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NOTES AND QUERIES.
LQX11OX, SATl KDAY, JAKUARi' 7,
C O N T E N T S. -No. ,->4.
FOTBS : Residence Dinners in Durham, 1 Shotley Wills,
2 "Quandari*," 4 -Knights of Windsor "Dogmatism is
puppvism full grown" " Prickle-l>*t " Marquis of Salis-
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Deaths of ilie Aged James Clarence Mangin. 5" Betty "
Matthew Arnold's ' Horatian Echo ' Millikiii-Entwisle
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RESIDENCE DINNERS IN DURHAM.
THERE are very few people now living who
remember these once famous entertainments.
I was myself a guest at one of the last of
them, at the house of Dr. Jenkyns, who died
in 1878, the last of the old prebendaries,
though I believe he was not quite on the
same footing as the older men had been.
The following note is based partly on my
own recollections, and partly on those of
siiy friends Mr. Thomas Jones, of Durham,
Proctor and Notary, and the Rev. William
Green well, Minor Canon and Rector of St.
Mary's in the South Bailey, whose memories
of Durham go much further back than mine
do.
The Dean and the twelve Prebendaries
of the foundation of Queen Mary each kept
three weeks of "close residence" in their
turns, during which they always slept in
their houses in the college, maintained hos-
pitality, and attended every service in the
cathedral, or, as i j was then commonly called,
"the abbey." If they failed to comply with
any one of the above customs only once,
saving by reason of sickness or some other
urgent cause, they began their residence
over again. I have understood that Dean
Waddington, having been obliged by the
death of a near relation to go away during
his close residence, took it again from
beginning to end.
During their close residence the Dean and
Prebendaries gave " residence dinners," about
five or six, or two a week. These were on
a very bountiful scale in respect both of
meat and of drink, and usually took place
at 7 o'clock. At one dinner would be enter-
tained nobility and gentry, with members
of the Chapter, and the more wealthy of the
beneficed clergy ; at another, the Minor
Canons, the head master and second master
of the Grammar School, the less wealthy
beneficed clergy, and professional men ; at
another, the Mayor and Corporation, with
other citizens ; at another, at 2 P.M., the
singing men, with tradesmen, tfec., who
always went from the dinner to the after-
noon service. And there would be other
dinners for guests not easily classified. At
some, probably those of the second grade,
there would be officials such as the Receiver,
the Chapter Clerk, &c. And before the days
of railways, when strangers in Durham were
few and far between, they came in for their
chance. I have heard my father say that
once when my grandfather and he were
passing through Durham they attended the
afternoon service, immediately after which
the verger came to them with "Archdeacon
Bouyer's compliments, and would they favour
him with their company at dinner that
evening ? " They gladly accepted the invi-
tation. It was a residence dinner, and they
met the famous Count Borouwlaski, the
Polish dwarf, who then lived in Durham.
"The little count" brought his own tiny
knife and fork, now in the Durham Uni-
versity Museum, and was accommodated
with a big book on his chair to raise him
to the height of the table. The count was,
as usual, very entertaining, the archdeacon
very kind and hospitable, and the strangers
enjoyed a delightful evening. At the end
of dinner came the grace. One chorister, in
a brown gown faced with white, attended by
the butler with a shilling on a silver waiter,
and a wax candle in his hand, read, in English,
the first portion of Psalm cxix., " Bead imma-
culati," on a monotone. The prebendary said
"Tu autem," and the boy went on with
"Domine miserere nostri,'' on a monotone
which sweetly sounded through the great
room. The prebendary then handed the
shilling over his left shoulder to the boy,*
who descended to the kitchen, where he
I remember the benevolent smile with which
Dr. Jenkyns did this.
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io' s. m. JAN. 7,
received a posset and a jelly for his imme-
diate delectation, and a tart and a cheesecake
to take home with him. At least that is
what Mr. Jones remembers to have been
usual when he was a chorister. The grace-
cup with mulled wine went round to all the
guests, and the two grace-cups that were used
are still in the possession of the Chapter. They
are a very fine pair, silver gilt, with handles
and covers, standing about 15 inches high,
and holding about three pints apiece. They
have engraven on them the arms of the
bishopric ensigned by mitres. The date-
letter, confirmed by the leopard's head
crowned, shows that they were hall-marked
in 1764.
There was a man cook in the service of the
Chapter who went from house to house.
The last but one was named Sanglier, a
Frenchman, doubtless, and he lived in the
small rectory house of St. Mary's in the
South Bailey.
There are two interesting drawings, dating
from about 1780, in the Kaye Collection at
the British Museum, iii. 1, 2, one of which
represents a residence dinner at Durham
with the prebendary at the head of the
table, in gown, cassock, bands, and wig, and
about half a dozen gentlemen in the pictur-
esque dress of the period ; these are the only
figures shown in the drawing. The other
represents a number of old women in uniform
cloaks sitting at a long table, from one end
of which the prebendary, habited as above,
and with a benevolent smile, as in the case
of Dr. Jenkyns handing the shilling, is
distributing to them long clay pipes. They
appear to have just had their dinner, and
the grace-cup is on the table, having just
gone round. The expressions on their
countenances are exactly those of the old
women in Caldecott's illustration of Mrs.
Mary Blaize, when she " strove the neigh-
bourhood to please with manners wondrous
winning," and cups of tea. J. T. F.
Durham.
SHOTLEY WILLS, 1463-1538.
THE following five wills have been tran-
scribed from the registered copies preserved
in the Probate Court at Ipswich. No. I. and
No. II. are written in abbreviated Latin in
an unusually crabbed hand, by no means easy
to decipher. The Latin is here extended.
A few words have baffled the skill of the
modern transcriber.
The parish of Shotley, in Suffolk, occupies
the apex of a triangle of land, bounded on
its two sides by the rivers Orwell and Stour,
and having for its base the railway line con-
necting Manningtree with Ipswich. The-
parish lies in two manors Over-Hall-with-
Netherhall and Shotley Hall or Kirk ton.
No. I.
(Book II., fo. 120".)
In clei nomine Amen septimo Kalendas Augus-tii
Anno Domini millesimo cccclxjij . Ego Johannes
Pertryche de Schotele alias Kyrketon compos
mentis & bene memoria: condo testamentum nieuin
in hunc modum In primis lego Animam meam deo
omnipotenti beate niarie ac omnibus sanctis corpus
que meum ad sepeliendum in cimiterio beate marie
de Schotle alias Kyrketon. Item lego summo Altari
eiusdem ecclesie iij' iiij' 1 pro decimis oblationibus <fc
aliis omissis transactum. Item lego ad reparacionem
ecclesie beate marie de Schotle alias Kyrketon
infernio siveexternio ubicumque[?one word] necesse-
facere x 1 . Item convento fratrum Augustini de
Orford x" pro xxx u [a trentall Sancti Gregorii. Item
convento fratrum minorum Gippewici x 1 simili
modo pro xxx u . Item lego Johanne Halle uxori
Roberti Halle filie mee xiij' iiij j sub hac condicione-
viz. nt ipsa Johanna & nee ipse Robertus perturbant
nel [vel] ad [? iniuriam] aliquo modo proturbanfc
sive contradicant Thomam perteryche filium meum
quacumqueexcausasiveproaliqua viz. sivebonamo-
bilia sive immobilia Efc si contingatquod Absit quod
isti duo faciant ut laborant contra meam ultimam
voluntatem tune volo quod nichil [nihil] habeat
sive habeant de bouis meis nisi ad [? one word]
predicti Thomse filii mei sicut sibi placuit Residuum
vero omnium bonorum meorum debitis Abstractis
do <fc lego Thomce pertryche ac Agneti consorti sue-
heredibus & Assignatis suis ut ipsi ordinent &
disponant pro anima mea & uxore meo [sic] sicut
melius viderint expedire In cuius rei testimonium
sigillum meum presentibus Apposui ac eciam his
testibus domino Andreo capellano Roberto ov'ton
ballivo de Herwiche [Harwich] Johanne Hastyng'
minore de Schotle & Aliis multis Anno domini
probatum fuit, &c. Apud. Gippewicum xxiiij' die-
mensis Januarii Anno supradicto Et comyssa
supradict' etc.
No. II.
(Book III. ,fo. 156 b .)
In Dei nomine Amen undecimo die mensis
Novembris Anno domini nullesimo cccc mo Ixxxxiij".
Ego Thomas Pertryche de Schoteley senior compos
mentis et sane memorie condo testamentum meum
in hunc modum. In primis lego Animam meam
deo omnipotenti beate marie ac omnibus sanctis
Corpus que meum ad sepeliendum in Cimiterio
ecclesie parochialis de Schotley predicti. Item,
lego summo Altari eiusdem ecclesie vi" viij' 1 . Item
lego fabricando une fenestre in parte Australi dicte
ecclesie iij 1 iiij d . Item lego domini [sin] fratrum-
minorum de gippevvici pro uno trigintali pro anima
mea ad celebrandum x". Item lego domini [.s:c]
fratrum Augustini de Orford iij" iiij d . Item lego
Johanne filie mee uxori Johaniiis worry de villa
predicta duas pecias terre iacentes infra Sewair
croft cum domo k gardina sibi & heredibus suis
post obitum Agnetis uxoris nice. Item lego Agneti
uxori mee totum illud tenementum in quo habito
cum omnibus suis pertinentiig ubique jacent diu
quedam vixerit. Et volo quod post decessum uxoris
mee illud tenementum predictum cum pertinentiis
auis dividatur inter duos filios meos equaliter viz.
Thomam & Johannem Ita eque inter eos dividatur.
Et volo quod Johannes filius meus habeat mansiona
s. in. JAN. 7, 1905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
sua in meo tenemento predicto & heredibus suis ita
tanien quod Johannes predictus & heredes sui
solvant aut solutum faciant Thome p'tryche filio
meo predicto heredibus & executoribus suis unam
porcionem terre ad quantitatem mei dimidii
tenement! [? one word] inter vicinos videbitur
dividi. Insuper volo quod quis filiorum meorum
super vixit quod ille habeat sibi aut here-
dibus suis filiis ant filiabus imperpetnom. Et si
sorte aliquis filiorum meorum decesserit absque
[? licita] procreatione quod ex [?four words] tene-
mentum meum cum omnibus suis pertinentiis
vendatur <fc denarios ex eo provenientes dispo-
iiandos pro me uxore mea <fc parentibus meis. Item
lego Johanne filie mee predicte unum campum qui
vocatnr overyard quod sicut supra ilium donuim
edificet sibi & heredibus suis imperpetuum ita
lumen quod per campum predictum habeat via
pedestrium [?one word] que ad ecclesiam. Insuper
volo quod si executores mei non habeant in mobi-
libus unde pro me disponant quod vendant unam
peciam terre & pecunia inde provenienti disponant
prout Salute Anime mee videbitur expedire. Et
si Aliquis filiorum meorum voluerit illam porti-
onem terre comparare volo quod illi emant pro aliis
lego Thome filio Johannis verrey in pecuniis xx*
vel aliquod aliud ad valorem illius pecunie. Item
volo quod le g a vell pitte que jacet in pastura que
vocatur subfen quod exspendatur in emendandum
viam quod regiam & Alias non nisi conveniant cum
executoribus meis. Residuum vero de executoribus
viz. Thome Blosse seniori de Schotley Thome
p'tryche filio meo & Johanui filio meo quod ipsi
disponant pro salute Anime mee uti deo duce
videbitur. In omnisrei testimonium sigillum meum
apposui data die & Anno supra dictis hiis [his]
testibus Johanne pand' Symone merche Adam
bunsch. Item lego & do Thome p'trych filio meo le
wor' [*K.] growml apud fyschbane & quod habeat
siuun placitum in omnibus terris meis viz. venando
volucres capiendo.
Probatum &c. coram nobis apud Gippewicum
ultimo die meusis Januarii Anno domini supra
dictp. Et commissa &c. Thome Blosse & Thome
p'trich' executoribus juratis &c. Reservata [potes-
tate] Alleri coexecutori cum venerit &c.
No. III.
(Book XL, fo. 53". )
In the name of god Amen. And in the yere of
our lord god M 1 ccccc xxxij the xxiiij u Daye of
August I John P'tryche of Shotley in the Countie
of Boffin theDiocise of Norwich yeman beyng in
good memorye att that tyme lauded be god make
this my testament and last Will fErst I bequeth my
soule to the blessed Trinite our blissed ladye and
to all the holie companye of hevyn. And my bodie
to be buried in the cherch yerde of Shotley. Also I
bequeth to the highe Aulter of the said cherch for
my oblacions and tythes forgoten iijs; iiijrf. Also
I bequeth to my mother cherch of Norwich iiijtf.
Also I Will that myn Executors shall honestlie
bury me and kepe my xxx" Daye and my yere
Daye. Also I Will that myn Wyff shall haue
terme of her lyff myn tenement that I clwelle in
W' all the londes therto belongyng And all my
other tenements <fc londes both fre and copye
Where so euyr they Do lye Durying hir lyff naturall
and keping hir selff a wedowe. Also I Will aft r
my Wyffs deth that Margaret my Doughter haue
my teneme't callyd Harlyuggs and Popys felde
somtyme Jamys Brausyu. Also I Will aft r the
Decease of my Wyff the said Margaret shall haue
a close called Shorte londe close. Also I Will that
aft r my Wyffs deth Which of my two Doughters
Elizabeth and Margaret be habelest [ablest,
most able] to by my house that I dwelle
in W the Close the yerdys and gardeyn
plottys therto belongyng conteyneng by estimation,
iiij acres more or lesse payeng to there susters than
beyng a lyve or to there children of there bodies
laufullye begoton v markys starlyng to eu'y suster
that is to seye eu'y yere vjs. viijrf. to eu'y oon of
them till the s'm of x& be paide equallie to them or
to there children. Yf ony of myn Doughters Dye
be fore there mother that than I Will that there
susters than beyng a lyve shall haue porcion and
parte equallye to be deuyded be twyxt them or
there children beyng a lyve yf ony they haue lauful-
lye begoton As is before Writon. Also I bequeth
to the said Elizabeth my Doughter aft r her mothers
deth oon acre in newecroft callyd Dorokys acre w*
all the residue in the same felde. Also I bequeth to
the said Elizabeth aft r hir mothers dethe a medowe
callyd brodrushe Rye close & also [?f]ulsen o'y
Wyse called heyclose. And [fo. 53 b ] yf all my
doughters dye or there mother than I will that all
my nouses & londes whereso euyr they lye be solde
aft r my wyffs deth by her executors or assignors
And the money thereof comyng to be disposed in
messys and dedys of charite most pleasing god
and for saluacon of our soulys and all cristen
soulys. Reseruyd ahvey to there children yf ony
they haue than beyng a lyve v markys a pece
growyng & comyng of the sale of all myn tene-
ments & londes a fore writen. Also I bequeth
to my Wyff all myn moveabillys to do w' them
what she will payeng my dettys and p'formyng
this my last will and testament. Also I requyre
all my Eoffeoffers in all my said houses & londes to
deliue' estate whan they shalbe requyred to the
p'formaunce of this my last will and testament [? one
word] I make & ordeyn myn executrices my Wyff
Elizabeth myn doughter and Margarett to se this
my last will p'formyd. Also I will that my Wyff
shall have my Close called Parmentars otherwise
callyd Bettys close in fee simple that is to geue and
to selle. And also I will that John Smyth my
godson shall haue iij.. iiijrf. And also I do
faythfullie requyre and desire the p'son of Er%varton
S' Nycoll to be sup'viso 1 and assistent to my
executrices in good councell to the p'formaunce of
this my last will and testament & he to haue
vjv. viijtf. In witnesse whereof I haue putt to my
scale In the p'sence of Thomas Blosse and George
Warre w* other mo. Also I will that if ony of
my doughters stryve w* other or with my executrix
so that this my last will shall be hendered & take
noon effecte or onysute to be made that than I will
that hir parte shalbe deuyded & go equallie to the
Residue of hir susters non stry vyng. Be it knowen
to all men that 1 syr John Jermyn priest att the
instaunce of the good man p'trych [? end wanting].
Proved at Ipswich, 27 Sept., 1532, by the execu-
trixes.
No. IV.
( Book X III., fo. 51\)
In the name of god amen. I Margery Partrych
Syngylwoman of Shotteley beyng in good mynd &
hole memory the xxvj te day of March in the yere of
o r Lord god M'ccccc xxxviij te make of last will and
Testament in this man' folowyng ffyrst I bequeth
my Soule to Allmyghtie god my maker & to o'
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io- s. m. JAN-. 7, im
ILady saynt Mary & vnto all the holy companye of
Hevyn & my body to be buryed in the Cherch yarde
of Shotteley aforesaid. Item 1 bequeth my Ten'fc
lyeng in Dedh'm [in Essex] holdyn by Copy of
Courte Rolle w l all the londs therto belongyng
to my Syster Elyzabeth Partrych hyr heyers &
assigneis aft r the deth of my Mother Isabell Part-
rych And tlie Residue of all my goods I gene vnto
my Mother & my Syster Elyzabeth aforesaid for to
se me Honestlye buryed. Whom I make myn
executryces. Wyttenes of this my powre [poor]
Will and Testament Syr John Bulle pryst Rycharde
Maye & Margerye May w* other.
Proved at Ipswich, 8 Oct., 1538.
Dedham lies in the valley of the Stour,
which separates Essex from Suffolk. Ded-
ham is bounded by the Essex parishes of
Langham, Ardleigh, and Lawford, and the
.'Suffolk parishes of Stratford St. Mary and
East Bergholt. It is not improbable that from
'the Partridges of Shotley were descended
the Partridges whose history begins in the
registers of Stratford and the adjoining
parish of Higham in the years 1589 and 1585
respectively. See 'Partridge of Shelley
Hall ' in Muskett's ' Suffolk Manorial Farui-
'liea.' ii. 165-70.
No. V.
(Book XIII. , fo. 7 b .)
In the name of god Amen I Isabell pertryche
wedowe of the p'ish of Shotteley in Suff beyng in
; good mynde lawded be Jesu The iiij te daye of Apryll
& the yere of our lorde god M'cccccxxxviij"
make my last will & Testament in this man'
. & forme folowyng [fo. 8"] ffyrst I bequeth my
> soule to god to our ladye <fc to all the companye
in hevyn my body to be buryed in the cherch yarde
of Shotley I bequeth to the high Aulter ther iiij' 1
for my tythes forgotton & not don. Item I bequeth ij
Trentallys of three score masses to be said by some
honest pryst for my husbonds soule & myn ft our
ffrynds Soulls. Item I bequeth & geue to Johan
'Pette the yonger iiij nr Ewe lambys. Item I bequeth
to my doughter Elyzabeth p'trych my pece of
; grounde callyd Belts the which I gaue hyr State
in tyll such tyme as the said Johan Pette com to
the age of xx t! yerys. Then she to haue yt. And yf
yt fortune hyr to dye or [before] that tyme Than
the said pece of grouude to remayno to my said
. doughter Elyzabeth & to hyr assign' in ffee Symplee
'for en'. And I will the rente therof be payde
alweys & as yt hath eu' be in the house that I dwell
in. And also I geue to the said Johan Pette my
' Ten'tt callyd Burton when she comyth to the age
aforesaid. And yf she dye a fore the age Than
my said doughter Elyzabeth to haue yt in ffee
Symplee as ys aforesaid wreton. Also I geue to
the said Johan Pette oon Brasse pott next the best
whan she comyth to the age aforesaid. The Resydue
of all my gooddys moveabylls & vnmoveabyHs wher
so eu' they ley or be I geue to my said doughter
i Elyzabeth payeng my detts and honestlye buryyng
me. And eu' a monge as she may be some dedys
of Charytie to remembyr my soule my husbonds
soule & all Oystyn soulls or cause to be don.
Whom I ordeyri & make my sole executryx and
:Sup'vyso r Master Symoncle Nycolls p'son of Erwar-
.'toii whom I geue iij' iiij' 1 . These be wyttcnes of
this my last will and Testament Thomas Blosse the
elder Rychard Brome John Turno r Will'm Smyth
and John Branston the elder.
[Fo. 8 b ] Proved at Ipswich, 5 May, 1538, by the
executrix.
No. V. appears to be the last recorded will
of any Partridge of Shotley, but the following
notes prove that the name continued to
exist in the parish. The register is incom-
plete : baptisms begin in 1644, marriages in
1687/8, and burials in 1571. An examination
of the last section down to 1612 brought to
light eight entries relating to a family named
Patrick, and also the two following, both in
1604 :
The same daie [30 of August] An infant the
daughf of Thorn's patrich bur.
The 23 of December Thorn's Patrich the husband
of Mary bur.
The following notes are from various
sources :
1628, 22 April, marriage licence, Thomas
Fuller, widower, and Alice Pattriche of
Shotley, widow, to be married at S. Helen's,
Ipswich.
1639, 18 Oct., administration of Alice
Partrige of Shotley granted to her aunt
Susan, wife of William Browne, during the
minority of her sisters, Mary and Hester
Fuller.
1657, 26 Nov., administration of Alice
Partridge, late of Shotley, Suffolk, spinster,
granted to Henry Partridge, her uncle
(P.O C.).
1671, "John paterredg of Shotely singell-
man and Mary Barrnard ware married the
24th of August" (Brantham parish register)
1728, marriage licence, John Partridge, of
Shotley, Suffolk, to Ann Waller of the same,
at Mistleigh or Manningtree. E. M.
" QUANDARY." Many speculations have
been hazarded as to the origin of this word ;
but we have all of us overlooked a highly
important piece of evidence, to which Dr.
Ellis drew attention as far back as 1871.
The ' N.E.D.' gives the earliest quotation as
from Lily's 'Euphues': "in a great qunn-
darie," ed. Arber, p. 45, the date being
1579.
The next quotation is the very important
one from Stanyhurst's ' Virgil ' (ed. Arber,
p. 94) in which quanddre is so used as to show
that the accent was on the penultimate, the
date being 1582.
The next quotation is dated 1611. But
there is another notice of the word, in 1582,
which practically explains its origin. This
is from Rich. Mulcaster's ' First Part of the
Elementarie which 'entreateth chefelie of
io' s. in. JAN. 7, 1905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
the right writing of our English tung,'
printed at London, 1582.
In describing the sound of the letter e
Mulcaster says :
"Whensoeuer E is the last letter [in a word]
and soundeth, it soundeth sharp, as me, #<' [see],
v:e, ayre [agree]: sailing in the, the article, ye the
pronown, and in Latin words, or of a Latin form,
when tlieie be vsed Knglish-like, as certio r are [.sic],
qn.andare, where e, soundeth full and brode after
the origiuall Latin."
This is to say, that an expert in English
pronunciation, writing at the very time
when the word was quite new, distinctly
tells us that quandare is a word " of a Latin
form," and that it is used "English-like,"
i.e , with some very slight change. Dr. Ellis
remarks on this : " Observe that quandary
is referred to a Latin origin, quam dare, as if
they were the first words of a writ." See his
'English Pronunciation,' p. 912.
I much doubt if quam dare is right ; it is
difficult to see how a sentence can thus begin.
But if any one can produce an example, the
question will be settled.
My own guess is that quan: dare is a
playful mode of reference to the phrase
quantum dare, " how much to give." This is
a question which causes perplexity every
day, notably to one who contemplates going
to law, or contributing a subscription, or
buying any luxury or even any necessity.
At every turn this searching question puts
the thinker "in a quandary." For such an
abbreviation, compare rerbum sap., infra dig.,
pro tern., nem. con., &c.
WALTER W. SKEAT.
KNIGHTS OF WINDSOR. (See 5 th S. v. 209, 252 )
A paragraph from Australia, which has been
copied into The British Australasian, alludes
to the succession to an English baronetcy of a
Hobart cabman, and adds that "the position
carries an income of about 4,000^. yearly, and
residence at the Royal Foundation, Windsor
Castle." The statements as to income and
residence can hardly both be true, and may
neither of them be so. But a correspondence
as to the "Poor Knights" may be supple-
mented by this note. D.
"DOGMATISM is PUPPYISM FULL GROAVN."
(See 10 th S. ii. 520.)- Quoted, and I think the
source given, in Crabb Robinson's 'Diary.'
W. T.
" PRICKLE-BAT." Stickle-back, stickle-bay,
and j)rickle-back are well-known variants of
this friend of our childhood, and I think I
have come across dittle-bat. The above,
however, is a new acquaintance, and is to be
found in Hassell's ' Life of Morland,' p. 106,
where the author gives the title to one of his-
pictures as 'Children fishing for Prickle-
bats.' HOLCOMBE INGLEBY.
MARQUIS OF SALISBURY IN FITZROY SQUARE..
In the notices of the career of the late
Marquis of Salisbury which appeared in the-
newspapers on the occasion of his death,,
reference was made to the fact that in his
early days he lived in a part of London not
usually patronized by the members of our
great families. Amongst his London resi-
dences I saw no mention of No. 21, Fitzroy
Square, where he lived from 1860 to 1862.
He was then Lord Robert Talbot Oascoigne
Cecil, M.P. for Stamford. I have verified the
entry in the directory by the St. Pancras
rate- books, and find that the house was rated <
at 901. It is now occupied by the British
and Foreign Sailors' Society. R. B. P.
' THE NORTHAMPTON MERCURY.' (See 8 th S.
vi. 25.) As an addition to my note at the-
above reference, I send on the following
cutting taken from The Daily Mail of 3 De-
cember last :
" A famous county newspaper, The Northampton
Mercury, has just changed hands, the proprietors,.
Messrs. S. S. Campion & Sons, having sold it to a
local syndicate. This is the only paper in the
kingdom which can prove unbroken publication for
one hundred and eighty-four years. It has also the-
distinction of being the oldest privately-owned,
paper in England. It was founded in 1720 by
Robert Raikes, the philanthropist, and William
Dicey, ancestor of Professor Dicey. The founders
started the famous Dicey Chap-books, and remainedi
for over fifty years the principal producers of chap-
books and broadsheets."
JOHN T. PAGE.
West Haddon, Northamptonshire.
DEATHS OF THE AGED. In The Guardian's
obituary list of 14 December last forty- three
deaths are recorded. In six cases the age is-
not stated. Of the remaining thirty-seven
eleven were aged ninety and over the senior
being the Rev. George Elton, M.A.Cantab.,
aged ninety-five; eleven were between eighty
and ninety; eight between seventy and eighty;
five between sixty and seventy ; onefifty -eight,
and the youngest of the whole list fifty-two.
Out of the whole forty-three thirty-one were
males. It would be easy to supplement this
list from other papers. An aunt of my own
died on 1 December in her ninety-ninth
year. The unseasonably severe cold at the
end of November was, no doubt, the cause
of a large proportion of these deaths.
CECIL DE.EDES.
Chichester.
JAMES CLARENCE MANGAN. In the intro-
duction to his 'Life of Mangan' Mr. D. J.
6
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io- s. 111. JAN. 7, iocs.
O'Donoghue quotes the following statement
from a memoir prefaced by John Mitchel
to his edition of Mangan's poems : " He
n-ever published a line in any English
periodical." Tins statement is disproved, by
the sudden appearance to the writer of an
oversetting of Schiller's poem ' Hope,' which
is to be found in vol. vii. N.S. of Chambers' s
Journal, April, 1847. This poem, which does
not appear in any edition of Mangan's poetry,
runs as follows :
The future is man's immemorial hymn.
In vain runs the present a-wasting :
To a golden goal in the distance dim
In life, in death, he is hasting.
Ihe world grows old, and young, and old,
iJut the ancient story still bears to be told.
Hope smiles on the boy from the hour of his
birth ;
To the youth it gives bliss without limit ;
It gleams for old age as a star on earth,
And the darkness of death cannot dim it.
*ts rays will gild even the fathomless gloom
When the pilgrim of life lies down in the tomb.
Never deem it a Shibboleth phrase of the crowd,
Never call it the dream of a rhymer ;
I lie instinct of Nature proclaims it aloud :
We are destined for something sublimer.
Ihis truth which the witness within reveals
Ihe purest worshipper deepliest feels.
J. C. Mangan.
J. CRAUFORD NEIL.
2, Dolphin Terrace, S.C.R., Dublin.
." (See 9 th S. xi. 227.) Some
American students at Gottingen told me
that they have heard the term " black betty "
used in the United States of a kind of " black
pudding" or "haggis." On p. 50 of 'A
.New Dictionary of Americanisms,' by Sylva
Clapin, one reads: " Hetty, the straw-
bound and pear-shaped flask of commerce,
in which olive oil is brought from Italy."
E. S. DODGSON.
[The latter meaning is noted in the 'N.E.D.'J
MATTHEW ARNOLD'S ' HORATIAN ECHO.'
This poem appeared first in The Century
Guud Nobly Horse for July, 1887. Arnold
was a constant reader of this magazine, and
on his expressing a wish that "something
could be done" to render its publicity less
restricted, a friend one of the leaders of the
Guild suggested that the poet might him-
self do something " by sending them a con-
tribution. In reply, while pointing out his
inability, through pressure of work, to
promise anything," the illustrious patron
agreed that "if he could make anything of
;a little Horatian Echo, in verse, which had
Jam by for years, discarded because of an
unsatisfactory stanza, they should have it "
Within a few weeks the revised MS. was
sent, bearing the date 1847 "a relic of
youth quite artificial in sentiment," but
containing "some tolerable lines, perhaps."
The friend above alluded to, upon receipt of
the poem, wrote back inquiring whether the
author had not intended the title to be in
the plural or ' An Horatian Echo.' To this
"the ex-School-Inspector " answered that if
the plural were used it was to be Echoes, not
Echos ; but "the composer" thought that
" the singular was preferable." Hence the
title as we know it ' Horatian Echo.'
W. BAILEY-KEMPLING.
MILLIKIN-ESTWISLE FAMILIES. Extracts
are given below from the will of Catherine
Price, of the parish of St. Mary, Woolnoth,
in the City of London :
" To be buried in the churchyard of Lee, Kent.
Mentions indenture bearing date Nov., 1743, be-
tween Henry Price, then of the parish of Saint
Bride's (my late husband), and Francis Smith, of
the parish of St. Paul, Covent Garden, relating to
10 acres of land in Unwell, in the county of Norfolk;
15 acres in Upwell, in a place called .Netmore, in
the occupation of John May ; also lot of 16 acres
called Lake's End, in Upwell, in the occupation
of John Raper ; also the ' Hen and Chickens ' in
Whitechapel High Street, in the occupation of
John Allen ; also one undivided third part of tene-
ments in Noble Street, in the parish of St. Olave,
Sikver [? Silver] Street.
"Bequeaths 'Hen and Chickens' to Mary Ent-
wisle, Margaret Entwisle, and Jane Millikin,
widow, all of Lombard Street, London, milliners,
and immediately after their decease to the use of
Halley Benson Millikin, son of the said Jane
Millikin. Legacies to ' my cousin Robert Smith,'
4 Elizabeth Caton, niece of my said late husband.'
Mary Entwisle sole executrix. Witnesses Basil
Herne, Basil Herne [sic], William Herne.
"Dated July 8, 1764. Proved Nov. 14, 1765, by
Mary Entwisle, sole executrix." P.C.C., Register
Rushworth, fo. 423.
A correspondent says :
" Part of Lombard Street is in the parish of
St. Mary, Woolnoth, and I conjecture that in her
second widowhood Catherine Price went to live
with the sisters Eutwisle.
" As to the houses and land which appear to have
been settled on the second marriage of Catherine,
it is not clear whether they originally formed part
of her estate or of that of Henry Price. Possibly
the part of tenements in Noble Street came to her
From her first husband."
The purport of the above will be made
rather more clear by adding that Katherine
Price, younger surviving daughter of Dr.
Edmond Halley, had first married, 2 October,
1721, Richard Butler, of St. Martin '8-le-Gran.fi,
widower (cp. published 'Register of Church
of St. Margaret, Lee,' p. 13). Her second
liusband was Henry Price, who died in
January, 1764.
Reference to the marriage of James Milli-
kin. and Jane Entwisle, 26 October, 1749,
io* s. in. JAN. 7, iocs.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
was made at 9 th S. xi. 85 ; xii. 185. Their
son Halley Benson Millikin (born circa
1750 ?) must have received his first Christian
name in consequence of an early acquaint-
ance (if not blood relationship) existing
between the respective families.
EUGENE F AIRFIELD Me PIKE.
Chicago, U.S.
WE must request correspondents desiring in-
formation on family matters of only private interest
to affix their names and addresses to their queries,
in order that the answers may be sent to them
direct.
PLUNDERED PICTURES. In one of the
admirable "Murrays," which seldom nod,
though sometimes, as in the case of the
charges of what was the dearest hotel in the
world, they become out of date by reason of
change, I find a paragraph which is worth a
query. It is in the handbook which includes
Lyons. The account of that provincial
museum needs some alteration. There are
at least four pictures of great literary interest
which are not named, probably because the
writer of the handbook despised the nine-
teenth century. The lives of George Sand
and of Madame de Stae'l are conspicuously
illustrated by two of them ; the Romantic
movement by a third ; and the Napoleonic
story by a fourth. Moreover, the frescoes of
Puvis de Chavannes now need notice.
The query is called for by an allusion to the
"Lyons Perugino" as having been " presented
to the city of Lyons in 1815, by Pius VII."
Is not this one of the hundred pictures,
mostly Peruginos, which were "comman-
deered " from the city of Perugia and
its inhabitants by the French revolutionary
forces? Is it not the case that when the
Duke of Wellington marched the High-
landers into the Louvre to see that the Pope
got back his pictures, which Louis XVIII.
was most unwilling to give him, there were
only two Peruginos there 1 I always heard
that the excellent taste which dictated the
robbery at Perugia of exactly the right
things was at that time in advance of the
taste manifested in Paris by the art authori-
ties. The result was that, of all the admirable
pictures by Perugino captured, only two were
thought good enough for the Louvre, and all
the others had been scattered to the pro-
vinces. The Duke of Wellington had trouble
enough over getting back the pictures
in the Louvre, without bothering to repeat
the process in every provincial museum.
The Pope did not send back the two to
Perugia, of which they had been the glory,
but retained them in the Vatican, where they
are still. Did he add insult to injury by
giving to France the others which he did not
retain for his own glory ? How were they
his to give? D.
TARLETON, THE SIGN OF "THE TABOR," AND
ST. RENNET'S CHURCH. In ' Twelfth Night,'
III. i., we have :
Viola. Save thee, friend, and thy music : dost
thou live by thy tabor ?
Cloicn. No, sir, I live by the church.
Viola. Art thou a churchman ?
Clown. No such matter, sir : I do live by the
church ; for I live at my house, and my house doth
stand by the church.
In Act V. i. 42, the Clown says: "The
bells of Saint Bennet, sir, may put you in
mind."
Malone stated that "The Tabor" was the
sign of an eating-house kept by Tarleton,
the celebrated clown or fool of the theatre
before Shakespeare's time. Boswell said that
Malone was mistaken, and that the sign of
Tarleton's house was "The Saba," meaning
the Queen of Sheba. See Boswell's ' Malone's
Variorum,' 1821.
In a recent pamphlet it is stated that
Malone was right ; that Tarleton's house
was at " The Sign of the Tabor " ; and that,
moreover, it was next to St. Bennet's Church
in Gracechurch or Gracious Street. If this
is true the two passages quoted would seem
to be most interesting topical allusions, and
tend to fix a much earlier date for the play
than is usually assigned it. What are the
facts, so far as can be ascertained 1 Was it
" The Tabor " t And was there a St. Bennet's
Church in Gracious Street ? QUIRINUS.
New York.
MARRIAGE SERVICE. What is the origin
of ' The Form of Solemnization of Matri-
mony' in the Book of Common Prayer? Who
was the author of the service as it now
stands ? If it is a translation, from what
Roman office is it translated? There is no
corresponding office now existing in the
Roman liturgy. B.
BRIDGES, A WINCHESTER COMMONER. In
1833 William Thomas Bridges, only son of
Capt. Philip Henry Bridges, R.N., entered
Winchester College as a Scholar. His record
is as follows : C.C.C., Oxon., B.A. 1843, M.A.
184G, D.C.L. 1856; barrister, Middle Temple,
1847 ; Acting Att.-Gen. at Hongkong, 1854-7;
m., 1856, Frances Gertrude, widow of
Carrow, and d. of Broderip ; d. 30 Sept.,
1894. Names to fill in the above blanks will
be welcomed ; but the purpose of this query
8
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io< s. m. JAX. 7, i%5.
is to discover whether the above is identical
with "Bridges, son of Capt. Bridges, of
Court House, Overton," who became a Com-
moner at Winchester in Short Half, 1837. If
not, who was the latter 1 ?
JOIIN B. WAINEWRIGHT.
AUTHORS or QUOTATIONS WANTED. I am
anxious to learn the author of the following :
Be sure that Love ordained for souls more meek
His roadside dells of rest.
Also
As in a gravegarth count to see
The monuments of memory.
A. M. T.
ST. ANTHONY OF PADUA. The cult of
this saint is often referred to as a recent
development in the Roman Catholic Church,
notably in France and in Ireland. But in
' Lavengro ' (vol. i. chap, ix., edition 1851)
George Borrow makes an Orangeman of
Clonmel in the year 1815 drink "to Boyne
water and to the speedy downfall of the
Pope and St. Anthony of Padua." Can any
one furnish information as to the nature of
the cult of the saint at that period? Was
his invocation then used, as now, as a means
of recovering lost property 1 and why did an
Orangeman nearly ninety years ago single
him out for execration, together with the
Pope ? B.
COUNT A. DE PANIGNANO : HOLLOWAY.
On 15 and 16 December, 1853, a collection of
autographs and MSS. belonging to the former
was sold by Messrs. Puttick & Simpson at
their Great Room, 191, Piccadilly. In the
catalogue is " Lot 94, Letters of Charles I."
They were bought by a person named Hol-
loway. Who was this count, and where did
he live in 1853? Also, who was Holloway,
the purchaser? what were his initials? is he
alive now ? and, if so, where does he live?
C. MASON.
29, Emperor's Gate, S.W.
COMET c. 1580. In the registers of the
French Church in Southampton is mentioned
a public fast, 6 April, 1581, to deprecate the
Divine wrath " threatened in the appearance
of the Comet which began to show itself on
the 8th of October and which lasted until the
12th of December" ('Relics of Old South-
ampton,' 1904, p. 75). Has this comet been
identified ? C. S. WARD.
EARL OF MONTROSE. Mr. Andrew Lang, in
his 'St. Andrews' (London, 1893), mentions
(p. 228) an account-book kept by the tutors of
the youngEarl of Montrose while he was study-
ing there in 1627 to 1629. Have these accounts
ever been published ? and, if not, where can
the originals be consulted 1 L. L. K.
STATUE IN A CIRCLE OF BOOKS. A new
edition of Thomas Hey wood's ' Pleasant
Dialogues and Drammas' (1637) appeared in
1903 at Louvain, under the careful editorship
of Prof. W. Bang, as one of the series of
"Materialen zur Kunde desalteren Englischen
Dramas." This very miscellaneous volume
includes an epitaph on Mrs. Katharine Skip,
who died in 1630, and also the following :
" Of Mr. Thomas Skipp her husband, since de-
ceased, and buried in the same Tombe, whose Statue
is plac'fc in a circle of Bookes, for the great love he
bore to learning.
What stronger circle can Art-magick find
Wherein a Scholers spirit can be confind,
Than this of Bookes? next how he spent his time,
Scorning earths drosse to look on things sublime.
So long thy love to learning shall be read,
Whilst fame shall last, or Statues for the dead."
This verse naturally provokes the inquiry if
this statue "in a circle of books" is still
extant ; if so, where?
WILLIAM E. A. AXON.
Manchester.
WALKER FAMILY. Peter Walker married
Rebecca Woolner, in Suffolk (probably at
Ipswich), about 1770. He held some scholastic-
appointment at Oxford or Cambridge. Their
daughter Charlotte married Lieut. Francis
McLean, R.N., at St. George's, Hanover Square,
25 December, 1802.
John Walker, vicar of Bawdsley, Suffolk,
and a minor canon of Norwich Cathedral,
died at Norwich in 1807, aged fifty-two.
I shall be very glad if any reader will
kindly give me information regarding the
parentage of either Peter or John.
ALASDAIR MACLEAN.
2, Willow Mansions, Fortune Green, Hampstead.
SOLITARY MASS. The Roman Church, I
understand, does not permit a priest to say
Mass without at least the attendance of a
server. Is this rule ever relaxed ? or has it
ever been ? For instance, if a priest is alone
in a heathen land can he celebrate quite
alone ? I read somewhere that Dr. Pusey
used to celebrate every morning in his college
rooms at Oxford. If this is true, did he
always have a server ?
FRED. G. ACKERLEY.
Libau, Russia.
STATUTES OF MERTON. Which is the
correct version of the famous saying in
connexion with the above : " Nolumus leges
Anglise mutare," or " Nolumus leges Angliae-
mutari" ? I have seen both, in my numerous,
references.. The first mentioned would seem
io* s. in. JAX. 7, 1905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
9
to be the correct one, to judge from the fact
that the speakers were asked to sanction a
new style of legislation, and not whether they
would or would not alter the laws of Eng-
land. JOHN A. RANDOLPH.
"BROKEN HEART/' What is the origin of
the metaphorical pathology expressed in the
sentence, " She died of a broken heart " ?
MEDICULUS.
CALLAND. I should be glad to obtain
information about Augustus, Charles, and
George Calland, who were all three admitted
to Westminster School on 12 January, 1784.
Charles matriculated at Oxford from Christ
Church, 3 April, 1788, and was admitted to
Lincoln's Inn in the following year.
G. F. K. B.
CHARLES HOPE WEIR. I desire to know
the date of the death of Charles Hope Weir,
the friend of Adam Ferguson. He was living
in Edinburgh in 17G1. Where can an account
of him be found ? D. E.
New Bedford, Mass.
HORSESHOES FOR LUCK. In suspending
them on walls or nailing them on doors which
is the right side upwards? I have always
considered the front of the shoe should be
top, but I know several people who maintain
the reverse, although they can give me no
reason for so doing. What is the rule 1 I
notice in Fred Barnard's frontispiece to the
"Household Edition "of 'Dombeyand Son'
a horseshoe is represented on a shed door
back upwards. JOHN T. PAGE.
West Haddon, Northamptonshire.
GODIVA'S BIRTHPLACE. Is the birthplace
of Godiva known ? The ' D.N.B.' is silent on
the point. A. R. C.
FLORIDA. " In 1763 it was ceded to Great
Britain by the Spaniards in return for
Havana. Vigorous efforts were made by the
British Government to promote settlements
by liberal grants of land to settlers.'' The
above is a quotation from an encyclopedia,
which also states that a Mr. Drake, I believe,
has written a ' History of Florida from the
Earliest Days.' Unfortunately I could not
find this in the Free Reading - Room in
Liverpool. An ancestor of mine died
possessed of a large tract there, and if I
could see the original grants of land and the
grantees, I could fill in one or two important
gaps in the family pedigree. Where in
London can I find names, &c , of grantees ?
I suppose duplicates of grants were made.
M.A.Oxox.
"WASSAIL."
(10 th S. ii. 503.)
I FEAR no one can possibly accept the
proposal to regard the Icel. veizla as the
original of wassail; for it would obviously
have only given some such form as wait set.
It does not explain the ai in the second
syllable.
I see that the passage from Robert of
Gloucester which is already quoted in my
dictionary is again quoted in ' N. &, Q.' But
my reference to "Hearne's Glossary, p. 731,"
has been wholly neglected. It seems hard
that such indifference should lead to a new
and unjustifiable etymology.
As I fear your readers will not take the
trouble to refer to this "p. 731," I take the
opportunity of doing so on their behalf. On
that page Hearne gives " a remarkable frag-
ment," as he calls it, from an old MS. ; and he
also refers us to the word queme in his Glos-
sary. There he gives yet another passage,
which is of great interest. I give it here in
prose :
" Lord king, Wassaille, said she [Rowena]. The
king asked what that might mean ; for he knew
nothing of that language [English]. A knight had
learnt their language in youth. His name was
Brey [or Brey], and he was born a Briton ; he had
learnt the language of the Saxons. This Brey was
the interpreter of what she had told Vortigern.
' Sir,' said Brey, ' Rowen greets you, and calls you
king, and addresses you as lord- This is their
custom and their manner, when they are at the ale
or feast. Each man that loves wherever it may
seem good to him shall say Wasseille, and drink to
him. The other shall say again Drinkhaille. He
that says Wasseille drinks of the cup, and, kissing
his companion, gives it up to him. DrinkheiUe, saj s
he, and drinks thereof, kissing him in jest and play.'
The king said, as the knight had taught him,
' Drinkheille' smiling on Rowen. Rowen drank as
pleased her, and gave it to the king, and afterwards
kissed him. This was, indeed, the first Wassaille,
and that first one became famous. Of that Wo&a/Slt
men talked a good deal, and [said] Wassaille when
they were drinking their ale. Many times that
young maiden wassailed and kissed the king," &c.
I fear I owe an apology to those who con-
sult my dictionary. It never occurred to
me that any one would cast a doubt upon
this extremely well-known story, and so I
quoted from Robert of Gloucester only. Of
:ourse, I ought also to have quoted the much
older account in Layamon, which simply
settles the question. See vol ii. pp. 175, 176.
I give the earlier and later texts side by side,
but modernized :
Dear friend, wens hail ; Dear friend, wassail ;
The other saith, drinc The other saith, dring-
haU. hail.
10
NOTES AND QUERIES. [iu"- s. m. JAN. 7, 1905.
And again :
The custom came to this The custom came to the
land, land,
Wivs hail and drlnc hceil. Wassayl and drmg-hayl.
As the older and better text has woes
hail, i.e., " be thou hale," where the later
one, written by a Norman scribe with frequent
mistakes (observe his dring /), has wassail, I
can see no more to be said. We thus have
the most sure evidence in a first-rate authority
(from a philological point of view) that the
phrase which was intelligently written as
wees hail by an Englishman was stupidly
turned into ivassail by a Norman scribe who
had something to learn.
WALTER W. SKEAT.
The wassail song, of which MR. ADDY
quotes a very corrupt version from Sheffield,
is well known in many parts of the country,
and is published, with music, as No. 37 of
Novello's ' Christmas Carols,' price Id. In
the Bradford district I have heard the
children sing :
Here we come a-wesselling
Among the leaves so green ;
An' here we bring our wesley-bob,
The fairest to be seen.
For it is the Christmas time,
When we travel far an' near ;
So God bless you, and send you
A Happy New Year.
In Novello's version the third line is weak,
Here we come a- wandering ;
and the Bradford version, though its wassail
bowl is corrupted to "wesley-bob," points
to the real original. In Bradford the
wassailers are usually girls, and their "bob "
consists of an elaborately dressed doll,
sitting under an arch of flowers, ribbons,
and " green " ; the whole coverea with a
fair white linen cloth, which is raised from
time to time for spectators who are likely
to contribute. Presumably the doll was
originally the Virgin and Child.
