfully  accom- 
plished an  extremely  difficult  task.  He  modestly 
describes  his  book  as  "  an  attempt  to  codify  the 
best  typographical  practices  of  the  present  day  " ; 
but  it  is  much  more  than  this,  being  an  extremely 
useful  work  of  reference  for  every  one  concerned  in 
the  practical  production  of  literature.  That  its 
suggestions  are  deserving  of  great  consideration  is 
evident  from  the  fact  that  the  list  of  those  who 
have  assisted  Mr.  Howard  Collins  includes  Sir 
Leslie  Stephen,  who  proposes  the  numbering  of  the 
first  pages  of  chapters ;  Herbert  Spencer,  who 
discusses  the  termination  ize  or  ise  in  verbs ;  and 
Prof.  Skeat,  who  advocates  the  division  of  words 
according  to  their  pronunciation.  The  book 
justifies  its  comprehensive  title  ;  for  the  author 
will  find  explained  and  exemplified  the  difference 
between  long  primer  and  bourgeois  type ;  the 
bibliographer  will  see  the  number  of  inches  in  a 
page  of  a  crown  Svo  or  pott  8vo  book,  and  the  sizes 
of  all  kinds  of  paper ;  while  punctuation  has  many 
paragraphs  devoted  to  it,  and  the  mysteries  of 
proof-correction  are  duly  illustrated.  Journalists 
who  wish  to  introduce  scraps  of  foreign  languages 
are  not  overlooked.  The  gentleman  who  headed  a 


paragraph  "  Exeunt  Mr.  Smith"  may  learn  how  to- 
correct  his  mistake,  as  may  the  writers  who  referred 
to  "a  strata"  and  used  "bete  noir"  under  the 
impression  that  it  is  good  French.  A  reference  to- 
Mr.  Howard  Collins's  book  shows  that  Bryan 
Waller  Procter's  name  is  misspelt  in  the  article. 
'  Anagram '  in  the  '  Harmsworth  Encyclopaedia,*" 
and  the  name  of  Charles  Mathews  in  the  illus- 
trations of  actors  in  the  same  work.  W.  C.  B.  has. 
more  than  once  pointed  out  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  that 
"  Bishopsthorpe  "  is  a  misspelling  of  the  residence: 
of  the  Archbishop  of  York  :  the  correct  form  is. 
duly  entered  by  Mr.  Collins.  In  'Who's  Who,' 
s.  v.  Kennett,  may  be  found  Queen's  College,  Cam- 
bridge :  Mr.  Collins  indicates  why  this  is  wrong. 
The  abbreviations  included  are  extremely  numer- 
ous ;  and  the  examples  given  above  of  the  wide, 
scope  of  '  Author  and  Printer '  show  that  readers 
of  '  N.  &  Q.'  will  find  much  to  interest  them  in  the, 
results  of  Mr.  Collins's  indefatigable  labours. 

Marriage  Licences  from  the  Official  Notebooks  of  the 
Archdeaconry  of  Suffolk  deposited  at  the  Ipswich 
Probate  Court,  1613-H174.  (Privately  printed.) 
MK.  CRISP  is  a  zealous  worker  in  the  wide  fields  of 
genealogy.  He  has  issued  many  volumes  illustrative 
of  family  history,  but  it  is  safe  to  say  that  not  one 
of  them  is  more  important  than  the  present.  This, 
calendar  must  be  of  great  value  to  all  who  are  at 
work  on  seventeenth-century  genealogy  as  supple- 
menting the  marriage  registers  of  Suffolk,  and  also- 
in  a  great  degree  supplies  their  place  when  they  do. 
not  exist.  We  are  aware  that  the  parish  register 
of  weddings  was  in  those  days  the  only  absolutely- 
satisfactory  proof  that  a  wedding  had  taken  place  ;. 
but  this  has  been  found  too  often  to  be  unavailable.. 
All  parish  registers,  as  every  student  of  pedigree-lore: 
knows,  ought  to  begin  in  1538,  and  be  continued  in, 
unbroken  series  to  the  present  time  ;  but  there  are: 
very  few  places  wherein  this  ideal  state  of  things  i* 
to  be  found.  There  are  several  reasons  for  this. 
In  the  first  place,  it  is  by  no  means  certain  that 
the  original  order  was  obeyed  in  every  parish 
throughout  the  land  ;  indeed,  it  is  highly  probable 
that  in  some  cases  it  was  not.  Secondly,  there 
were  many  reasons  why,  in  the  distracted  times  of 
the  Reformation  period,  when  the  clergy  were 
continually  on  the  move,  the  duties  of  their 
office  should  be  negligently  performed.  When  the 
Elizabethan  settlement  had  become  firmly  estab- 
lished, things  went  on  in  a  more  orderly  manner, 
and  the  registers  seem  to  have  been,  on  the  whole,, 
well  kept.  This  applies  also  to  the  first  forty  yeara 
of  the  seventeenth  century ;  but  when  the  Civil 
War  was  approaching  there  was  a  change  for  the 
worse.  It  has  been  surmised  that  many  of  the. 
Royalist  clergy,  when  expelled  from  their  homes,, 
took  their  registers  away  with  them,  and  that,  in  a 
similar  manner,  when  their  Puritan  successors  were 
driven  forth  by  the  "Black  Bartholomew"  Act, 
their  registers  were  often  treated  as  private  pro- 
perty. It  must  be  remembered,  also,  that  during, 
the  greater  part  of  the  time  covered  by  the 
Commonwealth  and  the  two  Protectorates  the 
recording  of  births,  marriages,  and  deaths 
was,  by  statute,  a  lay  office,  performed  by  an 
official  called  "  the  register,"  who  received  his 
appointment  from  the  local  justices  of  the 
peace.  These  facts,  apart  from  the  shameful  care-, 
lessness  of  later  days,  are  sufficient  to  explain  why 
these  precious  documents  are  so  often  wanting, 
and  to  indicate  how  important  it  is  to  have  a 


380 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES, 


s.  m.  MAY  is, 


calendar  of  marriage  licences  to  supply  their  place, 
for  though  the  issue  of  a  licence  is  not  an  absolute 
proof  that  a  wedding  followed,  there  is  in  almost 
•every  case  an  overwhelming  probability  that  it  did 
so.  In  those  times,  as  it  is  to-day,  the  poor  could 
snot  afford  licence-fees,  so  were  content  with  banns  ; 
ibut  it  is  probable  that  nearly  all  those  who  were 
•well-to-do  were  married  by  licence,  therefore  it  is 
«afe  to  assume  that  we  have  here  an  almost  com- 
plete catalogue  of  the  marriages  which  took  place 
.among  the  upper  and  middle  classes  in  the  Arch- 
•deacpnry  of  Suffolk  during  sixty-one  of  the  most 
^stirring  years  of  the  seventeenth  century,  except 
•during  the  time  when  marriages  took  place  before 
the  justices  of  the  peace,  and  some  years  in  the 
reign  of  Charles  II.  for  which  the  entry  books  are 
•missing. 

To  the  student  of  surnames,  as  well  as  the 
genealogist,  this  calendar  must  prove  of  much 
interest.  For  example,  in  1640  we  have  mention  of 
.a  Nicholas  Ulfe,  of  Beccles.  Can  this  be  the  name 
-of  some  Scandinavian  settler  that  had  become  here- 
•ditary  ?  In  1630  mention  is  made  of  a  Thomas 
Mawe,  seemingly  of  Burgh.  There  were  persons  of 
•that  name  at  Rendlesham  in  1577,  and  a  man  bear- 
ing the  same  surname  was  churchwarden  of  Epworth, 
in  the  Isle  of  Axholme,  in  1566.  We  have  met  with 
the  name  in  earlier  documents  with  the  prefix  atte, 
•which  indicates  a  local  origin,  but  have  failed  to 
•discover  where  or  what  is  Mawe. 

There  has  been  a  continuous  movement  south- 
-wards  of  the  younger  sons  of  northern  families,  but 
we  have  come  upon  very  few  undoubted  examples 
Ihere.  A  William  Swinburne,  of  Stratford,  occurs 
in  1619,  and  an  Elizabeth  Swinborne,  of  Eyke,  in 
1640.  These  persons,  we  may  be  pretty  confident, 
were  of  the  same  race  as  Thomas  Swinburne,  who 
wrote  a  treatise  on  wills,  which  was  long  of  great 
authority  and  is  at  the  present  by  no  means  useless. 
'There  was  also  Henry  Swinburne,  whose  travels  in 
•Spain  in  the  earlier  years  of  George  III.  are  still  of 
interest,  and,  by  far  the  most  noteworthy  of  all,  the 
great  poet  who  is  still  with  us.  There  was  at 
Aldeburgh  in  1628  a  Richard  Lilborne,  who  it  is 
safe  to  conclude  was  a  cousin,  near  or  remote,  of 
"Freeborn  John."  The  "Thomas  Raynsborrow, 
:gent.,  of  London,"  who  in  1639  married  Margaret 
•Cole,  of  Woodbridge,  was  the  son  of  William 
Rainborowe,  a  sailor  who  waged  successful  warfare 
on  the  Salee  pirates,  for  which  good  service  Charles  I. 
offered  him  knighthood,  and  on  his  declining  the 
•honour  presented  him  with  a  valuable  chain  and 
medal.  When  the  Civil  War  broke  out  Thomas 
served  the  Parliament  both  on  sea  and  land.  He 
was  killed  at  Doncaster  on  29  October,  1648,  by  a 
'body  of  desperate  men  from  the  Royalist  garrison  at 
Pontefract,  and  was  buried  at  Wapping.  As  he 
was  held  to  be  one  of  the  most  important  leaders  of 
the  Independent  party,  his  death  caused  much 

•  excitement.   The  body  was  met  at  Tottenham  High 
Cross,  and  all  the  "well  affected"  of  London  were 
requested  to  join  the  funeral  procession.     The  Mer- 

•  curius  Impartially  of  the  time  says  the  funeral  was 
joined  by  1,500  horse  and  upwards  of  fifty  coaches. 
This  valuable  calendar  has  for  the  first  time  dis- 
closed his  wife's  surname. 

The  National  Review  and  The  Gentleman's  Maga- 
zine reached  us  too  late  for  inclusion  in  our  earlier 
note.  The  article  of  most  general  interest  in  the 
former  is  that  by  Mr.  A.  C.  Benson  on  '  An  Eton 
.Education.'  Few  individuals  are  more  competent 


to  speak  on  the  subject.  Mr.  Benson  finds  the 
disadvantages  to  consist  in  the  "absence  of  ade- 
quate intellectual  stimulus  in  the  prescribed  work 

a    disproportionate    belief   in  the  rewards    of 

athletics  [a  curious  ellipsis  that],  and  the  pressure 
of  an  immature  code  of  morals."  Pretty  much  the 
same  could  be  said  of  most  great  scnools.  Dr. 
Francis  Bond  has  an  article  on  '  The  Bath  Cure,' 
and  Mr.  U.  S-  MacColl  one  on  '  The  Royal  Academy 
and  National  Art.'  There  are  important  papers  on 
Russian  affairs. — In  The  Gentleman 's  Mr.  Holden 
MacMichael  continues  his  'Charing  Cross  and  its 
Immediate  Neighbourhood,'  Mr.  Henley  J.  Arden 
has  a  paper  on  '  The  Duchess  of  Feria,'  and  Mr. 
William  Miller  an  account  of  'A  Tour  through 
Thessaly,'  which,  at  the  outset  at  least,  is  full  of 
interest  and  suggestion.  Mr.  Forest  Ridge's 'The 
Discoverer '  opens  out  a  pleasing  and  original  vein 
of  humour. 

MESSRS.  A.  BIIOWN  &  SONS,  of  London,  Hull,  and 
York,  will  publish  shortly  a  work  entitled  '  Forty 
Years'  Researches  in  British  and  Saxon  Burial 
Mounds  of  East  Yorkshire,  including  Romano- 
British  Discoveries  and  a  Description  of  the  Ancient 
Entrenchments  on  a  Section  of  the  Yorkshire 
Wolds,'  by  Mr.  J.  R.  Mortimer,  founder  of  the 
Mortimer  Museum  at  Driffield.  The  book  will  con- 
tain over  1,000  photo  -  illustrations  (from  pencil 
drawings  by  Agnes  Mortimer)  of  interesting  relics 
found  in  the  district,  and  upwards  of  150  other 
illustrations,  diagrams,  &c. 


to 

We  niuat  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
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slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 

Eut  in  parentheses,   immediately  after  the  exact 
eading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which    they    refer.      Correspondents    who    repeat 
queries    are    requested   to  head   the  second  com- 
munication "Duplicate." 

MENTOR. — 1.  For  "County  Guy  "  see  chap.  iv.  of 
Scott's  '  Quentin  Durward.'  —  2.  "Needy  knife- 
grinder,  whither  are  you  going?  "  is  the  first  line  of 
Canning's  '  Friend  of  Humanity  and  the  Knife- 
Grinder,'  which  appeared  in  The  Anti- Jacobin 
Review.  '  The  Poetry  of  the  Anti- Jacobin  Review ' 
has  been  republished  recently  by  Messrs.  Sampson 
Low  &  Co. 

R.  L:  MORETON  ("  Beaconsfield's  Birthplace  "). 
MR.  VINCENT'S  article  appeared  7th  S.  iii.  441. 

NOTICE. 

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KING'S 

CLASSICAL    AND     FOREIGN 

QUOTATIONS. 

NOW   READY.     6s.  net. 

We  have  to  announce  a  new  edition  of  this  Dictionary.  It  first  appeared  at  the  end  of 
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than  before,  and  that  where  any  history,  story,  or  allusion  attaches  to  any  particular  saying, 
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previous  editions  professed  to  give  not  only  the  quotation,  but  its  reference ;  and,  although 
performance  fell  very  far  short  of  promise,  it  was  at  that  time  the  only  dictionary  of  the  kind 
published  in  this  country  that  had  been  compiled  with  that  definite  aim  in  view.  In  the 
present  case  no  citation — with  the  exception  of  such  unaffiliated  things  as  proverbs,  maxims, 
and  mottoes — has  been  admitted  without  its  author  and  passage,  or  the  "chapter  and  verse" 
in  which  it  may  be  found,  or  on  which  it  is  founded.  In  order,  however,  not  to  lose 
altogether,  for  want  of  identification,  a  number  of  otherwise  deserving  sayings,  an  appendix 
of  Adespota  is  supplied,  consisting  of  quotations  which  either  the  editor  has  failed  to  trac  to 
their  source,  or  the  paternity  of  which  has  not  been  satisfactorily  proved.  There  are  four 
indexes — Authors  and  authorities,  Subject  index,  Quotation  index,  and  index  of  Greek 
passages.  Its  deficiencies  notwithstanding,  'Classical  and  Foreign  Quotations'  has  so  far 
remained  without  a  rival  as  a  polyglot  manual  of  the  world's  famous  sayings  in  one  pair  of 
covers  and  of  moderate  dimensions,  and  its  greatly  improved  qualities  should  confirm  it  still 
more  firmly  in  public  use  and  estimation. 


K  I  N  G'S 

CLASSICAL     AND     FOREIGN 

QUOTATIONS. 

London :  J.  WHITAKBR  &  SONS,  LTD.,  12,  Warwick  Lane,  E.C 


io«"  s.  in.  MAY  20,  iocs.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


381 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  MAY  20.  1905. 


CONTENTS.-No.  73. 

NOTES  :— Westminster  Changes  in  1904, 381—'  Capt.  Thomas 
Stukeley,'  382— The  Rev.  James'  Sterling,  385  —  Horace 
Walpole's  Letters—"  Skunk,"  386—'  The  Law  List '— Rey- 
nolds's  Group  of  Fane,  Jones,  and  Blair  —  Hollicke  or 
Holleck,  co.  Middlesex,  387. 

QUERIES  :— Lincoln  Civic  Insignia  :  the  Mayor's  Ring,  387 
—Chester  Plea  Rolls— C.  Mason,  Royalist  Divine— White- 
hall Matted  Gallery—"  Purdonium  "—Lincoln  Inventory, 
388— Ninths— "For  a  God  Yow  "—Vixens  and  Drunken- 
ness— Major  John  Miller — Maxwell  of  Ardwell — Ralph 
Rabbards,  389—"  Blancs  Chaperons  "  at  Ghent— Robart 
Tidir,  390. 

REPLIES  : -Danish  Surnames— "Beating  the  Bounds,"  390 
— Anchorites'  Dens,  391 — Laurel  Crowns  at  Olympia — 
Armorial  Bearings,  392—  Amberskins  :  Chocolate  Recipe— 
•D.N.B.'  Index  —  Jennings  Arms  —  St.  Julian's  Pater 
Noster— "  England,"  "English":  their  Pronunciation- 
Local  'Notes  and  Queries,'  393— Bibliographies— Maiden 
Lane,  Maiden — Apothecaries'  Act  of  1815— Twins — Irish 
Soil  Exported,  394— Wooden  Fonts— Mr.  Moxhay,  Leices- 
ter Square  —  Toastmaster  —  Governor  Stephenson,  395  — 
Rogestvensky,  396 — Theatre,  Parkgate — Norman  Inscrip- 
tions in  Yorkshire  —  Picking  up  Scraps  of  Iron,  397 — 
Unmarried  Lady's  Coat  of  Arms— Navy  Office  Seal,  398. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— Lang  on  John  Knox— '  Quarterly 
Review.' 

Booksellers'  Catalogues. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


WESTMINSTER  CHANGES  IN  1904. 

IT  is  rather  more  than  twelve  months  since 
I  recorded  (10th  S.  i.  263)  the  changes  that  had 
taken  place  in  Westminster  in  1903,  and  now 
I  would  record  those  of  1904. 

In  Millbank  Street  the  houses,  warehouses, 
and  wharves  stand  much  as  they  did  in  the 
previous  year.  The  premises  formerly  occu- 
pied by  Messrs.  J.  Bazley  White  have  been 
let,  I  presume  temporarily,  to  the  Salvation 
Army  for  the  purpose  of  the  social  scheme. 
On  the  other  side  of  the  street,  the  houses 
from  the  corner  of  Wood  Street  to  No.  30, 
Millbank  Street,  and  extending  back  to 
Horse  and  Groom  Yard  (excepting  Craw- 
ford's forge,  which  is,  however,  empty),  were 
sold  on  29  November,  and  by  the  end  of 
the  year  were  approaching  demolition,  but 
Nos.  32  and  34  were  still  left  standing. 
No.  26  (which  was,  as  before  stated,  in  the 
occupation  of  Messrs.  Mary  Mallock  &  Sons 
from  1800)  is  among  the  demolished  premises, 
and  the  old  firm  has  migrated  to  56  and  57, 
Marsham  Street,  close  to  Mr.  Alexander 
Fitzgerald,  another  old  Millbank  Street 
trader.  Up  to  the  end  of  the  year  Horse 
•and  Groom  Yard,  a  narrow  thoroughfare 
leading  from  Wood  Street  into  Church 


Street,  remained  intact,  although  all  the 
premises  situated  there  were  empty.  The 
work  of  pulling  down  at  this  spot  is  still 
going  forward.  At  the  close  of  the  year 
Nos.  5  to  23,  Wood  Street  had  the  hoarding 
up  ready  for  the  demolition  which  is  now 
completed.  Nos.  1,  13,  20,  and  21,  North 
Street  were  empty,  the  last  (a  public-house 
at  the  corner  of  Wood  Street)  having 
since  been  pulled  down.  The  ground 
formerly  occupied  by  Nos.  3,  4,  and  5,  Cowley 
Street,  and  extending  through  to,  and  in- 
cluding, Nos.  14  and  15,  Great  College  Street, 
has  been  cleared,  and,  according  to  The 
Builder  of  19  November,  will  form  the  site  of 
the  new  offices  of  the  North-Eastern  Railway 
Company,  the  old  offices  at  31,  Great  George 
Street  being  required  by  the  Government. 
I  In  this  house  Lord  Hatherley  lived  and  died. 
i  Anything  new  in  this  locality  is  to  be 
|  deplored,  but  from  the  illustration  of  the 
i  south  front  in  Cowley  Street  appearing  in 
i  The  Builder  it  is  pleasing  to  note  that  the 
|  architect,  Mr.  Horace  Field,  has  done  his 
best  to  preserve  the  associations  of  the  old  in 
the  building  now  being  erected.  The  huge 
building  for  the  Ecclesiastical  Commissioners 
goes  on  rather  slowly,  not  much  progress 
being  perceptible  in  the  year.  At  the  other 
end  of  Great  College  Street,  the  house  for  the 
Society  of  St.  John  the  Evangelist,  or  Cowley 
Fathers,  was  nearly  finished  at  the  end  of 
the  year,  while  the  new  building  adjoining, 
for  Westminster  School,  though  not  so  for- 
ward, was  going  on  satisfactorily.  The  latter 
covers  a  part  of  the  old  passage  known  as 
Black  Dog  Alley. 

In  Great  Smith  Street  some  extensive 
works  have  been  proceeding.  A  portion  of 
the  road  way  by  the  Library  has  been  set 
back  to  improve  the  line  of  the  street ;  and 
the  ground  formerly  occupied  by  Nos.  14,  16, 
18,  20,  and  22  has  been  cleared,  and  upon  it 
has  been  erected  a  large  building,  to  be  known 
as  Parliament  Chambers,  residential  flats 
having  shops  underneath,  now  fast  nearing 
completion.  No.  14,  Great  Smith  Street  was 
for  many  years  in  the  occupation  of  the  late 
Mr.  Henry  Poole,  a  well-known  statuary  and 
marble  mason,  and  latterly  the  master  mason 
to  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Westminster. 
At  No.  22  many  years  ago  resided  a 
pewterer  named  Davenport,  famous  all  over 
London  for  the  quality  of  his  wares.  He  and 
his  wife  were  very  quaint  specimens  of  a 
bygone  age,  much  respected  in  Westminster. 
In  llomney  Street,  from  the  corner  of  Church 
Passage,  leading  into  Smith  Square,  all  the 
houses  to  No.  38  were  cleared  by  April,  1904. 
In  Smith  Square  four  houses  (Nos.  19  to  22) 


382 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  in.  MAY  20, 1905. 


at  the  corner  of  Scott's  Rents,  together  wit! 
Nos.  26,  27,  and  28,  are  all  empty  ano 
awaiting  demolition.  The  houses  which  wen 
left  standing  in  Little  Tufton  Street  at  thi 
date  of  my  note  concerning  1903  are  now  al 
down.  In  Romney  Street  Nos.  16,  20,  33,  35 
and  36  are  empty,  and  await  the  fiat  for 
pulling  down. 

The  "Brown  Bear,"  a  very  old  licensee 
house  at  the  corner  of  Horseferry  Road  anc 
Millbank  Street,  facing  Lambeth  Bridge,  has 
been  demolished.  At  the  other  end  of  Horse 
ferry  Road,  Nos.  132  and  134  were  pullec 
down  last  May  in  order  that  increasec 
accommodation  might  be  provided  for  the 
Wesleyan  Training  College  and  Schools.  The 
building  erected  would  have  been  more 
pleasing  if  it  had  followed  the  lines  of  the 
old  building  which  it  adjoins.  No.  2,  Horse- 
ferry  Road  was  demolished  in  April,  1904. 
The  old  Roman  Catholic  mission  chapel  had 
long  been  closed,  and  towards  the  end  of  the 
year  the  ground  was  cleared  (but  leaving  the 
front  standing)  through  to  Medway  Street, 
where  three  houses  were  also  demolished. 
In  the  latter  thoroughfare  workshops  to 
take  the  place  of  the  houses,  and  a  Catholic 
institute,  to  be  incorporated  with  the  old 
frontage  in  Horseferry  Road,  were  to  be 
erected. 

Great  Peter  Street  has  long  been  considered 
a  blot  on  the  civilization  of  Westminster, 
although  in  some  respects  it  is  no  worse  than 
many  other  places.  Its  improvement  began 
some  time  ago,  but  proceeds  at  a  very  slow 
pace.  Another  start  has  been  made  towards 
its  regeneration.  The  houses  from  No.  21 
to  the  corner  of  Monck  Street  have  been 
pulled  down,  and  the  foundations  are  being 

§ot  in  for  a  building  to  become  the  offices  and 
epot  for  the  National  Society  for  Promoting 
the  Education  of  the  Poor  in  the  Principles 
of  theEstablished  Church  throughout  England 
and  Wales — an  exceedingly  long  and  awkward 
title,  but  I  am  thankful  to  say  it  is  abbre- 
viated for  most  purposes  to  the  easier  one  of 
the  National  Society.  It  has  to  vacate  its 
old  premises  in  Broad  Sanctuary,  as  they 
have  been  acquired  by  the  Middlesex  County 
Council,  either  to  enlarge  or  supplement  the 
accommodation  of  their  newly  built  hall, 
formerly  the  Westminster  Sessions  House, 
standing  on  the  site  of  the  old  Sanctuary. 
The  vicar  of  St.  Matthew's  Church,  the 
Rev.  W.  B.  Trevelyan,  has  built  a  mortuary 
chapel  on  a  portion  of  the  ground  attached 
to  the  church.  The  foundation  stone  was 
laid  on  8  June ;  it  is  now  completed, 
and  was  duly  consecrated  on  Saturday, 
4  March,  by  Bishop  Johnson,  late  of 


Calcutta,  the  Bishop  of  Kensington  beinc 
seriously  ill. 

In  the  neighbourhood  of  Vincent  Square  a, 
number  of  pullings-down   have  taken  place 
during  the  year.    Nos.  75  and  76  were  empty 
at  March  quarter,  it  being  intended,  I  believe 
to  enlarge  the  Westminster  Technical  Insti-* 
tute.    The  last  tenant  of  No.   75  was  Mr. 
John  Allchurch,   who  holds  the  position  of 
"housekeeper "at  the  Army  and  Navy  Co- 
operative Society,  Limited ;  and  of  No.  76> 
Mr.  Henry  William  Budd,  a  well-known  over- 
seer of  St.  John's  parish  in  1892-3,  was  the- 
last  occupier.    As  a  vestryman  he  did  much- 
commendable  work  and  is  greatly  respected1 
The  Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Hall  was 
completed  and  opened  by  His  Majesty  Kin°-; 
Edward  VII.  on  Friday,  22  July,  and  has  been 
used  for  flower  shows  and  concerts.     The- 
first  concert  was  one  by  the  members  of  the- 
St.  Margaret's  Musical  Society  on  Tuesday, 
22  November.    No.  82,  Vincent  Square,  the- 
twenty-eight  years'  lease  of  which  (see  10th' 
S.  i.  263)  brought  eighteen  hundred  pounds, 
has  been  pulled  down,  and  the  materials  were 
sold  on  2  June.     In  its  place,  towards  the 
close  of  the  year,   was  started  a  building,, 
extending  some  distance  round  the  corner  in 
Bell  Street,  to  be  devoted  to  the  interests  of 
women  employed  as  clerks  in  the  Govern- 
ment   offices    and  not  having    relatives   op- 
connexions  in  this  great  city.     It  is  for  their 
occupation   primarily,    but    possibly    others- 
may  be  admitted  to  participate  in  its  benefits. 
The  house  will  be   worked   upon  much  the- 
same  principles  as  Brabazon  House  in  Moreton 
Street,    with   which,   however,   it  is  not  in- 
union,  but  the  charges  will  be  a  trifle  higher. 
The  promoters  of  this  scheme  extinguished' 
;he  old  lease,  and  took  a  new  one,  the  ground 
•ent  now  being  120/.  per  annum,  so  that  the- 
iighteen  hundred  pounds  seem  to  have  been 
paid  merely  for  the  pleasure  of  pulling  the 
old  house  down.    The  new  venture  should  be- 
successful,  for  such  a  home  was  sadly  wanted. 
The    Grosvenor    Hospital    for  Women    and* 
Children  has  been   enlarged,   another  story 
comprising  a  large  operating  theatre  and  a, 
separate   bedroom    for  each    nurse)   having 
)een  added  during  the  year,  thus  throwing, 
open  twelve  extra  beds  for  patients. 

W.  E.  HAUL  AND- OXLEY. 

Westminster. 

(To  be  concluded.) 

'CAPT.   THOMAS  STUKELEY.' 

(See  ante,  pp.  301,  342.) 

To  compare  the  scene  quoted  from  'Stuke- 
ey  '  at  the  latter  reference  with  Fletcher's- 
work  of  about  the  same  time,  it  may  be  as. 


in.  MAY  20, 1905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


38$ 


well  to  look  at  that  portion  of  '  The  Woman's 
Prize '  which  contains  the  allusion  to  the  siege 
of  Ostend.  The  scene  (I.  iii.)is  a  long  one,  and 
it  will  be  sufficient  to  quote  from  the  entry 
of  Jaques  to  the  appearance  of  Maria  and 
Bianca. .  Here  it  is,  "  P."  standing  for  Petru- 
chio,  "Pe."  for  Petronius,  "J."  for  Jaques, 
"  S."  for  Sophocles,  and  "  M."  for  Moroso  :— 

P.  How  now  !    la  my  fair  bride  abed  ? 

J.  No,  truly,  sir. 

Pe.  Not  abed  yet  ?    Body  o'  me,  we  '11  up 
And  rifle  her  !    Here 's  a  coil  with  a  maidenhead. 
'Tis  not  entailed,  is  it  ? 

P.  If  it  be, 

I'll  try  all  the  law  i'  th'  land,  but  I'll  cut  it  off. 
Let  'a  up,  let's  up  :  come. 

J.  That  you  cannot  neither. 

P.  Why? 

/.        Unless   you  will  drop  thro'  the  chimney 

like  a  daw, 

Or  force  a  breach  i'  th'  windows :  you  may  untile 
The  house,  'tis  possible. 

P.  What  dost  thou  mean  ? 

J.  A  moral,  sir  :  the  ballad  will  express  it : 
The  wind  and  the  rain 
Has  turn'd  you  back  again, 
And  you  cannot  be  lodged  there. 
The  truth  is,  all  the  doors  are  barricadoed  : 
Not  a  cat-hole  but  holds  a  murderer  in  :t. 
She's  victualled  for  this  month. 

P.  Art  not  thou  drunk  ? 

S.  He's  drunk, he's  drunk:  come,  come, let 's  up. 

/.  Yes,  yes, 

I  am  drunk  :  ye  may  go  up,  ye  may,  gentlemen  ; 
But  take  heed  to  your  heads  :  I  say  no  more. 

S.  I  '11  try  that.  [Exit. 

Pe.        How  dost  thou  say  ?  the  door  fast  locked, 
fellow  ? 

J.  Yes,  truly,  sir,  'tis  locked  and  guarded  too, 
And  two  as  desperate  tongues  planted  behind  it 
As  e'er  yet  battered.   They  stand  upon  their  honors, 
And  will  not  give  up  without  strange  composition. 
I  will  assure  you  marching  away  with 
Their  pieces  cocked  and  bullets  in  their  mouths 
Will  not  satisfy  them. 

P.  How 's  this  ?  how 's  this  ?  they  are  ! 

Is  there  another  with  her  ? 

J.  Yes,  marry,  is  there, 

And  an  engineer. 

M.  VVho 's  that,  for  Heaven's  sake? 

J.  Colonel  Bianca  :  she  commands  the  works. 
Spinola  's  but  a  ditcher  to  her.  There 's  a  half-moon  ! 
I  m  but  a  poor  man,  but,  if  you  '11  give  me  leave, 
I'll  venture  a  year's  wages,  draw  all  your  force 

before  it, 

And  mount  your  ablest  piece  of  battery, 
You  shall  not  enter  it  these  three  nights  yet. 

Enter  SOPHOCLES. 

P.  I  should  laugh  at  that,  good  Jaques. 

S.  Beat  back  again  ! 

She's  fortified  for  ever. 

J.  Am  I  drunk  now,  sir  ? 

6'.  He  that  dares  most  go  up  now  and  be  cool'd. 
I  have  'scaped  a  pretty  scouring. 

P.  What !  are  they  mad  ? 

Have  we  another  Bedlam  ?    They  do  not  talk,  I 
hope. 

S.  0  terribly,  extremely  fearful : 
The  noise  at  London  Bridge  is  nothing  near  her. 


P.  How  got  she  tongue  ? 

S.  As  you  got  tail :  she  was  born  to  't. 

P.  Lock'd  out  o'  doors,  and  on  my  wedding-night  t 
Nay,  an  I  suffer  this.  I  may  go  graze. 
Come,  gentlemen,  I  '11  batter.    Are  these  virtues  ? 

S.  Do,  and  be  beaten  off  with  shame,  as  I  was. 
I  went  up,  came   to    th'  door,  knock'd,    nobody* 

answer'd  ; 
Knock'd  louder,  yet  heard  nothing;  would  have-. 

broke  in 

By  force,  when  suddenly  a  water-work 
Flew  from  the  window  with  such  violence 
That,  had  I  not  duck'd  quickly,  like  a  friar, 
Ccetera  qttis  nescit  ? 

The  chamber 's  nothing  but  a  mere  Ostend, 
In  every  window  pewter  cannons  mounted  : 
You  '11  quickly  find  with  what  they  are  charged,  sir.. 

P.  Why,  then,  tantara  for  us  ! 

S.  And  all  the  lower  works  lined  sure  with  small 

shot, 

Long  tongues  with  firelocks  that  at  twelve  score- 
blank 
Hit  to  the  heart.    Now,  an  ye  dare,  go  up  ! 

Of  these  56  lines  (excluding  the  one  Latin 
line  and  the  snatch  of    song)  32  (  =  57  per 
cent.)  have  masculine  endings,  20  (  =  36  per 
cent.)  have  one  over-syllable,  and  4  (  =  7  per 
cent.)  have  more  than  one  over-syllable.  The- 
145  lines  of  the  '  Stukeley  '  scene  show  per- 
centages strikingly  similar — 52  as  against  57, 
41  as  against  36,  and  7  as  against  7.     In  the- 
Fletcher  play  15  per  cent,  of  the  lines  that 
have  a  single  over-syllable  have  an  emphasis 
on  that  syllable,  and  25  per  cent,  of  the  lines 
with  more  than  one  over  syllable  emphasize 
the  first  of  those  syllables.    In  'Stukeley*" 
these  percentages  are  18  (10  in  56)  and  33 
(3  in  9)  respectively.     Grouping  the  two  lots 
together,  we  get  a  percentage  of  20  (13  in  65)- 
in  '  Stukeley  '  and  17  (4  in  24)  in  the  passage 
taken  from  *  Woman's  Prize.'    This  again  is, 
to  say  the  least  of  it,  a  wonderful  coincidence;, 
and  it  is  to  be  noted  that,  if  the  unknown  be 
not  Fletcher,  he  is  some  one  who  to  a  slight 
extent  out- Fletchers  Fletcher.    The  totals  of" 
lines  trochaic  throughout  are  ten  in  'Stukeley' 
and   two  in   '  Woman's   Prize,'    giving    per- 
centages of  7  and   4  respectively.     In   the- 
former,  the  proportion  of  end-stopped  lines 
is  116  in  145  ;  in  the  latter,  47  in  56  ;  the  one 
giving  a  percentage  of  80,  and  the  other  of  84. 
This  is  another  remarkable  similarity.    There 
is  one  other  test  that  may   be  applied  to- 
Fletcher's  work.    This  is  by  the  determina- 
tion of  the  exact  proportion  of  lines  con- 
taining anapaests  and  slurs.     This  is  by  no 
means  an  easy  matter,  for  probably  no  two  • 
people  would  scan  all  these  lines  in  the  same 
way.     The  scansion  of  the  Fletcher  slurred 
line  is  a  matter  of  individual  taste  or  judg- 
ment; and  I  can  only  say,  regarding  my  own 
results,  that  I  worked  them  out  first  in  the- 
'Stukeley'  before  I  turned  to  'The  Woman's- 


384 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io*  s.  in.  MAY  20,  iocs. 


Prize.'    (I  may  add  here  that  I  did  not  make 
(from  the  latter  play  a  selection  of  a  passage 
.particularly  favourable  to  my  case,  but  de 
•termined  on  the  passage  I  would  take  before 
I  looked  at  it,  resolving  to  select  for  com 
•parison  the  scene  containing  the  allusion  to 
<Ostend  as  being  most  certainly  of  about  the 
required   date.)     In    the   *  Stukeley '    scene 
the  second   line  of    Old  Stukeley's    seconc 
speech,  the  second  and  fourth  of  the  speed 
following  the  second  line  of  Old  Stukeley's  lasl 
speech  before  his  son's  entry,  and  the  first 
line  of  Stukeley's  third  speech  are  samples  oi 
f.he  difficulty  I  refer  to.    The  last  two  ol 
these  I  have  scanned  thus  : — 

But  ail  old  hilt  of  a  broken  sword  to  set  his  light  in 
Zounds  !  he 's  been  taking  an  in  vent' ry  of  my  house- 
hold stuff. 

There  are  places,  too,  where  I  have  not 
counted  as  anapaests  feet  that  would  be  so 
if  the  words  printed  were  sounded  fully,  but 
where  ordinary  contractions  were  supposed  to 
be  used.  One  of  Old  Stukeley's  lines,  e  g., 
I  have  read  : — 

iBut  all's  for  th'  bar  ;  yet  I  'd  meant  to  have  my  sow. 

With  so  much  premised,  I  may  now  come 
to  the  results  of  my  examination  on  this 
score  also.  There  are  far  more  big  slurs  in 
the 'Stukeley  '  scene  than  in  the  scene  from 
*  The  Woman's  Prize,'  where  there  is  only  one, 
the  percentage  being  in  the  former  7,  and 
In  the  latter  2.  If  we  add  to  these  the  lines 
an  which  anapaests  occur,  the  percentage  goes 
up  to  41  in  the  one  case,  and  34  in  the  other. 
Here  again  we  have  an  extraordinary  re- 
semblance. But,  above  and  beyond  all,  the 
manner,  the  language,  the  "go,"  and  the 
tone  of  the  two  scenes  speak  eloquently  (to 
>me,  at  least)  of  identity  of  authorship. 

It  may  be  added  that  no  other  scene  of 
c  Stukeley '  can  be  mistaken  for  the  work  of 
.Fletcher,  or  gives  evidence  of  being  by  the 
writer  of  Act  I.  sc.  iii. 

That  the  play  has  not  come  down  to  us  in 
"its  original  form  is  certain.  For  the  first  three 
acts  the  story  proceeds  steadily  without  hitch 

•  or  break,  save  that  we  have  the  first  scene 

•  of  the  second  act  in  duplicate.    The  first  act 
>  is  devoted  to  Stukeley's  doings  in  England, 
•the  second  to  his  adventures  in  Ireland,  the 
•third   to  his  exploits  in  Spain.     Then  the 

play  goes  to  pieces.  For  the  first  time  a 
Chorus  appears,  and  speaks  of  Stukeley  as 
having  been  "  by  the  Pope  created,  as  you  've 

hheard,  Marquess  of  Ireland."  But,  if  the  play 
was  presented  as  printed,  the  audience  had 
heard  nothing  of  the  sort,  for  Stukeley's 

-adventures  in  Rome  find  no  place  in   the 


drama  as  we  have  it.    It  looks  then  as  if 
Simpson  was  right  in  his  surmise  that  the 
fourth  act  of  the  play  dealt  with  Stukeley's 
achievements  in    the   centre   of    the  Papal 
power,  and  the  fifth  with  his  deeds  in  Africa. 
This  is  rendered  the  more  likely  by  a  con- 
sideration of  the  respective  lengths  of  the 
various  acts.     The  first  occupies  rather  more 
than  32  pp.,   the  second   (exclusive  of  the 
alternative  first  scene)  17*  pp.,  and  the  third 
slightly  more  than    38  pp.,    while    the  re- 
mainder of  the  play  (exclusive  of  the  Chorus) 
occupies  just  over  17  pp.    I  hold,  then,  that 
the  play  has   come  down    to  us   minus  the 
fourth  act,  and  that  the  whole  of  the  African 
scenes  form  the  fifth  act.    In  this  fourth  act 
was  shown  a  meeting  between  Vernon  and 
Stukeley  (alluded  to  in  the  closing  scene  of 
the  play) ;  and  the  audience  was  given  a  hint 
of  Vernon's  intention  of  enlisting  under  the 
banner  of  Sebastian.  As  it  is,  his  appearance 
at  the  finish  comes  as  a  surprise.    It  is  not 
to  be  supposed    that  the  Chorus  takes  the 
place  of  the  fourtli  act :   its   purpose  is  to 
connect  the  lost  fourth  act  with  the  fifth  act, 
because  probably  it  was  found  that  the  play 
was  running  to  too  great  a  length.     It  may 
have  been  originally  written  in  this  form,  or 
the  Chorus  may  have  been  substituted  for 
two  or  three  scenes  that  originally  showed 
what  is  therein   told.      The    fifth    act  is    a 
tangle.    Stukeley,  the  all-in-all  of  the  first 
three  acts,  becomes  a  subordinate  personage. 
One  scene  is  devoted  to  the  fate  of  Prince 
Antonio,  and  then  the  Chorus  appears  again 
and   tells   the  spectators    that    three  kings 
have  lost  their  lives,  whereas  only  two  kings 
bad  been  shown  as  dead,  the  death  of  the 
third  being  described  in  the  scene  succeeding 
the  Chorus.     The  spectators  are  asked   to 
suppose  the  lapse  of  some  time,  spent  by 
Prince  Antonio  in  captivity,  and  the  Chorus 
:oncludes  with  the  words : — 
Sit  now,  and  see  unto  our  story's  end 
All  those  mishaps  that  this  poor  prince  attend. 
The  "poor    prince"  is    never   mentioned 
again,  and  the  supposition  of  no  great  lapse 
of  time  is  required.     All  that  is  shown  is  the 
triumph  of  the  Moorish  prince  and  the  death 
of  Stukeley  and  Vernon.    This  chorus  seems 
-o  be,  as  Simpson  surmised,  a  fragment  from 
a  play  on  the  subject  of  Antonio,  and  he  may 
be  right  in  assuming  that  the  last  scene  of 
Act  III.  (which  he  treats  as  a  fragment  doing 
duty  for  the  fourth  act)  is  from  the  same 
play,  as  must  be  also  the  scene  showing  the 
Capture  of  the  prince.    This  chorus  should 
not  have  been  printed  as  part  of  the  play. 
That  it  is  at  least  misplaced  is  shown  by  the 
act  that  the  next  scene  is  ushered  in  thus 


ioa-s.ni.MAY2o.i9QR]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


385 


"After  Antonio's  going  out,  enter  Muly 
Hamet  with  victory."  The  scene  of  Antonio's 
capture  was  therefore  immediately  followed 
by  that  containing  Muly's  triumph. 

That  this  play,  like  most  of  the  political 
plays  of  the  period  (written,  it  may  be  pre- 
sumed, to  order),  is  a  joint  production  is 
fairly  evident.  The  principal  author  (let  me 
call  him  A)  was  the  writer  of  the  whole 
of  the  first  act,  with  the  exception  of  the 
small  Fletcher  portion.  He  also  penned  the 
three  scenes  of  the  second  act  in  which 
Stukeley  appears,  three  scenes  of  the  third 
act,  the  portion  of  the  first  chorus  prefacing 
the  dumb  show,  and  the  closing  act  of  the 
drama.  He  is  a  meritorious  writer,  his  verse 
having  a  fine  manly  ring  and  an  easy  run, 
and  his  grasp  and  presentment  of  character 
being  mucli  above  the  average.  Three  of 
the  scenes  of  the  second  act  are  by  a  writer 
(B)  of  regular  but  much  stiffer  verse,  and 
I  am  not  at  all  sure  that  the  alternative 
version  of  the  first  scene  is  not  from  the 
same  pen,  though  Simpson  supposed  it  to 
be  of  earlier  date.  The  second,  third,  and 
fourth  scenes  of  the  third  act,  the  latter  por- 
tion of  the  first  chorus,  and  probably  IV.  iii. 
(to  Muly's  entry)  are  by  yet  another  author 
(C),  who  wrote  a  regular  but  jolting  verse, 
and  framed  sentences  that  promise  to  be 
interminable.  The  final  scene  of  Act  III. 
(containing  Sebastian's  first  appearance)  and 
the  remainder  of  the  play— with  the  excep- 
tion of  the  first  chorus,  the  first  part  of 
IV.  iii.,  and  the  closing  scene— have  been 
"lifted"  from  a  play  on  the  subject  of 
Sebastian  and  Antonio,  and  fitted  in  very 
badly.  This,  too,  must  have  been  a  joint 
production,  for,  while  the  first,  second,  and 
fourth  scenes  of  the  fourth  act  are  by  a 
writer  in  the  old-fashioned  ' Tamburlaine ' 
vein,  the  remaining  portions  are  by  an 
author  who,  while  also  high-flown  in  his 
language,  is  much  more  spasmodic  and 
awkward  in  the  construction  of  his  verse, 
and  resembles  C  in  his  fondness  for  long 
and  complex  sentences.  Hardly  any  effort 
has  been  made  to  fit  the  extracts  from  this 
play  into  the  'Stukeley'  drama,  though  in 
IV.  i.  there  is  a  seven-line  speech  put  into 
Stukeley's  mouth  that  is  certainly  an  inser- 
tion (probably  by  A).  It  may  be  noted, 
by  the  way,  that  the  finish  of  I.  vi.  is 
apparently  missing. 

As  for  the  date,  Peele  mentions  a  "Tom 
Stukeley"  as  on  the  stage  in  1589,  but  that 
date  is  too  early  for  any  of  the  scenes  of  this 
play  in  which  Stukeley  is  a  leading  character. 
On  11  December,  1596,  the  Admiral's  men 
acted  a  new  play  called  by  Henslowe 


'Stewtley.'  This  was  probably  a  first  version 
of  our  play;  for,  as  Simpson  pointed  out, 
a  drama  showing  the  supposed  death  of 
Sebastian,  and  giving  no  hint  of  his  escape, 
would  not  be  later  than  1598,  when  news  of 
his  "  return "  reached  England.  In  Feb- 
ruary, 1591/2,  a  play  (not  then  new)  called 
'  Mulomorco '  was  acted  by  Strange's  men, 
but  this  was  probably  Peele's  'Battle  of 
Alcazar,'  in  which  also  Stukeley  is  a  character. 
Finally,  in  April  and  May,  1601,  Dekker  and 
Chettle  wrote  a  'Sebastian,  King  of  Portugal,* 
for  the  Admiral's  company.  The  play  of 
which  I  am  treating  would  seem  to  be  mainly 
the  'Stewtley'  play  of  1596,  with  a  great 
hiatus  (due  probably  to  shortening),  with 
the  substitution  (for  some  incomprehensible- 
reason)  of  scenes  from  a  much  older  drama, 
on  a  kindred  subject  for  the  bulk  of  the 
latter  part  of  the  play,  and  with  a  revision 
of  one  scene  which  (in  the  opinion  of  the 
manager  of  the  company  the  play  belonged 
to)  needed  strengthening.  How  or  why  the 
mixing-up  of  the  two  plays  was  effected  I  do> 
pretend  to  be  able  to  guess.  E.  H.  C.  (X 
New  South  Wales. 


THE   REV.   JAMES  STERLING. 

(See8">S.ix.  24,  196,286.) 
THE  Mrs.  Sterling  for  whom  the 
James  Sterling  wrote  the  Farewell  Epilogue 
given  in  his  '  Poetical  Works '  (1734)  was 
none  other  than  his  wife.  She  was  for  some 
time  a  principal  actress  at  the  Smock  Alley 
Theatre  in  Dublin,  and  made  her  last  appear- 
ance on  the  stage  at  that  house  on  22  May, 
1732.  A  year  later  her  husband  proceeded 
M.A.  at  Trinity  College.  Mrs.  Sterling  was 
the  original  Polly  in  Ireland  in  '  The  Beggar's 
Opera,'  and  took  her  farewell  of  her  friends 
in  that  character.  She  was  noted  for  her 
rendering  of  medley  epilogues  of  a  topical 
nature,  half  in  song,  half  in  recitation.  Many 
of  these  were  published  as  broadsides,  and 
xamples  of  most  of  them  are  to  be  found 
bound  up  among  the  Irish  pamphlets  of  the 

Eeriod  in  Trinity  College.    They  are  indif- 
jrent  productions, and  were  probably  written 
by  the  actress's  husband. 

Mrs.  Sterling  came  of  a  theatrical  family,, 
and  was  born  a  Lyddal.  Henry  Giffard,  the 
actor-manager  who  first  introduced  Garrick 
to  the  public,  married  one,  if  not  two,  of  her 
sisters.  Chetwood,  on  this  point,  is  very 
confusing.  Speaking  of  Giffard's  visit  to 
Ireland  (which  occurred  at  least  four  years 
before  the  date  implied  in  his  record),  the  old 
Drury  Lane  prompter  says  : — 

'  During  his  Stay  there,  he  marry'd  the  Daughter 
of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lydal  Persons  that  made  very 


386 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  in.  MAY  20,  iocs. 


jgood  Figures  in  the  Theatre.  This  Gentlewoman 
•died  in  Child-bed  very  young,  leaving  behind  her 
-one  Son,  born  in  his  Father's  House  in  the  North 
Strand,  who  is  now  an  actor  in  this  Kingdom. 
Some  years  after  Mr.  Giffard  marry'd  a  second 
Wife,  who  is  now  alive.  She  has  an  amiable  Per- 
son, and  is  a  well-esteemed  Actress,  both  in  tragedy 
•and  comedy;  born,  if  I  am  not  misinformed  by  her 
-Mother,  the  Widow  Lydal,  in  the  year  1711." 

It  would  appear  from  this  that  Giffard's 
two  wives  were  sisters.  Be  that  as  it  may, 
he  was  connected  by  marriage  with  the  Hev. 
James  Sterling,  an  association  that  accounts 
for  the  production  of  Sterling's  tragedy  of 
"*  The  Parricide'  at  Goodman's  Fields  in 
December,  1735. 

Personally  I  am  inclined  to  believe  that 
'the  playwriting  divine  was  identical  with 
'the  "Eev.  Mr.  Sterling"  who  was  rector  of 
ILurgan  in  county  Cavan  in  1752,  and 
before  whom  Peg  Woffington  read  her 
•recantation  late  in  the  December  of  that 
year.  On  that  point  I  am  anxiously  seeking 
•enlightenment.  Can  any  reader  oblige  me 
with  the  exact  name  of  the  Lurgan  parson  1 
Burke  refers  to  him  in  one  of  his  letters  as  a 
"*'  great  musician,"  and  Bunting  speaks  of 
turn  as  a  clever  player  on  the  bagpipes  and  a 
fair  composer.  I  fear  he  is  likely  to  be  con- 
fused in  the  future  with  Orange  Sterling,  a 
Dublin  gentleman  of  rank  and  fashion,  and 
an  accomplished  player  of  a  great  variety  of 
musical  instruments.  O'Keeffe,  who  has 
preserved  his  memory  from  oblivion,  tells  us 
that  Orange  Sterling  taught  him  to  play  the 
pipe  and  tabour. 

In  most  accounts  of  the  later  life  of  the 
Rev.  James  Sterling  it  seems  to  me  that  he 
has  been  confused  with  others  of  his  name. 
At  any  rate,  if  the  playwriting  divine  was 
identical  with  the  Lurgan  parson  of  1752,  I 
•can  hardly  believe,  with  the  'Biographia 
Dramatica,'  that  he  was  preaching  and  pub- 
lishing sermons  at  Annapolis  in  Maryland  in 
1754.  w.  J.  LAWRENCE. 

Dublin.  _________ 

HORACE  WALPOLE'S  LETTERS.— At  p.  173  of 
vol.  iv.  of  'The  Private  Correspondence  of 
Horace  Walpole,  Earl  of  Orford,'  published 
in  1820  in  four  volumes,  the  following  letter 
from  Horace  Walpole  to  the  Countess  of 
Ailesbury  appears  : — 

Strawberry  Hill,  Tuesday  night,  June  8,  1779. 

You  frightened  me  for  a  minute,  my  dear  madam  ; 
1)ut  every  letter  since  has  given  me  pleasure,  by 
telling  me  how  rapidly  you  recovered,  and  how  per- 
fectly well  you  are  again.  Pray,  however,  do  not 
give  me  any  more  such  joys.  I  shall  be  quite  con- 
tent with  your  remaining  immortal,  without  the 
foil  of  any  alarm.  You  gave  all  your  friends  a 
panic,  and  may  trust  their  attachment  without 
renewing  it.  I  received  as  many  inquiries  the  next 


day  as  if  an  archbishop  was  in  danger,  and  all  the 
bench  hoped  he  was  going  to  heaven. 

Mr.  Conway  wonders  I  do  not  talk  of  Voltaire's 
Memoirs. — Lord  bless  me  !  I  saw  it  two  months 
ago  ;  the  Lucans  brought  it  from  Paris  and  lent  it 
to  me  :  nay,  and  I  have  seen  most  of  it  before  ;  and 
I  believe  this  an  imperfect  copy,  for  it  ends  no  how 
at  all.  Besides,  it  was  quite  out  of  my  head.  Lord 
Melcombe's  diary  put  that  and  everything  else  out 
of  my  mind.  I  wonder  much  more  at  Mr.  Cpnway's 
not  talking  of  this  !  It  gossips  about  the  living  as 
familiarly  as  a  modern  newspaper.  I  long  to  hear 

what says  about  it.      I   wish   the  newspapers 

were  as  accurate  !  They  have  been  circumstantial 
about  lady  Wcdsingham's  birth-day  clothes,  which 
to  be  sure  one  is  glad  to  know,  only  unluckily  there 
is  no  such  person.  *  However,  I  dare  to  say  that 
her  dress  was  very  becoming,  and  that  she  looked 
charmingly. 

The  month  of  June,  according  to  custom  im- 
memorial, is  as  cold  as  Christmas.  I  had  a  fire  last 
night,  and  all  my  rosebuds,  I  believe,  would  have 
been  very  glad  to  sit  by  it.  I  have  other  grievances 
to  boot ;  but  as  they  are  annuals  too,  vide-licet, — 
people  to  see  my  house, — I  will  not  torment  your 
ladyship  with  them :  yet  I  know  nothing  else. 
None  of  my  neighbours  are  come  into  the  country 
yet :  one  would  think  all  the  dowagers  were 
elected  into  the  new  parliament.  Adieu,  my  dear 
Madam  ! 

I  do  not  find  this  letter  in  Mrs.  Paget  Toyn- 
bee's  recently  published  edition  of  'The 
Letters  of  Horace  Walpole'  under  the  date 
given,  and  it  is  missing  also  in  Cunningham's 
edition,  upon  which  Mrs.  Paget  Toynbee,  if  I 
may  use  the  expression,  has  based  hers. 

It  would  be  interesting  to  me  to  learn 
whether  the  date  of  the  letter  is  incorrectly 
given  in  the  volume  from  which  I  have 
quoted,  or  whether  the  letter  itself  has 
actually  been  overlooked  both  by  Cunning- 
ham and  Mrs.  Paget  Toynbee. 

FRANCIS  H.  KELTON. 

9,  Broughton  Road,  Thornton  Heath. 

"SKUNK":  ITS  ORIGIN. — Our  dictionaries 
derive  this  from  Abnaki  seganku.  That  it 
is  from  the  Abnaki  tongue  is  undoubted,  but 
it  is  to  be  hoped  that  Mr.  Craigie,  who  must 
shortly  deal  with  it,  will  discard  the  erroneous 
spelling  seganku,  and  substitute  segongw, 
following  the  example  of  Mr.  J.  D.  Prince, 
the  greatest  living  authority  on  Abnaki. 
The  history  of  seganku  is  curious.  The  French 
missionary  Itasles,  who  about  the  year  1691 
reduced  the  language  to  writing,  did  not 
distinguish  between  vocalic  wand  consonantal 
w,  but  used  for  both  indifferently  a  character 
resembling  the  number  8  ;  hence  he  wrote 
segankS  for  the  animal  in  question.  This  was 
evidently  meant  to  be  called  seyankw,  but 
our  lexicographers  misread  it  as  seganku, 


*  The  printed  note  is  :  "  The  title  of  Walsingham 
was  not  revived  in  the  family  of  de  Grey  till  the 
year  1780." 


lo-s.  HI.  MAY  20, 1905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


387 


turning  two  syllables  into  three.  Cognate 
terms  occur  in  many  other  Algonquin  dia- 
lects, but  Abnaki  is  the  only  one  containing 
the  nasal,  and  therefore  the  only  one  from 
which  the  English  form  could  arise.  In 
Delaware,  for  instance,  I  find  schkaak,  in 
Miami  sakok,  in  Kiokapoo  shekakio,  in  Sac 
thekaktva,  in  Shawnee  sukahkioah,  &c. 

JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

'THE  LAW  LIST.'  (See  ante,  p.  263.)— I  am 
glad  that  MR.  RALPH  THOMAS  has  mentioned 
the  lack  of  an  "annual  biographical  dic- 
tionary of  lawyers."  He  blames  "the  blight- 
ing influence  of  'The  Law  List.'"  But  the 
statutory  'Medical  Register'  and  the  semi- 
official 'Clergy  List'  do  not  hinder  'The 
Medical  Directory '  and  '  Crockford."  Some- 
thing must  be  due  to  the  conservatism  of  the 
law,  and,  on  the  part  of  barristers,  to  the 
etiquette  which  forbids  advertising.  Never- 
theless a  'Law  Directory'  might  well  be 
introduced  by  some  enterprising  law  pub- 
lisher. AN  ATTORNEY  OF  1870. 

REYNOLDS'S  GROUP  OP  FANE,  JONES,  AND 
BLAIR. — Messrs.  Graves  and  Cronin,  in  their 
monumental  work  on  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds, 
have  so  nearly  exhausted  their  subject  that 
very  few  facts  remain  to  be  gathered.  I 
have,  however,  come  across  a  very  interest- 
ing fact,  apparently  unknown  to  them,  in 
•connexion  with  Reynolds's  group  of  the  Hon. 
Henry  Fane,  with  his  guardians  Inigo  Jones 
and  C.  Blair.  This  picture  was  painted  in 
1766,  and  the  artist  received  200£.  for  it. 
The  story  to  which  I  refer  was  published  in 
The  Literary  Gazette  of  22  August,  1829,  and 
is  as  follows  : — 

"  We  had  the  pleasure  last  week  of  seeing  a 
large  and  remarkably  fine  picture  by  Sir  Joshua 
Reynolds,  which  has  been,  as  it  were,  'raised  from 
the  dead.'  It  is  the  property  of  the  Earl  of  West- 
morland ;  but  has  for  many  years  been  lying  ne- 
glected among  lumber  of  various  kinds  ;  and,  when 
discovered,  was  in  so  deplorable  a  state  of  decay 
(the  surface  being  in  many  parts  cracked,  and  the 
whole  obscured  by  dirt),  that  the  noble  owner 
doubted  the  expediency  of  any  attempt  to  restore 
it.  Fortunately,  however,  he  consulted  Sir  Thomas 
Lawrence  on  the  subject.  Sir  Thomas  recom- 
mended that  it  should  be  put  into  the  hands  of  Mr. 
Dunthorne,  of  Grafton  Street,  Fitzrpy  Square ; 
who,  himself  a  clever  artist,  and  familiar  with  the 
nature  of  oils,  varnishes,  and  pigments,  has  devoted 
much  of  his  time  to  the  recovery  of  old  pictures. 
The  result  has  been  highly  gratifying  to  all  parties. 
The  picture  is  a  composition  of  three  whole-length 
figures.  One  is  a  portrait  of  the  Hon.  Henry  Fane 
(uncle,  we  believe,  to  the  present  Earl  of  VVest- 
morland) ;  the  others  are  portraits  of  his  guardians, 
Mr.  Blair,  and  Mr.  Inigo  Jones,  a  descendant  of 
the  celebrated  architect.  Mr.  Fane  and  Mr.  Jones 
are  seated  in  a  garden  alcove,  with  a  table  before 
them,  oil  which  there  seems  to  be  some  excellent 


claret;  Mr.  Blair  is  in  a  standing  attitude,  and  is 
looking  out  of  the  picture.     The  whole  is  in  Sir 
Joshua's  best  style  ......  The  veteran  Northcote,  who 

has  seen  the  picture  since  its  resuscitation,  is  quite 
delighted  with  it,  and  the  more  so  as  he  recollects 
having  varnished  it  for  his  friend  and  instructor, 
Sir  Joshua,  above  fifty  years  ago." 

The  picture,  it  may  be  added,  was  engraved 
in  1863  by  James  Scott,  and  was  exhibited  at 
the  British  Institution  in  1866  by  the  Earl  of 
Westmorland.  It  'was  purchased  of  him  by 
Messrs.  T.  Agnew  &  Sons,  who  sold  it  to  Mr. 
J.  P.  Morgan,  of  New  York,  for  10,OOOZ.,  by 
whom  it  was  presented  to  the  New  York 
Museum.  W.  ROBERTS. 

HOLLICKE    OR   HOLLECK,  CO.   MIDDLESEX.— 

The  quotation  from  Norden  (1593)  at  9th  S. 
ix.  403  should  read  :  — 

"  Hollicke,  D  18,  there  are  noted  the  foundations 
of  ancient  buildings,  affirmed  by  some  aged  men 
that  it  hath  beene  a  Towne,  but  oftentimes, 
Immensa  cani  spirant  mendatia  folles." 

The  quotation  from  Juvenal  (Sat.  vii. 
1.  3)  is,  sans  misprints,  "  Immensa  cavi 
spirant  mendacia  folles." 

There  is  sufficient  evidence  as  to  the  situa- 
tion of  the  manor  of  Hollick,  but,  as  I  take 
it,  there  is  no  evidence  but  that  which  Norden 
discounted  for  the  town. 

Muswell  Hill  never  was  partly  in  Totten- 
ham and  partly  in  Hornsey.  Muswell  Manor 
was  in  1590  possessed  by  Alderman  Row,  as 
Lord  of  the  Manor,  and  was  held  of  the 
Crown.  F.  MARCHAM. 

Hornsey,  N. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  sent  to  them 
direct.  _ 

LINCOLN  Civic  INSIGNIA  :  THE  MAYOR'S 
RINO.—  The  Corporation  of  Lincoln  possesses 
a  massive  gold  poesy  ring,  weighing  about  an 
ounce.  It  was  bequeathed  to  the  city  in  1578 
by  one  Edward  Sapcote,  son  of  Henry  Sap- 
cote,  who  had  been  twice  Mayor  of  Lincoln. 
The  ring  is  engraved  on  the  inside  with  the 
motto  and  initials  of  the  donor,  thus  :— 

OMNIS  CARO  FENUM  ES. 

The  testator  gave  the  ring  "  to  be  worne  by 
the  Maior  of  Lincoln  that  for  the  time  shalbe," 
but  it  is  too  large  for  wear.  The  Mayor  is 
invested  with  it  on  his  installation  on 
9  November,  and,  by  ancient  custom,  he  is 
entitled,  by  sending  it  to  the  schools  of  the 
city  by  his  officer,  to  claim  a  holiday  for  the 
pupils. 


388 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io*  s.  m.  MAY  20,  IJKJS. 


On  25  March,  1747,  during  the  mayoralty 
of  William  Johnston,  his  house  was  broken 
into,  the  city  chest  in  his  possession  broken 
open,  and,  amongst  other  things,  the  civic 
ring  was  stolen  therefrom.  Our  Corporation 
Registers  contain  the  following  reference 
to  its  subsequent  recovery  : — 

"  2nd  March,  1751.  Ordered  that  Thomas  Vivian, 
Esq.,  Deputy  Recorder  of  this  City,  who  is  now  in 
London,  be  wrote  to,  desiring  that  he  would  call 
upon  Thomas  Leddiard,  Esq.,  a  Justice  of  the  Peace 
for  the  City  and  Liberty  of  Westminster,  and  pay 
him  what  he  the  said  Thomas  Vivian  shall  think 
reasonable,  on  the  said  Thomas  Leddiard  deliver- 
ing up  a  very  large  old  Gold  King,  Part  of  the 
Antient  Regalia  of  this  City,  and  which  had  been 
stolen  out  of  the  Dwellinghouse  of  William  John- 
ston, an  Alderman  of  this  City,  in  the  year  of  his 
Mayoralty,  which  Ring  was  found  upon  one  Neale, 
brought  before  the  said  Justice  Leddiard  on  account 
of  a  robbery  committed  in  the  County  of  Surrey." 

The  ring  was  recovered  by  the  Deputy- 
Recorder,  but  whether  he  had  to  pay  any- 
thing to  Mr.  Leddiard  for  its  restoration  I 
am  unable  to  say,  as  our  Chamberlains' 
Accounts  for  the  year  1751  are  missing,  nor 
do  the  registers  contain  any  particulars  of  its 
recovery  or  of  the  circumstances  of  the  dis- 
covery of  the  thief. 

By  kind  permission  of  Sir  Richard  Nichol- 
son, I  have  searched  the  Records  of  Quarter 
Sessions  for  the  City  and  Liberty  of  West- 
minster and  the  Sessions  Books  for  1749-51. 
I  found  amongst  the  Indictments,  No.  1071, 
February,  1749,  the  name  of  John  Neal,  the 
bill  against  whom  was,  however,  ignored  ; 
and  No.  1065,  3  July,  1749,  Leakey  Neal,  who 
was  indicted  with  others,  but  found  not 
guilty.  In  Sessions  Book  No.  1075,  July, 
1750,  No.  154,  Robert  Neal  was  charged  with 
felony,  and  No.  171,  Thomas  Neale,  with 
assault ;  and  in  Register  1081, 10  April,  1751, 1 
found  "Thomas  Lediard  "  mentioned  as  a  J.P. 
sitting  at  the  Quarter  Sessions  held  that  day. 

None  of  these  indictments  has  reference 
to  the  theft  of  a  ring,  though  it  is  possible 
that  one  of  the  prisoners  may  have  been  the 
person  upon  whom  it  was  found  on  arrest. 
I  should  be  glad  if  any  of  the  readers  of 
'  N.  &  Q.'  could  assist  me  in  completing  the 
history  of  the  mayor's  ring  by  information  as 
to  police  or  magisterial  records,  or  other 
sources  whence  I  might  be  able  to  obtain 
further  particulars  of  its  discovery  by  Mr. 
Leddiard,  and  as  to  how  the  Corporation  came 
to  learn  that  it  was  in  his  possession.  Was  any 
Hue  and  Cry  or  other  official  notice  of  stolen 
goods  published  in  those  days  ?  I  should  be 
also  obliged  by  any  information  respecting 
Mr.  Vivian  and  Mr.  Leddiard. 

JNO.  G.  WILLIAMS. 
Lindum  Lodge,  Lincoln. 


CHESTER  PLEA  ROLLS. — Have  the  Chester 
Plea  and  Recognizance  Rolls  been  published  ? 
If  so,  any  reader  giving  the  names  of  the 
editors,  the  place  and  dates  of  publication 
will  do  a  service  to  H.  EGAN  KENNY. 

CHARLES  MASON,  ROYALIST  DIVINE.  —  Can 
any  one  tell  me  where  to  find  the  paper* 
and  correspondence  of  the  Rev.  Charles 
Mason,  Fellow  of  King's  College,  Cambridge? 
They  are  not  in  the  possession  of  that  college. 
What  I  am  particularly  in  search  of  are  the 
letters  written  to  C.  Mason  from  the  Levant 
and  Egypt  by  Henry  Bard,  also  of  King's 
College,  and  afterwards  Viscount  Bellomont. 
The  date  of  the  correspondence  was  circa 
1632-5.  WM.  IRVINE. 

49,  Castelnau,  Barnes,  S.W. 

WHITEHALL  MATTED  GALLERY. — Is  it  known 
where  this  gallery  was  situated  in  the  palace? 
Lady  Fanshawe,  in  her  '  Memoirs,'  speaks  of 
proceeding  by  it  from  the  Duke  of  York's 
lodging  in  the  centre  of  the  west  sido  of  the 
Privy  Garden  to  the  King's  Withdrawing 
Room,  which  lay  more  to  the  north  See  plan 
of  Whitehall  in  1680.  Pepys  speaks  of  the 
king  taking  twenty  turns  in  it  on  1  November, 
1663,  so  that  it  must  have  been  of  some 
length.  It  was  apparently  different  from  the 
Stone  Gallery,  along  the  west  edge  of  the 
Privy  Garden,  as,  while  that  was  burnt  down 
in  1691,  pictures  in  the  Matted  Gallery  were, 
according  to  p.  385  of  Dr.  Sheppard's  '  Old 
Palace  of  Whitehall,'  destroyed  by  the  fire  of 
1698.  Dr.  Sheppard  does  not  offer  any  con- 
jecture as  to  the  position  of  the  Matted 
Gallery.  H.  C.  FANSHAWE. 

107,  Jermyn  Street. 

"PuRDONiUM." — This  word  is,  I  find,  used 
by  surveyors  and  house  agents  to  indicate  a 
coal  scuttle.  What  is  its  origin  1  I  cannot 
connect  it  with  a  learned  derivation,  and  it 
looks  as  if  it  might  be  called  after  some  one 
named  Purdon.  HIPPOCLIDES. 

LINCOLN  INVENTORY.— Thomas  Fulbeck  was 
mayor  of  the  city  of  Lincoln  in  1565.  He 
died  during  his  term  of  office.  An  in- 
ventory of  ecclesiastical  furniture  was  com- 
piled during  the  time  he  was  mayor,  and  it 
was  printed  —  in  whole  or  in  part  —  in  a 
magazine  during  the  latter  years  of  the 
eighteenth  century,  or  early  in  the  nineteenth. 
This  I  am  anxious  to  see.  I  naturally  thought 
it  was  in  The  Gentleman's  Magazine,  but  after 
long  search  have  failed  to  find  it,  and  the 
like  fate  has  befallen  a  friend  who  has  made 
an  independent  search  therein  on  my  behalf. 
I  still,  however,  think  it  is  somewhere  con- 
cealed in  Sylvanus  Urban's  miscellany,  but 


io»s.  in.  MAY  20, 1905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


389 


it  may  not  be.  There  were  several  other 
magazines  not  unlike  it  in  character  in 
existence  at  the  time,  and  it  may  have  found 
a  place  in  one  of  these.  I  shall  be  grateful 
to  any  one  who  will  point  out  where  it  is  to 
be  seen.  EDWARD  PEACOCK. 

Wickentree  House,  Kirton-in-Lindsey. 

NINTHS.  —  Except  in  the  reign  of  Ed- 
ward III.,  for  the  purposes  of  the  war,  were 
ninths  ever  levied  ?  HOLCOMBE  INGLEBY. 

"FoR  A  GOD  Yow."— This  expression,  or 
adjuration,  is  used  in  one  of  the  letters  that 
form  part  of  an  acrimonious  correspondence 
with  which  the  election  of  1768  was  con- 
ducted in  Norfolk.  Will  some  one  kindly 
explain  it  1  HOLCOMBE  INGLEBY. 

VIXENS  AND  DRUNKENNESS. — At  the  end 
of  "  Den  nieuwen  Dictionaris  oft  Schadt  der 
Duytse  eii  Spaensche  Talen...Door  Arnoldus 
de  la  Porte... t'Antwerpen.  1659,"  one  reads: 
"Zorra,  d'wyfken  van  den  vosse,  vossinneken. 
Estar  hecho  Zorra,  droncken  syn.  Cagar  vna 
gorra,  sich  droncken  drincken."  Similar  ex- 
pressions are  recorded  in  other  dictionaries 
of  the  Castilian  language— e  g.,  those  of 
Delpino  and  R.  Barcia.  The  latter  gives 
zorra  as  meaning  drunkenness,  quoting  the 
phrases  "dormir  la  zorra,  desollar  la  zorra." 
How  came  "  the  vixen "  to  be  used  as  the 
equivalent  of  a  drunken  person  or  a  fit  of 
drunkenness  1  It  is  said  in  Spain  that  foxes 
will  eat  grapes  till  they  become  intoxicated. 
Certain  dogs,  too,  e.g.,  fox-terriers,  are  fond 
of  grapes.  Young  foxes  are  of  the  colour 
of  a  certain  kind  of  wine  which  is  made 
in  Catalunya  (in  Castilian  Cataluna);  and 
the  Catalan  for  "fox"  is  guineu,  which,  as  a 
Welsh  word  meaning  reddish,  is  thought 
by  Prof.  J.  Rhys,  of  Oxford,  to  be  derived 
from  Latin  uinum.  Zorra,  £orra,  in  Baskish 
means  "  the  debt."  It  might  be  used  of  the 
penalty  or  fine  imposed  upon  drunkenness. 
Does  the  English  language  contain  any 
expressions  similar  to  those  noted  by  A.  de 
la  Porte,  viz.,  <kTo  turn  oneself  into  a  vixen," 
"  To  chase  a  vixen,"  in  the  senses  expressed 
in  his  Dutch  equivalent1?  The  fox  and  the 
grapes  is  an  old  tale. 

EDWARD  S.  DODGSON. 

MAJOR  JOHN  MILLER. — I  should  be  grateful 
for     information     respecting     Major     John 
Miller,  of  the  Coldstream  Guards,  adjutant- 
general  to  General   Monk  in  the  celebrated  I 
march  from  Scotland,  and  appointed  to  intro- 1 
duce  the  excluded  members  into  the  House 
of    Commons,    whose    votes    so    materially 
assisted  in  the  Restoration.  He  is  frequently 
mentioned  in  MacKinnon's  'History  of  the 


Coldstream  Guards,'  published  in  1833.  He 
retired  from  the  army  in  1673.  It  is  believed 
that  he  emigrated  to  America,  and  succeeded 
to  the  estate  of  a  Francis  Miller  who  was 
killed  in  the  revolt  of  the  Indians  in  1652. 
A  John  Miller  appears  in  the  list  of _  New- 
England  proprietors  in  1677,  the  first  existing 
record  after  the  Indian  outbreak.  What 
family  of  Miller  now  uses  the  arms  granted 
to  Major  John  Miller1?  They  were: — 

"Argent,  a  treshure  flory,  counter  flory,  and 
over  it  a  fess  inibattelled  gules :  Crest,  a  lyon's 
pawe  erased,  gules,  holding  ye  hilt,  or,  on  ye  blade 
proper,  a  chaplet  also  gules.  May  27,  1672,  in 
24th  yeare  of  Charles  ye  2d.  MS.  Harleian  1172, 
folio  76." 

These  arms  do  not  appear  in  any  modern 
book  of  heraldry.  Is  there  any  family  of 
Miller  that  claims  descent  from  Major  John 
Miller  1  Is  there  any  record  of  the  names  of 
the  many  discontented  officers  who  went  to 
America  after  the  Restoration  ? 

EMMA  MILLER. 

7,  Scroope  Terrace,  Cambridge. 

MAXWELL  OF  ARDWELL.— -I  am  interested 
in  the  genealogy  of  this  family,  and  should 
be  glad  of  the  following  information. 

John  Maxwell,  of  Ardwell  and  Killasar, 
had  a  son  William  Maxwell  (of  Ardwell),  who 
had  a  son  Hamilton  Maxwell  (also  of  Ard- 
well). Can  any  of  your  readers  give  me  the 
name  of  the  wife  of  this  William  ]  Was  she 
a  Miss  Hamilton1?  Burke's  'Peerage'  and 
'The  Book  of  Caerlaverock '  give  no  infor- 
mation on  this  point.  Family  tradition,  I 
believe,  states  that  this  William's  wife  was  an 
Irish  lady. 

Is  anything  known  as  to  the  dates  of  the 
birth,  marriage,  and  death  of  the  aforesaid 
William  Maxwell  ?  W.  M.  BATTEN. 

5,  Rosebank,  Church  Street,  Bradford. 

RALPH  RABBARDS. — An  edition  of  Ripley's 
'Compound  of  Alchymy,'  brought  out  in  1591, 
was  "Set  foorth  by  Ilaph  Rabbards,  gentle- 
man, studious  and  expert  in  Alchemicall 
Artes,"  and  in  the  Lansdowne  MSS.  is  'A 
Joppie  of  Notes  delivered  to  her  Majestie 
oy  llaphe  Rabbards.'  I  should  be  glad 
;o  receive  any  information  as  to  Ralph 
Rabbards  or  as  to  his  family  name.  From 
dedication  of  the  book  to  Queen  Eliza- 
beth it  appears  that  Rabbards  was  at  that 
irae  over  sixty  years  old,  that  he  had  been 
mgaged  in  unsuccessful  litigation  for  ten 
years,  and  that  in  his  younger  days  he  had 
mixed  in  State  affairs.  He  refers  to  the 
"secret  divelish  practises  of  your  Highnesse  mor- 

tall    Enemies whereof    my    selfe    was    an    Eye 

witnesse,  and  so  farre  privie  of  some  of  the  most 
mischievous    intended   Conspiracies,    as    for    my 


390 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  m.  MAY  20, 1905. 


faithfull  indeavours  by  such  rare  secrete  services 
as  were  by  mee  effected  to  prevent  the  same, 

I  tasted so  great  extremitie  of  imprisonment, 

and  other  hard  usage  many  wayes,  as  scaping  with 
life  (by  timely  and  happy  alteration  of  the  State), 
I  felt  long  after  the  paines  of  those  torments, 
whereby  my  health  in  xx.  yeares  after  was  ex- 
treamly  empayred." 

His  copy  of  Ripley  had  been  in  his  possession 
for  forty  years,  and  he  had  during  that 
period  "  founde  out  divers  devices  of  rare 
service  "  of  warlike  engines  both  for  sea  and 
land.  He  announces  his  intention  to  impart 
some  "  rare  experiments  in  Distillations  and 
Fire  -  Workes."  The  Lansdowne  MS.  deals 
with  this  subject.  It  will  be  noted  that  it 
is  not  the  original  writing,  but  a  copy  pre- 
pared for  Burghley.  It  is  printed  in  Halli- 
well's  'Letters  on  Scientific  Subjects.' 

RHYS  JENKINS. 

"  BLANCS  CHAPERONS  J>  AT  GHENT.  —  It  is 
related  in  Chastellain's  memoirs  (quoted 
in  Michelet's  '  Hist,  de  France,'  tome  vi. 
p.  199)  that  the  people  of  Ghent  wanted 
again  their  "blancs  chaperons."  I  should 
be  glad  to  know  what  they  were.  MENTOR. 

ROB  ART  TIDIR.— Over  the  doorway  of  the 
small  cell  at  the  foot  of  the  stairs  of  the 
Beauchamp  Tower  (Tower  of  London)  the  name 
"Robart  Tidir"  is  carved  in  large  letters. 
Some  account  of  this  appears  in  an  old 
number  of  Archceologia,  but  no  informa- 
tion concerning  the  person  indicated  is  yet 
forthcoming.  Can  any  of  your  readers 
enlighten  rne  ? 

Robert,  Earl  of  Essex,  was  executed  in  the 
Tower,  though  his  family  name  was  Devereux, 
not  Tidir  (or  Tudor),  unless  we  are  to  believe 
certain  alleged  decipherings  connecting  Essex 
with  Queen  Elizabeth. 

But  the  carved  letters  are  there  to  be  seen, 
and  should  be  capable  of  explanation  by 
antiquaries.  KERWOOD. 


DANISH  SURNAMES. 

(10th  S.  iii.  49,  137.) 
ON  this  interesting  subject  Christian  Jen- 
sen's valuable  book  '  Die  Nordfriesischen 
Inseln  (Sylt,  Fohr,  Amrurn  und  die  Halligen), 
vormals  und  jetzt'  (Hamburg,  1891),  should 
be  consulted  at  pp.  221  et  seq.  Jensen  says  that 
even  after  surnames  appeared  in  the  church 
register  (and  that  was  in  very  modern  times 
only)  they  were  seldom  used  by  the  people. 
Of  what  was  the  practice  in  giving  surnames 
Jensen  gives  a  family  illustration :  Bleik 
Matzen,  of  Keitum  (Sylt),  an  ancestor  of  the 


author's  wife,  married,  on  27  November,  1690, 
Diihre  Bo  Mannis,  daughter  of  Bo  Mannis. 
Their  four  sons  were  named  Bo  Bleiken,  Hans 
Bleiken,  Manne  Bleiken,  and  Matz  Bleiken, 
i.e. ,  the  Christian  name  of  the  father  became 
the  surname  of  the  sons,  but  the  daughters 
were  named  Marin,  Diihre,  and  Inge  Bleik 
Matzen.  The  grandchildren  in  turn  became 
respectively  Boen,  Hansen,  Mannis,  and  Mat- 
zen. A  wife  took  her  husband's  Christian 
name;  thus  a  girl  called  Jeiken  Matzen  Klew 
on  marrying  a  man  whose  Christian  name  was 
Magnus  became  Jeiken  Mansen  (Mans  being 
contraction  for  Magnus).  As  regards 
Heligoland,  I  am  unable  at  the  moment  to 
lay  my  hands  on  Fried  rich  Oetker's  '  Heligo- 
land: Schilderungen  und  Erorterungen,'  1855, 
but  perhaps  I  may  be  allowed  to  quote  from 
a  letter  of  my  own  in  The  Athenaeum  of 
11  January,  1890  :— 

"  I  can  confirm  Mr.  Rye's  conjecture  that  the  final 
s  in  names  frequently  means  '  son  of,'  from  the  usage 
of  our  kin  in  the  North  Frisian  islands.  Until  the 
latter  half  of  the  eighteenth  century,  surnames  were 
unknown  in  Heligoland.  A  child  was  named  after 
his  grandfather  (or  other  relative)  with  his  father's 
Christian  name  as  second  name.  Thus,  as  Oetker 
has  observed,  if  a  man  named  Jasper  has  a  son  who 
was  to  be  named  Pai,  the  boy's  full  name  would  be 
Pai  Jaspers ;  his  son,  again,  would  be  Jasper 
Paiens,  and  so  on.  '  Son  of '  was  indicated  by  s  or 
e?i  or  ens.  In  1763  the  Government  insisted  on  the 
use  of  proper  surnames,  but  the  usage  seems  long 
to  have  been  variable,  such  names  as  Jasper  Jaspers, 
Klaas  Klaasen,  &c.,  indicating  some  confusion  be- 
tween legal  and  customary  nomenclature.  I  know 
one  name  of  this  kind  now  borne  in  Heligoland, 
viz.,  Heike  Heikens.  I  may,  perhaps,  mention  that 
Oetker  does  notice  that  as  a  matter  of  fact  the  old 
system  of  naming  is  kept  up  by  the  use  of  three 
names.  The  surname  is  now  fixed,  the  first  name 
is  variable,  but  the  middle  name  generally  com- 
memorates the  father  or  grandfather.  A  man  is 
just  as  often  known  by  his  first  two  names  as  by 
his  surname.  Thus  a  young  fisherman  named  Hans 
Dreier  Paiens  or  Payens  (pronounced  Poins),  whom 
1  know  very  well,  is  nearly  always  called  by  his 
friends  '  Hans  Dreier.'  Oetker  has  noticed  the 
extensive  use  of  nicknames  in  Heligoland ;  he  wrote 
in  1855,  but  I  can  fully  confirm  his  statement,  and, 
indeed,  not  only  an  interesting,  but  an  amusing 
paper  might  be  written  about  Heligoland  nomen- 
clature." 

As  Heligoland  and  the  other  North  Frisian 
islands  are  essentially  Danish,  I  hope  the 
above  notes  may  not  be  out  of  place. 

WILLIAM  GEORGE  BLACK. 
Ramoyle,  Dowanhill  Gardens,  Glasgow. 


"  BEATING  THE  BOUNDS" (10th  S.  iii.  209, 293). 
— The  first  question  concerning  this  asked  in 
'  N.  &  Q.'  was  in  1st  S.  xi.  An  answer  appeared 
in  1st  S.  xii.  103.  Since  then  the  question  has 
received  attention  at  the  following  refer- 
ences :  3rd  S.  vi.  107;  5th  S.  vii.  365,  517;  viii. 


10*  s.  in.  MAY  20,  iocs.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


391 


117,  158  |  6th  S.  iii.  506  ;  8th  S.  ii.  245  ;  10th  S 
i.  489  ;  ii.  113.  Most  of  these  were  indicatec 
at  the  last  reference  by  MR.  EVERARD  HOME 
COLEMAN,  to  whom  I  am  indebted  for  many 
helpful  notes  in  the  compilation  of  the  paper 
he  is  good  enough  there  to  mention. 

I  have  in  my  possession  cuttings  as  follows 
•which  I  may  perhaps  be  allowed  to  offer  as 
the  nucleus  of  a  bibliography  of  this  in 
teresting  subject  :  — 

Beating     the     Bounds.  —  Chambers  s     Journal 

23  July,  1853,  pp.  49-52. 

Beating  the  Bounds.  —  City  Press  (long  article) 
29  May,  1889. 

Beating  the  Tower  Bounds  (illustrated).—  Daily 
Graphic,  4  May,  1894. 

Special  message  from  Archbishop  of  Canterbury 
respecting  Rogation  tide  and  Parish  Perambulations. 
—Times,  4  May,  1896. 

Beating  the  Bounds  in  Limehouse.  —  East  End 
News,  16  May,  1896. 

Beating  the  Bounds  in  the  City  (illustrated).— 
St.  Paul's,  30  May,  1896. 

Beating  the  Bounds  at  Greenwich  (illustrated).— 
Sketch,  3  May,  1896. 

Praying  for  the  Crops  (Hitchin).—  Daily  Mail, 

24  May,  1897. 

Beating  the  Bounds  at  the  Tower.—  75.,  28  May, 
1897. 

Praying  for  the  Crops  (Hitchin).—  Ib.,  16  May, 
1898. 

Rogationtide  in  an  Essex  Village.  —  Church  Times, 
27  May,  1898. 

Blessing  the  Crops  (Gaywood).—  Christian  World. 
18  May,  1899. 

Beating  City  Bounds.—  Daily  Chronicle,  12  May, 


. 

Searching  for  Plates  (St.  Benet,  Gracechurch).— 
Daily  Mail,  15  May,  1900. 

Blessing  the  Fisheries  (Folkestone).—  76.,  2  July, 
11)00. 

Bounds    Beating    Curiosity  (Tunbridge    Wells). 
-76.,  23  May,  1901. 
Beating  the  Bounds  (Dorchester).—  Ib.,  5  July, 

Sheriff  rides  the  Bounds  (Lichfield).—  76.,  9  Sept., 
1901. 
Praying  for  the  Crops  (Whitwell).—  76.,  8  May, 


-. 

Beating  a  River  (South  Molton).—  76.,  5  Sept.. 
1902. 
Beating  the  Bounds  (Sandwich).—  Ib.,  15  April, 


. 

Beating  the  Boundaries  (Mendlesham).  —  76., 
20  April,  1903. 

Census  Problem  (Stutton).—  76.,  21  May,  1903. 

Beating  the  Bounds  (long  article  by  W.  G. 
Clarke).—  Norwich  Mercury,  16  April,  1904. 

Ordeal  for  Councillors  (Uunstable).—  Daily  Mail, 
11  May,  1904. 

Beating  the   Bounds  (St.  Lawrence,  Jewry,  and 
t.   Mary  Magdalen,  Mi 
Advertiser,  21  May,  1904. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

The  custom  observed  at  Whitwell  in  Derby- 
shire (four  miles  from  Worksop)  is  a  recent 
revival  by  the  present  rector  of  the  parish, 


.  ,     ewry,  an 

St.   Mary  Magdalen,  Milk  Street).—  East  London 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 


who,  with  much  ceremony  of  a  pleasing 
nature,  "  beat  the  bounds "  at  the  head  of 
the  village  choir  and  others  of  the  parish 
in  procession,  almost  with  "bell,  book,  and 
candle."  THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 

Worksop. 

ANCHORITES'  DENS  (10th  S.  iii.  128,  234,  293, 
333). — The  church  of  Bengeo,  a  suburb  of 
Hertford,  contains  remains  of  one  of  these 
ankerholds.  A  description  appears  at  pp.  80, 
81  of  vol.  i.  of  the  East  Herts  Archaeological 
Society's  Transactions,  but  as  it  is  of  general 
interest  I  venture  to  transcribe  it : — 

"The  most  interesting  feature  in  the  chancel  [of 
Bengeo  Church]  is  the  ankerhold  or  anchorite's 
cell  in  the  north  wall,  which  is  now  rendered  visible 
by  an  ingenious  arrangement  of  sliding  panels. 
The  eastern  aperture  is  cut  completely  through  the 
wall,  the  western  aperture  is  really  only  a  recess  in 
the  wall.  They  are  both  some  4J  ft.  high,  and  less 
than  2  ft.  wide,  and  are  plastered  with  clay.  There 
are  holes  above  which  seem  to  indicate  that  there 
was  originally  a  penthouse*  a  few  feet  square 
attached  to  the  outer  wall,  in  which  the  anchorite 
lived,  as  a  prolonged  existence  was  impossible  in 
the  small  cavities  we  see  to-day.  The  recess  was 
most  likely  his  seat,  and  the  open  aperture  gave 
him  free  access  to  the  church.  Above  it  on  the 
inside  are  the  remains  of  the  iron  hook  which  held 
a  lamp,  which  it  was  the  anchorite's  duty  to  always 
keep  burning.  The  latter  feature  is  very  unusual ; 
ordinary  ankerholds  simply  had  a  squint  cut  through 
by  which  to  view  the  altar,  but  this  anchorite  seems 
to  have  been  allowed  especial  liberty." 

W.  B.  GERISH. 

Bishop's  Stortford. 

Primd  facie,  I  should  say  that  the  testi- 
mony of  Dr.  Bigsby  concerning  Anchor 
Church,  in  the  parish  of  Foremark,  co.  Derby, 
is  valuable,  as  he  was  educated  at  Repton 
School,  which  is  at  no  great  distance  from 
it,  and  was  the  author  of  the  'History  of 
Repton '  and  places  adjacent,  a  large  quarto 
volume,  and  well  illustrated  with  numerous 
ngravings.  We  are  reminded  of  Spenser'a 
beautiful  lines  in  '  The  Faerie  Queen  '  :— 

A  little  lowly  hermitage  it  was 
Downe  in  a  dale,  hard  by  a  foreste  side : 
Far  from  the  resort  of  people  that  did  pass 
In  traveill  to  and  from  ;  a  little  wyde 
There  was  an  holy  chapelle  edifyde 
Wherein  the  hermit  dewly  wont  to  say 
His  holy  things,  each  morne  and  eventyde  ; 
Thereby  a  christall  streame  did  gentle  play, 

from  a  sacred  fountaine  welled  forth  alway. 


*  There  is  a  similar  erection  in  existence  at 
yompton,  Surrey,  with  a  quatrefoil  opening  froni 
he  lower  chancel.  There  is  a  similar  opening  in 
he  north  wall  of  the  well-known  church  at  Shere, 
although  the  penthouse  has  been  removed,  and  a 
ike  opening  on  the  north  side  of  the  chancel  at 
lichaelstow,  Cornwall,  and  traces  of  a  former  lean- 
o  building. 


392 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io»  s.  HI.  MAY  20, 


In  Lewis's  '  Topographical  Dictionary  ' 
(edition  1848),  s.v.  'Foremark,'  is  the  fol- 
lowing mention  of  it:  "In  the  parish  is  a 
singular  rocky  bank,  the  centre  of  which, 
presenting  the  appearance  of  an  edifice  in 
ruins,  tradition  asserts  to  have  been  the 
residence  of  an  anchorite,  whence  it  has 
obtained  the  name  of  Anchor  Church."  There 
is  an  engraving  of  it  in  Bigsby's  '  History  of 
Repton,'  and  a  fine  one  engraved  by  Vivares 
after  T.  Smith,  of  Derby. 

An  old  friend  of  mine  sent  me  some  months 
ago  an  account  of  a  visit  to  the  South 
Tyrol  which  is  very  illustrative  :  "  I  saw  a 
curious  place.  In  a  long  ravine,  on  an  iso- 
lated rock,  five  chapels,  one  above  the  other, 
below  —  quarried  out  of  the  rock,  above  — 
built  on,  with  a  priest's  chambers,  and  a 
verandah."  JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

LAUREL  CROWNS  AT  OLYMPIA  (10th  S.  iii. 
87).  —  The  victors'  crowns  at  the  Olympian 
games  were  made  of  wild  olive,  as  is  proved 
by  various  statements  that  occur  in  the 
classical  writers.  The  following  from  Aris- 
toph.  '  PI.'  585-6  is  very  much  to  the  point  :  — 


TOVS 


crre<£av(ucras 


The  KOTtvos  is  the  wild  olive  or  oleaster,  and 
is  identified,  on  the  high  authority  of  Canon 
Tristram,  with  Elceagnus  angustifolia. 

An  anonymous  epigram  in  the  'Anthology' 
(ix.  357)  is  equally  conclusive  :  — 
Tecrcrapes  etcriv   dyojves   dv'  'EAAaSa,  recrcrapes 

ipot, 

ol  Svo  /xev  Ovrjr&v,  ol  8vo  8'  d 
o,  HaAat/xovos,  ' 


It  is  perhaps  surplusage  to  add  the  testimony 
of  Theophrastus  ('  Histor.  Plant.,'  iv.  13,  2)  : 

V    Se     TOV    6V    'OXvfJLTTia.     d(f>      OV    6     O"T€- 


ALEX.  LEEPER. 
Trinity  College,  University  of  Melbourne. 

ARMORIAL  BEARINGS  (10th  S.  ii.  328).—  In 
1869  the  idea  first  occurred  to  the  Govern- 
ment of  the  day  to  tax,  for  the  purposes  of 
general  revenue,  armorial  bearings,  and  by 
the  Customs  and  Inland  Revenue  Act  of  that 
year  (32  &  33  Vic.,  c.  14,  s.  18)  it  was  enacted 
that  there  should  in  future  be  levied  a  duty 
upon  (inter  alia)  armorial  bearings.  This 
was  to  be  effected  by  means  of  an  annual 
licence  of  two  guineas  if  such  armorial 
bearings  be  painted  or  affixed  to  any  carriage, 
and  of  one  guinea  if  they  shall  be  "  other- 
wise worn  or  used." 


Such  licence  is  to  be  taken  out  by  the 
person  who  shall  keep  the  carnage,  or 
who  shall  wear  or  use  the  armorial  bearings. 
It  would  therefore  seem  to  be  clearly  in- 
tended that  the  licence  should  be  a  personal 
one,  and  should  be  taken  out  by  every  person 
who  "  wears  or  uses  "  any  armorial  bearings. 

And  as  a  Government  which  is  seeking  for 
additional  revenue  by  taxation  always  takes 
care  to  spread  its  net  wide  enough,  so  here 
by  an  express  definition  the  term  "armorial 
bearings"  is  not  restricted  to  what  may  be 
termed  armorial  bearings  proper,  namely, 
those  which  have  the  imprimatur  of  the 
College  of  Arms  for  their  use  by  their  being 
registered  there,  but  includes  "any  armorial 
bearing,  crest,  or  ensign,  by  whatever  name 
the  same  shall  be  called."*  It  is  obvious 
that  no  amount  of  Government  licences  can 
confer  any  right  to  the  armorial  bearings  for 
which  the  taxpayer  takes  out  his  licence, 
which  he  had  not  before. 

It  would  seem,  therefore,  the  above  licence 
to  wear  or  use  armorial  bearings  being  one 
personal  to  the  wearer  or  user  of  those 
armorial  bearings,  that  in  the  case  put  by 
your  correspondent  of  any  child,  living  with 
his  father,  who  is  an  armorial  taxpayer, 
choosing  to  wear  a  crest  on  a  ring  which  he 
himself  wears,  he  must  take  out  a  licence 
for  it.  But  he  may,  of  course,  ride  in  his 
father's  carriage,  although  bedizened  with 
armorial  insignia,  without  any  such  liability, 
as  the  licence  there  is  only  to  be  taken  out  by 
the  person  who  keeps  the  carriage. 

It  is  possible  that  no  exception  could  be 
taken  to  the  occasional  use  by  the  son  of  his 
father's  signet  ring,  or  of  his  crested  silver 
spoons  and  forks  at  mealtimes.  And  I  believe 
that  it  has  been  held  that  a  member  of  a 
college  at  a  university,  for  instance,  or  of  a 
club,  can  freely  use  the  armorially  stamped 
notepaper,  the  right  to  the  use  of  which  is 
conferred  by  his  membership,  without  any 
risk  of  being  prosecuted  for  so  doing. 

Nor  does  the  mere  possession  of  armorial 
bearings  attach  any  liability,  otherwise  on 
every  occasion  of  the  purchase  of  any  old 
plate  the  armorial  evidence  (if  any)  of  prior 
ownership  must  be  removed. 

Further,  I  take  it  that  the  wearer  of  an 
armorial  signet  ring,  disgusted  at  such 
socialistic  and  anti-hei'aldic  legislation,  is 
equally  at  liberty  to  put  it  in  his  pocket  and 
decline  any  longer  to  wear  it  on  his  finger. 
He  would  no  longer  wear  or  use  it. 

Whether  a  better  or  more  satisfactory 
—more  satisfactory,  at  least,  to  the  legitimate 


*  I  believe  "  monograms  "  do  not  come  within  this 
definition,  being  unconnected  with  coat  armour. 


io«-  s.  in.  MAY  20,  iocs.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


393 


bearers  of  coat  armour — alternative  of  use- 
fully curbing  the  growing  desire  of  the 
public  at  large  to  evidence  its  possession 
of  armorial  bearings  might  not  nave  been 
conferred  on  the  College  of  Arms  can  hardly 
have  occurred,  I  suppose,  to  a  modern  Govern- 
ment so  keenly  in  search  of  an  increased 
miscellaneous  revenue.  J.  S.  UDAL,  F.S.A. 
Antigua,  W.I. 

AMBERSKINS  :  CHOCOLATE  KECIPE  (10th  S. 
iii.  309).— Edward  Phillips,  in  his  'New  World 
of  Words,'  London,  1720,  names  a  Spanish 
fish  called  the  dorado,  the  sea-bream,  or 
amber-fish,  the  head  of  which  in  the  water  is 
green,  and  the  body  as  yellow  as  gold.  I  fail 
to  find  amberskins  in  any  of  the  seventeen 
dictionaries  or  glossaries  to  which  I  have 
referred.  Might  not  this  be  the  skin  of  the 
fish  above  named  1 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

'D.N.B.1  AND  ' INDEX  AND  EPITOME'  (10th  S. 
iii.  205,  276).— I  am  confident  ME.  GATES  is  as 
inaccurate  in  his  supposed  accuracies  as  he 
is  pleased  to  charge  "good  old  Thoresby" 
with  being.  A  reader  of  ME.  OATES'S 
reply  would  presume  that  Dr.  Whitaker 
married  a  relation  of  Thoresby,  but  there 
is  no  evidence  of  such  a  connexion.  (See 
pedigree  in  The  Genealogist,  N.S.,  vol.  xix. 
p.  42.)  The  word  "  trash "  was  used  as  a 
description  of  tombstone  inscriptions,  and 
did  not  refer  to  the  correctness  of  Thoresby's 
transcripts.  Indeed,  Dr.  Whitaker  expressly 
commended  Thoresby's  accuracy  and  fidelity. 

I  may  add  that  I  do  not  desire  to  pursue 
the  matter  further  with  ME.  GATES,  and 
thereforeleave  his  other  exaggerations  to  their 
fate.  They  have  been  sufficiently  exposed  in 
the  columns  of  The  Yorkshire  Weekly  Post, 
1901,  and  in  'Whitaker's  Peerage,'  s.v.  the 
Duke  of  Leeds.  G.  D,  LUMB. 

JENNINGS    AEMS  (10th  S.   iii.    308).— Your 
correspondent  should  consult  the  references 
contained  under  this  name  on  p.  442  of  Mar- 
shall's 'Genealogist's  Guide,'  1903  edition. 
CHAS.  HALL  CEOUCH. 

5,  Grove  Villas,  Wanstead. 

ST.    JULIAN'S   PATEE  NOSTER  (10th  S.  iii. 
309).— See  5th  S.  x.  14 ;  6th  S.  ix.  49,  176,  278. 
EVEEAED  HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

In  one  of  the  stories  of  Boccaccio's  'De- 
cameron' it  is  told  that  a  traveller  prayed 
to  St.  Julian,  and  the  saint  consequently 
caused  him  to  pass  a  very  comfortable  night 
after  he  had  been  roughly  treated.  It  seems 


to  have  been  customary  for  travellers  to  pray 
to  St.  Julian  before  they  went  on  a  journey. 

E.  YAEDLEY. 

"  ENGLAND,"  "  ENGLISH  "  :  THEIR  PRONUN- 
CIATION (10th  S.  iii.  322). — The  pronunciation 
of  English  as  Inglish  has  been  explained  over 
and  over  again,  and  has  nothing  whatever  to- 
do  with  these  new  and  inadmissible  theories. 
For  we  know  that  in  Ongle  the  o  was  short,, 
as  in  lond  for  land,  &c.  Even  modern  German 
retains  an  for  English  on,  the  preposition. 

The  sounding  of  en  as  in,  and  of  em  as  im, 
began  as  early  as  in  Gothic,  which  has  in,  pre- 

Eosition  (as  in  modern  English),  where  Greek 
as  iv  ;  and  timrjan,  to  build  (cf.  E.  timber), 
from  the  root  dem,  to  build,  as  in  Gk.  Se/x-ctv, 
See  my  '  Principles  of  E.  Etym.,' First  Series, 
p.  402,  where  I  show  that  the  same  kind  of 
tendency  to  treat  en  as  in  lasted  for  many 
centuries ;  so  that  E.  mint  is  from  Lat. 
mentha,  and  many  words  represent  the  same 
change  in  their  spelling.  Thus  A.-S.  grennianr 
E.  grin;  M.E.  Menken,  E.  blink;  A.-S.  hlencet 
E.  link;  A.-S.  thencan,  M.E.  thenken,  E.  think; 
M.E.  lenge,  E.  ling  (a  fish)  ;  A.-S.  mengan,  E, 
mingle;  M.E.  henge,  E.  hinge;  M.E.  sengen, 
E.  singe  ;  M.E.  tivengen,  E.  twinge,  &c.  I  then* 
add  :  "We  may  also  notice  the  double  forms. 
dint  and  dent,  splint  and  splent,  glint  and 
Scot,  glent ;  and  the  pronunciation  of  Eng- 
land as  Ingland."  There  is  nothing  abnormal 
about  England  and  English  except  the  reten- 
tion of  a  spelling  which  indicates  a  pronun- 
ciation now  no  longer  in  general  vogue.  We 
shall  be  told  next  that  the  a  in  France  was 
originally  long,  because  the  adjectival  deri- 
vative is  French  (late  A.-S.  Frencisc). 

WALTEE  W.  SKEAT. 

If  the  experience  of  a  man  of  seventy-three 
years  of  age  is  of  any  value,  I  may  state  that, 
in  my  belief,  the  pronunciation  England  is 
now  more  common  than  Ingland,  and  Eng- 
lish than  Inglish.  It  was  not  so,  I  think,  in 
my  younger  days. 

EDWARD  P.  WOLFERSTAN. 

Only  an  hour  or  so  before  I  read  MR. 
ANSCOMBE'S  communication  on  29  April  I  had 
noted  the  pronunciation  of  many  as  riming: 
with  zany  by  a  poor  woman  whom  I  some- 
times visit.  She  is  an  octogenarian,  and  her 
travels  have  not  extended  beyond  a  few 
miles  from  this  village  all  her  days.  I  of  ten 
learn  from  her  some  archaic  pronunciation 
or  quaint  item  of  folk-lore. 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

LOCAL  '  NOTES  AND  QUERIES  '  (10th  S.  iii. 
108,  255).— ' Salopian  Shreds  and  Patches" 


394 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io*  s.  in.  MAV  20, 1005. 


Appeared  in  JSddowes's  Shreiosbury  Journal, 
8  April,  1874,  to  21  October,  1884,  at  which 
<Jate  the  paper  ceased  publication.  A  limited 
number  of  reprints  of  'Shreds  and  Patches' 
were  issued  to  subscribers. 

'  Shropshire  Notes  and  Queries '  have  ap- 
peared in  The  Shrewsbury  Chronicle  with 
slight  intermission  since  7  November,  1884. 
The  reprinting  of  these  was  stopped  owing 
to  want  of  support.  HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 

BIBLIOGRAPHIES  (1.0th  S.  iii.  243,  316).— The 
request  for  a  bibliography  of  bibliographies 
happens  to  be  very  timely.  Only  last  month 
there  was  published  the  most  comprehensive 
work  of  the  kind  ever  accomplished  in 
England.  I  need  not  say  anything  here  in 
praise  of  Mr.  W.  P.  Courtney's  wonderful 
book. 

The  process  of  annotation,  as  suggested  by 
A.  R.  C.,  is  one  that  can  only  be  pursued  in 
special  directions ;  in  such  cases,  however,  it 
is  of  infinite  importance.  Every  young 
bibliographer  should  remember  that  this 
ought  to  be  a  feature  of  work  in  the  future. 
The  literature  of  the  world  has  now  become 
so  enormous  that  a  system  of  selection  and 
•differentiation  must  be  carried  out.  There 
are  some  good  examples  of  what  I  mean  in 
Allibone,  when  he  has  taken  extra  pains  to 
•characterize  the  works  of  an  author  by  refer- 
ence to  published  criticisms.  Some  peril 
.attaches  to  this  process,  however,  because  of 
the  personal  equation.  One  might  say,  for 
instance,  of  Green's  '  Short  History  of  Eng- 
land ':  "Interesting  literary  essays  in  a  very 
pure  style  of  English,  but  not  authoritative 
history."  This  sort  of  thing  would  not  do. 
The  bibliographer  is  neutral  in  his  very 
nature  ;  and  his  industrious  labours  are  suffi- 
ciently thankless  already,  without  their 
reputation  being  further  handicapped  by 
anything  like  partisanship. 

EDWARD  SMITH. 

Wandsworth. 

MAIDEN  LANE,  MALDEN  (10th  S.  iii.  329).— 
*  Maiden  in  British  Place-names'  has  been 
fully  discussed  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  on  several  occa- 
sions :  see  5th  S.  xii.  128,  214,  498  ;  6th  S.  i.  14, 
184;  ii.  18,  68,  114,  195,  from  which  your 
correspondent  may  obtain  the  information 
he  requires.  EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

APOTHECARIES'  ACT  OF  1815  (10th  S.  iii. 
328).— MR.  HEWITT  should  write  to  Mr. 
Upton,  Clerk  to  the  Society  of  Apothecaries, 
Blackfriars,  and  he  would  readily  obtain  the 
information  he  desires ;  but  surely  he  is  in 
error  when  he  infers  that  the  British  Museum 


does  not  possess  these  registers.  He  should 
ask  for  old  copies  of  'The  Medical  Directory 
(published  by  Churchill  long  prior  to  the 
official  '  Registers,'  first  issued  by  the  General 
Medical  Council  after  the  passing  of  the  Act 
of  1858). 

The  General  Medical  Council  still  adver- 
tise that  copies  of '  The  Medical  Register  for 
any  former  year  can  be  supplied  for  two 
shillings.  'The  Medical  Directory '  is  un- 
official, and  copies  may  be  frequently  met 
with  at  the  second-hand  booksellers  for  a  tew 
pence.  They  vary  in  date  from  about  1840 
up  to  the  present  year.  I  possess  a  series  of 
them,  and  shall  be  pleased  to  excerpt  there 
from  any  item  your  correspondent  desires. 
It  may  be  added  that  an  interesting  feature 
of  some  of  the  older  issues  of  the  '  Directory 
is  the  notice  (sometimes  very  lengthy)  oi 
members  of  the  profession  who  had  died 
during  the  year  preceding. 

As  instances  of  the  entries  I  quote  the 
following  from  the  1855  edition  :— 

"  Vincent,  Philip,  Camborne,  Cornwall.  —  In 
practice  prior  to  the  Act  of  1815 ;  Surg.  to  the  Lam- 
borne  Dispensary,  &c." 

"Williams,  Allen,  11,  St.  Thomas's-st.,  boutn- 
wark,  Lond.  M.R.C.S.Eng.  1795." 

"Sturgis,  Thomas,  11,  North-st.,  Manchester-sq., 
Lond.  M.S.  A.  1809." 

In  connexion  with  Mr.  Allen  Williams,  ifc 
is  interesting  to  note  that  the  Royal  College 
of  Surgeons  of  England  did  not  receive  its 
charter  until  22  March,  1800. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

A  '  History  of  the  Apothecaries'  Company,' 
by  C.  R.  B.  Barrett,  which  has  been  very 
recently  published  by  Elliot  Stock,  may 
assist  your  correspondent. 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

TWINS  (10tb  S.  iii.  249,  318,  357).— The  in- 
stances cited  at  p.  318  induce  me  to  state 
that  more  than  fifty  years  ago,  when  I  was 
at  Eton,  there  were— in  College,  as  was  ] 
myself  —  two  boys  (twins)  of  the  name  of 
Ede,  of  whom  I  could  say— to  quote  MR. 
STREET'S  words — that,  when  conversing  with 
one  alone,  I  was  not  always  sure  to  which 
I  was  speaking.  Many  an  old  "  Colleger  "  of 
about  my  own  age  (seventy-three  to  seventy- 
four)  could  confirm  my  statement. 

EDAVARD  P.  WOLFERSTAN. 

IRISH  SOIL  EXPORTED  (10th  S.  iii.  328).— I 
read  somewhere,  many  years  ago,  that  the 
governor  of  one  of  the  Australian  colonies, 
an  Irishman,  imported  a  quantity  of  Irish 
earth,  and  having  caused  a  trench  to  be  dug 


10*  B.  in.  MAT  20, 1905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


395 


all  round  his  residence,  he  filled  it  with  the 
Irish  earth,  for  the  purpose  of  preventing 
the  poisonous  snakes  of  the  country  from 
entering  his  house  across  this  barrier. 

WM.  H.  PATTERSON. 

I  have  a  cutting  taken  from  an  American 
newspaper  (Tribune,  1890)  referring  to  this 
subject.  After  a  reference  to  the  absence  of 
venomous  animals  in  Ireland,  and  to  the 
remarkable  productiveness  of  its  soil,  the 
writer  goes  on  to  say  : — 

"  Irish  soil  has  frequently  been  exported  to  other 
•countries  less  fertile  than  itself.  In  the  early  part 
of  the  seventeenth  century  it  was  often  sent  into 
England,  and  there  is  a  tradition  that  about  the 
middle  of  this  century  (1853)  a  shipload  was  brought 
into  the  United  States  by  an  Irishman  who  had 
amassed  a  large  fortune  here,  and  who  desired  to 
spend  the  remainder  of  his  days  literally  on  his 
native  soil." 

Small  quantities  of  Irish  soil  are  still 
constantly  being  sent  over  to  the  United 
States  from  purely  sentimental  reasons,  as  the 
•custom  of  putting  a  tiny  bag  of  it  in  the 
•coffin  prevails  largely  amongst  the  Irish 
poor.  A  few  years  ago  1  saw  a  large  box 
filled  with  the  soil  from  some  ancient  Irish 
shrine,  which  was  being  sent  over  to  the 
United  States  for  a  similar  purpose. 

FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 

WOODEN  FONTS  (10th  S.  iii.  169,  253,  316).— 
H.  P.  P.  is  correct  in  assuming  that  an  old 
font — assumedly  fourteenth-century  work — 
may  be  seen  in  Mark's  Tey  Church,  Essex. 
It  is  of  octagonal  form,  and  upon  each  cant 
is  a  recessed  panel,  in  which  carvings  once 
•existed.  The  latter  have,  however,  long 
«iuce  been  hacked  away  by  vandalistic  hands. 
The  design  of  one  of  these  only  may  be 
traced  in  part.  It  appears  to  have  repre- 
sented St.  Mark.  HARRY  HEMS. 

Heligoland. 

MR.  MOXHAY,  LEICESTER  SQUARE  SHOW- 
MAN (10th  S.  iii.  307,  357).— In  reference  to 
MR.  W.  E.  HARLAND  -  OXLEY'S  comments 
under  this  head,  I  did  not  intend  to  convey 
the  impression  that  Mr.  Moxhay  was  a  "show- 
man "  ;  my  words  were  *'  I  think  it  was  a 
venture  of  a  Mr.  Moxhay."  He  was,  I  take 
it,  the  owner  of,  or  speculator  in,  the  con- 
cern— certainly  not  one  of  the  "lecturers." 
The  date  given  by  MR.  HARLAND-OXLEY 
coincides  pretty  well  with  mine,  so  it  is  pro- 
bable we  both  have  the  "Great  Globe"— or 
"  Wyld's  Panorama,"  as  I  seem  to  remember 
it — in  view  in  our  surmises.  But,  according 
to  'Chambers,'  there  was  a  panorama  upon, 
or  near,  the  same  site  as  far  back  as  about 
the  year  1800,  presumably,  from  the  context, 
erected  by  Mr.  Barker.  The  source  of  my 


information  anent  Mr.  Moxhay's  interest  in 
the  Leicester  Square  building  is  not  imme- 
diately available,  but  I  will  endeavour  shortly 
to  tap  it  further.  CECIL  CLARKE. 

Junior  Athemeum  Club. 

Interesting  illustrations  of  the"  Great  Globe 
House "  will  be  found  in  The,  Builder  for 
5  April,  1851,  pp.  218-19,  and  in  '  Two  Cen- 
turies of  Soho,'  by  the  clergy  of  St.  Anne's, 
1898,  pp.  288-9.  See  also  The  Guilder,  ibid., 
pp.  180,  361,  365,  and  30  Nov.,  1850,  p.  569. 

J.    HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

TOASTMASTER  (10th  S.  iii.  309).— The  Rev. 
R.  Valpy  French,  in  his  'History  of  Toast- 
ing'(1881),  states  that  the  Rev.  Alexander 
Carlyle,inhis  'Autobiography,'  records  a  visit 
he  made  to  the  Duke  of  Argyle,  at  Inverary, 
in  1758,  when  it  was  the  custom  for  persons 
in  affluent  circumstances,  or  who  kept  up 
any  sort  of  status,  to  employ  a  regular  toast- 
master  to  regulate  the  after-dinner  drinking, 
which  was  a  serious  and  heavy  operation,  too 
fatiguing  to  be  performed  by  the  aristocratic 
host.  For  the  appearance  of  toastmasters 
at  public  banquets  in  the  City  of  London, 
see  5th  S.  xii.  26,  75. 

EVERARD  HOME   COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

GOVERNOR  STEPHENSON  (10th  S.  ii.  348,  437, 
492,  539). — I  find  upon  inquiry  that  I  was 
wrong  in  stating  that  Edward  Stephenson 
was  never  Governor  of  Bengal.  His  name 
does  not  appear  in  any  of  the  older  lists  of 
Governors,  and  it  was  even  omitted  from 
the  list  so  carefully  prepared  in  1888  by  Mr. 
F.  C.  Danvers,  late  Registrar  and  Super- 
intendent of  Records  at  the  India  Office  ;  but 
it  now  appears  in  the  list  of  Governors  of 
Bengal  published  annually  in  the  official 
'India  List.'  As  a  matter  of  fact  he  was 
Governor  for  one  single  day,  or,  to  speak 
with  absolute  accuracy,  for  about  thirty-five 
hours. 

The  story  is  told  in  the  'Consultation 
Books,'  which  were  written  up  daily  at  the 
meetings  of  the  Council : — 

1.  "  On  Friday  the  23rd  August,  1728,  the  Hon. 
Henry  Frankland,  Esquire,  late  President,  having, 

i  after  a  sickness  of  about  twelve  days,  departed 
I  this  life  at  one  o'clock  this  morning  and  the  Wor- 
!  shipful  Edward  Stephenson,  Esquire,  being  next 
|  in  succession,  who  is  now  Chief  at  Cassimbazar,  ifc 
I  is  unanimously  agreed  that  we  despatch  a  pair  of 
j  qdsids  to  advise  him  that  ther  ;by  the  Government 
of  this  place  devolves  on  him." 

2.  Under  date  of  Tuesday,  17  September, 
1728,  it  is  recorded  : — 

"  This  morning  at  nine  o'clock  the  Hon.  Edward 
Stephenson,  Esquire,  arrived  here  from  Cassini bazar 
and  took  his  place  at  this  Board  as  President  and 


396 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io«»  s.  m.  MAY  20, 1905. 


Governor  of  ForttWilliam  in  Bengal,  to  which  he 
succeeds  by  the  death  of  our  late  President,  the 
Hon.  Henry  Frankland,  Esquire,  and  accordingly 
the  commission  and  keys  of  the  Fort  were  now 
delivered  to  him." 

3.  While  under  date  of  Wednesday,  18  Sep- 
tember, 1728,  we  read  :— 

"At  eight  o'clock  in  the  night  arrived  here  John 
Deane,  Esq.,  who  produced  the  Hon.  Company's 
commission  for  appointing  him  President  and 
Governor  of  all  their  affairs  in  Bengal,  which  com- 
mission was  read  in  the  Consultation  Room,  Fort 
William,  in  the  presence  of  all  the  Company's 
servants,  etc.,  and  accordingly  the  keys  of  the  Fort 
were  delivered  to  him  by  Edward  Stephenson, 
Esquire." 

Edward  Stephenson  was  born  in  Cumber- 
land in  1691,  his  baptism  being  recorded  in 
the  parish  register  of  Crosthwaite  in  that 
county  on  8  October,  1691.  His  father  was 
Edward  Stephenson,  of  Keswick,  and  his 
mother  was  Rebecca  Winder,  only  daughter 
of  John  Winder,  of  High  Lorton,  co.  Cum- 
berland, who  died  in  May,  1696.  This  John 
Winder  left  behind  him  numerous  sons, 
amongst  whom  were  his  eldest  son,  John 
Winder,  called  to  the  Bar  by  the  Hon.  Society 
of  Gray's  Inn  ;  Samuel  Winder,  a  merchant 
of  renown  in  Mark  Lane  ;  a  third  son,  Jona- 
than Winder,  who  entered  the  New  East 
India  Company's  service,  and  was  from  1705 
to  1707  one  of  the  two  chairmen  of  the 
United  Council  in  Bengal ;  and  others.  Re- 
becca Winder  and  Edward  Stephenson  had 
two  sons,  Edward  and  John,  and  a  daughter 
named  Deborah. 

Doubtless  by  the  influence  of  his  maternal 
uncles,  Edward  Stephenson  was,  on  24  No- 
vember, 1708,  when  seventeen  years  of  age, 
elected  a  writer  in  the  East  India  Company' 
Service,  and  on  17  December,  1708,  Mr.  Samue' 
Winder  and  Mr.  Jonathan  Winder  were 
accepted  as  his  securities.  He  landed  in 
Bengal  2  February,  1710,  and,  after  serving 
a  time  in  Calcutta  as  sub-accountant  anc 
in  other  capacities,  was  in  January,  1714 
elected  third  in  the  embassy  to  the  Mogu 
Emperor  Farru&Asiyar  at  Delhi.  Thi 
embassy  assembled  at  Patna,  but  did  no 
actually  start  on  its  journey  to  Delhi  unti 
6  April,  1715.  Arriving  there  on  7  July 
1715,  it  remained  at  Delhi  for  two  years,  anc 
left  that  city  on  18  July,  1717,  reaching 
Calcutta  22  November,  1717. 

From  this  embassy  Edward  Stephenson 
•went  to  Balasore,  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  to  b 
chief  of  the  local  factory,  and  was  subse 
quently  transferred  to  the  Council  at  Patna 
of  which  he  became  chief,  and  subsequently 
went  as  chief  to  Cassimbazar. 

After  his  brief  tenure  of  the  governorship 
he  returned  to  Cassimbazar,  where  he  re 


nained  another  year,  and  at  the  end  of  172P/- 
e  resigned  his  post  there  and  went  down  to 
Calcutta,  whence  he  sailed  for  England  in 
he  Eyles  at  the  beginning  of  1730.  After 
is  return  home  he  married  the  lady  whose 
eath  is  recorded  in  The  Gentleman's  Maga- 
ine  on  24  February,  1744.  He  seems  to  have. 
ived  at  Borfield  Lodge,  Essex,  and  in  Queen's 
Square,  where  he  died  7  September,  1768. 
le  left  no  will,  and  the  administration  of 
lis  estate  was  granted  on  23  September  to- 
"ohn  Stephenson,  Esq.,  "the  natural  and 
awful  brother  and  next  of  kin  of  the  said 
deceased  "(P.C.C.,  A.  A.,  1768).  John  Stephen- 
on  himself  died  in  1771  at  Mount  Pleasant,. 
and  in  his  will  expressed  his  desire  to  be- 
)uried  in  the  family  vault  at  Keswick,  in 

umberland,  "where  my  late  brother  Ed- 
ward Stephenson  is  interred." 

Edward  Stephenson  was  buried  29  Sept. 
under  the  chancel  of  Crosthwaite  Church, 
and  the  following  inscription  is  cut  in  the? 

tone  of  the  chancel  floor  :  — 

Edward  Stephenson  Esquire 

late  Governor 

of  Bengal 

Ob4  Sep.  7,  1768. 

t.  77. 


F.  DE  H.  L. 

ROGESTVENSKY  (10th  S.  Hi.  304,  356).—  MB. 
HAVELOCK  is  quite  right  in  his  suggestion- 
that  this  is  merely  a  variant  of  Rozhdest- 
vensky  with  d  dropped  for  euphony.  The- 
proof  is  that  in  the  best  Russian  dictionaries 
—  e.g.,  in  Pawlowsky's  'Russisch-Deutsches 
Worterbuch  '  (1879)—  both  forms  are  given  side 
by  side.  The  surname  is  therefore  identical 
in  meaning  with  our  English  family  names- 
Christmas  and  Nowell.  MR.  HAVELOCK  asks 
whence  comes  the  symbol  zh,  used  to  trans- 
literate the  seventh  letter  of  the  Russian 
alphabet.  He  seems  to  think  it  may  be 
Czech,  but  it  is  merely  English,  sh  and  zh 
bearing  the  same  relation  to  one  another  as  s 
and  2.  Hence  it  is  that  in  the  British 
Museum  Catalogue  we  find  authors  described 
as  Derzhavin  and  Zhukovsky,  who  in  French 
bibliographies  appear  as  Derjavine  and 
Joukovsky,  while  the  Germans  write  them 
Dershawin  and  Shukowsky.  This  German 
use  of  sh  for  the  sound,  not  of  English  sk 
(which  they  write  scA),  but  of  the  French  /, 
deserves  a  word  to  itself  by  way  of  warning. 
It  affects  English  readers,  because  Russian 
names  are  often  transferred  to  our  news- 
papers and  books  from  a  German  context 
without  retransliteration.  We  meet,  for 
instance,  with  such  a  form  as  Bestusheff. 
Nothing  can  tell  us,  short  of  a  knowledge  of 
Russian,  that  the  sh  here  represents,  not  the 


io- s.  in.  MAY  20.  MOB.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


397 


English  sound,  but  the  German.    The  correct 
'English  transliteration  would  be  Bestuzheff. 
JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

This  name  is  pronounced  Rozhyestvyensky, 
with  the  accent  on  the  antepenultimate,  as 
marked.  Zh  represents  the  sound  of  s  in 
pleasure.  The  vowel  e  has  a  slight  y  sound 
before  it  in  most  cases  in  Russian.  Pronounce 
the  vowels  thus  :  o  as  a  in  was  (nearly) ;  e  as 
in  yet ;  the  final  y  as  i  in  pin. 

The  name  is  not  connected  with  rozha,  a 
face,  which,  by  the  way,  is  a  by  no  means 
complimentary  term,  translated  by  Alexan- 
droff  "phiz,  fright,  ugly  person."  Neither 
has  it  anything  to  do  with  rozh,  barley,  in  the 
opinion  of  educated  Russians  here.  There  is 
no  reason  for  refusing  to  derive  it  from  the 
root  of  rozhdyestvo,  birth,  for  the  d  is  not 
found  in  several  of  the  derivatives.  Rod, 
race,  family  ;  razhdat,  to  give  birth  ;  rozk- 
dyenie,  birth,  represent  the  normal  form  ; 
but  razhat,  to  give  birth,  and  rozhenitsa,  a 
lying-in  woman,  are  evidence  for  the  omis- 
sion. In  popular  pronunciation  rozhdyestvo 
assumes  the  form  roshyestvo. 

There  seems  to  be  no  need  to  seek  in  Czech 
or  Polish  for  the  origin  of  the  sign  zft  to 
represent  the  sound  of  s  in  pleasure.  We 
have  s  and  s/i  (in  shall),  why  not  also  2 
and  zh  ?  The  combination  is  an  invention  of 
the  phonologists,  and  is  so  self-explanatory 
that  the  Germans  have  adopted  it  from  us. 
In  writing  the  same  sound  in  Lettish  the 
clumsy  sch  is  used,  the  distinction  between 
this  and  sck  =  English  sh  being  marked  by 
drawing  a  line  through  the  s. 

FRED.  G.  ACKERLEY. 

Libau,  Russia. 

PROF.  LAUGHTON'S  presumption  that  the  g 
has  the  sound  of  English  /,  and  not  of  French 
•/,  would  be  right  if  reversed.  The  g  has  the 
sound  of  French./,  and  not  of  English  j.  The 
stress,  or  accent,  is  on  the  antepenultimate. 

H.  RAYMENT. 

Sidcup,  Kent. 

THEATRE,  PARKGATE  (10th  S.  iii.  289,  355).— 
The  interesting  replies  to  this  query  settle 
all  doubts  as  to  its  identity.  The  Rev.  G. 
•Christian  kindly  wrote  me,  pointing  out  the 
coincidence  of  names  with  the  Cheshire 
resort,  and  transcribed  the  following  from 
'The  Cheshire  Chronicle,  1881  :  — 

"  Such  was  the  influx  of  visitors  at  one  time,  and 
the  constant  flow  of  people  into  Parkgate,  that  some 
enterprising  priest,  devoted  to  the  worship  of 
Thespis,  erected  on  the  site  of  the  Herring  Curing 
House,  that  stood  where  Mostyn  House  school- 
room stands,  a  small  theatre,  where  a  small  company 
"from  Chester,  and  occasional  actors  from  Liverpool, 
with  a  flying  fourth-rate  star  or  two,  would  furnish 


amusement  to  residents  and  visitors  with  dramatic 
proclivities." 

ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 
39,  Hillmarton  Road. 

Parkgate  has  always  been  noted  as  a 
bathing  place  and  for  its  extensive  sands, 
which  are  celebrated  by  Charles  Kingsley  in 
his  beautiful  ballad  : — 

O  Mary,  call  the  cattle  home 
Across  the  sanda  of  Dee. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 
Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

NORMAN  INSCRIPTIONS  IN  YORKSHIRE  (10th 
S.  iii.  349).— If  MR.  G.  H.  CLARKE  has  copied 
the  Norman-French  inscriptions  quite  cor- 
rectly they  decidedly  require  explanation, 
as  I  was  unaware  that  temple  was  a  Norman- 
French  word,  and  the  second  line  certainly 
seems  to  speak  of  care  of  the  then  queen, 
roi/ne  being  Norman  French  for  queen  ;  but 
why  du  royne  ?  In  the  second  inscription 
s'alme  is  the  usual  mode  of  expressing  his  or 
her  soul,  and  Valme  the  soul.  The  remarkable 
feature  in  the  second  inscription  is  the  date 
1634,  as  Norman  French  was  not  used  after 
the  middle  of  the  fifteenth  century. 

MATILDA  POLLARD. 

Belle  Vue,  Bengeo. 

"  Dieude  saline  eit  m'cy."  Saline  is  correct 
Old  French,  the  sounding  of  the  "  liaison  " 
for  the  sake  of  euphony  being  more  modern. 

SHERBORNE. 

PICKING  UP  SCRAPS  OF  IRON  (10th  S.  iii. 
348). — I  knew  this  custom  as  a  regular  thing 
in  Derbyshire  when  a  lad,  and  have  known 
many  others  in  various  places  do  the  same. 
One  I  know  who  had  quite  a  collection  of 
odd  nails — horseshoe  nails  mostly — and  bits 
of  iron.  It  is  akin  to  the  once  very  much 
observed  custom  of  picking  up  pins,  concern- 
ing which  some  lines  ran: — 

Who  see  a  pin,  and  pick  it  up, 

All  his  days  will  be  in  luck. 

Who  see  a  pin,  and  pass  it  by, 

Will  come  to  want  before  he  die. 

And  I  have  heard  variations  of    the  same 
lines.  THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 

W'orksop. 

I  think  the  practice  to  which  C.  T.  refers 
must  be  widely  spread.  I  have  often  seen 
such  scraps  picked  up,  and  have  done  a  little 
that  way  myself.  The  correct  ritual,  as  I 
know  it,  is  to  pick  up  the  iron  in  the  right 
hand,  spit  on  it,  and  throw  it  over  the  left 
shoulder.  You  must  on  no  account  look  to 
see  where  it  falls,  or  you  will  lose  the  good 
luck  which  your  action  is  supposed  to  bring. 
I  have  been  told  that  the  idea  is  that  you 
hit  the  devil  who  is  behind  you — as  to  this 


398 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  m.  MAY  20,  IMS. 


I  cannot  speak  with  certainty ;  but  you  un- 
doubtedly stand  a  fair  chance  of  hitting 
other  wayfarers.  The  spitting  is  omitted  by 
very  refined  persons,  and  I  am  not  aware 
that  their  luck  has  suffered. 

FRANK  REDE  FOWKE. 
24,  Netherton  Grove,  Chelsea. 

The  old  lady  was  undoubtedly  right,  so  far 
as  there  is  any  right  about  the  matter  at  all, 
in  acquiring  any  stray  scrap  of  iron  which 
she  may  have  casually  encountered.  Pro- 
bably the  belief  in  the  good  luck  which 
the  possession  of  a  horseshoe  brings  is  trace- 
able merely  to  the  fact  of  that  object  being 
the  most  frequent  form  in  which  iron  is  met 
with  on  the  part  of  the  wayfarer.  I  have 
observed  the  cherishing  of  the  merest  remnant 
of  a  horseshoe.  Rusty  nails  and  sickles  are 
equally  prized.  Mason,  in  his  'Anatomie 
of  Sorcerie,'  1612,  4to,  mentions  among  omens 
of  good  luck  "if  drink  be  spill'd  upon  a  man, 
or  if  he  find  olde  iron."  One  cannot  help 
thinking  that  a  superstition  so  universal  had, 
in  its  origin,  some  connexion  with  solar 
worship — that  this  amuletic  virtue  ascribed 
to  scraps  of  old  iron  had  its  birth  in  the  iron 
age,  and  was  suggested  perhaps  by  the 
metal's  malleability  for  useful  purposes  when 
subjected  to  the  solar  fire.  Of  similar  origin 
probably  is  the  treasuring  of  a  piece  of  coal 
as  a  charm.  J.  HOLDEN  MACMICIIAEL. 

UNMARRIED  LADY'S  COAT  OF  ARMS  (10th  S. 
iii.  348). — In  the  case  assumed  it  would  be 
perfectly  correct  for  the  lady  to  bear  her 
father's  arms  (quartering  with  them  the  arms 
of  her  mother,  if  the  latter  were  an  heiress 
or  coheiress) :  the  arms  of  the  daughters 
of  a  family  are  not  differenced  by  marks  of 
cadency,  as  in  the  cases  of  their  brothers. 

The  lozenge  on  which  a  lady's  arms  are 
emblazoned  is  of  the  same  form  whether  she 
be  single  or  married,  although  artists  and 
engravers  of  bookplates  occasionally  take 
liberties ;  but  of  course  the  achievement  of 
a  married  woman  or  a  widow  shows  the 
arms  of  her  husband  (on  the  dexter  side) 
impaled  with  her  paternal  coat.  If  the  lady 
be  an  heiress  or  coheiress,  her  arms  are  em- 
blazoned on  an  escutcheon  of  pretence  charged 
on  the  fess  point  of  her  husband's  bearings. 

A.  C.  S.  can  obtain  further  information  by 
consulting  Cussans's  '  Handbook  to  Heraldry  ' 
(published  by  Messrs.  Chatto  &  Windus), 
chaps,  xi.  and  xii.  R.  L.  MORETON. 

There  is  no  reason  except  custom  why 
either  unmarried  women  or  widows  should 
bear  their  arms  on  a  lozenge.  Matilda 
d'Artois,  Jeanne  de  France,  and  Margaret 
of  Flanders  bore  their  arms  on  shields.  See 


Didron,  '  Annales  Archeologiques,'  vol.  xvu 
p.  362 ;  vol.  xvii.  pp.  43,  44.  The  arms  of  a 
woman  on  a  shield  are  mentioned  in  Marryat's 
'  Year  in  Sweden,'  vol.  i.  p.  300.  I  have  met 
with  many  English  examples  of  which  I  have 
failed  to  take  notes.  ASTARTE. 

NAVY  OFFICE  SEAL  (10th  S.  iii.  329).— "An 
anchor  with  another  smaller  one  on  each  side 
within  the  beam  and  fluke"  are  the  arms  on 
the  seal  of  the  Navy  Office,  according  to- 
Papworth's  'Ordinary.'  G.  J.  W. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

John  Knox   and   the   Reformation.      By  Andrew 

Lang.     (Longmans  &  Co.) 

MR.  ANDREW  LANG'S  biography  of  John  Knox  is 
a  continuation  of  those  historical  labours  which 
constitute  an  important  part  of  the  literary 
baggage  of  the  most  zealous,  erudite,  and  enlightened 
of  modern  writers.  It  is  a  natural  outcome  of, 
or  sequence  to,  his  studies  of  the  life  of  Mary, 
Queen  of  Scots,  and  in  part  an  answer  to  the 
biography  of  the  great  Scottish  Reformer  by  Prof. 
Hume  Brown.  Those  who  read  between  the  lines- 
will  find  in  it,  in  addition  to  other  matter,  a, 
counterblast— the  use  of  such  a  word  is  natural 
when  dealing  with  Knox — to  the  more  or  less 
dogmatic  utterances  of  Carlyle.  To  the  literary 
craftsman  it  will  specially  recommend  itself.  We 
have  to  go  back  to  the  days  of  Gibbon  to  find  a 
work  written  with  so  much  earnestness  of  pur- 
pose, so  much  apparent  persiflage,  and  so  much 
scarcely  veiled  irony.  Not  at  all  an  easy  book  to- 
deal  with  is  it  for  one  who  has  the  "  misfortune," 
to  use  a  Scottish  phrase,  "  to  be  born  south  of  the- 
Tweed."  Largely,  and  even  mainly,  controversial  i» 
aim,  it  furnishes  something  like  an  analysis,  accom- 
panied with  comment,  of  that  *•  History'  of 
Knox  upon  which  estimates  of  his  character  are 
naturally  based.  The  style  of  thinking  about  Knox 
introduced  by  Carlyle  Mr.  Lang  describes — we  had 
almost  said  "brands" — as  "platonically  Puritan,"' 
and  he  complains  that  the  passages  in  Knox's 
works  which  a  writer  in  The  Edinburgh  Review  for 
1816,  with  whom  he  finds  himself  able  to  agree, 
describes  as  shocking,  are  omitted,  as  a  rule,  by 
modern  biographers  of  the  Reformer. 