H. SNOWDEN WARD.
Hadlow, Kent.
The following is part of a carol sung in
Leicester by children, and the tune and the
words, I am told, have not altered during the
last fifty years :
I have a little whistlebob,
Made out of holly tree
The finest little whistlebob
That ever you did see ;
For it is a Christmas time,
When we travel far and near,
And I wish you good health and
A Happy New Year.
The expression a " load " of holly or mistletoe
s still used in the market here every year,
meaning a bunch, no matter how small.
HARRY H. PEACH.
Leicester.
CHRISTMAS CAROLS : WAITS: GUISERS (10 tu
S. ii. 504) Mumming or guising was a custom
maintained down to a comparatively late
;ime, and it would be of much interest to know
whether the custom still survives in Oxford-
shire or other counties. A note in Brand's
Antiquities,' 1853 (Sir Henry Ellis), says
that it was in that year common in Oxford-
shire, where at Islip the mummers either
alacked their faces or wore masks, and
dressed themselves up with haybands tied
round their arms and bodies. Thesmaller boys
Dlacked their faces and went about singing :
A merry Christmas and a Happy New Year,
Your pockets full of money, and your cellars full of
beer.
And the following lines were still sung at
bhe Christmas mummings in Somersetshire :
Here comes I, liddle man Jan ( ? January),
With my zword in my han !
(? the keenness of winter)
If you don't all do
As you be told by I,
I '11 zend you all to York
Vor to make apple-pie.
To this day, I believe, the (dis)guisers go
about in the north of Scotland visiting their
friends on both Christmas Day and New
Year's Eve. The new-comer is, of course, on
account of his disguise, treated as a stranger,
but the hospitality of the host never fails on
this account. A poor girl begging, a pedlar
selling little wares, a farmer's wife who has
lost her way, or any other personation which
is at once likely to be credible and to afford
occasion for clever acting or ready wit, is
resorted to. Generally the guest reveals his ot-
her true self before departing ; and in the
remote islands of Shetland, where through
the long winter the people are wholly depen-
dent on " home-made '' interests and amuse-
ments, this idea is worked out moreelaborately.
The plan is for some of the young people of a
neighbourhood to band themselves together
disguised, and then, in a troop, to visit the
houses of the lairds or the large farmers.
See further The Osborne Magazine of some
few years ago ; and there is a good deal of
information on this curious subject in Brand's
' Antiquities,' 1853 (Ellis), vol. i. pp. 461-6.
J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.
" AN OLD WOMAN WENT TO MARKET '
(10 th S. ii. 502). An account of the sources
whence have come the stories of ' The House
that Jack Built' and of 'The Old Woman
who couldn't get her Pig over the Stile' will
in. JAX. 7, wo*.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
11
be found in Edward Clodd's ' Childhood of
Religions,' pp. 126-7, and a bibliography of
the subject in Note E, p. 262. Mr. Clodd
quotes the poem at the end of the Passover
subjects used by the Jews, which some of
them " regard as a parable of the past and
future of the Holy Land." H. A. STRONG.
University, Liverpool.
The late J. O. Halliwell (' Nursery Rhymes
and Tales of England,' pp. 112, 131) notes
the coincidence pointed out by ME. WATSON,
and says that the historic interpretation was
first given by P. N. Leberecht in 1731, and is
printed in The Christian Reformer, vol. xvii.
p. 28. YGREC.
BRINGING IN THE YULE " CLOG " (10 th S. ii.
507). Probably MR. RATCLIFFE is aware that
there is an old proverb " Dun 's in the mire"
or "As dull as Dun in the mire.' 3 "Dun"
is evidently the name of a horse, and the
saying no doubt had its origin in the dreadful
state of the roads in early times, although
one knows many a country by-road, to this
day, where "Dun " might easily be stuck in
the mire. The old English custom consisted
in dragging the Yule "clog," or "log," through
the mud to its resting-place on the brand-
irons, preparatory to its consumption on
Christmas Day. It was done with the cere-
monies alluded to, of dancing and other
accompaniments of any kind of noise and
ebullitions of joy. In Herrick's ' Hesperides '
one of the 'Ceremonies for Christmasse' is
Come bring, with a noise,
My merry, merry boys,
The Christmas log to the firing ;
While my good dame she
Bids ye all be free,
And drink to your hearts' desiring.
I think it is worthy of note that "dun," or
dark red or brown, was often interchange-
able with the sanguine colour, a symbol of
the sun ; and I would ask whether it is not
possible that the Yule log, being, as it is
thought by Brand, a winter counterpart of
the Midsummer fires, made within doors
because of the cold, is not a relic of sacrifice
to the sun-god. What is certain is that
objects even approaching the sanguine colour,
like "dun," were sacred to the sun, whose
rays were certainly typified by horses. In
a note to Ben Jonson's masque of ' Christ-
inas,' Gifford says of this joyful pastime that
a log of wood, called Dun the cart-horse, is
brought into the middle of the room, and
some one cries out, "Dun is stuck in the
rnire ! " Two of the players then come
forward, and, with or without ropes, com-
mence to try to drag it out. They pretend
to be unable to do so, and call for help.
Some of the others join them, and make
awkward attempts to draw Dun out of the
mire, in the course of which the log is made
to fall on the toes of some of the players.
"As dull as Dun in the mire" occurs in Ray's
' Proverbs ' (Bohn), and Douce, in his 'Illus-
trations of Shakespeare,' also alludes to it.
J. HOLDEN MAG-MICHAEL.
[In the West Riding we heard in boyhood the
phrase
Olive-coloured dun,
Ugliest colour under t' sun.
This has no bearing on the question under dis-
cussion, but seems worth recording as folk-phrase.]
"Clog" and "log" must have been
synonymous terms.
N. Bailey, in his 'English Dictionary,' 1759,
defines dog to mean a load or log.
John Brand, in his ' Popular Antiquities,'
1795, heads a chapter 'The Yule Clog or
Block, burnt on Christmas Eve,' and fre-
quently refers to it in the same sense.
The Gentleman s Magazine for August, 1790,
says :
"At Rippon in Yorkshire, on Christinas Eve,
the chandlers sent large mold candles and the
coopers logs of wood, generally called Yule Clogs,
which are always used on Christina* Eve. ; but
should it be so large as not to be .all burnt that
night, which is frequently the case, the remains
are kept till old Christinas Eve."
A writer in the same magazine for February,
1784, says :
" That this rejoicing on Christmas Ece had its
rise from the Juul, and was exchanged for it, is
evident from a custom practised in the Northern
Counties of putting a large dog of icood on the fire
this evening, which is still called the Yide clog."
Southey, in ' The Doctor ' (1834), says :
" Clogg was the English name, whether so called
from the word log, because they were generally
made of wood, and not so commonly of oak or fir
as of box, or from the resemblance of the larger
ones to clogs, wherewith we restrain the wild,
extravagant, mischievous notions of some of our
dogs, he knew not."
EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.
71, Brecknock Road.
On the "Yule-block," see Hone's 'Year-
Book,' col. 1110, and on the "Yule-log,"
'Book of Days,' ii. 734, with an illustration.
In East Yorkshire " clog " was the word, not
log." W. C. B.
CHRISTMAS UNDER CHARLES I. (10 th S. ii.
505). On this see ' Hudibras,' part i. canto i.
1. 227 :
Quarrel with Mined Pies, and disparage
Their best and dearest Friend Plum-Porridge.
E. E. STREET.
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io* s. in. JAN. 7, IMS.
"CuRSALS " (10 th S. ii. 509). The "farm of
cursals " probably belonged to one of tbe
"Cursal Prebends" of St. Davids. Why
these were so called has not been quite satis-
factorily explained. See 'X.E.D.'
J. T. F.
Winterton.
PATRICK BELL, LAIKD OF ANTERMONY (10 th
S. ii. 487). The estate of Antermony, or more
properly Auchtermony, originally belonged
to the Flemings, Earls of Wigtown, and was
probably acquired by Alexander Bell, the
father of Patrick, before the middle of the
seventeenth century. Alexander was suc-
ceeded by his eldest son James. Patrick Bell,
the second son, studied and held a bursary
in theology in the University of Glasgow,
1G78-83. He became minister of the parish
of Port of Menteith, May, 1683; succeeded his
brother in the paternal estate 1685 ; and was
deprived of his benefice by the Privy Council
in 1689, for not reading the Proclamation of
the Estates, 'not praying for their Majesties
William and Mary, and not observing the
thanksgiving. As his successor in the parish
was not appointed till 1697, it is probable
that some understanding was arrived at
whereby Bell continued his ministrations till
that date. When he left he carried off a
quantity of the session records with him, and
refused to give them up until legal proceed-
ings were taken against him in 1706. He
married Annabella, daughter of John Stirling,
of Craigbarnard, and died 4 July, 1722,
having had issue at least two sons : Alexander,
who died vitd patris, a,nd John, who succeeded
to Auchtermony. He was a merchant in
Constantinople and a distinguished traveller,
and was sent by the Emperor of Russia on an
embassy to Persia, 1715-18, and to China,
1717-22 He published 'Travels in Diverse
Parts of Asia,' 2 vols. 4to, Glasgow, 1762-3,
and died 1780. J. B. P.
The Rev. Patrick Bell, minister of Port of
Menteith, born in or about 1660, studied and
held a bursary of theology at Glasgow Univer-
sity from 1678 to 1683. He was presented by
Higgins of Craigforth to the living of Port,
to which he was admitted on 15 May, 1683.
He was deprived of his benefice by the Privy
Council on 3 October, 1689, for not reading
the Proclamation of the Estates, not praying
for their Majesties William and Mary, and not
observing the thanksgiving. On 2 December,
1685, he was served heir to his brother James,
who died without issue, in the barony of
Antermony (not Auterraony), in the parish
of Campsie, Stirlingshire. They were sons
of Alexander Bell, a writer in Edinburgh,
who had probably bought the property.
This Alexander married, before 1657, a name-
sake, probably a relative, Grizel Bell, daughter
of James Bell, Provost of Glasgow, whose
wife was Isobel, sister of Campbell of Blyths-
wood. Grizel was one of Provost Bell's three
daughters and heirs-portioners. The Provost
had a son Patrick, a merchant in Glasgow,
who predeceased his sisters. He had married
Margaret, daughter of James Hamilton, of
Dalziel. The Rev. Patrick married Annabella,
daughter of John Stirling, of CraigbarneL
They had a son John and a daughter Grizel.
John was born in 1691, and passed as a phy-
sician in 1713, and went into the Russian
service, and accompanied embassies from that
country to Persia and China. He was a keen
Asiatic traveller, and was for some years in
Constantinople. He wrote ' Travels from
St. Petersburg to Various Parts of Asia.' In
1746 he married Mary Peters, and settled at
Antermony, where he died, without issue,
aged eighty- nine. The half-sister of Mary
Peters was Jane, daughter of Benjamin Vigor,,
of Fulham, who married the last Earl of
Hyndford in the Scottish peerage, and died
in 1802, aged eighty-six. Dr. Bell sold Anter-
mony to Capt. John Lennox, reserving, how-
ever, his life-rent. His sister Grizel married
a Mr. Brown and had two daughters, who
were both dead by 1766, and are interred in
the churchyard of Glasgow Cathedral. See
further Scott's 'Fasti,' ' The Retours,' ' Scots
Lore,' and others there cited.
J. L ANDERSON.
Edinburgh.
Patrick Bell was educated at Glasgow
University (1678-83), and was married (not
born, as stated) in 1685. He was the last
of the Episcopalian clergymen, and was
deprived of his living (Port of Menteith) by
order of the Privy Council, 3 October, 1689,
for not reading the Proclamation of the
Estates, and for refusing to pray for their
Majesties King William and Queen Mary.
Shortly after 1689 he was served heir, in
succession to his elder brother, of the estate
of Antermony, of which his father, Alexander
Bell, was former proprietor. From what
stock Alexander Bell first of Antermony
came would be interesting to hear ; also
the name of his wife, who, it is surmised,
was related to or connected by marriage
with the Grahams of Gartur.
HENRY PATON.
[Information as to Alexander Bell's wife is sup-
plied above by MR. ANDERSON.]
MRS. CAREY (10 th S. ii. 449). It is singular
that two correspondents of ' N. & Q ,' at an
s. in. JAN. 7, woo,] NOTES AND QUERIES.
interval of fifteen years (see 7 th S. viii.),
should inquire for a "Mrs. Carey," although
the lady referred to was well known at the
commencement of the last century as Mary
Anne Clarke. Huish, in his ' Memoirs of
George IV.,' also calls her "Mrs. Carey."
Did she ever adopt that name?
In the preface to the work ' Evidence and
Proceedings upon the Charges preferred
against the Duke of York,' by Col. Wardle,
M.P., 1809, now before me, she is stated to
have been the daughter of a Mr. Farquhar,
and to have been married at the age of fifteen
to Mr. Joseph Clarke, the son of a respectable
builder of Snow Hill, London, the offspring
being two boys and a girl then living. In
1802, in consequence of Mr. Clarke's dissolute
life, she separated from him, and in the
following year placed herself under the pro-
tection of the Duke of York. These par-
ticulars differ in every respect from those
given in 1 st S. iv., 4 th S. xi., xii., 6 th S. xi.,
7 th S. viii., 8 th S. vii., 9 th S. vii.
EVERARD HOME GOLEM AN.
71, Brecknock Road.
" HE SAW A WORLD " (10 th S. ii. 488). The
lines quoted seem to be a confused remi-
niscence of a verse by William Blake in
' Auguries of Innocence,' a poem beginning
thus :
To see a world in a grain of sand,
And a heaven in a wild flower :
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,
And eternity in an hour.
See his 'Poetical Works,' edited by W. M-
Rossetti, p. 180 (Bell & Sons, 1891).
C. LAWRENCE FORD.
BIRTH AT SEA IN 1805 (10 th S. ii. 448, 512).
Perhaps this birth may be entered in the
records of the Royal Navy at the Admiralty
in Whitehall, or at the Public Record Office.
If the ports are known from which the
vessel departed and at which she arrived in
1805, Lloyd's List and .Lloyd's Register of
Shipping (at the library of Lloyd's, Royal
Exchange, London) would show the names of
the vessels which left the port of departure
in 1804-5, the ports they sailed for, the dates
of departure from, and of arrival at each,
respectively, and their owners' names.
The newspapers, gazettes, magazines, &c.,
of that time, both at the ports of de-
parture and of arrival, would probably
give the list of passengers embarked and
landed. If the business of the then owners
be traced down to the present time, it is
probable that the log or journal of the
particular vessel required may still bo in
existence, and contain an entry of this birth.
If the vessel belonged to the Royal Navy r
her log should be at the Public Record Office
or perhaps at the British Museum. If she
belonged to, or was hired by, the East
India Company, her log would be at the
India Office, Whitehall.
The birth would not have been officially
registered in England, as the Act 6 & 7
William IV., cap. 86, sec. 20, making a record
of births compulsory, did not come into force
until 1 March, 1837. It is also impossible
to say positively where it would be found,
either as a birth or a baptism, in any
ecclesiastical record in England, or even iff
entered in any such record. But in any
case, if the name of the vessel be known,
there can be no very great difficulty to find
a record of the birth, especially if the ship's-
log or journal is extant. C. MASON.
29, Emperor's Gate, S.W.
THE MUSSUK (10 th S. ii. 263. 329, 371, 431).
Olufsen, in ' Through the Unknown Pamirs,'
p. 44, writes :
The chief means of water transport employed
is made of the entire hide of an animal, the skin of
a goat or wolf being preferred. It is tanned quite
smooth, the holes at the head and three of the legs
are tied taut, while in the fourth leg is placed a
wooden tap with a wooden stopple. Through the
tap the skin is blown full by the native, who seizes-
the tap with his left hand, and with his left elbow
presses the distended hide close up to his chest.
He now throws himself into the stream, and whilst
the hide keeps him above water, he, with his legs-
and right arm, works slantwise across the river."
There is more on the same subject.
H. A. ST. J. M.
If MR. RALPH THOMAS has not yet succeeded
in procuring an illustration of the skin-boat
from India, he may perhaps be interested to-
find an account, with a photograph, of the
senai, as it is called on the Indus, in that
very pleasant book Gore's ' Lights and Shades
of Hill Life in the Afghan and Hindu High-
lands of the Punjab,' pp. 121 ff.
EMERITUS.
'STEER TO THE NOR'-NOR'-WEST ' (10 th S.
ii. 427, 490). I shall be much obliged to any
one who will inform me who was the captain-
to whom this incident is said to have happened.
My grandfather, the late John Matthews,
of St. Ives, Cornwall, owner and master of
the schooner Eldred, who died in Australia
1866, was a master mariner from about 1825-
to 1850, and made several voyages across the
Atlantic. Many years after his death, a
reputable person informed the deceased's
son that he (Mr. Matthews) had related the
14'
NOTES AND QUERIES. no* s. in. JAN. 7, 1905.
story as having happened to himself, begging
the said person on no account to repeat it
during the narrator's lifetime. This is why
I am anxious to get at the facts.
JOHN HOBSON MATTHEWS.
Monmouth.
" FORTUNE FAVOURS FOOLS " (10 th S. ii. 365,
491). It seems not unlikely that this proverb
is an adaptation of an older one, viz., " Fortune
favours the hardy man, "in Chaucer's ' Troilus,'
iv. 600. This may have been applied, in
particular, to the fool-hardy man. Chaucer
'had it from Virgil's "Audentes Fortuna
iuuat," 'yEn.,' x. 284. It also occurs in
Terence, ( Phormio,' I. iv. 26.
WALTER W. SKEAT.
BANANAS (10 th S. ii. 409, 476). In El Grdfico
of Madrid, Niimero 187, for 17 de Diciembre
de 1904, MR. J. PLATT will see a confirmation
of MR. JAGGARD'S opinion as to the superiority
of the bananas grown in Las Cariarias. On
p. 8, in an illustrated article headed 'Los
Platanos de Canarias : Esplendida Exporta-
tion,' these words occur :
"El platano es originario de Asia, de donde en
tiempos remotos paso al Africa, llevandolo despues
nosotros a America, y aun en el Mediodia de la
Peninsula pueden cultivarse con exito, aunque
nunca son tan sabroeos y tiernos como los canaries, y
pocas plantas le igualan por la majestad y ele-
gancia desu aspecto, la amplitud y la bellezade sus
hojas, la riqueza de su floracion, las cualidades de su
fruto y las numerosas utilidades que de todo el se
obtienen."
E. S. DODGSON.
SCHOOL SLATES (10 th S. ii. 488). In con-
nexion with this subject it is worth while
recalling these remarkable lines in Chaucer's
Roundel, which has been named 'Merciless
Beauty ' :
Love hath my name y-strike out of his sclat,
And he is strike out of my bokes clene
For ever-mo ; ther is noil other mene.
Surely slates are not very modern.
WALTER W. SKEAT.
Slates " to write upon " must have been in
use long before Walpole's time (1781), for. they
are so described by Thomas Dysch, the author
of the 'New General English Dictionary,'
1754, and by Dr. Ash in his 'New and Com-
plete Dictionary of the English Language,'
17J5. EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.
71, Brecknock Road.
I have a small book of accounts connected
with a night school carried on in this village
some eighty or ninety years ago. Under
date 5 November, 1820, is the entry " 1 doz.
of slates, 4s. 6d." These would presumably
be the small plain slates without frames
which I remember to have seen in use in the
charity school here about forty years ago.
This note may not prove of much use as a
reply to your correspondent's question, but
the recorded price of school slates at the
time named is not without value.
JOHN T. PAGE.
West Haddon, Northamptonshire. .
RICHARD OF SCOTLAND (10 th S. ii. 408, 449).
By far the best account of this personage
is to be found in a pamphlet of 96 pages, by
the late Thomas Kerslake, called ' Saint
Richard the King of Englishmen and his
Territory, A.D. 700-20 ' (1890).
Mr. Kerslake was a careful and painstaking
investigator who has left many valuable
notes and papers on historical subjects. He
traces St. Richard's connexion with St. Boni-
face and Willibald down to his burial at
Lucca, proving that he was "Rex Anglorum, : '
as stated on his tomb in an epitaph of seven
lines. The subject is led up to in a previous
pamphlet, published in 1879, 'Vestiges of the
Supremacy of Mercia, 1 &c.
In addition to the ' Hodceporicon of St.
Willibald,' the late Bishop Brownlow read
papers before the Devon Association at
Twerton in 1891, on ' The Brother and Sister
of St. Willibald,' and at Plymouth in 1892,
on 'St. Boniface in England.' Both papers
are printed in the Transactions of the Devon
Association for the years as above, and con-
tain much matter of interest in connexion
with St. Richard. F. T. ELWORTHY.
" STOB " (10 th S. ii. 409, 495). I see no reason
why stob may not be the usual M.E. tfob,
which is the modern stub. Cf. A.-S. stybb,
Icel. siubbi, a stump of a tree. It might
easily have been the name for a " clearing "
where the stubs had been left. I do not
admit "corruption"; it is a word used in
the interest of guessers who wish to infringe
sound-laws. To me, Olive does not suggest
" holy " ; it rather suggests Olaf.
WALTER W. SKEAT.
Stobe occurs as the name of a family in the
north of England, as I have a book-plate
label of John and Ann Stobe, Whitehaven,
1803. A. H. ARKLE.
VINCENT STUCKEY LEAN (10 th S. ii. 466).
As bearing on the question raised at this
reference it may be interesting to place on
record that " A Bill to enable Persons of
Irish Birth or Extraction to adopt and use
the Prefix O, or Mac, before their Surnames,"
was introduced into the House of Commons
by Mr. MacAleese and other Irish members
in the session of 1898. The third section of
io<s.in.jAN-.7,i905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
15
that Bill was as follows : " All ancient statutes
prohibiting the use of O or Mac before Irish
-surnames are hereby repealed." It is evident
that the promoters of the Bill were under
the impression that the prefixes mentioned
were prohibited by law, although they were
apparently unable to refer to the particular
statutes. When the Bill was in Committee
the Attorney-General for Ireland stated that
there was " no statute or principle of common
law to prevent any one taking the prefix O
or Mac." The Bill was afterwards dropped,
.and has not been reintroduced. It may,
therefore, be inferred that its promoters were
convinced that the supposed "ancient
statutes " have no existence in fact.
F. W. READ.
MR. ALASDAIR MACGILLEAN wishes to know
if at any time the prefixes Mac and O were
prohibited in Ireland. In 1465 (5 Edw. IV.
cap. 3) a law was passed enacting
"" that every Irishman that dwells betwixt or
amongst Englishmen in the County of Dublin,
Myeth, Uriell, and Kildare shall take to him an
English surname of one town or colour or
arte or science or office.'' Blue-book on 'Sur-
names in Ireland,' 1894, p. 15 : Irish Ptnny Journal,
1841, p. 383.
I myself know that it was fashionable in
Belfast forty years ago, and doubtless earlier,
when a person "came into town" to drop the
paternal O or Mac. I have known persons
named Connor, Allen, Waters, and Alexander,
whose rural relatives still retained the original
cognomens of O'Connor, McAllen, McWaters,
and McElshender. Dr. Killen, in his 'Remi-
niscences,' 1901, p. 172, says :
" The Rev. Henry Cooke is by far the most cele-
brated name connected with the ministry of the
Irish Presbyterian Church in the nineteenth cen-
tury. When he entered College he was known as
MacCooke, and is so designated in the earliest
printed Minutes of the Synod of Ulster. He dropped
the Mac from his name before he appeared as a
licentiate."
There are families of the name of Leane,
out as they all occur in county Cork or
Kerry, I presume they are of pure Irish
extraction, Leane being the ancient Gaelic
name for the Lake of Killarney.
JOHN S. CRONE.
INSCRIPTION ON STATUE OF JAMES II. (10 th
S. i. 67, 137). The inscription given in the
first reply at the second reference corresponds
with that now on the pedestal, except that
in the latter there is "gratite" instead of
"gratia," and that there are full stops after
at D and c in the date, while there is none
at the end.
The second reply says that the inscription
faas evidently been shorn of its greater part
and the last word altered. The words quoted
in the query were only an extract, i.e., the
first two lines. The inscription as given by
Chamberlayne in the 1723 edition of his
4 Magnte Britannia? Notitia,' to which refer-
ence is made, is actually shorter than the
existing inscription, in that JCOBUS appears
instead of JACOBUS, and the date " 1686 "
(Arabic figures without "anno") is given,
instead of "Anno M.D.C.LXXXVI " (Roman).
Also there are five commas and two full stops,
which do not appear in the pedestal inscrip-
tion. On 11 August, 1904, in the House of
Commons, Lord Balcarres, representing the
First Commissioner of Works, replied to a
question drawing his attention to the error
in the Latin inscription. He said :
"The inscription is a facsimile of that on the
original pedestal. When the statue was removed
some years ago from Whitehall-yard it was found
to be necessary to renew the pedestal, but it was
thought best to make no alteration in the old
inscription, which was probably contemporaneous.
In the circumstances the First Commissioner of
Works considers it would be preferable to leave
it alone." See Times, 12 August, 1904.
There is no doubt that " gratise " for " gratia "
was in the inscription on the old pedestal.
I have seen at the Office of Works the rubbing
taken from it.
One would think that a grammatical error
was not worth renewing. If the mason had
cut an extra c in the date, I suppose that the
official mind would have thought it right to
reproduce it. ROBERT PIERPOINT.
BENJAMIN BLAKE : NORMAN : OLDMIXON
(10 th S. ii. 447). The 'D.N.B.,' under John
Oldmixon (1673-1742), the historian and
pamphleteer, says :
"In his 'History of the Stuarts' (p. 421), Old-
mixon, speaking of the disinterment of the remains
of Admiral Blake, a native of Bridgwater, says that
he lived while a boy with Blake's brother Hum-
phrey, who afterwards emigrated to Carolina. Mr.
John Kent of Funchal has pointed out that Old-
mixon was in all probability author of the ' History
and Life of Robert Blake written by a Gentle-
man bred in his Family,' which appeared without
date about 1740."
This publication is called by Prof. J. K.
Laugh ton, under Admiral Robert Blake, "an
impudent and mendacious chap-book."
No doubt your correspondent has consulted
MR. JOHN KENT'S reference to the Norman
family at 8 th S. v. 149. A. R. BAYLEY.
Could Oldmixon be Old Mikes son ? Mike
was formerly pronounced with an ee.
DR. GUSTAV KRUEGER.
Berlin.
TRAVELS IN CHINA (10 th S. ii. 408). Two
"lists of works of various descriptions re-
16
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io* s. m. JAN. 7,
lating to that long-shut-up empire " v\'ill be
found in 5 th S. v. 232 ; vii. 342, to which I
may add Earl Macartney's ' Embassy to
China,' by Sir George Staunton, Bart., be-
tween September, 1792, and September, 1794.
EVERARD HOME UOLEMAN.
71, Brecknock Road.
" MR. PlLBLISTER AND BETSY HIS SISTER "
(10 th S. ii. 408). This rather long and
humorous poem may be found in ' Old-
Fashioned Children's Books,' published by
Andrew W. Tuer, at the Leadenhall Press,
in 1900, entitled 'The Dandy's Ball.' The
original date given is 1823, but nothing is
said about the author's name. In this edition
the poem is profusely illustrated with coarsely
executed woodcuts in facsimile.
JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.
Newbouroe Rectory, Woodbridge.
WHITSUNDAY (10 th S. ii. 121, 217, 297, 352).
We, too, call the first Sunday after Easter
u'eissen Sonntaa. This was, and with Roman
Catholics is still, the day when children were
confirmed, for which solemnity the girls were
dressed in white. Catholics keep this up to
the present day ; with Protestants various
customs prevail. In my part of the country
the girls wore white dresses during the con-
firmation, but black ones when receiving the
Communion for the first time.
G. KRUEGER.
Berlin.
SUPPRESSION OF DUELLING IN ENGLAND
(10 th S. ii. 367, 435). Other books on this
subject are George Neilson's ' Trial by Com-
bat,' 1884 ; L. Sabine's ' Notes on Duels and
Duelling, Alphabetically Arranged,' 1855 ;
Thomas Comber's ' Discourse of Duels,' 1687
(not in Lowndes); Douglas's 'Duelling Days
in the Army ' ; Mackay's ' Extraordinary
Popular Delusions,' <fec. ; 'Belgian Anti-
Duelling Association,' in Chambers' s Edin-
luryh Journal, 28 December, 1839; 'Old
London Duelling Grounds,' in Chambers' s
Journal, 12 January, 1895 ; an account of
De Boutteville, one of the greatest duellists
of the seventeenth century, in Macmillaris
Magazine, about September or October, 1903 ;
'In the Days of Duelling.' in Pearson's Macia-
zme, 1900; 'Duels and Duelling,' a "turn-
over" in The Globe, 16 October, 1903.
Duelling was checked in the army in 1792.
boon after this an anti-duelling influence was
beginning to be felt among civilians. In The
Gazetteer for 2 April, 1796, it is said :
" Another duel has been prevented by the inter-
ference of Justice Addington, who, at the insti-
gation of some friends to harmony, granted a
warrant against Messrs. Didelot and Onabatti, two
of the Opera Corps, who had agreed to settle some-
difference in an honourable way in Hyde Park. On
being apprehended, they were brought before Mr.
A. at Bow-street, and persuaded to shake hands it*
good fellowship."
The last duel of any note between English
subjects on English ground is said to have-
been in May, 1845, between two lieutenants,.
Hawkey and Seton, the latter being killed.
French duels may sometimes have a ridicu-
lous ending, and Mark Twain did well to-
acquire a French duelling-pistol to hang on
his watchchain as a charm, before they be-
came extinct ; but we also had our funny
scenes. A droll occurrence
" took place at Venn (?) between the son of a respect-
able chemist of Plymouth and the son of a retired
gentleman. It appears that they had a slight
quarrel about a young Jady, and neither being dis-
posed to relinquish his Love for her, they decided
on a duel. They fired, two rounds each, neither
wishing to hit the other,, because they regarded
their own lives better than. to. give them up for the
person they were fighting for." Chemist, and!
Druygist, 14 January, 1860.
The last duel in Scotland was, I believe,,
between Mr. (afterwards Lord) Shand and
another, when the seconds, however, loaded
the pistols with a charge of powder only !
J. HOLDEN MA&'MliGHAEL.
I was told by my father, seventy years agoj.
that the stoppage of duelling was brought
about by an incident at Kingston-on Hull,,
when a young married officer, refusing on
account of poverty to join the mess, received
a challenge in the shape of a Round Robin-
from all his fellows, and was killed in the-
first encounter. Is any authority for this,
story known to exist? H. T.
ANGLES : ENGLAND, ORIGINAL MEANING
(10 th S. ii. 407, 471). In connexion with the
communications on the above subject, per-
haps it may not be out of place to direct
attention to the following statement, culled
from that great work ' The Conquest of
England,' by John Richard Green, M.A.,
LL.D. (Macmillan & Co., 1883) :
" It may be well to note that the word ' Angul-
Saxon' is of purely political coinage, and that no man
is ever known, save in our own day, to have called!
himself 'an Anglo-Saxon.' The phrase, too, applied
strictly to the Engle of Alercia and the Saxons of
Wessex, not to any larger area. For the general
use of ' Engle ' and ' Saxon,' I must refer my
readers to Mr. Freeman's ' Norm. Conq.,' i. A pp. A."
-Vide p. 193.
HENRY GEP,ALD HOPE.
119, Elms Road, Claphsm, S.W.
PENNY WARES W^^BD (10 th S. ii. 369, 415,
456). 'Index to the Periodicals of 1891, f
p. 127, has "Penny Dinners," 'Index, to th
io- s. in. .TAX. 7, 190-1] NOTES AND QUERIES.
17
Periodicals of 1892,'^ p. 147, has " Penny
Provident Fund of Xew York." ' Index to
the Periodicals of 189"),' p. 158, has ''Penny
Dreadfuls"; also "Penny Provident Fund
of America/' 'Index to the Periodicals of
1899,' p. 169, has "Penny in the Slot
Machines." 'Index to the Periodicals of
1900,' p. 171, has " Penny and its Story/'
"Penny Meals,'' " Penny Patriotism." "Penny
Toys," ' Penny for your Thoughts." ' Index
to the Periodicals of 1901, : p. 182, has "Penny
and its Value in 1693." Gatty's ' Hunter's
Hallamshire,' 1869, p. 168, has "Fuller's
penny knife." ' Index to the Periodicals of
1896,' p. 154, has ''Penniless Poor."' 'Index
to the Periodicals of 1897,' p. 162, has
41 Pennies : Tricks with Pennies." H. J. B.
What are "Garden Pennies"? In Mait-
land's 'History of London' (vol. ii. book viii.
p. 1354) occurs the following paragraph :
"This [Stepney] being at present a Rectory im-
propriate, the Principal and Scholars aforesaid
[King's Hall and College of Brazen-nose in Oxford]
receive the Great Tithes ; an 1 the Incumbent, for
his Support, the small, Easter Offerings, Garden
Pennies, and Surplice Fees; which are very con-
siderable."
JOHN T. PAGE.
West Haddon, Xorthamptonshire.
I find a note made in 1866 that Penny
Readings were commenced in 1859 by Messrs.
Sulley and Cowing at Ipswich.
R. J. FYXMORE.
Sandgate.
SPLIT INFINITIVE (10 th S. ii. 40f>). I am
glad that MR. EDWARD SMITH has intro-
duced the split infinitive to these columns,
because we may now hope to have an authori-
tative pronouncement on the subject. It has
been observed at the first reference that " the
two leading novelists of the English world,
Mr. Meredith and Mr. Hardy, both tolerate
this usage." It may be added that it was
frequently employed by Robert Browning.
In the face of these authorities, one would
like to know on what foundation the objec-
tion to the usage is based. Is it grammatical,
logical, or historical ? But first of all the
organic structure of the infinitive must be
explained, because it is on this, if on any-
thing, that valid objection can be taken. To
feegin with. What part of speech is the to of
the infinitive It is obviously quite a dif-
ferent thing from the preposition to, indicat-
ing direction :
To be, or not to be, that is the question.
To err is human : to forgive, divine.
It is plain that the to in these lines is entirely
distinct from the to in such a sentence as " I
am going to London." But our pundits ay
you may not qualify a verb by inserting ail
adverb between this to and the verb. As a
matter of fact, a number of verbs have
actually been qualified by an affix. We
have, for instance, to outrun, to foresee,
to misquote, to counteract, and many
others. Why is it right to say " to outrun/'
but wrong to say " to quickly run " ? Why
may we say " to misquote," but nob " to
wrongly quote " ? All this seems to me to
require working out, and I, for one, demand
something more than the i/)se dint of a
reviewer. I do not think, with MR. EDWARD
SMITH, that our increasing acquaintance with
French literature and fuller intercourse with
the French people have anything to do with
the growth of the locution. Our intercourse
with literary France was closer in the days
of Horace Wai pole. I believe the usage has
arisen solely from a desire to emphasize more
clearly the qualifications of the verbs we
employ.
Macaulay (and indeed every writer) con-
stantly employs the split infinitive in the
passive voice of the verb. Is "to be tho-
roughly spoilt" right, and "to thoroughly
spoil : ' wrong ? And on what ground is it
justifiable to split the auxiliary and the
verb } I read in to-day's paper that A has
publicly asked for something and has been
publicly congratulated, and that B will
shortly formulate certain terms. Does the
splitting of the auxiliary and the verb stand
on a different footing from the splitting of
the mysterious to and the verb? and, if so,
why? W T . F. PRIDEAUX.
EXCAVATIONS AT RICHBOROUGIT (10 th S. ii.
289, 373). Other works on this subject are :
" Battely (A.), Antiquities of Richborongh and
Reculver. abridged from the Latin, map and plate,
p. Svo (1774)." Priced iu a recent second-hand
catalogue at &*.
" Smith (C. Roach), Antiquities of Richborough,
Reculver, and Limne, illusts. sq. Svo (18o<))."
Priced in the same catalogue at 10.. (xl. and lii--.
Two copies, apparently the same edition.
H. W. UNDERDO WN.
PARISH CLERK (10 th S. ii. 12 215, 373).
Much information on this subject will be
found in the thirty-sixth volume of the
Trant'tctions of the Devonshire Association,
just issued, in a paper by the Rev. J. T.
Chanter, entitled ' The Parish Clerks of
Barnstaple, 1500-1900. With a Survey of the
Origin and Development of the Order of
Parish Clerks and their Status at Different
Periods' (pp. 390-414).
T. X. BRUSHFIELD, M.D.
Salterton, Devon.
18
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io* s. in. JAN. 7,
CIIILTERN HUNDREDS (10 th S. ii. 441, 516).
A very valuable and authoritative work on
the above is 'The Stewardship of the Chiltern
Hundreds,' by F. S. Parry, C.B., published
officially by Eyre & Spottiswoode in 1893.
FRANCIS G. HALEY.
'THE DEATH OF NELSON' (10 th S. ii. 405,
493). The epitaph on the Duke of Cumber-
land, subsequently used in ' The Death of
Nelson,' was printed in ' The Words of such
Pieces as are most usually performed by the
Academy of Ancient Music,' second edition,
1768, p. 199. T. Norris, Mus.Bac., is given
as the composer's name. H. DAVEY.
15, Victoria Road, Brighton.
NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.
The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques, and
Discoveries of the English Nation. By Richard
Hakluyt. Vols. IX., X., and XI. (Glasgow,
MacLehose & Sons.)
ALT, but completed is the worthy task, boldly and
patriotically undertaken and brilliantly executed by
Messrs. MacLehose, of placing within reach of the
reading and studious public the record of English
adventure and empire-building in the most brilliant
period of our national history. The work is, indeed,
virtually in the hands of the student, what remains,
though indispensable and all-important, being to a
great extent in the nature of index and appendix.
With the appearance of each succeeding instalment
the sense of the importance of the task accom-
plished becomes augmentingly obvious. To say
that 'The Principal Navigations' is unknown
would be extravagant. It is an avowed classic,
standing side by side with the works which are our
chief national treasures, and leagues in front of
our chronicles. At the same time, it is unfamiliar
to the general public, for the reason, before all
others, that it has long been inaccessible. That
excuse for ignorance is now withdrawn, and Hak-
luyt must henceforward form part of every library
claiming consideration. Perusal has hitherto been
practically confined to those occupied with
historical studies. It should now extend to al!
interested in the growth of empire and the
exploration of countries outside the range oi
classical knowledge. Deeply interesting chapters
are opened out in the later volumes. In vol. ix
we are occupied ^yith voyages to Florida and New
Mexico, explorations of the Gulf of California, anc
visits to the city of Mexico. Of poignant interest
is the account of the attempt, under Rene Goulaine
de Laudonniere and Jean Ribaut, at the direction
of Coligny and with the sanction of Charles IX., t
found a Huguenot colony in Florida. At first th
attempt met with a certain amount of success, anc
the relations between the native chiefs and the
French invaders were of the most amicable nature
The deplorable result was that the Spaniards, treat
ing the Huguenots after their fashion, massacrec
the whole of the prisoners. Apart from othe
matters of interest, it is pleasant to read of th
protection afforded the fugitives by Hawkins, wh
upplied Laudonniere with food and clothing, and
>laced at his disposition a vessel on which t<
scape. These incidents belong to 1564-6. French,
authorities, in dealing with Laudonniere, make
ittle mention of Hakluyt. Laudonniere himselr
mblished in 1586 ' Histoire Notable de la Floride r
ontenant les Trois Voyages fails en icelle par des-
Japitaines et des Pilotes Francais.' It is in a sense
atisfactory, though it has nothing to do with the
ubject, to find that these murders by the Spaniards,
at which Charles IX. connived, were revenged by
Dominique de Gourgues, a celebrated mariner, who-
n consequence had to fly France for his life .and
accept employment from Elizabeth. A novel on
he subject of these conflicts, entitled ' Le Tahon,
appeared in Le Siecle in 1857- A portrait of Lau-
donniere by Crispin de Passe, from the Grenville
^ibrary in the British Museum, is given ^at }>. 4..
Much interesting information concerning Florida is-
supplied, and we hear of the practice of scalping, of
the existence of bison, &c. Some of the statements
are somewhat hard to credit, as when we are told ot
people considerably over two hundred years old,
A portrait of Raleigh, which serves as frontispiece,
s after an original attributed to Zucchero in the-
Dublin Gallery. An admirable portrait of Hawkins,
a map of the world by Peter Plancius, 1594, maps
of Florida and of the coast of China, with views or
ships in the navy of Henry VIII., are in the same
volume. Fine portraits of Drake, Sir Robert
Dudley, and Sir Anthony Sherley, with other maps
and plans of surpassing interest, follow in vol. x.
Among the contents of this volume are the exploits
of Drake and Hawkins, both of whose deaths are
described, as well as those of other Ehzabetnau
neroes. In the eleventh volume are descriptions or
explorations of the coast of Brazil, the Straits ot
Magellan, the South Sea, "and round about the
circumference of the whole earth." Herein we
have a brief account of the two voyages of Mr.
William Haukins of Plimmouth, father to Sir
John Haukius, Knight, and his bringing over
the Brazilian king, who was presented to King
Henry VIII., but died on the return voyage.
Portraits of Thomas Cavendish and Sir Christopher
Hatton, with other designs of surpassing interest,
are given. We might easily go on for ever, since
there is no point at which to stop ; but considera-
tions of space forbid further amplification. 1 he-
volumes are, of course, a treasure-house rich ana
inexhaustible, and the manner in which the task or
republication is executed is such as to commend the
work to every lover of fine books. It is pleasant t
know that the reception of the reprint has surpassed
expectation, and has emboldened the publishers to
undertake the issue in a similar form of ' Hakluyt u
Posthumus; or, Purchas His Pilgrimes, a work
even rarer than that of which it is a continuation.
This, founded on materials left by Hakluyt, has
not previously been reprinted. All the maps (over
seventy in number) in the 1625 edition will be
reproduced, the fine title-page will be executed in
facsimile, and the work will be enriched by a com-
plete index upon a scale corresponding to modern
requirements. Of this a thousand copies only,
all of which will doubtless be subscribed for before
publication, will be issued. Two volumes wil
appear in the autumn, and it is hoped that t
entire work will within a couple of years be in the
hands of the subscribers. The last copy of t
original, in anything like a good condition, though,
defective in some respects, brought by auction 44/.
io* s. in. JAN. 7, 1905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
19
7Y<<3 Work* of William Shakespeare. " Stratford
Town" Edition Vol. I. (Stratford-on-Avon,
Shakespeare Head Press.)
SENTIMENTAL reasons must count among the motives
to the production of the superb edition of Shake-
speare of which the first volume is now before us.
Nothing is more natural than that the birthplace
of Shakespeare should give to the world an adequate
and sumptuous edition of her greatest son. As the
home of Shakespeare, Stratford-on-Avon claims, a
species of supremacy among cities, and ranks as a
shrine with Delphos. It is useless for London even,
the scene of Shakespeare's triumphs, to contest the
supremacy with the Warwickshire home, seeing
that if it be urged that Shakespeare is England's
poet, and not Stratford's, it may with equal justice
be maintained that he is not England's poet, but
the world's. "He was not of an age, but for all
time," Jonson's immortal utterance, may be supple-
mented with, He was not of a place, but for the
world. Stratford has, however, elected to have an
edition of its own,and in supplyingsuch has met alike
the requirements of the book-lover and the scholar.
So far as regards the latter there is matter for
hearty congratulations. Which of us has not wished
for a text undisturbed by note and undefiled by
conjecture? There are tens of thousands of readers
who require explanations of Tudor phrase and a
history of the growth of Shakespeare's tex-t. For such
men have laboured diligently and well, and between
the publication of the great Variorum text of all the
commentators, with its monstrous growth of eru-
dition and absurdity, and the new Variorum of Dr.
Horace Howard Furness, now in progress, innumer-
able editions, appealing to every class of readers,
have seen the light. Ample room remains for an
edition such as is now given us, and the moderate
number of subscribei's to which appeal is made
one thousand in all might, we should suppose,
easily be quintupled. Adhering for a moment to
the sentimental aspects, we may say that the work
is printed in the house of Julius Shaw, one of the
poet's most intimate friends and one of the witnesses
to his will. The house in question is situated two
doors to the north of New Place, and, so far as the
main structure is concerned, has undergone little
change since the poet's days. For the text Mr.
A. H. Bullen, the best, and sanest of editors, to
whom are owing the best editions we possess of
the early dramas, is responsible. Its aim, as
announced, is to stand midway between Dyce and
Clark and Wright, the editors of the Cambridge
text, less austere than the latter, but more rigorous
than the former. So far as we have gone in com-
paring the present text with that of the Cambridge
Shakespeare, a labour in which naturally we cannot
proceed far, the advantage, so far as regards
adherence to the First Folio, is with the new work.
Such differences as we have found, however,
though fairly numerous, are rarely important.
The first volume, which contains four plays,
' The Tempest,' ' Two Gentlemen of Verona,' ' The
Merry Wives of Windsor,' and ' Measure for
Measure,' has for frontispiece a fine reproduction
of the Droeshout portrait. Its preliminary matter
consists of 'The Epistle Dedicatory,' by John
Heminge and Henry Condell, to the Earls oi
Pembroke and Montgomery, the address ' To the
Great Varietie of Readers,' Ben Jonson's address
' To the Reader,' ' The Names of the Principal
Actors in all these Plays,' the 'Commendatory
Verses,' and the 'Additional Commendatory Verses,'
all from the 1623 folio. In paper, text, typography,
&c., the volume leaves nothing to be desired. A
more beautiful and luxurious, and, so far as we are-
able to judge, more accurate, commendable, and
desirable edition of Shakespeare does not exist.
The, Poore's Lamentation for the Death of Queen
Elizabeth. (Printed for private circulation.)
To our valued friend Mr. Alexander Smith, of
Glasgow, with whose knowledge and zeal as a
bibliophile our readers are familiar, we owe thi
handsome and interesting reprint of a unique
poetic tract preserved in the Malone Collection-
in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. Anonymous in
authorship, this work was issued in 1603 for
Thomas Pauier in " Cornehill" "at the signe of
the Cat and the Parrets." It was known to John,
Payne Collier, who has left an account of it from.'
which Mr. Alexander Smith quotes. An elaborate-
eulogy of Queen Elizabeth, whom in alliterative
fashion it calls
Our good and Godly gracious royall Queene,
it no less fulsomely eulogizes her successor, for
whom it invokes a life thrice exceeding that of
Nestor. Not very considerable is it as poetry, bub
it is scarcely below the average of the didactic or
elegiac work of the epoch. It has, however, some-
historic value, giving a rimed account of the suffer-
ing of the princess in the reign of Bloody Mary
during her transference from one place of confine-
ment to another. The verse is nai've at times, and
we find lines such as the following :
Elizabeth, Elizabeth, I say,
From little England now is torne away.