To  give  in  the  most  condensed  form  what  is  Mr. 
Lang's  estimate  of  Knox,  we  will  take  the  fol- 
lowing: "As  an  individual  man  he  [Knox]  would 
not  have  hurt  a  fly.  As  a  prophet  he  delibe- 
rately tried  to  restore,  by  a  pestilent  anachronism, 
in  a  Christian  age  and  country,  the  ferocities 
attributed  to  ancient  Israel."  His  influence  on 
Scotland  was  abidingly  evil,  and  subsequent 
massacres  (Dunavertie,  1647),  "  the  slaying  of 
women  in  cold  blood  months  after  the  battle  of 
Philiphaugh,"  and  the  slaughter  of  Cavaliers  taken 
under  quarter,  are  "  the  direct  result  of  Knox's 
intellectual  error,  of  his  appeals  to  Jehu,  Phinehas, 
and  so  forth."  It  is  to  the  chapters  dealing  with' 
the  relations  between  the  Queen  of  Scots  and  John 
Knox,  which,  however,  constitute  neither  the- 
longest  nor  the  most  important  section  of  Mr, 
Lang's  work,  that  his  admirer*  will  most  readily 


io»  s.  in.  MAY  20,  iocs.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


399 


turn.    Before  we  reach  there  we  have  some  scores 
of  passages  marked  for  comment. 

Terrible  pictures  of  lawlessness  in  Scotland  meet 
us  as  we  progress  through  Mr.  Lang's  fascinating 
pages.  Notaries  "  were  often  professional  forgers  "  ; 
with  certain  exceptions  "  the  ignorance  and  pro- 
fligacy of  the  higher  Scottish  clergy  in  Knox's 
youth  are  almost  incredible";  "many  priests 
could  hardly  read."  Cardinal  Sermoneta  "  drew  a 
terrible  sketch,  which  Mary  Stuart  commended  to 
the  attention  of  the  Pope,  of  the  nefarious  lives  of 
•every  kind  of  religious  women'  in  Scotland." 
"  Scotland,  in  brief,  had  always  been  lawless,  and 
for  centuries  had  never  been  godly." 

Especially  ironical  is  Mr.  Lang  when  he  deals  with 
what  he  pleases  to  call  Knox's  humour.  "  Other 
good  men  rejoiced  in  the  murder  of  an  enemy, 
but  Knox  chuckled/'  Of  his  remarks  on  Mary  of 
Guise,  who  once  treated  him  with  banter,  it  is  said 
that  whenever  Knox  touches  on  her  he  "  deals  a 
stab  at  her  name  and  fame."  With  all  his  zeal  and 
courage,  Knox  was  not  the  material  of  which 
martyrs  are  made.  Mr.  Lang  can,  however,  praise 
"the  actual  genius  of  Knox,  his  tenacity,  his 
courage  in  an  uphill  game,  his  faith  which  might 
move  mountains,"  and,  again,  his  unbending 
honesty.  The  passages  dealing  with  Mary  Stuart 
are  deeply  interesting,  and  here  the  historian  is 
seen  at  his  best.  He  will  be  judged  a  little  cynical 
when  he  writes  concerning  her,  "  It  is  not  a  kind 
thing  to  say  about  Mary,  but  I  suspect  that,  if 
assured  of  the  English  succession,  she  might  have 
gone  over  to  the  Prayer- Book."  We  doubt  if  she 
would  thus  have  anticipated  and  reversed  the 
apostasy  of  Henri  IV.  In  the  fact  that  nobody  in 
those  days  put  a  bullet  into  Knox  Mr.  Lang  finds 
proof  that  he  was  the  most  potent  man  in  Scotland. 
We  have  here  to  stop,  though  we  have  not  said  a 
fourth  of  what  at  the  outset  we  intended.  The 
book  will  inspire  highest  interest  in  historical 
circles,  and  will  stir  much  discussion.  It  appears 
in  handsome  guise,  with  admirably  executed 
portraits  of  Knox,  Mary  Stuart  (about  thirty- 
eix),  King  James,  and  Mary  of  Guise,  and  other 
illustrations,  some  of  them  in  photogravure,  but 
without  an  index. 

'TiiE  WANDERINGS  OF  ODYSSEUS,'  by  Mr.  Gilbert 
Murray,  in  The  Quarterly  Reriew  for  April,  is  a 
paper  on  M.  Victor  B6rard's  '  Les  Pheniciens  et 
rOdyssee.'  There  are,  we  need  hardly  say,  differ- 
ences of  view  which,  in  some  degree,  separate  the 
critic  from  the  author ;  but  on  the  whole  the  work 
is  highly  commended.  We  agree  with  the  reviewer 
that  too  much  of  Mediterranean  exploration,  trade, 
and  colonization  has  been  attributed  to  the  Phoani- 
cians.  There  were  other  races  before  them  who 
were  explorers  and  colonizers ;  but  the  task  of 
elucidating  the  early  history  of  the  great  midland  sea 
is  a  most  difficult  undertaking  with  such  informa- 
tion as  we  have  at  present  attained  to.  M.  Berard 
is  an  explorer.  We  have  no  hesitation  in  saying 
that  he  has  much  enlarged  our  outlook,  and  that 
his  work  is  at  present  the  most  enlightening  guide 
for  those  who  would  follow  in  his  footsteps.  Mr. 
Dodwell's  paper  on  Taine  is  instructive.  Alike  as 
crilic  and  philosophic  thinker  Taine  ranks  high.  In 
this  country  he  has  been  admired,  perhaps  more  than 
was  his  due,  on  account  of  his  kno\yledge  of  our 
insular  manners  and  literature.  Still,  when  we 
call  to  mind  the  obscurantism  cultivated,  or  rather 
enforced  as  a  duty,  by  too  many  of  those  who  have 


been,  and  are,  at  opposite  poles  of  French  thought,, 
we  cannot  help  giving  well-nigh  unstinted  admira- 
tion to  one  who  fearlessly  taught  "  that  the  single 
aim  of  science  and  education  should  be  the  dis- 
interested propagation   and  discovery  of    truth." 
The  collected  works  of  Lord  Byron,  edited  by  Mr. 
R.  E.  Prothero  and  Mr.  Ernest  Hartley  Coleridge,, 
are  reviewed  by  Mr.  J.  C.  Collins  in  a  manner  which- 
shows  a  high  appreciation  of  the  poet  as  well  as  of 
the  editorial  skill  of  the  gentlemen  to  whose  care 
this  new  issue  has  been  entrusted.     The  reviewer 
has  had  a  difficult  task  before  him,  but  we  see  very 
little  with  which  to  find  fault  in  his  conclusions. 
Most  of  us  now  hold  "  that,  Shakespeare  excepted, 
his  versatility  is  without  parallel  among  English' 
poets."    There  are,  however,  still  some  who  are  so. 
muddled  with  the  fanaticisms  they  have  inherited 
from  the  thirties  as  to  refuse  to  admit  that  Byroi> 
was  often    faulty  in  word-selection   or  stumbled 
into  errors  of  expression  which   they  themselves- 
would  be  the  first  to  denounce  in  contemporary 
literature.    There  also  are  a  dwindling  few  who  go- 
all  lengths  in  depreciation.    Mr.  Collins  holds  the* 
balance  with  a  remarkably  steady  hand.   He  points- 
out   that    Byron   often   picked  up   thoughts   from 
his    predecessors.     For    example,   he    shows    that 
in  the  poem  entitled  '  Darkness '  he  was  indebted 
to  a  long-forgotten  novel  and  to  Dr.  Thomas  Bur- 
net's  *  Sacred  Theory  of  the  Earth '  for  some  striking, 
ideas.     It  has  often  been  said  that  '  The  Deformed. 
Transformed'  was  modelled  on  the  Faust  legend,, 
though  he  himself  pointed  out  that  the  plot  was- 
borrowed  from  a  novel  by  John  Pickersgill.    Byroni 
was  a  wide  reader.     There  is  probably  no  great 
poet  who  has  been   more    affected    by   influences- 
froro  the  outside.    We  must  be  careful,  however,, 
not  to  limit  his  powers  of  personal  observation. 
'  Our  Neglected  Monuments      is    a    paper    which- 
cannot  fail  to  do  some  amount   of  good,  though- 
we    fear    it  will    not   have   all    the    effect    to   be 
desired.     The  writer  sets  before  his  readers  how 
almost  every  civilized  country  takes  care  of  its- 
historic  monuments,  and  then    shows    how   very 
little  is  done  for  their  protection  in  Great  Britain,, 
and  gives  instances  of  the  wanton  destruction  that 
has  occurred  among  us  in  quite  recent  times.     To- 
these  might  have  been  added  the  Guesten  Hall  at 
Worcester,  which  was  swept  away  by  the  Dean  and 
Chapter  about  the  year  1860,  in  spite  of  the  urgent 
intervention  of    the  Archaeological  Institute  and 
many  private  persons  of  intelligence.     In  this  case- 
ignorance    and    parsimony    were    moving    causes, 
blended  with  others  of  even  less  .amiable  character. 
We  appreciate  highly  the  President  of  Trinity's- 
paper  on  the  early  Roman   emperors.     When  we- 
call  to  mind  how  difficult  it  is  to  estimate  the- 
character  of  men  engaged  in  political   life  whom, 
we  may  have  personally  known,  it   appears  im- 
possible to  make  a  fair  estimate  of  the  motives 
influencing  the  earlier   Csesars.     The  writer  has, 
however,  studied  the  subject  deeply.     Those  who- 
read  his  pages  cannot  fail  to  derive  benefit  from  them. 

BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUES. — MAY  (CONTINUED). 

Mr.  B.  H.  Blackwell,  of  Oxford,  has  a  fresh  list 
of  critical  editions  of  Latin  classical  authors.  He- 
also  promises  shortly  a  catalogue  of  the  third  and. 
final  portion  of  the  library  of  the  late  Prof.  York 
Powell. 

Mr.  Thomas  Carver,  of  Hereford,  has  a  number- 
of  interesting  books  on  Hereford.  Under  Orni— 


400 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io*  s.  in.  MAY  20,  iocs. 


thology  are  copies  of  Dixon's,  Eyton's,  Harting  s, 
and  Newton's  works,  and  the  miscellaneous  list  is 
good.  A  copy  of  Creighton's  '  Story  of  some  English 
Shires,'  1897,  is  priced  30s. 

The  Chaucer  Book  Company,  St.  Martin's  Court, 
"have  a  "  Rough  Short  List,"  which  includes  Hol- 
inshed,  1587,  81.  15s.;  Boydell's  'Shakespeare 
Prints,'  offered  in  sets  of  plays ;  and  a  first  edition 
of  '  Enoch  Arden,'  annotated  throughout  by  Dykes 
Campbell  from  the  proof-sheets. 

Mr.  James  Coleman,  of  Tottenham,  issues  another 
of  his  interesting  catalogues  of  manuscripts.  These 
include  early  court  and  rent  rolls,  deeds,  and 
charters.  Under  London  we  notice  a  deed  dated 
1639,  which  contains  quite  a  history  of  the  places 
round  St.  Giles's,  St.  Martin's,  Long  Acre,  Strand 
Lane,  Covent  Garden,  &c ,  the  price  being  10^.  10s. 
There  are  also  many  early  and  curious  Directories. 

Mr.  William  Downing,  of  Birmingham,  has  The 
Times  edition  of  the  'Encyclopaedia  Britannica,' 
•25  vols.,  half-morocco,  as  issued,  for  61.  (published  at 
40£.  2s.  6d.),  and  the  Supplement,  whole-bound  in 
morocco,  11  vols.,  121.  10s.  An  extra-illustrated 
copy  of  Granger's  'Biographical  History'  is  offered 
for  81.  8s.  ;  while  a  large  collection  of  old-fashioned 
novels,  202  vols.  in  all,  ranging  from  1780  to  1840,  is 
priced  at  31.  10s.  Other  items  include  Prideaux's 
'Bookbinders  and  their  Craft,'  large  paper,  61.  6s.  ; 
'Don  Quixote,'  Motteux's  translation,  4  vols.,  1879, 
.5;  5s.  (this  edition  was  limited  to  50  copies,  of 
which  this  is  No.  4);  Faber's  'Pagan  Idolatry,' 
3  vols.  4to,  1816,  scarce,  3^.  3s.  ;  Maund's  '  Botanic 
•Garden,'  12  vols.  4to,  1825,  very  scarce,  51.  5s.  ; 
Morgan's  'The  Sphere  of  Gentry,'  1661,  4£.  4s.  ;  and 
Nichols's  '  Literary  Anecdotes  and  Illustrations  of 
the  Literary  History  of  the  Eighteenth  Century,' 
17  vols.,  121.  12s.  Paul  Kruger's  memoirs,  published 
in  1902  at  32s.,  are  now  offered  for  5s. 

Messrs.  Galloway  &  Porter,  of  Cambridge,  have  a 
large  collection  under  Classics. 

Mr.  Charles  Higham  has  a  second  and  completing 
^part  of  "  A  Stock  Revision  Catalogue  of  Theological 
:and  Philosophical  Books." 

Mr.  H.  H.  Peach,  of  Leicester,  in  his  list  includes 
manuscripts  of  the  fourteenth  and  fifteenth  cen- 
turies, also  specimens  of  early  presses.  Under 
Bibliography  are  many  interesting  catalogues  ;  and 
there  are  items  under  James  II.  and  Mary,  Queen 
•of  Scots,  worth  noting. 

Mr.  William  Smith,  of  Reading,  has  a  fine  set  of 
Brayley  and  Britton,  31  vols.,  1801-18,  61.  6s.  ;  and 
a  copy  of  Wedmore's  '  Turner  and  Ruskin,'  edition 
<de  luxe,  lol.  151.  A  large  number  of  works  Trill  be 
found  under  Biography,  Napoleon,  and  the  French 
Revolution.  There  is  also  a  good  general  list. 

Mr.  Albert  Button,  of  Manchester,  has  a  catalogue 
•of  books  of  the  sixteenth,  seventeenth,  and  eigh- 
teenth centuries  removed  from  Cruckton  Hall, 
.near  Shrewsbury.  The  library  appears  to  have 
been  formed  mainly  by  Edward  and  Lucia  Harries, 
«,nd  most  of  the  books  bear  the  fine  bookplate  of 
Edward  Harries,  and  are  invariably  in  the  finest 
possible  condition.  Among  the  items  is  a  Chaucer, 
fclack  letter,  1687,  61.  6s.  Under  Angling  we  find 
'  Barker's  Delight,'  second  edition,  much  enlarged, 
12mo,  61.  6s.  There  is  a  copy  of  the  large-type 
edition  of  '  Hudibras,'  1793,  price  11.  15s.  (only 
•200  of  these  were  printed) ;  and  also  one  of  the 
third  edition  of  '  The  Anatomy  of  Melancholy,' 


1628,  price  31.  17s.  6tZ.  A  copy  of  '  Eikon  Basilike,' 
1648,  is  priced  31.  3s.  (this  edition  appears  to 
be  the  one  described  by  Mr.  Almack  as  "No.  5  "). 
There  are  a  number  of  old  books  on  Husbandry. 

Mr.  Wilfrid  M.  Voynich  issues  another  of  his 
Short  Catalogues,  full  of  rarities,  as  usual,  and  so 
well  classified  as  to  be  easy  of  reference.  Under 
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s.  in.  MAY  27,  INS.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


401 


LOXDON*  SATURDAY,  MAY  27.  1905. 


CONTENTS. -No.  74. 

NOTES  :— The  Convention  of  Royal  Burghs  of  Scotland, 
401— Zornlin  Family,  402— Mary  Masters,  404— "Dreary" 
— Macaulay's  Essay  on  dive— Ghost-Words,  405— Bray- 
ley's  '  Londiniana '  —  Byron  and  Moore  —  St.  Nicholas's, 
Hertford,  406. 

QUERIES  :— Philippina  :  Philopoena,  406  —  Badges— David 
Erskine— Wace  on  the  Battle  of  Hastings— Nunburnholme 
Priory,  407— Madame  Violante  in  Edinburgh— Hugo  de 
Burgh  —  Chemist  of  the  Future  — Thunder  Folk-lore  — 
Bonaparte  and  England  —  Lines  by  Whyte  Melville  — 
"I  sit  with  mv  feet  in  a  brook,"  408—"  Wrong  side  of  the 
bed"— Heraldic— Swedish  Royal  Family— "By  hook  or  by 
crook"— York  1517  and  1540— Beautiful  Miss  Gunnings, 
409. 

REPLIES  :-The  Van  Sypesteyn  Manuscripts,  409-Egyp- 
tian  Hall,  Piccadilly,  411 —  Spenser's  '  Kpithalamion  '— 
Queen's  Surname,  412— Guinea  Balances— Sarah  Curran, 
Kobert  Emmet,  and  Major  Sirr —  "  Vastern  "— Straw- 
Plaiting,  413-Goethe  and  Book-keeping-Copying  Press 
— Shacklewell— Antiquity  of  Japan,  414— Thomas  Cooper 
— English  Officials  under  Foreign  Governments— Diving- 
Bell  — Satan's  Autograph,  415  — All  Fools'  Day— Henry 
Travers— John  Butler,  M.P.-Polonius  and  Lord  Burleigh 
—Addition  to  Christian  Name,  416  — The  Wreck  of  the 
Wager  —  Lynde  :  Delalynde  —  Russian  and  Japanese : 
Official  and  Private  Communications,  417. 

JTOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— Madame  D'Arblay's  Diary  — Law- 
rence's 'Magic  of  the  Horseshoe '—Lee's  'Life  of  Shake- 
speare' —  Wessely's  'Pocket  French  Dictionary'  — 
•Rhymer's  Lexicon'  —  'Edinburgh  Review'  —  'Scottish 
Historical  Review.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


THE  CONVENTION  OF   ROYAL  BURGHS 
OF  SCOTLAND. 

THE  Convention  this  year  celebrated  the 
quincentenary  of  an  important  change  in  its 
constitution.  In  1405  the  Court  of  the  Four 
Burghs  ordered  that  its  sphere  of  operations 
should  be  considerably  widened,  and  with 
this  end  in  view  it  was  decreed 
"  that  Commissioners  from  every  one  of  the  other 
King's  Burghs  on  the  south  side  of  the  water  of 
gpey,  properly  authorized,  should  appear  yearly  at 
the  Convention  of  the  Four  Burghs,  there  to  treat, 
ordain,  and  determine  upon  all  things  concerning 
the  utility  of  the  common  weal  of  all  the  King's 
Burghs,  their  liberties  and  Court." 

Those  burghs  created  by  charter  held 
burgage  of  the  sovereign,  and  were  called 
Royal  Burghs.  In  more  ancient  times  rents 
were  paid  for  the  houses  and  lands  to  the 
collectors  of  the  revenue.  Afterwards  an 
alteration  was  made,  and  instead  of  a  direct 
payment  to  the  Exchequer,  accounting  had 
to  be  made  to  the  Corporation,  who  farmed 
out  the  possessions,  and  paid  for  that  sum  an 
annual  payment  to  the  governing  authorities. 
The  burghs  of  Scotland  answered  for  a  pro- 
portion, together  with  the  other  vassals  of 
the  Crown,  of  all  general  national  taxations, 
and  consequently  they  were  summoned  at  an 


early  period  by  commissioners  or  representa- 
tives in  the  Parliament  of  that  kingdom, 
which  consisted  of  three  estates — the  clergy, 
the  barons,  and  the  burgesses.  Of  these  the 
barons  were  only  amenable  to  the  King's 
Chief  Justice,  termed  the  Justiciar,  who  held 
courts  in  Scotland  called  Justice  Airs.  The 
burghs  were  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the 
Lord  Chamberlain,  who  was  responsible  for 
furnishing  the  necessaries  for  the  person  and 
family  of  the  sovereign.  These  articles  were 
got  from  the  traders  of  the  burghs,  and  it 
can  be  easily  understood  that  in  course  of 
time  this  official,  from  his  high  position, 
gradually  began  to  exercise  considerable 
judicial  powers  in  the  burghs.  Periodically, 
by  himself  or  deputy,  he  held  circuits  or 
assizes,  and,  aided  by  an  inquest  or  jury, 
settled  all  differences.  The  courts  thus  held 
were  called  Chamberlain  Airs.  In  its  internal 
administration  every  burgh  was  entitled  to 
hold  courts,  and  exercise  jurisdiction  over  its 
burgesses,  in  the  same  way  as  the  sheriff  did 
in  the  county.  In  the  latter  any  appeal  was 
to  the  Justiciar  or  Lord  Chief  Justice,  while 
in  the  former  it  was  to  the  Lord  Chamberlain 
in  his  great  Court  of  Four  Burghs,  so  termed 
from  its  being  composed  of  commissioners 
from  the  four  chief  towns  of  the  kingdom, 
and  the  judgments  were  held  to  be  of  equal 
force  to  those  given  in  Parliament. 

Abuses  began  to  creep  into  the  working 
of  the  Court  of  the  Chamberlain  Air,  the 
members  composing  it  showing  a  disposition 
to  nurture  their  own  interests  as  far  as 
possible,  and  conscious  of  the  instability  of 
their  positions,  they  took  every  opportunity 
of  adding  to  their  gains.  A  crisis  was 
reached,  and  Parliament  made  the  following 
request  to  James  II.  for  relief  : — 

"  Anent  the  reformation  of  Chamberlain  Airs,  be 
the  quhilk  all  the  estates,  and  especially  the  pure 
Commonis,  are  greatly  grevit,  the  Lordis,  in  the 
name  of  the  three  estates,  exhortis  oure  Soverane 
Lord,  as  it  pleis  him,  with  the  said  counsal  of  the 
three  estates  beand  now  present,  to  have  pitie  and 
consideration  of  the  mony  and  greit  inconuenientis 
that  fallis  upone  his  pure  leeges  thairthrow,  and  of 
his  grace  to  prouyde  suddane  remeid,  aud  reforma- 
tion thereof." 

The  appeal  to  Caesar  was  nob  in  vain. 
Gradually  the  powers  of  the  Court  were 
diminished,  as  far  as  the  position  of  the 
Chamberlain  was  concerned.  Then  was 
exemplified  the  truth  of  the  proverb,  "111 
blows  the  wind  that  profits  nobody."  From 
that  date  the  Court  of  the  Four  Burghs  grew 
in  importance,  which  culminated  in  the 
changes  indicated  in  the  opening  paragraph. 
For  many  years  the  Convention,  or,  as  it 
was  called  as  late  as  1500,  "  the  Parliament 


402 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io»  s.  m.  MAY  27, 1905. 


of  the  Four  Burghs,"  continued  to  grow  in 
importance.  The  concerns  of  the  national 
trade  and  commerce  of  Scotland  were  con- 
ducted by  it ;  treaties  and  contracts  with 
foreign  countries  were  concerted.  Disputes 
between  burghs  or  different  towns  respecting 
rights  or  privileges,  and  between  the  bur- 
gesses and  their  own  magistrates,  were 
adjudicated  upon  by  the  Convention.  The 
powers  were  exercised  under  a  system  of 
rules  dictated  by  experience.  But  it  can  be 
supposed  that  at  times  those  composing  the 
electorate  were  inclined  to  get  a  little  out  of 
hand.  In  1496  an  Act  was  passed  in  the 
Parliament  of  Scotland  to  this  effect : — 

"Item  touching  the  election  of  Officiares  in  Bur- 
rowes,  as  Aldermen,  Baillies,  and  other  Officiares, 
because  of  great  contention  zeirly  for  the  chusing 
of  the  samen,  throiv  multitude,  and  clamour  of  com- 
mounes,  simple  personnes:  It  is  thought  expedient 
that  na  Officiares  nor  Councel  be  continued  after  the 
Kingis  lawes  of  Burrowes  further  than  an  zeir,  and 
that  the  chusing  of  new  Officiares  be  in  this  wise : 
That  is  to  say,  the  Auld  Councel  of  the  Towne, 
and  the  New  Councel  and  the  Auld  in  the  zeir 
aforesaid,  sail  chuse  all  Officers  perteining  to  the 
town,  as  Aldermen,  Baillies.  Dean  of  Gild,  and 
other  Officiares  ;  and  that  ilk  craft  sail  chuse  a 
person  of  the  samin  craft,  that  sail  have  voit  in 
the  saide  electioun  of  Officiares  for  the  time,  in 
likewise  zeir  by  zeir.  And  attour,  it  is  thought 
expedient  that  na  Captaine,  nor  Constable  of  the 
King's  Castelles,  quhat  town  that  ever  they  be  in, 
sail  bear  office  within  the  said  town  as  to  be  Alder- 
man, Baillie,  Dean  of  Gild,  Treasurer,  nor  nane 
uther  officer  that  may  be  chosen  to  be  the  town, 
fra  the  time  of  the  next  chusing  foorth." 

Sometimes  it  was  found  that  the  Conven- 
tion went  a  little  beyond  their  powers,  and 
on  such  occasions  the  Crown  was  not  slow 
to  exercise  the  royal  prerogative.  From  an 
entry  in  the  documents  it  is  found  that 
"  the  Commissioners  having  in  their  last  Conven- 
tion at  Linlithgu  (1600),  without  warrant  or  autho- 
rity, made  an  Act  forbidding  the  exporting  of  wool 
under  a  penalty  of  500  merks,  thus  not  only  usurping 
the  royal  authority  in  passing  laws,  but  prejudging 
His  Majesty  in  His  Customs,  seeing  for  feir  of  the 
said  Act  the  merchantis  hes  foirborne  totransporte 
oney  woll,  His  Majesty  now  with  advice  of  his 
Council  annuls  and  discharges  the  said  pretended 
Act," 

On  the  other  hand,  royalty  was  not  slow 
in  lending  a  helping  hand  when  occasion 
required.  In  1600  the  burgh  of  Dumbarton 
received  from  the  king  a  letter  under  the 
Privy  Seal  granting  the  provost  and  bailies 
permission,  for  the  "  saulftie  and  preserva- 
tioun  of  the  said  burgh  fra  the  inundatioun  of 
the  watteris,"  to  make  the  following  taxes, 
viz. : — 

"On  every  cow,  ox,  mair,  horse,  or  staig,  passing 
through  the  liberty  of  the  town  to  any  market,  8d.  ; 
from  every  merchant  attending  the  Lammas  Fair 
and  Patrickmas  Fair  in  the  burgh,  and  keeping  a 


booth  within  the  same,  29.  6d. ;  from  ilk  claithman, 
smythis,  and  utheris  standing  upoun  the  common 
calsayis  of  the  said  burgh,  having  geir  to  sell,  I2d.  ; 
from  each  craine  standing  upoun  the  calsay  Qd.  ; 
of  each  boat  passing  through  their  river  with 
timber  and  bark  to  any  markets  in  or  out  of  burgh, 
3s.  4d.  each  time ;  of  every  boll  of  bark  sold  in  the 
said  market  6d.  ;  of  every  ship,  barque,  or  crear 
coming  from  foreign  places,  or  from  the  Isles  to  the 
said  burgh,  thus — a  ship  above  50  tons  13s.  id., 
barque  above  20  tons  6*.  8d.,  crear  above  five  tons 
3s.  4cd.,  the  goods  to  pay  two-thirds  and  the  vesstl 
one-third  ;  for  each  couper  boat  of  herring  3s.  id. 
once  in  the  year." 

This  impost  ran  for  seven  years,  and  on  its 
expiry  the  Convention  endorsed  a  fresh 
application  for  nineteen  years,  and  this  was 
granted  by  the  Council. 

James  II.  promulgated  an  edict  enjoining 
the  wearing,  by  provosts  and  other  repre- 
sentatives, of  black  gowns,  "with  some  grave 
kynd  of  furring,1'  at  their  meetings,  but  par- 
ticularly in  the  "  Conventionis  of  thair  bur- 
rows," when  they  were  chosen  representatives. 
The  gowns  were  to  be  after  the  style  of 
"  burgessis  and  citizenis  gowns,"  and  to  be 
worn  by  them  "as  most  comelie  and  decent- 
for  thame,  and  thair  estate."  In  order  that 
some  distinction  should  be  observable  'twixt 
those  of  high  and  low  degree,  the  representa- 
tives of  the  "principall  grite  burrowis  of  the 
realme"  were  instructed  to  substitute  for  the 
black,  "  gownis  of  reid  scarlatt  cloathe,  with 
f  urringis  agreeable  to  the  same."  In  addition 
the  Provost  of  Edinburgh  was  to  adorn  him- 
self with  a  "grite  gold  chayne"  at  all  times- 
of  Parliament  and  Convention  sittings.  In 
this  wise  the  garment  was  to  hide  other 
deficiencies.  J.  LINDSAY  HILSON. 

Public  Library,  Jedburgh. 

(To  be  continued.) 


ZORNLIN   FAMILY. 

MY  reason  for  obtaining  particulars  of  this- 
family  was  in  consequence  of  the  anonyma 
(9th  S.  ii.  323)  they  had  published.  I  give  the 
titles  of  five.  Originally  an  alien  family,  they 
prospered  in  England,  but  are  now  extinct,, 
though  there  are  still  families  connected  with 
them  who  will  be  interested  in  this  note. 

The  Zorne  family  in  the  thirteenth  century 
ranked  among  the  aristocracy  of  Strass- 
burg.  Internal  dissensions  arose  among  the 
several  branches,  and  they  assumed  various- 
affixes  to  the  name  of  Zprne  and  difference* 
their  armorial  bearings.  The  Zornlin 
branch  emigrated  towards  the  close  of  the 
fifteenth  century  to  St.  Gall,  where  John 
Jacob  Zornlin  was  born  26  May,  1677.  He 
married  Martha  Weguelin  23  June,.  1702, 
beld  the  office  of  Stadt  Schreiber,  and  died! 
18  October,  1722. 


io'»  s.  in.  MAY  27, 1905.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


40S 


He  had  a  son,  also  John  Jacob,  born 
16/27  October,  1712,  who  came  over  to  Eng- 
land and  settled  as  a  merchant  in  the  City  of 
London  about  the  year  1740  in  partnership 
with  John  Rudolph  Battier,  of  Basle,  whose 
daughter  Susanna  Maria  he  married  on 
13/24  June,  1752.  Zornlin  was  naturalized, 
at  least  it  is  presumed  so,  as  he  purchased 
a  freehold  house,  15,  Devonshire  Square, 
Bishopsgate,  which  was  held  by  the  family 
until  the  year  1870.  He  died  in  London, 
15  February,  1784,  and  was  buried  in 
St.  Botolph's,  Bishopsgate. 

Those  were  the  days  when  City  men  lived 
in  the  City,  and  accordingly  the  only  son  of 
the  above,  also  John  Jacob,  was  born  5  May, 
1759,  in  his  father's  house,  15,  Devonshire 
Square.  He  was  married  at  St.  Mary's, 
Newington,  Surrey,  on  16  June,  1787,  to 
Elizabeth  Alsager,  sister  of  T.  M.  Alsager,  of 
The  Times.  She  was  born  1  May,  1770,  and 
died  22  June,  1851  (Gentleman's  Magazine, 
August,  p.  221) ;  her  husband  died  at  Clapham, 
14  August,  1844,  and  both  were  buried  at 
St.  Mary's,  Newington  Butts. 

The  partnership  of  Battier  &  Zornlin  was 
dissolved  in  1799,  and  Mr.  Zornlin  subse- 
quently entered  into  partnership  with  his 
nephew  Edward  Jourdan,  who  on  6  June, 
1812,  married  his  eldest  daughter  Elizabeth 
(born  24  October,  1788).  Their  youngest 
daughter,  Beatrice  Alsager  Jourdan,  wrote  a 
number  of  tales;  titles  of  six  (from  1866  to 
1880)  will  be  found  in  the  B.M.  Catalogue. 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  Zornlin  wrote  poetical 
pieces,  some  of  which  were  published  in  the 
Young  Lady's  and  Gentleman's  Magazine 
(1798-9),  and  it  is  believed  some  anonymous 
pieces  besides  the  following  : — 

1.  An   ode    on   the   victory  and  death   of   Lord 
Viscount  Nelson  off  Trafalgar,   October  21,   1805 
[motto].  London,  Boosey,  price  2-$.* 

There  is  also  an  engraved  title-page  thus  :— 

An  ode  [&c.]  to  which  are  added  lines,  addressed 
to  him  after  the  celebrated  battle  of  the  Nile,  by  a 
lady  [Mrs.  Zornlin  ;  here  is  an  engraved  portrait  of 
Nelson  signed  C.  B.].  London,  1805,  8vo,  pp.  16. 

2.  The  Balrenic  games  ;  or,  the  whale's  jubilee,  by 
Mrs.  Linzorn.     London,  printed  by  and  for  Darton 
&  Harvey,  1808.     16mo. 

I  have  not  seen  this,  but  I  have  the  title 
which  Miss  Zornlin  copied  in  facsimile  and 
sent  me. 

Rosina  Maria  Zornlin,  the  second  daughter 
of  the  above,  was  born  at  Walthamstow, 
Essex,  6  December,  1795.  An  invalid  during 


*  I  have  this  pamphlet :  the  '  Bibliotheca  Cornu- 
biensis,'  by  Boase  and  Courtney,  say.s  the  '  Ode '  is 
by  the  Rev.  W.  Tremenheere, 


the  greater  part  of  her  life,  her  pen  was  a* 
source  of  great  solace  to  her. 

A  number  of  her  publications  are  recorded* 
in  the  B.M.  Catalogue.  They  were  all  of  a 
useful  and  educational  tendency;  most  of 
them  passed  through  several  editions.  She 
died  at  Kenilworth,  22  May,  1859,  and  was 
buried  there  (see  Boase,  '  M.E.B.'). 

As  it  was  anonymous  I  may  mention  her 
'Bible  Narrative,'  London,  J.  W.  Parker,  1838,. 
a  laborious  work  of  584  octavo  pages,  subse- 
quently published  with  her  name.  '  Questions- 
on  the  Bible  Narrative,'  London,  B.  Fellowes,. 
1844,  were  published,  pp.  68. 

The  dedication  to  the  Bishop  of  Winchester- 
is  dated  from  Clapham.  It  had  several 
editions  afterwards  with  her  name,  and  wag- 
adopted  as  a  class-book  in  the  Shrewsbury 
and  other  schools. 

Though  against  her  inclinations,  at  the 
request  of  Mr.  J.  W.  Parker,  of  West  Strand,, 
she  "abridged  and  modernized"  'Sandford 
and  Merton.'  It  was, according  to  'The  Eng- 
lish Catalogue,'  which  gives  her  name,  pub- 
lished in  1853.  Whether  her  name  was  on  it 
I  cannot  say.  Another  abridged  'Sandford 
and  Merton'  was  published  by  T.  H.  Keble 
(1853),  and  a  copy  is  in  the  B.M. 

Georgiana  Margaritta  Zornlin,  daughter 
of  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Zornlin,  born  in  London,. 
29  May,  1800,  was  the  last  representative  of 
the  family.  This  lady  was  an  occasional 
correspondent  of  'N.  &  Q.'  under  the  sig- 
nature of  Z.  Z.  She  is  author  of  a  pamphlet 
entitled — 

1.  A  paper  lantern  for  Puseyites.  London,  Smith- 
&  Elder,  1842. 

I  have  never  seen  this ;    it  was    probably 
pseudonymous. 

2.  Urim    and    Thummim,    an    inquiry    [motto]. 
London,    Shaw,    Paternoster    Row,    1860.      16mo, 
pp.   31,   with    a    plate  and  illustrations. — Preface 
signed  A.  Z.  (that  is,  Alsager  Zorulin  and  Aleph 
Zain). 

3.  The  heraldry  of  the  world,  observations  on  the 
universality  and    antiquity  of   the  seal,  by  Miss 
Zornlin.    Read  before  the  Winchester  and  Hamp- 
shire Scientific  and  Literary  Society,  April  21,  1874 
[a  mistake  for  1873].  Winchester,  1874.   8vo,  pp.  11, 
and  six  plates  with  forty-two  figures. 

She  wrote  me  :  "  Archaeology  is  my  favour- 
ite pursuit,  and  I  have  some  time  since  occa- 
sionally ventured  on  theories  on  this  subject 
that  in  many  instances  I  should  now  discard." 

C.  W.  S.'s  query  (ante,  p.  49)  for  the  author 
of  'The  British  Code  of  Duel'  has  made 
me  look  back  into  the  past.  I  have  been 
referring  to  'N.  &  Q.'  of  over  thirty  years 
ago,  and  the  reflection  naturally  comes  to 
one.  "  What  an  immense  amount  of  good 
work  has  'N.  &  Q.'  produced  and  fostered  ! 


404 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     no*  s.  m.  MAY  27, 1905. 


and  what  hundreds  of  things  once  in  doubt 
have  been  set  at  rest ! "  I  see  in  5th  S.  ii.  269  I 
asked  Z.  Z.  for  information  about  the  Zornlin 
family.  She  gave  it  to  me,  and  it  has  been 
lying  by  since  1874.  I  hope  now  that  it  will 
be  of  interest.  It  is  an  accurate  record  of 
the  other  of  the  two  "  alien "  families  now 
extinct  referred  to  ante,  p.  192. 

When  in  1874  I  heard  from  Miss  G.  M. 
Zornlin  she  was  living  at  11,  Clifton  Terrace, 
Winchester.  The  last  time  I  find  Z.  Z.  in 
'N.  &  Q.3  is  August,  1880.  Her  name  no 
longer  appeared  in  the  '  P.O.D.'  for  Win- 
chester in  1885. 

She  was  most  reluctant  to  give  any  par- 
ticulars about  herself.  What  I  got  was  drawn 
out  by  degrees,  and  even  that  I  believe  was 
only  obtained  through  the  halo  cast  about 
me  from  being  afellow-contributor  to'N.  &Q.' 
ME.  CHARLES  MASON  will  be  interested  to  hear 
that  one  of  those  delightfully  accurate  pieces 
of  biography  he  used  frequently  to  contribute 
to  '  N.  &  Q.'  did  not  meet  with  her  approval. 
In  her  first  letter  she  says  : — 

"Miss  Zornlin  presents  her  compliments  to  Olphar 
Hamst,  and  encloses  an  account  of  her  family.  At 
fhe  same  time  she  desires  to  say  that  she  does  not 
approve  of  the  principle  of  making  public  inquiries 
into  the  details  of  private  families,  as  in  the  answer 
«ent  by  Mr.  Mason  relative  to  the  Jourdan  family." 

Another  reason  for  family  objection  is  that 
families  always  desire  to  conceal  just  what 
the  public  wish  to  know. 

Miss  Zornlin  also  sent  me  a  beautifully 
•designed  and  well-engraved  book-plate  (now 
before  me)  of  the  eighteenth  century,  with 
the  motto  at  the  top,  "fai-bien  ;  crain-rien," 
•one  on  which  all  may  faithfully  rely,  I  am 
sure— if  coupled  with  good  health.  Under- 
neath is  the  name  "  J.  J.  Zornlin."  She 
•writes  : — 

"  As  to  the  description  of  the  Zornlin  arms,  I  will 
do  my  best:  Or,  two  bars  (or  barbels)  counter 
salient  proper.  At  the  base  is  a  charge  I  have 
often  seen  in  foreign  heraldry,  which  the  English 
engraver  has  twisted  into  seven  loaves  and  fishes. 
I  believe  the  embowed  arm  [and  hand  holding  a 
iish]  to  be  meant  for  St.  Peter's  arm.  I  have  a 
cabalistic  medal  with  the  head  of  Christ  on  one 
side  and  a  badly  executed  Hebrew  legend  on  the 
other.  The  type  is  well  known  as  a  pious  fraud  in 
the  Middle  Ages,  said  to  be  the  piece  01  money  taken 
out  of  the  mouth  of  the  fish  for  tribute.  This  one 
has  been  in  the  Zornlin  family  time  immemorial, 
-and  I  suspect  it  has  something  in  connexion  with 
the  crest.  My  father  never  would  have  the  arms 
registered  at  the  Heralds'  College,  for  he  considered 
them  as  older  than  the  College,  and  to  have  entered 
them  there  would  have  constitxited  a  grant  of 
arms." 

Her  description  has  been  checked  by  an 
expert  and  found  to  be  accurate. 
If  any  excuse  were  necessary  for  so  long  a 


note,  I  would  make  it  in  the  words  of  Godwin 
in  his  'Memoirs  of  Mary  Wollstonecraf  t ' 
(1798,  p.  2)  :— 

"Every  benefactor  of  mankind  is  more  or  less 
influenced  by  a  liberal  passion  for  fame ;  and  sur- 
vivors only  pay  a  debt  to  these  benefactors,  when 
they  assert  and  establish  on  their  part  the  honour 
they  loved." 

RALPH  THOMAS. 


MARY  MASTERS.— Francis  Barber,  the  negro 
servant  of  Dr.  Johnson,  included  in  the  list 
of  the  doctor's  friends  at  the  date  of  his  wife's 
death  "Mrs.  Masters,  the  poetess  who  lived 
with  Mr.  Cave."  Mrs.  Gardiner,  the  tallow- 
chandler's  wife,  of  Snow  Hill,  one  of  his 
oldest  friends,  was  introduced  to  him,  says 
Boswell,  "  by  Mrs.  Masters,  the  poetess,  whose 
volumes  he  revised  and,  it  is  said,  illuminated 
here  and  there  with  a  ray  of  his  own  genius." 
The  latter  passage  produced  a  query  and 
some  answers  in  7th  S.  x. 

Her  first  volume  was  entitled  "Poems  on 
Several  Occasions.  By  Mary  Masters.  Lon- 
don, printed  by  T.  Browne  in  Bartholomew- 
Close  _for  the  Author.  MDCCXXXIII.,"  and  the 
copy  in  the  British  Museum  has  the  inscrip- 
tion "E  Libris  Elizse  Carter  e  dono  autricis," 
by  whom  it  was  given  to  her  nephew,  Montagu 
Pennington.  An  interesting  preface  says  : — 

"The  author  of  the  following  poems  never  read  a 
treatise  of  rhetorick  or  an  art  of  Poetry,  nor  was 
ever  taught  her  English  grammar.  Her  education 
rose  no  higher  than  the  spelling  book  or  the  writing 
master :  her  genius  to  poetry  was  always  brow-beat 
and  discountenanc'd  by  her  parents,  and  till  her 
merit  got  the  better  of  her  fortune,  she  was  shut 
out  from  all  commerce  with  the  more  knowing  and 
polite  part  of  the  world." 

A  friend  revised  the  grammar  of  her  work, 
probably  Thomas  Scott,  of  Ipswich,  who  con- 
tributed several  poetical  pieces ;  and  many 
subscribers— chiefly  from  Norfolk,  Suffolk, 
and  the  neighbourhood  of  Otley,  in  York- 
shire—patronized it.  A  local  piece,  called 
'A  Journey  from  Otley  to  Wakefield,'  occu- 
pies pp.  140-4. 

The  second  work  was  "Familiar  Letters 
and  Poems  on  Several  Occasions.  By  Mary 
Masters.  London,  printed  for  the  author  by 
D.  Henry  &  E.  Cave.  MDCCLV."  The  sub- 
scription to  the  first  work  had  increased  her 
little  stock  of  money  beyond  her  merit, 
and  she  "for  a  while  lived  contented  and 
quiet,  but  the  death  of  some  friends  and 
treachery  of  others  rendered  the  situation 
very  inconvenient  and  uncomfortable."  She 
was  now  seeking  another  subscription.  The 
subscribers  to  this  volume  are  mostly  from 
the  eastern  counties,  but  a  few  come  from 
Yorkshire,  and  the  list  includes  Dr.  Thomas 


io*s.  in.  MAY  27.  i9o&]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Birch ;    Miss    Carter,    of    Deal ;    Mr.    John 
Hawksworth,  author  of   'The   Adventurer'; 
Mr.  Samuel  Johnson,  A.M.,  author  of  'The 
Rambler,'  <fcc. ;  Mr.  Sam.  Richardson,  author 
of  'Pamela,'  ' Clarissa,' and  'Sir  Cha.  Grandi- 
son '  (4  books).     The  circumstances    under 
which  she  obtained  the  subscribers   to  her 
first  volume  are  set  out  on  pp.  113-15. 
The  short  ejaculations  (pp.  228-9), 
"Tis  religion  that  can  give 
Sweetest  pleasures  while  we  live, 

are  adopted  in  most  hymnals,  but  with  the 
additions  and  in  the  form  given  in  Rippon's 
selection  (Julian,  '  Diet,  of  Hymnology  ')• 

Some  information  about  her  is  given  by 
Samuel  Pegge,  with  whom  she  lived  at  the 
rectory  of  Whittington,  in  Derbyshire,  from 
1755  until  April,  1757,  when,  as  he  judged, 
she  was  about  sixty-three  years  of  age.  Her 
father  was  a  petty  schoolmaster  at  Norwich, 
"  greatly  averse  to  her  learning  Latin."  She 
possessed  "a  vast  memory  witli  a  good  ear, 
so  that  her  poetry  is  in  general  easy  and 
smooth."  Isaac  DTsraeli  remarked  that  "  her 
poems  appeared  to  be  the  usual  echo  of 
Pope's,  when  Pope  reigned  alone"  ('Croker 
Papers,'  ii.  42).  The  narrowness  of  her  means, 
says  Pegge,  compelled  her  to  depend  much 
upon  her  friends,  but,  according  to  her 
ability,  she  was  liberal  and  generous.  With 
a  cheerful  disposition,  she  was  "  a  good  com- 
panion, a  sincere,  conscientious,  good  woman." 

Croker,  in  a  note  to  his  edition  of  Boswell 
(sub  anno  1753),  writes,  "  She  is  supposed  to 
have  died  about  1759."  This  statement  pro- 
bably had  its  origin  in  the  entry  in  The 
Gentleman's  Magazine  for  that  year  that  Mrs. 
Masters  died  at  Brook,  in  Kent,  on  27  Sep- 
tember ;  but  there  is  no  authority  for  iden- 
tifying this  lady  with  the  poetess.  Pegge 
states  that  she  died  in  June,  1771  ('Anony- 
miana,'  1818  ed.,  cent.  ix.  89).  MR.  ALBERT 
HARTSHORNE  wrote  (7th  S.  x.)  that  he  had  in 
his  possession  several  letters  written  by  her 
to  his  great-grandmother  Barbara  Kerrich 
from  Norwich  betsveen  Sept.,  1749,  and  Jan., 
1752.  They  have  much  local  interest. 

W.  P.  COURTNEY. 

"DREARY." -In  'H.E.D.'  the  modern  sense 
"  sad,  doleful,"  is  said  to  be  derived  from  an 
older  sense,  "  gory,  bloody."  This  is  not  very 
satisfactory.  It  is  quite  clear  that  a  "gory" 
face  is  a  very  different  object  from  a  "dreary" 
face.  This  account  of  the  sense-development 
of  the  modern  word  "dreary"  is  based  on 
the  fact  that  in  O.E.  there  is  a  dreorig  mean- 
ing "gory,"  and  a  dreorig  meaning  "sad, 
doleful."  In  sense  -  development  these  two 
words  are  only  remotely  connected  with  one 


another.  They  are  from  the  same  verbal 
root,  namely,  dreus,  "to  fall,  drop,1'  but  O.E. 
dreorig,  "gory"  (from  dreor,  "gore"),  is  de- 
rived from  a  specialized  sense  of  the  root, 
namely,  to  drip,  whereas  O.E.  dreorig,  "sad  " 
(E.  dreary),  comes  from  the  older  sense,  to 
fall,  and  was  used  properly  of  one  whose 
spirit  sinks,  or  who  is  crest-fallen.  In  the 
same  way  it  may  be  shown  that  G.  traurig-^ 
"sad,"  is  only  remotely  connected  with  O.H.G. 
tror,  "gore/'  being  ultimately  referred  to  the- 
same  verbal  root.  And  it  may  be  noted  that 
the  old  German  word  tror  does  not  only  mean 
"gore,"  but  "anything  that  drips  or  falls- 
in  drops."  In  the  '  Rolandslied '  the  word  is 
used  of  the  divine  moisture  which  fell  as  a 
refreshing  dew,  cooling  and  restoring  the  hob 
and  weary  Carlings. 

On  the  connexion  between  the  old  German 
words  tror  and  trurag  (mod.  G.  traurig)  see, 
Schade's  'Dictionary.'  A.  L.  MAYHEW. 

MACAULAY'S  ESSAY  ON  CLIVE.  —  Macaulay 
in  his  essay  on  Lord  Clive  has  inadvertently 
made  a  topographical  error  with  regard  to 
the  battle  of  Plassey.  He  says  : — 

"  Clive  advanced  to  Kossimbazar,  and  the  Nabob 
with  a  mighty  force  lay  a  few  miles  off  at  Plassey. 
It  was  no  light  thing  to  engage  a  force  twenty  times 
as  numerous  as  his  own.  Before  him  lay  a  river, 
over  which,  if  things  went  ill,  not  one  of  his  little 
band  could  ever  return." 

As  Kossimbazar  and  Plassey  are  both  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Hugli,  there  could  be  no 
river  to  cross.  Kutwah,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Hugli,  opposite  Plassey,  is  the  town 
Macaulay  should  have  named,  not  Kossim- 
bazar. 

Thornton,  in  his  l  History  of  British  India,* 
writes : — 

"  The  British  force  on  the  17th  June  took  pos- 
session of  the  town  of  Kutwah  ;  Suraj-oo-Dowlah 
had  assembled  his  force  at  Plassey :  the  Hugli 
flowed  between  the  two  armies,  and  to  cross  was  to 
provoke  an  engagement." 

Clive  in  his  evidence  before  the  Select  Com- 
mittee of  the  Court  of  Directors  said  : — 

"After  twenty-four  hours'  consideration,  he  took 
upon  himself  to  break  through  the  opinion  of  the 
Council,  and  ordered  the  army  to  cross  the  river." 

On  23  June  the  battle  of  Plassey  was 
fought  and  won.  JAMES  WATSON. 

Folkestone. 

GHOST- WORDS.  (See  9th  S.  ii.  341,  406,  485; 
Hi.  2,  205,  304.)  — In  1st  S.  x.  337,  among 
extracts  from  parish  registers,  chiefly  of 
Braintree,  occurs  this  item,  dated  1574  r 
"Received  for  six  almanvyvets  22s.,"  and  the 
interpretation  is  subjoined,  "  Qy.  German, 
music-books  1 " 


408 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io*  s.  m.  MAY  27,  IMS. 


I  strongly  suspect  that  the  word  in  the 
•original  had  an  r  in  the  place  of  the  first  v, 
and  that  it  referred  to  pieces  of  parish  armour, 
•a  certain  make  of  which  was  commonly  at 
that  period  described  as  *'  Almain  rivets" — 
-variously  spelt.  ETHEL  LEGA-WEEKES. 

BRAYLEY'S  '  LONDINIANA.'— The  following 
cutting  from  the '  Books  and  Authors  '  column 
•of  The  Morning  Post,  for  28  April  deserves, 
perhaps,  to  be  rescued  from  unindexed 
obscurity  : — 

"A  rather  remarkable  instance  of  the  abundant 
•dangers  of  careless  reading  is  afforded  by  the  re- 
•ference  to  Admiral  Vernon  in  that  well-known 
•antiquarian  work  Brayley's  'Londiniana.'  The 
-author  was  evidently  an  admirer  of  the  poetry  of 
his  contemporary,  Lord  Byron,  some  of  whose 
remarks  on  London  in  'Don  Juan'  are  quoted  on 
the  title-page,  and  lie  speaks  of  'Admiral  Vernon, 
•whom  Lord  Byron  in  the  opening  canto  of  "  Don 
•Juan  "  has  stigmatised  as  "  the  butcher."  '  Anyone 
who  turns  to  the  second  stanza  of  that  canto  will 
see,  of  course,  that  it  was  the  Duke  of  Cumberland, 
and  not  the  hero  of  Porto  Bello,  who  there,  as  so 
often  elsewhere,  bears  the  epithet." 

The  "remarks  on  London  "  which  Brayley 
quotes  on  the  title-page  of  his  second  volume 
consist   of  the  lines  in  stanza  vii.  canto  xi. 
of  '  Don  Juan,'  beginning  and  ending 
—  The  man  who  has  stood  on  the  Acropolis 

May  not  think  much  of  London's  first  appearance — 
But  ask  him  what  lie  thinks  of  it  a  year  hence  ? 

Brayley's  book,  as  is  well  known,  consists 
of  four  volumes,  each  of  which  has  a  different 
quotation  on  the  title-page.  At  p.  45  of  the 
second  volume  occurs  the  passage  about 
Admiral  Vernon  referred  to  by  the  writer  in 
The  Morning  Post,  and  the  curious  mis- 
application of  Byron's  words  leads  one  to 
.ask  whether  in  some  edition  of  '  Don  Juan ' 
the  first  line  in  stanza  ii.  of  the  opening 
«anto  may  not  be  misprinted 
Vernon  the  butcher,  Cumberland,  Wolfe,  Hawke. 
The  transposition  of  a  comma  would  have 
the  effect  of  transferring  the  epithet  from 
one  hero  to  the  other.  W.  F.  PRIDEATJX. 

BYRON  AND  MOORE.— An  interesting  case 
of  parallelism,  in  which  the  influence  of  the 
minor  on  the  major  intellect  is  probably 
illustrated,  seems  worth  noting  with  reference 
to  a  familiar  passage  in  Moore  and  the  ex- 
pression of  a  grievance  in  one  of  Byron's 
letters.  Writing  on  2  July,  1819,  to  Mr. 
Hoppner,  the  British  Consul  -  General  at 
Tenice,  Byron  alludes  thus  to  his  fears  and 
anxieties  about  the  health  of  the  Countess 
Guiccioli : — 

"  1  greatly  fear  that  the  Guiccioli  is  going  into  a 
consumption,  to  which  her  constitution  tends. 


Thus  it  is  with  everything  and  everybody  for  whom 
I  feel  anything  like  a  real  attachment :  '  War, 
death,  or  discord,  doth  lay  siege  to  them.'  I  never 
even  could  keep  alive  a  dog  that  I  liked  or  that 
liked  me." 

In  a  letter  to  John  Murray,  written  in  Sep- 
tember, 1817,  the  noble  poet  said  he  had  been 
looking  into  the  '  Lalla  Rookh  '  volume,  and 
considered  '  The  Fire  Worshippers '  the  most 
valuable  of  its  features.  It  is  in  this  poem, 
it  will  be  remembered,  that  Moore  reflects  as 
follows  : — 

Oh,  ever  thus,  from  childhood's  hour, 
I  've  seen  my  fondest  hopes  decay  ; 

I  never  loved  a  tree  or  flower, 
But  'twas  the  first  to  fade  away. 

I  never  nursed  a  dear  gazelle, 

To  glad  me  with  its  soft  black  eye, 

But  when  it  came  to  know  me  vyell, 
And  love  me,  it  was  sure  to  die  ! 

THOMAS  BAYNE. 

ST.  NICHOLAS'S,  HERTFORD.— On  Thursday, 
30  March,  whilst  the  workmen  were  engaged 
in  putting  in  a  new  floor  in  a  shop  in  the 
Wash,  some  remains  of  the  church  of 
St.  Nicholas,  which  appears  to  have  been  in 
use  in  the  reign  of  Queen  Mary,  and  to  have 
fallen  into  complete  decay  by  the  year  1700, 
were  unearthed.  Portions  of  a  large  Early 
English  arch  and  a  label  termination  were 
removed  to  the  local  museum.  Although 
other  portions  of  the  building  were  visible, 
it  was  impossible  to  continue  the  excava- 
tions, owing  to  the  delay  to  business  that 
would  have  been  occasioned. 

H.  P.  POLLARD. 


Qttttitfl* 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  sent  to  them 
direct. 

PHILIPPINA  :  PHILOPOENA.— This  word  is  no 
doubt  known  to  many  readers  of  'N.  &  Q.'  as 
used  in  connexion  with  a  humorous  and 
usually  juvenile  diversion.  When,  at  dessert 
or  the  like,  a  nut,  almond,  or  fruit-stone  is 
found  with  two  kernels,  these  are  called 
Philippics,  and  divided  between  and  eaten 
by  two  persons,  usually  of  opposite  sexes, 
with  the  consequence  that  when  these  meet 
again  the  partner  who  first  greets  the  other 
with  the  term  Philippina  is  entitled  to  a 
present  from  the  other.  The  French  form  is 
Philippine,  Dutch  Jilippine,  Da.  filipinc,  Sw. 
Jilipin.  The  German  is  Vielliebchen,  diminu- 
tive of  viellieb,  much  loved,  very  dear ;  com- 
pare liebchen,  loved  little  one,  darling.  The 


IO*B.  in.  MAY  27, 190&]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


407 


greeting  phrase  in  German  is  "Guten  Morgen, 
Vielliebchen  !"  the  French,  "Bon  jour,  Philip- 
pine ! "  There  appears  to  be  little  doubt 
that  the  German  is  the  original,  Vielliebchen 
(nearly  Filiepchen}  being  confounded  with 
the  diminutive  name  Philippchen  or  with 
the  feminine  Philippin,  whence  the  French 
Philippine  and  the  forms  in  the  other  lan- 
guages. I  shall  be  glad  of  information 
as  to  how  far  back  the  practice  and  word 
are  remembered  in  England.  Our  first 
actual  evidence  in  print  is  from  Bartlett's 
4  Dictionary  of  Americanisms '  of  1848,  in 
which  the  name  is  spelt  Fillipeen  orPhillijnna, 
said  to  be  from  the  German  Vielliebchen,  and 
to  be  common  in  the  Northern  United  States. 
This  is  a  good  deal  earlier  than  I  personally 
remember  it  in  England  ;  but  a  lady,  whose 
memory  goes  back  to  the  early  fifties,  tells 
me  that  she  has  known  it  all  her  life,  having 
been  taught  it  by  her  mother  before  she  can 
remember.  It  is  possible  that  some  readers 
of  '  N.  &  Q.'  can  confirm  this  or  otherwise, 
and  so  help  us  to  know  whether  we  got  the 
word  immediately  from  France,  or  whether  it 
came  from  America,  where  it  may  have  been 
immediately  from  German,  Dutch,  or  Swedish. 
Bartlett's  spelling  fllipeen  suggests  one  of  the 
latter.  In  French  Philippine  is  given  by  Littre, 
1873-5,  and  said  to  be  from  German.  The 
English  and  American  fancy  spelling  Philo- 
poena  simulates  a  learned  origin  from  Greek, 
and  has  actually  been  so  derived  by  un- 
historical  etymologizers.  One  friend  says 
that  the  greeting,  as  he  has  been  accustomed 
to  hear  it,  is  "Bon  jour,  Philippe."  I  have 
heard  only  "  Philippina ! "  What  say  others  ] 

J.  A.  H.  MURRAY. 
The  Scriptorium,  Oxford. 

BADGES. — Will  some  one  be  so  good  as  to 
let  me  know  to  what  the  italicized  words  in 
the  following  list  of  badges  refer  1 

Lord  Cobham — serpent's  hull. 

Duke  of  Somerset — beanstall  and  crown. 

Lord  Ry  vers— the  Pi/chard  and  the  Pye. 

Lord  Lumley — the  cooke. 

Lord  Dacres — ditto. 

Lord  Dudley — ye  molle. 

Marquis  of  Hereford — the  fylmand. 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

DAVID  ERSKINE,  BURIED  AT  ELBA.— I  should 
be  very  glad  to  learn  further  particulars  of 
David  Erskine,  born  1694,  who  was  a  younger 
son  of  Francis  Erskine,  of  Kirkbuddo  (or 
Carbuddo),  co.  Forfar,  and  died— probably 
unmarried— in  1776.  '  He  is  buried  in  the 
fortress  church  of  Longone,  in  the  island  of 
Elba,  where  a  mural  tablet  exists  bearing 


beneath  the  arms  of  the  Erskines  of  that 
branch,  cadets  of  Dun  (Quarterly,  1  and  4, 
Arg.,  a  pale  sable ;  2  and  3,  Gu.,  a  sword  in 
pale  arg.),  the  following  inscription  : — 

D.O.M. 

Davidi  Areskino 

IScoto 

ex  baronibus  de  Carbode  in  Angusia  viro  forti 
ingenuo  liberali  locum  tenenti  general!  exercituum 
invictissimi  utriusque  Sicilise  regis 

Ferdinandi  IV. 

Qui 

ob  ssepe  strenue  fideliterque  navatam  operam  obque 
multam  rei  militaris  peritiam  primum  gubernator 
Castri  Montis  Philippi  deinde  prases  provinciarum 
Abruti  Apulise  utriusque  Calabrire  ad  extremum 
imperator  armorum  totius  statis  Plumbini  insulceque 
Ilvas  et  gubernator  proprietarus  Civitatis  Longoni. 
Obiit  die  vin  Maii  MUCCLXXVI  aetatis  suss  anno 

L  XXXII. 

By  his  will  this  General  Erskine  left  part  of 
his  property  to  Cardinal  Erskine  and  to  Miss 
Clementina  Erskine,  and  the  remainder  to  his 
nephew  Francis  of  Kirkbuddo.  Any  notices 
of  his  services  or  history  or  of  any  portrait  or 
engraving  would  be  most  acceptable.  Perhaps 
your  kindly  Italian  colleague  of  the  Giornale 
degli  Eruditi  might  assist  by  an  inquiry 
through  his  publication.  W.  C.  J. 

WAGE  ON  THE  BATTLE  OF  HASTINGS.— Has 
any  one  ever  rendered  into  English  that 
portion  of  Wace's  description  of  the  battle 
of  Hastings  in  which  he  depicts  the  was- 
sailing of  the  Saxons  on  the  evening  before 
the  fight?— 

Quant  la  bataille  dut  joster, 

La  nuit  avant,  co  o'i  conter, 

Furent  Engleiz'forment  haitiez 

Mult  riant  e  mult  enveisiez ; 

Tote  nuit  mangierent  e  burent 

Unkes  la  nuit  el  lit  ne  jurent. 

Mult  les  veissiez  demener, 

Treper,  e  saillir  e  chanter  ; 

Bvblie  orient  e  weissel 

E  laticome  e  drincheheil, 

Drinc  hindnwart  e  Drintome, 

Drinc  Hdf  b  drinc  Tome. 

Much  of  this  is  fairly  obvious,  but  some  of 
the  words  are  obscure.  E.  J.  COLLINS. 

NUNBURNHOLME  PRIORY.—  Among  the  mis- 
cellaneous books  of  the  Augmentation  Office 
(vol.  xx.  No.  38)  there  is  the  following  bill  of 
complaint  of  William  Hyngatt  (Hungate),  of 
Noneburne  (Nunburnholme),  to  the  effect  that 
the  king  had  granted  to  him  the  mansion 
house  of  the  Nunnery  here,  with 

"all  the  demesne  lands  to  the  same  belonging 

for  which  he  paid  to  the  king  S5li.  14s.  lie/.  Since 
which  time,  in  the  time  of  the  late  commotion  in 
the  north,  one  [Richard]  Hawthclyffe,  clerk,  Roger 
Kellet,  John  Smythe,  Walter  Holme,  Thomas 
Spede,  and  Christopher  Smyth,  as  rebellious  to  the 
king,  put  in  possession  again  the  late  suppressed. 


408 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io<»  s.  in.  MAY  27, 1905. 


prioress,  the  complainant  being  in  the  king's 
service  under  the  Earl  of  Rutland,  and  took  away 
all  the  goods  and  chattels  that  were  then  in  the 
said  house  and  upon  the  demesnes." 

I  shall  be  much  interested  and  obliged  if 
any  one  can  tell  me  of  any  like  cases  to  this 
from  the  history  of  those  times — I  mean  with 
regard  to  the  reinstatement  in  office  of  an 
ejected  prior  or  prioress. 

I  may  add  that  the  said  Richard  Hawth- 
clyffe,  or  Hawcliff,  was  appointed  rector  of 
Nunburnholme  in  1506.  He  was  well  con- 
nected, and  evidently  a  man  of  considerable 
influence.  I  do  not  know  when  he  died,  nor 
what  his  end  was.  The  above  bill  of  com- 
plaint against  Hawcliff  and  his  followers  is 
undated  ;  but  I  imagine  it  was  made  early 
in  1537.  The  last  prioress  was  Elizabeth 
Kylburne.  M.  C.  F.  MORRIS. 

Nunburnholme  Rectory,  York. 

MADAME  VIOLANTE  IN  EDINBURGH. — This 
celebrated  rope-dancer  was  in  Edinburgh 
with  her  troupe  of  comedians  and  panto- 
mimists  during  1735-6.  Details  of  the  per- 
formances given  under  her  management 
(summarized  from  the  advertisements  in 
The  Caledonian  Mercury)  are  to  be  found  in 
Dibdin's  'Annals  of  the  Edinburgh  Stage.' 
I  should  feel  obliged  to  any  reader  who  could 
favour  me  with  fuller  information  on  the 
subject,  more  particularly  as  to  the  pieces 
performed  and  the  names  of  the  company. 

Madame  Violante  is  said  to  have  retired 
from  funambulism  early  in  1737,  and  to  have 
opened  a  dancing  academy  in  Edinburgh, 
where  she  remained  until  her  death  in  1741. 
Corroboration  of  these  details  is  anxiously 
desired.  Can  any  one  say  whether  a  portrait 
of  the  famous  rope  -  dancer  was  ever  pub- 
lished ;  also  if  there  are  any  records  extant 
of  her  visits  to  Chester  and  Shrewsbury  in 
1732  ?  Information  concerning  la  Violante's 
performances  at  any  place  save  London  and 
Dublin  would  be  thankfully  received. 

W.  J.  LAWRENCE. 

54,  Shelbourne  Road,  Dublin. 

HUGO  DE  BURGH.— I  shall  be  much  obliged 
if  any  lover  of  old  books  can  tell  me  where  I 
can  find  the  legend  or  history  of  Hugo  de 
Burgh  and  Queen  Matilda.  A  lady  I  know 
read  it  some  twenty  or  more  years  ago  and 
has  forgotten  the  name  of  the  book,  but  says 
it  was  an  old  one.  F.  S.  V.-W. 

CHEMIST  OF  THE  FUTURE.— Could  any  of 
your  readers  tell  me  from  what  book  I  can 
obtain  a  quotation  somewhat  similar  to  the 
following  f  As  the  chemist  of  to-day  has 
surpassed  the  alchemist  of  the  past,  so  the 
chemist  of  the  future  will  surpass  the  wildest 


conceptions  of  the  chemist  of  our  day.  The 
chemist  of  the  future  will  go  into  the  by-ways 
of  our  great  cities,  and  from  the  pollution 
he  may  there  gather  he  will  evolve  upon  his 
laboratory  table  a  tiny  piece  of  gold  or  a 
faultless  diamond.  W.  E.  P. 

THUNDER  .  FOLK-LORE.  —  In  Chambers's 
'  Book  of  Days,'  under  April  21,  the  following 
is  quoted  from  Leonard  Digges,  'Prognos- 
tication Everlasting,'  1556  :— 

"  Some  write  that  Sunday's  thunder  should  bring 
the  death  of  learned  men,  judges,  and  others ; 
Monday's  thunder  the  deatli  of  women  ;  Tuesday's 
thunder  plenty  of  grain  ;  Wednesday's  thunder  the 
death  of  harlots  ;  Thursday's  thunder  plenty  of 
sheep  and  corn  ;  Friday's  thunder  the  slaughter  of 
a  great  man,  or  other  terrible  murders  ;  Saturday's 
thunder  a  general  plague  and  great  dearth." 

I  am  anxious  to  trace  this  curious  belief  to 
its  source.  Can  any  reader  identify  the 
"some"  writers  to  whom  Digges  refers1? 

JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

BONAPARTE  AND  ENGLAND. — Is  there  any 
confirmation  of  the  following  1  It  is  to  be 
found  in  "  Napoleon  III.  From  the  Popular 
Caricatures  of  the  Last  Thirty  Years.  With 
the  Story  of  his  Life,  by  James  L.  Haswell. 
A  New  Edition.  London,  John  Camden 
Hotten,"  no  date. 

"  A  Fact  not  Generally  Known.— The  following 
is  an  extract  from  a  letter  of  the  Rev.  Thomas 
Belsham,  dated  Hackney,  16  August,  1805,  which 
contains  an  account  of  a  visit  to  the  Duke  of 
Graf  ton  '•  '  Admiral  Cosby  told  me  one  circumstance 
which  was  curious.  When  he  was  commander-in- 
chief  in  the  Mediterranean,  during  the  late  war,  at 
the  time  that  we  were  in  possession  of  Corsica,  and 
when  Sir  Gilbert  Elliott  was  Governor-General  of 
the  island,  General  Paoli  introduced  Buonaparte, 
then  a  young  man,  to  the  governor  and  to  the 
admiral,  as  a  friend  of  his  who  would  be  glad  to 
be  employed  in  the  service  of  England  ;  but  these 
wise  men,  not  having  Lavater's  skill  in  physiognomy, 
rejected  the  proposal,  which  obliged  Buonaparte 
to  offer  his  services  to  the  French,  and  this  was  the 
rise  of  Buonaparte's  fortunes.  I  had  often  heard 
that  Buonaparte  had  offered  his  services  to  the 
English  and  been  rejected,  but  I  hardly  gave  credit 
to  it  till  I  learned  it  from  Admiral  Cosby  him- 
self.'"—P.  iv. 

Bonaparte  was  a  captain  in  the  French 
army  in  1792.  He  was  in  Corsica  in  the 
earlier  half  of  1793.  HOBERT  PIERPOINT. 

LINES  BY  WHYTE  MELVILLE.— -I  am  most 
anxious  to  find  some  lines  which  I  am  told 
were  written  by  Whyte  Melville  for  a  friend 
of  his  who  was  killed  in  the  hunting  field.  I 
don't  think  they  are  published  in  any  of  his 
books.  I  shall  be  exceedingly  grateful  if 
these  lines  can  be  found  for  me.  M.  C.  L. 

"  I    SIT   WITH    MY   FEET    IN   A   BROOK."  —  In 

an  article  on  '  The  Decadence  of  Humour ' 


in.  MAY  27, 1905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


409 


in  The  Morning  Post  of  21  April,  Mr.  Andrew 
Lang  writes  : — 

"  As  for  Thackeray,  I  never  could  see  why  an 
humourist  should  not  be  '  sentimental'  on  occasion. 
I  do  not  agree  with  the  poet  who  sings  : 
I  sit  with  my  feet  in  a  brook, 

And  if  anyone  axes  me  why? 
I  fetch  him  a  crack  with  my  crook. 

For  it 's  sentiment  kills  me,  says  I. 
Sentiment  does  not  kill  me,  and  Thackeray's  senti 
ment  I  like,  while  his  humour  is  exceeding  abun 
dant." 

Whose  are  the  lines  ?  I  have  known  them 
(with  slight  verbal  differences)  for  over  thirty 
years,  but  have  never  found  them  in  print 
before,  so  far  as  I  can  remember.  I  have 
asked  Mr.  Lang  if  he  knows  their  authorship, 
and  he  writes  me  on  24  April,  "  My  own 
attempts  to  find  the  source  have  failed." 

WILLIAM  GEORGE  BLACK. 

Dowanhill  Gardens,  Glasgow. 

[It  was  stated  at  6th  S.  xii.  300  that  the  lines,  an 
outcome  of  a  game  at  bouts  rimds,  are  assigned  to 
Horace  Walpole.  Possibly  MRS.  PAGET  TOYNBEE, 
who  contributed  many  valuable  notes  on  Walpole 
to  the  Ninth  Series,  may  now  be  able  to  confirm  or 
disprove  this  attribution.] 

"WRONG  SIDE  OF  THE  BED." — What  is  the 
origin  of  the  remark,  "You  got  out  of  the 
wrong  side  of  the  bed  this  morning  "  ? 

Dun  AH  Coo. 

Hongkew. 

HERALDIC.— What  family  bore  arms  Per 
fesse,  in  chief  a  fesse  nebuly  ?  The  arms  are 
impaled  on  a  seal  of  the  arms  of  Simon 
Mychell  (a  chevron  between  three  swans) 
affixed  to  a  deed  dated  5  Henry  IV. 

G.  B.  MICHELL. 

SWEDISH  KOYAL  FAMILY. — Is  it  not  a  fact 
that  the  present  royal  family  of  Sweden  are 
descended  from  Bernadotte,  one  of  Napoleon's 
marshals  1  If  so,  what  has  become  of  the 
original  royal  family  1  BRUTUS. 

"By  HOOK  OR  BY  CROOK." — How  did  this 
phrase  originate?  MEDICULUS. 

[This  proverbial  expression  goes  back  to  the 
fourteenth  century.  The  'N.E.D.'  says:  "As  to 
the  origin  of  the  phrase  there  is  no  evidence ; 
although  invention  has  been  prolific  of  explanatory 
stories,  most  of  them  at  variance  with  chronology." 
Quotations  from  Wycliffe,  Gower,  and  Skelton's 
'  Colin  Cloute '  follow.  An  amusing  example  of  the 
"explanatory  stories"  is  pilloried  by  our  regretted 
contributor  J.  DixoN  at  7th  S.  viii.  306 ;  and 
another  instance  at  8th  S.  i.  185  by  N.  M.  &  A., 
whose  signature  still  appears  in  '  N.  &  Q.'] 

YORK  1517  AND  1540. — Mr.  Charles  Sander- 
son, of  19,  Bailen,  Bilbao,  has  pointed  out  to 
me  that  in  the  list  of  '  Lord  Mayors  and 
Sheriffs  [of  York]  from  the  Earliest  Times,' 


published  in  The  Yorkshire  Herald  of  25  Feb- 
ruary, there  occur  the  names  of  John  Dodg- 
son,  mayor  in  1517,  and  William  Dodgson, 
merchant,  mayor  in  1540.  The  elder  had 
been  sheriff  in  1497,  and  the  other,  perhaps 
his  son,  in  1532.  To  what  class  of  merchants 
did  William  belong  ?  Did  he  adhere  to  the 
Papal  religion?  Had  he  any  descendants? 
I  should  be  interested  in  knowing  if  he  was 
connected  with  my  grandfather  Mr.  Thomas 
Dodgson,  born  in  Yorkshire  on  9  May,  1776, 
who  died  at  Thorpe  Grange,  Greta  Bridge, 
on  12  May,  1873,  and  was  buried  by  Mr. 
Headlam  at  Whorlton,  near  Barnard  Castle. 
He  was  a  bachelor  of  St.  Mary's,  Cheapside, 
when  he  was  married  by  Mr.  W.  Courthope 
on  25  May,  1802,  in  the  church  of  St.  John 
the  Baptist  at  Southover,  Lewes,  to  Selina 
Juliana  Sharpe,  of  that  parish,  spinster. 
His  mother  was  a  Miss  Butler. 

E.  S.  DODGSON. 

BEAUTIFUL  Miss  GUNNINGS.  —  Any  one 
having  an  old  broadside  with  engravings 
of  the  Miss  Gunnings  at  the  top  and  verses 
underneath,  or  other  engravings  of  them,  is 
desired  to  communicate  with  the  under- 
signed. One  married  the  Earl  of  Coventry  ; 
another  married  the  Duke  of  Argyll,  and 
later  the  Duke  of  Hamilton  and  Brandon. 

E.  FANSHAWE. 

132,  Ebury  Street,  S.W. 


THE  VAN  SYTESTEYN  MANUSCRIPTS. 
(10th  S.  iii.  341.) 

MY  attention  has  been  drawn  to  an  article 
in  your  most  valuable  paper  by  MR.  W. 
ROBERTS  on  what  he  misnames  '  The  Van 
Sypes^m  Manuscripts.' 

As  the  gentleman  who  unfortunately  had 
to  part  with  a  collection  which  he  valued 
so  much  (Jonkheer  Cornells  Ascanius  van 
Sypesteyn,  to  give  him  his  full  name  and 
title:  Jonkheer  is  a  title  of  nobility  in 
Holland)  was  my  grandfather,  I  am  surely 
entitled  most  emphatically  to  protest  against 
the  misrepresentation  which  is  conveyed  by 
the  late  Mr.  Dawson  Turner's  autograph 
nscription  in  the  copy  of  the  catalogue  of 
hat  sale  which  has  come  into  the  hands  of 
MR.  ROBERTS.  It  is  not  only  a  gross  mis- 
representation, but  an  abominable  calumny 
on  several  members  of  a  most  distinguished 
'amily,  from  which  I  have  the  honour  to 
descend. 

In  a  certain  way  MR.  ROBERTS  is  not  to 
alame,  as  he  only  gives  us  Mr.  Turner's  nar- 
-ative ;  but  if,  to  begin  with,  MR.  ROBERTS 


410 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*s.m.  MAY  27.1905. 


had  taken  the  trouble  to  read  the  preface 
of  the  catalogue,  he  would  not  have  told 
us  that  his  discovery  reveals  the  name 
of  the  owner  of  the  MSS.,  for  the  name, 
correctly  spelt,  occurs  therein  in  full. 
Again,  if  he  had  turned  up  the  Catalogue 
of  the  British  Museum  Library  in  voce 
Van  Sypesteyn,  he  would  have  found  there 
several  works,  mostly  on  historical  subjects, 
of  which  ancestors,  sons,  and  one  grandson 
of  M.  van  Sypesteyn  are  the  authors.  From 
this  he  would  certainly  have  come  to  the 
conclusion  that  the  Van  Sypesteyn  family 
were  not  absolutely  ignorant  of  the  value 
of  the  MSS.  they  possessed.  Moreover,  had 
he  taken  the  trouble  to  write  one  line  to  the 
Koyal  Library  at  the  Hague,  or  even  to  the 
State  archives  there,  it  would  have  procured 
him  reliable  evidence  which  would  have  im- 
mediately blown  the  cobwebs  of  Mr.  Turner's 
idle  gossip  into  the  air. 

As  it  is,  I  think  I  have  a  right  to  claim  a 
small  space  in  'N.  &  Q'  to  prove  how  un- 
founded the  fables  are  which  I  have  alluded 
to,  and  to  vindicate  the  honour  of  my  direct 
maternal  ancestors.  I  shall  be  as  short  as 
I  possibly  can. 

The  Sypesteyn  family  had  not  only  been 
known  in  the  Netherlands  for  about  five 
centuries  when  the  sale  took  place,  but  had 
always  held  there  a  conspicuous  position, 
and  several  members  of  it  filled  during  the 
sixteenth,  seventeenth,  and  eighteenth  cen- 
turies most  important  State  offices.  It  is 
useless  to  go  into  details  concerning  the 
most  prominent  members  of  the  family 
(several  pedigrees,  some  of  them  printed  as 
much  as  two  hundred  years  back,  can  be  founc 
in  books  of  reference  in  the  British  Museum) 
but  a  few  facts  relating  to  that  branch  oi 
the  family  which  owned  the  MSS.  bear  on 
the  question. 

My  grandfather,  who  sold  the  MSS.,  wai 
born  about  1780  (being  from  home,  I  write 
from  memory  and  cannot  give  precise  dates 
although  the  facts  which  I  mention  are  abso 
lutely  reliable  and  can  be  proved),  and  his 
direct  male  ancestors  for  four  generation, 
are  known    to    have    been    not  only   very 
wealthy  men  and  influential  politicians  o 
valiant  soldiers,  but  (and  this  is  the  point 
also  ardent  and  intelligent  collectors  of  MSS 
and  works  of  art.     His  great-grandfather,  t< 
mention  one  instance,  also  named  Corneli 
Ascanius    van    Sypesteyn,   Burgomaster    o 
Haarlem  and  deputy  to  the  States-Genera] 
&c.,   left,    when   he  died   in   1745,  a   unique 
collection  of  pictures,  prints,  woodcuts,  and 
etchings.     Being  much  more  valuable  than 
MSS.  in  those  days,  they  were  sold  by  public 


,uction,  as  the  settling  of  heirlooms  on  the 
,ldest  son  is  contrary  to  the  Netherlands 
aw.  His  son,  however,  bought  in  a  great 
Dart  of  them.  The  catalogue  of  this  sale  is 
o  be  found  in  the  majority  of  ancient  public 
ibraries  in  Holland.  He  and  his  ancestors 
owned  a  large  town  mansion  in  Haarlem, 
and  had  been  lords  of  the  castle  and  town 
of  Hillegom,  about  seven  miles  out  of  the 
ity  of  Haarlem,  since  the  middle  of  the 
sixteenth  century. 

My  grandfather  certainly  lost  the  greater 
3art  of  his  fortune  during  and  on  account 
of  the  Napoleonic  struggle  (a  very  different 
;hing  from  alienating  State  papers  at  that 
period  in  order  to  make  a  paltry  profit,  as 
Hie  version  of  Mr.  Turner's  fable  will  have 
it),  and  I  dare  say  that  the  wish  to  give  his 
sons  not  only  an  education,  but  also  a  start 
!n  life  becoming  their  position,  prompted 
:iim  when  he  resolved  to  part  with  his 
Jierished  and  valuable  treasures,  the  sale 
of  which  proved  such  a  failure. 

As,  however,  since  the  restoration  of  the 
house  of  Orange  in  1813  he  had  held  a  lucra- 
tive State  appointment,  and  had  two  of  his 
sons  (one  of  whom  during  that  period  was 
page  of  honour  to  King  William  I.  of  the 
Netherlands)  at  the  Royal  Military  Academy, 
it  is  evident  that  to  describe  him  as  "a  man 
of  small  means  "  conveys  an  inadequate  im- 
pression of  his  position.  If  I  add,  to  mention 
nothing  more,  that  we  possess  several  auto- 
graph and  most  intimate  letters  from  mem- 
bers of  the  royal  family,  two  of  them,  which 
of  course  interest  me  most,  congratulating 
him  on  the  birth  of  my  mother  in  1819,  it 
will  make  it  all  the  more  clear  that  Mr. 
Turner  was  misinformed. 

M.  van  Sypesteyn's  grandfather  was  the 
founder  of  the  Hollandsche  Maatschappy 
van  Wetenschappen  (Holland  Academy  ^  of 
Science)  about  1770  —  an  academy  which 
owns  a  magnificent  hall  at  Haarlem,  vied 
with  the  Royal  Society  of  England  in  the 
eighteenth  century,  and  has  published  in 
different  European  languages  most  note- 
worthy papers,  while  to  this  day  the  greatest 
English  scientists  consider  it  an  honour  to 
belong  to  it. 

Can  the  thought  for  a  moment  be  enter- 
tained that  such  people  should  be  hoarding 
vast  collections  of  stolen  documents  and 
State  papers  in  their  garrets  of  which  they 
did  not  know  either  the  value  or  the  con- 
tents? To  suggest  it  is  as  untrue  as  it  is 
preposterous. 

Again,  a  son,  who  held  for  some  time  a 
commission  in  the  army,  was  afterwards 
chamberlain  to  the  king  and  keeper  of  the 


io»  s.  in.  MAY  27,  iocs.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


411 


private  records  of  the  house  of  Orange,  a 
well-known  historian  and  a  personal  and 
intimate  friend  of  such  men  as  Rauke  and 
Motley.  He  unfortunately  died  at  an  early 
age,  but  in  his  lifetime  he  owned  a  consider- 
able number  of  MSS.  which  were  not  sold  by 
his  father  in  1825,  and  also  a  most  glorious 
and  extensive  collection  of  family  portraits, 
some  of  them  by  great  masters,  going  back 
as  far  as  the  sixteenth  century.  All  this  is 
religiously  kept  by  the  descendant  and  head 
of  the  family  till  this  day.  If  M.  Falck, 
which  to  me  seems  unlikely,  ever  expressed 
himself  on  this  subject  as  Mr.  Turner  asserts, 
it  can  only  be  attributed  to  his  want  of 
knowledge  of  the  facts. 

After  all,  although  an  excellent  statesman, 
M.  Falck  was  of  foreign  extraction,  a  new 
man  in  the  Netherlands,  and  most  likely 
knew  little  about  the  private  history  of  the 
old  patrician  families,  except  the  few  with 
whom  he  might  have  been  in  daily  contact. 
It  strikes  me,  however,  that  the  quotation  is 
as  vaporous  as  the  title  of  baron  with  which 
Mr.  Turner  adorns  his  informant. 

All  this  may  be  of  only  very  secondary 
interest  to  the  majority  of  your  readers,  but 
as  this  matter  has  been  touched  upon  in 
your  columns  in  a  manner  to  give  annoyance 
to  the  descendants  of  the  late  M.  van  Sype- 
steyn,  I  have  no  doubt  that  you  will  insert 
my  letter  in  full  as  early  as  possible. 

W.  DEL  COURT  DE  KRIMPEN. 

3,  Grenville  Street,  W.C. 


THE  EGYPTIAN  HALL,  PICCADILLY  (10th  S. 
iii.  163,  236,  297,  334).— I  feel  nothing  but  gra- 
titude to  MESSRS.  ABRAHAMS  and  CROMPTON 
for  their  remarks,  especially  to  the  latter 
gentleman  (of  whom  I  think  I  have  some 
little  knowledge),  as  my  sole  object  is  to  be 
accurate  and  to  give  trustworthy  information 
for  the  use  of  those  who  come  after  us.  I  would 
state  that  while  the  names  of  the  automata 
first  exhibited  by  Mr.  Maskelyne — Psycho 
and  Zoe— have  always  been  firmly  fixed  in 
my  memory,  that  of  the  third  one,  Fanfare, 
had  entirely  vanished  ;  and  even  with  MR. 
CROMPTON'S  courteous  reply  and  my  searches 
through  a  file  of  The  Times,  although  there  is 
no  doubt  that  the  name  is  as  stated,  it  still 
only  hazily  returns  to  my  recollection.  In 
order  to  make  these  remarks  as  useful  as 
possible,  I  would  add  that  The  Times  of 
Saturday,  27  April,  1878,  states  that  "Fan- 
fare, Mr.  Maskelyne's  first  musical  automaton, 
will  be  introduced  for  the  first  time  on  Mon- 
day evening  next,  the  29th  inst.,"  and  a  notice 
concerning  it  appeared  in  the  issue  of  the 
same  journal  for  30  April.  The  music  played 


by  the  automaton  was  "1  know  a  bank 
whereon  the  wild  thyme  grows,"  from  'Mid- 
summer Night's  Dream,'  and  it  took  part  in 
the  duet  'Hearts  and  Homes,'  and  in  the  trio 
"Hark  the  merry  elves"  with  Mr.  Maskelyne 
and  Mr.  Cooke.  There  appears  to  have  been 
some  doubt  as  to  the  production  of  this  figure, 
as  the  'Era  Almanack'  for  1879  gives  the 
date  as  2  September  in  the  previous  year. 
Before  its  appearance  there  were  many 
speculations  (unofficial,  of  course)  as  to  what 
its  name  would  be,  some  perhaps  suitable, 
and  others  the  reverse ;  and  I  feel  pretty 
certain  that  Mephisto  was  among  the  number; 
hence,  I  suppose,  my  confusion  on  the  point. 

With  reference  to  the  first  appearance  of 
Messrs.  Maskelyne  &  Cooke  at  the  Egyptian 
Hall,  I  gave  the  date  as  about  1874,  and  colour 
was  lent  to  that  having  been  the  year  by  the 
advertisement  in  The  Daily  Telegraph  quoted 
by  me  at  the  first  reference,  which  stated 
that  the  entertainment  had  been  "estab- 
lished 31  years";  but  I  am  glad  to  find  that 
this  matter  has  now  been  settled  by  MR. 
ABRAHAMS,  who  fixes  the  date  as  26  May, 
1873,  thus  proving  MR.  CROMPTON  to  be 
right. 

With  reference  to  the  dates  given  for  some 
of  the  earlier  shows,  I  can  only  state  that 
some  were  furnished  to  me,  many  years  ago, 
by  the  late  "Johnny"  Gideon,  who  had  a 
considerable  reputation  as  a  chronicler  of 
theatrical  and  kindred  events ;  and  the  late 
Thomas  B.  Cleasby,  who  also  noted  such 
events,  and  was  a  relative  or  old  personal 
acquaintance  of  Mr.  Kenny,  who  was  for 
some  years  with  Col.  Stodare,  both  at  the 
Egyptian  Hall  and  before  his  appearance 
there.  I  should  also  like  to  point  out  that 
Mr.  H.  B.  Wheatley,  in  'Round  about  Picca- 
dilly and  Pall  Mall,'  gives  the  year  1846  as 
that  in  which  General  Tom  Thumb  was  at 
this  place,  and  also  records  the  date  for 
Catlin's  show  as  1841,  the  years  being  the 
same  as  those  supplied  by  Mr.  Gideon.  It 
was  Mr.  Cleasby  who  gave  me  the  particulars 
of  the  exhibition  of  Seurat,  the  Living  Skele- 
ton, at  the  Egyptian  Hall ;  but  as  I  have  no 
means  of  verifying  these,  I  can  only  say,  in 
view  of  MR.  CROMPTON'S  very  precise  par- 
ticulars, that  probably  an  error  was  made 
by  my  informant,  as  well  as  by  Mr.  Walford 
in  '  Old  and  New  London,'  to  which  work  I 
did  not  refer.  I  must  take  the  sole  blame 
for  giving  the  date  1846  as  that  of  the  open- 
ing of  Banvard's  panorama,  as  I  intended  to 
write  1848,  that  being  the  date  given  to  me. 
I  am  glad  that  MR.  ABRAHAMS  agrees  with 
me  as  to  the  date  of  Albert  Smith's  '  To 
China  and  Back  '  being  1859.  It  may  be  of 


412 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io»  s.  in.  MAY  27, 


interest  (while  on  this  subject)  to  say  that 
the  'Era  Almanack'  for  1873  records  that 
Albert  Smith,  so  well  known  as  an  enter- 
tainer and  dramatist,  died  on  23  May,  1860, 
at  the  early  age  of  forty  -  four ;  and  the 
'Almanack'  for  1881  states  that  he  was 
married  to  Miss  Mary  Keeley  on  1  August, 
1859,  his  married  life  thus  being  comprised 
within  a  few  months. 

Thanks  are  also  due  to  MR.  ABRAHAMS  for 
so  kindly  supplementing  my  imperfect  list 
of  exhibitions  at  this  place ;  and  I  now  desire 
to  say  that  the  late  Dr.  Lynn  was  giving  his 
clever  conjuring  show  in  the  "Egyptian 
Large  Hall "  in  1874,  while  Messrs.  Maskelyne 
&  Cooke  were  in  "The  Egyptian  Hall,  Large 
Dra  wing-Room,"  from  which  they  ultimately 
removed  into  the  larger  and  more  convenient 
hall,  for  in  the  following  year  we  find  them 
advertising  their  "permanent  settlement"  in 
the  Egyptian  Large  Hall,  under  the  style  of 
"England's  Home  of  Mystery." 

When  "Fanfare"  was  introduced  the 
small  hall,  or  "  Drawing  -  Boom,"  was  occu- 
pied by  an  entertainment  entitled  'Grave 
and  Gay,'  given  by  Mr.  Turquand  and 
Mr.  Pelham,  who  described  it  as  being 
"Shaksperian  and  mimetic."  It  was  under 
the  management  of  Mr.  W.  Morton,  and  in 
all  respects  was  decidedly  worth  seeing, 
and  had  a  respectable  run.  Chang  the 
Chinese  giant,  King-foo  his  wife,  and  Chung- 
mow,  the  dwarf,  reached  England  on 
18  August,  1865,  and  made  their  first  bow 
to  an  English  audience  on  the  2nd  of  the 
following  October  at  the  Egyptian  Hall, 
•where,  on  13  November,  1866,  Artemus  Ward, 
even  then  showing  evident  traces  of  the 
disease  from  which  he  died,  made  his  first 
appearance. 

The  remarks  of  MR.  CECIL  CLARKE  and 
MR.  G.  YARROW  BALDOCK  are  of  much 
interest.  I  had  not  come  across  a  notice  of 
the  show  mentioned  by  the  latter,  but  saw 
the  one  alluded  to  by  MR.  CLARKE,  but  rather 
incline  to  the  opinion  that  it  was  at  a  some- 
what later  date  than  that  he  gives.  It  was 
a  really  clever  and  taking  exhibition,  and 
was  fairly  well  patronized. 

Just  as  I  was  closing  this  reply,  I  was  lent 
two  books,  one  'Mayfair  and  Belgravia,'  1892, 
by  George  Clinch,  of  the  Department  of 
Printed  Books,  British  Museum.  I  find  that 
Mr.  Clinch  gives  1864  as  a  date  for  General  Tom 
Thumb's  being  at  this  place.  I  am  not  quite 
clear  as  to  the  correctness  of  this,  as  in  the 
other  book,  'Giants  and  Dwarfs,'  1868,  by 
E.  J.  Wood,  it  is  stated  that  "  in  February, 
1865,  the  General  exhibited  himself  at  St. 
James's  Hall."  I  believe  that  he  was  there 


only  for  a  short  time,  and  then  crossed  over 
to  the  Egyptian  Hall,  as  I  have  a  strong 
recollection  of  seeing  him  drive  up  to  the 
latter  place  in  his  striking  equipage,  which 
created  so  much  sensation  when  it  was  seen 
in  London  streets. 

As  MR.  ABRAHAMS  states,  it  was  hardly  to 
be  expected  that  my  note  would  provide  a 
"  complete  list "  of  the  entertainments  at  the 
hall.  I  never  thought  that  it  would  ;  I  gave 
a  few  that  seemed  the  most  noteworthy,  as 
my  own  personal  knowledge  only  extended 
from  the  incoming  of  Col.  Stodare  until  about 
1881,  and  I  regret  that  I  took  but  few  notes. 
May  I  appeal  to  those  who  know  anything 
about  this  place  and  its  occupants  to  put 
their  knowledge  upon  record  ?  By  the  time 
this  appears  in  print  but  little  will  remain 
of  it  and  the  adjoining  premises,  and  we 
shall  have  only  memories  to  feast  on.  Pray 
let  them  be  as  perfect  as  possible. 

W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY. 

SPENSER'S  '  EPITHALAMION  '  (10th  S.  iii.  246). 
— In  stanza  4  every  edition  to  which  I  have 
access  gives  : — 

And  eke,  ye  lightf oot  maids,  which  keep  the  dore  (sic) 
that  on  the  hoary  mountain  used  to  towre, 
and  the  wild  wolves,  which  seek  them  to  devour, 
with  your  steel  darts  do  chace  from  coming  near, 
be  also  present  here 

1.  "Dore"  (1.  12)  should  plainly  be  deer. 
The   'N.E.D.'  does  not  recognize  dore  as  a 
possible  plural  or  dialect  form  for  deer.    The 
rime  -  scheme    requires    deer ;    the    pronoun 
"  them  "  requires  deer,  or  else  has  nothing  to 
which  it  can  refer.    The  lightfoot  maids  are 
presumably  the  nimble  nymphs  who  "pre- 
serve" the  game  for  their  "queen  and  hunt- 
ress" Diana.     What  they  have  to  make  in 
the  matter  of  a  wedding,  unless  as  vouchers 
for  the  virginity  of  the  bride,  is  not  too  clear, 
but  it  does  not  much  matter. 

2.  I  think  use  (I.   13)  should  be  read   for 
"used."     The  co-ordinated  verb  is  present 
("do  chace"),   and    the  time  seems    to    be 
anterior  to  the  events  related  in  the  last  two 
stanzas  of    the    earlier    surviving  canto   of 
'  Mutability.' 

3.  Is  "towre"  to  be  explained  as  (1)  bear 
high  their  stately  heads,  or  (2)  ascend  to  the 
mountain  heights,  or  (3)  roam  about,  "tour" 
(cf.  tourists)  ?  H.  K.  ST.  J.  S. 

[2.  The  Aldine  edition  (Bell  &  Daldy)  reads  use.'] 

QUEEN'S  SURNAME  (10th  S.  ii.  529;  iii.  114, 
174, 351).— The  present  Royal  Family  of  Eng- 
land do  not  always  appear  to  have  considered 
Guelph  their  surname.  When  the  marriage 
of  the  Duke  of  Sussex  with  the  Lady  Augusta 
Murray  was  declared  null  and  void,  having 


m.  MAY  27,  loos.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


413 


been  contracted  contrary  to  the  regulations 
of  the  Royal  Marriage  Act,  their  two  children, 
a  son  and  a  daughter,  took  the  surname  of 
d'Este  as  being  the  original  name  of  the 
family.  R.  L.  MORETON. 

A  newspaper  paragraph  which  I  read  a 
year  or  two  ago  gave  the  late  Queen's  maiden 
name  as  Azon,  not  Guelph.  No  authority 
was  advanced.  Is  there  any  ground  for  such 
a  statement  1  E.  H.  BROMBY. 

University,  Melbourne. 

GUINEA  BALANCES  (10th  S.  iii.  347).— One 
of  these  that  I  have  has  the  name  "I. 
Wilkinson  "  on  it,  but  there  is  no  indication 
where  the  maker  lived.  The  guinea  balance 
is  in  the  original  oaken  case,  to  which  it  is 
securely  fastened,  and  when  in  the  folded 
position  it  fits  the  box  compactly.  It  was 
evidently  made  for  merchants  and  business 
men  to  carry  about  with  them,  and  is  five 
inches  long,  nearly  an  inch  wide,  and  about 
half  inch  depth  outside  measurement.  The 
lid  is  hinged  from  one  end,  and  closed  with  a 
snap  at  the  other  ;  but  part  of  this  is  missing. 
With  it  are  printed  instructions  for  using, 
which  run,  in  old  fashioned  type, as  follows  : — 

"The  Turn  to  be  at  the  end  for  a  guinea,  the 
other  way  for  half  a  guinea,  and  the  slide  at  the 
cypher,  where  it  will  stop.  It  stops  several  times 
in  removing  towards  the  centre,  each  a  farthing 
above  the  standard.  When  gold  is  short  of  weight, 
remove  the  slide  the  other  way,  where  every 
division  is  a  penny.  These  balances  are  as  accurate 
as  the  best  scales,  more  expeditious,  portable,  and 
not  so  liable  to  be  out  of  order.  If  ever  they  vary 
from  the  standard,  they  are  soon  rectified  by  the 
slide." 

As  far  as  I  can  judge,  this  "guinea 
balance  "  is  in  good  working  order. 

THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 
Worksop. 

If  LIBRA  will  send  me  his  address  I  will 
forward,  for  his  inspection,  a  small  pocket 
balance  belonging  to  me.  It  is  of  steel  and 
brass,  and  is  fixed  to,  and  folds  up  in,  a 
mahogany  pocket  case  5  in.  long,  1|  in.  wide, 
and  I  in.  deep.  There  are  holes  at  the  side 
for  weights,  but  only  one  now  remaining. 
I  think  it  is  of  early  nineteenth-century 
make.  HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 

Innellan,  Shrewsbury. 

SARAH  CURRAN,  ROBERT  EMMET,  AND  MAJOR 
SIRR'S  PAPERS  (10th  S.  iii.  303).— I  cannot  give 
the  original  authority  for  Major  Sirr's  weep- 
ing over  Sarah  Curran's  letters.  Charles 
Phillips's  '  Curran  and  his  Contemporaries,' 
1818,  is  the  earliest  mention  known  to  me  ; 
Madden  quoted  from  Phillips,  and  probably 
O'Hart  from  Madden.  Lord  Hardwicke 
describes  the  letters  as  "clever  and  strik- 


ing" ;  and  a  recent  review  in  The  Athenaeum 
of  'The  Viceroy's  Post -Bag,'  by  Michael 
McDonagh,  says  they  are  "  pathetic,"  and 
indicative  of  the  noble  nature  of  the  writer. 
The  letters  were  discovered  by  Mr.  McDonagh 
in  a  sealed  box  in  the  State  Paper  Office, 
marked  "most  secret,  most  confidential." 
They  and  other  contents  of  the  box  form  the 
second  part  of  '  The  Viceroy's  Post-Bag.'  As 
I  live  far  from  libraries,  I  have  not  seen  the 
book,  which  from  the  reviews  seems  to  be 
both  interesting  and  very  painful.  It  is 
fortunate  the  letters  were  not  destroyed,  as 
they  prove  J.  D.  S.  was  misinformed  as  to 
their  contents.  If  MR.  SIRR  can  consult  the 
book  it  will  prove  this  to  him.  If  he  cannot, 
perhaps  some  more  fortunate  contributor  to 
1 N.  &  Q.'  will  furnish  copies  of  the  letters 
or  their  substance,  and  so  answer  both  MR. 
SIRR'S  and  my  queries. 

With  regard  to  Major  Sirr's  character,  ifc 
was  the  business  of  a  town  major  to  hunt 
and  catch  rebels  ;  whether  he  liked  or  disliked 
his  duties  they  had  to  be  performed.  As  to- 
the  famous  trial  of  Hevey  v.  Sirr,  when,  as- 
counsel  for  Hevey,  Curran  made  one  of  his 
most  famous  speeches,  Sirr  and  Major  Sandys 
possibly  could  not  clear  themselves  without 
betraying  McNally  and  some  of  the  other 
informers.  FRANCESCA. 

"VASTERN"  (10th  S.  iii.  347).— Sir  Robert 
Howard,  sixth  son  of  the  first  Earl  of  Berk- 
shire, through  whom  the  late  Mrs.  Greville 
Howard  inherited  her  Ashtead  property  in 
Surrey,  was  styled  of  Vastern,  co.  Wilts. 

SHERBORNE. 

There  is  an  old  house  near  Wootton  Bassetfc 
Station  (Wilts)  of  this  name,  also  spelt 
Eastern,  Vasthorne,  Wasterne,  <fcc.,  "but  the 
derivation  is  probably  from  the  Anglo-Saxon 
fasten,  an  enclosure.  It  was  a  royal  hunting 
place.  Leland  says  that  Henry  VII.  slew  his 
gres  (buck)  here  in  1489  "  ('  Wilts  Collections/ 
by  Jackson).  C.  V.  GODDARD. 

STRAW- PLAITING  (10th  S.  iii.  148).— MR. 
CHALKLEY  GOULD  will  find  an  early  reference 
to  the  straw-plait  industry  in  Miss  Agnes 
Strickland's  '  Queens  of  Scotland,'  where  the 
story  goes  that  Mary,  Queen  of  Scots, 
imported  the  art  into  Scotland  from  Lor- 
raine, where  she  observed  the  happiness 
and  contentment,  compared  with  other 
parts,  consequent  upon  the  pursuit  of 
this  calling.  Other  circumstances  with 
regard  to  the  straw-plait  trade,  in  Luton  in 
particular,  led  to  certain  evidences  of  im- 
morality among  those  engaged,  which  have- 
since,  I  believe,  been  subject  to  improvement. 


414 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  in.  MAY  27, 1905. 


Queen  Mary's  subjects  acquiring  consider- 
able skill,  her  son  James  I.,  some  time 
between  1603  and  1625,  started  a  little  colony 
of  plaiters  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Luton, 
it  being  observed— and  I  think  it  is  the  case 
still — that  the  straw  there  was  more  than 
usually  brightly  coloured  and  strong.  The 
trade  was  fostered  and  developed  by  the 
Napier  family,  then  occupying  Luton  Hoo, 
and  seems  to  have  thoroughly  established 
itself  in  that  and  the  surrounding  districts 
by  the  end  of  the  seventeenth  century, for 
Oldmixon,  in  his  '  History  of  England,'  1724, 
mentions  the  trade  as  thriving, and  as  having 
prospered  for  more  than  a  hundred  years. 
See  further  the  Journal  of  the  Society  of 
Arts,  21  December,  1860. 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 
6,  Elgin  Court,  Maida  Vale,  W. 

The  'N.E.D.,'*.v.  '  Hat,J  gives  a  quotation 
of  1540  in  which  ".iij.  straw  hats  "are  men- 
tioned. Q.  v. 

I  have  unfortunately  mislaid  a  history  of 
Dunstable  published  about  the  end  of  the 
eighteenth  century ;  but,  if  my  memory 
serves  me  rightly,  there  is  an  account  therein 
of  the  above  industry  being  centred  at 
Dunstable  many  years  prior  to  the  reign  of 
James  I.  CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Bradford. 

GOETHE  AND  BOOK-KEEPING  (10th  S.  iii.  328). 
— The  reference  for  which  your  correspondent 
seeks  may  be  that  in  '  Wilhelm  Meister's 
Apprenticeship'  (Carlyle's  version,  Book  I. 
chap,  x.),  where  Goethe  makes  Werner,  in 
argument  with  Wilhelra,  eulogize  "book- 
keeping" in  defence  of  a  commercial  as 
against  a  higher  intellectual  life,  but  simply 
as  foil  to  Wilhelm's  brilliant  utterances  in 
favour  of  the  latter  :— 

"  What  advantage  does  he  [the  merchant]  derive 
from  the  system  of  book-keeping  by  double  entry ! 
It  is  among  the  finest  inventions  of  the  human 
«mnd  ;  every  prudent  master  of  a  house  should 
introduce  it  into  his  economy." 

" Book  -  keeping  by  double  entry"  is  not 
perhaps  a  study  that  Goethe  himself  would 
have  seriously  recommended  by  way  of 
attaining  or  ascertaining  what  "he  makes 
Wilhelm  in  reply  allude  to  as  "  the  net  result 
of  life,"  though  in  itself,  no  doubt,  extremely 
useful.  M. 

COPYING  PRESS  (10th  S.  ii.  488 ;  iii.  153).—! 
am  glad  the  name  of  the  inventor  of  the  copy- 
ing press  has  been  duly  recorded  in  'N.  <fe  Q.,' 
and  I  should  like  to  add  to  the  information 
supplied  by  the  editorial  note  at  the  first 
reference  that  specimens  of  the  original 


Soho  copying  press,  together  with  packets 
of  Watt's  copying-ink  powder,  and  a  press 
copy  taken  from  a  letter  dated  1785,  I  think, 
may  be  seen  at  the  Victoria  and  Albert 
Museum.  The  manufacture  of  copying  presses 
was  a  very  important  branch  of  business  at 
Soho.  I  have  not  the  slightest  desire  or 
intention  to  deprive  Watt  of  the  credit  to 
which  he  is  justly  entitled,  but  it  is  curious 
to  notice  that  the  same  idea  seems  to  have 
occurred  to  Samuel  Hartlib,  who  commu- 
nicated to  Evelyn  ('Diary,'  27  Nov.,  1655)  an 
account  of  "An  inke  that  would  give  a  dozen 
copies,  moist  sheets  of  paper  being  pressed 
on  it,  and  remain  perfect."  The  passage  may 
be  found  at  p.  310  of  the  first  volume  of  the 
four-volume  edition  published  in  1852. 

K.  B.  P. 

SHACKLEWELL  (10th  S.  iii.  288,  352).  —  The 
house  14,  Kingsland  Row  (not  Road),  Dalston, 
in  which  Lamb  had  lodgings  while  residing 
at  20,  Russell  Street,  Covent  Garden,  is  now 
swept  away.  Those  interested  in  this  subject 
would  do  well  to  turn  up  and  consult  a  very 
interesting  correspondence  which  will  be 
found  at  the  following  references  :  8th  S.  v.  18, 
114,  194,  477  ;  vi.  9. 

An  engraving  and  description  of  Lamb's 
house  in  Colebrooke  Row,  Islington,  appeared 
in  The  Illustrated  London  Neivs  of  6  January, 
1849.  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

ANTIQUITY  OF  JAPAN  (10th  S.  iii.  149).— 
Dr.  Engelburtus  Ksempfer's  'Account  of 
Japan'  first  appeared  in  English  in  1728. 
Ksempfer  was  a  Dutchman,  and  visited  Japan 
as  medical  officer  of  the  Dutch  factory 
towards  the  end  of  the  seventeenth  century. 
In  chaps,  iii.,  iv.,  ix.,  and  x.  of  Blackwood's 
edition  MR.  F.  A.  EDWARDS  will  find  all  the 
particulars  he  desires. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

The  antiquity  of  the  Mikado  dynasty  is 
enveloped  in  such  a  prehistoric  mist  that  the 
lads  of  the  Rising  Sun  themselves  cannot  see 
further  back  than  660  B.C.  The  Japanese  fix 
the  foundation  of  their  monarchy  under  Syn 
Mu  about  this  year  before  Christ.  The 
earliest  known  government  was  strictly  here- 
ditary and  theocratical.  Syn  Mu  was  at  once 
the  high  priest,  or  representative  of  the 
divinities,  and  king  or  emperor  of  the  people. 
One  hundred  and  twenty-three  Mikados  have 
sat  on  the  throne  of  Japan.  The  date  of  the 
beginning  of  the  Japanese  Empire — that  is, 
660  B.C. — was  not  officially  fixed  until  1872, 
when  the  Chinese  system  of  counting  time 
was  discarded  for  that  in  use  in  Europe.  The 


10*8.  III.  MAY  27,  1905.]          NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


415 


thousand  years  or  so  before  the  eighteenth 
Mikado  are  said  to  have  little  value  as  his- 
tory. See  'Japan,'  by  Chas.  Macfarlane, 
1852,  p.  170;  and  'Japan  in  History,  Folk- 
lore, and  Art,'  by  Wm.  Geo.  Griffis,  1892,  p.  25. 

J.   HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

'  THOMAS  COOPER  (10th  S.  iii.  229,  270).— 
*  Alderman  Ralph,'  by  Adam  Hornbook,  1853, 
2  vols.  pp.  312  and  295,  I  read  in  June, 
1876,  at  Newton  -  le  -  Willows,  Lancashire 
(hence  Willowacre).  It  was  lent  to  me  by 
Mr.  David  Davidson,  for  many  years  chief 
cashier,  until  his  death,  to  Messrs.  McCor- 
quodale  &  Co.,  printers,  of  Newton  -  le  - 
Willows.  He  informed  me  it  was  taken  from 
an  incident  there.  I  forget  the  particulars — 
something  about  a  toll-bar.  I  have  kept  a 
record  of  my  readings  since  September,  1852, 
which  enables  me  to  give  these  particulars. 
RICHARD  HEMMING 

ENGLISHMEN  HOLDING  POSITIONS  UNDER 
FOREIGN  GOVERNMENTS  (10th  S.  iii.  87,  129, 
213).  —  In  The  Windsor  Magazine  of  Sep- 
tember, 1899  (vol.  x.  p.  393),  is  an  article 
entitled  '  Britons  in  the  Service  of  Foreign 
Countries,'  by  A.  de  Burgh.  The  names 
given  are  numerous.  There  are  portraits  of 
the  following  :  William  Henry  Waddington, 
formerly  French  Ambassador  in  this  country ; 
Marshal  MacMahon,  President  of  the  French 
Republic ;  Field-Marshal  Count  Laval  Nugent, 
of  the  Austrian  army  ;  Kaid  Maclean,  Com- 
mander -  in  -  Chief  of  the  Morocco  army ; 
•Charles  O'Donnell,  Duke  of  Tetuan,  formerly 
Spanish  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs  and 
Premier;  Count  Ludwig  Douglas,  Minister 
of  Foreign  Affairs  in  Norway  and  Sweden  ; 
Baron  Aeneas  Mackay  d'Opperment  (sic),  ex- 
Premier  of  Holland  ;  Count  Taafe,  formerly 
Prime  Minister  of  Austria  ;  General  O'Brut- 
scheff  (O'Bryan),  Chief  of  the  General  Staff 
of  the  Russian  army. 

Count  Taafe  (Austrian  Prime  Minister 
1879-93)  was  eleventh  Viscount  Taafe  and 
Baron  Bally  motte  in  the  Irish  peerage,  and 
Count  of  the  Holy  Roman  Empire.  His  son 
Henry,  twelfth  Viscount,  serves  now  (1899) 
in  the  Austrian  army. 

The  Duke  of  Tetuan  claims  to  be  Lord  of 
Donegal. 

Baron  Mackay  is  heir  to  the  Scotch  peerage 
of  Lord  Reay  and  the  chieftaincy  of  the  Mackay 
clan.  According  to  Debrett  (1897)  the  tenth 
Baron  Reay  was  Eneas,  Baron  Mackay 
d'Ophemert,  Minister  of  State  and  Vice- 
President  of  Privy  Council  of  the  Netherlands 
(died  1876).  Mr.de  Burgh  gives  "Aeneas" 
and  "Opperment,"  Debrett  "Eneas"  and 
"  Ophemert";  Ophemert  is,  I  think,  correct. 


A  foreign  nobleman  who  is  a  Scotch  peer 
is  the  Earl  of  New  burgh.  He  is  Sigismund 
Nicholas  Venantius  Gaetano  Francis  Gius- 
tiniani,  fifth  Marquis  Bandini  in  the  Roman 
States  (1850),  created  Prince  Giustiniani  by 
Pope  Pius  IX.  (1863);  and  Duke  of  Mont- 
dragone  (kingdom  of  Naples,  1878).  This 
according  to  Debrett ;  Mr.  de  Burgh  speaks 
of  him  as  Prince  Bandini. 

It  is  perhaps  worth  noting  that  an  account 
of  Mr.  Baker,  of  Tonga,  mentioned  ante, 
p.  130,  is  given  in  The  Temple  Magazine  of 
July,  1900  (vol.  iv.  p.  862),  entitled  'A  Mis- 
sionary who  "Ran'3  a  Kingdom,"  by  Arthur 
Fratson. 

MR.  LEYBURNE  YARKER  (ante,  p.  214)  men- 
tions an  Irishman,  Martin  Waters  Kirwan, 
who  was  a  captain  in  the  Foreign  Legion  in 
the  Franco-Prussian  war.  Perhaps  he  was 
related  to  the  former  owners  of  the  Chateau 
Kirwan,  which  gives  its  name  to  a  Bordeaux 
wine  of  the  3me  Grand  Cru.  It  is  in  the 
district  of  Cantenac,  and  belongs  now,  I 
think,  to  the  town  of  Bordeaux. 

ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

"  Henry  Bailie,  a  son  of  a  gentleman  of  the  same 
name,  was  born  in  Killyleagh,  about  1752.  He 
entered  the  Russian  service  and  attained  the  rank 
of  rear-admiral,  after  having  served  on  many  occa- 
sions with  great  credit.  He  died  at  Sebastapol  in 
1826."— Knox's  'History  of  County  Down,'  8vo, 


Dublin,  1875,  p.  508. 


JOHN  S.  CRONE. 


The  Publishers'  Circular  of  18  March  re- 
cords on  p.  303,  under  the  heading  '  Govern- 
ment Bibliography  in  the  United  States,' 
that  a  '  Calendar  of  John  Paul  Jones  Manu- 
scripts'  has  been  compiled  under  Dr.  C.  H. 
Lincoln  (pp.  316).  Paul  Jones,  born  in  Scot- 
land (where  1)  in  1747,  as  an  American  colonial 
captain  harried  the  English  and  Scottish 
coasts,  and  burnt  or  captured  several  British 
ships.  The  frontispiece  is  a  portrait  of  John 
Paul,  who  became  a  Russian  rear-admiral, 
and  died  in  Paris  in  1792. 

ROBERT  MURDOCH  LAWRANCE. 

71,  Bon-Accord  Street,  Aberdeen. 

[The  'D.N.B.'  states  that  Paul  Jones  was  born 
in  Kirkbean,  Kirkcudbrightshire.] 

DIVING-BELL  (10th  S.  iii.  247,  349).-Cf. 
Hone's  '  Table  Book,'  1827  (index),  reprinted 
by  Ward,  Lock  &  Co.,  1891,  p.  382. 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

SATAN'S  AUTOGRAPH  (10th  S.  iii.  268,  356).— 
Allow  me  to  refer  MR.  A.  R.  BAYLEY  to  6th 
S.  vi.  248,  where  he  will  find  an  article  by 
me  entitled  'The  Devil's  Handwriting  at 
Queen's  College,  Oxford,'  chiefly  taken  from 
'  The  Private  Journal  and  Literary  Remains 


416 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  m.  MAY  27,  IMS. 


of  John  Byrom,'  published  by  the  Chetham 
Society,  a  series,  I  should  say,  in  that  library. 
Dr.  Byrom  (1691-1763)  invented  a  system  of 
shorthand,  was  the  author  of  the  well-known 
Christmas  hymn  '  Christians,  Awake,'  and  a 
contributor  to  The  Spectator. 

JOHN  PicKFORD,  M.A. 
Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

A  facsimile  of  the  writing  of  Asmodeus  is 
given  in  Didron's  'Christian  Iconography' 
(Margaret  Stokes's  edition),  vol.  ii.  p.  148. 
This,  as  the  book  suggests,  was  probably 
obtained  from  some  document  found  among 
the  properties  pertaining  to  a  religious  play. 
The  date,  recorded  in  diabolic  script, is  19  May, 
1624.  ST.  SWITHIN. 

ALL  FOOLS'  DAY  (10th  S.  iii.  286,  333).— 
Tom  Brown  wrote  : — 

The  First  of  April 's  All  Fools'  Day, 
You  '11  grant  me  this  fact  ? — nay,  sir,  nay, 
The  first  of  every  month 's  the  same, 
Ditto  the  last — the  more  's  the  shame. 
Each  year  past  or  to  come  's  fools'  year — 
Folly  ne'er  halts  in  her  career. 
When  time  is  o'er,  and  worlds  have  fled, 
Then -only  then,  is  folly  dead. 

J.   HOLDEN  MAcMlCHAEL. 

The  couplet  used  hereabouts  by  way  of  a 
rejoinder,  if  any  one  tries  to  make  an  "  April 
fool"  after  midday  on  1  April,  is  : — 
April 's  going,  May  's  a-coming, 
You  're  the  fool  for  being  so  cunning. 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 
West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

HENRY  TRAVERS  (10th  S.  iii.  346).— A  bio- 
graphical notice  of  the  above-named,  and 
reference  to  his  'Miscellaneous  Poems,'  have 
already  appeared  in  '  N.  &  Q.,'  see  7th  S.  i. 
409,  473 ;  also  The  Gentleman's  Magazine  for 
1731.  EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

JOHN  BUTLER,  M.P.  FOR  SUSSEX  (10th  S.  ii. 
129;  iii.  257,  311).— He  was  eldest  son  of 
James  Butler,  of  Warminghurst,  also  M.P. 
for  Sussex,  died  1741,  who  was  grandson  of 
James  Butler,  of  Sandwich,  deacon  of  the 
Dutch  Church  in  London,  who  purchased 
Amberley  Castle,  Sussex,  in  1648,  was  M.P. 
for  Arundel,  and  died  in  1660. 

I  note  an  error  in  MR.  R.  L.  MORETOS'S 
communication  (p.  311)  respecting  the  Butlers 
of  Rye.  According  to  the  pedigree  of  that 
family  issued  from  the  Heralds'  College  in 
1898,  Richard  Butler,  Town  Clerk  of  Rye, 
was  the  eldest  son  by  his  first  marriage,  and 
Daniel  only  son  by  the  second  marriage,  of 
Richard  (not  Daniel)  Butler,  of  Claines, 
Worcester,  a  civilian  proctor,  who  died  in 


1715.  Daniel  Butler,  attorney  first  at  Rye 
with  his  brother,  and  subsequently  at  Mar- 
gate, was  great-grandfather  of  the  present 
Master  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge.  There 
is  no  Daniel  of  prior  date  in  the  pedigree. 
Several  of  that  name  are  recorded  in  Buck- 
inghamshire in  the  seventeenth  and  eigh- 
teenth centuries,  the  earliest  instance  with 
which  I  am  acquainted  being  that  of  Daniel 
Butler,  of  Eton,  c.  1600,  who  bore  the  Bewsey 
arms.  It  also  occurs  at  Chester,  1662  ;  St. 
Nicholas  Aeon,  London,  1625;  and  in  a 
rant  of  lands  in  Yorkshire  and  Derbyshire 
y  King  John.  I  should  be  glad  if  any  of 
your  readers  could  furnish  other  instances 
of  early  date.  C.  E.  BUTLER. 

POLONIUS  AND  LORD  BuRLEIGII :   CECIL  AND 

MONTANO  (10th  S.  iii.  305).  —  Since  sending 
the  note  with  this  caption  I  have  found  the 
following,  which  may  lead  to  light  on  the 
subject.  In  Hepworth  Dixon's  '  Personal 
History  of  Lord  Bacon,'  at  the  beginning  of 
chap,  v.,  is  this  : — 

"Under  the  eyes  of  Blount,  Essex  parts  more 
and  more  from  the  good  cause  and  from  those  who 
love  it.  His  horses  are  not  now  seen  in  Gray's  Inn 
Square.  The  correspondence  with  Anthony  Bacon 
drops.  The  barges  which  float  to  Essex  stairs  bring 
other  company  than  the  Veres  and  Raleighs,  the 
Cecils,  Nottinghams,  and  Greys.  To  sup  with  bold, 
bad  men  ;  to  listen  when  he  ought  to  strike ;  to 
waste  his  manhood  on  the  frail  Southwells  and 
Howards,  have  become  the  feverish  habits  of  his 
life.  Sir  Charles  Danvers,  Sir  Charles  and  Sir 
Jocelyn  Percy,  Sir  William  Constable,  Captain  John 
Lee, — all  alike  discontented  and  disloyal  Ronian 
Catholics,  —  are  now  his  household  and  familiar 
friends.  The  young  apostate  Lord  Monteagle  sita 
at  his  board ;  though  merely,  as  is  guessed  from 
what  comes  after,  in  the  shameful  character  of 
Cecil's  tool  and  spy." 

This,  of  course,  refers  to  Robert  Cecil,  but 
the  year  of  the  occurrence  is  1598,  the  year 
of  Lord  Burleigh's  death,  and  Robert  fol- 
lowed very  closely  in  his  father's  footsteps — 
especially  in  his  system  of  espionage.  The 
Lord  Monteagle  or  Mountegle  referred  to 
was  also  known  as  Sir  William  Parker.  Sped- 
ding  calls  him  —  apparently  by  mistake — 
Sir  Henry  Parker.  The  name  Monteagle  is 
curiously  suggestive  of  Montano.  Can  it  be 
shown  that  Parker  was  employed  as  a  spy  by 
Burleigh,  or  suspected  of  being  so  employed  ? 
The  'Dictionary  of  National  Biography'  does 
not  help.  ISAAC  HULL  PLATT. 

New  York. 

ADDITION  TO  CHRISTIAN  NAME  (10th  S.  iiL 
328,  374). —  The  custom,  universal  in  the 
Roman  Catholic  Church,  of  persons  taking 
another  Christian  name  at  confirmation  in 
addition  to  those  conferred  at  baptism  may 


10*8.  HI.  MAY  27,  1905.]         NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


417 


occasionally  lead  to  confusion.  While  it  is 
not  usual  to  employ  this  name  in  one's 
ordinary  signature,  a  good  many  of  the  early 
Oxford  converts  did  so,  and  in  one  particular 
case  a  man  whose  only  Christian  name  was 
Edward  assumed  the  name  of  Francis  at 
confirmation  and  commenced  to  sign  legal 
and  other  documents  with  the  two  names, 
instead  of  the  one  as  heretofore.  Consider- 
able trouble  was  caused,  and  he  finally 
reverted  to  his  original  signature.  I  had 
some  difficulty  a  short  time  ago  in  proving 
that  a  certain  individual  who  had  signed  a 
document  with  only  his  Christian  name  Paul 
and  his  surname  was  the  same  person  who 
witnessed  another  document  signing  himself 
Paul  Anthony  and  his  surname.  It  seems  a 
pity  that  neither  in  the  Roman  Catholic  nor 
the  Anglican  Church  confirmations  should  be 
registered.  FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 

This  process  may  be  effected  very  easily. 
Suppose  that  a  child  has  its  name  registered 
at  birth  (say  as  N  or  M),  then  at  subsequent 
baptism  another  name  may  be  added  in 
perfect  legal  fashion,  as  per  evidence  in 
parish  register.  Now  in  adult  baptism  the 
same  process  may  be  effected,  but  no  doubt 
with  certain  limitations.  A.  H. 

THE  WRECK  OF  THE  WAGER  (10th  S.  i.  201, 
230,  335).— At  p.  36  of  the  'Report  on  the 
Manuscripts  of  Lady  Du  Cane '  there  is  men- 
tion of  "one  Lieutenant  Hambletpn  of 
Meareend."  As  no  note  of  correction  or 
explanation  is  given,  and  these  names  appear 
also  in  the  index,  may  I  say  that  the  refer- 
ence is  to  Lieut.  Hamilton  of  the  Marines  ? 

W.  S. 

LYNDE  :  DELALYNDE  (10th  S.  iii.  309).  — 
In  Woodward  and  Burnett's  'Treatise  on 
Heraldry  '  it  is  mentioned  that  "Argent,  a 
cross  embattled  gules,"  was  borne  in  early 
times  by  the  De  la  Lyndes  (vol.  i.  p.  142). 

Among  the  seals  in  the  British  Museum  is 
that  of  Elias  de  la  Lynde,  of  co.  Dorset 
(No.  11,490).  The  date  in  catalogue  is  1377. 
The  description  :  "A  shield  of  arms,  a  cross 
engrailed.  Crest,  on  a  dexter  hand  and  arm 
lying  fess-wise  a  bird/'  Inscription  :  "  Sigil- 
lurn  :  elye  :  de  :  la  :  lynde"  in  Gothic  letters. 

CHR.  WATSON. 

264,  Worple  Road,  Wimbledon. 

RUSSIAN  AND  JAPANESE  :  OFFICIAL  AND 
PRIVATE  COMMUNICATIONS  (10th  S.  iii.  347). — 
In  The  Times  of  1  March  (p.  4)  is  a  most 
interesting  account  of  the  negotiations  for 
the  surrender  of  Port  Arthur.  It  is  entitled, 
"  The  Fall  of  Port  Arthur.  (From  our  Cor- 
respondent with  the  Port  Arthur  Army.) 


The  Capitulation."  Among  the  Japanese 
mention  is  made  of  Major  Yamaoka,  "  who 
speaks  excellent  Russian,"  and  "several 
official  interpreters."  The  writer  says  : — 

"  The  negotiations  were  carried  on  in  English, 
with  occasional  asides  in  Russian.  Major-General 
Ijichi  speaks  and  understands  English,  and  Dr. 
Arigais  also  an  excellent  English  scholar;  but  on 
the  side  of  the  Russians  the  young  midshipman 
[mentioned  before,  but  name  not  given]  alone  was 
at  all  efficient,  so  to  him  fell  the  difficult  task  of 
confronting  a  celebrated  international  lawyer  [i.e., 
Dr.  Ariga]  and  a  famous  chief  of  staff  [i.e.,  General 
Ijichi]." 

In  the  latter  part  of  the  negotiations  the 
question  arose  of  the  Russian  officers  taking 
the  "  oath  of  parole  not  to  serve  again." 
They  said  that  they  could  not  take  a  binding 
oath  without  the  consent  of  the  Tsar.  "  They 
wished  to  be  allowed  to  despatch  a  telegram 
to  him.  The  Japanese  consented  to  this, 
provided  it  was  written  clearly  in  English." 

Possibly  the  capitulation  was  in  the  Eng- 
lish language,  but  there  is  no  statement  as 
1  to  this. 

Neither  General  Baron  Nogi  nor  General 
Stossel  was  present  at  the  conference.  The 
former  was  represented  by  General  Ijichi 
and  others,  the  latter  by  Col.  Reiss  and 
others.  ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 
Diary  and  Letters  of  Madame  D'Arblay.     With 

Preface  and  Notes  by  Austin  Dobson.     Vol.  V. 

(Macmillan  &  Co.) 

IN  the  penultimate  volume  of  her  '  Diary,' Fanny 
Burney,  free  from  the  responsibilities  of  attendance 
upon  royalty,  is  back  in  her  own  home,  prepared 
for  a  short  time  to  enjoy  the  sweets  of  liberty.  If 
we  found  previously  occasion  to  dwell  upon  the 
paucity  of  the  allusions  to  events  in  France,  no  need 
for  such  comment  remains.  French  affairs,  indeed, 
occupy  a  very  large,  though  we  can  scarcely  say 
disproportionate,  space  in  the  volume ;  and  we 
obtain  a  very  animated  picture  of  the  dismay 
in  Court  circles,  with  which  she  maintained 
a  close  intimacy,  at  the  news  of  the  fate  of 
Louis  XVI.  Her  own  fate  was  to  be  greatly 
influenced  by  the  emigration  to  England  which 
followed  the  Terror,  and  the  name  of  M.  D'Arblay 
occurs  with  no  less  frequency  than  that  of  Mr. 
Turbulent  or  Mr.  Fairly  in  previous  volumes. 
No  disappointment  is  now  in  store  for  our 
heroine.  D'Arblay  in  due  course  proposes  and  is 
accepted,  the  very  natural  objections  of  Dr.  Burney 
are  surmounted,  and  a  marriage,  apparently  im- 
provident as  it  can  be,  takes  place  and  proves 
exceptionally  happy.  We  may  not,  however,  treat 
the  diary  and  letters  as  a  new  work  and  dwell 
upon  the  good  things  they  contain.  Fanny's  style 
is  as  entertaining  and  as  atrocious  as  ever,  and  we 
see  with  regret  how  her  habit  of  imitating  pre- 
vious models  is  sapping  her  capacity  and  her  popu- 


418 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  in.  MAY  27, 1905. 


larity.  Her  affection  for  her  royal  mistress  and  for 
the  young  princesses  is  so  genuine,  and  in  her  case 
so  well  merited,  that  we  cease  to  think  of  her  book 
as  an  instance  of  flunkeydom  in  excelsis.  Mr. 
Dobson's  notes  remain  invaluable,  and  the  work, 
which  in  certain  quarters  has  provoked  un- 
generous comment,  is  in  its  way  unsurpassable.  So 
much  of  the  information  as  we  have  tested— and 
the  period  covered  is  to  us,  as  to  others,  fairly 
familiar — is  useful  and  impeccable.  A  propos  of  Mrs. 
Wells,  the  actress,  concerning  whose  proceedings 
(pp.  102  et  seq.)  a  strange  story  is  told,  it  might  be 
worth  while  saying  that  at  that  time  (1792)  she  was 
called  Sumbel  ;  that  she  had  been  mad,  and  was  a 
drunkard.  Once  more  the  illustrations  constitute 
an  attractive  feature.  There  are  reproduced  por- 
traits of  Elizabeth  Montagu  after  Sir  Joshua,  of 
Sir  Joshua  by  himself,  and  of  M.  D'Arblay  from  an 
original  crayon  drawing ;  eight  views  of  spots  of 
interest  mentioned  in  the  work,  including  Camilla 
Cottage,  a  singularly  unattractive  edifice  erected 
by  D'Arblay  for  his  bride,  and  named  after  one  of 
her  works  ;  a  map  of  Mickleham  and  its  environs, 
and  two  facsimiles.  The  completion  of  the  '  Diary' 
may  now  speedily  be  anticipated. 

The  Magic  of  the  Horseshoe  :  with  other  Folk-lore 
Notes.  By  Robert  Means  Lawrence,  M.D. 
(Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co.) 

THERE  are  few  superstitions  so  widespread  as 
those  concerning  the  horseshoe,  and  few  which  have 
been  more  keenly  discussed  in  pur  own  pages,  and 
in  all  compilations  occupied  with  popular  beliefs. 
Almost  alone  among  faiths  that  in  the  good  fortune 
attaching  to  the  horseshoe  has  begot  a  kind  of 
reactionary  or  burlesque  folk-lore,  and  the  North- 
Country  peasant  will  say  of  himself,  with  bitter 
irony,  "  Lucky  devil,  lost  a  shilling  and  found  a 
horseshoe  ! "  At  the  seventh  annual  meeting  of  the 
American  Folk-lore  Society,  held  at  Philadelphia, 
28  December,  1895,  Dr.  Lawrence  read  a  paper  on 
'  Horseshoe  Magic,'  an  abstract  of  which  appeared 
in  the  society's  Journal  for  the  following  year.  This 
he  has  since  expanded  into  the  present  volume. 
Almost  half  the  work  is  occupied  with  horseshoe 
magic,  the  remainder  being  distributed  under  such 
headings  as  'Fortune  and  Luck,'  'Folk-lore  of  Com- 
mon Salt,'  'Omens  of  Sneezing,'  '  Days  of  Good  and 
Evil  Omen,' '  Superstitious  Dealings  with  Animals,' 
and  'Luck  of  Odd  Numbers.'  Wide  enough  is  the  range 
accepted  by  the  author,  and  within  his  self-imposed 
limits  he  finds  room  for  much  curious  and  interest- 
ing information,  as  well  as  for  some  matters  that 
tend,  perhaps  rather  superfluously,  to  edification. 
A  propos  of  the  luck  of  numbers,  we  are  thus  told 
that  the  belief  in  the  sinister  and  portentous 
character  of  the  number  thirteen  is  incompatible 
with  a  deep  and  abiding  Christian  faith.  In  con- 
nexion with  the  belief  in  odd  numbers,  it  may  be 
mentioned  that  there  is  a  world  which  believes  in 
the  virtue  of  even  numbers.  This  is  less  numerous, 
doubtless,  but  not  wholly  negligible.  No  pretence 
is  put  forward  that  the  work  is  definite  and  final. 
It  represents,  however,  systematic  and  sustained 
research,  and  may  be  commended  to  our  readers,  and 
notably  to  those  who  have  taken  part  in  the  discus- 
sion on  horseshoe  magic  scarcely  yet  closed  in  our 
columns.  Processes  for  hardening  the  feet  of  horses 
and  mules  are  mentioned  in  Xenophon,  but  the 
occasional  use  of  iron  horseshoes  can  scarcely  be 
traced  further  back  than  the  fourth  century  of  our 
«ra.  To  those  who  seek  prosaic  and  practical  ex- 


planations of  folk-lore  may  be  commended  the  old 
German  saying  (quoted  p.  6),  "  A  nail  preserves  a 
country,"  since  the  nail  holds  the  horseshoe 
which  protects  the  horse  which  carries  the  knight 
who  holds  the  castle  which  protects  the  country. 
We  soon  get  upon  the  subject  of  horns,  on  which 
Mr.  Elworthy  is  the  chief  authority.  Horns 
lead  us  to  the  crescent  moon,  and  so  to  the 
prayers  and  songs  of  "  Sidonian  virgins,"  and 
over  almost  the  entire  domain  of  primitive 
culture.  It  is,  indeed,  quite  impossible  that  we 
should  follow  Dr.  Lawrence  in  his  interesting 
and  profitable  quest,  and  we  must  content  our- 
selves with  once  more  commending  his  book  to  the 
perusal  of  our  readers. 

A  Life  of  William  Shakespeare.    By  Sidney  Lee. 

With  Portraits  and  Facsimiles.     Fifth  Edition. 

(Smith  &  Elder.) 

SEVEN"  years  after  its  first  appearance  in  volume 
form,  Dr.  Lee's  life  of  Shakespeare  has  passed  into 
a  fifth  edition,  establishing  thus  its  right  to  rank 
as  a  classic  and  to  pass  as  the  most  generally  ac- 
cepted and  authoritative  memoir  of  the  poet  that 
has  seen  the  light.  In  the  fifth  edition  some  few  cor- 
rections have  been  made  and  some  new  information 
has  been  supplied.  Chaps,  xviii.  and  xix.  witness 
the  most  important  additions,  the  former  presenting 
much  that  is  fresh  concerning  Shakespeare's  hand- 
writing, and  the  latter  furnishing  for  the  first  time 
a  precise  estimate  of  the  number  of  copies  extant 
of  the  First  Folio.  Further  explanation  of  the 
circumstances  in  which  Shakespeare's  plays  were 
published  in  his  lifetime  is  to  be  found,  and 
details  are  given  concerning  the  careers  and 
characters  of  the  printers  and  publishers.  Much 
recent  Shakespearian  comment  and  exegesis  ob- 
tains mention.  None  of  the  alterations  that  have 
been  made  affects  the  original  scheme  of  the 
work,  nor  has  the  writer  seen  fit  to  modify 
the  conclusions  at  which  he  has  arrived  on 
crucial  points.  A  reproduction  of  the  Droeshout 
portrait  forms  the  frontispiece,  and  a  second  is 
given  of  the  Devonshire  bust  in  the  Garrick  CluH. 
Lord  Southampton's  portrait  from  Welbeck  Abbey 
appears  opposite  p.  149.  The  facsimiles  include, 
presumably  for  the  first  time,  the  contemporary 
and  most  interesting  inscription  in  Jaggard's  pre- 
sentation copy  of  the  First  Folio.  This  new  and 
handsome  edition  cannot  but  add  to  the  popu- 
larity of  an  important  and  eminent  work. 

Pocket  Dictionary  of  the  English  and  French  Lan- 
guayes.  By  J.  E.  Wessely.  Re-written,  improved, 
and  greatly  enlarged  by  Edward  Latham.  (Rout- 
ledge  &  Sons.) 

A  PRETTY,  portable,  well-printed,  and,  as  we  can 
say  from  experience,  serviceable  little  volume  is 
this.  For  ordinary  purposes  it  is  all  that  is  neces- 
sary. If  we  ask  why  books  of  the  class  should  not 
be  written  up  to  date  and  enriched  with  a  little 
slang  so  soon  as  that  rises  into  literature,  we  are 
not  disparaging  the  present  work,  since  what  we 
say  applies  to  dictionaries  of  tenfold  its  importance. 
Thrice  within  the  present  week  we  have  come  in 
serious  literature  upon  the  word  fetard,  yet  no 
dictionary  we  possess  stoops  to  chronicle  it.  Slang 
is,  of  course,  a  very  fluctuating  thing.  It  would  be 
wise,  however,  to  take  some  note  of  its  variation. 
Demi  -  mondaine  is  a  word  of  constant  occur- 
rence which  is  not  given.  Under  grisette  we 
find  only  the  same  word,  grisette,  which  is  in- 


10*  8.  III.  MAT  27, 1905.]          NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


adequate.  Heimin,  a  species  of  fifteenth-century 
feminine  headdress,  does  not  appear,  nor  does  it 
in  the  dictionary  of  M.  Gasc.  Within  its  limits 
the  book  is,  however,  good.  It  is  very  convenient, 
and  pocket  dictionaries  are  not  intended  for  the 
use  of  scholars. 

The  Rhymers  Lexicon.  By  Andrew  Loring.  With 
Introduction  by  G.  Saint.sbury.  (Routledge&Sons.) 
'  A  RIMING  DICTIONARY,'  by  John  Walker,  philo- 
logist and  ex-actor,  enjoyed  during  the  last  century 
a  kind  of  popularity,  and  aided  with  other  works 
in  securing  for  its  author  a  certain  amount  of 
academic  recognition.  A  similar  work,  more 
scientific  in  basis  and  on  a  more  ambitious  scale, 
ushered  in  by  a  preface  of  almost  superfluous  erudi- 
tion by  Prof.  Saintsbury,  is  now  issued  by 
Mr.  Loring.  It  is  intended  for  the  use  of  rimesters 
and  poets,  and  to  such  of  them  as  are  accustomed 
to  seek  artificial  aid  it  may  be  commended.  Per- 
sonally, we  can  believe  in  no  one,  not  even  the 
fabricator  of  Limericks,  finding  a  dictionary  of  the 
kind  of  any  service;  but  quien  sabe  ?  We  cannot 
conceive  Byron  finding  herein  "hen-pecked  you 
all"  as  a  rime  to  "intellectual,"  Ingoldsby  "hot 
coffee  lees  "  to  "  Mephistopheles,"  or  Butler  "green 
cheese"  to  "inch  is."  The  book  is,  however,  a 
work  of  extreme  labour,  is  very  recondite  and 
complete  in  its  fashion,  and  if  any  one  wants  it — 
why,  here  it  is. 

'THE  ARAB,'  in  The  Edinburgh  Revieio  for  April, 
is  not  only  charming  to  read  as  a  relaxation,  but 
also  worth  careful  study,  for  the  writer  has  formed 
his  conclusions  on  a  wide  basis  of  observation.  His 
description  of  the  desert  is  one  of  the  best  we  have 
seen,  and  he  has  shown  the  effect  of  it  on  the  Arab 
race  in  a  manner  that  must  be  convincing  to  any 
one  who  realizes  the  power  climate  and  scenery 
exercise  over  human  character.  He  does  not 
idealize  these  desert-dwellers,  but  reports  of  them 
much  that  is  evil  as  well  as  good.  As  to  those 
who  have  left  off  their  wild  outdoor  life  he  has 
little  that  is  good  to  tell.  We  are  by  no  means 
in  agreement  with  all  he  says  about  Arab  civiliza- 
tion. That  it  was  from  the  first  widely  different 
from  that  of  Europe  it  is  impossible  to  deny ;  but 
though  blended  with  monstrous  evils  it  had  also  a 
very  noble  side.  To  speak  of  the  Arab  conquests 
as  resting  on  no  foundation  of  common  sense  is 
startling.  It  is  either  a  truism  or  a  blunder.  It 
might  with  equal  justice  be  said  of  almost  every 
conquering  race  we  meet  with  in  history.  The 
Arabs  had  zeal  for  religion,  and  imperfect,  or  even 
false,  as  we  Westerns  may  regard  it,  their  whole 
souls  were  influenced  by  it  in  the  earlier  time,  and, 
great  as  •was  their  decadence  in  later  centuries, 
retrogressive  as  the  countries  under  their  sway 
have  become,  can  we  believe  that  what  they  sup- 
pressed would  have  brought  forth  better  things 
than  what  they  gave?  That  their  policy — if  a 
policy  it  can  be  called — was  not  based  on  a  "  con- 
secutive and  thought-out  plan"  we  willingly 
concede ;  but  does  not  this  apply  to  nearly  all 
mediaeval  warfare?  What  are  we  to  say  of  the 
early  Crusades  ?  They  were  based  on  a  heroism 
as  exalted  as  the  world  has  ever  seen,  but  strategy 
was  wanting  as  much  on  one  side  as  the  other,  as  it 
is  among  a  cluster  of  dogs  fighting  on  a  village 
green.  The  Arabs  encouraged  learning  and  founded 
schools  and  libraries.  Their  art  was  on  some  sides 
limited ;  but  to  speak  of  their  architecture,  when 


original,  as  a  "concoction  of  whim  and  fancy"" 
forcibly  reminds  one  of  the  way  the  eighteenth- 
century  "men  of  taste"  talked  of  the  glories  of 
mediaeval  art.  In  latter  days  we  can  find  even* 
more  to  say  against  the  Arabs  than  the  reviewer 
does.  No  one  can  denounce  their  piracies  and 
the  revolting  cruelties  that  accompanied  them, 
too  strongly.  They  swept  not  only  the  Medi- 
terranean, but  at  times  the  Atlantic  coasts  of 
Spain,  and  even  harried  occasionally  the  shores  of 
the  English  Channel.  At  last  things  became  so- 
unbearable  that  Charles  I.  sent  vessels  to  attack 
Salee.  On  this  occasion  a  great  number  of  English- 
slaves  were  delivered.  There  is  no  doubt  that 
many  of  these  unhappy  people  had  been  captured 
on  our  coasts,  for  a  few  years  later  an  attack  was 
made  near  Penzance,  and  sixty  men,  women,  and* 
children  carried  away.  There  can  be  no  moral  set- 
off  as  to  crimes  of  this  kind  ;  but  it  is  not  amiss  to- 
remember  that  in  the  days  of  Elizabeth  our  pirates 
harried  the  Spaniards  in  times  of  peace,  and  that 
English  gentlemen  thought  nothing  of  it ;  and  that 
in  the  seventeenth  century  the  Dunkirk  pirates 
were  a  great  terror.  Had  the  nations  of  Christian 
Europe  possessed  either  wisdom  or  energy  they 
would  have  combined  to  stamp  out  the  nests  of 
sea-thieves  which  fringed  the  coasts  of  North- 
Africa  ;  but  they  could  not  unite,  they  were  far 
too  much  employed  in  waging  wars  of  religion  and' 
for  the  extension  of  territory  to  dream  of  united- 
action  against  a  common  danger.  '  A  Liberal  French- 
Noble  of  the  Revolution'  is  a  careful  and  well- 
balanced  sketch  of  the  Due  de  Liancourt,  a  man  of" 
somewhat  narrow  views,  it  may  be,  but  in  most  of 
the  practical  things  of  life  far  in  advance  of  his 
time.  Living  through  the  Revolution,  he  never  lost 
his  power  of  judgment.  He  believed  in  organized 
relief  of  the  indigent  and  the  education  of  the 
people  on  modern  lines,  both  which  things  in  their 
old  forms  had  been  dislocated  or  swept  away  by 
the  fall  of  the  Church.  Liancourt  was  a  man  of 
peace,  and  he  realized,  as  few  Frenchmen  of  his 
day  did,  that  a  stable  government  was  a  primary 
necessity,  and  therefore  endeavoured  during  the- 
Empire  and  the  Restoration  to  retain,  as  far  as 
might  be,  the  reforms  on  which  he  had  set  his 
heart  by  a  subserviency  with  which  strong  par- 
tisans could  have  no  sympathy.  '  Earthquakes  and 
the  New  Seismology'  brings  up  our  knowledge  of" 
earthquakes  to  the  present  time,  pointing  out  not 
only  what  is  certain,  but  what  is  at  present  in  the 
shadowland  of  the  unknown.  We  do  not  wish  to 
affirm  that  the  true  cause  of  earthquakes  will  for 
ever  remain  hidden.  It  would  be  extremely  rash 
to  say  thus  much  of  any  natural  phenomenon,  but 
the  difficulties  of  discovery  are  enormous.  There- 
are  now  stations  in  many  parts  of  the  world 
where  earth-movements  are  recorded  and  tabulated  ;. 
but  this,  though  necessary,  is  going  but  a  little 
way.  Have  we  any  evidence  that  solar  and  lunar 
attraction  has  effect  on  the  earth's  structure?  and- 
may  we  provisionally  assume  that  electric  forces 
count  for  much  or  little  ?  All  these  and  many  more 
questions  are  asked  from  time  to  time,  but  satis- 
factory replies  have  not  been  given.  '  Sainte- 
Beuve  and  the  Romantics  '  is  a  good  paper ;  and  we 
have  been  much  interested,  though  not  convinced, 
by  the  '  Three  Phases  of  Pastoral  Sentiment.'  There 
has  been  so  much  literature  of  late  regarding  Tibet, . 
and  so  much  more  is,  we  understand,  in  prepara- 
tion, that  it  is  a  necessity  for  us  to  have  a  clue 
around  which  to  arrange  new  knowledge  and  specu- 


420 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io*  s.  m.  MAY  27, 1905. 


lation  as  it  comes  in.  For  this  purpose  nothing 
can  be  better  than  the  review;  before  us  of  some  of 
the  leading  works  on  the  subject. 

The  Scottish  Historical  fieview  (Glasgow,  Mac- 
Lehose  &  Sons)  is  always  interesting,  and  more 
•especially  so  in  those  papers  which  relate  exclu- 
sively to  Scotland ;  but  there  are  exceptions  to  be 
made,  and  we  have  a  striking  one  before  us  in  the 
number  for  April  in  Mr.  R.  D.  Melville's  paper  on 
'  Judicial  Torture.'    The  writer  here  very  properly 
includes  England  as  well  as  his  own  country.    In 
the  strict  sense,  torture  for  the  sake  of  extracting 
evidence  has  never  been  part  of  the  law  of  England, 
And  the  writer  tells  us— a  fact  of  which  we  were 
not  previously  cognizant— that  the  same  was  the 
case  in  Aragon  and  Sweden.    We  need  not  say, 
however,  that  in  all  barbarous  States  callousness 
as  to  human  suffering  has  prevailed  to  a  degree 
which  fills  the  modern  mind  with  sickening  horror. 
In  most  of  the  other  States  of  Europe  torture  was 
not  only  in  use,  but  also  strictly  legal,  having  been 
absorbed  into  the  various  national  codes  from  the  old 
Roman  law.     The  practice  extended  both  to  Eng- 
land and  Scotland,  but  was  legal  only  in  the  latter 
•country.     Though  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  it 
was  illegal  in  England,   it  was  employed  all  the 
same.    When  Felton  murdered  the  Duke  of  Buck- 
ingham the  judges    unanimously  declared  against 
torturing  the  criminal ;  but  there  is  overwhelming 
evidence    that    it    was    frequently    permitted    by 
•exercise  of  the  royal  prerogative.     When  torture 
is   referred   to    in    historical    or   legal    books    it 
•commonly  means  that  form   of  it  used  to  extract 
evidence  ;  but  there  was  another  kind,  namely,  that 
after  conviction  in  cases  of  high  treason.     The  sen- 
tence in  these  cases  is  far  too  horrible  to  be  dwelt 
-upon  here.     It  may  be  well,  however,  to  say  that 
the  regicides  suffered  in  this  manner   after   the 
Restoration,  and  several  of  the  Jacobites  who  had 
*een  out  with  Prince  Charles  in  the  '45.     We  were 
beforehand  with  the  continental  cation*  in  this 
particular :  torture  was  put  an  end  to  in  Scotland 
as  early  as  1708.    It  has  often  been  said  that  the 
French  Revolution  caused  the  abolition  of  torture 
^throughout  Christian  Europe.    That  its  influence 
was  in  that  direction  no  one  can  doubt ;  but  the 
-statement  is,  nevertheless,  not  accurate.    It  was 
.not  finally  done  away  with  in  Hanover  until  1840, 
though  suspended  eighteen  years  earlier;   but  in 
the  Kingdom  of  Naples,  Mr.  Melville  tells  us,  it 
lingered  till  1860.      The  writer  has  furnished  his 
readers  with  a  series  of  engravings,  which  will  be  of 
.service  to  those  who  wish  to  realize  the  sufferings 
of  those  on  whom  torture  was  inflicted.     Dr.  W.  E. 
Scott  has  contributed  an  excellent  article  on  many 
of  the  industrial  undertakings  of  Scotland  when 
she  was  an  independent  kingdom,  and  Mr.  Thomas 
H  Bryce  gives  us  a  paper  on  '  Scottish  Ethnology.' 
He  treats  a  difficult  subject  in   a  lucid   manner, 
though  we  are  by  no  means  sure  that  all  his  con- 
clusions will  stand  the  test  of  further  discovery 
and  research.    In  Mr.  Eeles's  paper  on  the  altar  of 
St.  Fergus  in  Holy  Trinity,  St.  Andrews,  there  is  a 
curious  inventory  of  the  year  1525.     It  is  not  an 
inventory  only,  but  also  an  account  of  work  done. 
As  an  example,  we  are  told  that  Sir  James  Braid 
had  built  a  dovecot,  six  fireplaces,  a  bath,  sunk  a 
well,  and  planted  trees  in  the  garden.     This  men- 
tion of  making  a  bath  is  useful,  as  there  are  still 
simple  folk  who  think    that  in  pre-Reformation 
times  cleanliness  was  discouraged. 


STUDENTS  will  be  interested  to  hear  of  Dr. 
Reich's  monumental  work  which  Messrs.  P.  S.  King 
&  Son  will  publish  shortly.  Dr.  Reich  has  been 
long  engaged  in  collecting  documents  illustrating 
the  history  of  mediaeval  and  modern  times, 
and  the  result  is  a  volume  of  some  800  pages.  Four 
trained  students  of  history,  in  addition  to  the 
editor,  have  been  employed  in  the  task.  To  each 
document  is  prefixed  a  short  introduction  or  head- 
ing giving  the  essential  facts,  or  points  of  view, 
illustrating  the  historical  perspective  of  the  docu- 
ment. A  short,  yet  full  bibliography  for  the 
further  study  of  the  details,  circumstances,  and 
effects  of  the  events  on  institutions  recorded  in  the 
documents  is  appended  to  the  introductions.  The 
index,  which  alone  consists  of  some  70  pages,  has 
been  designed  with  a  view  of  exhausting  both  the 
proper  names  and  the  subjects  contained  in  the 
documents.  With  the  rare  exception  of  a  few 
unimportant  names  containing  mere  titles  of 
ambassadors,  every  proper  name  of  "  subject," 
whether  bearing  on  historical  geography,  diplo- 
matic, or  church,  has  been  entered  in  the  index, 
together  with  some  qualifying  word,  so  as  to  avoid 
bald  references. 


$]t0tkes  ia 

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G.  F.  PRATT  ("Barnabe  Googe's  'Popish  King- 
dome  '  ")• — A  reprint  was  edited  by  Mr.  R.  C.  Hope, 
and  published  in  1881  by  Messrs.  Satchell  at  a 
guinea. 

C.  L.  E.  C.  ("  Queen's  Uniform  ").  —  See  under 
'  Windsor  Uniform,'  9th  S.  ix.  268,  292 ;  x.  36. 

M.  ("  Washington's  Arms  and  the  American 
Flag").-See  7th  S.  vi.  328,  494;  8th  S.  vi.  124;  xi. 
347,  441 ;  9th  S.  i.  469. 

CORRIGENDUM.  —  P.  362,  col.  2,  1.  8,  the  words 
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ws.  m.  MAY  27, 1905.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

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|i  gleimim  .of  f  nimomnuwuation 

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THF   HISTORY  OF  THE   PART   OF 

WEST    SOMERSET 

COMPRISING   THE  PARISHES   OP 

LUCCOMBE,  SELWORTHY,  STOKE  PERO,  PORLOCK  CULBONE,  &  OARE. 

BY 

CHARLES  E.  H.  CHADWYCK  HEALEY,  K.C.  F.S.A. 

The  greater  part  of  this  work  consists  of  matter  which  has  never  before  been  published.  It  is  hoped 
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io*  s.  in.  JUNE  3, 1905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


421 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  JUNES,  1905. 


CONTENTS. -No.  75. 

NOTES  :- 
4 
n 
of  Dogs,  4*7. 

QUERIES  :— Sir  Lewis  Stukeley's  'Petition'— "In  cauda 
venenum"— Tyndale's  Ordination  — Kwart  Family— Dr. 
Cbamherlen— Prayer  for  Twins— "  national's  Festival  "— 
"St.  James's  Chapter"— 'The  Streets  of  London,'  428  — 
"  Goyle  "— English  Crown  Jewel  — Madden's  'Havelock 
the  Dane' —  Tunbridge  Wells  and  District  —  " May- 
dewing"  —  Polish  Koyal  Genealogy  —  "  Guardings"  — 
'Theatrical  Remembrancer '  — "Tertias  of  foot,"  429  — 
"Pop  goes  the  weasel"— Coke  or  Cook  ?—' The  Lovesick 
Gardener  '—Col.  Hewetson— Parsloe's  Hall,  Essex,  430. 

REPLIES  :-The  "Old  Bell"  Inn,  Holborn,  430— Police 
Uniforms  :  Omnibuses—"  Ilnnd":  "  lie  "—Charlemagne's 
Koman  Ancestors,  432-"Poeta  nascitur  non  fit"— Kpi- 
grara  on  a  Rose— Great  Queen  Street— Inscriptions  at  San 
Sebastian— Pillion  :  Flails,  433 -Sack-Shorter  :  Walpole, 
434— Vulgate  —  Portraits  which  have  led  to  Marriages— 
'Rebecca' — Lincoln  Inventory — Lines  on  Mug— Bigg,  the 
Dinton  Hermit— Hollicke  or  Holleck,  435— "Purdonium" 
— Twitchel— Lincoln  Civic  Insignia:  the  Mayor's  Ring— 
'Steer  to  the  Nor'-Nor'-West,'  43  i— Bibliography  of  Kpi- 
taphs  —  "Legenvre"  —  Vixens  and  Drunkenness  —  Coli- 
seums Old  and  New,  437. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :-Lady  Dilke's  '  Book  of  th»  Spiritual 
Life  '— Furness's  '  Variorum  Shakespeare '  — '  Specimens 
of  the  Elizabethan  Drama.' 

Booksellers'  Catalogues. 
Notices  to  Correspondents. 


PINCHBECK  FAMILY. 

IN  Dr.  James  Gaird  tier's  edition  of  the 
*  Pas  ton  Letters '  (ed.  1897),  vol.  i.  p.  496, 
there  is  a  letter,  under  the  date  1459,  from 
Friar  Brackley  to  John  Paston,  in  which  the 
Friar  says  : — 

"Doctor  Pynchebek  and  Doctor  Westhawe, 
grete  prechowrys  and  parsonys  at  London,  bene 
now  late  made  nionkys  of  Charterows  at  Schene, 
one  at  one  place  and  an  other  at  the  other 
place,"  &c. 

What  is  known  of  the  preachings  of  the 
two  doctors]  and  where  can  some  account  of 
the  same  be  found  ]  Brother  John  Brackley, 
who  was  a  member  of  the  Convent  of  the 
•Grey  Friars  in  Norwich,  and  a  Doctor  of 
Divinity,  was  himself  a  famous  preacher 
('Paston  Letters,'  vol.  i.  p.  269,  note  1, 
quoting  Fenn  ;  and  see  A.  G.  Little,  '  The 
Grey  Friars  in  Oxford,'  Oxf.  Hist.  Soc.,  1891, 
p.  Ill),  and  no  doubt  he  had  good  reason  for 
thus  describing  them. 

What  the  writer  meant  by  the  words  "one 
•at  one  place,  and  an  other  at  the  other 
place,"  is  not  clear.  The  words  suggest  that 
both  doctors  did  not  become  monks  of  the 
same  monastery,  although  it  is  just  above 
stated  that  they  were  made  monks  "of 


Charterows  at  Schene."  Possibly  a  couple 
of  words  have  been  omitted,  and  we  should 
read,  "  made  monks  of  Charterows  [i.e., 
Charterhouse]  at  London  and  Schene."  This 
would  at  any  rate  be  intelligible;  but  there  is 
not  sufficient  evidence  at  present  to  prove 
that  this  was  the  fact. 

Dr.  Westhawe  seems  to  be  fairly 
clearly  identified  with  Dr.  Thomas  West- 
hawe, Westhaugh,  or  Westhagh.  He  was 
elected  a  Fellow  of  Pembroke  College,  Cam- 
bridge, in  1432,  and  it  is  possible  that  he  is 
the  Westhawe  who  signed  a  list  of  books  in 
the  1473  Catalogue  of  the  University  Library, 
Cambridge.  (See  'Collected  Papers  of  Henry 
Bradshaw,'  1889,  p.  54.) 

According  to  Newcourt  (' Repertorium,' 
i.  248,  referring  to  'Register  Gilbert,' 209), 
Tho.  Westhagh  (sic),  S.T.B.,  became  rector  of 
All  Hallows  the  Great  on  9  November,  1448. 
He  was  presented  to  the  living  by  Henry  VI., 
who  exercised  the  rights  of  patron  by  reason 
of  the  minority  of  Anna,  daughter  and 
heiress  of  Henry,  Duke  of  Warwick.  She 
appears  to  have  been  born  before  13  February. 
1444  (J.  G.  Doyle,  'Baronage  of  England,' 
vol.  iii.,  1886,  p.  586). 

Westhagh  resigned  before  9  February,  1459 
(Newcourt,  ut  supra,  quoting  '  Reg.  Kemp,' 
68),  at  which  date  he  was  succeeded  by 
another  Fellow  of  Pembroke,  Edward  Storey, 
who  became  Bishop  of  Carlisle  and  was 
subsequently  translated  to  Chichester.  This 
date  shows  that  Westhagh's  resignation  took 
place  some  months  before  Friar  Brackley 
wrote  his  letter,  which  Dr.  Gairdner  con- 
siders to  belong  "  to  the  latter  part  of  the 
year  1459  "  ('  Paston  Letters,'  i.  496). 

Westhawe  was  a  donor  to  the  library  of 
Pembroke  College  ('Carnb.  Ant.  Soc.  Conim./ 
ii.  16),  and  also  to  the  library  of  Syon  Monas- 
tery, to  which  he  gave  more  than  fifty  books 
(Mary  Bateson,  '  Catalogue  of  the  Library  of 
Syon  Monastery,'  1898,  p.  xxvii).  There  is  no 
mention  of  him  in  the  '  D.N.B.'  or  in  Le 
Neve's  '  Fasti,'  ed.  Hardy  (1854). 

With  regard  to  Dr.  Pynchebek,  his 
identity  is  not  quite  so  clear,  but  it  seems 
probable  that  he  is  the  John  Pynchbeke  (sic), 
S.T.D.,  mentioned  by  Newcourt  ('Reper- 
torium,' ii.  173).  He  became  rector  of  St. 
Leonards-le-Hyth,  Colchester,  2  March,  1456 
('Reg.  Kemp,'  45),  the  patrons  of  which  were 
the  Abbot  and  Convent  of  St.  John  the 
Baptist  at  Colchester.  On  21  June,  1457, 
Pynchbeke  exchanged  livings  with  Henry 
Sharpe,  L.D.,  who  was  rector  of  St.  Mary 
Abchurch  in  London  ('Reg.  Kemp,' 50),  the 
patron  of  which  was  the  Master  or  Warden 
of  Corpus  Christi  Chapel  in  the  Poultry 


422 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  8.  m.  JUNE  3, 1905. 


(Newcourt,  i.  431),  and  his  successor  John 
Rebet  or  Ryvet,  L.D.,  was  appointed  on 
23  November,  1460  (ibid.,  '  Heg.  Kemp  ,'  72) ; 
but  nothing  is  said  in  Newcourt  as  to  how 
it  was  the  living  became  vacant. 

Like  Westhawe  he  seems  also  to  have  been 
a  donor  of  books  to  the  library  of  Syon 
Monastery.  The  name  Pynchbek  (sic)  appears 
in  the  list  of  donors  against  thirty  books 
(Bateson,  'Cat.  Lib.  SyonMon.,'p.  xxvi),  and 
he  may  have  been  the  author  of  '  Epistola 
M.  I.  Pynchbek  directa  generali  confessori' 
in  the  same  library.  The  work  is  not  men- 
tioned in  Tanner  (ibid.,  p.  79). 

Miss  Bateson  states  in  a  note  (p.  xxvi)  that 
a  Dr.  Pinchbeck  (sic)  was  present  at  the  trial 
of  Pecock  in  1457  (Gascoigne,  ed.  Rogers, 
p.  212).  Possibly  he  is  the  same  as  Dr.  John. 

Another  Pinchbeck  was  also  a  Carthusian 
monk.  This  was  Robertus  Pynchebeck,  who 
was  a  lay  brother  of  the  London  Charter- 
house in  1534  (Dom  L.  Hendriks, '  The  Lon- 
don Charterhouse,'  1889,  p.  370.  See  P.R.  O., 
Chapter  House,  Sa.  2,  82a). 

"  Roger  Pynchebek  de  Londin"  "  was  a 
scribe  whose  name  appears  in  a  MS.  copy  of 
'  Musica  Ecclesiastica,  sive  de  Imitatione 
Christi,'  preserved  at  St.  John's  College, 
Cambridge  (MS.  C,  6  ;  see  Cowie, '  Catalogue,' 
1843  ;  see  also  '  N.  &  Q.,'  6th  S.  iii.  203,  quoting 
The  Tablet,  31  July,  1880,  p.  140). 

Particulars  are  given  below  of  some  other 
members  of  this  family.  The  name  is  spelt 
variously  Pynchebek,  Pynchebec,  Pynche- 
beck, Pynchbek,  Pinchebek,  Pinchebeck, 
Pinchbeck,  and  Pinchback.  The  family  is 
said  by  Foss  to  receive  its  name  from  Pinch- 
beck, a  parish  so  called  in  Lincolnshire,  and 
this  view  is  followed  by  the  writer  of  the 
account  in  'D.N.B.'  of  Christopher  Pinch- 
beck (who  died  18  November,  1732).  There 
it  is  said  that  "  the  family  doubtless  sprang 
from  a  small  town  called  Pinchbeck  in  Lin- 
colnshire." In  both  cases,  no  doubt,  Pinch- 
beck, near  Spalding,  is  intended.  The  word 
would  appear  to  signify  a  stream  flowing  in 
a  narrow  channel. 

It  may  be  worth  noting  here  that  the 
abbess  and  nuns  of  Syon  seem  to  have  held 
land  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Spalding  and 
Pinchbeck  in  Lincolnshire  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  VI.  (see  G.  J.  Aungier,  '  Hist,  and 
Antiq.  of  Syon  Mon.,'  1840,  p.  59  ;  Rot.  Pat., 
23  H.  VI.,  p.  1,  m.  18)  ;  and  it  is  just  possible 
that  this  may  account  in  some  measure  for 
the  large  donation  of  books  to  Syon  men- 
tioned above.  But  too  much  stress  must  not 
be  laid  on  this. 

In  1312  (30  August)  Robert  de  Pinchebeck 
succeeded  to  the  prebendal  stall  of  South 


Newbald  in  York  Cathedral  (Le  Neve,  'Fasti/ 
ed.  Hardy,  1854,  vol.  iii.  p.  205). 

In  the  same  century  (c.  1327)  there  was  a. 
William  Pinchebeck,  a  monk  of  Bury  St. 
Edmunds,  and  there  is  in  Cambridge  Uni- 
versity Library  (MS.  Ee.  iii.  60)  a  register 
('  Registrum  Vestiarii ')  known  by  his  name 
(M.  R.  James,  'The  Abbey  of  S.  Edmund  afc 
Bury,'  Camb.  Ant.  Soc.  Pub.,  1895,  p.  163). 
A  full  description  of  the  MS.  is  given  in  the- 
Catalogue  of  MSS.  in  the  University  Library 
at  Cambridge,  vol.  i.  (1857),  p.  99  et  set).,  where- 
Pinchebeck's  date  is  given  as  1333.  Possibly 
this  William  is  the  same  as  a  namesake  who,, 
some  time  between  1325  and  1398,  was  pre- 
sented to  the  rectory  of  St.  Mildred  in  th& 
Poultry  (see  Newc.,  'Rep.,'i.  502).  He  may 
also  be  the  lawyer  who,  on  the  death  of  John 
Hastings,  Earl  of  Pembroke  (13  Rich.  II., 
1389),  was  consulted  by  Sir  William  Beauchamp 
as  to  his  right  to  succeed  to  the  Earl's  estates 
(see  Foss,  'Judges  of  England,'  vol.  iv.  p.  25, 
quoting  Dugdale,  '  Bar.,'  i.  579).  If  this  be 
so,  it  would  rebut  Foss's  suggestion  that  there 
was  a  mistake  in  the  Christian  name,  and 
that  Thomas  Pynchebek,  Chief  Baron  of  the 
Exchequer,  was  the  lawyer  consulted,  and  it 
would  seem  probable  that  the  latter  retained 
his  position  as  Chief  Baron  until  1389. 

This  Thomas,  in  the  fourteenth  year  of  the 
royalty  of  John  of  Gaunt,  Duke  of  Lancaster 
(1374),  was  a  Justice  to  hear  Pleas  at 
Lancaster  (John  Booker,  'Memorials  of 
Prestwich,'  Manchester,  1852,  p.  4,  quoting 
from  Dodsworth  MSS.).  No  mention  is- 
made  of  him  in  Sydney  Armitage-Smith's 
recent  book  'John  of  Gaunt'  (Constable, 
1904).  He  was  appointed  Chief  Baron  of  the 
Exchequer  24  April,  1388  (Foss,  'Biographia 
Juridica,'  1870.  See  also  '.Judges  of  England,' 
1851,  vol.  iv.  p.  77). 

In  1453  Gilbert  Pinchbeck  was  master 
of  the  Grammar  School  attached  to  York 
Minster  ('Test.  Ebor.,'  iii.  143).  He  died 
31  January,  1457/8,  and  was  buried  in  the 
Minster  (ibid ,  p.  198,  note  quoting  Drake, 
495). 

In  1471  John  Pynchebek  was  a  Brother  of 
the  Guild  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  the  Blessed 
Mary  the  Virgin,  St.  John  the  Baptist,  and 
St.  Katharine  of  Coventry  ('  City  of  Coventry, 

Calendar  of Deeds,  &c ;  ed.  by  J.  Cordy 

Teaffreson,  Coventry,  4  to,  1896,  p.  64,  No.  C, 
201). 

Thomas  Pynchebek  was  a  parson  at  York. 
His  will  was  proved  17  October,  1479  ('Test. 
Ebor.'  iii.  199.  note  quoting  'Reg. Test.' v.  155B). 
He  is  probably  the  same  as  Dominus  Thomas 
Pynchebek  who  is  referred  to  in  a  will  in 
1491  as  having  been  buried  in  York 


io*  s.  in.  JUNE  3,  iocs.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


423 


Minster  "ante  hostium  chori  "  ('Test.  Ebor.' 
iii.  160,  note  ;  and  'Old  Yorkshire,'  ed.  by 
Wra.  Smith,  New  Series,  1889). 

William  Pynchbeck  was  on  23  October, 
1510,  murdered  near  Selby  in  Yorkshire 
(Surtees  Soc.,  1837,  vol.  i.  pp.  58  and  222). 

John  Pinchback,  A.M.,  was  licensed  to 
St.  James's,  Duke's  Place,  Aldgate,  11  March, 
1686  (Newc., '  Rep  ,'  i.  917 ; '  Keg.  Compt.,'  94). 

Christopher  Pinchbeck,  the  clockmaker, 
who  lived  in  Albemarle  Street,  London,  in 
1721,  finds  a  place  in  'D.N.B.'  See  also 
W.  Thornbury's  'Old  and  New  London,' 
vol.  ii.  pp.  333-4  ;  and  'N.  &  Q.,'  2nd  S.  xii.  81 ; 
6th  S.  i.  241. 

In  1770  John  Pinchbeck,  or  Pinchback, 
was  curate  of  Northall  in  the  diocese  of 
St.  Albans  (Newc.,  'Hep  ,'  i.  850). 

H.  W.  UNDKBDOWK. 


WESTMINSTER   CHANGES    IN    1904. 
(See  ante,  p.  381.) 

Nos.  59,  61,  and  63,  Douglas  Street,  and 
Nos.  2  to  10  (even  numbers),  Edward  Street, 
adjoining,  were  demolished  in  April,  1904, 
and  upon  the  ground  thus  vacant  another 
Brabazon  House,  under  the  same  manage- 
ment and  control  as  the  one  in  Moreton 
Street,  was  started  for  the  same  class  of 
tenants  as  the  older  one,  and  it  should  prove 
equally  successful.  On  the  opposite  side  of 
Edward  Street,  Nos.  1  to  5  (odd  numbers), 
together  with  shop  premises,  Nos.  88  and  90, 
at  the  corner  of  Yauxhall  Bridge  Road,  were 
pulled  down  in  May,  and  upon  a  portion 
of  the  ground  so  cleared  Messrs.  J.  Daymond 
&  Son,  architectural  modellers  and  sculptors, 
have  put  up  a  building  adjoining  their  old 
premises.  In  Chapter  Street,  quite  early  in 
the  year,  some  new  workshops  for  Messrs. 
Holland  &  Sons  were  opened.  In  Dorset 
Street,  a  thoroughfare  which  is  to  be  re- 
named, "  Walker,  London,"  shirt  and  collar 
dressers,  occupied  their  new  premises,  that 
firm  having  been  displaced  at  Church  Street, 
Smith  Square,  by  the  impending  changes  at 
Millbank. 

The  alterations  at  the  Westminster  City 
Council's  wharf  at  Grosvenor  Road,  which 
had  been  in  hand  for  some  time,  were  com- 
pleted last  year.  While  in  this  neighbour- 
hood, a  word  or  two  about  Yauxhall  Bridge 
may  not  be  deemed  inappropriate.  We  all 
know  that  it  is  not  yet  finished,  and  will  not 
be  for  some  time,  and  the  London  County 
Council  seems  at  last  to  realize  that  the  work 
is  making  very  slow  progress.  In  1895  par- 
liamentary powers  were  obtained  for  "the 
construction  of  the  bridge  ;  on  22  February, 


1898,  a  resolution  was  passed  by  the  Council? 
sanctioning  the  bridge;  in  November,  1902, an 
announcement  was  made  that  the  new  bridge- 
which  had  been  sanctioned  had  been  designed 
on  wrong  principles  ;  and  on  20  October, 
1903,  the  contract  for  the  new  bridge  was 
given  out.  Surely  a  rather  long  record  this, 
in  bridge- building,  and  very  little  to  show 
for  the  time  occupied. 

Nos.  92  to  96  (even  numbers)  Vauxhall 
Bridge  Road  were  pulled  down  in  July,  and' 
up  to  the  close  of  the  year  the  ground  had  not. 
been  utilized.  In  Hyde  Place,  Vincent  Square, 
on  Wednesday,  13  July,  the  foundation  of  the- 
Napier  Memorial  was  laid  by  Mrs.  Napier, 
the  widow  of  the  Rev.  George  Napier,  vicar 
of  St.  Mary's  Church,  Yincent  Square,  long 
known  as  St.  Mary's,  Tothill  Fields.  The 
building  is  to  be  used  as  a  church  club,  and 
the  centre  from  which  many  organizations  - 
are  to  be  worked.  It  was  opened  on  a  "  dark, 
cheerless,  muddy  evening,"  1  December,  by 
the  Bishop  of  London,  who  passed  many  well- 
deserved  encomiums  upon  the  late  vicar,  of 
whom  he  said  that  he  ''  never  missed  a  friend 
more  truly  than  he  did  George  Napier."  The- 
building  was  designed  by  Mr.  Allen,  an  old 
Westminster  boy. 

In  Rochester  Row— the  "Village  Street"— 
some  changes  of  note  are  to  be  recorded. - 
Business  was  started  in  the  first  half  of  Mr. 
Smellie's  new  premises  on  1  September.    The 
other  portion  of  the  old  building  was  at  once  • 
demolished,  and  the  erection  of  the  remainder - 
proceeded  with.     The   structure  is  substan- 
tially  built  and   is  a  distinct  gain  to   this, 
improving  locality.     In  the  same  thorough- 
fare, on  the  other  side  of  the  way,  on  the- 
ground  formerly  occupied  by  Nos.  60  to  (>6 
(even     numbers),    a    very    interesting     and 
picturesque   building  has  been  erected,  and; 
named  Ruskin  House,  by  Messrs.  W.  Morris 
&    Co.,   of    Brompton    Road.      The    centre  - 
portion    is    in    their    own    occupation   as  a  . 
depot,  &c.,  for  mosaics,  tiles,  stained  glass, 
while  there  is  a  shop  on  either  side.     The- 
building  extends  through  into  Coburg  Row, . 
where   the  goods  entrance   is   situated   and 
where  there  are  several  floors  let  as  work- 
shops, and  also  the  Mansion  Company's  motor 
garage.     The  ground  rent  is  said  to  be  240/. 
per  annum,  and  the  buildings,  of  quaint  and  < 
fanciful   design,   are    reputed  to   have    cost 
10,000£.    The  works  were  started  in  February 
last  year,  the  month  in  which  the  new  police 
station    was    opened.     The   three  blocks   of 
dwellings  in  Regency  Street  erected  by  the  - 
Westminster  City  Council,  named  after  the 
first  three  mayors  of  our  old  city,  Norfolk, 
Probyn,  and  Jessel  Houses,  were  completed l.t 


424 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io«-  s.  HI.  JUNE  3, 1905. 


and  opened  for  residents  on  16  March,  1904. 
1  believe  that  this  is  a  complete  record  of  the 
year's  changes  in  the  parish  of  St.  John  the 
"Evangelist,  Westminster. 

The  changes  in  the  adjoining  parish  of 
St.  Margaret  are  nothing  nearly  so  numerous. 
'The  Government  Offices,  to  be  erected  on  the 
ground  bounded  by  Great  George  Street, 
Parliament  Street,  Charles  Street,  and  Dela- 
liay  Street,  are  being  pushed  forward,  albeit 
"the  progress  seems  rather  slow ;  but  as 
Messrs.  Spencer,  Santo  &  Co.,  the  contractors, 
-are  not  bound  to  finish  until  1  June,  1907, 
perhaps  the  slowness  is  more  apparent  than 
real.  We  are  informed  by  The  Builder  of 
"7  January  that  the  east  front  is  315  feet  long, 
-and  the  Charles  Street,  075  feet,  and  that  the 
cost  o.f  the  structure  will  be  some  473,000^. 
"We  are  also  informed  that 

"the  Select  Committee's  final  report  of  22nd  July, 
1897,  appropriates  the  block  to  the  Board  of  Edu- 
cation, the  Local  Government  Board  (extension), 
and,  perhaps,  the  Board  of  Trade,  and  recommends 
•that  any  further  room  required  should  be  provided 
for  by  an  extension  on  the  Delahay  Street  and 
"Park  side." 

At  this  spot  considerable  changes  are 
•spoken  of,  and  this  year  may  see  some  at 
least  of  the  rumours  become  facts.  The 
large  pile  of  buildings  known  as  Queen  Anne's 
'Chambers,  in  Great  Chapel  Street,  Tothill 
Street,  and  Dean  Farrar  Street  (lately  New 
'Tothill  Street),  is  now  outwardly  complete, 
although  I  am  informed  that  there  is  much 
"work  still  to  be  done  inside.  Some  of  the 
shops  and  suites  of  offices  are  let,  and  the 
Taasement,  or  at  least  a  large  portion  of  it, 
has  been  leased  to  the  Government  for  use 
•as  storehouses. 

The  tower  of  Christ  Church,  Victoria 
'Street,  was  completed  about  Easter,  1904, 
the  dedication  taking  place  on  Sunday, 
19  June,  when  the  Bishop  of  London  assisted 
at  the  simple  but  impressive  little  service 
-arranged  for  the  occasion.  At  the  close  his 
'lordship  pronounced  the  words  of  dedication, 
-and  also  preached  the  sermon,  taking  for  his 
text  1  St.  Peter  v.  7,  from  the  Epistle  of  the  day. 
A  noteworthy  feature  of  the  tower  is  that  at 
the  springing  of  the  head  moulding  of  the 
•four  two-light  windows  are  boldly  carved 
heads  of  persons  living  at  the  time  it  was 
'built.  On  the  west  front,  facing  Iddesleigh 
Mansions,  are  the  King  and  Queen  ;  on  the 
•east  side,  overlooking  the  vicarage,  are  the 
'Bishop  of  London  (Winnington-Ingram)  and 
the  vicar  (the  Rev.  F.  K.  Aglionby) ;  on  the 
south  side,  towards  Victoria  Street,  Canon 
"Hensley  Henson,  rector  of  St.  Margaret's, 
patron  of  the  living,  and  a  contributor 
•towards  the  tower  fund,  and  the  Right  Hon. 


J.  G.  Talbot,  P.C,  M.P.  for  Oxford  Uni- 
versity, one  of  the  original  trustees  of  the 
fund  ;  and  on  the  north  side,  overlooking 
Caxton  Hall  and  St.  Ermin's  Hotel,  the 
Rev.  Porafret  Waddington,  for  many  years 
curate  here,  and  Mr.  G.  Hall,  F.R.I. B. A.,  the 
architect. 

Many  minor  works  have  been  done  at  the 
Roman  Catholic  Cathedral,  and  additions  were 
commenced  to  the  Archbishop's  House  in 
Francis  Street.  In  Castle  Lane  a  large  build- 
ing of  stone  and  red  brick  has  been  erected 
for  Norton  &  Gregory,  Limited,  photographic 
paper  makers.  It  occupies  the  site  of  the 
"Old  Stag  Tap,"  for  many  years  the  tap- 
house of  the  brewery  of  Messrs.  Elliot, 
Watney  &  Co.  On  Monday,  27  June,  when 
excavations  at  the  rear  were  proceeding  in 
what  were  once,  many  years  ago,  the  tea- 
gardens  belonging  to  the  house,  the  men 
came  across  the  roots  of  what  must  have 
been  an  enormous  tree,  which  it  was  neces- 
sary to  remove.  While  this  was  being  done 
a  large  quantity  of  loosened  earth,  some  three 
or  four  tons,  gave  way,  and  buried  two  men. 
They  were  ultimately  extricated,  but  in  an 
unconscious  condition,  and  one  of  them, 
George  Walker,  died  soon  after  being  taken 
to  Westminster  Hospital.  The  old  house 
was  stated  to  have  been  the  resort  of  some  of 
the  knights  of  the  road,  including  Dick  Tur- 
pin,  who,  it  is  said,  was  once  nearly  captured 
here,  his  escape  being  an  exceedingly  narrow 
one.  The  last  occupier  of  the  house  was 
Herbert  James  Seward. 

The  house  in  Old  Palace  Yard  lately  occu- 
pied by  Mr.  Labouchere,  M.P.,  has  been 
vacated  by  that  gentleman,  and  it  is  now 
known  as  the  Royal  Commission  House.  For 
many  years  this  house  was  the  residence  of 
Sir  E.  Manningham  Buller,  and  after  his 
death  his  widow  continued  to  live  here. 

Rumours  of  many  changes  hard  by  this 
spot  are  current,  but  up  to  the  close  of  the 
year  nothing  had  come  of  them.  This,  I 
think,  is  the  sum  total  of  the  changes  which 
took  place  during  the  past  year  in  what  was 
the  "old"  City  of  Westminster — the  parishes 
of  St.  Margaret  and  St.  John  the  Evangelist ; 
but,  as  some  may  have  escaped  my  notice  in 
my  walks  abroad,  I  shall  be  glad  to  have 
such  omissions  notified  to  me.  I  would  also 
state  that  I  have  found  it  impossible  to  visit 
the  part  of  St.  Margaret's  parish  lying  in  the 
hamlet  of  Knightsbridge,  where  some  very 
extensive  changes  have  taken  place  within 
the  last  year  or  two.  So  far  as  1  can  foresee, 
there  will  be  much  to  take  cognizance  of 
when  this  year's  work  has  to  be  chronicled. 

W.   E.    HARLAND-OXLEY. 


io«"s.in.JcxK3,igo5.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


425 


SHAKESPEARIAXA. 

'  MIDSUMMER  NIGHT'S  DREAM,'  V.  i.  58-60. 
Merry  and  tragical  !    Tedious  and  brief  ? 
That  is,  hot  ice,  and  wondrous  strange  snow. 
How  shall  wee  tinde  the  concord  of  this  discord  ? 

In  the  Fifth  Song  of  'Other  Songs  of 
Variable  Verse,'  by  Sir  Philip  Sidney  (Arber's 
'English  Garner,'  i.  565),  1581-4,  the  follow- 
ing lines  occur : — 

Think  now  no  more  to  hear  of  warm  fiue-odoured 

snow, 

Nor  blushing  lilies,  nor  pearls  ruby-hidden  row, 
Nor  of  that  golden  sea  whose  waves  in  curls  are 

broken. 
But  of  thy  soul,  &c. 

la  not  this  "  warm  fine-odoured  snow  "  that 
to  which  Shakespeare  alludes  ?  It  is  evident 
that  Sidney  is  carrying  on  a  traditional  con- 
ceit, no  doubt  familiar  to  Shakespeare,  who 
very  frequently  echoes  a  thought,  word,  or 
passage  from  Sir  Philip. 

Are  not  the  germs  of  these  conceits  from 
Petrarch  ?  I  am  not,  I  regret  to  say,  familiar 
with  his  works,  but  I  read  in  Prescott's 
reply  to  '  Da  Ponte's  Observations '  ('Essays,' 
London,  1850)  an  extract  from  Petrarch's 
Canzoni  ('  Tre  Sorelle'),  beginning :  "  Quando 
agli  ardenti  rai  neve  devegno"  ("When  I 
become  snow  before  their  burning  rays"), 
referring  to  his  mistress's  eyes  ;  and  a  few 
lines  lower  the  blood  freezes  that  it  may 
burn.  Prescott  calls  this  "a  melancholy 
parade  of  cold  conceits,  of  fire  and  snow, 
thawing  and  freezing."  Similar  antitheses 
are  found  in  one  of  Dray  ton's  sonnets,  copied. 
Mr.  Lee  tells  us  in  his  introduction  to  '  An 
English  Garner'  (1904,  p.  xc),  from  'L'Idee,' 
1579,  of  De  Pontoux,  who  hands  them  down 
from  Petrarch. 

I  venture  to  submit  that  this  explanation 
is  more  satisfactory  than  any  of  the  many 
suggested  ones  found  in  the  notes  to  the 
Shakespearian  passage,  some  of  which  in- 
clude an  altered  text.  Prescott,  in  the  essay 
referred  to,  gives  further  comment  upon 
these  "  antitheses  of  cold  and  heat,  of  ice 
and  flames,"  from  Petrarch's  works.  And  see 
Sidney  again  in  '  Astrophel '  (Arber,  p.  506) : 

Some  lovers  speak 

Of  living  deaths,  dear  wounds,  fair  storms,  and 
freezing  tires. 

While  in  a  passage  in  '  Arcadia,'  book  ii.,  we 
have  the  strangest  snow  of  all :  "  red  flakes 
in  the  element  when  the  weather  is  hottest." 

H.  C.  HART. 

'THE  WINTER'S  TALE,'  I.  ii.  156-8. —The 
difficulty  in  "ornaments  oft  do's"  of  the 
Folio  has  been  explained  by  supposing  an  s 
to  have  been  interpolated  after  "ornament" 
or  after  "do."  Also,  see  Abbott,  par.  333, 


where  many  instances  are  given  of  third' 
person  plural  in  s.  May  we  not,  however,, 
understand  "do's"  as  being  a  contraction  of 
do  us — "and  so  prove,  as  ornaments  oft  do- 
(prove  to)  us,  too  dangerous"?  The  "us" 
includes  the  king  among  those  to  whom. 
"  ornaments  "  (an  allusion  to  the  queen)  oft. 
prove  too  dangerous. 

4  THE  WINTER'S  TALE,'  III.  ii.  103-7.— 
Bucknill  says : — 

"  Hastily  is  the  reading  which  I  venture  to  sug-- 
gest  in  place  of  '  lastly,'  which  breaks  the  con- 
struction and  sense  of  the  passage,  it  being  evident 
that  the  denial  of  childbed  privilege  is  one  and  the 
same  offence  against  decency  and  humanity  as  the 
poor  woman's  exposure  in  open  court  while  still, 
suffering  from  parturient  debility." 

"Lastly  "of  the  text  indicates  that  these- 
are  separate  counts,  were  anything  needed' 
to  guide  us  to  a  right  interpretation.  That 
the  "immodest  hatred"  of  the  husband* 
should  have  caused  him  to  withhold  the 
usual  marks  of  honour  and  sustaining  love 
during  her  weakness — the  tender  kiss  and. 
pressure  of  the  hand,  if  no  more — was  ample- 
cause  for  the  plea  of  "  childbed  privilege; 
denied." 

'THE  WINTER'S  TALE,'  III.  ii.  107-15, — 
After  saying, 

Now,  my  liege, 

Tell  me  what  blessings  I  have  here  alive; 
That  I  should  fear  to  die, 

Hermione  passes  on  to  the  onJjy  con- 
sideration that  prompts  her  to-  take  an 
interest  in  her  fate.  She  wishes  to  live  to. 

vindicate  her  honour — "  no  life but  foe 

mine  honour,  wliich  I  would'  free."  Lest  thft 
proofs  of  her  innocence  should  sleep  for  ever,, 
she  fights  for  life  in  which  to  call  them  into- 
activity,  and  therefore  denounced  a  con- 
demnation upon  surmises  as  rigour  and  not 
law.  E.  MSRTON  DEY. 

"  A      FAIRE     VESTALL,     THROXED      BY      THE 

WEST,"  'MIDSUMMER  NIGHT'S  DREAM,'  II.  i<. 
158.— This  allusion  has  long  been  supposed 
to  mean  Elizabeth,  and  confirmation  of  this 
opinion  may  be  found  in  Barntield's  '  Cyn- 
thia,' 1595:  — 

In  Western  world  amids  the  Ocean  mainer 
In  compleate  Vertue  shining  like  the  Sunne, 
In  great  Renowne  a  maiden  Queene  doth  raigne- 
Whose  royall  Race  in  Ruine  tirst  begun, 
Till  Heaven's  bright  Lamps  dissolve  shall  nere  be 

done : 

In  whose  faire  eyes  Love  linckt  with  vertue  been,, 
In  everlasting  Peace  and  Union. 
Which  sweet  Consort  in  her  full  well  beseeme 
Of  Bounty,  of  Beauty  fairest  Fayrie  Queene. 

This  passage  should  have  some  bearing  on- 
the  date  of  'Midsummer  Xight's  Dream,' 
more  particularly  as  another  famous  line— 


426 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  8.  m.  JUNE  s,  IMS. 


And  hang  a  pearl  on  every  cowslip's  ear — 
•which  was  long  used  as  a  means  for  deter- 
mining the  date,  has  a  similar  treatment  in 
"  Cynthia':— 

By  this  the  formost  melting  all  in  teares, 
And  rayning  downe  resolved  Pearls  in  showers, 
<j(an  to  approach  the  place  of  heavenly  Pheares, 
And  with  her  weeping  watring  all  their  Bowers, 
Throwing  sweet  Odors  on  those  fading  flowers, 
At  length,  she  spake  them  thus  mournfully. 

In  addition  to  such  resemblances  between 
Barnfield  and  Shakespeare  as  have  heretofore 
been  pointed  out  by  contributors  to  '  N.  &  Q.,' 
I  notice  in  Barnfield  "  tributary  teares " 
<*T.  And.'  twice;  'II.  and  J.') ;  "Nipt  with 
the  fresh  of  thy  Wrath's  winter  "  ('2  H.  VI.,5 
II.  iv.  3);  "eagle-winged"  ('Rich.  II.,'  I.  iii. 
129);  "eternall  night"  ('Rich.  III.,'  V.  iii. 
•62);  "night's  sable  mantle"  ('1  H.  VI.,'  II. 
ii.  2;  '3  H.  VI.,'  IV.  ii.  22);  "hungry  eye" 
(Sonnet  LVL).  CHAS.  A.  HERPICH. 

New  York. 

"BELLONA'S  BRIDEGROOM,"  'MACBETH,'  I. 
Ii.  54. — This  puzzling  allusion  may  have  been 
suggested  to  the  dramatist  by  a  passage  in 
Chapman's  '  Homer '  (Book  V.) : — 

When  Hector  had  heard  tell 
((Amongst  the  uprore)  of  their  deaths  he  laid  out  all 

his  voice, 
And  ran  upon  the  Greeks  :  behind,  came  many  men 

of  choice, 
Before  him  marcht  great  Mars  himselfe,  matcht 

with  his  femall  mate, 
'The  drad  Bellona. 

The  allusion  may  have  added  interest  as 
•collateral  evidence  of  a  very  late  date  for 
''Macbeth,'  Chapman's  Fifth  Book  not  being 

published  until  about  1610,  a  date  that 
-agrees  very  well  with  the  entry  in  Forman's 

diary.  CHAS.  A.  HERPICH. 

"  MlCHING  MALLICHO "  (9th  S.   xi.   504  ;   10th 

8.  i.  162  :  ii.  344,  524  ;  iii.  184).— Surely  this  is 
Shakespear's  rendering  of  the  Spanish  phrase 
-still  in  use,  mucho  malhecho  =  a,  bad  business. 

SHERBORNE. 

'TiiE  Two  GENTLEMEN  OF  VERONA'  :  FRIAR 
PATRICK  (10th  S.  ii.  344,  523;  iii.  184).— In 
niy  communication  at  the  second  reference  I 
-expressed  the  suspicion,  which  MR.  DEY'S 
•comment  tends  to  confirm,  of  the  non-identity 
of  Friar  Patrick  and  Friar  Laurence.  This, 
however,  does  not  materially  affect  my  point. 
Friar  Laurence  still  suggests  an  association 
with  'Itomeo  and  Juliet,'  as  does  the  con- 
fusion of  Verona  with  Milan  in  Act  V.  sc.  iv. 
11.  128-9,  and  as  the  mistake  of  calling  Milan 
"Padua"  in  Act  I.  sc.  ii.  suggests  an  asso- 
ciation with  '  The  Taming  of  the  Shrew,'  all 
tending  to  show  that  these  three  plays  were 
in  the  poet's  mind  at  about  the  same  time, 


though  not  so  strongly,  I  admit,  as  they 
would  be  if  the  name  Laurence  were  proved 
to  be  another  blunder. 

ISAAC  HULL  PLATT. 
The  Players,  New  York. 

"ALL  THE  WORLD'S  A  STAGE,"  'As  You 
LIKE  IT,'  II.  vii.  (10th  S.  iii.  184).— An 
analogon  to  6  KOO-/ZOS  ovo/vi)  is  to  be  found 
on  the  one  cup  of  the  celebrated  "silver- 
treasure  from  Bosco  Reale.''  Between  the 
two  dramatists  Sophocles  and  Moschion,  who 
are  represented  as  skeletons,  is  placed  a 
labourer  with  a  mask  and  the  inscription 
07071/1)  f3io$.  The  cup  is  now  in  the  Louvre 
Museum  at  Paris  as  a  gift  of  Baron  Edmond 
de  Rothschild  with  others,  about  a  hundred 
pieces  found  at  Bosco  Reale,  1895. 

(Dr.)  MAX  MAAS. 

Munich. 

The    parallel    passage    above    cited,    with 
several    others,   is   to   be    found    in    King's 
'Classical  and  Foreign  Quotations,'  No.  2581. 
JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 


'  CORYATE'S  CRUDITIES.' — In  your  '  Notes 
on  Books  '  (ante,  p.  338)  you  say  that  of  this 
book,  edition  1611,  but  a  single  copy  is 
known  to  exist  That  is  certainly  a  mistake, 
for  I  have  a  perfect  copy,  bought  in  1883 ; 
Mr.  Huth  has  another ;  and  in  Pearson's 
Catalogue  of  1902  I  find  another,  which 
belonged  to  Davies  of  Hereford.  Now,  large 
as  was  the  price  asked  for  this  copy  (150^.), 
the  prices  would  be  much  great  if  these  were 
the  only  copies.  But  there  are  probably 
others  in  private  libraries,  not  to  mention 
public  ones.  ALDENHAM. 

St.  Dunstans. 

There  is  the  following  mention  of  Coriate 
and  his  book  in  part  ii.  of  'The  Complete 
Angler,'  chap.  ii.  (1676) :  — 

"  Viator.  Well,  if  ever  I  come  to  London,  of 
which  many  a  man  there,  if  he  were  in  my  place, 
would  make  a  question  ;  L  will  sit  down  and  write 
my  Travels,  and  like  Tom  Coriate,  print  them  at 
my  own  charge." 

There  is  a  small  vignette  portrait  of  Tom 
Coriate  inserted  from  the  frontispiece  to  his 
'Crudities,'  London,  1611,  4to,  copied  and 
engraved  by  T.  Mosses.  This  is  extracted 
from  a  pretty  little  edition  of  'The  Com- 
plete Angler '  published  by  John  Major, 
Fleet  Street,  1824.  JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

SELF-MADE  MEN.  —  The  following  list  of 
names  may  be  worth  preserving  in  'N.  &  Q.' 
The  original  is  at  Wroughton  House,  Wilts. 
The  writer  is  not  certainly  known,  nor  the 
date  : — 


iotbs.in.JcxE3.i905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


427 


"  A  list  of  persons  that  are  dead  since  my  Remem- 
brance, who  had  but  small  beginnings  yet  dyed 
rich,  which  in  a  great  measure  I  apprehend  was 
occasioned  by  their  Industry  and  Frugallity." 

£ 

James  Calhvell,  Esq 40,000 

Michael  Atkins,  Esq 70,000 

John  Curtis,  Esq^        35,000 

Henry  Coombe,  Esq 50.000 

Henry  Tonge,  Esq 50,000 

James  Hillhouse,  Esq 30,000 

Walter  Logher 30,000 

Henry  Hobhouse,  Esq 70,000 

David  Peloquin,  Esq 80,000 

Joseph  Percival,  Esq.  70,000 

John  Lidderdale,  Esq 50,000 

Walter  Jefferies,  Esq.  30,000 

John  Collet,  Esq •  ...    35,000 

Jeremiah  Ames,  Esq 70,000 

Stephen  Naish,  Esq 40,000 

Will™  Gordon,  Esq 30,000 

Ths  Evans,  Esq.  40,000 

Ricd  Meyler,  Esq.        30,000 

Henry  Bright,  Esq 50,000 

James  Reed,  Esq 40,000 

John  Teale,  Esq 7,500 

John  Andrews,  Esq 90,000 

Richard  Farr,  Esq 15,000 

Jos.  Loscomb,  Esq 30,000 

Ths  Hackett,  Esq 20,000 

Manasseh  Whitehead,  Esq 30,000 

Ths  Easton,  Esq 15,000 

John  Pollard,  Esq 20,000 

Wm  Tombs,  Esq 15,000 

John  Turner,  Esq 40,000 

Sydenham  Teaste,  Esq 30,000 

Paul  Fisher,  Esq 20,000 

Ths  Foord,  Esq 40,000 

Zachary  Bay  ley,  Esq 100,000 

Leou-  Richards,  Esq 40,000 

Moses  Slade,  Esq 15,000 

Richard  Frampton,  Esq 30,000 

John  James  (Skinner)  10,000 

Peter  Wilder,  Esq 30  000 

John  Brickdale,  Esq 100,000 

John  Haynes,  Esq 15,000 

Richard  Blake,  Esq 30,000 

rl'1  Chamberlain,  Esq.  40,000 

Will"1  Matthews,  Esq.          30  000 

Will™  Miller,  Esq 190,000 

Gought  &  Burgess,  Drapers 70,000 

Will™  Arnold  Taylor 10,000 

£2,027,500 
R.  H.  C. 

[The  total  is  not  quite  right.] 

FLEET  STREET,  No.  53  —The  setting  back 
of  the  south  side  and  the  expiration  of  lease- 
holds are  responsible  for  the  demolition  of 
a  number  of  interesting  houses  in  this 
thoroughfare.  One  of  the  latest  to  disappear 
is  Xo.  53,  long  famous  as  the  print  ware- 
house of  Messrs.  Whittle  <fe  Laurie.  Noble 
{'  Memorials  of  Temple  Bar,'  117)  informs  us 
that  Philip  Overton,  "at  the  Golden  Buck," 
published  here  some  of  Hogarth's  early 
plates;  and  at  the  commencement  of  the 
nineteenth  century  it  "  was  known  by  the 


print  of  the  Devil  and  St.  Dunstan  occu- 
pying a  permanent  place  in  the  tenant's 
window."  From  here,  between  1750  and 
1800,  Ilobert  Sayer  and  R.  Sayer  &  James 
Bennett  issued  many  interesting  prints.  By 
1817,  when  the  premises  had  presumably 
been  rebuilt,  Messrs.  Whittle  &  Laurie  are 
the  tenants.  In  1822  Richard  Holmes  Laurie 
is  carrying  on  the  business.  The  building 
consisted  of  shop  and  side  entrance,  with 
three  upper  floors  and  attic  story  lit  by  two 
dormer  windows.  The  first-floor  windows 
opened  to  the  ground  and  gave  access  to  small 
iron  balconies.  ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

"THE  NORE."  —  I  find  no  mention  of 
the  Xore  in  the  '  Century  Dictionary '  or  in 
Webster.  I  suppose  it  has  been  regarded  as 
a  place-name. 

There  is  a  reference  to  it  in  the  works  of 
Taylor  the  Water- Poet.  A  piece  of  his,  called 
'  A  Discovery  by  Sea  from  London  to  Salis- 
bury,' is  printed  in  the  'Antiquarian  Reper- 
tory,' iii.  239  (ed.  1808);  and  at  pp.  241-2 
he  says  : — 

Thus  downe  alongst  the  spacious  Coast  of  Kent 
By  Grane  and  Sheppies  Islands  downe  we  went ; 
We  past  the  Nowre-head,  and  the  sandy  shore 
Vntill  we  came  to  th'  East  end  of  the  Nowre. 

That  is  to  say,  they  passed  the  estuary  of 
the  Medway,  which  has  Grain  Island  on  the 
west  and  Sheppey  on  the  east.  A  long  stretch 
of  sand  extends  from  the  east  of  Grain  Island, 
and  the  far  end  of  it  is  marked  by  the  Nore 
light,  beyond  Sheerness ;  and  this  is,  prac- 
tically, the  end  of  the  right  bank  of  the 
Thames.  I  understand  "  the  Nowre-head  " 
to  mean  this  very  point,  which  may  also  be 
called  "the  East  end  of  the  Nowre,"  i.e.,  of 
the  shore. 

For  it  may  well  be  that  the  Nore  is  equiva- 
lent to  then  ore,  dative  case  of  the  ore  ;  where 
ore  represents  the  A.-S.  ora,  "a  border,  edge, 
margin,  bank,  mostly  in  place-names,"  as  in 
Windsor  (A.-S.  Windles-Ora),  Bognor  (A.-S. 
Bogan-ora);  see  Toller,  'A.-S.  Diet,,'  and 
Kemble,  '  Cod.  Dipl  ,'  iii.  p.  xxxv.  The  A.-S. 
ora  may  very  well  be  a  native  word,  not 
borrowed  from,  but  cognate  with,  the  Latin 
ora,  with  the  same  sense. 

It  is  well  known  that  JVash  arose  from 
atten  ash,  "at  the  ash,"  and  that  there  are 
many  similar  cases  ;  ten  being  a  reduction  of 
A.-S.  tham,  dat.  case  masc.  of  the  def.  article. 
The  dative  is  required  by  the  frequent  use  of 
at ;  and  the  A.-S.  ora  was  masculine. 

WALTER  VV.  SKEAT. 

ISLE  OF  DOGS. — It  may  be  worth  recording 
in  'N.  &  Q.'  that  in  The  Boston  Herald 
(Lincolnshire),  11  August,  18-40,  there  is  a> 


428 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io<»  s.  m.  JU*E  s,  wos. 


"Notice  to  Mariners,"  issued  by  the  Town 
Clerk,  in  which  the  Inner  and  the  Outer  Dog 
Head  buoys  in  the  North  Channel,  over  which 
the  borough  authorities  had  jurisdiction,  are 
mentioned.  EDWARD  PEACOCK. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  sent  to  them 
direct. 

SIR  LEWIS  STUKELEY'S  'PETITION.'  —  The 
King's  'Declaration  of  the  Demeanor  and 
Cariage  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  Knight,'  was 
published  on  27  November,  1618,  a  month 
after  the  execution  of  the  latter.  On  the 
previous  day  was  issued  the  tract  known  as 
JStukeley's  'Petition,'  consisting  of  17  pp., 
printed  at  the  same  press  as  the  former  work. 
The  first  page  contains  a  sub-title,  "The 
humble  petition  and  information  of  Sir  Lewis 
Stucley,  Knight,  Vice-admirall  of  Deuon, 
touching  his  owne  behauiour  in  the  charge 
committed  vnto  him,  for  the  bringing  vp  of 
Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  and  the  scandalous 
aspersions  cast  vpon  him  for  the  same."  The 
signature  is  "A  2,"  implying  there  must  have 
been  a  leaf  preceding  it.  This  may  have 
been  a  blank  one,  or  may  have  been  an 
ordinary  title-page.  The  tract  is  a  rare  one, 
and  in  the  few  copies  I  have  had  an  oppor- 
tunity of  examining  the  "Al"  leaf  was 
absent ;  but  in  a  catalogue  of  books  sold  at 
Sotheby's  on  18  Feb  ,  1890,  No.  587  entry, 
one  is  recorded  to  have  "  the  rare  blank  leaf 
at  the  beginning."  Will  any  correspondent 
•who  possesses  a  copy  kindly  inform  me  if  it 
has  the  "A  1"  leaf,  and  whether  it  is  blank 
or  otherwise"?  T.  N.  BRUSHFIELD,  M.D. 

Salterton,  Devon. 

"!N  CAUDA  VENENUM." — Where  was  this 
saying  used  for  the  first  time  ?  and  to  what 
case  did  it  originally  apply  1  Was  it  in  refer- 
ence to  the  scorpion  ?  It  has  been  said  that 
the  scorpion,  in  case  of  extreme  danger  or 
death  by  fire,  and  to  avoid  slaughter,  com- 
mits suicide  by  the  sting  of  its  own  tail. 

But  to  return  to  the  saying,  I  do  not 
find  it  in  Forcellini,  or  in  Biichmann,  or  in 
Fumagalli.  H.  GAIDOZ. 

22,  Rue  Servandoni,  Paris  (VI'). 

WILLIAM  TYNDALE'S  ORDINATION. — I  have 
seen  it  stated  that  William  Tyndale,  the 
translator  of  the  Bible,  was  ordained  at 
St.  Bartholomew's  Priory,  Smithfield.  Can 
any  one  refer  me  to  the  authority  for  such  a 


statement  ?  I  find  in  the  Bishop  of  London's 
Registers  several  entries  of  ordinations  held 
at  St.  Bartholomew's,  with  the  names  of  the 
candidates,  but  I  have  not  found  Tyndale's 
name  amongst  them.  E.  A.  W. 

EWART  FAMILY.— I  shall  be  ^glad  of  any 
information  concerning  Simon  Ewart  (Sheri- 
dan's friend  and  second  in  a  duel),  and  par- 
ticularly as  to  what  appointments  he  held  in 
the  East  India  Company's  service,  with  dates. 

Was  John  Ewart  (father  of  Simon)  also  m 
the  East  India  Company's  service?  If  so, 
what  appointments  did  he  hold  ? 

In  the  possession  of  the  family  is  a  large 
bronze  medal  inscribed  "John  Ewart,  1740." 
On  the  other  side  is  a  shield  supported  by 
two  figures— one  a  European  in  uniform,  the 
other  a  native.  Below  is  the  motto  "  Drop 
as  rain,  distill  as  dew."  If  this  is  an  Easb 
India  Company's  medal,  for  what  would  it 
have  been  given  1 

Fraser  Rae,  in  his  life  of  Sheridan,  says  :- 

"April  6th,  1773,  Sheridan  became  a  member  of 
the  Middle  Temple.  Seven  days  afterwards  he  was 
united  in  the  bonds  of  holy  matrimony  to  Elizabeth 
Ann  Linley.  At  the  same  time  and  place  his  friend 
Ewart  had  the  informal  ceremony  of  his  marriage 
in  France  rendered  valid  in  England." 
Who  was  the  lady?  and  where  did  the  mar- 
riage take  place  1 

John  Ewart  bought  Bysshe  Court,  Sussex, 
from  the  Shelley  family.  At  what  date  1 

Did  Simon  Ewart  die  in  India? 

(Miss)  A.  EWART. 

7,  Cambridge  Terrace,  Sidmouth,  Devon. 

DR.  CHAMBERLEN.— Are  there  in  existence 
any  male  or  female  descendants  of  the  famous 
family  of  doctors  named  Charaberlen,  who- 
were  physicians  to  the  Stewart  and  early 
Georgian  sovereigns  ?  HISTORICUS. 

PRAYER  FOR  TWINS.  —  In  what  liturgical 
collection  can  I  find  a  prayer  asking  for 
twins?  I°TA- 

"RATIONAL'S  FESTIVAL."  —  Can  any  one 
give  me  an  account  of  the  "Rational's  Festi- 
val "  of  1837  ?  C.  L.  E.  C. 

Alton. 

"ST.  JAMES'S  CHAPTER."— What  was  the 
"St.  James's  Chapter,"  also  "St.  James's 
Royal  Arch  Chapter,"  held  6  March,  1843? 
The  "  exaltation  fees  "  were  10Z.  16s.  Qd. 

C.  L.  E.  C. 

Alton. 

'  THE  STREETS  OF  LONDON.'  —  In  a  play 
entitled  '  The  Streets  of  London,'  brought  out 
thirty  or  five-and-thirty  years  ago,  these 
lines,  or  something  very  similar,  occurred  : 


10*  s.  in.  JUNE  3, 1905.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


429 


He  sought  his  native  village,  heartbroken  from  the 

fray, 
While   shining   still   behind    him    the    streets   of 

London  lay. 

Will  any  contributor  kindly  let  me  know 
whether  I  have  quoted  the  couplet  correctly? 

LINHOPE. 

[Is  the  reference  to  Mr.  G.  R.  Sims's  '  The  Lights 
of  London '  ?] 

"  GOYLE." — What  is  the  derivation  of  this 
word,  used  in  Devon  and  Somerset  for  water- 
course? E.  SATTERTHWAITE. 

ENGLISH  CROWN  JEWEL.— One  of  the  Crown 
jewels  sold  or  pawned  in  Holland  at  the 
opening  of  the  Civil  War  is  thus  described 
in  a  letter  from  Rotterdam,  dated  1650  : — 

"A  Jewell  named  the  three  brothers,  by  others 
the  three  sisters,  being  a  Jewell  thatt  King  James 
did  use  to  weare  upon  his  hatt,  consisting  of  three 
Rubyes  ballais  transparent,  one  Dyamant  in  the 
raiddel,  and  three  pearles  which  parteth  the  rubyes 
ballais,  and  one  pendant  pearle." 

What  has  become  of  it?  Is  there  any 
inventory  of  the  Crown  jewels  which  were 
disposed  of  at  this  time  1 

CHARLES  L.  LINDSAY. 

MADDEN'S  'HAVELOCK  THE  DANE.'  —  Will 
some  kind  reader  lend  me  Sir  F.  Madden's 
edition  of  '  Havelock  the  Dane  '  1  I  require 
to  see  it  for  a  literary  purpose,  and  no  other 
edition  will  serve.  I  will  return  it  in  a  very 
few  days.  EDWARD  PEACOCK. 

Wickentree  House,  Kirton-in-Liudsey. 

TUNBRIDGE  WELLS  AND  DISTRICT.— I  should 
be  glad  to  be  referred  to  any  reliable  guide- 
books or  histories  dealing  with  the  anti- 
quarian sights  of  this  district.  I  assume 
they  would  include  Hever,  Tonbridge,  and 
Penshurst.  Are  there  any  note  worthy  churches 
or  monastic  ruins  accessible  from  this  centre  1 
T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 

Lancaster. 

"MAY- DEWING."— The  following  paragraph 
appeared  in  the  Standard  of  8  May  : — 

"The  quaint  old  custom  of  'May-dewing,'  or 
washing  the  face  in  dew,  on  the  first  Sunday  in 
May,  in  order  to  ensure  lasting  beauty,  was 
observed  yesterday  by  a  large  number  of  Black- 
burn girls  and  women,  some  of  the  latter  being 
very  elderly.  The  weather  was  fine  and  bright  for 
those  who  went  into  the  fields  soon  after  dawn,  but 
it  broke  down  afterwards,  and  late  comers  were 
drenched  with  rain  before  they  got  back." 

Pepys  in  his  '  Diary,'  under  date  of  28  May. 
1667,  says  :— 

"  My  wife  away  down  with  Jane  and  W.  Hewer 
to  Woolwich,  in  order  to  a  little  ayre,  and  to 
lie  there  to-night,  and  so  to  gather  May-dew 
to-morrow  morning,  which  Mrs.  Turner  hath 


taught  her  is  the  only  thing  in  the  world  to  \vash 
her  face  with  and  I  am  contented  with  it." 

On  10  May,  1669,  Mr?.  Pepys  performs  the 
same  ceremony,  for  he  records  : — 

"Troubled  about  three  in  the  morning,  with  my 
wife's  calling  her  maid  up,  and  rising  herself  logo 
with  her  coach  abroad,  to  gather  May-dew,  which 
she  did,  and  I  troubled  for  it,  for  fear  of  any  hurt, 
going  abroad  so  betimes,  happening  to  her ;  but  1 
to  sleep  again,  and  she  came  home  about  six." 

Brand,  in  his  '  Popular  Antiquities,'  says 
that  The  Morning  Post  of  2  May,  1791, 
mentions 

"  that  yesterday,  being  the  1st  of  May,  according 
to  annual  and  superstitious  custom,  a  number  of 
persons  went  into  the  fields  and  bathed  their  faces 
with  the  dew  on  the  grass,  under  the  idea  that  it 
would  render  them  beautiful." 

Now  which  day  was  supposed  to  be  the 
most  efficacious,  since  this  important  cere- 
mony was  performed  on  1  May,  the  first 
Sunday  in  May,  10  May,  and  29  May  1 

EVERARD   HOME   COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

POLISH  ROYAL  GENEALOGY.  —  Can  any 
reader  of  'N.  &Q.'  who  is  versed  in  Polish 
family  history  give  me  the  names  of  the 
descendants  of  John  III.  (Sobieski),  King  of 
Poland,  and  also  those  of  Stanislaus  Lescz- 
cynski,  King  of  Poland,  whose  daughter  the 
Princess  Marie  married  King  Louis  XV.  of 
France?  DE  MORO. 

Hill  Hall,  near  Epping,  Essex. 

"  GUARDINGS."—  In  the  poor-rate  valuation 
of  the  parish  of  Snettisham  for  1782  there 
is  a  heading,  "Mr.  Styleman's  estate  under 
description  of  Giiardings,  Yards,  Pleasure 
grounds,  Plantations,  and  Woods."  The 
meanings  assigned  to  guarding  in  the 
'  H.E.D.'  do  not  apply  to  the  above  use.  Am 
I  right,  therefore,  in  thinking  that  the  word 
is  an  illiterate  mode  of  spelling  gardens  ?  >.^- 
HOLCOMBE  INGLEBY. 

'THEATRICAL  REMEMBRANCER.' — Who  was 
the  compiler  and  publisher  of  the  above 
work,  issued  in  1788?  Presumably  it  is  a 
list  of  all  the  dramatic  performances  in  the 
English  language.  ••-'•  •'•%% 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  IX.  D. 

Bradford. 

[It  is  generally  spoken  of  as  Egerton's.  Egerton 
was  the  publisher.] 

"TERTIAS  OF  FOOT."— In  his  'Arch  aic  Dic- 
tionary' Halliwell  enters  the  Spanish  tfrtia, 
and  defines  it  as  "  that  port  ion  of  en  aimy 
which  is  levied  out  of  one  par  ticular  district." 
The  word  does  not  seem  t  o  le  mcgnmd  ly 
the  general  lexicographer  .  Is  tl  eie  fctfficicnt 
warrant  in  provincial  Eigkrd  for  the 


430 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  in.  JO-E  s,  1905. 


plural  form  ?  It  occurs  in  '  John  Inglesant,' 
chap,  viii.,  where  the  author  thus  describes 
Charles  I.  as  he  reviewed  his  troops  in  the 
morning  before  the  battle  of  Edgehill : — 

"  The  church-bells  were  ringing  for  morning 
service  as  they  rode  along.  The  king  was  that 
day  in  a  black  velvet  coat  lined  with  ermine,  and 
a  steel  cap  covered  with  velvet.  He  rode  to  every 
brigade  of  horse  and  to  all  the  tertias  of  foot,  and 
spoke  to  them  with  great  courage  and  cheerful- 
ness." 

THOMAS  BAYNE. 

"  POP  GOES  THE  WEASEL."— To  what  does 
the  nursery  rime  refer  here  1  MEDICULUS. 

[S.  J.  A.  F.  made  a  similar  inquiry  at  9th  S.  v.  356, 
but  without  result.] 

COKE  OR  COOK?— Which  is  correct?  The 
question  as  to  the  accurate  spelling  of  this 
great  lawyer's  name  was  raised  so  long  ago 
as  1st  S.  iv.  24,  but  never  seems  to  have  been 
satisfactorily  settled.  If  one  may  rely  upon 
so  good  an  authority  as  Sir  Francis  Bacon, 
the  rendering  Coke  is  certainly  a  vagary.  As 
I  write,  an  original  Bacon  manuscript,  dated 
1614-17,  lies  before  me,  in  which  Sir  Edward 
Cook  is  referred  to  upon  several  occasions. 
Again,  in  Bacon's  '  Remaines,'  1648,  4to,  p.  20, 
is  "A  Letter  to  Sir  Edward  Cook,"  and  at 
p.  68  a  further  "Letter  to  Sir  Edward  Cook." 
In  Norfolk,  the  old  locality  of  Coke's  family, 
the  name  is  still  pronounced  Cook,  which 
supports  the  contention  that  Coke  is  wrong. 
WILLIAM  JAGGARD. 

[The  family  of  Coke,   Earls  of  Leicester,  pro- 
nounce their  name  Cook.] 

'THE  LOVESICK  GARDENER.'— Can  you  or 
any  of  your  readers  supply   the  words  of 
an  old   song,  sung,  I   think,  in  the  sixties, 
and  entitled,  I  also  think,    'The  Lovesick 
Gardener'  1    One  verse  is  as  follows  :— 
She's  my  snowdrop,  my  ranunculus, 
My  gillyflower,  my  hyacinth,  my  polyanthus; 
She's  my  heartsease,  my  daisy,  my  violet, 
My  buttercup,  my  tulip,  or  m'y  mignonette. 
Oh  !  Oh  !  She  s  a  fickle  wild  rose, 
A  damask,  a  cabbage,  or  a  china  rose. 

I  should  like  to  have  the  words.          G.  H. 

COL.  HEWETSON.— I  shall  be  much  obliged 
for  any  information   regarding   this   officer 
There  is  in  a  private  house  in  London  a  por 
trait  of  him  wearing  a  "  Steinkirk  "  tie.    ' 
HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 

PARSLOE'S  HALL,  ESSEX.— Any  particular, 
of  this  interesting  old  mansion,  now  deserted 
and  in  a  sad  state  of  decay,  will  oblige 
Report  has  it  that  the  Fanshawe  familv 
resided  here,  and  that  the  hall  once  boastec 
of  a  fine  library.  G.  Q.  \y 


THE  "OLD   BELL"  INN,  HOLBORN  HILL. 

(10th  S.  iii.  366.) 

MR.  ALAN  STEWART'S  note  seems  to  re- 
quire a  reply  from  me,  as  he  mentions  my 
name,  and  I  have  taken  a  great  interest 
n  this  building,  now  numbered  among  the 
ihings  of  the  past.  It  is  true  that  in  my 
jook  on  '  London  Signs  and  Inscriptions,' 
misled  by  previous  writers,  and  unable  closely 
;o  examine  the  sculptured  arms  which  were 
itill  on  the  front  of  the  house,  I  ascribed 
.hem  to  Fowler  of  Islington.  Some  years 
ater — namely,  in  the  autumn  of  1897,  just 
Before  the  house  disappeared — I  made  many 
careful  drawings  of  it.  When  the  arms  were 
;aken  down  I  had  them  photographed,  and, 
through  the  kindness  of  the  authorities  of 
Christ's  Hospital,  I  was  allowed  to  examine 
the  deeds  of  the  property.  The  results  of 
my  study  were  printed,  during  1898,  in  the 
July  number  of  Middlesex  and  Hertfordshire 
Notes  and  Queries,  the  predecessor  of  The 
Home  Counties  Magazine,  to  which  I  would 
refer  MR.  STEWART.  I  will  now  merely  quote 
or  paraphrase  a  few  sentences  from  my 
article. 

In  1679-80  the  property  was  first  mortgaged 
and  then  sold  to  Ralph  Gregge,  whose  grand- 
son Joseph  finally  parted  with  it,  in  May, 
1722,  to  Christ's  Hospital  for  2,113£.  15s.  In 
this  final  deed  of  sale  three  messuages  are 
referred  to,  that  "known  by  the  name  or 
sign  of  the  Bell,"  and  one  on  either  side  of  it. 
"All  which  said  three  messuages  were  for- 
merly one  great  mansion  house  or  inn  com- 
monly known  by  the  name  of  the  Bell  or 
Blew  Bell  Inn."  A  short  time  —  probably 
about  two  years — before  the  sale  the  front 
part  of  the  premises  had  been  rebuilt.  This 
was  the  part  facing  Holborn,  on  which  were 
then  placed  the  sculptured  arms,  not  of  the 
Fowlers  of  Islington,  lords  of  the  manor  of 
Barnsbury,  who  had  never  been  connected 
with  the  house,  but,  as  I  first  pointed  out, 
of  the  Gregges,  then  owners.  It  seems  that 
they  were  descended  from  the  Gregge  family 
of  Bradley,  Cheshire,  whose  arms  appear 
in  a  visitation  of  that  county,  1613,  as 
follows  :  Or,  three  trefoils  slipped,  between 
two  chevronels  sable.  Crest :  Out  of  a 
ducal  coronet  or,  an  eagle's  head  and  neck 
per  pale  argent  and  sable,  holding  in 
the  beak  a  trefoil  slipped.  One  of  them, 
Ralfe  Gregge,  in  the  sixteenth  century, 
married  Anne,  coheiress  of  Richard  Starkye, 
of  Stretton ;  hence  the  quartering  of  the 
Starkye  arms,  which  are  Argent,  a  stork 
sable,  with  beak  and  legs  gules.  Sir 


B.  in.  jrxE  3,  was.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


431 


Humphrey  Sfcarkey,  Chief  Baron  of  the  Ex- 
chequer in  I486,  who  also  came  from  Cheshire, 
seems  to  have  belonged  to  this  family.  The 
date  of  the  rebuilding  is  not  recorded  in  any 
existing  deed,  so  far  as  I  am  aware,  but  may, 
I  think,  be  gathered  from  the  fact  that  at 
the  time  of  sale  the  landlord  of  the  "Bell" 
was  James  Trinder,  and  that  carefully  incised 
on  a  brick  near  one  of  the  first-floor  windows 
which  faced  the  yard  was  the  name  G.  Trinder 
with  date  1720.  I  would  add  that  it  was  I 
who  suggested  the  placing  of  the  arms  in  the 
Guildhall  Museum. 

With  regard  to  the  book  on  '  London  Signs 
and  Inscriptions,'  perhaps  it  will  be  right 
to  say  clearly  what  I  once  hinted  at  before. 
It  was  first  published  in  1893,  and  was  re- 
printed in  cheaper  form  some  years  after- 
wards— I  believe  in  1897.  For  this  reprint  I 
was  in  no  way  responsible.  As  regards  the 
letterpress,  it  was  an  absolute  facsimile  of 
the  previous  issue  ;  I  had  no  opportunity  of 
making  the  slightest  addition  or  correction. 
In  fact,  I  did  not  know  anything  about  the 
reissue  until  a  succession  of  reviews  appeared 
in  which  it  was  treated  as  a  new  book. 

PHILIP  NORMAN. 

Undoubtedlj7  the  sculptured  arms  formerly 
to  be  seen  embedded  in  the  front  wall  of  this 
inn,  and  now  deposited,  by  the  kindness  of 
the  Treasurer  of  Christ's  Hospital,  in  the 
Guildhall  Museum,  are  those  of  the  Gregge 
family  of  Bradley,  Cheshire,  quartering  those 
of  the  Starkye  family  of  Stretton,  Cheshire. 

The  arms  and  crest,  which  are  in  excellent 
condition,  may  be  thus  described  :  Quarterly, 
1  and  4,  [Or,]  three  trefoils  slipped,  between 
two  chevronels  [sa.],  for  Gregge ;  2  and  3, 
[Arg.,]  a  stork  [sa.],  with  beak  and  legs  [gu.], 
for  Starkey.  Crest :  Out  of  a  ducal  coronet 
[or],  an  eagle's  head  and  neck  per  pale  [arg. 
and  sa.],  holding  in  the  beak  a  trefoil  slipped. 
These  arms,  quartered,  similar  to  those 
formerly  on  the  "Old  Bell,"  with  the  crest, 
your  correspondent  may  find  in  the  Visita- 
tion of  Cheshire,  1613,  Harl.  MS.,  Brit.  Mas., 
No.  1535,  fol.  238  (ink).  No  tincture  is  given 
for  the  stork  in  the  Starkey  arms ;  but 
fols.  436  and  439  of  the  same  manuscript 
show  that  the  bird  is  sa. 

The  pedigree  reported  in  the  Visitation 
states  that  Ralph  Gregge,  of  Bradley,  son  of 
Thomas  Gregge,  of  Bradley,  by  Katherine 
Greene,  his  wife,  and  grandson  of  Richard 
Gregge,  of  the  same  place,  married  Anne, 
daughter  and  heiress  of  Richard  Starkey,  of 
Stretton,  thus  accounting  for  the  quartered 
arms.  With  other  issue,  they  had  a  son 
Robert,  described  in  the  Visitation  as  of 
London,  and  according  to  dates  it  seems  pro- 


bable that  he  was  the  father  of  Ralph  Gregge, 
who  acquired  the  "Bell"  in  1679.  As,  how- 
ever, the  arms  are  quartered,  they  should 
appertain  to  a  son  by  the  Gregge  and  Starkey 
union.  Perhaps  they  had  a  son  Ralph  not 
given  in  the  Visitation. 

I  dp  not  think  the  1613  Visitation  of 
Cheshire  has  been  published ;  but  the  Gregge 
Visitation  pedigree,  with  some  additions 
from  the  St.  Michael's  church  registers, 
Chester,  is  given  in  Ormerod's  'Cheshire,* 
vol.  ii.  p.  24. 

The  funeral  certificate  of  Edward  Gregg, 
of  Hapsford,  Cheshire,  taken  in  1637,  and 
that  of  Thomas  Starkey,  of  Stretton,  taken 
in  1624,  both  give  their  respective  arms  as 
above  described  (see  pp.  96,  97,  and  173  of 
vol.  vi.  of  the  Lancashire  and  Cheshire  Record 
Society's  publications). 

On  the  acquisition  of  the  Black  Swan 
Distillery,  Holborn,  by  Messrs.  Jas.  Buchanan 
«fe  Co.,  the  firm  issued  an  interesting  souvenir 
in  the  shape  of  a  booklet  on  old  Holborn,  en- 
titled '  A  Bygone  Holborn.'  On  p.  5  the  arras 
are  illustrated  as  those  of  the  Fowler  family. 
I  wrote  to  Messrs.  Buchanan  &  Co.  pointing 
out  the  error ;  but  whether  it  has  been  cor- 
rected in  any  subsequent  edition  I  cannot 
say. 

The  arms  are  also  given  as  those  of  the 
Fowlers  in  The  City  Press  of  29  September, 
1897,  and  22  November,  1899  ;  London  Argus 
of  8  January,  1898 ;  and  The  Westminster 
budget  of  30  September,  1898.  In  the  last 
article  the  arms  are  illustrated.  However, 
p.  246  of  the  official  '  Catalogue  of  the  Collec- 
tion of  London  Antiquities  in  the  Guildhall 
Museum  '  correctly  gives  them  as  the  Gregge 
arms,  while  they  are  depicted  on  plate  60. 

The  Gregge  pedigreein  Ormerod's  'Cheshire' 
is  an  instance  of  how  unsafe  it  is  to  compile 
a  pedigree  from  a  visitation  pedigree  and  a 
church  register  only,  for  the  volume  of 
'  Cheshire  Funeral  Certificates '  published  by 
the  society  before  mentioned  shows  that  the 
dates  of  burial  of  Edward  Gregge,  of  Haps- 
ford, and  his  wife  Elizabeth  therein  stated 
are  wrong,  and  that  the  Christian  name 
of  the  wife  of  their  son  Robert  was  not 
Elizabeth,  but  Joane. 

I  worked  out  a  short  descent  of  this  family 
a  few  years  ago,  which  I  shall  be  pleased  to 
lend  to  MR.  STEWART  if  of  any  service. 

Last,  but  by  no  means  least,  vol.  iy.  (p.  101) 
of  Middlesex  and  Hertfordshire  Notes  and 
Queries,  the  parent  of  The  Home  Counties 
Magazine,  contains  a  valuable  illustrated 
article  on  the  "  Old  Bell  "  by  Philip  Norman. 
It  is  to  Mr.  Norman  that  we  are  indebted  for 
the  discovery  that  the  arms  are  those  of  the 


432 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io*  s.  m.  JUNE  3,  isos. 


Gregge  family,  and  not,  as  asserted  before 
his  paper  appeared,  those  of  the  Fowler 
family  of  Islington,  lords  of  the  manor  of 
Barnsbury.  CHAS.  HALL  CROUCH. 

5,  Grove  Villas,  Wanstead. 

The  arms  on  the  tablet  are  those  of  Gregge, 
or  Grigge,  quartering  Starkey. 

In  the  chancel  of  Buriton  Church,  Hants, 
on  a  mural  tablet  erected  to  the  memory  of 
"  Thomas  Hanbury,  Esquier,  one  of  his 
Ma'ties  Auditors  of  the  Exchequer,"  by  "his 
last  wife  Elizabeth  Grigge,''  there  is  a  shield 
of  arms  of  the  Grigge  family  :  Quarterly, 
1  and  4,  three  trefoils  slipped  between  two 
chevronels  ;  2,  a  tiger  (?)  passant ;  3,  a  stork. 
This  lady  was  the  daughter  of  Thomas 
Gregge,  or  Grigge,  of  Bradley,  co.  Chester, 
and  granddaughter  of  Ralph  Gregge  by  his 
wife  Ann,  daughter  and  coheir  of  Richard 
Starkey,  of  co.  Chester.  There  is  a  pedigree 
of  the  Gregge  family  in  Tarn.  Min.  Gen,' 
Harl.  Soc.,  vol.  xxxix.  p.  1143. 

ALF.  T.  EVERITT. 

High  Street,  Portsmouth. 

[MR.  HOLDKN  MAcMiCHAEL,  MR.  J.  T.  PAGE, 
and  COL.  W.  F.PRiDEAUXalso  thanked  for  replies.] 

POLICE  UNIFORMS  :  OMNIBUSES  (10th  S.  iii. 
29,  75,  136).  —  I  can  remember  the  omnibus 
with  the  closed  door  and  the  unpleasant  lamp 
being  in  existence  in  the  seventies  of  last 
century.  I  travelled  in  this  kind  of  vehicle 
very  often  along  the  Wands  worth  Road  from 
and  to  Vauxhall  Station.  I  recollect,  too,  the 
story  of  the  fiery  untamed  steed  at  Astley's 
Theatre  refusing,  in  'Mazeppa,'  to  budge 
from  the  wings.  The  owner  of  the  subsidized 
animal  was  sent  for.  "Give  me  a  shutter," 
he  said.  Shutter  provided.  He  banged  it 
down  on  the  stage  by  the  prompt  box  and 
called  out,  "  Right  away  :  full  inside,"  and 
Mazeppa  was  carried  across  and  up  the 
mountains  in  most  admirable  form. 

S.  J.  A.  F. 

I  have  just  found  a  most  curious  and 
interesting  pamphlet  upon  the  earliest  omni- 
bus, entitled  '  Les  Caresses  a  Cinq  Sols ;  ou, 
les  Omnibus  du  17e  Siecle,'  Paris,  1828. 

EDWARD  HERON-ALLEN. 

A  most  interesting  article  on  omnibuses 
appears  in  the  chapter  on  '  Public  Vehicles ' 
(chap.  viii.  pp.  243,  278)  in  vol.  i.  of  'Lights 
and  Shadows  of  London  Life'  (Routledge, 
1846).  On  p.  247  we  read  :— 

"  The  omnibuses  are  of  recent  origin  ;  they  date 
no  farther  back  than  twelve  or  fourteen  years. 
They  are  clumsy  vehicles,  but  extremely  convenient. 
They  are  licensed  to  carry  twelve  persons  inside  ;  a 
few  of  them  are  licensed  to  carry  fourteen.  They 
have  no  outside  passengers,  except  in  very  rare 


cases  ;  and  these  are  always  when  the  vehicle  plies 
to  some  place  in  the  suburbs.  The  omnibuses 
usually  measure  about  twelve  feet  in  length,  by  four 
in  breadth  and  three  and  a  half  in  height.  There  is 
a  cushioned  seat  on  each  side,  with  a  range  of  small 
panes  of  glass,  through  which  the  passengers  can- 
see  everything  in  the  streets  as  the  vehicle  wends 
its  way.  The  conductor,  or  guard,  stands  on  a  sorb 
of  step  at  the  entrance,  about  a  foot  lower  than  the 
bottom  of  the  vehicle.  The  fare  is  exceedingly 
cheap  for  those  who  have  to  go  any  distance.  From 
Paddington  to  the  neighbourhood  of  the  Mansion 
House  and  the  Royal  Exchange  (which  must  be  a 
distance  little  short  of  five  miles)  the  fare  is  only 
sixpence.  You  are  charged,  however,  the  same 
sum  though  you  only  go  a  distance  of  a  hundred 
yards." 

According  to  Punch  for  1863  the  police  of 
that  period  were  still  uniformed  in  the  tall 
hat  and  the  swallow-tailed  coat.  As  for  the 
omnibuses,  their  conductors  may  be  seen 
"  holding  on"  by  the  leather  strap  and  standing 
on  the  "monkey-board,"  as  described  by  MR. 
R.  MURRAY  at  the  last  reference.  1  may  add 
that  though  the  work  I  have  quoted  from 
bears  date  1846,  the  preface  is  dated  1841, 
so  it  would  seem  that  omnibuses  were  first 
introduced  in  London  about  1827. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

The  distribution  of  helmets  to  the  police 
was  spread  over  a  considerable  period.  On 
7  March,  1864,  the  whole  of  the  inspectors, 
sergeants,  mounted  constables,  and  the  con- 
stables of  A,  B,  and  C  divisions,  and  those 
constables  of  A  reserve  attached  to  A,  B,  C, 
D,  G,  and  M  divisions,  had  the  new  helmets 
served  out  to  them.  On  2  September,  1864, 
the  remaining  divisions  were  supplied  with 
nineteen  helmets  each,  and  so  on  various 
dates  till  the  whole  force  was  fitted.  The 
pattern  has  been  altered  on  several  occasions. 

AYEAHR. 

"lLAND":  "!LE"  (10th  S.  ii.  348,493;  iii. 
98,  154,  374).— He,  a  beard  of  barley,  is  better 
spelt  ail  (A.-S.  eyl),  under  which  form  it  is 
given  in  the  '  Eng.  Dial.  Diet.,'  as  known  in 
sixteen  counties.  Ilile,  a  shock  of  ten  sheaves 
(or  eleven,  or  twelve),  is  given  in  the  same, 
with  more  than  a  dozen  examples.  It  cannot 
be  derived  from  "A.-S.  hilan,"  because  no- 
such  word  ever  existed.  We  should  hardly 
quote  mitus  as  the  Latin  for  "  fear." 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

CHARLEMAGNE'S  ROMAN  ANCESTORS  (10th  S. 
iii.  369).— ASTARTE  will  find  a  pedigree  bear- 
ing on  the  Roman  descent  of  Charlemagne  in 
Besly's  'Histoire  des  Comtes  de  Poictou  et 
Dues  de  Guyenne.'  This  pedigree  is  in 
the  article  called  'La  Vraye  Origine  de 
Hugues,  Roi  d'ltalie.'  It  connects  the  first 
line  of  kings  with  the  Carlovingian  through 


io*s.  in.  jrXE  3,i90a]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


433- 


Blitildis,  sister  of   Dagobert,    who    married 
Ansbertus,  a  Koman   senator  of    the  royal 
family  of  Home,  and  their  son  was 
Arnoldus. 

St.  Arnulphus. 

Ansgisus. 
St.  Pippinus. 

Carolus  Martellus. 

I  should  be  pleased  to  show  the  book  to 
ASTARTE  at  any  time.  F.  S.  V.-W. 

If  ASTARTE  will  consult  Anderson's  'Royal 
Genealogies,'  1732,  p.  615,  she  will  find  that 
Charlemagne  was  descended  from  Sigimerus 
(son  of  Pharamond,  King  of  the  Franks,  circa 
425)  and  a  daughter  of  Ferrolus  Tonantius, 
a  Roman  senator,  and  son-in-law  of  the 
Emperor  Avitus,  the  nephew  of  the  Consul 
Synagrius,  and  cousin  of  ^Egidius,  or  Giles, 
who  was  made  King  of  France  in  opposition 
to  Childeric  in  462.  JOHN  RADCLIFFE. 

"  POETA  NASCITUR  NON  FIT"  (10th  S.  ii.  388). 

— Bohn's(or  Riley's) '  Dictionary  of  Latin  and 
Greek^  Quotations'  gives  Cicero  as  the  author 
of  "  Nascimur  poetie,  fimus  oratores  ";  but  a 
correspondent  stated  at  7th  S.  vii.  74  that  the 
saying  is  not  to  be  found  in  Cicero.  Cicero 
has  the  following  : — 

"Atqui  sic  a  summis  hominibus  eruditissimisque 
accepimus,  ceterarum  rerum  studia,  et  doctrina,  et 
prajceptis,  et  arte  constare ;  poebam  natura  ipsa 
valere,  et  mentis  viribus  excitari,  et  quasi  divino 
quodain  spiritu  inflari.  Quare  suo  jure  noster  ille 
Lnnius  sanctos  appellat  poetas,  quod  quasi  Deorum 
ahquo  dono  atque  munere  commendati  nobis  esse 
videantur."— 'Pro  Archia  Poeta,'  cap.  8,  sec.  18. 

A  foot-note  in  the  Delphin  edition  (Valpy's) 
says  : — 

"  Affert  Cicero  quod  vulgo  celebratur  de  poetis, 
'poetani  nasci,  oratorem  fieri.'  " 

The  reference  to  Ennius  is  '  Annal.,'xviii.  20. 
In  another  place  Cicero  says  : — 
"Nemo  igitur    vir    magnus    sine    aliquo    afflatu 

divino  unquam    fuit."— 'De    Nat.    Deor.,'    ii.    66, 

eec.  167. 

In  another  :— 

"Ssepe  enim  audivi,  poetam  bonum  neminem  (id 
quo  a  Democrito  et  Platone  in  scriptisrelictum  esse 
dicunt)sine  inflammationeanimorum  existere  posse, 
et  sine  quodam  afflatu  quasi  furoris."— '  De  Orat.  ' 
ii.  46,  sec.  194. 

See  Plato,  'Ion,'  5,  and  '  Phsedrus,'  49. 

EGBERT  PIERPOINT. 

EPIGRAM  ox  A  ROSE  (10th  S.  iii.  309,  354, 
370).— Some  forty  years  ago  I  did  just  what 
your  correspondent  SURGEON-GENERAL  MUIR 
did,  and  I  agree  withfchis  reply,  but  at  the 


same  time  I  added  a  Latin  rendering  (per- 
haps some  of  your  correspondents  can  supply 
the  author's  name).  I  give  it  for  the  interest/- 
of any  who  care  to  note  it  :  — 

Candida  si  niveo  Rosa  displicet  ilia  colore 

In  nuda  nudam  tu  modo  pone  sinu. 
Illic,  se  discens  niveam  minus  esse  rubescet 

Dum  Lancastrensi  tincta  colore  micet. 
Si  tamen  ilia  rubens  tua  labra  rubentia  casuv 

Cerneret,  ut  forsan  basia  ferre  velis, 
Pallida  turn  roseos  perdet  livore  colores 

Eboraci  et  facie,  Candida  rursus  erit. 

Hie  ET  UBIQUE. 

GREAT  QUEEN  STREET,  Nos.  74,  75  (10th  S. 
iii.  366).— No.  6  of  '  Pen-and-ink  Sketches  of 
London,'  by  J.  B.,  appearing  in  The  Lady1^ 
Newspaper,  22  March,  1851,  provides  an  inter- 
esting sketch  of  these  premises  in  illustration, 
of  a  description  of  Great  Queen  Street : — 

"The  house  selected  for  engraving  is,  however,, 
that  to  which  the  most  lasting  importance  will  b& 
attached,  from  its  having  been  the  place  of  humble' 
labour  of  the  afterwards  great  statesman  and 
philosopher,  Benjamin  Franklin.  Franklin  having, 
wrought  a  twelvemonth  at  Mr.  Palmer's  (in  Bar- 
tholomew-close), he  removed  to  the  house  now  in 
the  occupation  of  Messrs.  Cox,  the  printers ;  it  was 
at  that  time  the  residence  of  Mr.  Watts." 

Referring  to  the  press  at  which  Franklinr 
worked,  the  writer  continues  : — 

"  The  sum  of  money  received  for  this  relic  is  now 
appropriated  to  the  relief  of  one  unfortunate, 
called  the  'Franklin  Pensioner,'  to  which  a  dis- 
abled person  of  any  country  is  eligible  if  there  is  a 
vacancy,"  &c. 

ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

39,  Hillmarton  Road,  N. 

INSCRIPTIONS  AT  SAN  SEBASTIAN  (10th  S.  iif. 
361). — The  following  inscription  on  a  mural' 
monument  in  the  south  aisle  of  the  church  of 
Holmes  Chapel,  Cheshire,  may  interest  MR. 
DODGSON  : — 

"William  Arthur  Hodges,  Esq.,  Captain  in  the- 
47th  Regiment,  having  been  twice  wounded  at  the 
battle  of  Vittoria,  fell  at  the  storming  of  S.  Sebastian, 
in  Spain,  on  the  31st  August,  1813,  aged  26." 

No  doubt  he  was  buried  where  he  fell,  and  I 
remember  his  brother  telling  me  that  he  had 
led  two  forlorn  hopes  in  the  Peninsular  War. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 
Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

PILLION  :  FLAILS  (10th  S.  iii.  267,  338,  375), 
— Upon  the  bleak  island  of  Ushant  (lie 
1'Ouessant),  off  Finisterre,  exist  a  resident 
population  of  over  2,000  souls,  of  whom  the 
women  number  something  like  ten  to  one. 
These  latter  are  strong  as  lions,  and — prac- 
tically— all  dress  alike.  In  August  tbe- 
island  rings  from  end  to  end,  from  early  day- 
light to  nightfall,  with  the  sound  of  the  flail. 
Nearly  all  the  thrashing  is  done  by  the- 


434 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io«-  s.  in.  JUNE  3, 1905. 


women.  I  brought  two  of  their  flails  home 
with  me  last  year,  and  have  them  before  me 
•whilst  writing.  The  handles  are  rough 
'broomsticks,  2  ft.  3  in.  long  by  Ijin.  diameter. 
Upon  their  tops  are  loops  of  bent  wood, 
tightly  bound  around  by  tarred  cord,  a  similar 
loop  being  attached,  in  the  same  way,  to  the 
blade  of  the  flail,  the  two  fastened  together 
by  a  loose  thong  of  half-inch  leather.  The 
blades  are  2  ft.  2  in.  by  2Hn.,  and  rather  over 
•a  quarter  inch  thick.  Th'ey  are  strengthened 
-at  the  ends  and  in  the  middle  by  broad 
bands  (2i  in.  and  3  in.)  of  tarred  string.  These 
flails  only  weigh  Hlb.  apiece.  In  thrashing 
the  operators  have  a  knack  of  bringing  the 
broad  part  of  the  flail  down,  with  dexterous 
regularity,  flat  upon  the  corn.  Hence  the 
•quick,  continuous  sound  of  "  pit-pat"  heard 
•everywhere  during  the  thrashing  season. 

HARRY  HEMS. 
Fair  Park,  Exeter. 

Flails  (or  thrashalls,  as  I  think  they  were 
•called  in  Shropshire)  were  almost  the  only 
instruments  in  use  when  I  was  a  boy,  seventy 
.years  ago.  Travelling  thrashing  machines 
•were  occasionally  employed,  but  they  were 
not  popular;  and  I  have  some  dim  recollection 
•of  the  riots  in  different  parts  of  the  country, 
•and  destruction  of  these  terrible  labour- 
saving  machines.  It  was  delightful  to  see 
two  accomplished  thrashers  at  work  opposite 
-each  other  with  the  wheat-sheafs  spread  out 
before  them  on  the  barn  floor,  swinging  their 
flails  alternately,  and  producing  a  sweet 
harmony  of  sound  immeasurably  superior  to 
the  buzz-buzz  of  the  noisy,  dust-producing 
thrashing  machine.  In  truth,  boylike,  I 
liave  performed  on  these  musical  instruments 
myself,  and,  like  MR.  PAGE,  my  head  has 
frequently  but  narrowly  escaped  the  swingel. 

E.  MAESTOX. 
ot.  Dunstan  House. 

The  flail  is  preserved  poetically  in  the 
famous  old  glee  'Dame  Durden,'  who  is 
recorded  to  have 

kept  five  serving  men 
To  use  the  spade  and  flail. 

In  /Peregrine  Pickle'  is  an  account  of  a 
publican  named  Tunley  lying  in  wait  for  an 
enemy  with  a  flail,  and,  not  being  particularly 
skilful  in  the  use  of  it,  striking  his  own 
.head,  causing  lights  to  dance  before  his  eyes. 

I  am  inclined  to  think  that  a  man  using 
the  old-fashioned  flail  is  depicted  in  a  medal- 
lion on  the  wrapper  of  The  Cornhill  Mac/azine. 

XT  JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

JNewbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

The  late  Mr.  Wilson,  of  Tuxford  Hall,  had 
an  immense  collection  of  old  things ;  and  he 


not  only  exhibited  his  pillions,  but  put  them 
to  use  on  occasion.  His  effects  were  dis- 
tributed by  auction  a  few  months  ago. 

Flails  are  not  quite  out  of  use  in  this  dis- 
trict, and  on  some  small  holdings,  where  a 
little  corn  is  grown,  it  is  thrashed  out  by  the 
flail,  and  the  sound  of  the  thrashing  may  now 
and  then  be  heard  in  conjunction  with  the 
"  wush,  wush,  wush"  of  the  flaps  of  the 
hand  winnowing  machine  as  it  stands  be- 
tween the  two  open  opposite  doors  of  the 
barn.  Both  sounds  are  now  rare,  but  that 
of  the  winnowing  machine  the  rarer.  Flails 
still  hang  in  many  barns. 

Tnos.  RATCLIFFE. 

Worksop. 

SACK  (10th  S.  iii.  369).— Sack,  the  Spanish 
wine,  has  been  fully  discussed  in  'N.  &  Q.'; 
see  2ml  S.  ix.  24  ;  xii.  287,  452,  468  ;  3rd  S.  v. 
328,  488  ;  vi.  20,  55  ;  4th  S.  i.  481.  Two  corre- 
spondents not  only  have  heard  the  word 
used,  but  have  tasted  the  wine.  The  precise 
signification  of  "  sack "  appears  doubtful. 
According  to  Gervase  Markham's  'English 
Housewife,'  "  i7our  best  sack  is  of  Xeres  in 
Spain,  your  smaller  of  Gallicia  and  Portugal. 
Your  strong  sacks  are  of  the  Isles  of  the 
Canaries  and  Maligo  (Malaga),"  7th  S.  i.  140. 

EVERARD   HOME   COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

The  following  occurs  in  The  Weekly  Jour- 
nal, 16  December,  1721 : — 

A  Receipt  to  make  a  Sack  Posset. 
From  far  Barbadoes,  on  the  Western  Main, 

Fetch  Sugar  half  a  Pound,  fetch  Sack  from  Spain 
A  Pint ;  then  fetch,  from  India's  fertile  Coast, 

Nutmeg  the  Glory  of  the  British  Toast. 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

SHORTER  :  WALPOLE  (10th  S.  iii.  269,  317, 
337). — As  the  original  querist,  I  must  thank 
your  two  correspondents  who  have  endea- 
voured to  throw  light  on  this  matter.  MR. 
RELTON'S  suggestion  is,  I  think,  the  correct 
solution,  though  it  is  certainly  curious 
to  describe  Lady  Wai  pole's  father  as  a  "neat- 
relative." 

Perhaps  your  correspondents  can  help 
me  still  further.  Does  the  following  entry 
in  the  'Historical  Registers' — "Februarys, 
1718.  Dy'd  Mr.  Shorter,  Chamber  keeper  to 
the  Secretary  of  State's  Office  in  Whitehall  "- 
refer  to  Thomas  Shorter,  Lady  Wai  pole's 
uncle,  who  died  in  that  year?  and  was  this 
office  one  of  those  sinecures  so  freely  bestowed 
on  the  relatives  of  Sir  Robert  ?  Also,  why 
does  MR.  CROUCH,  following  the  example  of 
the  compiler  of  the  catalogue  of  the  Wai- 
pole  sale  at  Strawberry  Hill  in  1842, 
and  also  the  author  of  the  article  in  The 


in.  JUNES,  MOB.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


435 


•Sketch,  call  the  wife  of  Sir  John  Shorter 
Isabella  Birkhead,  when  Peter  Le  Neve,  in 
1718,  in  his  'Pedigrees  of  Knights,'  gives 
her  as  being  "Isabella,  daughter  of  John 
Burkett,  of  Crosstalk,  in  Boroughdale,  Cum 
berlaud  "  ?  and  which  of  these  is  correct  1 

LEOPOLD  A.  YIDLER. 
The  Stone  House,  Rye. 

VULGATE  (10th  S.  iii.  248).— I  do  not  know 
•of  any  edition  of  the  Vulgate  published  in 
England  at  a  moderate  price.  I  have  an 
edition  published  by  Gamier  Freres,  of  Paris 
which  bears  the  imprimatur  of  the  Arch 
bishop  of  Paris,  and  which  cost,  I  think, 
7fr.  50  c.  The  type  is  clear  and  the  papei 
fairly  good,  but  there  are  more  printers 
•errors,  though  the  edition  is  described  on 
the  title-page  as  "accuratissime  emendata," 
than  one  finds  in  books  printed  in  this 
•country.  This  edition  could,  I  presume,  be 
•obtained  through  a  bookseller. 

J.  A.  J.  HOUSDEN. 

PORTRAITS  WHICH  HAVE  LED  TO  MARRIAGES 
•(10th  S.   iii.   287,   334,   377).— See   that    most 
charming  of    French  novels   '  Mademoiselle 
de  Malepeire,3  by  Madame  Charles  Reybaud. 
F.  E.  R.  POLLARD-URQUHART. 

'REBECCA,'  A  NOVEL  (10th  S.  iii.  128,  176, 
593).— MR.  HUBERT  SMITH  writes  to  me  :— 

"I  am  in  correspondence  with  Mr.  George  B. 
Smart,  of  the  Jfew  Era  office,  High  Street,  Uttox- 
•eter,  Staffordshire.  He  has  referred  to  the  '  History 
of  Uttoxeter.'  and  has  found  a  list  of  several  books 
printed  by  Richards,  and  the  list  finishes  with  the 
•following,  '  as  well  as  a  tale  for  a  Mrs.  Holebrook, 
of  Sandoii,  the  name  of  which  I  cannot  discover.' 
This  may  be  the  novel  '  Rebecca ;  or,  the  Victim 
of  Duplicity.'  Saudon,  I  find,  is  about  eleven  miles 
from  Uttoxeter.1' 

The  first  two  volumes  of  this  novel  exist  in 
the  Bibliotheque  de  la  Sorbonne  in  Paris. 

E.  S.  DODGSON. 

LINCOLN  INVENTORY  (10th  S.  iii.  388).—  This 
-question  has  appeared  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  on  two 
occasions  (see  8th  S.  v.  27 ;  viii.  38,  the 
latter  from  the  present  querist,  MR.  EDWARD 
PEACOCK),  but  still  remains  unanswered. 

EVERARD   HOME   COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

LINES  ox  MUG  (10th  S.  iii.  228,  353).— Would 
not  the  "  Farmers'  Arms  "  on  the  curious  two- 
handled  mug  in  MR.  RATCLIFFE'S  possession 
have  been  suggested  by  the  Brewers'  Arms, 
seeing  that  the  brewer  is  so  much  indebted  for 
his  beverages  to  the  farmer  ?  These  Brewers' 
Arms  are  Gules,  on  a  chevron  argent,  between 
three  pairs  of  barley  garbs  in  saltire  or,  three 
tuns  sable,  hooped  of  the  third.  Strictly, 
the  motto  should  be  "  In  God  is  all  our  trust " 


Possibly  other  drinking-cup  mottoes  will 
be  of  interest  to  readers  : — 

Fill  what  you  will,  drink  what  you  fill, 
Drink  deep  or  taste  not. 

"Ben  ti  voglio"  (Italian):  "I  wish  thee 
well,"  the  motto  of  Cardinal  Bentivoglio. 

"Nuncadbibe  puropectore  verba"(  Horace). 

"Fair  cheve  [i.e.,  well  fare]  good  ale,  it 
makes  many  folks  speak  as  they  think " 
(Ray). 

"Drink  little  that  ye  may  drink  long" 
(Scotch). 

"Once  more  and  then,"  in  blue  and  white 
on  mugs  and  punchbowls. 

"  Aurea  mediocritas"  (Horace). 

"  Medio  tutissimus  ibis"  (Ovid). 
Oh,  don't  the  day  seem  limp  and  long 
When  all  goes  right  and  nothing  wrong. 

On  pottery  from  Allervale,  South  Devon- 
shire:— 

Do  not  hurry, 
Do  not  flurry, 
Nothing  good  is  got  by  worry. — 1676. 

Many  other  mottoes  will  be  found  at  6th  S. 

V.  155,  395.  J.   HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

BIGG,  THE  DINTON  HERMIT  (10th  S.  iii.  285. 
336,  376). — In  The  Wonderful  Magazine  and 
Marvellous  Chronicle,  vol.  i.  for  the  year 
1793,  facing  p.  221,  is  a  folded  portrait  of 
the  hermit  ("  Wilkes  sculpt.  Pubd  by  C. 
Johnson  ").  It  measures  8|  in.  in  height  by 

in.  It  is,  in  the  accompanying  letter- 
press, said  to  be  taken  from  an  original 
picture  in  the  possession  of  Scroop  Bernard, 
Esq.,  of  Nether  -  Winchendon,  Bucks.  _  It 
should,  therefore,  correspond  (except  in  size) 
with  that  described  by  MR.  ELIOT  HODGKIN 
(ante,  p.  336).  It  differs  from  it  in  several 
details  and  in  the  proportion  of  the  breadth 
to  the  height.  Neither  hand  is  touching  the 
digging  fork.  The  three  bottles  are  appa- 
rently attached  to  his  girdle.  There  is  no 
pipe.  By  his  right  side  are  a  tall  hour-glass 
and  a  book. 

The  short  account  of  John  Bigg  is  appa- 
ently  taken — though  not  verbatim— from 
the  letter  written  to  Browne  Willis  (ante, 
p.  285).  The  name  of  the  writer  of  the  letter, 
is  given  in  The  Wonderful  Magazine,  is  Thomas 
rlorne  ;  and  22  April,  1629,  is  the  date  of 
3igg's  baptism,  not  of  his  birth. 

ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

HOLLICKE  OR  HOLLECK,  CO.  MIDDLESEX 
10th  S.  iii.  337).— At  9th  S.  ix.  403  MR.  BASIL 
SIRCH  suggested  that  Hollicke  might  be 
lerived  from  holl,  probably  another  form  of 
~iill,  and  idee,  or  eck,  a  variation  of  ock,  and 
bat  it  might  therefore  signify  a  little  hill, 
fortunately  so  many  forms  of  the  name  in 


436 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [ioi-  s.  in.  JUXE  3, 1005. 


early  times  are  found  that  we  need  be  in  no 
doubt  with  regard  to  the  true  etymology. 
Hollicke  was  not  in  Tottenham,  but  in  Friern 
Barnet,  and  in  his  account  of  that  pariah 
Lysons  ('  Environs,'  ed.  1810,  ii.  14)  gives  the 
descent  of  tho  manor  of  "Haliwick,  now 
called  Hollick."  According  to  this  authority, 
quoting  from  "  Cart.  Antiq.  Augmentation 
Office,"  this  manor  was  given  by  Walter  de 
Morton  to  Henry  III.,  who  granted  it  to 
Henry  de  Aldithelegh.  In  21  Hen.  III., 
A.D.  1236-7,  we  find  a  fine  between  John  de 
Halewik'  and  John  de  Nevill  and  Margery 
de  Ripar',  whom  Walter  de  Horton  calls  to 
warrant,  regarding  land  in  Little  Bernete. 
Morton  in  Lysons  should  therefore  probably 
be  Horton  ('Calendar  to  Feet  of  Fines  for 
London  and  Middlesex,'  ed.  Hardy  and  Page, 
i.  23).  In  the  Middlesex  Fines,  from  which 
further  additions  may  be  made  to  the  history 
of  the  manor,  the  name  is  variously  spelt 
Halwyk,  Halewyk,  Hallewyk,  and  Haly- 
wycke,  and  it  is  therefore  plain  that  it  is 
derived  from  the  A.-S.  hdlig,  holy,  and  wic, 
a  dwelling-place.  Though  it  may  not  have 
been  a  "town,"  in  the  modern  sense  of  the 
word,  it  must  at  one  time  have  contained 
some  buildings  with  a  reputation  for  sanctity, 
and  it  was  probably  the  foundations  of  these 
religious  houses  that  were  noted  by  Norden. 
W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

Not  having  Norden's  work  by  my  side,  I 
am  unable  to  compare  my  extract  with  the 
quotation,  but  hope  to  do  so  later  on. 

As  regards  Muswell  Hill,  notwithstanding 
any  allegation  to  the  contrary,  a  portion  of 
it  was,  and  still  is,  in  "the  ancient  parish 
of  Tottenham  "  For  instance,  the  Alexandra 
Palace  and  grounds,  Muswell  Hill,  are  not  in 
Hornsey.  They  are  in  the  parish  of  Wood 
Green,  and  before  the  passing  of  51  &  52  Vic. 
chap,  clxxxviii.  were  rateable  in  Tottenham. 
J.  BASIL  BIRCH. 

15,  Brampton  Road,  South  Tottenham. 

"PURDONIUM"  (10th  S.  iii.  388).— Under  the 
heading  of  '  Coffee  Biggin '  I  find  at  7th  S.  ii. 
455  the  following  sentence  : — 

"Lest  the  origin  of  the  nanie  of  another  article 
should  hereafter  excite  curiosity,  the  coal-box 
standing  at  my  fireside  is  called  a  'purdonium.' 
The  designer  of  the  shape  was  a  Mr.  Purdon." 

EVERARD   HOME   COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

TWITCHEL  (10tu  S.  iii.  289,  351).— The  word 
twitten,  of  the  same  meaning,  must  be  closely 
akin.  In  Low  German  there  is  a  very  similar 
•word,  answering  to  High  German  Gasse, 
used  in  Hamburg  for  alley.  In  The  Estates 
Gazette  one  might  read  of  Ditchling— "Ap- 


proached by  a  narrow  twitten is  a  quaint 

little  graveyard "  H.  P.  L. 

LINCOLN  Civic  INSIGNIA  :  THE  MAYOR'S. 
RING  (10th  S.  iii.  387).— Although  I  cannot 
say  who  stole  the  Mayor  of  Lincoln's  ring  in 
1747,  I  hope  MR.  WILLIAMS  may  accept  the 
evidence  here  offered  that  the  practice  of 
sending  the  mayor's  ring  round  to  the 
public  schools  in  Lincoln  on  the  mayor's 
day,  9  November,  in  order  to  give  the- 
children  a  holiday,  is  not  "  by  ancient 
custom,"  but  is  a  modern  usage.  It  was- 
the  inceptive  act  of  Richard  Sutton  Harvey,. 
M.D.,  on  his  election  to  the  mayoralty  of 
Lincoln  in  1860  ;  and  by  that  act  he  certainly 
obtained  favour  from  the  juveniles  of  the- 
city,  when  school  holidays  were  rarer  and 
shorter  than  now. 

I  well  remember  the  master  of  our  school, 
the  late  Mr.  John  Holton,  receiving  the 
mayor's  message  on  9  November  in  that  year 
through  the  officer  who  entered  the  school 
with  the  mayor's  ring  on  his  thumb  :  making 
the  announcement  an  object  lesson  to  the 
whole  school  on  the  duty  of  always  submit- 
ting to  authority  ;  and  then  giving  the  holi- 
day forthwith. 

Succeeding  mayors  followed  suit.  But 
when  the  mayor's  officer  presented  himself 
inside  the  schoolroom  and  held  up  the- 
mayor's  ring  on  the  next  mayor's  day,  there 
was  no  further  need  of  explanation  from  the 
master. 

The  above  statement  will  also  answer  the 
query  apropos  of  the  same  ring  asked  as  far 
back  as  3  April,  1880  (6th  S.  i.  276) ;  and  I 
hope  MR.  C.  FISHWICK  will  accept  my  apology 
for  not  answering  his  question  at  the  time. 

JAMES  HALL. 

Lindum  House,  Nantwieh. 

A  correspondent  stated  at  6kh  S.  i.  276  that 
once  during  the  mayor's  year  of  office,  but 
he  thinks  on  his  birthday,  the  Mayor  of 
Lincoln  sends  his  official  ring  to  the  principal 
schools,  and  it  is  considered  a  breach  of 
etiquette  if  the  pupils  are  not  given  a  holiday.. 

Another  correspondent  (p.  319)  states  that, 
at  Winchester  a  somewhat  similar  custom  is; 
observed ;  and  another  contributor  affirms*- 
that  at  Grantham  the  mayor  sends  a  seal  by 
the  town  crier  to  the  Grammar  and  otheo 
schools  on  Shrove  Tuesday  for  a  similar 
purpose.  EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN.. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

'STEER  TO  THE  NoR'-NoR'-WEST '  (106h  SI. 
ii.  427, 490  ;  iii.  13, 172).— I  have  always  under- 
stood this  story  was  connected  with  Capt. 
Henry  Digby,  of  H.M.  frigate  Alcmene,  who 
in  consequence  joined  with  H.M.  ships  Naiad, 


.  iii.  JCN-E  MHOS.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


437 


Triton,  and  another  in  capturing  on 
16  October,  1799,  the  t\vo  Spanish  frigates 
Thetis  and  Santa  Brigada.  The  two  Spaniards 
were  full  of  treasure,  and  each  seaman  and 
marine  obtained  nearly  2001.  as  his  share  of 
the  prize  money,  each  captain  receiving 
40.000Z.  HERBERT  KING  HALL. 

H.M.S.  Cumberland. 

EPITAPHS:  THEIR  BIBLIOGRAPHY  (10th  S.  i. 
44,  173,  217,  252,  334  ;  ii.  57,  194,  533 ;  iii.  114, 
•195,  371). — As  the  last  correspondent  on  this 
subject  refers  to  MS.  collections,  I  may  be 
allowed  to  say  that  I  have  copied  all  the  deci- 
pherable inscriptions  in  both  the  church  and 
churchyard  of  West  Haddon.  The  collection 
as  at  present  in  my  possession,  contained  in 
three  volumes,  to  each  of  which  a  numbered 
plan  is  attached  indicating  the  position  of 
the  tablets  and  gravestones  referred  to 
therein. 

Under  Essex  should  be  added  '  Among  the 
Tombs  of  Colchester'  (1880),  published  by 
Beuham  &  Co.,  price  sixpence. 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

"LEGESVRE"  (10th  S.  iii.  309).— Is  not  this 
a  misreading  of  the  not  uncommon  French 
name  of  Legendre  or  Le  Gendre? 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

VIXENS  AND  DRUNKENNESS  (10th  S.  iii.  389). 
— MR.  DODGSON  asks  if  English  contains 
expressions  similar  to  the  Spanish  cazar  una 
eorra  (also  pillar  una  zorra,  tomar  una  zorra). 
to  make  oneself  drunk  ;  estar  hecho  zorra,  to 
be  drunk,  &c.  In  'Slang  and  its  Analogues, 
that  unique  storehouse  of  the  colloquial,  he 
will  find  the  exact  equivalents,  viz.,  "  to 
catch  a  fox "  and  "  to  be  foxed,"  the  lattei 
dating  from  1611.  His  romantic  equation  oi 
Welsh  f/uineu,  reddish,  with  Catalan  yuineu 
a  fox,  seems  to  me  inadmissible  for  many 
reasons,  mostly  phonetic.  The  Catalan  term 
is  a  corruption  of  Provencal  <juiner.  This  in 
turn  appears  to  be  contracted  from  guinert 
since  the  corresponding  verb  is  guinerdejar 
which  occurs  in  a  fine  poem  ascribed  to 
Arnau  d'Erill  (fifteenth  century)  in  the  line 

Ta  malvestats  te  fa  guinerdejar. 
•Guinerdejar  here  has    nothing  to   do    witl 
drunkenness,   but   merely  means   "  to  plaj 
the  fox."  JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

Zorra  is  the  regular  Spanish  word  for  fox 
it  is  used  also  as  the  name  of  a  loos  3  woman 
It  is  probably  derived  from  \fi6pa,  the  mange 
because  foxes  are    supposed    to    lose   thei 
hair  in  the  summer ;  cf.  our  word  alopecia 
•Some  philologers  have  derived  the  word  from 
the  Bask  zurra,  clever,  sly.    The  meaning 
attached  to  zorra  of  meretrix  might  easily 


)ass  into  drunkard  :  with  us  vixen  has  in 
ike  manner  passed  into  the  signification  of  a 
:ommon  scold.  H.  A.  STRONG. 

COLISEUMS  OLD  AND  NEW  (10th  S.  ii.  485, 
329  ;  iii.  52,  116,  189,  255).— An  article  of  five 
columns  on  the  Colosseum  appeared  in  The 
Literary  Gazette  of  17  Jan.,  1829 ;  a  note  was 
n  the  following  week's  issue  (p.  59) ;  and 
another  long  article,  with  an  architectural 
drawing  of  the  place,  in  the  issue  of  31  Jan. 

W.  ROBERTS. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &o. 
The.  Book  of  the  Spiritual  Life.    By  the  late  Lady 
Dilke.    With  a  Memoir  of  the  Author  by  the 
Right  Hon.  Sir  Charles  W.  Dilke,  Bart.,  M.P. 
(Murray.) 

To  those  privileged  to  possess  the  acquaintance  of 
the  late  Lady  Dilke  this  volume  will  make  direct 
and  irresistible  appeal  ;  to  a  more  general  public  it 
will  come  as  the  record  of  a  noble,  industrious,  and 
well-spent  life,  memorable  in  literature,  art,  and 
social  progress,  and  as  the  final  exposition  of  a 
spiritual,  poetical,  and  in  a  sense  optimistic, 
faith.  In  order  fully  to  appreciate  the  significance 
of  those  writings  of  Lady  Dilke  which  reach  us  as  a 
voix  d' outre  tombe,  it  is  necessary  to  have  some 
knowledge  of  'The  Shrine  of  Death'  and  'The 
Shrine  of  Love,'  works  to  which  portions  of  the 
present  volume  are  intended  to  be  complementary. 
For  the  purpose  of  delectation  in  a  masterly 
account  of  a  singularly  interesting,  important,  and 
fascinating  personality  no  previous  knowledge  is 
requisite.  A  portion  of  Lady  Di Ike's  career  is 
the  common  property  of  all  students  of  literature 
and  art ;  another  portion  is  enshrined  in  the  affec- 
tion and  admiration  of  her  friends.  By  a  select 
but  cosmouolitan  world  she  is  remembered  as  one 
whose  influence  over  others  extended  far  beyond 
her  recognized  accomplishment,  considerable  a* 
this  was,  in  letters.  Thanks  to  her  intimacies 
with  the  best,  most  cultivated,  and  most  repre- 
sentative men  and  women  of  her  day,  she  all  but 
succeeded  in  re-establishing  in  Oxford  and  Lindon 
the  literary  saloi  which  is  now  a  memory  or  a 
tradition  of  the  past. 

A  task  of  supreme  difficulty  attende  1  the 
biographer,  who  had,  while  satisfying  the  legiti- 
mate curiosity  of  those  interested  in  his  subject, 
to  steer  his  way  among  sanctities  in  some 
such  fashion  as  the  heroine  of  old  trod  through 
the  hot  ploughshares.  Admirably  has  the  feat 
been  accomplished,  and  though  the  chisralry 
and  the  devotion  of  the  writer  are  everywhere 
apparent,  the  reticence  of  the  utterance  is  not  less 
manifest  than  its  fidelity  and  truth.  A  measure  of 
the  guardedness  of  which  we  speak  is  obligatory 
upon  ourselves,  and  it  is  inexpedient  that 
we  should  obtrude  any  personal  note  in  what 
is  intended  to  be  a  literary  estimate  or 
appreciation.  Concerning  the  writer  on  art,  and 
notably  on  French  art,  in  which  respect  Lady  Dilke 
had  scarcely  a  rival,  it  would — though  to  do  justice 
to  this  aspect  of  her  taste  and  erudition  requires  a 
rarely  accorded  knowledge  and  power  of  apprecia- 
tion— be  easy  to  expand.  On  her  accomplishment 


438 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  B.  in.  JUNE  3, 1905. 


in  this  direction  we  have  passed  frequent,  if  inade- 
quate, comment.  With  her  devoted  labours  for  the 
amelioration  of  the  lot  of  women  it  is  forbidden  us 
to  deal,  while  to  describe  her  social  influence  over 
whatever  is  best  in  the  worlds  of  literature  and  art 
space  is  entirely  wanting.  Among  those  whose 
names  most  frequently  occur,  and  who  seem  to 
have  been  most  closely  associated  with  LadyDilke's 
intellectual  growth  and  development,  are  Ruskin 
(whose  influence,  though  she  often  dissents  from 
him,  is  traceable),  Browning,  George  Eliot, 
Mark  Pattison,  Renan,  G.  F.  Watts,  Randolph 
Caldecott,  and  Eugene  Miintz,  the  head  of  the 
Ecole  des  Beaux-Arts.  Apart  from  the  charac- 
teristic work  now  first  printed,  some  occasional 
memoranda,  quoted  by  Sir  Charles  from  her  note- 
books, illustrate  the  essential  nobility  of  her  cha- 
racter. While  in  Oxford  she  wrote:  "The  worst 
to  me  of  this  life  here  is  the  sense  of  personal  degra- 
dationwhich  accompanies  theexercise  of  whatpeople 
call  '  tact."  1  feel  more  ashamed  at  small  scheming 
than  I  should  (I  think)  at  a  crime.  There  is  some- 
thing morally  lowering  about  '  management.'  Once 
out  of  it,  however,  it  shakes  off  like  dust."  Another 
phrase  from  a  letter  is,  "To  seek  is  nearly  as  good 
as  to  find,  for  in  seeking  one  finds  also  things  one 
did  not  seek."  That  Lady  Dilke's  eminently 
poetical  stories  were  written  to  "lay  ghosts"  we 
now  learn  from  her  husband.  In  '  The  Book  of 
the  Spiritual  Life'  we  find  an  observation  as 
•hrewa  as  that  of  Montaigne,  with  a  spiritual 
insight  which  Maeterlinck  might  envy,  the 
whole  illustrated  by  an  erudition  of  a  kind 
elsewhere  unusual,  and  illuminated  by  the 
noblest  and  most  widespread  sympathies.  Such 
things  vindicate  their  reproduction,  for  they  are, 
indeed,  too  good  to  be  lost.  We  know  not  where, 
also,  among  English  writers  we  can  find  familiarity 
with  the  'Divine  Comedy '  accompanied  by  know- 
ledge of  the  'Songe  de  Poliphile'  and  the  fabliaux 
of  Rutebeuf.  The  case  is  worthy  of  the  jewel,  the 
book  being  a  bibliographical  treasure.  It  contains 
some  very  interesting  and  striking  designs  by  Lady 
Dilke,  whose  command  of  the  pencil  was  not  less 
than  that  of  the  pen— her  thumbnail  sketches  and 
lighter  products  are  delightful  (see  that  of  the 
Boggart  opposite  p.  64) — and  has  three  charming 
portraits,  showing  her  at  various  ages.  One  por- 
trait, the  last  ever  taken,  presents  her  as  her 
friends  will  remember  her,  with  a  face  indicative 
of  past  suffering,  but  sanguine,  hopeful,  and,  in  a 
sense,  radiant. 