A genuine service to letters is rendered by those
who preserve such waifs and strays of our early
literature, and we own our obligation to Mr. Smith
for allowing us to count the reprint, of which-
twenty-five copies only are issued, among our
possessions.
Photograms of the Year 1904. (Dawbarn & Ward.) 1
THE advance in photographic art which Photo-
grams has at once assisted and chronicled is happily
maintained, and much of the work exhibited in the
present volume is fully entitled to rank as art. The
frontispiece, entitled ' L'Effort,' exhibits wonderful
effects of light, and it is followed by some splendid
landscape effects of French origin. From all parts-
of the world they come, until it must puzzle the
most competent to award the prize of merit. The-
composition is not in every case quite successful,,
but the collection may be studied with delight as
well as advantage.
The Clergy Directory and Parish Guide, 1905.
(Phillips.)
THE thirty - fifth annual issue of this admirable
directory is before us, and once more fulfils every
condition of excellence. It is thoroughly up to
date, supplies all information to be expected in a
work of its class, and is, as experience shows, the
handiest and most convenient of similar com-
pilations.
The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs.
THE frontispiece to The Burlington consists of
' The Good Shepherd,' a wall painting of the third
century, in the Catacomb of Prtetextatus. This is
wonderfully reproduced in colours. Mr. A. H.
Smith deals with 'The Sculptures in Lansdowne
20
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io* s. in. JAN. 7, iocs.
House ' seven of which are well reproduced. Opus
AnXanum, the Syon Cope,' is treated by May
Morris and is also illustrated. Following tins
-comes a third article on 'The Carvallo Collection,'
wS again is followed by Part II. of Mr. Hodg-
iin's ' Transfer Printing on Pottery.' Six volumes
of this excellent periodical have now appeared.
MR P LA.NDOX sends to The Fortnightly a warm
.encomium upon London. When the home-sick
traveller rejoces in the sight of the white cliffs of
AlbTo ?it is not England, but " the deep humming
tong"" of Westminster and the pigeons that dip
and utter round the Eleanor Cross of Charing" tor
which he reallv pines. Mr. Francis Gribble deals
with 'Sainte-Beuve,' on the failures of whose life
*e has much to say. Sainte-Beave, he declares,
was "equally famous as a litterateur wd notorious
Is a libertine." For critical acumen Sainte-Beuve
Raised but in other respects he is severely
udwd 'Eton under Hornby' is pleasantly anec-
Ztal Mr Edward Dicey contributes some ^ Recol-
lections of 'Arthur Sullivan,' descriptive of him as
n rather than a musician. Mr. Ernest Rhys
'Mr 'Swinburne's Collected .Poems,'
rit on r .
md displays much taste and imperfect informa-
tion -Si I The Nineteenth Century Prince Kropotkm
'neaks with no uncertain voice on 'The Constitu-
tional Agitation in Russia.' Mr. Edward H. Cooper
wrTtes on 'Children's Christmas Amusements.'
What he says is not, like his recent utterance,
directed against a single entertainment, and he sup-
J -|f some curious facts, or at least makes some
furious Statements. In treating. of The Position
of the Australian Aborigines in the Scale of
Wnrnan Intelligence,' the Hon. J. Mildred Creed
S with a subject on which he is entitled to
sneak and combats the view that places the abori-
K at the bottom. Mr. Newton-Robinson has an in-
teresting paper on 'The Revival of the SmaU-Sword.'
'A? the Rose in June' has a pleasant flavour of
riMticitv Mr. Frederick Wedmore writes appro-
ckt vely on ' Fantin and Boudin.' " Undoubtedly
the best book of the season is " so-and-so, says at
close of the number a cocksure gentleman who
iurnXs a monthly contribution to the review.
Tndee Parry supplies in The Cornhill an agree-
able aWmt y of 'A Welsh Rector of the Last
Centurv ' In No. 10 of "Blackstick Papers 'Mrs
Richmond Ritchie gossips pleasantly about Jacob
Omnium,' a name now fading from public memory,
but once conspicuous. ' The Tercentenary of " Don
Quixote"' by Mr. Austin Dobson, is a short and
.characteristic poem, just published at Madrid as
r contribution to the movement -it celebrates
Mr E V Lucas writes on ' G. D. [Georg<
l)verl Friend of Lamb.' Few more eccentric
irinrl hearted and self - oblivious creatures than
Dyer" can have existed. Mr. .Frank T. Bullen's
Land of Romance' is situate m the West Indies
In The Gentleman's Mr. J. Holden MacMichae
begins an account of ' Charing Cross and its Imme
rliate Neighbourhood,' for which he is disposed tc
-claim consideration as the hub of the terrestria
universe. Mr. Frank Lawrence tells afresh t
-curious and quite forgotten story mi he Case o
M Perreau.' Mr. Cuthbert Hadden discourses 01
' The Robin.' Our own observations lead us t
<ioubt the entire accuracy of some of his com
ments. Miss Georgiana Hill has a paper on ^
Great Lady of the Seventeenth Century, and Edit
<Jray Wheelwright one on 'The Influence of th
k.ymri in Literature.' Though reduced now to six-
ence The Poll Mall Magazine shows no falling oif
11 the character of its illustrations or its letterpress,
'he photogravure of Reynolds's 'Country Girl'
vhich forms the frontispiece is of quite remarkable
ieauty. A characteristic poem by Thomas Hardy
pens the number. Next comes an interesting
,nd valuable paper by Mr. John Burns on ' London
Jld and New,' which is admirably illustrated. Im-
nediately following contributions are by Mr. H. G.
A r ells, Mr. H. C. Bailey, and Mr. Herbert Vivian,
t is, indeed, difficult to imagine a more ideal
election, from the popular standpoint, of contents.
Mrs. C. Towle writes in Longman's concerning
hat interesting personality Aubrey de Vere, and
Janon Vaughan has a capital paper on ' The Flora
f Hants.' in ' At the Sign of the Ship ' Mr. Lang
vvns to having discovered who was the Eliza Logau
ifter whom he inquired in ' N. & Q.' She was, it
.ppears, by birth a Miss Manson, and of course
narried a Logan. These particulars are obtained
"rom Mr. Jonathan Nield, author of ' A Guide to
.he Best Historical Novels ' (Elkin Mathews), a
work of which we had not previously heard. Mr,
~.iang also describes a curious American version of
The Ballad of Lord Bateman,' beginning, very
strangely, "In India lived a noble lord."
to
We must call special attention to the following
wticen :
WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately.
To secure insertion of communications corre-
spondents must observe the following rules. Let
each note, query, or reply be written on a separate
slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and
such address as he wishes to appear. When answer-
ing queries, or making notes with regard to previous
entries in the paper, contributors are requested to
put in parentheses, immediately after the exact
heading, the series, volume, and page or pages to
which they refer. Correspondents who repeat
queries are requested to head the second com-
munication "Duplicate."
F. P. MARCHANT (" But for the grace of God,
there goes "). Dean Farrar, in the fourth sermon
in 'Eternal Hope,' attributes this saying to John
Bradford. See 9 th S. vii. 269, 351.
H. W. UKDEBDOWN ("Boxing Day: Christmas
Box ") See the editorial note at 9 th S. iv. 477 and
MR. HOLDEN MACMIOHAEL'S article 9 th S. v. 10.
W. CURZOX YEO ("Lass of Richmond Hill").
The locality of this song was discussed at con-
siderable length in the First, Second, and Third
Series, and at still greater length in the last four
volumes of the Fifth Series. It is Richmond in
Surrey.
J. Gooos ("Mad as a hatter"). The earliest
instance of this phrase in the 'N.E.D.' is from
Thackeray's ' Pendennis,' chap. x. See also 9"' S.
vi. 448; vii. 251, 396. We do not know who used
the pseudonym "^Esop" in the middle of last
century.
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CONTENTS. -No. 55.
WOTE 3 : Sufferings of Troops in Winter, 21 Biblio-
graphical Notes on Dickens and Thackeray, 22 Kpi-
taphiana, 23 ' Yankee Doodle ' Clergyman as City
Councillor Cranmer's Library, 24 Holy Maid of Kent
English Canonized Saints, 25 Dagger Pies Vanished
Pastimes Nelson In Fiction The Victoria and the Cani-
perdown, 26 Luther Family " Totem," 27.
>QL KIUK3 : Hugh Percy London Bridge Theatre Besant
Warren Hastings and Sir Charles Malet Rev. Thomas
Newman David Morgan, Jacobite "Broach" or
" Brooch," 28 -" Walkyn Silver " " Wapiti "Pembroke
College, Cambridge Sir Thomas Cornwallis " Blood-
funkers" "Caveac" Tavern Abbotsley, St. Neots,
Hunts "Heart of my heart" Police Uniforms: Omni-
buses, 29 Polar Inhabitants Spanish Arms Triplicate
Writing Holyrood Font, 30.
REPLIES: Sir Walter 1'Espec, 30 Spelling Reform
" Licence " and "License," 31 Great Seal in Gutta-percha
Mercury in Tom Quad Queen Anne's Last Years-
Bibliography of Christmas Heraldic Children at Execu-
tions, 33 Algonquin Element in English English Burial-
ground at Lisbon Bio id used in Building, 3i Three
T-ulors of Tooley Street -High Peak Words Ben Jonson
and Bacon Battlefield Sayings, 35 George Washington's
Arms Parish Documents Armorial Visiting Cards
"Phil Elia." 36 - Heacham Parish Officers ' Hardyknute 1
Sarum, 37 "The" as part of Title ' Assisa de Tol-
loneis,' &c. Sir William Cal vert Modern Italian Artists
Agnostic Poets, 38.
NOTES ON BOOKS: 'New English Dictionary'
Madame d'Arblay's Diary and Letters Boswell's 'John-
son' 'Poets and Poetry of the Nineteenth Century'
4 Halejjhana ' Routledge's "Miniature Reference Series"
Mr. DodgS'm's ' Don Quixote' in Basque' Fry's Guide
to London Charities.'
Notices to Correspondents.
gaits.
BUFFERINGS OF TROOPS IN WINTER.
AT the present time, when the war in the
Far East has drawn attention to the hard-
ships inseparable from a winter campaign,
it may not be uninteresting to recall the
sufferings of our army in the Crimea during
the winter of 1854-5. The following notes
are extracted from letters written from the
camp before Sebastopol by the late General
Maxwell, O.B., who commanded the 46th
Regiment during the siege. These, of course,
were not intended for publication, and do
eiot pretend to be anything more than
private letters, written at odd moments
and sent home to his friends, to tell them
of his life and work at the front. At the
same time they are interesting as giving
the impressions of an officer on the spot, and
showing that the army was quite alive to
the mismanagement and procrastination of
the authorities. They also form an additional
testimony to the good conduct of our soldiers
under very trying circumstances, and to the
appalling loss of life caused by sickness,
chiefly due to exposure and starvation.
Camp before Sebastopol,
Sunday, 12 Nov., 1854.
We arrived at Balaclava on Wednesday last,
landed and marched here (seven miles) that night,
passed the night alfresco, and of course hard rain
and no grub. No one at home can form the ghost
of an idea of the hard work a soldier has here ;
what between the trenches and alarms we have
never a moment to ourselves. I feel for the men,
as they have been wet for three days ; the work in
the trendies is no joke. We march down there at
6 P.M., as soon as it is dark, and remain there till
some time next day ; half of the men are on the
qui rive, the others lie down ; but, poor devils !
of late you see them lying up to their middles in
water. How they stand it I know not. What a fool
I was to be so anxious to come out here ! We have
only commenced work yet. The Russians cannot
drive us away, but starvation and cold may. We
hear that we are to winter here ; if so I shall often
remember you, as I have got the fur coat here.
Old Garrett has got a brigade ; I have the regiment
and have my hands full ; it quite amax.es one after
the quiet, dry, snug work in barracks at home. So
much for my doings. All 1 can tell you about
Sebastopol is it has not fallen ; we only have in-
vested the south side, all the rest of it being open
to the enemy. The French and ourselves are
bombarding away day and night, and have been
doing so since the 5th of last month, and are likely
to do so for another month ; and even when we get
in we cannot remain, as- the strong forts on the
south side command the town. A pretty look-out
we have. The fact is, we have tried too much, and
if we fail you may all thank the press for it.
I, to my great joy, met Colin* at Constantinople ;
he had been sent down sick, but was nearly well.
Poor fellow, he was nearly naked ; I was happy to
be able to clothe him in a complete suit. He ex-
pected to be back here very soon, and appeared
anxious for it, which I rather wonder at. We were
too late for the action last Sunday :f [except those
of] our people we sent out before us, and our friend,
the Editor of The Times, will be happy to hear that
they did at least as well as their neighbours. The
pluck and spirit of the men is wonderful. Last
night in the trenches a party of ours were at work ;
the Russians came out, and our fools wished to be
allowed to go at them with their spades and pick-
axes. I am sorry to say that this morning cholera
made its appearance in our camp, and we bare lost
five men. I trust it may stop as it is an awful
scourge. The men care nothing for bullets, but
don't like the cholera.
Camp before Sebastopol, 8 January, 1855.
That infernal town is as far off as ever from being
taken, and looks as nice and comfortable to our
longing eyes as the Russians could wish. Our
winter has commenced now ; it was ushered in with
a devil of a fall of snow, and then hard frost with
a biting cold north wind ; but poor weather for
tents, but they are wonderfully warm, more so than
you can fancy, or we may be getting accustomed to
* His brother, in the 93rd Highlanders.
I Inkerman. Two companies only of the 46th
were at this battle. The remainder of the regiment
had been detained at home, owing to an inquiry
into a case of " bally-ragging" an officer. A cartoon
appeared in Punch with reference to this incident.
See issue of 19 August, 1854,
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io< h s. in. JAN. u. 1905.
them and to the cold. The mercury was down to 8
last night ; I think that is the lowest we have had
it yet. If it does not get worse we may weather it
yet, but we are sadly reduced ; our Brigade, con-
sisting of the 1st Battalion Rifle Brigade, 46th,
63rd, and 58th, can only turn out 700 men fit for
duty. Yesterday the 63rd could only turn out/cw
men ! This morning we have 244* men fit for duty:
that includes officers, servants, and every man in
the regiment. We have 337 away sick at Balaclava
or Scutari, and 174 sick here. We have buried,
since landing on 8 November, 169 only 9 of these
from loss in the trenches by shot, the remainder
killed by hard work, exposure to cold and wet, bad
or rather short allowance of food, and insuffi-
cient clothing. The poor fellows are half naked,
have no change of clothes, and consequently are
never, I may say, dry. They have at the very most
only one night in bed not in bed, but in their
tents : that is to say every other night they pass in
the trenches, and from their proximity to the
enemy and cold they dare not sleep, and hard work
it is. This night I have the pleasant prospect of
marching down there at five o'clock, remaining till
six next morning. My duty when there is to see
that our guards are properly posted, and sentries
out in every direction. I have a deal of ground to
walk over, rough and hilly ; on a fine, dry night it
keeps me warm, but on a wet, dark night it is
dreary work : and that is the sort of night we must
be most wide awake. Your fur coat, which I most
providentially brought out, has been the saving of
my life. With another one over it to keep off the
wet, it is a famous thing. If I had only a pair of
waterproof boots and a good, strong waterproof
coat, I should be all right ; but I am in hopes of
getting them from some of the numerous supplies
coming out. We hear a great deal of wooden houses
and no end of things coming out from the generous
people at home ; but, alas ! they will come up to us
too late, I am afraid. Everything here is top late.
The authorities here are most supine and dilatory
about everything ; I suppose their eyes will be
opened when the whole army is like the 63rd, dead
or in hospital ; then I hope they will have to give
an account to the country for their mismanagement.
The Timvs correspondent (with one exception) gives
a fair account of what is going on here, drawn mildly,
of course, when he talks of the ill-treatment of the
men. The exception I allude to was his account of
the 46th not turning out for the trenches the night of
the gale ; a more unfounded lie never was ; never
did wet, half-clothed, poor devils, without a morsel
to eat all day, turn out more willingly not a murmur
to be heard. I sent the captain who marched them
down and remained with them that night in the
trenches, and the adjutant who paraded them, to the
correspondent todemandhisautnority. Hewouldnot
give it up, but said he was sorry at having written
it, and was very contrite ; but the fact is, he must
please his employers. One never sees Lord Raglan ;
he and his staff live in a good house, his horses have
good stables, and are all very comfortable. I wish
their house were burnt down and they put in tents.
He believes, I verily think, that the men are getting
all the good things the papers talk of; but don't
think the whole army is so badly off' as our brigade.
The 3rd and 4th Divisions are the hardest worked,
* This is the figure in the letter, but from the
"Morning State" of the regiment, given later on,
there would seem to have been only 140 fit for duty.
and consequently the greatest sufferers in the army.
Colin is with the Highland Brigade near Balaclava.
Their men are very well, fat, and well fed. They
are well because they have no trenches and expo-
sure ; well fed because they are close to Balaclava,
where the supplies are kept. We are seven miles-
off, and the country is in such a state, and the com-
missariat so bad, that our biscuit, meat, and rum
are often obliged to be sent for by fatigue parties of
poor men worn out with work in these infernal
trenches. All our clothing and other supplies we
send men for, and the wooden houses, &c., will lie r
and are lying, at Balaclava, with no means of being
brought up ; our want of arrangement is beyond
conception. They have commenced a railroad from
Balaclava to this again too late ; it will be finished
when the weather gets fine and the country is in
good order. I sometimes tremble to think what
the consequences of all this mismanagement will be i
but triumph at last we must, at a frightful cost of
men. I was never better in my life; eat, if pos-
sible, better than ever when I can get it. Salt
meat is poor stuff to live on, so we take every
opportunity of getting preserved meats, but at
ruinous prices. Till this time we have been supplied
by Maltese and Greek rascals, whom the Govern-
ment have stupidly allowed to settle at Balaclava
and charge what they choose for things. Living,
as we are, men are reckless of expense, and, not
knowing how long they may live to eat, pay
anything.
Morning State of 46th Regiment, 8 Jan., 1855.
Men fit for duty, including all casualties, such
as officers, servants, &o. ... 140 1
Sick at Scutari 337
Sick in tents here . l"4
651
Lost from disease since landing 9 Nov.... 160
By shot 9
169 .
From this state, you may judge how our men get
n. We have sent away six officers sick.
T. F. D.
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES ON DICKENS
AND THACKERAY.
SEVERAL bibliographies of Charles Dickens
have been compiled since the death of that
writer, and the latest of them appeared a few
months ago under the editorship of Mr. J. C?
Thomson. It is not, perhaps, very high praise
to say that this little work is a decided
advance upon its predecessors, though it still
leaves much to be desired ; and I consider
that it appeals more to the student of
Dickens than to the collector of his works.
This was perhaps the object of the compiler,
especially as very few of the writings of
Dickens come within the category of "rarities."
Nevertheless, it would have been better if the-
collations of the books had been drawn up on-
a more scientific plan, and if the whole work
lad been subjected to closer revision. A few-
errors will be discovered on close inspection,,
10* s. iir. JAX. 14, 1905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
23
misprints abound, and, to give only one
example, the name of the " great George " is
consistently misspelt "Cruickshank." Some
notice of the collected editions should also j
have been given, as the prefaces which |
Dickens specially wrote for some of the |
volumes are of value. These, however, are |
minor blots, which can easily be removed if I
a second edition is called for. To say that
the book is not perfect is merely equivalent
to saying that it is a bibliography.
A great dramatic critic of my acquaintance
once told me that he considered the " thirties "
of the last century the barrenest period in
theatrical history. This remark cannot be
applied to literature, for that decade wit-
nessed the blossoming into fruit of the
greatest writers of the Victorian era. But
it also created several problems in literary
history, some of which still remain unsolved,
and are likely to elude the acumen of the
most skilful bibliographer.
I have in my possession a small quarto
volume, the contents of which consist of
plays extracted from The Carlton Chronicle,
and pasted down by the writer of the plays
and the former owner of the book. This was
the late Mr. W. H. Logan, the author of
'A Pedlar's Pack of Ballads and Songs,' and
co-editor with James Maidment of 'The
Dramatists of the Restoration.' The plaj 7 s
are really burlesques, of the ' Bombastes
Furioso' order, and are all in print, with the
exception of the last, which was copied in
manuscript by Mr. Logan, who prefaced the
collection with the following note :
" The following absurdities appeared in the pages
of Th>; Carlton Chronicle & clever Conservative
journal of the time which was edited by Percival
Weldon Banks, Esquire, Barrister-at-Law, the
'Morgan Rattler' of Fraser's Magazine. In The
Carlton Chronicle appeared for the first time some
of Boz's 'Sketches.' W. Harrison Ainsworth,
James Maidment, Theodore Martin. W. B. D. D.
Turnbull, and the writer of these pages, were con-
tributors. It is supposed that at this date
December, 1856 there are not above four complete
sets of The Carlton Chronicle in existence.
W. H. L."
The plays Avritten by Mr. Logan are dated
1836 and 1837, when Dickens was contributing
his ' Sketches ' to The Evening Chronicle I
have never seen a copy of The Carlton Chro-
nicle, and the only one that I can trace was
that formerly belonging to James Maidment,
which realized the sum of six shillings and
sixpence at the sale of that gentleman's
library on 17 May, 1880 (lot 5018). Mr.
Maidment's copy was purchased by the late
Mr. John Mansfield Mackenzie, of Edinburgh,
at whose sale on 11 March, 1889, it fetched
only three shillings (lot 245). The book
world was evidently unaware of the value'
of the compilation, owing, doubtless, to the
fact that Dickens's contributions had never
come within the cognizance of bibliographers
In one of Mr. Logan's productions, a
Christmas pantomime called 'The Loves of
Hookey Walker and Sally Roy ; or, Harlequin.
Humbug,' a note occurs at the bottom of
bhe page: "See Thwacka way's 'Mountain
Sylph,' in which Eolia most ingeniously
transforms herself into a butterfly." There
are other references to the ' Mountain Sylph,'
which is styled an opera ; but, so far as I
know, its existence has been ignored by all
writers on Thackeray, although it is known
that about the date of The Carlton Chronicle
he occasionally occupied himself in composing
trifles for the lyric stage Of the contributors
to The Carlton Chronicle who are named by
Mr. Logan, the venerable and respected,
figure of Sir Theodore Martin alone survives.
W. F. PfilDEAUX.
EPITAPHIANA.
THE following epitaph in the churchyard of
Lydd, Kent, may be of interest. I have a>,
photograph of the tombstone.
In
Memory of
Lieu* Tho s Edgar of the Royal Navy
who departed this life Oct r 17 th 1801
Aged 56 years
He came into the Navy at 10 Years of age-
was in that memorable Engagement
with Adm 1 Hawk and sail'd round the World,
in company with the unfortunate
Captain Cook of the Resolution
in his last Voyage when he was killed
by the Indians at the Island of O whie
in the south Seas the 14 th Feb>, 1778.
Tom Edgar at last has sail d out of this World
His shroud is put on & his top sails are furl'd
He lies snug in deaths boat without any Concern'
And is moor'd for a full due ahead & a Stern
O'er the Compass of Life he has merrily run
His Voyage is Completed his reckoning is done.
JOHN G. ADAMS.
Hollis, Long Island, New York.
Aubrey records an epitaph on a tomb of.
1398 ('Wilts,' part ii. p. 104) as follows :
Tu qui transieris, videas, sta, perlege, plora ;
Es quod eram,eteris quod sum : pro me, precor, ora..
This distich had considerable vitality, for
in 1580 a brass put up to Edmund Hodson,
formerly Fellow of Winchester College, in.
the cloisters there, runs :
Whoso thow art, wyth lovinge harte,
Stonde, reade, and thincke on me ;
For as I was, so nowe thow arte,
And as I am, so shalte thow be
Finally, on a tombstone dated 1810, in-
NOTES AND QUERIES, do* s. m. JAN. w, wos.
OPenalt Churchyard, Monmouthshire, I hav
seen the inscription :
Remember we as you pass by !
As you are now, so once was we ;
As we are now, so you must be ;
Therefore prepare to follow we ;
Dry up your Tears our Parents dear,
Weep not for we that Sleepeth here.
'Other examples might be interesting.
JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.
[See first query, p. 28.]
The following inscription is to be seen on a
:granite headstone in Streatham Cemetery
"Garratt Lane, Tooting, S.W :
In Memory of
David Stolz
of Balham,
By Race of Jonah i. 9.
But God will redeem my soul from the power
Of the grave, for He shall receive me.
To Him my spirit I consign :
Asleep, awake, I do not fear.
My body too I do resign :
I dread no evil, God is near.
Reference to Jonah i. 9 gives us the key :
" And he said unto them, I am an Hebrew ;
;and I fear the Lord, the God of heaven,
which hath made the sea and the dry land."
The quatrain is the last part of a Hebrew
'hymn^entitled ' Adoun Olam.'
M. L. R. BRESLAR.
The following epitaph is quoted in a
paragraph published in The Daily Chronicle
of 2 December, 1904, and is stated by the
writer to have been found by him in a
volume of the ' Annual Register ' issued close
upon a century ago :
"Epitaph in Kilkeel churchyard: Here lie the
remains of Thomas Nichols, who died in Phila-
delphia, March, 1753. Had he lived, he would
have been buried here."
I have not been able to verify the quota-
tion, time not permitting of an exhaustive
search ; but it seems to me to be so tho-
roughly characteristic as to deserve a place
in the collection published in 'N. & Q.'
ALAN STEWART.
I send an epitaph from an old stone in the
cemetery at Dacca, Bengal, which, although
written from memory, is, I believe, correct :
Oh ye of Scotia's sons
For whom music hath a charm
Your souls to cheer, your hearts to warm,
Pause and dp homage to the shade
Of one who in the fiddling trade
Had few compeers, and, what is better,
He was the essence of good nater.
ALEX. THOMS.
I send the following epitaph, copied from
'the churchyard of St. Peter's, near Broad-
stairs, believing it has not appeared in
' X. & Q.' before. The monument is an upright
slab, and at the top are depicted two angels
and two trumpets.
In Memory of M r Richard Joy
(Call'd the Kentish Samson) who
Died May 18 th 1742 Aged 67.
Herculean Hero ! Fam'd for Strength
At last Lies here his Breadth & Length.
See How the Mighty Man is Fall'n !
To Death y e Strong & Weak are all one.
And the Same Judgment doth Befall,
Goliath Great, as David Small.
It is said that he could lift a weight of
2,200lb. CHR. WATSON.
264, Worple Road, Wimbledon.
[For references to Jay or Joy see 8 th S. iv. 506 :
v. 134.]
'YANKEE DOODLE.' (See 10 th S. ii. 480.)
The original version of 'Yankee Doodle'
consists of fifteen verses of four lines each,
which may be found in ' Young Folk's His-
tory of America,' edited by Hezekiah Butter-
worth, pp. 266-8 (Boston, 1881). Of the other
amusing songs belonging to the same epoch
(1775-83), one, entitled 'The Battle of the
Kegs,' is printed in the appendix to (Surgeon)
James Thacher's ' Military Journal,' Hartford,
1854. Both these books are in my library.
EUGENE F. McPiKE.
Chicago, U.S.
CLERGYMAN AS CITY COUNCILLOR. The
following is from The Times of 22 December,
1904 :
" In Castle-Baynard Ward, at which Alderman
Sir David Evans was the returning officer, Mr.
Gr. T. Thornes retired, and the Rev. Percival
dementi-Smith, Master of the Mercers' Company
and rector of St. Andrew-by-the- Wardrobe, was
unanimously elected in his place. Mr. Clementi-
Smith is the first clergyman who has been elected
to the Corporation since the Reformation."
H. W. UNDERDOWN.
CRANMER'S LIBRARY. (See 6 th S. xi. 309,
412 ; 7 th S. xii. 345.) At the first and last of
:.he above references a request is made for
information concerning any books bearing
he autograph "Thomas Cantuarien.," with
;he statement at the first reference that the
reater portion of Archbishop Cranmer's
x>oks are in the British Museum, but that
many were sold and scattered. I may say
;hat there is a book bearing this signature
on the top margin of the title-page in the
ibrary of the Royal College of Physicians.
^ts title is : " Digesto- | rum seu Pandectaru'
mis Csesa- | rei Tonms Secundus, quod |
ulgo Infortiatum | appellant. [Woodcut,
printer's device.] Parisijs | Ex officina Claudij
heuallonij, sub | Sole aureo in via ad diuum
acobum. | 1527." 8vo. It is significant that
ID-- s. in. JAX. 14, 1905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
the first article in the book is headed, " Soluto
matrimonio quemadmodum dos petatur."
There are no underlinings or MS. notes.
W. R. B. PRIDEAUX.
THE HOLY MAID OF KENT. Mr. Sidney j
Lee, at p. 48 of his new book, ' Great English-
men of the Sixteenth Century ' (1904), in his
interesting account of Sir Thomas More,
refers to Elizabeth Barton, " the Holy Maid
of Kent," as "staying with the monks of the
Charterhouse at Sion House, London."
I may perhaps be allowed to point out
that it is against the rules of the Order of
Carthusians to permit women to enter a
Charterhouse unless it be a nunnery, which
the one referred to evidently was not ;
indeed, the order had no nunnery in the
English Province, all their priories being for
monks. Further, there was no Charter-
house at Sion House.
There was a Carthusian Priory or Charter-
house, founded by Henry V., at (West)
Sheen, now known as Richmond in Surrey,
and the priory would not be far from where
the Observatory now is, in the Old Deer
Park. More, in his letter to Cromwell,
printed in the Rev. T. E. Bridgett's 'Life
and Writings of Sir Thomas More' (1892),
refers to " the Prior of the Charter-
house at Shene" coming to him and talking
about the Maid (p 330); and further on
he states " that after her own confession
declared at Paul's Cross" on 23 November,
1533, he sent word by his servant "unto the
Prior of the Charterhouse, that she was
undoubtedly proved a false, deceiving hypo-
crite." But there does not appear to be any-
thing to show that the Maid ever went to
Sheen Charterhouse.
In the same letter, however, More expressly
states (p. 326) :
"After this, I being upon a clay at Sion, and
talking with the fathers together at the grate,
they showed me that she [i.e., the Maid] had
been with them, and showed me divers things
that some of them misliked in her Afterwards,
when I heard that she was there again, I came
thither to see her, and to speak with her myself.
At which communication had, in a little chapel,
there were none present but we two."
Compare also F. A. Gasquet, ' Henry VIII.
and the Eng Mon.' (1895), vol. i. p. 143.
Sion Monastery was on the opposite side
of the river to Sheen, the site being now
occupied by Sion House, between Isleworth
and Brentford, in the county of Middlesex.
It was a foundation of the Order of St. Bridget
of Sweden, and according to the rule of the
order monks and nuns lived under the same
roof, though the two communities were
completely separate. The sisters, with the
abbess, dwelt in one court, and the canons-
and lay brothers in a separate court by them-
selves (' Mon. Angl.,' Ellis, vol. vi. p. 542). Ifc
is said that the rule, although less austere
than that of the Carthusians, included a strict
enclosure and the exercises of a contempla-
tive life. (See Hendriks's 'The London
Charterhouse,' 1889, pp. 127-8, and G. J.
Aungier's ' The History and Antiq. of Syoii
Mon.,' 1840 ; see p. 85 as to More's meeting,
with the Maid.)
It may be worth while also to call attention
here to the note on p. 13 of Thomas Wright's
' Letters relating to the Suppression of the
Monasteries' (Camden Soc., 1843), wherein,
referring to the subject of the Holy Maid, he-
mentions "the fathers and nuns of Syon, the
Charter House, [sic] and Sheen," as if there
were three places. What, of course, must
have been intended was the monks and nuns
of Syon and the monks of Charterhouse at
Sheen. H. W. UNDERDOWN.
ENGLISH CANONIZED SAINTS. The following
list is perhaps not complete, and some details
I am unable to fill in ; but, such as it is,
it may be of interest in reference to the
recent discussion in 'N. & Q.' under the
heading ' Martyrdom of St. Thomas ;
St. Thomas of Hereford.'
/. Formal Canonizations.
1. St. Alban is stated by Matthew Paris to
have been canonized by Pope Adrian I. in 794.
2. St. Willibald was canonized by Leo VII.
in 938.
3. Pope Adrian IV., the only English Pope,
canonized St. Siegfried in 1158.
4. 5. Alexander III. canonized St. Edward
the Confessor, 7 February, 1161/2, by the
bull Uliiis devotionis constantiiun, and
St. Thomas of Canterbury on 22 March,
1173/4, by the bull Gandendv.m estunirersitati.
6, 7. Innocent III. canonized St Gilbert of
Sempringham in 1202 (bull lost), and St. Wol-
stan, 14 May, 1203, by the bull Gum secundum
evanyelicam.
8, 9. Honorius III. canonized St. Hugh of
Lincoln, 18 February, 1220/1, by the bull
Dirince dignatio ])ietatis, and St. William of
York, 18 March, 1226/7, by the bull Qui statuit
terminos.
10. St. Edmund Rich was canonized by
the bull of Innocent IV., dated 11 January,
1247/8, Novum, mat r is ecclesice.
1 1 St. Richard of Chichester was canonized
20 February, 1261/2, by the bull of Urban IV.,
Exidtet angelica turba.
12. St. Thomas of Hereford was canonized
17 April, 1320, by the bull of John XXII,.
Uniyenitus Filius.
26
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. in. JAN. u, 1005.
13. Boniface IX. (Pope from 1389 to 1404)
-is stated to have canonized St. John of Brid-
lington.
14, 15. Callixtus III. (Pope from 1455 to
1458) canonized St. Osmund of Salisbury,
1 January, 1456/7, and (according to Platina,
who is probably wrong) St. Edmund the King
-(date unknown).
16. In some year unknown St. Stephen
Harding appears to have been canonized on
17 April (see Benedict XIV., ' De Canoniz.,'
lib. i. c. 13, n. 17, t. 1, p. 100).
II. Equipollent Canonizations.
When the offices of a saint are extended to
the Universal Church he is said to receive
-equipollent canonization.
St. Ursula and her companions were thus
lionoured by St. Pius V. (Pope 1566 to 1572) ;
St. Anselm by Alexander VIII. (1689-91) ;
St. Margaret, Queen of Scotland, by Inno-
cent XII., 15 September, 1691; St. Boniface
by Pius IX. (1846-78) ; St. Augustine of Can-
terbury by Leo XIII., 28 July, 1882, and
St. Bede by Leo XIII, 13 November, 1899.
I may add that St. Bede was at the same
time declared a Doctor of the Church. The
same title of honour was declared to St. An-
selm by Clement XI. in 1720.
JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.
DAGGER PIES. By the accidental omission
of a reference in the first edition of Nares's
* Glossary ' a quotation of two lines has been
run on, in subsequent editions, to form part
of another quotation which follows it, and
the whole is printed thus :
" Good den good coosen ; Jesu, how de 'e do?
When shall we eat another Dagyer-pie, '
Out bench-whistler, out ; I '11 not take thy word
for a Dagger pie. Decker's ' Satiromastix,' p. 115.
Hawkins 3.' ;
The first two are the opening lines of a
little dialogue in verse attributed to S. Row-
lands, 1602, called ' 'Tis Merrie when Gossips
.meete.'
The 'N.E.D.,' vol. iii. p. 7, col. 3, quoting
from Nares, as above, naturally attributes
them to 'Satiromastix.'
Another mistake in Nares also affects this
'Dagger-pie' article in the 'N.E.D.' There
were two taverns with the sign of the
'"Dagger." Nares knew only of that in
Hoi born ; but it was the " Dagger " in Cheap-
side which gave its name to the pies/ See
the second part of 'If you know not me,
you know nobody,' Act I. sc. ii., by Hey-
wood. The scene is Hobson's shop. During
his absence the two apprentices leave their
business. The second prentice, going out,
says: "I must needs step to the Digger in
Cheape, to send a letter into the country vnto
my father." Hobson comes back to his shop,
and, when this prentice returns, asks him,
"And where have you been] 2nd Pren. At
breakfast with a Dagger-pie, sir." Collier,
in the Shakespeare Society's reprint of the
play, has a note on the two " Daggers."
P. A. DANIEL.
VANISHED PASTIMES. When I was a boy
I must have been a little " hooligan," for one
of the pastimes or diversions of winter was
indulgence in the dangerous practice of
shooting orange-peel at all and sundry from
a copper Y-shaped '' toy," the horns of which
were connected by elastic, from which the
tiny catapults of orange-peel were shot
broadcast. I do not know what recalled to
me quite spontaneously the memory of those
boyish instruments of torture, but I have
not seen them in any of the small shops
devoted to the menus ^CU'SM-S de la jeiinesse
for many years past, and now wonder
whether police restrictions were quietly
brought to bear upon the vendors in the
same way as they were upon the vendors
of "squirts" and other obnoxious pastimes
which were such discordant conditions of
life in the last century.
M. L. R. BRESLAR.
NELSON IN FICTION. "Nelson's peerless
name " has time and again figured in the
pages of romance with more or less veri-
similitude. Just now, with the centenary
of Trafalgar coming on this year, I have
noticed three tales of adventure in which
" the Norfolk Hero," as we love to call him,
is introduced. These are :
1. Mr. Henty's last story, ' By Conduct
and Courage,' said by some to be his best
book.
2. ' The Commander of the Hirondelle,' by
Dr. W. H. Fitchett, which contains fine
thumbnail sketches of Nelson.
3. * England Expects : a Story of the Last
Days of Nelson,' by Frederick Harrison,
which has a stirring account of the culmina-
ting scene at Trafalgar 1 .
It would be interesting if a complete list
of tales dealing with Nelson and his times,
directly or indirectly, could be furnished.
JAMES HOOPER.
Norwich.
THE VICTORIA AND THE CAMPERDOWN.
The subjoined cutting from a recent number
of The Somerset County Gazette, under the
heading ' North Perrott,' deserves, I think,
preservation in 'N. & Q.' :
"Ax INTKKKSTIXO RELIC. An exceedingly in-
teresting relic has been placed in the north transept
io<"s.m.jA_v.i4,i90o.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
27
of the parish church, immediately above the
Hoskyns' family pew. It is the Union Jack which
was flying on the ill-fated Victoria when she went
down after being rammed by the Camperdown a few
years since. When the Victoria sank this flag, strange
to say, was found floating on the surface of the sea.
It was picked up and sent to the Admiralty. The
late Admiral Sir Anthony Hoskyns, when he had
the command of the Mediterranean Fleet, hoisted
the same flag on the Victory, then his flagship, and
it was in turn hauled to the masthead by Admiral
Tryon, who afterwards assumed the command, and
who, it will be remembered, went down with his
hip. On the occasion of the funeral of the late Sir
Anthony Hoskyns, at North Perrott, the flag was
used as a pall. It was afterwards given by the
Admiralty to Lady Hoskyns. On her death this
relic passed to the family, and they placed it in the
parish church, where it hangs in graceful folds,
commemorating the names of two brave men, and
is a visible reminder of one of the saddest disasters
in the history of the British Navy."
W. LOCKE RADFORD.
LUTHER FAMILY. (See 10 th S. ii. 323.) The
earliest record of this family in my possession
is from the Visitation of Essex, 1634(Harleian
Soc. vol. xiii. p. 439), and it commences with
the Richard whose monument the REV. JOHN
PICKFORD refers to ; but no mention is made of
the brother Anthonie Luther. Can MR. PICK-
FORD or any other of your readers give any
earlier information respecting this family ;
a,lso the date of Anthonie's death ? It is
possible that he died prior to 1634, and that
the inscription was only placed on his tomb
at the death of his brother Richard in 1638
My interest in the family arises from the
grandson (Richard) and granddaughter (Jane)
of the above - mentioned Richard having
married the daughter (Rebecca) and son
(Edward) of my great-great great-great-great
uncle, Alderman Edward Rudge, Sheriff of
London in 1637.
It was the great-granddaughter (Charlotte
Luther) of Richard Luther and Rebecca
Rudge, and sister of John Luther, M.P. for
the county of Essex, who married, as his
third wife, Henry Fane, of Wormsley, M.P.
for Lyme Regis, and brother to the eighth
Earl of Westmorland ; and the manner in
which Miles or My less passed to the Fane
family is described in the "Gentleman's
Magazine Library : English Topography,"
part iv. p. 96, thus : " My less, the property of
F. Fane, Esq. (related to the Right Hon. Earl
of Westmorland), formerly belonging to John
Luther, Esq. [who, though married, died s.p.
in 1786], who left it to Mr. Fane at his
decease."
This is confirmed by the following entry in
'Burke's Landed Gentry ' (ed. 1846, p. 395) :
" Francis [second son of Henry Fane and Char-
lotte Luther] of Spetisbury, Dorset, and Green
Park Place, Bath, M.P. for Dorchester, who
succeeded under the will of his uncle John
Luther, Esq., to the large estates of Myless's, &c.,
and died without issue, when those estates passed
by entail to his elder brother "
John, who married Lady Elizabeth Parker,
daughter of Thomas, third Earl of Maccles-
field, and by whom he had issue John,
mentioned in the next paragraph, and others.
In 'Burke's Peerage' (ed. 1897, p. 1524)
Charlotte Luther is described as sister and
co-heiress (with Rebecca her sister, wife of
J. Taylor, Esq.) of John Luther, Esq., of
Myles, Essex ; and ' Burke's Commoners,'
iv. 9, gives the representation of the Luther
family as vested in Mr. Fane (John, grandson
of Charlotte Luther) and Dr. Taylor (John
Taylor Gordon. M.D., grandson of Rebecca
Luther), of Clifton. According to ' Burke's
Landed Gentry 1 (ed. 1846, p. 478), this
Dr. Taylor, or Taylor Gordon, is of royal
Scotch descent as well, as being a descendant
of the Earls of Huntly.
I have been unable to trace with any
certainty that the Luther family of Essex
were descended from Martin Luther ; but it
may be interesting to quote the following in
this connexion, which appears in ' Burke's
Commoners,' iv. 9 :
"Established in England during the reign of
Henry VIII., and undoubtedly allied to the cele-
brated Reformer, the Luthers remained seated in
Essex for centuries, intermarrying with the leading
families of thatcounty,representingitinParliament,
and exercising paramount influence in its local
government."
FRANCIS H. RELTON.
9, Broughtou Road, Thornton Heath.
" TOTEM." If there is any book to which
one turns with confidence for the etymology
of American words, the ' Century Dictionary '
is surely that book. Its note on totem would,
however, be hard to beat for muddled
arrangement, and liability to mislead the
seeker for information :
" Amer. Ind. ; given as from ' Massachusetts
Indian wutohtimoin, that to which a person or place
belongs' (Webster's Diet.); Algonkin dodaim
(Tylor) ; Algonkin otem, with a prefixed poss. pron.
nt 'otem, my family token."
A commentary seems necessary to elucidate
the facts which the above ingeniously
conceals.
(a) Massachusetts ivutohlimoin, though
here brought into the foreground, is at best
only distantly connected with totem. If it
were possible to imagine a lexicographer
giving tooth as from German zahn, it would
be a fair parallel to the quotation from
Webster.
(b) It is a detail, but the quaint ortho-
28
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io* B. in. JAN. u, ms.
graphy dodaim is not Tylor's, but School-
craft's. See his ' Indian Tribes,' 1851, p. 151.
(c) The real origin of totem is from
" Algonkin " (i.e. Odjibway) otem, which first
appeared in European literature in 1612, in
the French of Lescarbot (" son daemon appelle
aoutem,'' p. 683). It then dropped out of sight,
until it was reborrowed from the Odjibway
into English in the form totem, the initial t
being due to the incorporation of part of a
possessive pronoun. Totem is to Lescarbot's
aoutem exactly as Shakspere's nuncle is to
uncle. This the ' Century ' knows, and tries
to explain ; but I doubt if any one fresh to the
matter would understand its explanation,
which must be my excuse for restating well-
known facts in (I hope) simpler language.
JAS. PLATT, Jun.
WE must request correspondents desiring in-
formation on family matters of only private interest
to affix their names and addresses to their queries,
in order that the answers may be sent to them
direct.
HUGH PERCY. At the dispersion of the
Ashburnham Library was sold a somewhat
remarkable folio MS. in the handwriting of
Hugh Percy. Numerous dated entries occur
in it, ranging from 1658 to 1662. It contains
on ninety-four leaves a large number of
examples of the rules of arithmetic, written
in a small and beautiful hand, and embellished
with very quaint grotesque initials, in red,
blue, and green ink. It must have been a
work of enormous labour, and of great utility
to a student of commercial arithmetic. On
a fly-leaf after the title-page is the following
note :
"Mary Percy was Borne at Way mouth in Mel-
comb Regis the 28 h day of January in the year
1645. Departed this Life at Bursys [?] 13 July
between 9 & 10 at night 1704.
Shee was both Vertuos obedjente & a loueing Wife
Hath Left this World ; her Followers wee must bee
Shee is gon ; Shee is gon to her Eternall Rest
Learn to Submit ; God knows what is the best
In her Ring Let loue abide till Death Deuide
(1689 in Nouem 1 *)
Loue did abide and Death Did Deuide
(1704 in July)
Wnoe So Eer thou art with Loueing Hart
Stand Read & thinke on me for as 1 was Soe
Now thou art & as I am Soe Shalt thou bee
My brother William Percy died the 5 $ day of
June 1705 on bord the John & Elizabeth in the
Latitude of Cape finister."
The allusion to the motto in her wedding or
betrothal ring is unusual and pathetic.
There are at the end of the volume notes
of the births of Richard, Hugh. Mary, Easset,
and William Percy, children of Richard anc?
Tamzine (Thomasine ?) Percy.
I shall be greatly obliged to any corre-
spondent who can identify the Hugh Percy
(doubtless the husband of Mary, born 1645),.
the writer of this curious volume.
J. ELIOT HODGKIN.
LONDON BRIDGE THEATRE. I should be-
much obliged by any information as to the-
London Bridge Theatre, which was in Tooley
Street. I have two views of it, exterior and
interior, and should like to acquire any play-
bills or cuttings relative to it ; also to ascer-
tain date of its opening and closing.
C. VAN NOORDEN.
5, Essex Court, Temple, B.C.
BESANT. I am told that Sir Walter Besant
and Mrs. Annie Besant accented the family
name, one on the first and one on the second
syllable. I should like to know which
accent was used by which owner, and whe-
ther in either case the s was given the z
sound. D. M.
Union League, Philadelphia.