A  Xcu;  Variorum  Edition  of  Shakespeare.  Edited 
by  Horace  Howard  Furness. — Vol.  XtV.  Love's 
Labour's  Lost.  (Philadelphia,  J.  B.  Lippincott 
Company.) 

CONTINUING  zealously  his  self-imposed  and  worthily 
discharged  task,  Dr.  Horace  Howard  Furness  has 
brought  within  reach  of  the  student  in  the  Ame- 
rican Variorum  Edition  the  principal  tragedies  of 
Shakespeare,  and  is  now  proceeding  seriatim 
through  the  comedies.  Resisting  the  temptation 
to  deal  primarily  with  the  plays  which  are  most 
frequently  acted,  and  seem  therefore  to  put  forth 
the  most  pressing  claims,  he  is  giving  in  their  turn 
works  which,  like  the  present,  are  all  but  unknown 
to  the  modern  stage.  '  Love's  Labour 's  Lost ' 
enjoys  the  distinction  (almost,  if  not  quite  unique) 
of  having  remained  unacted  in  post-Restoration 
time  until  the  days  of  Plielps  at  Sadler's  Wells, 
involving  a  presumable  absence  from  the  stage  of 


two  hundred  and  fifty  odd  years— 1604  to  1857.  AID 
anonymous  adaptation  for  the  stage  was  prepared 
in  1762.  This,  however,  seems  to  have  remained 
unperformed.  In  the  large,  if  inchoate,  index  to 
Genest  the  only  mention  of  'Love's  Labour's  Lost' 
stands  opposite  a  reference  to  this  work  which  few 
of  the  most  ardent  students  of  Shakespeare  can 
have  seen  and  to  which  few  are  likely  to  turn. 
By  consent,  virtually  general,  'Love's  Labour's 
Lost'  is  held  the  earliest  in  date  of  the  Shake- 
spearian plays.  It  is  usually  regarded  as  the- 
weakest  also.  Dr.  Johnson  almost  alone  seems 
disposed  to  cast  doubts  upon  its  authorship,  and 
Hazlitt  says,  though  he  subsequently  goes  far 
towards  retracting  his  utterance,  that  "  if  we  were 
to  part  with  any  of  the  author's  comedies  it  would 
be  this."  On  the  other  hand,  Mr.  Swinburne,  in 
the  course  of  a  divinely  inspired  comment,  says- 
that  in  the  language  of  'Love's  Labour's  Lost'  we 
find  "a  very  riot  of  rhymes,  wild  and  wanton  in 
their  half-grown  grace  as  a  troop  of  'young  satyrs, 
tender  hoofed  and  ruddy  horned'  ;  during  certain- 
scenes  we  seem  almost  to  stand  again  by  the  cradle- 
of  new-born  comedy,  and  hear  the  first  lisping  and 
laughing  accents  run  over  from  her  baby  lips  in* 
bubbling  rhyme  ;  but  when  the  note  changes  we- 
recognixe  the  speech  of  gods."  Dr.  Furness's  effort 
in  this,  as  in  preceding  volumes,  is  to  supply  the 
text  of  the  first  edition,  with  all  the  variants 
noted  at  the  foot  of  the  text,  and  with  the  prin- 
cipal verbal  comments  below.  Once  more  the  task 
of  reducing  to  the  test  of  reason  the  wild  conjec- 
tures of  critics  is  carried  out,  and  the  influence 
of  the  editor  is  ever  on  the  side  of  common  sense. 
Close  and  continuous  study  of  the  text  seems,  how- 
ever, to  exercise  a  bewildering  influence,  and  the 
editor,  though  one  of  the  sanest  of  his  class,  and  by 
far  the  most  sound  in  view  as  to  the  limits  of  emen- 
dation, is  disposed  at  times  to  be,  we  hold,  over 
tolerant.  There  are  five  passages  in  'Love's- 
Labour's  Lost'  which  are  held  to  defy  all  attempt 
at  explanation.  These  have  to  be  passed  over, 
since  illumination  is  now  scarcely  like  to  reach 
us.  There  are  many  others  in  which  conjecture 
needlessly  darkens  counsel.  In  respect  of  the  in- 
tention of  the  work  to  make  sport  of  euphuism,  a 
subject  on  which  much  is  said.  Dr.  Furness  has 
many  wise  words.  The  view  also  that  Biron  and 
Rosaline  are  studies  for  Benedick  and  Beatrice  is- 
far  from  finding  plenary  acceptance.  Nothing  in 
the  editorial  matter  is  of  more  account  than  the 
comparison  between  the  two  pairs  of  lovers.  In 
Act  II.  sc.  i.  1.  87,  it  is  asked  if  the  use  of  the 
word/dire  by  Boyet,  addressing  the  Princess,  in 

Navar  had  notice  of  your  faire  approach, 

is  not  "somewhat  suspicious."  We  think  not  so 
in  the  least;  nor  do  we  hold  that  any  difficulty 
such  as  is  suggested  is  found,  1.  97,  in  the  King's 
reference  to  the  Court  of  Navar.  In  this,  as  in 
other  cases,  as  we  have  before  said,  a  sort  of  obtuse- 
ness  seems  the  result  of  close  investigation.  In  the 
last  sentences  of  his  preface  Dr.  Furness  takes  the 
right  view:  "Be  then  and  there  the  drowsy  hum 
of  commentators  uncared  for  and  unheard."  In 
language  we  frequently  employ,  we  say  that  read- 
ing '  Love's  Labour 's  Lost '  is  like  repose  on  summer 
grass,  and  him  who  regards  such  indulgence  as 
waste  time  we  leave  to  himself.  The  selection  of 
comments  at  the  close  is  edifying  and  valuable, 
and  the  book  is  a  thrice-welcome  addition  to  the 
treasure-house  the  editor  is  providing. 


in.  JUNE  s,  1905.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


439 


Specimens  of  the  Elizabethan  Drama  from  Lylt/  to 
Shirley,  A.I>.  1580-A.D.  1642.  By  W.  H.  Wil- 
liams,  M.A.  (Oxford,  Clarendon  Press.) 
WE  have  here  a  capital  idea,  admirably  carried 
out.  The  book,  which  reaches  ua  from  Tasmania, 
is  intended  to  be  supplementary  to  that  of  Lamb, 
after  whom,  as  Prof.  Williams  says,  it  is  difficult 
to  glean.  We  should  personally  class  Suckling  as 
the  last  of  the  Elizabethan  dramatists,  and  did  so 
in  extracts  which  we  made  half  a  century  ago, 
partly  for  personal  gratification  and  partly  with 
an  idea  of  publishing  a  work  kindred  with  this. 
Shirley  has  always  been  regarded  as  the  last  of  the 
great  dramatists— and  so  in  a  sense  he  is.  Suckling 
is,  however,  touched  to  finer  issues.  His  period  is 
easily  comprised  within  that  of  Shirley,  who 
survived  him  a  score  years,  and  his  death  in  1642 
virtually  coincided  with  that  of  the  Elizabethan 
drama.  At  the  period  when  our  own  close  studies 
of  the  drama  were  followed  many  of  the  great 
writers  were  only  accessible  in  the  original 
editions,  though  Dyce  had  rendered  fine  service. 
The  labours,  no  less  important,  of  Mr.  Bullen  had 
yet  to  be  undertaken,  and  the  great  series  of  dra- 
matic reprints  begun  by  the  University  Presses 
were  leagues  away.  Of  these  publications,  so  far 
as  they  have  extended,  Prof.  Williams  has  made 
use ;  though  he,  too,  in  the  case  of  men  such  as 
Rowley,  Munday,  and  Chettle,  has  had  to  turn  to 
the  original  editions.  It  is  obviously  intended  by 
us  for  compliment  when  we  say  that  scores  of  the 
passages  still  accessible  to  us  in  our  own  note- 
books are  to  be  found  in  the  present  collection. 
Large  as  it  is  (and  it  occupies  some  600  pages),  the 
work  is  not  exhaustive  ;  it  is  not,  indeed,  designed 
to  be  so.  We  might  almost  ask,  as  Sheridan  is 
(falsely,  it  may  be  supposed)  reported  to  have  done 
on  being  shown  Dodd's  '  Beauties  of  Shakespeare ' : 
"  This  is  all  very  well,  but  where  are  the  other 
eleven  volumes?"  The  selection  is  made  with 
taste  and  judgment,  and  illustrates  excellently 
many  aspects  of  the  writers  included,  especially  the 

Eoetical.  Though  most  of  the  leading  dramatists 
ave  been  issued  in  complete  editions,  some  of 
them— notably  the  earlier — are  still  neglected  by 
the  present  generation.  Students  of  this  volume 
will  soon  see  how  much  amusement  is  to  be  derived 
from  Lyly,  how  much  beauty  to  be  found  in 
Peele.  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  even — of  whose 
works  two  editions,  for  both  of  which  there  is 
room,  are  promised — is  a  mine  almost  unworked  by 
the  general  labourer.  To  be  ignorant  of  '  The 
Faithful  Shepherdess,'  '  The  Maid's  Tragedy,'  and 
*  Philaster '  is  unpardonable  :  but  the  great  quarry 
of  their  writings  is  virtually  unexplored.  Pleasant 
preliminary  information  is  supplied  in  the  case 
of  each  writer,  a  valuable  index  is  added, 
and  useful  notes  show  a  wide  range  of  reading. 
Every  student  is  bound  to  aim  at  the  possession 
of  complete  editions  of  men  such  as  Marlowe. 
Webster,  and  Ford.  Time  will  doubtless  bring  us 
trustworthy  editions  of  Heywood,  Dekker,  and 
Chapman.  Many  other  dramatists  are  within 
reach.  To  those  who  do  not  possess  the  collected 
works  of  Elizabethan  writers  the  present  volume 
will  be  found  opulent  in  delight,  and  those  who  do 
will  be  tempted  to  linger  over  its  fascinating  pages. 
Wisely,  as  we  think,  Prof.  Williams  holds  Shake- 
speare outside  his  scheme,  and  does  not  include  the 
passages  selected  by  Lamb.  We  will  not  ask  again 
for  eleven  more  volumes ;  for  one  more,  however, 
we  will  plead. 


BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUES.—  JUNE. 

THE  Antiquarian  Book  Company  have  some  in- 
teresting autograph  letters.  One  from  Alexander 
Smith,  in  which  he  writes,  on  6  October,  1856,  off 
Aytpun's  '  Bothwell,'  "A  clear  case  of  literary 
suicide.  The  Professor  has  cut  his  throat  from  ear 

to  ear He  is  a  great  fellow,  Aytoun,  and  I  wislu 

he  had  made  a  better  appearance,"  is  priced  10-*  GcL 
In  another  George  Giltillan,  Dundee,  6  Jan.,  1855, 
writes  to  a  young  poet :  "  I  had  to  struggle  on  for 
years  with  a  restive  congregation,  an  unsympathising 

town I  laboured  hard Do  not  be  iu  a  great, 

hurry  to  print"  (6s.  6d.). 

Mr.  B.  H.  Blackwell,  of  Oxford,  has  many 
fresh  purchases.  Under  Antiquarian  we  find  Prof. 
G.  Stephens's 'Old  Northern  Runic  Monuments  of " 
Scandinavia,'  3  vols.  folio,  3/.  15s.  There  are  inter- 
esting items  under  Art  and  Architecture,  Bio- 
graphy, and  Folk-lore.  Under  History  are  a  copy 
of  Whitcombe  and  Sutherland's  'Naval  Achieve- 
ments,' 12^.  12-s.  ;  Rawlinson's  'Monarchies  of  the- 
Ancient  Eastern  World,'  6  vols.,  71.  Is.  •  and  Scot- 
tish History  Society,  15  vols.,  11.  Is.  There  are- 
many  books  from  the  library  of  the  late  Prof.  Free- 
man (some  of  these  contain  his  autograph),  also  from/ 
the  library  of  the  late  Rev.  Albert  Watson.  Among 
these  are  several  of  the  Daniel  Press,  including 
Bridges's  'Poems,'  4/.  12s.  6d. ;  Keats,  '21.  Is.  Qd.t 
and  'Our  Memories,'  a  beautiful  copy,  bound  in 
olive-green  morocco,  6V.  6*.  This  contains  remi- 
niscences by  W.  Tuck  well,  C.  W.  Boase,  G.  A. 
Denison,  F.  W.  Newman,  G.  Rawlinson,  and  J.  R. 
Bloxam. 

The  catalogue  of  Mr.  \Yilliam  Brown,  of  Edin- 
burgh, is  specially  interesting,  and  is  indeed  full  of 
treasures.  We  can  make  note  of  only  a  few,  such, 
as  a  complete  set  of  the  Baunatyne  Club  Publi- 
cations, 166  vols.,  225/.  ;  a  copy  of  the  rare  first 
edition  of  the  first  English  translation  of  the- 
'  Decameron.'  457.  ;  a  complete  set  of  the  "  Goupil 
English  Biographies,"  Hot.  ;  the  first  edition  of 
'Endymion,'  78/.  10-s.  ;  a  set  of  the  'Mus£e  Francais 
et  Musee  Royal,'  SQL  ;  Mrs.  Bray's  '  Life  of  Stot- 
hard,' extended  to  3  vols.  by  the  addition  of  over 
600  engravings,  321.  10s.;  and  the  first  edition  of 
Burton's  '  Anatomy  of  Melancholy,'  48/.  A  copy  of 
Burns's  Poems,  2  vols.,  1793,  annotated  by  the  poet, 
is  priced  187^-  At  the  poem  'On  a  Scotch  Bard 
going  to  the  West  Indies,'  he  writes,  "This  was 
written  when  I  was  preparing  for  Jamaica."  Among 
the  autographs  are  letters  of  Charles  II.,  Walter 
Scott,  Burns,  and  Charlotte  Bronte.  These  are  all 
long  and  important  ones. 

Mr.  F.  S-  Cleaver,  of  Bath,  has  a  catalogue  of 
general  literature,  including  a  special  list  of 
Theology. 

Mr.  J.  G.  Commin,  of  Exeter,  has  many  items 
of  interest  in  his  list  No.  214.  Among  these 
we  note  Stedmau  and  Hutchinson's  'American 
Literature,'  21.  18s.  (published  at  111.  Us.) ;  a  choice 
set  of  Bewick's  '  Birds '  and  '  Quadrupeds,'  largest 
paper,  Newcastle,  1805-7,  10J.  10-*.  ;  and  Blake's 
'  Book  of  Job,'  proof  impressions,  18/.  10s.  A  copy 
of  the  '  Pilgrim's  Progress,'  Utrecht,  1684,  is  priced 
at  51.  5s.  This  is  the  first  and  exceedingly  rare 
translation  into  Dutch.  A  complete  set  of  McLean 
&,  Miller's  '  Costume  of  Various  Countries,'  1804-18, 
is  10/.  10-$.  (original  cost  691.):  first  edition  of 
Dickens's  'Grimaldi,'  51.  18>\  ;  a  handsome  set  of 


410 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  in.  JUNE  3, 1005. 


.Jesse's  'Historical  and  Literary  Memoirs,'  1900-1, 
IS/  18*  There  is  also  a  collection  of  fifty  pencil 
•drawings  by  Linton,  1828-9,  10?.  10s. 

Mr  Sydney  V.  Galloway,  of  Aberystwyth,  has  a 
good  'general  catalogue,  many  of  the  books  being 
very  cheap.  A  copy  of  Brandon's  Gothic  Archi- 
tecture '  2  vols.  large  4to,  new  as  published  at  51.  OS., 
is  priced  at  16*.  6d.  There  are  a  number  of  works 
under  County  Histories  and  under  Classical.  A 
•CODV  of  Maxwell's  'House  of  Douglas'  is  10s'.,  and 
the  Whitehall  edition  of  Shakespeare,  24s.  Farmer 
and  Henley's  '  Slang  Dictionary,'  7  vols.  4to,  as  new, 
-is  51.  Mr.  Galloway  also  publishes  monthly  lists  of 
books  relating  to  Wales. 

List  282  of  Messrs.  William  George's  Sons,  of 
Bristol,"comprises  additions  to  their  former  lists, 
including  a  large  number  of  tracts  relating  to 
•Charles  I.  and  the  Commonwealth. 

Mr  William  Glaisher  has  a  supplementary  cata- 
logue of  remainders.  Many  of  these  are  priced 
remarkably  low.  The  last  portion  contains  a  list 
•  of  French  classics  at  1*'.  9</.  per  volume. 

Mr  J  Haslam,  Talbot  Court,  Gracechurch  Street, 
has  a  short  list  of  general  literature  at  popular 
prices. 

Mr  J.  Jacob,  Edgware  Road,  issues  a  Summer 
•Catalogue.  This  opens  with  Martinet's  series  of 
five  hundred  hand  -  coloured  plates  illustrating 
•Buffon's  '  Histoire  des  .OtaMB.'  price  151.  15s. 
Other  items  are  Pine  s  Order  of  the  Hath,  1/30, 
•61.  ICs.  ;  Annandale's  '  Encyclopedia,  If  vols., 
•21s  ;  the  first  collected  edition  of  Landor  s  Works, 
Moxon,  1846,  40*.;  Cooke  Taylor's  ' Life  of  Peel, 
15s  •  and  a  copy  of  '  Supernatural  Religion,  toge- 
ther with  Lightfoot's  reply,  4  vols.,  30s.  Under 
-Swinburne  is  the  very  scarce  first  edition  ot  Speci- 
mens of  Modern  Poets,'  636'.;  also  'Poems  and 
Uallads,'  first  series,  5?. 

Mr.  John  Jeffery,  City  Road,  includes  in  his  list 
some  interesting  MSB.  Under  India  are  The  Mys- 
tery of  the  Nassack  Treasure,  1818,  51.  5s.  ;  Plan 
-for  defending  the  Range  of  Hills  from  the  Aumba 
Ghaut '  1817, 2?.  2*. ;  and  '  Notes  on  the  Insurrection 
of  Mysore,'  1830,  21.  '2s.  Under  Africa  there  are 
•copies  of  correspondence  relating  to  the  attack 
made  by  emigrant  Dutch  farmers  on  the  tribe  of 
the  chief  Neapaye,  1840  to  1844,  price  51.  5s. -Under 
•Cambridge  occur  manuscript  copies  of  the  Whittle- 
sey  Decrees  and  an  introduction  to  the  charter  of 
Wisbech,  1809,  -31.  3s. ;  and  under  Jamaica  is  a 
narrative  of  the  Wesleyan  missions,  also  31.  3s. 
There  are  a  number  of  plans  and  old  deeds. 

Mr.  Macphail,  of  Edinburgh,  has  in  his  List 
:No.  LXXX.  many  books  relating  to  Scotland,  in- 
•cluding  a  set  of  the  Preceding*  of  the  Society  of 
Antiquaries  of  Scotland. 

Mr.  A.  Russell  Smith  has  a  catalogue  of  books, 
-chiefly  of  the  seventeenth  century.  Under  Carstairs 
are  three  Scottish  Chap-Books,  1688-91,  price  51. 15s. 
No  other  copies  are  believed  to  be  known.  Under 
iPepys  is  a  copy  of  the  'Historic'  of  Philip  de 
•€ommines,  1614.  This  contains  an  autograph  in- 
•scription  by  Anne  Pepys.  There  is  also  a  poem, 
"•The  Stout  Lord  Wharton,'  written  and  signed  by 
her  A  copy  of  Ogilby's  extremely  rare  '  Pocket 
Book  of  Roads,'  1679.  is  priced  35*'.  Capt.  Walter 
."Scot's  '  Scot  Family,'  first  edition,  1688,  is  81.  8s. 
Lockhart  relates  the  delight  of  Scott  on  receiving 
vfrom  Terry  the  actor  a  copy  of  this  book  by  his 


namesake.  There  is  a  first  edition  of  'TheBooke 
of  Honor  and  Armes,'  4to,  1590,  8?.  8*.  This  is  said 
to  be  the  book  referred  to  in  'As  You  Like  It.' 
There  is  also  a  most  interesting  list  of  rare  and 
curious  tracts,  chronologically  arranged,  extending 
from  1585  to  1790. 

Messrs.  Sotheran's  catalogue  opens  with  works 
under  America.  There  is  a  good  copy  of  Monardes's 
'Joyfull  Newes  out  of  the  New-Found  Worlde,' 
1596,  151.  15s.  Poyntz's  '  Present  Prospect  of  the 
Famous  and  Fertile  Island  of  Tobago,'  first  edition, 
1683,  is  priced  11.  is.  This  is  not  in  Lowndes.  A 
fine  copy  of  Blore's  '  Monumental  Remains,'  1826, 
is  3?.  15$. ;  an  uncut  copy  of  Boccaccio,  1757, 12?.  12s. ; 
a  fine  copy  of  Buck's  '  Antiquities,'  77?.  10s.  ;  and 
'  Don  "  Bowie's  copy  of  '  Don  Quixote,'  Madrid, 
1750,  is  priced  8?.  8s.  This  contains  his  notes,  some 
of  which  were  not  published  in  his  edition  of  1781. 
A  copy  of  Lord  Vernon's  privately  printed  edition 
of  Dante  is  9?.  9s.  There  is  a  set  of  Rowlandson, 
in  beautiful  condition,  125?.  ;  and  a  sound  copy 
of  Dugdale's  'Warwickshire,'  1730-96,  is  "211.  10*. 
Under  Shakespeare  are  several  choice  items,  in- 
cluding a  fine  copy  of  the  Fourth  Folio  and  a  set 
bound  by  Lewis,  84?.  Under  Surrey  is  a  copy  of 
Manning  and  Bray,  22?.  10s.  Eckenstein's  '  Woman 
under  Moiiasticism,'  an  important  remainder,  is 
6s.  6d. 

Mr.  Thomas  Thorp,  of  Reading,  lias  an  excellent 
general  list  with  many  recent  purchases.  Under 
Bewick  is  a  large  collection  of  Chap-Books,  73  vols., 
10?.  10s.  These  include  many  early  juveniles.  Under 
Brighton  we  notice  Repton's  '  Designs  for  the  Pavi- 
lion,' 1808,  1?.  18s  6d.  There  are  some  beautiful 
subjects  in  the  Bartolozzi  style  in  '  The  Cabinet 
of  Genius,'  1787,  4/.  17s.  Gd.  A  curious  book  is 
'Vulgar  Errpurs  in  Practice  Censured,'  1659,  35*. 
This  "  contains  a  censure  of  the  epidemical!  practice 
of  reproaching  Red-Hair'd  men."  There  are  first 
editions  of  Dickens,  George  Eliot,  and  Swinburne. 
A  copy  of  FitzGerald's  'Letters  and  Remains,' new, 
is  priced  31.  13s.  6d.  This  is  marked  out  of  print. 


to 

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J.  C.  M.  ("Lycidas"). — The  reference  is  presum- 
ably to  Milton's  poem. 

J^CORRIGENDA. — 'The  Rev.  James  Sterling'  (ante, 
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No.  132  contains  a  Collection  of  Bare  Old  Flays  of 
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NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  m.  JU*K  s,  iw. 

K  I  N  G'S 

CLASSICAL    AND     FOREIGN 

QUOTATIONS. 

NOW    READY.     65.  net. 

"We  have  to  announce  a  new  edition  of  this  Dictionary.  It  first  appeared  at  the  end  of 
'87,  and  was  quickly  disposed  of.  A  larger  (and  corrected)  issue  came  out  in  the  spring  of 
1889,  and  is  now  out  of  print.  The  Third,  published  on  July  14,  contains  a  large 
accession  of  important  matter,  in  the  way  of  celebrated  historical  and  literary  sayings  and 
mots,  much  wanted  to  bring  the  Dictionary  to  a  more  complete  form,  and  now  appearing  in 
its  pages  for  the  first  time.  On  the  other  hand,  the  pruning  knife  has  been  freely  used,  and 
the  excisions  are  numerous.  A  multitude  of  trivial  and  superfluous  items  have  thus  been 
cast  away  wholesale,  leaving  only  those  citations  which  were  worthy  of  a  place  in  a  standard 
work  of  reference.  As  a  result,  the  actual  number  of  quotations  is  less,  although  it  is  hoped 
that  the  improvement  in  quality  will  more  than  compensate  for  the  loss  in  quantity.  The 
book  has,  in  short,  been  not  only  revised,  but  rewritten  throughout,  and  is  not  so  much  a  new 
edition  as  a  new  work.  It  will  be  seen  also  that  the  quotations  are  much  more  "  racontes  " 
than  before,  and  that  where  any  history,  story,  or  allusion  attaches  to  any  particular  saying, 
the  opportunity  for  telling  the  tale  has  not  been  thrown  away.  In  this  Vay  what  is  primarily 
taken  up  as  a  book  of  reference,  may  perhaps  be  retained  in  the  hand  as  a  piece  of  pleasant 
reading,  that  is  not  devoid  at  times  of  the  elements  of  humour  and  amusement.  One  other 
feature  of  the  volume,  and  perhaps  its  most  valuable  one,  deserves  to  be  noticed.  The 
previous  editions  professed  to  give  not  only  the  quotation,  but  its  reference ;  and,  although 
performance  fell  very  far  short  of  promise,  it  was  at  that  time  the  only  dictionary  of  the  kind 
published  in  this  country  that  had  been  compiled  with  that  definite  aim  in  view.  In  the 
present  case  no  citation — with  the  exception  of  such  unaffiliated  things  as  proverbs,  maxims, 
and  mottoes — has  been  admitted  without  its  author  and  passage,  or  the  "  chapter  and  verse  " 
in  which  it  may  be  found,  or  on  which  it  is  founded.  In  order,  however,  not  to  lose 
altogether,  for  want  of  identification,  a  number  of  otherwise  deserving  sayings,  an  appendix 
of  Adespota  is  supplied,  consisting  of  quotations  which  either  the  editor  has  failed  to  trace  to 
their  source,  or  the  paternity  of  which  has  not  been  satisfactorily  proved.  There  are  four 
indexes — Authors  and  authorities,  Subject  index,  Quotation  index,  and  index  of  Greek 
passages.  Its  deficiencies  notwithstanding,  '  Classical  and  Foreign  Quotations '  has  so  far 
remained  without  a  rival  as  a  polyglot  manual  of  the  tvorld's  famous  sayings  in  one  pair  of 
covers  and  of  moderate  dimensions,  and  its  greatly  improved  qualities  should  confirm  it  still 
more  firmly  in  public  use  and  estimation. 


K  I  N  G'S 

CLASSICAL     AND    FOREIGN 

QUOTATIONS. 

London:  J.  WHITAKER  &  SONS,  LTD.,  12,  Warwick  Lane,  B.C. 

Published  Weekly  by  JOHN  O.  FRANCIS.  Bream's  Buildings.  Chancery  Lane.  B.C.  :  and  Printed  by  JOHN  EDWARD  FRANCIS, 
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NOTES    AND    QUEEIES: 

§,  ghVtum  jof  Jnimomnuuucation 


FOR 


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"  When  found,  make  a  note  of." — CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


No.  76. 


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NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      uo<"  s.  in.  JUNE  10, 1905. 

THE    BOOK    OF    THE    SEASON. 


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W.  L.  ALDEN. 

F.  ANSTEY. 
DUKE  of  ARGYLL. 

G.  B.  BURGIN. 

Lieut.-CoL  NEWNHAM-DAVIS. 
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G.  L.  GRAVES. 
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E.  V.  LUCAS. 

H.  W.  LUCY. 

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10*  B.  iii.  JCXE  Hugos.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


441 


LONDON,  SATl'KDAY,  JUNE  10,  1905. 


C  0  N  T  E  N  T  S.-No.  76. 

NOTES  : -William  Shelley,  441  —  Convention  of  Royal 
Burghs  of  Scotland,  443  —  French  Words  of  Uncertain 
Origin,  445— Hoyal  Oak  Day,  447 -Early  Italian— Halley 
Surname— H.  Alworth  Merewether— "  SouwarrowNut"— 
Sir  Jonathan  Trelawny— Johnsoniana— Pickwick,  c.  1280  — 
King's  'Classical  and  Foreign  Quotations,'  447— Statues 
in  London,  448. 

QUERIES -.—"Persona  grata"— The  Flag  — Stutt  Family 
— Human  Sacrifices:  Ghosts  —  House  of  Lor<s,  1625-HO 
—  Griffith  and  Cre  Fydrt  —  La  Scala,  448  —  "  Yt-alls"  : 
"  Brewetts  "—Academy  of  the  Muses— Love  Ales— Burial- 
places  of  Celebrities— "There  shall  no  tempests  Mow  "— 
Indian  Kings,  449— Long  Bredy,  D.irset— St.  Pa'.rick  — 
Jack  and  Jill— Horse-racing  in  Scotland— Norden's  '  Spe- 
culum Britannia;'— Medieval  Seal,  450— Sir  It.  Fanshawe, 
451. 

BKPLIES  :-The  Egyptian  Hall,  451— Norfolk  Folk-songs- 
Bonaparte  in  Kngland—  Owen  Brigstooke,  452— Southwotd 
Church  — "England,"  "  English"— Dickensian  London, 
453  —  Cromer  Street  —  "  Tandem  "  —  Turvile  —  Ninths- 
London  Cemeteries,  451  — "  A  shoulder  of  mutton,"  &c. — 
Baptist  Confession  of  Faith  —  Wace  on  the  Battle  of 
Hastings,  455— Swedish  Royal  Family—  Ntlsoii  Column, 
456— Thettre,  Parkgate,  457. 

NOTES  O.V  BOOKS  -.-Hakluyfs  'Navigations'  and  '  Hak- 
luvtus  Posthumus'— Cambridge  Grace-Book  B— Crisp's 
•Visitation  of  Ireland '—'The  Bernards  of  Abington'— 
'The  Burlington  Magazine'— Reviews  and  Magazines. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


WILLIAM  SHELLEY. 

WILLIAM  SHELLEY,  of  Michelgrove,  Clap- 
'ham,  Sussex  (son  of  John  Shelley,  Esq.,  and 

frandson  of  the  Sir  William  Shelley  whose 
iography  is  given  in  the  'D.N.B.,'  Hi.  41), 
appears  to  have  been  born  on  14  September, 
1538  (Sussex  Record  Soc.,  iii.  8). 

At  the  age  of  twelve  he  succeeded  his  father 
in  1550  (Dallaway  and  Cartwright's  'Sussex,' 
ii.  ii.  77),  and  Sir  Anthony  Cook  was  ap- 
pointed his  guardian  (Strype,  'M.,'  ii.  ii.  246). 
The  Thomas  Shelley  who  entered  Winchester 
College  in  1555,  aged  twelve,  from  Michel- 
grove,  must  have  been  his  brother,  though 
the  genealogies  do  not  mention  him  (cf.  9th  S. 
xii.  426). 

William  Shelley's  first  wife  was  Mary  (not, 
as  Berry,  in  his  '  Sussex  Genealogies,'  p.  62, 
says,  Margaret),  one  of  the  daughters  of 
'Thomas  Wriothesley,  Earl  of  Southampton. 
Machyn,  in  his  'Diary,'  under  the  year  1561, 
thus  refers  to  her  funeral : — 

"  The  xiii  day  of  December  was  bered  at  Sant 
Katharyns— chryst  chyrche  my  lade  Lyster,  sum- 
tyme  wyff  of  master  Shelley  of  Sussex,  and  the 
dowther  of  the  erle  of  Southampton  late  lord 
chanseler  of  Engeland, — Wresseley,  with  a  harord 
of  armes  and  a  ii  dosen  skochyons  of  armes." 

What  this  certainly  seems  to    imply — viz, 


that  William  Shelley  was  her  first  husband, 
and  that  she  subsequently  married  llichard 
Lyster,  son  of  Sir  Michael  Lyster,  and  grand- 
son of  the  Lord  Chief  Justice  of  the  King's 
Bench  —  is  definitely  asserted  in  Banks's 
'  Extinct  Baronage  of  England  '  (iii.  672)  and 
'D.N.B.'  (Ixiii.  152).  However,  she  bore 
Richard  Lyster  a  son  in  1556  (Berry's  '  Hants 
Genealogies,'  p.  240),  and  so,  on  the  above 
theory,  must  have(l)  been  married  to  William 
Shelley,  and  (2)  had  her  marriage  annulled, 
and  (3)  remarried  before  William  Shelley  was 
eighteen,  which  seems  improbable.  Can  we 
hold,  as  Machyn's  editor  apparently  does, 
that  William  Shelley  was  not  her  first,  but 
her  second  husband  ? 

William  Shelley's  second  wife  (who  is  quite 
ignored  in  Dallaway  and  Cartwright,  and 
whose  surname  is  not  given  in  Berry)  was 
Jane,  born  in  1544,  only  daughter  and  heiress 
of  John  Lingen,  Esq.,  M.P.,  by  Isabella  or 
Sibyl  Breynton,  his  wife.  John  Lingen, 
who  died  on  3  May,  1554,  and  was  buried  in 
St.  Dunstan's-in-the-West,  was  the  owner  of 
extensive  properties  at  Sutton,  Stoke  Edith, 
Kenchester,  Crederihill,  and  other  places  in 
Herefordshire,  as  well  as  of  lands  in  Shrop- 
shire (see  Duncumb  and  Cooke's  '  Here- 
fordshire,' iv.  52;  'Collectanea  Topogr.  et 
Genealog ,'  iv.  109-10 ;  Burke's  '  Landed 
Gentry,'  1900,  p.  222;  'S.P.  Dom.  Eliz.,1- 
cxlviii.  39,  civ.  59). 

In  1564  William  Shelley  was  one  of  the 
Justices  of  Peace  notified  by  the  Bishop  to 
the  Privy  Council  as  being  "myslykers  of 
religion  and  godlye  procedinges  "  ('  Camden 
Miscellany,'  ix.).  Subsequently,  when  the 
Sheriff  and  Justices  of  Sussex  assembled  at 
Steyning,  in  December,  1569,  to  subscribe  the 
order  of  the  Privy  Council  for  the  uniformity 
of  public  worship,  he  was  absent  ('  S.P.  Dom. 
Eliz.,'  Ix.  18) ;  and  again  on  5  March,  1576, 
his  name  was  sent  up  to  the  Privy  Council 
as  of  one  suspected  of  recusancy  (Strype, 
'Ann.,'  ii.  ii.  22),  and  he  was  at  the  same 
time  cited  to  appear  before  the  Bishop. 

On  11  August,  1580,  he  appeared  before  the 
Clerk  of  the  Privy  Council  in  accordance  with 
some  previous  judgment  ('P.C.A.,'  N.S.,  xii. 
150),  and  two  days  later  was  committed  to  the 
Fleet  for  his  religion  (ibid.,  152).  He  was 
released  on  bail,  possibly  in  response  to  his 
wife's  petition  to  the  Council  ('S  P.  Dom. 
Eliz.,'  cxlviii.  39),  on  26  June,  1581,  being 
bound  to  return  by  20  August  following 
('P.C.A.,'  N.S.,  xiii.  105),  and  was  again 
released  on  bail  for  a  month  on  1  November, 
1581,  in  order  to  visit  his  wife,  who  was 
lying  ill  at  Sutton  (ibid.,  252).  Apart 
from  her  illness  he  must  have  had  much 


442 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io««  s.  m.  JUNE  10, 19Q& 


to  do  in  the  way  of  setting  his  house  in 
order,  for,  from  the  moment  of  his  com- 
mittal to  the  Fleet,  his  servants  had  caused 
his  wife  great  trouble,  afterwards  (in  1582) 
going  so  far  as  to  eject  her  from  her  house  at 
Sutton  ('S.P.  Dora.  Eliz.,'  cxlviii.  39,  civ.  59). 
On  his  arrival  there  he  found  his  wife's 
mother  on  her  death-bed,  and  on  27  November 
obtained  an  extension  of  leave  to  the  follow- 
ing 15  January  ('P.C.A.,'  N.S.,  xiii.  262).  The 
opportunity  for  following  his  religion  was 
too  good  a  one  to  be  lost,  and  he  therefore 
made  "  great  preparation  for  the  keeping  of 
a  solemne  and  extraordinary  Christmas,  a 
thing,"  as  the  Lords  of  the  Council  thought, 
"  very  inconvenient  for  him."  In  consequence, 
steps  were  taken  to  have  him  summoned  back 
to  the  Fleet  by  St.  Stephen's  Day,  should  it 
be  necessary  (ibid.,  286-8).  Whether  it  was 
necessary  does  not  appear.  The  next  we  hear 
of  him  is  that  he  was  again  released,  this 
time  on  his  own  bond,  on  24  February,  1581/2, 
to  watch  certain  lawsuits  respecting  his 
Sussex  and  Surrey  properties,  and  was 
ordered  to  return  by  7  April,  1582,  which  lie 
did  (ibid.,  331,  384).  Before  24  August,  1582, 
he  had  been  transferred  from  the  Fleet  to  the 
Marshalsea,  and  Mass  was  being  celebrated 
in  his  chambers  there  ('S.P.  Dom.  Eliz.,'  civ. 
27).  Nevertheless,  he  must  again  have  had  a 
temporary  release  in  the  autumn  of  1583,  for 
on  the  night  of  16  September,  1583,  he  met 
Charles  Paget  in  Patching  Copse,  and  plotted 
with  him  for  an  invasion  of  England,  the 
liberation  of  Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  and  the 
return  of  the  nation  to  the  Catholic  faith 
(Baga  de  Secretis,  Pouch  47,  in  '  Fourth  Rep.  of 
the  Deputy-Keeper  Pub.  llec.,'  App.  ii.  274-5  ; 
cf.  also  '  S.P.  Dom.  Add.  Eliz.,'  xxix.  39).  In- 
quiries being  made  as  to  the  means  whereby 
Lord  Paget  and  Charles  Paget  had  escaped 
again  beyond  the  sea,  William  Shelley's  name 
began  to  be  mentioned  ('S.P.  Dom.  Eliz.,' 
clxiv.  23,  30).  He  was  therefore  arrested  on 
suspicion  of  treason,  and  on  18  January, 
1583/4,  committed  to  the  Tower.  On  12  Feb- 
ruary he  was  indicted  before  Sir  Christopher 
Hatton  and  others  at  Westminster,  and 
pleaded  guilty.  It  is  probable  that  he  also 
made  some  confessions  on  the  rack  ('  S.P.  Dom. 
Eliz.,'  clxviii.  14).  He  was  sentenced  to  be 
hanged,  drawn,  and  quartered  at  Tyburn. 
His  attainder  was  subsequently  confirmed 
by  statute  29  Eliz.,  c.  1,  "An  Acte  for  the 
Confirmacion  of  the  Attainders  of  Thomas, 
late  Lorde  Pagett,  and  others."  But  the  sen- 
tence of  death  was,  it  seems,  remitted. 

He  was  sent  back  to  the  Tower,  where  we 
find  him  mentioned  as  being  in  'S.P.  Dom. 
Eliz.,'  clxxviii.  11,  74,  clxxix.  35,  clxxxii.  16, 


27.  He  was  still  there,  apparently,  in  1588, 
when,  to  his  great  discredit,  he  gave  evidence 
against  the  Earl  of  Arundel  (Strype,  'Ann.,* 
iii.  ii.  79).  One  result  of  his  attainder  was 
that  all  his  property  was  forfeited,  and  this 
included  his  estate  jure  uxoris  in  the  Here- 
fordshire and  Shropshire  freeholds  (compare 
'S.P.  Dom.  Eliz.,'  ccxxxii.  67).  However, 
Mrs.  Shelley  must  have  possessed  some  in- 
fluence at  Court,  for  on  20  June,  1586,  a 
warrant  was  issued  to  the  lleceiver-General 
of  Herefordshire  and  Salop  to  pay  annually 
to  Jane  Shelldie,  wife  of  William  Shelldie, 
Esq.,  late  attainted  of  high  treason,  the 
sura  of  200/.  out  of  the  rents,  &c.,  the  said 
William  held  in  right  of  his  wife,  and  to 
assign  her  one  of  the  houses  to  inhabit  in 
during  pleasure;  also  to  allow  the  said 
William  such  sums  as  are  accustomed  to  be 
paid  for  prisoners  in  the  Tower,  and  the 
yearly  sum  of  50/.  for  apparel,  &c.  ('Cal. 
Cecil  MSS.,'  iii.  146).  This  annuity 
seems  to  have  been  paid  to  Jane  Shelley 
down  to  her  husband's  death,  though  she 
complains  that  she  sometimes  had  great 
difficulty  in  getting  it  ('Cal.  Cecil  MSS./ 
iv.  433). 

It  was  probably  some  time  after  this  war- 
rant that  Mrs.  Shelley  was  convicted  of  har- 
bouring a  priest,  and,  as  Cooke  relates 
('Herefordshire,'  iv.  52),  was  lodged  in  the- 
common  gaol  of  Worcester,  from  which,  it 
appears,  she  was  liberated  at  last  on  paying 
a  fine.  Thereupon  she  went  to  London,  ana 
probably  lodged  in  Holborn.  There  she  con- 
sulted a  cunning  man  named  Shepton  con- 
cerning certain  things  she  had  lost,  and  an 
astrologer  named  John  Alfry  about  the  likeli- 
hood of  the  execution,  natural  death,  or  escape 
of  her  husband,  to  whom  she  attributed  all 
her  troubles,  and  who  at  the  time  was  appa*- 
rently  dosing  himself  to  death  with  too  much 
physic.  On  three  occasions  she  went  to  Cam- 
bridge to  consult  John  Fletcher,  Fellow  of 
Gonville  and  Caius  College,  on  these  and 
similar  points  ('S.P.  Dom.  Eliz.,'  ccxliv.  42). 

This  not  altogether  blameless  superstition 
on  the  part  of  Mrs.  Shelley  was  twisted  by 
her  enemies  into  an  accusation  that  she  had 
sought  by  witchcraft  to  discover  the  date  of 
the  queen's  death.  She  was  accordingly 
thrown  into  the  Fleet  Prison  in  January,, 
1592/3.  There  she  was  subjected  to  extortion 
on  the  part  of  the  warden,  and  to  disgraceful 
treachery  on  the  part  of  a  young  man  named 
Benjamin  Beard,  who  (apparently  on  the  pre- 
text that  his  mother's  brother,  Benjamin 
Tichborne,  afterwards  first  baronet  of  that 
name,  had  married  a  Shelley  of  Mapledurham, 
who  was  probably  a  first  cousin  of  William- 


io<»s.iii.Ju>-Kio,i905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


443' 


Shelley)  claimed  cousinship  with  the  Michel- 
grove  branch. 

It  was,  however,  owing  to  his  influence 
with  the  Government  that,  in  order  to  throw 
dust  into  the  eyes  of  the  Catholic  prisoners, 
Mrs.  Shelley  was,  on  4  November,  1593, 
liberated  from  strict  confinement  and  given 
the  liberty  of  the  Fleet  (see  'S.P.  Dora.  Eliz.,' 
ccxlviii.  43,  47,  71,  83;  'Cal.  Cecil  MSS.,' 
iv.  407,  413).  She  was  probably  released  on 
bail  some  time  in  1594,  and  thereafter  resided 
in  London. 

At  some  period  unknown  William  Shelley 
was  transferred  from  the  Tower  to  the  Gate- 
house Prison.  Westminster,  whence,  on 
19  August,  159G,  he  was  liberated  for  the 
sake  of  his  health,  and  committed  to  the 
custody  of  Sir  John  Carrell,  Knt.,  of  Warn- 
ford  — Sir  John  Hungerford,  Knt.,  and  Henry 
Guildford,  Esq.,  being  his  sureties  ('P.C.A.,' 
N.S.,  xx vi.  122).  Whether  Sir  John  Carrell 
was  a  relative  or  not  1  cannot  say,  but  as  he 
was  in  1604  one  of  the  trustees  for  William 
Shelley's  heir,  I  think  it  probable.  Of  the 
sureties,  Sir  John  Hungerford  was  the  son 
and  heir  of  Anthony  (not  John,  as  Berry  calls 
him)  Hungerford,  Esq.,  of  Down  Ampney, 
Gloucestershire,  by  Bridget  his  wife,  William 
Shelley's  sister  (see  'Collectanea  Topogr.  et 
Genealog,'  v.  28;  and  compare  'S.P.  Dora. 
Eliz.,'  ccxli.  47;  'P.C.A.,'  N.S.,  xxiv.  474, 
xxvi.  484) ;  and  Henry  Guildford  was 
probably  also  a  nephew,  and  son  of  William 
Shelley's  sister  Elizabeth  by  her  marriage 
•with  the  person  whom  Berry  calls  Thomas 
Guildford,  but  who  was  probably  Richard 
(see  'S.P.  Dom.  Eliz.,'  clxxxii.  16). 

William  Shelley  did  not  long  survive  his 
liberation.  He  died  on  15  April,  1597,  and 
was  buried  in  St.  Dunstan's-in-the- West,  near 
his  father-in-law  John  Lingen. 

On  the  payment  of  1,000^.  to  Lord  Effing- 
ham,  and  10,000^.  to  the  Exchequer,  William 
Shelley's  lands  were  conveyed  to  Sir  John 
Carrell,  Sir  Henry  Guildford,  and  others  on 
behalf  of  the  heir,  then  aged  eighteen  ('  S.P. 
Dom.  James  I.,'  viii.  52).  This  was  John 
Shelley,  a  recusant  ('  S.P.  Dom.  James  I.,' 
xxvii.  32,  Iv.  51),  who,  though  made  a  baronet 
on  22  May,  1611  (G.  E.  C.'s  'Baronetage,' 
i.  25),  remained  a  recusant  ('S.P.  Dom. 
James  I.,'  Ixviii.  62). 

All  the  genealogies  (i.e.,  G.  E.  C.,  Berry, 
and  Cartwright)  say  he  was  the  son  of 
William  Shelley's  brother  John  ;  but  in  'S.P. 
Dom.  James  I.,'  viii.  99,  'S.P.  Dom.  Add. 
James  I.,'  xxxvi.  36,  and  '  D.N.B.,'  Hi.  42,  he 
is  said  to  be  William  Shelley's  son.  That  the 
former  authorities  are  correct  is  shown  by 
the  devolution  of  Mrs.  Shelley's  property. 


On  her  husband's  death  she  took  steps  to. 
recover  her  inherited  lands,  and  King  James- 
restored  to  her  her  jointure  lands,  dispensing; 
her  from  taking  the  oath  required  by  law. 
These  included  Stondon  Place,  Essex,  from 
which,  however,  she  was  excluded  by  a. 
grantee  of  the  late  queen,  one  William  Bird 
('S.P.  Dom.  Add.  James  I.,' xxxvi.  5  ;  '  S.P,. 
Dom.  James  I.,'  xxxvii.  36).  She  did,  how- 
ever, recover  enough  to  bring  her  in  3,0001.  a. 
year  (ibid.,  Ixv.  45). 

She  does  not  appear  to  have  ever  again, 
resided  in  Herefordshire,  though  she  was  not 
unmindful  of  her  tenants  there,  and  in  her 
will  gave  various  charitable  bequests  men- 
tioned by  Cooke  (loc.  cit.),  and  also  founded! 
an  almshouse  in  Hereford  itself.  She  was. 
also,  as  Cooke  shows,  very  kind  to  her  poor 
relations,  and  was  credited  with  not  forgetting, 
her  religion,  being  said  to  have  demised  land* 
in  Shropshire  to  support  Jesuit  colleges- 
('S.P.  Dom.  James  I.,'  Ixv.  45).  In  1606  she- 
was  paying  260£.  a  year  as  a  fine  for  her 
recusancy  ('S.P.  Dom.  Add.  James  I.,'  xxxviii. 
75).  She  died  in  March,  1609/10,  and  was- 
buried  on  the  llth  of  that  month  in  St.  Dun- 
stan's-in-the-West,  near  her  husband  and  her 
father  ('Collect.  Topogr.  et  Genealog.,'  iv.. 
110). 

It  seems  quite  clear  that  she  was  childless, 
for  her  estates  in  Herefordshire  and  Shrop- 
shire descended  to  her  cousin  Edward  Lingen, 
son  and  heir  of  her  father's  brother  William, 
and  nephew  of  the  Catholic  martyr  John. 
Ingram.  The  said  Edward  Lingen  had  been 
attainted  of  treason  in  1594  (cf.  'S.P.  Dom. 
Eliz.j'ccxlvii.  21,  78  ;  ccxlix.  1),  but  reprieved,., 
and  eventually  pardoned  on  4  May,  1604 
('S.P.  Dom.  James  I.,'  viii.  10),  though  he- 
remained  a  recusant(^'<£,  liii.  Ill,  liv.  ll,lxiii. 
78). 

In  1624,  after  he  had  been  for  a  long  time  a. 
prisoner  in  "  the  Porter's  Lodge  Prison,"  he 
was  discovered  to  be  a  lunatic  and  committed 
to  the  charge  of  Sir  John  Scudamore,  Bart. 
('Hist.  MSS.  Comm.  Thirteenth  Ilep./iv.  271). 
He  was  succeeded  by  his  son,  the  famous- 
Royalist  Sir  Henry  Lingen. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 


THE  CONVENTION  OF   KOYAL  BURGHS 
OF  SCOTLAND. 
(See  ante,  p.  401.) 

SOME  150  years  later,  in  the  City  of  Edin- 
burgh, there  was  considerable  dissatisfaction 
among  the  trades  against  the  administrators 
'  of  the  city's  affairs.  They  managed  to  pro- 
cure an  Act  of  Council  in  1703  applying  to. 
the  Convention  of  Eoyal  Burghs 


444 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [10*  s.  m.  JUNE  10, 1905. 


'"for  their  authority  to  abolish  the  sending  up  of 
.Acts  to  the  Council,  and  to  give  the  Trades  an 
uncontrouled  power  of  choosing  their  deacons." 

.An  interdict  in  the  Court  of  Session  was 

•  applied  for  by  certain    other    members    to 
restrain    the   enforcement    of    the    Act    of 

•Council,  as 

"  it  was  not  in  the  power  of  the  Town  Council  to 
make  any  regulation  for  altering  the  constitution 

•  of  the  City  ;  nor,  indeed,  in  the  power  of  any  but 
the  Legislature." 

They  were  successful  in  their  application,  and 

the  matter  lapsed. 

Fifteen  years  later  the  question  again  came 
'to  the  front.  Letters  urging  reform  appeared 
nn  the  press  of  Edinburgh  and  Aberdeen,  the 

object  being  to  bring  about 

"  an  alteration  of  the  right  of  election  of  the  repre- 
sentatives in  Parliament  for  the  Royal  Burghs,  and 
the  nature  of  reform  proposed  was  that  the  right  of 
•election  should  be  taken  from  the  corporations 
•of  the  several  towns  and  diffused  among  the  in- 

•  habitants." 

One  writer,  who  signed  his  productions 
"  Zeno,"  attracted  particular  attention. 
Addressing  the  citizens  of  Edinburgh,  he 
wrote  as  follows  : — 

"The  time  is  now  arrived  when  you  have  an 
•opportunity  to  assert  your  claim  to  freedom,  and 
shake  off  these  restraints  to  which  our  fathers  have 
been  long  subjected.  To  appoint  their  own  legis- 
lators is  the  discriminating  mark  of  a  free  people : 
to  have  them  appointed  by  others  is  the  charac- 
teristic of  servitude.  Why  should  one  part  of  a 
nation  possess  this  discriminating  mark,  and  the 
other  be  excluded  from  the  same  privilege?" 

As  the  outcome  of  the  agitation,  a  meeting 

•  of  delegates  for  reform  was  held  in  Edinburgh 
in   March,    1784.     Representatives  appeared 
from  thirty-three  of  the  Royal  Burghs,  this 
number  afterwards  being  increased  to  fifty- 

•four.  A  committee  was  formed,  and  a 
-declaration  of  grievances  drawn  up,  which 
was  considered  at  a  meeting  in  April  of 
the  following  year.  No  stone  was  left 
'unturned  to  make  their  case  effective,  with 
the  result  that  the  reformers  were  able  in  the 
end  of  1785  to  adopt  measures  for  introducing 
into  Parliament  the  Bill  which  had  been  pre- 
pared. They  continued  to  collect  as  much 

•  evidence  as  possible,  procuring  "  setts  "  of  the 
Royal  Burghs,  and  a  vast  amount  of  historical 
evidence. 

Meanwhile  the  Convention  had  not  been 
idle.  The  subject  had  been  frequently  in- 
troduced by  magistrates  and  town  councils, 
as  it  was  seen  that  the  stability  of  their 
structure  was  in  danger.  On  3  March,  1787, 
Lord  Provost  Grieve  as  Preses  issued  a  letter 
to  all  the  individual  town  councils,  claiming 
for  the  Convention 


"  the  ultimate  superintendence  of  their  public 
accounts,  which  was  now  proposed  to  be  placed  in 
the  Exchequer,  and  directing  them  to  solicit  their 
respective  representatives  in  Parliament  to  oppose 
the  introduction  of  the  Bill." 

A  most  elaborate  case  was  prepared  by  the 
Convention,  containing  objections  to  the 
proposed  reform  Bill.  After  referring  to 
some  of  the  letters  which  had  appeared,  and 
which  are  quoted  above,  those  who  were 
advocating  the  cause  of  the  Convention 
state  : — 

"  Men  whose  minds  were  heated  by  such  high- 
flying theories,  are  not  to  stop  at  any  one  given 
point :  every  part  of  the  Constitution  must  to  them 
appear  distorted." 

"  The  principle  of  the  Bill,  though  it  may  be 
true  in  pure  speculation,  is  untrue  or  impossible  in 
practice.  Were  it  granted,  that  men  had  an  equal 
right  in  the  appointment  of  their  legislators,  it  does 
not  follow  that  they  have  the  same  right  in  the 
nomination  of  ministerial  or  executive  officers;  and 
no  claims  upon  general  principles  of  that  nature 
ought  upon  any  account  to  be  admitted.  They 
lead,  by  unerring  consequences,  to  universal  anarchy 
and  disorder." 

From  these  quotations  it  will  be  seen  that 
a  good  deal  of  feeling  was  imported  into  the 
quarrel.  Sheridan  was  in  charge  of  the 
promoters'  Bill,  and  after  many  delays  he 
was  able  to  introduce  it  on  17  June,  1788. 
It  was  read  a  first  time,  and  ordered  to  be 
printed.  By  now  the  reformers  had  an  idea 
of  the  opposition  to  be  offered  by  the  Con- 
vention, and  steps  were  taken  to  combat  the 
evidence  put  forward  on  its  behalf.  A  great 
want  of  tact  seems  to  have  been  shown  by 
the  officials  of  the  Convention.  Instead  of 
conciliation,  irritation  seerns  to  have  been 
the  watchword.  Lord  Provost  Grieve,  in 
September  of  that  year,  issued  a  circular 
letter  to  the  town  councils,  "requiring  them 
to  make  a  scrutiny  into  the  names  of  persons 
affixed  to  the  various  petitions."  This 
action,  as  can  be  easily  imagined,  provoked 
considerable  offence  ;  but  there  is  this  much 
to  be  said,  the  magistracy  in  most  cases 
discountenanced  the  order.  Still,  the  sting 
was  there,  and  the  friction  produced  did  not 
tend  to  heal  wounded  susceptibilities. 

The  second  reading  of  the  Bill  was  moved 
by  Sheridan  on  6  July,  1789,  but  it  was  met 
by  an  amendment  that 

"  Mr.  Sheridan  should  have  moved  for  a  previous 
committee  of  inquiry,  and  proved  the  grievances 
and  necessity  for  reform,  before  he  brought  in  his 
Bill." 

It  was  a  case  of  beginning  de  novo  ;  but  as 
the  parliamentary  session  was  near  its  close, 
nothing  further  was  done.  At  a  meeting 
held  in  August  of  the  same  year  in  Edin- 
burgh, fifty-two  of  the  sixty-six  Royal  Burghs 


io*s.  in.  JI-XE  jo.  lore.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


445 


sent  delegates.  This  fact  shows  that  the 
question  was  assuming  considerable  import- 
ance. A  succession  of  delays  followed.  On 
one  pretext  or  another,  the  attempts  to  bring 
the  question  before  Parliament  met  with 
comparative  failure  on  account  of  technical 
objections  ;  but  the  reformers  never  wavered 
in  their  intentions. 

On  25  March,  1793,  once  again  Sheridan 
espoused  the  cause  of  the  promoters  of  the 
Bill.  He  had  previously  given  notice  that  he 
would  move 

"  That  the  several  petitions  presented  to  this 
House  in  this  session  of  Parliament  from  the  Royal 
Burghs  of  Scotland,  together  with  the  several 
accounts  and  papers  relating  to  the  internal  govern- 
ment of  the  Royal  Burghs  which  were  presented 
to  this  House  in  the  last  Parliament,  should  be 
referred  to  the  consideration  of  a  committee,  to 
examine  the  matter  thereof,  and  to  report  the  same 
as  it  shall  appear  to  them  to  the  House." 

This  was  agreed  to,  and  a  committee  of 
twenty -eight  members  was  chosen  from  each 
side  of  the  House.  On  17  June  the  report 
was  presented,  and  ordered  to  be  printed  ; 
but,  to  quote  from  an  account  of  the 
proceedings, 

"in  this  stage  of  the  business  the  state  of  agitation 
into  which  the  public  mind  had  been  thrown  by 
the  recent  atrocities  of  the  French  Revolution 
operated  as  a  complete  barrier  against  any  con- 
cessions being  granted,  and  this  opinion  being 
generally  acquiesced  in,  nothing  further  was 
attempted  at  the  time." 

With  recent  years  the  electorate  has  been 
materially  widened.  Representatives  now 
attend  from  what  are  termed  Police  Burgh 
and  also  Parliamentary  Burghs.  Scottish 
measures  of  considerable  importance  have 
been  matured  by  discussions  at  theConvention 
before  being  brought  forward  in  Parliament 
Its  sphere  of  usefulness  is  recognized,  anc 
the  subjects  considered  are  just  as  wide  anc 
varied  as  in  the  earlier  times. 

J.  LINDSAY  HILSON. 

Public  Library,  Jedburgh. 


FRENCH  WORDS  OF  UNCERTAIN  ORIGIN 
(See  ante,  p.  222.) 

I  CONTINUE  my  short  notes  on  some  word 
in  Brachet's  '  Dictionnaire  Etymologique ' : — 

Gadoue,  gadalis,   from  Germ.   gata  =  gasse 
street  sweepings. 

Gaillard  (Celtic) :  cf.  Welsh  gall,  O.  Irisl 
gal,  bravery. 

Galet,  O.Fr.  gal,  a  flat  stone  ;  hence  a  fla 
cake. 

Galetas,  according  to  Littre  from  "Galata, 
a  high  tower  in  Constantinople. 

Galimatias,  gallm  Matthias,  for  Matthiae 
cf.  Ivor  ting,  s.v. 


Galonner,  O.H.G.  geili,  pomp. 
Galvauder,     gal,    pejorative    prefix,    vale- 
icere  ? 
Garance,     verantia    (so    Diez,     593) ;    cf. 


Gargote,  gurgitem,hom  root  garg,  onomato- 
ceic  for  swallowing. 

Garrote,  crossbar,  Celtic  gar,  pi.  garrowy. 
he  leg. 

Gibet,  O.Fr.  gibet,  a  large  stick  ;  perhaps- 
rom  *capico,  to  hawk,  from  the  perch  on 
vhich  hawks  were  carried.  See  Korting,  s.v.. 
apico. 

Gibier,  from  *capico,  ut  sujwa. 

Givre,  *gelivitrum,  smooth  ice. 

Goberge'r,  gober,  Kelt,  gob,  the  mouth. 

Goder,  godailler,  Celtic  root  got,  unchaste. 

Gogue,  Celtic  (Breton  goge\  trickery. 

Gosier,  geusice  (<.  f  Celtic  origin),  the- 
throat. 

Goudron,  through  the  Italian  catrame  from 
Arabic  al-qa-trdn. 

Goujat,  Hebrew  goj,  people  ;  \iddish  goje  ; 
cf.  Fr.  gouge. 

Gourmet;  Celtic  (Bret,  chadenn,  a  curb),  t< 


Gribouilhr,  to  scrawl,  M.H.G.  griewel,  to- 
shake  1 

Grigou,  English  grin  (?)•  **»«*  may  be  a, 
:orruption  of  "Greek";  see  Skeat,  s.v.  grig. 

Gruger,  N.  German  gruizen,  to  crush. 

Grume,  Lat.  grumus,  Ital.  r/jwno. 

Guigner,  O.  German  Hnan,  to  distort  the- 
mouth. 

Guimbarde,  a  long  four-wheeled  conveyance- 
for  carrying  luggage,  &c.  May  not  this  pe- 
connected  with  gimbals,  in  the  sense  ot  the- 
springs  which  keep  the  equipoise  1 

Haricot,  probably  from  Italian  caraco  : 
"fleur  du  haricot  de  1'Amerique,"  Strambio 
and  Tassi. 

Haridelle,  probably  from  O.G.  herde,  herd, 
flock  :  the  word  was  actually  once  used  la 
this  sense  ;  see  Korting,  s.v.  herde. 

Haro,  O.  German  haro,  hero  .  hither  . 

Jabot,  gibbus,  KV<£OS,  a  protuberance. 

Jade,  Sp.  ijada,  the  flank  ;^  the  jade  stone 
was  a  cure  for  pleurisy  ;  see  Skeat,  s.i . 

Jale,  calathus. 

Jaquemart,  according  to  Littre,  comes  pro- 
bably from  a  proper  name  Jacques  with  a* 
popular  suflix. 

Jargon,  root  garg,  whence  gurges  and  ItaU 
gergo. 

Jauger,  perhaps  from  jale. 

Javart,  captdus,  a  handful;  see  Kortingy 
s.v.  capella. 

Javelot,  Celtic,  connected  with  gaf,  Ir. 
gabhlan,  fork  of  a  tree  ;  see  Skeat,  s.  v. 


446 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [io«- s.  in.  JUNE  10, 1005. 


Jucher,  O.G.  hukken,  hocken,  to  mount  on 
-another's  back. 

Laie  (path) :  cf.  our  expression  "  on  that 
•lay."  Probably  from  an  Old  German  root 
'laido,  our  ';lead." 

Lambeau,  *delabido :  cf.  de-labrer;  cf. 
Korting,  s.v. 

Lajrin,  Germ,   lappa.   "  Tier  mit  lappigen 

/"\1  J)  X    1       O 

Ohren.' 
Liais,  Breton  leach,  a  stone ;  cf.  Skeat,  s.v. 


Lige,    O.H.G.    ledic,    free,    influenced    by 
ligatus  ;  see  Skeat. 

Lopin,  lobus  (Ao/3os). 

Loure,  perhaps  from  lura,  a  leather  skin  or 
•sack. 

Luron,   Germ,   luder,    "liederliche   Weibs- 
person." 

Lutin,   neptunus,   nuiton  (spirit  of  night), 
properly  watersprite. 

Mdchefer,  Scand.  maska,  to  mix. 

Machicoulis,  machoire,  macheliere,  and  cou- 
lisse, door  that  slides  and  closes  like  the  jaws? 

Macreuse,  Flemish  meyrkoet,  meer-coot  ? 

Mayot,  O.H.G.  mayo,  'belly,  hence  store  ? 

MaquerexUfFlem.  makelaar,  G.  Makler. 

Marmot,  minimus,  O.Fr.  merme,  small. 

Marmotter,  murmurare . 

Matelot,  Flem.  maat  r/enot,  messmate. 

Matou,  Matthieu;  cf.  marou  from  Marulphus. 

Matras,  O.Fr.  matrasser,  to  press,  from  Celtic 
•miatara,  a  weapon  ;  see,  however,  Skeat,  s.v. 

Mauvais,  male  elevatus. 

Meleze,  mel  and  leze  (laricem),  honey-larch. 

Mince,  minutidus. 

Minet,  Celtic  root  min,  small. 

Mirliflore,  probably  "  mirabilem  florem.:> 

Mitonner,  mitaine,  to  stroke  with  a  glove, 
humour. 

Moifjnon,  O.Fr.  moiny,  mundio,  bo  clean  off. 

Moraille,  mululus  ;  see  Korting,  s.v. 

Morgue,  O.  German  mork,  Eng.  mirk,  dark- 
Jiess  ;  lience  a  "scowl." 

Motte,  German  mott. 

Mu/fe,  German  moffel. 

Nabot,  O.  German  nabbi,  a  dwarf. 

Niyaud,  nidicus,  hawk  taken  from  the  nest; 
'cf.niais.  H.  A.  STRONG. 

The  University,  Liverpool. 

(To  be  continued.) 


HOYAL  OAK  DAY.— There  is  probably  little 
•to  say  that  is  new  about  this  day— 29  May— 
xjommemorative  of  the  hours  which  King 
Charles  II.  spent  in  the  oak  near  Boscobel 
after  the  defeat  of  his  troops  at  Worcester. 
But  it  is  curious  to  make  a  note  of  how  the 
observance  of  this  day  has  changed  within 
the  memory  of  those  who  have  reached  their 
threescore  of  years  and  more,  or  even  less. 


It  is  well  known  that  with  the  Hestoration 
people  reverted  to  the  very  old  custom  of 
decorating  their  houses  with  green  boughs, 
and  making  bowers  in  which  to  sit,  and  to 
some  extent  this  was  the  case  when  I  was  a 
lad  in  Derbyshire  fifty  odd  years  ago.  As 
children  we  kept  "Royal  Oak  Day/' or  " Oak- 
apple  Day,"  by  going  to  the  woods,  and  pulling 
down  branches  of  bright  green  oak,  which 
we  carried  home  to  "  stick  up"  in  the  house, 
and  to  decorate  with  them  our  caps  and  our 
breasts.  Once  or  twice,  I  remember,  this  was 
done  to  the  accompaniment  of  a  blower  on  a 
cow's  horn.  Those  were  considered  fortunate 
who  gathered  a  branch  on  which  was  an 
"oakapple"  —  only  one  could  wear  it,  and 
how  proud  that  one  was  !  The  big  farm  lads 
were  out  early  to  gather  oak,  and  as  they 
could  climb,  none  wore  any  oak  sprig  unless 
it  bore  the  apple.  The  ploughboys,  wag- 
goners, and  road  team  men  one  and  all  wore 
oak  and  decked  their  horses'  heads  with  it  in 
a  profuse  fashion,  but  always,  when  possible, 
using  sprigs  upon  which  were  the  shining 
russet-red  "  apples." 

After  the  oak  had  been  gathered,  brought 
home,  and  used,  the  lads  set  out  again,  and 
took  from  the  nettle  beds  bunches  of  stinging 
nettle,  and,  with  these  in  their  hands,  slashed 
at  the  hands  and  faces  of  all  they  met  who 
were  not  wearing  the  symbol  of  the  day, 
which,  because  of  the  nettle  custom,  was  also 
called  "  Nettle  Day."  On  this  day  there  was 
a  demand  for  "  dock  -  leaves,"  and  those 
children  who  were  suffering  from  nettle 
stings  were  rubbed  with  dock,  to  the  accom- 
paniment of 

Dock  go  in,  nettle  come  out ; 

Nettle  come  out,  dock  go  in, 

until  the  stinging  was  abated.  This  was 
a  ministration  of  justice  tempered  by  mercy, 
though  I  do  not  think  the  lads  had  any 
sentiment  of  that  sort  about  them. 

I  do  not  know  when  the  custom  came  up 
of  throwing  addled  birds'  eggs  at  persons 
who  failed  on  Royal  Oak  Day  to  appear  with 
the  badge;  but  it  was  seldom  done  in  my  time 
as  a  lad,  though  when  older  I  saw  a  good 
deal  of  it  in  other  parts.  The  boys  took  the 
eggs  from  early-laying  birds  and  saved  them 
for  this  purpose,  and  sometimes  they  managed 
to  secure  the  eggs  from  the  nests  of  laying- 
out  hens. 

I  can  remember  seeing  girls  carrying  round 
garlands  of  oak  decked  with  strings  of  birds' 
eggs ;  but  this  was  not  a  common  custom  at 
that  time.  The  eggs  were  not  necessarily  of 
that  season,  but  were  taken  from  the  walls 
of  the  cottage  living  rooms,  where  they  had 
hung  in  festoons  for  years  before  probably. 


s.  in.  JCN-E  10,  loos.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


447 


It  would  be  interesting  to  know  to  what 
extent,  and  in  what  localities,  the  Royal  Oak 
Day  customs  are  still  observed. 

THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 

Worksop. 

Hereabouts  —  and,  maybe,  elsewhere  —  all 
schoolboys  who  do  not  wear  a  sprig  of  oak 
•with  the  apple  thereupon  on  Oakapple  Day 
are  liable  to  be  vigorously  jnnched  by  their 
companions.  This  questionable  attention, 
however,  tradition  does  not  permit  to  be  put 
in  force  after  noonday.  HARKY  HEMS. 

Fair  Park,  Exeter. 

EARLY  ITALIAN.  (See  9th  S.  iii.  7,  231.)— 
It  must  be  just  six  years  since  I  followed 
MR.  KREBS'S  kind  suggestion,  and  consulted 
Dr.  Ernesto  Monad's  '  Crestomazia  Italiana.' 
On  the  cover  of  the  second  fascicolo  (issued 
in  1897)  I  read  :  "  II  fascicolo  iii.  ed  ultimo  di 
questa  Crestomazia  e  in  corso  di  stampa.1' 
The  "corso  di  stampa"  has  apparently  not 
been  a  corsa  ;  and  I  venture  to  hope  that 
before  long  the  grammar  and  glossary  may 
be  issued.  Surely  there  are  some  among  the 
venerable  professor's  pupils  who  will  relieve 
him  of  the  drudgery  of  the  glossary,  and 
help  him  to  complete  the  work  of  which  the 
first  part  was  issued  sixteen  years  ago. 

HOBT.  J.  WHITWELL. 

Oxford. 

HALLEY  SURNAME.— Having  raised  at  9th  S. 
xi.  366  the  question  of  this  British  surname, 
I  may  refer  to  a  reply  by  T.  H.  S.,  printed  in 
Scottish  Xotes  and  Queries,  Second  Series, 
vi.  159  (April,  1905). 

EUGENE  F.  Me  PIKE. 

Chicago.  U.S. 

HENRY  AL  WORTH  MEREWETHER.  —  The 
statement  in  the  'D.X.B.,'  xxxvii.  275,  that 
this  serjeant-at-law,  who  was  Town  Clerk  of 
London  1842-59,  became  a  "King's  Counsel" 
in  1853,  is  not  only  curious,  but  also  incorrect. 
Henry  Al worth  Merewether,  who  became 
Queen's  Counsel  in  1853,  was  the  Serjeant's 
son.  See  '  The  Law  List'  for  1854.  H.  C. 

"SOUWARROW  XUT."— This  corruption  has 
found  its  way  into  several  English  dic- 
tionaries, but  is  not  condemned  or  explained 
in  any  of  them.  It  appears  to  have ! 
originated  with  Dr.  Pinckard,  in  whose  I 
'Notes  on  the  West  Indies,'  1806,  vol.  iii. 
p.  287,  I  find  the  sentence,  "  We  collected 
some  fine  plants  of  the  tonquin  bean,  the 
Souwarrow  nut,  the  wild  orange,  and  a 
species  of  the  medlar."  From  his  use  of  the 
capital  letter  it  is  clear  Dr.  Pinckard  was 
thinking  of  the  great  Russian  general 


Souwarrow,  who  died  in  1800.  What  he 
should  have  written  is  sawarra  nut,  which  is 
a  Carib  term,  well  known  in  Guiana.  In  the 
'  Dictionarium  Galibi,'  a  vocabulary  of  the 
Indian  dialect  published  in  1763,  it  figures  in 
French  orthography  as  "  Saouari,  arbre  ou 
graine  picquante."  The  quasi-Russian  form 
is  a  very  curious  instance  of  popular 
etymology.  JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

SIR  JONATHAN  TRELAWNY,  BART.,  1650 
1721,  Bishop  successively  of  Bristol,  Exeter, 
and  Winchester,  according  to  the  '  Diet,  of 
Xat.  Biog.,'  vol.  Ivii.  p.  182,  was  "Busby 
trustee  of  Westminster  school."  This  is  pure 
nonsense,  as  the  Busby  Trustees  have  no 
duties  connected  with  the  school.  They  are 
always  Old  Westminsters,  and  their  duties 
mainly  consist  in  the  distribution  of  gifts 
of  money  to  the  poor  clergy  in  certain 
counties.  Trelawny  was  elected  a  trustee  of 
the  Busby  charity  28  January,  1719,  in  the 
place  of  George  Smalridge,  Bishop  of  Bristol. 

G.  F.  R.  B. 

JOIINSONIANA.  —  The  following  saying  of 
Dr.  Johnson  on  taking  a  pinch  of  snuff  has 
not,  to  my  knowledge,  at  any  time  appeared 
in  print ;  it  may,  therefore,  interest  readers 
of*N.4Q.':— 

"  Permit  me  to  immerge  the  summits  of  my  digits 
in  your  box  of  pulverized  odoriferous  sweets,  for 
the  purpose  of  producing  a  pleasing  titillation  of 
the  olfactory  nerves." 

I  can  vouch  for  its  authenticity,  for  it  was 
repeated  by  Dr.  Johnson  to  Mrs.  Thrale,  who 
again  repeated  it  to  Sir  James  Fellowes  (her 
literary  executor) ;  he  repeated  it  to  my  father, 
and  my  father  to  me.  O.  B.  FELLOWES. 

PICKWICK,  c.  1280.— In  a  list  of  jurors  of 
Haytor  in  9  Ed.  I.  (Assize  Roll,  184,  Devon, 
rn.  1)  the  name  appears  of  "  Willmus  Pyke- 
wyke."  Had  the  eye  of  the  immortal  Mr. 
Pickwick  fallen  upon  this  entry,  it  might 
have  diverted  his  researches  from  the  source 
of  the  Hampstead  ponds  to  that  of  his  own 
ancestry  !  E.  L.-W. 

KING'S  'CLASSICAL  AND  FOREIGN  QUOTA- 
TIONS.' (See  10th  S.  ii.  281,  351.)—!.  Among 
the  quotations  classed  as  adespofa  by  Mr.  King 
(p.  391,  Xo.  3051)  is  the  epigram  on  the  Bible  : 

Hie  liber  est  in  quo  qurerit  sua  dogmata  quisque  ; 
Invenit  et  pariter  dogmata  quisque  sua. 

The  provenance  of  these  lines  has  formed  the 
subject  of  inquiry  and  reply  in  '  X.  &  Q  ,' 
Samuel  Werenfels  being  named  as  the  author. 
(See  1st  S.  xi.  73  ;  2nd  S.  i.  140 ;  4th  S.  iii.  506  ; 
vii.  109.)  I  was  unwilling  to  repeat  this 
identification  until  I  had  had  an  opportunity 
of  examining  the  quotation  in  situ.  It  is 


448 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io»  a.  in.  JCSTB  10. 


No.  60  in  Werenfels's  '  Fasciculus  Epigrain- 
matuin'  (the  dedication  of  which  is  dated 
"xii.  Calend.  Maii  1715"),  p.  859  in  the  1718 
(Basel)  edition  of  his  'Opuscula  Theologica, 
Philospphica  et  Philologica,'  and  p.  509  in 
torn.  ii.  of  the  1739.  edition  (Lausanne  and 
Geneva).  In  both  these  editions,  at  any  rate, 
the  first  line  runs  "Hie  liber  est  in  quo  sua 
quserit,"  ifcc.  (not  "queerit  sua,"  as  usually 
quoted).  The  epigram  is  headed  "S.  Scrip- 
ture abusus."  The  date  of  Samuel  Werenfels, 
Doctor  of  Theology  and  professor  at  Basel, 
was  (according  to  the  fifth  edition  of  Meyer's 
'Konversations-Lexicon ')  1657-1740. 

2.  Under  No.  2528,  "  Signa  te,  signa,"  &c., 
it  should  have  been  mentioned  that  the 
second  line  of  the  couplet, 

Roma  tibi  subito  motibus  ibit  amor, 
dates  back  at  least  as  far  as  the  fifth  century 
Sidonius  quotes  it  in  his  'Epistles  '  (ix.  14). 
EDWARD  BEN  SLY. 

Via  Lombard ia,  Rome. 

STATUES  IN  LONDON.— In  'Haydn's  Dic- 
tionary of  Dates '  there  is  a  list  of  the  prin- 
cipal statues  in  London,  but  Chantrey's 
equestrian  statue  of  George  IV.  is  omitted. 
This  was  originally  intended  to  be  placed 
on  the  Marble  Arch  when  at  Buckingham 
Palace,  but  was  removed  to  its  present  site  in 
the  north-eastern  corner  of  Trafalgar  Square 
in  1845.  W.  T.  LYNN. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  sent  to  them 
direct. 

"  PERSONA  GRATA."— We  want  instances  of 
this  phrase,  especially  such  as  tend  to  show 
its  original  use.  It  does  not  seem  to  be 
known  before  the  nineteenth  century.  Was 
it  first  used  of  ambassadors  or  envoys?  or 
did  it  originate  in  the  lloman  Curia  in 
connexion  with  ecclesiastical  appointments? 
Answers  direct  will  oblige.  Address  :  Dr. 
Murray,  Oxford.  J.  A.  H.  MURRAY. 

THE  FLAG.  (See  9th  S.  v.  414,  440,  457,  478, 
and  Supplement,  30  June,  1900;  vi.  17,  31, 
351,  451,  519  ;  vii.  193  ;  viii.  67,  173  ;  ix.  485  ; 
x.  31,  94,  118;  xii.  327,  372,  398,  454,  508.)- 
Why  do  some  churches  fly  the  White  Ensign 
— e  g.,  Chertsey,  on  Saturday  last,  3  June  1 

D. 

STUTT  FAMILY.  —  Le  nom  de  Stutt  ou 
Estutt,  porte  par  une  famille  emigree  en 
France  vers  1450  avec  la  garde  ecossaise, 
est-il  d'origine  britannique?  Ce  nom  est-il 


porte  encore  de  nos  jours  en  Grande-Bretagne 
ou  dans  ses  colonies  par  des  families  autoch- 
tones  1 

Ou  alors  serait-il  une  abreviation  de  celui 
d'Estouteville,  dit  aussi  Estutville  et  Stut- 
ville,  lors  du  passage  de  la  famille  normande 
de  ce  nom  en  Angleterre  au  XII.  siecle  ? 

VICOMTE  A.  REVEREND. 

25,  Rue  Fontaine,  Paris. 

HUMAN  SACRIFICES  :  GHOSTS.  —  Do  any 
English  legends  connected  with  parochial 
boundaries,  or  waste  land  lying  between  two- 
villages,  point  to  human  sacrifice  having 
anciently  been  practised  in  such  situations'? 

Is  it  thought  that  human  sacrifices  were 
ever  offered  up  at  important  springs  on  such 
waste  lands  1 

Why  are  many  ghosts  haunting  such  places 
described  as  headless  ?  K.  E.  E.  L. 

HOUSE  OF  LORDS,  1625-60. — I  want  to  find 
an  accurate  list  of  peers  who  sat,  or  who  had 
a  right  to  sit,  in  the  House  of  Lords  during 
the  period  extending  between  the  accession 
of  Charles  I.  and  the  coronation  of  Charles  II. 
Does  such  a  list  exist1?  If  it  is  necessary  to 
compile  one  for  myself,  what  peerage  should 
I  use,  with  the  least  chance  of  making  errors? 

I  also  wish  to  know  whether  any  Scotch  or 
Irish  peers  had  seats  in  the  House  of  Lords 
during  the  period  1625-60;  or  any  bishops 
other  than  English  ones.  G.  T. 

GRIFFITH  AND  CRE  FYDD.— Can  any  reader 
tell  me  where  there  is  a  branch  of  the  Griffith 
family  which  spells  its  name  Cre  Fydd  1  The 
popular  etymology,  which  derives  the  name 
Griffith  from  Welsh  cref,  strong,  AudJFydd, 
faith,  has  already  been  alluded  to  in  these 
columns  (8th  S.  vi.  238).  It  is  old,  as  Camden, 
in  his  '  llemaines,' explains  Griffith  as  "strong- 
faithed."  But  what  I  want  proof  of  is  the 
statement,  made  by  several  writers — for 
instance,  by  Hope  in  '  Dialectal  Place  Nomen- 
clature ' — that  there  are  families  who  actually 
spell  their  name  Cre  Fydd,  while  continuing 
to  pronounce  it  Griffith.  I  find  no  such  form 
in  any  directory  in  my  possession. 

JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

LA  SCALA. — Is  it  too  late  to  hope  for  a 
change  in  the  title  of  this  new  theatre  1  Can- 
not such  be  made  more  commemorative  of 
old  delightful  times?  These  are  questions 
many  are  asking  just  now,  when  rumours  are 
rife  as  to  the  opening  of  its  doors  to  the 
public  at  no  very  distant  date. 

What  could  be  happier  than  a  decision  to 
perpetuate  the  honoured  name  of  Robertson, 
for  ever  linked  with  the  history  and  fortunes 
of  the  little  playhouse  ?  Most  appropriately 


s.  in.  jra  10, 1905.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


449 


its  first  tenant  is  thus  partly  styled— a  bright 
omen,  one  would  say,  for  success  in  his 
venture. 

"Robertson's  Theatre" — I  would  advance 
that  as  an  altogether  worthy,  acceptable 
substitute  for  the  present  choice. 

It  is  remarked  also,  with  regret,  how  an 
intention  would  seem  to  prevail  of  dropping 
the  well-known  address  Tottenham  Street, 
in  favour  of  Charlotte  Street.  (I  find  in  the 
'London  Directory,' under  the  latter  head, 
"  Here  is  a  new  theatre.")  Is  not  this  unwise 
and  inaccurate,  with  the  familiar  portico  in 
its  place,  as  of  yore?  The  indication  is 
scarcely  a  fact,  topographically. 

CECIL  CLARKE. 

Junior  Athenaeum  Club,  VV. 

"YEALLS":  "BREWETTS."  (See  10th  S.  ii. 
425,  533 ;  iii.  371.)— I  have  been  unable  to 
explain  two  more  terms  found  in  the  house- 
hold book  of  Grace,  Lady  Mildmay,  wife  of 
Sir  Anthony  Mildmay.  They  are  "  Roasting 
Yealls  "  and  "  Brewetts — 1  Sticke."  Of  course 
I  know  "brewett,"  or  "  brewis,"  as  thickened 
soup,  but  you  cannot  very  well  have  a 
"sticke"  of  soup.  Would  some  contributor 
help  me  ?  H.  A.  ST.  J.  M. 

ACADEMY  OF  THE  MUSES.— Could  you 
kindly  give  me^any  account  of  the  Academy 
of  the  Muses  1  I  believe  it  was  in  existence 
a  hundred  years  ago.  The  motto  was,  "  Nil 
Invita  Minerva."  Is  there  any  book  about 
it?  T.  P.  UTTON. 

LOVE  ALES. — Amongst  the  Duchy  of  Lan- 
caster Court  Rolls  in  the  P.R  O.  (No.  52/640, 
temp.  Eliz.)  is  this  entry  : — "  It'm  q'd  Rad'us 
Osbaston  et  Joh'es  Scat'good  fecer'  love  ales 
i'o  in  m'a  uterq'  vijs.,:>  i  e.,  the  two  persons 
named  were  fined  two  shillings  each  for 
making  "  love  ales."  Can  any  one  explain 
this  ?  Was  it,  perhaps,  some  kind  of  love 
philtre  or  potion?  Of  course,  in  these  rolls 
it  is  common  enough  to  find  records  of  fines 
inflicted  on  A.  B.  and  C.  D.  for  that  "  being 
common  brewers  they  have  broken  the 
assize " ;  but  this  appears  to  be  something 
different.  BERNARD  P.  SCATTERGOOD. 

Moorside,  FarHeadingley,  Leeds. 

BURIAL-PLACES  OF  CELEBRITIES. — Can  any 
one  who  has  access  to  more  works  of  refer- 
ence than  I  have,  tell  me  where  the  following 
were  interred  ? — 

1.  Judges. — The  first  Lord  Monkswell,  Sir 
Barnes  Peacock,  Sir  Montagu  Smith,  Sir 
Henry  Singer  Keating,  Lord  Hobhouse,  Sir 
Archibald  Leoni  Smith,  Sir  William  Mil- 
bourne  James,  Sir  George  Mellish,  Sir 
Richard  Baggallay,  Sir  Richard  Paul 


Amphlett,  Sir  Alfred  Henry  Thesiger,  Sir 
Robert  Lush,  the  first  Lord  Ludlow  (Sir  H.  C. 
Lopes),  Vice-Chancellor  Sir  Charles  Hall,  Sir 
William  Robert  Grove,  Sir  Charles  James 
Watkin  Williams. 

2.  Associates  of  Royal   Academy.  —  Philip 
Richard  Morris,  John  Brett,  and   Matthew 
Ridley  Corbett. 

3.  Engineers.  —  John   Frederick   Bateman, 
William     Henry   Barlow,    Sir    John  Coode, 
Harrison  Hayter. 

4.  Scientists.— Sir  R.  H.  Inglis,  Rev.  Thomas 
Rodney  Robertson,  William  Hopkins,  Hum- 
phrey Lloyd,  Lord  Wrottesley,  Rev.  Robert 
Willis,  John  Phillips,  William  Benjamin  Car- 
penter, Sir  John  Hawkshaw,  Allen  Thomson, 
Sir  John  William  Dawson. 

5.  Bishops. — Charles  Thomas  Baring  (Dur- 
ham), Rowley  Hill  (Sodor  and  Man). 

6.  Deans.   —    Llewellyn     Llewellyn     ( St. 
David's),   Augustus    Page    Saunders  (Peter- 
borough).  R-    B.    M.    Bonnor  (St.  Asaph), 
James   Vincent  Vincent   (Bangor),   Edward 
Bickersteth  (Lichfield),  Henry  Lynch  Blosse 
(Llandaff),  James  Allen  (St.  David's),  George 
Henry  Connor  (Windsor),  Marsham  Argles 
(Peterborough). 

7.  Colonial    Bishops.  —  William   Walrond 
Jackson  (Antigua),   William   Garden   Cowie 
(Auckland),  Henry  Brougham  Bousfield  (Pre- 
toria), Edward  Sullivan  (Algoma),    Herbert 
Bree  (Barbadoes),   W.  T.  T.  Webber  (Bris- 
bane), Bransby  Lewis  Key  (St.  John's),  Henry 
James  Matthew  (Lahore),  John  Wale  Hicks 
(Bloemfontein),     William     Chalmers    (Goul- 
burn),    Charles    James    Branch    (Antigua), 
Chauncey  Maples  (Likoma). 

Please  reply  direct. 

T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 

Lancaster. 

"  THERE  SHALL  NO  TEMPESTS  BLOW."— I  find 
the  following  in  a  speech  delivered  in  1838, 
and  wish  to  know  whence  it  comes. 
There  shall  no  tempests  blow, 
No  scorching  noontide  heat ; 
There  shall  be  no  more  snow. 

No  weary  wandering  feet. 
So  we  lift  our  trusting  eyes 

From  the  hills  our  fathers  trod, 
To  the  quiet  of  the  skies, 
To  the  Sabbath  of  our  God. 

W.  B.  H. 

INDIAN  KINGS. — Would  MR.  JAMES  PLATT 
kindly  oblige  with  a  translation  of  the  names 
of  the  four  Indian  kings  whose  visit  to  this 
country  in  the  eighteenth  century  is  men- 
tioned in  both  The  Tatler  and  The  Spectator? 
They  were  Tee  Yee  Keen  Ho  Ga  Prow  and 
Sa  Ga  Yean  Qua  Prah  Ton,  of  the  Naquas  ; 
Elow  Oh  Kaorn  and  Oh  Nee  Yeabh  Ton  No 


450 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io*  s.  m.  JUKK  10,  MOB. 


Prow,  of  the  river  Sachem,  and  the  Ganajoh- 
bore  Sachem  (Tatler,  Nos.  155  and  171,  and 
Spectator,  No.  50). 

J.   HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

LONG  BREDY,  DORSET.  —  Can  any  reader 
refer  me  to  a  collection  of  documents 
relating  to  this  place,  either  in  private  posses- 
sion or  otherwise  ?  I  have  made  pretty  close 
search  at  the  llecord  Office  and  the  British 
Museum.  GEORGE  F.  TUDOR  SHERWOOD. 

50,  Beecroft  Road,  Brockley,  S.E. 

ST.  PATRICK.  —  Can  any  of  your  readers 
oblige  me  with  the  words,  or  inform  me 
where  I  can  find  them,  of  a  piece  of  poetry 
describing  a  quarrel  among  Irishmen  about 
the  date  of  St.  Patrick's  birth  ?— one  party 
contending  he  was  born  on  8  March,  and  the 
other  on  9  March.  They  finally  ended  by 
adding  8  to  9,  and  the  birthday  has  been  kept 
on  17  March  ever  after.  H.  T.  BARKER. 

Ludlow. 

JACK  AND  JILL.  —  What  are  the  four 
remaining  lines  of  the  following  conundrum, 
the  answer  to  which  is  Jack  and  Jill  ? 

'Twas  not  on  Alpine  snow  and  ice, 
But  homely  English  ground  ; 

"  Excelsior  ! "  was  their  strange  device, 
But  low  their  fate  they  found. 

W.  H.  DIXSON. 
13,  Crick  Road,  Oxford. 

HORSE-RACING  IN  SCOTLAND.— When  and 
where  did  horse-racing  first  take  place  in 
Scotland  ? 

The  following  is  a  copy  of  a  minute  in  the 
records  of  the  Burgh  of  Dunfermline,  dated 
19  April,  1610  :— 

"Apud  Dunfermling  decitno  nono  die  Aprilis 
ano  dm  millemo  sexcentemo  decimo  coram  Jone 
Andersonn  et Jacobo  Mochrie  ballievis  de  burgi. 

"The  qlk  day  in  prnce  of  ye  saids  baillies 
comperitpsolnemr.  James  dugles  the  schoolmaster 
burges  of  ye  said  burt  and  upon  his  awin  propre 
qfession  actit  him  his  airs  exersand  asgns  as  caur 
and  souritie  ffor  David  Boeswell  broyer  german  to 
Sr  Johne  Boeswell  of  ballmuto  knyt.  That  ye  said 
David  or  uyers  in  his  name  Sail  exhibit  and  pro- 
duce Befoir  ye  provest  and  bailleis  of  ye  said  bur* 
In  ye  tolbuith  yrpf  upon  the  fourt  day  of  apryll  In 
ye  yeir  of  God  sixteen  c*  and  eleven  yeirs  next  to 
cum  at  ten  houris  bfor  noon  The  sylver  Race  bell 
double  overgilt  his  matcsts  name  and  arms  gravin 

yrupon  Weyand perteng  to  ane  noble  lord  alexr 

erle  of  Duuferlyne  lord  fyvie  and  urqhat  heich 
chancelure  of  Scotland  Baillie  herabl  prinple  of  ye 
regal'''  of  Dunfermling  delyverit  this  day  to  ye 
said  David  In  custodie  and  keiping  unto  the  said 
day  Be  qmand  and  ordinate  of  ye  said  noble  erle  Be 
resson  of  ye  said  David's  blak  hors  wyning  the 
custody  and  keiping  yrof  be  rining  frae  conscience 
brig  to  ye  brig  of  urquhat  in  companie  w*  uyer 
twa  hors  viz  ane  dapil  gray  hors  blong«  to  Sr  Wm 
Monteth  of  Kers,  Knyt,  and  ye  uyer  ane  broun 


hors  blongs  to  Lues  Monteth  his  broyer  german 
and  wan  frae  yame  ye  race.  And  that  the  said 
David  Boeswell  sail  delyver  and  produce  the  said 
bell  in  the  lyke  and  also  gud  state  as  he  now  ressaves 
the  sam  under  ye  pains  of  fyve  hundret  merks  mn? 
scots  to  be  payit  be  ye  said  caur  to  ye  said  noble 
erle  in  case  of  failyer  and  the  said  David  Boeswell 
qmpereand  prsplne  demittand  his  awin  jurisdiction 
and  duly  submitting  him  in  this  case  to  the  jurisdic- 
tion of  the  provest  and  bailleis  of  ye  said  bur*  of 
his  awin  confession  actit  him  to  freth  and  relive 
the  said  Mr.  James  Dugles  his  caur  of  this  prat 
caurie  betwin  hym  and  the  said  bailleis  and  of  uyer 
penalties.  The  said  bailleis  interponit  yair  autor* 
yrto  and  ordains  execution  of  poynding  and 
warding  to  pass  heirupon  in  case  of  failyer  of 
production  of  the  said  bell  at  the  day  and  in 
manneir  above  specy*." 

The  earliest  notice  of  horse- racing  that  I 
have  been  able  to  find  is  a  brief  entry  in  the 
Treasurer's  accounts  of  1504,  from  which, 
however,  it  does  not  appear  where  the  race 
referred  to  was  run.  Perhaps  some  of  your 
readers  could  supply  the  desired  information. 
A  horse  race  for  a  silver  bell  also  took  place 
in  Haddington  on  10  May,  1552,  and  a  copy 
of  the  minute  regarding  the  same  would  be 
interesting.  BARON  SETON,  of  Andria. 

Seton  Cottage,  Great  Yarmouth. 

NORDEN'S  '  SPECULUM  BRITANNLE.'  — 
Lowndes  gives  1596  as  the  date  of  an  edition, 
and  if  this  is  correct  all  our  large  libraries 
are  apparently  without  a  copy.  I  should  be 
glad  to  hear  whether  any  reader  has  met 
with  a  copy  so  dated.  F.  MARCIIAM. 

Hornsey,  N. 

MEDIEVAL  SEAL.  —  A  friend  of  mine  has 
in  his  possession  an  oval  silver  seal,  measuring 
about  one  inch  by  seven-eighths.  In  the 
centre  is  a  lion  passant  with  a  bull's  head 
under  its  forepaw,  and  round  the  border,  in 
contracted  early  fourteenth- century  Latin, 
the  riming  motto  : — 

Sum  leo ; 

Quovis  eo, 

Non  nisi 

Vera  veho. 

On  the  back  of  it  is  roughly  cut  "Georgii 
Signum,"  or  it  might  be  "Georg  ii.  Signum." 

The  original  seal,  of  which  this  is  obviously 
a  copy,  is  said  by  lloach  Smith  ('  Collectanea 
Antiqua,'  vol.  iv.  p.  73,  pi.  xviii.  fig.  3)  to 
have  been  "discovered"  at  Luddesdown, 
in  Kent,  and  to  be  in  the  possession  of  a 

Rev. Shepheard.  This  would  be  about 

1865. 

I  should  much  like  an  opinion  as  to  how 
his  Georgian  majesty  came  to  possess  this 
copy,  and  (of  much  more  interest)  to  know  to 
whom  the  original  belonged.  Some  reader 
well  acquainted  with  English  documents  of 
the  early  fourteenth  century  might  have  met 


io«- s.  m.  JUNE  io,  iocs.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


451 


with  a  contemporary  impression  of  this  seal, 
and  by  this  means  the  owner  might  be  traced. 

WM.  NORMAN. 
6,  St.  James's  Place,  Plumstead. 

SIR  R,  FANSHAWE.— I  am  very  anxious  to 
trace  the  copy  of  '  II  Pastor  Fido,'  by  Sir  R. 
Fanshawe,  presented  by  him  to  Charles  L, 
who  has  written  in  it  "Dura  spiro  spero."  It 
was  sold  some  years  ago  by  auction.  I  seek 
also  a  portrait  of  Sir  R.  Fanshawe  as  a  young 
man,  and  the  companion  one  of  Lady  Fan- 
sha%ve  ;  also  letters  written  by  Sir  R.  Fan- 
shawe from  Spain  and  Portugal. 

E.  FANSHAWE. 

132,  Ebury  Street,  S.W. 


g/plies, 

THE  EGYPTIAN  HALL,  PICCADILLY. 
(10th  S.  iii.  163,  236,  297,  334,  411.) 

IN  reply  to  MR.  HARLAND-OXLEY'S  appeal 
for  further  information  regarding  this  place 
and  its  occupants,  I  venture  to  add  a  few 
items  from  a  large  collection  of  bills,  &c., 
issued  from  various  centres  of  metropolitan 
entertainment,  which  I  have  in  ray  posses- 
sion. Unfortunately,  it  is  difficult  to  fix  an 
exact  date  for  these  exhibitions,  as  the  year 
is  generally  omitted  on  the  bills— a  defect 
which  they  share  with  the  sheet  playbills  of 
the  period.  The  following  shows  belong  to 
the  early  "forties,"  when,  as  a  youngster  of 
tender  years,  I  was  initiated  into  the 
mysteries  of  London  life. 

First,  as  regards  the  date  of  Tom  Thumb's 
advent.  An  undated  bill  states  that 
"  General  Tom  Thumb  was  born  11  January, 
1832,  and  is  consequently  now  twelve  years 
of  age."  This  fixes  the  date  as  1844,  and 
confirms  the  statement  of  MR.  ALECK 
ABRAHAMS  at  p.  237,  ante.  The  exhibition 
took  place  in  "  Catlin's  Indian  Gallery." 
Whether  I  attended  it  or  not  I  do  not 
remember;  but  a  picture  of  the  general,  in 
the  costume  and  conventional  attitude  of 
Napoleon,  which  was  brought  away  from  the 
exhibition,  was  a  familiar  object  in  the 
nursery. 

The  North  American  redskin  was  popular 
in  the  days  when  Fenimore  Cooper  was  our 
favourite  author.  The  "14  loway  Indians" 
were  exhibited  by  Mr.  Catlin  in  his  Indian 
Gallery,  and  the  "Nine  Ojibbeway  Indians" 
were  also  presented  under  the  guidance  of 
Mr.  Rankin.  Nor  were  Transatlantic  relics 
of  earlier  date  wanting.  "  The  Missouri 
Leviathan,  with  the  largest  and  most 
interesting  Collection  of  North  American 


Antediluvian  Animal  Remains  in  the  World," 
opened  our  juvenile  eyes  many  years  before 
Master  Tommy  was  frightened  by  a  similar 
show  in  the  grounds  of  the  Crystal  Palace. 
These  remains  were  exhibited  in  the  Upper 
Saloon,  with  a  lecture  at  three  o'clock  daily 
by  their  discoverer,  Mr.  A.  Koch. 

"  The  Devonshire  Giant  Ox,  bred  by 
G.  Newton,  Esq.,  and  weighing  3,750  Ibs.," 
was  another  attraction.  It  was  advertised 
as  such  a  mild  and  inoffensive  animal  that  a 
child  might  play  with  it.  Of  a  different 
description  was  Prof.  Faber's  speaking 
automaton,  or  "Euphonia,"  otherwise  "The 
Only  Universal  Linguist."  This  wonderful 
creature  could  carry  on  a  conversation  with 
you  in  any  language  you  liked  to  name. 

We  might  finish  up  the  evening  with  a 
"  Model  of  the  City  of  Venice,  with  brilliant 
effects  of  sunshine  produced  by  a  new 
arrangement  of  the  Oxy-hydrpgen  Light," 
and  thereby  presenting  an  object-lesson  in 
the  combined  sciences  of  chemistry  and 
topography.  It  must  be  remembered  that 
we  were  brought  up  under  Miss  Edgeworth 
and  "Harry  and  Lucy,"  and  studied  our 
political  economy  under  Miss  Martineau, 
which  perhaps  resulted  in  our  taking  our 
youthful  pleasures  a  little  more  sadly  than 
the  children  of  the  present  day.  But  perhaps 
we  were  none  the  worse  for  that. 

I  cannot  find  a  record  of  the  "  Living 
Skeleton "  being  exhibited  at  the  Egyptian 
Hall.  As  stated  by  MR.  CROMPTON,  Claude 
Ambroise  Seurat  was  "  on  show "  at  the 
Chinese  Saloon  in  Pall  Mall,  where  Mr.  Hone 
visited  him,  and  drew  up  an  excellent 
description  of  him.  But  I  think  he  must 
have  been  first  exhibited  at  a  rather  later 
date  than  August,  1825.  Hone's  description 
is  given  in  'The  Every-Day  Book,'  vol.  i. 
col.  1017,  the  date  of  the  number  being 
26  July,  1826,  nearly  a  year  later  than 
the  date  given  by  MR.  CROMPTON.  Hone 
refers  to  a  walk  which  the  "Skeleton" 
took  from  the  Gothic  Hall  in  the  Haymarket 
to  the  Chinese  Saloon.  This  Gothic  Hall 
seems  to  have  faded  out  of  public  recollection. 
W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

MR.  CROMPTON  may  himself  be  glad  of  a 
minute  correction  to  his  reply  on  Seurat,  the 
"Living  Skeleton."  There  is  in  this  library 
the  original  descriptive  pamphlet  issued  by 
the  exhibitors,  with  the  title — 

"Interesting  Account  and  Anatomical  Descrip- 
tion of  Claude  Ambroise  Seurat,  called  rAnatomie 
Vivante,  or  the  Living  Skeleton,  now  exhibiting  at 
the  Chinese  Saloon,  No.  94,  Pall  Mall,  London. 
With  three  plates.  Printed  by  \V.  Glindon,  Rupert 
Street,  Haymarket.  Price  One  Shilling." 


452 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io*  s.  m.  JUNE  10,  iocs. 


16  pp.  and  plate.  There  is  no  date,  but  it 
was  issued  in  1825,  as  is  shown  by  the  state- 
ment on  p.  2  : — 

"Claude  Ambroise  Seurat  was  born  at  Troyes,  in 
the  department  of  Champaigne,  on  the  10th  of  April, 
1797,  and  is  now  therefore  twenty-eight  years  of 
age." 

The  correction  referred  to  is  the  number  in 

Pall  Mall,  which  is  94 — not  49,  as  stated. 
A  note  in  pencil  is  added  at,the  end  : — 
"The  three  figures  represent  a  man  who  was 

exhibited  as  a  living  skeleton  at  the  Egyptian  Hall 

and  elsewhere  "; 

but  not  much  importance  need  be  attached 
to  it,  as  it  is  evidently  recent.  The  last  two 
paragraphs  refer  to  his  being  exhibited  : — 

"So  far  from  having  any  disinclination  to  being 
exhibited  in  this  country,  Claude  Ambroise  Seurat 
has  repeatedly  urged  his  wish  to  gratify  the  strong 
desire  of  the  public,  in  allowing  them  to  view  him 
without  loss  of  time;  and  hearing  that  some  of  the 
journals  had  spoken  in  strong  terms  of  the  bad 
taste  and  cruelty  of  the  parties,  who  had  taken  him 
under  their  protection  and  care,  he  begged  per- 
mission to  contradict  such  statements,  and  accord- 
ingly addressed  a  letter  to  that  effect  to  the  Editor 
of  the  British  Press,  which  cannot  fail  to  satisfy 
every  dispassionate  mind  as  to  the  motives  of  those 
who  have  brought  forward  this  almost  supernatural 
being. 

"  Trusting  to  the  liberality  of  a  discerning  public, 
and  at  the  urgent  solicitations  of  many  medical  and 
private  friends,  the  gentlemen  who  have  brought 
him  over  at  a  very  great  expence,  have  consenteclto 
exhibit  him,  for  a  limited  period,  satisfied  that  it  is 
the  best  means  of  refuting  all  the  opinions  and 
speculations  that  have  been  advanced  upon  the 
subject." 

W.  R.  B.  PRIDEAUX. 

Royal  College  of  Physicians,  S.W. 

I  distinctly  remember  seeing  Tom  Thumb 
at  the  Egyptian  Hall  in  May  or  June,  1844, 
when  he  and  a  red  Indian  of  the  name  of 
Eoc-o-sot  were  being  exhibited  there  by  the 
celebrated  showman  Barnura.  Tom  Thumb 
was  twenty- five  inches  high,  and  said  to  be 
thirteen  years  old  ;  but  thirty  years  later,  in 
1874,  I  made  acquaintance  with  Barnum  as  a 
fellow-passengeron  board  an  Atlantic  steamer, 
and  he  told  me  that  Tom  Thumb  was  really 
only  five  years  old  when  he  was  exhibited  at 
the  Egyptian  Hall  in  1844,  and  that  he  after- 
wards grew  to  such  a  height — well  over  three 
feet — that  he  became  quite  worthless  as  a 
show.  R.  MARSHAM-TOWNSHEND. 

With  the  view  of  helping  ME.  HARLAND- 
OXLEY  towards  a  complete  list  of  the  enter- 
tainments at  this  hall,  I  would  mention  the 
appearance  there  — for  one  or  more  seasons — 
of  Messrs.  Edmund  Yates  and  Power  (a  son 
of  the  Mr.  Power  who  was  wrecked  in  the  ship 
President),  for  I  well  remember  to  have  seen 
them  there  together  in  their  entertainment. 


I  cannot  call  to  mind  the  date,  but  as  it 
was  advertised  daily  in  The  Times,  there  can 
be  no  difficulty  in  finding  it.  0.  MASON. 

29,  Emperor's  Gate,  S.W. 


NORFOLK  FOLK-SONGS  (10th  S.  iii.  365). — 
Although  I  am  unable  to  offer  MR.  HOLCOMBE 
INGLEBY  the  particular  information  he  seeks, 
yet  it  is  just  possible  that  the  following 
generalities  may  interest  him  as  well  as 
others  of  your  readers  who  desire  to  help  in 
the  work  of  recording  our  traditional  song* 
before  it  is  too  late. 

Two  songs  are  given  under  'Norfolk'  in 
'  English  County  Songs,'  by  Lucy  E.  Broad- 
wood  and  J.  A.  Fuller  Maitland,  published 
at  the  Leadenhall  Press  in  1893  ;  and  two  or 
three  others  will  be  found  in  the  earlier 
numbers  of  the  Journal  of  the  Folk-Song 
Society,  which  may  be  obtained  from  the 
hon.  sec.,  Miss  Lucy  Broadwood,  84,  Carlisle 
Mansions,  Victoria  Street,  London,  S.W. 
The  six  parts  of  the  Journal  already  issued 
contain  between  two  and  three  hundred 
traditional  melodies,  with  the  words  to  which 
they  were  sung,  and  valuable  notes  and 
references  by  Miss  Broadwood,  Mr.  Frank 
Kidson,  and  others.  To  the  sixth  number 
Mr.  Kidson  has  contributed  a  select  list  of 
works  dealing  with  the  subject. 

The  number  of  folk-songs  that  may  be 
found  in  any  given  district  depends  to  a 
very  great  extent  upon  the  manner  in  which 
the  collector  seeks  for  them,  and  "young"' 
collectors  could  not  do  better  than  procure 
the  leaflet  entitled  'Hints  to  Collectors/ 
issued  by  the  Society. 

W.  PERCY  MERRICK. 

Manor  Farm,  Shepperton. 

BONAPARTE  AND  ENGLAND  (10th  S.  iii.  408). 
— A  copy  of  the  extract  from  the  letter  of 
the  Rev.  Thomas  Belsham,  dated  Hackney, 
16  August,  1805,  will  be  found  in  2ni1  S.  vii. 
(30  April,  1859).  Two  contradictions  followed 
at  p.  402,  one  of  which  says  :  "  There  was 
never  anything  more  absurd  than  this 
fabrication,  for  it  can  be  called  nothing  less." 

EVERARD   HOME   COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

OAVEN  BRIGSTOCKE  (10th  S.  ii.  86, 237).— The- 
following  are  some  of  the  particulars  pro- 
mised for  the  information  of  PALAMEDES  and 
D.  M.  R. 

Owen  Brigstocke,  of  Llechdwny  and  of 
Llandebie,  eldest  son  and  heir  of  John 
Brigstocke  (ob.  1640),  of  Croydon,  Surrey, 
and  of  Llechdwny,  co.  Caermarthen,  born 
circa  1628-30— High  Sheriff  for  co.  Caer- 
marthen in  1657  and  again  in  1669,  one  of 


m.  JITXE  io,  1903.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


453 


the  Sheriffs  for  Caermarthen  town  in  1673, 
Mayor  of  Caermarthen  in  1G82  —  married 
thrice.  His  first  wife  was  Jane,  second 
daughter  of  Sir  William  Vaugban,  Knt., 
D.C.L.,  colonizer  of  Newfoundland  and  poet, 
of  Tor-y-coed  in  Llangendeirne,  co.  Caer- 
marthen (.second  brother  of,  and  in  his  issue 
heir  to.  John,  Earl  of  Carbery,  of  Golden 
Grove).  By  her  he  had  issue  William  Brig- 
stocke,  his  son  and  heir,  and  a  daughter 
Anne,  married  to  Owen  Bowen,  of  Gurrey, 
in  Llandilo-Vawr.  His  second  wife  was 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  David  Lloyd,  of 
Forth wred  and  Castle-Howel,  co.  Cardigan. 
She  died  at  Llechdwny  3  February,  and  was 
buried  at  Llandebie  6  February,  1607/8,  where 
there  is  a  mural  tablet  to  her  memory.  By 
her  he  had  further  issue  Thomas  Brigstocke, 
barrister-at-law  Middle  Temple,  ob.  sp.  1691, 
buried  in  the  Temple  Church  ;  Francis  Brig- 
stocke, who  seems  to  have  been  a  scapegrace, 
and  probably  left  issue  represented  at  the 
present  day ;  and  John  Brigstocke,  ob.  s  p. 
1665,  buried  in  Gloucester  Cathedral ;  and 
also  two  daughters,  Mary  and  Elizabeth, 
who  both  married  and  left  issue.  His  third 
wife  was  Elizabeth  (twice  a  widow,  first  of 
John  Gwyn,  of  Piode,  in  Llandebie,  co.  Caer- 
marthen, and  secondly  of  William  Lloyd, 
of  Allt-y-cadno),  daughter  of  Arthur  and 
Dorothy  Wogan,  of  Pengwern  and  Hencastle, 
co.  Pembroke  (a  cadet  of  the  Wogans  of 
Wiston),  and  co-heir  to  her  brother  Thomas 
Wogan  (?  the  regicide).  By  her  he  had  no 
further  issue.  Died  a  widower  in  the  winter 
of  1689-90.  Will  proved  at  Caermarthen. 

The  other  particulars  shall  follow  later. 
G.  11.  BRIGSTOCKE. 

Ryde,  I.W. 

SOUTHWOLD  CHURCH  :  FIGURES  AND  EM- 
BLEMS (10th  S.  iii.  329,  369).— The  "apron  or 
sheet  in  which  are  small  figures  "  should  pro- 
bably be  taken  to  represent  "Abraham's 
bosom,"  or,  under  some  other  name,  the  place 
•wherein  the  souls  of  the  righteous  repose 
when  released  from  the  body.  Images  bear- 
ing before  them  sucli  treasure,  thus  enveloped, 
are  to  be  seen  among  the  sculptured  mysteries 
of  many  French  churches.  Should  I  ever 
have  the  happiness  of  returning  to  Bourges, 
I  shall  reproach  my  memory  if  I  do  not  find 
one  of  them  on  the  grand  facade  of  the 
cathedral.  It  is  of  this  that  M*.  Huysmans 
speaks  when  he  refers  to  "un  porche  prece- 
dant  uii  edicule  ou  le  vieil  Abraham,  assis, 
tend  sur  ses  genoux  un  tablier  plein  de 
petites  tetes  qui  jubilent,  d'ames  sauves" 
('La  Cathedrale,'  p.  460).  It  may  be  re- 
membered that  in  an  old  carol,  'Dives  and 
Lazarus,'  two  serpents  are  sent  from  hell  to 


fetch  the  soul  of  the  defunct  rich  man,  and 
that  one  of  them  reveals  its  fate  : — 

Rise  up,  rise  up,  brother  Dives, 

And  come  along  with  me, 
For  you've  a  place  provided  in  hell 

To  sit  upon  a  serpent's  knee. 

In  the  'Biblia  Pauperum'  it  was  Christ 
who  was  figured  bearing  the  souls  of  the 
blessed  in  His  mantle  (Didron's  'Christian 
Iconography,'  Margaret  Stokes's  edition,  Ap- 
pendix iii.  p.  428).  ST.  SWITHIN. 

"ENGLAND,"  "ENGLISH":  THEIR  PRONUN- 
CIATION (10th  S.  iii.  322,  393).— I  regret  that 
difference  of  view  separates  me  so  widely 
from  PROF.  SKEAT,  and  it  is  also  somewhat 
disappointing  to  me  to  find  that  the  newness 
of  my  arguments  renders  the  consideration 
of  them  inadmissible.  The  reason  PROF. 
SKEAT  has  given  for  rejecting  them  is  not 
one,  it  is  true,  that  could  be  accepted  by  a> 
linguist  who  had  mastered  the  elementary 
fact  that  Triibunri,  or  darkening  of  a  into  o, 
is  no  criterion  of  the  quantity  of  that  vowel. 
But  the  majority  of  the  readers  of  'N.  &  Q.' 
cannot  be  supposed  to  possess  that  know- 
ledge ;  so  when  they  see  that  PROF.  SKEAT'S 
argument  runs,  ''For  we  know  that  in  Ongle 
the  o  is  short,  as  in  lond,  land,  ttc.,"  they 
will  naturally  conclude,  though  erroneously, 
that  PROF.  SKEAT  maintains  that  it  is  only 
short  a  that  wavers  in  the  manner  exem- 
plified, and  they  may  suppose  that  that  is 
the  right  thing  to  believe.  It  is  the  only 
argument  that  PROF.  SKEAT  has  advanced, 
and  the  application  of  the  examples  he  gives- 
in  the  second  paragraph  of  his  reply,  on  the 
ground,  I  presume,  that  they  are  parallel 
and  relevant,  depends  upon  it.  Triibiiny  of 
d,  however,  is  found  quite  as  frequently, 
perhaps,  as  that  of  a,  consequently  PROF. 
SKEAT'S  argument  is  contingent,  and  is 
worth  no  more  than  its  converse,  namely, 
we  know  that  in  Onyie  (for  Angle)  o  may  be 
long,  as  in  on(l>/),  an  ;  bon,  ban  (bone)  ;  holicy 
hdlic  (holy) ;  yost,  ydst  (ghost),  &c.  I  have 
marked  a  in  Angle  long  for  reasons  given  ; 
PROF.  SKEAT  marks  it  short  and  gives  no 
reason  for  doing  so.  Moreover,  the  linguistic 
and  orthographical  difficulties  collectively 
presented  by  the  pronunciation  Inylish,  and 
the  Greek  "AyyeiAoi,  the  Old  High  German 
Anyil(berht),  the  Mercian  Anyel(theoio],  the- 
West  Saxon  Anyel(cyn\  Enyle,  ^Enyle,  and 
the  Old  Welsh  Einmjl  are  not  susceptible  of 
being  explained  from  his  point  of  view. 

A.  ANSCOMBE. 

DICKENSIAN  LONDON  (10th  S.  ii.  49). — 
Although  in  the  magazines  mentioned  below 
there  is  no  illustration  of  either  Xo.  3* 


454 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [io*  s.  HI.  JUNE  10, 1905. 


•Chandos  Street,   Strand,  or    No.   4,   Gower 
Street  North,  the  references  may  be  useful  : 

'  Notes  on  some  Dickens  Places  and  People,'  by 
•Charles  Dickens  the  Younger,  illustrations  by  H.  W. 
Brewer.  —  The  Pall  Mall  Magazine,  July,  1896, 
vol.  ix.  p.  342. 

'  Charles  Dickens's  London,'  by  Walter  Dexter, 
photographs  by  the  author.  —  The  English  Illustrated 
Mayazine,  September,  1901,  No.  216,  p.  547. 

'  Dickens's  London,'  by  Sydney  E.  Jackson,  photo- 
graphs by  H.  F.  Hatton,  also  a  print  of  the  Old 
Curiosity  Shop  in  1837.  —  The  Temple  Magazine, 
January,  1902,  vol.  vi.  p.  345. 

'  Relics  of  Dickens'  London,'  by  Charles  W. 
Dickens  (grandson),  illustrated  by  Val  Prinsep.  — 
Mvaueafs  Magazine.  September,  1902,  vol.  xxvii. 
p.  833. 

'Literary  Geography:  the  Country  of  Dickens,' 
by  William  Sharp,  illustrated  by  Edgar  Wilson.— 
The  Pall  Mall  Magazine,  February,  1903,  vol.  xxix. 
p.  237. 

In  The  Daily  Graphic  of  9  February,  1899, 
appears  a  report  (illustrated)  of  a  lecture 
given  on  the  7th  by  Mr.  H.  Snowden  Ward 
on  'The  Heal  Dickens  Land,'  in  the  ballroom 
of  the  "  Bull  "  Inn,  Rochester. 

Nearly  all  the  illustrations  in  the  above 
•articles  are  views  ;  and  nearly  all  of  them 
are  of  houses,  &c.,  in  London.  The  Temple 
fountain  appears  three  times  ;  but  none  of 
the  writers  appears  to  know  that  the  old 
fountain  was  removed  some  twenty  to  thirty 
years  ago.  It  used  to  stand  some  five  feet 
•above  the  water  in  the  big  basin  ;  it  was  moss- 
grown,  and  the  water  rose  gently  to  no  great 
height  and  then  dripped  over  the  edge  of 
the  small  top  basin.  It  suited  Dickens's 
•description  of  Fountain  Court  much  better 
than  the  fireman's  hose  which  took  its  place. 

Touching  the  inquiry  concerning  No.  3, 
Chandos  Street,  it  may  be  worth  noting  that 
in  '  Charles  Dickens  :  the  Story  of  his  Life 
and  Writings,'  by  B.  W.  Matz—  being  No.  1  of 
the  Dickens  Fellowship  Publications—  p.  2  is 
a  drawing  by  Fred  Barnard  entitled  '  Little 
Charles  Dickens  at  the  Blacking  Warehouse.' 
The  story  is  reprinted  from  Household  Words 
•of  14  June,  1902.  Whether  the  numerous 
illustrations  appeared  therein  I  do  not  know. 
ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 


^  STREET  (10th  S.  iii.  248,  336,  375).— 
Born  in  St.  P  ancras  parish,  and  a  resident 
therein  for  upwards  of  sixty  years,  1  have 
naturally  taken  an  interest  in  it.  From 
personal  recollections,  and  from  information 
furnished  by  correspondents,  I  think  the 
following  particulars  may  be  relied  on. 

Lucas  Street  was  not  named  after  the 
builder,  but  the  freeholder.  In  1822  Lucas, 
a  bricklayer,  resided  at  5,  Cromer  Street, 
which  he  had  built,  and,  being  an  eccentric, 
•decorated  it  with  casts  from  his  stock-in- 


trade,  of  which  he  possessed  a  most  extensive 
collection.  This  residence  was  known  as 
"Compo  Cottage,"  and  his  sobriquet  among 
his  neighbours,  with  whom  he  generally  spent 
his  evenings  at  the  "Skinner's  Arms"  in 
Judge  Street,  was  "Lord  Compo."  A  few 
years  before  his  death  he  removed  to  Woburn 
Place,  near  St.  Pancras  Church,  where,  it  is 
believed,  he  died.  His  two  sons,  Charles  and 
Thomas,  became  the  eminent  contractors  of 
Belvedere  Road,  S.E. 

EVERARD   HOME    COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

"TANDEM"'  (10th  S.  iii.  146).— At  9th  S.  xi. 
256  will  be  found  an  instance  of  tandem  (taken 
from  The  ttoston  Evening  Post  of  18  May, 
1747)  in  which  the  word  apparently  means  a 
kind  of  cloth  or  an  article  of  apparel.  As 
this  use  of  the  word  is  both  rare  and  singular, 
a  second  example  is  worth  recording.  The 
following  advertisement  appeared  in  The 
Independent  Advertiser  (Boston,  Mass?.)  of 
21  November,  1748,  p.  2,  col.  3  :— 

"Imported  in  the  last  Ships  from  London,  and  to 
be  sold  by  Gerrish  and  Barrell  at  their  Store  in 

Queen-Street Oznabriggs, Garlets,  Tandems, 

Duffills, Shalloons,  Tammies,  Florettas, 

Russels, Joan  Spinning, Black  and  Scarlet 

Hair  Shagg  Janes,"  &c. 

The  only  suggestion  that  occurs  to  tho 
writer  is  that,  like  so  many  similar  words 
— as,  in  the  above  advertisement,  Oznabriggs 
(from  Osnabriick),  Garlets  (from  Gorlitz), 
and  Duffills  (from  Duffel)  —  tandem  is  a 
corruption  of  the  name  of  a  place  in  England 
or  Ireland,  or  on  the  Continent,  or  in  the 
East  Indies.  But  what  place1? 

ALBERT  MATTHEWS. 

Boston,  U.S. 

TURVILE  (10th  S.  iii.  367).— William  Turvile, 
of  Aston-FJamville,  co.  Leicester,  had  a  son 
Henry,  born  April,  1697,  but  no  further  par- 
ticulars are  given  (see  Burke's  'Commoners'). 
JOHN  RADCLIFFE. 

NINTHS  (10th  S.  iii.  389). — A  ninth  of  movable 
goods  payable  in  moieties,  7  December,  1297, 
and  3  February.  1297/8,  was  granted  by 
Parliament  on  6  October,  1297(25  Edward  I.), 
in  return  for  confirmation  by  King  Edward 
of  the  two  great  charters.  See  vol.  xxvii.  of 
Lane,  and  Chesh.  Record  Society  Pub.,  pp.  197, 
213,  et  seq.  JAMES  HALL. 

Lindum  House,  Nautwich. 

LONDON  CEMETERIES  IN  1860  (10th  S.  ii.  169, 
296,  393,  496,  535  ;  iii.  56,  133).— MR.  HARRY 
HEMS  cites  at  10th  S.  ii.  394,  as  an  example 
of  a  built-over  burial-ground,  the  old  Jones's 
Burial-Ground  in  Church  Row,  Islington. 


w-s.iii.jcsEio.i905.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


455 


There  is  an  'almost  similar  instance  in  the 
immediate  neighbourhood,  now  the  subject 
of  correspondence  between  the  Islington 
Borough  Council  and  the  Postmaster-General. 
On  a  disused  burial  -  ground  at  Islington 
Green  a  stable  had  been  built  prior  to  1884. 
At  a  later  date  the  Post-Office  officials  occu- 
pied another  part  of  the  ground  with  wooden 
buildings,  so  that  two-thirds  of  it  is  now 
covered.  It  is  claimed  they  are  not  amen- 
able to  the  Acts  of  1884  and  1887  preserving 
these  grounds,  and,  except  consideration  for 
the  wishes  of  the  Council,  there  is  nothing 
to  prevent  the  whole  space  being  hidden 
beneath  permanent  buildings.  Vide  Islinr/ton 
Gazette,  15  February.  ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 
39,  Hillrnarton  Road. 

"A  SHOULDER  OF  MUTTON  BROUGHT  HOME 
FROM  FRANCE"  (10th  S.  ii.  48,  158,  236,  292, 
374  ;  iii.  255).— In  '  A  Christmas  Carol,'  by 
George  Wither,  occurs  : — 

The  country  folk  themselves  advance, 
For  Crowdy-mutton  's  come  out  of  France, 
And  Jack  shall  pipe  and  Jill  shall  dance, 
And  all  the  town  be  merry. 

The  'N  E  D.'does  not  give  'Crowdy-mutton,' 
but  defines  '  Crowdie'  as  a  kind  of  broth  or 
porridge,  and  gives  examples  of  other  com- 
pounds— '  Crowdie-time'  (Burns). 

H.  K.  ST.  J.  S. 

BAPTIST  CONFESSION  OF  FAITH,  1660  (10th 
"S.  iii.  89,  116). — A  facsimile  reproduction  of 
a  Baptist  Confession  of  Faitli  printed  in 
the  year  1651  was  executed  some  twenty  five 
.years  ago  under  the  personal  supervision  of 
«iy  friend  the  late  Mr.  John  Taylor,  of 
Northampton.  It  was  issued  in  pamphlet 
form  in  1901,  a  short  time  after  his  death. 
I  do  not  anticipate  that  this  is  the  confession 
MR.  BRADLEY  asks  for  ;  but  possibly  he  may 
like  to  know  of  it.  The  only  original  copy 
yet  discovered  is  bound  at  the  end  of  a 
book  by  Capt.  Robert  Everard,  bearing  title 
'The  Creation  and  Fall  of  the  First  Adam 
Reviewed,'  <fcc.  This  book  is  in  the  possession 
of  the  Chilwell  College  Library,  Nottingham. 
The  full  title  of  the  confession  is  : — 

"The  |  Faith  |  and  |  Practise  |  Of  Thirty  |  Con- 
gregations, |  Gathered  according  to  the  |  Primitive 
Pattern.  |  Published  (in  love)  by  consent  of  two 
from  I  each  Congregation,  appointed  for  that  pur- 
pose. |  1.  To  inform  those  who  have  a  desire  to 
know  what  |  Religious  Duties  they  hold  forth.  | 
2.  To  undeceive  those  that  are  mis-informed  there- 
of. |  3.  To  the  end  the  said  Congregations  may  in 
love,  |  and  the  spirit  of  Meekness,  be  informed 

by  any  |  that  conceive  they  walk    amiss.  | | 

Rom.  12.  18.     If  it  be  possible,  as  much  0,1  in  >/ou  is, 

|  have  Peace  with  all  men.  \ [  London,  Printed 

.by  /.  M.  for  Will.  Larnar,  \  at  the  Blackmore  neer 
Fleet-bridge,  16-31." 


Its  pagination  is  viii,  30,  the  first  part 
being  taken  up  with  the  address  to  the 
reader,  followed  by  "  The  names  of  the  Sub- 
scribers, with  the  places  of  their  Meetings," 
which  are  included  in  the  counties  of 
Rutland,  Warwick,  Northampton,  Lincoln, 
Leicester,  Huntingdon,  Oxford,  and  Bedford. 
The  confession  itself  consists  of  seventy-five 
clauses  and  a  postscript. 

For  the  benefit  of  those  interested  in  this 
subject  I  copy  the  following  sentence  from 
the  "  Introduction  "  to  the  reprint  :  — 

"This  early  local  confession  was  to  be  the  chief 
of  an  exhaustive  collection  of  Confessions  of  Faith 
from  all  parts  of  the  world,  and  was  to  be  the 
basis  for  biographies  of  the  signatories,  and  his- 
tories of  the  churches  they  represented.  In  pursuit 
of  these  objects,  Mr.  Taylor,  disregarding  expense 
and  trouble,  ransacked  public  and  private  libraries 
in  both  hemispheres.  The  mass  of  information 
collected  during  a  period  approaching  forty  years 
is  so  great,  that  though  nearly  one  hundred  pages 
are  in  type,  it  is  to  be  feared  that  no  one  will  be 
found  with  the  ability  and  leisure  to  prepare  the 
remainder  for  publication.  It  has,  therefore,  been 
decided  to  issue  '  The  Faith  and  Practise  '  without 
addition,  in  the  hope  that  at  some  time  in  the 
future  a  worthy  student  of  Nonconformist  history 
will  arise  to  complete  the  work  so  conscientiously 
begun." 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

MR.  BRADLEY  will  probably  find  what  he 
seeks,  if  it  be  the  creed  of  the  General 
Baptists,  pasted  inside  a  large  folio  Bible 
in  the  vestry  of  the  congregation  (now  non- 
Trinitarian)  meeting  in  the  old  refectory  of 
the  Black  Friars,  Canterbury. 

T.  WILSON. 


WACE  ON  THE  BATTLE  OF  HASTINGS  (10^h  S. 
iii.  407).  —  There  are  two  English  translations 
of  Wace  :  one  by  Edgar  in  prose,  and  one 
(very  free)  in  "  anapaestic  "  verse  by  Sir  A. 
Malet.  Neither  of  them  makes  much  of  the 
last  four  lines,  because  both  of  them  follow 
the  incorrect  old  text,  as  quoted  at  the 
above  reference.  The  first  eight  lines  mean  : 
"When  it  was  time  to  fight  the  battle,  on 
the  previous  night,  as  I  hear  men  tell,  the 
English  were  extremely  hilarious,  very  full 
of  laughter  and  very  cheerful.  The  whole 
night  they  ate  and  drank  :  never  throughout 
the  night  did  they  lie  in  bed.  You  might 
have  seen  them  stir  about,  skip,  dance,  and 
sing." 

For  the  rest  we  must  have  recourse  to  the 
more  correct  text  in  the  edition  by  Dr.  Hugo 
Andresen,  Heilbronn,  1879,  vol.  ii.  p.  320, 
lines  7357  -  60.  By  collating  the  various 
readings,  we  see  that  Bullie  s_tands  for  Bied 
blide,  the  Norman  for  A.-S.  leoth  blithe,  i.e., 
be  blithe,  or  be  merry.  Weissel  is  an  error 


456 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [io*  B.  m.  J™K  10. 


for  weisseil,  as  indeed  the  rime  shows ; 
and  one  MS.  has  wesse  heil,  as  two  words, 
correctly.  Laticome  is,  more  fully,  latincome, 
Norman  for  A.-S.  Icet  hine  citman,  i.e.,  let 
him  come ;  where  him  refers  to  the  cup. 
Drincheheil  is  Norman  for  drink  hid,  i.e., 
drink  hale,  drink  to  one's  health.  Drinc 
hindreivart  is  also  spelt  drinc  hidewart,  i  e., 
<3rink  hither  ward,  drink  "  towards  "  me. 
Drintome  is  also  spelt  drinctome,  Norman  for 
A.-S.  drinc  to  me,  i.e.,  drink  to  me.  Drinc 
Jielfis  also  drinc  half,  i.e.,  drink  half.  Drinc 
tome  is,  of  course,  wrong  ;  the  better  reading 
is  tode,  Norman  for  A.-S.  to  the,  i.e.,  to  thee ; 
the  sense  being  "I  drink  to  thee."  As  both 
Edgar  and  Sir  A.  Malet  make  nothing  of  this 
passage,  perhaps  the  above  explanation  may 
be  useful.  It  is  all  perfectly  clear  and  certain. 

A  last  word  as  to  wassfiil,  the  ai  in  which 
lias  never  been  properly  explained.  It  is 
now  clear  that  wassail  is  the  Norman  ^vesseil, 
or  as  one  MS.  has  it,  wesse  heil,  an  obvious 
error  for  wes  heil.  This  is  not  exactly  the 
A.-S.  ives  hal,  but  rather  its  continental 
equivalent  ;  cf.  O.  Saxon  ives  hel,  O.H.G. 
wis  heil.  The  O.  Saxon  wes  occurs  in  the 
'Heliand,'  1.  5604;  but  is  also  spelt  wis. 
Hence  in  the  'Heliand,'  1.  259,  the  Latin 
Ave  Maria  occurs  as  Jlcl  ivis  thu,  Maria; 
•where  the  A.-S.  version  has  Hal  wes  thu 
(Luke  i.  28).  This  solves  the  whole  mystery 
as  to  wassail.  It  is  not  the  true  English 
form,  but  an  equivalent  Norman  form, 
which  the  Normans  had  picked  up  on  the 
Continent.  The  A.-S.  wes  hal  would  regularly 
become  ^ves  hal  in  Northumbrian  Middle 
English,  which  accounts  for  the  Yorkshire 
ivessal  at  the  present  day. 

Let  me  add  that  the  astonishing  reading 

Drinc  folf  in  one  MS.  (in  the  last  line)  is  a 

delicious  blend  of  Drinc  full  and  Drinc  half. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

See 

"The  Conquest  of  England  |  from  Wace's  Poem 
of  the  |  Roman  de  Ron  |  now  first  translated  into 
English  Rhyme  |  by  Sir  Alexander  Malet,  Bart., 
B.A.  |  Bell  &  Daldy,  186,  Fleet  Street,  I860,"  pp.  116 

E.  MALET. 
Wrest  Wood,  Bexhill. 

SWEDISH  ROYAL  FAMILY  (10th  S.  iii.  409).— 
In  the  year  1751  Adolphus  Frederick,  Duke 
of  Holstein  Gottorp,  succeeded  to  the  throne 
of  Sweden,  being  descended  in  the  female 
line  from  the  great  Gustavus  Vasa,  whose 
surname  he  assumed  as  that  of  his  family. 
His  grandson,  Gustavus  IV.,  renounced  the 
Swedish  throne  in  1809,  and  his  children 
being  excluded  from  the  succession  by  the 
Diet,  his  uncle  was  elected  to  the  throne, 


under  the  style  and  title  of  Charles  XIII. 
The  king  having  no  children,  Jean  Baptiste 
Jules  Bernadotte,  one  of  Napoleon's  generals, 
and  Prince  of  Pontecorvo,  was  elected  Prince 
Royal  of  Sweden  on  20  August,  1810,  and  on 
5  November  following  he  was  adopted  by 
the  king.  On  the  death  of  the  latter,  5  Feb., 
1818,  he  succeeded  to  the  throneasCharles  XIV. 
The  present  King  of  Sweden  and  Norway  is 
his  grandson.  The  son  of  the  exiled  King 
Gustavus  took  the  title  of  Prince  of  Vasa, 
and  died  in  1877,  leaving  one  daughter,  the 
Princess  Carola  of  Vasa,  who  married  the 
late  King  Albert  of  Saxony.  She  was  left  a 
childless  widow  on  19  June,  1902,  and  is  now 
the  last  surviving  representative  of  the  old 
royal  house  of  Sweden. 

W.  F.  PEIDEAUX. 

The  reigning  house  is  that  of  Bernadotte. 
BRUTUS  need  only  refer  to  any  history  to 
learn  how  the  house  of  Vasa  lost  the  crown  of 
Sweden  ;  and  few  romances  excel  in  thrilling 
interest  the  life-story  of  Gustavus  III.,  with 
its  bloody  ending  by  the  assassin's  dagger  at 
the  famous  masked  ball.  All  Swedish  his- 
torians throw  the  gravest  doubts  on  the- 
paternity  of  his  supposed  son  and  successor, 
Gustavus  IV.,  who  was  eventually  deposed" 
and  driven  into  exile,  and  succeeded  by  a 
childless  uncle,  Charles  XIII.,  who  adopted 
Marshal  Bernadotte  as  his  heir.  The  Queen 
Carola  of  Saxony,  who  lately  visited  tins- 
country,  is  a  granddaughter  of  King  Gus- 
tavus IV. ;  but  the  house  of  Vasa  is  now- 
extinct  in  the  male  line.  The  present  Crown 
Princess  of  Sweden,  born  Princess  of  Baden, 
is  another  descendant  of  Gustavus  IV.  in  the- 
female  line.  H. 

NELSON  COLUMN  (10th  S.  iii.  368).— In  their 
issues  of  6  July,  1839,  both  The  Mirror  and 
The  Literary  World  published  engravings  of 
the  Nelson  memorial  from  Mr.  William 
Railton's  drawing.  In  their  descriptive  ac- 
counts of  the  memorial,  the  particulars  of 
which  were  evidently  obtained  from  Mr. 
Railton,  the  dimensions  are  given  in  both 
journals  as  follows  : — 

Base  ...  10  feet  in  height. 


Pedestal 
Base  of  column 
Shaft 
Capital 
Pedestal    ... 
Statue 


39 
9 
90 
14 
14 
17 


Total  height        ...      193  feet. 
These  were  evidently  the  dimensions  origin- 
ally decided  upon,  therefore  Weale  is  not  so 
very  far  out  in  his  statement.     Were  they 
afterwards  modified  ? 


io-s.in.JcyEio.i9Q5.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


457 


Timbs  gives  the  height  of  the  column 
as  145ft.  (5 in.;  statue  and  plinth,  17ft.  = 
162ft.  Gin.  In  Murray's  'Handbook'  the 
figures  appear  as — Column,  145  ft.,  and  statue, 
17  ft.  high.  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

In  The  Illustrated  London  News  of 
21  October,  1843,  p.  265,  there  is  a  full- page 
view  of  the  Nelson  column,  in  which,  by  the 
way,  the  lions  on  the  pedestals  are  shown 
in  situ,  and  on  the  following  page  the 
dimensions  are  given  as  follows  : — 

Feet. 

Steps 7 

Pedestal        37 

Column          105 

Tambour      ...  ...        7 


Statue 


156 
17 


Total      173 

On  p.  332  of  the  same  volume  there  is 
another  full-page  view,  showing  the  column 
surrounded  by  scaffolding,  with  the  statue  in 
position.  Before  the  statue  was  raised  it 
was  exhibited  in  the  square,  and  there  is  a 
•drawing  of  it  in  The  Illustrated  London  News 
for  4  November,  1843,  p.  289.  As  the  subject 
is  of  some  interest  just  now,  perhaps  I  may 
be  allowed  to  add  to  my  answer  that  there  is 
a  view  of  the  statue,  with  some  patriotic 
verses,  in  the  above  journal  for  29  October, 
1842,  p.  392  ;  and  in  the  issue  for  10  September 
of  the  same  year,  p.  284,  there  will  be  found 
a  woodcut  representing  the  state  of  the  work 
at  that  time.  There  is  a  fine  engraving  of 
the  square,  with  the  column  in  prominent 
position,  in  The  Art  Journal  for  April,  1850, 
p.  126,  where,  as  in  The  Illustrated  Xeus,  the 
artist  has  anticipated  the  arrival  of  the  lions. 
Some  references  to  the  column  may  be  found 
in  the  Report  of  a  Select  Committee  of  the 
House  of  Commons,  ordered  to  be  printed 
27  July,  1840  (No.  548).  The  Highgate 
Literary  and  Scientific  Society  possesses  a 
•cleverly  executed  model  of  the  column  sur- 
rounded by  scaffolding,  the  work,  I  believe, 
of  the  late  Mr.  Bodkin,  J.P.,  when  a  young 
•man.  R.  B.  P. 

THEATRE,  PARKGATE  (10th  S.  iii.  289,  355, 
597). — May  I  add  one  or  two  small  points 
to  the  replies  already  given  ?  Drury  Lane 
was  in  Parkgate.  It  has  been  a  memory  only 
ior  the  last  sixty  years,  but  its  former  situa- 
tion was  pointed  out  to  me  by  an  old  fisher- 
man a  few  days  ago.  As  noted  by  one  of 
jour  correspondents,  the  site  of  the  theatre 
is  now  covered  by  the  class-room  of  Mostyn 
School.  Ryley's  cottage  still  remains,  and  is 


known  by  the  name.  It  is  at  the  extreme 
north  of  Parkgate,  is  detached,  and  presents 
quite  a  quaint  appearance.  The  roof  is 
pyramidal,  and  at  present  the  entire  struc- 
ture— chimney-stacks,  roof,  and  cottage — is 
covered  with  whitewash.  MR.  ABRAHAMS  will 
find  a  deal  about  llyley,  and  incidentally 
about  the  Parkgate  Theatre,  on  pp.  261-78 
of  "Twixt  Mersey  and  Dee,'  by  the  late 
Mrs.  Hilda  Gamlin,  a  former  correspondent 
of  4N.  &,  Q.'  There  was  a  regular  ferry 
service  between  Parkgate  and  the  Flintshire 
coast,  which  will  explain  the  printing  of  the 
playbills  at  Holy  well.  J.  H.  K. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 
The  Principal  Navigation,  Voyages,  Traffiijites,  and 

Discovcnet  of  the  English  Nation.    By  Richard 

Hakluyt.     Vol.   XII.      (Glasgow,   MacLehose  & 

Sons.) 
HalduytiiA  Posfhumns  ;  or,  Ptirchas  his  Pilgrimex. 

By  Samuel  Purchas,   B.D.     Vols.   III.   and  IV. 

(Same  publishers.) 

SUBSCRIBERS  have  not  had  long  to  wait  for  the  con- 
cluding volume  of  this  noble  edition  of  Hakluyt. 
This  is  the  more  satisfactory,  since  the  volume  in 
question,  consisting  mainly  of  index,  is  indispensable 
to  the  complete  utilization  of  its  predecessors.  It 
is  scarcely  possible  offhand  to  do  full  justice  to  an 
index.  One  may  see  almost  at  a  glance  that  it  is 
comprehensive  or  the  reverse.  The  knowledge  how 
far  it  is  complete  and  trustworthy,  supplied  with 
adequate  cross-references  and  the  like,  is  only 
obtained  with  constant  use.  That  now  fur- 
nished occupies  346  pages  (or  about  the  average 
contents  of  an  octavo  volume).  A  better  idea 
of  its  dimensions  may  be  obtained  from  the 
fact  that  Sir  Francis  Drake  alone  tills  a  column 
and  a  half,  and  has  one  hundred  and  twenty 
references.  It  is,  moreover,  far  from  being  the 
longest  article.  A  useful  feature  at  the  end  is  a 
separate  index  to  ships.  Familiar  enough  are  the 
names  of  many  of  them — as  the  Defiance,  somewhile 
Drake's  flagship  :  Sir  Richard  Greuville's  immortal 
Revenge  ;  Frobisher's  Bear  and  Sir  Robert  Dudley's 
Bear's  Whelp  ;  Thomas  Cavendish's  Desire  ;  and  Sir 
Humphrey  Gilbert's  Delight.  Some  of  the  names 
are  quaint  enough— as  the  Earwig.  The  illustrations 
consist  of  a  plan  of  Westminster,  1593,  by  John 
Norden  ;  a  plan  of  London,  1573,  from  a  copy  of  the 
'  Civitates  Orbis  Terrarum';  and  a  facsimile  of  a 
letter  from  Richard  Hakluyt  to  Sir  Francis  Wal- 
singham,  1  April,  1584,  of  highest  interest. 

The  remainder  of  the  volume  is  occupied  by  a 
communication  by  which  we  were  at  first  misled. 
This  is  an  essay  on  '  The  English  Voyages  of  the 
Sixteenth  Century '  by  Walter  Ralei«h,  whom  for 
a  single  moment  we  mistook  for  his  illustrious 
namesake  and  predecessor.  This  concise  and  well- 
written  contribution  forms  an  admirable  introduc- 
tion to  the  study  of  Hakluyt.  In  some  hundred 
and  twenty  pages  Prof.  Raleigh  supplies  a  key  to 
the  unity  of  purpose  in  the  great  work  of  Hakluyt, 
disentangling  and  separating  the  single  thread  of 
interest  running  through  all  the  pilgrimages ;  show- 


458 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io«-  s.  in.  g UNE  10, 1905. 


ing  the  illusions  to  which  explorers,  from  Columbus 
downwards,  were  subject,  and  the  way  in  which 
one  country  after  another  took  the  lead  in  that 
struggle  for  commercial  supremacy  and  the  control 
of  the  traffic  with  the  East  which  led  to  unpre- 
cedented and  undreamt-of  discoveries ;  the  wild 
search  after  the  Earthly  Paradise  by  which  Colum- 
bus was  deluded  ;  the  long-continued  dream  of  a 
North-West  passage  ;  and  the  insensate  and  mur- 
derous pursuit  of  gold.  Hakluyt  is  sensible  of 
English  misdeeds,  and  complains  that  whereas 
Spain  and  Portugal  breed  no  pirates— perhaps  an 
overbold  assertion — "  we  and  the  French  are  most 
infamous  for  our  outrageous,  common,  and  daily 
piracies."  Prof.  Raleigh  chronicles  afresh  some  of 
the  noblest  utterances  of  the  navigators :  Master 
Thome's  magnificent  declaration  concerning  Eng- 
lishmen that  "  there  is  no  land  uninhabitable  and  no 
sea  unnavigable,"  and  Gilbert's  immortal  declara- 
tion that  "we  are  as  near  to  Heaven  by  sea  as  by 
land."  Outside  Shakespeare  there  is  no  better  or 
more  inspiriting  book  to  read. 

The  latest  volumes  of  '  Hakluytus  Posthumus ' 
are  principally  occupied  with  Eastern  exploration, 
and  treat  largely  of  our  difficulties  with  the  Portu- 
guese, who  are  as  high-handed  and  insolent  (we  use 
conventional  terms  of  disparagement)  in  the  Eastern 
world  as  the  Spaniards  were  in  the  West.  No 
attempt  is,  of  course,  made  to  look  at  questions 
of  justice  or  right  from  any  but  a  purely  English 
standpoint.  Though  sad  for  the  most  part,  these 
records  are  deeply  interesting,  and  supply  some 
early  pictures  of  social  life.  In  the  English  voyages 
beyond  the  East  Indies  to  the  "Hands  of  Japan," 
£c.,we  find,  in  a  truly  "imperial"  and— shall  we 
say?  —  Jingo  spirit,  our  "just  Commerce  nobly 
vindicated  against  Turkish  Treachery,  victoriously 
defended  against  Portugall  Hostility,  gloriously 
advanced  against  Moorish  and  Ethnike  Perfidie  ; 
hopefully  recovering  from  Dutch  Malignitie  ;  justly 
maintained  against  ignorant  and  malicious  Ca- 
lumnie  " — surely  "  a  lame  and  impotent  conclusion." 
It  is  amusing  to  find  the  "Japonians"  "terrific 
and  skare"  the  children,  as  the  French  sometimes 
did  theirs,  with  the  name  of  the  Lord  Talbot. 
Under  present  conditions,  when  attention  is  so 
closely  directed  to  the  East,  the  appearance  of 
these  volumes  is  most  opportune. 

Luard  Memorial  Series. — Vol.  111.  Grace  Bool-  B. 
Part  II.  Edited  for  the  Cambridge  Antiquarian 
Society,  with  Introduction,  by  Mary  Bateson. 
(Cambridge,  University  Press.) 
WE  noticed  at  9th  S.  xii.  499  Part  I.  of  this  collection. 
Part  II.,  now  before  us,  consists  of  the  accounts  of 
the  Cambridge  proctors  from  1311  to  1544.  The 
entries  which  these  officials  made  as  a  whole  are 
dull,  but  the  very  interesting  light  which  they  throw 
here  and  there  on  the  early  history  of  Cambridge 
fully  justifies  their  publication.  They  are  mostly 
in  Latin,  some  of  it  of  a  mediaeval  character,  which 
•will  puzzle  the  pattern  classical  scholar  of  to-day  ; 
but  Miss  Bateson's  admirable  introduction  will 
reveal  to  the  ordinary  reader  the  main  points  with 
which  they  deal.  The  monastic  system,  which  had 
its  merits  for  men  of  learning,  has  long  disappeared, 
but  the  "  Dolphin,"  a  Cambridge  inn  here  men- 
tioned, survived,  we  think,  till  the  nineteenth 
century,  and  Sturbridge  Fair,  a  great  source  of 
dispute,  figured  in  the  same  period  in  the  Cam- 
bridge official  '  Calendar,'  as  if  it  was  a  saint's  day. 
Gifts  of  fish  to  eminent  persons  are  very  often  men- 


tioned, and  we  imagine  that  the  Cam  offered  good 
sport,  being  much  cleaner  at  this  time  than  in 
modern  days,  in  which  it  has  been  described  as  a 
"distended  drain."  In  1521  a  charge  is  entered 
for  drink  and  expenses  at  the  burning  of  Luther's 
books,  and  in  the  same  year  Cambridge  represen- 
tatives went  to  London  to  flatter  Wolsey  and 
arrange  for  the  suitable  denigration  of  the  reformer 
who  was  to  make  the  biggest  protest  in  the  world's 
history.  Twenty  years  later  we  find  a  payment 
for  the  transcription  of  the  Chancellor's  edict  on 
the  pronunciation  of  Latin  and  Greek.  A  similar 
edict  nowadays,  if  arranged  among  our  chief  uni- 
versities, would  save  a  good  deal  of  unedifying  con- 
fusion among  scholars  young  and  old.  We  give 
a  few  items  gathered  here  and  there  of  sums  paid  : 
20*'.  for  inquiries  concerning  vagabonds  and  light 
women  ;  3-y.  3d.  for  "gaugyng  yrena"  ;  18s-.  3d.  for  a* 
pike  (Input),  a  tench,  and  a  bream,  given  to  the 
Duke  of  Norfolk  ;  2*-.  3il.  for  a  rope  to  pull  a  bell  ; 
and  3s.  IQd.  for  cleaning  the  schools.  The  index. is, 
as  before,  admirable,  and  it  is  not  too  much  to  say 
that  it  forms  a  series  of  academic  biographies  in 
which  the  bare  hints  of  the  text  are  skilfully  re- 
corded, and  the  confusions  caused  by  variations  of 
spelling  are  skilfully  unravelled.  Places  and  things, 
too,  figure  here.  Thus  we  are  referred  to  "  Mid- 
sun)  mer  Fair,"  the  memory  of  which  is  still  pre- 
served in  the  "Midsummer  Common"  of  to-day, 
and  to  chains  for  books  under  '  Library.'  There  are 
considerable  expenses  for  lead  (p.  209),  not  entered, 
under  the  same  heading ;  and  we  notice  that  the 
plumber's  two  servants  got  fourpence  "  to  buy  t hem- 
gloves  with."  A  third  volume,  Book  f,  is  pro- 
mised to  complete  this  valuable  series. 

Visitation  of  Ireland.    Edited  by  Frederick  Arthur 

Crisp.  Vol.  IV.  (Privately  printed.) 
MR.  CRISP'S  sumptuous  volumes,  privately  issued 
from  what  is  known  as  the  Grove  Park  Press,  are 
the  delight  of  the  bibliophile,  and  the  indispensable 
companion  of  the  genealogist,  the  herald,  and  the 
historian.  The  first  volume  of  the  'Visitation  of 
Ireland,'  the  joint  production  of  Mr.  Crisp  and  the- 
late  Dr.  Howard,  was  issued  in  1897.  Vols.  II.  and 
III.  appearing  at  subsequent  dates,  Vol.  IV.  being 
herewith  presented,  and  Vol.  V.  in  the  press.  The 
earlier  volumes  have  not  come  in  our  way,  though 
other  works,  kindred  in  aim  and  in  excellence  of 
execution,  have  reached  us.  See  9th  S.  xi.  360  and; 
458.  Each  of  these  contained  portraits,  pedigrees, 
and  coats  of  arms,  together  with  autographs, 
book-plates,  and  other  illustrations.  Among  those 
families  pedigrees  of  which  are  supplied  in  the 
present  volume  are  the  Earl  of  Annesley,  Lord 
Athlumney,  the  Earl  of  Cavan,  Viscount  Dillon, 
the  Earl  of  Gosford,  and  the  Earl  of  Wicklow, 
together  with  Blake  of  Corbally,  Bowen  of  Bowed'* 
Court,  Greene  of  Millbrook  and  of  Hallahoise, 
Lyon  of  Old  Park,  and  O'Donovan  of  Clan  Cathel 
the  illustrations  including  book-plates  of  Swanzy  of 
Newry,  co.  Armagh,  John  Sandes  of  Greenville, 
Alfred  Molony  of  Cragg,  Sir  Edward  Thomas 
Bewley,  James  J.  Fuller,  and  Luke  Gerald  Dillon. 
Full  armorial  bearings  are  to  be  found  of  the 
various  noblemen  mentioned,  together  with  those 
of  Sir  Henry  Arthur  Blake,  G.C.M.G.  There  are 
in  addition  silhouettes  of  Edward  and  Mary  Bew- 
ley, and  armorial  coats  and  autographs  of  the 
families  named.  In  every  case  the  pedigrees,  a» 
in  the  older  visitations,  start  with  the  grandparents 
of  the  representatives  of  the  family,  and  contain 


io*B.in.Jr>"Bio,i9c&]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


459 


notices  of  all  the  descendants  of  their  name,  the 
record  thus  supplied  extending  in  many  cases  over 
five  generations.  The  arms  of  which  illustrations 
are  furnished  are  in  all  cases  on  view  at  Ulster's 
Office.  The  Heralds'  Visitations  of  which  a  record 
is  given  are  those  of  the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth 
centuries.  Under  Molony  of  Cragg,  co.  Clare,  we 
meet  with  the  curious  female  Christian  name  Dil- 
liana,  which  we  do  not  remember  to  have  previously 
encountered.  It  is  apparently  a  family  name,  since 
Jane  Dilliana  subsequently  occurs.  Everina,  which 
is  also  met  with,  is  likewise  unconimon.  A  long 
list  of  additions  and  corrections  brings  up  to  date 
the  information  in  the  previous  volumes,  and 
gives  particulars,  amidst  other  matters,  of  the 
recent  and  lamented  deaths  of  Viscount  Powers- 
court  and  Lord  Rowton.  Iti  all  typographical 
and  other  respects  the  volume  is  admirable.  It  is 
encouraging  to  subscribers  to  know  that  the  earlier 
volumes  are  now  scarce  and  only  obtainable  at 
enhanced  prices. 

The  Bernards  of  Abington  and  Nether  Winchen'Ion. 
By  Mrs.  Napier  Higgius.  Vols.  III.  and  IV. 
(Longmans  <fe  Co.) 

A  YEAR  and  a  half's  time  has  sufficed  Mrs.  Napier 
Higgius    to  bring  to  a  conclusion  the  important 
family  history  she  has  undertaken.    To  the  opening 
instalment    of    her    account    of    the    Bernards    of  i 
Abington  and  Nether  Wincheudon  we  drew  atten-  ; 
tipn  (9th  8.  xii.  239),  stating  at  the  time  that  the 
historian  is  the  last  scion  of  the  last  branch  of  the 
distinguished  family  the   deeds  of  which  she  has  i 
undertaken  to  chronicle.    The  later  volumes  are 
less  stirring  than   the  earlier,   which   have    keen  i 
historic  interest,  and  throw  a  bright  light  upon  the  > 
relations  between   England    and   America    in   the  i 
period  of  revolt.     With  the  death  in  1779  of  Sir  ' 
Francis    Bernard,    whilom     Governor    of    Massa-  i 
chusetts  Bay,  the  most  distinguished  member  of 
the  family,  the  second  volume  broke  off.     In  the 
two  following  and    concluding    volumes  we  hear 
little   concerning  America,   but    are    still   in    the  ; 
domain  of  politics.     These  are,  however,  domestic  j 
and  peaceful,  the  later  members  of  the  house  being 
principally  conspicuous  for  the  share  they  took  in 
movements  intended  to  alleviate  human  sufferings,  ', 
and  in  work  generally  of   the  most   humane  and  i 
enlightened  character.      Apart  from    the  pleasing 
pictures  now  furnished  upon  the  state  of  society  in 
the  early  portion  of  the  last  century,  some  light  is 
cast    upon     literary    subjects  —  Fanny    Burney's 
'Diary'  among  others.     We  cannot  but   believe, 
though  we  may  be  wrong,  that  the  Col.  Gwynne 
in   whose  behalf  George  III.   interferes  (vol.   iii. 
p.    115),    to    the    annoyance   of    the    Marquess   of 
Buckingham,  is  the  Col.  Gwyn  whose  name  is  of 
frequent  occurrence    in   Fanny's  pages  during  her 
life    at    Court.     Coleridge    is    come    across    as    a 
lecturer,  and  also  as  a  conversationalist.    In  the 
former  respect  he  does   not    seem    to   have  been 
wholly  trustworthy,  indisposition  and   "habitual 
indolence'1    rendering    his    appearance   uncertain. 
As  a  conversationalist  it  is  said  of  him  :  "I  shall 
never  forget  the  effect  his  conversation  made  upon 
me  at  the  iirst  meeting.    It  struck  me  as  something 
not  only  quite  out  of  the  ordinary  course  of  things, 
but  as  an  intellectual  exhibition  altogether  match- 
less  The  orator  rolled  himself  up,  as  it  were, 

in  his  chair,  and  gave  the  most  unrestrained 
indulgence  to  his  speech — and  how  fraught  with 
acuteness  and  originality  was  that  speech,  and  in 


what  copious  and  elegant  periods  did  it  flow  !  The- 
auditors  seemed  to  be  rapt  in  wonder  and  delight." 
Among  things  established  by  Sir  Thomas  Bernard 
were  the  Alfred  Club  and  the  Alfred  Theatre. 
More  information  concerning  both  seems  desirable.. 
Of  the  Alfred  Theatre,  which  had  apparently  but 
a  short  existence,  we  have  not  previously  heard. 
In  an  appendix  is  an  animated  account  from 
Francis  Bernard,  an  eyewitness,  of  the  first  O.P- 
riots  at  Covent  Garden.  An  anonymous  corre- 
spondent from  Paris  of  Scrope  Bernard  furnishes  a. 
striking  picture  of  the  state  of  France  during  the 
early  days  of  the  Revolution,  and  of  the  "general 
infatuation"  prevailing  in  1791  from  Calais  to- 
Paris.  Sir  Thomas  Bernard,  after  whom  Bernard> 
Street  is  named,  was  treasurer  of  the  Foundling 
Hospital,  and  aided  largely  in  the  augmentation  of 
its  funds.  It  is  sad  to  hear  of  the  infant  mortality 
caused  by  the  early  arrangements.  At  the  close 
of  1757  it  was  found  that  out  of  5,618  infants  re- 
ceived 2,311  had  died.  Children  were  committed 
for  delivery  to  the  common  carrier,  with  the  result 
that  out  of  eight  children  brought  from  the  country 
at  the  same  time  seven  died,  the  eighth  being  saved* 
by  its  mother,  who  followed  the  waggon  on  foot 
and  administered  to  it  occasional  nourishment.. 
Infants  were  brought  from  Yorkshire  in  paniers- 
by  men  on  horseback.  A  travelling  tinker,  paid  a. 
guinea  to  carry  up  a  child,  tied  a  stone  round  its- 
neck  and  drowned  it.  Of  no  special  significance- 
in  themselves,  these  narrations  serve  to  show  the 
kind  of  matter  with  which  Mrs.  Higgins's  book 
overflows.  We  congratulate  her  heartily  on  its 
completion,  and  commend  it  to  all  who  seek  side- 
lights on  history  and  social  life  and  customs. 

THE  frontispiece  to  the  June  number  of  The  Bur- 
lington Magazine  consists  of  a  superb  reproduction 
of  Jan  van  Meer's  '  The  Soldier  and  the  Laughing 
Girl.'  The  art  of  Constantin  Meunier,  the  painter 
par  excellence,  of  labour,  is  the  subject  of  two  essays,. 
one  by  Prof.  Petrucci,  dealing  with  the  man,, 
the  second  by  Mr.  Charles  Ricketts,  on  his  place  in. 
art.  Reproductions  are  given  of  his 'Interior  of  a 
Colliery,' '  Furnaces '  (supremely  vigorous),  'Puddler- 
Resting '  (in  bronze),  'Miners '(in  water  colours), 
'  The  Soil,'  and  the  '  Marteleur,'  all  of  them  having 
singular  interest.  Sir  Henry  Maunde  Thompson 
describes  the  precious  Rothschild  MS.  in  the  British 
Museum  of  'LesCasdes  Mai  heureux  Nobles  Homines 
et  Femmes,'  a  work  the  indirect  source  of  Lydgate's 
'Falls  of  Princes.'  The  period  of  the  MS.  is  sup- 
posedly 1470-80.  The  miniatures  are  the  work  of 
French  artists,  and  six  of  the  most  striking  are 
reproduced.  They  are  profoundly  interesting  and 
curious,  and  the  description  of  them  may  be  read- 
with  much  pleasure  and  advantage. 

THERE  is  a  decided  "  boom  "  in  Trollope's  novels, 
which  have  been  much  discussed  of  late.  An  article 
in  praise  of  them  appears  from  the  pen  of  Mr.  F.  G. 
Bettany  in  The  Fortnightly.  Dr.  Garnett  and  Prof. 
Saintsbury  have  decried  Trollope,  while  Mr.  Henry 
James  and  Mr.  G.  S.  Street  are  among  his  eulogists. 
We  are  personally  on  the  side  of  the  latter.  Another 
interesting  literary  article  is  that  by  Mr.  F.  S.  A. 
Lowndes  on  'The  Literary  Associations  of  the 
American  Embassy.'  These,  beginning  with  Wash- 
ington Irving,  comprise,  of  course,  Russell  Lowell, 
John  Hay,  Motley,  Bancroft,  Hawthorne,  Bret 
Harte,  and  others.  Rooted  in  old-world  tradition, 
and  ranking  social  position  before  literature,  our 
own  Government,  of  whatever  party,  will  be  long. 


460 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io*  s.  in.  JUNE  10, 1905. 


before  it  recognizes  in  letters  a  qualification  for 
•office.  In  '  The  Ethics  of  Don  Juan '  Mr.  Maurice 
Oerothwohl  deals  specially  with  the  creation  of 
Tirso  da  Molina  and  of  Moliere,  which  forms  a  sort 
of  parallel  to  '  Faust.'  He  quotes  from  M.  Albert 
iSamain  some  admirable  lines  descriptive  of  the 
gallant  of  the  great  or  lesser  Trianon  : — 

Tout  un  monde  galant,  vif,  brave,  exquis  et  fou, 

Avec  sa  fine  epee  en  verrouil,  et  surtout 

•Ce  mepris  de  la  mort,  comme  une  fleur,  aux  levres. 

((Where  are  they  to  be  found?)  'Paris  and  CEnone' 
is  a  species  of  dramatic  idyl  by  Mr.  Laurence 
Binyon.—  Bishop  Welldon  lias  a  deeply  interesting 
paper  in  The  Nineteenth  Century  on  'The  Fate  of 
Oliver  Cromwell's  Remains.'  The  conclusion  at 
which  the  writer  arrives  is  that  these  are  now 
hopelessly  lost;  that  the  body  was  privately  buried 
in  Westminster  Abbey,  that  it  was  removed  to 
Tyburn  and  there  decapitated  and  buried,  that 
the  trunk  remained  where  it  was  placed  beneath 
the  site  of  Tyburn.  There  it  has  presumably 
•mouldered  away,  and  is  now  irrecoverable,  as  is  the 
head,  which,  after  being  exposed  in  Westminster 
Hall  more  than  twenty  years,  disappeared,  and  has 
not  since  been  seen.  These  conclusions  are  unwel- 
come to  the  Bishop,  and  will  be — so  he  holds — to 
many  others.  For  ourselves,  if  the  spirit  still 
survive,  we  can  dispense  with  the  corpse.  Mr. 
.John  Fyvie  is  severe  on  '  The  Ethological  Society 
and  the  Revival  of  Phrenology.'  His  article  sup- 
plies interesting  information,  not  generally  acces- 
sible, on  the  growth  and  development  of  the  belief 
in  phrenology.  Mrs.  Villiers  Hemming  gives  a 
.good  account  of  the  old  Festival  of  Fools.  Miss 
Yonge,  in  '  Some  Royal  Love-Letters,'  deals  with 
the  curious  and  not  wholly  edifying  correspondence 
•between  Henry  VIII.  and  Anne  Boleyn,  recently 
included  in  the  publications  of  the  De  La  More 
Press.  Much  to  interest  will  be  found  in  Mr. 
•Coulton's  '  Autobiography  of  a  Wandering  Friar.'— 
The  Queen  of  Roumania  writes  in  The  National 
Review  on  *  The  Vocation  of  Women.'  As  this, 
according  to  her  Majesty,  is  "simply  motherhood," 
it  is  scarcely  to  be  expected  that  her  views  will  be 
acceptable  to  the  loudest  advocates  of  women's 
rights.  Coming  from  a  serious  source,  some  of  the 
•statements,  such  as  "  If  only  women  did  not  require 
such  costly  toilettes  they  would  never  be  under  the 
necessity  of  working  for  their  own  living,"  impress 
us.  Some  sensible  counsel  is  offered  to  women. 
'Candid  Impressions  of  England,'  by  a  German 
Resident,  hits  some  blots  in  our  national  conduct. 
We  read  the  truth,  but  —  thank  God!  —  not  the 
whole  truth.  Newspaper  utterances,  the  insig- 
nificance and  ignorance  of  which  the  initiate  know, 
are  treated  as  representatively  national.  Dr.  George 
Brandes  has  an  important  article  on  Maxim  Gorki. 
We  fail  to  grasp  the  entire  significance  of  '  The 
Spirit  of  the  Piano.' — '  A  Glimpse  of  the  Exiled 
Stuarts,'  in  the  Cornhill,  an  article  contributed  by 
the  Rev.  W.  H.  Hutton,  gives  a  very  interesting 
account  of  the  presence  at  a  Roman  ball  of  the 
Pretender,  his  two  sons,  and  the  Prince  of  Poland. 
The  letter,  extracts  from  which  are  furnished,  is 
from  Samuel  Crisp,  the  "Daddy  Crisp"  whose  name 
occurs  so  frequently  and  so  pleasantly  in  the 
memoirs  of  Fanny  D'Arblay.  '  Gastronomic  Diva- 
gations,' by  Mr.  Alexander  Innes  Shand,  is  chiefly 
devoted  to  the  eulogy  of  Scottish  provisions  and 
cuisine.  It  might  have  been  suggested  by  the  great 
lyric  beginning : — 


The  mountain  sheep  were  sweeter, 
But  the  valley  sheep  were  fatter; 

We  therefore  thought  it  meeter 

To  feed  upon  the  latter. 

'  Wild  Animals  as  Parents '  gives  an  excellent 
account  of  the  efforts  made  by  timid  and  defenceless 
creatures  to  protect  their  young,  the  heroism  that 
will  make  a  thrush  attack  a  magpie  or  a  rook,  and 
a  doe  rabbit  drive  off  a  stoat.  It  also  describes  the 
OMtistorgf,  the  driving  away  of  the  infant  by  its 
parents.  '  The  Old  Woman  of  Wessel '  is  a  grim 
story  by  the  Rev.  S.  Baring-Gould.  Part  II.  of 
'  From  a  College  Window  '  shows  how  to  get  old- 
er^ forty,  which  the  writer  thinks  so — graciously. 
— To  The  ^Gentleman's  Mr.  Holden  MacMichael 
sends  the  sixth  part  of  his  'Charing  Cross  and  its 
Immediate  Neighbourhood,'  which  shows  nofalling- 
off  in  interest.  'An  African  Pompeii'  describes 
Timegad,  the  Thamutada  of  Ptolemy.  Dr.  Japp 
supplies  the  '  Mottoes  of  Noble  Houses.'  The  noble 
"  Fuimus"  of  the  Bruces  is  rapidly  dismissed.  The 
Horatian  motto  of  Lord  Listowel  might,  with 
advantage,  include  "  et  arceo."  '  Johnson  and  Bos- 
well  in  Scotland '  is  good,  and  '  The  Ward  of 
Vintry'  antiquarian.  —  In  Longman's  Mr.  Lang 
records  an  interesting  discovery  of  a  miniature 
of  Mary  Stuart,  which,  he  holds,  does  justice  to 
her  beauty  and  charm.  We  are  convinced  that 
he  is  right,  and  are  sorry  we  cannot  give  the 
whole  of  his  argument.  On  the  back  of  the  minia- 
ture are  the  words  "Virtutis  Amore,"  which  he 
regards  as  an  anagram  of  Marie  Stouart.  '  A  Dis- 
tinguished Librarian '  givee  an  account  of  Arthur 
Strong,  Librarian  of  the  House  of  Lords.  '  A  Tenant 
Farmer's  Diary  of  the  Eighteenth  Century '  is 
amusing. — Among  many  stories  in  The  Idler  comes 
'The  Passing  of  Ancient  Towns,'  which  is  anti- 
quarian both  in  letterpress  and  illustrations. 


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repared  to  SUBMIT  ESTIMATES  for  all  kinds  i,f  BOOK.  NEWS 
nd  PERIODICAL  PRINTING.  — 13,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 

Lane,  E.C. 

T'UNBRIDGE  WELLS.— APARTMENTS.     Com- 
fortably  Furnished  Sitting-Room  and   One  Bedroom.    Pleasant 
and  central.    No  others  takeo.-R.  H.,  60,  Grove  Hill  Road.  Tunbridge 
Wells. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,      no"  s.  in.  JOSE  17,  im 

THE     ATHEN5IUM 

JOURNAL  OF  ENGLISH  AND  FOREIGN  LITERATURE,  SCIENCE, 
THE  FINE  ARTS,  MUSIC,  AND  THE  DRAMA. 


THIS  WEEK'S  ATHEKS1UM  contains  Articles  on 

MEMORIES  of  LIFE  at  OXFORD  and  ELSEWHERE. 

The  UPTON  LETTKRS.        The  MASAI,  THEIR  LANGUAGE  and  FOLK-LORE. 

MEMOIRS  of  a  ROYAL  CHAPLAIN.        BYWAYS  in  the  CLASSICS. 

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of  LOVKRS.  The  ADVENTURES  of  an  EQUERRY.  A  WOMAN  and  her  TALENT. 
The  MIDDLE  WALL.  The  KING'S  FRIEND.  AVANT  L'HEURE. 

RUSSIA  and  the  TSAR.        TRANSLATIONS. 

CARTHUSIAN  MEMORIES  SPRING  in  a  SHROPSHIRE  ABBEY.  The  BRITISH  ARMY, 
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SALKM.   JOHN  HOWES'  MO.,  1582.    A  SECOND  LATIN  COURSE.     HELEN  MURDOCH. 

REPRINTS.     The  MOSAIC. 
STEVENSON'S    OCCASIONAL    PAPERS.         'FROM    TOKYO    to   TIFLIS.'        The    MYSTERY   of 

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MEDIAEVAL  ART.        ARCHAEOLOGICAL  NOTES. 
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MADAME  SANS-GENE.     'Ihe  MAN  of  the  MOMENT. 


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NAPOLRON  :  the  FIRST  PHASE.        CITY  DEVELOPMENT. 
R.  L.  STEVENSON'S  ESSAYS  of  TRAVrfL. 
SOM3  NEW  VERSES  by  OMAR  KHAYYAM. 
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in  the  PEAK. 


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And  of  all   Newsagent*. 

BOOKSELLERS'    CATALOGUES    (JUNE). 


WILLIAM     BROWN, 

25,  PRINCES  STREET, 

AN  ILLUSTRATED 

Coatainin s  choice  Items  and  Bibliographical  Raritit-s  from 
the  LUiraries  of  tl.e  late  JOHN  SCOTT,  C  B.,  and  other 
esteemed  Oolite* ors. 

Among  the  Contents  a>-e  many  Family  Histories ;  scarce 
B  >oks  relative  to  Ma--y  Queen  of  Scots,  John  Kciox,  the 
Jacobite  Risings,  the  Darien  Expedition,  &c. ;  together 
with  Sets  of  the  Publications  of  the  Bannatyne  Club, 
(Scottish  History  Society,  Scottish  Text  Society,  and  Percy 
Society 

There  are  also  included  First  Editions  of  English  Writers  ; 


No.  477.  1905. 


THEOLOGICAL    BOOKS, 

English  and  Foreign,  Old  and  Modern, 

INCLUDING  A  NUMBER  OF  IMPORTANT  DUPLICATES 

FROM  THE  LIBRARY  OF  A  WELL-KNOWN 

RELIGIOUS  HOUSE. 

On  Sale  at  the  very  Moderate  Prices  affixed  by 


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Volumes  on  Sport;  and  a  unique  Collection  of  Books  ou   !       rrn     -vciYiT-iir  A  v    t.rpT>T?t?rr     T  r»v  "nrvvr     TIT 
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10*8.  in.  JCSE  17,  iocs.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


461 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  JUNE  17,  1905. 


CON.TBNTS.-Na  77. 

NOTES  :—  William  Waynflete,  461  —  Sir  Thomas  Phillipps 
and  his  Library,  4-2-Sir  James  Lnwrence's  'Empire  of 
the  Nairs,'  4*3  —  Incledon  :  Cooke—  Keats's  '  Grecian  Urn  '  : 
the  Heifer—  Local  Records,  4-U—  Yorkshire  Wills—  Super- 
•etitions  of  Trades  and  Callings—  Rogationtide  at  Ufford— 
Kussian  Proper  Names—"  Arch,"  4-55—  Name  Coincidences 

—  Young  and   Burns  —  Cape   Hoorii—  Bellringing-  Crom- 
well Fleetwood,  4*6. 

QUERIES  :  —  Knights  Templars  —  Hermitage,  Harrow- 
Newport  Family  —  "Warkamoowee,"  4-37  —  St.  Paul's 
Cathedral—"  lu  antient  days,  when  Dame  Eliza  reign'd" 

—  Child    executed    for  Witchcraft—  Gosnold  Portrait  — 
Caldwell  Fami1y-Ji)hn  Hazlitt  and  Samuel  Sharwood  — 
•'Who  pays  the  piper  calls  the  tune"  —  Job  Heath.  468  — 
Authors  of  Quotations  Wanted  —  Rates  in  Aid—  Keats's 
•Grecian  Urn':  its  D<ite-Lundy  Island—  'The  Missal'— 

—  Sir  George  Uavies,  Bart.  —  Tombola  Concerts—  Peter 
Persehouse.  469  -D'Avaux—  Parker  Family,  470. 

HKPLIE3  :  -Sarah  Curran,  Robert  Emmet,  and  Major  Sirr, 
470—  Philippina  :  Philop«jna,  471  —  Benson  Earle  Hill— 
Madame  Vinlante  in  Edinburgh  —  Guinea  Balances  — 
Prisoners'  Clothes  as  Perquisites  —  Sixteenth-  Century 
Kconomist,  472  —  "Allen"  —  Bibliographical  Queries  — 
York,  1517  and  1540  -Longman,  Barrel-Organ  Builder,  473 

—  Mr.   Moxhay.  Leicester  Square   Showman  —  Spenser's 

•  Epithalamion'  —  "Wrong    side    of    the    bed"  —  Mary 
Masters,   474  —  Suppression  of    Duelling  in   England  — 
"  Goyle  "—  Tunbridge  Wells  and  District.  475—"  In  cauda 
venenum  "  —  Norman   Inscriptions  in  Yorkshire  —  '  The 
Streets  of  London'—  "Guardings,"  476—  "May-dewing  "— 
Haswell  Familv—  Maiden  Lane,  Maiden,  477. 

HOTES  ON  BOOKS  :—'  Minor  Poets  of  the  Caroline  Period' 

—  Gomperz's   'Greek    Thinkers'  —  'Charles   Kingsley  to 
James  Thomson'  —  Methueu's  "Standard    Library"  — 

*  The  Plays  of  Sheridan.' 
Booksellers'  Catalogues. 
Notices  to  Correspondents. 


WILLIAM  WAYNFLETE. 
So  little  is  known  for  certain  about  the 
early  career  of  this  great  bishop,  the  founder 
of  Magdalen  College,  Oxford,  that  an  attempt 
to  help  in  the  clearing  up  even  of  one  small 
matter  of  doubt  will  probably  be  welcome. 
In  July,  1429,  Robert  Fitzhugh.  who  two 
years  later  was  promoted  to  the  see  of 
London,  was  about  to  start  upon  an  embassy 
to  Home,  and  his  retinue  was  to  include  one 
"  William  Waynflete,  in  legibus  bacallarius  " 
('  -Proceedings  of  the  Privy  Council,'  iii.  347). 
Some  writers,  like  the  late  M.  E.  C.  Walcott 
in  his  '  William  of  Wykeham  and  his 
Colleges'  (p.  365),  have  identified  this 
William  Waynflete  with  the  future  bishop. 
Others,  including  the  writer  of  the  article 
on  the  bishop  in  the  'D.X.B.,'  have  regarded 
the  identification  as  probably  incorrect. 
Xow  Fitzhugh,  when  he  set  out  for  Rome, 
•was  warden  of  King's  Hall,  Cambridge, 
having  been  appointed  such  in  July,  1424 
('•Calendar  of  Patent  Rolls,  1422-29')  ;  and  if 
there  was  a  William  Waynflete  amongst  the 
scholars  or  fellows  of  this  hall  in  1429,  the 
inference  that  he  was  the  man  selected  to 
accompany  Fitzhugh  seems  irresistible.  I 
am  indebted  to  Mr.  A.  E.  Stamp,  of  the 


Record  Office,  for  drawing  my  attention  to 
some  documents  there  which  furnish  the 
names  of  members  of  the  hall :  'Accounts,' 
&c.  (Exchequer,  Q.R.),  Bundle  348,  Nos.  31 
and  33.  No.  31  contains  an  account  by  Fitz- 
hugh of  the  moneys  received  by  him  as 
warden  ;  No.  33  contains  a  like  account  by 
his  successor,  Richard  Gaud  ray  ;  and  these 
accounts  include  the  following  entries,  which 
have  not  hitherto,  I  believe,  been  mentioned 
in  print :  — 

[Xo.  31.]  "Et  in  consimilibus  vadiis  ipsius  nuper 
custodis  et  xxxi  scolarium  existencium  in  collegio 
predicto  a  predicto  vto  die  Marcii  dicto  anno  vito 
usque  vitura  diem  eiusdem  mensis  tune  proximo 
sequentem,  quo  die  [i.e.,  6  March,  1427/8]  Willel- 
mus  Waynflete  receptus  fuit  loco  predict!  Johannis 
Bank  per  breve  Regis  de  private  sigillo  suo  dat. 
xiiimo  die  Marcii  anno  vto  prefato  custodi  directum 
et  penes  has  particulas  remanens  :*  scilicet  per 
unurn  diem  v  sol.  vi  den. —per  breve  et  sacrimeutum 
predictum."  [The  warden  was  allowed  4rf.  a  day, 
and  each  scholar  "2d. :  hence  the  sum  of  5s.  &7.  ] 

[No.  33.]  " et  in  consimilibus  vadiis  ipsius 

custodis  et  xxxii  scholarium  existencium  in  collegio 
predicto  a  predicto  vii  die  Marcii  anno  xiimo  usque 
tertium  diem  Aprilis  ex  tune  proximo  sequentem, 
quo  die  [i.e ,  3  April,  1434]  locus  quern  Wijlelmus 
Waynflete  habuit  in  collegio  vacavit  et  Ricardus 
Cost  admissus  fuit  loco  eiusdem  Willelmi " 

Was  this  William  Waynflete,  scholar  of 
King's  Hall  1428-34,  the  future  bishop]  It 
hardly  seems  likely  that  he  was,  for  these 
reasons  : — 

1.  Cambridge  has  never,  I  believe,  claimed 
the  bishop  as  an  alumnus.     Oxford,  on  the 
other    hand,    did    so    in    his    lifetime ;    as 
appears  from  the  following  extract  from  a 
letter  which  that  university  sent  to  him  iu 
1447,   while  he   was   yet    provost    of    Eton 
(Anstey's  'Epistolse  Academic-re  Oxou.,'  Oxf. 
Hist.  Soc.,  i.  258)  :— 

"Credinms  enim  semper  tibi  ante  oculos  esse 
quanto  tenearis  amore  iu  matrem  que  te  spiritual! 
conceptum  utere  in  lucem  cognicionis  eduxit  et 
donee  in  virilis  animi  robur  cresceres,  quo  jam 
excellis,  preciosissimis  dapibus,  indulgentissimo 
favore,  omnium  scientiarum  alimentis  enutrivit." 

This  letter  seems  to  rule  out  the  sugges- 
tion, in  the  '  Arictoria  History  of  Hampshire,' 
ii.  285,  that  Waynflete  ':  in  all  probability 
was  not  at  the  university." 

2.  Waynflete,   the   future   bishop,   became 
head  master  at  Winchester  College  at  Mid- 
summer, 1430,  more  than  three  years  before 
Waynflete  of  King's  Hall  vacated  his  scholar- 
ship there.  He  had  previously  been  master  of 
Magdalen  Hospital,  Winchester;  but  for  how 
long  is  uncertain,  because  the  volume  of  the 
diocesan  registers  which  probably  recorded 
the  appointment  and   its  date    is   missing. 

*  The  document  referred  to  is  unfortunately  now 
j  missing. 


462 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [io*  s.  HI.  JCXE  17, 100* 


The  conjectured  date,  however,  lies  between 
1426  and  1429.    The  scholars  of  King  s  Hall 
were,  according  to  modern  notions,  fellow 
rather  than   scholars,  and   could  doubtles 
obtain  leave  of  absence  ;   but  it  seems  un 
likely  that  the  future  bishop  held  such  a 
scholarship  in  conjunction  with  his  known 
appointments  at  Winchester. 

The  vexed  question  at  what  college  or  hall 
at  Oxford  the  bishop  had  studied  is  distinct 
from  that  with  which  I  have  been  dealing. 
Nearly  a  column  of  the  '  D.N.B.'  (lx.  86)  is 
devoted  to  support  the  theory  that  he  had  a 
fellowship  at  New  College,  for  which,  not 
having  been  a  scholar  at  Winchester,  he  was 
not  qualified.  It  is  difficult  to  treat  very 
seriously  the  suggestion  that  Beaufort  as 
visitor  of  the  college,  dispensed  with  the 
qualification.  He  had  no  such  power  of 
dispensation  ;  any  attempt  to  assert  it 
would  have  been  stoutly  resisted  ;  there  is 
no  evidence  whatever  that  the  attempt  was 
made  :  and  the  suggestion  does  not  meet  the 
cardinal  objection  to  the  theory,  namely, 
that  the  admission  of  Waynflete  as  fellow 
has  not  been  found  in  the  college  records, 
which,  so  far  as  fellowships  are  concerned, 
is  happily  complete.  If  Waynflete  was  at 
New  College,  he  was  more  probably  there  as 
chorister,  lay- clerk,  or  chaplain  ;  and  even 
if  he  was  not  a  member  of  New  College  m 
his  youth,  his  regard  for  that  college  in 
later  years  can  be  explained.  As  Bishop  of 
Winchester,  he  was  visitor  of  the  college  at 
a  period  when  visitorial  functions  were  of 
importance  ;  and  it  was  the  college  to  which 
all  his  best  pupils  migrated  when  they  left 
Winchester.  The  article  in  the  '  Dictionary 
is  slightly  marred  by  the  omission  of  all 
reference  to  the  fact  that  Waynflete  was 
head  master  at  Winchester.  He  was  there 
for  a  little  over  eleven  years,  and  left  in  1441 
to  become  first  head  master  at  Eton. 

As  bearing  upon  the  question  who  was 
the  William  Waynflete,  LL.B.,  mentioned  at 
the  beginning  of  this  note,  it  may  be  added 
that  Waynflete,  when  appointed  Bishop  of 
Winchester  in  1447,  was  a  bachelor  of  divinity 
(see  the  king's  letter,  in  'Vitse  Selectorum 
aliquot  Virorum,'  1081,  p.  64).  H.  C. 

SIR  THOMAS  PHILL1PPS  AND  HIS 

LIBRARY. 

IN  Yr  Haul  for  October,  1873,  there  is 
a  somewhat  slovenly,  but  very  interesting 
sketch  of  this  odd  personage  and  his  famous 
library.  It  is  from  the  pen  of  John  Row- 
lands ("Giraldus"),  once  a  National  School 
master  at  Llandebie,  and  for  some  time 


Sir  Thomas's  librarian.  From  this  sketch  I 
have  picked  out  and  rearranged  all  that  is 
of  general  interest.  It  will,  I  hope,  form  an 
acceptable  supplement  to  the  very  meagre 
and  lifeless  notice  in  the  'D.N.B.' : — 

"After  the  death  of  Lord  Northwick,  Thirlestane 
House,  Cheltenham,  was  to  let,  and  Sir  Thomas 
Phillipps  took  it,  and  at  once  began  to  remove  hist 
library   thither— an  operation   that  occupied   two 
years.     The  collections  were  conveyed  in  an  omni- 
bus, twice  a  week,  under  the  charge  of  two  men. 
Some  eight  years  afterwards  I  received  an  invita- 
tion from  Sir  Thomas  to  go  and  see  him  at  Thirle- 
stane.   I  immediately  complied  with  the  summons, 
and  found   myself  in  the  streets  of    Cheltenham 
before  the  inhabitants  of  that  fashionable    town 
had  turned  out.     On  reaching  Thirlestane  and  ring- 
ing the  bell,  I  was  told  by  the  maid  who  opened  the- 
door  that  her  master  was  in,  and  that  I  should  see 
him  immediately.     Presently  there  appeared  a  little 
dot  of  a  man,  with  ruddy  face  and  long,  unkempt 
hair  and  beard.     After  mutual  greetings,   I  was 
taken  to  his  room,  which  was  filled  with  books  and 
papers.     At  the  close  of  a  longish  interview  I  was 
invited  to  see  the  library,  which,  in   the  owner's 
eyes,   was  a  sort  of    consecrated    chamber.      The 
books  were  in  boxes,  which  were  reared  one  on  the 
other,  the  lids  all  locked,  and  hinged  at  the  lower 
end  so  as  to  open  outwards  and  downwards.    When, 
we  had  spent  a  considerable  time  over  the  books 
and  portfolios  of  pictures,  we  came  to  an  agreement 
that  I  should  be  librarian,  and  in  about  two  months- 
I   entered  upon   my  duties.     Thirlestane  was  an 
enormous  building,  surrounded  on  all  sides  by  high 
walls,  like  a  prison,  and  it  had  but  few  visitors. 
Sir  Thomas  Phillipps  was  one  of  the  most  eccentric 
characters  of  his  time.  At  Middle  Hill  he  had  main- 
tained a  large  establishment,  but  at  his  wife's  death/ 
he  had  broken  it  up,  and  devoted  himself  wholly 
for  the  rest  of  his  life  to  antiquarian  research.     He- 
employed  on  the  premises  a  printer  and  a  book- 
binder,  and  printed    mauy    ancient    manuscripts. 
His   three  daughters  were  compelled   to  prepare- 
the    materials    for    the    compositors    from    dawn 
to    dark  —  a    very  irksome  task    for  young   girls.. 
The  library  kept  ever  growing  until  the  mansion  of 
Middle  Hill  was  filled  from  basement  to  attics.     As- 
Middle  Hill  was  getting  too  small  for  his  books,  he 
determined  to  remove  them  to  Oxford.     He  hired  a 
house  there,  and  bought  an  omnibus  in  London  to- 
transport  his  collections  ;  but  the  plan  was  suddenly 
abandoned.     As  he  claimed  descent  from  the  Phil- 
lipses  of  Cilsant,  he  held  Wales  in  high  respect.     At 
one  period  of  his  life  he  used  to  spend  much  of  his- 
tinie  in  Wales,  •whither  he  would  travel  in  the  old- 
fashioned  way  in  a  carriage  and  four.    He  spent  six 
months  at  Haverfordwest,  arranging  the  manuscript 
ollections  of  Picton  Castle.    Having  determined  to 
present  his  library  to  Wales,  he  took   Manorbier 
Castle,  Pembrokeshire,  a  place  entirely  unfit  for  the- 
contemplated  purpose.     He  changed  his  mind,  and 
the  books  are  to  remain  where  they  are — but  no 
Romanist  is  to  see  them.     He  was  fond  of  every 
one  who  bore  the    name    of    Phillips,   and  many 
jersons  of  that  name  claimed    relationship  with 
lim.    It  would  take  a  pretty  stout  volume  to  relate 
all  his  eccentricities.  He  bought  books  and  pictures 
at  absurd  prices  wherever  he  could  get  hold  of 
them.    He  sent  a  man  out  to  Nineveh  to  search  for 
emains  in  the  track  of  Layard  —  a   commission. 


10*8.  m.  JUNE  IT,  iocs.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


463: 


which  cost  him  500/.  and  brought  him  no  adequate 
return.  Once  he  was  journeying  from  London  to 
Middle  Hill,  and,  chancing  to  enter  an  inn  on  the 
way,  he  saw  a  portrait  there.  '  Whose  portrait  is 
that  ? '  he  asked  the  landlady,  who  answered  that 
she  had  heard  her  mother  say  it  was  a  likeness  of 
Mary,  Queen  of  Scots.  'I'll  give  you  a  hundred 
pounds  for  it,'  said  Sir  Thomas,  and  the  bargain 
was  struck  on  the  spot.  On  subsequently  learning 
that  it  was  not  that  unfortunate  queen's  portrait, 
and  was  not  worth  a  hundred  shillings,  he  brought 
an  action  against  the  landlady  for  the  rescission  of 
the  bargain,  but  he  was  not  successful.  On  another 
occasion,  at  Haverfordwest,  he  happened  to  see  an 
itinerant  photographer  at  work  at  a  fair.  He  at 
once  bought  the  whole  business,  van  and  all,  and 
sent  the  man  to  take  photographs  of  mansions  and 
castles  for  him  through  England  and  Wales.  He 
never  willingly  allowed  any  one,  outside  his  small 
circle  of  personal  friends,  to  see  his  library.  He 
used  to  sit  at  his  writing  desk  until  daybreak,  and 
then  he  would  retire  to  rest  till  two  or  three  in  the 
afternoon,  when  he  would  either  return  immediately 
to  work  or  take  a  turn  in  the  garden  and  pick  some 
fruit.  He  was  never  seen  outside  the  walls  of  his 
demesne  except  in  a  carriage,  and  that  was  very 
seldom.  His  great  bugbear  was  Popery,  and  he 
never  suffered  a  Roman  Catholic  to  enter  his  door, 
nor  would  he  tolerate  even  scarlet  petticoats  and 
stockings.  Choir-singing  in  church  was  an  unpar- 
donable sin  in  his  eyes,  and  he  was  an  uncompromis- 
ing enemy  to  High  Churchmen.  He  published  a 
number  of  books  against  the  monks,  which  he  had 
translated  from  foreign  tongues  (ieithoedd  tramor). 
The  late  William  Murphy,  the  lecturer,  and  the 
Messrs.  Whalley  and  Jsewgate  [?Newdegate]  were 
great  friends  of  his.  He  kept  Murphy  for  weeks  at 
Cheltenham.  Although  he  was  such  a  zealous  anti- 
Romanist,  he  never  went  to  a  place  of  worship 
himself — Sunday,  holyday,  or  workingday  (Sid, 
gicyl  na  g>vaith).  He  had  not  been  inside  a  church 
or  chapel  for  a  quarter  of  a  century  when  I  was  at 
Thirlestane,  for  he  believed  the  time  spent  in  public 
worship  to  be  pure  waste.  He  could  not  bear  a 
tobacco-smoker  or  any  one  who  wore  a  '  Jim  Crow  ' 
hat.  His  maidservants  were  only  allowed  to  go  to 
the  particular  church  that  he  chose  for  them.  His 
temper  was  sometimes  quite  unbearable.  It  was 
fatal  to  give  way  to  him,  and  woe  to  the  miserable 
wretch  who  showed  any  fear  !  No  christened  mortal 
(dyn  byw  liedyddiol)  ever  had  so  many  librarians. 
I  was  the  hundred  and  twentieth,  I  believe." 

"Giraldus,"  it  will  have  been  noted,  does 
not  say  anything  about  the  collections  them- 
selves, nor  about  his  own  duties.  An  obser- 
vant butler  or  valet  would  have  been  able 
to  tell  at  least  as  much  as  we  have  above. 
Elsewhere  the  writer  says  that  Sir  Thomas 
employed  him  to  collect  local  "legends  and 
make  notes  of  old  customs  "  in  almost  every 
parish  in  South  Wales.  Another  disappoint- 
ing omission  is  that  he  says  nothing  at  all 
about  the  mysterious  negotiations  between 
Sir  Thomas  and  the  authorities  of  Lampeter 
College,  which  ended  in  the  refusal  of  the 
latter  body  to  accept  the  splendid  collections 
which  have  now  been  scattered  to  the  four 
winds  of  heaven.  J.  P.  OWEX. 


SIR  JAMES  LAWRENCE'S   'EMPIRE  OF 
THE  NA1RS,'   1811. 

I  THINK  I  may  take  it  upon  me  to  say- 
that  this  is  one  of  the  scarcest  books  of  the- 
nineteenth  century.  The  following  is  the- 
wording  of  the  title-page  : — 

"The  Empire  of  the  Nairs  ;  or,  the  Rights  of 
Women.  An  Utopian  Romance,  in  Twelve  Books. 
By  James  Lawrence,  author  of  '  The  Bosom  Friend,' 
'Love,  an 'Allegory,' &c.  [A  quotation  in  Latin  from 
Virgil.]  In  Four  Volumes.  London :  Printed  for 
T.  Hookham,  Jun.,  and  E.  T.  Hookham,  No.  15, 
Old  Bond  Street,  1811." 

For  nigh  forty  years  I  diligently  sought 
after  this  work,  and  during  all  that  long 
period  I  recollect  having  seen  only  two  copies 
in  booksellers'  catalogues  ;  but  as  neither  ofr 
them  was  in  the  condition  I  desired  I  let 
them  pass.  Not  very  long  ago,  however,  I 
was  fortunate  enough  to  secure  a  copy  in  a 
condition  to  gratify  the  taste  of  the  most 
fastidious  book  collector.  The  volumes  are 
in  the  original  boards,  edges  uneut,  and 
almost  as  fresh  and  crisp  as  the  day  they 
were  published.  Even  the  paper  titles  on 
the  back  are  without  a  scratch.  I  first  came 
to  know  about  this  work  through  its  being, 
referred  to  in  a  book  I  was  reading  at  the 
time  I  have  indicated ;  but  what  was  its  title 
I  have  never  been  able  to  recall,  much  to  my 
regret.  I  fancy  it  was  in  one  of  Coleridge's 
prose  works,  of  which  I  was  then  an  assiduous 
reader  ;  but  a  recent  search  in  this  direction 
was  without  result. 

'The  Empire  of  the  Nairs'  was  originally 
published  in  Germany,  where  it  received  the 
benediction  of  both  Wieland  and  Schiller,  the 
former  printing  it  for  the  first  time  in  his 
'German  Mercury.'  A  French  translation 
also  appeared  with  this  title:  'L'Empire  des 
Nairs,  ou  le  Paradis  de  1'Amour.'  This  Eng- 
lish edition,  besides  an  "Advertisement"  of 
four  pages,  contains  an  "Introduction"  of 
forty-three  pages,  in  which  the  principles, 
upon  which  the  romance  is  constructed  are 
explained  and  justified.  For  a  scientific  and- 
really  interesting  account  of  the  manners 
and  customs  of  the  Nairs  reference  may  be 
made  to  "Primitive  Folk.  Studies  in  Com- 
parative Ethnology.  By  Elie  Eeclus." 

In  a  letter  to  Thomas  Hookham,  one  of  the 
publishers  of  this  book,  dated  "Lynmouth, 
Barnstable,  Aug.  18th,  1812,"  Shelley  writes 
('Essays  and  Letters,'  ed.  Rhys,  1886,"  p.  181): 

"  I  should  esteem  it  as  a  favour  if  you  would  pre- 
sent the  enclosed  letter  to  the  Chevalier  Lawrence. 
I  have  read  his  'Empire  of  the  Nairs';  nay,  have 
it.  Perfectly  and  decidedly  do  I  subscribe  to  the 
truth  of  the  principles  which  it  is  designed  to 
establish." 

Mr.  Buxton  Forman  prints  in  full  the  letter 


464 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,     no*  s.  in.  JUNE  17, 1905. 


•to  Lawrence,  in  which  this  passage  occurs 
<' Prose  Works,'  vol.  iii.  p.  345)  :— 

"  Your  '  Empire  of  the  Nairs,'  which  I  read  this 
-spring,  succeeded  in  making  me  a  perfect  convert 
~to  its  doctrines." 

The  following  passage,  taken  from  Prof. 
Dowden's  'Life  of  Percy  Bysshe  Shelley,' 
speaks  for  itself  (ed.  1886,  vol.  i.  p.  286)  :— 

"Among  the  strange  books  which  Shelley  had 
lately  read  was  Sir  James  Lawrence's  '  Empire  of 
'the  Nairs,'  which  convinced  him,  if  any  doubts  yet 
remained,  that  marriage  is  essentially  an  evil. 
Having  borrowed  through  Hookham  a  copy  of 
Lawrence's  poem  'Love,  an  Allegory,' he  wrote  to 
the  author,  and,  confessing  that  he  had  submitted 
for  his  wife's  sake  to  the  bondage  of  the  marriage 
•ceremony,  added  a  graceful  acknowledgment  of  his 
happiness:  'I  am  a  young  man  not  yet  of  age,  and 
liave  now  been  married  a  year  to  a  woman  younger 
than  myself.  Love  seems  inclined  to  stay  in  the 
(prison.'" 

A.  D. 

TNCLEDON:  COOKE.  (See  ante,  p.  373.)— It 
•was  not  Charles  Incledon,  I  believe,  but 
•George  Frederick  Copke,  who  was  concerned 
in  the  incident  at  Bristol  (as  I  heard  my  own 
father  tell  me  nearly  eighty  years  ago)— not 
at  Liverpool,  as  reported  in '  Diet.  Nat.  Biog.,' 
vol.  xii.  p.  84,  by  J.  K.,  whom  in  all  cases 
I  accept  as  a  final  authority  in  dramatic 
-criticisms  and  bibliography,  supreme  for 
accuracy  and  judgment.  But  he  rightly 
doubts  the  originality  of  the  speech,  so  far 
as  Liverpool  is  accredited.  The  words  came 
to  me  as  "There  is  not  a  stone  that  was  not 
cemented  by  the  blood  of  a  slave."  The 
misquotation  "  blood  of  a  nigger  "  is  an  un- 
pardonable inaccuracy  and  anachronism.  A 
few  days  ago  a  journalist  garbled  and  mis- 
applied to  Dr.  Samuel  Johnson  the  century- 
earlier  saying  of  Anthony  Ashley  Cooper 
on  "the  religion  of  all  sensible  men."  The 
cheap  press  is  full  of  such  blunders. 

J.  W.  E. 

H.  K.  ST.  J.  S.  diverges  from  the  original 
•subject,  and  asks  for  chapter  and  verse  of 
an  anecdote.  As  regards  Bristol  I  am  not 
-able  to  answer,  but  it  is  given  in  'Liverpool 
a  Few  Years  Since,'  by  an  Old  Stager  (Liver- 
pool, 1852).  Speaking  about  the  players  who 
performed  in  Liverpool,  he  continues  : — 

"  Cpoke,  likewise,  the  predecessor  of  Kean  in  his 
peculiar  line  of  character,  often  appeared  upon  the 
Liverpool  boards.  He  was  not  famous  for  his 
sobriety,  and  one  night,  being  hissed  for  his  usual 
«in,  he  rushed  forward  to  the  lights,  and  most 
unceremoniously  told  the  audience  that  '  he  was 
•not  there  to  be  insulted  by  a  set  of  wretches,  every 
brick  in  whose  infernal  town  was  cemented  by  an 
African's  blood.'  This  was  a  home  thrust  for  our 
grandfathers." 

J.  H.  K. 


KEATS'S  '  GRECIAN  URN  ' :  THE  HEIFER. — 
It  has  been  objected  to  Keats  that,  as  a 
townsman  unfamiliar  with  the  ways  of  cattle, 
he  misrepresents  the  attitude  of  the  bellowing 
heifer  described  in  the  fourth  stanza  of  the 
'  Ode  on  a  Grecian  Urn.'  The  poet,  his 
critics  complain,  makes  the  animal  raise  its 
head  unnaturally  high,  and  thereby  destroys 
the  effect  of  his  picture.  This  is  the  familiar 
passage  :  — 
Who  are  these  coming  to  the  sacrifice  ? 

To  what  green  altar,  0  mysterious  priest, 
Lead'st  thou  that  heifer  lowing  at  the  skies, 

And  all  her  silken  flanks  with  garlands  drest? 

Keats   may,  of  course,  have  had  a  limited 
bucolic  experience,  but  the  touch  that  gives 
"silken  flanks"  is  intimate  and  happy,  and 
if  the  pose  is  in  any  respect  amiss,  it  is  made 
in   the   worthy   company   of  Ovid,   as,    per- 
chance, the  poet  may  have  known.     The  por- 
tentous heifer  vouchsafed  for  the  guidance  of 
Cadmus  ('  Metam.'  III.  i.  20)  thus  proclaims 
her  affinity  with  the  original  that  inspired 
Greek  sculptor  and  English  lyrist,  and   with 
all  the  herds  that  roam  on  a  thousand  hills  : 
Bos  stetit,  et  tollens  spatiosam  cornibus  altis 
Ad  coalum  frontem,  mugitibus  impulit  auras. 
THOMAS  BAYNE. 

LOCAL  RECORDS.— One  of  the  most  frequent 
things  the  inquirer— especially  the  inquirer 
into  pedigree  or  family  history — wants  to 
know  is  the  whereabouts  of  collections  of 
documents  relating  to  a  given  place.  The 
available  sources  of  reference  are  soon  ex- 
hausted, and  one  can,  of  course,  find  refer- 
ences to  isolated  documents  relating  to  a 
given  parish  in  a  hundred  different  places; 
but  the  most  useful  find  is,  as  a  rule,  the  dis- 
covery of  a  collection  relating  to  the  place  in 
which  one  happens  to  be  interested.  I  am 
trying  to  make  a  list  of  such  collections  con- 
cerning definite  places  as  are  in  private 
hands,  in  public  libraries,  and  elsewhere,  and 
would  invite  readers  to  send  to  me  direct 
notes  of  any  within  their  knowledge.  It  may 
be  useful  to  mention  that  I  possess  myself 
small  collections  of  original  deeds  and  other 
papers  relating  to  the  following  places  in 
Somersetshire  : — 

Bath,  1762-1810;  Blagdon,  1752-1806;  Bris- 
lington,  1655-1820;  Burnham,  1674-1738;  Cad- 
bury,  1625-1818  :  Camerton,  1684-1808  ;  Chel- 
wood,  17081813;  Chew  Magna,  1665-1835; 
Chew  Stoke,  1692  1832;  Compton  Dando,1623- 
1811  ;  Compton  Martin,  1796-1801  ;  Doulting, 
1713-1804;  Dundry,  1632-1808;  Farmborough, 
1781-1815;  Goathurst,  1728-1809;  Harptree, 
East  and  West,  1778-1805;  High  Littleton, 
1793-1802;  Keynsham,  1613-1832;  Kingston 
Seymour,  1713  - 1809  ;  Lopen,  1777  - 1816  ; 


io"»  s.  in.  JUNE  17,  loos.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


465- 


Marksbury,  1757-1812 ;  Midsomer  Norton, 
1671-1806;  Newton  St.  Loe,  1769-1803;  Nor- 
ton Mai  re  ward,  1796-1814;  Paulton,  1678- 
1805;  Priston,  1750-1812;  Saltford,  1624-1815; 
Stan  ton  Drew,  1658-1816 ;  Stanton  Prior, 
1740-1806;  Timsbury,  1745-1816;  Twerton, 
1712-1812;  Walcot,  1773-1801  ;  Wellow,  1791- 
1798  ;  Weston,  1690-1806 ;  Whitchurch,  1712- 
1816  ;  Wincanton,  1695-1805  ;  Wrington,  1744- 
1784  ;  Yatton,  1679-1813. 

I  have  also  papers  referring  to  Bitton, 
Gloucestershire,  1610-1816,  and  Bristol,  1655- 
1817;  Bradford,  Wilts,  1715-1811;  Frisby, 
Leicestershire,  1656-1712;  Wallingford,  Berks, 
1425-1852;  and  a  collection  of  1,367  original 
Surrey  marriage  licences,  1760-1834  (see  ante, 
p.  326).  GEORGE  F.  TUDOR  SHERWOOD. 

50,  Beecroft  Road,  Brockley,  S.E. 

[Dr.  \V.  A.  Copinger  has  published  through 
Messrs.  Sotheran  three  volumes  (A — K)  dealing  in 
an  exhaustive  manner  with  references,  in  print  or 
manuscript,  to  every  place  in  Suffolk.  Mr.  Walter 
Rye  has  done  much  good  work  in  relation  to  Nor- 
folk, including  'Index  to  Norfolk  Topography' 
(Index  Society,  1881),  '  Index  to  Norfolk  Pedigrees' 
(Norwich,  1896),  and  'Index  Rerum  to  Norfolk 
Antiquities'  (Norwich,  1899),  besides  an  incomplete 
'Short  Calendar  of  Feet  of  Fines  for  Norfolk' 
(Norwich,  1885-6).] 

YORKSHIRE  WILLS  NOT  IN  PROPER  CUSTODY. 
— It  may  save  searchers  time  and  trouble  to 
know  that  many  of  the  original  wills  belong- 
ing to  the  Peculiar  of  Selby  are  not  in  the 
York  Probate  Registry  between  the  years 
1636  and  1715  ;  they  are  to  be  found  at  the 
British  Museum,  Add.  MS.  36,582. 

GERALD  FOTHERGILL. 

11,  Brussels  Road,  New  Wandsworth,  S.W. 

SUPERSTITIONS  OF  TRADES  AND  CALLINGS. 
— I  have  recently  been  told  that  dressmakers 
will  not  "fit"  with  black  pins,  and  regard 
it  as  unlucky  to  tack  with  green  cotton.  I 
also  learn  that  if  all  the  pins  fall  out  of  a 
box  it  is  held  by  milliners  to  presage  a  dis- 
appointment, which  usually  takes  the  form 
of  a  returned  order ;  whilst  they  regard  as 
of  happy  augury  the  drop  of  blood  falling 
on  a  hat  from  a  pricked  finger.  Thinking 
over  these  bits  of  folk-lore,  which  are  new 
to  me,  I  called  to  memory  the  objection  of 
the  monthly-nurse  to  weighing  an  infant, 
and  to  adding  hot  water  to  cold  (instead  of 
cold  water  to  hot)  for  its  bath  ;  her  insist- 
ence that  the  convalescent  mother  shall  go 
upstairs  before  she  goes  down  ;  and  the  dis- 
like of  domestic  servants  to  turning  bedding 
on  a  Friday,  and  of  sailors  to  commencing  a 
voyage  on  that  day ;  and  it  struck  me  that 
there  must  be  a  great  number  of  similar 
quaint  beliefs  and  observances  peculiar  to 
certain  walks  of  life,  and  that  it  could  not 


fail  to  interest  the  readers  of  'N.  &,  Q.'  were 
the  particulars  communicated  by  those  con- 
versant with  them.  Possibly  the  special 
knowledge  of  the  writer  might,  at  times,, 
enable  him  to  suggest  an  explanation  of  the 
origin  of  a  custom.  I  have  received  such 
sage  warnings  against  guessing  that  I  hesi- 
tate to  try  my  own  hand  at  a  gloss  ;  still,  as 
an  illustration  of  what  I  have  in  mind,  I 
may  point  out  that  in  each  of  the  cases  where 
Friday  is  concerned,  the  explanation  may, 
perhaps,  be  found  in  the  dedication  of  the 
day  to  Venus.  It  might  me  thought  that  to 
turn  the  bed  would  be  ominous  of  change  in 
the  love  of  its  occupants;  whilst  the  associa- 
tion of  the  ship  or  ark  with  that  femininity 
of  which  the  goddess  is  the  embodiment 
might  well  have  proscribed  removal  on  her- 
sacred  day.  FRANK  REDE  FOWKE. 

24,  Netherton  Grove,  Chelsea. 

ROGATIONTIDE  AT  UFFORD. — The  following- 
appeared  in  The  Standard  of  2  June.  The  "  old 
custom"  has  not  been  recorded  in  '  N.  &  Q.,' 
and  I  therefore  submit  it  for  insertion  :  — 

"A  quaint  old  custom  has  survived  at  Ufford 
[Suffolk],  that  of  intercession  at  Rogationtide. 
Clergy  and  choir  assembled  in  the  church,  and  after 
a  prayer  and  hymn,  a  procession  was  formed  from 
the  church,  in  which  the  congregation  joined,  which 
perambulated  the  parish  into  High  Street,  where 
the  rector  recited  the  Litany.  Several  appropriate 
hymns  were  sung,  and  an  address  was  delivered,  at 
the  end  of  which  the  procession  returned  to  the 
church,  where  a  sermon  was  preached  on  the  text,, 
'The  eyes  of  all  wait  on  Thee,  0  Lord,  and  Thou, 
givest  them  their  meat  in  due  season.'  The  bless- 
ing of  the  crops  is  another  observance  in  some  parts 
of  Suffolk  at  Rogationtide,  clergy,  choir,  and  con- 
gregation going  in  procession  through  the  fields, 
singing  psalms,  and  halting  in  certam  places  for. 
prayer  and  intercession  for  the  crops." 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN.. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

RUSSIAN  PROPER  NAMES.  —  Two  signifi- 
cant Russian  proper  names  may  perhaps  be- 
recorded  in  connexion  with  the  tragic  catas- 
trophe which  befell  the  Baltic  Fleet  in  the 
|  Strait  of  Corea  on  27  and  28  May,  viz.  (1) 
|  that  of    Admiral  Nebogatov  (i.e.,   unfortu- 
nate) ;    (2)  that    of    the    torpedo  -  boat   de- 
stroyer Bedovy   (i.e.,  dangerous,  or  severe)* 
wherein    Rozhestvensky    was    rescued,    but, 
finally  taken  prisoner. 

"ARCH." — The  spelling  of  the  word  arch, 
in  the  sense  of  the  arch  of  a  bridge,  is  not  a. 
little  odd,  since  the  correct  form  would  have- 
been  arc.  The  real  meaning  of  arche  in  Old 
French  was  an  ark  oi\coffer,  from  the  Latin, 
area  ;  but  the  same  arche  was  also  used,  as. 
the  examples  in  Godefroy  show,  with  the 
sense  of  "  arch  "  or  even  of  "  arcade."  Hence 


466 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io*  s.  in.  JUNE  17,  IMS. 


the  account  in  the  'New  English  Dictionary,' 
which  tells  us  that  the  E.  arch  was  "adopted 
from  the  O.F.  arche,  from  Lat.  area,  chest, 
coffer  ;  also,  through  some  confusion,  used 
in  O  F.  for  arc,  from  L.  arcum,  bow." 

The  confusion  really  arose,  not  in  the  Old 
French,  but  in  Mediaeval  Latin.  Ducange 
-explains  it  thus  :  "Area,  pro  Arcus,  mendose 
et  ridicule  apud  scriptores  semibarbaros, 
quoties  de  Ponte  arcus,  Gallice  Pont  de 
•I' arche,  scripserunt,  ut  monet  Valesius  in 
'Notit.  Gall./  p.  453,  col.  1."  The  reference 
is  to  the  '  Notitia  Galliarura  Ordine  Alpha- 
betico  Digesta,'  published  in  1675  by  Adrien 
de  Valois.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

NAME  COINCIDENCES.— The  following  in- 
stance of  name  phenomena  is  said  to  be 
without  a  parallel  in  the  experience  of  all 
who,  thus  far,  have  met  with  it.  To  a  wider 
circle  of  observers  it  may,  perchance,  be  also 
unique  :  scarcely  can  it  be  less  interesting. 

The  writer's  mother's  maiden  name  was 
Watts ;  his  wife's  maiden  name  also  was 
Watts,  the  second  Christian  name  of  both 
being  Emma.  The  mother's  eldest  brother 
is  Thomas  Watts  ;  the  wife's  eldest  brother 
is  Thomas  Watts.  The  mother's  second 
brother  is  James  Watts ;  the  wife's  second 
•brother  is  James  Watts.  The  mother's  elder 
sister  was  Annie  Watts ;  the  wife's  elder 
sister  is  Annie  Watts.  The  youngest  daughter 
in  the  mother's  family  was  Elizabeth  Watts  ; 
the  wife,  the  youngest  daughter  in  her  family, 
was  also  Elizabeth  Watts. 

Up  to  the  time  of  the  marriage  the  two 
families  were  entire  strangers  to  each  other, 
and,  so  far  as  is  known,  in  no  way  related, 
the  first  hailing  from  Gloucestershire,  the 
latter  from  Cumberland. 

W.  BAILEY-KEMPLING. 

YOUNG  AND  BURNS.— In  his  sixth  satire, 
specifically  entitled  'On  Women,'  Young 
•makes  a  "devil's  fair  apologist"  exclaim, 

Poor  Satan  !  doubtless,  he  '11  at  length  be  sav'd. 
'This  is  an  interesting  anticipation,  although 
not  necessarily  one  of  the  sources,   of  the 
great  apostrophe  with   which   Burns   closes 
•his  inimitable  '  Address  to  the  Deil ' : — 
But  fare-you-weel,  auld  NicMe-ben! 

0  wad  ye  tak  a  thought  an'  men' ! 
Ye  aiblins  might — 1  dinna  ken — 

Still  hae  a  stake — 

1  'm  wae  to  think  upo'  yon  den, 

Even  for  your  sake  ! 

THOMAS  BAYNE. 

CAPE  HOORN.— The  name  of  the  southern- 
most point  of  South  America  is  often  spelt 
incorrectly,  and  this  has  suggested  erroneous 
notions  as  to  its  meaning,  as  if  derived  from 


its  shape.  The  origin  of  the  name  is,  how- 
ever, stated  incorrectly  in  another  way  in  a 
little  book  called  'Glimpses  of  our  Empire,' 
by  Mr.  Robinson  Souttar  (author  of  that 
excellent  work  'A  Short  History  of  Ancient 
Peoples'),  at  p.  20  of  which  we  read,  "until 
at  length  Capt.  Horn  rounded  the  cape 
which  bears  his  name."  The  first  navigators 
who  rounded  the  cape  were  two  Dutch 
captains,  Le  Maire  and  Schouten,  in  the 
month  of  January,  1616,  and  they  named  it 
after  Hoorn,  on  the  east  coast  of  North  Hol- 
land, because  that  was  Schouten's  native 
town.  The  strait  through  which  they  passed 
between  Staten  Island  and  Tierra  del  Fuego 
was  named  after  Le  Maire.  Admiral  Fitzroy 
tried  to  distinguish  the  cape  from  the  small 
island  on  which  it  is  placed  by  calling  the 
former  Cape  Hoorn  and  the  latter  Horn 
Island,  but  it  is  more  usual  in  this  country, 
though  less  correct,  to  spell  both  Horn. 

W.  T.  LYNN. 
Blackheath. 

BELLRINGING. — I  copy  the  following  from 
The  Daily  Ncivs,  and  think  it  may  be  interest- 
ing to  readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.' : — 

"A  unique  performance  in  church  bellringing 
took  place  at  St.  Magnus  the  Martyr,  Lower 
Thames  Street,  E.G.,  on  Sunday,  14  May,  when  ten 
ringers,  all  of  the  same  Christian  name,  'Thomas,' 
rang  a  true  and  complete  peal  in  the  change-ringing 
method  known  as  Stedman's  Cater.  The  peal  con- 
tained 5,086  changes,  and  was  composed  by  Thomas 
J.  Gofton,  of  Newcastle.  It  took  three  hours  four- 
teen minutes  to  ring.  The  band  rang  as  follows  : — 
Thomas  L.  Simmons  (Bushey,  Herts),  treble ; 
Thomas  H.  Taffenden  (Southwark),  2nd ;  Thomas 
Faulkner  (Barking,  Essex),  3rd  ;  Thomas  Newman 
(Caversham,  Oxon),  4th  ;  Thomas  H.  Col  born 
(Lough borough,  Leicestershire),  5th  ;  Thomas  Card 
(Tun bridge  Wells),  Gth  ;  Thomas  Lincoln  (Clielms- 
ford,  Essex),  7th  ;  Thomas  Langden  (Wai worth), 
8th ;  Thomas  Groombridge  (Chislehurst,  Kent), 
9th  ;  Thomas  Langden  (P.)  (St.  Pancras,  London), 
tenor.  The  peal  was  conducted  by  Thomas  H. 
Taffenden,  and  is  the  first  of  its  kind  yet  rung  by 
a  band  all  of  the  same  name,  and  who  are  all  mem- 
bers of  the  London  County  Association  of  Change 
Ringers." 

W.  B. 

CROMWELL  FLEETWOOD.  (See  9th  S.  ix.  285.) 
— Cromwell  Fleetwood's  wife  Elizabeth  was 
the  only  child  and  heiress  of  George  Nevill 
by  his  wife  Elizabeth,  youngest  daughter  of 
Sir  Henry  Trotter,  of  Sheltou  Castle,  co.  York. 
George  Nevill  died  in  1679,  and  was  buried 
at  Little  Berkhampstead. 

Cromwell  Fleetwood  died  intestate,  and 
administration  was  granted  to  his  widow 
on  27  September,  1688.  His  widow  died  on 
26  April,  1692.  Her  will  (P.C.C.  105  Fane) 
was  dated  23  May  (3  William  &  Mary),  1691. 
She  describes  herself  as  of  "Little  Bark- 


io*s.  m.  JCXE  IT,  1905.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


467 


hamstead,"  co.  Hertford,  "  widdow."    Ther 
are  legacies  to  Aunt  Fulthorpe  and  Siste 
Bendish,  cousins  Thomas  and  Sarah  Burkitt 
of  Sudbury,  Suffolk,  John  Nevill  the  elder,  o 
Ridgwell  (co.  Essex),  and  others.   Briefly,  th 
effect  of  the  will  is  to  make  George,  the  elde 
son  of  John  Nevill,  sen.,  her  heir,  and  to  b 
put  in  possession  of  the  estate  on  attaining 
the  age  of  twenty-one,  with   remainder   to 
John,  the    second    son,   and    Elizabeth   the 
daughter.     She  expresses  a  strong  wish  tha: 
whichever  son  succeeds  should    study  law 
In    accordance    with    her   wishes,    she    was 
interred  in  Little  Berkhampstead  Church  bj 
the  side  of  her  husband,  501.  being  left  for  a 
monument  and  a  tablet  on   the   wall.     The 
will  was  proved  by  Thomas  Burkitt,  one  ol 
the  executors,  on  4  June,  1692,  with  leave  to 
John  Nevill,  sen.,  to  prove  later. 

The  monument  bore  the  arms  Quarterly, 
1st  and  4th  Fleetwood,  2nd  and  3rd  Neville, 
with  the  Fleetwood  crest,  and  the  inscrip- 
tion:— 

"  Here  lyeth  the  body  of  Elizabeth  Fleetwood, 
widow,  who  died  the  20th  of  April,  MDCLXXXXI., 
adjacent  to  the  body  of  her  vertuous  husband 
Cromwell  Fleetwood,  Esquire,  who  died  ycl  of  June, 
MDCLXXXVIII.  This  Elizabeth  was  sole  daughter 
of  George  Nevill,  Gent.,  and  died  without  issue." — 
Cussans's  '  Hundred  of  Hertford,'  p.  169. 

Clutterbuck,  in  his  history  of  the  county, 
gives  the  inscription,  but  makes  the  year  of 
Elizabeth's  decease  1693.  Both  authorities 
on  another  page  assign  another  year  as  the 
year  of  death,  but  neither  gives  1692.  The 
discrepancy  in  quoting  the  inscription  itself 
may  possibly  arise  from  its  having  been  in 
the  floor  of  the  chancel,  the  figures  on  the 
stone  becoming  gradually  defaced. 

Chauncy's  '  Hertfordshire  '  contains  a  small 
pedigree  of  Nevill,  which  is  useful  in  showing 
how  the  estate  passed.  Presumably  by  some 
family  arrangement,  John  Nevill  the  younger 
succeeded,  and  eventually  sold  the  property 
to  Sir  John  Dimsdale,  of  Hertford,  Knt.  His 
brother  George  Nevill  married  in  1709  Jane, 
daughter  of  William  Guyon,  of  Halstead,  and 
had  issue  a  son  George  Raymond  and  a 
daughter.  These  Nevills  were  descended 
from  Ralph  Nevill,  first  Earl  of  West- 
morland, through  his  son  George,  Baron 
Latimer,  whose  grandson  Richard  succeeded 
him  as  Baron  Latimer ;  Sir  Thomas  Nevill 
(died  1540),  a  younger  son  of  Richard,  was 
the  ancestor  of  the  Halstead  and  Ridgwell 
branch. 

Regarding  Thomas  and  Sarah  Burkitt,  men- 
tioned in  Elizabeth  Fleetwood's  will,  the  wife 
must  have  been  the  Sarah  Neville  to  whom 
Bridget  Fleetwood  bequeathed  the  Fleetwood 
cabinet  (9th  S.  iii.  347;  10th  S.  ii.  67).  Jt ' 


would,  therefore,  appear  that  Cromwell 
Fleetwood  and  his  wife  were  related  before 
marriage.  R-  W.  B. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  sent  to  them 
direct. 

KNIGHTS  TEMPLARS.  —  Je  desirerais  par 
1'intermediaire  de  votre  journal  obtenir  des 
indications  sur  les  documents  concernant 
Ford  re  du  Temple  (1128-1312)  qui  peuvent  se 
trouver  dans  les  differentes  bibliotheques, 
publiques  ou  privees,  de  I'Angleterre  (en 
dehors  du  British  Museum)  ;  c'est  a  dire  les 
chartes  originates  concernant  1'ordre  du 
Temple  en  general  et  les  biens  qu'il  possedait 
en  Angleterre,  Ecosse,  Irlande. 

LE  MARQUIS  D'ALBON. 
Paris,  VII.,  17,  Rue  Vaneau. 

HERMITAGE,  HARROW.  —  I  find  that  the 
house  in  which  I  live,  and  which  is  still 
called  the  Hermitage,  was  known  at  the 
close  of  the  fifteenth  century  as  the  "  Her- 
mitage of  St.  Edmund  and  St.  Catherine." 
Can  any  of  your  readers  tell  roe  what  was 
probably  then  understood  by  a  hermitage, 
ind  what  would  probably  be  the  connexion 
oetween  St.  Edmund  and  St.  Catherine?  The 
widence  of  a  religious  house  upon  the  site 
s  very  slight  and  precarious,  if  it  exists  at 
all.  W.  DONE  BUSUELL. 

Harrow-on-the-Hill. 

NEWPORT  FAMILY.—  Can  any  reader  tell  me 

;rom   what  family   of   Newports  (of  Essex, 

Shropshire,  or  Worcester)  was  descended  that 

Christopher    Newport,    captain    of    one    of 

^ueen  Elizabeth's  frigates,  who  was  the  first 

x)  land  on  the  Bermudas  ?     There  is  a  tablet 

o  his   memory   in   the   Botanical    Gardens, 

St.  George's  Island,  Bermuda.     I  should  be 

glad  of  any  information  of  his  ancestry  and 

escendants.  J.  A.  K. 

"WARKAMOOWEE."—  In  'The  Century  Dic- 
ionary'  (1891)  this  word  is  explained  as  "a 
;anoe  with  outriggers,  used  at  Point  de  Galle, 
sland  of  Ceylon."  Certain  details  are  also 

*iven  regarding  the  boat,  of  which  there  is  a 
voodcut.  The  explanation,  details,  and  wood- 
ut  are  all  copied  from  Ogilvie's  'Imperial 

Dictionary  '  (1883).  '  The  Encyclopaedic  Dic- 
ionary  '  (1888)  gives  the  same  explanation, 
ut  alters  the  language  of  the  details,  and 
as  a  more  spirited  woodcut.  As  to  the 
tymology  of  the  word,  the  'Imperial'  is 

discreetly  silent;  the  'Encyclopaedic'  com- 


468 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io*  s.  m.  JCXE  17,  iocs. 


promises  with  the  vague  "  native  name "  ; 
•while  the  '  Century  '  boldly  asserts  that  it  is 
"  Cingalese  "  (sic).  Now,  whence  have  these 
dictionaries  obtained  this  wonderful  name 
for  the  Ceylon  outrigger  canoe  (which 
globe  -  trotters  will  persist  in  calling  "  a 
catamaran  ")  1  I  know  of  no  such  name  in 
Sinhalese.  Perhaps  MR.  JAS.  PLATT,  Jun., 
will  be  able  to  solve  the  mystery. 

DONALD  FERGUSON. 
Croydon. 

ST.  PAUL'S  CATHEDRAL.  —  Did  Wren  use 
any  stone  other  than  Portland  in  the  con- 
struction of  St.  Paul's  ?  There  is  a  tradition 
at  Burford  that  the  Upton  or  Kit's  Quarries 
furnished  "much  of  the  stone  for  Wren's 
rebuilding  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral  and  of  the 
City  churches  after  the  Great  Fire  of  Lon- 
don "  (see  Mr.  Harper's  'Oxford,  Gloucester, 
and  Milford  Haven  Iload,'  1905,  pp.  266-9). 
Wren  undoubtedly  used  a  quantity  of  Burford 
stone  in  his  repairs  at  Westminster  Abbey, 
but  I  want  to  know  whether  any  of  this  stone 
•was  used  by  him  at  St.  Paul's.  G.  F.  11.  B. 

"IN     ANTIENT     DAYS,     WHEN    DAME    ELIZA 

REIGN'D."  —  I  wish  to  obtain  a  copy  of  a 
printed  sheet  or  pamphlet  published  between 
1650  and  1750,  composed  of  about  thirty- 
eight  lines,  commencing  "In  antient  days, 
when  Dame  Eliza  reign'd."  It  was  printed 
by  J.  Davis,  bears  the  name  of  George  Sim- 
mons, has  a  picture  in  a  scroll  at  the  head, 
and  is  dedicated  to  framework  knitters. 

S.  W.  KELSEY. 
45,  Southampton  Buildings,  W.C. 

CHILD  EXECUTED  FOR  WITCHCRAFT. — Mr. 
E.  Haviland  Burke,  M.P.,  writing  in  Tlte 
Saturday  Review  of  8  April,  says  : — 

"  Little  more  than  a  hundred  and  fifty  years  ago, 
a  respectable  farmer's  wife  and  her  little  nine  years 
old  daughter  were  publicly  hanged  at  Huntingdon 
for  invoking  storms  for  the  destruction  of  her 
neighbours'  crops." 

If  this  be  correct,  what  were  the  names, 
date,  and  precise  circumstances  1  A.  F.  11. 

GOSNOLD  PORTRAIT.  —  Can  any  of  your 
readers  inform  me  of  the  existence  of  a 
portrait  of  Capt.  Bartholomew  Gosnold,  who 
sailed  in  1602  in  the  ship  Concord  from  Fal- 
mouth,  England,  on  a  voyage  of  discovery  to 
the  New  World  1 

GEO.  H.  TRIPP,  Librarian. 

Free  Public  Library,  New  Bedford,  Mass. 

CALDWELL  FAMILY.  —  1.  The  Rev.  James 
Caldwell,  of  Elizabeth,  New  Jersey  (1734-81), 
called  "the  Fighting  Parson  of  the  Revolu- 
tion," was  descended  from  a  French  Huguenot 
family  who  were  driven  to  Scotland  after  the 


Revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes.  What 
was  the  original  French  name  1  An  ancient 
letter  says  that  their  "  Coat  of  Arms  in  the 

House  of  Ciaird  in  Scotland was  the  Roe 

Buck,  a  star,  and  three  waves  of  the  sea." 

2.  It  is  said  that  their  Scottish  home  was 
named,  from  a  famous  well,  the  "  Cold  Well 
Estate,"  and  that  this  was  probably  the 
origin  of  the  name  Caldwell.  Where  was 
the  estate?  C.  T.  E. 

Princeton,  N.  J. 

JOHN  HAZLITT  AND  SAMUEL  SHARWOOD.-— 
The  striking  likeness  of  Joseph  Lancaster  in 
the  National  Portrait  Gallery  is  painted  by 
John  Hazlitt,  and  "presented  by  his  [Lan- 
caster's] personal  friend,  Samuel  Sharwood, 
Esq."  Is  anything  known  of  either1?  Both 
may  be  Americans,  as  Lancaster  left  England 
for  the  United  States  at  the  age  of  forty, 
and  the  man  represented  in  the  picture  is 
possibly  over  forty.  DAVID  SALMON. 

Swansea. 

"  WHO    PAYS    THE  PIPER  CALLS  THE  TUNE." 

—What  is  the  original  text  of  this  quotation, 
and  whence  does  it  come  1  Has  it  an  equiva- 
lent in  other  languages,  ancient  or  modern  I 

F.  G.  A. 

[MR.  A.  C.  MOUNSEY  at  6th  S.  ix.  248,  in  a  query 
on  "  England  must  pay  the  piper,"  called  an  old 
prophecy  circa  1650,  mentioned  that  in  French 
"Payer  les  violons"  has  long  been  used  in  the 
sense  of  paying  the  expense  of  something  of  which 
others  have  all  the  profit  or  pleasure.  This  refer- 
ence, though  not  quite  what  F.  G.  A.  wants,  may 
interest  him,  and  also  be  of  service  to  Dr.  Murray, 
as  the  'N.E.D.'  under  'Pay'  refers  to  'Piper, 
which  will  not  appear  for  some  little  time.  We 
take  the  opportunity  to  congratulate  Dr.  Murray 
upon  the  handsome  gift  of  the  Goldsmiths'  Com- 
pany towards  the  expense  of  the  'N.E.D.,'  and 
hope  that  some  of  the  other  City  Companies  may 
be  stimulated  to  follow  so  good  a  lead.] 

JOB  HEATH. — Perhaps  some  ^experts  _  in 
genealogical  research  can  supply  information 
respecting  the  family  of  the  Job  Heaths. 
The  earliest  record  that  has  yet  been  found 
of  this  name  is  that  of  Jobe  Heathe,  of 
Chedulton  in  Staffs,  whose  will  was  proved 
at  Lichfield  in  1623.  Between  this  date  and 
1695  there  are  proofs  existing  of  two  or 
three  more  persons  of  this  name,  evidently 
in  the  succession  of  father  arid  son,  but  of 
whose  births  or  baptisms,  marriages,  and 
deaths  no  records  have  yet  been  discovered. 
Warwickshire,  Shropshire,  Staffordshire,  and 
Worcestershire  are  the  counties  whence  may 
have  originated  this  plebeian  branch  of  the 
great  Heath  "  tree."  In  one  or  more  of  these 
traces  should  be  found  of  this  uncommon 
name.  After  1711,  when  one  of  these  Job 


in.  JUNE  IT,  loos.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


469 


Heaths  (of  whom  down  to  quite  recent  times 
there  would  appear  to  be  about  eight  in 
succession)  joined  a  Protestant  Dissenting 
community  in  Alcester,  the  genealogical 
descent  has  been  carefully  preserved,  and 
the  history  of  the  family  from  that  date  as 
written  by  a  late  Nonconformist  divine 
provides  an  interesting  sketch  of  the  charac- 
ter of  the  older  Dissent  and  the  disabilities 
under  which  it  suffered .  One  of  these  later 
Job  Heaths  was  a  member  of  the  Cord- 
wainers'  Company,  and  a  person  of  some 
influence  in  the  commercial  circle  in  which 
he  moved.  His  son  is  mentioned  by  the 
celebrated  bookseller  Lackington  as  pro- 
viding him  employment  on  his  first  arrival 
in  London.  This  eldest  son  of  his,  Job 
Heath,  born  1749,  was  one  of  the  first  and 
most  active  promoters  and  treasurer  of  the 
London  Society  Protestant  Charity  Schools, 
Little  Moorfields.  Job  Heath  of  Alcester 
migrated  to  London  in  1721,  and  resided  in 
Bermondsey ;  and  from  that  date  his 
descendants,  so  far  as  the  line  of  Job  is 
concerned,  have  been  busy  commercial  men 
in  the  metropolis.  SYDNEY  GALLOWAY. 
New  Street,  Aberystwyth. 

[Many  particulars  relating  to  members  of  the 
Heath  family  are  given  by  MR.  ALEYN  LYKLL 
READE  at  9th  S.  xii.  30.] 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED. — 

1.  Do  the  work  that 's  nearest, 

Though  'tis  dull  at  whiles, 
Helping,  when  you  meet  them, 
Lame  dogs  over  stiles. 

Where  in  Charles  Kingsley? 

2.  Greatly  begin  !  though  thou  have  time 

But  for  a  line,  be  that  sublime. 
Not  failure,  but  low  aim,  is  crime. 

3.  He  dropped  the  shuttle  and  the  loom  stood  still, 

The  weaver  slept  in  the  twilight  grey. 
Dear  heart !  he  will  weave  his  beautiful  web 
Jn  the  golden  light  of  a  longer  day. 

E.  M.   SOTHEBY. 

Friend  more  than  servant, 

Loyal,  truthful,  brave, 
Self  .less  than  duty 
Even  to  the  grave. 

G.  T. 
I  've  no  money,  so  you  see 

Peter  never  thinks  of  me : 
I  own  it  to  my  sorrow. 

0  that  I  were  rich,  and  he 
Were  reduced  to  poverty  ! 

What  sweet  revenge  would  be  for  me 
To  marry  him  to-morrow  ! 

J.  S.  INGLE. 

RATES  IN  AID.— By  the  Poor  Law  Act, 
1601,  if  any  parish  was  "unable"  to  main- 
tain its  own  poor,  two  justices  might  order  a 
contribution— called  a  rate  in  aid — to  be 


levied  from  any  other  parish  in  the  same 
hundred.  The  law  books  show  that  this  was 
done  in  a  number  of  cases,  though  the  rate 
was  sometimes  not  upheld  by  the  court. 
Can  any  of  your  readers  tell  me  what 
circumstances  of  poverty  of  a  parish  were 
held,  in  the  seventeenth  or  eighteenth 
century,  to  constitute  "  inability "  of  a 
parish  to  maintain  its  own  poor  1  What  was 
the  rate  in  the  pound  ?  Was  land  unlet  on 
account  of  the  rates?  Or  were  the  poor 
starving,  or  were  the  ratepayers  merely  over- 
taxed ?  EQUITAS. 

KEATS'S  '  GRECIAN  URN'  :  ITS  DATE.— Where 
was  this  magnificent  ode  first  published  ?  In 
the  'Annals  of  the  Fine  Arts,'  1819,  vol.  iv. 
pp.  638-9,  it  is  printed  as  article  xvi.,'  Original 
Poetry,'  the  only  signature  being  a  dagger. 
Mr.  Buxton  Forman,  in  his  edition  of  Keats 
(1884,  p.  xxxi),  says  it  was  first  published  in 
January,  1820.  W.  ROBERTS. 

[Mr.  Buxton  Forman  in  his  edition  of  Keats  in 


Museum  manuscript  volume.  The  poem  appeared  in 
No.  XV.  of  '  Annals  of  the  Fine  Arts,'  headed  '  On  a 
Grecian  Urn,'  and  signed  with  a  'dagger'  (f).  It 
would  seem  to  have  appeared  in  January,  1820."] 

LUNDY  ISLAND.— We  have  heard  it  stated 
that  Lundy  Island  was  for  a  time  in  the 
seventeenth  century  the  abode  of  Algerine 
pirates.  Is  this  a  mere  fable  1  or  has  it  some 
foundation  in  truth  ?  N.  M.  &  A. 

'  THE  MISSAL.'— There  is  a  picture  in  the 
New  Gallery  under  the  above  title.  The 
subject  is  a  young  lady  in  fourteenth- 
century  attire,  seated  under  a  tree  reading  a 
book  of  devotion.  Surely  this  title  is  a  mis- 
nomer ;  a  missal  or  mass- book  would  hardly 
be  used  for  such  a  purpose.  Can  any  of 
your  readers  throw  light  on  the  subject  1 
LEOPOLD  A.  VIDLER. 

The  Stone  House,  Rye. 

SIR  GEORGE  DAVIES,  BART.— Can  any  corre- 
spondent kindly  give  me  particulars  of  Sir 
George  Davies  (created  a  baronet  11  January, 
1685/6),  the  name  of  his  lady,  or  names  of  his 
children?  WM.  JACKSON  PIGOTT. 

Manor  House,  Dundrum,  co.  Down. 

TOMBOLA  CONCERTS.— What  were  the  Tom- 
bola Concerts  of  June,  1843  ?  C.  L.  E.  C. 

PETER  PERSEHOUSE,  third  son  of  Edward 
Persehouse,  of  Gwarnhall,  in  the  parish  of 
Sedgley,  co.  Stafford,  matriculated  at  Christ- 
church,  Oxford,  7  April,  1685,  aged  seventeen, 
and  was  admitted  student  in  the  Middle 


470 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io*  B.  m.  JCXE  17, 1905. 


Temple  1686.  I  shall  be  greatly  obliged  if 
any  correspondent  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  can  give  me 
further  particulars  of  his  life,  the  date  of  his 
death,  and  the  names  and  birth-years  of  any 
children.  P.  MONTFOET. 

Bescot,  Rossall  Beach,  Fleetwood. 

D'AVAUX.— Can  any  reader  tell  me  where 
I  can  see  or  procure  a  copy  of  '  Negociations 
de  M.  le  Cornte  d'Avaux  en  Irlaude,'  issued 
about  1690  in  Paris  ?  I  know  his  '  Negocia- 
tions en  Angleterre,'  but  this  is  a  different 
work.  JOHN  S.  CRONE. 

PARKER  FAMILY.  —  I  should  be  greatly 
obliged  for  any  information  as  to  (1)  the  life 
of  Richard  Parker,  of  Bellbroughton,  a  friend 
of  George  Fox,  the  Quaker;  (2)  Antony 
Parker,  author  of  '  Literary  Miscellanies'  and 
of  a  commonplace  book  (Harleian  MSS., 
No.  4048) ;  (3)  the  Parkers  of  Hagley  and 
Halesowen,  1600-50 ;  (4)  Walter  Parker,  born 
1715,  of  Madeley,  Salop,  and  possibly  of  New- 
castle, and  of  his  descendants  resident  in  the 
United  States  (?).  G.  P. 


SARAH  CURRAN,    ROBERT  EMMET,    AND 
MAJOR  SIRR'S  PAPERS. 

(10th  S.  iii.  303,  413.) 

THE  note  on  the  above  subject  from  MR. 
H.  SIRR  affords  a  notable  illustration  of  how 
the  events  of  history  are  perverted,  and  the 
reputation  of  historical  personages  is  un- 
deservedly besmirched.  I  refer,  of  course, 
not  to  MR.  SIRR'S  own  statements,  but  to  the 
letter  by  the  Rev.  J.  D'Arcy  Sirr,  D.D.,  which 
he  quotes  in  good  faith  from  the  papers  of 
Major  Sirr,  in  Trinity  College,  Dublin.  In 
that  letter  we  are  told,  on  the  authority  of 
this  clergyman,  a  son  of  the  celebrated  Town 
Major  of  Dublin  in  the  troublous  years  at 
the  close  of  the  eighteenth  and  the  opening 
of  the  nineteenth  centuries,  that  the  corre- 
spondence between  Robert  Emmet,  the  young 
revolutionary  leader,  and  his  sweetheart 
barah  Curran,  seized  by  Major  Sirr,  "  tied  up 
and  sealed  in  six  or  seven  immense  piles,  and 
occupying  a  space  of  about  a  yard  square,' 
was  of  so  atrocious  a  character  that  it  \va: 
burnt  out  of  compassion  for  the  girl's  family 
It  is  asserted,  indeed,  by  the  Rev.  J.  D'Arcy 
birr,  who  leads  us  to  suppose  that  he  read 
the  correspondence,  that  in  one  letter  Sarah 
Curran  "gloated  with  satisfaction"  at  the 
prospect  of  seeing  her  father,  John  Philpot 
Curran,  hanging  from  a  tree  in  his  own 
orchard,  on  the  ground,  presumably,  that  he 
was  opposed  to  the  revolutionary  movement 


All  this  is  an  atrocious  aspersion  upon  the 
memories  of  Robert  Em  met  and  Sarah  Curran. 
The  letters  that  passed  between  them  which 
Fell  into  the  hands  of  the  authorities  will  be 
Found  fully  set  out  in  ray  recently  published 
book  'The  Viceroy's  Post- Bag.'  Of  course, 
the  calumnies  of  the  Rev.  J.  D'Arcy  Sirr  are 
totally  destitute  of  foundation.  It  is  sufficient 
to  say  here  that  the  ability,  the  light-hearted- 
ness,  and  the  affection  of  the  girl's  letters  to 
her  lover  impressed  George  III.,  to  whom 
they  were  specially  submitted  because  of 
their  intensely  interesting  character.  These 
letters  I  found  in  the  Home  Office  papers, 
marked  "most  secret  and  confidential,"  to 
which  I  was  permitted  access  by  the  Secre- 
tary of  State.  I  do  not  at  all  doubt  the 
story  that  Major  Sirr  himself  wept  on 
reading  the  correspondence.  My  book  con- 
tains a  graphic  and  dramatic  report  by 
Major  Sirr  to  the  Chief  Secretary  of  the 
incidents  of  his  visit,  early  one  morning,  to 
the  Priory,  Kilmainham,  the  house  of  John 
Philpot  Curran,  to  arrest  Sarah  Curran  and 
seize  her  papers,  it  having  been  discovered 
the  night  before  that  she  was  the  writer  of 
the  unsigned  letters  found  on  Robert  Emmet 
when  he  was  tracked  to  his  hiding-place  by 
the  Town  Major.  The  report  shows  that 
Major  Sirr  was  deeply  moved  by  the  most 
painful  nature  of  the  scene  at  the  Priory. 
He  is  a  personage  of  evil  reputation  in  the  eyes 
of  the  majority  of  the  Irish  people.  In  my 
opinion,  as  a  student  of  that  period  of  Irish 
history,  that  notoriety  is  undeserved.  As 
chief  of  the  Dublin  police,  he  did  no  more 
than  his  duty  in  hunting  down  the  revolu- 
tionaries. MICHAEL  MACDONAGH. 

149,  Abbeville  Road,  Clapham  Park,  S.W. 

The  note  which  I  contributed  was  intended 
to  corroborate,  by  a  reference  to  Major  Sirr's 
papers,  as  suggested  at  the  reference  quoted 
by  me,  the  declaration  of  Mr.  Daly,  though 
it  would  appear  that  Mr.  Daly  has  been  a 
little  too  sweeping.  The  Rev.  Dr.  D'Arcy 
Sirr's  note  refers  to  the  correspondence  be- 
tween Miss  Curran  and  Emmet  which  was  in 
Major  Sirr's  keeping,  and,  not  only  states  it 
was  deliberately  consumed,  but  gives  the 
reason.  FRANCESCA  now  refers  to  letters 
which  were  discovered  in  a  sealed  box  in  the 
State  Paper  Office,  and  remarks  it  is  fortunate 
they  were  not  destroyed  because  they  prove 
Dr.  Sirr  "  was  misinformed  as  to  their  con- 
tents." Dr.  Sirr  wrote  from  his  own  know- 
ledge, and  obviously  he  did  not  refer  to  the 
letters  discovered  by  Mr.  MacDonagh. 

FRANCESCA  evidently  does  not  agree  with 
Madden  and  all  those  sympathizers  with  the 
Irish  rebels  who  called  Major  Sirr  "  trucu- 


io»  B.  in.  jrsE  IT,  MOB.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


471 


lent"  because  he  did  his  duty.  The  celebrated 
speech  of  Outran  in  the  action  of  Hevey  v. 
Sirr,  referred  to  by  FRAXCESCA,  is  given  in 
Howell's  'State  Trials,'  but  with  the  whole 
evidence  and  proceedings  of  the  trial ;  and 
the  matter  was  fully  dealt  with  in  the  corre- 
spondence in  The  Weekly  Irish  Times  which 
followed  '  Kecollections  of  Major  Sirr '  in  the 
same  paper (9 March  to22  June,  1901).  Curran's 
speech  against  Major  Sirr,  if  read  by  itself 
and  without  reflection,  would  seem  to  be 
most  damning :  partisans  so  present  it. 
Briefly,  this  side  issue  of  Major  Sirr's  cha- 
racter, raised  by  the  use  of  the  epithet 
"  truculent,"  may  be  answered  by  the  article 
in  the  'D.N.B.,'  which  considers  the  popular 
mendacity,  and  then  states,  "  But  he  [Major 
Sirr]  was,  as  Sir  Robert  Peel  testified  in  the 
House  of  Commons,  unswervingly  loyal, 
religious,  and  humane."  And  in  the  volume 
of 'D.X.B.'  Errata  a  significant  correction  is 
made  under  'Curran'  of  the  brief  reference 
to  the  speech  at  the  trial  in  question,  while 
under  '  Sirr '  a  reference  is  given  to  Hansard 
for  Sir  Robert  Peel's  testimony,  called  forth 
by  Brougham's  unfair  use  of  Curran's  speech. 
The  name  "  O'Hart,"  in  the  last  line  but 
one  of  col.  1,  p.  413,  is  a  mistake  for  O'Hara. 

H.  SIRR. 

In  ray  copy  of  Maxwell's  '  History  of  the 
Irish  Rebellion  in  1798,'  which  contains  some 
of  Cruikshank's  best  work,  is  an  engraving 
of  'The  Arrest  of  Lord  Edward  FitzGerald,' 
depicting  him  struggling  with  Capts.  Swan 
and  Ryan,  who  are  lying  on  the  floor  and 
holding  him  by  the  legs,  whilst  Major  Sirr  is 
entering  at  the  door  and  firing  a  pistol. 
Mine  is  an  original  copy,  bound  from 
numbers  in  1845,  and  the  impressions  of  the 
plates  are  beautifully  distinct.  I  must,  how- 
ever, say  that  the  best  portion  of  the  letter- 
press and  descriptions  is  contained  in  the 
notes  and  extracts.  The  author  draws  largely 
from  the  stores  of  Sir  Richard  Musgrave  and 
Sir  Jonah  Barrington. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

New  bourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

PHILIPPINA  :  PHILOPCF.KA  (10th  S.  iii.  406).— 
I  can  remember  the  "Philippine"  (I  never 
heard  it  called  anything  else)  back  to,  at 
least,  1854.  I  used  to  play  it  with  my  aunts. 
My  impression  is  that  it  was  then  regarded 
as  an  established  usage  ;  but  I  cannot  speak 
certainly  as  to  this.  My  father  was  at  that 
time  Secretary  of  the  British  Commission  for 
the  Exposition  Universelle  held  in  Paris  in 
1855,  and  it  is  possible  that  in  a  visit  to 
France  he  may  have  picked  up  the  idea  and 
brought  it  home.  Our  way  of  playing  was. 


that  any  one  finding  two  kernels  in  a  nut 
could  invite  another  person  to  "  have  a 
Philippine."  If  the  other  agreed,  each  ate  a 
kernel.  Nothing  more  took  place  till  a  night 
had  gone  by  ;  but,  after  that,  the  first  to 
greet  the  other  with  "  Bon  jour,  Philippe  " 
(or,  if  a  woman  were  addressed,  "Bon  jour, 
Philippine"),  won,  and  the  loser  had  to  give 
the  winner  a  present. 

So  far  as  I  ever  considered  its  derivation. 
I  have  from  childhood  mentally  associated 
the  game  with  Louis  Philippe,  but  H.  de 
Balzac  gives  it  an  Arabian  or  Chinese  origin. 
In  the  Post-scriptum  to  his  'Physiologic  du 
Mariage '  he  says  : — 

"Au  commencement  de  1'Empire,  les  dames 
mirent  a  la  mode  un  jeu  qui  consistaib  a  ne  rien 
accepter  de  la  personne  avec  laquelle  on  convenait 
de  jouer  sans  dire  le  mot  Diculette.  Une  partie 
durait,  comme  bien  vous  pensez,  des  semaines 
entieres,  et  le  comble  de  la  tinesse  etait  de  se  sur- 
prendre  1'un  ou  1'autre  a  recevoir  une  bagatelle  sans 
prononcer  le  mot  sacramentel. — Meme  un  baiser? 
— Oh  !  j'ai  vingt  fois  gagne'  le  Diadestc  ainsi  !  dit  elle 
en  riant. — Ce  fut,  je  crois,  en  ce  moment  et  a  1'occa- 
sion  de  ce  jeu,  dont  1'origine  est  arabe  ou  chinoise, 
que  mon  apologue  obtint  les  honneurs  de  1'impres- 
sion,"  &c. 

In  later  years  I  have  seen  the  Philippine 
played  in  this  way,  neither  of  the  kernel- 
eaters  accepting  anything  from  the  other 
without  saying  a  particular  word.  This  word 
I  have  heard,  but  forget — it  was  not  Philip- 
pine and  it  was  not  Diadeste.  I  am  not  sure 
that  the  recipient  was  not  required  to  say 
"  je  prends,"  but  here  I  own  to  uncertainty. 
FRAXK  REDE  FOWKE. 

24,  Nethertou  Grove,  Chelsea. 

I  distinctly  remember  this  old  game  or 
custom  in  the  later  fifties  in  the  lonely 
Norfolk  moor  where  I  was  born.  It  must 
surely  have  been  there  long  past  its  early 
youth  to  have  reached  so  remote  a  region. 
Indeed,  I  should  say  it  was  getting,  as 
Hamlet  would  say,  "somewhat  musty."  It 
was  always  "Bon  jour,  Philippe,"  or  "Bon 
jour,  Philippine,"  according  to  the  sex  of  the 
person  addressed,  and  was,  of  course,  always 
played  between  two  persons  of  opposite 
sexes.  J.  FOSTER  PALMER. 

8,  Royal  Avenue,  S.W. 

Has  DR.  MURRAY  overlooked  the  fact  that 
this  subject  has  already  been  noticed  in 
'  N.  &  Q.'  1  It  originated  in  Gth  S.  iii.  68,  and 
was  followed  by  contributions  from  ten  dif- 
ferent correspondents  at  iii.  272  and  iv.  174. 

The  following  paragraph  appeared  in  The 
Sunderland  Herald  of  12  November,  1887  :— 

'About  a  year  ago,  the  Grand  Duke  Michael  of 
Russia,  visiting  Paris,  chanced  to  dine  in  the  com- 
pany of  Rosa  Bonheur,  the  great  animal  painter. 


472 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,    [ifl*  8.  HI.  JUNE  17,  i*» 


They  got  on  very  well,  and  at  dessert  they  ate  a 
Philopcena  together— that  is  to  say  shared  a  double 
almond.  But  the  Prince  forgot  to  say  Philopcena, 
and  lost  the  bet.  He  asked  the  artist  what  present 
he  should  give  her,  and  she  laughingly  replied, 
'Any  pretty  little  animal  that  will  do  to  paint.' 
The  Prince  smiled  and  departed.  Nothing  more 
was  heard  of  him,  and  the  lady  had  forgotten  the 
whole  affair,  when  quite  lately  the  Royal  forfeit 
arrived — to  wit,  three  enormous  Polar  bears." 

EVEEARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

BENSON  EARLE  HILL  (10th  S.  iii.  162).— In 
his  'Recollections  of  an  Artillery  Officer'  the 
above  author  relates  that  on  one  of  his 
visits  to  the  forts  and  Martello  towers,  he 
was  politely  invited  to  shelter  himself  from 
a  heavy  shower  by  the  master-gunner: — 

"This  office  is  usually  held  by  a  civilian.  On 
entering  his  room  I  was  struck  by  the  air  of  com- 
fort and  elegance  it  presented.  1  could  not  resist 
congratulating  him  on  his  snug  quarters.  '  Ah  ! 
sir,'  he  said,  with  a  sigh,  'I  endeavour  to  make 
myself  as  happy  as  I  can  under  my  present  circum- 
stances ;  but  if  I  possessed  my  rights,  I  should  now 
have  a  coronet  on  my  brow.'  I  concealed  my  mirth 
at  the  figure  presented  to  my  imagination — the 
master-gunner  blowing  his  fire  with  a  coronet  on 
his  brow.  Some  years  afterwards,  however,  I 
learnt  that  his  statement  was  true,  and  ascertained 
that  he  was  father  of  Lord  — —  whose  restoration 
to  the  Peerage  was  effected  by  the  zeal  and  ability 
of  a  barrister  celebrated  for  his  genealogical  re- 
search. My  acquaintance,  I  am  sorry  to  say,  did 
not  live  to  wear  the  wished-for  coronet.  He  died 
whilst  measures  were  in  progress  that  gave  his  son 
the  rank." 

May  I  inquire  to  what  peerage  case  this 
refers  ?— date  probably  1810-22. 

R.  J.  FYNMORE. 

__  MADAME  VIOLANTE  IN  EDINBURGH  (10th  S. 
iii.  408). — The  following  passages  are  to  be 
found  in  the  'Autobiography'  of  Carlyle  of 
Inveresk,  pp.  46-8  : — 

"The  next  session  of  the  College,  beginning  in 
November,  1737,  I  lodged  in  the  same  house,  and 
had  the  same  companions  as  I  had  the  two  pre- 
ceding years My  acquaintance  with  Dr.  Robert- 
son began  about  this  time I  became  also 

acquainted  with  John  Home  this  year,  though  he 
was  one  year  behind  me  at  College,  and  eight 
months  younger.  He  was  gay  and  talkative,  and  a 
great  favourite  with  his  companions.  I  was  very 
fond  of  dancing,  in  which  I  was  a  great  proficient, 
having  been  taught  at  two  different  periods  in  the 
country,  though  the  manners  were  then  so  strict 
that  I  was  not  allowed  to  exercise  my  talent  at 
penny -weddings,  or  any  balls  but  those  of  the 
dancing-school.  Even  this  would  have  been  denied 
me,  as  it  was  to  Robertson  and  Witherspoon,  and 
other  clergymen's  sons,  at  that  time,  had  it  not 
been  for  the  persuasion  of  those  aunts  of  mine  who 
had  been  bred  in  England,  and  for  some  papers  in 
the  Spectator  which  were  pointed  out  to  my  father, 
which  seemed  to  convince  him  that  dancing  would 
make  me  a  more  accomplished  preacher,  if  ever  I 
had  the  honour  to  mount  the  pulpit.  My  mother, 


too,  who  generally  was  right,  used  her  sway  in  this 
article  of  education.  But  I  had  not  the  means  of 
using  this  talent,  of  which  I  was  not  a  little  vain, 
till  luckily  I  was  introduced  to  Madame  Violante, 
an  Italian  stage-dancer,  who  kept  a  much-frequented 
school  for  young  ladies,  but  admitted  of  no  boys 
above  seven  or  eight  years  of  age,  so  that  she  wished 
very  much  for  senior  lads  to  dunce  with  her  grown- 
tip  misses  weekly  at  her  practisings.  I  became  a 
favourite  of  this  dancing-mistress,  and  attended  her 
very  faithfully  with  two  or  three  of  my  companions, 
and  had  my  choice  of  partners  on  all  occasions, 
insomuch  that  I  became  a  great  proficient  in  this 
branch  at  little  or  no  expense." 

W.  S. 

GUINEA  BALANCES  (10th  S.  iii.  347,  413).— 
I  have  one  of  these  which  belonged  to  my 
great  -  grandfather  ;  therefore  about  the 
latter  half  of  the  eighteenth  century.  It  is 
enclosed  in  a  small  pear-shaped  shagreen 
case,  and  consists  of  a  scale  and  beam,  with  a 
small  sliding  counterpoise  with  a  screw  fine 
adjustment. 

The  beam  is  marked  for  quarter,  half,  and 
one  guinea,  while  the  screw  adjustment  of 
the  counterpoise  can  be  adjusted  for  from 
two  to  twelve  grains.  LAUNCELOT  ARCHER. 

A  guinea  weigher  was  figured  and  described 
in  The  Antiquary  for  July,  1899,  vol.  xxxv. 
pp.  216-17.  G.  L.  APPERSON. 

Wimbledon. 

PRISONERS'  CLOTHES  AS  PERQUISITES  (10tb 
S.  iii.  369).— Perhaps  it  may  interest  some  of 
your  readers  to  recollect  the  scene  when  Gil 
Bias  suffered  a  similar  treatment,  being 
stripped  of  his  own  clothes  and  being  made 
to  put  on  some  of  a  distinctly  inferior 
quality  ('  Gil  Bias,'  ch.  xiii.).  H.  T.  S. 

SIXTEENTH  -  CENTURY  ECONOMIST  (10th  S. 
iii.  369). — Though  I  cannot  give  a  precise 
answer  to  Q.  V.'s  query,  my  studies  in  the 
industrial  history  of  this  country  have  ren- 
dered me  very  familiar  with  the  sentiments 
expressed  by  his  unknown  author.  They 
appear  constantly  in  petitions  for  patent 
privileges.  In  1663  George,  Duke  of  Buck- 
ingham, and  others,  presented  petitions  to 
the  king  on  the  subject  of  glass  manufacture, 
and  on  25  July,  1664,  a  royal  proclamation 
was  issued,  prohibiting  the  importation  of 
certain  glass  manufactures  on  the  ground 
that  the  Venetians  were  flooding  the  markets 
with  their  wares  at  unremunerative  prices, 
with  the  object  of  ruining  "  a  manufac- 
ture lately  found  and  brought  to  perfection." 
This  measure  of  protection  appears  to  have 
satisfied  Buckingham,  and  to  have  exerted  a 
favourable  influence  on  the  development  of 
the  native  flint-glass  industry.  I  have  taken 
this  from  one  of  a  series  of  papers  on  the 


M*B.  in.  JUNE  17, 1905.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


47$ 


history  of  English  glass  -  making,  by  Mr. 
E.  W.  Hulrae,  which  appeared  in  The  Anti- 
quary for  May,  1895,  p.  135.  K.  B.  P. 

"ALLEN"  (10th  S.  iii.  208).— Louis  II.  le 
Bon  et  le  Grand,  the  third  Duke  of  Bourbon, 
1356-1410,  was  one  of  the  hostages  of  the 
treaty  of  Bretigny,  and  remained  in  England 
for  eight  years.  On  his  return  to  Moulins 
he  instituted  (1369)  the  order  of  the  Ecu 
d'Or.  It  consisted  of  a  golden  shield  upon 
•which  was  a  bend  charged  with  the  word 
"Allen,"  "all."  Respecting  the  word  "Allen," 
Favine's  'Theater  of  Honour,'  &c.,  1623, 
p.  487,  says  : — 

"  He  told  them  within  a  while  after,  that  oner- 
thwart  his  Golden-Shield,  hee  had  caused  a  Bende 
to  bee  painted,  containing  in  it  this  Bourbonnois 
word  or  Motto,  Allen ;  as  if  he  intended  to  say, 
Aliens  tous  ensemble  au  seruice  de  Dieu,"  &c. 

On  the  belts  of  the  knights  was  wrought  the 
°'oyeux  mot  "  Esperance."  The  motto  "  Allen  " 
was  placed  upon  their  caps,  and  they  wore 
a  mantle  of  sky-blue  lined  with  red  satin. 
See  '  Historic  Devices,  Badges,  and  War 
Cries,'  by  Mrs.  Bury  Palliser,  1870,  pp.  49-50. 
JOHN  RADCLIFFE. 

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  QUERIES  (10th  S.  iii.  227, 
292). — Regarding  the  (correct)  observation 
made  by  COL.  PRIDEAUX  that,  "  from  a  bib- 
liographical point  of  view,  measurements  from 
a  bound  and  cut  copy  are  almost  useless,"  it 
may  be  in  order  to  remark  that,  after  much 
serious  deliberation,  the  American  Library 
Association  has  adopted,  for  purposes  of 
cataloguing,  the  rule  of  the  Library  of  Con- 
gress partially  quoted  below  : — 

"  Give  height  of  book  (of  cover  in  bound  books) 

in    centimeters,   exact  to  one-half  centimeter 

When  books  are  '  narrow,'  '  square,'  or  '  oblong,' 
or  otherwise  of  very  unusual  size,  give  both 
dimensions." 

See  'A.L.A.  Rules,'  advance  edition,  p.  15, 
section  70,  Washington,  Government  Print- 
ing Office,  Library  Division,  July,  1904. 

A  report  of  a  special  committee  on  book 
sizes,  of  the  American  Library  Association, 
may  be  found  in  Library  Journal,  iii.  19,  20, 
the  rule  then  recommended  being  reprinted 
in  '  Rules  for  a  Dictionary  Catalog,'  by  Chas. 
A.  Cutter,  fourth  edition,  rewritten,  Wash- 
ington, Government  Printing  Office,  1904  (see 
Appendix  ii.  pp.  155-6). 

The  two  works  above  cited  are  of  great 
assistance  to  any  one  preparing  material  for 
a  bibliography,  and  are  positively  invaluable 
to  the  American  librarian.  With  them  and 
the  article  by  George  Watson  Cole  on  '  Com- 
piling a  Bibliography '  as  guides,  even  a 
novice  ought  not  to  go  far  astray.  Every 


bibliographer  and  cataloguer,  however,  well 
knows  that  there  is  a  mine  of  other  material 
to  be  consulted  and  used. 
Mr.  Cole's  contribution  is  noticed  below  :  — 
Cole,  George  Watson.  —  Compiling  a  Bibliography- 
Practical  Hints,  with  Illustrative  Examples,  con- 
cerning the  Collection,  Recording,  and  Arrange- 
ment of  Bibliographical  Materials,  by  George 
Watson  Cole.  An  Address  delivered  before  the 
Pratt  Institute  School  of  Library  Training, 
March  15.  1901  :  reprinted,  with  additions,  from  The 
Library  Journal  (xxvi.  791,  859),  pp.  21.  New  York, 
The  Library  Journal,  1902.—  Two  hundred  and  fifty 
copies  printed  for  private  distribution. 

E.   F.   McPlKE. 
Chicago,  U.S. 

YORK,  1517  AND  1540  (10th  S.  iii.  409).— 
Although  unable  to  answer  MR.  E.  S. 
DODGSON'S  questions,  I  venture  to  think  that 
the  following  notes  may  be  worthy  of  his 
attention.  Drake  ('Eboracum,'  p.  187) 
records  :  "Anno  1489,  sir  John  Gylliot,. 
mayor,  one  John  Dodson  was  fined  forty 
pound  for  not  taking  on  him  the  office  of 
chamberlain." 

Mr.  Robert  Davies  tells  in  '  Walks  through- 
the  City  of  York  '  (pp.  50-51)  that 
"in  the  llth  year  of  King  Henry  VII.  (1496> 
Thomas  Chapman,  a  saddler,  to  avoid  being  elected 
Sheriff,  agreed  to  pay  a  tine  of  1(V.,  and  to  '  give  a, 
hundred  waynscotts  towardes  the  ceillyng  of  the- 
Common  Hall.'  Three  years  afterwards  the  Cor- 
poration agreed  that  the  100  waynscots  given  by- 
Thomas  Chapman,  together  with  20  given  by 
Thomas  Jameson  and  40  by  John  Doggeson,  should 
be  delivered  to  the  Master  of  the  Guild  of  St.  Chris- 
topher and  St.  George  towards  the  'selyng'  of  the 
walls  of  the  common  hall,  and  the  guild  to  pay  the 
costs  of  the  selyng  thereof.  Both  Thomas  Jameson 
and  John  Doggeson  subsequently  filled  the  office  of 
Lord  Mayor,  and  very  probably  theirs  are  among 
the  merchants'  marks  which  now  adorn  the  bosses 
of  the  ceiling  of  the  hall  they  contributed  to 
complete." 

Mr.  R.  H.  Scaife,  who  annotated  Mr. 
Davies's  work,  added  the  information  :  — 

"John  Dodgson  was  elected  Lord  Mayor 
14th  November,  1508,  in  the  room  of  John  Petty,. 
who  died  in  office.  Eight  years  afterwards  he 
again  filled  the  civic  chair,  being  appointed 
15th  March,  1516/17,  by  the  King's  letters  patent, 
vice  William  Nelson,  whose  election  had  been 
declared  void  owing  to  his  being  a  prisoner  in  the 
Fleet,  London.  Alderman  Uodgson  died  Jn  1531, 
and  was  interred  in  the  church  of  St.  Nicholas,, 
Micklegate." 

ST.  SWITHIN. 


LONGMAN,  BARREL-ORGAN  BUILDER,  C 
SIDE  (10th  8.  iii.  348).—  John  Longman,  of 
Penton  Street.  Pentonville,  in  the  county  o£ 
Middlesex,  organ  builder,  obtained  a  patent 
for  barrel  organs  on  27  January,  1801 
(No.  2468).  This  is  probably  the  John  Long- 
man mentioned  at  the  above  reference  aa 


474 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io<»  s.  m.  JUNE  17,  i%5. 


having  a  shop  at  131,  Cheapside,  Penton 
•Street  being  perhaps  the  address  of  his 
.factory.  The  firm  of  Longman  &,  Broderip 
was  eventually  merged  into  that  of  Collard 
&  Collard,  which  still  flourishes.  See  the 
notice  of  F.  W.  Uollard  in  the  'Dictionary 
of  National  Biography.'  Your  correspondent 
can  consult  Longman's  specification  at  the 
Patent  Office,  25,  Southampton  Buildings, 
^Chancery  Lane,  at  the  Science  Library,  South 
Kensington,  or  at  the  British  Museum.  If 
the  specification  is  still  in  print,  he  can 
purchase  a  copy  at  the  Patent  Office,  price 
$d.  post  free.  II.  B.  P. 

MR.  MOXHAY,  LEICESTER  SQUARE  SHOWMAN 
<10th  S.  iii.  307,  357,  395).— Some  thirty  years 
ago,  when  Mr.  Albert  Grant's  laying  out  and 
beautifying  of  Leicester  Square  had  just  been 
accomplished,  and  its  custody  handed  over  to 
the  Metropolitan  Board  of  Works,  The  Graphic, 
(4  July,  1874)  published  two  illustrations,  one 
depicting  '  The  Square  in  1753,'  and  the  other 
*  The  Square  in  1874.'  In  both  of  these  pic- 
tures the  centre  of  the  square  is  seen  enclosed 
and  prettily  laid  out,  the  principal  ornament 
in  the  former  picture  being  the  statue  of 
•George  II.,  and  that  in  the  latter  the  statue 
of  Shakespeare.  From  the  letterpress  which 
accompanied  the  pictures  I  gather  that  Mr. 
Wyld's  "Great  Globe"  was  set  up  in  the 
enclosure  in  1851,  and  that  "a  few  years  later 
a  legal  decision  compelled  its  removal."  In 
*Old  and  New  London'  (iii.  171)  it  is  stated 
that  the  "Great  Globe"  occupied  the  square 
"for  about  ten  years." 

Probably  many  interesting  particulars 
-could  be  obtained  from  a  perusal  of  Tom 
Taylor's  '  Leicester  Square :  its  Associations 
and  its  Worthies'  (Bickers  £  Son).  It  was 
lengthily  reviewed  in  The  Illustrated  London 
Jfews  of  5  September,  1874.  From  a  copy  of 
this  review  in  my  possession  I  gather  that 
the  book  contains  a  chapter  on  'The  Shows 
of  the  Square,'  including  Wyld's  "Great 
•Globe"  and  Burford's  Panorama. 

Barker  and  Burford's  Panorama  was  not 
•erected  in  the  centre  of  the  square,  but 
occupied  premises  in  the  north-east  corner. 
Here  the  first  panorama  was  produced  by 
Robert  Barker  in  the  year  1794.  Timbs 
('Curiosities  of  London')  gives  an  account 
of  this  under  '  Panoramas,'  whence  I  gain  the 
information  that 

"Robert  Barker  was  succeeded  by  his  son,  Henry 
Aston  Barker,  on  whose  retirement  John  Burford, 
Jiis  pupil,  became  painter  and  proprietor,  and  was 
succeeded  in  1823  by  his  son,  Robert  Burford,  the 
.present  [1855]  proprietor." 

In  '  The  Picture  of  London  for  1803 '  (p.  218) 
as  the  following  paragraph  : — 


"Mr.  Barker's  Panorama  is  constantly  open  in 
Leicester  Square,  and  may  be  fairly  entitled  the 
triumph  of  perspective.  The  inventor  and  proprietor, 
Mr.  Barker,  has  at  different  times  exhibited  views  of 
great  cities,  of  naval  engagements,  &c.,  &c.,  in  which 
the  illusion  is  so  complete  that  the  spectator  may 
fairly  imagine  he  is  present  at  the  display  of  the 
real  scenery.  The  price  of  admission  is  one 
shilling." 