[Sir Walter called himself Besant, riming with
pleasant. J
WARREN HASTINGS AND SIR CHARLES-
MALET. I should be glad to verify a tradition
in our family to the effect that at the trial of
Warren Hastings, and after Sir Charles Malet
had given his evidence, Warren Hastings
replied, "Sir Charles, you are the soul of
honour." HAROLD MALET, Colonel.
REV. THOMAS NEWMAN. Who was Thomas-
Newman, a minister who, with many others,
had his passage paid out to the Plantations-
by the Privy Purse, 1721-5 ? E. E. COPE.
DAVID MORGAN, JACOBITE I am anxious
to trace the descendants of David Morgan,
of Monmouthshire, executed for high treason,
in 1746. His will names only a daughter,
Mary Morgan. Is anything known of her
subsequent history 1 GEORGE RICKWORD.
"BROACH" OR "BROOCH."
Pull off, pull off the broach of gold.
This line, so spelt, occurs in ' Lady Clare ' at
p. 230 of the new " Florin Edition " of ' Poems-
by Tennyson ' issued by the Oxford Uni-
versity Press. Nobody, of course, could be
audacious enough to suggest the possibility
of a printer's error in such a publication,
and so we are driven to inquire whether we
shall be expected in future to spell the word
" broach" in this way, whatever its meaning.
Unfortunately the word does not occur in
the short list of 'Alternative or Difficult
Spellings ' in Mr. Hart's fascinating Rules
s. in. JAN. 14, loos.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
29
for Compositors'; but in the 'N.E.D.' we
are informed that "broach 1 ' arid "brooch"
are the same word, both having reference
to the spit or pin which forms part of the
article, " the differentiation of spelling being
only recent and hardly yet established.'
Yet the former spelling indicates " a tapering
instrument," "a spit," &c., and the latter is
said to be " now used mainly as a (female^
ornament." The examples cited of the latter
use go back as far as Chaucer, and in them
the word is uniformly spelt without an a.
How long a period is considered necessary
by philologists before a spelling can be said
to have become established 1
ALAN STEWART.
7, New .Square, Lincoln's Inn.
" WALKYN SILVER." Can any reader of
' N. & Q.' inform me what was the nature
of this payment, formerly exacted from some
estates in Westmorland 1
JOSEPH A. MARTINDALE.
Staveley, Kendal.
" WAPITI " : ITS PRONUNCIATION. All dic-
tionaries spell the name of this animal in the
same way, and mark it as stressed upon the
first syllable (wapiti). I was therefore sur-
grised to find that Paul Fountain, in his new
ook on ' The Great North- West' (1904), not
only always spells it wipiti, but in his glos-
sary, p 349, accents it upon the second
syllable (tmpiti). Is this an error of the
press ? Or can any reader confirm this pro-
nunciation, from personal knowledge of how
the term is sounded in Canada 1
JAMES PLATT, Jun.
PEMBROKE COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE. Once,
when I was staying at my old college, the
late Master (Dr. Searle) showed me a beau-
tifully executed MS. history of the college,
written by his predecessor (Dr. Gilbert
Ainslie). Has this ever been printed ? I
have considerable collections for the college
history, and have been disappointed that no
book on it has been printed by Messrs. F. E
Robinson & Co. in their " College Histories "
series. T. CANN HUGHES, M.A., F.S.A.
Lancaster.
SIR THOMAS CORNWALLIS. According to
Brydges's ' Collins' s Peerage,' vol. ii. p. 546,
this knight's tomb in Brome Church, Suffolk,
bears the inscription :
"Here lies Sir Thomas Cornwallis, son of Sir
John, who was of Queen Mary princely Councell,
and Treasurer of Gales, and after Controller of her
Majesties household, in especiall grace and trust of
his mistress at his untimely death. 1 '
As he died (probably in the eighty-sixth year
of his age) in 1604, one does not quite see
how his death could be called untimely.
Should "her" be read for "his" in the last
line?
Among the MSS. belonging to Lord Bray-
brooke at Audley End mentioned 'Eighth
Rep. Hist. MSS. Comrn.,' p. 277, is the char-
tulary and register of Sir Thos. Cornwallis,
and the third document therein transcribed
is said to be
" 3 & 4 Philip & Mary Letters Patent of the
guardianship of the heir of Sir Thomas Cornwall-it*
Qtalics mine] to John Bowall [i.e. BoxallJ, I).]).,
William Cordell, Esq., their Majesties' Solicitor-
General, and John Suliarde, Esq"."
Can any one explain how there came to be
an heir of Sir Thomas Cornwallis at that date,
the guardianship of whom was vested in the
Crown? During the whole of the above
regnal year, i.e. from 25 July, 1556, to 5 July,
1557 (except between the 9th of August and
the 1st of September, 1556), Sir Thomas was
at Calais, where he was Treasurer.
JOHN B. WAINEWRIGIIT.
"BLOOD-FUNKERS." Was this a common
term of abuse as blood-letting fell out of
fashion ? M EDICU LU.S.
" CAVEAC " TAVERN. I should be much
obliged if any of your readers could give me
any information about an old London tavern
known as the " Caveac" Tavern, formerly in
Spread Eagle Court, Finch Lane, E.G. It i.s
supposed to have been erected about 1700,
and pulled down about 1800, " Caveac " being
the corruption of the name Cahuac, a French-
man, the first proprietor. J. P. SIMPSON.
ABBOTSLEY, ST. NEOTS, HUNT*. I should
be very glad if any one could send me a list
of the incumbents of Abbotsley from the
earliest times up to the present, or could
tell me where the information is to be found.
CHR. WATSON.
264, AYorple Road, Wimbledon.
"HEART OF MY HEART." -- Will any one
kindly indicate where I can find the poem
from which the following is an extract ?
Heart of my heart, she has broken the heart of me :
Soul of my soul, she will never be part of me
She whom I love, but will never be love of me ;
Song of my sorrows,
My lady of moods.
ENQUIRER.
POLICE UNIFORMS: OMNIBUSES. When was
the present London police uniform adopted ?
and when did the existing form of omnibus
;ome into use? Each of these questions I
iave heard so frequently discussed, and with
mch extravagant vagueness of date, that ifc
30
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. HI. JA*. w,
is possible that ' N. & Q.' may come to the
rescue and fix the point for ever. At a guess,
I should say that the old top hat and cut-
away coat (with "ducks" in summer) lasted
up to 1864 or 1865, when the present uniform
came in.
The transformation of the "'bus "is more
difficult to determine. Again, one might
hazard a "shot" that it began not much
before 1887, or even later. Whether the aboli-
tion of the door and the introduction of the
staircase were simultaneous it would be hard
to say. Certainly some omnibuses were
spoken of, by way of distinction, as "stair-
case " omnibuses as late as 1889 and 1890 ; and
even then the knifeboard prevailed. The
"garden seats," as a universal practice, are
not much more than a decade old.
I have heard elderly people declare that
they " cannot remember " such a thing as an
omnibus with a door. PHILIP NORTH.
POLAR INHABITANTS. In the 'Maxims,
Characters, and Reflections' of Fulke Gre-
ville, published without the author's name
in 1756 (p. 27), we are told that "the two
polar regions of the globe are fabled to be
inhabited, one by giants, the other by pigmies,
and both are most uncomfortable climates."
From what source did Greville derive this
piece of folk-lore ? K. P. D. E.
_ SPANISH ARMS. Can your readers kindly
give me the bearers of the following arms,
blazoned on some fine Hispano - Mauresque
majolica, dating circa 1500 ?
1. Sable, three Catherine wheels or, on a
chief azure three fleurs-de-lis of the second.
2. Arg.. an eagle displayed azure.
3. Party per pale, dexter as in No. 2 ; sinister,
Az., a bend or. H. 2.
TRIPLICATE WRITING. I want to hear of
the best kind of manuscript book for writing
in in triplicate all three copies to be on
fairly stout, and not flimsy, paper, and the
writing clear and permanent. Carbon sheets
are, I suppose, essential. Can any one re-
commend such a book 1
GEORGE F. T. SHERWOOD.
50, Beecrofb Road, Brockley, S.E.
HOLYROOD FONT This font was removed
from Holy rood by Sir R. Lee in 1544. After
defacing it with an inscription he presented
it to St. Alban's Abbey. It appears to have
been taken from the abbey during the Civil
War. I shall be glad to know whether any
description of the font exists, and if it was
destroyed on being removed from the abbey
Q. W. V.
SIR WALTER L'ESPEC.
(10 th S. ii. 287, 513.)
IT is rather odd to see the great and munifi-
cent Baron of Helrnslac in Yorkshire styled
"Sir Walter." It is little wonder that
families of his name desired to trace some
relationship, but descendants they could not
be, as his sisters Hawise, Albreda, and
Odeline were his heirs. He himself was the
heir, probably son, of " Willelm Spech," who
held in 1086 (Dora. Bk. i. 214b and 215)
Wardon and other manors in Bedfordshire
in cajnte, for these descended to him.
In Devonshire in 1166 we find Richard
" Espec " holding three knights' fees of
Robert FitzRoy, and (Richard " Spec ") one
of the Honor of William de Traci (' Liber
Niger,' 120, 121). This Richard de " Espech,"
as husband of (Margaret?) the daughter and
heiress of William de " Treiminettes " ("de
tribus Minutis"), of " Branford," confirmed to
the church of St. Nicholas at Exeter and
the monks of Battle, there serving God, the
advowson of St. Peter at Branforf, given
them by Walter de Tribus Minutis and
William his son, whose daughter "I married"
("duxi uxorem"). Robert "Espac"oneof the
witnesses. This grant was further confirmed,
first by Robert "de Espech," as son (and
heir) of Richard "Espec," and witnessed by
Master Alard, then Sheriff of Devon ; and
afterwards by William " Espech," as son of
Richard and brother (and heir) of Robert
" Espac." This priory at Exeter was a cell of
Battle Abbey (Coll. Top et Gen., i. 62, 382).
This is how the family of Speke became
possessed of Brampford-Speke, so called after
them to this day. I do not see how " L'Espec "
could ever have meant "Spicer." Norman
| surnames were derived from a great variety
j of sources ; even opprobrious nicknames were
handed down, and the names of animals and
birds were used. Anyhow, the only example
of a similar word given in Du Fresne's
edition of Du Cange's ' Glossary ' is " Espec,
nunc Pivert: 1'oiseau a plumage jaune et
vert," identified as the green woodpecker.
If this was the origin of the surname it
would make it more probable that all who
bore it were descended from one so nick-
named, from some personal peculiarity that
suggested its being given him, perhaps per-
severance in going through with anything
he undertook, returning again and again if
foiled.
"De tribus Minutis" is another peculiar
surname, possibly originally given to one for
in. JAN. 14, 1905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
31
performing some remarkable feat in that
brief space, or to one who used to say, as
some do now, "I shall only be two or three
minutes," knowing well they will be much
longer. There may, of course, be a more
subtle derivation for both surnames, but I
am afraid this is too small a matter to ask
PROF. SKEAT to give us his opinion upon.
A. S. ELLIS.
Westminster.
It is quite certain that the O. French espec
has nothing to do with spicer, but is a totally
different word, and means a speight, i.e., a
woodpecker. Godefroy's 'O.F. Diet.' gives
espec, especque, espoit, espois, a woodpecker,
with several quotations. A very clear one is
from an old glossary : " Picus, ung pivert ou
especque." Pivert is still in use. The O.F.
espec resulted from an attempt to adopt the
Du. and G. specht. Cf. Prov. E. wood-spack,
wood spite, both given by Swainson (E.D.S.).
Cotgrave has both e'peiche and Jpiche, "a
speight, the red - tailed woodpecker, or
highaw." The form e'peiche is still in use ; so
says Hatzfeld. The E. form is speight, which
is also used as a proper name There was
an editor of Chaucer who spelt it Spegkt.
WALTER W. SKEAT.
SPELLING REFORM (10 th S. ii. 305, 450). It
would be interesting to know what is the
ground of the preference which MR. RALPH
THOATAS feels for the spelling forego rather
than forgo. I suppose forebid, foreget, or
foreswear would have no attraction for him,
so that he would say that he liked forego
best because he, and probably a majority of
his contemporaries, have always so written
it. He does not trouble himself about which
is right. Neither do I : that is to say, I do
not desire to alter a spelling in accordance
with what I perceive to be the true origin
of the word. But if I find that there are
good literary authorities, ancient and modern,
for a certain spelling which does accord
with the true etymology, I like to side with
those who know the fact rather than with
those who do not. Now the for words are
generally akin to the German words beginning
with ver, and the fore words to those in
German beginning with vor. If, then, I find
two words/ore<70 and forgo, differently built
up, and entirely differing in signification,
though differing but little in sound, 1 am not
surprised that they should have been con-
founded, though I should see cause for regret
if the blunder should be perpetuated. I wrote
some of this to a friend many years ago. He
answered, "Ah ! Shakspere and Milton are
good enough for me, and as they spelt so I
spell." What he meant was that as their
later editors spelt so he spelt ; and I have
thought it might interest your readers, or
some of them, if I showed how Shakspere and
Milton themselves did deal with those verbs.
I have not Mil ton at hand nor the concordance ;
but, if my memory serves me, he had four
times to express the sense " do without," and
then the word he used was forgo. Once he
expressed going before, and his word was, as
might be expected, forego. I am not sure of
the numbers, but I am quite sure of the
distinction.
Nor is there any doubt in the case of
Shakspere. 1 mean Shakspere himself, not
his editors. Eleven times they use the word
forego or its belongings : in eight of them
they mean him to express "do without" ; but
the poet himself spelt them, so far as the
First Folio teaches us, forgo. In two cases
one in ' All 's Well that Ends Well,' and one
in 'Othello' he means "goes before," and
writes " fore-goer " and " fore-gone."
There is one more an interesting one in
'All 's Well that Ends Well,' Act I. sc. iii. : "By
our remembrances of days foregone.'' So write
the editors, and so nearly wrote Shakspere
" of days forgon." It may be that he
spelt wrongly in the opposite way from
theirs ; but bearing in mind that the German
absolute equivalent of the English forgo is
vergehen, and that that means "to pass away,
to elapse," it would seem that we have here
another meaning for the legitimate word
forgo, the passage meaning "of days gone by "
or "of vanished days." ALDENHAM.
" LICENCE" AND " LICENSE " (10 th S. ii. 484).
Like every one else, I have the greatest
respect for PROF. SKEAT as an authority in
the etymology of our language. In my
note at 10 th S. ii. 451 I should not have said
that license, practise, and prophesy are spelt
with ce when used as nouns " in defiance of
all rule." It was a mistake due to a partial
alteration of my sentence, which is not
worth explaining. I had PROF. SKEAT'S
dictionary at hand when I was writing.
My objection was, and is, to the two spellings,
the arbitrary double forms which serve no
useful purpose and are a real trouble in the
schoolroom. PROF. SKEAT is in favour of ce
in all these words. In the case of the third
word I read in his dictionary that the
distinction between the sy and cy forms is
"unoriginal, arbitrary, and absurd." Very
well, then ; cannot we get rid of the double
form altogether 1 There is no good reason
why in these matters we should be bound by
32
NOTES AND QUERIES, [iv s. m. JAX. H,
the mere custom of former centuries ; more
especially since we most of us know how
erratic and haphazard the spelling of our
ancestors was. In his dictionary PROF.
SKEAT rightly raises his voice against
ascendant and descendant ; in this he rebels
against former usage and authority ; but he
falls away over the word attendant, because
he has found attendaunce in Chaucer ; in this
he becomes again a slave to authority and
usage.
I appeal to PROF. SKEAT to have the
courage of his opinions, and to head the
Sarty of reform in spelling. He will probably
nd that Oxford, Cambridge, the Conference
of Head Masters, and the chief London
printers will support him in bringing about
some useful changes, which other authorities
are too cautious to originate. F. P.
GREAT SEAL IN GUTTA-PERCHA (10 th S. ii.
528). The Great Seal of Ireland at the pre-
sent day is made of gutta-percha of a green
colour. The process consists of softening
two discs of gutta-percha in hot water and
impressing the matrices on the discs. To use
no stronger word, the very name " gutta-
percha " is enough to condemn such a material
for the purpose ; but apart from considera-
tions of a sentimental nature, the use of
gutta-percha is to be deprecated, for when
subjected to certain changes of temperature,
and after the lapse of some years, it seems
to lose some of its consistency and to become
fragile and gradually decay. The seal of
Ulster's office used to be made in gutta-
percha, but I have substituted for it pure
vermilion wax, which is practically everlast-
ing, and, even if not encased in a metal box,
is safe from being eaten by rats or mice,
owing to the red lead in the colouring.
I may mention that the Great Seal of
England is made of a very brittle yellow
material, mostly composed of resin, the result
being that it is very easily broken. I would
suggest to the Clerks of the Crown and
Hanaper that they should return to the ways
of our forefathers, and use pure wax, which
can be obtained, specially prepared, from
Messrs. Ready, of the British Museum.
It is lamentable to contemplate that in a
hundred years or so there will hardly be a
perfect specimen of the gutta-percha Great
Seal of Ireland, or the resin Great Seal of
England, in existence.
ARTHUR VICARS, Ulster.
MERCURY IN TOM QUAD (10 th S. ii. 467,
531). I knew Tom Quad in the early thirties,
when a current story explained the recent
deposition of Mercury. Coming to chapel
one morning, men beheld the eloquent grand-
son of Atlas arrayed in surplice, doctor's
hood, scarf, bands, and trencher cap, his
black face peering out of these adornments
unacademically. A frost had hardened the
water in the basin, giving access to the god
during the night; but the ice had been care-
fully broken, so that no one could approach
him in the morning without a plunge into-
freezing water five feet deep. King Gaisford,
in his rage and fury, commanded that the
image should be removed, and I seem to-
remember it lying in the St. Aldate's yard of
which Canon Thompson speaks. When Lord
Derby came down to be installed as Chan-
cellor he is said to have recalled the freak,
and to have confessed himself one of its
perpetrators. SENEX.
QUEEN ANNE'S LAST YEARS (10 th S. ii. 503).
The book is :
" Memoirs of the four last years of the reign of
Queen Anne, from 1710, to her death. In which
the characters of the most eminent persons of both
parties that acted under that Princess are impar-
tially drawn : and the history of those important
transactions are [sic] set in a clear light. To which
is prefixed a succinct view of the continual struggles
of parties, from the Reformation to 1710. London,
printed for T. Cooper, at the Globe in Paternoster
Row, 1742."
I do not find this in Halkett and Laing's
'Dictionary,' though it is mentioned in
Watt, but without information as to the
author. An earlier work, with a somewhat
similar but still longer title, and dated 1729,.
is mentioned by both, and attributed to
" Gibson."
I do not know whether the 1742 book is-
founded on, or is perhaps merely a reissue
of. that of 1729, as I have not seen the latter.
The former is written in the Whig interest,
but is of no value. J. F. R.
Godalming.
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF CHRISTMAS (10 th S. ii.
503). May I add to W. C. B.'s second valuable
list the following, relating to what must ever
be a subject of unabated interest ?
Thomas K. Hervey. The Book of Christinas i
descriptive of its Customs, Ceremonies, Traditions,
iSuperstitions, Fun, Feeling, and Festivities. 8vo,
1836. With illustrations by R. Seymour. The
Athenanim gave a very favourable review of this
work.
William Sandys, F.S.A. Christmas Tide: ita
History, Festivities, &c.
Christmas in N aples. The L)uke of Andria Carafa,
in The Daily Messenger of Paris, Nov. or Dec. (pro-
bably the latter), 1903.
Santa Claus in Italy. The Daily Telegraph,
20 Dec., 1903.
Christmas in France. Coxe's 'Tour through,
France."
in. JA>-. 14, loos.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
33
Bygone Christinas Days. Sir Edwin Arnold in
The Daily Telegraph, 26 Dec., 1903.
Household Words, Sept. or Aug., 1896. An article
on fare for particular seasons.
Christmas Eve in Bethlehem. By Ella T. Wheeler.
The Queen, 1899.
Christmas Customs. In The Queen, 11 Jan., 1868,
quoted from The Broad tmy.
Christmas in Mediseval England. By G. Holden
Pike, in The Queen, 22 Nov , 1903.
Yule and Christmas: a Study in Germanic Origins.
A paper read at the January, 1897, meeting of the
Glasgow Archaeological Society, by Dr. Alexander
Tillie. See The Antiquary, March, 1897.
Brand s Popular Antiquities. Bohn, 1853, vol. i.
Christmas in Mexico. The Globe newspaper,
23 Dec., 1903.
Yule-Tide Celebrations. The Globe, No. 810.
Christmas Carols aud Customs. The Queen,
29 Dec., 1S66.
Christmas-Tree Land. The Queen, 20 Dec., 1902.
Christmas Cakes. The Globe, 27 Dec., 1902.
Gloucestershire Wassailers' Song. The Penny
Post, 1 May, 1871.
Games for Christmas Parties. Pearson's Weekly,
1 Jan., 1898.
Twelfth Night : its Decay as a Festival. House-
hold Words, Nov. or Dec., 1896
Christmas Cards : their Origin and Manufacture.
The Windsor Afaya~ine, I think, of the year 1897.
Also a note by Peter Lombard in The Church Times,
1 Jan., 1892.
Twelfth Night in 1810. The Globe, 8 Jan., 1904.
Christmas Stories. The Globe, 26 Dec., 1903;
also a paragraph of the same date, ' Mumping' and
' Furmety.'
J. HOLDEN MACM~ICHAEL.
HERALDIC (10 th S. ii 408). The arms im-
paled, Sinister, "a chevron between two fleurs-
de-lis in chief and a crab in base," belong to
the Scottish family of Crab of Robslaw.
In ' Burke's Armory ' they are thus given :
" Az., a chevron arg between two fleurs-de-
lis in chief and a crab in base or." Crest :
"A salmon naiant."
In the collection of seals in the British
Museum there are two impressions of these
arms : the one is said to belong to Paul Crab
(A.D. 1310), bearing the words s' PAVLVS
CRAB ; the other is that of William Crab,
burgess of Aberdeen (A.D. 1499), which has,
besides the arms, a crest on a helmet, "a
cherub's head in profile, between two wings
erect"; supporters, two swans rising; and
the legend '* S : wilelmi crab." The numbers
of these two seals are 15,987 and 15,988.
The original founders of many towns in
Scotland were Flemish settlers. One of the
most famous of these was John Crab, who is
first mentioned in the siege of Berwick, 1319,
where stones discharged from his crane shat-
tered the roof of the English "sow," and
payments occur for his services at Berwick
(1329-31). When Edward Balliol besieged
Berwick, 1332, he conducted ten ships from
Berwick to the Tay and captured Henry of
Beaumont's ship, the "Beaumonts Cogge " ;
but his vessels were burnt in the engage-
ment which followed, and the Treasury paid
35y. 4s. to the Flemings who owned them.
Shortly afterwards Crab acquired land near
Aberdeen, and became burgess and custuraar
of that town. His name is spelt in various-
ways, Crawe, Crab, Crabb, Crabbe. An Adam
Crab was Bailie of Aberdeen between 1384
and 1387 ; and a Sir John Crab, chaplain,
was a custumar of St. Andrews between 1384
and 1402. I think the arms dexter could be
traced by reference to Papworth and Morant's-
' Dictionary of Coats of Arms,' which I have-
not to hand.
I venture to call attention to my own
heraldic query, under the name Waterton
(10 th S. ii. 29), of which I have at present
received no solution. CHR. WATSON.
MR. EADCLIFFE'S description of the arms
on his tankard conveys no indication of
tincture. That of the dexter side might
apparently be the coat of (1) Kelland of
Painsford, Devon (Sable, a fess argent, in
chief three fleurs-de-lis of the last) ; or of
(2) Kempton, of Cambridge, or of Hadley, in
Middlesex, or of London (Azure, a fess or,
in chief three fleurs-de-lis of the last) : or of
(3) "Sire W. Wolford, a Gascoigne" (Sable,
a fess or, in chief three fleurs-de-lis of the-
last).
That of the sinister side may be the coat of
(1) Crabb of Castlewich, in Cornwall (Azure,
a chevron between two fleurs-de-lis in chief
and a crab in base or) ; or of (2) Crab of
Robslaw, in Scotland (Azure, a chevron
argent between two fleurs-de-lis in chief and
a crab in base or). From the last- mentioned!
coat there may possibly be other develop-
ments in which the charges remain unaltered
while the tinctures are changed. It is here-
assumed that the fess in the one case and th&
chevron in the other are not differentiated
by variety of outline, but formed by simple-
straight lines. H. A. W.
CHILDREN AT EXECUTIONS (10 th S. ii. 34G>
454, 516). In ' Nollekens and his Times,' by
John Thomas Smith, the author, amongst
very many curious and interesting remi-
niscences, narrates the following :
" I remember well, when I was in my eighth
year, Mr. Nollekens calling at my father's house
in Great Portland Street, and taking me to Oxford
Road to see the notorious Jack Rann, commonly
called ' Sixteen-string Jack,' go to Tyburn to be
hanged for robbing Dr. William Bell, in Gunners-
bury Lane, of his watch and eighteenpence in
money ; for which he received sentence of death
on Tuesday, the 26th of October, 1774. The criminal
34
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io* s. HI. JAN. u,
dressed in a pea-green coat, with an immense
nosegay in the button- holes, which had been pre-
>sented to him at St. Sepulchre's steps; and his
nankin small-clothes, we were told, were tied at
each knee with sixteen strings. After he had
passed, and Mr. Nollekens was leading me home by
the hand, I recollect his stooping down to me, and
observing, in a low tone of voice, 'Tom, now, my
little man, if my father-in-law, Mr. Justice Welch,
-had been High-constable, we could have walked
by the side of the cart all the way to Tyburn."
-Such were the barbarous notions then in
vogue as to the duty of " teaching the young
idea" by the object lesson of "shocking
examples." WALTER B. KINGSFORD.
United University Club.
Even as late as 1869 there were a few old-
fashioned schoolmasters who still permitted
their pupils to witness executions, from the
object-lesson point of view. I was a small
Tjoy at a school in Norwich during that year,
and I vividly remember being taken by the
usher we called assistant masters ushers
then to see the last public execution in
Norwich. The criminal's name was Hubbard
Lingley, and I think he murdered his uncle ;
but I have never heard the details of the
crime. The whole ghastly scene made a very
profound impression on me, and I remember
it distinctly to this day. For years I kept
one of the broadsides purporting to contain
"the last dying speech," fec., with a little
woodcut, supposed to represent the actual
execution, at the head of it, which were
hawked about amongst the crowd.
FREDERICK T. HIBGAME.
ALGONQUIN ELEMENT IN ENGLISH (10 th S.
ii. 422). Would MR. PLATT kindly tell us
whether the word " wpodchuck," in its
meaning of Picus viridis, is the same as that
which signifies the Virginian marmot (Arc-
tomys monax)'! Further, does the form
woodchuck render the sound of the Algonquin
word exactly? or has it been modelled by
the influence of folk-etymology ?
G. KRUEGER.
Berlin.
ENGLISH BURIAL-GROUND AT LISBON (10 th
S. ii. 448). Some years ago I endeavoured to
obtain through 'N. & Q? information con-
cerning the graves of Dr. Dodd ridge and
Henry Fielding, both of which are in the
English Cemetery at Lisbon. I failed to
obtain any first-hand particulars; but should
MR. MARSHAM-TOWNSHEND like to refer to
what was said, he will find Doddridge at
7 th S. viii. 8, 112, 177, and Fielding at 8 th S.
iv. 164, 314.
I very much wish a list of those buried in the
English Cemetery at Lisbon could be inserted
in 'N. & Q.' Many distinguished officers
who fell in the Peninsular War lie in this
sacred enclosure, as well as the two notable
men above mentioned. JOHN T. PAGE.
West Haddon, Northamptonshire.
The inscriptions at the Estrella were copied
by the late Rev. C. B. Norcliffe, of Langton
Hall, Malton, in 1876, and the MS is doubtless
still at Langton, in the possession of his
brother. The oldest M.I. he copied were
those of Sir Samuel Wright, 21 January,
1737-8; Henry Fielding the novelist, and Dr.
Philip Doddridge. Mr. Norcliffe informed
me that many were concealed by the luxu-
riant growth of the prickly pear. Some of
the residents at Lisbon prior to the earth-
quake are mentioned in the notes in William
Carew's Prayer Book, printed in the Mis-
cellanea Genealogica, vol. iv., New Series,
pp. 321-3; and numerous letters which tell
the history of the factories in Portugal
(Lisbon and Oporto) are in the English
Foreign Office. G. D. LUMB.
Some years since some records with refer-
ence to English Roman Catholics buried at
Lisbon were obtained from the English
College. It would bo worth while inquiring
whether the College library contains any
account of the cemetery in the last century,
as it very likely may do.
FREDERICK T. HIBGAME.
BLOOD USED IN BUILDING (10 th S. ii 389,
455). MR EDWARD PEACOCK is in error when
he ranks blood with "other materials equally
useless " for imparting strength to mortar.
Standage's ' Cements, Pastes,' kc. (Crosby
Lockwood & Son, 1893), includes certain
recipes for blood cements for filling joints
between brick and building stones, &c., bul-
lock's blood, slaked lime, ashes, and alum
being the ingredients. A Chinese blood
cement, said to be in general use for making
wooden pasteboard and other vessels water-
proof, is composed of 100 parts of slaked
lime, 75 parts of bullock's blood well beaten,
and 2 parts of alum. In another recipe iron
filings and cement are used along with the
blood and lime. Milk, cheese, and eggs
(chiefly the white) appear in others. The
albumen in the blood, white of eggs, &c.,
appears to be the medium of value.
LIONEL CRESSWELL.
Wood Hall, Calverley.
That this practice has been continued into
recent times is certain, for when I spoke to a
local builder on the subject he informed me
that his father, some years ago, made a
lime-ash floor in a cottage situated in the
adjoining village of East Budleigh, and
io">s. in. JAX.H, 1905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
35
mixed the materials with a quantity of
bullock's blood so as to make the work more
solid and durable. The floor yet remains,
and in good order, but is quite white, the
lime having destroyed the red colour of the
blood. As pointed out by MR. E. PEACOCK,
the red colour of Roman mortar or cement is
sometimes due to iron stain ; but it is more
frequently owing to an entirely different
-cause. Some years since, when making a
careful examination of the Roman masonry
of the Julian Tower at Chester Castle, I
noticed that red bonding mortar had been
employed ; and on my referring the matter to
the late C. Roach Smith, the well-known
antiquary, he informed me that it was
due to the use of red pounded tile with the
lime of the mortar. In connexion with this
subject, the following remarks on a portion
of the Roman wall laid bare on Tower Hill,
London, during some excavations in the
year 1852, recorded in that author's ' Roman
London' (1859), p. 16, will be read with
interest :
"The core of the wall is composed of rubble
cemented together with concrete, in which lime
predominates, as is usual in Roman mortar.
Founded tile is also used in the mortar which
cements the facing. This gives it that peculiar red
hue which led Fitzstephen to imagine the cement
of the foundations of the Tower to have been
tempered with the blood of beasts (casmento cum
sanguine animalium temperato)."
T. N. BRUSHFIELD, M.D.
Salterton, Devon.
Many South African native tribes notably
the Zulus and others of the Bantu race use
bullock's blood to polish the mud floors of
their huts, which gradually assume an appear-
ance something like black marble. The coat-
ing of blood is frequently renewed, and it
combines with the soil in producing a hard,
firm, and solid flooring. I have also seen
bullock's blood used for the same purpose in
the farmhouses of Boers up-country.
FRANK SCHLOESSER.
15, Grosvenor Road, S-W.
A good deal is given about this practice in
7 th S. vi. 265, 349; vii. 13, under ' Kirk Grims.'
Let me add these further notes :
Adamnan, ' S. Columba,' ed. Fowler, p. 137.
' Seven Champions of Christendom,' under S.
George, chap. xvi.
Southey's ' Madoc,' 1853, note on p. 294.
Addy, * Hall of Waltheof,' 1893. chap. ix.
Literature, 30 July, 1898, p. 91.
W. C. B.
I remember in my schooldays an Indian
missionary who bought and demolished old
idol temples. He found extreme difficulty in
breaking down the walls, and ascribed this
to the use of sugar as an ingredient of the-
mortar. It would be interesting to know
whether sugar has ever been subjected to
expert building tests in this country, and if
there are practical possibilities of its regular
employment as a constituent of mortar.
FRANCIS P. MARCHANT.
Streatham Common.
THREE TAILORS OF TOOLEY STREET (10 th S.
ii. 468). A propos of the three tailors of
Tooley Street beginning their address, "We,
the people of England," a district councillor
of New Maiden, in April, 1902, having just
been elected, announced, by way of thanking
the electorate, that they had " raised him
from obscurity to a niche in history."
J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.
HIGH PEAK WORDS (10 th S. ii. 201, 282, 384,
472). It will be interesting to MR. ELWORTHY
and your readers to know that vrin'rau* is a
very common word in Dumfriesshire, and is
used to describe peats set up to dry in open
form, so that the wind can pass freely
through. It is also applied to hay raked
into loose rows to dry. GEO. IRVING.
BEN JONSON AND BACON (10 th S. ii. 469).
There is no intimation whatever in my copy
of 'Ben Jonson,'by John Addington Symonds
(Longmans, Green fe Co., 1888). of Rare Ben
having been in the service of Bacon.
KENRY GERALD HOPE.
119, Elms Road, Clapham, S.W.
BATTLEFIELD SAYINGS (10 th S. i. 268, 375,
437 ; ii. 275). An English book called ' La
Compagnie Irlandaise,' by Capt. Kirwan,
was published shortly after the Franco-
Prussian War, and I read it when it first
appeared. It was an interesting account of
the adventures of the Irish Company of the
Foreign Legion in the service of France.
When the company were advancing under
fire at the siege of Montbelliard, a very tall
Irishman was observed to duck his head
every time a shell flew over the ranks. " Pas
de gyinnastique !" cried a sergeant; "hold
up your head, man." ' ; Faith, I will, as soon
as there 's room enough," said the soldier. _
A man who had been through a campaign
told me, some years ago, that a young
soldier, who for the first time found himself
in the firing-line, called out to his captain,
when the enemy's missiles began to whizz
past, "Please, sir, they're firing real bullets ! ;}
JOHN HOBSON MATTHEWS,
MonmouUi.
I have been told of a colonel who, durin-g
the Peninsular War, addressed his regiment
36
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io<" s. in. JA*. w
before going into action in these words, " My
men, you are going to hold the worst post
there is. By to-night you will be either the
most distinguished regiment in the British
army, or the most extinguished."
General Prim, when colonel of his regiment
in the Spanish army during the war of
Morocco, is said to have flung his cap into
the enemy's trenches, crying out to his men,
"Follow me! O caja 6 faja!" ("Either a
coffin or a general's sash ! ") W. L. POOLE.
Montevideo.
GEORGE WASHINGTON'S ARMS (10 th S. ii.
327, 417). I think Dr. Conway is mistaken
in saying that the estate (is the family
meant ?) gave name to the village of Washing-
ton, co. Durham. Is not it more likely to be
the other away about that the village gave
name to the family, especially taking into
account the prefix "de," de Wessington or
Washington? K. B R.
PARISH DOCUMENTS : THEIR PRESERVATION
(10 th S. ii. 267, 330, 414, 476, 512, 535). In the
discussion of this subject at these refer-
ences parish registers are mixed up with
parish documents (or records), which it would
have been better to have kept apart.
By clause 17, section 8, of the Local Govern-
ment (England and Wales) Act of 5 March,
1894, church registers are excluded from
parish records by these words : " The cus-
tody of the Registers of Baptisms, Marriages,
and Burials, &c., shall remain as providec
by the existing law unaffected by this Act.'
That being the case, the two subjects should
be dealt with separately.
As regards parish documents (or records)
no mention has yet been made of a Bill for
the Preservation of Public and Private Loca
Records. This Bill (108) was presented to
the House of Commons by Mr. Bull (Ham
mersmith) on 19 March, 1903, and was reac
the first time. It was down for the seconc
reading on 7 April, 1903, but Parliamen
adjourned on 8 April for the Easter holiday .
and (so far as I know) nothing further wa
done with this Bill. It was proposed in th
Bill to be cited as " The Local Records Act
1903."
The Bill presented by the Marquis of Salis
bury in the House of Lords on 12 August
1904, and mentioned by MR. PAGE at the la;
reference, is of a much more comprehensiv
ne for the Government to grapple with, if
we may judge from their consumption of
ime over it. Five years have been spent
bus :
The Committee was appointed 10 August,
899.
The official letter from the Treasury and
wo Schedules of Queries to England and 1
Vales, Scotland and Ireland, 30 November.
Latest date of a reply to this letter,.
6 August, 1902.
Report of the Committee, 29 October.
Bill of Mr. Bull presented, read a first time
n the House of Commons, 19 March, 1903.
Bill of the Marquis of Salisbury, presented 1
nd read a first time in the House of Lords,
2 August, 1904.
It would be an inestimable boon if the-
authorities of all the remaining City parishes-
vould at once decide upon following the
most excellent example of their City brethren,
and send all their "local records" to th&
jruiklhall Library as soon as possible. Of
the sixty-one City parishes (within the Bills
of Mortality of former times), forty-three
lave sent in their local records, leaving:
ighteen more parishes to do likewise.
C. MASON.
29, Emperor's Gate, S.W.
ARMORIAL VISITING CARDS (10 th S. ii. 509).
Such cards are still used in Italy. I have
before me now the card of one of the com-
mittee of the Exhibition of Sienese Art of
last autumn, which he was good enough to
give me in September. It bears his coat of
arms and coronet in the left-hand corner.
WILLIAM GEORGE BLACK.
Dowanhill Gardens, Glasgow.
These are in use in Portugal at the present
time. E. E. STREET.
"PuiL ELIA" (10 th S. ii. 527). As most
lovers of Charles Lamb are aware, the so-
called preface to the 'Last Essays of Elia,'
signed Phil Elia, was one of Lamb's own
"lie children." This was a form of mystifica-
tion in which he delighted. The ' Biographical
Memoir of Mr. Liston ' and the 'Autobio-
graphy of Mr. Munden' are other well-known
instances. As Procter (Barry Cornwall)
states in his edition of the 'Essays.' the
preface was evidently intended originally as
~ postscript to the first series of 'Essays/
nature than Mr. Bull's Bill of 1903; but in my Lamb at the time did not intend to furnish
humble opinion the definition of the expres- any more contributions to The London
sion "Local Records" is most unsatisfactory Magazine, in which the first 'Essays' had
and perfunctory (see clause 6, section 6, on appeared, except possibly a few pieces he
p. 4 of this Bill). may have had in hand, and was only pre-
This subject appears to be a very difficult vailed upon to continue them at the solicita^
io*s. m. JAN. 14, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
tion of the publishers. The preface, as
originally printed, contained several intro-
ductory paragraphs afterwards omitted, and
the conclusion, containing the humorous
reference to the " ponderous tomes of figures
in his remarkably neat hand (the ledgers of
the East India House), which, more properly
than his few printed tracts, might be called
his 'Works.''' F. A. RUSSELL.
4, Nelgarde Road, Catford, S.E.
[MR. J. R. NUTTALL sends a cutting from The
Manchester Guardian of 5 January confirming MR.
R UDELL'S conclusion.]
HEACHAM PARISH OFFICERS (10 th S. ii. 247,
335, 371, 431). Although MR. HOLCOMBE
INGLEBY appeals specially to DR. FORSHAW
for "chapter and verse" respecting my
statement that it is the duty of a parish
constable to communicate personally with
the coroner and empanel a jury in cases of
sudden death or suicide, perhaps I may be
allowed to say a word or two as well. Since
I penned my note I have been looking up
information concerning the duties of parish
constables ; but as I have found it rather a
difficult task, I will detail my experience.
First of all I wrote to Eyre ife Spottiswoode,
to ask if anj r Act of Parliament was in their
possession containing such information. The
only one they could supply me with was
An Act to render unnecessary the General
Appointment of Parish Constables, 35 & 36
Viet., chap. 92, 10 August, 1872. From this
it appears that after 24 March, 1873, no
parish constable would be appointed, except
where the Court of General or Quarter Ses-
sions deem it necessary. Section 4 states :
" The vestry of any parish after due notice
may at any time resolve that one or more parish
constables shall be appointed for their parish, and
in such resolution may fix the amount of salary to
be paid to him or them, which salary shall be
paid out of the poor rate of the said parish," &c.
On the establishment of parish councils in
3894 this power of the vestry passed to
them, under section 6, subsec. 1 (</), of
the Local Government Act, 56 & 57 Viet.,
chap. 73. I have had the opportunity of
looking through the "instructions" in
the possession of our local parish con-
stable, but they simply relate to his duties
with respect to the preservation of the
peace. There is not a word in them govern-
ing his action in case of a sudden death or
suicide. Finding no information here, I then
applied to our resident police constable. He
told me that as the duty of communicating
with the coroner was the only one to which
any appreciable pay was attached, the parish
constable generally performed it. If he, for
any reason, failed to do it, the police constable
would have to carry it out. He showed me
a book bearing the following title:
^"Code | of Rules and Regulations | for the |
Northamptonshire Constabulary | approved by | the
Court of Quarter Sessions | April, 1881 ; | Issued by
| the Chief Constable 1 October, 1881. | Northamp-
ton | Stanton & Sons, Printers, Abington Street.''
From it I copied the following paragraphs.
Sec. 56, p. 12 :
" It is the duty of the Constabulary on hearing
of any case of sudden death to enquire mto the
circumstances and inform the Coroner, provided
the Parish Constable does not do so," &c.
Sec. 336, p. 89 :
" It is the duty of the Constabulary on hearing
of any cases of sudden death to enquire into the
circumstances immediately. Previous to the Con-
stable going for the Coroner, he should ascertain
whether or not the Parish Constable (if one is resi-
dent) has sent for him ; if he has not done so, or
does not state his intention of doing so, then it
would be the duty of the Police Constable to inform
the Coroner without delay," &c.
JOHN T. PAGE.
West Haddon, Northamptonshire.
HARDYKNUTE ' (10 th S. ii. 425, 536). In his
disquisition MR. A. C. JONAS ignores two of
the points raised at the first reference, and
in a somewhat hasty and inconclusive fashion
grapples with the third. "I am not aware,"
he observes, " that all along there have been
advocates for the authorship of Sir John
Bruce of Kinross." It might have been
expected that, in the circumstances, he would
have endeavoured to supplement the im-
perfect knowledge thus admitted, but this
he does not appear to have done. He refers
to Percy's "threshing" of Lady Wardlaw's
claim, and leaves his readers to infer that
the result established the lady as the author
of the ballad given by Ramsay. If he will
look a little more closely into the matter,
he will find that Percy writes :
" Hence it appears that Sir John [Bruce] was the
author of * Hardyknute,' but afterwards used Mrs.
Wardlaw to be the midwife of his poetry, and sup-
pressed the story of the vault ; as is well observed
by the editor of the 'Tragic Ballads,' and of Mait-
land's ' Scot. Poets,' vol. i. p. cxxvii."
Percy and the authorities he cites may be
all wrong, but that is not to the immediate
purpose, which is the attribution of the poem
to Bruce. In the contents of the ' Reliques,'
vol. ii., this descriptive entry speaks for
itself : " Hardyknute. A Scottish Fragment.
By Sir J. Bruce." THOMAS BAYNE.
"SARUM" (10 Ul S. ii. 445, 496). I fear MR.
HAMILTON has not noticed the second word
in the second line of my note, which is its
" point." I took it for granted that most
38
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io* s. in. JA*. u, 1905.
people ought by this time to be aware that
S'ar' stands, not for Sarum, but for Sarisbirie,
Sarisbiriensis, or the like ; and I was anxious
to find earlier positive evidence of the "de-
lusion." Q- V.
*' THE " AS PART or TITLE (10 th S. ii. 524).
If it be true, as COL. PEIDEAUX contends,
that the definite article "the" forms an in-
tegral part of the title of a newspaper, such
as The Times, the common phrase "this
morning's Times" must be incorrect, and we
should say "this morning's The Times. 11 If
COL. PEIDEAUX uses the former expression,
how does he justify it? H. A. HARBEN.
'AssisA DE TOLLONEIS,' &c. (10 th S. ii. 387,
451). I am greatly indebted to J. B. P. for
the trouble he has taken and for his reply,
which (as he himself suggests) does not get
me much "forrader." The list of councils,
&c., does not mention one of either David at
Newcastle ; so I have no evidence even of the
original date of the 'Assisa de Tolloneis.'
Dr. Macray suggested to me that possibly
the "&c." after millesimo was put down by
the copyist for the press because he could
not read the rest of the date ! Less greatly
daring, I suggest that he read a date which
did not coincide with the reign of David I.,
arid which was, in fact, the date of some
subsequent revision of the law in question.
But I shall be glad of any further light.
ROBERT J. WHITWELL.
Oxford.
SIR WILLIAM CALYERT (10 th S. ii. 528).
Sir William Cal vert 'died at Mount Maskall,
Kent, on 3 May, 1761. He was the eldest
son of William Calvert, of Furneaux Pelham,
Herts, a brewer, Alderman of Portsoken 1741
until his death. Sheriff in 1743, Lord Mayor
in 1748 ; member of Parliament for the City
of London, and subsequently for Old Sarum,
Wilts ; colonel of the Red Regiment of Militia;
and received the honorary degree of LL.D.
from the University of Cambridge during
his mayoralty. EDWARD M. BORRAJO.
The Library, Guildhall, E.G.
Sir William Calvert was born about 1704,
knighted at St. James's Palace 18 February,
1744, and buried 11 May, 1761, cet. fifty-seven.
C. MASON.
29, Emperor's Gate, S.W.
[Reply from MR. E. H. COLEMAX will appear
next week.]
MODERN ITALIAN ARTISTS (10 th S. ii. 468).
Daniele Bucciarelli, Professor of Drawing
at the Communal School at Modena, is also a
painter, and resides at No. 88, Via Yalegtro
in that city.
Federico Cessi is engaged at the Regia
Scuola, Modena.
Vicenzo Marchio is, I believe, dead some
years ago.
Further information may be obtained from-
Cav. d' Atri, modern picture dealer, Via Con-
dotti, Rome. JOHN HEBB.
AGNOSTIC POETS (10 th S. ii. 528). I should
think that DR. KRUEGER will be likely to get
what he wants if he writes to The Agnostic
Journal, Farringdon Road, London.
RALPH THOMAS.
NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.
A -Veu' English Dictionary on Historical Principles*
By Dr. James A. H. Murray. PargeterPen-
nacked. (Vol. VII.) (Oxford, Clarendon Press.)
A SENSIBLE advance towards the completion of Dr.