In  Leigh's  'New  Picture  of  London'  (1839) 
it  is  referred  to  as  "  Burford's  Panorama,"  and 
in  The  Literary  World  of  22  June,  1839,  a 
description  is  given  of  Mr.  Burford's  new 
panorama  of  "the  Harbour  of  Malta  during 
the  embarkation  of  the  Queen  Dowager  of 
England."  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

SPENSER'S  'EPITHALAMION'  (10th  S.  iii.  246, 
412).— The  spelling  meant  by  dore  is  not  deer, 
but  dere,  the  usual  Elizabethan  form  of  deer. 
The  right  reading  in  the  second  line  is 
certainly  "use  to  towre";  not  used.  The 
verb  towre  refers,  as  suggested,  to  the  deer. 
It  can  hardly  mean  "  to  roam  about,"  as  I 
believe  that  no  such  sense  of  towre  was  then 
known.  There  is  no  authority  for  "rear 
their  stately  heads."  It  simply  means  "  to 
ascend  on  high,"  as  in  Shakespeare. 

I  have  proved  that  confusion  in  writing 
between  e  and  o  was  very  common  in  the 
fifteenth  and  sixteenth  centuries.  In  the 
present  case  it  is  settled  by  the  metre. 

The  reading  use  is  that  in  Todd's  edition. 
WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

"  WRONG  SIDE  OF  THE  BED"  (10th  S.  iii.  409). 
— There  is  an  old  saying  which  declares  that 
it  is  lucky  to  get  out  of  bed  on  the  right 
side,  so  that  per  contra  it  is  an  act  of  ill- 
omen  to  leave  it  on  the  other  side.  A  testy, 
cross-grained  temper  is  attributed,  therefore, 
to  its  owner  having  got  out  of  bed  the  wrong 
or  left  side  : — 

You  rise  on  your  right  side  to-day,  marry. 

Marston,  '  What  You  Will,'  1607. 
You  rose  o'  your  right  side. 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  '  Women  Pleased.' 
J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

MARY  MASTERS  (10th  S.  iii.  404).— The  Mrs. 
Masters  who  died  at  Brook,  in  Kent,  27  Sept., 
1759,  most  probably  is  Elizabeth,  the  widow 
of  Streynsham  Master  (sic),  of  Brook,  in  the 
parish  of  Wingham,  Kent,  who  died  22  June, 
1724,  aged  forty-three,  and  to  his  memory 
his  widow  placed  a  tablet  in  the  Brook 
chantry  chapel,  on  the  north  side  of  the 
chancel  of  Wingham  Church.  The  inscrip- 
tion is  printed  in  Arch.  Cantiana,  vol.  vi. 
p.  283.  He  was  only  son  of  James  Master  (sic), 
of  East  Langdon,  Kent  (see  Arch.  Cantiana, 
vol.  v.).  The  monumental  inscription  is  too 


io'"  s.  in.  JUXK  IT,  IMS.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


475 


long  for  insertion  in  CN.  &  Q.,'  and  of  no 
especial  interest,  but  I  could  send  a  copy 
direct  to  MR.  COURTNEY  if  he  wishes. 

Elizabeth  Master  was  the  only  daughter 
of  Richard  Oxenden  (fifth  son  of  Sir  Henry 
Oxenden,  Bt.,  of  Dean,  or  Dene,  in  Wing 
ham);  and  she  also  placed  a  tablet  in  the 
same  church  to  her  aunt  Mary  (Oxenden), 
who  died  in  1741,  and  was  the  second  wife 
of  Archdeacon  John  Battely. 

ARTHUR  HUSSEY. 

Tankerton-on-Sea,  Kent. 

SUPPRESSION  OF  DUELLING  IN  ENGLAND 
<10th  8.  ii.  367,  435;  iii.  16).— I  venture  to 
point  out  that  the  ridiculous  nature  of  the 
duel  between  the  Hon.  G.  C.  F.  Grantley 
Berkeley,  M.P.,  and  Dr.  Maginn,  author  and 
journalist,  and  its  bloodless  termination, 
helped  to  seal  the  doom  of  the  once  fashion- 
able practice  of  duelling.  As  a  matter  of 
course,  there  was  a  lady  in  the  case.  Mr. 
Berkeley  wrote  and  published  a  novel,  which 
Dr.  Maginn  reviewed  in  Fraser's  Magazine, 
not,  however,  confining  himself  to  fair 
criticism,  but  using  insinuations  against  a 
female  relative  of  the  author.  In  consequence 
a  meeting  took  place,  and  three  shots  were 
fired,  but  without  effect.  The  publicity 
gained  for  the  transaction,  to  use  the  words 
of  The  Times, 

"put  a  wholesome  restraint  upon  the  herd  of 
libellers  who,  in  The  Age  and  The  Satirist  news- 
papers, and  in  Fraser's  Magazine,  had  been  for 
years  recklessly  trading  upon  scandals  affecting 
families  of  distinction." 

For  a  list  of  memorable  duels  from  1712  to 
1870  see  'Haydn's  Dictionary  of  Dates,'  in 
which  it  is  mentioned  that  Don  Enrique  de 
Bourbon  was  killed  by  the  Due  de  Mont- 
pensier,  near  Mad  rid.  after  much  provocation, 
on  12  March,  1870.  HENRY  GERALD  HOPE. 

119,  Elms  Road,  Clapham,  S.W. 

The  following  may  be  added  to  the  biblio- 
graphy already  given  :  'The  Field  of  Honor: 
being  a  Complete  and  Comprehensive  History 
of  Duelling  in  all  Countries,'  by  Major  Ben 
O.  Truman  (New  York,  Fords,  Howard  & 
Hulbert),  1884.  ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

Some  interesting  information  on  duelling 
-may  be  found  in  Sir  Jonah  Barrington's 
'Personal  Sketches  of  his  Own  Times'  (Lon- 
don, 1830),  containing  reminiscences  of  Ireland 


"  GOYLE"  (10th  S.  iii.  429).— The  Southern 
goyle,  a  watercourse,  answers  to  the  Nor- 
thern r/owl,  a  hollow  passage,  defile  between 
mountains,  spelt  goole  in  1542;  see  'Eng. 
Dial.  Diet.'  It  also  appears  in  'N.E.D.'  as 
gool,  f/oule,  a  small  stream  ;  gull,  a  mouth, 
orifice,  a  gully^  breach  or  fissure  made  by 
a  stream.  It  is,  like  many  other  dialectal 
words,  of  Norman  origin  ;  from  O.F.  gole, 
goule,  mod.  F.  gueule,  orig.  "  throat,"  from 
L.  gula.  The  same  F.  or  L.  word  has  found 
its  way  into  Dutch  in  the  form  geul.  a  gully, 
trench,  inlet,  cove  ;  and  into  E.  Friesic  as 
ffdle,  a  hollow  depression,  rill,  watercourse. 
Of.  also  Swed.  <j'6l,  a  mere,  a  pool,  where  the 
idea  of  "depression"  alone  occurs,  without 
any  notion  of  "  passage."  The  modern  E. 
gully  represents  the  senses  of  it  fairly  well. 
WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

Goyle  seems  merely  a  dialectic  form  of 
gull;/,  from  gueule,  Lat.  gula.  Cf.  toil  from 
toui'llcr,  and  boil  from  bouillir,  Lat.  bullire 
and  bullare.  H.  A.  STRONG. 

The  University,  Liverpool. 

MR.  SATTERTHWAITE  is  not  quite  correct  in 
assuming  that  goyle  or  goyal,  in  West-Country 
lingo,  means  a  watercourse.  It  is  a  ravine. 
There  is  Smalacombe  Goya],  for  instance, 
near  Dawlish.  Mrs.  Hewett  in  her  '  Peasant 
Speech  of  Devon  '  (1892)  gives  an  illustration 
of  the  use  of  this  word,  culled  from  The 
Tiverton  Gazette  for  13  September,  1889  :  "It 
is  reported  that  a  man  at  Clayhanger,  near 
Bampton  (Devon),  went  scaring  rooks,  and 
'  zeed  a  deyd  sheep  down  the  goyle  pin  tap 
is  back.'"  HARRY  HEMS. 

Fair  Park,  Exeter. 

[W.  C.  B.,  MR.  E.  H.  COLEMAN,  H.  K.,  and  MR, 
J.  H.  MAcMiciiAEL  also  thanked  for  replies.] 

TUNBRIDGE  WELLS  AND  DISTRICT  (10th  S. 
ii.  429).— I  have  pleasure  in  mentioning  _a 
!ew  places  of   antiquarian    interest  within 
easy  reach  of  Tuubridge  Wells. 

St.  Mary's  Abbey,  Mailing,  about  ten  miles 
;o  the  east  of  the  Wells,  contains  some  ex- 
ellent  Norman  work  in  good  preservation, 
and  the  remains  of  the  Pilgrims'  Bath  still 
exist  in  the  grounds. 

Quite    near    the  abbey  is    St.    Leonard's 
Dower,  the  oldest  Norman  building  we  pos- 
sess.   There  is    some  doubt  as  to  whether 
this  was  originally  part  of  a  monastery  or 


about  the  date  of  the  Union,  and,  if  I  mistake  i  keep.     Personally  I  favour  the  latter  theory. 


aiot,  a  code  of  duelling  is  inserted.  But 
whether  all  his  reminiscences  are  true  is 
•doubtful.  A  Fellow  of  Trinity  College, 
Dublin,  told  me  once  "not  more  than  half 
were."  JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge, 


Lisbourne  Castle,  on  the  Rochester  road, 
is  a  fine  Edwardian  ruin,  and  well  worthy  a 
visit. 

About  the  most  interesting  object,  how- 
ever, in  the  neighbourhood  is  Offham  Church, 
one  mile  to  the  west  of  Mailing.  Small  an  1 


476 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     tio'-  s.  HI.  JUNE  17, 1905. 


secluded,  it  is  a  very  feast  for  the  archaeo- 
logist. One  of  its  chief  characteristics  is 
the  beautiful  early  fourteenth-century  east 
window,  which  will  alone  repay  a  journey. 

An  antiquary  staying  at  Tunbridge  Wells 
would  find  it  worth  his  while  to  spend  some 
days  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Mailing,  making 
that  town  his  centre  from  which  to  visit  the 
numerous  places  of  interest  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood. JOHN  SYDNEY  HAM. 

Portions  of  the  first  Carmelite  friary  in 
England  are  still  to  be  seen  at  Aylesford. 
Boxley  Abbey  remains ;  Bay  ham,  ditto ;  Leeds 
Castle ;  Mailing  Abbey  gateway,  a  huge 
Norman  structure ;  Rochester  Cathedral, 
formerly  a  priory— all  within  easy  reach  of 
Tuubridge  Wells.  JOHN  A.  RANDOLPH. 

"!N  CAUDA  VENENUM"  (10th  S.  iii.  428).— I 
have  alsvays  regarded  this  saying  as  derived 
from  the  well-known  definition  of  an  epigram, 
which  occurs  in  a  variety  of  forms,  e.g.  : — 

Omne  epigramma  sit  instar  apis,  sit  aculeus  illi, 

Sint  sua  niella,  sit  efc  corporis  exigui. 

King,  third  edition,  p.  395. 

An  English  version  is  : — 

The  qualities  rare  in  a  bee  that  we  meet 
In  an  epigram  never  should  fail — 

The  body  should  always  be  little  and  sweet, 
And  a  sting  should  be  left  in  its  tail. 

Mr.  Dodgson's  version  is  : — 
Three  things  must  epigrams,  like  bees,  possess  : 
Their  sting,  their  honey,  and  their  littleness. 

Topsell,  in  his  '  Serpents '  (1653),  p.  756, 
states  : — 

"Some  learned  Writers have  compared  s 

Scorpion  to  an  Epigram because  as  the  sting  o) 

the  Scorpion  lyeth  in  the  feayl,  so  the  force  anc 
vertue  of  an  Epigram  is  in  the  conclusion." — 
Quoted  by  'JST.E.D.,'  sub  roc.  'Epigram.' 

Defoe,  in  his  'Tour  in  the  Eastern  Coun 
ties '  (1724),  Letter  i.  (ed.  1894,  p.  107),  says  : 

"The  assembly  he  [="a  late  writer"]  justlj 
commends  for  the  bright  appearance  of  the  beauties 
but  with  a  sting  in  the  tail  of  this  compliment 
where  he  says  they  seldom  end  without  some  con 
siderable  match  or  intrigue  ;  and  yet  he  owns  tha 
during  the  fair  these  assemblies  are  held  ever 
night." 

WM.  SWAN  SONNENSCIIEIN. 

NORMAN  INSCRIPTIONS  IN  YORKSHIRE  (10' 
S.  iii.  349,  397).— May  I  thank  Miss  POLLARD 
and  LORD  SHERBORNE  for  their  letters,  am 
suggest  that  we  are  no  nearer  a  solutio 
even  after  their  criticisms?  The  headin 
given  above  is  perhaps  a  little  unfortunate 
but  the  inscriptions  were  called  old  Frenc 
in  the  note  itself,  so  there  need  have  been  n 
confusion.  The  wording  was  rightly  given 
"Dieu  temple  y  aide  et  garde  du  royne" 
therefo/e  "  du  royne  "  cannot  be  put  for  de  I 


n7ie,  as  reine  is  of  the  feminine  gender, 
urther,  as  "temple  "  is  declared  not  to  have 
een  Norrnan  French,  it  is  no  use  explaining 

royne"  by  recourse  to  any  Norman  word, 
n  regard  to  "salme,"  the  difficulty  does  not 
e  in  the  elision  of  the  a  of  sa  before  a 
eminine  noun,  for  this  is  quite  a  common 
sage,  but  in  the  fact  that  an  I  is  inserted  in 

word  that  is  anima  in  Latin  and  dme  ia 
nodern  French.  We  have  in  Spanish  and 
n  Italian  alma,  in  Provencal  anma  and  arma% 
n  old  French  alme  and  ainme,  but  why  1 

G.  H.  CLARKE. 

THE  STREETS  OP  LONDON  '  (10th  S.  iii.  428> 
— In  the  eighties,  when  George  R.  Sims's 
The  Lights  o'  London'  was  being  presented 
t  the  Princess's  Theatre,  Oxford  Street,  the 
olio  wing  lines  appeared  in  the  advertise,- 
nent  in  the  London  daily  papers  :— 

The  way  was  long  and  weary, 

But  gallantly  they  strode, 
A  country  lad  and  lassie, 
Along  the  heavy  road. 
The  night  wa«  dark  and  stormy, 
But  blythe  of  heart  were  they, 
For  shining  in  the  distance 

The  Lights  of  London  lay  ! 
0  gleaming  lamps  of  London,  that  gem  the  city's- 

crown, 

iVhat  fortunes  lie  within  you,  0  Lights-ofi  London* 
Town  ! 

With  faces  worn  and  weary, 
That  told  of  sorrow's  load,. 
One  day  a  man  and  woman 

Crept  down  a  country  roadi. 
They  sought  their  native  village^. 

Heart-broken  from  the  fray  ; 
Yet  shining  still  behind  them 

The  Lights  of  London  lay. 
0  cruel  lamps  of  London,  if  tears  your  light  could" 

drown, 
Your  victims'  eyes  would  weep  them,  0  Lights  of 

London  Town  !  George  R.  Sims. 

The  song  was  set  to  music  by  Louis  Diehl* 
My  copy  is  at  the  querist's  service. 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 
West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

"GuARDiNGs"  (10th  S.  iii.  429).— If  your 
correspondent,  when  consulting  the  '  H.E.D./ 
had  only  turned  to  the  word  garden,  he  would? 
have  found  that  yarding,  gardyng,  and  r/aird- 
iny  are  there  recognized  as  Scotch  spellings  ; 
and  one  quotation  also  gives  garthynge  as  in 
use  in  the  Northern  Counties  in  1522.  It 
now  appears  that  the  same  form  also  once 
obtained  in  Norfolk.  I  believe  I  have  heard 
it  myself,  but  I  cannot  now  remember  where,s 
WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

It  is  customary  amongst  the  lower- 
classes  to  knock  off  the  g  in  most  wordss 
ending  in  ing.  Some  of  the  agi/sjculturab 
labourers  hereabouts  who  habitually  do  this; 


io*  s.  iii.  JrxE  IT,  MOB.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


477 


are  evidently  cognizant  of  the  fact,  for  I 
have  noted  several  instances  in  which  the 
•speaker,  doubtless  wishing  to  convey  the 
impression  of  an  easy  familiarity  with  the 
usages  of  polite  society,  was  careful  to  pro- 
nounce the  word  garden  as  though  it  were 
written  f/ard-ing.  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

"  MAY-DEWING''  (10th  S.  Hi.  429).— The  quo- 
tations given  by  MR.  COLEMAN  from  Pepys's 
'Diary,'  that  Mrs.  Pepys  and  her  friends 
went  on  29  May,  1667,  and  on  1 1  May,  1669, 
to  gather  May  dew,  "  which  Mrs.  Turner  hath 
taught  her  is  the  only  thing  in  the  world  to 
wash  her  face  with,"  shows  clearly,  I  think, 
that  the  supposed  efficacy  of  May-dew  was 
not  limited  to  the  first  day  of  that  month, 
though,  as  the  first  day  of  summer,  the 
balance  of  popular  favour  would  incline  to 
give  it  the  preference. 

In  Act  IV.  sc.  ii.  of  'A  Midsummer  Night's 
Dream '  Theseus  explains  as  the  reason  for 
Egeus's  daughter  and  her  companions  being 
asleep  on  the  mountain  top,  "No doubt  they 
rose  up  early  to  observe  The  rite  of  May,"  but 
whether  to  celebrate  the  return  of  summer 
or  improve  their  complexions  is  not  apparent. 

In  olden  days  May-dew  was  credited  with 
medicinal  virtues.  Lord  Chancellor  Bacon 
in  his  'Sylva  Sylvarum'  (sect.  781,  eighth 
cent.)  writes  :  "I  suppose  that  he  who  would 
gather  the  best  May-dew  for  medicine,  should 
gather  from  the  hills." 

Wildrake,  in  Walter  Scott's  novel  of  '  Wood- 
stock,' chap,  xv.,  says  :  "He  sleeps  as  lightly 
as  a  maiden  on  the  1st  of  May  when  she 
watches  for  the  earliest  beam  to  go  to  gather 
dew." 

Charles  Knight  in  vol.  i.  chap.  x.  of  'Lon- 
don '  refers  to  the  practice  of  our  ancestors 
at  the  close  of  the  eighteenth  century,  and 
adds : — 

"It  is  recorded  that  on  1st  May,  according  to 
annual  and  superstitious  custom,  numbers  of  per- 
sons went  out  into  the  fields,  and  bathed  their 
faces  with  the  dew  of  the  grass,  under  the  idea  that 
it  would  render  their  faces  beautiful/' 

In  1st  S.  ii.  474  H.  G.  T.  writes  :— 

"  In  the  neighbourhood  of  Launceston  the  poor 
people  tell  me  that  swellings  of  the  neck  and 
children  with  weak  backs  may  be  cured  by  the 
application  of  dew  before  sunrise  on  1st  May,  and 
that  the  common  notion  of  improving  the  com- 
plexion by  washing  the  face  with  early  dew  on  that 
day  extensively  prevails." 

A  similar  custom  appears  to  have  existed 
in  Spain,  for  James  Howell,  historiographer 
to  Charles  II.,  remarks  in  his  letter  to  Capt. 
Thomas  Porter,  dated  Madrid,  10  July,  1623 
{'Familiar  Letters,'  p.  169) : — 


"Not  long  since  the  Prince,  understanding  that 
the  Infanta  was  used  to  go  some  mornings  to  the 
Casa  de  Campp,  a  summer  house  the  King  hath 
taken  t'other  side  of  the  river,  to  gather  May-dew, 
he  rose  betimes  and  went  thither." 

The  custom  is  declining,  as  noticed  in  the 
song  of  '  The  Brave  Old  Oak ' : — 

In  the  days  of  old,  when  the  spring  of  gold 

Was  lighting  its  branches  grey, 
Through  the  grass  at  his  feet  crept  the  maiden  sweet 

To  gather  the  dew  of  May  ; 

and   by  Wordsworth   in   his   '  Ode  on   May 
Morning ' : — 

Time  was,  blest  Power  !  when  youths  and  maids 

At  peep  of  dawn  would  rise, 
And  wander  forth  in  forest  glade 

Thy  birth  to  solemnize. 

It  will  soon  die  out  altogether,  and  the 
custom  practised  annually  by  our  forefathers 
will  abide  with  us  only  as  an  interesting 
reminiscence.  JAMES  WATSON. 

Folkestone. 

HASWELL  FAMILY  (10th  S.  iii.  225,  313,  376). 
— The  information  supplied  by  H.  P.  L.  (ante, 
p.  313)  that  mask  is  a  well-known  dialectic 
form  may  be  most  valuable  to  me.  MR. 
HASWELL  wrote  privately  to  me  inquiring 
whether  I  knew  the  provenience  (to  anglicize 
a  useful  French  word)  of  my  Bible.  I  do  not, 
though  I  have  surmised  that  it  comes  from 
the  neighbourhood  of  Calveley  or  Haslington, 
Cheshire.  Accident  has  now  acquainted  me 
with  the  fact  that  Hassall  is  a  place-name  in 
that  neighbourhood,  and  has  been  an  ex- 
tremely common  surname.  If  H.  P.  L.  could 
state  whether  mash  would  be  used  in  Che- 
shire about  1710,  or  whether  we  must  look  to 
Southampton,  as  MR.  HASWELL  proposes,  it 
would  simplify  the  problem. 

I  may  add  that  the  places  in  Cheshire 
where,  so  far,  I  can  trace  Hassalls  (the  name 
is  spelt  differently  in  some  cases,  eg.,  Has- 
wall)  are  Warmingham,  Willaston,  Calveley, 
Hatherton,  Nantwich,  Occleston,  Middle- 
wich,  Haslington,  Audlem,  Hankelow,  Sand- 
bach,  Church  Minshull,  and  Newhall. 
Perhaps  some  correspondent  in  this  dis- 
trict could  persuade  the  incumbents  of 
these  parishes  to  examine  their  records 
for  the  baptisms  of  the  Haswells  in  question. 
They  might  be  rewarded  by  learning  that 
their  church  steeple  was  thrown  down  in 
"  the  great  gale."  P.  MONTFORT. 

MAIDEN  LANE,  MALDEN  (10th  S.  iii.  329, 
394). — If,  instead  of  consulting  the  Index 
merely,  MR.  COLEMAN  had  looked  at  the 
articles  indicated,  he  would  have  seen  that 
they  do  not  supply  the  information  required. 
I  had  already  consulted  them  and  other 
authorities  without  success.  AYEAHR. 


478 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io<>-  B.  in.  JUNE  17, 1905. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

Minor  Poets  of  the  Caroline  Period,  containing 
Chamberlay  ne's  '  Pharonnida '  and  '  England'. 
Jubilee,'  Benlow&fs  '  TheopliilaJ  and  the  Poems  o, 
Katherine  Philips  and  Patrick  Hannay.  Vol.  I, 
Edited  by  George  Saintsbury,  M.A.  (Oxford, 
Clarendon  Press.) 
WITH  the  completion  of  the  series  of  poets,  the 
first  volume  of  which  now  appears,  another  obliga- 
tion will  be  incurred  to  that  great  and  spirited 
institution,  the  Clarendon  Press.  Works  of  this 
class  offer  a  special  attraction  to  the  scholar.  For 
ourselves  they  have  wonderful  fascination,  and  we 
were  once— but  that  is  long  ago— sanguine  enough 
to  hope  for  the  publication  of  a  complete  series 
of  Tudor  dramatists  in  a  form  corresponding  to  the 
present.  Most  of  the  works  now  reprinted  have 
been  familiar  to  us  for  half  a  century — an  assertion, 
we  fancy,  few  can  now  make — and  we  have  watched 
some  of  them  grow  into  rarity.  Except  in  the  case 
of  Katherine  Philips  ("The  Matchless  Orinda"),  this 
is  scarcely  true  of  the  original  editions.  Patrick 
Hannay  was  always  exceedingly  rare,  and  Benlowes 
and  Chamberlayne  were  not  easily  encountered. 
Singer's  reprint  of  '  Pharonnida '  was  long  attainable 
for  a  few  shillings,  but  has  lately  mounted  in  price. 
'JEngland's  Jubilee'  was  not  included  in  Singer's 
reprint,  and  was,  indeed,  unknown  to  us,  as  it 
probably  was  to  Singer,  until  its  present  reappear- 
ance. This  work  must  be,  in  the  original,  of 
extreme  rarity,  since  the  British  Museum  copy,  from 
which,  presumably,  this  is  drawn,  is  without  a 
title-page.  It  is  a  mere  tractate,  consisting  of  about 
300  lines,  on  the  Restoration,  and  is,  says  Prof. 
Saintsbury,  next  in  merit  of  such  poems  toBryden's. 
Chamberlayne's  works  occupy  well  on  to  half  the 
volume — 303  pages  out  of  7-6.  Benlowes's  '  Theo- 
phila  '  is  now  little  known  and  scarcely  accessible. 
It  contains  some  vigorous  thought  and  language, 
mixed  with  indescribable  instances  of  bathos.  Prof. 
Saintsbury  has  an  erudite  note  upon  these  marvel- 
lous lines : — 
Betimes,  when  keen-breath'd  winds,  with  frosty 

cream, 

Periwig  bald  trees,  glaze  talking  stream  : 
For  May-games  past,  white-sheet  peccari  is  Winter's 

theme. 

A  few  other  poems  of  Benlowes  are  also  given.  A 
reduction  of  the  illustration  to  '  Theophila,'  canto  v., 
serves  as  frontispiece  to  the  present  volume.  We 
have  always  had  a  difficulty  in  looking  upon 
Katherine  Philips  as  specially  rare,  having  never 
been  without  one  or  more  copies  of  the  early  editions 
upon  our  shelves.  She  occupies,  however,  a  niche  in 
literary  history,  and  has  been  of  late  the  subject  of 
much  study.  In  addition  to  the  reprinted  poems, 
an  appendix  gives  the  songs  from  '  Pompey,'  a  trans- 
lation by  her  from  Corneille,  executed  at  the  sug- 
gestion of  the  Earl  of  Orrery.  Patrick  Hannay's 
poems  we  have  hitherto  known  only  in  the  admirable 
reprints  issued  by  the  Hunteriari  Club,  a  society  the 
publications  of  which  have  never  received  their  full 
recognition.  The  present  reprint  should  go  far  to 
popularize  the  work  of  a  writer  whose  narrative 
poems  are  gracefully  written.  Hannay,  it  is  sup- 
posed, died  in  1629,  and  so  just  comes  within  the 
true  Caroline  period.  For  succeeding  volumes  of 
the  series  we  shall  look  with  extreme  interest. 


\V  ither— though  Mr.  Bullen  has  issued  an  edition 
virtually  of  his  juvenilia  —  remains  the  least 
accessible,  as  he  is  the  most  inspired,  poet  of  the 
period— always,  of  course,  excepting  Milton.  He  is, 
however,  far  too  voluminous  for  a  complete  reprint 
to  be  attempted,  since  he  alone  would  occupy  two 
or  three  volumes  such  as  the  present.  Something 
like  a  complete  edition  has  been  given  on  very  un- 
comfortable paper  by  the  Spenser  Society  — an 
ambitious  and  happily  conceived,  but  mismanaged 
institution.  The  poems  of  the  Duchess  of  New- 
castle have  a  distinct  claim  on  attention.  Some  of 
them  are  admirable  in  fancy.  We  must  wait,  how- 
ever, to  see  what  works  are  in  contemplation 
DAvenant's  (not  Davenant's)  'Gondibert'  is 
naturally  mentioned.  Prof.  Saintsbury's  intro- 
duction and  his  comments  generally  are  worthy  of 
that  brilliant  scholar. 

Greek    Thinkers.     By    Prof.    Theodor    Gomperz. 

Vols.  II.  and  III.     (Murray.) 

THE  second  and  third  volumes  of  this  remarkable 
work  have  now  been  issued  simultaneously  by  Mr 
Murray,  and  carry  the  history  of  ancient  philosophy 
from  Socrates  to  the  death  of  Plato.  We  have  read 
them  with  increased  admiration  for  the  gifts  of  the 
great  scholar,  which  eminently  qualify  him  to  be 
the  exponent  of  Greek  wisdom  to  the  modern  mind. 
In  sympathetic  touch  with  each,  he  possesses  the 
liappy  faculty  of  interpretation  which  can  impart 
a  living  interest  to  early  phases  of  culture,  and 
makes  the  Hellenic  thinker  deliver  his  message  in 
Lerms  intelligible  to  the  twentieth  century.  When 
to  a  profound  knowledge  of  his  subject  are  found 
added  great  charm  of  style,  perfect  lucidity,  and  a 
marvellously  wide  extent  of  reading,  which  fur- 
nishes him  with  apt  illustrations  and  parallels  from 
contemporary  literature,  we  have  all  the  requisites 
of  an  ideal  teacher.  Prof.  Gomperz,  in  a  measure 
does  for  us  what  his  favourite  Socrates,  in  Cicero's 
words,  did  for  his  generation  :  he  brings  philosophy 
down  from  heaven  to  earth,  so  that  the  busy  man 
of  affairs  as  he  runs  may  read  and  thank  him. 

It  would  be  hopeless  to  give  any  idea  in  a  short 
lotice  of  the  full  and  analytical  account  of  Greek 
philosophy  which  fills  these  volumes  to  repletion 
We  can  only  cast  a  hasty  glance  at  some  of  the 
•xuthors  conclusions.  The  kernel  of  the  Socratic 
ieaching  may  be  summed  up  in  the  Shakespearian. 
Uctum  "Ignorance  is  the  curse  of  God.''  Error  or 
want  of  insight  is  the  one  source  of  wrongdoin^ 
Lt  is  necessary,  therefore,  to  bring  home  to  every 
nan  that  the  most  important  questions  affectin"- 
inman  conduct  are  obscured  by  the  ambiguity 
of  men's  words  and  ideas.  As  the  great  cham- 
pion of  enlightenment  was  thus,  perforce,  the  great 
insettler  of  conventionalism,  Socrates  could  not 
ail,  sooner  or  later,  to  make  his  position  intoler- 
ible,  and  the  wonder  is  that  he  escaped  his  fate  so 
ong.  The  chapter  dealing  with  his  death  is  a 
nasterpiece  of  narration  and  judicial  wisdom 
What  was  the  nature  of  his  daimonion,  or  spiritual 
nonitor,  the  author  does  not  take  on  him  to  decide 
nit  he  is  inclined  to  think  that  it  was  some  sub- 
onscious  action  of  the  psychic  life  rather  than  the 
'oice  of  conscience.  He  draws  an  original  and 
uggestive  parallel  between  Socrates  and  the- 
Jhinese  sage  Confucius. 

Passing  on  to  his  pupil  Plato— to  whom  half  of 
he  second  and  the  whole  of  the  third  volume  are 
evoted— he  causes  the  immortal  dialogues  of  that 
reat  thinker  to  pass  before  us  in  splendid  pro- 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


cession.  With  singular  subtlety  and  insight  he 
pierces  the  obscurity  of  the  dialectic  and  lays  bare  i 
the  heart  of  their  meaning.  He  holds  that  Plato 
developed  a  feature  of  mind  (traceable,  perhaps,  to 
the  recei.t  failu:  e  of  liis  master)  which  was  peculiarly 
detrimental  to  his  work  as  a  reformer.  This  was 
"  a  dread  of  friction."  Reason  must  be  made 
absolute,  and  all  that  contradicts  it  must  be  put 
out  of  the  way — a  Utopian  dream  which  would  work 
more  harm  than  good  in  a  mixed  world  like  ours. 

We  can  recommend   this  excellent  work  to  all 
who  are  interested  in  the  growth  of  culture  and 
the  progress  of  humanity.     They  will  find  it  as  j 
attractive  as  it  is  learned  and  instructive.     How  j 
broad  a  substructure  of  erudition   underlies    the 
edifice  is  apparent  from  the  copious  appendix  of 
notes.     A  separate  index  for  these  two  volumes 
makes  them  complete  in  themselves.     We  congra- 
tulate the    translator,    Mr.   G.   G.  Berry,  on    his 
idiomatical  and  readable  presentment  of  his  author, 
but  we  deprecate  the  Americanism  "  only  a  copy  1 
and  a  false  one  at  thai "  (in.  103),  when  our  native 
"  to  boot,"  "  into  the  bargain,"  or  even  "  moreover  " 
would  better  befit  a  work  so  classical. 

Charles  Kinsley  to  James  Thomson.     Edited  by 

Alfred  H.  Miles.  (Routledge  &  Sons.) 
WE  have  here  one  more  volume  of  the  reprint  of 
Miles's  '  Poets  and  Poetry  of  the  Nineteenth  Cen- 
tury,' consisting  of  poets  born  between  1819  and 
1836.  In  addition  to  Charles  Kingsley,  Matthew 
Arnold,  Rossetti,  and  Meredith,  we  have  such 
less-known  minstrels  as  Locker-Lampson,  William 
Cory  (author  of  'lonica'),  Wm.  Brighty  Rands  (the 
inspired  writer  of  'Lilliput  Levee'),  Sydney  Dobell, 
Alexander  Smith,  William  Allingham,  George  Mac 
Donald,  Woolner,  Mortimer  Collins  (a  delightful 
versifier),  Robert  Brough  (the  Radical  author  of 
'Songs  of  the  Governing  Classes'),  and  Sebastian 
Evans  (of  Brother  Fabian's  Manuscript  fame).  A 
delightful  selection  is  now  for  the  first  time  brought 
within  convenient  reach. 

Poems  and  Plays  of  Oliver  Goldsmith. — Of  the  Imita- 
tion of  Christ.  A  Revised  Translation,  by  C-  Bigg, 
D  IX— Gibbon's  History  of  the  Decline  and  Fall. 
Vol.  IL—The  Poems  of  John  Milton.  Vol.  I. 
—The  Works  of  Shakespeare.  Vol.11.  (Methuen 
&Co.) 

WE  have  here  further  issues  of  the  cheap 
and  attractive  "  Standard  Library "  of  Messrs. 
Methuen.  The  works  given  are  all  classics,  and 
are  ushered  in  by  scholarly  introductions  by  Dr. 
Sidney  Lee,  under  whose  admirably  competent  care 
the  series  is  issued.  To  the  marvellous  cheapness 
and  general  trustworthiness  of  the  Gibbon  we  drew 
attention  on  the  appearance  of  the  first  volume. 
The  first  volume  of  Milton  contains  the  'Paradise 
Lost.'  It  is  satisfactory  to  find  that  the  original 
text — that  of  1667— is  as  a  rule  employed.  It  is  an 
immeasurable  advantage  to  the  modern  student  to 
have  the  old  orthography,  which  in  Milton's  case 
•was  never  without  significance.  In  its  gay  binding 
the  Goldsmith  is  very  attractive.  A  reprint  of  the 

B'ays  is  especially  welcome.  We  can  but  hope  that 
r.  Bigg's  edition  of  A  Kempis  will  commend  or 
introduce  the  work  to  a  fresh  class  of  admirers. 
Reading  it  once  more  and  reflecting  upon  it,  we 
wonder  if  any  publisher  would  have  the  spirit  to 
reprint  Baxter's  'Saints'  Everlasting  Rest.'  Two 
generations  have  passed  since,  in  our  boyhood,  we 
read  a  book  acquaintance  with  which  we  should 


like  to  renew.  The  second  volume  of  Shakespeare- 
contains  five  comedies,  each  with  introductory 
comment  of  Dr.  Lee. 

The  Plays  of  Sheridan.  — The  School  for  Scandal ; 

The  Rivals  ;  The  Critic.     With  Introduction  by 

Edmund  Gosse.    (Heinemann.) 

IN  these  three  pretty  volumes,  issued  like  the- 
famous  Shakespeare  at  6(1.  each,  and  with  well- 
executed  frontispiece,  we  have  further  instances  of 
marvellous  cheapness.  Each  play  supplies  the- 
original  cast,  and  all  are  in  a  clear  and  very  read- 
able text,  and  with  the  well-known  cover  in  green, 
cloth  which  belongs  to  the  series.  The  edition  when, 
complete  will  be  the  cheapest  and  most  readable- 
obtainable. 

BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUES.— JUNE. 
MR.  THOMAS  BAKER,  of  Newman  Street,  has  a. 
list  full  of  valuable  theological  books.  We  can  only 
mention  a  few  items.  Under  Bollandists  we  find 
'  Acta  Sanctorum  quotquot  toto  Orbe  coluntur,' 
curante  J.  Carnandet,  1863-1902,  65  vols.  folio,  140/~ 
This  is  beautifully  bound  in  half-vellum.  There  is 
a  set  of  the  '  Library  of  the  Fathers,'  42  vols., 
original  edition,  Oxford,  1838,  6V.  15-3'.  A  set  of: 
the  Bampton  Lectures,  17SO  to  1891,  is  priced  351. 
A  copy  of  Dugdale's  '  Monasticon  Anglicanum  '  is- 
24J.  There  is  a  complete  set  of  Migne's  '  Patro- 
logia  Grseco  -  Latina,'  185/. :  also  his  '  Patrologia 
Latina  Cursus  Completus,'  120/.  A  copy  of  Helyot's- 
'  Histoire  des  Ordres  Religieux  et  Militaires'  is- 
31.  15s1.  This  contains  800  plates  of  costumes.  The- 
best  edition  of  Baronius,  1738  46,  38  vols.  folio,  is- 
301.  Under  Gallandus  is  a  beautiful  set  of  his 
'Bibliotheca  Gneco-Latina  Veterum  Patrum,'  42/. 

Mr.  F.  C-  Carter,  of  Hprnsey,  has  a  list  of  modern- 

:  books  at    moderate    prices,   including    *  American. 

Scenery,'  1840, 7*.  Gd. ;  Silk  Buckingham's  '  Travels,' 

with  autograph  letter,  Qs.  ;  and  the  first  16  vols.  of" 

j  The  Oriental  Herald,  17$.  6d. 

Messrs.  Deighton,  Bell&  Co.,  of  Cambridge,  have- 
a  catalogue  of  general  literature.  It  also  contains 
a  number  of  the  Early  English  Text  Society's  Pub- 
lications and  works  on  Oriental  and  classical 
philology. 

Mr.  Bertram  Dobell's  June  list  includes  a  Collec- 
tion of  Rare  Old  Plays  of  the  Seventeenth  Century. 
There  are  138  items  under  this  heading.  Among 
these  we  find  a  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  first  edi- 
tion, 36V.  ;  Ben  Jonson's  Works,  1640  31-40,  10/.  10-*.  ;. 
the  first  separate  edition  of  'The  Beggar's  Bush,' 
1661,  4/.  10.*.  ;  Carlell's  plays,  31.  10*  ;  first  editions, 
of  Ford's  'Fancies,'  1638,  67.  fe.,  and  of  Massingers 
'Roman  Actor.'  1629,  9/.  9s.;  and  Shirley's  plays, 
1653,  12/.  12-f.  There  are  books  from  the  library  of 
the  late  John  Scott ;  also  a  good  miscellaneous 
collection  of  ancient  and  modern  books.  Among 
first  editions  we  find  Browning's  '  Men  and 
Women,' 1855,  '21.  -••*.,  and  Byron's  '  Hours  of  Idleness,' 
31.  3s.  :  rare  editions  of  Chatterton  ;  a  collection  of" 
plays  in  one  volume  from  the  library  of  David 
Garrick,  &l.  4-s. ;  and  many  other  items  of  special 
interest. 

Messrs.  Heffer  &  Sons,  of  Cambridge,  have  Alciati's 
'Omnia  Emblemata,'  Paris,  1608,  21.  10,<.  (this  is 
marked  "  excessively  rare,  only  two  other  copies 
known") ;  Andrews's  'Portraiture  of  the  American 
Revolution,'  New  York,  1896,  very  rare,  51.  5>'.  :  a 
large-paper  copy  of  '  Orlando  Furioso,'  Venice,  1772,. 


480 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [io*  s.  m.  jv«  17, 


SO/.  10s.  :  Berenson's  'Florentine  Painters,'  15^.  15s. 
Boccaccio,  Bern,  M.  Apiarius,  1539,  9^.  ;  Braith- 
waite's  'English  Gentleman,'  1641,  "J.  10s.  Gd. ;  a 
fine  copy  of  the  first  edition  of  Burton's  'Anatomy, 
311.  10s.  ;  and  Queen  Elizabeth's  Prayer-Book,  the 
rare  first  edition,  1578,  ±51.  The  above  are  only  a 
few  of  the  special  items. 

Messrs.  Heffer  have  also  a  catalogue  of  2,000  items 
•dealing  with  the  Natural  Sciences. 

Mr.  Charles  Higham's  list  includes  the  theological 
-section  of  the  libraries  of  two  prelates.  We  notice 
a  copy  of  the  'Arbuthnott  Missal,'  Burntisland, 
H.864,  price  M.  4s.  This  contains  photographs  of 
thirteen  pages  of  the  original  MS. 

Mr.  H.  Rawlings,  of  Cheltenham,  has  an  interest- 
ing list.  We  note  a  few  items  :  A'Beckett's  '  Comic 
History  of  England,'  h'rst  edition,  31.  4s.  ;  Brassey's 
'British  Navy,'  5  vols.,  30s.  ;  a  set  of  the  'British 
Essayists,'  1827,  33s.  ;  Murray's  "Cathedral  Hand- 
books," 31.  3s.  ;  Colburn's  edition  of  Madame 
D'Arblay's  '  Diary,'  46s.  ;  '  The  Dancing  Master,' 
1721,  25s.  There  is  a  small  quarto  volume  priced 
51.  This  contains  Dryden's  'State  of  Innocence,' 
1684,  De  Foe's  'Mock  Mourners,' and  a  number  of 
rare  pamphlets.  A  beautiful  specimen  of  fore-edge 
painting,  1799,  is  marked  201.  The  volume  is 
'Butler's  '  Hudibras.'  There  is  the  rare  first  edition 
of  George  Meredith's  '  Poems,'  price  101.  ;  also  the 
•first  edition  of  John  Addington  Symonds's  'Studies 
of  the  Greek  Poets,'  3^.  10s.  Peter  Cunningham's 
-edition  of  Walpole's  'Letters'  is  priced  41.  10s. 

Messrs.  W.  H.  Smith  &  Son's  June  catalogue  is, 
•as  usual,  a  good  general  one.  There  is  also  a  useful 
list  of  new  remainders. 

Mr.  Albert  Button,  of  Manchester,  has  Balzac, 
•22  vols.,  1897-9,  41.  17s.  M.  Under  Cruikshank  is 
•*  Life  in  Paris,'  1822,  51.  5s.  Other  items  include 
The  Fortnightly  Review,  81  vols.,  161.  ;  Lever's 
novels,  61.  12s.  6d. ;  The  Poor  Man's  Guardian, 
3831-5,  10s.  6d. ;  first  edition  of  '  The  Princess,' 
Moxon,  1847,  M.  5s.  ;  Jerrold's  Shilling  Magazine, 
1845-8,  M.  12s.;  'The  Romany  Rye,'  first  edition, 
1Z.  15s. ;  Fielding  and  Smollett,  edited  by  Gosse 
and  Henley,  24  vols.,  half-calf,  101.  There  are  also 
a  number  of  works  relating  to  Lancashire. 

Mr.  Thomas  Thorp,  of  London,  has,  under  Archi- 
tecture, an  extensive  collection  of  Walcott's  Manu- 
script Notebooks,  23  vols.  in  all,  61.  6s  There  are 
interesting  items  under  Costume,  including  seventy- 
one  beautiful  water-colour  drawings  of  Italian 
•brigands,  &c.,  by  De  Vite,  4£.  17s.  6J.  Other  works 
.are  Dawkins's  'Cave-hunting'  (scarce),  21.  15s.; 
Dryden's  '  Absalom  and  Achitophel,'  first  edition, 
1681,  11  16s.;  D'Urfey's  'Pills  to  Purge  Melan- 
choly,' 6  vols.,  12mo  (rare),  10^.  10s.  ;  Latham's 
'Falconry,'  1615-18,  81.  SI. ;  Foster's  '  Stuarts,'  61.  6s. 
"Under  Napoleon  is  a  copy  of  Fournier's  '  Dic- 
tionnaire  Portatif  de  Bibliographic,'  Paris,  1805, 
'61.  6s.  (this  was  formerly  in  the  library  of  the 
emperor).  There  is  a  rare  Tennyson  item,'  Mariana,' 
with  etchings  by  Mary  Montgomerie  Lamb,  51.  5s. 
Tract  collectors  will  find  a  long  list,  very  varied. 
•Other  items  are  'Turner  and  Ruskin,'  with  notes 
by  Wedmore,  1900,  61.  15s.  (only  160  copies  of  this 
edition  were  printed),  and  Young's  '  Travels,'  1794, 
II.  18s.  (in  this  work  occurs  the  phrase,  "  The  magic 
of  property  turns  sand  into  gold  ").  A  collection 
of  postage  stamps  is  priced  15^.  10s.  The  catalogue 
closes  with  a  list  of  coloured  caricatures. 

Mr.  Thorp's  Reading  list  contains  Benthos 
Jtfiscellany,  vols.  1  to  49,  81.  10s.;  Bewick's  'Fables,' 


1820,  51.  5s.  ;  Bohn's  seven  extra  volumes,  21.  18s.; 
Orme's  '  Historic  Anecdotes,'  1819  (very  rare), 
101.  10s. ;  Keats,  Daniel's  Press,  2/.  5s. ;  Holinf  hed's 
'Chronicles,'  1586-7,  9/.  9s.;  'James  I.:  Truth 
brought  to  Light,'  1651  (very  scarce),  42s.  Under 
Kelmscott  is  a  complete  set  of  the  books  printed 
in  the  Kelmscott  Press  Golden  Type,  1902,  67.  6s. 
Charles  Kingsley's  '  Memoirs,'  the  suppressed 
edition,  is  21s.;  Lamb's  '  Prose  Works,'  Moxon,  1838 
(scarce),  35s. ;  also  his  Letters,  with  Life  by  Tal- 
fourd,  30s. ;  Law's '  Serious  Call,'  first  edition,  81.  8s. ; 
Matthew  of  Westminster,  '  Flores  Historiarum,* 
1570,  51.  10s.  ;  Parish  Register  Society,  49  vols., 
1896-1904,  111.  11s.;  Finden's  'Portraits  of  the 
Female  Aristocracy,' Hogarth,  1849,  31.  15s.  ;  Rock's 
'Church  of  our  Fathers,'  1849,  51.  5s.;  the  Border 
Edition  of  Scott,  181. ;  and  first  edition  of  '  In 
Memoriam,'  1850,  II.  15*.  The  catalogue  contains  a 
number  of  mezzotints  from  the  works  of  Sir  Joshua 
Reynolds. 

Mr.  Wake,  of  Fritchley,  Derby,  sends  two  short 
lists  of  old  books  and  curios. 

Messrs.  Henry  Young  &  Sons,  of  Liverpool,  have 
the  Kelmscott  Press  Chaucer,  price  58/.,  uncut. 
This  book  was  finished  8  May,  1896  ;  only  425  copies 
were  issued,  and  the  blocks  were  deposited  in  the 
British  Museum  on  condition  that  they  must  not  be 
used  for  printing  from  for  100  years.  A  Shake- 
speare Second  Folio,  1632,  is  priced  551. ;  a  copy  of 
'Gil  Bias,'  Paris,  1796-1801,  8&.  (this  is  illustrated 
with  twenty-eight  plates  by  Monnet,  seventy-eight 
drawings  by  another  French  artist,  and  twenty- 
four  copper  -  plates  from  designs  by  Smirke) ;  an 
extra-illustrated  La  Fontaine,  1762,  301.  ;  a  King 
Edward  VI.  Prayer-Book,  1549,  501.  We  have  only 
space  to  mention  a  few  other  items  in  this  interest- 
ing catalogue  :  Darcie's  '  Annales  of  Queen  Eliza- 
beth,'1625,  6^.  6s. ;  Naunton's  'Fragmenta  Regalia,' 
1641,  31.  3s.;  Gray's  'Odes,'  first  edition,  1757, 
4^.  4s. ;  Pine's  '  Spanish  Armada,'  1739,  71.  7s. ; 
La  Place,  '  (Euvres,'  Paris,  1840-47,  full  morocco, 
81.  8s.  (this  is  the  edition  published  by  the  French 
Government)  ;  and  a  complete  set  of  Surtees's  Sport- 
ing Novels,  original  editions,  1853-88,  full  calf,  267. 
There  are  also  a  number  of  "  bargains  for  book 
collectors." 

Dtoikies  to  <&Mtt%$(wktnh* 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
=ind  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

J.  T.  C.  ("  Write  me  down  as  one  who  loves  his 
tellow-men"). — See  Leigh  Hunt's  short  poem  '  Abou 
Den  Adhem.' 

V.  B.  F.  BAYLEY  ("  He  plucked  off  both  his  winga 
and  made  him  quills"). — Misquoted  from  Byron's 
'  Vision  of  Judgment.' 

MIRANDA  ("Green  Ginger  Lane"). — The  origin 
of  this  Hull  place-name  is  explained  at  9th  S.  vi.  135. 

NOTICE. 

Editorial   communications   should  be  addressed 
"The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries'" — Adver- 
tisements and    Business   Letters    to    "The    Pub- 
isher" — at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  E.C. 


s.  in.  JUKE  IT,  1905.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


BOOKSELLERS'    CATALOGUES    (JUNE). 

(Continued  from  Second  Advertisement  Page.) 


B.    H.    BLACKWELL, 

UNIVERSITY    BOOKSELLER, 

50  &  51,  Broad  Street,  Oxford. 

Agent  m  Oxford  for  the  Publications  of  the  Indian  Government. 

»,*  100,000  Volumes  of  New  and  Second-hand  Hooks  in  stock. 

Inspection  invited.    Prices  plainly  marked.     Cattiogues gratis. 

JUST  PUBHSHBD.-C!ATAU)QVE    of   CRITICAL    EDITIONS    of 

LATIN    CLASSICAL    AUTHORS,  and  STANDARD    WOKK.S  dealing 

with  Greek  and  Roman  History.  Literature,  and  Art. 

— CATALOGUE  of  MISCELLANEOUS  SECOND-HAND  ROOKS, 
chiefly  ENGLISH,  including  8ELE  vriONS  from  the  LIBRARIES  of 
the  late  Rev.  ALBRRT  WATSON.  MA.,  formerly  Principal  of  B  N.C., 
the  late  Prof.  FREEMAN,  the  late  R.  8.  WILSON,  M.A.,  formerly 
Fellow  of  B  N.C  ,  and  from  other  LIBRARIES  recently  purchased  by 

REAVY  SHORTLY.— CATALOGUE  of  the  THIRD  fand  LAST) 
PORTION  of  the  LIBRARY  of  the  late  Prof.  V.  YORK  POWELL, 
including  Greek  and  L  tin  Classical  Writers  and  Mediaeval  Authors, 
Ecclesiastical  History,  Antiquarian  Works,  Law,  Philosophy,  and  Mis- 
cellane  >us  Items. 
SO  &  51,  BROAD  STREET,  OXFORD  (opposite  the  fheldonian  Theatre). 


FRANCIS      EDWARDS, 

83,  HIGH  STREET,  MARYLEBONE, 

LONDON,  W. 

CATALOGUES  NOW  READY. 
PUBLICATIONS  of  LEARNED  SOCIETIES 

—Sets  of  Notes  and  Queries— Periodicals    relating  to 
Antiquity  and  County  History,  &c.    12  page?. 

MISCELLANEOUS  LITERATURE.  No.  278. 
ILLUSTRATED  BOOKS  and  BOOKS  on 

ART.    90  pages. 


SYDNEY    V.    GALLOWAY, 

University  and  General  Book  Depot, 

ABERYSTWYTH. 
CATALOGUE,    No.    3. 

MISCELLANEOUS  BOOKS  IN  ALL  SUBJECTS, 

INCLUDING  SOME  S 3ARCE  AND  EARLY 

WORKS  IM  MATHEMATICS. 

Welsh  Buyers  should  write  for  my  Monthly 
Lists  of  Celtic  Boohs. 


THOMAS    THORP, 

Second-Hand  Bookseller, 

4,  BROAD  STREET,  READING,  and 
100,  ST.  MARTIN'S  LANE,  LONDON,  W.C. 

MONTHLY     CATALOGUES 

FKOM    BOTH    ADDRESSES. 

LIBRARIES    PURCHASED. 


CATALOGUE  OF 
SECOND-HAND  BOOKS. 

General      Literature  —  Oriental,      Classical, 

Mediaeval,    and    Modern    Philology  —  Books 

relating  to  Cambridge. 

DE1GHTON,  BELL  &  CO., 

CAMBRIDGE. 


CHELTENHAM   SECOND-HAND 
BOOK  CATALOGUE 

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Containing  many  Rare  and  Valuable  Items, 

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ILLUMINATED,  CLASSICAL,  HIS- 
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PRESSES  -  COLLECTIONS  OF  AUTO- 
GRAPHS-BOOKS ON  ART-BROADSIDES 
-BIBLIOGRAPHY-EMBLEMS,  &c. 


FIRST  EDITIONS  of  MODERN  AUTHORS, 

Including  Dickens,  Thackeray,  Lever,  Ainsworth. 

Books  illustrated  by  G.  and  R.  Cruikshank,  Pbiz,  Leech, 
Rowlandson,  &c. 

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NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*s.m.  JUNE  17, 


KING'S 

CLASSICAL    AND     FOREIGN 

QUOTATIONS. 

NOW   READY.     6s.  net. 

We  have  to  announce  a  new  edition  of  this  Dictionary.  It  first  appeared  at  the  end  of 
'87,  and  was  quickly  disposed  of.  A  larger  (and  corrected)  issue  came  out  in  the  spring  of 
1889,  and  is  now  out  of  print.  The  Third,  published  on  July  14,  contains  a  large 
accession  of  important  matter,  in  the  way  of  celebrated  historical  and  literary  sayings  and 
mots,  much  wanted  to  bring  the  Dictionary  to  a  more  complete  form,  and  now  appearing  in 
its  pages  for  the  first  time.  On  the  other  hand,  the  pruning  knife  has  been  freely  used,  and 
the  excisions  are  numerous.  A  multitude  of  trivial  and  superfluous  items  have  thus  been 
cast  away  wholesale,  leaving  only  those  citations  which  were  worthy  of  a  place  in  a  standard 
work  of  reference.  As  a  result,  the  actual  number  of  quotations  is  less,  although  it  is  hoped 
that  the  improvement  in  quality  will  more  than  compensate  for  the  loss  in  quantity.  The 
book  has,  in  short,  been  not  only  revised,  but  rewritten  throughout,  and  is  not  so  much  a  new 
edition  as  a  new  work.  It  will  be  seen  also  that  the  quotations  are  much  more  "  racontes  " 
than  before,  and  that  where  any  history,  story,  or  allusion  attaches  to  any  particular  saying, 
the  opportunity  for  telling  the  tale  has  not  been  thrown  away.  In  this  way  what  is  primarily 
taken  up  as  a  book  of  reference,  may  perhaps  be  retained  in  the  hand  as  a  piece  of  pleasant 
reading,  that  is  not  devoid  at  times  of  the  elements  of  humour  and  amusement.  One  other 
feature  of  the  volume,  and  perhaps  its  most  valuable  one,  deserves  to  be  noticed.  The 
previous  editions  professed  to  give  not  only  the  quotation,  but  its  reference  ;  and,  although 
performance  fell  very  far  short  of  promise,  it  was  at  that  time  the  only  dictionary  of  the  kind 
published  in  this  country  that  had  been  compiled  with  that  definite  aim  in  view.  In  the 
present  case  no  citation  —  with  the  exception  of  such  unaffiliated  things  as  proverbs,  maxims, 
and  mottoes  —  has  been  admitted  without  its  author  and  passage,  or  the  "  chapter  and  verse  " 
in  which  it  may  be  found,  or  on  which  it  is  founded.  In  order,  however,  not  to  lose 
altogether,  for  want  of  .  identification,  a  number  of  otherwise  deserving  sayings,  an  appendix 
of  Adespota  is  supplied,  consisting  of  quotations  which  either  the  editor  has  failed  to  trace  to 
their  source,  or  the  paternity  of  which  has  not  been  satisfactorily  proved.  There  are  four 
indexes  —  Authors  and  authorities,  Subject  index,  Quotation  index,  and  index  of  Greek 
passages.  Its  deficiencies  notwithstanding,  '  Classical  and  Foreign  Quotations  '  has  so  far 
remained  without  a  rival  as  a  polyglot  manual  of  the  world's  famous  sayings  in  one  pair  of 
covers  and  of  moderate  dimensions,  and  its  greatly  improved  qualities  should  confirm  it  still 
more  firmly  in  public  use  and  estimation. 


KIN  G'S 

CLASSICAL     AND    FOREIGN 

QUOTATIONS. 

London :  J.  WHITAKER  &  SONS,  LTD.,  12,  Warwick  Lane,  E.G. 

Published  Weekly  by  JOHN  O.  FRA.NCIS.  Bream's  Buildings.  Chaneery  Lane.  B.C. :  and  Printed  by  JOHN  EDWAFD  FRANCIS, 
Athenseum  Press,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery,  Lane,  B.C.— Saturday,  June  1",  1905. 


NOTES    AND    QUEEIES: 

§,  UUbhun  af  Jntmjoninuuueaihm 


FOR 


LITERARY    MEN,    GENERAL    READERS,   ETC. 

"When  found,  make  a  note  of."— CAPTAIN  CUTTLE, 


No.  78.  [STFFKI™.]         SATURDAY,  JUNE  24,  1905. 


PRICK  FOUKPEMCK. 

Itgiateredas  a  ft*tpaptr.  Kntered  at 
the  2V.  r. P.O.  a>  Scenntl-Ctats  Matter. 
Ttnrly  S«h»rMf>tio»,20«  6J.  j>o«t  jree. 


MACMILLAN  &  CO.'S  NEW  BOOKS. 


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S.  III.  JUNE  24,  1905.]         NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


481 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  JUNE  t!t,  1905. 
CONTENTS. -No.  78. 

NOTES  :— Grandees  of  Spain,  481  —  Danteiana,  482  — The 
'  Faithful  Admonition  '  of  May,  1554,  484  —  "  Boast " — 
James  Glen,  485— St.  Piran's  Oratory,  Cornwall — "Bloody 
Warriors  "  —  "  His  Majesty's  Opposition  "  —  Bvangelica 
Zoology  at  Vitoria,  486. 

QUERIES  -.—Sir  Balthasar  Gerbier  :  Zoffany's  Portrait  of 
Mozart— Bishops'  Signatures  —  Carnegie:  its  Pronuncia- 
tion— Lyttou  Quotation  —  De  Teixeira  Sampayo  —  Major 
Monro— 'Pictures  of  the  Old  and  New  Testaments,'  487  — 


Alliterative  Greek  Verses,  488  — Guidot  -Simon  and  Simon 
Smyth  Mountfort  — Jules  Verne :  Star  and  Crescent  Moon 
— St.  Gilbert  of  Sempringbam  —  Sonnet  on  N.  M.  Con- 
stance— Qiienington,  Gloucestershire  —  Mint  at  Leeds — 
Conyers— Messianic  Medal— Besant  on  Dr.  Watts,  489 — 
Lulach,  King  of  Scotland,  490. 

REPLIES  :  — Parsloe's  Hall,  490— "  Pop  goes  the  weasel."  491 
—  "England,"  "English"  — W.  Shelley,  492  — Audience 
Meadow— 53,  Fleet  Street,  493— English  Crown  Jewel— 
*  Coryate's  Crudities ' — Chester  Plea  Rolls— Parliamentary 
Quotation  —  William  Tyndale's  Ordination  —  Fanshawe 
Family,  494 — Shakespeare's  Grave  —  Children  at  Execu- 
tions— "Jockteleg,"  495— Coliseums  Old  and  New,  496  — 
House  of  Lords,  1625-60  — St.  Patrick— Indian  Kings  — 
•The  Lass  of  Richmond  Hill '—La  Scala,  497— Lines  on 
Mug— Ghost-Words— Southwold  Church—"  I  sit  with  my 
feet  in  a  brook" — Local  'Notes  and  Queries' — Dryden's 
Sisters  —  Human  Sacrifices:  Ghosts,  498  — Sir  K.  Fan- 
shawe, 499. 


Index  to  Shakespeare's  Characters.' 
Notices  to  Correspondents. 


OUR  GRANDEES  OF  SPAIN. 

A  SPANISH  monarch's  visit  to  the  British 
Court  has  reminded  the  public  that  certain 
Englishmen  enjoy  the  highest  hereditary 
honour  it  has  been  in  the  power  of  Spain's 
sovereigns  to  -confer  for  wellnigh  four 
centuries. 

Little  is  accurately  known,  outside  the 
Peninsula,  of  a  Spanish  Grandeeship  and  of 
its  prerogatives  ;  less  still  in  a  country  where 
contempt— to  call  a  spade  a  spade— for  foreign 
titles  is,  at  least,  indiscriminate.  The  truth 
is  that  the  regularity,  and  especially  the 
solidity,  as  Saint-Simon  would  have  said,  of 
our  national  honours,  rather  unfit  us  for 
unprejudiced  views  of  the  nobiliary  systems 
of  states  in  which  the  hereditary  senatorial 
dignity  has  never  been  synonymous,  as  here, 
with  a  title. 

As  in  France  from  the  sixteenth  to  the 
eighteenth  century  neither  nobles  of  title, 
nor,  indeed,  all  dukes,  were  peers,  so  in  Spain 
since  the  establishment  of  the  Grandeeship 
by  Charles  I.,  better  known  as  the  Emperor 
Charles  V.,  the  iitulados,  or  titled  nobility, 


have  not  all  been,  by  any  means,  Grandees. 
Nor,  similarly,  have  all  dukes  enjoyed  the 
distinction,  though  occasionally  one  finds 
the  contrary  opinion  maintained  (as  in 
Burkes  'Peerage':  Foreign  Titles-Losada). 
The  dignity  of  Granule  de  ES1nua,  confers, 
therefore,  a  hall -mark  of  supreme  distinction 
whether  the  recipient  of  the  honour  be* 
already  titled,  or  whether  he  receive  a  title 
upon  his  elevation  thereto. 

It  is  impossible  to  consider  or  explain  the 
Grandeeship  apart  from  the  historical  circum- 
stances which  produced  it  and  have  made  it 
what  it  is.       The    distinction   of    Gmndeza 
conferred,  in  1520,  by  Charles  V.  upon  certain 
Of  the  ncos  honibres,  or  "rich  men,"—  ie    in 
lands,  strong  places  and  the  like-conceded  to 
these  tenants-in-chief  the  right  to  wear  their 
hats  in  the  royal   presence,  a   right   which 
they  claimed    as    successors  of    the  sturdy 
territorial  baronage  of  mediaeval  Castile  and 
Aragon  ;  and  also  of  being  addressed  by  the 
sovereign  as  "Cousin."    It  is  interesting  to 
note  how  this  sense  of  equality— also  implied 
of  course,  in  the  word  "  peerage  "—survived 
the   parliamentary  or  consultative  function 
ot    the    ncos  hombres  in   the  Cortes.      The 
weakening  and  temporary  extinction  of  the 
latter  under  Spain's  Hapsburg  kings  left  the 
Grandees,  so  far  as  concerned  their  function 
in  the  possession  of  mere  honours,  exercised 
principa  ly  at  the   reception   of   recruits   to 
their  body.   Phi  hp  Ill's  creation  of  Grandees 
ay  patent  was  the  final  step  in  the  transition 
between  a  recognition,  which  the  primitive 
Grandees   must  have  regarded  as   a  right 
and  the  exercise  of  royal  grace  it  has  since 
become. 

This  distinction  between  the  recognition  of 
a  status  in  those  whose  forefathers  were  ricos 
hombres  and   the  elevation   to  it  of  created 
Grandees  lies  at  the  root  of  the  division  of 
the  order  into  classes.    From  it  has  resulted 
too,  the  strangest  and,  to  the  foreigner,  most 
incomprehensible  point  about  the  corps  of 
Grandees,  viz.,   the  lack  of  precedence  be- 
tween its  members,  a  count  being  in   this 
respect  as  good  as  a  duke,  and  the  latter  no 
better  than  a  marquis :  to  which  the  diversity 
of  titles  of  the  first  Grandees-twenty-five 
dukes,  marquises,   and   counts  —  recognized 
by  Unarles  at  his  coronation,  also  contributed 
It  has  been  helped,  also,  by  the  polite  fiction 
which  officially  dubs  all  Grandees  "of  the 
farst  class     (de  pnmera  clase),  so  that,  while 
continually  encountering  the  highest  grade 
of  the  honour,  the  unsophisticated   inquirer 
is  unable  to  trace  a  single  example  of  the 
lower  ones. 

But  whatever  sanction  legality  may  give 


482 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io»  s.  m.  JC*K  a*,  MOS. 


to  the  possessors  of  all  Grandeeships  to  style 
them  "of  the  first  class,"  it  is  certain  that 
only  those  descended  from  the  dignitaries 
recognized  by  Charles  V.,  in  1520,  are  really 
qualified  to  do  so  ;  similarly,  the  second  class 
are  the  Grandees  descended  from  the  old 
ricos  kombres  not  recognized  then,  but  sub- 
sequently by  Philip  II. ;  while  the  Grandees 
of  all  other  periods,  including  those  created 
by  patent,  form  the  third  class.  This  classifi- 
cation, differing  somewhat  from  that  of 
Saint-Simon,  is  adopted  by  Don  F.  Fernandez 
de  Bethencourt,  an  ex-member  of  the  Cortes, 
whose  vast  history  of  the  dignity  is  in  course 
of  publication. 

Of  its  soundness  there  is  proof  in  the 
minutiae  of  the  ceremony  once  observed  in 
the  reception  of  a  Grandee.  His  Catholic 
Majesty  addressed  the  command  to  resume 
his  chapeau,  "  Cobrios  !'*  upon  the  third  bow 
made  by  a  Grandee  of  the  highest  degree, 
and  before  the  latter's  harangue;  upon  a 
speech  followed  by  a  fourth  bow  from  a 
Grandee  of  the  second  class,  after  which  his 
Majesty  in  turn  addressed  him  ;  the  com- 
mand to  cover  his  head  was  only  addressed 
to  a  Grandee  of  the  third  class  after  the 
royal  reply  to  his  speech,  which  was  preceded 
by  no  fewer  than  three  obeisances. 

It  is,  of  course,  no  disparagement  of  the 
dignity  enjoyed  by  a  select  few  Englishmen 
to  consider  their  Grandeeships  (dating  from 
1653,  1759,  and  1812)  as  other  than  of  the 
antiquity  which,  by  a  time-honoured  usage, 
they  with  their  fellows  of  Spanish  nationality 
are  entitled  to  affect. 

In  descent,  Grandeeships  and  the  titles 
identified  or  conferred  with  them  pass  to 
heirs-of-line  in  preference  to  heirs-male.  This 
system  either  favours  the  accumulation  of 
Grandeeships  and  titles  to  an  immoderate 
extent,  or  it  may  carry  the  most  renowned 
titles  and  finest  lands  in  the  country  to  a 
quite  undistinguished  family,  while  cadets 
of  the  blood  to  which  the  honour  was 
originally  decreed  go  unadorned.  To  those 
who  consider  male  descent  the  thing,  genea- 
logically speaking,  it  is  often,  therefore, 
difficult  to  admire  anything  but  historic 
titles  in  ti\ekachi»ot  descents  and  substituted 
surnames  which  make  many  a  Peninsular 
pedigree,  and  I  imagine  that  at  least  one  of 
the  examples  cited  with  enthusiasm  by  Mr. 
Roland  Thirlmere,  in  his  recent  entertaining 
'Letters  from  Catalonia,'  will  leave  genea- 
logists frigid.  In  conclusion,  Spain,  un- 
fortunately for  her  pedigrees  in  their  early 
reaches,  has  not  yet  produced  an  expert  of 
the  calibre  of  Mr.  Horace  Round. 

V.  D.  P. 


DANTEIANA. 
1.  '  INF.,'  xv.  23:— 

Fui  conosciuto  da  un,  che  mi  prese 
Per  lo  lembo  e  grido  :  Qual  maraviglia  I 
This  un  was,   of    course,   Brunetto    Latini. 
But  why  does  Dante  place    him    amongst 
those  who  have  done  violence  to  nature  ?    As 
Scartazzini  pertinently  observes, — 

"  Del  vizio  di  che  Dante  lo  fa  colpevole  non  se  ne 
sa  d'  altronde  nulla,  ed  e  un  enimma  perche  il 
Poeta  lo  abbia  posto  in  cosi  brutto  luogo." 

Surely  he  must  have  had  some  basis  for  this 
extraordinary  treatment  of  his  old  counsellor 
other  than  his  acknowledged  impartiality  ! 
Perhaps  Dbllinger  ('  Dante  as  a  Prophet'  in 
4  Studies  in  European  History ')  sounded  the 
key-note  when  he  wrote  : — 

"Dante  has  certainly  no  suspicion  that  he  himself 
as  well  as  all  his  contemporaries  are  lying  buried 
under  a  mountain  of  impostures,  fictions,  and 
fabrications,  which  it  will  only  be  given  to  much 
later  years  to  remove." 

And  the  location  of  Latini  in  this  Circle  is 
all  the  more  curious,  for,  as  Cary  observes, 
"  the  sin  for  which  he  is  condemned  by  his  pupil 
is  mentioned  in  his  '  Tesoretto'  with  great  horror." 
One  is  hardly  astonished  to  learn  from 
Lombard  i, — 

"  Viene  per  questo  scrivere  il  ppeta  nostro,  rim- 
proverato  d'  ingratitudine  da  molti," 

though  one  may  challenge  his  suggested! 
utility  of  Dante's  incomprehensible  action : — 
"  Supposta  pert)  la  verita  non  si  puo  negare  che- 
serva  questo  avviso  di  fortissimo  ritegno  a  quelli 
che  ammaestrano  la  gioventu." 

This  was  sufficiently  guaranteed  by  the 
presence  of  undoubted  culprits  in  the 
persons  of  Francesco  d'Accorso  and  Andrea, 
de'  Mozzi.  Possibly  the  key  to  the  mystery 
may  lie  in  Villain's  mot  "  uomo  mondano," 
albeit  neither  a  worldly  man  nor  a  man  of 
the  world  is  necessarily  a  pederast,  and  in 
this  connexion  I  cannot  accept  Plumptre's 
hint  that  "  the  use  of  the  feminine  mondancc- 
as  =meretnce  shows  the  connotation  of  the 
adjective." 

Cary's  comment  on  the  presence  of 
Priscian  is  on  all  fours  with  that  of  Lom- 
bardi's  anent  Latini,  and  of  similar  value. 
Dante  had  no  need  to  make  scapegoats  of 
innocent  men  to  "imply  the  frequency  of  the- 
crime  among  those  who  abused  the  oppor- 
tunities which  the  education  of  youth  afforded 
them  to  so  abominable  a  purpose,"  when 
D'Accorso  and  De1  Mozzi  were  to  his  hand. 
The  mystery,  therefore,  remains  unsolved, 
and  Dante  must  stand  "  rimprqverato  d'  in- 
gratitudine" and  unusual  unfairness,  until, 
at  least,  a  well-grounded  vindication  shall 
remove  the  double  imputation. 


10*  s.  in.  JUNE  24, 1905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


48$ 


2.  Ibid.,  29:  — 

Chinando  la  mano  alia  sua  faccia. 
The  heat  generated  by  this  unfortunate  line 
circles  round  the  second  and  third  words. 
Did  the  autograph  or  original  MS.  bear  "la 
mano "  or  ''la  raia "  —  meaning  "la  mia 
faccia :'  ?  As  we  had  neither  the  privilege 
of  overlooking  the  poet  when  writing,  nor 
that  of  inspecting  the  said  MS.,  a  dogmatic 
yea  or  nay  on  this  score  would  be  an  arro- 
gant assumption.  Failing  these  (would-be) 
authoritative  verifications,  we  turn  for  light, 
on  the  one  hand,  to  the  earliest  available 
transcriptions  of  the  line  and  received 
printed  texts,  and,  on  the  other,  to  the 
internal  evidence  of  the  context  itself. 

The  three  earliest  MSS.  favouring  "  la 
mia"  are  those  known  as  D,  I,  M,  the  first 
and  third  of  which  are  ascribed  by  Dr.  Moore 
to  the  early  fifteenth  century  (and  by  Mor- 
tara  to  the  fourteenth),  and  the  second  to  the 
late  fifteenth.  All  three  are  in  the  Bodleian, 
and  constitute  a  respectable,  if  not  an  indis- 
putable authority.  This  manuscript  support 
may  be,  and  is,  very  slender,  but  it  provides 
one  at  least  with  an  almost  certainly  true 
reading.  So  eminent  an  authority  as  Dr. 
Moore  goes  so  far  with  me  as  to  admit,  while 
curiously  adopting  Witte's  text  with  "  la 
mano,"  that,  in  spite  of  the  ill-mannered 
savagery  of  Scartazzini's  note,  there  is  very 
much  to  be  said  for  the  reading  "chinando 
la  mia  alia  sua  faccia,"  and  for  the  following 
reasons  : — 

"(1)  Is  not  chinare  la  mano  a  very  strange  ex- 
pression, whereas  we  have  quite  naturally  chinare 
with  faccia,  just  as  we  have  it  again  in  'Purg.,'  xi. 
73,  and  as  \ve  also  have  it  with  fronte  in  '  Purg.,' 
iii.  44:  with  mo  in  'Inf.,'  v.  110;  and  with  te-fta  in 
'Inf.,'  vi.  92?  We  might  add  also  with  occhio  and 
ciglia  in  '  Purg.,'  ii.  40  and  vii.  13.  (2)  What  would 
be  the  meaning  here  of  such  an  action  as  'chinare 
la  niatio  alia  sua  faccia'?  The  same  action  as 
applied  to  faccia  is  exactly  what  is  described  in 
1.  44  just  below,  and  is  consistent  with  lines  17,  £c., 
and  26,  immediately  before.  Among  the  old  com- 
mentators only  Buti  and  Barg.  adopt  the  reading 
here  advocated.  Lan.,  Bocc.,  Veil.,  and  Dan.  have 
la  mano,  the  first  two  without  explanation.  Lan. 
says  '  fece  schermo  all'  anima  per  meglio  vederla 
colla  mano,'  which  can  hardly  be  the  meaning  of 
'chinando  la  mano  alia  sua  faccia.'  It  would 
rather  have  implied  sua  faccia,  and  would  be 
an  action  due  to  excessive  light,  of  which,  there  is 
no  evidence.  Dan.  says  it  was  an  act  of  extreme 
intimacy  and  familiarity.  Ott.,  Anon.,  Fior.,  and 
Land,  pass  by  the  passage  in  silence.  Castelvetro, 
following  the  corrupt  Aldine  text,  has  'alia  mia 
faccia,'  but  corrects  it  in  his  Commentary  to  yua, 
and  explains  that  Dante  'si  china  ver  lui  con  le 

mani  [but  the  text  has  la  mano] per  careggiarlo 

e  quasi  abbracciarlo,'  &c." 

I  turn  no\v  to  the  readings  of  the  printed 
texts,  in  addition  to  Dr.  Moore's  list.  Scartaz- 


zini's and  Witte's  have  "  la  mano,"  those  of 
Bianchi  and  Lombardi  "  la  raia."  Both  these- 
latter  leave  the  line  unannotated,  but  the- 
latter's  "Nuovo  Editore"  has  the  followin^ 
note  : — 

"  Ci  riputiamo  fortunati  di  aver  rinvenuto  nel 
Cod.  Caet.  la  be  la  vanente  di  mla  in  vece  di  mano- 
che  lesse  il I  Lombardi  insiem  cogli  altri.  L'  atto  di 
chinar  la  faccia  puo  sembrar  pin  giusto  dell'  altro 
dl  chinar  la  mano,  a  chi  reflette  che  attesa  1'  osctt- 
nta,  Uante  dall  alto  del  margine  dove  abbassarsi 
alquanto  per  meglio  ficcar  gli  occhi  per  fo  cottc. 
aspetto  del  Maestro  Ser  Brunette  in  atto  di 
nconoscerlo.  E  chinando  la  mano  alia  mia  faccia, 
Cod.  \  at.  con  variante  che  puo  questionarsi." 

But  of  more  interest  than  any  of  the  above 
are  the  readings  of  the  "  prime  quattro- 
edizioni,"  thus  : — 

Et  chinando  lamano  ala  sua  faccia  (Foligno). 
e  chinando  la  mano  alia  sua  faccia  (Mantua). 
&  chinando  la  mano  ala  sua  facia  (Jesi). 
&  chinando  lamano  ala  sua  faccia  (Napoli). 

The  antiquity  of  these  readings  is  as  vener- 
able as  the  spelling  is  curious  and  varied,  and) 
the  odd  conjunction  of  "lamano"  in  the  first 
and  fourth  will  be  noted.  The  above  read- 
ings I  obtained  from  the  John  Rylands 
Library  in  this  city,  in  which  I  also,  through 
the  kindness  of  Mr.  H.  Guppy,  inspected  an. 
early  fifteenth-century  MS.  of  the  'D.  C.'  in- 
which  the  line  is  transcribed  as 

Et  chinando  la  mano  ala  sua  faccia. 
The   "ala"  links  it  with  the  Foligni,  Jesi, 
and  .Napoli  orthography. 

A  passing  collation  of  some  of  our  ver- 
nacular versions  will  show  the  bias  of  their 
authors. 

Gary  renders  the  line  :— 

And  towards  his  face 
My  hand  inclining. 

Plumptre  : — 

And  bending  down  my  hand  toward  his  face.. 
Tomlinson  :  — 

And  lowering  my  hand  upon  his  face. 
Ford  :  — 

Bending  my  face  to  his. 
Longfellow  : — 

And  bowing  down  my  face  unto  his  own. 
E.  Lee- Hamilton  : — 

And  bending  down  my  face  to  his. 
Longfellow's  preference  is  stated  thus  :— 

"The  reading  la  mia  seems  preferable  to  la  manot. 
and  is  justified  by  line  45." 

Lee-Hamilton  also : — 

"Of  the  two  readings  faccia  and  mano.  I  follow 
the  first. 

Finally,  as  to  presumptive  evidence  from, 
the  context  itself,  "there  is,"  to  repeat  Dr. 
Moore's  words,  "  very  much  to  be  said  for  the- 


4-8  A 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [10*  s.  in.  JUNE  24, 1005. 


•reading  '  chinando  la  mia  alia  sua  faccia.' "  I 
-am  inclined  to  go  further,  and  hold  that  there 
•is  everything  to  be  said  in  its  favour,  Scar- 
tazzini  and  Benvenuto  notwithstanding.  The 
'former  absurdly  asks,  "Come  poteva  chinare 
la  sua  alia  faccia  di  Brunetto,  se  questi  era 
tanto  piu  basso  ? "  It  was  precisely  because 
Dante  was  on  a  higher,  and  Latini  on  a  lower 
level,  that  the  poet  "bent  his  face  to  his," 
that  he  might  the  better  scan  the  features  of 
his  "  viso  abbruciato."  It  is  unreasonable  to 
-suggest,  as  Benvenuto  does,  that  he  reached 
down  "  ut  tangeret  eum  in  fronte."  Wherein 
lay  the  advantage  of  such  an  action  1  It  was 
to  recognize  fully  and  hear  more  readily,  not 
merely  touch  or  embrace  or  caress,  his  un- 
fortunate tutor  that  Dante  stooped  from  his 
altitude.  This  is  borne  out  with  more  than  a 
semblance  of  probability  by  the  capo  chino 
rtenea  of  11.  44-5.  In  fact,  the  la  mano  conten- 
tion seems  to  me  to  be  utterly  at  variance 
with  both  the  letter  and  spirit  of  the  entire 
oanto,  and  I  have  always  regarded  the  words 
as  an  interpolation,  due  either  to  a  wanton 
meddling  or  a  lamentable  misreading  of  the 
original  autograph,  which,  after  the  manner 
•of  sheep,  subsequent  copyists  have  unreflect- 
ingly perpetuated.  J.  B.  McGovERN. 
J3t.  Stephen's  Rectory,  C.-on-M.,  Manchester. 


THE   'FAITHFUL  ADMONITION'  OF 
MAY,  1554. 

AT  the  time  when  the  people  of  England 
were  noting  with  deep  discontent  the  arrange- 
ments for  the  ill-omened  marriage  of  Queen 
Mary  to  Philip  of  Spain  there  was  printed 
a  small  book  dealing  with  the  religious  and 
political  difficulties  and  problems  of  the 
'time.  The  aim  of  this  volume  is  explained 
<by  its  very  full  title-page  and  significant 
••colophon,  which  are  here  transcribed  from 
the  copy  in  the  John  Rylands  Library  at 
Manchester : — 

"A  faythfull  admonycion  of  a  certen  trewe 
ipastor  and  prophete,  sent  vnto  the  germanes  at 
•such  tyme  as  certen  great  princes  went  abowt  to 
bring  in  aliens  in  to  germany,  ajvd  to  restore  the 
•papacy,  the  kyngdom  of  Antychrist,  &c.  Now 
translated  into  Ingglyssh  for  a  lyke  admonycion 
unto  all  trewe  Ingglyssh  hartes,  whereby  thei  may 
lerne  and  knowe  how  to  consyder  and  receiue  the 
procedings  of  the  Inglyssh  magistrates  and  Bisshops. 
With  a  preface  of  M.  Philip  Melancthon.  [Colo- 
phon:] Imprynted  at  Grenewych  by  Conrade 
Freeman  in  the  month  of  May,  1554.  With  the 
most  gracious  license  and  priuilege  of  godallmighty, 
Kyng  of  heauen  and  erth. ' 

Sigs.  in  8,  A  to  K  iii. 

English  bibliographers  have  been  content 
to  regard  this  >work  as  anonymous,  but  "a 


certain  true  pastor  and  prophet ''  is  not 
difficult  to  identify.  The  book  is  a  trans- 
lation from  the  great  German  Reformer  : — 

"  Warnunge  D.  Martini  Luther  an  seine  lieben 
Deudschen,  vor  etlichen  Jaren  geschrieben  auf 
diesen  rfall,  so  die  feinde  Christlicher  Warheit 
diese  Kirchen  und  Land,  darinne  reine  Lehr  des 
Evangelii  greprediget  wird,  niit  Krieg  uberziehen 
und  zerstoren  wolten.  Mit  einer  vorrede  Philippi 
Melancthon.  Witteberg.  Gedruckt  durch  Hans 
Lufft,  1546,"  4to. 

Melancthon's  preface  appears  in  the  great 
edition  of  his  works  edited  by  Bretschneider 
(Halis  Saxonum,  1839,  t.  vi.  p.  190).  Luther's 
'  Warnung '  was  printed  by  Hans  Luf  t  in  1531, 
but  the  edition  of  1546  is  the  first  containing 
the  preface  of  Melancthon,  which  is  dated 
10  July  of  that  year.  Bibliographical  par- 
ticulars of  these  early  editions  of  the  German 
text  are  given  in  the  '  Bibliotheca  Linde- 
siana'  (No.  vii.). 

On  A  ii.  begins,  "  The  preface  of  the  trans- 
lator. Eusebius  Pamphilus,  the  translator  of 
this  folowing  treatyse,  unto  the  Christen 
reader."  After  some  hard  words  to  the 
Romanists  the  writer  says  : — 

"Iff  such  warnings  as  haue  proceeded  of  the  like 
spirite  as  this  present  aduertisement  was  writton, 
had  bene  regarded  in  time,  parauenture  god  wold 
haue  spared  vs  our  late  Josias,  Noble  King  Edward 
of  famos  memory,  a  litle  longar.  0  Ingland,  Ing- 
land,  that  thy  shines,  vnthankfulnes  and  securite 
were  such  that  thei  prouoked  god  to  take  fro'  the 
such  a  prince  thorow  whom  thou  migh test  so  quietly 
and  religiosly  haue  bene  gouerned,  and  to  send  the 
such  now  as  goo  abowt  to  bring  the  in  thraldom 
and  subieccion  vnto  alienes  and  to  conquer  the 
with  tyranny  and  seduce  the  with  fals  relygyon." 

He  goes  on  to  say  that  the  nobles  had  made 
a  mock  and  a  jest  of  the  preachers  who  had 
reproved  them  for  their  enormities  : — 

"Thei  thought  parauenture  that  it  was  inough 
for  them  to  pretend  gods  trewe  religion  how  little 
so  euer  thei  framed  their  lyues  thereaffter." 

The  Papists,  he  says,  fill  all  the  pulpits. 
Those  who  had  given  warning  were  true 
prophets,  and  therefore  this  "further  warn- 
ing" should  be  needed,  lest  they  have  a 
sharper  penance  : — 

"  This  shuld  my  lordes  and  the  nobles  doo, 
whereby  the  trewe  feare  of  god  might  appeare  to 
be  in  their  hartes,  and  not  to  fall  fro'  conte'pt  of 
gods  holy  word  to  the  vtter  renowncyng  and 
denyeng  of  it,  and  to  seme  to  feare  more  a  weake 
creature  (As  Peter  did  the  gyrle)  tha'  the  mighty 
god  which  hath  the  hartes  of  all  creatures  in  his 
ha'des." 

He  is  profuse  of  abusive  words  against  the 
adherents  of  the  Roman  Church,  and  strikes 
the  patriotic  note  that  in  the  end  hindered 
all  Mary's  projects.  The  mass  being  restored, 
"  now,"  he  says, 


io*s.m.jrxE24,i905.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


485 


"  thei  may  see  what  it  hath  brought,  and  what  it 
ia  like  to  bring,  namely,  thesubuersion  of  the  whole 
state  of  the  realme,  the  ouerronning  thereof  with  a 
strange  nacion  and  such  a  nacion  as  is  the  most 
Vyle  and  godles  nacion  vp  on  earth." 

He  exhorts  them  to  repentance,  and  the 
fruit  of  it  is  to  be  the  driving  of  Papists 
and  aliens  out  of  the  country, so  that  "  where 
thei  sought  but  one  waye  to  come  in  thei 
shall  seke  x.  to  flee  owt  of  it  agayne."  Re- 
sistance is  advocated  : — 

"  No  man  minister  any  aide  or  obedience  to  such 
tyrannes  as  bend  themselues  aganst  god  and  his 
word  and  to  the  subversion  of  their  natural 
contry.  In  which  case  it  is  not  only  vnlawful  to 
obey  them  or  in  any  wyse  to  consent  vnto  them, 
but  also  most  lawfull  to  stand  in  the  defence  of 
goddes  religion  and  of  the  lawdable  and  awncient 
state  of  their  co'try  aganst  such  vncircumcised 
tyrannes  (thei  shall  neuer  be  called  magistrates  of 
me  til  thei  shewe  themselues  worthy  of  that  name) 
as  goo  abowt  such  deuillissh  enterprises." 

The  choice  of  the  pseudonym  Eusebius 
Paraphilus  seems  to  point  to  John  Foxe  as 
the  translator  and  putter-forth  of  this  book. 
He  had  already  written  part  of  that  which 
subsequently  grew  to  be  the  mighty  folio  of 
the  'Acts  and  Monuments,'  and  might  there- 
fore think  the  name  of  the  early  Church 
historian  a  suitable  disguise.  Amongst  his 
books,  as  enumerated  by  Bale  and  Tanner, 
is  '  Persecutiones  Ecclesise  a  Luthero,' lib.  i., 
a  vague  title  which  might  apply  to  the 
'  Warnung'  as  to  many  other  writings  of  the 
German  Reformer.  The  translation  is  not 
always  very  close,  and  the  translator  has 
before  his  eyes  the  case  of  England  and  not 
of  Germany— as  was  natural. 

But  was  this  book  issued  at  Greenwich  in 
May,  1554]  It  appears  to  be  the  only  one 
with  Conrade  Freeman's  name  as  printer. 
The  type  seems  to  me  more  continental  than 
English.  Perhaps  it  was  printed  abroad  for 
secret  circulation  in  this  country. 

Since  writing  the  foregoing  it  has  come 
to  my  knowledge  that  Mr.  C.  E.  Sayle,  in 
his  'Early  English  Printed  Books  in  Cam- 
bridge University  Library'  (ii.  1306;  iii. 
1412),  catalogues  the  'Faythfuil  Admonycion ' 
under  Luther's  name,  and  says  that  the 
type  is  the  same  as  that  of  the 'Zurich  Bible 
printed  by  Froschauer.  Three  other  English 
works  are  mentioned  by  him  as  from  the 
same  press.  This  might  lead  us  to  look  for 
the  translator  of  the  'Warnung'  amongst 
the^ group  of  Reformers  who  found  refuge 
at  Zurich.  There  were  twelve  of  them  in 
Froschauer's  house  in  1554.  But  of  course 
the  MS.  may  have  been  sent  to  Zurich,  if 
that  place  is  definitely  accepted  as  the  place 
of  printing.  WlLLIAM  E-  A,  Axox. 

Manchester. 


"  BOAST  " :  ITS  ETYMOLOGY.—"  Boast "  is  one- 
of  the  few  English  words  the  ultimate  origin* 
of  which  is  still  a  matter  of  doubt.    Prof. 
Skeat  connects  it  tentatively  with  the  Aryan, 
root  pus,  to  blow,  as  if  inflated  language.  The- 
'N.E.D.'  leaves  the  matter  undecided,  bufc 
gives  fourteenth-century  quotations  of  bost$ 
meaning  talking  big,  vaunting,  and  instances- 
of  an  old  phrase,  "  to  blow  a  boast,"  meaningr 
to   brag  or  vaunt.     The  idea  of  something 
blown  up  or  inflated,  like  a  bladder,  may 
very  probably  be  the  root  idea.    A  common* 
form  of  the  word  in  sixteenth-century  Scotch 
was   boist,  and  if  this  can  be   brought  into- 
connexion  with  boist,  a  still  older  word,  which- 
is  used  for  a  flask,  a  vessel  of  glass  blown  owb- 
into  a  bellied  or  globular  form,  a  cupping- 
glass,  we  may  be  on  the  right  scent.    As  a- 
matter  of  fact,  lost  or  boist  is  frequently  used* 
to  translate  ampulla,  a    flask    or    globular- 
bottle,  especially  that  used  for  holding  holy 
oil    (see    '  Promptorium    Parvulorum '    and' 
'Catholicon  Anglicum,'  with  the  notes).   Now 
ampulla  had  the  secondary  meaning  in  Latin* 
of   inflated,    vaunting    language,    bombast, 
just  as  in  Greek  Ary/<v$os  meant  both  a  blown- 
out  bottle  and  great  swelling  words  of  vanity  ; 
while  XrjKvdifav  was  to  speak  bombastically. 
Thus  Horace  says  that  in  second-rate  tragedies 
a     character     "projicit     ampullas"     ('Ars 
Poetica,'    1.    97),    or    spouts    bombast,    and 
"deseevit    et    amvndlatur"    or    raves    bom- 
bastically ('Ep.,'i.  3,  14). 

Accordingly  we  find  in  the  '  Catholicon 
Anglicum '  ( 1483 )  "  a  Boste,  ampulla, 
iactancia,  pompa,  magnificencia  ;  ampullosu* 
participium"  (i.e.,  boastful),  as  well  as  "  to- 
Boste,  ampullare,  ascribere,  iactare,  iactitare."" 
It  would  seem  that  the  figurative  use  of  boast, 
"  to  talk  flasks "  (bostes,  boists],  or  inflated 
language,  was  modelled  on  the  Latin  am- 
pullari,  to  utter  ampullce.  We  may  compare 
Jiasco,  a  vain  or  abortive  attempt,  originally 
a  flask,  a  puffed-out  thing  which  easily  col- 
lapses, and  Ital.  "sacco  di  venlo,  a  bag  of: 
winde,  also  an  idle  boaster  "  (Florio). 

Boste  or  boist,  an  oil-flask,  was  originally  » 
box  to  hold  ointment,  Old  Fr.  boiste,  from  a 
Low  Lat.  biistia,  buxida,  a  box,  borrowed  from 
the  Greek  pyxida.  In  Old  English  to  box 
meant  to  use  the  bw/ste  or  cupping-glass,  a 
globular  vessel,  and  is  virtually  the  same: 
word,  if  my  conjecture  is  correct. 

A.  SMYTHE  PALMED 

S.  Woodford. 

JAMES  GLEN. — There  is  a  brief  and  charac- 
teristically inaccurate  account  of  this  colonial 
governor  in  Appleton's  '  Cyclopaedia  of 
American  Biography,'  s.v.  Glenn  (sic) ;  also 
in  Dr.  Charles  Rogers's  privately  printed 


486 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io*  s.  ui.  JUNE  24,  im 


'  Memorials  of  the  Scottish  Family  of  Glen ' 
<1888),  p.  13  ;  but  in  neither  is  the  date  of  his 
death  given.  He  was  the  elder  of  the  two 
•sons  of  Alexander  Glen,  of  Longcroft,  Lin- 
'lithgowshire,  provost  of  Linlithgow,  and  was 
born  before  1702.  On  12  February,  1715,  he 
•received  a  royal  charter  in  life-rent  of  the 
•lands  of  Bonningtoun,  and  was  on  22  August, 
1722,  served  heir-general  to  his  father.  He 
was  elected  F.S.A.  on  23  January,  1729.  In 
August,  1741,  he  sailed  for  South  Carolina  as 
.-governor  of  that  province,  taking  with  him 
for  his  secretary  a  brother  Scot  and  fellow- 
antiquary  in  the  person  of  Alexander  Gordon, 
-author  of  '  Itirierarium  Septentrionale.'  Glen 
was  recalled  in  January,  1755.  To  him  has 
-been  ascribed  'A  Description  of  South  Caro- 
lina, containing  many  Curious  and  Interest- 
ing Particulars  relating  to  the  Civil,  Natural, 
•and  Commercial  History  of  that  Colony,' 
pp.  viii,  110,  8vo,  issued  anonymously  in  1761 
'by  R.  &  J.  Dodsley  from  "Tally's  Head  "  in 
'Pall  Mall ;  but  the  real  author  was  more 
probably  Gordon,  who  had  previously  com- 
municated an  elaborate  description  of  the 
natural  history  of  the  province  to  the  Royal 
Society.  This  valuable  essay  was  included 
in  vol.  ii.  of  B.  It  Carroll's  '  Historical  Col- 
lections of  South  Carolina'  (8vo,  New  York, 
1836).  Glen  died  in  Golden  Square,  London, 
on  18  July,  1777  (Scots  Magazine,  xxxix.  390). 
By  will  dated  18  February,  and  proved 
10  September,  1777  (P.C.C.,  386  Collier),  he 
bequeathed  the  bulk  of  his  ample  fortune  to 
bis  niece  Elizabeth,  only  child  of  his  younger 
brother  Andrew.  She  had  married  in  1767 
George,  eighth  Earl  of  Dalhousie,  and  died 
in  1807.  GORDON  GOODWIN. 

ST.  PIRAN'S  ORATORY,  CORNWALL.— In  Mr. 
Wall's  'Shrines  of  British  Saints'  ("The 
Antiquary's  Books  "),  p.  87,  is  an  account  of 
this  oratory,  in  which  are  repeated  false  and 
foolish  statements  that  have  been  contra- 
dicted over  and  over  again  :  "  Beneath  the 
altar  slab  were  three  headless  skeletons,  one 
was  of  a  woman,"  &c.  "  The  altar  of  the 
oratory  was  found  to  be  placed  in  the  position 
of  a  tomb,  the  length  extending  east  and 
west."  The  originator  of  this  silly  account 
was  the  Rev.  William  Haslam,  who  first 
arrived  in  Cornwall  in  1842— seven  years, 
•that  is,  after  the  church  had  been  excavated 
•by  Mr.  Mitchell  of  Comprigney.  Mr.  Mit- 
•chell's  contemporary  account,  with  detailed 
measurements,  and  his  original  plan  are  in 
the  library  of  the  Royal  Institution  of  Corn- 
wall at  Truro.  They  are  printed  in  full 
(with  a  copy  of  the  plan)  in  the  Institution's 
Journal,  vol.  xvi.  (1904),  and  contradict  Mr. 
Haslam  and  Mr.  Wall  (who  has  evidently 


merely  copied  Haslam)  in  almost  every  par- 
ticular. That  this  wonderful  altar  should 
find  record  in  so  important  a  series  as  "  The 
Antiquary's  Books  "  is  a  serious  matter,  and 
there  is  no  excuse  for  it.  If  Mr.  Wall  never 
saw  the  local  paper,  The  West  Briton  of 
24  January,  1895,  where  much  of  Mitchell's 
paper  is  reproduced  and  the  falsehoods  ex- 
posed, he  should  at  any  rate  have  been 
acquainted  with  Mr.  Hingeston- Randolph's 
edition  of  Bp.  Grandison's  '  Register '  (see 
vol.  ii.  p  607).  YGREC. 

"BLOODY  WARRIORS."  —  The  profusion  of 
wallflowers  in  my  grounds  just  now  reminds 
me  that  country  folk  in  Devon  almost  in- 
variably refer  to  them  as  "  bloody  warriors.1' 
"  Us  has  agot  a  'mazing  crap  ov  bliddy  waryers 
thease  yer',"  is  the  universally  expressed 
opinion  of  every  cottager  hereabouts  when 
speaking  of  gardening  matters. 

HARRY  HEMS. 

Fair  Park,  Exeter. 

"  His  MAJESTY'S  OPPOSITION."— We  have  it 
on  the  authority  of  "  H.  M.  B."  (Henry 
Montagu  Butler),  given  in  a  recent  letter  to 
The  Times,  that  Sir  John  Cam  Hobhouse 
(afterwards  Lord  Broughton)  was  the  first  to 
use  the  phrase  in  a  debate  in  the  House  of 
Commons.  Lord  Broughton  told  Dr.  Montagu 
Butler  that  Mr.  Canning  immediately  good- 
naturedly  congratulated  him  on  having  made 
himself  immortal.  It  is  scarcely  necessary 
to  remind  the  reader  that  John  Cam  Hob- 
house  was  the  soul  of  honour  and  of  un- 
impeachable veracity. 

RICHARD  EDGCUMBE. 

[See  9th  S.  i.  312  and  the  references  there  given.] 

EVANGELICAL  ZOOLOGY  AT  VITORIA.  —  One 
of  the  most  interesting  churches  in  Spain  is 
the  once-cathedral  church  of  Armentia,  about 
a  mile  from  the  now-cathedral  church  of 
Vitoria,  the  capital  of  the  province  of  Alava. 
If  Ruskin  had  visited  Spain  and  seen  it 
(and  it  is  a  great  pity  that  he  never  did,  as 
it  is  also  that  there  is  no  society  for  the 
protection  of  the  ancient  buildings  of  the 
Peninsula,  where  the  "  modernistas  "  have 
barbarously  destroyed  so  many  quite  re- 
cently), he  would  no  doubt  have  described 
its  romanesque  exterior  carvings,  of  about 
the  year  1100  apparently.  A  few  years  ago 
it  was  discovered  that  in  the  lantern,  above 
the  false  vaulting  of  the  centre  of  the 
"cross"  or  transept,  there  exist  in  the  four 
corners  carvings  symbolical  of  the  four  Evan- 
gelists, in  stone,  coeval  with  the  foundation 
of  the  "  templo."  I  have  lately  seen  them  ; 
and  photographs  of  them  may  be  obtained 
from  Don  Julian  de  Apraiz,  Director  del 


s.  in.  JUNE  24,  iocs.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


487 


Institute,  Vitoria,  the  well-known  "  Cervan- 
tista,"  and  explorer  of  the  dolmens  of  Alava. 
Those  occupying  the  eastward  corners  of  the 
square  are :  on  the  north,  St.  Matthew,  as  a 
winged  angel,  with  a  Baskish  face,  looking 
towards  St.  Luke  ;  on  the  south,  St.  John,  as 
a  winged  man,  with  an  eagle's  head  covered 
with  feathers,  not  unlike  an  Egyptian  god. 
Those  in  the  westward  corners  are :  on  the 
north,  St.  Mark,  a  man  with  a  lion's  head 
looking  at  St.  John  ;  on  the  south,  St.  Luke, 
a  man  with  the  head  of  a  calf,  very  much 
like  TenniePs  illustration  of  Lewis  Carroll's 
"mock-turtle."  The  body  of  each  of  these 
men  is  vested  in  a  kind  of  gauzy  alb,  showing 
superior  skill  in  sculpture.  The  feet  of  each 
statue  rest  on  a  bed  of  acanthus  supported 
by  an  abacus,  below  which  is  a  human  face. 
Above  each  statue  there  is  a  bust  of  an  angel 
blowing  a  horn  for  judgment. 

E.  S.  DODGSON. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  sent  to  them 
direct. 

SIR  BALTHASAR  GERBIER  :  ZOFFANY'S  POR- 
TRAIT OF  MOZART.— 1.  Les  fils  de  Sir  Balthasar 
Gerbier  ont-ils  laisse  des  descendants  1  Cette 
famille  s'est-elle  perpetuee  en  Angleterre  ? 

2.  Un  portrait  de  Mozart  attribue  a  Zoffany, 
et  peint  a  Londres  en  1764,  serait  en  la  pos- 
session d'un  Mr.  Percy  Moore  Turner.  Si 
Ton  connait  le  proprietaire,  serait-il  possible 
d'obtenir  une  reproduction  photographique 
de  1'originan  D'apres  un  journal  hollandais, 
ce  portrait  etait,  au  commencement  du  dix- 
neuvieme  siecle,  en  la  possession  d'un  chef 
d'orchestre  a  Norwich.  CTE.  DE  ST.  Foix. 

31,  Rue  Pierre  Charron,  Paris. 

BISHOPS'  SIGNATURES  :  THEIR  PUNCTUA- 
TION.— Can  any  rule  or  reason  be  given  for 
the  varied  forms  this  takes?  To  give  an 
illustration  from  the  Archbishops  of  Canter- 
bury :  in  1877  ArchbishopTait  signed  Cantuar. 
(full  point) ;  in  1889  Benson  signed  Cantuar  : 
(colon) ;  in  1898  Temple  used  the  colon ; 
and  now  Randall  Davidson  does  the  same. 
Why  has  the  colon  displaced  the  full  point  ? 
Has  it  done  so  with  all  bishops'  signatures  ? 
Is  it  a  recent  innovation  ?  And  will  it  con- 
tinue 1  One  of  our  bishops  has  kindly  drawn 
my  attention  to  this  matter. 

F.  HOWARD  COLLINS. 

Iddesleigh,  Torquay. 


CARNEGIE  :  ITS  PRONUNCIATION.— In  a  re- 
cent number  of  Punch  (24  May)  there  is  an 
ingenious  little  poem,  in  which  this  name 
occurs  four  times,  each  time  with  a  different 
rime,  the  poet  confessing  that  he  "  is  not 
sure  of  the  pronunciation."  In  one  verse  he 
has  the  accent  wrong  (Carnegie),  a  blunder 
often  made,  even  by  speakers  who  ought  to 
know  better.  In  other  verses  he  has  the 
right  accent  (Carnegie),  and  the  variation  is 
in  the  quality  of  the  vowel : — 

But  fifty  thousand  pounds  to  me  gie, 
And  I  will  praise  your  name,  Carnegie. 
Dear  charitable,  kind  Carnegie, 
Do  give  me  fifty  thou.,  I  beg  'ee. 
Just  fifty  thou.,  for  duns  are  plaguy, 
And  I  "  will  ever  pray,"  Carnegie. 

My  impression  is  that  this  name  should  rime 
with  "plaguy."  Can  any  reader  say  if  this 
is  correct?  Of  course  some  allowance  is  due 
to  individual  taste.  The  name  is  derived 
from  Gaelic  cathair-an-Eiye,  "  the  Fort  at 
the  Gap,"  according  to  Johnston,  '  Place- 
names  of  Scotland,'  1892. 

JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

LYTTON  QUOTATION. — Where  do  the  lines— 
if  they  are  such  —  occur  in  one  of  Bulwer 
Lytton's  plays  or  prose  works  ? 

A  thousand  workmen  toiled  to  build  Versailles. 
Further  on  occurs — 

Leaped  like  a  roebuck  from  the  plain. 

VERSAILLES. 

DE  TEIXEIRA  SAMPAYO. — Will  any  corre- 
spondent be  so  good  as  to  furnish  me  with 
information  concerning  any  member,  Portu- 
guese or  English,  of  the  above-named  family  ] 
My  object  is  to  investigate  the  right  of  living 
members  of  my  family  to  bear  the  full  name 
as  above  given.  Any  information,  either 
through  your  columns  or  forwarded  to  me 
privately,  will  be  gratefully  received. 

(Mile.)  B.  C.  DE  TEIXEIRA  SAMPAYO. 

14,  Mazenod  Avenue,  West  Hampstead. 

MAJOR  MONRO.— I  shall  be  glad  of  any 
information  concerning  the  family  of  Major 
Monro,  who  fought  a  duel  with  a  Mr. 
Fawcett  early  last  century  ;  or  any  details 
of  the  duel.  MIRANDA. 

'  PICTURES  OF  THE  OLD  AND  NEW  TESTA- 
MENTS.'—A  work  entitled  'Pictures  of  the 
Old  and  New  Testaments'  was  published  "a 
Amsterdam  chez  Keinier  et  Joshua  Otten " 
(it  looks  like  this).  But  no  date  can  be 
found  in,  on,  or  throughout  it. 

Can  any  of  the  numerous  learned  contri- 
butors to,  subscribers  to,  or  readers  of  the 
increasingly  valuable  'N.  &  Q.'  throw  any 


488 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [10*  s.  m.  JUNE  24, 1905. 


light  upon  the  dates  of  the  publishers'  births 
and  deaths,  or  their  work  in,  and  period  o 
their  careers  passed  at,  Amsterdam,  in  order 
that  the  date  of  publication  of  this  old  book 
may  be  approximately  arrived  at  ? 

The  book  contains  150  copper-plates,  very 
beautifully  conceived  and  thought  out,  anc 
splendidly  executed,  and  it  is  believed  is  a 
rarity  of  value. 

The  undersigned  will  greatly  appreciate 
any  information  concerning  this  fine  ok 
work.  G.  GREEN  SMITH. 

Moorland  Grange,  Bournemouth. 

PREROGATIVE  COURT  OF  CANTERBURY  WILL 
REGISTERS.— Amongst  the  evidences  quotec 
in  support  of  the  pedigree  of  Beauchamp 
Earls  of  Warwick,  is  the  will  of  William  de 
Beauchamp,  dated  1268,  and  said  to  be  in 
fo.  xi  of  register  "  Giffard  in  ye  Prerogative 
Office." 

The  records  of  this  court  now  commence 
in  1383.  It  would  be  interesting  to  know 
at  what  date  the  earlier  records  were  lost. 
This  could  not  have  been  an  error  for  the 
Archbishop's  Registers,  as  Canterbury  has 
not  had  a  primate  named  Giffard.  The  first 
Archbishop's  Register  is  Peckham.  and  starts 
in  1279. 

The  Beauchamp  pedigree  appears  to  have 
been  written  about  the  time  of  Charles  I., 
and  is  brought  down  to  temp.  Henry  VIII. 
It  is  to  be  found  amongst  the  Maddox 
Collection,  and  the  official  number  in  the 
British  Museum  is  Add.  MS.  4551. 

GERALD  FOTHERGILL. 

11,  Brussels  Road,  New  Wandsworth. 

PRATTENTON:  HEATLEY:  DARBY.— I  should 
be  obliged  if  any  one  could  inform  me  if  there 
are  any  pedigrees  of  the  following  families, 
which  are  not  mentioned  in  Marshall's 
'Guide  ' :  Prattenton  of  Hartlebury,  Worces- 
tershire ;  Heatley  of  Waterford  ;  Darby  of 
Rowley,  Yorkshire.  A.  J.  C.  GUIMARAENS. 

115,  The  Grove,  Ealing,  W. 

TACITUS    TRANSLATED    BY    GREENWEY    AND 

SAVILE.— This  translation  or  these  transla- 
tions are  spoken  of,  and  inquired  about,  in 
a  reply  on  '//  in  Cockney'  (see  10th  S. 
ii.  535).  Richard  Greenwey  translated  the 
Annals '  and  the  '  Description  of  Germany  ' 
My  copy  is  dated  1640— i.e.,  eighteen  years 
later  than  the  edition  mentioned  by  MR. 
Y ARDLEY  ;  but  it  is  not  said  to  be  of  any  par- 
ticular edition.  The  dedication  to  "Robert, 
.bar!  of  Essex  and  Ewe,  Earle  Marshall  of 
England,  Knight  of  the  Garter,"  who  was 
beheaded  in  1601,  shows  that  Greenwey 
published  it  1597-1600,  seeing  that  Essex 
was  appointed  Earl  Marshal  in  1597,  and 


was  beheaded  early  in  1601.  Sir  Henry 
Savile  translated  the  'Histories'  (excepting 
the  fifth  book)  and  the  'Life  of  Agricola/ 
My  copy  is  of  the  sixth  edition,  1640.  It  is 
dedicated  "  to  her  most  Sacred  Majesty." 
Greenwey's  and  Savile's  translations,  dated 
1640,  were  botli  printed  by  J.  L.  for  Richard 
Whitaker.  Allibone  gives  Oxf.,  1581,  as  the 
first  date  of  Savile's  translation.  He  does 
not  mention  Greenwey. 

It  is  worth  noting  that  Greenwey  having 
dedicated  his  translation  of  part  of  Tacitus 
in  or  about  1598  to  the  second  Earl  of  Essex, 
Savile,  being  Warden  of  Merton  College  and 
Provost  of  Eton,  took  charge  of  the  educa- 
tion of  the  third  earl  after  his  father's  death. 
The  second  earl  and  Savile  had  been  intimate 
friends.  This  appears  to  establish  a  con- 
nexion between  Savile  and  Greenwey.  It 
appears  that  the  various  issues  of  Greenwey's 
translation  were  dated,  but  not  marked  as 
to  number  of  edition.  May  it  not  be  that, 
Savile's  translation  of  the  '  Histories '  having 
appeared  in  1581,  Greenwey's  translation 
of  the  'Annals'  was  published  in  or  about 
1598  as  a  supplement,  that  the  two  were 
bound  and  sold  together,  the  title-page  of 
Savile's  part  being  marked  (?)  third  edition, 
and  as  it  were  covering  the  title-page  of  Green- 
wey's part,  which  was  necessarily  placed  first  ? 
Greenwey  is  not  given  in  the  'Dictionary  of 
National  Biography.'  ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

'  TABLE  TALK  OF  SAMUEL  ROGERS.'— Can 
you  help  me  to  the  authorship  of  this  book, 
the  second  edition  of  which  was  published 
by  Edward  Moxon  in  1856?  The  preface  is 
signed  A.  D.  The  book  was  printed  by  Rob- 
son,  Levey  &  Franklin.  What  was  the  date 
of  the  first  edition  ? 

T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.  F.S.A. 

[Two  long  notices  of  the  book  appeared  in  The 
Athenaeum  of  16  and  23  February,  1856,  and  a 
letter  from  A.  D.  (Alexander  Dyce)  was  printed  on 
8  March.  The  bibliography  appended  to  Samuel 
Rogers  in  the  'D.N.B.'  misdates  the  book  1860  } 

"  CONCERTS  OF  ANTIENT  Music."— Mr.  H. 
Barton  Baker,  in  his  history  of  the  Totten- 
ham Street  Theatre,  omits  the  dates  of  these 
concerts  or  the  erection  of  Signor  Paschali's 
concert  -  room.  I  have  a  volume  of  pro- 
grammes of  the  "  Concerts  of  Antient  Music 
as  performed  at  the  New  Rooms,  1780."  Is 
this  their  first  year?  ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 
39,  Hillmarton  Road,  N. 

ALLITERATIVE  GREEK  VERSES. — In  The 
Pall  Mall  Gazette,  about  ten  years  ago,  some 
alliterative  verses  in  Greek  were  published,, 
said  to  have  been  written  on  the  occasion  of 
Jie  marriage  of  the  Duke  of  York  and  Princess 
Mary  of  Teck. 


ws.iii.jcsE24.i9Q5.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


489 


Can  these  verses  be  recovered  from  th 
notes  of  a  reader  curious  in  these  matters 
If  not  there  already,  they  deserve  to  b 
recorded  in  '  Notes  from  a  Diary,'  by  th 
Right  Hon.  Sir  Mountstuart  Grant  Duff. 
A.  G.  GREESHILL. 

1,  Staple  Inn,  W.C. 

GUIDOT. — I  have  an  ancient  picture  bj 
Eoger  Francis  Guidot,  but  I  cannot  find  anj 
reference  to  this  artist  in  any  of  the  authori 
ties.  Was  he  possibly  one  of  the  family  wh 
designed  the  Louvre  1  I  should  be  gratefu 
for  any  information.  II .  A.  NEVILL. 

SIMON  MOUNTFORT,  eldest  son  and  heir  o 
Edward  Mountfort,  of  Caldmore,  co.  Stafford 
was  admitted  at  Gray's  Inn  21  February 
1710/11.  Can  any  of  your  correspondent 
give  me  particulars  of  his  marriage,  offspring 
and  death  ? 

SIMON  SMYTH  MOUNTFORT,  son  of  Simo 
Mountfort,  born  at  Checkley,  co.  Stafford 
matriculated  atChristchurch, Oxford,  11  April 
1799,  aged  eighteen.  Was  lie  the  first  Simon' 
only  grandchild  1  and  did  he  leave  any  heirs 
himself?  P.  MONTFORT. 

JULES  VERNE  :  STAR  AND  CRESCENT  MOON 
— Would  any  of  your  correspondents  kindly 
tell  me  in  what  book  of  Jules  Verne  there  i 
"an  extra  capable  serving-man,  able  to  see 
Jupiter's  satellites  without  the  aid  of  a 
telescope  "  1 

What  is  the  origin  of  the  star  in  the  crescenl 
moon — an  astronomical  impossibility  ? 

J.  H.  ELGIE. 

ST.  GILBERT  OF  SEMPEINGHAM. — Are  there 
any  legends  or  folk-tales  attaching  to  this 
saint  ?  and,  if  so,  what  author  recounts  them 
in  English  ?  G.  •  W. 

SONNET  ON  N.  M.  CONSTANCE.— A  sonnet 
appeared  in  The  Standard  of  21  April,  "  In 
Memoriam  of  Nellie  Mary  Constance,"  com- 
mencing : — 

Conscious  in  life  of  immortality, 
We  gaze  upon  an  oft-averted  shore. 

Who  was  the  author  ] 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

QUENINGTON,      GLOUCESTERSHIRE.  —  Where 

can  I  find  any  detailed  account  of  the  house 
of  the  Knights  Hospitallers  at  Quenington, 
the  gateway  of  which  alone  remains  ? 

G.  F.  E.  B. 

MINT  AT  LEEDS,  YORKSHIRE.— Is  there  any 
trustworthy  evidence  for   a  royal  mint  at 


Leeds,  Yorkshire?  Thoresby  claims  that 
honour  for  his  native  town,  and  thus  accounts 
for  it.  The  word  "  Leofdegn  "  on  the  reverse 
of  a  styca  of  Ethelred  II.  he  converts  into 
"  Leodeg,"  by  supposing  that  the  /  was 
redundant  and  that  the  n  was  intended  for 
m,  denoting  moneta.  ( Vide  '  Ducatus,"  Cata- 
logue of  Museum,  p.  341.)  Would  there  be 
any  necessity  for  a  mint  at  Leeds,  when  one 
had  been  established  at  York  for  centuries 
prior  to  the  date  assigned  to  Leeds  ? 

JOHN  GATES. 

CONYERS.  —  Harleian  Society's  vol.  xxiii., 
Durham  Eegisters,  says,  p.  104,  &c. : — 

"Thomas  Musgrave,  D.D.,  buried  at  Durham 
Abbey,  1686.  He  married  Mary,  daughter  of  Sir 
Thomas  Harrison,  of  Copgrove,  Kt.,  by  Margaret, 
daughter  of  Conyers,  Lord  Darcy." 

Can  any  one  give  me  the  date  of  Conyers 
and  his  identity  ?  Burke  seems  to  show  that 
Margaret  died  unmarried. 

W.  BARNES  HELMER. 

MESSIANIC  MEDAL.— I  obtained  the  other 
day  a  dark  bronze  medal,  the  size  of  a  crown 
piece.  It  is  much  worn,  especially  the 
obverse,  being  smooth  with  indents,  and  it 
has  the  appearance  of  great  age.  The  dealer 
from  whom  I  obtained  it  thought  it  might  be 
150  years  old,  but  really  knew  nothing  about 
it.  On  the  obverse  is  the  conventional  por- 
trait of  Christ,  bearing  a  general  similarity 
to  that  said  to  be  engraved  on  an  emerald, 
and  given  to  Pope  Innocent  VIII.  The  bust 
looks  to  your  left,  and  in  front  of  it  is  the 
Hebrew  letter  schin,  and  behind  the  head  the 
Hebrew  letter  aleph. 

On  the  reverse  is  a  Hebrew  inscription  in 
five  lines,  in  the  square  characters.  The  first 
word  is  Messiah,  and  it  appears  to  import  that 
Messiah  has  come  and  will  bring  peace. 

Any  information  that  can  be  given  as 
to  the  real  age,  value,  rarity,  and  place  and 
circumstances  of  the  mintage,  &c.,  of  this 
medal  will  be  thankfully  appreciated.  Are 
there  copies  in  the  British  Museum  and  else- 
where? D.  M.  J. 

BESANT  ON  DR.  WATTS.— Some  few  years 
ago  Sir  Walter  Besant,  in  one  of  his  books 
about  London,  said  that  the  idea  contained 
n  the  lines, 

Sweet  fields  beyond  the  swelling  flood 

Stand  dressed  in  living  green, 

which  form  part  of  a  well-known  hymn  by 
)r.  Isaac  Watts,  was  suggested  by  the  view 

rom  Upper  Clapton,  not  far  from  Stoke 
Vewington,  where  Watts  lived,  across  the 

iea  Valley  to  Walthamstow. 


490 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io«- s.  m.  JUNE  a.  IOOB. 


I  had  always  understood  that  the  lines 
were  suggested  by  the  appearance  of  the 
New  Forest  as  seen  from  Southampton  across 
the  Water,  and  I  find  this  opinion  endorsed 
in  a  letter  of  Edna  Ly all's  printed  in  her 
'Life'  (p.  80),  in  which  she  says  :— 

"On  a  really  bright,  clear  day  one  can  well 
believe  that  Watts  had  Southampton  Water  and 
the  country  beyond  in  his  mind  when  he  wrote 
'Sweet  fields,'  &c." 

Can  any  reader  of  'N.  &  Q.'  help  to  solve 
the  question  upon  which  Sir  Walter  Besant 
and  Edna  Lyall  differed  1 

J.  A.  J.  HOUSDEN. 

LULACH,  KING  OF  SCOTLAND.— Had  Lulach, 
King  of  Scotland,  who  was  killed  at  Strath- 
bolgie,  a  son  1  and  did  he  fly  to  Argyleshire  ? 
Was  there  descended  from  him  the  clan  of 
MacLulich  or  MacLulach  of  Clachan  Dysart 
and  Argyleshire,  referred  to  in  Brown's 
'  Historical  Tree  '  as  the  descendants  of  King 
Lulach?  J.  M.  MACLULICH. 

14,  Lauderdale  Mansions,  Maida  Vale,  W. 


PARSLOE'S  HALL,  ESSEX. 
(10th  S.  iii.  430.) 

I  AM  well  acquainted  with  the  old  manor 
house  and  estate  of  Parsloes  (Parselpes,  Passe- 
lowes,  Parcelowes,  or  Passelewes)  in  Dagen- 
ham  and  Barking,  co.  Essex,  to  which  your 
correspondent  evidently  refers,  although  I  do 
not  remember  to  have  previously  heard  of 
Parsloe's  Hall.  The  history  of  the  family  of 
Fanshawe  (many  of  whose  original  MSS., 
documents,  papers,  paintings,  prints,  <fec., 
are  in  my  possession)  is  also  well  known  to 
me,  and  both  are  fully  dealt  with  in  my  ex- 
tensive collections  for  a  history  of  the  Hun- 
dred of  Becontree  and  Havering  Liberty— 
comprising  Dagenham,  Barking,  and  many 
neighbouring  parishes— made  from  original 
sources,  chiefly  in  1877-83,  and  intended  for 
publication.  Extracts  from  those  collections, 
so  far  as  Parsloes  and  Fanshawe  are  con- 
cerned, would,  however,  be  far  too  elaborate 
for  the  pages  of  'N.  &  Q.'  Such  little  in- 
formation as  G.  C.  W.  appears  to  require  will 
be  found  in  the  Rev.  J.  P.  Shawcross's  'His- 
tory of  Dagenham,'  1904,  chap,  xvi.,  which 
work  is  a  popular  account  of  the  parish,  with 
illustrations.  The  author  states  :— 

"  The  manor  house  [of  Parsloes]  has  been  without 
a  tenant  for  some  years  [since  1855],  and  is  fast 
falling  into  decay.  The  oak  wainscoting  has  been 
torn  from  the  walls,  the  ceilings  are  disfigured  with 
unsightly  holes,  and  the  walls  and  floors  are  bedewed 
with  damp  and  moisture  most  visibly.  The  fine 


spacious  library  is,  however,  tolerably  well  pre- 
served. The  old  bell  still  hangs  in  its  turret.  A 
ghost  is  said  to  wander  around  this  gloomy,  massive 
pile  of  brickwork,  having  been  driven  from  the 
room  lie  was  supposed  to  haunt  by  the  irrepressible, 
though  pardonable,  curiosity  of  visitors  to  Parsloes. 
And  the  once  noble  park  has  been  of  recent  years 
converted  into  a  racecourse,  and  is  now  the  head- 
quarters of  the  Essex  Amateur  Trotting  Club." 

And  he  adds  : — 

"  We  are  glad  to  hear  that  there  is  a  happy 
prospect  of  this  ancient  mansion  being  put  in  repair 
by  a  member  of  the  family  [i.e.,  of  Fanshawe]  with 
which  it  has  been  for  nearly  four  [sic,  but  should 
read  "  three"]  centuries  associated." 

It  is  a  remarkable  fact  that  ghosts  are  (for 
obvious  reasons)  said  to  haunt  tenantless 
houses— whether  in  town  or  country — having 
"caretakers"  in  possession,  as  I  presume  that 
in  question  has. 

I  may  add  that  I  am  a  descendant  (and  the 
present  representative)  of  the  family  which 
for  nearly  a  century,  from  about  the  year 
1570,  held  a  leading  position  as  residents,  &c., 
in  the  neighbourhood,  and  gave  to  the  City 
of  London  two  Lord  Mayors,  Sir  James  and 
his  son  Sir  Sebastian  Harvey. 

W.  I.  11.  V. 

I  can  give  G.  C.  W.  all  particulars  about 
Parsloes.  It  has  descended  in  unbroken 
succession  in  the  Fanshawe  family  since 
1615  to  me,  the  present  owner. 

EVELYN  JOHN  FANSHAWE. 

132,  Ebury  Street,  S.W. 

The  mansion  of  Parselowes  is  a  mile  and  a 
half  north-west  from  the  church.  The  name 
does  not  occur  in  the  records  till  1568,  when 
it  was  conveyed  by  Martin  Bowes  to  Rowland 
Hayward,  Alderman  of  London,  and  Thomas 
Wilbraham  ;  and  it  afterwards  belonged  to 
William  Fanshawe,  Esq.,  who  died  in  1635, 
and  from  whom  this  estate  passed  to  his 
descendants  (T.  Wright's  'Hist,  of  Essex,' 
vol.  ii.  p.  487).  In  1634  William  Fanshawe, 
Esq.,  held  the  manor  of  Sir  Christopher 
Hatton  and  Sir  Thomas  Fanshawe,  Knights 
of  the  Bath,  &c.,  as  of  their  manor  of  Barking, 
in  free  socage,  by  the  service  of  9s.  l5. 
(Morant).  It  continued  in  the  same  family, 
and  when  Ogbourne  wrote  his  '  History  of 
Essex,'  in  1814,  it  was  possessed  by  the  Rev. 
John  Gascpigne  Fanshawe,  M.A.  It  is  an 
ancient  brick  mansion,  approached  to  the 
west'  entrance  through  an  avenue  of  trees. 
Mr.  C.  R.  B.  Barrett  does  not  mention  this 
avenue ;  but  it  existed  in  Ogbourne's  time, 
and  possibly  does  still.  The  curious  oak 
drawing-room  was  ornamented  with  many 
valuable  portraits  by  the  best  masters,  par- 
ticularly a  very  fine  picture  by  Van  Dyck  of 


io*s.  m.  JUNE  24, 1905.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


491 


Sir  Richard  Fanshawe,  a  confidential  servant 
of  Charles  I ,  and  ambassador  from  Charles  II. 
to  the  Court  of  Spain  (Ogbourne's  '  Hist,  of 
Essex,'  1814,  p.  62).  A  description  of  Parsloes 
is  given  by  Mr.  Barrett  in  his  beautifully 
self-illustrated  work  'Essex:  Highways,  By- 
ways, and  Waterways,'  1892,  vol.  i.  p.  54. 

J.   HOLDEN   MAC'MlCHAEL. 

It  is  indeed  a  pity  to  see  the  interesting 
old  seat  Parsloes  lying  desolate,  or  nearly  so, 
year  after  year.  The  house  itself  is  probably 
doomed  at  an  early  date,  now  that  a  monster 
East-End  colony  is  within  hail.  G.  C.  W. 
will  find  some  mention  of  Parsloes  in  the 
county  histories.  A  monograph  was  prepared 
some  years  ago  by  Mr.  E.  J.  Sage  for  the  use 
of  the  Fanshawe  family.  I  believe  it  was 
printed  for  private  circulation  only. 

EDWARD  SMITH. 


"Pop  GOES  THE  WEASEL"  (10th  S.  iii.  430).— 
This  phrase  certainly  refers  to  a  purse  made 
of  weasel-skin,  which  opened  and  closed  with 
a  snap.  The  "  popping  of  the  weasel "  in  the 
song  (I  believe  a  sort  of  music-hall  ditty  of 
the  fifties)  is  the  opening  of  the  purse,  and 
consequent  spending  of  money,  as  the  con- 
text shows.  "Bang  went  saxpence"  is  a 
verbal,  not  a  real,  parallel. 

The  following  is  all  I  can  contribute.  About 
1857-8  I  often  heard  scraps  of  the  song  sung, 
and  the  purse  explanation  was  current  and 
accepted  naturally  enough  in  our  family, 
which  possessed  a  weasel-skin  purse.  The 
head  and  two  fore-paws  came  together,  and 
were  fastened  with  a  small  gold  clasp.  I 
remember  two  stanzas  : — 

Up  and  down  the  City  Road, 

In  and  out  the  Eagle, 
That's  the  way  the  money  goes — 
Pop  goes  the  weasel. 

Every  night  when  I  come  home 

Supper 's  on  the  table ; 
That 's  the  way,  &c. 

In  1896-7  I  found  that  my  children  had 
been  taught  by  a  nursemaid  other  stanzas, 
as  follows : — 

Half  a  pound  of  tuppenny  rice, 

Half  a  pound  of  treacle, 
Mix  it  up  and  make  it  nice — 
Pop  goes  the  weasel. 

Every  night  when  I  come  home 

The  monkey 's  on  the  table  ; 
Take  a  broom  and  knock  him  off,  &c. 

This  was  crooned  to  a  tune  which  may  have 
been  like  the  original  tune  or  not,  but,  as 
neither  nurse  nor  children  had  any  "ear," 
was  not  reducible,  when  challenged,  to  any 
definite  notation.  H.  K.  ST.  J.  S. 


My  view  of  the  reference  in  the  above  is 
as  follows.  I  am  afraid  I  cannot  gi\'e  my 
authority,  it  is  so  long  since  I  read  or  heard 
it ;  but  I  supposed  it  was  generally  known 
and  agreed  upon.  "Weasel,"  I  believe,  is  (or 
|  was)  the  technical  or  slang  name  for  a  narrow 
iron  implement  which  is  used  by  tailors  in 
cutting  out  their  cloth,  and  without  which 
it  is  impossible  to  carry  on  their  trade.  A 
certain  tailor,  residing,  presumably,  in  the 
vicinity  of  Islington,  was  in  the  habit  of 
travelling  with  too  great  frequency  "  up  and 
|  down  the  City  Road "  for  the  purpose  of 
|  going  "  in  and  out "  a  certain  public-house 
entitled  the  "Eagle."  His  object  in  doing 
so  is  implied,  but  not  expressly  stated.  In 
any  case,  "that's  the  way  the  money  goes," 
and  to  such  an  extent  does  the  said  "  money 
go  "  that  he  is  ultimately  reduced  to  the  dire 
necessity  of  "popping"  (i.e.,  pawning)  his 
"  weasel."  This  is  clearly  his  last  resource, 
as  without  his  "  weasel "  he  is  unable  to  earn 
his  living,  so  that  the  poem  evidently  repre- 
sents a  man  reduced  to  the  last  extremity, 
and  comprises  a  somewhat  laconic,  but  im- 
pressive sermon  on  the  evils  of  drink. 

I  must  have  overlooked  the  former  question 
on  the  subject,  or  I  might  have  answered  it 
then.    I  was  not  aware  that  there  was  any 
doubt  on  the  subject.     J.  FOSTER  PALMER. 
8,  Royal  Avenue,  S.  \V. 

From  a  correspondence  which  appeared  in 

the  Daily  Mail  of  6,  7,  and  8  November,  1902, 

I  gather  that  Lord  llosebery  had  recently 

quoted  in  a  speech  at  Edinburgh  the  words : — 

Up  and  down  the  City  Road, 

In  and  out  the  Eagle, 
That 's  the  way  the  money  goes — 
Pop  goes  the  weasel. 

The  first  correspondent  ("Puzzled")  sug- 
gested that  "weasel"  in  the  slang  of  the 
day  was  equivalent  to  a  flat-iron,  the  song 
being  *'a  poetic  hint  that  those  who  too  fre- 
quently visited  the  Eagle  (a  City  Road 
tavern)  would  eventually  be  compelled  to 
'  pop '  (that  is  to  say,  pawn)  that  valuable 
but  prosaic  household  article." 

The  second  correspondent  ("Philologist") 
opined  that  "  Pop  goes  the  weasel"  was  simply 
"  one  of  those  rococo  and  high-spirited  expres- 
sions with  which  the  poet  of  the  music-hall 
loves  to  round  off  his  lyrics,  and  has  exactly 
the  same  meaning  as  '  What  ho,  she  bumps  ! ' 
'Hi-tiddly-hi-ti,'  and  ' Ta-ra-ra-boom-de-ay.'" 

The  third  letter,  signed  E.  J.  C.,  contained 
the  following  sentences  : — 

"  '  Pop  goes  the  Weasel '  was  an  American  rustic 
dance,  introduced  into  this  country  in  the  late 
forties  or  early  fifties  of  the  last  century.  A  very 
pretty  dance  it  was,  the  performers  bearing  chains 


492 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [io*  s.  m.  JUNE  24, 1005. 


of  flowers,  which  they  gracefully  entwined  around 
the  waiats  of  the  lassies.  At  the  last  bar  of  the 
music  all  sang  '  Pop  goes  the  weasel,'  stamping 
their  right  feet  in  unison  at  the  word  '  pop.'  I  saw 
it  danced  as  an  interlude  at  the  Olympic  Theatre 
during  Mr.  Farren's  management.  The  words 
quoted  (above)  were  associated  with  the  tune  some 
time  after  the  production  of  the  dance,  and  the 
music  soon  became  vulgarized." 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

The  weasel  is  doubtless  the  dancer,  as  he 
or  she  "  pops  "  through  or  under  the  arms  of 
the  others  in  the  same  sinuous  manner  as  a 
weasel  enters  a  hole,  for  it  was  at  this  part 
of  the  dance  that  all  present  used  to  sing 
"  Pop  goes  the  weasel."  This  is  said  to  have 
been  an  old  and  very  animated  English  dance, 
revived  in  the  late  fifties  "  among  the  higher 
classes  of  society,"  and  taught  by  "  that  able 
professor  of  dancing,  Monsieur  Coulon,  of 
Great  Marlborough  Street,  London."  It  was 
performed  in  the  same  manner  as  the  country 
dance,  the  ladies  and  gentlemen  being  placed 
in  lines  opposite  each  other.  The  couple  at 
the  top  began  the  figure.  They  ran  forward 
within  the  line  and  back  again,  each  occu- 
pying four  bars  of  the  music,  and  then  with- 
out the  line  and  back  again  during  the  same 
interval.  After  this  they  formed  a  round  of 
three  with  one  of  the  couple  next  to  them  on 
the  line,  and  turned  once  round  to  the  right 
and  once  to  the  left,  at  the  end  making  the 
one  they  had  chosen  pass  quickly  under 
their  arms  to  his  place,  all  singing  "  Pop 
goes  the  weasel."  They  then  turned  quickly 
to  the  other  line  and  repeated  the  same 
figure  with  the  partner  of  the  last  selected. 
After  this  they  had  to  run  backward  and 
forward  inside  and  outside  the  line,  and 
repeat  the  figure  with  the  next  couple  on  the 
right  and  left.  When  they  had  passed  three 
or  four  couples,  the  lady  and  gentleman  at 
the  top  began,  and  repeated  the  same  figure, 
and  so  on  in  return  for  all  those  who  re- 
mained. It  was  understood  that  after  having 
passed  the  third  or  fourth  couple,  it  was  not 
necessary  to  go  to  the  top  in  order  to  pass  to 
the  outside  of  the  line.  This  was  done  by 
breaking  through  at  that  part  where  they 
happened  to  be.  This  description  is  from 
The  Home  Circle,  vol.  viii.  No.  193,  p.  183. 

J.   HOLDEN  MAcMlCHAEL. 

I  was  under  the  impression  that  I  answered 
my  own  query  two  or  three  years  ago. 
"  Weasel"  is  slang  for  silver  plate,  prize  cups, 
and  so  on ;  and  when  the  gentry  who 
patronized  the  Grecian  Theatre  in  the  sixties 
found  their  financial  resources  had  come  to 
an  end,  they  used  to  "  pop  "  the  "  weasel " — 
in  other  words,  pawn  what  silver  they  pos- 


sessed. It  was  not  originally  a  nursery  rime, 
but  a  song  sung  at  the  Grecian  Theatre  by  a 
popular  vocalist  of  the  day — I  believe  "  the 
Great  Little"  Eobson.  I  wrote  the  history 
of  the  song  for  The  Era  some  time  in  the 
summer  of  1899,  but  cannot  place  my  hand 
upon  the  article.  The  song  is  published  by 
Hopwood  &  Crew.  S.  J.  A.  F. 

[H.  P.  L.  and  MR.  E.  LATHAM  thanked  for  replies.] 

"ENGLAND,"  "ENGLISH":  THEIR  PRONUNCIA- 
TION  (10th  S.  iii.  322,  393,  453).— I  ana  afraid 
your  correspondent  is  making  a  singular 
mistake.  We  can  only  compare  Anglo-Saxon 
with  Anglo-Saxon,  and  not  with  modern 
English.  When  he  speaks  of  ban  as  being 
another  form  of  Mn,  and  so  forth,  he  is  pro- 
ducing a  bogus  form.  Bon  is  mere  Middle 
and  Modern  English,  but  never  was  seen  or 
heard  of  till  about  A.D.  1300,  as  he  can  see  for 
himself  by  looking  out  the  word  bone  in  the 
'  New  English  Dictionary.'  The  same  state- 
ment applies  to  the  bogus  forms  holic,  gost, 
and  the  rest;  any  A.-S.  manuscript  that 
contained  such  spellings  would  be  a  forgery. 
It  is  one  of  the  methods  by  which  late  copies 
of  early  charters  can  sometimes  be  detected. 
The  form  holic  is  especially  absurd,  because, 
by  the  time  that  the  hd-  in  hdlic  (as  it  is 
spelt)  had  become  ho-,  the  -lie  (really  -li<j)  had 
become  li  or  ly.  Hence  it  is  that  out  of  the 
twenty-four  forms  given  in  the  '  New  Eng. 
Diet.'  under  holy,  no  such  form  as  holic 
appears.  Your  correspondent  gives  himself 
away  altogether  when  he  cites  hdlic  as  an 
A.-S.  form,  as  no  such  form  is  possible. 
I  think  it  is  rather  presumptuous  in  one  who 
does  not  know  how  to  spell  one  of  the  com- 
monest of  A.-S.  words  to  set  up  to  correct  one 
who  has  learnt  Anglo-Saxon  by  reading  and 
editing  manuscripts.  Any  one  who  wishes  to 
learn  the  difference  between  A.-S.  and  modern 
Englishsoundsandspellings  can  getmy 'Primer 
of  English  Etymology'  at  a  small  cost. 
I  show,  at  p.  48,  that  the  A.-S.  a  has  usually 
become  long  o  in  modern  English  ;  and  at  the 
same  page  that  the  A.-S.  o  has  usually  become 
the  oo  in  goose.  The  A.-S.  a  and  o  were  per- 
fectly distinct,  were  never  interchanged,  and 
were  never  confused  at  any  early  time. 
Modern  English,  however,  confuses  the  sound 
in  boar  (from  bar)  with  swore  (from  sivor), 
because  of  the  following  r. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

WILLIAM  SHELLEY  (10th  S.  iii.  441).— The 
question  whether  Richard  Lyster  or  William 
Shelley  was  the  first  husband  of  Mary, 
daughter  of  Thomas  Wriothesley,  first  Earl 
of  Southampton,  is  the  subject  of  a  brief 
note  in  Vincent's  '  Errors  in  Brooke  '  (1623), 


io*s.  ni.  JCSE  3*.  was.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


493 


p.  486.  Brooke  had  stated  that  Shelley  was 
the  first  husband  and  Lyster  the  second. 
Vincent's  note  is  that  "  Shelley  was  second 
husband."  In  the  light  of  the  facts  as 
marshalled  by  MR.  WAINE  WRIGHT,  there  can 
be  little  doubt  that  Brooke  was  wrong  and 
Vincent  right.  I  suppose  that  Lyster,  the 
first  husband,  was  the  Richard  Lyster,  Esq., 
who,  according  to  an  inquest  taken  at  Here- 
ford on  14  October,  1559,  died  on  22  Novem- 
ber, 1558,  leaving  a  son  and  heir,  Michael, 
who  was  aged  two  years  on  7  November,  1558 
('Inq.  Post  Mort,,'  C.  vol.  123,  No.  83,  Record 
Office).  Cf.  the  late  Sir  Frederick  Maddan's 
pedigree  of  Lyster  in  Proceedings  of  the 
Archaeological  Institute,  at  Winchester  in 
1845,  p.  120.  H.  C. 

In  the  Shelley  pedigree  article  at  this 
reference  mention  is  made  of  William 
Shelley's  sisters  Bridget  and  Elizabeth. 
Was  Mary  Shelley,  who  married  George 
Cotton,  of  Warblington,  Esq.  (born  1539), 
another  sister  of  the  said  William  Shelley, 
of  Michelgrove  (born  1538,  died  1597)  1  and  is 
the  date  of  her  birth,  or  marriage,  or  death 
known  ?  JAMES  HALL. 

Lindum  House,  Nantwich. 

AUDIENCE  MEADOW  (10th  S.  ii.  208).— 
W.  H.  J.  asked  where  he  could  find  an  account 
of  Audience  Meadow,  the  name  given  to  a 
field  in  front  of  Tickwood  Hall,  near  Broseley, 
Shropshire,  where  Charles  I.  is  said  to  have 
held  a  conference  in  1642.  To  this  inquiry 
no  reply  was  given.  I  have  recently  com- 
municated with  a  friend  who  has  lived  in  the 
neighbourhood  all  his  life,  and  is  intimately 
acquainted  with  Tickwood  and  its  history, 
and  he  informs  me  that  Audience  Meadow 
is  a  fancy  name  given  to  the  place  by  the 
builder  of  the  Hall,  Townsend  Forester, 
Esq.,  and,  though  Charles  I.  according 
to  legend  was  ubiquitous,  he  does  not 
think  he  could  have  ever  ventured  into  the 
wilds  of  Tickwood.  With  this  view  I  fully 
concur,  for  there  is  no  record  in  our  local 
histories  of  Charles  having  been  there. 

WILLIAM  PHILLIPS. 
Shrewsbury. 

FLEET  STREET,  No.  53  (10th  S.  iii.  427).— 
MR.  ALECK  ABRAHAMS  has  done  good  service 
in  drawing  attention  to  this  interesting  site, 
on  which  "  The  Golden  Buck  "  flourished  for 
so  many  years.  Mr.  F.  G.  Hilton  Price, 
Dir.S.A.,  in  his  valuable  paper  on  'The 
Signs  of  Old  Fleet  Street'  (The  Archaeological 
Journal,  December,  1895),  says  : — 

"In  1686  a  goldsmith  called  Sommers  was  here, 
and  Parker  and  Cradock,  also  goldsmiths,  were  at 


this  sign  in  1712.  From  1709  Philip  Overton,  pic- 
ture-seller, and  John  Pemberton,  bookseller,  were 
here  for  many  years.  It  was  sometimes  called  the- 
'  Golden  Buck  and  Sun,'  and  once  I  have  seen  ib 
called  the 'Roebuck.'  In  1711[wasissued]  'The Cries 
of  London,'  consisting  of  74  copper  plates,  each 
figure  drawn  from  the  life  by  the  famous  M.  Laron, 
etched  and  engraved  by  the  best  workmen.  Each* 
plate  is  printed  on  a  half-sheet  of  demy  paper  for 
10*.  a  set.  In  1762  Robert  Sayer  continued  the 
business,  then  Robert  Laurie  and  James  Whittle. 
A  large  quantity  of  interesting  and  valuable  en- 
gravings and  prints  were  published  here  during  the- 
last  and  present  century"  (i.e.,  the  eighteenth  and 
nineteenth). 

I  have  in  my  possession  the  late  T.  C» 
Noble's  manuscript  Fleet  Street  collections^ 
as  well  as  his  own  annotated  copy  of  '  Memo- 
rials of  Temple  Bar.'  Overton  not  only  sold 
prints,  but  also  patent  medicines— a  practice 
common  amongst  stationers  and  picture- 
sellers,  which  continued  till  the  beginning  of 
the  last  century.  The  house  of  Newbery  in 
St.  Paul's  Churchyard  was,  it  will  be  remem- 
bered, almost  as  famous  for  Dr.  James's 
Fever  Powders  as  for  its  wonderful  assortment 
of  children's  books.  One  old  advertisement 
in  Mr.  Noble's  collection,  which  is  cut  frono 
The  Tatler  of  1710  (exact  date  not  specified), 
invites  the  attention  of  the  public  to 

"  The  Most  Noble  Volatile  Smelling- Bottle  in 
the  World  ;  which  smell'd  to,  Momentarily  fetches- 
the  most  dismal  Fainting  or  Swooning  Fits,  and  i» 
a  Minute  removes  Flushings,  Vapours,  Dulness,. 
Head-Ach,  Megrims,  &c.," 

and  so  on  through  thirteen  or  fourteen  more 
lines.  This  valuable  preparation  was 
"only  sold  at  Mr.  King's,  Picture-shop,  Poultry, 
and  at  Mr.  Overton's,  at  the  Golden  Buck,  Picture- 
shop,  against  St.  Dunstan's  Church  in  Fleet-street) 
at  2y.  and  Qd.  each,  with  printed  Directions." 

The  first  of  Hogarth's  prints  issued  by  Philip 
Overton  at  "The  Golden  Buck  "  seem  to  have 
been  the  twelve  large  plates  to  illustrate- 
'  Hudibras,'  that  were  published  in  1726.  By 
1735  R.  Sayer  and  S.  Bennett  were  occupying 
53,  Fleet  Street,  as  in  that  year  they  issued 
copies  of  'The  Rake's  Progress'  from  thai 
address,  and  a  few  years  afterwards  Roberfc 
Sayer  was  publishing  prints  there  on  his  own 
account.  I  do  not  know  the  exact  date  when 
Laurie  &  Whittle  took  over  the  business, 
but  it  must  have  been  several  years  prior  to 
1800,  as  they  published  an  engraving  of 
Hogarth's  portrait  of  Capt.  Coram  (third 
state)  in  1794,  and  I  have  just  come  across  a 
caricature  in  my  own  possession  which  was. 
published  by  them  in  1796. 

W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

I  have  mislaid  my  notes  on  the  subject  men- 
tioned below,  but  I  fancy  I  remember  that 
Samuel  &  Nathaniel  Buck  published  theLe 


494 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,    no*  s.  m.  JUNE  2*.  MKB. 


'beautiful  prints  at  the  sign  of  "  The  Golden 
Buck  ";  but  I  am  open  to  correction  on  that 
•matter.  One  of  the  brothers  was  buried  in 
the  churchyard  of  St.  Clement  Danes,  and 
probably  his  remains  were  among  those 
removed  elsewhere  when  the  Strand  widening 
(necessitated  the  step  recently. 

JOHN  A.  RANDOLPH. 

ENGLISH  CROWN  JEWEL  (10th  S.  iii.  429).— 
'This  jewel  may  be  the  "  hat  band  "  referred 
to  by  Madame  (Princess  Henrietta,  daughter 
•of  Charles  I.,  and  Duchess  of  Orleans)  in 
her  letter  to  Charles  II.,  dated  Versailles, 
:24  October,  1664  ;  also  in  her  letter  to  Lord 
Hollis,  as  having  been  stolen  from  her  father 
Charles  I.  with  other  jewels,  including  a 
Barter,  a  great  many  rings,  a  portrait  of 
Prince  Henry  set  in  very  large  diamonds,  a 
very  fine  sapphire,  a  wonderful  crystal  ship 
•enriched  with  pearls  and  rubies,  besides 
various  curious  tapestries.  Cardinal  Mazarin 
had  purchased  some,  others  had  been  hidden 
-away  in  thieves' quarters,  and  had  been  either 
sold  or  stolen  during  the  Commonwealth. 
(See  '  Madame,'  by  Julia  Cartwright,  London, 
1894,  pp.  169,  170.)  C.  MASON. 

29,  Emperor's  Gate,  S.W. 

'CORYATE'S  CRUDITIES'  (10th  S.  iii.  426).— 
Besides  those  mentioned  by  LORD  ALDENHAM, 
there  are  three  copies  of  the  1611  edition  in 
the  British  Museum  ;  Mr.  G.  F.  Barwick,  of 
-the  Reading-Room,  also  tells  me  he  knows 
of  one  or  two  others. 

The  three  in  the  B.M.  Library  are  in  excel- 
lent condition,  particularly  the  one  in  the 
'Grenville  Collection,  which  is  unusually  in- 
teresting. An  inscription  on  the  inside,  un- 
doubtedly written  by  Mr.  Grenville,  says  : — 

"  This  book  is  the  Dedication  Copy  presented  by 
the  Author  to  Prince  Henry,  by  the  Prince  it  was 
.given  to  his  Chaplain  Mr.  Pomfret,  from  whom  il 
descended  to  Mr.  Pomfret  Williamse,  who  in  1796 
;gave  it  to  the  Rev.  Hugh  Cholmondeley;  and  at  his 
death  it  was  given  in  1816  by  his  brother  Thos 
Cholmondeley,  Esq.,  of  Vale  Royal,  to  Thomas 
•Grenville." 

Surely  this  is  a  very  good  pedigree.  The 
foook  is  handsomely  bound  in  crimson  velvet, 
with  the  initials  E.P.  impressed  on  the 
covers;  the  plates  are  coloured  (but  certainly 
not  improved) ;  and  at  the  end  is  an  auto 
,graph  letter  signed  "Thos.  Coryate." 

CHAS.  G.  SMITHERS. 

47,  Darnley  Road,  N.E. 

CHESTER  PLEA  ROLLS  (10th  S.  iii.  388).— MR 
ESAN  KENNY  should  consult  the  Thirty 
•Sixth  Annual  Report  of  the  Deputy-Keepei 
•of  the  Public  Records  (1875),  Appendix  II. 
No.  1, '  Welsh  Records  :  Calendar  of  Recogni 


zance  Rolls  of    the  Palatinate  of    Chester, 
rom  the  Earliest  Period  to  the  End  of  the 
ieign  of  Henry  IV.,'  pp.  1-548.  This  calendar 
s  continued  in  the  Thirty-Seventh   Report 
1876),  Appendix  II.,  No.  1,  from  1  Hen.  V. 
,o  24  Hen.   VII.,  pp.    1-819;    and    in    the 
Thirtv-Ninth  Report  (1878),  Appendix,  No.  1, 
from  1  Hen.  VIII.  to  11  Geo.  IV.,  pp.  1-306. 
W.  McB.  MARCH  AM. 
69,  Beechwood  Road,  Hornsey,  N. 

PARLIAMENTARY  QUOTATION  (10th  S.  iii.  206, 
294).— In  the  review  of  Lady  Dilke's  'Book 
of  the  Spiritual  Life'  one  of  her  felicitous 
sentences  quoted  ante,  p.  438,  ran  :  "  To  seek 
is  nearly  as  good  as  to  find,  for  in  seeking 
one  finds  also  things  one  did  not  seek."  A 
happy  illustration  of  the  truth  of  this  saying 
enables  me  to  answer  MR.  GRIGOR'S  question 
as  to  the  authorship  and  correct  reading  of 
the  lines  quoted  by  John  Bright  and  Sir 
Henry  Campbell-Bannerman.  While  search- 
ing in  'N.  &  Q.'  for  a  quotation  I  did  not 
find,  I  came  across  the  following  lines  cited 
at  5th  S.  vii.  219  by  the  late  MR.  VINCENT  S. 
LEAN  from  Wither's  'Vox  Pacifica,'  1645, 
p.  119  :— 

Let  not  your  King  and  Parliament  in  one, 

Much  less  apart,  mistake  themselves  for  that 
Which  is  most  worthy  to  be  thought  upon  : 

Nor  think  they  are,  essentially,  the  State. 
Let  them  not  fancy  that  th'  authority 

And  privileges  upon  them  bestown, 
Conferr'd,  are  to  set  up  a  majesty, 

A  power,  or  a  glory  of  their  own  ! 
But  let  them  know,  twas  for  a  deeper  life 
Which  they  but  represent — 
That  there's  on  earth  a  yet  auguster  thing, 
Veil'd  though  it  be,  than  Parliament  or  King. 

J.  R. 

WILLIAM  TYNDALE'S  ORDINATION  (10th  S. 
iii.  428).— George  Offor,  in  his  '  Life  of  Wil- 
liam Tyndale,'  stated  that  the  ordination  of 
William  Tyndale  took  place  at  St.  Bartholo- 
mew's Priory,  Smithfield,  on  11  March,  1502. 
This  was  found  not  to  apply  to  William 
Tyndale  the  martyr,  but  to  one  bearing  his 
name.  For  further  particulars  see  3rd  S.  iii. 

133,  160,  418.          EVERARD   HOME   COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

FANSHAWE  FAMILY  (10th  S.  iii.  327).— The 
MS.  mentioned  by  MR.  FANSHAWE  is  that 
which  was  formerly  in  the  possession  of  his 
father,  the  late  Mr.  J.  G.  Fanshawe,  and  of 
which  several  modern  transcripts  exist,  one 
being,  I  believe,  in  the  collection  of  Mr.  E.  J. 
Sage,  of  Stoke  Newington.  The  former  was 
inspected  by  me  in  1880  with  a  view  to  pub- 
lication, with  copious  annotations  from  my 
own  extensive  collections,  made  from  original 


10*  s.  in.  JO-E  24,  loos.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


495 


sources  between  1877  and  1883,  for  a  history 
of  the  Hundred  of  Becontree  and  Havering 
Liberty,  co.  Essex.  MR.  FANSII AWE'S  MS.  is 
an  "original"  merely  in  a  certain  limited 
sense,  being  defective  at  the  end,  as  it  ceases 
at  1672.  The  original  and  only  full  and  com- 
plete MS.  known  of  Lady  Fanshawe's  memoirs, 
of  about  the  year  1676,  together  with  the 
splendid  transcript  of  the  same  in  the  highest 
style  of  contemporary  calligraphy,  prepared 
for  presentation  to  the  king  (Charles  II.), 
is  in  my  possession,  and  intended  for  pub- 
lication by  me,  with  notes  and  illustrations, 
in  an  'edition  de  luxe,  for  the  printing  of 
which  arrangements  have  already  been 
made.  These  two  MSS.  I  have  recently 
acquired,  together  with  numerous  original 
deeds,  documents,  papers,  paintings,  prints, 
Ac.,  of  or  relating  to  the  Fanshawes,  and 
I  shall  incorporate  all  the  new  informa- 
tion in  my  work,  as  well  as  that  from  my 
•other  Fanshawe  acquisitions  of  many  years 
ago.  I  think  that  these  facts  should  be 
known  as  MR.  FANSHAWE  has  announced 
the  publication  of  a  new  edition  of  the 
•memoirs.  Moreover,  I  venture  to  state  that, 
considering  the  well  -  known  incorrectness 
of  the  former  editions  of  1829  and  1830, 
none  (even  from  the  complete  original  MS., 
not  accessible  to  MR.  FANSHAWE)  would 
be  acceptable  to  the  British  public  unless 
•edited  by  a  competent  antiquary. 

W.  I.  K.  V. 

SHAKESPEARE'S  GRAVE  (10th  S.  i.  288,  331, 
352,  416,  478;  ii.  195,  292).  —  Would  Mr. 
Brassington,  the  librarian  of  the  Shake- 
speare Memorial,  be  kind  enough  to  tell  us, 
who  are  not  so  fortunate  as  he  to  live  at  the 
source,  in  what  the  discrepancies  between 
Dugdale's  drawings  of  the  Clopton  monu- 
ments in  Stratford  Church  and  the  originals 
•consist]  Dugdale  is  regarded  as  a  very 
•reliable  author  ;  but  if  it  can  be  shown  that 
in  his  illustrations,  at  any  rate,  there  are 
aarista/kes,  we  need  not  accept  his  Shakespeare 
•bust  -ae  genuine.  Otherwise,  the  case  against 
the  present  one  is  very  serious. 

G.  KRUEGER. 
Berlin. 

CHILDREN  AT  EXECUTIONS  (10th  S.  ii.  346, 
454,  516;  iii.  33,  93).  —  As  an  instance  of 
children  being  taken  to  view  ghastly  spec- 
tacles, for  a  lesson  and  a  warning,  may  I  give 
;an  episode  in  my  own  experience  1 

On  the  afternoon  of  Monday,  15  August, 
1892, 1  was  walking  through  the  Morgue  with 
a,  Frenchman.  There  were  displayed  to  view 
on  that  day  eight  corpses,  two  of  them  those 
of  women.  From  their  appearance,  I  believe 


that  the  majority  of  these  bodies  had  been 
taken  from  the  Seine.  Some  of  them  were 
dreadfully  bruised  and  disfigured  about  the 
face,  and  were  horrible  to  look  on.  Passing 
on  with  us,  in  front  of  the  glass  which 
separates  the  bodies  from  the  public,  was  a 
poor  woman  witli  her  child,  a  little  girl,  from 
four  to  five  years  of  age.  The  mother  was 
holding  the  little  one  up  in  her  arms,  so  that 
she  might  have  a  better  view  of  the  grim 
figures  reposing  beyond  the  glass.  1  ex- 
pressed astonishment  to  my  friend  that  so 
young  a  child  should  have  been  brought  to 
see  such  a  gruesome  sight.  He  assured  me 
that  such  instances  were  not  at  all  uncommon, 
and  that  parents  often  brought  their  chil- 
dren, refractory  or  otherwise,  to  point  a 
moral  lesson  for  their  benefit,  and  to  warn 
them  of  the  consequences  of  disobedience 
and  wickedness,  accentuating  their  homily 
by  showing  them  these  silent  witnesses. 

CHR.  WATSON. 

In  1865  there  appeared  anonymously 
'  Robert  Dalby  and  his  World  of  Troubles, 
being  the  Early  Days  of  a  Connoisseur,'  now 
known  to  be  mainly  the  autobiography  of 
Henry  Merritt  (1822-77,  'D.N.B.').  The  fol- 
lowing passage  from  it  refers  to  Oxford  in 
the  early  thirties  : — 

"In  those  days  boys  were  not  squeamish On 

my  way  from  the  jail  that  morning,  I  came  upon  a 
large  number  of  charity  schoolboys  who  had  been 
dismissed  by  their  master  for  the  day  in  order  that 
they  might  be  present  to  witness  the  execution 
with  a  view  to  their  moral  improvement,  a  favour 
which  they  one  and  all  seemed  to  appreciate 
vastly,  most  of  them  being  in  high  spirits  and 
playing  at  leap-frog  to  keep  themselves  warm." 

W.  B.  H. 

"JOCKTELEG"  (10th  S.  iii.  65).— The  com- 
munications under  this  heading  fairly  agree 
that  the  origin  of  the  name  of  this  descrip- 
tion of  knife  was  the  maker's  surname,  be 
that  John  de  Liege  or  Jacques  de  Liege ; 
while  the  legend  connecting  this  knife  with 
an  attempt  on  the  part  of  James  VI.  of 
Scotland  to  be  facetious  at  the  expense  of 
nis  courtiers  is  thrice  told.  It  is  not  so  clear 
ihat  the  maker's  name  waa  given  to  the 
cnife,  as  the  quotation  from  ISomerville 
mplies,  while  he  was  in  Liege,  nor  is  it  any 
clearer  that  a  "  Jockteleg  "  was  the  ordinary 
one  carried  for  the  purposes  indicated  in  the 
ixtract  mentioned.  A  common  pocket  or 
lasp  knife,  one  would  think,  hardly  required 
«  case.  Be  that  as  it  may,  in  Sir  John  Foulis's 
account- book  there  are  several  entries  ( for 
,hese  knives  :  under  date  21  June,  1672,  "for 
i  Jock  the  Leg  knife  00  :  08  :  0."  A  foot- 


496 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     LIO*  s.  m.  JUNE  2*.  1905. 


note  informs  readers  this  was  "a  common 
name  for  a  clasp-knife  made  originally  at 
Sheffield  by  Jaques  de  Liege,  a  Fleming  "  (the 
italics  are  my  own).  Again  in  1689  there 
is  a  charge  "  for  a  jock  ye  Leg  sueding  knife 
from  mr  Ha.  ferguson."  In  1695  we  have 
the  following  item,  "  For  a  new  blaid  to  my 
wifes  jock  ye  leg  "  ;  then  in  1696  "for  a  Jock 
the  leg  knyfe,"  and  in  1702  "for  a  jock  the 
leg  knyfe." 

With  regard  to  the  knives  and  forks  com- 
monly carried  for  the  purposes  indicated  in 
the  quotation  before  us,  I  very  recently 
quoted  elsewhere  from  the  "accounts"  as 
follows:  "May  12,  1697,  for  6  kilmares 
knyfes,  a  fork,  and  caise,  3:0:  0."  Needless 
to  say,  Kilmaurs  was  celebrated  for  its  manu- 
facture of  cutlery. 

ALFRED  CHAS.  JONAS. 

Thornton  Heath. 

COLISEUMS  OLD  AND  NEW  (10th  S.  ii.  485, 
529  ;  iii.  52,  116,  189,  255,  437).— If  the  Editor 
has  space  for  any  more  remarks  on  this 
subject,  I  should  like  to  add,  with  reference 
to  the  name,  that  in  The  Mirror,  No.  354, 
31  January,  1829,  it  was  observed  : — 

"  Its  original  name,  or,  we  should  say,  its  popular 
name,  was  the  Coliseum,  evidently  a  misnomer,  from 
its  distant  resemblance  to  that  gigantic  work  of 
antiquity.  The  present  and  more  appropriate  name 
is  the  COLOSSEUM,  in  allusion  to  its  colossal  dimen- 
sions ;  for  it  would  not  show  much  discernment  to 
erect  a  building  like  the  Pantheon,  and  call  it  the 
Coliseum.  The  term  Diorama  has  likewise  been 
strangely  corrupted  since  its  successful  adoption  in 
the  Regent's  Park— it  being  now  almost  indefinitely 
applied  to  any  number  or  description  of  paintings." 

This  paragraph  receives  confirmation  from 
the  fact  that  in  the  letterpress  description 
in  Elmes's  'Metropolitan  Improvements'  the 
building  is  called  the  Colosseum,  whereas 
in  the  plates,  which  were  evidently  preparec 
before  the  text,  it  is  called  the  Coliseum, 
It  may  be  noted  for  the  benefit  of  collectors 
of  London  topographical  prints  that  Thos 
H.  Shepherd's  view  of  '  The  Coliseum  '  occurs 
in  two  states.  In  the  earlier  one  the  en 
graver's  name,  "  H.  Wallis,"  is  given  at  the 
right-hand  corner,  and  the  date  of  publica 
tion  is  21  April,  1827.  In  the  later  impres 
sion  not  only  is  the  plate  considerably 
retouched,  but  the  engraver's  name  is  erased 
and  the  date  of  publication  is  21  April,  1828 

c    the    accompanying  view    by  Shepherd 
The  Coliseum  and  Part  of  Regent's  Park, 
which  is  engraved  by  W.  Tombleson,  I  hav< 
not  met  with  more  than  one  state. 

A  very  fine  set  of  aquatint  engravings  o 
folio  size  was  published  in  June,  1829,  fy 
R.  Ackermann  &  Co.,  96,  Strand.  Of  thesi 
I  have  the  following  four  :  Plate  I.  « Grano 


ntrance  to  the  Colosseum,  Regent's  Park'; 
3late  III.  'The  Fountains  surrounding  a 
marble  Statue  at  the  Colosseum,  Regent's 
3ark';  Plate  IV.  '  The  Geometrical  Ascent  to 
,he  Galleries,  &c.';  Plate  V.  '  Bird's-Eye  View 
rom  the  Staircase  and  the  upper  part  of  the 
^avilion,  &c.'  I  believe  these  prints  to  be 
scarce,  as  they  do  not  appear  to  form  a  part 
of  the  Crace  Collection,  and  I  should  be 
under  a  great  obligation  to  any  contributor 
to  'N.  &  Q.'  who  could  help  me  to  complete 
my  set. 

There  is  a  view  in  the  Crace  Collection, 
No.  120,  Portfolio  xxx.,  entitled  'The  Colos- 
seum, looking  towards  the  South,  Regent's 
Park,'  and  described  in  the  catalogue,  "T.  T. 
Paris  del.  T.  Higham  sculp.,  1846."  I  have 

copy  of  this  fine  steel  plate,  which  was 
issued  with  the  '  Stationer's  Almanac '  for 
1830.  It  was  probably  reissued  in  1846,  after 
the  building  had  been  remodelled.  The  name 
of  the  draughtsman  is  properly  given  in  my 
copy  as  E.  T.  Parris. 

In  1845  the  guide-book  of  which  a  descrip- 
tion was  supplied  by  MR.  W.  E.  HAELAND- 
OXLEY,  ante,  p.  52,  was  issued.  There  were 
also  very  interesting  papers  with  numerous 
illustrations  in  The  Illustrated  London  Neu>& 
for  26  April  and  3  May,  1845,  and  in  the  new 
series  of  The  Mirror,  No.  3,  19  July,  and 
No.  5,  2  Aug.,  1845.  To  the  same  date  I 
ascribe  a  handsome  lithograph  in  folio,  "  G- 
Hawkins  Jun1  Lith.  Day  &  Haghe,  Lith1'3  to 
the  Queen." 

In  1848  the  building  was  again  remodelled,, 
the  panorama  of  'Paris  by  Night'  being 
substituted  for  that  of  'London  by  Night/ 
and  a  handbook,  of  which  the  following  is- 
the  title,  was  issued  : — 

A  |  Description  |  of  |  The  Royal  Colosseum,  |  Re- 
opened in  M.DCCC.XLV.,  |  Under  the  Patronage  of 
Her  Majesty  the  Queen,  and  H.R.H.  Prince  Albert, 
|  Re-embellished  in  1848.  |  With  Numerous  Illus- 
trations, and  Eight  Sections  |  of  |  The  Grand  Pano- 
rama |  of  |  Paris  by  Moonlight.  I  Twenty-second 
Edition.  |  London  :—' Printed  by  J.  Chisman,  42; 
Albany  Street,  Regent's  Park,  i  M.DCCC.XLYIII. 

This  guide-book  is  in  a  great  measure  a 
reprint  of  the  former  one,  with  such  ad- 
ditions as  the  "  re-embellishment "  rendered 
necessary.  Amongst  the  chief  attractions, 
which  I  remember  well,  were  "  The  Stalac- 
tite Caverns,  constructed  by  Mr.  W.  Brad- 
well  and  Mr.  Tel  bin,"  which  were  copied 
from  the  well-known  caves  at  Adelsbejrg>  near 
Trieste.  The  later  history  of  the  building  is 
given  in  Thornbury  and  Walford's  '  Old  and} 
New  London,'  and  by  Mr.  Wheatley  in  hi& 
'  London  Past  and  Present.' 

W.  F. 


io*  s.  in.  JC.VE  24, 1905.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


497 


HOUSE  OF  LORDS,  1625-60  (10th  S.  iii.  448).— 
One  way  of  obtaining  the  information  sought 
by  G.  T.  is  to  consult  the  'Journals  of  the 
House  of  Lords,'  copies  of  which  are  to  be 
found  in  most  of  pur  principal  reference 
libraries.  In  vol.  iii.  of  that  work,  p.  435, 
the  meeting  of  the  first  Parliament  of 
Charles  I.  is  recorded.  The  report  com- 
mences thus : — 

"  Anno  primo  Carpli  Regis.  Die  Sabbati,  videlicet, 
18°  die  Junii,  Domini  tani  Spirituales  quam  Tem- 
porales,  quorum  noniina  subscribuntur,  pnesentes 
fuerunt." 

Then  follow  the  names  of  two  archbishops, 
twenty-four  bishops,  and  ninety-six  peers. 
This  process  is  repeated  at  each  sitting  until 
the  dissolution  of  the  Short  Parliament  in 
May,  1640.  After  the  Long  Parliament 
assembled  the  names  of  peers  are  not  re- 
corded until  22  September,  1643.  From  that 
date  till  the  Commons  abolished  the  Upper 
House  the  attendance  is  given,  though  it  was 
very  small,  generally  under  twenty.  At  the 
Restoration,  with  which  vol.  xi.  of  the 
'Journals'  commences,  full  lists  reappear. 
Peers  and  bishops  are  all  English  in  these 
•enumerations.  EICHARD  WELFORD. 

Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 

If  G.  T.  can  get  to  see  a  copy  of  '  Heath 
Chronicles,'  printed  1663,  he  will  find  the  list 
he  is  looking  for  on  pp.  813  to  826.  He  can 
have  any  information  from  my  copy  with 
pleasure.  J.  C.  LEADBETTER. 

Failsworth,  Lancashire. 

ST.  PATRICK  (10th  S.  iii.  450).  —  The  ballad 

sought  for  is  by  Samuel  Lover,  and  is  to  be 

found  in  all  editions  of  his  works  (Routledge) 

under  the  title  of  'The  Birth  of  St.  Patrick.' 

JOHN  S.  CRONE. 

{The  copy  of  the  verses  sent  by  MB.  ALFRED 
HALLAM  has  been  forwarded  to  the  querist.] 

INDIAN  KINGS  (10th  S.  iii.  449). — I  am  sorry 
I  cannot  translate  the  names  of  the  four 
Indian  kings  whose  visit  to  London  in  1710 
•excited  so  much  attention.  These  names 
belong  to  the  language  of  the  Mohawks  or 
Maquas  (misprinted  Naquas  in  the  query), 
with  which  I  have  no  acquaintance  ;  more- 
over, they  are  differently  spelt  by  almost 
every  writer  who  records  them.  The  rnosl 
interesting  of  these  monarchs  was  the  one 
MR.  HOLDEN  MAcMiCHAEL  calls  Oh  Nee 
Yeabh  Ton  No  Prow,  the  Ganajohbpre 
sachem.  There  is  a  full-length  mezzotin 
portrait  of  him,  by  W.  Verelst,  engraved  by 
John  Simon,  which  represents  him  in  th 
forest,  holding  his  bow,  while  his  title 
is  given  as  "  Ho  Nee  Yeath  Taw  No  Row 


£ing  of  the  Generethgarich."    These  variant 
irthographies,    Ganajohbore  and  Genereth- 
Orarich,  both  represent  the  name  which  we 
now  call  Canajoharie.    A  grandson  of  this 
Danajoharie    sachem    was     the     notorious 
Joseph  Brant,  the  Mohawk  chief  who  fought 
on  the  British  side  during  the  revolutionary 
ir.  JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

'  THE  LASS  OF  RICHMOND  HILL  '  (10th  S.  iii. 
66,   289,   334,   352).— This   subject,    I    should 
say,  has  been  thrashed  out  in  the  pages  of 
'  N.  &  Q.'  and  elsewhere.    The  best  and  most 
xhaustive  account  of  the  "Lass"  and  her 
'amily,   the  I'Ansons    of    Den  ton   Hall,   co. 
Northumberland,  is  to  be  found  in  vol.  vii. 
of  the  'Visitation  of   England   and    Wales,' 
dited  by  J.  J.  Howard  and  F.  A.  Crisp,  the 
latter  of  whom  kindly  made  me  a  present  of 
the  volume,  which  is  admirably  got  up,  and 
:pntains    many    excellent    engravings,    Fac- 
similes, and  portraits.    No  men  could  bring 
to  the  work  more  general  information  and 
accuracy  than  they  have  done. 

There  are  three  engravings  of  members  of 
the  I'Anson  family,  probably  from  miniatures : 
William  I'Anson,  the  father,  William  I'Anson, 
the  brother,  and  Frances  I'Anson,  "  the  Lass 
of  Richmond  Hill,"  who  was  born  in  1766,  and 
died  in  1795  in  Dublin.  There  is  a  pedigree 
of  I'Anson  of  Denton  Hall,  with  an  engraving 
of  their  coat  as  on  record  in  the  College  of 
Arms. 

Leyburn,  where  the  family  occasionally 
resided,  is  a  little  town  in  the  large  parish  of 
Wensley,  co.  York,  most  beautifully  situated 
in  Wensleydale,  having  a  fine  natural  terrace 
called  Leyburn  Shawl.  The  Powletts,  Dukes 
of  Bolton,  had  in  those  days  extensive 
estates  there,  which  have  now  descended  to 
Lord  Bolton,  whose  mansion,  Bolton  Hall, 
was  destroyed  by  fire  some  little  time  ago. 

Richmond,  in  Surrey,  is  much  disinclined 
to  give  up  the  honour  of  claiming  the  "  Lass," 
and  it  may  be  reconciled  by  supposing  that 
her  father,  an  attorney-at-law,  whose  place 
of  business  was  at  Bedford  Row,  London, 
still  the  resort  of  solicitors,  lived  occasionally 
at  Richmond,  Surrey.  We  are  rather  re- 
minded of  the  knights  who  quarrelled  con- 
cerning the  tinctures  of  the  shield,  and  so 
we  may  differ,  and  yet  agree. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

LA  SCALA  (10th  S.  iii.  448).— To  rename 
this  new  theatre  the  "Robertson"  would 
only  commemorate  one  period  in  the  long 
history  of  its  predecessor.  Far  preferable 
would  it  be  to  revive  the  old  name  "The 


498 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io<"  s.  m.  JUNE  24, 1905. 


Queen's,"  that  has  direct  and  longer  associa- 
tion with  the  site.  A  familiar  identification 
in  London  dramatic  history  is  more  likely  to 
suit  popular  nomenclature,  and  although 
there  is  a  record  of  melodrama  and  com- 
parative failure  belonging  to  this  name,  good 
management  would  soon  alter  that. 

ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 
39,  Hillmarton  Road. 

LINES  ON  A  MUG  (10th  S.  iii.  228,  353,  435). 
— I  am  rather  in  the  dark  as  to  MR.  HOLDEN 
MACMICHAEL'S  reference  to  the  lines  : — 
Oh,  don't  the  day  seem  limp  and  long 
When  all  goes  right  and  nothing  wrong  ! 

Does  he  suggest  that  this  couplet  is  to  be 
found  engraved  on  any  mug?  It,  of  course, 
irresistibly  reminds  one  of  W.  8.  Gilbert's 
quatrain  : — 

Oh,  don't  the  days  seem  lank  and  long 
When  all  goes  right  and  nothing  goes  wrong  ! 
And  isn't  your  life  extremely  flat 
With  nothing  whatever  to  grumble  at ! 

This  was  sung  in  '  Princess  Ida,'  produced  at 
the  Savoy  Theatre .  5  January,  1 884. 

S.  J.  A.  F. 

GHOST- WORDS  (10th  S.  iii.  405).— Miss  LEGA- 
WEEKES  is  certainly  correct  as  to  a  ghost- 
word  which  a  former  writer  in  'N.  &  Q.'  has 
made  from  something  he  did  not  understand 
in  a  sixteenth-century  parish  register.  The 
phrase  "  Almain  rivets,"  in  various  spellings, 
is  of  frequent  occurrence  in  lists  of  armour, 
both  personal  and  parochial.  As  an  example: 
in  the  inventory  of  the  goods  of  John  Nevell, 
of  Faldingworth,  gentleman,  taken  in  the 
seventh  year  of  Edward  VI.,  there  occurs 
among  the  "  Harnesse  "  a  "  pare  of  alamyne 
revytts,"  valued  at  two  shillings.  In  a 
quotation  from  Stow's  '  Survey,'  given  in 
Southey's  'Commonplace  Book,'  mention  is 
made  of  "billmen  in  almain  rivets."  The 
editor,  the  Rev.  John  Wood  Warter,  said  in  a 
note  that  he  did  not  know  what  they  were 
(vol.  iv.  p.  117).  EDWARD  PEACOCK. 

SOUTHWOLD  CHURCH  :  FIGURES  AND  EM- 
BLEMS (10th  S.  iii.  329,  369,  453).— The  small 
figures  in  St.  Raphael's  apron  or  sheet  are 
souls.  The  emblem  occurs  on  a  brass  at 
Chekendon,  Oxon,  and  elsewhere. 

The  symbolical  significance  of  the  crossed 
stole  is  not  that  of  a  sacrificial  priest,  or 
angels  would  not  wear  it,  but  the  stole  repre- 
sents the  yoke  of  Christ,  and,  when  crossed, 
the  cords  that  bound  Him.  The  stole  was, 
and  still  is,  worn  crossed  under  the  chasuble 
in  the  English  Church,  and  it  is  made  of 
extra  length  to  allow  for  the  crossing  and 
that  the  ends  may  be  passed  through  the 


girdle  and  show  beneath  the  chasuble,  as  in- 
numerous  brasses.  At  Horsham,  Sussex ; 
Upwell,  Norfolk ;  and  Sudborough,  North- 
ants,  are  brasses  of  priests  in  copes  showing 
the  crossed  stole,  as  they  would  appear  in  a 
procession  before  mass. 

HENRY  E.  FRANKS. 
Rye,  Sussex. 

"  I   SIT  WITH   MY  FEET   IN   A   BROOK"  (10th  S. 

iii.  408).— These  lines  appear  in  H.  S.  Leigh's 
'Jeux  d'Esprit '   as    a   "remarkably   happy 
attempt  at  bouts  rime's,  by  Horace  Walpole." 
The  version  there  given  is  as  follows  : — 
1  sits  with  my  feet  in  a — brook  ; 

And  if  any  one  asks  me  for — why, 
I  hits  him  a  lick  with  my — crook, 
And  says,  "  Sentiment  kills  me,"  says — I. 

D.  0.  I. 

It  is,  I  should  say,  forty  years  since  I  saw 
and  read  these  lines,  and  then  it  was  in  the 
'Wit  and  Humour'  page  of  The  Family/ 
Herald.  The  lines  ran  : — 

I  sits  with  my  feet  in  a  brook, 
An'  if  any  one  axes  me  why, 
I  hits  'em  a  rap  with  my  crook — 
Because  I  chooses,  ses  I. 

Some  of  us  thought  them  so  good  that  for  a 
long  time  we  were  not  tired  of  repeating 
them.  THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 

Worksop. 

LOCAL  'NOTES  AND  QUERIES'  (10th  S.  iii. 
108,  255,  393).  —  The  Bolton  Journal  and 
Guardian  commenced  a  column  of  notes 
and  queries  on  20  January  last.  It  deals 
only  with  local  matter,  and  is  increasingly 
popular.  CLIO-. 

Bolton. 

DRYDEN'S  SISTERS  (10th  S.  iii.  288,  377).— 
Elizabeth  Dryden  married  Sir  Richard1 
Philipps,  who  was  a  great  -  grandson  of 
Henry  VIII.  through  his  natural  son  Sir 
John  Perrott,  Kt.,  of  Harolston.  Sir  Richard 
and  Lady  Philipps  ultimately  became  the 
great-grandparents  of  Catherine  Shorter, 
afterwards  Lady  Walpole. 

LEOPOLD  A.  VIDLEE. 

The  Stone  House,  Rye. 

HUMAN  SACRIFICES  :  GHOSTS  (10th  S.  iii. 
448). — It  might  also  be  asked,  What  is  the 
meaning  of  the  tangible  clanking  chain 
frequently  accompanying  the  restless  spectre? 
Marley's  ghost,  with  his  fetters  of  cash- 
boxes,  proved  an  angel  of  good  to  his  partner 
Scrooge.  As  to  headless  sprites,  some  of  the 
Gabriel  hounds  were  decapitated.  Puck 
threatens  to  dog  the  honest  theatrical  "  rude 
mechanicals  "  ('  Midsummer  Night's  Dream ') 
as  a  headless  bear,  amongst  other  Protean 


10-  8.  HI-  JUKE  24,  1905.]         NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


49? 


disguises.  On  the  other  hand,  "an  armed 
head  "  bids  Macbeth  beware  the  Thane  of  Fife. 
Cherubs  are  often  heads  with  wings  and  no 
more.  FRANCIS  P.  MARCHANT. 

SIR  R.  FANSHAWE  (10th  S.  Hi.  451).—  Though 
not  the  desired  copy  of  Sir  R.  Fanshawe's 
version  of  Guarini's  '  Pastor  Fido,'  yet  several 
others,  dedicated  to  Charles,  Prince  of  Wales 
(with  the  motto  "Ich  Dien"  beneath  the  crown  j 
and    three  feathers),   by  Richard    Fanshawe  • 
(London,  1647  and  1648),  will  be  found  in  the  j 
Taylorian   Library.     Perhaps  one    of    these  j 
editions  of  1648,  which    lacks    its  title-leaf,  j 
may  be  of  special  interest  to  MR.  E  FAXSHA^VE, 
since  it  has  the  following  MS.  entry  upon  its  j 
front  fly-leaf  :  "This  version  was  executed  by 
Sir  R.  Fanshawe,  who  was  sent  as  Ambas- 
sador to  Spain  by  King  Charles  I.     He  also 
translated  the  '  Lusiad  '  of  Camoens.    He  died 
at  Madrid  in  1666,  aged  fifty-eight  years." 

H.  KREBS. 

Oxford. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

The    Wild    Marqui*.      By    Ernest    A.    Vizetelly. 

(Chat  to  &  Windus.) 

THE  title  of  Mr.  Vizetelly's  new  book  suggests 
fiction  :  the  work  itself  is,  however,  historical,  and 
constitutes  a  companion  volume  to  the  accounts  of 
Cjmorre  the  Cursed  and  Gilles  de  Rais,  the  life  of 
the  Chevalier  d'Eon,  and  other  productions  of  the 
same  author.  Nothing  in  history,  and  little  in 
fiction,  is  stranger  than  the  record  of  Armand 
Guerry  de  Maubreuil,  Marquis  d'Orvault,  a  Breton 
nobleman,  a  captain  of  VVestphalian  horse  in  the 
service  of  France,  and  a  temporary  refugee  in  Eng- 
land, who  undertook  the  assassination  of  Napoleon, 
carried  off  the  priceless  jewels  of  the  Queen  of 
Wiirtemberg,  publicly  assaulted  Talleyrand,  whom 
he  frightened  out  of  his  wits,  and  caracoled  along 
the  boulevards  with  the  cross  of  the  Legion  of 
Honour  tied  to  his  horse's  tail.  Everything  about 
this  eccentric  hero  was  strange.  Once  his  name  was 
in  every  mouth.  He  then  sank  into  such  insig- 
nificance and  oblivion  that  he  was  supposed  to  be 
dead  a  score  years  before  in  obscurity  he  really 
expired.  Abundant  materials  concerning  him 
exist.  These  Mr.  Vizetelly  has  used  so  skilfully 
that  we  have  a  book,  casting  a  light  on  the  least- 
known  period  of  Napoleon's  career,  which  has  all 
the  charm  of  romance.  Whether  great  statesmen 
and  sovereigns  really  connived  at  the  proposed 
murder  of  Napoleon  the  reader  must  judge  from  the 
perusal  of  the  work. 

The  Old  Service-Books  of  the  English  Church.  By 
C.  Wordsworth,  M.A.,  and  H.  Littlehales. 
(Methuen  &  Co.) 

A  GRKAT  national  institution  like  the  Church  of 
England,  the  fibres  of  which  are  intimately  inter- 
woven into  the  tissue  of  the  history  and  constitu- 
tion of  the  country,  has  naturally  an  antiquarian 
side,  apart  from  its  spiritual  aspect,  and  its  service- 
books,  as  partaking  of  a  literary  and  artistic 


character,  find  a  legitimate  place  in  the  series  of 
"Antiquary's  Books"  which  are  being  edited  by 
Dr.  \J.  C.  Cox.  The  present  attractive -looking 
volunie,  produced  by  the  collaboration  of  two 
specialists  in  liturgiology,  essays  to  give  a  clear 
description  of  all  the  most  important  service-books 
which  were  in  use  from  the  earliest  times  down  to 
the  appearance  of  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer, 
Indeed,  there  is  hardly  anything  in  the  latter  which? 
cannot  be  traced  to  its  source  in  the  "  antiphoners,. 
missales,  grayles,  processionalles,  manuelles,  le- 
gendes,  pies,  portasses,  jornalles  and  ordinalles 
after  the  use  of  Sarum,  Lincolne  and  Yorke,"  which 
according  to  Edward  VI. 's  Injunction  (14  February, 
1549)  were  to  be  "defaced  and  abolyshed"  to  make 
room  for  it.  A  large  number  of  selected  pages  from 
these  old  books  are  here  produced  in  facsimile  with 
admirable  clearness,  and  we  have  nothing  but 
praise  for  the  tasteful  illuminations  in  colour  which 
represent  the  conduct  of  mediaeval  services. 

The  authors  wisely  condescend  to  the  average- 
reader  in  giving  a  number  of  the  quaint  scribblings* 
which  are  to  be  found  in  these  well-thumbedl 
manuals,  and  notes  charged  with  human  interest 
concerning  personal  and  family  matters.  Even  the- 
comic  element,  as  contained  in  grotesques  and  cari- 
catures, is  not  excluded.  As  bordering  on  the- 
latter  we  have  a  charge  to  the  sponsors  at  baptism, 
given  in  a  fifteenth-century  manual,  that  the  child1 
be  kept  "  seven  yer  fro  water,"  and  not  be  allowed* 
to  lie  by  his  mother,  for  fear  of  being  overlain,  until! 
he  can  say  "  ligge  outter,"  i.e.,  lie  further  off.  Ai 
section  on  'Cramp  Rings'  and  'Touching  for  the 
King's  Evil'  keeps  up  the  antiquarian  character  of 
the  book. 

Index    to    Obituary    and  Biographical  Notices   in. 

Jackson's  Oxford  Journal.      By  Edward  A.   B. 

Mordaunt,— Vol.  I.  (1753,  1754, 1755).  (Mordaunt.)) 
THIS  will,  when  complete,  be  a  most  valuable  book, 
of  reference,  as  it  will  contain  death-references  for 
a  century  to  all  those  commemorated  in  The  Oxford,' 
Journal,  which  began  its  career  on  5  May,  1753. 
The  part  before  us  includes  the  first  three  years  of' 
its  existence  only,  and  appears  to  be  very  carefully 
compiled.  Oxford  being  a  university  as  well  as  a 
city,  the  earlier  readers  of  the  Journal  would,  there 
cannot  be  doubt,  have  wider  interests  than  those 
of  towns  of  equally  large  size  whose  inhabitants 
belonged  for  the  most  part  to  the  trading  classes  ;: 
as  a  consequence,  we  find  many  of  the  notices  relate- 
to  persons  whose  homes  were  far  away.  Some 
foreigners,  indeed,  were  included,  as,  for  example, 
M.  Descombat,  who  was  broken  on  the  wheel  at 
Paris  1  February,  1755.  The  crime  for  which  he- 
suffered  is  not  mentioned. 

Hangings  had  a  great  attraction  for  our  ancestors 
of  the  eighteenth  century,  and  as  a  consequence- 
many,  though  by  no  means  all,  of  the  sufferers  at 
Tyburn  are  chronicled  here.  Among  them  is  Dr. 
Charles  Archibald  Cameron,  who  suffered  for  high 
treason  on  7  June,  1753.  He  was,  it  is  believed,  a 
near  relation  of  Cameron  of  Lochiel,  and  with  him 
had  been  engaged  in  what  the  Jacobites  were  wont 
to  call  the  "affair"  of  the  '45.  He  was  captured,, 
escaped  from  prison,  and  made  his  way  to  the 
Continent,  butcame  back  to  this  country  on  private- 
business  only,  as  it  is  said,  and  was  again  taken, 
and  suffered  the  extreme  penalty  of  the  law.  His 
death  aroused  great  sympathy,  happening  so  long 
after  all  dread  of  danger  was  over.  Another  shocking^ 
entry  should  not  be  left  unnoticed.  On  4  February,. 


500 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.    [io*  s.  in.  JUNE  24, 1905. 


f!754,  Josiah  Kiddon  was  hanged  at  Tyburn,  and  we 
are  informed  that  he  was  innocent  of  the  offence  for 
•which  he  suffered.  What  the  crime  was  thought 
to  have  been  is  not  stated,  and  we  are  ourselves 
unable  to  supply  the  deficiency.  This  obituary  does 
•not  include  human  beings  only.  The  Godolphir 
Arabian  is  a  sufficiently  noteworthy  animal  to  fine 
-a  place  therein.  He  died  on  24  December,  1754. 

Jirthur    Young's    Travels    in    France,    1787-1789. 

Edited  by  Miss  Betham-Edwards.  (Bell  &  Sonsv 
••Shakespeare's  Heroines.  By  Anna  Jameson.  (Same 

publishers.) 

"We  welcome  the  addition  to  "  The  York  Library ' 
of  Arthur  Young's  important  work,  which  has 
long  been  virtually  a  text -book.  With  Miss 
"Betham  -  Edwards's  useful  and  illustrative  com- 
•inent  we  have  for  years  owned  it  in  "  Bonn's 
'Standard  Library."  On  the  thin  paper,  in  the  con- 
venient form,  and  with  the  admirable  type  of  "The 
"York  Library,"  there  is  a  constant  temptation  to 
read  it  afresh.  In  compiling  these  facts  concerning 
France  in  immediately  pre-Revolutionary  days, 
under  grave  difficulties  of  travel,  much  discomfort, 
and  some  danger,  Young  produced  a  masterpiece, 
•presumably  without  knowing  it.  He  received  every 
-attention  and  all  conceivable  help  from  every- 
body he  approached.  To  judge  from  occasional 
•passages  in  his  writings,  and  from  his  popularity, 
he  must  have  been  a  dear  fellow  as  well  as  the 
•shrewdest  of  observers.  At  any  rate,  his  book  is  a 
treat  of  which  one  never  tires. 

To  the  same  series  has  been  added  Mrs.  Jameson's 
•"Characteristics  of  Women,' a  work  the  first  edition 
of  which  was  dedicated  to  Fanny  Kemble.  This 
also  has  long  been  included  in  "  Bonn's  Standard 
'Library,"  and  besides  being  the  best  work  in  its 
line  may  be  read  with  unending  pleasure  and  profit. 
'This  pleasing  series  is  of  augmenting  interest  and 
•value.  The  owner  of  the  set  has  at  nominal  cost  a 
treasury  of  delight. 

'The  Gull's  Horn-Book.    By  Thomas  Dekker.   Edited 

by  R.  B.  McKerrow.  (lie  La  More  Press.) 
T)EKKER'S  '  Gull's  Horn-Book  '  has  been  frequently 
•reprinted,  but  never  in  a  shape  so  attractive  as 
that  it  assumes  in  "  The  King's  Classics,"  to 
which  it  constitutes  a  delightful  addition.  It  may 
'be  doubted  whether  any  books  whatever  convey 
an  idea  better  than  Dekker's  of  the  conditions  of 
ordinary  London  life  in  Shakespeare's  times,  and  of 
'his  prose  works  'The  Gull's  Horn-Book'  is  the 
•sprightliest  and  the  best.  Mr.  McKerrow's  preface 
•  does  not  greatly  impress  us.  His  notes,  however — 
taken  largely  from  Nott,  Hindley,  Furnivall,  and 
'Grosart — are  serviceable.  A  glossary,  and  an 
^appendix  from  Dedekin's  '  Grobianus,'  translated 
Tby  R.  F.  (1605),  are  agreeable  features,  and  a  design 
of  Paul's  Walk,  from  an  engraving  by  Hollar,  is 
•welcome  and  appropriate.  This  is  one  of  the  most 
attractive  volumes  of  an  excellent  series. 

/Printers'  Pie.     (Published  at  the  Offices  of   '  The 

Sphere'  and  '  The Tatler.') 

THE  new  number  of  the  Festival  Souvenir  of  the 
Trinters'  Pension,  Almshouse,  and  Orphan  Asylum 
•Corporation  is  every  whit  as  attractive  as  its  pre- 
-decessors.  The  frontispiece  is  a  lovely  specimen  of 
colour  printing.  Other  illustrations,  both  plain 
and  in  colour,  are  admirably  spirited.  The  letter- 
press is  in  keeping.  The  annual  issue  is,  in  fact, 
•to  be  regarded  as  an  established  success. 


Silas  Marner,  the  Weaver  of  Raceloe.  By  George 
Eliot.  With  an  Introduction  by  Richard  Garnett. 
(De  La  More  Press.) 

THIS  is  apparently  the  first  volume  of  "  The  King's 
Novels,"  a  Aeries  issued  from  the  same  press  as 
"  The  King's  Classics,"  and  similar  to  it  in  shape 
and  many  other  respects.  It  is  as  delightful  in 
form  as  in  the  nature  of  its  contents,  and  will,  we 
hope,  be  the  precursor  of  many  works  equally 
attractive  and  welcome.  A  reproduction  of  a 
water-colour  portrait  of  Mary  Anne  Evans  forms 
a  fitting  frontispiece.  For  ourselves,  though  we 
hold,  of  course,  the  labourer  worthy  of  his  hire, 
we  are  always  glad  when  the  conditions  of  copy- 
right permit  of  such  cheap  and  desirable  reprints. 

The  Water  Babies.  By  Charles  Kingsley.  (Rout- 
ledge  &  Sons.) 

WE  have  here  a  wonderfully  cheap  copy  of  Kings- 
ley's  fascinating  volume  in  a  very  legible  print  and 
with  eight  attractive  designs  by  Mary  Sandheim. 
The  story  cannot  be  read  in  a  pleasanter  shape, 
nor  can  we  fancy  a  more  agreeable  gift-book  for 
youth. 

A  Descriptive  Index  to  Shakespeare's  Characters 
is  an  acceptable  addition  to  the  miniature  editions 
of  Messrs.  Routledge. 


ta 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
ind  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ng queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 
put  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
leading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "Duplicate." 

CLIFTON  ROBBINS  ("Cricket").  —  The  'N.E.D.' 
states  that  the  etymology  of  the  word  is  uncertain, 
jut  gives  the  reasons  for  and  against  various 
suggestions.  See  the  article.  The  other  queries 
shall  appear  next  week. 

CORRIGENDA.— Shelley's  letter,  ante,  p.  463,  col.  2, 
1.  9  and  10  from  foot,  is  dated  from  Lymouth, 
Jarnstaple. 

NOTICE. 

Editorial   communications  should  be  addressed 

o  "  The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries'" — Adver- 

isements  and    Business   Letters    to    "  The    Pub- 

isher" — at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 

Lane,  E.G. 

We  beg  leave  to  state  that  we  decline  to  return 
ommunications  which,  for  any  reason,  we  do  not 
irint ;  and  to  this  rule  we  can  make  no  exception. 


io"  s.  HI.  JCXE  54, 1905.)      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

THE     ATHENJEUM 

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Notes  and  Queries,  July  29,  1905. 


INDEX. 


TENTH   SERIES.— VOL.    IIL 


[For  classified  articles,  see  ANONYMOUS  WORKS,  BIBLIOGRAPHY,  BOOKS  RECENTLY  PUBLISHED,  EDITORIAL, 
EPIGRAMS,  EPITAPHS,  FOLK-LORE,  HERALDRY,  OBITUARIES,  PROVERBS  AND  PHRASES,  QUOTATIONS, 
SHAKESPEARIAN^,  SONGS  AND  BALLADS,  and  TAVERN  SIGNS.] 


A.  (B.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  128 

A.  (B.  C.  W.)  on  "God  rest  you  merry,"  49 

A.  (C.  B.)  on  "  The  Hungry  Forties,"  87 

A.  (F.  G.)  on  "  "Who  pays  the  piper  calls  the  tune,"  468 

A.  (F.  W.)  on  Sir  Harry  Bath  :  Shotover,  337 

A.  (J.)on  heriot,  142 

A.  (P.  W.)  on  pompelmous,  266 

Abbotsley,  St.  Heots,  Bunts,  list  of  incumbents,  29 

Abrahams  (A.)  on  Coliseums  old  and  new,  63,  255 

Concerts  of  Antient  Music,  488 

Cromer  Street,  248 

Egyptian  Hall,  Piccadilly,  236,  334 

Fleet  Street,  No.  53,  427 

Great  Queen  Street,  Nos.  74  and  75,  433 

Jacobean  houses  in  Fleet  Street,  206 

La  Scala,  497 

London  cemeteries  in  1860,  454 

Lyceum  Theatre,  132 

Mary,  Queen  of  Scots  :  letter  of  1562,  325 

'  Moser's  Vestiges,'  195 

"  Naked  Boy  and  Coffin,"  157 

Parkgate  Theatre,  289,  397 

Temple  Bridge  and  County  Hall,  proposed,  105 
Academy  of  the  Muses,  its  history,  449 
Ackerley  (F.  G.)  on  heraldic,  188 

Hooligan,  345 

Horseshoes  for  luck,  215 

Marriage  serTice,  74 

Mass,  solitary,  8 

Bichardson  (W.V.),  and  the  Russian  Church,  327 

Kogestvensky,  396 

Actors  whipped  at  Newcastle  in  1656,  113 
Adams  (J.  G.)  on  epitaphiana,  23 
Addy  (S.  0.)  on  wassail,  112 
JElian  :  "patron  of  the  living  and  jSClian,"  meaning 

of  the  term,  89 

Agar  (G.)  on  Bishop  Colenso,  187 
Aged,  deaths  of  the,  5 

Agincourt,  battle  of,  English  and  French  lessee,  121 
Agnew  (John)  =  Anne  Staveley,  848 
Agnostic  poets,  38 

Ainslie  (John),  surveyor,  his  biography,  150 
Ainsty  of  York,  its  meaning,  133,  256,  835 
Albert  (Prince),  as  poet  and  musical  composer,  308,  374 
Aldenham  (Lord)  on  '  Coryate's  Crudities,'  426 

Spelling  reform,  31,  134 
Aldrich  (S.  J.)  on  Franciscus  de  Platea,  108 


Alexandra  (Queen),  her  surname,  114,  174,  351,  412» 

Aleyn  (John),  law  reporter,  his  biography,  344 

Algarva,  meaning  of  the  word,  127,  194 

Algonquin  element  in  Fnglish,  34,  77 

Allen,  motto  of  Louis  II.,  Duke  of  Bourbon,  208,  473 

All  Fools'  Day,  customs  on,  286,  383,  416 

Almqvist  (E.)  on  King  Edward  VII.,  327 

Amberskins,  meaning  of  the  word,  309,  393 

America  :  dates  of  beginnings  of  different  States,  826J 

American  place-names,  188,  276,  333 

American  Prayer-Book,  208 

Amory  (T. ),  author  of  '  John   Buncle,'  his  widow's 

death,  326 
Anchorites'  dens,  descriptions  of,   128,  234,  293,  333, 

391 

Anderson   (J.   L.)  on  Patrick  Bell,  Laird  of  Anter- 
mony,  12 

Holyrood  font,  109 
Andrews  (W.)  on  toastmaster,  809 

Wesley  and  the  wig,  269 
Angles  :  England,  origin  of  the  word,  16 
Anglo-Indian  on  pompelmous,  831 
Anjou,  genealogical  table  of  House  of,  270,  317,  333 
Anne   (Queen),   memoirs   of  her  last  years,    32 ;   as 

Semandra  in  '  Mithridates,  King  of  Pontus,'  164 
Anonymous  Works: — 

Alderman  Ralph,  229,  270,  415 

Antidote  against  Infidelity,  208 

Beyond  the  Church,  205 

British  Code  of  Duelling,  49,  192 

Cinderetta,  365 

Faithful  Admonition  of  1554,  484 

Genesis :  Notes  on  Book  of  Genesis,  50 

Janus  ;  or,  Edinburgh  Literary  Almanack,  368 

My  Cousin's  Tale  of  a  Cock  and  a  Bull,  268, 
334 

Pictures  of  the  Old  and  New  Testaments,  487 

Rebecca,  128,  176,  293,  435 

Reminiscences  of  Thought  and  Feeling,  320 

Steer  to  the  Nor'-Nor'-West,  13,  172,  436 

Stukeley  (Capt.  Thomas),  Famous  History  of,  301, 
342,  382 

Theatrical  Remembrancer,  429 

Anscombe  (A.)  on  "England,"  "English,"  322,  453 
Antiquarian  v.  antiquary,  1 53 
Anvari,  Persian  poet,  his  '  What  is  Love  ? '  186 
Apothecaries'  Act  of  1815,  328,  394 


502 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  29,  1905. 


Apothecaries'  Hall  in  Scotland,  348 
Apperson  (G.  L.)  on  guinea  balances,  472 

Sack,  369 

"To  have  a  month's  mind,"  54 
Arch,  of  a  bridge,  spelling;  of  the  word,  465 
•  Archaeological  Papers,  Index  of,'  186,  273 
Archer  (L.)  on  guinea  balances,  472 
Architect  on  Embassy  buildings,  347 
Arithmetic,  old  book  on,  50,  98 
Arkle  (A.  H.)  on  "  God  called  up  from  dreams,"  115 

Hand,  98 

Stob,  14  ,  .  , 

Armorial  bearings,  taxes  on,  392 
Armorial  visiting  cards,  36 

Armstrong  (T.  P.)  on  cross  in  the  Greek  Church,  56 
Arnold  (Sir  Edwin),  error  in  memorial  inscription,  176 
Arnold  (Matthew),  his  '  Horatian  Echo,'  6 
Artemon  on  Whistler's  ship,  227 
Artists,  modern  Italian,  38 
Ashbridge  (A.)  on  Bocque's  and  Hor wood's  maps  of 

London,  187 

Ashen  faggot,  Christmas  custom  in  Somersetshire,  236 
4  Assisa  de  Tolloneis,'  its  date,  38 
<l  As  such,"  meaning  accordingly,  49,  193 
Astarte  on  Charlemagne's  Roman  ancestors,  869 

Irish  folk-lore,  313 

Lady's  coat  of  arms,  898 
Attorney  of  1870  on  '  The  Law  List,'  387 
Auden  (G.  A.)  on  anchorites'  dens,  333 

Twitchel,  351 

Audience  Meadow,  its  name,  493 
Austin  (James),  his  great  plum-pudding,  255 
Authors  and  their  first  books,  247,  297 
Autograph  of  Satan,  268,  356,  415 
Axon  ( W.  E.  A.)  on  Robert  Farren  Cheetham,  64 

'Faithful  Admonition'  of  May,  1554,  484 

Lando  (Ortensio)  and  Eugenio  Raimondi,  363 

Statue  in  a  circle  of  books,  8 
Ayeahr  on  Farrell,  of  the  Pavilion  Theatre,  188 

Lamb  in  place-names,  294 

Maiden  Lane,  Maiden,  329,  477 

Police  uniforms  :  omnibuses,  432 

Spratt  family,  227 
B.  on  Marriage  Service,  7 

St.  Anthony  of  Padua,  8 
B.  (C.  C.)  on  patent  medicines,  86 

Q  in  the  •  H.  E.  D.,'  146 

B.  (D.  v.)  on  bringing  in  the  Yule  "clog,"  156 
B.  (E.  G.)  on  St.  Sepulchre,  173 
B.  (G.  F.  R.)  on  Calland,  9 

Carne  (Samuel  Charles),  867 

Grimke  (John  Faucherreaud),  867 

Grinfieid  (Rev.  Edw.  Wm.),  370 

Quenington,  Gloucestershire,  489 

St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  468 

Trelawny  (Sir  Jonathan,  Bart.),  447 
B.  (H.)  on  '  Patience,'  229 
B.  (H.  J.)  on  penny  wares  wanted,  16 
B.  (H.  W.)  on  Joseph  Wilfred  Parkins,  108 
B.  (K.  M.)  on  Marmont  family,  189 
B.   (R.)   on   English   officials  under  foreign  Govern- 
ments, 129,  214 

Epigram  on  a  rose,  355 

Houses,  ancient  religious,  69 
B.  (R.  E.)  on  blood  used  in  building,  173 

Police  uniforms  :  omnibuses,  137 


B.  (R.  W.)  on  Cromwell  Fleetwood,  466 
B.  (S.)  on  Molly  Lepel's  descent,  172 
B.  (W.)  on  bellringing,  466 

Lead = language,  145 
B.  (W.  C.)  on  blood  used  in  building,  35 

Bringing  in  the  Yule  "clog,"  11 

Campden  mystery,  367 

Cholsey,  Berks,  326 

"  Dunelmise  Filius,"  368 

Easter  eggs,  303 

Easter  sepulchre,  304 

Heriot,  234 

Lamb  in  place-names,  150 

Marriott  (Rev.  Randolph),  193 

May  Day  :  two  poetical  tracts,  344 

Palm  Sunday  and  Easter  customs,  304 

Parkgate  Theatre,  355 

Richardson  ( W.  V.)  and  the  Russian  Church,  376 

Snowte  :  weir  and  fishery,  137 

Vicariate,  204 

'  Visitations  of  Southwell, '  66 

Weathercock,  288 

Bacon  (Francis)  and  Ben  Jonson,  35,  94  ;  or  Usher? 
94, 155,  234  ;  singular  address  by  Thomas  Powell 
to,  106;  authorship  of  "The  world's  a  bubble," 
and  of  Bacon's  epitaph,  155,  234,  316 ;  as 
"Glendower,"  302 

Badges,  curious  words  in  their  description,  407 
Badley  (R.)  on  addition  to  Christian  name,  374 
Bailey-Kempling  (W.)  on  Matthew  Arnold's  'Horatian 
Echo,'  6 

Name  coincidences,  466 
Balances,  guinea,  847,  413,  472 
Balances  or  scales,  early,  208,  273 
Baldock  (G.  Y.)  on  Egyptian  Hall,  Piccadilly,  297 

Nail  and  the  clove,  231 
Baldwin  (Sir  Timothy)  in  'D.N.B.,'  306 
Ball  (F.  E.)  on  Battle-axe  Guard,  315 
Ballowe  (Henry)  in  '  D.N.B.,'  267 
Baltic  Fleet,  Russian,  in  1788,  246 
Balzac,  cipher  used  by,  368 
Bananas,  varieties  of,  14 
Bankrupts  in  1708-9,  154 

Bannerman  (Rev.  David)  Janet  Turing,  167,  316 
Baptist  Confessions  of  Faith,  89,  116,  455 
Barclay- A llardice  (R.)  on  patents  of  precedence,  90 

Police  uniforms  :  omnibuses,  76 
Barker  (H.  T.)  on  St.  Patrick,  450 
Barker  and  Killigrew  families,  224 
Barnfield  (R.),  his  'Cynthia,'  425 
Barrel-organ  builders  in  Cheapside,  348 
Barrow  (Oswald)  on  the  Fitzwilliam  family,  165 
Barry  (Dr.  James),  her  biography,  228,  313 
Baskish,     New    Year's    Eve    in,    86;    P.    d'Urte's 
'Genesis'  in,  148  ;  butterfly  in,  226  ;  Leicarragan 
verbin,  267 
Bath,  memorial  tablet  to  James  Quin  at,  185  ;  Gay's 

'  Beggar's  Opera  at,  365 
Bath  (Sir  Harry)  and  Shotover,  209,  277 
Batten  (W.  M.)  on  Ballet  family,  308 

Maxwell  of  Ardwell,  389 
Battle-axe  Guard,  0.  1709,  247,  314 
Battlefield  sayings,  35 
Bayley  (A.  R.)  on  House  of  Anjou,  31 7 

Blake  (Benjamin) :  Norman  :  Oldmixon,  15 

"Gentle  Shakespeare,"  170 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  29, 1905. 


INDEX. 


503 


Bayley  (A.  K.)  on  harpist,  87 
.,^,  Satan's  autograph,  356 

Shakespeare  and  Agincourt,  121 

Southwold  Church  :  figures  and  emblems,  370 

Queen's  surname,  174 

Villiers  (George),  Duke  of  Buckingham,  173 
Bayne  (T.)  on  Byron  and  Moore,  406 

'  Hardyknute,'  87 

"  Hireles  yont,"  224 

Jockteleg,  65 

Keats's  '  Grecian  Urn ' :  the  heifer,  464 

Prosopoyall,  86 

Ramsay  (Allan),  78 

:Scotch  words  and  English  commentators,  272 

"Tertiasoffoot,"  429 

Wilie-beguilies,  125 

Young  and  Burns,  466 
Beaconsfield  (Lord),  his  faith,  367 
Beardshaw  (H.  J.)  on  date  of  the  Creation,  333 
Beating  the  bounds,  the  custom,  209,  293,  390 
Beauchamp,  Earls  of  Warwick,  their  pedigree,  488 
4  Beauty  of  Buttermere,'  Sadler's  Wells  play  alluded 

to  by  Wordsworth,  852 
Bedford  (Rev.  W.  K.  R.),  his  death,  120 
Begbie  (K.  M.)  on  Verschoyle:  Folden,  116 
Bell  (Patrick),  Laird  of  Antermony,  his  biography,  12 
Bellomont   (Viscount)   and  Charles   Mason,  Royalist 

divine,  388 

Bellringing  performance,  notable,  466 
Bensly(E.)  on  Burton's  '  Anatomy  of  Melancholy,'  203 

"  Humanum  est  errare,"  78 

King's  '  Classical  and  Foreign  Quotations,'  447 

Letters,  their  names,  277 
Bent  (M.  V.  A.)  on  Edmond  Hoyle,  196 

Woffington  (Peg),  her  portraits,  195 
Berlioz  (H.),  his  '  A  travers  Chants,'  365 
Besant  (Sir  Walter),  pronunciation  of  his  surname, 

28,  113,  155,  196  ;  Dr.  Isaac  Watts,  489 
Batagh  (William),  his   'Voyage  round  the    World,' 

1719,  61 
Betty = black  pudding  or  haggis,  6 

Bevan    (Rev.     ),     of    Worcester    College,    his 

'Parochial  Letters,'  1829,  87 

Bible :  Baskish   translation   of  Genesis,    148  ;   John 
Brown's    '  Self- Interpreting  Bible,'   228  ;    Luther's 
'  Commentary  on  the  Galatians,'229 ;  Psalm  cxxxvii. 
2,  the  weeping  willow,  247  ;   in  Gaelic,  289 
Bibliographies,  bibliography  of,  243,  316,  394 
^Bibliography : — 

Anne  (Queen),  her  last  years,  32 

Arithmetic,  50,  98 

Authors  and  their  first  books,  247,  297 

Beating  the  bounds,  391 

Bibliographical  queries,  227,  292,  473 

Bibliography  of  bibliographies,  243,  816,  394 

Bliss  (Dr.  P.),  his  remarkable  cancels,  62 

Blood  used  in  building,  35 

Bonaparte  (Napoleon),  167,  212 

Book  sales,  catalogue  of  English,  341 

Boswell's  'Johnson,'  284 

Borrow  (George),  his  '  Turkish  Jester,1  229,  335 

Brewer  (Anthony),  118 

Burns  (Robert),  148 

Burton  ( R.)  his  '  Anatomy  of  Melancholy, '  203 

•Catalogues  of  seventeenth-century  tracts,  174 

.Charnock  (R.  S.),  263 


Bibliography: — 

China,  travels  in,  15,  154 

Christmas,  32 

Collins  (Wilkie),  207 

Cooper  (Thomas),  229,  270 

Coryate  (Tom),  426,  494 

Cranmer  (Archbishop),  24 

De  Tabley  (Lord)  and  '  N.  &  Q.,'  147 

Dickens  (Charles),  22,  207,  337,  377,  454 

Duelling,  16,  94,  475 

"  DunelmisB  Filius,"  368 

Epitaphs,  114,  195,  371,  437 

Essays,  148,  294 

Goldsmith  (Oliver),  49,  152 

Gordon  (Patrick),  283,  324 

Hill  (Benson  Earle),  162 

Keats  (John),  recently  discovered  M3S.,  81  ;  his 
'  Grecian  Urn,'  464,  469 

Lamb  (Charles),  36 

Lawrence's  '  Empire  of  the  Nairs,'  1811,  463 

Masons'  marks,  228,  296 

Masters  (Mary),  404 

May  Day,  344 

Milton's  '  Paradise  Lost,'  1751,  68,  133 

Moli&re  in  verse,  55 

Moser  (Joseph),  his  '  Vestiges,'  128,  195 

Nelson  (Lord)  in  fiction,  26,  77,  116,  294 

Penny  wares,  16 

Phillipps  (Sir  Tbomas),  462 

Platea  (Franciscus  de),  108 

Plays  of  eighteenth  century  and  earlier,  48 

Raleigh  (Sir  W.),  his   '  Historic  of  the  World,' 
127,  194,  274,  817 

Sarpi  (Father  Paul),  44,  84,  144,  232 

Sheridan  (R.  B.),  his  'Critic,'  345 

Southey's  '  Omniana,'  92 

Spenser  (Ed.),  his  'Epithalamion,'  246,  412,  474 

Stukeley  (Sir  Lewis),  his  '  Petition,'  428 

Tacitus,  trans,  by  Greenwey  and  Savile,  488 

Thackeray  (T.  J.  and  W.  M.),  22,  73,  131,  151, 
196,  275 

Travers  (Henry),  his  '  Miscellaneous  Poems  and 
Translations,'  346,  416 

Warden  (David  Bailie),  309 

Willis  (Edmond),  hia  '  Abreuiation  of  Writing  by 
Character,'  328,  375 

Zornlin,  402 
Bidding  prayer  at  Oxford  University,  its  origin,  168, 

233 

Bigg  (John),  the  Dinton  hermit,  285,  336,  876,  435 
Birch  (J.  B.)  on  Hollicke  or  Holleck,  Middlesex,  436 

Tottenham  and  Stoke  Newington  parish  registers, 

226 

Birth  at  sea,  record  of,  18 
Birth-marks,  173 

Bishop  of  Man  imprisoned,  1722,  57 
Bishops,  punctuation  of  their  signatures,  487 
Black  (W.  G.)  on  armorial  visiting  cards,  36 

Danish  surnames,  390 

"  I  sit  with  my  feet  in  a  brook,"  408 

Scottish  judges  :  their  titles,  362 
Blake  (Benjamin) :  Norman  :  Oldmixon,  15,  98 
Blanched,  use  of  the  word  in  1549,  348 

Blancs  chaperons  "  at  Ghent,  390 
Blashill  (Thomas),  his  death,  120 
Bleackley  (Horace)  on  Joseph  Wilfred  Parkins,  213 


504 


INDEX. 


Note*  and  Queries,  July  29,  1905. 


Bleackley  (Horace)  on  '  Private  History  of  the  Court 

of  England,'  821 
Sadler's  Wells  play  alluded  to  by  Wordsworth, 

352 

Blind  man  at  Oxford,  c.  1860,  348 
Bliss  (Dr.  P.)  remarkable  cancels   in   his  edition  of 

Wood's  '  Ath.  Oxon.,'  62 
Blood  used  in  building,  34,  76,  114,  173,  372 
Blood-funkers  as  a  term  of  abuse,  29 
"  Bloody  warriors,"  Devonshire  name  for  wallflowers, 

486 

Bloomfield  (Robert),  memorial  tablet  and  portraits,  47 
Bloomsbury  and  Holborn  manors,  269 
Boast,  its  etymology,  485 
Boddington  (R.  S.)  on  Wall  :  Martin,  232 
Bonaparte  (Napoleon),  books  on    his    Moecow   cam- 
paign,   167,  212;  his  services  offered  to  England, 
408,  452 
Book  of  Common  Prayer,  origin  of  Marriage  Service 

in,  7,  74  ;  variations  in  American  issue,  208 
Bookbinding,  "  Lisbons  "  in,  309 
Book-keeping,  Goethe  on,  328,  414 
Books,  first,  of  authors,  247,  297 
Books,  statue  in  a  circle  of,  8 
Books  recently  published : — 

Abstracts  of  Wills  in  the  Prerogative  Court  of 
Chancery  :  Register  Soame,  1620,  ed.  by  J.  H. 
Lea,  257 
Ascham's   (R.)   English   Works,   ed.    by  W.   A. 

Wright,  57 
Aucassin  and  Nicolete,  done  into  English  by  A. 

Lang,  357 

Augustini  Dacti  Libellus,  319 
Barnes's  (B.)  The  Devil's  Charter,  ed.  by  B.  B. 

McKerrow,  138 

Bell's  Miniature  Series  of  Great  Writers,  259 
Bernards  of  Abington  and  Nether  Winchendon, 

by  Mrs.  N.  Biggins,  Vols.  III.  and  IV.,  459 
Bleackley's  (H. )  Some  Distinguished  Victims  of 

the  Scaffold,  339 
Boccaccio's    (G.)   Decameron,   trans,    by  J.   M. 

Rigg,  298 

Bradley 's  (J.  W.)  Illuminated  Manuscripts,  319 
Browning's  Calendar  and  Birthday  Book,  178 
Browning's  (E.  B.)  Poetical  Works,  79 
Browning's  (R.)  Men  and  Women,    ed.   by   B. 

Worsfold,  79 

Burlington  Magazine,  19,  119,  199,  299,  459 
Burton's  (R.)  Anatomy  of  Melancholy,  100 
Buller's  (S.)  Hudibras,  ed.by  A.  R.  Waller,  159 
Byron  :  Die  Aufnahme  Lord  Byrons  in  Deutsch- 

land,  by  Ochsenbein,  378 

Calendar  of  Letter- Books  preserved  at  the  Guild- 
hall :  Letter-Book  F.,  ed.  by  R.  R.  Sharpe,  218 
Cntiibridge  Modern  History,  Vol.  III.,  117 
Cameo  Classics,  319 
Cervantes's  Don  Quixote,  in  Basque,  byDodgson, 

40  ;  tr.  by  Motteux,  218 
Chaucer :  The   Works  of  Geoffrey   Chaucer  and 

Others,  197 

Christian  Names,  Male  and  Female,  219 
Chronicle  of  the  English  Augustinian  Canonesses 

at  St.  Monica's  in  Louvain,  238 
Clergy  Directory,  1905,  19 

Coleridge's  (S.  T.)  Table  Talk  and  Omniana,  ed. 
by  T.  Aske,  160 


Books  recently  published : — 

Collins's  (F.  H.)  Author  and  Printer,  379 
Coryate's  (T.)  'Crudities,'  338,  426,  494 
Courtney's  (W.  P.)  Register  of  National  Biblio- 
graphy, 378 

Crawford's  (C.)  Ben  Jonson,  279 
Crisp's  (F.  A.)  Visitation  of  Ireland,  458 
Cunnington's    (H.  J.)  Account  of  the  Charities 

and  Charitable  Benefactions  of  Braintree,  340 
Curson's  (W.  S.  W.)  Mottoes  and  Badges — Who 

Wrote  That  ?  40 
D'Arblay's  (Madame)  Diary  and  Letters,  Vols.  I. 

and  II.,  39  ;  Vol.  III.,   218  ;  Vol.  IV.,  278  5: 

Vol.  V.,  417 
Dekker's   (T.)   The    Gull's    Horn-Book,   ed.   by 

R,  B.  McKerrow,  500 

Dilke's  (Lady)  Book  of  the  Spiritual  Life,  437 
Dirr's  Colloquial  Egyptian-Arabic  Grammar,  279s 
Dodgson's  (E.  S.)  Eesai  de  Traduction  Basque  de 

'  Don  Quichotte,'  40 
Draper's   (J.   W.)   History  of    the    Intellectual 

Development  of  Europe,  219 
Duign an 's(W.H.) Worcestershire  Place-names,  339' 
Edinburgh  Review,  160,  419 
Eliot's  (G.)  Silas  Marner,  500 
English  Catalogue  of  Books,  319 
English  Historical  Review,  178 
Farmer  (J.  S.)  and  Henley's  (W.  E.)  Dictionary 

of  Slang  and  Colloquial  English,  199 
FitaGerald's  (E.)  Polonius,  219 
Fitzgerald's  (P.)  The  Garrick  Club,  99 
Folk-lore,  138,  320 

Fry's  (H.)  Royal  Guide  to  London  Charities,  40' 
Gomperz's  (T.)  Greek  Thinkers,  478 
Grace-Book  B,  Part  II.,  ed.  by  M.  Bateson,  458 
Hakluyt's  (R.)  Principal  Navigations,  Vols.  IX~ 

XL,  18;  Vol.  XII.,  457 
Hakluytus  Posthumus  ;  or,  Purchas  his  Pilgrims, 

Vol.  I.  and  II.,  177  ;  Vols.  III.  and  IV.,  457 
Harbottle's  (T.  B.)  Dictionary  of  Battles,  79 
Harmsworth  Encyclopaedia,  Parts  I. -III.,  258 
Heine's  (H.)  Germany  :  Romancero,  Books  I.  and 

II.,  trans,  by  M.  Armour,  259 
Heinemann's  Favourite  Classics,  259 
Henley  (W.  E.)  and  Farmer's  (J.  S.)  Dictionary 

of  Slang  and  Colloquial  English,  199 
Heptameron,  trans,  by  A.  Machen,  298 
Holyoake's  (G.  J.)  Bygones  Worth  Remembering,. 

217 

Interme'diaire,  138,  320 
Jameson's  (A.)  Shakespeare's  Heroines,  500 
Johnson  (S.)  Boswell's  Life  of,  40 
Jonson  (Ben)  Dramen,  ed.  by  W.  Bang,  138  ;  and 

The  Bloody  Brother,  by  Crawford,  279 
Kingsley's  (C.)  Water  Babies,  500 
Kitton's*  (F.  G.)  The  Dickens  Country,  199 
Lamb's  (Charles  and  Mary)  Works,  ed.  by  E.  V. 

Lucas,  278 

Lang's  (A.)  John  Knox  and  the  Reformation,  398 
Langland's  (W.)  Vision  of  Piers  the  Plowman,  319^ 
Latham's  (E.)  Dictionary  of  Abbreviations,  &c., 

40 ;  Famous  Sayings  and  their  Authors,  79  ;. 

Who  Said  That?  21 9 

Lawrence's  (R.  M.)  Magic  of  the  Horseshoe,  418 
Lawrie's  (Sir  A.  C.)  Early  Scottish  Charters,  158 
Library  Journal,  320 


Note*  and  Queries,  July  29,  1905. 


INDEX. 


505 


Books  recently  published : — 

Littlehales    (H.)    and    Wordsworth's    (C.)    Old 

Service-Books  of  the  English  Church,  499 
Loring's  (A.)  Rhymer's  Lexicon,  419 
I/vnn's(W.  T.)  Remarkable  Comets,  178 
Marriage  Licences  at  Ipswich  Probate  Court,  379 
Methuen's  Standard  Library,  240,  479 
Milton's  (J.)  Paradise  Lost,  240 
Minor  Poets  of  the  Caroline  Period,  478 
IModel  Library  of  Foreign  Theology,  279 
Mordaunt's  (E.  A.   B.)  Index  to  Obituary  and 

Biographical     Notices     in    Jackson's    Oxford 

Journal,  Vol.  I.,  499 
Morris's  (Sir  L.)  Poems,  218 
Murray's(D.)  Museums:  their  History  and  Use,  117 
Muses'  Library,  80 
National  Gallery  of  British  Art,  279 
New  English  Dictionary,  33,  297 
New  Universal  Library,  339 
Nield's  (J.)  Guide  to  the  Best  Historical  Novels 

and  Tales,  118 
Ochsenbein's    (Dr.    W.)    Die    Aufnahtn 9    Lord 

Byrons  in  Deutschland,  378 
Omar   Khayyam,    Rubdiyat   of,    trans,  by  Fitz- 

Gerald,  138 

Palgrave's  (F.  T.)  The  Golden  Treasury,  218 
Pepys's   (S.)    Diary,   ed.    by    H.     B.    Wheatley, 

Vols.IlI.toVI.,198;  Vols.  VII. and  VIII.,  298 
Phillimore's  (W.  P.   W.)  Heralds'  College    and 

Coats  of  Arms  regarded  from  a  Legal  Aspect,  178 
sPhotograms  of  the  Year  1904,  19 
Photo  Miniature,  279 
Poets  and  Poetry  of  the  Nineteenth  Century,  ed. 

by  A.  H.  Miles.  40,  219,  479 
Poore's   Lamentation   for   the   Death   of  Queen 

Elizabeth,  19 
Popular     Ballads  of  the    Olden   Time,  ed.   by 

F.  Sidgwick,  159 
Printer's  Pie,  500 
Publishers'  Weekly,  320 
Purchas's   (S  )   Hakluytus  Posthumus.  Vol«.   I. 

and  II.,  177;  Vols.  III.  and  IV.,  457 
Quarterly  Review,  178,  399 
Raleghana,  Part  VI.,  by  T.  N.  Brushfield,  40 
Banke's  (L.  von)  History  of  the  Reformation  in 

Germany,  177 

Rugby  School-Register,  Vol.  III.,  58 
St.  Boniface,  Life  andTimei  of,  by  J.  M.William- 
son, 258 

Scots  Peerage,  Vol.  II..  ed.  Sir  J.  Balfour,  239 
Scottish  Historical  Review,  420 
Shade  of  the  B*lkans,  100 
Shakespeare:  Stratford  Town  Edition,  19,  239; 

Life,  by  S.  Lee,  418  ;  New  Variorum  Edition, 

Vol.  XIV.,  438 

.Shakespeare  Anthology,  ed.  by  C.  F.  Forshaw,  118 
Shakespeare's  Characters,  descriptive  Index  to,  500 
.Shakespeare's  Heroines,  by  Jameson,  500 
Sheridan's  Plays,  Introduction  by  E.  Goise,  479 
Steele's  (R.)   Mediaeval  Lore  from  Bartholomew 

Anglicus,  279 

Tennyson's  (Lord)  Poems,  319 
Tilley's  (A.)  Literature  of  the  French  Renaissance, 

158 
•Trench's  (R.  C.)  on  the  Study  of  Words,  ed.  by 

W.  S.  Palmer,  340 


Books  recently  published  :  — 

Trevelyan's  (Sir  G.  O. )  American  Revolution,  99 

Upper  Norwood  Athenaeum  Record,  119 

Vizetelly's  (E.  A.)  The  Wild  Marqui-.,  499 

Wall's  (J.  C.)  Shrines  of  British  Saints,  299,  486 

Walpole'g     (H.)     Letters,    edited    by    Mrs.    P. 
Toynbee,  Vols.  IX.-XIL,  79 

Ward's  ( H.  S.)  The  Canterbury  Pilgrimages,  199 

Watts-Dunton  (Theodore)  by  J.  D  mglas,  58 

Wessely's  (J.  E.)  Pocket  Dictionary  of  the  English 
and  French  Languages,  418 

White's  (J.)  The  Falstaff  Letters,  199 

Williams's  (W.  H.)  Specimens  of  the  Elizabethan 
Drama  from  Lyly  to  Shirley,  439 

Wordsworth  (C.)  and  Littlehales's  (H.)  Old  Ser- 
vice-Books  of  the  English  Church,  499 

York  Library,  319 

Young's  (A.)    Travels  in   France  ed.  by  Miss 

Betham- Ed  wards,  500 
Booksellers'  catalogues,  58,  139,  179,   219,  259,  299, 

358,  399,  439,  479 
Borrajo  (E.  M.)  on  Sir  William  Culvert,  38 

Children  at  executions,  93 

Clergyman  as  City  Councillor,  175 

James  II.  medal,  376 

Borrovian  on  Sorrow's  'Turkish  Jester,'  229 
Borrow  (George)  and  St.  Anthony  of  Padua,  8 ;  his 

'  Turkish  Jester,'  2'29,  335 
Boswell  and  Fanshawe  families,  349 
Bos  well's  'Johnson,'  note  on  the  letter  h  in,  284 
Bottleman,  his  duties  in  1837,  167 
Bourne,  curious  survival  at  White  Bread  Meadow,  365 
Bow,  Good  Friday  custom  at,  344 
Bowtell  (J.),  his  substitute  for  leather  in  bookbinding, 

809 

Boylesve  (Rene"),  his  '  L'Enfant  a  la  Balustrade,'  147 
Boyne,  William  III.'s  chargers  at  battle  of  the,  137 
B— r  (R.)  on  "  As  such,"  193 

Bringing  in  the  Yule  "clog,"  57 

Heraldic,  94 

Pillion  :  flails,  375 

Quandary,  217 

Washington's  arms,  36 
Bracket  (A.),  his  '  Dictionnaire  Etymologique  de  la 

Langue  Francaise,1  222,  445 
Bradley  (B.)  on  Baptist  Confession  of  Faith,  89 
Bradley  (H.)  on  Maskyll,  107 
Brahe*  (Tycho),  his  star,  in  1572,  346 
Bramble  (J.  R.)  on  '  Directions  to  Churchwardens,'  317 
Brayley  (E.  W.),  his  error  in  '  Londiniana,'  406 
Breath,  foul,  versions  of  the  story,  71 
Brent,  the,  as  an  ancient  waterway,  349 
Breslar  (M.  L.  R.)  on  Epitaphiana,  24 

Kennington,  88 

Shacklewell,  288 

Vanished  pastimes,  26 

Brewer  (Anthony),  his  '  Lovesick  King,'  113 
Brewetts,  meaning  of  the  word,  371,  449 
Brian  Boru  in  Smith's  '  Cyclopaedia  of  Names,'  807 
Bridge,  flying,  93,  274 

Bridget's  Hill,  Hants,  origin  of  the  name,  189,  388 
Bridges  (Wm.  Thomas),  Winchester  Commoner,  7,  78 
Brigstocke  (G.  R.)  on  Owen  Brigstocke,  452 

Browne  (Sir  Thomas),  his  epitaph,  267 

Navy  Office  Seal,  329 
Brigstocke  (Owen),  d.  1689-90,  his  biography,  452 


506 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  29,  1905. 


Broach  or  brooch,  spelling  of  the  word,  28,  78 
Broken  heart,  metaphorical  pathology  of  the  phrase, 

9,  77,  182 

Bronby  (E.  H.)  on  Queen's  surname,  418 
Brooch  or  broach,  spelling  of  the  word,  28,  78 
Brown  (John),  his  'Self-Interpreting  Bible,'  228 
Browne   (Sir   Thomas),   his  epitaph  in  St.  Peter's, 

Mancroft,  Norwich,  267 
Brownwell  (T.)  on  Cope  of  Bramshill,  87 
Bruce  (Robert),  his  heart,  60 
Brusbfield  (T.  N.)  on  blood  used  in  building,  84 

Parish  clerk,  17 

Raleigh's  '  Historic  of  the  World,'  274 

Stukeley  (Sir  Lewis),  his  '  Petition,'  428 

Wood's  '  Ath.  Oxon.,'  ed.  Bliss:  Sir  W.  Kalegh, 

62 

Brutus  on  Swedish  royal  family,  409 
Buchanan   (Robert)  and  Caledonian   Coffee-house  in 

Covent  Garden,  189,  277 
Building,  blood  used  in,  34,  76,  114,  173,  872 
Bulloch   (J.   M.)  on  English  officials  under  foreign 
Governments,  130 

Gordon  (Patrick),  the  geographer :  Peter  Gordon, 
288,  324 

Kant's  descent,  157 

Ken  mure  peerage,  329 

Luther  family,  176 

Von  Gordon  family,  248 

Wesley  (John),  and  gardens,  111 
Bunt,  Russian  word  for  riot,  145 
Burchell  (Dr.  W.  J.),  his  diary  and  collections,  77 
Burford's  Panorama,  description  of,  474 
Burgh  (Hugo  de)  and  Queen  Matilda,  legend  of,  408 
Burgos,  the  'Christ'  of,  192,  336 
Burial-ground,  English,  at  Lisbon,  34,  135 
Burial-places  of  celebrities,  449 
Burleigh  (Lord)  and  Polonius,  305,  416 
Burnet  and  Mair  families,  149 
Burns  (R.)  letters  to  George  Thomson,  148,  213  ;  and 

Young,  parallel  passages,  466 
Burton  Abbey  Cartulary,  its  ownership,  127 
Burton  (Robert),  Shilleto's  edition  of  '  Anatomy  of 

Melancholy,'  203 
Buse  surname,  809 

Bushell  (W.  D.)  on  Hermitage,  Harrow,  467 
Butler  (C.  E.)  on  John  Butler,  M.P,  for  Sussex,  416 
Butler  (John),  M.P.  for  Sussex,  257,  311,  416 
Butler  (Samuel)  and  Milk  Street,  168 
Butterfly  in  Baskish,  226 
Butterworth  (Major  S.)  on  George  Dyer,  282 

"  Phil  Elia,"  112 

Bhacklewell,  352 

Byron  (Lord),  and  Greek  grammar,  188  ;  and  Moore, 
parallel  passages,  406  ;  on  Admiral  Vernon  and  the 
Duke  of  Cumberland,  406 
C.  (A.  R.)  on  bibliographies,  316 

Cooper  (Thomas),  229 

Dinkums,  168 

Godiva's  birthplace,  9 

C.  (C.)  and  S.  T.  on  privilege  and  sacrilege,  268 
C.  (C.  L.  E.)  on  bottleman,  167 

Compter  Prison,  168 

Lord  Mayors,  148 

"  Once  so  merrily  hopt  she,"  127 

"  Rational's  Festival,"  428 

"  St.  James's  Chapter,"  428 


C.  (C.  L.  E.)  on  Tombola  Concerts,  469 

Wilkes's  Parlour,  147 
C.  (E.  G.)  on  Battle-axe  Guard,  247 

Cox  (Bishop  Richard),  269 

C.  (E.  N.  F.)  on  hour  of  sunset  at  Washington,  87 
C.  (H.)  on  Bridges,  a  Winchester  Commoner,  78 

'Directions  to  Churchwardens,'  317 

Disbenched  judges,  97 

Ecton(John),  157 

Luders  (Alexander),  306 

Merewether  (Henry  Alworth),  447 

Shelley  (William),  492 

'Thealma  and  Clearchus,'  its  author,  229 

Waynflete  (William),  461 

C.  (M.  J.  D.)  on  Jacobean  houses  in  Fleet  Street,  315 
C.  (P.)  on  "  When  our  old  Catholic  fathers  lived,"  176 
C.  (P.  G.)  on  epigram  on  a  rose,  356 
C.  (R.  de)  on  English  officials  under  foreign  Govern- 
ments, 87 

Portraits  which  have  led  to  marriages,  287 
C.  (R.  H.)  on  Catherine  of  Braganza,  208 

Self-made  men,  426 

C.  (R.  S.)  on  royal  regiments  cf  the  line,  69 
C.  (S.  D.)  on  heraldic,  251 

Portraits  which  have  led  to  marriages,  334 
C.  (T.)  on  James  II.  medal,  376 
C.  (T.  W.)  on  Molly  Lepel's  descent,  254 
C.  (W.  W.  or  W.  H.),  water-colour  artist,  1818,  368 
Calder  (A.)  on  Ripley,  167 
Caldwell  family,  468 

Caledonian  Coffee-house  in  Covent  Garden,  189,  277 
Calland  (Augustus,  Charles,  and  George),  Westminster 

scholars,  9 

Calley  (Oliver),  of  Burderop,  Wilts,  208 
Callings  and  trades,  superstitions  of,  465 
Calvert  (Sir  Wm.),  c.  1704-61,  his  biography,  88,  55 
Cambridge,    MS.  history  of  Pembroke  College,  29  ; 
supposed  portrait  of  Milton  at  Christ's  College,  127 
Cameron  (H.  E.)  on  rule  of  the  road,  96 
Campden  mystery,  story  retold  by  Andrew  Lang,  367 
Camperdown,  the,  and  the  Victoria,  26 
Canterbury  Prerogative  Court,  its  early  wills,  488 
Carentinilla,  a  fabric,  derivation  of  the  name,  108,  158 
Carey  (Mrs.)  =  Mary  Anne  Clarke,  c.  1802,  12 
'  Carlton  Chronicle,'  '  Sketches  by  Boz '  in,  23 
Came  (Samuel  Charles),  Westminster  scholar,  367 
Carnegie,  its  pronunciation,  487 
Carnegie    (Anna,    Lady),    afterwards    Countess    of 

Southesk,  46 

Carols,  Christmas :  waits :  guisers,  10 
Carr  and  Chitty  families,  209 
Carroll  (William)  and  Locke,  208 
Catalogue  of  seventeenth-century  tracts,  174 
Catapults  for  orange  peel,  vanished  pastime,  26 
Catherine  of  Braganza,  lines  on,  208 
Cattell  (W.)  on  Constantino  the  Great,  inscription  oa 

his  tomb,  268 

Cech  and  Russian  languages,  divergence  between,  202 
Celer  on  Bacon  as  "  Glendower,"  302 
Cemeteries,  London,  in  1860,  56,  133,  454 
Chalkhill  (John),  his  identity,  186,  229 
Chamberlen  ,  (Drs.),     physicians     to     Stewart    and 

Georgian  sovereigns,  428 

Channel  Islands,  Winchester,  and  Coutances,  184 
Charities,  earliest  references  to  sailors',  49 
Chapel  Meadow  at  Westhope,  187 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  29, 1905. 


INDEX. 


507 


Character,  irritability  of,  166 

Charlemagne,  his  Roman  ancestors,  369,  432 

Charles  I.,  Christmas  under,  11  ;  in  Spain,  48,  181, 
236  ;  historical  tract  relating  to,  187 

Charles  II.,  origin  of  hia  nickname  "Old  Rowley,"  348 

Charles  V.  and  Henry  VIII.  in  1520,  285 

Charnock  (R.  S.),  his  death,  262 

Chattock  (J.),  of  Castle  Bromwich,  Warwickshire,  349 

Chaucer  (John),  the  poet's  father,  145 

Cheetham  ( Robert  Farren),  hia  poetical  productions,  6 4 

Chemist  of  the  future  described,  408 

Cherbourg,  Irish  at,  in  1429,  868 

Chester  Plea  Rolls,  their  publication,  288,  494 

Chetwood's  '  General  History  of  the  Stage,'   error  in, 
164 

Child  executed  for  witchcraft  at  Huntingdon,  468 

Children  at  executions,  33,  93,  495 

Chiltern  Hundreds,  works  on,  18,  114 

China,  travels  in,  15,  154 

Chinook  jargon,  106 

Chitty  and  Carr  families,  209 

Chocolate  in  1666,  recipe  for,  309 

Cholsey,  Berkshire,  parish  clergy  of,  1681-1728,  326 

Christ,    physical   cause   of  His  death,    9,    77,   132  ; 
shape  of  His  cross,  60 

Christian  name,  addition  to,  328,  374,  416 

Christian  names :   Edmond  and  Edward,  49,  153 

Christianity  and  its  forbears,  245 

Christmas:  under  Charles  I.,  11  ;  Yule  "  clog,"  or  log, 
11,  57,  155,  256  ;  custom  in  Somersetshire,  236 

Christmas  bibliography,  32 

Christmas  carols  :  waits  :  guisers,  10 

Christmas  custom  in  Somersetshire,  86 

Church,  footwarmers  in,  307 

Church  music  in  country  districts,  185,  253 

Churchyard  (Thomas),  his  will,  125 

Cicero,  antique  busts  of,  205 

Cipher  used  by  Balzac,  368 

Circum-Baikal,  use  of  the  word,  305 

City  Companies,  their  Halls,  87,  171,  294 

City  Councillor,  clergyman  as,  24,  134,  175 

Clark  (D.  R.)  on  "  Gentle  Shakespeare,"  170 
'  Love's  Labour  's  Lost ' :  its  date,  370 
Money,  its  value  in  Shakespeare's  time,  288 

Clarke  (Cecil)  on  Lord  Beaconsfield's  faith,  367 
Besant,  155 

Egyptian  Hall,  Piccadilly,  237 
Elm,  great  hollow,  at  Hampstead,  257 
La  Scala,  448 

Moxhay  (Mr.),  Leicester  Square  showman,  395 
Sothern's  London  residence,  88,  111 

Clarke  (G.  H.)  on  Norman  inscriptions  in  Yorkshire, 
349,  476 

Clarke  (Mary  Anne)  and  the  Duke  of  York,  12 

Clayton  (H.  B.)  on  Congreve's birthplace,  165 
Moscow  campaign,  212 

Clayton  (Mr.),  his  Eton  lists,  87 

Clementi-Smith  ( Rev.  P.),  first  clergyman  elected  to 
City  Corporation  since  Reformation,  24,  134,  175 

Clergyman  as  City  Councillor,  24,  134,  175 

Clerkenwell,  theatre  in  Rawstorne  Street,  329 

Clio  on  local  '  Notes  and  Queries,'  498 

Clive  (Lord),  error  in  Macaulay's  essay  on,  405 

Clocks  stopped  at  death,  124,  175 

Clog  or  log,  the  Yule,  11,  57,  155,  256 

Clothes  of  prisoners  as  perquisites,  369,  472 


Clothing,  mediaeval  inventory,  346 

Clove  and  nail,  the  measures,  41,  134,  231 

Cobham  (C.)  on  extraordinary  tide  in  the  Thames,  135 

Cockade,  right  to  use,  356 

Cock-Crower,  King's,  228,  812 

Coincidences,  name,  466 

Coke  or  Cook  (Sir  Edward),  spelling  of  surname,  430 

Coke  (Vice-Chamberlain),  his  two  wives,  146 

Coleman(E.  H.)  on  Amberskins  :  chocolate  recipe,  893 

Apothecaries'  Act  of  1815,  394 

Arithmetic,  98 

Bankrupts  in  1708-9,  154 

Bath  (Sir  Harry) :  Shotover,  277 

Bidding  Prayer,  234 

Bonaparte  and  England,  452 

Bringing  in  the  Yule  "clog,"  11 

Broach  or  brooch,  78 

Calvert  (Sir  William),  55 

Carey  (Mrs.),  12 

Compter  Prison,  254 

Copying  press,  153 

Creation,  its  date,  333 

Cromer  Street,  336,  454 

Dobbin,  children's  game,  238 

"February  Ell  dyke,"  814 

Good  Friday  custom  at  Bow,  344 

Kant's  descent,  114 

King's  Cook-Crower,  312 

Langley  Meynell :  Sir  Robert  Francis,  332 

Lefroy  family,  197 

Lincoln  civic  insignia  :  the  mayor's  ring,  436 

Lincoln  inventory,  435 

Macdonough  (Felix  Bryan),  98 

Maiden  Lane,  Maiden,  394 

May-dewing,  422 

Moxhay  (Mr.),  Leicester  Square  showman,  357 

Philippina  :  Philopoana,  471 

Purdonium,  436 

Rocque's  and  Horwood's  maps  of  London,  274 

Rogationtide  at  Ufford,  465 

Roman  theatre  at  Verulam,  5 

Sack,  434 

St.Aylott,  315 

St.  Julian's  Pater  Noster,  393 

School  slates,  14 

Ship  man  (Sir  Abraham),  197 

Sonnet  on  N.  M.  Constance,  489 

Spratt  family,  313 

'  Steer  to  the  Nor'-Nor'-West,'  172 

Tarleton,  the  sign  of  '*  The  Tabor,"  and  St.  Ben- 
net's  Church,  55 

Toastmaster,  395 

Travels  in  China,  15 

Travers  (Henry),  416 

Tyndale  (W.),  his  ordination,  494 

Tyrrell  family,  133 

Undertaker,  273 

Verschoyle:  Folden,  116 

Warlow,  German  place-name,  335 

Wilderspin  (Samuel),  135 

Willesden  families,  293 

Colenso  (Bishop),  his  excommunication,  187,  251,  374 
Coliseum  v.  Colosseum,  orthography  of  name,  267,  353 
Coliseums  old  and  new,  52,  116,  189,  255,  437 
Collins  (E.  J.)  on  Wace  on  the  battle  of  Hastings,  407 
Collins  (F.  H.)  on  bishops'  signatures,  487 


508 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  29, 1905. 


Collins  (Wilkie)  and   'The  Lazy  Tour  of  Two  Idle 

Apprentices,'  207,  278 

Colosseum  v.  Coliseum,  orthography  of  name,  267,  353 
Colosseum  in  Regent's  Park,  its  demolition  and  his- 
tory, 62,  116,  189,  255,  437,  496 
Colville  (Mis.),  her  'Duchess  Sarah,'  146 
Comber  (J.)  on  Mair  and  Burnet  families,  149 
Comet,  1680,  8,  74 

Commissary,  Court  of  Westminster,  documents  in,  125 
Companies,  City,  their  Halls,  87,  171,  294 
Compter  Prison,  Poultry,  its  history,  168,  254 
Con-  contraction,  its  use,  111,  152,  2fiO,  335 
Concerts  of  Antient  Mut-ic,  their  origin,  468 
Concobar  in  Smith's  '  Cyclopaedia  of  .Name?,'  307 
Conditions  of  sale,  earliest,  153 
Confessions  of  Faith,  Baptist,  89 

Confirmation,  additional  name  taken  at,  328,  874,  416 
Congrtve  (William),  his  birthplace,  165 
Constance  (N.  M.),  sonnet  on,  489 
Constant  Eeader  on  "Luc,"  188 
Constantine  the  Great,  inscription  on  his  tomb,  268 
Convention  of  Royal  Burghs  of  Scotland,  401,  443 
Conyers,  Lord  Darcy,  his  biography,  489 
Cook,  verse  on  a,  89,  134 

Cooke  ( G.  F.),  incident  at  Bristol  or  Liverpool,  373, 464 
Cooper  (Thomas)  and  'Alderman  Balph,' 229, 270, 415 
Cope  family  of  Bramsbill,  87 
Cope  (E.  E.)  on  Rev.  Thomas  Newman,  28 
Cope  (H.)  on  John  Cope,  engraver,  49 

"  Crown  and  Three  Sugar  Loaves,"  56 
Dry  den  portraits,  114 

Cope  (John),  engraver,  of  Dublin  and  London,  49 
Copying  press,  its  introduction,  153,  414 
Cordova  (R.  de)  on  twins,  249/ 
Cornwallis  (Sir  Thomas),  d.  1604,  his  biography,  29, 

73,  135 

Coryate  (Tom),  his  '  Crudities,'  426,  494 
Cosas  de  Espafia,  191,  336 
Cotter  (Sir  James)  and  the  murder  of  Lord  Lisle,  167, 

212,  315 

Counties,  topographical  collections  for,  286 
Court  of  the  Four  Burghs  of  Scotland,  401,  443 
Courtney  (W.  P.)  on  Thomas  Amory,  326 
Bill  (Benson  Earle),  162 
Masters  (Mary),  40-t 
'  M  oser's  Vestiges,'  1 28 

1  My  Cousin's  Tale  of  a  Cock  and  a  Bull,'  884 
Sheridan  (Tom),  188 
Travers  (Henry),  346 

Coutances,  Winchester,  and  the  Channel  Islands,  134 
Coventry  and  Lichfield,  Nicholas,  Bishop  of,  328,  375 
Cowper  (W.),  "most  moving  first  line  in  English 

poetry,"  128 

Cox  (Bishop  Richard),  1500-81,  his  biography,  269 
Crane  (E.  S.)  on  Moscow  campaign,  212 

Vastern,  347 

Cranmer  (Archbishop),  his  library,  24 
Crawe,  a  variant  of  crab,  154 
Cre  Fydd  and  the  GriflBth  family,  448 
Creation  on  a  Saturday,  268,  332 
Cresswell  (L. )  on  blood  used  in  building,  34 
Crimea,  sufferings  of  the  army  in,  21, 104 
Crisp  (F.  A.)  on  James  and  Jane  Hogarth,  87 
Croker  (Thos.  Crofton),  his  pantomimes,  269 
Cromer  Street,  No.  123,  its  architectural  eccentricities, 
248,  336,  375,  454 


Cnmpton  (Sir  Thomas),  1589-1608,  329 
Crompton  (W.)  on  Egyptian  Hall,  Piccadilly,  297 
Crone  (J.  S.)  on  L»'Avaux,  470 

English  officials  under  foreign  Governments,  415 

Lean  (Vincent  Stuckey),  15 

St.  Patrick,  497 

Warden  (David  Bailie),  309 
Crooke  (W.)  en  Cureton's  Multanie,  318 
Cross  in  the  Greek  Church,  its  shape  and  f-ymbolism,  56 
Crouch  (C.  H.)  on  Jennings  arms,  393 

Lawrence  family  of  Bath,  377 

"  Old  Bell  "  Inn,  Holhorn  Hill.  431 

Sanderson  family,  of  Wigton,  348 

Shorter  :  Walpole,  337 

Crowe  (John), of  Massachusetts,  16S5,  his  ancestors,  328 
"  Crown  and  1  hree  Sugar  Loaves,"  old  tea  bouse,  56- 
Crowns,  laurel,  at  Olympia,  87 
Culleton  (L.)  on  Angelo  Benedetto  Ventura,  66 
Cumbria,  arms  of,  208 
Cumniings    (W.  JH. )    on    bibliographical   notes    on 

Dickens  and  Thackeray,  151 
Cureton    (Brigadier-General   Charles),   his   Multanis, 

269,  318,  337 

Curious  on  Jennings  aims,  308 
Curran  (Sarah),  Robert  Emmet,  and  Major  Sirr,  303, 

413,  470 
Curry  (J.  T.)  on  "But  for  the  grace  of  God,"  &c.,  46 

Split  infinitive,  210 

Cursals,  farm  of,  explanation  of  the  term,  12 
Czar,  its  correct  spelling,  146 
Czech  and  the  similarity  of  Slav  language*,  346 
D.  on  the  flag,  448 

Knights  of  Windsor,  5 

Plundered  pictures,  7 

Pompelmous,  191 

Torpedoes,  submarines,  and  rifled  cannon,  111 

Undertaker,  212 
D.  (C.)  on  Father  Sarpi  in  early  English  literature,  144 

Shelvocke  (Capt.  George),  196 
D.  (H.  W.)  on  Irish  potato  rings,  149 
D.  (T.  F.)  on  sufferings  of  troops  in  winter,  21,  104 
D.  O.  M.,  its  meaning,  400 
Dagger  pies,  origin  of  the  term,  26 
D'Albon  (Le  Marquis)  on  Knights  Templars,  467 
Daniel  (P.  A.)  on  dagger  pies,  26 
Danish  surnames,  49,  137,  390 

Danteiana:   'Inferno,'    xv.    23,    "Fui  conosciuto   da 
un,  che  mi  prese,'  482  ;  JMd.  29,   "Chinando  la 
mano  alia  sua  faccia,"  483 
Darby  family  pedigree,  488 
Darlington  (O.  H.)  on  flying  bridge,  93 
Darwin  (W.  E.)  on  Windsor  Castle  sentry,  229 
D'Avaur  (M.  le  Comte),  his  '  Negotiations  en  Irlanele,* 

470 
Davey  (H.)  on  American  place-names,  333 

'  Death  of  Nelson,'  18 

Davies  (Sir  George),  created  baronet,  1685-6,  469 
Davy  (A.  J.)  on  Local  Government  Records,  355 
Dawe  family,  180 
Deane  on  Hamlet  Watling,  272 
Death,  clocks  stopped  at,  124,  175 
Deaths  of  the  aged,  5 
Deedes  (C.)  on  deaths  of  the  aged,  5 
De  Keleseye  or  Kelsey  family,  255 
Delafosse,  Winchester  Commoner,  128 
Delalynde  family,  309,  417 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  29,  1905. 


INDEX. 


509 


De  Morgan  (Capt.  J.),  d.1760,  his  biography,  168,311 
De  Moro  (Duke)  on  Polish  royal  genealogy,  429 
Denman  (A.)  on  Tom  Taylor  on  Whewell,  189 
Denny  (H.  L.  L.)  on  Sir  James  Cotter,  315 
De  Tabley  (Lord),  his  contributions  to  '  N.  &  Q.,'  147 
'De  Teixeira  Sampayo  family,  487 
De  Tribus  Minutis,  peculiar  surname,  30 
Dettingen  trophies,  68 

Dey  (E.  Merton)  on  Shakespeariana,  183,  184,  425 
Dibdin  (E.  R.)  on  Dickens  and  Thackeray,  132 
Dickens  (Charles),  bibliographical  notes  on,   22,  131, 
337,  377;  '  The  Lazy  Tour  of  Two  Idle  Apprentices,' 
207,  278  ;  Pickwick,  c.  1280,  447 
Dickensian  London,  illustrations  of,  453 
'  Dictionary  of  National   Biography,'   additions  and 
corrections,  43,   85,  86,  103,  205,  221,   223,   247, 
267,    276,    306,    393,    441,    447,   461,   462,    492; 
its  spelling  of  Irish  surnames,  318 
Dilke  (Lady),  her  books,  45 
Dillon  family,  367 

Dillon  (F.  F.)  on  Dillon  family,  367 
Dinkums,  meaning  of  the  word,  168,  217 
Dinton  hermit,  John  Bigg,  285,  336,  376,  435 
Diving-bell,  first  used,  247,  349,  415 
Dixon  (R.)  on  clergyman  as  City  Councillor,  134 
Dixson  (W.H.)  Prince  Albert  as  poet  and  composer,  374 

Blind  man  at  Oxford,  348 

Jack  and  Jill,  450 
Dobbin,  a  children's  game,  237 
Dobell  (B.)  on  Francis  Bacon  :  singular  address,  106 

Goldsmith's  'Edwin  and  Angelina,'  49 
Documents,  municipal,  1835,  their  present  custody,  50 
Documents,  parish,  their  preservation,  36 
Dodgson  (B.  S.)  on  bananas,  14 

Betty,  6 

British  mezzotinters,  113 

Butterfly  in  Baakish,  226 

Charles  I.  in  Spain,  131 

"  Cut  the  loss,"  69 

Genesis  in  Baskish,  148 

Lecjiarragan  verb,  267 

New  Year's  Eve  in  Baskish,  86 

Pride  as  a  verb,  186 

*  Rebecca,'  a  novel,  128,  435 

San  Sebastian,  inscriptions  at,  361 

Scriptures  in  Gaelic,  289 

Vixens  and  drunkenness,  389 

York  1517  and  1540,  409 

Zoology,  Evangelical,  at  Vitoria,  486 
Dodgson  (John),  Mayor  of  York  1517,  409,  473 
Dodgson  (William).  Mayor  of  York  1540,  409 
Doesburg  (Dr.  J.  J.)  on  the  Treaty  of  Utrecht,  193 
Dogs,  Isle  of,  in  1840,  427 
Dollis  Hill,  Willesden,  origin  of  the  name,  344 
Domesday,  translations  of,  167,  233 
Dormer  (J. )  gold  v.  silver,  175 

Platea  (Franciscus  de),  194 

Slate  cluba,  188 

Split  infinitive,  51,  150 

T.  D.,  50 

Douce  (Francis),  his  quaint  will,  1762-1834,  223,  313 
Douglas  (W.)  on  Caledonian  coffee-house,  277 

Dickens  and  Thackeray,  196 
Drake   (Henry  Holnian),    his   death,    140 ;    and  Sir 

Francis  Drake,  165 
Dreary,  etymology  of  the  word,  405 


Drunkenness,  vixens  and,  389,  437 

Drury  (G.  T.)  on  Marvell's  poems  and  satires,  47 

Dryden  (J.),  his  portraits,  114  ;  his  sisters,  288,  377, 

498 

Du  Barri,  correct  spelling  of  the  name,  268 
Dublin,  Gay's  '  Beggar's  Opera '  in,  364 
Dudley,  Earl  of  Leicester,  portrait  by  Arens  of,  368 
Duelling,    its     suppression    in    England,    16,    475 ; 

'  British  Code  of  Duel,'  49,  94,  192 
Duh  Ah  Coo  on  English  literature  in  the  Far  East,  326 

"  Wrong  side  of  the  bed,"  409 

Yuloh  :  Laodah  :  Circum-Baikal,  305 
Dun  colour,  its  symbolism,  11,  57,  155 
Duncan  II.,  of  Scotland,  his  queen,  107,  195,  256,  311 
"  Dunelmiae  Filius,"  his  poetical  tracts,  368 
Durham,  Residence  dinners  in,  1,  343 
Dyer  (George),  anecdotes  concerning,  282 
E.  (C.  T.)  on  Caldwell  family,  468 
E.  (D.)  on  Charles  Hope  Weir,  9 
E.  (J.  W.)  on  Incledon  :  Cooke,  464 
E.  (K.  P.  D.)  on  Nicholas,   Bishop  of  Coventry  and 
Lichfield,  375 

Polar  inhabitants,  30 
Earpick,  its  use  in  1505,  86 
Earrings,  their  history,  249 
East,  Far,  English  literature  in.  326 
Easter  customs  and  Palm  Sunday,  304 
Easter  Day  and  the  full  moon,  281 
Easter  eggs,  303 
Easter  sepulchre,  304 
Economist,  sixteenth-century,  369,  472 
Ecton(John),  his  '  Liber  Valorum  et  Decinnrum,'  157 
Edgar  (Lieut.  Thomas),  his  epitaph  in  Lydd  Church- 
yard, 23 

Edgcumbe  (R.)  on  "His  Majesty's  Opposition,"  486 
Edinburgh,  Madame  Violante,  rope-dancer  in,  1735-6, 

408,  472 

Editions,  newspaper,  287 
Editorial : — 

"  At  the  close  of  the  day,'  860 

Beaconsfield's  birthplace,  380 

"Bolt  from  the  blue,"  120 

Boxing  Day,  20 

Bruce's  heart.  60 

"  But  for  the  grace  of  God,  there  goes,"  20 

Christ's  Cross,  60 

Christmas  box,  20 

Corpse,  rubbing  with  hand  of,  340 

"County  Guy,"  380 

D.O.M.,  400 

Dawe  family,  180 

English  officials  under  foreign  Governments,  300 

Gilpin  (John),  120 

Googe's  (Barnabe)  '  Popish  Kingdome,'  420 

Green  Ginger  Lane,  480 

"  He  plucked  off  both  his  wings,"  480 

"  In  the  straw,"  280 

"Jolly  as  a  sandboy,"  260 

Kemble  (Fanny),  360 

'  Lass  of  Richmond  Hill,'  20 

Leases  for  99  or  999  years,  160 

"  Mad  as  a  hatter,"  20 

Manuel's    '  Count    Lucanor  and    the    Invisible 
Cloth,'  240 

'  Marseillaise,'  120 

'N.  &  Q.,'  reprints  from,  100 


510 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  29, 1905. 


Editorial : — 

'Needy  Knife-grinder,'  380 

Pain  :  again,  rime,  260 

Pig  hanging  a  man,  100 

Postage  stamps,  used,  400 

Queen's  uniform,  420 

"  Eeligion  of  all  sensible  men,"  80 

'  Eeminiscences  of  Thought  and  Feeling,'  320 

Sexdecim  Valles,  129 

Shakespeare  (Edmond),  brother  of  William,  340 

"The  breaking  waves  dashed  high,"  80 

"The  more  1  know  of  men,"  120 

"  Though  the  mills  of  God  grind  slowly,"  280 

Washington's  arms  and  the  American  flag,  420 

"Write  me  as  one  who  loves  his  fellow-men,:'480 
Edmond  and  Edward,  mediaeval  use  of  names,  49, 163 
Edmunds  (A.  J.)  on  United  States  of  America,  326 
Edward  and  Edmond,  medizeval  use  of  names,  49,  153 
Edward  VII.  (King),  his  surname,  114, 174,  351,  412  ; 

photograph  in  frock  dress,  327 

Edwards  (F.  A.)  on   English  officials  under  foreign 
Governments,  214 

Japan,  antiquity  of,  149 

•My  Cousin's  Tale  of  a  Cock  and  a  Bull,'  268 

Bussian  names,  317 

"  The  "  as  part  of  title,  193 

Travels  in  China,  154 

Eggs,  Easter,  as  ecclesiastical  payment,  303 
Egyptian  Hall,  Piccadilly,  163,  236,  297,  334,  411,  451 
Elba,  David  Erskine,  buried  at,  407 
Elderton,  Winchester  Commoner,  309 
Elgie  (J.  H.)  on  Jules  Verne  :  star  and  crescent  moon, 

489 

Ellacombe  (H.  N.)  on  laurel  crowns  at  Olympia,  87 
Ellis  (A.  S.)  on  Benj.  Blake:  Norman  :  Oldmixon,  98 

L'Espec  (Sir  Walter),  30 
Elm,  great  hollow,  at  Hampstead,  187,  257 
Elworthy  (F.  T.)  on  horseshoes  for  luck,  90 

Bichard  of  Scotland,  14 
Embassy  buildings,  finest,  347 
Emeritus  on  the  mussuk,  13 

Photographs  and  lantern  slides,  85 

Pompelmous,  191 
Emmet  (Bobert),  Sarah  Curran  and  Major  Sirr,  303, 

413,  470 
England,    original    meaning   of    the   word,    16 ;    its 

pronunciation,  322,  393,  453,  492 
England,  suppression  of  duelling  in,  16,  475 
English,  Algonquin  element  in,  34,  77 
English  canonized  saints,  25 
English  commentators  on  Scotch  words,  272 
English  crown  jewel  sold  in  Holland,  429,  494 
English  literature  in  the  Far  East,  826 
Englishmen  holding  positions  under  foreign   Govern- 
ments, 87,  129,  218,  415 
Enquirer  on  American  place-names,  188 

"  Heart  of  my  heart,"  29 
Entwisle-Millikin  families,  6 
Epigrams  : — 

If  this  white  rose  offend  thy  sight,  309,  354,  370, 433 
When  daring  Bloodfirstplann'dtostealthecrown, 188 
Epitaphs  :— 

"  Amplissimus  Vir,"  267 
Chalkhill  (John),  230 
Edgar  (Lieut.  Thomas),  23 


Epitaphs : — 

Googe  (Barnabe),  his  'Popish  Kingdome,'  400 

"He  lamed  singing  far  and  near,"  253 

"  His  duty  done,  beneath  this  stone,"  186 

"  Hush,  ye  fond  flutterer,  hush,"  195 

Joy  (Bichard),    "Herculean  Hero!    Fam'd  for 
Strength,"  24 

Nichols  (Thomas),  24 

"  Oh  ye  of  Scotia's  sons,"  24 

"  Eemember  we  as  you  pass  by  !  "  24 

San  Sebastian,  Spain,  epitaphs  at,  361 

Skipp  (Mr.  Thomas),  8 

Stolz  (David),  24 

"Tu  qui  tran&ierip,  videas,  sta,  perlege,  plora,"  23 

"  What  stronger  circle  can  Art-magick  find,"  8 

"  Whoso  thow  art,  wyth  lovinge  harte,"  23 
Epitaphs,  their  bibliography,  114,  195,  371,  437 
Epsilon,  explanation  of  the  name,  228,  277 
Equitas  on  rates  in  aid,  469 
Erskine  (David),  buried  at  Elba,  407 
Espec.     See  L  J£»peo. 
Essay,  its  history,  148,  294 
Eton  lists,  Mr.  Clayton's  collection,  87 
Evangelical  zoology  at  Vitoria,  486 
Everitt  (A.  T.)  on  "  Old  Bell "  Inn,  Holborn  Hill,  432 
Evil  eye,  gesture  against,  214,  314 
Ewart  family,  428 
Ewart  (A.)  on  Ewart  family,  428 
Execution,  military,  at  Malta  in  1861,  304,  375 
Executions,  children  at,  33,  93,  495 
F.  (A.)  on  Ophelia,  249 
F.  (G.  B.)  on  Progressive,  67 
F.  (J.  T.)  on  "  As  such,"  49 

Bidding  Prayer,  233 

Cursals,  12 

Dinkums,  217 

Eesidence  dinners  at  Durham,  1,  343 

St.  Sepulchre,  172,  295 
F.  (M.  B.)  on  Dr.  James  Barry,  228 
F.  (B.  W.)  on  Dr.  James  Barry,  313 
F.  (S.  J.  A.)  on  Dickens  and  Thackeray,  275 

Lamb  in  place-names,  294 

Lines  on  a  mug,  498 

Police  uniforms  :  omnibuses,  432 

"  Pop  goes  the  weasel,"  492 

Ealeigh's  'Historic  of  the  World,'  275 

Sailor's  chanties,  49 
Faber-Browne  (F.)  on  Marriage  Service,  74 

Mass,  solitary,  95 

'Faithful  Admonition,'  May,  1554,  484 
Fanshawe  family,  327,  349,  494 
Fanshawe  (E.)  on  beautiful  Miss  Gunnings,  409 

Fanshawe  family,  327 

Fanshawe  (Sir  H.),  451 

Fanshawe  (E.  J.)  on  Parsloe's  Hall,  Essex,  490 
Fanshawe  (H.  C.)  on  Fanshawe:  Boswell:  Young,  3491 

Whitehall  Matted  Gallery,  388 
Fanshawe  (Lady),  her  gift  of  amberskins,  309 
Fanshawe  (Sir  JR.),  portrait  of,  451,  499 
Farkers,  meaning  of  the  word,  188,  272 
Farmer,  his  arms  and  implements,  353 
Farmer  family  of  Hartsbill,  Warwickshire,  48 
Farrell  (John),  manager  of  Pavilion  Theatre,  188,  252 
Farrer  (W.)  on  the  Fitzwilliams,  165 

"  Walkyn  Silver,"  170 
Favourite,  envied,  versions  of  the  story,  71 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  29, 1905. 


INDEX. 


511 


February  rainfall,  248,  314,  333 

Fed  up,  slang  term,  66 

Federer  (C.  A .)  on  Charles  V.  in  England,  285 

Fellowes  (0.  B.)  on  Johnsoniana,  44? 

Fenchurch,  derivation  of  the  name,  181 

Ferguson  (D.)  on  pompelmous,  256 

Tourmaline,  152 

Warkamoowee,  467 

Fetter  Lane,  derivation  of  the  name,  181 
Fiction,  tenses  in,  307 
Firearms  in  the  seventeenth  century,  89 
Firman  (F.  B.)  on  Dickens  or  Wilkie  Collins?  207 
Fishery  and  weirs  at  the  "Snowte,"  88 
Fishmongers'  Company  and  the  German  Emperor,  148 
Fitzgerald  family  of  Pendleton,  367 
Fitz-Gerald  (S.  J.  A.)  on  authors  and  their  first  books, 

247 

FitzNorman  (J.  K.)  on  John  Norman,  229 
Fitzroy  Square,  Marquis  of  Salisbury's  residence  in,  5 
Fitz  Warine  family,  109 
Fitzwilliam  family,  165 
Flag,  use  of  the  White  Ensign,  448 
Flails,  still  in  use,  267,  338,  375,  433 
Flaying  alive,  notable  case,  153 
Fleet,  Eussian  Baltic,  in  1788,  246 
Fleet   Street,   Jacobean   houses   in,  206,   250,    315  ; 
grocers  and  tea-dealers  in,  294;  iS'o.  53,  its  demoli- 
tion, 427,  493 

Fleetwood  (Cromwell),  his  widow's  will,  466 
Fletcher  (John)  and  '  Capt.  Thomas  Stukeley,'  301, 

342,  382 

Florida,  names  of  grantees  in  1763,  9 
Flying  bridges,  93,  274 
Folden,  origin  of  the  name,  69,  115 
Folk-lore:— 

Clocks  stopped  at  death,  124,  175 

Fijians  and  their  teeth,  373 

Horseshoes  for  luck,  9,  90,  214 

Irish,  204,  313,  357 

Iron,  348,  397 

Polar  inhabitants,  30 

Pins  as  a  charm,  106 

Rubbing  with  hand  of  a  corpse,  340 

Thunder,  408 

Trades  and  callings,  465 
Folk-songs,  Norfolk,  365,  462 
Font  consecration,  154 
Font  removed  from  Holyrood,  30,  109 
Fonts,  wooden,  169,  253,  316,  395 
Footwarmers  in  church,  307 
Ford  (C.  L.)  on  "He  saw  a  world,"  13 

Woman,  Heaven's  second  thought,  67 
Foreign  Governments,  English  officials  under,  87,  415 
Forgo  :  forego,  correct  spelling,  31,  134 
Forshaw  (C.  F.)  on  All  Fools'  Day,  333 

Apothecaries'  Act  of  1815,  394 

Apothecaries' Hall  in  Scotland,  348 

City  Companies,  their  Halls,  171 

Clergyman  as  City  Councillor,  175 

Epitaphs :  their  bibliography,  195 

Japan,  its  antiquity,  414 

Lamb  in  place-names,  150 

'Lass  of  Eichmond  Bill,'  289 

Nicholas,  Bishop  of  Coventry  and  Lichfield,  375 

Persehouse :  Sabine,  251 

Police  uniforms  :  omnibuses,  75,  432 


Forshaw  (C.  F.)  on  '  Rebecca,'  a  novel,  176 

Spirit  manifestations,  115 

Straw-plaiting,  414 

'  Theatrical  Remembrancer,'  429 

White  Bread  Meadow,  Bourne,  365 
Forsyth   (V.  de  F.)  on  Constables  or  Governors  of 

Sterling  Castle,  147 
'Forte  Frigate,'  sailor's  song,  128 
Fothergill  (G.)  on  armorial,  351 

Local  government  records,  337 

Prerogative  Court  of  Canterbury  Will  Registers, 
488 

Yorkshire  wills  not  in  proper  custody,  465 
Fowke  (F.  E.)  on  birth-njarks,  173 

"  Call  a  spade  a  spade,"  169 

Cipher  used  by  Balzac,  368 

Philippina :  Pbilopcena,  471 

Picking  up  scraps  of  iron,  397 

Superstitions  of  trades  and  callings,  465 
Francesca    on    Sarah    Curran,   Robert  Emmet,   and 
Major  Sirr,  413 

Edmond  and  Edward,  49 
Francillon  (R.  E.)  on  Dickens  and  Thackeray,  73 

Horseshoes  for  luck,  91 

Francis  (J.  C.)  on  Diamond  Jubilee  of  "The  News- 
paper Press  Directory,'  241,  261 
Francis  (John),  and  the  repeal  of  the  stamp  duty,  242 
Francis  (Sir  Robert),  of  Foremark,  270,  331 
Franks  (H.  E.)  on  John  Butler,  M.P.  for  Sussex,  257 

Southwold  Church,  figures  and  emblems,  498 
Fraser  (G.  M.)  on  blood  used  in  building,  174 
French  proverbial  phrases  :  Etre  n6  coiffe",  203  ;  Eau 

be*nite  de  cour,  204  ;  Pr6cher  d'exemple,  ib. 
French  words  of  uncertain  origin,  222,  445 
Frost  (F.  C.)  on  Dr.  H.  H.  Drake,  165 
Fry  (E.  A.)  on  Domesday,  233 

Percy  (Hugh),  97 

Persehouse :  Sabine,  251 
Fry  (J.  F.)  on  Molly  Lepel's  descent,  172 
Fynmore  (R.  J.)  on  De  Keleseye  or  Kelsey  family,  255 

Hill  (Benson  Earle),  472 

Penny  wares  wanted,  17 

Stnbbs(SirT.  W.),  98 
G.  (F.  W.)  on  blood  used  in  building,  372 
G.  (J.)  on  Compter  Prison,  254 
G.  (S.  F.)  on  Seville  Maze,  54 
G.  (W.  H.  M.-)  on  '  The  Phenix,'  1707,  89 
Gaelic,  Scriptures  in,  289 
Gaidoz  (H.)  on  "  In  cauda  venenum,"  428 

Russians  and  Japanese  communications,  347 
Galapine,  meaning  of  the  word,  252 
Galloway  (S.)  on  Job  Heath,  468 
Games:  Dobbin,  237;  Genesis,  238 
Garden  pennies,  17 
Gardens,  John  Wesley  and,  111 
Gay  (J.),  his  '  Beggar's  Opera '  in  Dublin,  364  ;  and 

at  Bath,  365 

Genesis,  a  children's  game,  238 
"Gentle"   Shakespeare,   use   of    the   word    by   Ben 

Jonson,  69,  169,  290 
George  IV.,  Chantrey's  statue  of,  448 
Gerbier  (Sir  Balthasar),  bis  descendants,  487 
Gerish  (W.  B.)  on  anchorites'  dens,  391 

"  Je  ne  viens  qu'en  mourant,"  50 

'  Notes  and  Queries,'  local,  255 

Miller  of  Hide  Hall,  376 


512 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  29, 1905. 