Murray's great task is made by the issue with the
new year of a triple part of vol. vii., containing a
large instalment of the letter P. It occupies 168.
pages, and supplies a total of 4,720 words illustrated
by 18,039 quotations. Against these figures Funk's
' Standard ' can oppose 2,388 words and 348 quo-
tations. Of this important contribution to the
alphabet two main words only, parrock (whence
park)=& fence or hurdles with which a space is
enclosed, a paddock, and path, belong to Old
English, though, as we are told, a few others, such
as parsley, part, pear, pease, and pea (in peacock);
had been introduced from Latin before or during:
Anglo-Saxon times. The remaining words appear
first in Middle English or the modern period. Few
words are from the Greek, such as are given being,,
with the exception of patriarch, patriot, and their
derivatives, scientific formations from patho. Words
from Spanish, Italian, Dutch, and Low German
are also few, and there are none of old Norse
derivation. Turkish contributes pasha, Tamil
pariah and patchmdi, Chinese Pekoe, and the
Algonquin group pemmican. Pass as a verb occu-
pies sixteen columns, its senses, uses, and con-
structions branching out into 140 sense-groups.
Other considerable articles are those on part, par-
ticular, party, pay, peace, pen, and pencil. Attention
is drawn to the fact that jjas., in the phrase "to-
come to pass," is " apparently not a verb infinitive,
but a noun meaning 'event,' 'issue,' or 'fulfil-
ment.' "
Pariah first appears in Purchas's 'Pilgrimage'
(1613) under the form of Pareas, who are naively
said to be "worse than the Diuell." Curious infor-
mation is found under Parian. Pari passu is
accepted into the language, as it is in the ' Stanford
Dictionary.' The derivation of the name Paris
Garden from Robert de Paris, who had a house
there in the time of Richard II., is quoted from
Blount's ' Glossographia ' without comment. It is
impossible to condense within reasonable space the
amount of information supplied concerning parish,
which first appears in Norman French sajtaroche
(hence parochial). Parish clerk is met with in
1386, parish councils in 1772. Under park we find
Sa parke* gate in 1260. We fail to trace Shake-
io* s. m. JA>-. n, loos.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
39
speare's "I'll be a park, and thou shalt be my
deer." The origin of parkin, a Yorkshire luxury,
is unknown. It is probably, as is conjectured, from
the name Perkin, with er sounded as ar, as is con-
stantly the case. Under park, parley, and other
words of cognate derivation is much of interest. These
lead naturally to parliament, the discussion of which
supplies one of the most interesting essays in the
work. The amount of historical information fur-
nished under this head is not easily indicated. It is
satisfactory to find an account of the French parle-
ment, often misused by English writers. Parlia-
mentarian is used so early as 1613. Parlour has
also an interesting history. Parlous is, of course,
a syncopated form of perilous. Under Parnassian
Mr. Gosse is given as authority for the use of a
term applied to poets of the nineteenth century
belonging to the Parnasse Moderne. That name, it
might be indicated, is taken from the ' Parnasse
iSatyrique' of the seventeenth century. Parole has
more significations than are generally known.
Paroxysm, in the form paroxixmos, is encountered so
early as 1577. No very definite origin is found for
parrot, which is first encountered in 1525. Some
space is devoted to parsley, petersilie, petrosilye,
&c. ; and much that is interesting and instructive
is furnished concerning parson Many of the com-
binations of part, such as part-song, are of extreme
interest. Part as a verb, " Come let us kiss and
part,'' is not less worthy of study. Carew and
Cowley both use parterre. Walpolehas, "I am not
parti"! to the family." Under particle we should
like Byron's "The mind, that very fiery particle."
Partlet, the name of a hen, is no older than
Chaucer, and parturition is no earlier than the middle
of the seventeenth century ; parturient is half a
century older. Party has, of course, many signi-
fications. Parly, in " the spirit of party," first
appears in 1729. De Quincey claims to have coined
parvani/nity in 1830, as an antithesis to magnanimity.
Boyle used it, however, a century and a half earlier.
Wotton first uses Pasquinade in 1592. Of Pasquin,
the coadjutor of Marfprius, an excellent account is
given. We would fain draw attention to patten,
patter, and a hundred more words, and have not,
indeed, gone through more than a section of the
number. As is obvious, however, the space we
have to devote to notices of books is very small,
and the calls upon it are numerous and urgent.
We quit this instalment the more readily since we
know that it is already being studied by some of
our readers. No part of this monumental work has
involved more labour than the present, and its
appearance exactly up to date is matter for con-
gratulation. At p. 567 the first cross-heading is not
quite accurate.
Diary and Letters of Madame cCArblay, 1778-1840.
With Preface and Notes by Austin Dobson.
Vols. I. and II. (Macmillan & Co.)
A NEW, handsome, well - illustrated, and, in a
sense, definitive edition of Fanny Burney's ' Diary
and Letters' is one of the greatest boons that can
be given to the lover of eighteenth-century litera-
ture and art. Apart from the interest felt in Fanny
herself who, at the outset at least, before she is
rather spoilt by homage, is a bewitching creature
her revelations cast a light upon England in the
days of Johnson not elsewhere to be obtained. As
regards Johnson himself, who at the time the diary
begins was close on seventy years of age, nowhere
except in the immortal pages of Boswell can we find
him depicted more exactly to the life. Our author
is, indeed, herself a Boswell, whose attention to
her subject is continually distracted to herself, of
which she had an overweening, if easily explicable^,
estimate. Charming as she is, we are at times a
little impatient of her egotism and her affectation,
and, in spite of Macaulay's defence of her from the-
gross and ill-natured attack of Croker, we think
her vainglory is but ill concealed. If ever there
was homage by which the head of a girl might well,
be turned it was hers. Dr. Johnson seems to have
been really in love with her during her residence at
the Thrales', and though he was then an old man r
she seems almost capable of reciprocating his adora-
tion. Reynolds was enthusiastic in her praise, and
Burke was sincere and outspoken in homage.
Similar tributes were paid in later days to a
namesake, Fanny Kemble, Mrs. Butler ; but the
worshippers in this case, though they included Mac-
aulay, Rogers, and Longfellow, were less august.
The present edition of the diary and letters is=
based upon the first edition, published in two-
separate instalments by Colburn in 1842 and 1846, as-
edited by her niece Charlotte Barrett. It has beeni
carefully and sympathetically edited by Mr. Austin,
Dobson, whose whole life might well have been a
preparation for the task, and whose notes are
admirably helpful and serviceable. The notes to
the original edition were, it was felt, inadequate to
modern requirements, and those now supplied were
written expressly for this issue. Conciseness has
been a chief aim of Mr. Dobson. The information
presented is, however, in every case adequate, and
the whole constitutes an admirably conscientious
and thorough piece of work. Appendices to the
volumes are new, and include unpublished letters
and extracts from various sources which were too
long to be incorporated in the notes. The illustra-
tions, consisting of portraits, views, autographs,
and plans, have a charm of their own, and con-
stitute an attractive feature in the work. In the
volumes already issued we have as frontispiece to
the first volume a portrait of Frances Burney, taken
in 1782 by Edward Francis Burney, and to the
second one of Hester Piozzi (Mrs. Thrale), by
George Dance, R.A., from the National Portrait
Gallery. Other portraits are of Dr. Johnson, by Sir
Joshua Reynolds ; of Dr. Burney, by the same ; of
Burke, by Romney ; and of Samuel Crisp, the
heroine's " Dear Daddy." There are in the first
volume three autographs of Fanny Burney. The
views, meanwhile, are numerous and well selected.
At this period of her life when she was young and
overflowing with animal spirits, Fanny Burney was
simply delicious. Her style had not yet been spoilt
by her imitation of Johnson, and her shrewd obser-
vations are admirably expressed. Her delight in
the homage she received is touching, and her
enjoyment carries one away. In the range of lite-
rature we scarcely know a passage more en-
chanting than the following which, familiar as
it is, we must quote upon hearing of Dr. John-
son's admiration for her 'Evelina': "But Dr.
Johnson's approbation ! it almost crazed me with
agreeable surprise it gave me such a flight of
spirits, that I danced a jig to Mr. Crisp without
any preparation, music, or explanation to his no
small amazement and diversion. I left him, how-
ever, to make his own comments upon my friskiness,
without affording him the smallest assistance." A
more delectable possession than this is not easily
to be hoped. The only thing that could add to its
40
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io* s. in. JAN. u, 1905.
value would be a reissue in the same form of the
' Early Diary.' That may not, however, be expected
yet awhile. The sixth and last volume will have a
general index.
Boawdfs Life of Johnson. 2 vols. (Frowde.)
THOUGH announced as in two volumes, and issued
in that shape, this admirably cheap and convenient
dition of this great classic reaches us in one volume.
Two volumes, respectively of 680 and 704 pages, are
Toound in one. So fine is, however, the paper that
the work can easily be slipped into the pocket
and carried with little sense of weight. In a cheap
edition such as this we are always disposed to
regard portability as a crowning virtue. A man
going for a long journey even is safe against dul-
ness if he carries with him a book such as this,
-which he can at will dip into or study. Portraits
of Johnson, each after Reynolds, are given as
-frontispieces to the two volumes. Vol. i. repro-
duces the title-page to the third edition, which is
followed in the text. Boswell's and Malone's adver-
tisements to the various early editions are inserted,
as is the chronological catalogue of Johnson's prose
works. A good index is given in the second
volume, and the edition is complete, convenient,
and satisfactory in all respects.
The Poetn and the. Poetry of the Nineteenth Century.
Edited by Alfred H. Miles. 3 vols. (Routledge
& Sons.)
IN a form equally pretty and convenient, and at a
price which brings them within reach of all, Messrs.
Routledge & Sons have supplied a reissue of the
encyclopedic work of Mr. Miles upon the poets and
poetry of the last century. Three volumes already
issued deal with Crabbe to Coleridge, Southey to
'.Shelley, and Keats to Lytton the first Lord Lytton,
that is. That the remaining volumes, completing
the series, will appear we doubt not. The work
will then have genuine value to the student, since
many of its contents are elsewhere inaccessible.
lialeffhana. Part VI. By T. N. Brushfield, M.D.,
F.S.A.
MANY of our readers will welcome the appearance
of a further portion of Dr. Brushfield's 'Ralegh-
ana,' reprinted, like the previous parts, from the
TraWiartioHS of the Devonshire Association. It
furnishes a very valuable bibliographical study of
' The History of the World,' and reproduces the
portrait from the third edition, 1617. Happy are
those who have kept the successive parts.
A Dictionary of Abbreviations. Contractions,
By Edward Latham. (Routledge & Sons.)
Who Wrote That ? By W. S. W. Curson. (Same
publishers.)
Mottoes and Badges. (Same author and publishers.)
THESK three serviceable and pretty little volumes
have been added to the "Miniature Reference
Series" of Messrs. Routledge. They are all useful,
some of them specially so. In days in which we
are all so unduly hurried we are ourselves often
:t a loss to know the meaning of abbreviations.
We fancy we have before mentioned the abbre-
viation W.L.P. on the title of a book. This meant
Wesleyan Local Preacher, and is not given by Mr.
Latham, whose book is, however, commendably
full. All the works are valuable, and all are as
cheap as they are pretty.
MR. E. S. DODOSON, whose synopsis of the Basque
verb we mentioned so recently as 24 December last,
has sent us an Essai de Traduction Basque de 'Don.
Quichotte,' 1 with instructive notes in French. It is
printed at Biarritz by Ernest Seitz.
THE forty-first edition of Herbert Fry's Royal
Guide to the London Charities, edited by John Lane
(Chatto & Windus), an excellent work in its class,
appears revised and corrected up to date.
ANTIQUITIES OF YORK. A Committee has been
formed to promote an Exhibition of old York Views
and Portraits of Local Worthies, to be held in
March and April of this year, with a view to
arousing interest in the preservation of the many
ancient and picturesque buildings in and around
the old city, and of illustrating the vast changes
that have taken place in the streets, fortifications,
&c., during the last two centuries. Possessors of
oil paintings, water-colour drawings, engravings,
mezzotints, lithographs, pencil drawings, original
copper-plates, or photographs of " Old York " or of
York worthies, likely to interest tke antiquary,
collector, or student, who are willing to lend them
for exhibition, are invited by the Executive Com-
mittee to communicatewith the honorary secretaries.
Dr. Evelyn and Mr. Benson, Exhibition Build-
ings, York. Arrangements have been made with
the Education Committee of the York Corporation
for the collection to be shown in the Exhibition
Buildings, and every precaution for the safety and
insurance of the exhibits will be taken, and mea-
sures adopted to prevent their being photographed
or copied without permission from the exhibitors
themselves.
igotictz ta 0m|r0ttir*ni8,
We must call special attention to the following
notices :
ON all communications must be written the name
and address of the sender, not necessarily for pub-
lication, but as a guarantee of good faith.
WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately.
To secure insertion of communications corre-
spondents must observe the following rules. Let
each note, query, or reply be written on a separate
slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and
such address as he wishes to appear. When answer-
ing queries, or making notes with regard to previous
entries in the paper, contributors are requested to
put in parentheses, immediately after the exact
heading, the series, volume, and page or pages to
which they refer. Correspondents who repeat
queries are requested to head the second com-
munication "Duplicate."
M. P. ("Blizzard"). Please forward extract
illustrating use of this word in 1802.
G. G. " Disbenched Judges" next week. Others
to follow.
NOTICE.
Editorial communications should be addressed
to "The Editor of 'Notes and Queries'" Adver-
tisements and Business Letters to "The Pub-
lisher" at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery
Lane, E.G.
We beg leave to state that we decline to return
communications which, for any reason, we do not
print ; and to this rule we can make no exception.
to" s. in. JAN. u, 1905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
THE ATHEN&UM
JOURNAL OF ENGLISH AND FOREIGN LITERATURE, SCIENCE,
THE FINE ARTS, MUSIC, AND THE DRAMA.
THIS WEEK'S ATHEN-ffiUM contains Articles on
MEMOIRS of the MARTYR KING.
Vols. IX. -XII. of the LETTERS of HORACE WALPOLE.
SELECTIONS from the CORRESPONDENCE of ADMIRAL JOHN MARKHAM during the YEARS
1801-4 and 1806-7.
MY SERVICE in the INDIAN ARMY and AFTER.
WESTERN EUROPE in the FIFTH and EIGHTH CENTURIES.
BBAY of BUCKHOLT. The PROSPECTOR. DAVID the CAPTAIN. BIBLE and SWORD.
FORTUNE'S CASTAWAY : a HISTORICAL ROMANCE. PAMELA'S CHOICE. LIMANORA :
the ISLAND of PROGRESS.
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. SHORT STORIES. TWO FRENCH NOVELS.
HIS YOUNG IMPORTANCE. AMERICAN FAMILIAR VERSE. MRS. PENNELL'S COOKERY
BOOKS. The WORKS of MOTLEY. The LAW of COPYRIGHT. POEMS of 1848 and
EARLIER DAYS. A DICTIONARY of QUOTATIONS in PROSE. The POETS and POETRY
of the NINETEENTH CENTURY. MOTHER GOOSE'S MELODY. CHILDREN'S WILD
FLOWERS. CHIRP and CHATTER. The DREAM-GARDEN. SWEDISH FAIRY TALES.
The LITERARY YEAR-BOOK and BOOKMAN'S DIRECTORY for 1905. The POST OFFICE
LONDON DIRECTORY. BURKE'S PEERAGE. WHITAKER'S ALMANACK and PEERAGE.
A WINTER SUNSET. CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION of ENGLAND and WALES. WHEN WAS
JOHN KNOX BORN? 'HISTORY of WEXFORD.' INCORPORATED ASSOCIATION of
ASSISTANT MASTERS.
The SCARLET PIMPERNEL.
Last Week's ATHEK2EUM contains Articles on
JAMES I. and VI. The DIARY of HENRY GREVILLE. The EVOLUTION of JAPAN.
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LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY SI, 1905.
CONTENTS.-No. 56.
NOTES : The Nail and the Clove, 41 Disbenched Judges
43 Father Paul Sarpi in English Literature, 44 Books o
Lady Dilke The Lyceum Theatre, 45 Lady Carnegie
afterwards Countess of Southesk George Romney, 1610
" But for the grace of God there goes John Bradford," 46
Extraordinary Tide in the Thames Robert Bloomfield
" Gutta cavat lapidem " Marvell's Poems and Satires, 47
QUERIES : Eighteenth - Century Plays Charles f. __
Spain Farmer of Hartshill, 48 Danish Surnames
Duelling Edmond and Edward John Cope, Engraver
"God called up from dreams" " And has it come to
this?" "As such" Heraldic Mottoes Sailors' Chanties
"God rest you merry " " Gospel of fatness "Gold
smith's ' Edwin and Angelina,' 49' Notes on Genesis '
Pig hanging a Man Arithmetic "T. D." Richard
Warren Municipal Documents "Je ne viens qu'en
mourant," 50.
REPLIES : Split Infinitive, 51 Coliseums Old and New.
52 "To have a month's mind" Maze at Seville, 54
Roman Theatre at Verulam Sir William Calvert Verse
Translations of Molifire Tarleton and the Sign of "The
Tabor," 55 Cross in the Greek Church London Ceme-
teries in 1860 "The Crown and Three Sugar Loaves"
Holborn, 56 Bringing in the Yule " Clog "Bishop of
Man Imprisoned Inscription on Statue of James II.
Walker Family, 57.
NOTES ON BOOKS: 'Roger Ascham's English Works
Douglas's 'Theodore Watts-Dunton '' Rugby School
Register.'
Booksellers' Catalogues.
Notices to Correspondents.
THE NAIL AND THE CLOVE.
IN the * Oxford English Dictionary ' the
word clove (sb. 3 ) is acknowledged to be a
difficulty :
" It is identical with L. davits, ' nail,' which was
also used as a lineal measure (see nail) ; but how
the measure and weight were related is not known.
Nor does it appear how the English form of the
word came to be dove, although its phonetic history
may have been parallel to that of clove, sb. 2 ."
The term is defined as " a weight formerly
used for wool and cheese, equal to 7 or 8 Ibs.
avoirdupois."
I owe so much gratitude to the 'O.E.D. 1
that I have tried to solve the problem, and
perhaps my essay may be of use when " nail "
comes to the front.
My study of the subject leads me to the
conclusion that the L. clavus and the Fr. dou
were blundering equivalents for "nail " ; the
scribes of the time had got hold of the wrong
nail. I propose to show this by the develop-
ment of the word, first as a measure, then as
a weight. It is a rather long story, for it is
an episode connected with the rise of our
system of measures and weights from their
origin ; but if the story is half as interesting
to readers of 4 N. & Q.' as the working out of
it has been to me, I believe I shall be par-
doned for its length.
Of the earliest lineal measures, the chief
was the natural cubit, the length of the fore-
arm from elbow to finger-tip, the mean
measurement of which in men is about 18i
inches. It was divided into 6 palms, or
hands, each of 4 digits or finger-breadths.
The division of the cubit into 24 digits
probably influenced the use of this number
in other measures, the scruple-division of
the ounce, the grain-division of the penny-
weight, and perhaps the astronomical day
just as the division of the half cubit or span
into 12 digits was the first step in the duo-
decimal system.
In due course the length of the cubit
became fixed by law. That of the Egyptian
common cubit was fixed at a length (equal
to 18-24 English inches) such that a fathom
of four cubits was exactly one-hundredth of
a stadium, or one-thousandth of a geographical
mile. When the Egyptian royal cubit was
introduced, its additional length (making it
equal to 20'62 English inches) was given by
adding a rather short palm (as in the cubit
and a handbreadth of Ezekiel), and making
this builder's cubit contain 7 palms, each of 4
digits, slightly shorter divisions than those of
the common cubit. The hieroglyphic of the
digit is a finger.
Before going further it may be well to note
the usual divisions of the common cubit
whether in Egypt or in other countries.
1. The foot, a convenient measure, two-
thirds of the cubit, divided into 4 palms or
16 digits.
2. The span, half of the cubit and equal to
about 9 of our inches. It has always and
everywhere been a popular measure. In
southern France the popular cloth-measure,
despite of the metric system of thefrancki-
nan Government, is still the pan. The pawn
of Geans (palmo of Genoa) is one of the
neasures mentioned in Recorde (1654). In
England women measure cloth by the long
inger or half-span, the length of the middle
finger, from tip to knuckle, bent.
3. The palm or hand, the palmus minor.
Originally 3 inches (4 digits) in England, it
rose to 4 inches, becoming thus the " hand "
horse-measure.
4. I mention pour memoire the scaeft-mund
of Anglo-Saxon times, or hand-shaft, the
.tahan sommesso the fist with thumb ex-
,ended, equal to about half a foot.
The span of the Greeks, half the Egyptian
Common cubit, was divided into 12 daktuloi
he Romans divided their somewhat shorter
nlmus major into 12 uncice. The 2wlmo of For-
42
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io<" s. m. JAX. 21, IMS.
tugal exactly, to a hundredth of an inch, the
Roman palmus (equal to 8 '74 inches) is di videc
into 12 dedos or digits. The modern Roman
palmo (equal to 8'79 inches) is, or was, of 12
oncie, and the foot>,piede, is of 16 ; this support
the view that the ancient uncia was, originally
at least, the twelfth of the palmus major.
Passing to the foot the Greek pous (the
Olympic foot, two- thirds of the Egyptian com-
mon cubit) wasdivided, like the modern Roman
piede, into 16 daktuloi, of which the span had
12. The Roman foot, originally the same as
the Greek foot, was shortened so that 5,000
feet should make the Greek land-mile of
stadia. It is probable that there were two
divisions of the Roman foot : the original,
into 16 uncice or diyiti ; a later one into 12
pollices, thumb-breadths, sometimes called
uncice in the generic sense of twelfths, the
imcia occupying the honorary position as the
twelfth of the foot, while favpollex (It. pollice,
Fr. pouce) was the actual twelfth. The L.
oncia, from Gr. oy/a'a, connected with 6'w,
certainly had the original meaning of a nail,
a nail-breadth, and was thus akin to unguis.
In India we find the span divided into 12
ungli, or nails. In France once or oince meant
a nail.
In England for many centuries there was
the same double series of lineal measures as
in other countries. From the span came the
popular ell- measures the Flemish ell of 3
spans, the English and Scottish yard-ell of 4
spans, the English ell of 5 spans, correspond-
ing to the French a^lne. The span was
probably, as with other peoples, divided into
12 ongkice, nails or inches, for ynce, unch, or
"inch" (with its doublet "ounce") is ob-
viously derived from the Roman term. But
the foot also arose at a very early period
of English history. Perhaps it may not be
superfluous to remark that the foot is not
taken from the length of the human foot, any
more than the thumb-breadth or a barleycorn
was the unit of length, or a grain of some
cereal the primitive unit of weight. The foot,
like the minor measures, was at first a frac-
tion (generally two-thirds) of a cubit, and was
so named from its being, very roughly, about
the length of a very long human foot. Our
foot is not the short Roman foot, nor the long
Rhineland foot of Scotland, nor the still
longer French foot. It is a foot peculiar to
our country, and evolved here scientifically ;
it became the standard measure of England,
and was divided into 12 parts, called " inches,"
leaving the synonym " nails " for the 16 digits
or nail-breadths which it contained as an
extension of the popular span. In course of
time it was found desirable, in order to estab-
lish the use of the foot, to adopt a measure
combining it with the span. So the " yard "
or " verge," of 3 feet, divided into 4 spans, or
quarters, became a standard lineal measure.
It had a rival in the ell of 5 spans (45 inches) r
which survived, principally in arithmetical
exercise books, up to about the last century.
Now, how were these two ells, that of 4 spans
and that of 5 spans, divided for cloth measure ?
In Wingate's ' Arithmetick,' 1670, 1 find "That
a Yard, as also an Ell, is usually subdivided
into four Quarters, and each Quarter into
four Nails." Cocker, 1677, says the same in
almost the same words.
So a nail denoted a sixteenth, either of the
4-span yard or of the 5-span ell ; not any
distinct length. It had become, like the
Indian "anna," the generic term for a six-
teenth. But with the gradual disuse of the
ell the nail became the synonym of the six-
teenth of a yard, and it is still among the
standard imperial measures.
Passing to " nail " as a weight, we find a,
development of the same idea of its being a
sixteenth part. Just as L. uncia, It. oncia,
From the twelfth of a span, became the six-
teenth of a foot, so Fr. once, from one-twelfth
of the duodecimal pound, became one-six-
teenth of the livre poids de marc ; and so the
Roman ounce, the basis of all our weights and
measures (except the royal troy pound, now
bappily obsolete), became the sixteenth of
our averdepois pound. Thus "ounce," a
doublet of unch or ynch, brought the idea of
'nail" into our weights as well as our
measures.
Here I tread on ground beset with pitfalls.
The importance of the wool trade as a source
of revenue to the Plantagenet kings led to
nuch confused legislation on our weights.
The mess which the statutes of our kings,
especially the Plantagenets, made with our
weights and measures, creates a difficulty in
distinguishing the royal fictive standards
: rom the real standards of commerce. The
greater part of the statutes on the sub-
_ect is fiction, often deliberate fiction, out
of which the truth is extracted with difficulty.
One thing is certain that our weights were
on the convenient sexdecimal system from
the dram, through the ounce, the pound, the
stone, 16 of each unit making one of the
next, up to the wey, or " weigh," of 256 pounds,
he weight of a coomb, or boll, or half-quarter
of wheat ; then 8 weys were equal to a
chaldron, the measure of 20 true hundred-
weights of wheat. Some of these larger units
were halved for convenience ; the wey, or
oad, would thus be halved to correspond
vith the weight carried on each side of the
io">s.in.jA>-.2i,i905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
43
pack-saddle. This lesser wey would contain
16 of the lesser stone, the London stone of
8 pounds, a weight so convenient that it
survives to this day in the meat trade, and I
believe in the Eastern counties for cheese.
When Edward III. raised the hundredweight
to 112 pounds, he divided it into 4 quarters,
and each quarter into 4 units of 7 pounds.
Now what name should be given to this
weight ? The term " nail " presents itself at
once as applicable to the sixteenth of the new
hundredweight. And so it was used in this
sense. Andrew Halyburton, the merchant
trading from the Netherlands, before 1500,
uses "nail," plural "nallis,"for the 7 pound
weight of wool. How would the scribes of
Plantagenet times, ignorant of the human
origin of the term " nail," render it in their
law Latin and French ] Very naturally they
blundered, and rendered it by L. davits and
Fr. clou, clone, or, in the script of the time,
clove. Apparently these terms "nail" and
"clove" took with the people, especially the
latter, and so we find the London stone of
8 pounds sometimes called a clove. Quotations
under ' Clove' in the ' O.E.D/ show the wey
as of 32 cloves, each by statute of 7 pounds,
but by custom of 8 pounds.
One quotation (1328) is : " quse quidem
trona continet in se quatuor pisas et quatuor
clavos," meaning " which Tron balance has
in (or with) it 4 ' weighs ' or weys and 4
cloves." Now I came across, in the Guildhall
Library, a document of very recent date
quoting an order of 1297, in which it is said
that the wool tron for the town of Lynne
" continet in se quatuor pisas et quatuordecim
clavos." This is translated as an auncel
weighing machine provided with "4 burden
points and 14 pivots or pins." So here the
thirteenth-century scribe puts " nail " into
Latin as clavus, and " wey " as pisa t and the
end - of - the - nineteenth - century antiquary
restores clavus as a pin, and pisa as the
burden point of a steelyard.
It is interesting to observe how the scribes
capped their rendering of "nail" as clavus
by translating " weigh " as pisa, I think it
probable that both terms were put into
French and then into Latin. One clerk would
naturally translate " weigh " by jiois, as in
aver de pois ; then some bright colleague,
perhaps the ingenious inventor of clou and
clavus, would put pois into Latin in the
leguminous form of pisum, modifying its
termination in accordance with the old
English pisa, pease.
The story I have attempted to tell shows the
trend of the human mind towards three
factors of measure : 24, 12, 16 (or 8). The
first gives way to the duodecimal system^
which in its turn gives way, except perhaps
for money, to the sexdecimal system, the
system which is on the whole best adapted
to mental calculation. Agricultural folk,
labourers, women, prefer a system enabling
them to double and to halve almost indefi-
nitely, while offering them resting-places at
superior or inferior units with familiar names,
as, for instance, in our measures of capacity.
Our "nail" system resembles the "anna"
system of India, where that term means a
sixteenth. It matters little that there is no
actual anna coin ; the idea of a sixteenth as
a division of the rupee or of any other unit
land, a venture, a crop is most convenient
to the popular mind. EDWARD NICHOLSON,
1, Huskisson Street, Liverpool.
DISBENCHED JUDGES.
THE following notes are intended as sup-
g'ementary to the articles on Mr. Justice-
olloway and Mr. Baron Ingleby in the
' Diet. Nat. Biog.' In printing them I may
mention that I have not as yet seen the
lately published volume of additions and
corrections.
Sir Richard Holloway, "being well in
health and of good and disposeing mind and
memory, but by reason of his age infirme,"
made his will at Oxford, on 12 January, "in
the eighth yeare of the Reigne of William
the third, &c., 1696." The Spartan simplicity
of the allusion to the reigning monarch by
the sturdy old Jacobite is certainly comical.
There were four sons : 1. John (born about
1661, died February, 1720), of St. John's
College, Oxford, and of the Inner Temple,
barrister - at - law. 2. Richard (born about
1664, died 10 September, 1681), of Christ
Church, Oxford, and a student of the Inner
Temple (1678). 3. Henry (born about 1667,,
died November, 1741), of Christ Church,
Oxford, and of the Inner Temple, barrister-
at-law. 4. Peter, likewise a lawyer. To his
eldest son John Sir Richard gave all his-
interest in his lodgings in Serjeants' Inn,
in Fleet Street, London, and property "in
Hockmore Streete, in the parish of Ifley,
in the county of Oxon " (now transferred from
Iffley to Cowley). His daughter Elizabeth
Holloway was given " the house I live in,
being held of Magdalen College, in Oxon, for
the Terme of forty Yeares " ; also, " all that
meadow of pasture ground called ffryars, or
the Grey ffryers, lying in or near the parish
of St. Ebbe, in Oxford." Property at Church
Cowley and Temple Cowley is likewise named.
Holloway died at Oxford in the beginning of
44
NOTES AND QUERIES, [io* s. m. JAN. 21, 1905.
1700. His will was proved ou 20 February
of that year (registered in the Prerogative
Court of Canterbury, 25 Noel).
Sir Charles Ingleby, or Ingilby, who wore
the ermine not longer than four months, was
the third son of John Ingleby (died 28 Novem-
ber, 1648), of Lawkland Hall, Yorkshire, by
his second wife Mary (died 19 November,
1667), daughter of Sir Thomas Lake, of
Canons, Middlesex, Secretary of State to
James I. He was born at Lawkland, 20 Feb-
ruary, 1644, and was buried there 5 August,
1718. His seat was at Austwick Hall, York-
shire. By his marriage to Alathea (died
September, 1715), daughter and heiress of
Richard Eyston, of Saxton, in the same
county, he had issue a son, Thomas (born
1684, died 1729), Serjeant-at-Law, and four
daughters : Dorothea (born 1681) ; Mary (born
1683), married William Hesketh,Esq. ; Alathea
(born 1685), a nun at the English monastery
at Liege ; and Anne (born 1688), married Mr.
Fell, an apothecary in London. These facts
will be found set forth in Mr. Joseph Foster's
4 Pedigrees of the County Families of York-
shire,' a source of information unaccountably
overlooked by the writer in the ' D.N.B.'
GORDON GOODWIN.
FATHER PAUL SARPI IN EARLY
ENGLISH LITERATURE.
IN my communication on Bishop Hacket's
'Life of Archbishop Williams' (9 th S. x. 401,
423 ; xi. 103) I quoted from that very remark-
able biography a number of appreciative
passages relating to Father Paul. These, of
course, need not be here repeated. Before,
however, passing on to the immediate pur-
pose of this note, I should like to record the
opinion of one great modern writer, I mean
Lord Macaulay. The following passages are
taken from his ' Life and Letters ' (2 vols.,
1876) :
"I have adopted an opinion about the Italian
historians I place Fra Paolo decidedly at the
head of them." Vol. i. p. 450.
" On my return home I took Fra Paolo into the
garden. Admirable writer !" Vol. ii. p. 282.
" I read part of the Life of Fra Paolo prefixed to
his history. A wonderful man." Vol. ii. p. 283.
"To have written the History of the Council of
Trent, and the tracts on the Venetian Dispute with
Rome, is enough for one man's fame. "Vol. ii. p. 284.
*" Fra Paolo is my favourite modern historian.
His subject did not admit of vivid painting ; but
what he did, he did better than anybody." Vol. ii.
p. 284.
I am almost certain that our great historian
took the key-note of his historical style from
Father Paul. For the sake of comparison,
I quote from the folio of 1676 the words with
which Sarpi opens his history :
"My purpose is to write the History of the
Council of Trent. For though many famous His-
torians of our Age have made mention in their
Writings of some particular accidents that happened
therein," &c.
The personal note throughout is characteristic
of both writers.
And here I may be permitted to call atten-
tion to two splendid articles on Fra Paolo
Sarpi by Mr. Andrew D. White, at one time
American Ambassador to both Russia and
Germany, in The Atlantic Monthly for January
and February, 1904. The second concludes
with these glowing and inspiring words :
"At last, under the new Italian monarchy, the
patriotic movement became irresistible, and the
same impulse which erected the splendid statue to
Giordano Bruno on the Piazza dei Fiori at Rome,
on the very spot where he was burned, and which
adorned it with the medallions of eight other mar-
tyrs to ecclesiastical hatred, erected in 1892, two
hundred and seventy years after it had been
decreed, a statue, hardly less imposing, to Paolo
Sarpi, on the Piazza Santa Fosca at Venice, where
he had been left for dead by the Vatican assassins.
There it stands, noble and serene, a monument of
patriotism and right reason, a worthy tribute to one
who, among intellectual prostitutes and solemnly
constituted impostors, stood forth as a true man,
the greatest of his time, one of the greatest of all
times, an honor to Venice, to Italy, and to huma-
nity."
The first extract I shall give is from the
pen of that curious writer Tom Coriat, of
Odcombian fame ('Coryats Crudities,' 1611,
p. 247) :
" In this street [called S* Hieronimo] also doth
famous Frier Paul dwell which is of the order of
Serui. I mention him because in the time of the
difference betwixt the Signiory of Venice and the
Pope, he did in some sort oppose himselfe against
the Pope, especially concerning his supremacy in
ciuill matters, and as wel with his tongue as his
pen inueighed not a little against him. So that
for his bouldnesse with the Popes Holynesse he
was like to be slaine by some of the Papists in
Venice, whereof one did very dangerously wound
him. It is thought that he doth dissent in many
points from the Papisticall doctrine, and inclineth
to the Protestants religion, by reason that some
learned Protestants haue by their conuersation
with him in his Conuent something diuerted him
from Popery. Wherefore notice being taken by
many great men of the City [Venice] that he be-
ginneth to swarue from the Komish religion, he
was lately restrained (as I heard in Venice) from
all conference with Protestants."
Walton, in his ' Life of Sir Henry Wotton,'
has these passages (I quote from the text
printed in the ' Reliquiae Wottonianse,' 1685) :
"Matters thus heightned, the State [of Venice]
advised with Father Paul, a Holy and Learned
Frier (the Author of the ' History of the Council of
Trent') whose advice was, 'Neither to provoke the
io*s.ui.jAy.2i,i9Q3.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
45
Pope, nor lose their own Right ' : he declaring pub-
lickly in Print, in the name of the State, ' That the
Pope was trusted to keep two Keys ; one of Pru-
dence, and the other of Power : And that if they
were not both used together, Power alone is not
effectual in an Excommunication.' "
"These Contests were the occasion of Padre
Paulo's knowledge and interest with King James,
for whose sake principally Padre Paulo compiled
that eminent History of the remarkable Council of
Trent : which History was, as fast as it was written,
sent in several sheets in Letters by Sir Henry Wot-
ton, Mr. Bedel, and others, unto King James, and the
then Bishop of Canterbury, into England, and there
first made publick, both in English and in the uni-
versal Language."
A very notable feature in Sir Henry
Wotton's 'Reliquise Wottonianse, 3 1085, is a
letter dated 17 Jan., 1637, addressed "To the
Right Worthy Provost and Professor Regius
of Divinity [Collings] in Cambridge." From
his long residence as British Ambassador to
the State of Venice, Wotton became inti-
mately acquainted with Father Paul, and
the personal details he has preserved of that
illustrious man are in the highest degree
interesting. The letter is too long to quote
entire, but the following extract is worth
reproducing here :
" And now, Sir, having a fit Messenger, and not
long after the time when Love-tokens use to pass
between Friends, let me be bold to send you for a
New-Years-gift a certain Memorial, not altogether
unworthy of some entertainment under your roof ;
namely, a true Picture of Padre Paolo the Servita,
which was first taken by a Painter whom I sent unto
him from my House then neighbouring his Monas-
tery. I have newly added thereunto a Title of mine j
own Conception, Condi ii Tridentini Eviscerator ; \
and had sent the Frame withal, if it were portable,
which is but of plain Deal, coloured Black like the
Habit of his Order. You have a luminous Parlour,
which I have good cause to remember, not only by
delicate Fare and Freedom (the Prince of Dishes :)
but above all, by your own Learned Discourse : for
to dine with you, is to dine with many good Authors:
In that Room I beseech you to allow it a favourable
place for my sake. And that you may have some-
what to tell of him more than a bare Image, if any
shall ask, as in the Table of Cebes [a Greek quota-
tion omitted] ; I am desirous to characterize a little
unto you such part of his Nature, Customs, and
Abilities as I had occasion to know by sight or by
enquiry. He was one of the humblest things that
could be seen within the bounds of Humanity ; the
very Pattern of that Precept, Quanta doctior Tanto
nbmissior. And enough alone to demonstrate,
That Knowledge well-digested non infiat. Excel-
lent in Positive, excellent in Scholastical and
Polemical Divinity. A rare Mathematician, even in
the most abstruse parts thereof, as in Algebra and
the Theoriques ; and yet withal so expert in the
History of Plants, as if he had never perused any-
Book but Nature. Lastly, a great Canonist, which
was the title of his ordinary service with the State :
And certainly in the tirae of the Pope's Interdict,
they had their principal light from him. When he
was either reading or writing alone, his manner was
to sit fenced with a Castle of Paper about his Chair,
and over head : for he was 9f our Lord of St. Al-
ban's opinion, That all Air is predatory ; and espe-
cially hurtful when the spirits are most employed.
You will find a Scar in his Face, that was from a
Roman Assassinate, that would have killed him as
he was turned to a wall near to his Covent : And if
there were not a greater Providence about us, it
nii-ht often have been easily done, especially upon
such a weak and wearyish Body. He was of a quiet
and settled Temper, which made him prompt in his
Counsels and Answers ; and the same in Consulta-
tion which Themistocles was in Action."
I should say that this letter was included,
for the first time, in the edition of 1685 of
the 'Reliquise.' Burnet prints it also in his
'Life of Bishop Bedell, published in the
same year (p. 253). A. S.
(To be continued.)
BOOKS OF LADY DILKE. The South
Kensington Art Library has been the reci-
pient of a splendid gift, the fine collection of
the late Lady Dilke having been presented
to it by Sir Charles Dilke, -who has added
some valuable books from his own collection.
Lady Dilke's library was largely made up of
rarities, including incunabula and works
from the Aldine and Elzevir presses, mostly
in choice morocco bindings. It is to be
hoped, for the convenience of bibliophiles,
that a special catalogue will be issued.
H. T.
THE LYCEUM THEATRE. Now that, for the
first time for a great number of years, there
is no longer a Lyceum amongst the London
playhouses, a few of its memories, so dear to
all old lovers of the drama, may be worth
recording in the pages of ' N. & Q.' Few of
ou r London theatres have had a more chequered
career than the Lyceum, in spite of the many
successes achieved on its boards. Built some-
where about 1765, it passed from theatre to
picture gallery, lecture hall, panorama, and
a host of other entertainments, and then
back again to theatre, till its destruction by
fire in 1829. It arose, however, phoenix-like,
from its ashes five years afterwards, and was
renamed " The English Opera-House." Beaz-
ley was the architect, and it was one of the
costliest theatres erected in London up to that
date. Its greatest successes were Weber s
opera ' Der Freyschiitz,' which was first given
in English there, and a number of German
operas which followed one another for some
considerable time. From an opera-house it
once more became a theatre, and then followed
a long period when it served as a place of
extremely miscellaneous entertainment, at
one time even affording shelter to Madame
Tussaud's waxworks. In 1840 it once again
reverted to the drama, but its most interest-
46
NOTES AND QUERIES, [io<" s. m. JAN. 21, 1905.
ing legitimate period did not commence til!
1844, when it came under the management o
Mr. and Mrs. Keeley. Under them it soor
became a favourite house for burlesque anc
comedy, and in a year or two was in the front
rank of London theatres. ' Jack Sheppard,
which was one of Mrs. Keeley's greatesi
triumphs ; ' Nicholas Nickleby,' in which
she took the part of Smike and in which
Charles Dickens much admired her ; ' Martin
Chuzzlewit,' in which Mr. Keeley (who
often played old women) as Mrs. Gamp
was inimitable; and 'Mrs. Caudle,' were
amongst their greatest successes. Charles
Mathews followed the Keeleys, and thougl
all his productions were not successful
yet under him the Lyceum kept up its
reputation. Henry Irving first appearec
there on 11 September, 1871, under the
management of Bateman, the father of that
very charming actress Miss Isabel Bateman
and with his management is very closely
identified the rise of Irving to fame. I sup-
pose most of us can remember that wonderfu!
succession of popular plays, Shakesperian
and others, which used to pack the Lyceum
from floor to ceiling night after night, and
evoked an enthusiasm almost equal to that
which greeted Kean. 'Charles the First,'
'The Bells," Hamlet/ ' The Lyons Mail,' and
' Faust ' were amongst the greatest successes
of that period, which those who witnessed
them can never forget. Never before had such
gorgeous settings of any plays been seen in
London, and from that time dates the new
era of scenic production. Like so many of
our old London landmarks, the Lyceum has
passed away, but old playgoers will always
cherish kindly recollections of it, and of Sir
Henry Irving, Miss Ellen Terry, and the
'many other charming actresses and actors
who helped to make it one of our greatest
homes of the drama.
FREDERICK T. HIBGAME.
[ '[We doubt whether some of the pieces mentioned
above were first seen at the Lyceum, and counsel
perusal of the account of that theatre by E. L.
Blanchard in the Era Almanack of 1877.]
ANNA, LADY CARNEGIE, AFTERWARDS
COUNTESS OF SOUTHESK. When editing the
'Memoirs ' of Count Gramraont I overlooked
the most interesting account of this lady's
last days given in Sir William Fraser's ' His-
tory of the Carnegies ' (i. 153-9). A selection
of eight letters written by this notorious
beauty is printed, and wonderful composi-
tions they are. At the time of her lord's
death the countess was residing in Paris,
from which she wrote, on 9 March, 1688, to
Mr. Denis, of London (apparently her banker
there), that she had heard on all hands the
news of the loss which she had sustained of
a husband whom she lamented as much as
he deserved.
In an earlier letter, dated 2 January, 1686,
she writes that she is beginning to form the
resolution of ending her life in a monastery,
insufficiency of this world's money apparently
being the cause of this melancholy strain.
In another letter, dated Paris, 14 October,
1687, the countess is again the gayest of the
gay ; she complains, however, that her coach-
man is sick in the hands of surgeons upon
her charges, and that he had not been able
to drive her except twice since she came to
Paris, but she thanks God that her horses
are well, and that she has enough money to
serve her till the day of payment.
The countess was at Brussels in February
and May, 1695. She died in Holland in
October of that year. Her body was brought
to Scotland, and her funeral took place at
Kinnaird on 13 December.
GORDON GOODWIN.
GEORGE ROMNEY, 1610. Among the Ash-
molean MSS. (No. 1729, 56, f. 104, a, b)
there is a warrant from James I. to the Earl
of Salisbury, dated 24 January, 1610, con-
cerning one George Romney, of St. Clement's
Danes, gent., who is described as one of
the six "recusants" whose goods were con-
fiscated and bestowed upon the persons
named in the warrant. It would be interest-
ing to know if this George Romney was in
any way connected with the famous artist
who came up to London in 1762.
W. ROBERTS.
47, Lansdowne Gardens, Clapham.
"BUT FOR THE GRACE OF GOD THERE GOES
JOHN BRADFORD." (See ante, p. 20.) The
late Dean Farrar, whose sermons on ' Eternal
Hope' were published in 1878, probably read
this saying in the second volume of ' The
Writings of John Bradford, M.A.,' Parker
Society, Cambridge, 1853. In the 'Biogra-
phical Notice,' p. xiiii, we find what follows :
"The familiar story, that, on seeing evil-doers
taken to the place of execution, he was wont to
exclaim, ' But for the grace of God there goes John
Bradford,' is a universal tradition, which has over-
come the lapse of time. And Yenning, writing in
1653, desirous to show that, * by the sight of others'
sins, men may learn to bewail their own sinfulness
and heart of corruption,' instances the case of
Bradford, who, ' when he saw any drunk or heard
any swear, etc., would railingly complain, Lord, I
iave a drunken head ; Lord, I have a swearing
heart.' "
The reference is to "Ralph Venning, The
leathen Improved, an Appendix to Canaan's
Flowings, sect. 110, p. 222. Lond. 1653."
io*s. m. JAX. 2i, was.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
47
This volume was published nearly a century
after Bradford's death, which occurred in
1555, in the reign of Queen Mary. As Foxe
and Fuller are not mentioned by the learned
editor of the above-quoted ' Biographical
Notice,' I conclude that the story is not found
in their pages. JOHN T. CURRY.
EXTRAORDINARY TIDE IN THE THAMES.
I hope you will find room in your valuable
paper for the subjoined paragraph from
The Times of 9 January, in which is recorded
the phenomenal tide in the Thames on
Saturday, the 7th inst. :
"An extraordinary tide was seen in the Thames
on Saturday afternoon. It should not have been
high water at Putney Bridge until about a quarter to
four, but the river bed was full at midday. Moreover,
although there was a partial ebb and flow twice,
there was practically no diminution of the quantity
of water up to the usual time for the ebb according
to the tide table. This is an occurrence which has
not previously happened in living memory above
London Bridge, although there is a record of a
multiple ebb and flow at Wapping Old Stairs. At
half past one the tide was a foot higher than any spring
tide in recent years. Shortly after this the water
began to recede towards the sea, and flowed in that
direction for about half an hour. Then the tide
again turned, and it was feared that the water
would overflow the banks of the river. The tide
rose slightly higher, but at a quarter past three the
ebb set in, and the water rapidly went eastward.
Though at one time grave apprehension was felt
lest the banks should be submerged, the water
fortunately lowered about the usual hour, and
no damage appears to have been done."
W. J. M.
ROBERT BLOOMFIELD. At 9 th S. xii. 364 I
was allowed to insert a short note concerning
Bloomfield's grave and certain portraits of
the poet which were sold after his death. I
am able now to report the erection of a
memorial tablet on the house at Shefford,
Bedfordshire, in which Bloomfield died. It
was unveiled by the donor, Miss Constance
Isherwood, daughter of theRev.Richardlsher-
wood, rector of Meppershall, on 4 May, 1904,
and a full account of the proceedings appeared
in The Bedfordshire Times of 6 May. The
tablet bears the following inscription :
"Robert Bloomfield, Pastoral Poet, died here
August 19, 1823. Erected by Constance Isherwood,
Meppershall Rectory, 1904."
The tablet was placed on the house by
permission of the present owner, Mr. A.
Barker.
It appears that a contemporary portrait
of Bloomfield is located at Shefford. From
the descriptive report of the unveiling of the
memorial tablet in The Bedfordshire Times I
copy the following paragraph :
"Before the ceremony begins we have time to
stroll about the wide clean street of this quaint yet
smart little town, and attention is soon arrested
by a portrait of Bloomfield in the shop window
of Mr. Alfred Thomas Inskip, the watchmaker.
Without more ado we wait upon Mr. Inskip, and
learn from him that his grandfather was on very
friendly terms with the poet. Indeed, their
intimacy continues, for they lie side by side in the
churchyard. The portrait is a mezzotint, and on
the back of it are these words, in the writing of
Thomas Inskip the grandfather : ' Mr. Bloomfield
himself told me that the most correct likeness of
him ever painted was done by Peele & Son to the
proprietor of The Mammoth. He painted it whilst
resident in England and took it away with him to
America, after promising it to the author. It is
now hanging in the museum at Philadelphia.'
Whether we are to infer that this mezzotint is a
copy of the painting is an open question, but it has
the appearance of being a good portrait."
JOHN T. PAGE.
West Haddon, Northamptonshire.
" GUTTA CAVAT LAPIDEM NON VI SED S.EPE
CADENDO." In ' Polydori Vergilii Adagiorum
Opus,' Basilese, 1550, p. 369, Xo. 464, is the
following :
Lapides excayant aquse.
Job. cap. xiiii. proverbiali figura dicit, Lapides
excavant aquas. Res mira, ut durities lapidis emol-
liatur aqua : id tamen gutta facit, non bis, sed stepe
cadendo.
It would appear that Polydore Vergil had
the proverb in his mind when he wrote the
above ; but "non bis" in place of " non vi "
is interesting. It is, perhaps, only an accident
that the words "durities " to " cadendo " read
somewhat like a pentameter and a hexameter,
although, if so taken, there would be several
false quantities. Concerning the proverb
see 5 th S. viii. 513, where are early examples,
illustrations, and many references to former
notes. ROBERT PIERPOINT.
MARVELL'S POEMS AND SATIRES. A new
edition of these has recently appeared, which
is said to contain "some long passages and
many important new readings from manu-
scripts acquired by the British Museum " ;
there is nothing whatever to indicate where
in the volume these are to be found, though my
object in writing this note is not to complain
of this omission, but to protest against the
perpetuation of a stupid emendation in the
lines on ' Paradise Lost,' which is said to be
due to Capel Lofft. Marvell, it will be
remembered, has been decrying the allure-
ments of " tinkling rhyme," and continues :
I too, transported by the mode, offend,
And while I meant to praise thee, must commend.
One would have supposed that the meaning
of those lines was sufficiently clear, but, for
some inscrutable reason, Lofft, who has been
followed by Mr. Aitken (in the first issue
only of his volumes) and the editor of this
48
NOTES AND QUERIES, [io s. in. JAN. 21. UGG.
new edition, thought that "mis-commend"
for " must commend " would be an improve-
ment, and thus destroyed the point of the
couplet. The editor of Crashaw who intro-
duced us to the "follower of one Areopagus "
(' IS T . & Q.,' 9 th S. xii. 87) seemed likely to
hold the record as an annotator for some
time, but I am inclined to think that he will
have to yield to the new editor of Marvell.
The latter, finding in Mr. Aitken's edition
(' Upon Appleton House,' 11. 443-4)
A levelled space, as smooth and plain,
As clothes for Lilly stretched to stain,
instead of printing "cloths" for "clothes,"
and telling those who might be ignorant of
the fact that " Lilly " was the common way
of spelling Sir Peter Lely's surname, an-
notates it (Lilly) thus : " A well-known dyer
of the age." G. THORN DRURY.
WE must request correspondents desiring in-
formation on family matters of only private interest
to affix their names and addresses to their queries,
in order that the answers may be sent to them
direct.
EIGHTEENTH - CENTURY AND OLDER PLAYS.
I wish to find out whether the first editions
of any of the following plays are in existence,
and where they may be found :
I. PRINTED.
1. Anon., 'The Arcadian Nuptials,' 1764.
2. John Ozell, ' Melicerta.'
3. Richard Ticknell, ' Gentle Shepherd,' 1781.
4. Henry Norris, ' The Deceit,' 1723.
5. W. Hawkins, ' The Enlisted Shepherds,' 1786.
6. John Hughes, ' Cupid and Hymen,' 1735.
7. Joseph Waller, 'Love in a Cottage,' 1785.
J3. Archibald Steele, ' The Shepherd's Wedding,'
1789.
9. Lady Craven (Eliz. Fitzhardinge), ' The Arca-
dian Pastoral,' 1782.
10. Josiah Cunningham, ' The Royal Shepherds,'
1765.
11. Colley Cibber, ' Myrtillo,' 1716 ed.
II. PROBABLY NOT PRINTED.
1. Th. Shrapter, ' The Fugitive,' 1790.
2. John Speed, ' Stonehenge,' 1635.
3. Charles Bonnor, ' The Gentle Laird.'
4. Anon., ' Whitsuntide ; or, the Clown's Con-
tention,' 1722.
5. Anon., 'Philander and Rose,' 1785.
6. Matthew Fielde, 'Vertumnus and Pomona,'
1782.
7. Anon., 'Lynce and Pollidore,' 1781.
8. Anon., 'Dioue,' 1733.
9. D. D., Gent., 'The Faithful Shepherd,' 1633.
10. Theophilus Cibber, ' Damon and Daphne,' 1733.
11. James Cobb, 'The Shepherdess of Cheapside,'
1796.
12. Alex. Pennecuik, ' Corydon and Cochrania,'
1723.
13. George Linley, ' Gentle Shepherd,' 1781.
14. Wm. Houghton (or Haughton) and Henry
Chettle, ' The Arcadian Virgin,' 1599.
15. Ant. Davidson, ' The Shepherd of Snowdon.'
16. John Maxwell, ' The Shepherd's Opera,' 1739.
17. Richard Graves, ' Echo and Narcissus,' 1774.
18. Anon., ' Chace,' 1773.
19. John O'Keefe, 'Colin's Welcome.'
20. Anon., ' Arbanes ; or, the Enamoured Prince.'
21. Rob. Dodsley, ' The Extravagant Shepherd.'
22. William Shirley, ' The Shepherd's Courtship.'
JEANNETTE A. MARKS.
South Hadley, Mass.
[Of some of these the songs only were printed.]
CHARLES I. IN SPAIN. Est-ce que quelque
obligeant lecteur de ' N. & Q.' pourrait m'in-
diquer quels sont les ouvrages anglais ou je
pourrais trouver d'amples details sur le voyage
dramatique que fit Charles I. en 1623 en
Espagne, etant Prince de Galles, pour con-
naitre 1'Infante Marie, sceur de Philippe IV. ?
Dans les livres espagnols qui ont ete a ma
porte'e, je ne trouve que des relations tres-
limitees, quoique les fetes se succedereut
pendant les six mois que dura le sejour du
Prince a Madrid ; et certes, ce ne fut pas la
moins originale la procession des mqines de
toutes les communautes religieuses, citee par
Don Angel Fernandez de los Rios dans son
' Guide de Madrid,' lesquels avec grand re-
cueillement ; silencieux et en contemplation,
portant des Christs dans les mains, les figures
couvertes de cendre et les tetes couronnees
d'e'pines ou d'herses, avec de grandes croix
sur les epaules ; les uns se frappant les
poitrines avec de grosses pierres et les autres
portant des os humains dans leurs bouches
comme signe de mortification, defilerent de-
vant toute la cour le Vendredi saint de cette
annee.
Outre la correspondance particuliere du
Prince avec son pere, il est probable que les
impressions personnelles du Due de Bucking-
ham ou de quelqu'autre personnage de la
suite aient ete publiees, et la sans doute
seront rapportees abondamment leurs rela-
tions sur les mceurs et coutumes de la cour
d'Espagne a cette epoque-la.
Je me fais un plaisir de croire qu'entre les
erudits collaborateurs de 'N. & Q/ il s'en
trouvera qui voudront bien me renseigner, ne
fussent que par des simples references biblio-
graphiques, dont je les remercie d'avance, et
que je lirais toujours avec plaisir.
FLORENCIO DE UHAGON.
46, Gran Via, Bilbao, Espagne.
FARMER OF HARTSHILL. Could _ any of
your readers give me information re-
specting the family of Farmer of Hartshill,
Warwickshire ? Their pedigree was recorded
in the Visitation of 1680. It was printed
privately by the Rev. G. W. Dash wood, but
io s. in. JAX. 21, 1905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
49
the book does not appear to be in the British
Museum. I wish to trace a Thomas Farmer
of Atherstone (1640-76), who I think was
of this family. A. J. C. GUIMARAENS.
DANISH SURNAMES. Is it known from
what sources the ancient Danes and Norse
men obtained their names ? Did they adopt
place-names? and were surnames known to
them? G. H. W.
DUELLING. Can any one supply the name
of the author of the following small book ?
" The British Code of Duel : a Reference to the
Laws of Honour, and the Character of a Gentle
man, &c. London, Knight & Lacey, 1824. 12mo."
It is entered in the British Museum
Catalogue, but without author's name. Hal-
kett and Laing do not mention it.
C. W. S.
EDMOND AND EDWARD. Were the above
names used indifferently in mediseyal times
for the same person ? I have seen it stated,
but have no proof, that the names were so
confused. FRANCESCA.
JOHN COPE, ENGRAVER, OF DUBLIN AND
LONDON. Who was he? and what did he
engrave? (Mrs.) HAUTENVILLE COPE.
13c, Hyde Park Mansions, W.
"GOD CALLED UP FROM DREAMS." I am
anxious to learn the author of the following,
and where it is to be found :
"God called up from dreams a man in the vesti-
bule of heaven, and said unto him, 'Come thou
hither and see the glory of My house,' and to the
angels that stood around the throne He said, ' Take
from off him his robe of flesh.' "
I_believe it was quoted by Proctor in one of
his works, in which he said, " It seems as if
the dream of the German poet was right
when he said, God called," &c. J. M.
"AND HAS IT COME TO THIS?" Can any
of your readers say where in Mr. Watts-
Dunton's works the following lines occur ?
And has it come to this ? Long since, they sold
Britannia, fettered, to their harlot, Gain ;
Bartered her bound her in a golden chain
Nay, trampled our great Queen in mire of gold.
KELSO.
" As SUCH." I find this expression con-
stantly used in the letters of my grandfather,
William Fowler (1795-1820), in the sense of
" accordingly." For example : " I shall want
plates of all descriptions colouring. As such,
if J. and F. have time, they may colour any
of Jihe engravings that are now printed " ;
" Your letters have been received regularly
as such I am thankful." I thought it
might be peculiar to W. F., until I found a
letter introducing him to Benjamin West,
from the Rev. William Peters, 8 January,
1807, worded thus :
" Your preeminent merit as an artist and worth
as a man must make every ingenious son of science
look up to you for countenance and protection.
As such I have the pleasure to recommend to your
notice Mr. Fowler."
I do not find this use of "as such " in the
'N.E.D.' Is it known in other writings of
the period, or in literature ? J. T. F.
Winterton.
HERALDIC MOTTOES. What book contains
the fullest and most authentic alphabetical
list of mottoes ? I know nothing since C. N.
Elvin's ' Handbook of Mottoes, 1 I860, of
which, if no one else comes forward or has
the author's rights, I am prepared to under-
take a new edition ; of course with all
possible assistance from 'N. & Q.' I am
acquainted with the list in 'Burke's Peerage'
and in Mr. J. A. Mair's ' Book of Proverbs.'
C. S.
SAILORS' CHANTIES. Is it possible to
discover the origin of these sea choruses,
and when they were first sung and invented ?
I have Miss L. A. Smith's ' The Music of the
Waters,' which does not afford the infor-
mation I seek. I cannot trace " chantie " in
any dictionary. S. J. A, F.
['Slang and its Analogues' says: "Obviously a
diminutive of chant, a song." The earliest reference
is to an article on ' Sailors' >?hanties and Sea-Songs,'
Chambers' a Journal, 11 Dec., 1869, pp. 794-6.]
" GOD REST YOU MERRY." In a well-known
carol the first line
God rest you merry,
is generally seen written with the comma
after the word you. But is not " God rest
you merry " an old English expression ? If
so, the word "merry" should not be separated
:rom the verb by a comma, as if it were
in adjective qualifying the noun. I should
36 glad of information on this point.
B. C. W. A.
" GOSPEL OF FATNESS." Who invented this
phrase? MEDICULUS.
GOLDSMITH'S 'EDWIN AND ANGELINA.' I
mve in my possession a book called 'The
Quiz, by a Society of Gentlemen. 1 It was
ipparently first published in periodical form
n 1797. The fifteenth paper of this work is
entitled 'A Plagiarism of Dr. Goldsmith's.'
The sum of this is that the author asserts
hat Goldsmith's 'Edwin and Angelina' is an
almost literal translation of a French ballad
50
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io B. IIL JAK. a, MOB.
called 'Raimond et Angeline,' which first
appeared in a novel entitled ' Les Deux
Habitants de Lozanne,' printed in 1606. The
book, the writer says,
" is very rare, the volume that I have read being
the only one that I ever saw : I am sorry that it is
not now in my possession : it being the property of
the Duchess di Levia, who I believe is at present
in Italy. Most probably Goldsmith, in his wander-
ings over the continent, had met with this little
work, and being struck with its merit had first
translated it for its beauty, and then, relying on'
the obscurity of the author, published it as his own.
Dr. Goldsmith hath interwoven many stanzas
which are in themselves beautiful ; yet for my
part, I am better pleased with the compressed
length of the French ballad, and think it, upon the
whole, infinitely more perfect."
The writer then prints the French ballad
of which he says he has modernized the
spelling. The following is the first stanza
exactly as it appears in the book :
Entens ma voix gamesante,
Habitant de ces vallons !
Guide me march tremblante,
Qui se perd dans les buissons :
N'est il pas quelque chaumiere,
Dans le fond de ce reduit ;
Ou je vois une lumiere,
Perce 1'ombre de la nuit.
Is all this an elaborate piece of mystification 1
Upon the whole, it seems most likely that it
is. At least we can hardly consider it to be
anything else until a copy of ' Les Deux
Habitants de Lozanne,' including the ballad,
is discovered. BERTRAM DOBELL.
'NOTES ON THE BOOK OP GENESIS,' BY
C. H. M. Who is the author of this book ?
The third edition was published by George
Morrish, 24, Warwick Lane, Paternoster
Row, in 1862. The author dates from Dublin.
E. R.
PIG HANGING A MAN. In turning over the
pages of William Hone's ' Table Book ' we
have come on the following story. ' N. & Q.'
has recorded many instances of a similar
punishment befalling a sheepstealer, but we
do^not call to mind any other case where the
office of executioner devolved upon a pig.
If there be any such, it would be doing a
good work to record them in these pages.
" S wine Harry. This is the name of a field on
the side of Pinnow, a hill in Lothersdale, in Craven ;
and is said to have derived its name from the
following singular circumstance. A native of the
valley was once, at the dead of night, crossing
the field with a pig which he had stolen from a
neighbouring farmyard; he led the obstinate
animal by a rope tied to its leg, which was noosed
at the end where the thief held it. On comin" to
a ladder-style in the field, being a very corpulent
man, and wishing to have both hands at liberty,
but not liking to release the pig, he transferred
the rope from his hands to his neck ; but when he
reached the topmost step his feet slipped, the pig
pulled hard on the other side, the noose tightened,
ind the following morning he was found dead. I
believe this story to be a fact. It was told me by
an aged man, who said it happened in his father's
time. Sept. 2, 1827. T. Q. M."
Is there any field called Swine Harry in
Lothersdale? and does this tale attach to
it at the present time 1 N. M. & A.
ARITHMETIC. I ask the help of readers to
identify an old arithmetic, of which title and
prefatory matter are missing. It is a small 4to
of 178 pp., adorned with a beautifully en-
graved plate for each portion of the subject,
e.g., ' Addition,' ' Division,' &c. These plates
are in facsimile MS. of the most ornate and
flourishing description, introducing nonde-
script angels, fishes, eagles, &c. (drawn by
one continuous stroke of the pen), such as
were regarded as the acme of calligraphic
achievement in the olden days of ornamental
penmanship. The book embraces fractions,
' Merchants' Accompts,' foreign money tables,
book-keeping, ledger examples, &c. The last,
being dated 1694, may furnish a clue to the
date. Several signatures of various members
of the Savery family, of " Pawlett, co. Som.,"
occur, the earliest being that of "Thomas
Savery, 1716." 0. KING.
Torquay.
" T. D." Profs. Greenough and Kittredge,
in their 'Words and their Ways' (1902),
p. 252, speak of "the labourer engaged in
laying a watermain and in smoking his
1 T. D.' " What does this abbreviation mean ?
It apparently refers to some kind of pipe.
J. DORMER.
RICHARD WARREN. Can any correspondent
say if Richard Warren, of " Cleybury," Essex,
had issue by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of
Sir Rowland Hay ward, Lord Mayor of Lon-
don in 1570 1 WM. JACKSON PIGOTT.
Manor House, Dundrum, co. Down.
MUNICIPAL DOCUMENTS. What has become
of the documents that accompanied the Report
of Commissioners appointed to inquire into
the Municipal Corporations in England and
Wales ('Parl. Papers,' 1835, vols. xxiii.-xxvi.)?
Lists of the documents sent are appended to
the respective reports of each borough, and
as a class they appear to be an invaluable
source for students of British municipal
history. Where are they ? Can any one
oblige with a clue ? A. L.
" JE NE VIENS QU'EN MOURANT." To what
family is this motto ascribed 1 The symbol
is an oak-leaf. W. B. GERISH.
Bishop's Stortford.
io-s.m.jAx.21,1905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
51
SPLIT INFINITIVE.
(10 th S. ii. 406 ; iii. 17.)
THE condemnation of the split infinitive
seems so devoid of adequate justification that,
personally, I am accustomed to look upon it
as merely idiosyncratic. The use of the idiom
can be defended on various grounds, not the
least substantial of which is the need of
allowing language that freedom from purely
artificial restraints which it continually and
successfully claims. No learned academy or
body of critics is powerful enough to cramp
and tie down a language to a particular mode
of expression, for, to use a theological phrase,
it will " work out its own salvation," in
defiance, if need be, of grammar. We may
be sure, therefore, that the most virulent
slating will not effect the destruction of the
split infinitive if this really is syntactically
advantageous.
The trouble over this matter is but slightly
based on the adverbial nature of the qualifi-
cation. The infinitive is, strictly speaking, a
verbal substantive to which is affixed the
dative preposition "to"; and in order to
determine the legitimacy of splitting it, it is
best, as COL. PRIDEAUX remarks, to collate
the infinitives of compound verbs. Now,
whether the first elements of long-used
compound verbs, such as believe, forgive, &c.,
were originally prepositional or not, we
are fully justified in regarding the bulk of
similarly constituted verbs as consisting of
an adverb joined to a verb, especially in such
cases as fore-shadoiv, fore-shorten, uprise, over-
throw, forthcome, underlie, &c., where the
nature of the first syllables is clear. No one
challenges the adverbial qualification of an
unsplit infinitive, or the predication of some-
thing about an infinitive which includes an
adverbial prefix, even if this be merely
hyphened. It therefore appears highly
illogical to deny that an infinitive may be
legitimately split by an adverb which does
not happen to be actually glued on to the verb.
The difficulty, in reality, is one which
concerns the length of the unattached adverb.
There is a subtle feeling that the balance of
the sentence is in danger of being destroyed
if the verb is made top-heavy by placing a
trisyllabic or polysyllabic advero within
the infinitive. Adverbs of one or two
syllables readily adhere to the verb as
prefixes, and thus disguise their reprobate
individualities. But it is generally assumed
that there is no glue strong enough to make
such processional words as circumstantially,
extraordinarily, disproportionately, and the
like, stick within the split infinitive, and
therefore they must be trailed after verbs
like cartloads of bricks. The majority of the
adverbs in common use, however, do not
attain such unwieldly dimensions, and may
well be admitted within the split infinitive,
especially if clarity of apprehension is
promoted thereby. And surely the idiom is
not to be pilloried if it serves to make the
sentence more harmonious as, for instance, in
"He decided to rapidly march on the town/'
where "to march rapidly" is certainly less
pleasing to the ear. From such considerations
as these I therefore infer that the split
infinitive does not merit the censure which
critics frequently bestow on it.
J. DORMER.
Some time ago a certain critic fell foul of
me for one solitary use of the phrase " from
whence," and the consequent correspondence
in * N. & Q.' called forth a strong reply from
PROF. SKEAT, justifying the use in any case,
and sternly denouncing our cocksure critic
of these latter days. But the same critic
blamed me also for having split on the rock
of the split infinitive, an example of which
doubtless existed somewhere in my book of
500 pages, though I failed to find it. I am,
therefore, keenly interested in this discussion.
I note that COL. PRIDEAUX, at the last refer-
ance, gives examples only of infinitives in
the present tense. But what about the past
infinitive] "To have gloriously died for
one's country," for example, rings true enough.
But is it right ? And if so, why not " to
gloriously die " ? It is not the to which is
modified, and it is not have, but die and died.
CHARLES SWYNNERTOX.
First of all " split infinitive " is a mis-
nomer. The infinitive is not split, but is split
in the position of its qualifying adverb in
question from its preposition to, which in
origin, though not in present function, is the
same as that expressing direction. "I am
ready to go" meant ad eundum, a aller,
zum Gehen. Historical reasons cannot be
adduced against inserting the adverb between
to and its infinitive, because it occurs as early
as Wicliff; nor logical ones either, as no
position can point out more clearly to which
word the adverb refers.
Further, analogous positions of qualifica-
tions are common in English, as COL. PRIDEAUX
justly remarks. His examples are : " to be
thoroughly spoilt," " he has publicly asked
for something," "he has been publicly con-
gratulated." He might have added : "he
fully admits," " at exactly the same hour,"
NOTES AND QUERIES, cio* s. m. JA*. 21, 1905.
" with scarcely a shirt on his back," "the con-
quest by Pizzaro of Peru." I agree with him
also in not believing in French influence in
the making of this form. " II ne peut pas
entrer dans notre intention de seulement
effleurer ici les differentes faces de cette ques-
tion," owes its origin to the same tendency
towards clearness and succinctness as " I am
bound to fully admit that I was mistaken."
G. KRUEGER.
COL. PRIDEAUX congratulates MR. EDWARD
SMITH on having "introduced the split in-
finitive to these columns, because we may
now hope to have an authoritative pronounce-
ment on _ the subject." But the first such
introduction was just forty-three years ago,
when, in 3 rd S. i. 88, that long-valued corre-
spondent HERMENTRUDE, under the heading
'Wrong Position of the Adverb,' protested
against " the placing of the adverb between
the preposition and the verb : e.g., * We are
anxious to entirely get rid of it.'" It was
added, " Will no influential grammarian
arrest this Transatlantic intruder into the
Queen's English, and banish it from good
society and correct diction, for the term of
its natural life ? " But, alas ! the split in-
finitivewho gave it that name, and when ?
is with us still. ALFRED F. BOBBINS.
The subject was discussed some time ago
in 'N. & Q.' The late DR. FITZEDWARD
HALL found many instances of the split
infinitive in the works of excellent authors,
but none, I think, in the works of Shak-
speare or Milton. I am of opinion that it is
best to avoid the split infinitive ; but it seems
to me absurd to call it ungrammatical.
E. YARDLEY.
With some trepidation, and at the risk,
I am afraid, of being accused of frivolity, I
venture to introduce the following story. It
is taken from an article on ' The Provincial
Humour of America ' in Chambers' s Journal
for March, 1904 :
"The prisoner, a faded, battered specimen of
mankind, on whose haggard face, deeply lined with
the marks of dissipation, there still lingered faint
reminders of better days long past, stood dejectedly
before the judge. ' Where are you from?' 'From
Boston.' ' Indeed,' said the judge; 'indeed, yours
is a sad fall ; and yet you don't seem to thoroughly
realize how low you have sunk.' The man started
as if struck. ' Your honour does me an injustice,'
he said, bitterly; ' the disgrace of arrest for drunken-
ness, the mortification of being thrown into a
noisome dungeon, the publicity and humiliation of
trial in a crowded and dingy court -room, I can
bear ; but to be sentenced by a police magistrate
who splits his infinitives that is indeed the last
blow."
JOHN T. PAGE.
COLISEUMS OLD AND NEW (10 th S. ii. 485,
529). A very interesting subject for discus-
sion has been introduced by MR. CECIL,
CLARKE, for there is frequently much difficulty
in gaining any trustworthy information about
London buildings after they have been de-
molished. Especially is this so in the case of the
Coliseum, or Colosseum, which was situated
in Regent's Park. I have in my possession
one of the catalogues or book of description,
issued in 1845, when it had changed proprie-
tors after its attractiveness had declined, and
there appeared " every probability that this
truly magnificent edifice would be razed to
the ground." It may not be undesirable to
give the title-page of this brochure, which
is as follows :
" A | Description | of The Colosseum | as | Re-
opened in M.DCCC.XLV. | under the Patronage [ of
Her Majesty the Queen, and H.R.H. Prince Albert.
I With numerous illustrations and eight coloured
Sections | of | The Panorama of London, | Embossed
by Mess" Dobbs, Bailey. & Co. | This Catalogue
has been prepared for the Proprietor by Mess"
Kronheim and Skirring, Engravers, and | Designers,
and the Illustrations and Letter-press are printed
from Stereotype plates cast by the Patent Process
of Mess" Kronheim & Co., 3, Earl Street, Black-
friars. | London : Printed by J. Wertheimer and
Co., Finsbury Circus. | M.DCCC.XLV."
Most of the documents issued by showmen
are couched in grandiloquent language, and
this catalogue is rather worse than such
things ordinarily are. The proprietor, whose
name does not figure in this book, says he
"consulted Mr. William Bradwell, of whose
taste, skill, and judgment in decorative and
scenic effects he had often witnessed the
admirable results," and under his advice the
property was purchased, and he prepared
the plans for the work to be done. We are
told that the "outlay was enormous," and
that the visitors would feel that a higher
desire than " the object of mere gain must
have prompted so lavish an expenditure."
There were two entrances : that on the west,
under the portico facing the Regent's Park,
was originally the only one ; that on the
east, in Albany Street, was formed when the
alterations were being made. There was an
apartment newly constructed by Mr. Brad-
well, and dignified by the fine - sounding
name "The Glyptotheca, or Museum of
Sculpture," which took the place of a room
formerly known as the "Saloon of Arts."
This chamber had a frieze modelled from the
Elgin marbles, above which were "twenty
fresco paintings of allegorical subjects on
panels," for which Mr. Absolom was answer-
able. There were shown many works of art
from the studios of some of the "most
eminent British and Foreign Sculptors."
io*s. in. JAX. 2i, wo*] NOTES AND QUERIES.
53
There was an " Ascending Room " for the
use of visitors, which we are told was
" raised by secret machinery to the required
elevation." This was doubtless what we now
know as a " lift," which is met with in almost
every large building. The chief attraction
was, of course, the 'Grand Panorama of
London,' which this catalogue tells us was
'almost entirely repainted by Mr. E. T.
Parris," as, owing to a variety of causes, that
gentleman had been prevented from " doing
imself complete justice." With reference to
this painting, it says :
"This extraordinary, and, in its peculiar style,
unequalled effort of human ingenuity and perse-
verance was projected and commenced by Mr.
Homer, and completed by Mr. E. T. Parris and
assistants, under the latter gentleman's direction."
It will be noted that the name of Horner
is spelt with only one o, as is the case in
'Old and New London,' and not, as Elmes
spelt it, " Hornor."
The feature of this catalogue is the eight
embossed plates of the panorama, with an
engraved key-plate to each section. They
are stamped upon a coloured ground, show-
ing the Thames in a bright blue, and the
sky in pink and blue tints, making very
effective pictures, and helping one admirably
to form a faint idea of what the whole thing
was like. The buildings on the painting
seem to have stood out well, notwithstanding
the "extreme inaccuracy as to architectural
details," which perhaps in a work of such
magnitude might almost be looked for. It
is hardly necessary to say that the view was
taken from a staging erected above the dome
of St. Paul's, which appeared immediately
below the spectator's feet.
There were also conservatories, a Gothic
aviary, an exterior promenade, a repre-
sentation of the Mer de Glace, Mont
Blanc, a mountain torrent, and stalactite
caverns, all of which are duly pictured in
this little book. There was also what is
notified as being an "Entirely New and
Extraordinary Panorama of London by
Night, projected and carried out by Mr.
Win. Brad well, and painted by Mr. Danson
and Mr. Telbin." This was a very fine work
of art, and probably the truth was hardly
exceeded when it was proclaimed "that
nothing short of reality can equal the
amazing coup d'oeil before us." There was
also a "Glaciarium" of artificial ice for skating
at all seasons of the year, and a camera
obscura " on a scale never before attempted,"
presenting a "living moving picture,"
another panorama of the north-west quarter
of London. This was sixty years ago, yet
we must say that pleasure-seekers seem to
bave been well catered for in those days, and,
making allowance for the change of taste,
it is perhaps permissible to think that the
new Coliseum can hardly in some respects
give a better entertainment than that pro-
vided by the old one.
In this catalogue there is no mention of
there having been a bazaar upon the premises,,
but there may have been one at an earlier
date; neither at this later date is there
any allusion to a panorama of Lisbon by
night, nor to the exhibition of the earthquake
there spoken of by MR. E. DYSEY. It would
be of considerable interest if the name of the
proprietor in 1845 could be put on record.
W. E. HARLAND-OXLEY.
Westminster.
I can corroborate MR. DYSEY' s recollections,
as I was a frequent visitor to the old Colos-
seum in the forties and fifties, when I lived
in the neighbourhood. Although called the
Coliseum in some of Elmes's plates, the
official designation was "The Royal Colos-
seum." I still possess some of the old pro-
grammes, from which I learn that the
"Magnificent Diorama of Paris by Night,
painted by Messrs. Danson, covering an area
of Forty-Eight Thousand Square Feet," was-
presented at the evening entertainment, and
the " Colossal Panorama of London by Day,
painted by E. T. Parris, Esq.," and covering
the same area, was exhibited in the morning.
The great earthquake at Lisbon was, as-
stated by MR. DYSEY, shown in another part
of the building ; but London and Paris,
though described respectively as a panorama,
and a diorama, were more properly cyclo-
ramas, as they extended over a circular area,
and were seen by spectators from the centre.
The fact that London and Paris covered the
same area, Paris being substituted for London
in the evening, may have given rise to the
joke that a portion of the canvas was utilized
for both representations. The building was
a fine one, though the dome was rather squat,
and it may be doubted if Sir Walter Gilbey's
handsome villa sufficiently compensates for
its loss.
Particulars about the Leicester Square
entertainments will be found in Tom Taylor's
' Leicester Square ' ; vide the chapter on ' The
Shows of the Square,' pp. 447-76.
W. F. PRIDEAUX.
The following is extracted from The Times
of 12 March, 1875 :
"The Last of the Colosseum. Her Majesty's
Commissioners of Works and Public Buildings have
at length found a purchaser for the building and
site of the Colosseum, which is now being rapidly
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. HI. JAN. 21,
demolished. Situated between Albany Street and
Regent's Park Road, and overlooking the Park, the
present building was erected in 18'24 by Mr. Hornor,
a well-known land surveyor, at a cost of 30,000.
A further sum of 100,000^ was expended by that
gentleman on the decorations of the interior and
purchase of works of art. It was then opened
with a Panorama of London, painted by Mr.
Hornor, who made his sketches from an observatory
created on the top of St. Paul's Cathedral, the
painting covering over 46,000 square feet (more
than an acre) of canvas. In 1843 the projector
failed, and the building passed into the hands of
trustees.
" In 1845 the buildings were considerably altered
and remodelled from designs furnished by the late
Mr. Bradwell, Chief Machinist at Covent Garden,
when the Albany Street entrance was added, with
a picturesque armoury as an anteroom. Upon the
stage passed the Cyclorama of Lisbon, depicting in
ten scenes the great Earthquake of 1755. Ill
fortune attended this as every other effort to restore
the fortunes of the place, and for the last twenty
years the building has been gradually falling to
decay. The lease has been purchased by Mr. Bird,
and on the site a number of residences will be
built/'
The Cyclorama of Lisbon was first opened
in 1848 (not 1845). The building then con-
tained a rustic armoury or refreshment
cottage ; the cyclprama and music hall,
decorated with copies of three of Raphael's
cartoons by Horner ; and a camera obscura.
The exhibition when reopened in 1845 con-
sisted of the Glyptotheca, or museum of
sculpture ; a grand panorama of London,
painted by E. T. Parris ; conservatories ;
Gothic aviary ; exterior promenade with re-
productions of stalactite caverns, mountain
torrents, &c. ; and a camera obscura. The
evening exhibition was a panorama of ' Lon-
don by Night,' painted by Messrs. Danson and
Telbin. The grand panorama by Parris was
reproduced in book form in eight coloured
sections, printed by Kronheim & Co., and
embossed by Dpbbs, Bailey & Co., a rare little
volume. The introduction to the text, after
reciting the history of the building, pro-
ceeds, "Some alterations were made which
did not elevate its character as a place of
public amusements." This probably refers to
an artificial skating - rink arranged with
suitable surroundings, and much frequented
during the summer of 1842; vide Reynold's,
Leigh's, Whittock's, or Cruchley's 'New
Picture of London ' ; Kidd's ' Guide to the
Lions of London,' &c. MR. CECIL CLARKE
is welcome to the loan of these and several
others. ALECK ABRAHAMS.
39, Hillmarton Road, N.
The mention of the Coliseum forcibly re-
minds me of the days of my childhood, for
I can remember being taken to see the
panoramic picture of London at the Coliseum
in 1837, and wondering where my ball would
go, if thrown down upon it from the gallery.
Upon entering the building, one passed
into the saloon festooned with draperies and
an awning of which MR. MACMICHAEL speaks;
and amongst the sculptures and casts was
a colossal statue of the last Earl Harcourt,
who died in 1830. Of this I lost sight for
many years, until I saw it placed at the
entrance of the Harcourt aisle in Stan ton
Harcourt Church, near Oxford, and it is
there, I suppose, at the present moment.
The earl lies ouried with many of his ances-
tors in the vault beneath the Harcourt aisle
in that church.
A small engraving of the Coliseum was in
Leigh's 'New Picture of London,' a book
which I have not seen since that distant
time. It was profusely illustrated with en-
gravings of buildings in London and its
vicinage, many of which have since been
swept away. ' JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.
Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.
"To HAVE A MONTH'S MIND" (10 th S. ii.
487). Among my notes I find references
to examples of this expression in Scott's
'Journal,' i. 222 ; Vanbrugh's ' Plays,' i. 333 ;
Congreve's ' Plays,' p. 358 ; and to a work
the title of which I cannot decipher. The
expression is a common one, and is explained
in the 'Century Dictionary,' where other
examples are given from the ' Paston Letters,'
iii. 463 ; Jeremy Taylor, ii. 373 ; and Shak-
spere. ALBERT MATTHEWS.
Boston, U.S.
A post - Reformation example occurs in
Butler's ' Hudibras,' I. ii. Ill :
For if a trumpet sound, or drum beat,
Who hath not a month's mind to combat ?
J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.
This is explained as an "ardent desire,"
which is only a secondary application ; the
term really arose from the Catholic system
of prayers for the dead. A. HALL.
See 6 th S. vi. 205, 251, 352, 374, 410, 458
516 ; vii. 115, 298 ; viii. 312 ; 9 th S. vi. 104
195, 295, 414. G. L. APPERSON.
Wimbledon.
This expression will be found in Pepys's
' Diary,' under date 20 May, 1660 : " Though
I had a month's mind, I had not the boldness
to go to her."
SIDNEY WHITE, LL.D., B.A.
[MR. NORMAX PEARSON also refers to Pepys.]
MAZE AT SEVILLE (10 th S. ii. 508). In
reference to the query of ST. SWITHIN for the
plan of a maze in the pavilion of the Alcazar
. in. JAN. 21, loos.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
55
Gardens, Seville, I beg to enclose a rough
design (made by myself from the original),
which may be of use to him. The design is
said to have been similar to that of the maze
in the garden itself ; but I cannot trace the
same plan through the now neglected paths
of the labyrinth. S. F. G.
Seville.
[Our contributor's plan has been forwarded to
ST. SWITHIX.]
ROMAN THEATRE AT VERULAM (10 th S. ii.
527). In the following extract taken from an
article on ' Verulamium,' signed C. H. A.,
which appeared in The Illustrated London
News of 7 March, 1891, your correspondent
will find an answer to his question :
" It is a remarkable coincidence that Verulara
and Pompeii resemble each other in a marvellous
degree as regards shape, dimensions, arrangement
of streets, and position of buildings The theatre
at Verulam not only occupies the same relative
position, but is, singularly enough, nearly the same
size as its model, being 193ft. Sin. in diameter,
against 195 ft. approximately in Pompeii. The
the daytime, called upon the landlord, expressing
his surprise at the circumstance, no person being in
the house in the daytime. The landlord told his
Worship, that if he would call in the evening, his
curiosity should be amply gratified; but added, that
if the quality of his beer was not bettered he might
lose some of his principal customers. The Alderman
attended, and, the better to make his observation,
was prevailed on by the landlord to put on one of
his old great-coats, a slouched hat, &c. He was
then, with some apology by the former, introduced
into a back room, nearly filled with the halt, the
lame, and the blind, who had lost all their infirmi-
ties in the plenitude of his porter. After the mutual
relations of their day's adventures, songs, &c., it
was proposed, as usual, to one of the oldest of them,
who acted as President, to name the supper, when,
whether he had not before noticed the new guest or
not, fixing his eye on Mr. Calvert, he exclaimed,
'For supper to-night I think we must have an
alderman hung in chains /' While this was acceded
to by the whole company, the Alderman, thinking
he was discovered, and that they meant to use him
ill, made a precipitate retreat out of the room, and
communicated, with much embarrassment, his sus-
picion to the landlord ; his apprehension, however,
soon subsided, aa before the host could give him an
._,._ [ explanation, he was called backwards to take orders
distance from the stage to the back is the same in , for supper, when, without taking any notice of the
both cases. The stage in the Italian theatre is,
however, much wider than in ours ; so is the pro-
scenium. Both the theatres appear to have been
richly adorned with frescoes and marbles ; at
Verulam slabs of the latter material thirteen-
sixteenths of an inch thick are found. In Pompeii,
a smaller theatre exists close to the larger one ; in
Verulam, foundations have been struck which are
strongly suspected to have belonged to another
theatre. Unfortunately these interesting relics of
dramatic art cannot be seen ; the theatre described
above was excavated some forty years since, and
after the dimensions had been taken the earth was
carefully replaced."
Accompanying the article are several pic-
tures and also plans of ancient and modern
Verulam. From these plans it appears that
the position of the theatre was a little to the
north-west of St. Michael's Church, the site
being in a field now known as " The Black
Grounds." JOHN T. PAGE.
West Haddon, Northamptonshire.
' N. & Q.,' 3 rJ S. vi. 103, devoted a page to
' St. Albans-Verulam,' and traced the limits
of the old British town.
EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.
71, Brecknock Road.
SIR WILLIAM CALVERT (10 th S. ii. 528 ; iii.
38). The following amusing story is told of
this gentleman in the 'City Biography,'
London, 1800 :
" Like the generality of brewers, Mr. Calvert
had a number of public-houses belonging to him ;
one of these, in a low neighbourhood, which he had
let on a very trivial consideration, at length
increased so high in its demands for his intire, that
the Alderman, amazed at the consumption, as he
seldom heard of any company being seen there in
worthy brewer, he stepped to a poulterer's in the
neighbourhood, and soon returned with a fine turkey,
and a link of pork sausages, which, presenting to
his guest, he assured him, when spitted with the
link of sausages to be roasted, was the alderman
meant by the company to be hung in chains for the
supper. The adventure so well pleased the brewer,
that the melioration of the beer was immediately
attended to."
EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.
71, Brecknock Road.
VERSE TRANSLATIONS OF MOLIERE (10 th S.
ii. 448, 516). Moliere's 'Dramatic Works/
with plates, rendered into English by Henri
Van Laun, 6 vols., 1875 ; ' Moliere,' 3 vols., in
" Bohn's Library," translated. Are not these
two in verse 1 L. J. H.
[Neither is in verse.]
TARLETON, THE SIGN OF "THE TABOR,"
AND ST. BENNET'S CHURCH (10 th S. iii. 7).
The church of St. Bennet, or more properly
St. Benet, stood on the east side of Grace-
church Street, at the southern corner of
Fenchurch Street. I do not know the exact
date of its demolition, but it was standing
in 1856. Its site is now partly or wholly
occupied by the roadway of Fenchurch Street,
which was widened
removed.
when the church was
WILLIAM HUGHES.
62, Palace Road, Streatham Hill.
St. Benet, Gracechurch, was " called Grass-
church, of the Herb Market there kept"
(Stow). The church, built previous to 1190,
was destroyed at the Great Fire (1666), and
re-erected in 1685 from the designs of Sir
Christopher Wren. It was pulled down
56
NOTES AND QUERIES, cio* a. m. JA*. 21, iocs.
about thirty-five years ago. Cunningham
says, " The yard of the ' Cross Keys Inn ' in
Gracechurch Street was one of our early
theatres." EVERARD HOME GOLEM AN.
CROSS IN THE GREEK CHURCH (10 th S. ii.
469, 531). MR. MARCHANT may be right when
he says that the inclination of the lower bar,
upon which the feet are made to rest in
Russian crosses, " points the mind upward
and raises the hopes of the believer towards
the Resurrection," for Russian ecclesiastical
art is permeated with mysticism; but I always
thought myself, since I began to take an
interest in these things, that the bar was
placed aslant in order to remind the spectator
of the earthquake that took place at the
Crucifixion, or of the tradition, preserved in
the East, that our Lord was lame. If W. W. P.
wishes to study Russian crosses, he should
go to the Alexander Museum at Petersburg,
where he will find hundreds of them. They
are, as a rule, curious and interesting, but
astonishingly poor in detail. At the top there
is often a face with the inscription under-
neath in Slavonic, "The image that was not
made with hands," an allusion to St. Veronica ;
below this is a cross, the figure that is
stretched upon it being emaciated, and with
feet and hands entirely out of proportion to
the rest of the body. The Blessed Virgin,
Mary Magdalene, St. John the Evangelist,
and Longinus are also represented, and every-
thing is explained by lettering thus, for
instance, G. G. stands for the hill of Golgotha,
and so on. Texts from the Bible or from the
Russian Service-Book are also very common.
T. P. ARMSTRONG.
LONDON CEMETERIES IN 1860 (10 th S. ii. 169,
296, 393, 496, 535). The old gravestones seen
by MR. JOHN T. PAGE (8 th S. ii. 393) probably
belonged to the Stepney Meeting - House
Burial - ground, which was also called the
Almshouse Ground or the Ratcliff Workhouse
Ground. This was situated at the north-east
corner of White Horse Street, near the junc-
tion with Salmon's Lane, and opposite the
Brewers' Almshouses. According to Mrs.
Basil Holmes ('London Burial-grounds,
pp. 179, 300), it was connected with the Inde-
pendent Chapel at Stepney, and was first
used in 1781. There are still many tomb-
stones in it, and the ground is fairly tidy.
The gate is generally open, as the entrance to
the almshouses is through it. Size, half an
acre. A view of the ground from the alms
houses is given at p. 178 of Mrs. Holmes';
book.
White Horse Street, running in a north-
easterly direction, is distinct from White
lorse Lane, which ran from west to east, and
s now included in the line of the Commercial
cload. There was also another White Horse
Lane, which connected Stepney Green with
Vlile End Green, and will be seen marked in
lorwood's map. W. F. PRIDEAUX.
[White Horse Lane now connects Stepney Green
and Mile End Road.]
" THE CROWN AND THREE SUGAR LOAVES "
(10 th S. i. 167, 214, 297, 373). As the great-
granddaughter of Abram Newman, I have
iccess to the deeds relating to Fenchurch
Street ; but the old house was rebuilt. I
traced the ownership of Newman & Dayison's-
warehouse, and sent it to Sir W. Rawlinson ;,
but he never even acknowledged it.
(Mrs.) HAUTENVILLE COPE.
13c, Hyde Park Mansions, W.
HOLBORN (10 th S. ii. 308, 392, 457, 493).
With regard to the suggestion that hoi or
hull signifies water, I recollect reading (I
think it was in Seaham's ' History of Hull '}
a note as to this. The author's view was
that the word Hull did imply a connexion
with water, and compared it with pool, as in
Liverpool. Perhaps the same idea may be
traced in Ulleskelf (Yorkshire) and Ulles-
water, on the borders of Westmoreland.
Compare also Ullesthqrpe and Ullapool.
In this connexion it may be worth while
to recall that the name of the land upon
which Gray's Inn now stands was Portpool,
a name still preserved in Portpool Lane,
which runs down from Gray's Inn Road
to Leather Lane. If there ever was a
stream of water running alongside Holborn,
such stream, whether natural or artificial^
must have had its rise on the high ground
somewhere near Portpool, perhaps at St.
Chad's Well in the Gray's Inn Road, close
to Gray's Inn. May we not then here again
trace a connexion between hoi, pool, and
ivater ?
In The Antiquary for this month, at p. 19,
is an article on ' Some London Street-names,''
by the Rev. W. J. Loftie. In it he says :
"Two parallel roadways which lead westward from
the city are called by different names, yet from the-
same river. A bourne breaks out from the clay hill
on which Regent's Park stands, and burrows its
winding course south-eastward, cutting for itself a
passage until it reaches a tidal inlet from the
Thames. The upper course of the brook is
naturally described as the Hole bourne. The
tidal estuary into which it resolves itself is the
Fleet. There are many other burrowing brooks in.