German  Emperor  and  the  Fishmongers'  Company,  148 

German  place-name  :  Warlow,  249,  335 

Gettatura,  Italian  gesture,  214,  314 

Ghent,  "  blancs  chaperons  "  at,  390 

Ghost  words  :  alnaanvyvets,  405,  498 

Ghosts,  headless,  448,  498 

Gillman  (C.)  on  palindrome,  310 

Gilpin  (John),  his  route,  120 

Giolla,  its  equivalent  in  English,  219 

Gladstone  (Right  Hon.  W.  E.)  as  a  playwright,  89 

Glen  (James),  Governor  of  South  Carolina,  485 

Globe,  Great,  of  Wyld's  Panorama,  395 

'  God  save  the  King,'  "  noble"  or  "gracious,"  108 

Goddard  (C.  V.)  on  Vastera,  413 

Godiva  (Lady),  her  birthplace,  9 

Goethe  and  book-keeping,  328,  414 

Gold  v.  silver,  their  quantities  and  values,  108,  175 

"  Golden  Buck,"  Fleet  Street,  ifc  history,  427,  493 

Goldsmith  (Oliver),  his  '  Edwin  and  Angelina,'  49, 

152 
Gomme  (G.  L.)  and   '  The  Index   of  Archaeological 

Papers,'  186,  273 

Gooch  (Benjamin),  surgeon,  date  of  his  death,  146 
Good  Friday  custom  at  Bow,  344 
Gooding  (D.  R.)  on  Southwold  Church,  329 
Goodwin  (G.)  on  John  Aleyn,  344 
Baldwin  (Sir  Timothy),  306 
Ballowe  (Henry),  267 
Carnegie  (Anna,  Lady),  afterwards  Countess  of 

Southwk,  46 

Commissary  Court  of  Westminster,  125 
Disbenched  judges,  43 
Douce  (Francis),  223 
Glen  (James),  485 
Gooch  (Benjamin),  146 
Sandys  (Lady  Lucy  Hamilton),  67 
Shelvocke  (Capt.  George),  61 
Talman  (William  and  John),  103 
Taubman  (Nathanael),  86 
'Thealma  and  Clearchus,'  author  of,  186 
Goodwin  (Thomas),  his  '  Beyond  the  Church,'  205 
Googe  (Barnabe),  his  'Popish  Kingdome,'  420 
Gordon  (James),  nurseryman  of  Mile  End,  111 
Gordon  (John),  schoolmaster  of  Kirkcudbright,  and  the 

Kenmure  peerage,  329 
Gordon  (John  Taylor),  his  descent,  27,  176 
Gordon  (Rev.  P.),  his  « Geography,'  1693,  283,  324 
Gordon  (Peter),  geographer,  his  writings,  283,  324 
Gore  (or  Gare),  religious  house,  69 
Gore  (J.  E.)  on  comet  in  1580,  74 
Gosling  (Francis),  bookseller  of  Fleet  Street,  223,  313 
Gosnold  (Capt.  Bartholomew),  c.  1602,  his  portrait,  468 
Gosse  (Edmund)  on  Allan  Ramsay,  78 
Gould  (I.  C.)  on  horseshoes  for  luck,  91 
St.  Aylott,  247 
Straw-plaiting,  148 

Gournay  (Sibilla  de),  her  biography,  168 
Government  records,  local,  287,  337,  355 
Gower  (R.  V.)  on  beating  the  bounds,  209 
Lamb  in  place-names,  150 
Spur-post,  253 

Goyle= watercourse,  derivation  of  the  word,  429,  475 
Graham  (F.  W.)  on  Sir  Abraham  Shipman,  187 
Grammar  :  Had  better  have  been,  ]  26 
Grandees  of  Spain,  481 
Grant  (Sir  Alexander),  of  Dalvey,  hia  will,  168 


Gray  (A.  B.)  on  bookbinding,  309 

Gray's  Elegy  on  Tyrrell  family,  69 

Great  Queen    Street,  Nos.   74,   75,    their  demolition 

and  history,  366,  433 
Great  Seal  in  gutta-percha,  32 
Greek  Church,  cross  in  the,  56 
Greek  grammar,  Byron  and,  188 
Greek  verses,  alliterative,  488 
Green  (E.)  on  masons'  marks,  354 
Green  (F.  W.)  on  horseshoes  for  luck,  314 
Green  (Mrs.   S.),  her  '  Private  History  of  the  Court 

of  England,'  key,  321 
Green  Ginger  Lane,  its  name,  480 
Greenhill  (A.  G.)  on  alliterative  Greek  verses,  488 
Greenwey  and  Savile,  translations  of  Tacitus  by,  488 
Gregge  family  of  Bradley,  Cheshire,  430 
Greta  on  Southey's  '  Omniana,'  1812,  92 
Griffith  family  and  the  name  Cre  Fydd,  448 
Grigor  (J.)  on  "  Most  moving  first  line  in   English 
poetry,"  128 

'  Notes  on  the  Book  of  Genesis,'  96 

Parliamentary  quotation,  206 

Grimke  (John  Faucherreaud),  Westminster  scholar,  367 
Grinfield  (Rev.  E.  W.),  e.  1843,  his  biography,  330,  370 
Grove  (Sir  Geo.)  on  C.  H.  Spurgeon's  scholarship,  206 
Groves  family,  269 
Grovas  (A.)  on  Groves  family,  269 
Guardings,  for  gardens,  429,  476 
Guidot  ( Roger  Francis),  picture  by,  489 
Guimaraens  (A.  J.  C.)  on  John  Chattock,  349 

Farmer  of  Hartshill,  48 

Prattenton  :  Heatley  :  Darby,  488 
Guinea  balances,  347,  413,  472 
Guiaers  :  Waits  :  Christmas  carols,  10 
Gunning  (Misses),  engravings  of,  409 
Gupsar,  a  skin  used  in  swimming,  13 
Gust&vus  Adolphus  and  Tycho  Brand's  star,  346 
Gutta-percha,  Great  Seal  in,  32 
Gwynneth  (John),  '  D.N.B.'  on,  247 
H.,  its  name,  use,  or  omisaion,  156,  228,  277 
H.  on  Irish  folk-lore,  357 

Swedish  royal  family,  456 

Wheler  or  Wheeler  family,  347 
H.  2  on  isabelline  as  a  colour,  92 

Spanish  arms,  30 
H.  (A.)  on  addition  to  Christian  name,  417 

'  Lass  of  Richmond  Hill,'  66 

Middleton,  109 

Palindrome,  375 
H.  (A.  F.)  on  Halls  of  the  City  Companies,  87 
H.  (C.  A.)  on  Dudley,  Earl  of  Leicester,  368 
H.  (G.)  on  'The  Lovesick  Gardener,'  430 
H.  (H.)  on  queen  of  Duncan  II.,  195 
H.  (H.  K.)  on  heraldic  mottoes,  111 
H.  (L.  J.)  on  verse  translations  of  Moliere,  55 
H.  (P.  F.)  on  Goethe  and  book-keeping,  328 

'  Notes  on  the  Book  of  Genesis,'  97 
H.  (R.  G.)  on  armorial,  289 
H.  (S.)  on  Francis  Douce,  313 
H.  (W.)  on  names  of  letters,  292 
H.  (W.  B.)  on  children  at  executions,  495 

'God  save  the  King,'  108 

"  There  shall  no  tempests  blow,"  449 
H.  (W.  S.  B.)  on  motor  index  marks,  153 
"  Had  better  have  been,"  use  of  the  locution,  126 
Sadstock  Church,  Essex,  human  skin  on  door  of,  153 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  39, 1905. 


INDEX. 


513 


Baines  (R.)  on  "Gentle"  Shakespeare,  169 

Horseshoes  for  luck,  91 
Haley  (F.  G.)  on  Chiltern  Hundreds,  18 
Ball  (A.)  on  Ainsty,  256 

'Lass  of  Richmond  Bill,'  290 

Masons'  marks,  297 

"To  have  a  month's  mind,"  54 
Hall  (H.  K.)  on  'Steer  to  the  Nor'-Nor'-West,'  436 
Hall   (J.)   on  Lincoln   civic   insignia :    the  Mayor's 
ring,  436 

Ninths,  454 

Shelley  (William),  493 
Hallet  family,  308 
Halley  surname,  447 
Halls  of  City  Companies,  87,  171,  294 
Ham  (J.  S.)  on  Southwold  Church,  370 

Tunbridge  Wells  and  district,  475 
Hambleton  (Lieut.)  error  for  Hamilton,  417 
Hamilton  (S.  G.)  on  Sarum,  75,  237 
Hammersley  (H.)  on  Sir  Alexander  Grant's  will,  168 
Hamonet  (A.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  197 
Hampstead,  great  hollow  elm  at,  187,  257 
Handwriting,  faded,  its  restoration,  88 
Barben  (H.  A.)  on  Rocque's  and  Horwood's  maps  of 
London,  353 

"The"  as  part  of  title,  38 
Harding  (Joseph)  his  biography,  64 
Harland-Oxley  (W.  E.)  on  Coliseums  old  and  new,  52 

Egyptian  Hall,  Piccadilly,  163,  411 

Horseferry,  Westminster,  248 

Moxhay,  Mr.,  Leicester  Square  showman,  307 

"Naked  Boy  and  Coffin,"  67 

Westminster  changes  in  1904,  381,  423 

Westminster  finds,  recent,  105 
Harlesden,  derivation  of  the  place-name,  208,  275 
Harpist,  use  of  the  word,  87 

Harpole  Church,  Northamptonshire,  inscription  in,  253 
Harrap  (G.  G. )  on  John  Crowe,  328 
Harrison  (John),  1579-1656,  205 
Bart  (H.  C.)  on  Shakespeariana,  425 
Hartlib  (Samuel),  his  copying  ink,  414 
Hasta  Yibraijs  on  con-  contraction,  335 
Hastings,  battle  of,  Wace's  description,  407,  455 
Hastings  ^  Warren)  and  Sir  Charles  Malet,  28 
Baswell  family,  225,  313,  376,  477 
Baswell  (F.  R.  N.)  on  Haswell  family,  376 

Hutchinson  (William),  327 
Hatton  (A.  P.)  on  tenses  in  fiction,  307 
Bavelock  (H.)  on  Rogestvensky,  356 
Hayes  (J.)  on  Croker's  pantomimes,  269 
Hazlitt  (John)  and  Samuel  Sharwood,  468 
Beach  am  parish  officers,  37 
Heart,  human,  eaten,  336 
Heaths  (Job),  several  of  the  name,  468 
Heatley  family  pedigree,  488 
Bebb  (J.)  on  Great  Queen  Street,  366 

Bumby  (Mrs.),  actress,  288 

Italian  artist*,  modern,  38 

Small  parishes,  331 
Heifer  in  Keats's  'Grecian  Urn,'  464 
Helder    (Edward),    mythical   pall-bearer    of    Shake- 
speare, 204 

Belmer  (W.  B.)  on  Conyers,  489 
Belvellyn,  etymology  of  the  name,  287 
Hemming  (R.)  on  Thomas  Cooper,  415 
Bemming  ( William)  =  Sisson  Stevens,  349 


Bempel     (C.    F.),    of    Cheyne    Row,    Chelsea,    lis- 

crucibles,  307 
Hems  (H.)  on  All  Fools'  Day,  286 

"  Bloody  warriors,"  486 

Christmas  custom  in  Somersetshire,  86 

Fonts,  wooden,  253,  316,  395 

Goyle,  475 

Holyrood  font,  110 

Horseshoes  for  luck,  91 

Lamb  in  place-names,  150 

Pillion :  flails,  433 

Royal  Oak  Day,  447 

Henry  VIII.  and  Charles  V.  in  1520,  285 
Heraldry : — 

Armorial  bearings,  date  when  granted,  269,^351 

Azure,  three  hounds  courant  arg.,  188 

Chevron  between  two  fleurs-de-lis  in  chief,  33f 
94,  154,  315 

Heraldic  mottoes,  49,  92,  111,  285,  251 

Jennings  family,  308,  393 

Medici  family,  207,  330 

Per  fesse,  in  chief  a  fesse  nebuly,  409 

Sable,  a  fesse  argent,  in  chief  three  fleurs-de-lis, 
33,  94,  154,  815 

Six  mullets  or  stars,  208 

Spanish  arms,  30 

Taxes  on  armorial  bearings,  392 

Unmarried  lady's  coat  of  arms,  348,  398 
Herbert  (S.)  on  portraits  which  led  to  marriages,  334 
Heriot,  survival  of  the  custom,  142,  234 
Hermitage  of  St.  Edmund  and  St.  Catherine,  Harrow, 

467 

Hermits  :  Dinton,  285,  336,  376,  436  ;  Wirral,  246 
Heron-Allen  (E.)  on  antiquary  r.  antiquarian,  153 

Conditions  of  sale,  153 

Cornwallis  (Sir  T.),  73 

"  God  rest  you  merry,"  116 

Jonson  and  Bacon,  94 

'  Paradise  Lost '  of  1751, 133 

Police  uniforms  :  omnibuses,  75,  432 
Berpich  (C.  A.)  on  Shakespeariana,  425,  426 
Bertford,  excavation  of  St.  Nicholas'  Church  at,  406 
Hertfordshire  iconoclast,  1643,  168 
Heslop  (R.  O.)  on   "Cut  the  loss,"  156 
Hewetson  (Col.),  his  biography,  430 
Bewitt  (C.  E.)  on  Apothecaries'  Act  of  1815,  328 

Scottish  Naval  and  Military  Academy,  148 
Bewitt  (J.  A.)  on  heraldic  mottoes,  235 

'  Paradise  Lost '  of  1751,  68 
Bibgame  (F.  T.)  on  children  at  executions,  34 

Christian  name,  addition  to,  416 

Coliseums  old  and  new,  116 

Earrings :  their  history,  249 

English  burial-ground  at  Lisbon,  34 

Irish  soil  exported,  395 

Lyceum  Theatre,  45 

" Oh!  the  pilgrims  of  Zion,"  176 

Quin  (James),  the  actor,  185 
Hie  et  Ubique  on  epigram  on  a  rose,  433 
High  Peak  words,  35 

Bigham  (C.)on  Swedenborgianism  in  Philadelphia,  86 
Hill  family  of  Moretonhampstead,  Devon,  188 
Bill  (Benson  Earle),  his  biography,  162,  472 
Bill  (R.  H.  E.)  on  Bills  of  Moretonbampstead,  188 
Hilson   (J.   L.)  on  Convention  of  Royal  Burghs  of 
Scotland,  401,  443 


514 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  29, 1906. 


Hilson  (J.  L.)  on  Great  Seal  of  Scotland,  242 

Haswell  family,  314 

Lamb  in  place-names,  150 
Hippoclides  on  Christianity  and  its  forbears,  245 

Church  music,  185 

Purdonium,  388 

Hippomanes,  modern  science  on,  127 
Hipay,  its  composition,  61 
''Hirsles  yont,"  meaning  of  the  term,  224 
'  Historical  English  Dictionary,'  definition  of  patent 

medicines,  86  ;  Q  in,  146 
Historical  MS  8.,  index  to  reports  on,  286 
Historicus  on  Dr.  Chamberlen,  428 
Hitchin-Kemp  (F.)  on  Brent  as  waterway,  349 

Dollis  Hill,  Willesden,  344 

Willesden  families,  208 

Woolmen  in  the  fifteenth  century,  275 
Hodges  (Capt.  Wm.  Arthur), killed  at  San  Sebastian,  433 
Hodgkin  (J.  Eliot)  on  Bigg,  the  Dinton  hermit,  336 

Percy  (Hugh),  28 

Tickling  trout,  332 

Hogarth  (James  and  Jane),  memorial  ring,  87 
Holborn,  the  place-name,  56 
Holborn  and  Bloomsbury  manors,  269 
Holborn  Hill,  arms  on  "Old  Bell "  Inn,  366,  430 
Holleck  or  Hollicke  Manor,  co.  Middlesex,  387,  435 
Holloway  (M.  M.)  and  the  MSS.  of  Count  A.   de 

Panignano,  8,  94 

Holloway  (Sir  Richard),  his  biography,  43 
Holy  Thursday,  born  on,  and  idle,  287 
Holyoake  (G.  J.)  on  Parliamentary  quotation,  294 
Holyrood  font,  removed  in  1544,  30,  109 
Hooligan  in  Russian  and  German,  345 
Hooper  (J.)  on  Nelson  in  fiction,  26 

Stickpenny,  70 

Weeper  in  House  of  Commons,  70 
Hooper,  Winchester  Commoner  1842,  309 
Hoorn,  Cape,  correct  name  of  southernmost  point  of 

S.  America,  466 
Hope  (H.  G.)  on  Angles  :  England,  16 

Duelling  in  England,  475 

Holyrood  font,  111 

Jonson  and  Bacon,  35 

Sothern's  London  residence,  195 

Verschoyle  :  Folden,  335 

William  III.  at  the  Boyne,  137 
Horn,  letter  C  known  as  the,  111 
Horn,  Cape.     See  Hoorn. 

Horn  book  ( Adam),  pseudonym  of  Thos.  Cooper,  229, 270 
Horse  racing  in  Scotland,  450 

Horseferry,   Westminster,  and  measurement  of  dis- 
tances, 248 

Horseshoes,  right  side  upwards,  9,  90,  214,  314 
Horwood's  'Map  of  London,'  187,  274,  353 
Housden  (J.  A.  J.)  on  Besant  on  Dr.  Watts,  489 

"  Monmouth  Street  of  literature,"  252 

Vulgate,  435 

House  of  Commons,  weeper  in,  70 
House  of  Lords,  1625-60,  list  of  peers  in,  448,  497 
Hovenden  (R.)  on  W.  W.  C.  or  W.  H.  C.,  artist,  368 
Hoyle  (Edmond),  portraits  of,  196 
Hughes  (L.  H.)  on  Du  Barri,  268 

Epigram  on  a  rose,  354 
Hughes  (T.  Cann)  on  anchorites'  dens,  234 

Burial-places  of  celebrities,  449 

English  officials  under  foreign  Governments,  214 


Hughes  (T.  Cann)  on  Lucas  families,  233 

Parkgate  Theatre,  355 

Pembroke  College,  Cambridge,  29 

'  Table  Talk  of  Samuel  Rogers,'  488 

Tunbridge  Wells  and  district,  429 

Verschoyle:  Folden,  335 

Wirral  Hermit,  246 

Hughes  (W.)  on  Tarleton  and  "The  Tabor,"  55 
Huguenot,  the  word  in  1562,  327 
Hulton  (B.)  on  '  Brown's  Superb  Bible,'  228 
Hulton  (S.  F.)  on  Sir  Harry  Bath:  Shotover,  209 
Humby  (Mrs.),  actress,  her  biography,  288,  837 
Hussey  (A.)  on  earpick,  86 

Masters  (Mary),  474 

Snowte  :  weir  and  fishery,  88 

St.  Thomas  Wohope,  295 

Taylor  (Tom),  on  Whewell,  293 
Hutchinson  (J.)  on  "Gentle  "  Shakespeare,  69,  290 
Hutchinson  (William),  historian  of  Durham,  his  de* 

sceudants,  327 
Hymns  :  Oh  !  the  pilgrims  of  Zion,  109,  176  ;  Sweet 

fields  beyond  the  swelling  flood,  489 
I.  (D.  C.)  on  clergyman  as  City  Councillor,  175 

"  I  sit  with  my  feet  in  a  brook,"  498 
I.H.C.,  its  signification,  194 

I'Anson  (Bryan),  his  monumental  inscription,  852 
Ibbetson  (R.)  on  Millar's  '  Geography,'  169 
Hand,  meaning  of  the  word,  98,  154,  432 
He,  etymology  of  the  word,  98,  874,  432 
Incledon  (Charles),  and  a  Bristol  taunt,  373,  464 
Index,  crosa-references  in,  126 
Indian  kings,  c.  1710,  their  names,  449,  497 
Infinitive,  split,  17,  51,  95,  150,  210,  295 
Ingle  (J.  S.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  469 
Ingleby  (Holcombe)  on  con-  contraction,  152 

'  Directions  to  Churchwardens,'  264 

"  For  a  God  Yow,"  389 

Guardings,  429 

Larcin:  Bevaii,  87 

Ninths,  389 

Norfolk  folk-songs,  365 

Prickle-bat,  5 

Prisoners'  clothes  as  perquisites,  369 
Ingleby  or  Ingilby  (Sir  Charles),  1644-1718,  44 
Ingress  Abbey,  Greenhithe,  its  history,  315 
Inscriptions,  Norman,  in  Yorkshire,  349,  397,  476 
Inscriptions  at  San  Sebastian,  361,  433 
Inventory,  Lincoln  ecclesiastical,  388,  435 
Iota  on  prayer  for  twins,  428 
Irish  at  Cherbourg  in  1429,  368 
Irish  epitaph  in  Kilkeel  Churchyard,  24 
Irish  folk-lore,  204,  313,  357 
Irish  potato  rings,  149 
Irish  soil  exported,  328,  394 
Irish  stage,  Dean  Swift  and,  265 
Irish  surnames,  Mac  or  O  before,  15 
Iron,  picking  up  scraps  of,  348,  397 
Irvine  (W.)   on    Charles    Mason,    Royalist    divine, 

388 

Irving  (G.)  on  High  Peak  words,  85 
Isabelline  as  a  colour,  92 
Isherwood  (C.)  on  Samuel  Butler,  168 

Twitchel,  289 
Ita  Tester  on  «  Beyond  the  Church,'  205 
Italian  artists,  modern,  38 
Italian,  early,  glossary  wanted,  447 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  29,  1905. 


INDEX. 


515 


J.  (D.  M.)  on  Messianic  medal,  489 
J.  (W.  C.)  on  David  Erskine,  buried  at  Elba,  407 
•Jack  and  Jill,  conundrum,  450 
Jacobean  houses  in  Fleet  Street,  206,  250,  315 
Jaggard  ( W.)  on  Coke  or  Cook  ?  430 
Essay,  294 
Heraldic  mottoes,  92 
Lucas  families,  233 
'  Notes  on  the  Book  of  Genesis,'  97 
Number-men,  66 

Raleigh's  '  Historic  of  the  World,'  275 
Jaggery,  ingredient  of  mortar,  35,  76, 114, 173,  372 
James  II.,  inscription  on  his  statue,  15,  57';  medal 

issued  by,  329,  376 
Japan,  its  antiquity,  149,  414 
Japanese  and  Russians,  language  of  official  and  private 

communications,  347,  417 
Jarratt  (F.)  on  Bishop  Colenso,  251 
Jast  ( L.  8.)  on  "  May  virtue  all  thy  paths  attend,"  109 
Jenkins  (C.  L.)  on  author  of  quotation  wanted,  269 
Jenkins  ( 8.)  on  Ralph  Rabbards,  389 
Jennings  family,  308,  393 

Jerrold  (W.)  on  Dickens  and  Thackeray,  73,  196 
Dickens  or  Wilkie  Collins !  278 
"Dogmatism  is  puppyism  full  grown,"  94 
Jesus.     See  Christ. 

Jewel,  English  Grown,  named"  three  brothers,"  429,494 
Jockteleg  and  John  of  Liege,  celebrated  cutler,  65,  495 
John  III.  (Sjbieski),  King  of  Poland,  descendants  of,429 
Johnson  (C. )  on  balances  or  scales,  273 
Johnson  (Dr.),   his    'In  Theatro '  and  Mrs.  Thrale, 
161 ;  note  on  the  letter  h,  284  ;  pinch  of  snuff,  447 
Johnston  (H.  A.)  on  clocks  stopped  at  death,  175 
Johnston  (W.  J.)  on  clocks  stopped  at  death,  124 

Strahan,  publisher,  87 

Jonas  (A.  C.)  on  Prince  Albert  aspoetand composer,  308 
'Hardyknute,'  113 
Jockteleg,  495 

Jones  (Paul)  in  the  Russian  navy,  246 
Jonrad  on  armorial,  351 
Jonson  (Ben),  and  Bacon,  35,  94  ;  administration  of 

his  goods,  125 
Judas  and  St.  Mark,  345 
Judge  on  addition  to  Christian  name,  328 
Judges,  disbenched,  43,  97 
Judges,  Scottish,  their  titles,  362 
Junius,  Fraser  Rae  and,  108 
Juvenal,  translated  by  Wordsworth,  288 
K.  (H.)  on  names  of  letters,  277 

Zemstvo,  233 
K.  (J.  A.)  on  balances  or  scales,  203 

Newport  family,  467 
K.  (J.  H.)  on  Incledon  :  Cooke,  464 

Parkgate  Theatre,  457 

K.  (L.  L. )  on  Abbey  of  St.  ValeVy-sur-Somme,  277 
Montrose  (Earl  of),  8 
8hirley  (Sir  Robert),  286 
K.  (W.)  on  "St.  George  to  save  a  maid,"  227 
Kamranh  Bay,  its  pronunciation,  365 
Kant  (L),  his  descent,  114,  157 
Keate  (M.)  on  a  military  execution,  375 
Keats  (John),  recently  discovered  manuscripts,    81  ; 
heifer  in   '  Grecian    Urn,'  464 ;  date   of  '  Grecian 
Urn,'  469 
Kelsey  (S.  W.)  on  painting  of  loom,  308 

"  In  antient  days,  when  Dame  Eliza  reign 'd,"  468 


Kelsey  or  De  Keleseye  family,  255 

Kelso  on  "  And  has  it  come  to  this?"  49 

Kemble  (Fanny),  her  biography,  360 

Kenmure  peerage  and  John  Gordon,  schoolmaster,  of 

Kirkcudbright,  329 
Kennington,  its  famous  residents,  88 
Kenny  (3.  E.)  on  Chester  Plea  Rolls,  338 
Kent,  Holy  Maid  of,  25 
Kerwood  on  Robart  Tidir,  390 
Kidson  (A.  A.)  on  masons'  marks,  228 

War  medals,  315 

Killigrew  (or  Killegrew)  and  Barker  families,  224 
Kilmaurs,  its  cutlery,  496 
King  (C.)  on  arithmetic,  50 
King  (Sir  C.  S.)  on  Bishop  of  Man  imprisoned,  1722,  57 

Cotter  (Sir  James),  212 

Tigernacus,  268,  318 
King's  (W.  F.  H.)  'Classical  and  Foreign  Quotations,' 

447 

King's  Cock-Crower,  228,  312 
Kings,  Indian,  their  names,  c.  1710,  449,  497 
Kingsford  (W.  B.)  on  children  at  executions,  33 
Kingsley  quotation,  88 
Kirk  (R.  E.  G.)  on  Chaucer's  father,  145 
Knights  of  Windsor,  5 
Knights  Templars,  1128-1312,  467 
Kom  Ombo  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  128 

Hippomanes,  127 

Juvenal  translated  by  Wordsworth,  288 
Krebs  (H.)  on  Sir  R.  Fanshawe,  499 

Helvellyn,  287 

Ze'rastvo  and  Zemsky-Sobor,  185 
Krimpen  ( W.  del  Court  de)  on  Van  Sypesteyn   manu- 
scripts, 409 
Krueger(Dr.  G.)  on  Algonquin  element  in  English,  34 

Blake  (Benjamin):  Norman:  Oldmixon,  15 

Clocks  stopped  at  death,  175 

Letters,  their  names,  228 

Shakespeare's  grave,  495 

Split  infinitive,  51 

Whitsunday,  16 
Kruger  (Frederick),  Hermit  of  Wallasey,  246 
L.  (A.)  on  municipal  documents,  50 
L.  (F.  de  H.)  on  Cope  of  Bramshill,  174 

Stephenson  (Governor),  395 
L.  (H.  P.)  on  broach  or  brooch,  78 

Cureton's  Militants,  337 

Has  well  family,  313 

Martello  towers,  313 

Poet  Laureate  read  at  the  head  of  troops,  345 

Royal  regiments  of  the  line,  112 

Twitchel,  436 
L.  (K.  E.  E.)  on  human  sacrifices :  ghosts,  448 
L.  (M.  C.)  on  lines  by  Whyte  Melville,  408 
L.  (T.  B.)  on  schools  first  established,  209 
L  (W.  J.)  on  Queen  Anne  as  amateur  actress,  16i 

Theft  from  Sir  George  Warren,  188 
L.  (W.  T.)  on  "And  thou,  blest  star,"  88 

Author  of  quotation  wanted,  109 
L.-W.  (E.)  on  Pickwick,  c.  1280,  447 

Woolmen  in  the  fifteenth  century,  193 
Liady,  unmarried,  her  coat  of  arms,  348,  898 
Lady's  Museum,'  1800-5,  its  value,  169 
Lamb  (Charles),  identity  of  "  Phil  Elia,"  36,  79, 112  ; 
and  his  friend  George"  Dyer,  282  ;  and  Shacklewell, 
288,  352,  414 


516 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  39, 1905. 


Lamb  (E.  H)  on  Hemming = Stevens,  349 
Lamb  in  place-names,  109,  149,  294 
Lancaster  (Joseph),  his  portrait  in  the  National  Por- 
trait Gallery,  468 

Lando  (Ortensio)  and  Eugenio  Raimondi,  363 
Lang  (A.)  on  "  Hirsles  yont,'5  224  ;  on  the  Campden 

mystery,  367 
Langley  Meynell,  Derbyshire,  and  the  Francis  family, 

270,  331 

Langton  (T.)  on  rule  of  the  road,  96 
Lantern  slides  and  photographs,  their  registration,  85 
Laodah,  Anglo-Chinese  word  for  boatman,  305 
Larcin,  use  of  the  word,  fc7 
La  Scala,  name  of  new  theatre,  448,  497 
Latham  (E.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  148 

French  proverbial  phrases,  203 
Laughton  (Prof.  J.  K.)  on  Rogestvensky,  304 

Turvile,  367 

Laurel  crowns  at  Olympia,  87 

Laurenson  (Thos.),  his  'Secrets  in  Art  and  Nature,' 24 9 
Law  in  a  will,  contempt  for,  165 
'  Law  List '  needed,  387 
Lawrance  family  of  Bath,  308,  377 
Lawrance  (A.)  on  Lawrance  family  of  Bath,  808 
Lawrance  (K.M.)  on  Burns's  letters  to  Geo.Thomson,148 
English  officials  under  foreign  Governments,  415 
Lawrence  (Sir  James),  his  'Empire  of  the  Nairs,'  463 
Lawrence  (W.  J.)  on  'Beggar's  Opera'  in  Dublin, 364 
Parkgate  theatre,  355 
Sterling  (Eev.  James),  385 
Swift  (Dean)  and  the  Irish  stage,  265 
Violante  (Madame),  in  Edinburgh,  408 
Lawrence-Hamilton   (J.)  on  Fishmongers'  Company 

and  German  Emperor,  148 
Leach  (A.  F.),  errors  in  his  edition  of  '  Visitations  of 

Southwell,'  66 

Schools  first  established,  251 
Lead = language,  145,  197 
Leadbetter  (J.  C.)  on  Bouse  of  Lords,  497 
Lean  (Vincent  Stuckey)  and  Maclean  family,  14 
Leases,  long,  160 

Ledig,  etymology  of  the  word,  288,  336 
Lee  (A.  C.)  on  'Envied  Favourite,'  71 

Portraits  which  have  led  to  marriages,  377 
Leeds,  Yorkshire,  royal  mint  at,  489 
Leeper  (A.)  on  Sir  George  Grove  on  C.  H.  Spurgeon's 

scholarship,  206 
Laurel  crowns  at  Olympia,  392 
Lefroy  family,  197 

Lega-Weekes  (E.)  on  ghost- words,  405 
Mediaeval  clothing,  346 
Quarterstaves,  165 
Legenvie,  artist,  c.  1833,  309,  437 
Leggatt  (E.  E.)  on  Madame  Parisot,  208 
Lei$arragan  verb,  267 

Leicester  ( Dudley,  Earl  of),  portrait  by  Arens,  368 
Leicester  Square  and  Mr.  Moxhay,  307,  357, 395,  47< 
Leigh    (R.   A.   A.)   on   Eton   lists:    Mr.     Clayton' 

collection,  87 

Leighton  (H.  R.)  on  Fitz  Warine  family,  109 
Leisure,  etymology  of  the  word,  288,  336 
Lepel  (Molly),  Lady  Hervey,  her  descent,  127, 172,  254 
Leaczcynski  (Stanislaus),  King  of  Poland,  his  descen 

dants,  429 

L'Espec  (Sir  Walter)  and  Richard  Speke,  30 
Letters,  their  names,  228,  277,  292,  336 


ibra  on  guinea  balances,  347 
icense :  licence,  the  spelling,  31 
icere,  etymology  of  the  word,  288,  336 
icbfield  and  Coventry,  Nicholas,  Bishop  of,  328,  375 
.light  (Col.  William),  his  publications,  85 
~~  incoln  civic  insignia :  Mayor's  ring,  387,  436 
incoln  ecclesiastical  inventory,  388,  435 
incolnshire  saying:  "  I  see  you  come  from  Bardney," 
145 

indsay  (C.  L.)  on  English  Crown  jewel,  429 
inhope  on  'The  Streets  of  London,'  428 
lino  on  wooden  fonts,  254 
Lisbon,  English  burial-ground  at,  34,  135 
Liisbons,  used  in  bookbinding,  309 
Little  family  of  Ealstead,  arms  and  crest,  248 
Little  (W.  F.)  on  Little  of  Halstead,  248 
Living  skeleton  at  Egyptian  Hall,  Piccadilly,  451 
Lloyd  (L.)  on  heraldic  mottoes,  92 
Parishes,  small,  194 
Tyrrell  family,  133 
Llyd  on  Statutes  of  Merton,  195 
Loggan  (David),  British  mezzotinter,  113 
London,  and  the  Municipal  Corporations   Act,  $24, 
134, 175  ;  Lord  Mayors  of,  1821  and  1830-40,  148f; 
Rocque's  and  Horwood's  maps,  187,  274,  353j- 
London,.  Dickensian,  illustrations  of,  453 
London  Bridge  theatre,  28 
London  cemeteries  in  1860,  56,  133,  454 
London  houses,  ancient,  329 
London  street-names,  181,  254 
Long  Bredy,  Dorset,  documents  relating  to,  450 
Longman,  barrel-organ  builder  of  Cheapside,  348,  473 
Loom,  painting  of  a  wooden,  dated  1586,  308 
Lord  Mayors  of  London,  1821  and  1830-40,  148 
Louis  XIV.,  his  heart  eaten,  336 
Loutherbourgh  (J.  P.  de),  his  paintings,  93 
Love  ales,  temp.  Elizabeth,  449 
Luc,  a  kind  of  animal,  188 
Lucas  families,  168,  233 
Lucas  (P.  D.)  on  Lucas  families,  168 

Penny  wares  wanted,  98 
Lucis  on  "  God  called  up  from  dreams,"  115 
Luders  (Alexander),  'D.N.B.'  on,  306 
Ludlow  Castle,  a  parish,  374 
Lulach,  King  of  Scotland,  his  descendants,  490 
Lumb  (G.  D.)  on    D.N.B.'  and  '  Index  and  Epitome,' 

205 

English  Burial-ground  at  Lisbon,  34 
Thoresby  (Ralph),  393 
Lundy  Island,  pirates'  abode,  469 
Luther  family,  27,  176,  272 
Luther  (Martin),  bis  '  Commentary  on  the  Galatians/ 

229  ;  '  Faithful  Admonition,'  May,  1554,  484 
Lyceum  Theatre,  its  history  and  demolition,  45,  132 
Lvly  (J.),  his  '  Euphues  and  his  England,'  366 
Lynde  family,  309,  417 
Lynn  (W.  T.)  on  Cape  Hoorn,  466 
Comet  in  1580,  74 
Easter  Day  and  the  full  moon,  281 
Gustavus  Adolphus  and  Tycho's  star,  346 
'Hamlet' :  Rosencrantz  »nd  Guildenstern,  184 
Statues  in  London,  448 
Sunset  at  Washington,  154 
Weeping  willow,  247 
Lyons,  pictures  in  museum  at,  7 
Lytton  quotation  :  "A  thousand  workmen  toiled,"  487 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  29,  1905. 


INDEX. 


517 


M.  on  Goethe  and  book-keeping,  414 

Queen  of  Duncan  II.,  257 
M.A.Oxon.  on  JSlian,  89 

Florida,  9 
M.  (D.)  on  Besant,  28 

Byron  and  Greek  grammar,  188 
Essay,  148 

"  Our  lives  are  songs,"  249 
"  Warm  summer  sun,"  288 
M.  (E.)  on  Shotley  wills,  1463-1538,  2 
M.  (G.  B.)  on  Sir  Thomas  Cornwallis,  135 
M.  (H.  A.  St.  J.)  on  the  mussuk,  13 
"Naked  Boy  and  Coffin,"  213 
Yealls :  Brewetts,  449 

M.  (J.)  on  "God  called  up  from  dreams,"  49 
M.  (N.)  &  A.  on  Lundy  Island,  469 
Pig  hanging  a  man,  50 
St.  Julian's  Pater  Noster,  309 
M.  (P.)  on  Miller  of  Hide  Hall,  328 
M.  (R.  J.)  on  Wordsworth's  Highland  girl,  309 
M.  (W.  H.)  on  palindrome,  249 
M.  (W.  J.)  on  extraordinary  tide  in  the  Thames,  47 
Maas  (Dr.  M.)  on  'Paradise  Lost,'  of  1751,  134 

Shakespeariana,  426 

Mac  and  O..  prefixes  prohibited  in  Ireland,  15 
Macaulay  (Lord),  error  with  regard  to  Plassey,  405 
McChesney  (C.  H.)  on  Shakespeare's  pall-bearers,  204 
MacDonagh  (M.)  on  Sarah  Curran,  Robert  Emmet, 

and  Major  Sirr,  470 

Macdonough  (Felix  Bryan),  his  biography,  98 
MacErlean  surname,  249 
McGovern  ( J.  B. )  on  Sir  James  Cotter,  167 
Danteiana,  482 

De  Tabley  (Lord)  and  '  N.  &  Q.,'  147 
Gladstone  as  playwright,  89 
Ruskin  at  Neuchatel,  93 
Maclean  (A.)  on  Walker  family,  8 
MacLulich  (J.  M.)  on  Lulach,  King  of  Scotland,  490 
MacMichael  (J.  H.)  on  "A  shoulder  of  mutton  brought 

home  from  France, "  255 
All  Fools'  Day,  416 
Balances  or  scales,  273 
.  Beating  the  bounds,  293 
Bringing  in  the  Yule  "clog,"  11,  155 
"  Broken  heart,"  78 
"Call  a  spade  a  spade,"  217 
Christmas  bibliography,  32 
Christmas  carols  :  waits  :  guisers,  10 
Christmas  custom  in  Somersetshire,  236 
Coliseums  old  and  new,  190 
Compter  Prison,  254 
•"  Cut  the  loss,"  156 
Diving-bell,  350 
Dobbin,  children's  game,  237 
Duelling  in  England,  16 
"  February  fill  dyke,"  314 
Heraldic,  154 
Heraldic  mottoes,  92 
Horseshoes  for  luck,  214 
Indian  kings,  449 
Japan,  its  antiquity,  414 
King's  Cock-Grower,  312 
Legenvre,  437 
Lines  on  a  mug,  435 
London  houses,  ancient,  329 
.    Loutherbourgh,  93 


MacMichael  (J.  H.)  on  masons'  marks,  296 
Moxhay  (Mr.),  395 
"  Naked  Boy  and  Coffin,"  156 
Nelson  Column,  368 
Palindrome,  310 
Parsloe's  Hall,  Essex,  490 
Pawnbroker's  sign  and  the  Medici  arms,  330 
Penny  wares  wanted,  312 
Picking  up  scraps  of  iron,  398 
"  Pop  goes  the  weasel,"  492 
Sack,  434 
St.  Sepulchre,  173 
Satan's  autograph,  354 
Southwold  Church,  369 
Straw-plaiting,  413 

Tarleton  and  the  sign  of  "The  Tabor,"  73 
Three  tailors  of  Tooley  Street,  35 
"  To  have  a  month's  mind,"  54 
"Walkyn  Silver,"  95 
Wooden  fonts,  253 
"  Wrong  side  of  the  bed,"  474 
McPike  (E.  F.)  on  bibliographical  queries,  473 
Bibliographies,  243 
Halley  surname,  447 
'  Notes  and  Queries,'  local,  108 
Millikin-Entwisle  families,  6 
'  Yankee  Doodle,'  24 

Macray  (W.  D.)  on  Sir  Abraham  Shipman,  197 
Madden's  (Sir  F.),  edition  of  '  Havelock  the  Dane,'  429 
Maid  of  Kent,  Holy,  25 
Maiden  in  British  place-names,  329,  394,  477 
Mair  and  Burnet  families,  149 
Maiden,  Maiden  Lane  at,  329,  394,  477 
Malet  (Sir  Charles)  and  Warren  Hastings,  28 
Malet  (Sir  E.)  on  Wace  on  the  battle  of  Hastings,  456 
Malet  (Col.  H.)  on  Warren  Hastings  and  Sir  Charles 

Malet,  28 

Malta,  military  execution  in  1861,  304,  375 
Vlan,  Bishop  of,  imprisoned,  57 
Vfangan  (James  Clarence),  his  translation  of  Schiller's 

'  Hope,'  5 

kfanuel's  '  Count  Lucanor  and  the  Invisible  Cloth,'  240 
tfany,  pronunciation  of  the  word,  322,  393 
Marcham  (F.)  on  bibliographies,  316 

Hollicke  or  Holleck,  Middlesex,  387 
Lyly's  '  Euphues  and  his  England,'  366 
Norden's  '  Speculum  Britanniae,'  450 
Vlarcham  (W.  McB.)  on  Chester  Plea  Rolls,  494 
Marchant  (F.  P. )  on  blood  used  in  building,  35 
Bringing  in  the  Yule  "clog,"  156 
Cech  language,  202 

English  officials  under  foreign  Governments,  131 
Holborn,  234 

Human  sacrifices  :  ghosts,  498 
Gold  v.  silver,  175 
Rogestvensky,  356 
Russian  names,  256 
largerison  (S.)  on  Stratford  residents  in  eighteenth 

century,  187 

darks  (A.)  on  lines  on  a  mug,  228 
tfarks(J.  A.)  on  eighteenth-century  and  older  plays,  48 
<farmont  family,  189,  251 
laro  on  split  infinitive,  95,  211 

Vulgate,  248 
Carriage  licences,  Surrey,  c.  1760-1820,  326 
Marriage  Service  in  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  7,  74 


518 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  29, 1905. 


Marriages,  portraits  which  have  led  to,  287,  334,  377 
Marriott  (Hev.  Randolph)  =  Diana  Fielding,  88,  193 
Marsh,  pronounced  mash  or  mesh  in  the  South,  313 
Marsham-Townsbend  (P.)  on  Egyptian  Hall,  452 
Marston  (E.)  on  pillion  :  flails,  434 
Martello  towers,  193,  252,  313 
Martin  (Mary  Biilliana)  =  Col.  John  Wall,  232 
Martin  (W.)  on  Hand,  98 

Treasure-trove,  182 

Martindale  (J.  A.)  on  "  Walkyn  Silver,"  29 
Marvell  (Andrew),  his  '  Poems  and  Satires,'  47 
Mary,  Queen  of  Scots :  letter  of  1562,  325 
Mash,  mesh,  or  marsh,  use  of  the  word,  313 
Maskyl),  the  term  "tonne  maskyll,"  in  1432,  107 
Mason  (C.)  on  birth  at  sea  in  1805,  13 

Calvert(Sir  W.),  38 

De  Morgan  :  Turville,  312 

Egyptian  Hall,  Hccadilly,  452 

English  Crown  jewel,  494 

Marriott  (Rev.  Randolph),  88 

Panignano  (Count  A.  de) :  Holloway,  8 

Parish  documents  :  their  preservation,  36 

Villiers  (George),  Duke  of  Buckingham,  109 
Mason     (Charles),    Royalist     divine,    and    Viscount 

Bellomont,  388 

Masons'  marks,  228,  296,  332,  354 
Mass,  solitary,  and  the  Roman  Church,  8,  95 
Masters  (Mary),  poetess  and  friend  of  Dr.  Johnson, 

404,  474 

Matilda  (Queen)  and  Hugo  de  Burgh,  legend  of,  408 
Matthews  (A.)  on  diving-bell,  349 

Tandem,  146,  454 

"To  have  a  month's  mind,"  54 
Matthews  (J.  H.)  on  battlefield  sayings,  35 

•Steer  to  the  Nor'-Nor'-West,'  13 
Maxwell  family  of  Ardwell,  389 

Maxwell  (General),  bis  letters  from  Sebastopol,  21, 104 
May  Day,  two  poetical  tracts  on,  344 
May  dewing,  observance  of  the  custom,  429,  477 
Mayers'  song,  75 
Mayhew  (A.  L.)  on  dreary,  405 
Maze  at  Seville,  54,  76 

Meauty  (Sir  Thos.),  monument  to  Bacon  erected  by,  31 6 
Medal  issued  by  James  II.,  329,  876 
Medal,  Messianic,  489 
Medals,  war,  best  books  on,  247,  315 
Mediaeval  clothing,  346 

Medici  arms  and  pawnbroker's  sign,  207,  330 
Medicines,  patent,  defined,  86,  175 
Mediculus  on  blood-funkeis,  29 

Broken  heart,  9 

"  By  hook  or  by  crook,"  409 

"Gospel  of  fatness,"  49 

"  Pop  goes  the  weasel,"  430 

Wedding-ring  finger,  236 
Melville  (Whyte),  lines  by,  408 

Men,  self-made,  list  in  Wroughton  House,  Wilts,  426 
Mentor  on  "  Blancs  Chaperons  "  at  Ghent,  390 

"  Wharncliffe  Meeting,"  367 
Mercury  in  Tom  Quad,  Oxford,  32,  97 
Merewether  (Hy.  A Iworth),  Town  Clerk  of  London, 447 
Merrick(W.  P.)  on  Norfolk  folk-songs,  452 
Merritt  (E.  P.)  on  Mrs.  Thrale   and  Johnson's  '  In 

Theatre,'  161 

Merry  :  "God  rest  you  merry,"  49,  116 
Merton,  Statutes  of,  8,  195 


Mervarid  on  Allen,  208 

Messianic  medal,  489 

Meynell  Langley,  Derbyshire,  and  the  Francis  family, 

270,  331 

Mezzotinters,  British,  113 
Michell  (G.  B.)  on  heraldic,  409 
Middleton  (J.)  and  Cripplegate water  supply,  1483, 109 
Military  execution  in  1861  at  Malta,  304,  375 
Millar  (G,  H.),his  'Geography,'  169 
Miller  family  of  Hide  Hall,  328,  376 
Miller  (E.)  on  Major  John  Miller,  389 
Miller  (Major  John),  f.  1 670,  his  descendant?,  389 
Millikin-Entwisle  families,  6 
Milton  (John),   1751   edition  of  '  Paradise  Lost,'   68, 

133  ;    supposed     portrait     at     Christ's    College, 

Cambridge,  127 

Minimus,  a  cab  in  1845,  76,  137 
Mint,  royal,  at  Leeds,  Yorkshire,  489 
Miranda  on  Major  Monro,  487 
'  Missal,  The,'  picture  in  the  New  Gallery,  469 
Mitchell  (C.  J.)  on  war  medals,  247 
'Modern  London,'  1804,  its  value,  169 
Mohammed,  his  will,  368 
Moliere,  verse  translations,  55 

Monaci  (Dr.  Ernesto),  his  '  Crestomazia  Italians,'  447 
Monckton  (L.)  on  police  uniforms  :  omnibuses,  75 
Money  values  in  Shakespeare's  time,  288 
Monmouth  Street  of  literature,  the  phrase,  188,  252 
Monro  (Major),  his  duel  with  Mr.  Fawcett,  487 
Montfort  (P.)  on  Haswell  family,  225,  477 
Lynde :  Delalynde,  309 
Mountfort  (Simon  and  Simon  S. ),  489 
Pereehouse  :  Sabine,  167 
Persebouse  (Peter),  469 
Montrose  (Farl  of),  at  St.  Andrews,  8 
Monument :   "  A  man  ran  away  with  the  Monument," 

255 
Moon,   Easter  day  and  the  full,    281 ;    star  in  the 

crescent,  489 

Moore  (B.  C.)  on  police  uniforms  :  omnibuses,  136 
Moore  (Thomas)  and  Byron,  parallel  passages,  406 
Moravia  (Alexander  de),  c.  1089-1150,  311 
Moreton  (R,  L.)  on  John  Butler,  M.P.  for  Sussex,  311 
Lady,  unmarried,  her  coat  of  arms,  398 
'  Northampton  Mercury,'  94 
Queen's  surname,  412 
Morgan  (David),  Jacobite,  28 
Morris  (M.  C.  F.)  on  Nunburnholme  Priory,  407 
Moscow  campaign,  best  book  on,  167,  212 
Moser  (Joseph),  bis  '  Vestiges,'  128,  195 
Mosley  (Thomas),  suggested  improvement  for  Waterloo 

Bridge,  105 

Motor  index  marns,  153 
Mottoes,  heraldic,  49,  92,  111,  235;  "Je  ne  viens- 

qu'en  mourant,"  50  ;  "  Futura  piasteritip/'  227 
Mountfort  (Simon),  of  Gray's  Inn,  1710-11,  489 
Mountfort  (Simon   Smyth),    matiiculated  at  Oxford, 

1799,  489 
Moxhay  (Mr.),  his  connexion  with  Leicester  Square, 

307,  357,  395,  474 
Mozart,  portrait  by  Zoffany,  487 
Mugs,  lines  on,  228,  353,  435,  498 
Muir  (H.  S. )  on  epigram  on  a  rose,  370 
Mundy  (P.  D.)  on  Dryden's  sisters,  377 
Mungoose,  etymology  of  the  word,  205 
Municipal  documents,  c.  1835,  50 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  29,  1905. 


INDEX. 


519 


Murray  (J.  A.  H.)  on  perficient,  68 

Pent,  166 

Permission  cap,  147 

"Persona  grata,"  448 

Philippina :  philopcena,  406 

Murray  (R.)  on  police  uniforms  :  omnibuses,  137 
Music  in  country  churches,  185,  253 
Mussuk,  skin  for  swimming  rivers,  13 
Muswell  Hill,  its  locality,  387,  436 
Myddelton  (T.  C.)  on  "February  fill  dyke,"  333 
Myers  (J.  B.)  on  Baptist  Confession  of  Faith,  116 
Nail  and  clove,  the  words  as  measures,  41,  134,  231 
"Naked  Boy  and  Coffin,"  old  City  sign,  67,  156,  213 
Nalson  (John),  and  the  '  D.N.B.,'  205 
Name,  Christian,  addition  to,  328,  374,  416 
Name  coincidences,  466 
Names,  Russian  proper,  465 
National  Anthem,  variation  in  opening  lines,  108 
Navy  Office  Seal,  329,  398 
Nebog£tov  (Admiral),  meaning  of  his  name,  465 
Neil  (J.  C.)  on  James  Clarence  Mangan,  5 
Nelson  Column,  its  dimensions,  368,  456 
Nelson  (Lord)  in  fiction,  26,  77,  116,  294 
Nettle  day,  its  observance,  446 
Neuchatel,  Ruskin  at,  93 
Nevill  (R.  A.)  on  Guidot,  489 
New  Year's  Eve  in  Baskish,  86 

Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  actors  whipped  at,  in  1656,  113 
Newland:     "Abraham    Newland,    London,"     on    a 

watch,  89 
Newman   (Cardinal)  in   Boylesve's    '  L 'Enfant  K  la 

Balustrade,'  147 

Newman  (Rev.  Thomas),  0.  1721-5,  28 
Newport  (Capt.  Chris.),  temp.  Queen  Elizabeth,  467 
Newspaper  editions,  287 
'Newspaper   Press   Directory,'  its  diamond  jubilee, 

241,  261 

Newton  (E.  E.)on  great  hollow  elm,  Hampstead,  257 
E  icholas,  Bishop  of  Coventry  and  Lichfield,  328,  375 
Nicholson  (E.)  on  blood  used  in  building,  76 

Nail  and  the  clove,  41,  231 

Prescriptions,  156 

Nield  (J.)  on  Nelson  in  fiction,  77,  116 
Ninths,  levied  for  war  purposes,  389,  454 
Noble  (M.  E.)  on  Hamlet  Watling,  154 
Noorden  (C.  Van)  on  London  Bridge  Theatre,  28 
Norden  (J.),  his  'Speculum  Britannise,'  450 
Nore,  etymology  of  the  place-name,  427 
Norfolk  folk-songs,  365,  452 
Norgate  (F.)  on  Count  A.dePanignano:  Holloway,94 

Walker  family,  57 

Norman  inscriptions  in  Yorkshire,  349,  397,  476 
Norman  :  Oldmixon  :  Benjamin  Blake,  15,  98 
Norman  (John),  of  Bideford,  his  biography,  229 
Noiman  (P.)  on  "  Old  Bell"  Inn,  Holborn  Hill,  430 
Noiman  (W.)  on  Lamb  in  place-names,  149 

Raleigh's  '  Historic  of  the  World,'  127 

Seal,  mediaeval,  450 

Southwold  Church,  figures  and  emblems,  370 

Stratford  residents  in  eighteenth  century,  256 
Nonis  (H.)  on  '  Suffolk  Mercury,'  88 
North  (P.)  on  police  uniforms:  omnibuses,  29 
North  (W.)  on  quentery  or  quaintry,  289 
'Northampton  Mercury,'  its  history,  5,  94,  137 
'Notes  and  Queries,'  local,  108,  255,  393,  498 
'N.  &  Q.,'  Lord  de  Tabley's  contributions,  147 


'  Notes  on  the  Book  of  Genesis,'  by  C.  H.  M.,  50,  96 

Nottinghamshire,  translation  of  Domesday  for,  167 

Novell!  (Annibale),  his  plagiarism,  364 

Number-men,  use  of  the  term,  66 

Nunburnholme  Priory,  c.  1537,  407 

Nursery  rimes :  An  old  woman  went  to  market,  10, 
74,  271,  377;  A  shoulder  of  mutton  brought  home 
from  France,  255,  455  ;  Pop  goes  the  weasel,  430, 
491 

Nut,  Souwarrow,  etymology  of  the  word,  447 

O  or  Mac  before  Irish  surnames,  1 5 

0.  (B.  P.)  on  Besant,  155 

O.  (E.  H.  C.)  on  'Capt.  Thos.  Stukeley,'  301,  342,  382- 

Oakapple  Day,  its  observance,  446 

Gates  (J.)  on  '  D.N.B.'  and  'Index  and  Epitome,'  276- 
'  Lass  of  Richmond  Hill,'  334 
Mint  at  Leeds,  Yorkshire,  489 
Pawnbroker's  sign  and  the  Medici  arms,  207 

Gates  (Titws),  administration  of  his  effects,  1705,  125 

Obituaries : — 

Bedford  (Rev.  William  Kirkpatrick  Riland),  120 

Blasbill  (Thomas),  120 

Charnock  (Dr.  R.  S.),  262 

Drake  (Henry  Holman),  140,  165 

Rae  (W.  Fraser),  80 

Shore  (T.  W.),  80 

Vincent  (John  Amyatt  Chaundy),  358 
Oldenbuck  (Aldobrand)  on  Burns's  letters  to  George- 
Thomson,  213 

Oldmixon :  Norman  :  Benjamin  Blake,  15,  98 
Oliver  (A.)  on  anchorites'  dens,  235 
Olympia,  laurel  crowns  at,  87 
Omar  Khayyam  and  Oriental  prosody,  121 
Omnibus,  its  history,  29,  75,  136,  432 
One  :  "A  bad  one,"  use  of  the  phrase,  151 
O'Neill  (The),  on  faded  handwriting,  88 
Ophelia,  derivation  of  the  name,  249 
Opposition:  "His   Majesty's   Opposition,"  originator 

of  the  phrase,  486 
Orange-peel,  catapults  for,  26 
Orfeur  (C.  N.)  on  Buse  surname,  309 
Oriel,  its  use  in  English  architecture,  126 
Ostrich  eggs  at  Burgos,  Spain,  191,  336 
Quid  (S.  G.)  on  solitary  Mass,  95 
Outsetter,  use  of  the  terra,  264,  317 
Owen  (J.  P.)  on  Sir  Thos.  Phillipps  and  his  library, 4 62 
Oxberry  (J.)  on  Thomas  Cooper,  270 
Oxford,   image   of  Mercury  in   Tom  Quad,  32,  97  'T 
inscription  at  Jesus  College,  149  ;  Oxford  Univer- 
sity, origin  of  Bidding  Prayer,  168,  233  ;  blind  man 
at,  c.  1860,  348  ;  and  Bishop  Waynflete,  461 
P.  (A.  S.)  on  gold  v.  silver,  108 
P.  (F.)  on  Bridger's  Hill,  189,  338 

Cureton's  Multanis,  318 

Licence  and  license,  31 
P.  (F.  E.)  on  Caledonian  Coffee-house,  189 
P.  (G.)  on  Parker  family,  470 
P.  (H.  P.)  on  wooden  fonts,  169 
P.  ( J.  B. )  on  Patrick  Bell,  Laird  of  Antermony,  12 
P.  (M.)on  pillion,  267 
P.  (M.  G.  W.)  on  weathercock,  334 
P.  (0.)  on  undertaker,  188,  274 
P.  (0.  S.)  on  Holborn  and  Bloomsbury,  269 
P.  (R.  B.)  on  copving  press,  414 

Economist,  sixteenth- century,  472 


520 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  29,  1906. 


P.  (R.  B.)  on  foot-warmers  in  church,  307 

Longman,  barrel-organ  builder,  Gheapside,  473 
Nelson  Column,  457 

Salisbury,  Marquis  of,  in  Fitzroy  Square,  5 
Theatre  in  Rawstorne  Street,  Clerkenwell,  329 
"  Vine  "  Inn,  Highgate  Road,  235 
Windsor  Castle  sentry,  310 
P.  (V.  D.)  on  our  Grandees  of  Spain,  481 
P.  (W.  E.)  on  chemist  of  the  future,  408 
P.  (W.  R.)  on  Danish  surnames,  137 
Page  (J.  T.)  on  All  Fools'  Day,  416 
Bacon  or  Usher!   234 
Badges,  407 

Baptist  Confession  of  Faith,  455 
Beating  the  bounds,  390 
Bigg,  the  Dinton  hermit,  285,  376 
Bloomfield  ( Robert),  47 

"Bright  chanticleer  proclaims  the  dawn,"  276 
Church  music,  253 
Coliseums  old  and  new,  191 
Compter  Prison,  254 
Diving-bell,  415 

England,  English  :  their  pronunciation,  393 
English  burial-ground  at  Lisbon,  34 
Epitaphs,  their  bibliography,  114,  437 
Flaying  aliva,  153 
Guardingg,  476 

Halls  of  the  City  Companies,  294 
Heacham  parish  officers,  37 
Horseshoes  for  luck,  9 
Irish  folk-lore,  313 

James  II.,  inscription  on  his  statue,  57 
'  Lass  of  Richmond  Hill,'  352 
London  cemeteries  in  1860,  133 
Martello  towers,  193,  252 
Mayers'  song,  75 
Moxhay  (Mr.),  474 
Nelson  Column,  456 
•*  Northampton  Mercury,'  5,  137 
Parishes,  small,  193,  317 
Penny  wares  wanted,  17 
Pillion :  flails,  375 
Police  uniforms  :  omnibuses,  136 
"  Pop  goes  the  weasel,"  491 
Roman  theatre  at  Verulam,  55 
Shacklewell,  414 
Shakespeare's  pall-bearers,  275 
Slates  in  school,  14 
Song  wanted,  212 
Split  infinitive,  52 
'  Streets  of  London,"  476 
Wooden  fonts,  254 

Painting  of  a  wooden  loom,  dated  1589,  308 
Palindrome  :  Sator  arepo  tenet  opera  rotas,  249,  310, 

375 

Pallet  on  Legenvre,  309 
IPalm  Sunday  and  Easter  customs,  304 
Palmer  (A.  Symthe)  on  boast,  486 
Palmer  (J.  Foster)  on  Dr.  James  Barry,  313 
H,  its  use  or  omission,  156 
Philippina:  philopoena,  471 
"  Pop  goes  the  weasel,"  491 
Queen's  surname,  114,  351 
Pamlico  or  Pamplico  Indians,  254 
(Pancake  Day  celebrations  in  Midland  villages,  225,331 
Panignana  (Count  A.  de),  his  MSS.,  8,  94 


Pantomimes  by  T.  C.  Croker,  269 
'arallel  passages  :  Woman,  Heaven's  second  thought, 
67;  Byron  and  Moore,  406  ;  Barns  and  Young,  466 
Pardoe  (A.)  on  Irish  folk-lore,  313 
'  Pardoning  out,"  Midland  custom  on  Shrove  Tuesday, 

226 

Parish  Clerk,  the  office  of,  17 
Parish  Clerks'  Hall,  87,  171,  294 
Jarish  constables,  their  duties,  37 

ish  documents,  their  preservation,  36 
'arish  registers  of  Tottenham,  226 
Parishes,  small,  128,  193,  274,  317,  331,  374 
Jarisot  (Madame),  ballet-dancer,  her  portrait,  208 
arker  family,  470 
Parker  (E.  J.)  on  Felix  Bryan  Macdonough,  98 

arkgate  Theatre,  it*  locality,  289,  355,  397,  457 
Parkins  (Joseph  Wilfred),  Sheriff  of  London,  108,  157, 

213 

Parks  (W.  H.)  on  song  wanted,  169 
Parliamentary  quotation,  206,  294,  494 
"arsloes,  Essex,  its  history,  430,  490 
Partridge  family  of  Shotley,  wills  and  marriages,  4 
Patching  (J.)  on  beating  the  bounds,  293 
Patent  medicines,  definition  in  '  H.E.D.,'  86,  175 
Patents  of  precedence,  90,  151 
Pater  Noster  of  St.  Julian,  809,  393 
Paton  (H.)  on  Patrick  Bell,  Laird  of  Antermony,  12 
Patterson  (W.  H.)  on  Abraham  Newland,  89 

Irish  soil  exported,  394 
Paul  (F.)  on  George  Villiers,  Duke  of  Buckingham, 

173 
Pavilion    Theatre,    Whitechapel     Road,    and    John 

Farrell,  188,  252 
Pawnbroker's  sign  and  the  Medici  arms,  207,  330 
Peach  (H.  H.)  on  historical  tract,  187 
Verses  :  author  wanted,  70 
Wassail,  10 
Peacock  (0.  M.)  on  Lincolnshire  saying,  145 
Peacock  (E.)  on  ghost- words,  498 
Isle  of  Dogs,  427 
Lincoln  inventory,  388 
Madden's  '  Havelock  the  Dane,'  429 
Twitchel,  351 
Pearshouse  (John)  and  Stratford-on-Avon,  187 
Penny  (F.)  on  blood  used  in  building,  76 
De  Morgan  :  Turville,  311 
St.  Sepulchre,  172 
Turing  :  Bannerman,  316 
Penny  wares  wanted,  16,  98,  235,  312 
Percy  (Hugh),  curious  MS.  volume  by,  28,  97 
Perficient,  use  as  a  noun,  68 
Perit,  a  minute  weight,  its  history,  166,  238 
Permission  cap,  meaning  of  the  term,  147 
Persehouse  family,  167,  251 
Persehouse  (Peter),  Middle  Temple  student,  469 
Perugino's  pictures  stolen  by  the  French  army,  7 
Phelps   (Samuel)  and  theatre  in   Rawstorne    Street, 

Clerkenwell,  329 

'Phenix,'  1707,  its  historical  accuracy,  89 
Philadelphia,  Swedenborgianism  in,  86 
"  Phil  Blia,"  his  identity,  36,  79,  112 
Philippa   (Queen),    d.  1430,  her  tomb   in    Vadstena 

Church,  Norway,  246,  315 

Philippina,  juvenile  diversion,  its  name,  406,  471 
Phillipps  (Sir  Thomas)  and  his  library,  462 
Phillips  (W.)  on  Audience  Meadow,  493 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  29,  1905. 


INDEX. 


521 


Philopcena,  juvenile  diversion,  its  name,  406,  471 
Phinn  (C.  P.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  75 
Phipps  (B.  W.)  on  Marmont  family,  251 

Twitchel,  351 
Phoenix.     See  Phenix. 

Photographs  and  lantern  slides,  their  registration,  85 
Piccadilly,  the  Egyptian  Hall,  163,  236,  297,  334,  411 
Pkkford  (J.)  on  anchorites'  dens,  293,  391 

Bigg,  the  Dinton  hermit,  286 

Coliseums  old  and  new,  54,  191 

Colosseum  v.  Coliseum,  267. 

'  Coryate's  Crudities,'  426 

Cureton's  Multanis,  269 

Curran  (Sarah),  B.  Emmet,  and  Major  Sirr,  47] 

Douce  (Francis),  313 

Duelling  in  England,  475 

Inscriptions  at  San  Sebastian,  433 

Langley  Mevnell :  Sir  Eobert  Francis,  331 

'  Lats  of  Kichmond  Bill,'  497 

Lepel  (Molly),  her  descent,  254 

Mercury  in  Tom  Quad,  97 

"Mr.  Pilblister  and  Betsy  his  sister,"  16 

Parkgate  Theatre,  397 

Pillion  :  flails,  434 

St.  Sepulchre,  295 

Satan's  autograph,  415 

Saxton  family,  of  £axton,  co.  York,  334 

Undertaker,  273 

Vadstena  Church,  Norway,  246 
Pickwick,  c.  1280,  447 
Pictures  in  Lyons  Museum,  7 
Pierpoint  (B.)  on  "An  old  woman  went  to  market,"  271 

Authors  and  their  first  books,  297 
Bibliographical  noteson  DickensandThackeray,337 

Bigg,  the  Dinton  hermit,  435 

Blood  used  in  building,  114 

Bonaparte  and  England,  408 

Dettingen  trophies,  68 

Dickeneian  London,  453 

Duelling  in  England,  475 

English  burial-ground  at  Lisbon,  135 

English  officials  under  foreign  Governments,  415 

"Gutta  cavat  lapidem  non  vi  sed  tsepe  cadendo,"47 

James  II.,  inscription  on  bis  statue,  15 

"  Poeta  nascitur  non  fit,"  433 

Pseudonyms,  287 

Eussian  and  Japanese  communications,  417 

Shakespeariana,  184 

Tacitus  translated  by  Greenwey  and  Savile,  488 
Pig  hanging  a  man,  story  of,  50 
Pigott  (W.  J.)  on  Sir  George  Davies,  Bart.,  469 

Warren  (Richard),  60 
Pillions,  their  use,  267,  338,  433 
Pimlico,  derivation  of  the  name,  182,  254 
Pinchbeck  family,  421 

Pink  (W.  D.)  on  Sir  Thomas  Crompton,  329 
Pins  used  as  a  charm,  106 

Pitt-Lewis  (G.)  on  'Love's  Labour's  Lost,'  265 
Place-names,  Lamb  in,  109,  149,  294  :  American, 188, 

276,  333 

Plagiarism  on  a  large  scale,  363 
Plassey,  error  in  Macaulay's  essay  on  Clive,  405 
Platea  (Franciscus  de),  his  '  Eestitutiones,'  108,  194 
Platt  (Isaac   Hull)  on  Polonius  and  Lord  Burleigh  : 
Cecil  and  Moutano,  305,  416 

Shakespeariana,  426 


Platt  (J.),  Jun.,  on  Algonquin  element  in  English,  77 
American  place-names,  276 
Anvari,  Persian  poet,  166 
Besant,  196 

Brian  Boru  :  Concobar,  307 
Carnegie,  its  pronunciation,  487 
Chinook  jargun,  106 
Griffith  and  Cre  Fydd,  448 
Indian  kings,  497 
Kamranh  Bay,  365 
Letters,  their  names,  277 
London  street  names,  254 
MacErlean  suman.r,  249 
Mungoose,  205 
Omar's  prosody,  121 
Pompelmous,  191 
Bogestven&ky,  396 
Satan's  autogiaph,  268 
Shicer  and  thicker,  345 
Skunk,  386 
Souwarrow  nut,  447 
Thunder  folk-lore,  408 
Tigernacus,  318 
Totem,  27 
Tourmaline,  66,  152 
Tsarskoe  Selo,  its  pronunciation,  146 
Verschoyle  :  Folden,  115 
Vixens  and  drunkenness,  437 
Voivode,  266 
Wapiti,  29 

Plays,  eighteenth-century  and  older,  48 
Plea  Bolls  of  Chester,  their  publication,  388,  494 
Poet  Laureate  read  at  head  of  troops,  345 
Poels,  Agnostic,  38 

Poland  (Sir  H.  B.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  335 
Polar  inhabitants,  their  folk-lore,  30 
Police  uniforms  in  London,  29,  75,  136,  432 
Polish  roval  genealogy,  429 
Pollard  (H.  P.)  on  Hertfordshire  iconoclast,  168 
Masons'  marks,  332 
Pancake  day,  331 
St.  Nicholas's,  Hertford,  406 
Pollard  (M.)  on  Norman  inscriptions  in  Yorkshire,  397" 

Shacklewell,  353 
Pollard-Urquhart   (Col.  F.  E.  K.)   on  Charles   I.   in 

Spain,  236 

Colenso  (Bishop),  251 
Marriage  Service,  74 

Portraits  which  have  led  to  marriages,  435 
Polonius  and  Lord  Burleigh,  305,  416 
Pompelmous  or  pompelmoose,  its  etymology,  168,  191,. 

256,  331 
Poole  (M.  E.)   on    Langley   Meynell :    Sir    Eobert 

Francis,  332 

Poole  (W.  L.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  88 
Battlefield  sayings,  35 
Phrases,  seventeenth-century,  371 
Portraits  which  have  led  to  marriages, 287,  334, 377,435' 
'ostage  stamps,  used,  400 
3otato  rings,  Irish,  149 
Potter  (G.)  on  Cromer  Street,  375 

Elm,  great  hollow,  at  Hampstead,  187 
Powell  (Thomas),  his  address  to  Francis  Bacon,  106 
'rattenton  family  pedigree,  488 
'rayer  for  twins,  428 
Jrayer-Book,  American,  208 


522 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  29,  1905. 


Precedence,  patents  of,  90,  151 

Prerogative  Court  of  Canterbury  Will  Registers,  488 

Prescriptions,  derivation  of  symbols,  156 

Prickle-bat,  its  various  names,  5 

Pride,  used  as  a  verb,  186 

Prideaux  (Archdeacon  Humphrey),  hia  'Directions  to 

Churchwardens,'  264,  317 
Prideaux  (Col.  W.  F.)  on  Bacon  or  Usher?  165 

Bibliographical  notes  on  Dickens  and  Thackeray, 
22,  131 

Bibliographical  queries,  292 

Brayley's  '  Londiniana,'  406 

Coliseums  old  and  new,  53,  496 

Egyptian  Ball,  Piccadilly,  451 

Fleet  Street,  Jacobean  houses  in,  250;  No.  53,  493 

Hollicke  or  Holleck,  co.  Middlesex,  435 

London  cemeteries  in  1860,  56 

London  street-names,  181 

Martello  towers,  252 

Saxton  family,  of  Saxton,  co.  York,  175 

Sheridan's  '  Critic,'  345 

Split  infinitive,  17, 150,  295 

Swedish  royal  family,  456 

"  The"  as  part  of  title,  115 

Willesden,  the  place-name,  275 

Wotton's  letters,  805 
Prideaux  (W.  R.  B.)  on  Cicero's  busts,  205 

Cranmer's  library,  24 

Egyptian  Hall,  Piccadilly,  451 

Sirpi  (Father  Paul)  in  English  literature,  232 
Prisoners,  their  clothes  as  perquisites,  1678,  369,  472 
*  Private  History  of  the  C  jurt  of  England,'  by  Mrs. 

S.  Green,  key  to,  321 

Privilege  and  sacrilege,  use  of  the  words,  268 
Progressive,  as  a  party  term,  67 
Prosopoyall,  use  of  the  word  by  Montaigne,  86 
Proverbial  phrases,  French,  203 
Proverbs  and  Phrases  : — 

Born  on  Holy  Thursday,  and  idle,  287 

Broken  heart,  9,  77,  132 

By  hook  or  by  crook,  409 

Call  a  spade  a  spade,  169,  217 

Cock-and-bull  story,  268,  334 

Cut  the  loss,  69,  156 

Dun  is  in  the  mire,  11,  57,  155 

Eau  bdnite  de  cour,  204 

Etre  n6  coifite,  203 

February  fill  dyke,  248,  314,  333 

Fortune  favours  fools,  14 

God  rest  you  merry,  49,  116 

God  yow,  389 

Gospel  of  fatness,  49 

Hungry  forties,  87 

In  the  straw,  280 

Jolly  as  a  sandboy,  260 

Mad  as  a  hatter,  20 

Monmouth  Street  of  literature,  188,  252 

Month's  mind  :  to  have  a  month's  mind,  54 

Persona  grata,  448 

Piper :  who  pays  the  piper  calls  the  tune,  468 

Pop  goes  the  weasel,  430,  491 

Pricher  d'exemple,  204 
St.  Pulchre's  boots,  173 

Spaniard's  discipline,  371 

Ugly  rush,  165 

Wrong  side  of  the  bed,  409,  474 


Pseudonym,  "  Gray's  Elegy "  as,  287 

Purdonium,  name  for  coalscuttle,  388,  436 

Pusey  (E.  B.),  and  celebration  of  solitary  Mass,  8,  95 

Pye  (H.  J.),  Poet  Laureate,  read  at  head  of  troops,  345 

Pynchbeke  (Rev.  J.),  of  Colchester,  his  biography,  421 

Q  in  the  '  H.E.D.,'  146 

Quaintry  or  Queatery  family,  289 

Quandary,  its  etymology  and  pronunciation,  4,  217 

Quarter  Sessions,  their  records,  287,  337,  355 

Quarterstaves,  origin  of  the  name,  165,  235 

Queen's  uniform,  420 

Queens,  their  surnames,  114,  174,  351,  412 

Quenington,  Gloucestershire,  Knights  Hospitallers  at, 
489 

Quentery  or  Quaintry  family,  289 

Quin  (James),  memorial  at  Baf,h,  185 

Quirinus  on  con-  contraction,  250 
"Gentle"  Shakespeare,  292 
Tarleton  and  the  sign  of  "The  Tabor,"  7 
Quiz,  The,'  1797,  on  Goldsmith,  49,  152 

Quotations : — 

A  thousand  workmen  toiled  to  build  Versailles, 

487 

Amice,  quisquis  es,  128 
And  has  it  come  to  this  ?  49,  171 
And  thou,  blest  star  of  Europe's  darkest  hour,  83 
As  in  a  gravegarth  count  to  see,  8,  75 
As  she  sat  that  evening  in  her  chamber,  269 
At  the  close  of  the  day,  360 
Be  sure  that  Love  ordained  for  souls  more  meek,  8 
Beating  about   the    bush   without   starting    the 

hare,  88,  171 
Bolt  from  the  blue,  120 

Bright  chanticleer  proclaims  the  dawn,  227,  276 
But  for  the  grace  of  God  there  goes  John  Brad- 
ford, 20,  46 

Che  p  vr  sorriso,  ed  &  dolore,  88 
Conscious  in  life  of  immortality,  489 
Dogmatism  is  puppyism  full  grown,  5,  94 
Do  the  work  that  "s  nearest,  469 
Friend  more  than  servant,  469 
God  called  up  from  dreams,  49,  115 
Greatly  begin  !  though  thou  have  time,  469 
Gutta  cavat  lapidem  non  vi  sed  saepe  cadendo,  47 
He  dropped  the  shuttle  and  the  loom  stood  still, 

469 
He  plucked  off  both  his  wings  and  made  him 

quills,  480 

He  sat  beside  the  lowly  door,  328 
Heart  of  my  heart,  29 
Here  wander  two  beautiful  rivers,  188 
Heu  vitam  perdidi,  operose  nihil  agendo,  88 
Hie  liber  est  in  quo  quaerit,  447 
Humanum  est  errare,  78 
I  sit  with  my  feet  in  a  brook,  408,  498 
If  I  forget,  88 

If  pathos  be  a  sense  of  loss,  88 
In  antient  days  when  Dame  Eliza  reign'd,  468 
In  cauda  venenum,  428,  476 
I  've  no  money,  so  you  see,  469 
L'amour  est  1'histoire  da  la  vie  des  femmes,  148 
Les  grandes  douleurs  sont  muettes,  148 
Let  the  wealthy  and  great,  223,  353,  435 
Leurs  Merits  sont   des   vols  qu'ils  nous  ont  faits 
d'avance,  148,  335 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  29, 1906. 


INDEX. 


523 


Quotations : — 

May  virtue  all  thy  paths  attend,  109 

Mr.  Pilblister  and  Betsy  his  sister,  16 

Mon  verre  n'est  par  grand,  mais  je  bois  dans  mon 

verre,  148,  197 

Needy  knife-grinder,  whither  are  you  going  ?  380 
Nolumus  leges  Anglise  mutare,  8 
0  that  those  lips  had  language  !  128 
Oh  !  the  Pilgrims  of  Zion,  109,  176 
Once  so  merrily  hopt  she,  127 
Our  lives  are  songs,  249 
Poeta  nascitur  non  fit,  433 
Qui  sou  vent  se  pese  bien  se  connait,  348 
Religion  of  all  sensible  men,  80 
Roma  tibi  subito  motions  ibit  amor,  448 
St.  George  to  save  a  maid,  227,  276 
Swayed  by  every  wind  that  blows,  148 
Thanks  are  lost  by  promises  delayed,  148,  835 
That  cook  (I  could  scold  her),  89,  134 
The  breaking  waves  dashed  high,  80 
The  bands  are  such  dear  hands,  229 
The  heart  has  many  a  dwelling-place,  328 
The  hungry  flaes,  294 
The  more  I  know  of  men,  120 
The  waking  cock,  that  airly  crowes,  70,  294 
The  way  was  long  and  weary,  476 
The  world's  a  bubble,  94,  155 
There  is  no  because  in  anything,  88 
There  is  on  earth  a  yet  auguster  thing,  206,  294, 

494 

There  never  was  anything  by  the  wit  of  man,  109 
There  shall  no  tempests  blow,  449 
Though  lost  to  sight,  to  memory  dear,  327 
Though  the  mills  of  God  grind  slowly,  280 
To  see  a  world  in  a  grain  of  sand,  13 
Truth  for  ever  on  the  scaffold,  128 
Un  jour  de  fete,  148 
Yelut  inter  ignes,  Luna  minores,  88 
Voltaire,  quel  que  soit  le  nom  dont  on  le  nomine, 

148 

Warm  summer  sun,  288 
When  our  old  Catholic  fathers  lived,  109,  176 
Write  me  as  one  who  loves  his  fellow-men,  480 

R.  (A.  F.)  on  child  executed  for  witchcraft,  468 
"Monmouth  Street  of  literature,"  188 
Newspaper  editions,  287 

R.  (D.  M. )  on  arms  of  Cumbria,  208 
Luther  family,  272 
Queen  of  Duncan  IT.,  107,  256,  311 

R.  (E.)  on  'Notes  on  the  Book  of  Genesis,'  50 

R.  (E.  S. )  on  firearms  in  the  seventeenth  century,  89 
Eowse  or  Rous,  of  Cransford,  West  Suffolk,  270 

B.  (G.  W.)  on  Longman,  barrel-organ  builder,  348 

R.  (J.)  on  Parliamentary  quotation,  494 

R.  ( J.  F. )  on  Queen  Anne's  last  years,  32 
Satan's  autograph,  357 

R— n  (A.  F.)  on  Dryden's  sisters,  288 

Rabbards  (Ralph),  o.  1591,  his  biography,  389 

Radclitfe  ( J.)  on  Algarva,  ]  94 
Allen,  473 

Anjou,  House  of,  333 
Sorrow's  '  Turkish  Jester,'  335 
Charlemagne's  Roman  ancestors,  433 
Cope  of  Bramshill,  174 
Elm,  great  hollow,  at  Hampstead,  257 
King's  Cock-Crower,  312 


Badcliffe    (J.)    on    Langley    Meynell:     Sir    Robert 
Francis,  332 

Marriott  (Bev.  Bandolpb),  193 

Parkins  (Joseph  Wilfred),  157 

Baleigh's  '  Historic  of  the  World,1  194 

Spratt  family,  313 

Turvile,  454 

Twitchel,  351 

Verschoyle:  Folden,  116 

Badford  (W.  L.)  on  the  Victoria  and  Camperdown,  2<J 
Rae  (W.  Fraser),  his  death,  80  ;  and  Junius,  108 
Raimondi    (Eugenio),    his   plagiarism    from   Ortensio 

Lando,  363 

Baleigh  (£ir  W.),  in  Bliss's  edition  of  Wood's  '  Athen. 
Oxon,"  62  ;  early  editions  of  his  '  Historic  of  the 
World,' 127,  194,  274,  317 
Ralfe  (P.  G.)  on  Farker*,  188 

Bamsay  (A.)  and  authorship  of  '  Hardyknute,'  78,  113 
Ranee  (A.  K.)  on  Bishop  Colenso,  251 
Randolph  (J.  A.)  on  Fleet  Street,  493 

Statutes  of  Merton,  8 

Tunbridge  Wells  and  district,  476 
Rastell  (William),  '  D.N.B.'  on,  86 
Ratcliffe  (T.)  on  All  Fools'  Day,  286 

"  An  old  woman  went  to  market,"  74 

Beating  the  bounds,  891 

"  Born  on  Holy  Thursday,  and  idle,"  287 

Guinea  balances,  418 

Horseshoes  for  luck,  216 

"  I  sit  with  my  feet  in  a  brook,"  498 

Lines  on  a  mug,  353 

Pancake  Day,  225 

Penny  wares  wanted,  312 

Picking  up  scraps  of  iron,  897 

Pillion  :  flails,  434 

Royal  Oak  Day,  446 

Twitchel,  351 
Rates  in  aid  in  1601,  469 
"  BationaTs  Festival "  of  1837,  428 
Ravison=a  variety  of  rapeseed,  335 
Rayment  (H.)  on  Rogestvensky,  396 
Read  (F.  W.)  on  Vincent  Stuckey  Lean,  14 
Records,  local  government,  287,  337,  355 
Records  of  Somersetshire,  464 
Regiments,  royal,  of  the  line,  69,  112 
Religious  houses,  ancient,  69 
Relton  (F.  H.)  on  Vice- Chamberlain  Coke,  146 

Luther  family,  27 

Shorter:  Walpole,  317 

Walpole  (Horace),  his  letters,  386 
Residence  dinners  in  Durham,  1,  343 
ReV£rend  (Vicomte  A.)  on  Stutt  family,  448 
Reynolds  (Sir  Joshua),  his  group  of  Hon.  Henry  Fane,. 

Jones,  and  Blair,  387 

Richard  of  Scotland,  A.D.  700-20,  his  biography,  14 
Richardson    (Rev.   W.   V.  or   Athanasius)    and    the 

Russian  Church,  327,  376 
Rich  borough,  excavations  at,  17 
Rickword  (G.)  on  David  Morgan,  Jacobite,  28 
Riddle  :  Jack  and  Jill,  450 
Riclgemere,  derivation  of  the  name,  182 
Rifled  cannon,  submarines,  and  torpedoes  in  Napoleon's 

time,  89,  111 

Ripley  family,  of  Ripley,  Yorkshire,  167 
Ritter  (0.)  on  verses :  author  wanted,  294 
Bobbins  (A.  F.)  on  "  Fed  up,"  66 


524 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  29,  1905. 


Fobbing  (A.  F.)  on  split  infinitive,  52 
Roberts  ( W.)  on  Dr.  Burchell's  diary  and  collections,  77 
Coliseums  old  and  new,  437 
Keats's  '  Grecian  Urn' :  its  date,  469 
Panignano  (Count  A.  de) :  Holloway,  94 

Reynolds's  group  of  Fane,  Jones,  and  Blair,  387 

Romney  (George),  1610,  46 

Spinola  (Marchesa),  327 

Van  Sypestin  manuscripts,  341 
Bocque's  '  Survey  of  London,'  1745,  187,  274,  353 
Rodgers  (J.)  on  Langley  Meynell  :  Sir  B.  Francis,  270 
Rogationtide  celebrations  at  Ufford,  465 
Rogers  (Samuel),  first  edition  of  his  'Table  Talk,'  488 
Rogestvensky  ( Admiral),  spelling  and  meaning  of  his 

name,  304,  356,  396,  465 
Rok  or  rock,  Scotch  word,  its  meaning,  272 
Roman  mortar  or  cement,  its  red  colour,  34, 76, 114,  173 
Romney  (George),  1610,  of  St.  Clement's  Danes,  46 
Roper  (John  Henry),  member  of  Lloyds,  1837-45,  88 
Rose,  epigram  on,  309,  354,  370,  433 
Rose  (W.  F.)  on  Ravison  :  Scrivelloes,  335 
IRous  or  Rowse  family, of  Cransford,  West  Suffolk,  270 
Rowley  Mile  at  Newmarket,  origin  of  the  name,  347 
Bowse  or  Rons  family,  of  Cransford,  Wast  Suffolk,  270 
Royal  Oak  Day,  observances  on,  446 
Royal  regiments  of  the  line,  69,  112 
RubSi,  metrically  defined,  121 
Rule  of  the  road,  96 
Rupert  as  a  Christian  name,  70 
Ruskin  (J.),  at  Neuchsttel,  93 
Russell  (P.  A.)  on  Coliseums  old  and  new,  189 

"Phil  Elia,"  36 
Russell  (Lady)  on  Raleigh's  'Historic  of  the  World,' 

194.  317 
Russian  Church,  W.   V.   Richardson   admitted  into, 

327,  376 

Russian  language,  its  divergence  from  Cech,  202 
Russian  names,  their  meaning,  266,  317,  465 
Russians    and    Japanese,    language    of    official    and 

private  communications,  347,  417 
S.  on  translations  of  Domesday,  233 
S.  (A.)  on  Sir  J.  Lawrence's '  Empire  of  the  Nairs,'  463 

Sarpi  (Father  Paul)  in  early  English  literature, 

44,  84, 144 

"S.  (A.  C.)  on  unmarried  lady's  coat  of  arms,  348 
S.  (A.  E.)  on  Milton  portrait,  127 
S.  (A.  F.)  on  Molly  Lepel's  descent,  127 
S.  (C.)  on  "  Futura  praeteritis,"  227 

Heraldic  mottoes,  49 
S.  (C.  W.)  on  duelling,  49 
:S.  (H.  K.  St.  J.)  on  "  A  shoulder  of  mutton,"  455 

Blood  used  in  building,  373 

Burton's  '  Anatomy  of  Melancholy,'  203 

'  Forte  Frigate,'  128 

Nelson  in  fiction,  294 

"  Pop  goes  the  weasel,"  491 

Spenser's  '  Epithalamion,'  246, 412 
•S.  (H.  T.)  on  prisoners'  clothes  as  perquisites,  472 
S.  (J.  C.)  on  verse  on  a  cook,  89 
S.  (J.S.)  on  Berlioz,  365 
S.  (L.  P.)  on  Bacon  or  Usher  ?  234 
S.  (L.  R.  M.)  on  blood  used  in  building,  373 
S.  (W.)  on  a  military  execution,   304 

Duelling,  94 

English  officials  under  foreign  Governments   214 

Holyrood  font,  110 


S.  (W.)  on  Kant's  descent,  157 
Lamb  in  place-names,  294 
Scottish  Naval  and  Military  Academy,  209 
Symson  (William),  109 
Turing  :  Bannerman,  316 
Twins,  357 

Violante  (Madame)  in  Edinburgh,  472 
Wager,  i's  wreck,  417 

Sabine  (John  Richard  Churchill),  his  book-plate,  167 
Sack,  its  ingredients,  369,  434 
Sacrifices,  human,  at  parish  boundaries  and  at  springs, 

448,  498 

Sacrilege  and  privilege,  use  of  the  words,  268 
Sadler's  Wells  play,  '  Beauty  of  Buttermere,'  alluded 

to  by  Wordsworth,  352 
Sailors'  chanties,  earliest  references,  49 
St.  Albans,  font  removed  from  Holyrood,  30,  109 
St.  Anthony  of  Padua,  his  cult,  8 
St.  Aylott,  his  identity,  247,  315 
St.  Bartholomew's  Priory,   Smithfield,   ordination   of 

W.  Tyndale  at,  428,  494 
St.  Bennet's  Church,  Tarleton,  and  the  sign  of  "The 

Tabor,"  7,  55,  73 

St.  Catherine,  hermitage  at  Harrow,  467 
St.  Edmund,  hermitage  of  Harrow,  467 
St.  Foix  (Comte  de)  on  Sir  Balthasar  Gerbier : 

Zoffany's  portrait  of  Mozart,  487 
St.  Gilbert  of  Sempringham,  legends  of,  489 
St.  James's  Chapter,  held  March,  1843,  428 
St.  Julian's  Pater  Noster,  309,  393 
St.  Lawrence,  Thanet,  water-colour  drawings,  1818,  368 
St.  Mark  and  Judas,  345 

St.  Patrick,  lines  on  date  of  his  birth,  450,  497 
St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  its  clock  striking  thirteen,  229, 

277,  310  ;  and  Burford  stone,  468 
3t.  Piran's  Oratory,  Cornwall,  mistakes  concerning,  486 
3t.  Pulchre,  churches  dedicated  to,  101,  172,  295 
St.  Sepulchre,  churches  dedicated  to,  101,  172,  295 
St.  S  within  on  Ainsty,  133,  335 
All  Fools'  Day,  333 
Charles  I.  in  Spain,  131,  236 
Cosas  de  Espafia,  336 
Horseshoes  for  luck,  91 
Irish  folk-lore,  204 
Maze  at  Seville,  76 
Newman  (Cardinal),  or  another  ?  147 
Palindrome,  310 
Pillion :  flails,  338 
St.  Mark  and  Judas,  845 
Satan's  autograph,  416 
Southwold  Church,  453 
'Steer  to  the  Nor '-Nor'- West,'  172 
Weighing-machine  wisdom,  348 
York,  1517  and  1540,  473 
St.  Thomas  Wohope,  295 

3t.  Val6ry-sur-Somme,  cartulary  of  the  abbey,  168,  277 
Saints,  English,  canonized,  25 
Sale,  conditions  of  earliest,  153 
Salisbury  (R.  A.  T.,  third  Marquis  of),  his  residence 

in  Fitzroy  Square,  5 

Salmon  ( D.)  on  John  Hazlitt  and  Samuel  Sharwood,  468 
Sampayo  (B.  C.  de  T.)  on  De  Teixeira  Sampayo,  487 
Samuel  (A.)  on  Kingsley  quotation,  88 
Samuel's  (E.)  historical  account  of  the  British  army,  249 
San  Diego,  origin  of  the  name,  131 
San  Sebastian,  epitaphs  at,  361,  433 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  29, 1905. 


INDEX. 


525 


Sanderson  family,  of  Wigton,  Cumberland,  348 
Sandys  (Lady  Lucy  Hamilton)  and  Nell  Gwynn,  67 
Sarpi  (Father  Paul),  in  English  literature,  44,  84,144, 

232  ;  poitraiti  of,  201 
Sarum,  origin  of  the  word,  37,  75,  197,  237 
Satan's  autograph,  268,  356,  415 
Satterthwaite  (E.)  on  Goyle,  429 
Savage  ^Canon  E.  B.)  on  Bidding  Prayer,  233 
Broken  heart,  77 
Creation,  its  date,  332 
Marriage  Service,  74 
Penny  wares  wanted,  235 
Russian  Baltic  fleet  in  1788,  246 
Savile  (Sir  Henry),  bis  translation  of  Tacitus,  488 
Sax,  etymology  of  the  word,  186,  294 
Saxton  family, of  Saxton,  co.  York,  129,  175,  235,  334 
Scales  or  balances,  early,  208, 273 ;  for  guineas,  347,  413 
Scattergood  (B.  P.)  on  love  alea,  449 
Schiller's  poem  '  H<-pe,'  translated  by  J.  C.  Mangan,  5 
Scbloesser  (F.)  on  blood  used  in  building,  35 
Schomberg  (Duke  of),  bis  remains  in   St.  Patrick's 

Cathedral,  137 

School  slates,  earliest  use,  14,  240 
Schools,  first  established,  209,  251 
Scotch  words  and  English  commentators,  272 
Scotland,  history  of  the  Great  Seal,  242,  312  ;  Apothe- 
caries' Hall  in,  348  ;  Convention  of  Royal  Burghs, 
401,  443  ;  horse-racing  in,  450 
Scottish  judges,  their  titles,  362 
Scottish  Naval  and  Military  Academy,  148,  209 
Scottish  proclamation  dated  1567,  328 
Scriptures  in  Gaelic,  289 
Sea,  record  of  birth  at,  13 
Seal,  Great,  in  gutta-percha,  32 
Seal,  Great,  of  Scotland,  its  history,  242,  312 
Seal,  mediaeval,  with  riming  motto,  "Sum  leo,"  450 
Seal,  Navy  Office,  329,  398 

Self-made  men,  list  in  Wroughton  House,  Wilts,  426 
Selin court  (E.  de)on  recently  discovered  Keats  MSS.,81 
Senex  on  Mercury  in  Tom  Quad,  32 
Sentry  at  Windsor  Castle  and  clock  striking  thirteen, 

229,  277,  310 
Sepulchre,  Easter,  304 
Sergeantson  family  of  Hanlith,  Yorks,  133 
Seton  (Baron),  of  Andria,  on  Great  Seal  of  Scotland,  312 

Horse-racing  in  Scotland,  450 

Seventeenth  century,  firearms  in,  89  ;  phrases  in,  371 
Seville,  maze  at,  54,  76 

Sexdecim  Valles  in  Yorkshire  topography,  129,  175 
Sh  and  sch  in  German  and  English,  396 
Shacklewell  and  Charles  Lamb,  288,  352,  414 
Shakespeare  (W.)the  "gentle,"  69,  169,  290  ;  and  the 
battle    of  Agincourt,    121  ;    mythical    pall-bearer, 
204,  275  ;  value  of  money  in  his  time,   288  ;  his 
anticipation  of  the  Bacon  theory,  302  ;  his  brother 
Edmund,  340  ;  his  grave,  495 
Shakeapeariana : — 

As  You  Like  It,  Act  II.  sc.  I,  "The  penalty  of 
Adam,"  185  ;  Act  II.  sc.  vii.,  "All  the  world's 
a  stage,"  184,  426 
Coriolanus,  Act  I.  sc.  x.,  "  Embarquements  all  of 

fury,"  184 

Hamlet,  the -name  Ophelia,  249  ;  Polonius  and 
Lord  Burleigh  :  Cecil  and  Montano,  305,  416  ; 
Act  III.,  Rosencrantz  and  Guildenstern,  184  ; 
Act  III.  sc.  ii.,  "  Miching  mallicho,"  184,  426 


Shakespeariana : — 

Henry  V.,  Battle  of  Agincourt,  121 

1  Henry  VI.,  "  Pucelle,"  185 

Love's  Labour's  Lost,  its  date,  265,  370  ;  Act  I- 
sc.  i.,  "  O  these  are  barren  tasks,''  181 

Macbeth,  Act  I.  sc.  ii.,  "Bellona's  bridegroom,  "4  26- 

Midsummer  Night's  Dream,  Act  II.  sc.  i.  "A 
faire  vestall,  throned  by  the  West,"  425  ;  A  ct  "W 
sc.  i."  Merry  and  tragical !  Tedious  and  brief!" 
425 

Titus  Andronicus,  newly  discovered  quarto  of 
1594,  141 

Twelfth  Night,  Act  III.  sc.  i.,  Tabor  and 
St.  Bonnet's  Church,  7,  73 

Two  Gentlemen  of  Verona,  Friar  Patrick,  184,  426 

Winter's  Tale,  Act  I.  ec.  ii.,  "Ornament«oftdo'8,'r 

425  ;  Act  III.  sc.  ii.,  "  Lastly,"  425 
Shan  Ghall  on  Irish  at  Cherbourg,  368 
Shap,  abbey  and  village  in  Westmorland,  106 
Sharpe  (Dr.  R.  R.)  on  undertaker,  273 
Sharwood  (Samuel)  and  John  Hazlitt,  468 
Shelley  (P.  B.)  and  Sir  J.  Lawrence's  '  Empire  of  the 

Nairs,'  463 

Shelley  (William),  1538-97,  his  biography,  441,  492 
Shelvocke(C»pt.G.),  1674-5-1 74  2,  bis  biography,  61,196 
Shephard  (John),  of  Doctors'  Commons,  368 
bhephard  (J.  P.)  on  John  ishephard,  368 
Sherborne  (Lord )  on  Norman  inscriptions  in  Yorks.,  397 

Shakespeariana,  426 

Vastern,  413 

Sheridan  <R.  B.),  the  first  edition  of  his '  Critic,'  345 
Sheridan  (Tom),  lady  in  novel  by,  188 
Sherwood  (G.  F.  T.)  on  Long  Bredy,  Dorset,  450 

Records,  local,  464 

Surrey  marriage  licences,  326 

Triplicate  writing,  30 
Shicer,  meaning  of  the  word,  345 
Sbicker,  meaning  of  the  word,  345 
Shilleto  (A.  R.),  bis  edition  of  Burton's  'Anatomy  of 

Melancholy,'  203 

Shipman  (Sir  Abraham),  his  biography,  127,  197 
Shirley  (Sir  Robert),  c.  1603,  his  biography,  286 
Shore  (T.  W.),  his  death,  80 

Shorter  (John)  and  Lady  Walpole,  269,  317,  337,  434 
Shorthand  :  Edmond  Willis's  book,  1618,  328,  875 
Shotley  wills,  1463-1538,  2 
Shotover  and  Sir  Harry  Bath,  209,  277,  337 
Signs,   old  City :  "  Tabor,"  7,  55,  73  ;  "  Naked  Boy 

and  Coffin,"  67,  156,  213 

Silver  v.  gold,  their  quantities  and  values,  108,  175 
Simpson  (J.  P.)  on  "  Caveac"  Tavern,  29 
Sims  (G.  B.),  his  '  Lights  o'  London,'  428,  476 
Sirr   (H.)    on    Sarah    Curran,    Robert    Emmet,    and 

Major  Sirr,  303,  4/0 
Sirr  (Major),  Robert  Emmet,  and  Sarah  Curran,  303r 

413,  470 
Skeat  (Prof.  W.  W.)  on  Arch,  465 

Bringing  in  the  Yule  ' '  clog,"  57 

"  Call  a  spade  a  spade,"  217 

England,  English,  393,  492 

"  Fortune  favours  fools,"  14 

Goyle,  475 

Guardings,  476 

Hand  :  He,  154,  432 

Lamb  in  place-names,  149 

Lead  =  Language,  197 


526 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  29,  1905. 


Skeat  (Prof.  W.  W.)  on  Ledig:  Leisure:  Licere,  336 

L'Espec  (Sir  Walter),  31 

Letters,  their  names,  277 

"Naked  Boy  and  Coffin,"  213 

Nore,  427 

Quandary,  4 

Sax,  186 

Saxton  family,  of  Saxton,  co.  York,  235 

School  slates,  14 

Snowte  :  weir  and  fishery,  137 

Spenser's  'Epithalamion,'  474 

Split  infinitive,  96,  211 

Stob,  14 

To-day  :  To-morrow,  350 

Tourmaline,  115,  197 

Verse  on  a  cook,  134 

Wace  on  the  battle  of  Hastings,  455 

Wassail,  9,  152 

Weathercock,  352 

Willesden  :  the  place-name,  275 
Skelton  (John),  administration  of  his  estate,  125 
Skipp  (Sir  Thomas),  his  epitaph,  8 
'Skunk,  derivation  of  the  word,  386 
Slate  club,  earliest  use  of  the  term,  188 
Slates,  earliest  use  in  school,  14,  240 
iSmart  (Christopher)  and  the  madhouse,  221,  276,  354 
Smith  (Albert),  his  marriage  and  death,  412 
Smith  (E.)  on  bibliographies,  394 

"Had  better  have  been,"  126 

Horseshoes  for  luck,  91 

'Janus  ;  or,  the  Edinburgh  Literary  Almanack,' 
368 

Moser's  '  Vestiges,'  195 

Parsloe's  Hall,  Essex,  491 

•Smith  (G.  G.)  on  '  Pictures  of  the  Old  and  New  Testa- 
ments," 487 

:Smith  (J.  A.)  on  Agnew=Staveley,  348 
Smith  (L.  P.)  on  Father  Sarpi's  portraits,  201 
;Smith  (Mrs.)  as  Sylvia  in  '  Cymon,'  287 
Smithers  (C.  G.)  on  Coliseums  old  and  new,  190 

Coryate's  '  Crudities,'  494 

Farrell,  of  the  Pavilion  Theatre,  252 
Snell  (F.  S.)  on  epitaphs:  their  bibliography,  371 
Snowte,  meaning  of  the  word,  88,  137 
Society  for  Propagation  of  the  Gospel,  its  origin,  324 
Somersetshire,  Christmas  custom  in,  86,  236 
Somersetshire  records,  464 
:Somerville  on  Bidding  Prayer,  168 
.Songs  and  Ballads:  — 

Death  of  Nelson,  18 

Forte  Frigate,  128 

God  save  the  King  :  "  noble  "  or  "  gracious,"  108 

Hardyknute,  37,  118 

Lass  of  Richmond  Hill,  20,  66,  289,  334,  352,  497 

Lovesick  Gardener,  430 

Marseillaise,  120 

Mayers'  song,  75 

Oh,  I've  a  wife  in  Bristol  town,  169,  212 

Old  Towler,  227,  276 

Once  so  merrily  hopt  she,  127 

Patience,  229 

Pop  goes  the  weasel,  430,  491 

When  our  dear  old  Catholic  fathers,  109, 176 

Yankee  Doodle,  24 

iSonnenschein  ( W.  S.)  on  "  In  cauda  venenum,"  476 
Sotheby  (E.  M.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  469 


Sotheby  (E.  M.)  on  '•  Oh  !  the  pilgrims  of  Zion,"  109 
Sothern  (Ed.  Askew),  his  London  residence,  88,111,195 
Southam  (H.)  on  Battle-axe  Guard,  314 

Contempt  for  the  law  in  a  will,  165 

Guinea  balances,  413 

Hewetson  (Col.),  430 

'Notes  and  Queries,'  local,  393 

Parishes,  small,  274,  374 

Pillion:  flails,  375 

Rupert  as  a  Christian  name,  70 

Stratford  residents  in  eighteenth  century,  256 
Southam  (Thomas),  of  Charlecott,  his  will,  165 
Southesk     (Countess     of),    previously    Anna,    Lady 

Carnegie,  46 

Southey  (R.)  :  publishers  of  '  Omniana,'  92 
Southwell,   errors  in   A.  F.  Leach's    'Visitations  of 

Southwell,'  66 
Southwold  Church,  figures  and  emblems  in,  329,  369, 

453,  498 

Souwarrow  nut,  etymology  of  the  word,  447 
Spain,  Charles  I.  in,  48,  131,  236  ;  Cosis  de  Espafia, 

191,  336  ;  Grandees  of,  481 
Spanish  arms,  30 

Sparke  (A.)  on  Halls  of  the  City  Companies,  171 
Spelling  reform,  31,  134 
Spencer  (W.  T.)  on  "Bright  chanticleer  proclaims  the 

dawn,"  227 

Spenser  (Edmund),  his  'Epithalamion,'  246,412,474 
Spinola  ( Marches i),  wife  of  Ambrogio,  Marchese 

Spinola,  1569-1630,  327 
Spirit  manifestations,  works  on,  115 
Spratt  (Rev.  Devereux,  and, Thomas),  their  relation- 
ship, 227,  313 

Spurgeon  (0.  H.),  Sir  G.  Grove  on  his  scholarship,  206 
Spur-post,  meaning  of  the  word,  168,  253 
Stafford  (John)  =  Lucy  Tatton,  their  descendants,  66 
Stafford  (Jubal)  on  Stafford:  Tatton,  66 
Star  in  the  crescent  moon,  489 
Star  on  Fitzgeralds  of  Pendleton,  367 
Statue  in  a  circle  of  books,  8 
Statue  of  James  II.,  inscription  on,  15,  57 
Statues  in  London,  448 

Statutes  of  Morton,  "mutare"  or  "mutari,"  8,  195 
Staveley  (Anne)=John  Agnew,  348 
Steele  (R.)  on  Scottish  proclamation,  328 
Stephenson  (E.),  1691-1768,  Governor  of  Bengal,  395 
Sterling  (Rev.  James),  his  'Poetical  Works'  (1734) 

and  identity,  385 

Steuart  (A.  F.)  on  Col.  Wm.  Light's  publications,  85 
Stevens  (Miss  Sisson)  =  William  Hemming,  349 
Stewart  (A.)  on  broach  or  brooch,  28 

Epitaphiana,  24 

"Old  Bell"  Inn,  HolbornHill,  366 
Stickle-back,  its  various  names,  5 
Stick  penny,  use  of  the  word  in  1601,  70 
Stirling  Castle,  its  Constables  or  Governors,  147 
Stob,  etymology  of  the  word,  14 
Stole,  crossed,  its  symbolism,  329,  369 
Stoke  Newington  and  Tottenham  parish  registers,  226 
Stokes  (H.  P.)  on  Chris.  Smart  and  the  madhouse,  276 
Storm,  great,  in  November,  1703,  225 
Strachan  (L.  R.  M.)  on  Boswell's  'Johnson,'  284 

Bringing  in  the  Yule  "clog,"  256 
Farkers,  272 

Flying  bridge,  274 

Pompelmous,  256 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  29, 1905. 


INDEX. 


527 


Strachan  (L.  R.  M.)  on  split  infinitive,  296 

Spur-post,  253 

Theatre-building,  234 

To-day  :  To-morrow,  305 

Undertaker,  273 

Strahan  (Alexander),  publisher,  c.  1875,  87 
Stratford  residents  in  the  eighteenth  century,  187,  256 
Straw-plaiting,  earliest  references  to,  148,  413 
Street  (E.  E.)  on  Algarva,  194 

Armorial  visiting  cards,  36 

Christmas  under  Charles  I.,  11 

Twins,  318 

Street  names,  London,  181,  254 
'  Streets  of  London,'  lines  in  the  play,  428,  476 
Stronach  (G.)  on  Bacon  or  Usher!  94,  316 

Jonson  (Ben),  and  Bacon,  94 
Strong  (Prof.  H.  A.)  on  Algarva,  194 

"An  old  woman  went  to  market,"  10 

French  words  of  uncertain  origin,  222,  445 

Goyle,  475 

Palindrome,  375 

Shakespearian  a,  184 

Sothern's  London  residence.  Ill 

Vixens  and  drunkenness,  437 
Stubbs  (Sir  T.  W.),  his  biography,  98 
Stukeley  (Sir  Lewis),  his  '  Petition,'  1618,  428 
Stukeley  (Capt.  Thomas),  hero  of  old  play,  301,  342, 

382 

Stutt  family,  448 
Submarines,  torpedoes,  and  rifled  cannon  in  Napoleon's 

time,  89,  111 
'Suffolk   Mercury,'  or   'St.    Edmund's   Bury   Post,' 

1717-31,  88 

Sugar  as  ingredient  of  mortar,  34,  76,  114,  173,  372 
Sunset,  hour  of,  at  Washington,  87,  154 
Surnames,  Danish,  49, 137,  390 ;  of  King  Edward  VII. 
and  Queen  Alexandra,  114, 174, 351, 412 ;  MacErlean, 
249 

Surrey  marriage  licences,  c.  1760-1820,  326 
Suttees  (H.  C.)  on  De  Morgan  :  Tuberville  or  Turber- 
ville,  168 

Turing:  Bannerman,  167 
Swedenborgianism  in  Philadelphia,  86 
Swedish  royal  family,  409,  456 

Swift  (Dean),  his  '  Mrs.  Butler  the  Player  in  Ireland 
to  Mrs.  Bracegirdle,1  265  :  his  '  City  Shower, '  295  ; 
Gay's  '  Beggar's  Opera '  in  Dublin,  364 
Swine  Harry,  field-name,  50 
Swynnerton  (C.)  on  split  infinitive,  51 
Symson  (William),  c.  1623,  his  biography,  109 
T.  on  Besant,  113 

Gournay  (Sibilla  de),  168 

Bae  (Fraser)  and  Junius,  108 
T.  (A.  G.)  on  "  The  heart  has  many  a  dwelling-place," 

328 

T.  (A.  M.)  an  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  8 
T.  (C.)  on  Christmas  custom  in  Somersetshire,  236 

"  February  fill  dyke,"  333 

'  Notes  and  Queries,'  Local,  255 

Picking  up  scraps  of  iron,  348 
T.  D.,  meaning  of  the  abbreviation,  50 
T.  (G.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  469 

House  of  Lords,  1625-60,  448 
T.  (H.)  on  Lady  Dilke's  books,  45 

Duelling  in  England,  16 

Heraldic  mottoes,  92 


T.  (S.)  and  C.  C.  on  privilege  and  sacrilege,  268 
T.  (W.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  171 
"  Dogmatism  is  puppyism  full  grown,"  5 
Vadstena  Church,  Norway,  315 
"  Tabor,"  the,  and  Tarleton,  7,  55,  73 
Tacitus  translated  by  Greenwey  and  Savile,  488 
Tailors,  three,  of  Tooley  Street,  35 
Talbot  (J.)  on  Saxton  family  of  Saxton,  129 
Talman  (William  and  John)  in  the  '  D.N.B.,'  103 
Tandem,  a  carriage,  146  ;  a  kind  of  cloth  or  apparel, 

454 

Tarleton  and  "The  Tabor,"  7,  55,  73 
Tatton  (Lucy)  =  John  Stafford,  their  descendants,  66 
Taubman  (Nathanael),  his  will,  1711,  86 
Tavern  Signs: — 

Algarva,  127,  194 
Caveac,  29 
Dirty  Old  Man,  252 
Old  Bell,  Holborn  Hill,  366,  430 
Vine  Inn,  Highgate  Road,  235 
Widow's  Son,  Devon's  Road,  Bow,  344 
Taylor  (Tom)  on  Dr.  Whewell,  189,  293 
Templars,  Knights,  their  possessions  in  Great  Britain, 

467 

Temple  Bridge  and  County  Hall,  proposed,  105 
Tenses  in  fiction,  307 
"  Tertias  of  foot,"  use  of  the  term,  429 
Thackeray  (Thomas  James),  his  '  Mountain  Sylph ' 

and  other  works,  22,  73,  131,  151,  196,  275 
Thackeray  (W.  M.),  bibliographical  notes  on,  22,  73, 

131,  151,  196,  275 
Thames,  extraordinary  tide,  47,  135 
"  The  "  as  part  of  title,  88,  115,  193 
1  Thealma  and  Clearchus,'  its  author,  186,  229 
Theatre :  on  London  Bridge,  28  ;  at  Parkgate,  289, 

355,  397, 457  ;  in  Rawstorne  St.,  Clerkenwell,  329 
Theatre,  Roman,  at  Verulam,  55 
Theatre-building,  rare  Italian  books  on,  234 
'Theatrical  Remembrancer,'  1788,  its  authorship,  429 
Thomas  (Llewelyn),   memorial  inscription   at   Jesus 

College,  149 

Thomas  (Ralph),  on  Agnostic  poets,  38 
Bibliographical  queries,  293 
Charnock  (R.  S.),  262 
Christian  name,  addition  to,  374 
Colenso  (Bishop),  874 
Colosseum  v.  Coliseum,  353 
Cooper  (T.),  270 
Duelling,  192 
Lyceum  Theatre,  132 
'  Rebecca,'  a  novel,  293 
Samuel  (E.),  249 
Thrub  chandler,  126 
Twins,  318 
Zornlin  family,  402 
Thorns  (A.)  on  epitaphiana,  24 
Thomson  (George),  Burns's  letters  to,  148,  213 
Thoresby  (Ralph),  his  accuracy  impugned,  205,276, 393 
Thora-Drury  (G.)  on  "St.  George  to  save  a  maid,"  276 
Thrale  (Mrs.)  and  Johnson's  '  In  Theatro,'  161 
Thrub  chandler  in  index,  126 

Thumb  (Tom)  at  the  Egyptian  Hall,  Piccadilly,  451 
Thunder  folk-lore,  408 
Thurston  (H.)  on  King's  Cock-Grower,  228 
Thwaites,  religious  house  of,  69 
Tickling,  trout  caught  by,  332 


528 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  29, 1905. 


Tide,  extraordinary,  in  the  Thames,  47,  135 
Tidir  (Robart),  name  carved  at  Tower  of  London,  390 
Tigernacus,  Lish  MS.,  268,  318 

Tignusu,    Sicilian   for   person    suffering    from    ring- 
worm, 214,  314 
To,  with  the  infinitive,  and  in  to-day,  to-morrow,  211, 

305,  350 

Toastmaster,  earliest,  at  public  banquets,  309,  395 
To-day  :  to-morrow,  to  in,  305,  350 
Tombola  concerts,  June,  1843,  469 
To-morrow  :  to-day,  to  in,  305,  350 
Tongue-twisters,  Spanish  and  French,  216 
Tooley  Street,  three  tailors  of,  35 
Topographical  collections  for  counties,  286 
Torpedoes,  submarines,  and  rifled  cannon  in  Napoleon's 

time,  89,  111 

Totem,  etymology  of  the  word,  27 
Tottenham  and  Stoke  Newington  parish  registers,  226 
Tourmaline,  its  etymology,  66,  115,  152,  197 
Tovey  (D.  C.)  on  Christopher  Smart,  221,  354 

'Titus  Andronicus,'  newly  discovered  quarto,  141 
Ttwer  of  London,  Bobart  Tidir  carved  on  doorway,  390 
Townebend  (J.)  on  "  Though  lost  to  sight,"  327 
Tract,  seventeenth-century  historical,  187 
Tracts,  how  to  catalogue,  174 
Trades  and  callings,  their  superstitions,  465 
Travels  in  China,  15,  154 
Travers   (Henry),     his    '  Miscellaneous    Poems    and 

Translations,'  346,  416 
Treasure- trove,  its  history,  182 

Trelawny  (Sir  Jonathan),  1650-1721, '  D.N.B.'  on,  447 
Triplicate  writing,  30 
Tripp  (G.  B.)  on  Goenold  portrait,  468 
Troops  in  winter,  their  sufferings,  21,  104 
Trout  caught  by  tickling,  332 
Tsarskoe  Selo,  its  pronunciation,  146 
Tubbs  (L.  E.  A.)  on  Carr  and  Chitty  families,  209 
Tuffall  = fall-to  or  lean-to,  66 
Tulius  (S.),  an  imaginary  saint,  172 
Tunbridge  "Wells  and  district,  antiquarian  sights,  429, 

475 

Turing  (Janet)  =  Bev.  David  Bannerman,  167,  316 
Turner  (Michael),  1796-1885,  his  epitaph,  186 
Turner  (W.)  on  'Secrets  in  Art  and  Nature,'  249 
Turville  (Hen.),  naval  captain,  his  biography,  367,  454 
Turville  (Sarah)  =  Captain  John  de  Morgan,  168,  311 
Twins,  likeness  and  dissimilarity  in,  249,  318,  357, 

394  ;  prayer  for,  428 

Twitchel,  name  for  pathway,  289,  351,  436 
Twitten,  meaning  of  the  word,  436 
Tyke  on  Serjeantson  family  of  Banlith,  Yorks,  133 
Tyndale  ("William),  bis  ordination,  428,  494 
Tyrrell  family,  69,  133 
Tzar,  better  spelling  than  Czar,  146 
"Udal  (J.  S.)  on  "An  old  woman  went  to  market," 377 

Armorial  bearings,  392 

Blood  used  in  building,  373 

Cockade,  356 

Hand:  He,  374 

Louis  XlV.'s  heart,  336 
TJfford,  Bogationtide  celebrations  at,  465 
Uhagon  (F.  de)  on  Charles  I.  in  Spain,  48 

Cosas  de  Espana,  191 

Galapine,  252 

Irritability  of  character,  166 

Tongue-twisters,  216 


Uncut,  bibliographical  term,  227 

TJnderdown  (H.W.)  on  clergj  man  as  City  Councillor,  24f 

Excavations  at  Richborough,  17 

Holborn,  56 

Holy  Maid  of  Kent,  25 

'Index  of  Archaeological  Papers,'  273 

Parishes,  small,  128 

Pinchbeck  family,  421 

Willesden,  the  place-name,  208 
Undertaker,  its  various  meanings,  188,  212,  273 
United  States  of  .America,  their  dates,  326 
Unwin  (T.  Fisher)  on  "The  Hungry  Forties,"  111 
Upsilon,  explanation  of  the  name,  228,  277 
Urte's  (P.  d')  translation  of  Genesis  into  Baskish,[!148 
Usher  (Bishop)  or  Bacon,  saying  attributed  to,  94, 155, 

234 

Utrecht,  Treaty  of,  Dr.  Doesburg  on,  193 
Utton  (T.  P.)  on  Academy  of  the  Muses,  449 
V.  (Q.)  on  Algarva,  194 

Ameiican  Prayer-Book,  208 

Bidding  Prayer,  233 

Burton  Abbey  Cartulary,  127 

Carentinilla,  108,  158 

Cataloguing  seventeenth-century  tracts,  174 

Chiltern  Hundreds,  114 

Compter  Prison,  254 

Con-  contraction,  153 

Creation,  its  date,  268 

Domesday,  its  translations,  167 

Economist,  sixteenth-century,  369 

Heraldic,  315 

Horseshoes  for  luck,  216 

Huguenot,  327 

'  Index  of  Archaeological  Papers,'  186 

Irish  soil  exported,  328 

Lead  =  language,  197 

Nail  and  the  clove,  184 

Oriel,  126 

Patent  medicines,  175 

Pa) kins  (Joseph  Wilfred),  213 

Quarterstaves,  235 

Sarum,  37,  197 

Schools  first  established,  251 

Shap,  "Westmorland,  106 

Straw -plaiting,  414 

Topographical  collections  for  counties,  286 

Utrecht,  Treaty  of,  193 

Vicariate,  276 
V.  (Q.  \V.)  on  anchorites'  dens,  128 

Font  consecration,  154 

Holy  rood  font,  30 
V.  (V.  H.  I.  L.  I.  C.  I.)  on  William  Carroll,  208 
V.  (W.  I.  E.)  on  Edmond  and  Edward,  153 

Fansbawe  family,  494 

"God  rest  you  merry,"  116 

Parsloe's  Hall,  Essex,  490 
V.-W.  (F.  S.)  on  Hugo  de  Burgh,  408 

Charlemagne's  lioman  ancestors,  432 

Horseshoes  for  luck,  314 
Vadstena  Church,  Norway,   English  princess  buried 

in,  246,  315 

Valtyre  on  Moscow  campaign,  1 67 
"Van  Sypestevn  MSS.,  their  sale,  341,  409 
"Vastern,  derivation  of  the  name,  347,  413 
Ventura  (Angelo  Benedetto)  and  '  Times '  advertise- 
ment, 1828,  66 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  29,  1905. 


INDEX. 


529 


Verne  (Jules)  on  extraordinary  vision,  489 

Versailles  on  Lytton  quotation,  487 

Verschoyle,  origin  of  the  surname,  69,  115,  335 

Verschoyle  on  Verschoyle  :  Folden,  335 

Verse  on  a  cook,  89 

Verulam,  Roman  theatre  at,  55 

Vicariate,  use  of  the  word,  204,  276 

Vicars  (Sir  Arthur)  on  Great  Seal  in  gutta-percha,  32 

Heraldic  mottoes,  92 

Patents  of  precedence,  151 

Victoria  (Queen),  her  surname,  114,    174,  351,   412  ; 
clock  at  Balmoral  stopped  at  her  death,  124,  175  ; 
her  visit  to  the  Palace  of  Ayete,  Spain,  362 
Victoria,  the,  and  the  Camperdown,  26 
Vidler  (L.  A.)  on  Dryden's  sisters,  498 

'Missal,  The, '469 

Roper,  88 

Shorter  :  Walpole,  269,  434 
Villiers  (George),  Duke  of  Buckingham,  news  of  his 

assassination,  109,  173 
Vincent  (J.  A.  C.)  his  death,  358 
Violante(Mme.),  dancer  in  Edinburgh,  1735-6,408,472 
Visiting  cards,  armorial,  36 
Vitoria,  Evangelical  zoology  at,  486 
Vixens  and  drunkenness,  389,  437 
Voivode,  its  pronunciation,  266 
Von  Gordon  family,  248 

Vulgate,  inexpensive  critical  edition  wanted,  248,  435 
W.  on  Mohammed's  will,  368 
W.  (B.)on  horseshoes  for  luck,  215 

Lamb  in  place-names,  109 

Platea  (Franciscus  de),  194 

St.  Sepulchre,  101 

W.  (C.)  on  "  When  our  dear  old  Catholic  fathers,"  109 
W.  (E.  A.)  on  William  Tyndale's  ordination,  428 
W.  (F.)  on  epigram  on  a  rose,  309 
W.  (G.)  on  St.  Gilbert  of  Sempringham,  489 
W.  (G.  C.)  on  Parsloe's  Hall,  Essex,  430 
W.  (G.  H.)  on  Danish  surnames,  49 

Warlow,  German  place-name,  249 
W.  (G.  J.)  on  Navy  Omce  seal,  398 
W.  (H.  A.)  on  heraldic,  33 
W.  ( J.  L.)  on  Luther's '  Commentary  on  the  Galatians,' 

229 
W.  (R.)  on  Palindrome,  310 

Smith  (Mrs.)  as  Sylvia  in  'Cymon,'  287 
W.  (R.  C.)  on  House  of  Anjou,  270 
W.  (T.)  on  patent  medicines,  175 
Wace,  obscure  words  in  his  description  of  the  battle  of 

Hastings,  407,  455 
Wager,  its  wreck,  417 

Wainewright  ( J.  B. )  on  Bridges,  a  Winchester  Com- 
moner, 7 

Cornwallis  (Sir  Thomas),  29 

Coutances,  Winchester,  and  Channel  Islands,  134 

Delafosse,  Winchester  Commoner,  128 

English  canonized  saints,  25 

Epitaphiana,  23 

Gwynneth  (John),  247 

Hooper:  Elderton,  Winchester  Commoners,  309 

Mass,  solitary,  95 

"PhilElia,"  79 

Rastell  (William),  86 

Shakespearian*,  426 

Shelley  (William),  441 
Waits  :  guisers :  Christmas  carols,  10 


Walker  (B.)  on  Sax,   294 

Walker  (H.  J.  O.)  on  bibliographical  queries,  227 

Walker  (Peter  and  John),  c.  1770,   their   parentage, 

8mm 
,   57 

Walkyn  Silver,  in  Westmorland,  29,  95,  170 
Wall  (Col.  John)  =  Mary  Brilliana  Martin,  232 
Wall's  (J.  C.)  'Shrines  of  British  Saints,'  486 
Wallflowers,  called    "  bloody   warriors "    in  Devon- 
shire, 486 

Walpole  (G.)  on  "  Ugly  rush,"  165 
Walpole   (Borace),    his   letters   to   the   Countess    of 

Ailesbury,  386 

Walpole  (Lady)  and  John  Shorter,  269,  317,  337,  434 
Walters  (R.)  on  Dickens  and  Thackeray,  377 

Farrell,  of  the  Pavilion  Theatre,  252 

Humby  (Mrs.),  actress,  337 

Twitchel,  351 

Wapiti,  pronunciation  of  the  word,  29 
War  medals,  best  books  on,  247,  315 
Ward  (C.  S.)  on  comet  in  1580,  8 

Grinfield  (Rev.  Edw.  Wm.),  330 
Ward  (H.  Snowden)  on  "  February  fill  dyke,"  314 

Horseshoes  for  luck,  90 

Wassail,  10 

Warden  (David  Bailie),  American  bibliographer,  309 
Warkamoowee,  etymology  of  the  word,  467 
Warlow,  German  place-name,  249,  335 
Warrand  (G.)  on  Rowley,  347 
Warren  (Sir  George),  theft  from,  188 
Warren  ( Richard),  his  descendants,  50 
Washington  (G.),  his  arms  and  American  flag,  36,  420 
Washington,  hour  of  sunset  at,  87,  154 
Wassail,  etymology  of  the  word,  9,  112,  152,  456 
Waterloo  Bridge,  suggested  improvements,  105 
Waterway,  the  Brent  as  an  ancient,  349 
Watling   (Hamlet),    his    drawings    of    stained-glass 

windows,  154,  272,  370 
Watling  (H.)  on  Hamlet  Watling,  370 
Watson  (Christopher),  on  Abbotsley,  St.  Neots,  29 

Children  at  executions,  495 

Compter  Prison,  254 

Epitaphiana,  24 

Heraldic,  33,  154 

Lynde :  Delalynde,  417 
Watson  (J.)  on  Amberskins :  chocolate  recipe,  309 

Arnold  (Sir  Edwin),  176 

Broken  heart,  132 

Epigram  on  a  rose,  354 

Lepel  (Molly),  her  descent,  172 

Macaulay's  essay  on  Clive,  405 

May-dewing,  477 

Windsor  Castle  sentry,  277 

Watson  (William),  his  '  The  Father  of  the  Forest,'  124 
Watts  (Dr.  Isaac),  "  Sweet  fields  beyond  the  swelling 

flood,"  489 

Watts-Dunton  (T.),  his  'Sonnet  to  Redcoats,'  49, 171 
Watts- Dunton  (T.)  on  "And  has  it  come  to  this  »"  171 
Way  (G.  L.  A.)  on  "  He  sat  beside  the  lowly  door,"  328 
Waynflete  (Bishop  William),  his  early  career,  461 
Weapons,  their  value  mentioned  in  indictments,  165, 

235 

Weathercock,  use  of  the  word,  288,  334,  352 
Webb  (S.  and  B.)  on  local  government  records,  287 
Wedding-ring  finger,  236 
Weeper  in  the  House  of  Commons,  70 
Weighing  machines,  lines  on,  348 


530 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  29,  1905. 


Weights  :  nail  and  clove,  41,  134,  231 
Weir  (Charles  Hope),  his  biography,  9 
Weirs  and  fishery  at  the  "  Snowte,"  88 
Welford  (R.)  on  Anthony  Brewer,  113 

Cooper  (Thomas),  270 

House  of  Lords,  1625-60,  497 

Hand,  155 

Parkins  (Joseph  Wilfred),  157 

Spur-post,  253 

Wellirgton  (Duke  of)  and  General  Alava,  167 
Wesley  (John),  and  gardens,  111  ;  and  the  wig,  269 
Wesley-bob  in  wassail  song,  10 

Westhawe,  Weslhaugh,  orWesthagh  (Dr.  T.),  1432, 421 
Westhope,  Chapel  Meadow  at,  187 
Westminster,  recent  finds  in,  105 
Westminster  changes  in  1904,  381,  423 
Westminster  Commissary  Court,  its  documents,  125 
Westminster  Horseferry,  distance  measurement,  248 
Wharncliffe  meeting,  meaning  of  the  term,  367 
Wheler  or  Wheeler  family,  347 
Whewell  (Dr.),  Tom  Taylor  on,  189,  293 
Whistler  (J.  A.  McNeill),  his  painting  on  panel  of 

house  in  Cheyne  Walk,  227 
White  (S.)  on  "To  have  a  month's  mind,"  54 
White  Bread  Meadow,  Bourne,  curious  survival  at,  365 
Whitehalgb  or  Whitehall  (J.),  of  Petbils,  co.  Derby,  347 
Whitehall  Matted  Gallery,  388 
Whitsunday,  confirmations  on,  16 
Whitwell  (R.  J.)onAbbey  of  St.Val^ry-sur-Somme,168 

'  Assisa  de  Tolloneis,'  38 

Italian,  early,  glossary  wanted,  447 

Perit,  a  very  minute  measure,  238 
Wig,  Bev.  John  Wesley  and  the,  269 
Wilderspin  (Samuel),  portraits  of,  135 
Wilde  (Sir  William)  on  poem  by  Dean  Swift,  265 
Wilkes's  Parlour,  origin  of  the  name,  147 
Wilkinson  (A.),  his  guinea  balances,  347,  413 
Vfi\ie-begu\\ie8=Jinn:se8-vtrlales,  1 25 
Will,  contempt  for  law  in  a,  165 
Willcock  (J.)  on  diving-bell,  247 

James  II.  medal,  329 

Willesden,  origin  of  the  place-name,  208,  275 
Willesden  families,  208,  293 

William  III.,  his  chargers  at  battle  of  the  Boyne,  137 
Williams  (A.  J.)  on  con-  contraction,  111 
Williams  (J.  G.)  on  Lincoln  civic  insignia:  Mayor's 

ring,  387 
Willis   (Edmond),   his    '  Abreuiation   of  Writing   by 

Character,'  328,  375 

Willow,  weeping,  and  Psalm  cxxxvii.  2,  247 
Wills,     Shotley,    1463-1538,    2;     Yorkshire,   1636- 

1715,  465 
Wilmshurst  (T.  B.)  on  Shakespeariana,  184 

Torpedoes,  submarines,  and  rifled  cannon,  89 
Wilson*  (P.  G.)  on  split  infinitive,  151 
Wilson  (T.)  on  Bacon  or  Usher  ?  155 

Baptist  Confession  of  Faith,  455 

Heraldic,  154 

Hand,  155 

Ledig  :  Leisure  :  Licere,  288 

Split  infinitive,  151,  296 

Spur-post,  168 

To-day  :  To-morrow,  305 
Winchester  Commoners,  7,  128,  309 
Winchester  Coutances,  and  the  Channel  Islands,  134 


Windsor  Castle   sentry  and   clock  striking  thirteen, 

229,  277, 310 
Windsor,  Knights  of,  5 
Win'raws,  word  used  in  Dumfriesshire,  35 
Wintemberg  (W.  G.)  on  Verschoyle :   Folden,  69 
Winter,  sufferings  of  troops  in,  21,  104 
Wirral  Hermit,  246 

Witchcraft,  child  executed  at  Huntingdon  for,  468 
Woffington  (Peg),  portraits  of,  195 
Wohope  (Sir Thomas), rector  of  Smarden,  o.  1832,295 
Wolferstan  (E.  P.)  on  Algarva,  127 

England,  English,  393 

"  February  fill  dyke,"  248 

Bule  of  the  road,  96 

Twins,  394 

Woman,  Heaven's  second  thought,  67 
Wontner  (B.)  on  Czech  language,  346 
Wood's  '  Athen.  Oxon.,'  cancels  in  Dr.  Bliss's  ed.,  62 
Wooden  fonts,  169,  253,  316,  395 
Woolmen  in  the  fifteenth  century,  193,  275 
Wordsworth  (W.),  his  translation  of  Juvenal,   288 ; 
his  "B  ighland  girl,"  309 ;  Sadler's  Wells  play  alluded 
to  by  him  ("  The  Beauty  of  Buttermere  "),  852 
Wotton  (Sir  Henry),  his  letters  and  dispatches,  805 
Wright  (A.  T.)  on  Nicholas,   Bishop  of  Coventry  and 

Licbfield,  328 

Wright  (W.  B.)  on  Verschoyle  :  Folden,  116 
Writing,  faded,  its  restoration,  88 
Writing,  triplicate,  30 
Writs  of  Privy  Seal  for  loans,  135 
Wroth  (Warwick)  on  Killigrew  and  Barker  families,  224 
X.  on  Bunt,  145 

Letters,  their  names,  336 

Pompelmous,  168 

Russian  proper  names,  465 

Tzar,  not  Czar,  146 

Y,  the  letter,  its  name,  228,  277,  292,  386 
Yardley  (E.)  on  Goldsmith's  '  Edwin  and  Angelina,'  152 

Horseshoes  for  luck,  216 

Pucelle,  185 

St.  Julian's  Pater  Noster,  393 

Shakespeariana,  185 

{Split  infinitive,  52,  151 
Yarker  (E.  P.  L.)  on  English  officials  under  foreign 

Governments,  214 

Yealls,  meaning  of  the  word,  371,  449 
Yeo  (W.  C.)  on  horseshoes  for  luck,  91 
Ygrec  on  "  An  old  woman  went  to  maiket,"  11 

Blanched,  348 

St.  Piran's  Oratory,  Cornwall,  486 
Ylima  on  '  The  Lady's  Museum  ' :  '  Modern  London,' 

1804,  169 

York,  Lord  Mayors  of,  1517  and  1540,  409,  473 
Yorkshire,  Norman  inscriptions  in,  849,  397,  476 
Yorkshire  wills,  1636-1715,  465 
Young  family,  349 

Young  (E.)  and  Burns,  parallel  passages,  466 
Young  (W.)  on  Kant's  descent,  114 
Yule  "clog,"  bringing  it  in,  11,  57,  155,  256 
Yulob,  Anglo-Chinese  word  for  single  oar,  305 
Z.  (X.  Y.)  on  Chapel  Meadow  at  Westhope,  187 
Zemsky-Sobor  and  Z6mstvo  in  Bussia,  185,  233 
Z6mstvo  and  Zemsky- Sober  in  Russia,  185,  233 
Zoffany's  portrait  of  Mozart,  487 
Zornlin  family,  402 


LONDON  :   PRINTED   BY  JOHN  EDWABD   FRANCIS,   BREAM'S  BTJILDIKGS,  CHANCERY  LANE. 


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Notes  and  queries 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  LIBRARY