England, and many other fleets. All have the
same characteristics, and are called Holing Bourne,
Holing Beck, Holing Beach, and Holing Brook,
often corrupted into Hollingbourne, Beck, Beach, or
Brook, with various other modifications ; and the
local antiquaries generally, as in the Kentish ex-
. in. JAK. -21,190s.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
57
ample, invent a holly-tree to account for the name,
in steal of looking to see if the brook does cut a hole
for itself."
Purfleet and similar names, he says, speak
for themselves.
At what precise point in "the hill on
which Regent's Park stands " does the Fleet
break out? and where precisely is the hole
it has cut for itself 1
H. W. UNDERDOWN.
BRINGING IN THE YULE " CLOG " (10 th S. ii.
507; iii. 11). The saying "Dun is in the
mire " is much older than Shakespeare's
time, for it occurs in Chaucer. In the fifth
volume of my edition of Chaucer's works
there is an 'Index to Subjects and Words
explained in the Notes,' filling more than
sixty columns, and giving references to dis-
cussions of subjects of very various kinds.
There is a similar one to my edition of ' Piers
Plowman.' I have often wondered whether
any one ever refers to them, as the neglect
of them seems almost universal amongst
your readers. I refer to Brand, to Giffard's
notes to Ben Jonson, to ' Romeo and Juliet,'
and to Hazlitt's 'Proverbs' (which include
Ray's), all noticed at the last reference.
But I further refer to Hoccleve, to Skelton,
to the Towneley Mysteries, to Beaumont and
Fletcher, and to Butler's ' Hudibras.' So the
subject is tolerably common.
I read, at the last reference, that dun was
"often interchangeable with the sanguine
colour, a symbol of the sun." Where can I
find any such interchange 1 I see no trace of
it in the 'New English Dictionary,' which
seems to imply that it was used in direct
opposition to all ideas of brightness.
WALTER W. SKEAT.
On Tyneside the word "clog," I think
without exception, is in use. R. B R.
South Shields.
BISHOP OF MAN IMPRISONED, 1722 (10 th
S. ii. 487, 534). I desire to thank MR. HARRY
GOLDING for his cuttings, and the other
correspondents who have kindly replied
through your columns and directly. I have
also found a sketch of this apostolic bishop's
career in 'Works of Rev. A. M. Toplady,'
1825 (6 vols.), vol. iv.
CHARLES S. KING, Bt.
St. Leonards-on-Sea.
INSCRIPTION ON STATUE OF JAMES II.
(10 th S. i. 67, 137 ; iii. 15). As MR. R. PIER-
POINT refers to my note at the second refer-
ence, I take this opportunity of stating that
the appearance of tne word " gratia," instead
of " gratise," in my copy of the inscription
is not my fault. I wrote "gratise" when I
sent the note ; and again when proof was
submitted I intimated that the word should
thus appear. I noticed it was printed
"gratia" after all, and, thinking I could do
no more, consoled myself by noting the
error in my file copy and adding the words,
"I corrected this in proof sent, but it was not
altered. J. T. P." JOHN T. PAGE.
West Haddon, Northamptonshire.
WALKER FAMILY (10 th S. iii. 8). I never
heard of Peter Walker, but, if I am not
greatly mistaken, the minor canon at Nor-
wich was named John, a native of Oxford,
presented by Lord Chancellor Thurlow to the
vicarage of Stoke Holy Cross ; also rector
of St. John's, Timberhill, and St. Peter per
Mountergate, in Norwich, and Bawdsey, in
Suffolk ; died in 1807 ; and was buried in
Norwich Cathedral. FRED. NORGATE.
NOTES ON BOOKS, &o.
Roger Anchani's English Works. Edited by William
Aldis Wright, M.A. (Cambridge, University
Press.)
No less interesting than the first volume of the
"Cambridge English Classics "is the second, con-
sisting of the ' Toxophilus,' ' Report of the Affaires
and State of Germany,' and ' The Scholemaster '
of Roger Ascham, edited by Dr. Wright, the
esteemed Vice -Master of Trinity. A curious
tribute to the value of the series is borne uncon-
sciously by ourselves. More than one edition of
Ascham's English works has slumbered upon our
shelves. The convenience of the present edition,
the attractiveness of the type, and the generally
appetizing appearance of the book have led us to
an experience we commend for imitation in the
perusal of the work and the substitution of fami-
liarity with two out of three of Ascham's writings
for a sort of general idea of the contents. Agreeable,
indeed, has been the task thus accomplished, and
the English prose of Ascham. is more pleasurable
than that of most of his successors of Tudor times.
His arraignment of Malory even, and of the English
translations of Italian tales, seems less harsh when
it is read in its entirety and with its context ; and
his picture of " that noble ladie Jane Grey" as he
saw her at " Brodegate in Lecetershire," when he
found her, while "all the houshpuld, Gentlemen
and Gentlewomen, were huntinge in the Parke
in her Chamber, readinge Phaedon Platonis in
Greeke, and that with as moch delite, as som ien-
tleman wold read a merie tale in Bocase," familiar
as it is, gains in freshness. A propos of the ' Toxo-
philus' and the comparison between that pursuit
and the games with his devotion to which Ascham
was rebuked, it may be pointed out that in times
immediately succeeding those in which he wrote
indulgence not only in cards and dice, but even
in bowls, was penalized in the interest of archery.
The defence of cards and dice undertaken by
58
NOTES AND QUERIES, [io< s. m. JAX. 21, 1905.
Pliilologus on p. 21 is curiously significant in face of
the statement concerning him of Camden : " Never-
theless, being too much given to dicing and cock-
fighting, he lived and died a poor man." Among
modern reissues of English classics this series is
entitled to a foremost place.
Theodore Watts-Dunton: Poet, Novelist, Critic.
By James Douglas. (Hodder & Stoughton.)
MR. JAMES DOUGLAS has accomplished in a remark-
able fashion a task from which most writers have
shrunk that of furnishing a sustained biography
of a man still happily living. Under such con-
ditions the work constitutes rather an apologia or
a eulogy than a criticism or a life. It is natural to
compare Mr. Douglas's work with the immortal
life of Johnson by Boswell, which, however, was
published after the death of its subject. Ben
Jonson was also the recipient of an extraordinary
eulogy, which, as the title, 'Jonsonus Virbius,'
indicates, was written after his death, a work in
which Lord Falkland, Lord Buckhurst, Sir John
Beaumont, and many poets and wits of his time
participated. ' Letters and Poems in Honour of
the Incomparable Princess Margaret, Dutchess
of Newcastle,' appeared two years after her death.
'An English Miscellany,' presented to Dr. Furnivall
in 1901, is perhaps the nearest precedent in serious
literature for such a tribute as is now given.
A few years ago the claims on consideration of
Mr. Watts-Dunton were known only to the esoteric.
Such recognized the 1 , importance of his contribu-
tions to The Athenceum, and his steps towards the
substitution of his own " poetics " for that of
Aristotle. Since his publication of ' Aylwin,'
however, he has sprung into popularity, and his
name throughout the reading public is now one
with which to conjure. No half-hearted disciple
is Mr. Douglas. With the zeal of the true "con-
vertite " and worshipper, aided, it is to be supposed,
to some extent by Mr. Watts-Dunton himself, he
has traced his subject from his birth in what is
variously styled Cowslip Country or Buttercup
Land, by the Ouse, on the confines of East Anglia,
to his present residence in Putney, which he shares
with our one great living poet Mr. Swinburne. To
this long-sustained pursuit well on to 400 pages are
devoted, the work thus putting to shame all but
a few acknowledged and immortal biographies.
Full information is supplied concerning a life inter-
esting in itself, apart from its associations and
intimacies, and a bright light is cast upon an all-
important epoch in our literary history. Mr.
Douglas has enjoyed the closest friendship with
Mr. Watts-Dunton, and has turned to best advan-
tage his opportunities and privileges, showing the
relations between his friend and the great poets
of the last century, and flooding the life of Mr.
Watts-Dunton with a light such as is cast upon
none of his associates. Mr. Douglas's style is cul-
tivated and animated, and his descriptions are
lifelike and natural. He has enriched his volume,
moreover, with numerous illustrations, the value
of which it is hard to overestimate. One of these
is a portrait of Mr. Watts-Dunton serving as
frontispiece. So like is this to Mr. Swinburne,
the closest associate of the original, that we had
to rub our eyes and look again and again before
we were sure that a mistake had not been made.
Others consist of reproductions of pictures of Dante
Gabriel Rossetti and views of Cowslip Country and
of spots associated with 'Aylwin.' Most numerous
and important of all are representations of the
exterior and interior of The Pines, Mr. Watts-
Dunton's present home. We have less than we
could wish about Mr. Swinburne. In other respects
the information is ample and well conveyed.
Students of the literature of the latter half of the
nineteenth century will rejoice in the possession
of Mr. Douglas's work, the loyalty and eloquence
of which are alike remarkable.
THE Rugby School Register, Vol. III., May, 1874,
to May, 1904, revised and annotated by the Rev.
A. T. Michell, is printed for subscribers by Mr. A. J.
Lawrence, the school bookseller at Rugby, and
deserves warm commendation. Old Rugbeians are
said to cherish the memory of their school with
more than usual pertinacity, and this admirable
record shows, at any rate, the unwearying devotion
of one of them. Mr. Michell's is not a bare list
of names, but supplies the after career of each boy.
Such detail could only be secured by unremitting
assiduity, and the compiler has employed special
efforts, with remarkable success, to make thelistcom-
plete. Full indeed and interesting it is, and we hope
that all Rugbeians will secure a copy of it, and that
other schools of note will follow the example set by
Mr. Michell. We believe that no such up-to-date
record is available of any other school, or, indeed,
college. We have tested the list many times and
found it invariably accurate, even in cases where
a change of name has been made, which is always
difficult to trace and verify.
BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES.
THE booksellers have plenty of treasures and
works of general usefulness for New Year pur-
chasers.
Mr. H. Cleaver, of Bath, offers four works on
costume for 61. 6s. These include Russia, Austria,
China, and Turkey. There are 273 coloured plates.
Other noteworthy items in the catalogue are original
editions, in parts, of ' Bleak House ' and ' Little
Dorrit ' ; Fielding's works, 1898, 6^. 18s. 6d. ; and Noel
Humphreys's ' Butterflies,' 3 vols., 45*. The works
on India include Forrest's ' Picturesque Tour,'
2?. 10s. Under Ireland we find Trench's ' Realities
of Irish Life,' O'Brien's ' Round Towers,' and works
by Mr. and Mrs. S. C. Hall. There is a first edition
of Leech's ' Follies of the Year,' price 30*. This is
scarce. A handsome set of Marryat's novels, 24 vols. ,
is priced at 11. 10s. : a beautiful set of Morris's
' Birds,' 61. 6s. ; a set of Punch, 1841-1902, 22Z. 10s. ;
a set of Scott, the Author's Favourite Edition,
88 vols., 1829-36, 9Z. 9s. ; and Smollett, the 1901
edition, 61. 67.
Mr. Bertram Dobell's list contains many first
editions, and some books in old morocco from the
late Prof. Corfield's collection. The first editions
include ' Paracelsus,' 12mo., 1835, 11. Is. ; ' Sordello,'
1840, 15s. : Mrs. Browning's ' Seraphim,' 1838,
11. 10s. ; Coleridge's ' Fall of Robespierre,' Cam-
bridge, 1794, 51. 5s. ; ' Addresses to the People,'
Bristol, 1795, 4. 4s. ; ' Zapolya, a Christmas Tale, un-
cut,, 1817, 31. 3s. ; 'Sibylline Leaves,' 21. 5s. ; Lamb's
' Tales from Shakespeare,' with the plates by Mul-
ready, engraved by Blake, 2 vols., 1807, bound by
Bedford, very rare, 271. 10s.; 'Blank Verse,' by
Lamb and Lloyd, 12mo, 1798, blue morocco, uncut,
21/. ; Shelley's' Queen Mab,' 1813, 311. ; ' The Revolt
of Islam,' 1818, 41. 10s. ; IKeats, 1817, 101. 10s. ;
io*s.m.jAx.2i,i905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
Bewick's 'Birds,' Newcastle, 1797-1804, 6?. 10s. ;
and the rare original Lausanne edition of ' Vathek,'
21. 12s. Other interesting items are to be found under
America, Ballads, Caricatures, and Kehnscptt Press.
Under Juvenile is Tabart's series of juvenile books,
in the original wrappers, 1804, 1805, 1807, 9?. 9s.
Mr. Dobell states that " this is in all probability a
unique collection." Among books in choice bind-
ings is Dobell's ' Sidelights on Charles Lamb,' a
fine specimen of Zaehnsdorf's work, 4?. 4-s.
Mr. Francis Edwards has a catalogue of dramatic
literature. The items include the rare first edition
of Beaumont and Fletcher, 1647, 30?. ; also the
second edition, 1679, 15?. ; ' Memoirs of Mrs. Bil-
lington,' 1792, 21. 2s. ; Genest's ' English Stage,'
1832, 12?. ; Massinger's ' Works,' 1813, bound by
Zaehnsdorf, 51. 5s. ; Moliere, Paris, 1835, 9?. There
are also many most interesting collections of play-
bills. Under Shakespeare is a very fine copy in
drop case of the Fourth Folio, price 50?. There are
many works on costume Planche, 11. ; Racinet, 181. ;
Atkinson's ' Russian Costume,' 6?. 6s. ; ' L'Annee
Fran^aise,' Paris, 1885-8, 161. A copy of Acker-
mann's ' Microcosm ' is priced at 20?.
Mr. Charles Higham, of Farringdon Street, has a
collection of theological and philosophical books,
including an interesting collection of 400 tracts and
pamphlets made by Dean Boyle, 33 vols. , 21. 12s. 6d.
One volume, containing a Butler item, bears a note
that it was lent to Mr. Gladstone when he was
editing Butler's works. Among other items are a
set of The Expositor, 1875-1900, 81. 8s.; Green-
wood's 'Cathedra Petri,' 6 vols., II. 5s. (The Athe-
n(Kiim spoke highly of this work) ; Ivimey's ' His-
tory of the Baptists,' 21. 2s. ; a copy of ' Tract XC.'
for half-a-crown ; ' The Polychrome Bible,' 15 vols.,
1893-4, 31. 3-s. There are a number of items under
Maurice, Newman, Tulloch, Vaughan, and Missions.
Mr. Macphail, of Edinburgh, opens his list with
Oliver Goldsmith's first work, ' Memoirs of a French
Protestant condemned to the Galleys of France,'
London, 1758, 65s. : also an early Milton, 1688,
with list of subscribers' names, 55-s. Swinburne's
' Poems and Ballads,' Moxon, 1866, is 55-s. Other
items are Ley den's 'Complaynt,' 1801-2, rare, 28-s. 6d. ;
' The History of the House of Douglas,' 1902, 42s.
(only 150 copies printed of this edition ; the work is
now out of print) ; ' The Great Seals of England,'
112 engravings, 1837, 15s.; Pierotti's 'Jerusalem
Explored,' 35*. ; ' Rome,' by Francis Wey, full
green morocco, 21?. ; Allan Cunningham's ' Songs of
Scotland,' 4 vols., a choice set, 22*-. 6(?. ; Mudford's
' Campaign in the Netherlands,' 1817, rare, 11. Is. ;
'The Book of Job,' on vellum, with R. T. Rose's
illustrations, 37. 3-s. ; Kay's portraits, over 500, of
Edinburgh celebrities, 1837, 4?. 15s. There is also a
collection of miniatures, on satin paper, of the saints,
the work of Portuguese nuns, 1780, 55-s. There are
some interesting lots under Bric-a-Brac.
Messrs. Edwin Parsons & Sons, of Brompton
Road, issue a catalogue full of choice works on art.
They have a large collection of oil paintings and
original drawings, of which they invite inspection.
Among some of many treasures in this list we pick
out Smith's ' Dutch, Flemish, and French Painters,'
9 vols., imperial 8vo, 1829-42, 42?.: 'Portraits by
Van DycV 1641, 101. 10s.; Humphry Ward and
Roberts's 'Biographical Essay on Romney,' with
catalogue of his works, 70 illustrations, Japanese
paper, 121. 12s. ; Holbein's ' Portraits,' 84 printed
in colours, by Bartolozzi, 1792, 40?. ; Lodge's ' Por-
traits,' large paper, India proofs, 1823, 12?. 12-s. ;
' The National Gallery, ' edited by Poynter, 14?. 14s. ;
Turner's ' Southern Coast of England,' 1826, 10?. 10s. ;
'Dutch and Flemish Masters,' 1821, 25 guineas;
Lebas's 'Engravings after Dutch Masters,' 1784,
very rare, 45?. ; J. Foster's ' The Stuarts,' India
proof, edition de luxe, 15?. 15-s. These are only a few
out of nearly 1,300 items, which include a clearance
list of works in general literature.
Catalogue No. 8 of Mr. H. H. Peach, of Leicester,
contains a number of valuable items. Under Early
Printing collectors will find much to interest them,
the descriptions of the books being given very fully ;.
many are scarce. In the general list there is a
rare book, the second and altered edition of ' The
Institution of Christian Man,' the book of the
Reformation, partly dictated by Henry VIII.
Under Oxfordshire is a copy of the Articles agreed
upon "in the Convocation holden at London in the
yeare of our Lorde God 1562," black-letter, 2?. 2s.
Mr. Richardson, of Manchester, has a copy of
La Caricature Journal, vols. i. to x., Paris, 1830-5,
81. 10s. ; also the scarce edition of the ' Greville
Memoirs,' 6?. 15s. ; the first edition of 'Davenport
Dunn,' 5?. ; Pauly's ' Russia,' 4?. 10s. ; and Purcell's-
' Orpheus Britannicus,' 3?. Mr. Richardson has
purchases of sporting and other books from the
library of the Marquis of Anglesey.
Messrs. Sotheran's Catalogue 647 contains three
rare theological incunabula, 20?. ; ' Arabian Nights,'
Villon Society, 13 vols., 14?. 14-s. (only 500 printed) ;
Matthew Arnold's complete works, edition de luxe,
bound by Riviere, 16?. 16-s. Under Australasia.
we find Lycett's ' Views,' 1824, a coloured copy,
very rare, 21?. ; and Wallis's ' Views,' twelve large
plates engraved on copper by Preston, a convict,
1820, very scarce, 8?. 8s. Under Bibliography we
notice Arber's ' Transcript of the Registers of the
Company of Stationers, 1554-1640,' only 230 privately
printed, 7?. 10-s. ; Dibdin's ' Decameron,' 1817, very
scarce, 9?. 9s. ; ' Bibliotheca Spenceriana,' 1814-23,
8?. 10-s. ; and ' The Decameron,' 1620, 8?. 8s. There
are some very choice botanical works, including
that delightful old book Loddiges's ' Cabinet,'
1818-33, scarce, 19?. 19-s. A copy of Bryan's ' Dic-
tionary of Painters ' is priced at 52?. 10s. Under
Byron is a choicely bound copy of the recent
13-vol. edition, in blue morocco, 9?. Lady Meux's
Publications, only 300 printed for private circula-
tion, 189S-1900, are 22?. 10s. ; ' Tom Brown's School-
days,' first edition, 1857, very rare, 12?. 12s. Under
Charles Lamb is a tine copy of the ' Poetical
Recreations ' of The Champion, 1822, very rare, 21?.
A copy of the original subscription edition of
Lodge's ' Portraits ' is priced at 35?. We have only
space to give a few more valuable items. An
original set of ' Musees FranQais ' is 52?. 10s.
'Paradise Lost,' first edition, 24?. : Molinier's 'Le
Mobilier Royal des XVII. et XVIII. Siecles,' 50?. ;
and Dallaway's ' Sussex,' 42?. There are also many
interesting items under Trials.
Mr. Walter T. Spencer opens his catalogue with
a set of Harrison Ains worth's works, first editions,
92Jvols., 1834-78, price 80?. Under Alken are ' Real
Life in London,' in the 56 original parts, 30?. ; ' Real
Life in Ireland,' 8?. 8s.; 'National Sports,' 24?.;
and many others. A complete set of The Alpine
Journal is offered for 24?. 10s. There are a number
of works under America, Angling, and Military.
Lovers of Cruikshank will find plenty to interest
them. The list of books with coloured plates is a
60
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io<" s. m. JAN. 21, 1905.
long one, and includes ' Popular Pastimes,' Sher-
woods, 1816. Mr. Spencer states it to be the first
copy he has ever catalogued. The price of this is
61. 6s. Papworth's 'Views of London,' 1816, is
put at 201. A curious collection of valentines,
1821-2, can be had for '35s. Under Charles Dickens
are first editions and many rarities. These include
' The Village Coquettes,' 1836, 14. 14s. ; ' Pickwick,'
in parts, 18Z. 18s. ; ' Martin Chuzzlewit,' in parts,
71. 7s. ; ' The Christmas Carol,' 81. 8s. ; and under
" A ' Find ' and no Mistake ! " four numbers of The
Penny Satirist, containing 24 extra illustrations to
' Nicholas Nickleby,' Nov. -Dec., 1838, 11. Is. Under
Disraeli we have a handsome set of first editions,
1826-80, 2$. There is much of interest under
Drama. Under Pierce Egan the items include
' Boxiana,' 5 vols., Sherwoods & Virtue, 1823-9, 20.
There are first editions of George Eliot's works,
including 'Adam Bede,' 31. 18*. 6d. A large parcel
of Goldsmith's reprints of old tracts, 62 vols.,
vellum, is priced SI. 8s. Other entries include a set
of Judge Haliburton's works, 24 vols., all first
editions, 1837-60, 91. 15s. ; Leigh Hunt's "Juvenile
Library," 1800-1, 31. 3s. ; Leigh Hunt's Journal,
1850-1 ; George Meredith's * Poems,' first edition,
Parker, 181. 18s. ; ' Sette of Odd Volumes,' 44 vols.,
14. 14s. (the first contains a sketch of the life of
Mr. Quaritch) ; Sheridan's 'Critic,' 31. 3s., and 'A
Trip to Scarborough,' 6?. 6*'., both first editions.
There is also much of interest under Tennyson,
Thackeray, and Wordsworth.
Mr. Albert Sutton, of Manchester, has a good
list of miscellaneous literature. Collectors will
find plenty to interest them under the headings
Africa, Alpine, America, Lancashire, and Shake-
speare. Under the last there is a collection of
twenty volumes, all relating to Shakespeare, 1783-
1845, 87. Other items include the Spenser Society,
54 vols., 111. ; a set of The Studio, SI. ; Scott, the
Library Edition, 25 vols., 1854, 11. Is. ; 'The Axon
Tracts,' 62 of these, II. 10s. ; Holbein Society,
1869-92, 18 vols., 11. Is. ; Lancashire Parish Register
Society, 16 vols., 51. 15s. ; Historic Society, Liver-
pool, 1849-1900, 53 vols., 61. 10s. ; and Macaulay,
Library Edition, 1853-76, 12 vols., 51. There are
many valuable works under Portraits.
Mr. Thomas Thorp issues from his St. Martin's
Lane address a catalogue containing thirteen pretty
views of "Bygone Times " picture postcards. They
are reproductions from rare old prints, and well
deserve the notice of the collector. The books
include scarce works on Africa. A fine copy of
Matthew Arnold's 'Empedocles on Etna,' first
edition, is 31. 10-s., and ' Friendship's Garland,' 1871,
:35s. ; Ashmole's 'Berkshire,' large -paper copy,
E.Curll, 1719, very scarce, 101. 10s. ; Coates's ' Read-
ing,' 1802, 4to, contemporary calf, 3/. 10. ; an
exceptionally fine copy of Boileau, 2 vols., folio,
1718, 4Z. 4s. ; a collection of fifty fine old book-
plates, 51. 10.s. ; Sowerby's ' Botany,' 151. lo.s. ; Cole-
ridge, Pickering's original editions, 14 vols., 48*. :
and the scarce first edition of Hobbes's ' Leviathan,'
1651. 30.s. There is also a copy of Hakluyt, 1599-
1600, 311. 10s.
Mr. Thorp also issues a catalogue from Read-
ing. The collection it contains of Berkshire
books and pamphlets is very interesting. These
are purchases from the library of Mr. Job Lpwsley.
Among rarities are ' The History and Antiquities
f Berkshire,' Reading, 1736, 9/. 15*. ; Aehmole, a
choice copy, 101. 10s.; Blagrave's 'Bpoke of the
Making and Use of a Staffe. newly invented by
the Author, called the Familiar Staffe,' 1590, 30-s. ;
also ' The Mathematical Jewel,' 51. 10s. The general
list includes many items of interest : Reynolds's
Graphic Works,' 1833-8, 40?. ; Pope, 14 vols. 4to,
1769, 61. 10s. ; ' Newgate Calendar,' 5 vols., 51. 5s. ;
Historical MSS- Commission Reports, 31. 10s. ;
Wheatley's 'Primroses' ('London Cries'), 51. 5s.
There are also first editions of Dickens and Swin-
burne.
Mr. Voynich's new Short Catalogue, No. 11, con-
tains very rare books. Many of the items have the
note " Not in Lowndes, Stevens, or Sabin." Under
American Presses we find Asplund's 'Annual
Register of the Baptist Denomination in North
America,' 1791, 11. 10s., and Brady and Tate's version
of the Psalms, 1791, 11. 16s. A copy of Scott's ' Vox
Cteli,' 1624, is priced 31. 3.s. There is a choice New
Testament, Robert Stephanus (Geneva), 1551,
101. 10s. There is an edition of Ctesar printed on
grey blotting paper, a very curious specimen,
Venice, 1737, 4/. 4.s. : also a document of great
rarity, a Bull of Pius IV., 1562, 11. Is. ; Burton's
' Anatomy of Melancholy,' a very rare copy of
the fifth edition, 1638, 81. 8*. ; and Quintus Curtius,
translated by Brende, 1553, 101. 10s. There is much
of interest under English Music and English Plays,
also under English Presses before 1640, and Scot-
land and Scotch Presses. Searchers after Shake-
speariana will find many treasures ; indeed, each
item in the four hundred affords much of interest.
to
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fcl
LOXDOX, SATL'EDAY, JANUARY SS, 1905.
CONTENTS.-No. 57.
NOTES : Capt. George Shelvocke, 61 Wood's * A th. Oxon.,'
ed. Bliss : Sir W. Ralegh, 62 Robert Farren Cheetham,64
" Jockteleg," 65 'Visitations of Southwell' Angelo
Benedetto Ventura Stafford : Tatton " Number-Men "
'The Lass of Richmond Hill' "Fed up" "Tour-
maline," 60 "The Naked Boy and Coffin" "Pro-
gressive" Woman, Heaven's Second Thought Lady
Lucy Hamilton Sandys, 67.
QUERIES : " Perficient" 'Paradise Lost" of 1751
Dettingen Trophies, 68 Royal Regiments of the Line
Ancient Religious Houses Tyrrell Family " Cut the
loss " Verschoyle : Folden " The gentle Shakespeare,"
69 Weeper in the House of Commons Verses : Author
Wanted" Sdckpenny "Rupert as a Christian Name, 70.
REPLIES : The Envied Favourite, 71 Bibliographical
Notes on Dickens and Thackeray Bridges, a Winchester
Commoner Sir T. Cornwallis Tarleton and the Sign
of "The Tabor," 73 Marriage Service Comet, 1580
"An old woman went to market," 74 Mayers' Song
Authorsof Quotations Wanted Sarum Police Uniforms:
Omnibuses, 75 Maze at Seville Blood used in Building,
76 Dr. Burchell's Collections Nelson in Fiction Algon-
quin Element in English "Broken heart," 77 Allan
Kamsav " Humanum est errare " "Broach" or
" Brooch," 78-" Phil Elia," 79.
NOTES ON BOOKS -.-Mrs. Toynbee's Edition of Walpole's
Letters Browning's 'Men and Women' Mrs. Barrett
Browning's Works Latham's 'Famous Sayings' Har-
inttle's 'Dictionary of Battles' Routledge's "Muses'
Library."
Obitunry : Mr. W. Fraser Rae Mr. T. W. Shore.
fjotiees to Correspondents.
CAPT. GEORGE SHELVOCKE.
SHELVOCK is a little township in Shrop-
shire, some twelve miles from Shrewsbury.
Round about it Shelvocke families were
seated for many generations. l n the printed
calendars of the Prerogative Court of Canter-
bury we find the wills of William Shelvocke,
of Shardon (presumably Shrawardine), and
of Richard Shelvocke, of Baschurch (proved
in 1582 and 1597 respectively). One of the
last of the Shropshire Shelvockes was John
Shelvocke, who died in the parish of St. Mary,
Shrewsbury, in 1G85, leaving a son Charles,
and grandchildren John and Ellenor. His
second wife (by whom he had no children)
died before him (also at Shrewsbury) in 1681.
She was a well-to-do lady, by name Joyous
or Joyce, sister of George Hodson, gent., of
the Lea, in Shropshire, and was possessed of
a goodly estate at Tregynon, in Montgomery-
shire. In the last decade of the seventeenth
century some members of the family had
taken to a seafaring life, and as a natural
consequence settled in Deptford, Greenwich,
and other places near London beloved of
sailors. By will dated 8 February, 1697/8,
one Reynald Shelvocke, of Deptford, mariner,
then belonging to H.M.S. Gloucester, left his
all to his wellbeloved sister Ellener Harding;
he died on the high seas a bachelor before
16 April, 1700, when the will was proved. In
regard to his baptismal name it is worth
noting that Acton Reynald is likewise a
Shropshire township. Another seafarer of
this name was Richard Shelvocke, a sailor
on board H.M.S. Devonshire, who died at
Kinsale, in Ireland, some time before 30 June,
1696, on which day his estate was adminis-
tered to by his relict Anne, then residing in
St. Giles, Cripplegate.
Capt. George Shelvocke, the well-known
privateer, came, as his tombstone records,
of a Shropshire family which had been
long resident in Deptford, and was born
in 1674 or 1675. His 'Voyage round the
World by the way of the Great South
Sea, perform 'd in the Years 1719, 20,
21, 22, in the Speedwell of London, of
24 Guns and 100 Men (under His Majesty's
' Commission to cruize on the Spaniards in the
late War with the Spanish Crown),' ttc., pub-
lished in 1726, is summarized in the ' Diet.
Xat. Biog.' It was followed two years later
by a rival narrative, the very title of which
is hostile, ' A Voyage round the World, being
an Account of a Remarkable Enterprize
begun in the year 1719, chiefly to cruise on
the Spaniards in the great South Ocean,'
from the pen of William Betagh, who for a
time had been Shelvocke's captain of marines.
Betagh was an Irishman, who, " urg'd by
his voracious appetite," says Shelvocke,
grumbled at short commons, grew insolent,
and had to be excluded from the captain's
table and the great cabin. On the other
hand, Betagh, while confessing to his prowess
as a trencher knight, dwells upon his chiefs
particular affection for strong liquors, espe-
cially his " drinking of Hipsy, a liquor com-
Eounded of wine, water, and brandy, which,
y the admirers of it, is also call'd meat,
drink, and cloth." ("Hipsy," by the way, is
not to be found in the ' N.E.D.') "As his
pretended narrative is intirely a deception,"
he writes in his dedication, "and his whole
conduct an indignity to his country, I thought
it my duty to give a genuine account of the
man as well as our voyage." Despite his
failings, Shelvocke showed himself a brave
and capable leader in times of danger. Far
different was the conduct of the officer ap-
pointed to command the expedition, Capt.
John Clipperton, from whom Shelvocke soon
parted company. Even the virulent Betagh
cannot deny the accuracy of Shelvocke's
description of Clipperton in a sea fight,
grotesquely though it reads :
"Early the next day [12 Nov., 1721] there came
off a great many of the Success's people from
62
NOTES AND QUERIES.
s. m. JAX. ss, 1905.
Macao aboard of us they acquainted me that
their Commander Clipperton had left me designedly
(as I have before related), that they went directly
to Guam, one of the Ladron Islands, where they
were very well refreshed and supply'd with pro-
visions Capt. Clipperton weigh* d with his ship
in order to attack a ship of 20 guns from Manila
who had lain quietly in the road with them all the
time till now. in approaching her, he ran his ship upon
the rocks, and soon found the enemy was prepar'd
for him, for they had raised two batteries of half
the ships guns to receive him. I am almost ashamed
to relate this man's behaviour in this skirmish ; but
as I think he deserves to be exposed I shall divulge
it in the manner I receiv'd it from his chief Officers,
who talk'd of it publickly at Canton; for Clipperton
perceiving his case desperate, and the loss of his
ship past redemption to all appearance, had
recourse to his case of brandy for a supply of
spirits to animate him in makinga vigorous defence ;
but he took so abundantly of that intoxicating
cordial, that he in an instant became dead drunk,
and tumbled on the deck, and snor'd out his time
in a beastly manner, whilst his first Lieutenant.
Davidson undertook the command of the ship,
which he bravely executed till he was kill'd : he
was succeeded by Capt. Cook, their second Lieu-
tenant, who made a handsome resistance, and got
the ship afloat again after she had lain on the rocks
48 hours, all which time Clipperton had been lost
between sleeping and drinking as fast as he waked,
so that he did not recover himself till they were
out at sea, and then by his impertinent questions
and behaviour sufficiently convinced them that he
knew nothing of what had pass'd during their
engagement, c., which lasted two days and two
nights."
Capt. Shelvocke died in the parish of
St. Mary Woolnoth, London, according to the
Administration Act Book, 1743, of the Prero-
gative Court of Canterbury, i.e., in his son's
official residence in Lombard Street, on
4 December, 1742, aged sixty-seven, and was
buried in the churchyard of St. Nicholas,
Deptford. Near his tomb was placed a tablet
to the memory of his wife Susanna, daughter
of Capt. Richard Strutton, of Deptford ; she
had died in 1711. He did not leave a will.
His only son, also George Shelvocke, was
born about 1702, and as a stripling of seven-
teen accompanied his father on his voyage
round the world. The implacable Be tag h
contemptuously refers to him as " Georgy "
and as " an interloper." " He knew nothing
of sea affairs," continues the irascible captain
of marines,
"or indeed of any thing else that was commendable
or manly. His imployment at London was to dangle
after the women, and gossip at the tea-table ; and
aboard us, his whole business was to thrust himself
into all society, overhear every thing that was said,
then go and tell his father : so that he was more
fit for aboarding school than a ship of war. Yet
had this insignificant fellow a dividend of 660 pound
out of one prize, in prejudice to many honest brave
men, destroy'd, lost and begger'd at the captain's
pleasure."
It would be interesting to know whether
the younger Shelvocke deigned to notice this
tirade in his edition of his father's ' Voyage/
published in 1757, but I have not met with a
copy. He was well educated and did some
respectable literary work, including a trans-
lation of Casimir Simienowicz's ' The Great
Art of Artillery,' published by J. Tonson in
1729. The translation was made from the
French version a copy of the Latin original
being unprocurable and was undertaken
purely by the encouragement of Col. Arm-
strong, Surveyor-General of H.M.'s Ordnance.
From 1742 until his death in 1760 he was
Secretary to the General Post Office, Lombard
Street, with a salary of 2001. a year. He was
elected F.K.S. 10 March, 1743, and F.S.A.
2 February, 1744. On 26 May, 1758, he
married at Greenwich, as her second husband,
a lady whom he described in his will, dated
28 April, 1754, as " my loving cousin Mary
Jackson, widow, now living with me." He
died suddenly in one of the official apart-
ments of the General Post Office 12 March,
1760, aged fifty-eight, and by his desire was
buried with his father at Deptford. The
inscriptions on their tombs are given in
Hasted's ' Kent,' edit. Drake, vol. i. (all un-
fortunately published).
His widow did not long survive, as she
died 24 July, 1761, aged fifty-four, at her
house at Knightsbridge, and was buried in
Westminster Abbey (see 'Registers,' edit.
J. L. Chester, p. 398). In her will she men-
tions " my dear Mr. Shelvocke's picture drawn
by Mr. Hymer" (probably Highmore). By
her first husband she had a son, Charles Jack-
son, who was Comptroller at the Foreign
Office, General Post Office, and was living, as
late as 1793, at Tooting ; and a daughter
Mary, who married, 22 May, 1758, Benjamin
Cooke, Mus.Doc., organist of Westminster
Abbey, and died 19 March, 1784.
GORDON GOODWIN.
WOOD'S 'ATH. OXON.,' ED. BLISS:
SIR W. RALEGH.
AMONGST a number of MSS. penes me, that
formerly belonged to J. Payne Collier, is a
letter dated 22 August, 1851, addressed to
him by Dr. Bliss, and written apparently for
the purpose of assisting him in the collection
of materials for his papers on the life and
character of Sir W. Ralegh. These papers
were read at meetings of the Society of
Antiquaries, and were printed in the Arckcea-
logia, vols. xxxiv. and xxxv. The letter
contains so much of interest; as to warrant
its transcription in extenso :
10*8. III. JAX. 28, 1905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
St. Mary Hall, Aug. 22, 1851.
Mr DEAR SIR,
On my return home for a little space before I
proceed to the sea for the remainder of the
vacation, I find your letter. You shall have an
immediate answer, first assuring you that I have at
all times much pleasure in giving you any assistance,
and that I beg you will never hesitate to apply to
me if you fancy I can do so.
The cancel in Wood 1 would send you if I had
one, although I am now ashamed that such a
bibliographical curiosity ever was allowed but I
was then thirty-seven years younger than I am now,
which is the only excuse (a very poor one, I allow)
I have to offer. Wood states that Sir W. Raleigh
"devirginated a maid of honour." I printed an
indelicate story told by Aubrey on this subject, and,
when six or twelve (I forget which) copies had been
printed, took out the tale and replaced it with some
lines by Sir Egerton Brydges, which stand in the
General impression. It was a premeditated cancel
etween the printer, my old friend Joseph Harding,
long since dead, and myself ; but you will do me a
kindness not to notice it. There was a similar
cancel in the account of Selden, both from Aubrey's
MSS. in the Ashmole, a selection from which you
must know, printed about 1812 or 1813, and which
deserves to be referred to.
I have looked at my slips of paper touching
Raleigh, and find the following :
Matriculated at Magdalen, Nov. 5. 1602 : " Gual-
terus Rawleygh. Walceriensis, equitis filius an.
nat. 16."
Matriculated at Corpus, Oct. 30, 1607: "Gualterus
Ralegh. Dorcest. militis filius an. nat. 14.''
Matriculated at Exeter, Oct. 14, 1586 : " Georgius
Rawlye. Devon, pleb. fil. an. 18."
Matriculated Alban Hall, May 4, 1582 : " Georgius
Raleghe. Buckingamensis gen. fil. an. 12."
Matriculated at St. Mary Hall, Dec. 1, 1581:
" Guiliellmus Ralegh."
'Britannia & Raleigh,' a dialogue in verse, c.,
Marvell's works, iii. 314.
Life of William I., by Ralegh, MS. Tanner, 103,
3b.
Letters from him, MSS. Tanner, 278 and 290.
Poems by Sir W. R. among Rawlinson's MSS.
When the University printed Raleigh's works, I
looked at a portion of the miscellaneous works,
and corrected them, without making any parade of
the matter, from MSS. in Ashmole, Bodley, and the
B. Mus. It was not desired to give various readings,
but I took such as appeared to me the best from the
various materials before me. I think I have met
with one or two poems that I fancied at a subse-
quent time 1 had not before seen, but of this I am
very uncertain. You say you are going to press
immediately if so I fear the offer of aid would be
useless, but I shall be here for a week and will do
anything I can.
In great haste
Very truly yours
PHILIP BLISS.
J. P. Collier, Esq.
P.S. I have been told that there are many most
valuable original letters by Raleigh in the State
Paper Office, and once was shown some transcripts,
but not allowed to have them, fearing I might
print.
There had evidently been some corre-
spondence on the subject, and Collier was
aware of one of the leaves containing the
memoir of Ralegh in Bliss's edition of Wood's
work having been cancelled, and another
substituted for it ; the memoir in question-
is included in vol. ii. (1815), and occupies
pp. 235-49. The following lines appear in
a foot-note at p. 239, in illustration of a
passage in the text in which Ralegh is noted
as "out of favour [inter alia] for
devirginating a maid of honour " :
But in vain she did conjure him
To depart her presence so.
Having a thousand tongues t' allure him,
And but one to bid him go.
When lips invite,
And eyes delight,
And cheeks as fresh as rose in June
Persuade delay,
What boots to say,
" Forego me now, come to me soon " ?
4 Poems,' by Brydges, 12mo, p. 50^
Bliss attributes them to Brydges, but this
is certainty an error ; all he did was to edit
'The Poems of Sir Walter Raleigh' (1814).
The one from which the foregoing lines are
quoted is headed ' Dulcina,' and consists of
five ten-line verses, the one copied being the
second. Hannah in his 'Courtly Poets' does
not assign the poem to Ralegh for want of
evidence.
The lines (hardly worthy of the place they
occupy) simply acted as a stopgap, to replace
" an indelicate story " that appeared on the
cancelled leaf, and was transcribed from
Aubrey's MS. in the Bodleian Library. To.
this no allusion is made in the first edition of
Aubrey's 'Lives of Eminent Men'; but the
story finds a place in the second ('Brief
Lives,' 1898, ii. 185), with necessary omissions.
Xo conception can be formed of the gross
character of the anecdote referred to except
by perusal of the original MS. , in which the
author recorded all the gossiping stories of
his period without attempting to exercise
any discrimination in their selection or
rejection, so that, as noted by one of his
biographers, "his anecdotes require to be
read with critical distrust." Except as a
mere freak on the part of a young man (for
Bliss was considerably under thirty years at
the time), it is difficult to understand why
he should have perpetrated " such a biblio-
graphical curiosity " as a " premeditated
cancel," not only in the memoir of Ralegh,
but of that of Selden also, which latter is
now unable to be identified. No copy of
either cancelled leaf has been preserved as
far as is now known. All the members of
the Ralegh family mentioned in the letter
are recorded in Foster's 'Alumni Oxon.' It
is interesting to learn that Bliss edited some-
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io* s. m. JAX. ;, iwe.
of the miscellaneous writings of Ralegh for
the eighth volume of the Oxford edition of
the works of the latter (1829), a fact not
mentioned in the bibliographical list of the
former in the 'D.N.B.' Who was Joseph
Harding ?
The P.S. relating to the hindrances
experienced by literary men in the prose-
cution of their researches during the first
half of the last century offers a striking
contra-st to the assistance, courtesy, and
facilities for pursuing their inquiries which
they meet with at the present day in the
various public libraries, tkc.
T. N. BKUSHFIELD, M.D.
Salterton, Devon.
ROBERT FARREN CHEETHAM.
THE name of Robert Farren Cheetham
belongs only to the byways of literary history
and bibliography. A brilliant career
appeared to be open to him, but his own
high hopes and the expectations of his
friends were frustrated by an early death.
His literary remains are inconsiderable, but
they will compare favourably in quality with
the productions at the same age of many who
have attained distinction. The notice of him
which appears in Mr. Finch Smith's 'Admis-
sion Register of Manchester School' can be
somewhat amplified. He was the son of Mr.
Jonathan Cheetham, a flour merchant of
.Stockport, and was for five years under the
care of the Rev. William Jackson, M.A.,
master of the Free Grammar School at Stock-
port. Cheetham lavishes high praise on his
first master as one " whose heart was purely
of celestial frame." From Stockport the
.young scholar proceeded to Manchester, and
was admitted to the Grammar School 27 July,
1792. Three years later he published a tiny
pamphlet of ' Poems, by MA9HTH2.' This
was printed by George Nicholson & Co.,
Palace Street, Manchester, and extends to
thirty - seven pages, somewhat curiously
numbered. Nicholson, who was a man of
literary taste and published many excellent
selections, appears to have admired the boy's
talent and included some of his verses
in the ' Literary Miscellany.' The ' Ode
on the Inadrniration of the Grandest
Objects because daily before our Eyes,' 'On
the Superior Felicity of the Humble State,'
and ' On the Mischievous Effec ts of Prosperity '
belong to a form of literature now out of
fashion. In 1796 Cheetham again sought
public favour. Nicholson had now left
Manchester, and the little volume of ' Odes
and Miscellanies' was printed by J. Clarke,
of Stockport, These "juvenile productions"
are dedicated to Charles Lawson, M.A., Head
Master of the Free Grammar School,
Manchester, as "a small but sincere testimony
of gratitude for his care and instruction
during the last four years." The dedication
is followed by a letter. " Many of the pieces
which form the present volume, have already
come before you as school exercises ; not a
few have received yourapprobation : on these,
therefore, whose decision shall I fear ? " asks
the young poet. He mentions that he has
j completed his nineteenth year, and is about
to leave school for "the muse- wreathed banks
of Isis." This is the reason he assigns for "a
strong desire to separate by publication the
efforts of the schoolboy from (I hope) the
maturer productions of the Collegian." In
addition to Mr. Lawson it appears that " the
Tenth Muse, the all-accomplished Seward,"
and The British Critic had told him that he
"can write." His neighbours seem to have
been willing to encourage his talents, as there
is a goodly list of subscribers, in which the
names of Cheshire gentry and Manchester
merchants are pleasantly intermingled. The
poem ' On the Love of Fame ' was spoken at
Manchester School in 1795. An ' Ode for
Her Majesty's Birthday ' was spoken at the
Theatre Royal, Stockport, in the character of
Britannia, 18 January, 1796. From an address
to ' Health ' we learn that the young author,
in spite of temperate living, was daily in
physical anguish :
Yet still the tooth of Pain this temple gnaws,
he says.
I know thou tread'st the carpet of the plain,
I know thou lov'st the brook-adorned dell,
The dark embowering wood and mountain's swell,
But now I cannot fly the Town and Learning's
chain.
Pass a few loitering years aud by the side
Of vallied brook, I '11 woo thee for my bride ;
Till then farewell ! a long and sad adieu !
Unless Oxonia's breeze this wasting frame renew.
An address to the 'School-Fire' does not
give one the idea that the Manchester boys
were made too comfortable whilst pursuing
their studies:
Thy cheerful blaze, dispersing Winter's cold,
Attracts my eyes and lures my frosted feet :
In vain it lures, since I can but behold
Thy flame, at useless distance, from my seat.
My chattering teeth the cold, cold hour bespeak,
My stiffly-bending fingers ask thine aid,
And deem it hard that rigid rules were made,
And oft thro' rigid rules would prompt to break.
E'en now, methinks, in tantalizing guise,
Thy blaze arises, " smiling as in scorn,"
And makes me Nature's Sophocles despise,
And cease with eye-less (Edipus to mourn.
O could I change, Vertumnus-like, my form,
Unken'd by Varro's classic eyes, 1 'd catch thine
influence warm.
8. III. JAN. 28, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
65
The book ends with ' Declamatiunculse
Dute. ;
In 1798 the same printer issued a quarto
pamphlet of forty - five pages, containing
"Poems by Robert Farren Cheetham, of
Brasen-Nose Coll., Oxon." This is dedicated
to Lord Duncan :
" The song of victory is certainly most grateful
to a Victor's ear. To your lordship, therefore, I
beg'd to present my little offering, which you
deigned to accept with that politeness by which
you are uo less characterized than by your martial
spirit."
This dedication is dated "Stockport, August,
179S." In the preface the young poet has a
shot at the reviewers those hardened foes
of literature ' The British Critic, when his
verses were published under the pseudonym
of Mathetes, said that they displayed vigour
and melody ; but when they were reissued
with Cheetham's name, it declared that " they
abounded with puerilities and ill-constructed
rhymes." This British Critic is decidedly at
a disadvantage in the encounter. The Monthly
Revieiv objected to the phrase " Cupid's whet-
stone," to whom Cheetham opposes Horace :
" Cupidp
Semper ardentes acuens sagittas.
General and unappreciative praise, or censure, I
despise ; the self-important reprehension of igno-
rance, thanks to niy stars I can heartily laugh at ;
friendly and discriminative correction or applause is
what I earnestly and solely desire : and this I have,
and have had from some characters to whom litera-
ture is under the highest obligations."
The first piece in this third collection is an
'Ode spoken at Manchester School in 1796.'
It ends :
Thrice happy Britain ! quiet now thy fears ;
Around thy shores the duteous bands arise,
Prompt to each virtuous and each bold emprize,
And proud to boast the name of Volunteers.
This pamphlet also was published by sub-
scription, but the proceeds were given to
the contributions for the benefit of those
who volunteered into the army at a period
when projects of invasion were feared.
Pictures of these volunteers in their martial
costume were formerly favourites in Man-
chester homes. A second ode was spoken at
Manchester School in 1797, and is also full of
warlike ardour and denunciations of " the
recreant Gaul." Another poem recalls to
memory the abortive French attempt to
invade Ireland. The rest of the verse is less
bellicose, and we turn from these echoes of
half-forgotten wars to happier themes. There
are translations from Anacreon, the " wild
and animated Statiu.s," and Silius Italicus,
and a couple of suggested emendations in
the text of Anacreon and Euripides. There
is a letter written on Valentine's Day. " The-
old-fashioned but innocent custom of sending,
valentines," we are told, " is generally known,
to have arisen from the prevalent opinion
that birds on this day begin their 'amorous,
dalliance.' All the world knows that St. Vin-
cent achieved his immortal victory on the-
same day."
It is not easy to make any selection from
Cheetham's longer pieces. Here is an epi-
gram :
Heaven's high command, " Thou shall not steal,"
The lovely Zara does not keep ;
Our plundered breasts her thefts reveal ;
While, hopeless of redress, we weep.
The last couplet of his first pamphlet reads :
In-Cupid's wars the victors ever fly :
They fly that wound, and they pursue that die.
Cheetham did not publish anything after
1798. He took his B.A. degree at Oxford,
24 June, 1800, and, stricken down in the
twenty-fourth year of his age, died at Stock-
port, 13 January, 1801. An untimely ending
to a promising career :
Cut is the branch that might have grown full
straight,
And burned is Apollo's laurel bough.
WILLIAM E. A. AXON.
Manchester.
t; JOCKTELEG." (See 8 th S. vii. 506; viii. 113;
9 th S. vi. 328.) In the eighth chapter of the
1 Life of Sir Walter Scott,' Lockhart, referring
to Dr. Somerville, the venerable minister of
Jedburgh, says, "We heard him preach an
excellent circuit sermon when he was up-
wards of eighty-two ; and at the judge's-
dinner afterwards he was among the gayest
of the company." In 1813-14 Somerville-
was confined to the house by an accident^
and he turned his leisure to good account
by writing ' My Own Life and Times,
1741-1814.' In the chapter of the work
devoted to Scotland as it was in the author'*
.early days, a reference is made to the
unsatisfactory character of the inns that were-
then in existence. They were so ill provided
with utensils, for example, that travellers-
had to carry with them their own knives-
and forks " in a case deposited in the side
pocket of their small clothes." Having stated
this, Somerville proceeds thus :
"And I may here mention that it was not only in
travelling that this case and its contents were
called into requisition. Most of the clergy, on the-
occasion of their catechetical examinations when,
according to ancient custom, it was their duty to
dine with the farmer of the district visited and
the greater number of the company at weddings and
public dinners were similarly provided. The knife
most in use was called Joclcteleg, a corruption or
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io< s. HI. JAN. 28, IMS.
John of Liegf., the most celebrated cutler in that
city in the century before last, and the inventor of
that species of manufacture."
Although this extract does not meet the
point raised at the last reference, it is an
important confirmation of previous state-
ments on the meaning of a singular term,
and it has special interest as the evidence of
a man whose father counted Allan Ramsay
among his intimate friends, and who himself
knew personally Robertson, Hume, Adam
Smith, Lord Monboddo, Burns, and Scott.
Burns visited Jedburgh in his Border tour of
1787, and in the journal he kept during his
progress he refers to Somerville as "the
clergyman of the place, a man and a gentle-
man, but sadly addicted to punning." Dr.
Somerville died on May 1C, 1830.
THOMAS BAYNE.
'VISITATIONS OP SOUTHWELL.' This interest-
ing record was edited for the Camden Society
in 1891 by Mr. A. F. Leach. On p. 119 a
testator mentions his house, land and appur-
tenances "within Morton towne and foyeder,"
which last word the editor suggests means
*' for ever." But it is merely somebody's
misreading of " fey Ides," i.e., fields, a quite
usual phrase. On p. 121 another testator
leaves his " tuffall of paysen the which
standeth over inyn oxen," and the editor
marks "tuffall" with "query." It is " to-
fall," i.e. fall-to, now called a lean-to. Mention
is made on p. 129 of the house of black-
friars " at the greate fote " in Lincoln, which
the editor cannot explain unless it be great
font. This is doubtless another misreading,
and should be "grease," i.e., stair; the
" grecian stairs " are mentioned in Maddison's
4 Vicars-Choral of Lincoln,' 1878, p. 26.
W. C. B.
ANGELO BENEDETTO VENTURA. (See 9 th S.
ii. 368.)-In The Times of 18 March, 1828,
there is an advertisement for
'" heirs at law of Caroline Ventura (wife of Angelo
Benedetto Ventura), formerly of Shenley Hill, in
'the county of Hertford, afterwards of Southampton
Row, Bloomsbury but late of Kilburn
deceased (who died in the month of August)," &c.
LEO CULLETON.
STAFFORD : TATTON. The writer will be
glad to communicate with the descendants (if
any) of the three daughters of John Stafford,
of Macclesfield, Esq., attorney-at-law, and
Lucy, fifth daughter of William Tatton,
of Wythenshawe, co. Chester, Esq. Sarah,
eldest daughter, married Harry Langford, of
Macclesfield, Gent. Lucy, second daughter,
living in 1807, married Samuel Wilkinson,
Esq , sometime colonel of the Surrey Militia.
.Penelope Margaret, third and youngest
daughter, married the Rev. Richard Popple-
well Johnson, rector of Ashton-upon-Mersey,
living 1807, and had a daughter named
Catherine. JUBAL STAFFORD.
7, Grange Avenue, Heaton Chapel, by Stockport.
"NUMBER-MEN." I recently came across
this term for the first time, and, as it is
probably unknown to the Philological Society,
make a note of it.
It is used by an old Liverpool publishing
firm upon the wrappers of their 'Grand Folio
Bible,' dated 1813, when referring to their
canvassing agents, thus : "Those subscribers,
therefore, who choose to be accommodated
with the Apocrypha may now be supplied by
giving orders to the Number-men." In the
United States the term " back-number-men "
is still applied to old-book dealers who stock
serials. WM. JAGGARD.
139, Canning Street, Liverpool.
' THE LASS OF RICHMOND HILL.' (See ante,
p. 20.) For " Surrey " should be read York-
shire. A. H.
[Our contributor speaks positively. It will be
well, however, to consult what was said in the very
long discussion in the last four volumes of the Fifth
Series. ]
" FED UP." Within the past three or four
years, the slang term "fed up" has come into
common use, meaning as if from overfed or
stuffed full that some practice is being so
overdone as to be wearisome. It is now to
be found in such a serious place as the City
article of The Times, in which, on 1 Oct., 1904,
applauding a decision of the Government to
make an immediate issue of Exchequer
bonds, it was said :
" We are, indeed, of opinion that November would
not have proved a very convenient time from the
City's point of view, whatever may have been the
feeling of the City at the beginning of August, when
every one was in a state of nervous apprehension
regarding new issues of any kind, and particularly
issues of high-class securities, with which they
were, to use an expressive piece of slang, ' fed up.' "
ALFRED F. ROBBINS.
" TOURMALINE " : ITS ETYMOLOGY. This
important mineralogical term is remarkable
for the variety of ways in which our dic-
tionaries explain its origin. The only point
of agreement between them is that it has
something to do with Ceylon. The oracle of
our school - days, Nuttall, derives it from
" Tour mal i, in Ceylon," apparently a place-
name. The ' Century ' says it is " from
tournamal, a name given to this stone in
Ceylon." The ' Encyclopaedic ' says " from
the Cingalese turamali, under which name
it was first introduced into Europe in 1703."
10* S. III. JAN. 28, 1905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
67
No authority is quoted for any of these
opinions, so I have had some trouble in
ascertaining the facts. I find that the
'Encyclopaedic' is alone correct. Its in-
forination is from Garmann's ' Curiosse Specu-
lationes,' a book published at Chemnitz in
1707, in which turamali is given as the
Ceylon term for this stone. Fortunately
there is a good modern Cingalese dictionary, |
by B. Clough, 1892, which has enabled me
to verify Garmann's statement. Clough gives
" Toramalli, a general name for the cor-
nelian." Obviously, turamali and toramalli
are merely variant orthographies of the one
Cingalese word, and obviously our tourmaline
is taken from it. The etymology perpetuated
in the ' Century ' is the reverse of the truth.
Tourmaline is practically pure Cingalese.
Tournamal is hopelessly corrupt.
JAS. PLATT, Jun.
" THE NAKED BOY AND COFFIN." The City
Press of Saturday, 3 December, 1904, states
as follows, and as the matter is of some
interest to the increasing number of those
who have a regard for the past of London,
I venture to send it for preservation in
N.&Q.':-
" We are told that the Guildhall Museum has
been placed in possession of another curious old
City sign, which was displayed in the seventeenth
century outside an undertaker's shop that was
situate at the corner of Fleet Lane and Farringdon
Street. The naked boy is the only portion of the
sign that has been recovered, the miniature coffin,
which hung with it, having been lost. The figure
is a good piece of carving in wood. Some idea of
the original sign may be gathered from the head of
an old advertisement, on which are depicted the
coffin and the naked boy swinging together. The
advertisement issued by the citizen of old ran as
follows :
" ' At ye lower corner of Fleet Lane, at ye signe
of ye Naked Boy and Coffin, you may be accom-
modated with all things for a funeral, as well ye
meanest as those of greater ability, upon reasonable
terms ; more particularly coffins, shrouds, palls,
cloakes, sconces, stars, hangings for rooms, heraldry,
hearse and coaches, gloves, with all other things
not here mentioned, by Wm. Grindly, Coffin
Maker.'"
W. E. HARLAND-OXLEY.
Westminster.
[MR. G. YARROW BALDOCK also refers to the
article in The City Press.]
" PROGRESSIVE." This word has of late
become quite a recognized party term in
municipal politics, but the occasion of its
being so first used does not seem to be
generally known. The writer believes it to
have been appropriated for party purposes
under the following circumstances. A Par-
liamentary candidate, some few years ago, for
a Midland constituency was pressed by the
clergy for a declaration of his views as to
Church property, and he thereupon stated
that he was prepared, if elected, to oppose
disestablishment in any form. The consti-
tuency rejected him, and he shortly afterwards
stood for a borough where the middle-class
vote was strong, and he stated in his address
that lie was ready to vote at once for dis-
establishment of the Church in Wales, and
that his mind was open as to doing the
same in the case of the Church of England
generally. Thereupon a letter in an opposi-
tion morning paper, calling attention to his
former declarations, congratulated the con-
stituency on the prospect of having a
member " whose principles progressed with the
requirements of his candidature," and the
letter was headed ' Progressive Politics.' This
was in 1884. The term seems to have struck
some astute political organizer(whohoped that
its origin as above would be forgotten) as an
excellently suggestive label for party pur-
poses ; and, so far as the writer has been able
to ascertain, it was then first used by the
advanced party in municipal politics. There
is a curious analogy to this in the belief that
the term " Liberal " was first suggested to the
political party in England which has since
appropriated it by an article in a Tory review
which reproached the Whigs and Radicals of
the day with their meanness and illiberality
towards their political opponents.
G. B. F.
[For Liberal as party name see 8 th S. v. 168, 272, 490.]
WOMAN, HEAVEN'S SECOND THOUGHT.
George Meredith, in ' Diana of the Cross-
ways,' makes his heroine say (ch. xiv.) :
" I suppose we women are taken to be the second
thoughts of the Creator ; human nature's fringes,
mere finishing touches, not a part of the texture."
Steele, in his 'Christian Hero' (p. 48,
ed. 1802), says of Adam :
"He awaked, and by a secret sympathy beheld
his wife ; he beheld his own rougher make softened
into sweetness, and tempered into smiles : he saw
a creature, who had as it were Heaven's second
thought in her formation."
It is interesting to observe both the coinci-
dence of the idea and the different applica-
tions of it in the earlier and later writers.
The obvious parallel of Burns's "prentice
han' " with the passage in Steele has been
noticed by me already in ' N. & Q.' (10 th
S. i. 357). C. LAWRENCE FORD.
LADY LUCY HAMILTON SANDYS. She was
evidently an intimate of Nell Gwyn's, as she
occurs as ' ; my Lady Sanes" in one of Nelly's
bills for sedan chairs, dated 13 October, 1675,
and was the first witness to that famous
woman's will. Rochester mentioned "the
68
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io* s. in. JAX. 28, 1005.
good Lady Sands " in one of his satires
(1678). She was buried in Westminster
Abbey, near the font, on 4 August, 1687, from
the parish of St. James, Westminster. As
she died intestate, her estate was adminis-
tered to on 15 August by Frances, Countess
Dowager of Portland, as principal creditor.
Col. Chester, in a learned note, identifies her
as a daughter of George Kirke, the notorious
Groom of the Bedchamber to King Charles II.,
by his first wife Anne, daughter of Sir Robert
Killigrew ('Westminster Abbey Registers,'
p. 218). These particulars, I regret to say,
do not appear in Peter Cunningham's ' Story
of Nell Gwyn ' (ed. 1904).
GORDON GOODWIN.
WE must request correspondents desiring in-
formation on family matters of only private interest
to affix their names and addresses to their queries,
in order that the answers may be sent to them
direct.
" PERFICIENT." In Webster's 'Dictionary,'
1828, this word is entered only as a noun,
and explained as "one who endows a
charity." Although this entry has been
taken from Webster by nearly every later
dictionary, none of these has adduced any
authority for it. We shall be obliged to
any one who can refer us to a place where
"perficient" is so used, and still more for
a quotation. "Perficient" was formerly a
common adjective; " perficient founder'" is
applied by Blackstone to the endower of an
eleemosynary corporation, just as "pious
founder" might be; but ' perficient" and
"pious," so used, are not the founder himself,
but adjectives qualifying him. No one has, I
think, shortened "a pious founder" into "a
pious " ; has any one (out of the dictionaries)
called a perficient founder "a perficient"?
J. A. H. MURRAY.
'PARADISE LOST' OF 1751. Can any of
your readers throw light upon a copy of
' Paradise Lost,' which 1 cannot identify with
any of the described editions, and which is
not, I understand, in the Catalogue of the
British Museum 1 It is a duodecimo of
350 pp., followed by an unpaged index of
subjects, of the nature of a concordance.
There are two consecutive title-pages, iden-
tical in wording, place, and date, but
differing in the order of the publishers'
names, as well as in type and quality of
paper. The first is in a clear well-cut type
on thick paper ; the second is in inferior
type on coarser paper. The title runs :
"Paradise Lost. | A Poem in Twelve Books. \
The Author | John Milton. | London MDCCLI."
But the first title-page has :
" Printed for J. & R. Tonson and S. Draper,
T. Longman, S. Birt, E. Wicksted, C. Hitch,
J. Hodges, B. Dodd, C. Corbet, J. Bdtidley
J. Oswald, and J. Ward."
The second :
"Printed for J. & R. Tonson and S. Draper
and for S. Birt, T. Lonyman, G. Hitch, J. Hodges,
B. Dod, E. Wicktted, J. Oswald, J. Ward, J.
Brindley, and C. Corbtt."
These title-pages are followed by a dedica-
tion (headed by his heraldic achievement) to
the "Right Honourable John, Lord Sommers,
Baron of Evesham," undated and unsigned ;
but as it refers to his " Lordship's encourage-
ment that occasioned the first appearing of
this Poem in the Folio Edition," his Lordship's
"ever obliged Servant" was evidently Jacob
Tonson the elder, whose sumptuous folio
edition, published by subscription in 1688,
owed much of its success to Lord Somers's
exertions.
Next comes Elijah Fenton's ' Life of
Milton' (pp. xxviii), and a postscript giving
the author's connecting lines between the
eighth and twelfth books, and some new
additions in other places of the poem.
The commendatory poems, in Latin by
Samuel Barrow, M.D., in English by Andrew
Marvel, originally prefixed to the second
edition in 1674, follow, and the paragraph
headed the 'Verse,' defending the absence
of rime.
Then come the twelve books in order,
each with the argument prefixed and with
the illustrations designed by Hayman, and
engraved by J. S. Muller, for Bishop Newton's
edition of Milton, published in 1749. There
are also numerous vignettes and tail-pieces,
as well as Vertue's portrait of Milton. The
book is in its original leather binding, and
has belonged at various dates between 1790
and 1815 to Betty Dosson and Elizabeth
Durston, of Shapwick, Somerset.
The difficulty is to reconcile the dates of
the various parts of the book. The date
1751 and Hayman's illustrations suggest
Bishop Newton's edition, but the first volume
of that, published in 1749, had a life and
elaborate notes, which this book does not
contain, nor is there anything to indicate
that it is a second or abridged edition.
Can it be a composite volume pieced
together by some collector?
J. A. HEWITT, Canon.
Cradock, S.A.
DETTINGEN TROPHIES. Salmon's 'Modern
History : or the Present State of all Nations,
io'S.m.jAx.2s,i905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
69
third edit., 1744-6, contains at vol. ii. p. 831
the following account of some of the trophies
of the British victory at Dettingen :
"List of French standards taken at the battl
near Dettingen, on the 16th of June, O.S. 1743.
'1. A white standard finely embroidered wi',1
gold and silver, a thunder-bolt in the middle, upon
a blue and white ground. Motto, Sentere Giyantes
Both sides the same.
" 2. A red standard, two hands with a sword
and with a laurel wreath and imperial crown at top
Motto, Incorrttpta Fi'fes ct- avita Virtu*. On the
other side the sun. Motto. JW p1uril>m impar.
"3. A yellow standard, embroidered with golc
and silver, the sun in the middle. No motto.
" 4. A green ditto, in the same way.
"5. The mast of another torn off, but appears to
have been red.
"6. A white standard, embroidered with goldanc
silver ; in the middle a bunch of nine arrows tiec
with a wreath, all stained with blood, the lance
broke ; the Cornet killed without falling, being
buckled behind to his horse, and his standarc
buckled to him. Motto. Alt trim Jo'i*,a}(era Tda
This standard belonged to the Musquetaires Noirs,
and was taken by a serjeant of Lieutenant General
Hawley's of the right squadron of the whole line.
"In a private letter concerning this battle, we
were told, that Sir Robert Rich's regiment having
lost their standard, a private man rode into a
squadron of French horse, sword in hand, and
retook it."
A marginal note to the last paragraph
says, " Thomas Brown of Kirkleatham,
Yorkshire."
Are these standards in existence now ?
ROBERT PIERPOINT.
ROYAL REGIMENTS OF THE LINE. What is
the origin of regiments of the army being
styled Royal Regiments ? and does the
honour carry any privileges with it ? What
is the list of Royal Regiments previous to
the introduction of the territorial designa-
tions in 1881 ? R. S. C.
ANCIENT RELIGIOUS HOUSES. Can any
reader oblige by giving some reference to two
of the above, believed to have been situated
in the county of Bucks, but not described in
the local histories viz., of Thwaites and of
Gore (or Gare), near Hanslope ? R. B.
Upton.
TYRRELL FAMILY. What object can Lips-
comb's ' Buckingham ' have in giving only
five sons to Baronet Thomas of Thornton 1
Burke's ' Extinct Baronetcies ' says " Sir
Thomas Tyrrell had six sons and four
daughters"; Foster's 'Peerage' says six
sons ; Browne Willis says " six," and observes
at the births of some Tyrrell children, " Two
leaves are cut out of the parish register "
(1735).
Again, what motive had Lipscomb, in his
1847 edition, in making Sir Charles Tyrrell
die the year of his daughter's marriage
(1755)? The Gentleman's Mariazine. The Lon-
don Magazine, and other periodicals of that
century, publish his death in January, 1749;
and the War Office lists discharged him
"dead " in 1749.
Lastly, what has become of the gravestones
off the church-vault of the Tyrrell family ?
Lysons's 'Buckingham' remarks, "Thornton
Church has been comfortably refitted, but
the antiquary will regret the removal of the
monuments." GRAY'S ELEGY.
"CUT THE LOSS." What is the origin of
the phrase ''cut the loss"? In The Standard,
Friday, 16 December, 1904, p. 5, one reads :
" The estate secured by the French Carthusians
in Cambridgeshire between Ely and Peterborough
which cost nearly 10,100A, has been abandoned
by that community as being unsuitable for their
particular agricultural requirements. The monks
were to have built a large Brother House on the
estate on their expulsion from France, and an agent
of the Brotherhood made the purchase. The Carthu-
sians are eminently practical agriculturists, and
when the advance guard appeared on the scene,
and saw the land, they decided that they could not
occupy it. They are now settled in Essex, and are
prepared to cut the loss, which is expected to be
considerable.''
E. S. DODGSON.
VERSCHOYLE : FOLDEN. I desire informa-
tion about the name Yerschoyle. It is
obviously French ; but is it the name of a
place, or a personal or Christian name ?
Folden is a surname of which I have not
been able to obtain any information, even
after consulting the latest works on the
origin of British surnames. Foulden occurs
as a place-name in England and Scotland,
and there is a Folden Fiord on the west coast
of Norway. Is the name of Scandinavian
origin ? What is its meaning ?
W. G. WlNTEMBERG.
Toronto.
" THE GENTLE SHAKESPEARE." At the risk
of being thought ignorant or stupid, may I
je allowed to give expression to some ''obsti-
nate questionings " suggested by the presence
of this epithet in the celebrated lines " to the
eader," under the portrait of William Shake-
speare (of Stratford) on the first page of the
Shakespeare Folio of 1623, and signed B. J.,
standing, of course, for Ben Jonson 1
And the first of these "questionings" is
Who was "the gentle Shakespeare" referred
to? Of course, I shall be told that he was the
original of the " figure " placed above. But,
f so, then I want to know why the term
' gentle" is applied to him. Is it as an attri-
bute of his birth, or his character and dis-
70
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io i " s. in. JAN. as, uos.
position ? If the former, how is it appro-
priate ? Did not the heralds refuse his claim
to the right of bearing arms ? And did not
Jonson himself ridicule his claim ? If the
latter, what evidence is there that he de-
served it ? Are there not indications in the
known facts concerning him that he did not?
Was he not litigious and a relentless creditor ?
And did not Jonson speak of his "saucy
jests," and Greene of his "tiger's heart
wrapped in a player's hide " ?
_ These matters seem contradictory, and give
rise to the suggestion that Jonson had some
one else in his mind when speaking of " the
gentle Shakespeare," Who was it ? Was it,
as the Baconians say, Francis Bacon, who
assumed the name of "Shakespeare," and
wrote under it as a pen-name 1 If so, does
not the meaning of the inscription become
clear, and susceptible of the following para-
phrase and interpretation (I assume that
readers have the inscription before them or
in their memory) ?
" The figure or portrait above was cut (engraved)
and inserted ^here for (instead, or in the place, of)
the Gentle Shakespeare (the Shakespeare of the
following plays Francis Bacon, who was 'gentle'
both by birth and disposition).
"In executing it the engraver endeavoured to
produce a likeness more lifelike than nature.
" could ke have drawn his wit (the Gentle
Shakespeare's) as well in brass as he has hit his
face (the features of the other), the print would
have surpassed in beauty any engraving before pro-
duced.
"But, since he cannot (or could not). Reader,
look (for that wit) not at his picture (the Stratford
man's picture), but hit book (' the Gentle Shake-
speare's ' book)."
Now, I do not think I should have ven-
tured to make these inquiries and sugges-
tions, but that I see the same view taken by
a recent writer, Mr. Pitt-Lewis, K.C., a well-
known authority on the law of evidence, who,
moreover, places side by side on the cover of
his book (' The Shakespeare Story ') the por-
traits of " Shakespeare " and Bacon, by way
of contrast, and, as it were, of antithesis,
pointing out that round the latter is printed
the legend, " Si tabula daretur digna animam
mallem" the text, as it would seem, of
Jonson's reflections on and under the other.
All these things seem to me perplexing,
and I see no way out of my perplexities at
present except through the Baconian heresy.
Can any readers of 'X. & Q.' save me from
the consequences ? JOHN HUTCHIXSON.
Middle Temple Library.
[1. " Gentle " means of a character appropriate to
good birth ; see the ' N.E.D.' Surely it was in those
days a traditional term of compliment. Is there
anything heraldic in "Gentle shepherd, tell me
where ? 2. Unless this adjective is unsuitable to
Shakespeare, the whole inscription is as clear with
the ordinary interpretation as without it clearer,
indeed, since " his " has not, to refer to two different
persons in one sentence.]
WEEPER IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS. In
that very curious book 'The Court of Cacus,'
by Alex. Leighton (1861, p. 46), reference is
made to " the weeper in the House of Com-
mons, who cried like a crocodile with his
hands in his breeches pockets." What is the
origin of this jocosity? JAMES HOOPER.
Norwich.
VERSES : AUTHOR WANTED.
The waking lark y* earely knows to draw the night
awaye
Puts in my minde the trumpe y* blowes before the
latter daye.
The... to invite the great god sent a starre,
Whose friends and nerest kin great princes are.
Who though they run the waie (?) or sin and dye,
Death seames but to refine ther maiestye.
So died the Queene and did her courte remove
ffrom this base earth to be enthronde above.
Then she is changde, not dead no good prince dies,
But onlye, like the sun, doth set to rise.
This verse, with some riming proverbs in the
same handwriting (early seventeenth cen-
tury), is on a fly-leaf of a copy of Philip
Barrough's ' Method of Phisick,' R. Field,
159G. I send it to ask if it is known.
H. H. PEACH.
37, Belvoir Street, Leicester.
" STICKPENNY." In 1601 all the inhabitants
of Cawston, Norfolk, had rights of pasture
on the common, or Common Bruery, for all
sorts of beasts, and might take heath, ling,
flags, &c., on paying the queen 13s. 4d. a
year, by the name of "Stickpenny." Else-
where it is stated that they gave lOd. yearly
for "stick pence," collected by the hey ward,
at Michaelmas. Was "stickpenny" a recog-
nized legal term? or was it peculiar to this
Norfolk parish ? JAMES HOOPER.
Norwich.
RUPERT AS A CHRISTIAN NAME. The Taller
of 26 Oct., 1904, had a picture of the German
Crown Prince and a small boy. Beneath is a
note of the family of the King of Bavaria, and
the statement that the eldest son of the Arch-
duchess Maria Theresa of Austria-Este " bears
the fine old Stuart name of Rupert." I always
thought Rupert was a German name, and I
shall be glad if any one can tell me if any of
the kingly house of Stuart ever had such a
Christian "name, except Rupert Prince Pala-
tine who can hardly be called a Stuart.
Ordinary information is one matter, but
historical accuracy is a necessity.
HERBERT SOUTHAM.
ws.m.jAx.28,1905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
71
THE ENVIED FAVOURITE.
(10 th S. ii. 505.)
ALL students of folk-lore will be grateful
to MR. KUMAGUSU MINAKATA for furnishing
what is apparently the earliest version of the
incident which may be termed ' The Foul
Breath ' occurring in the above well-known
story. The following references to various
Eastern and Western sources I give from a
collection of notes made for a work on the
subject of the origin and diffusion of the
tales in Boccaccio's ' Decameron,' which I
hope may some day see the light, and which
may perhaps be useful to the readers of
<N. &Q.'
The incident is found in the old 'Conte
Devot,' ' D'un Roi qui voulpit faire bruler le
Fils de son Senechal,' which is printed by
Meon in his ' Nouveau Recueil de Fabliaux
et Oontes Inedits des XII., XIII., XIV., et
XV. Siecles,' 2 vols., Paris, 1823, vol. ii. p. 331,
and of which an abstract is given by Legrand
in his 'Fabliaux ou Contes,' tc., third ed.,
1829, vol. v. p. 56. Here the master of the
king's sons causes enmity with the king, who
has adopted the son of the seneschal, by
telling the youth that the king complained of
his breath, and that when he served the king
he must turn his head. He does so, and the
king, noticing his altered demeanour, asks
of the master the cause ; he is informed that
the youth is obliged to do so owing to his
(the king's} offensive breath, as the youth
alleged. The king accordingly resolves to
have him burnt to death, &c.
It is also found to the same effect in
the old Italian collection of stories called the
' Cento Novelle Antiche, 1 but only in the
edition of Borghini of 1572, where it forms
the sixty-eighth. It does not occur in the
edition of Gualterrazi, and was apparently
taken by Borghini from ' Libro di Miracoli
di nostra Donna' to make up the number of
the 'Novelle' to 100. (See 'Le Novelle
Antiche,' edited by Guido Biagi, Firenze,
1880, p. 245.)
We also find it told of the Emperor Martin
and his nephew Fulgentius in No. 98 of the
English ' Gesta Romanorum,' of which an
analysis will be found in Douce's 'Illustra-
tions to Shakespeare,' p. 565 of the edition
in one volume, 1839. The story itself may
be found in the introduction to Swan's trans-
lation of the Latin text at p. 1 of the edition
in one volume published in " Bohn's Library " ;
and it forms the seventieth of the English
'Gesta' as edited by Herrtage for the Early
English Text Society, and is also given in
Latin in Oesterley's edition of the ' Gesta,'
where it is No. 283, appendix 87, p. 688, in
the notes to which, p. 749, will be found a
large number of parallels for which no space
can be found here, and most of which
relate, not to the particular incident of the
offensive breath, but only to the story of the
treacherous man who. seeking to encompass
the death of some one else, is himself killed.
It is also stated to be in the ' Summa Pre-
dicantia' of Bromyard, 'Invidia,' I. vi. 26,
and in the ' Liber de Donis ' of Etienne de
Borbonne, the references to which I am unable
at present to check. Clouston, in his 'Popu-
lar Tales and Fictions,' vol. ii. p. 444, states
that it is in the ' Anecdotes Chretiennes de
1'Abbe Reyre '; and Douce, in his ' Illustra-
tions,' &c., refers to the ' Patraiias de Timo-
neda,' pat. 17, and says it is reproduced by
Minsheu in his address before his ' Spanish
Grammar,' 1623. The above references I
regret I am unable at the moment to verify.
It also forms an incident in the 'Nugse
Curialium' of Walter Mapes, ob. 1182, ' De
Contrarietate Parii et Lausi,' dist. iii. cap. iii.
pp. 124-31 of the edition of that work by
Wright, published for the Camden Society,
1850.
It is told very shortly in ' Dialogus Crea-
turum,' dial. 120, of Nicolaus Pergamenus,
an Italian physician of Milan, named May no
de' Mayneri, born between 1290 and 1295.
(See an article by Pio Rajna in the Giornale
Storico delta Litteratura Italiana, iii. i. x. 42,
and afterwards published separately under
the title of 'Intorno al Cosidetto Dialogus
Creaturum ed al suo Autore,' Turin, 1888;
see also p. Ixxxiv of 'Exempla' of Jacques
de Vitry, edited by T. F. Crane, 1890.)
It will be found at p. 276 of the edition of
Diebeiden altesten lateinischenFabelbiicher
des Mittelalters, des Bischofs Cyrillus Specu-
lum Sapientine und des Nicolaus Pergamenus
Dialogus Creaturum, herausgegeben von Dr.
J. C. Th. Graesse," 1880 (Stuttgart, Litter.
Vereins). Here it is told of the emperor's
tailor, who says the barber complains of the
emperor's breath when he is shaving the
latter.
The tale also belongs to the East, for it is
the lady's twenty-second tale in the collec-
tion of tales called ' The Forty Vazirs of
Sheykh-Zada ' (p. 239 of the complete trans-
lation in English by E. J. W. Gibb, 18F6).
Here the king is told that his favourite
courtier said that he had leprosy, in proof of
which he would see that the courtier avoided
the king's breath. The next day the courtier
is given a dish flavoured with garlic, and told
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io i " s. in. JAX. 28, iocs.
that when he approaches the king he must
hold his sleeve to his mouth, as the king
dislikes the smell of garlic.
Similarly it is told of the King of Africa
and his vezirs in Clouston's ' Persian Tales,'
1892, p. 49, taken from ' Mahbub al Kalub,'
or ' Delight of Hearts.' Here also the king
is told by a dervish that his vezir says he
(the king) has foul breath, and the vezir is
given a dish of garlic and told to keep at a
distance from the king because he dislikes
garlic.
According to Clouston ('Popular Tales,' &c.,
vol. ii. p. 44), the tale is also found orally in
North Africa in the ' Contes de la Kabillie '
(Riviere's French collection).
There is an Indian version given by Ver-
niew in his 'The Hermit of Motee Jhurna,
also Indian Tales and Anecdotes,' Calcutta,
1873 (Clouston's 'Persian Tales,' 124, and his
'Popular Tales,' &c., ii. 450). In this a fakir
is told he must not approach his face too
near the king when speaking to him as it is
disrespectful, and the king is informed the
fakir averts his face so that the king should
not observe his drunken habits.
In all the above tales the incident forms
part of the story of how it is sought to
encompass the disgrace of a favourite. In
the following it is a device of a wife to obtain,
at her lover's bidding, a token from her
husband as a proof of her affection for her
lover. In this form it seems to be first found
in the ' Exempla ' of Jacques de Vitry, who
was born before 1180, and died in 1240. The
story is exempla ccxlviii., and according to
the analysis given by Mr. Crane in his
admirable edition of the 'Exempla,' published
for the Folk-Lore Society in 1890, it is as
follows : A wicked woman, when she wished
to see her lover, used to tell her husband that
he was ill and must not leave his bed until
she returned. The husband believed every-
thing she said and obeyed her. One day
she told her lover that she was more fond
of him than of her husband. The lover
demanded as the proof of this that she should
bring him her husband's best tooth. On her
return to her home she began to weep and
feign sadness. When her husband asked her
what was the matter she said she did not
dare to^tell him. Finally she yielded to his
entreaties and told him she could not endure
his foul breath. He was surprised and
grieved, and said, " Why did you not tell
me ? Is there any remedy for it 1 " She
replied that the only remedy was to have
the tooth from which the offensive odour
proceeded extracted. He followed her advice,
and had drawn a good and sound tooth, which
she pointed out, and which she took at once
and carried to her lover. This story, it may
be mentioned, is one of those given by
Wright in his 'Latin Stories' (Camden
Society), although he does not mention Vitry
as the author.
The story of the extraction of the tooth by
a ruse of the wife also forms the subject of
the well-known " cycle " story, the framework
of which is that three women find a ring or a-
jewel, and agree that it shall belong to the
one that plays the best trick on her husband.
In the ' Mambriano ' of Francesco Bello, called
" II Cieco da Ferrara," who flourished at the
end of the fifteenth century and the begin-
ning of the sixteenth, it forms the trick
of the second woman in canto xxv. stanza 7,
canto xxv. stanza 92, and this is followed by
Malespini in his ' Ducento Novelle,' part iii.
No. 95. (See the excellent monograph on
this subject, "Novelle del Mambriano del
Cieco da Ferrara, esposte ed illustrate da
Giuseppe Rua, Torino, 1888," 105 ; also Lieb-
recht, 'Zur Volkskunde,' Heilbronn, 1879,
p. 124 et seq.) It also occurs in a 'Favola'
of Flaminion Scala ('Theatro delle Favolfr
Rappresentative,' &c., Venezia, MDCXI., gior-
nata xx., ' Li Duo Fidi Notari ' (quoted by
Rua, op. cit., 116).
This cycle story has also passed into the-
popular fiction of Italy, and can be found in
" Fiabe, Novelle e Racconti Popolari, raccolti
ed illustrati da G. Pitre," Palermo, 1875,
vol. iii. p. 255, No. clxvi., under the title of
'Li Tri Cumpari' ('The Three Gossips '),
where it also forms one of the three tricks-
played by the women on their husbands.
The story from Vitry bears a striking
likeness to the ninth of the seventh day of
Boccaccio's 'Decameron,' where one of the
promises made by Lidia to her lover Pyrrhus
was to obtain one of her husband's teeth,
which she accomplishes by telling his page*
to turn away their heads when serving him
as he disliked their bad breath, and then
telling the husband they did so on account
of his bad breath caused by a decayed tooth.
There is a Latin poem called ' Comedia
Lidise,' which is attributed to Matthieu de-
Vendome (who flourished at the end of the-
twelfth century) and which is very similar
to the tale in the 'Decameron,' as it con-
tains not only the above ruse of the wife, but
also the other tests imposed on the wife
by her lover which are contained in the-
' Decameron,' but which do not, however,
oncern us here. It will be found printed in
Edelestand du Meril, ' Poesies Inedites du
Moyen Age,' Paris, 1854, p. 350 else/]., from
a MS. in the Royal Library of Vienna,
s. in. JAX. 28, 1905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
73-
No. 312. Du Meril says (p. 350), " The first
verse prevents us from attributing it to any
other writer" (i.e., than Matthieu de Ven-
dorne). If this were so, it would seem to
be unquestionably the source of Boccaccio's
tale ; but the ascription of it to Matthieu de
Vendorne is, notwithstanding what Du Meril
says, anything but certain, and until his
assertion can be proved it seems far more
likely that the poem was derived from
Boccaccio than the reverse.
It may, perhaps, be worth mention that
there is a curious converse form of the story
in Nicholai Pergami, ' Dial.,' 78 (p. 223 of the
edition cited), where a young and virtuous
wife does not tell her husband of his breath
being offensive, as she did not know but that
all men were alike in this respect.
The story in this last-mentioned form will
be also found, but in a more extended form, j
in the seventh of the 'Novelle Inedite di
Giovanni Sercambi,' 'De Puritate' ("C/olle-
zione di Operette Inedite e Kara Pubblicata
della Libreria Dante in Firenze"); and it also
is to be found in ' Hieronym. advers. Jovi-
nium,' i. 27, which is quoted by Prof. Ales-
sand ro d'Ancona in his notes, p. 70, to the
above-mentioned edition of Sercambi.
A. COLLINGWOOD LEE.
Waltham Abbey.
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES ON DICKENS AND
THACKERAY (10 th S. iii. 22). The absence, j
noted by COL. PRIDEAUX, of reference to the ]
opera of ' The Mountain Sylph ' by writers on
Thackeray, is owing to the fact that there is
no occasion for any. The opera was written,
not by William Makepeace, but by T. J.,
Thackeray. I have no knowledge of their
relationship, or of the names represented by
the initials. My information as to the point
in question, namely, the connexion of W. M.
Thackeray with 'The Mountain Sylph,' is
derived from my father-in-law, the late John
Barnett, who composed the music, and from
the title-page of the pianoforte arrangement
of the songs. E. E. FRANCILLON.
In his interesting notes from The Carlton
Chronicle scrap-book, COL. PRIDEAUX quotes
"See Thwackaway's 'Mountain Sylph,' " and
goes on to say that this opera has been
ignored by writers on Thackeray. As I have
pointed out in another place, it has been so
ignored because it was the work not of W. M.,
but of T. J. Thackeray. ' The Mountain Sylph '
libretto by T. J. Thackeray and music by
John Barnett was produced at the English
Opera-House (Lyceum Theatre) in August,
1834. The opera was highly praised in The
Athenaeum at the time of its production,.
though the critic consistently spelt the
librettist's name "Thackwray"; it will alsa
be found dealt with under Barnett in Grove's-
'Dictionary.' WALTER JERROLD.
Hampton-on-Thames.
BRIDGES, A WINCHESTER COMMONER (10 th S,
iii. 7). This Commoner, who was admitted in
the autumn of 1837, was evidently distinct
from William Thomas Bridges, the Scholar
mentioned by MR. WAINEWRIGHT. Both boys
appear on the school "Long Koll" dated
11 November, 1837, but unfortunately by
their surnames only. The practice of printing
Christian names as well as surnames on the
Roll was not introduced until 1854. H. C.
SIR T. CORNWALLIS (10 th S. iii. 29). I have
a most remarkable document, partly in print
and partly in MS., dated " the last day of
July," 1604, explaining in a most friendly
manner how and why King James I. was
horribly hard up. It appears to be a warrant
to "Sir Charles Cormvallis Knight whom we
have appcjinted to be our collector in our
Countie of Norfolk " to raise forced (?) loans
of 20. each, to be repaid on 24 March, 1605.
It is signed by Thomas Kerry, accepted
rather like a bill by one Thps. Welch, and
the receipt of the 20. is signed Charles
Cornwalys and dated 13 October, 1604. It
is finely printed in court hand.
EDWARD HERON-ALLEN.
TARLETON, THE SIGN OF " THE TABOR,"
ST. BENNET'S CHURCH (10 th S. iii. 7, 55). As
the distinguishing marks of Patch the fool
were his fantastic costume and his bauble, so
the wandering clown mounted his platform
to the strumming of his tabor, from which
he was inseparable. Hence the probabilities
are all in favour of the sign of Dick Tarleton,
actor and clown, having been " The Tabor "
and not " The Saba," although " The Saba "
is printed, I believe, in an early edition of
Tarleton's 'Jests,' where, however, its point-
lessness compared with " The Tabor "
suggests that it is a misprint for the latter.
In the passage in 'Twelfth Night^' _ quoted by
QUIRINUS the clown's reply to Viola's ques-
tion, " Dost thou live by the tabor 1 " imputes
a second possible interpretation of the-
question, namely, ff Dost thou live by [the-
sign of] the tabor 1 ?" Viola's real meaning
having been " Dost thou gain thy living in the
calling of which the tabor is the symbol 1 "
St. Benet's Church, Gracechurch Street,
was one of the twenty-nine City churches-
pointed out in 1854 for erasement. It was
completed by Wren in 1685. Daniel), in his
NOTES AND QUERIES. [10* s. in. JAN. 28, 1005.
'London Churches,' says that the church
stood at the corner of Fenchurch Street and
Gracecharch Street. It was a living united
with that of St. Leonard, Eastcheap. The
church was curiously planned, like many
others of Wren's churches, to fill every inch
of an irregular site.
J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.
MARRIAGE SERVICE (10 th S. iii. 7). See the
notes on matrimony, by the Rev. F. E.
Warren, in the 'Prayer-Book Commentary
for Teachers and Students, containing His-
torical Introduction, Notes on the Calendar
and Services, together with Complete Con-
cordances to the Prayer-Book and Psalter'
((Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge).
F. E. R. POLLARD-URQUHART.
Castle Pollard. Westmeath.
The Rev. J. H. Blunt, in his ' Annotated
Book of Common Prayer,' says (p. 261), "Our
English office " (for the solemnization of
matrimony) "is substantially the same as
the old Latin one "; and he gives, in parallel
columns, the present service side by side
with the Salisbury "Use," which it closely
follows, with a portion here and there from
the York "Use": an instance of the careful
way in which the Prayer-Book was founded
on ancient service books already in use in
England. ERNEST B. SAVAGE, F.S.A.
St. Thomas', Douglas.
The greater part of our service of matri-
mony is taken from the unreformed service
books, Use of Sarum and of York. Part of
the opening address and the announcement
beginning, "Forasmuch as M. and N. have
consented together in holy wedlock," were
suggested by words of Hermann's ' Consulta-
tions,' mainly compiled by Melanchthon and
Bucer, 1543. The Sarum Use was revised
by St. Osmund, Bishop of Salisbury, about
4085, probably from Anglo-Saxon devotions.
F. FABER-BROWNE.
"The service is taken in substance from the old
Office in the Sarum Manual, omitting the formal
Benediction of the Ring, and the special form of
the Nuptial Mass immediately following the service.
In the old service the opening exhortation, the
questions and answers, the words of betrothal,
and the words on putting on the ring were always
in English. Some of the hortatory portions are
borrowed, as usual, from Hermann's ' Consultatio.' "
Bp. Barry's ' Teacher's Prayer-Book.'
See also 'The Old Service Books of the
English Church,' by C. Wordsworth and H.
Littlehales (Methuen, 1904), chap, ii., where
specimens of the English portions of the old
service are given.
(Rev.) FRED. G. ACKERLEY.
Liban, Russia.
COMET c. 1580 (10 th S. iii. 8). I am obliged
to head this reply as MR. WARD has headed
his query. But the literal part of the desig-
nation is quite unnecessary, as there was
only one comet recorded in that year. It
was first seen in China on 1 October, and
also discovered by Mostlin at Tubingen on
the 2nd. Tycho Brahe obtained a series of
observations of the comet from 10 October
to 12 December, and its orbit was calculated
by Halley, and afterwards by others ; no de-
viation from a parabola was noticed, and the
perihelion passage occurred on 28 November.
W. T. LYNN.
Blackheath.
In reply to MR. C. S. WARD, I find that
this comet was discovered in China. It
was visible from 2 October to 12 December,
1580. The orbit was computed by Schjellerup.
Perihelion passage, 28 November, 1580. Large
eccentricity. Very long period ; perhaps
over 9,000 years. But, of course, the orbit
may not be elliptical. J. ELLARD GORE.
"AN OLD WOMAN WENT TO MARKET" (10 Ul S.
ii. 502 : iii. 10). This story has been dealt with
previously in ' N. & Q.,' and the probable
origin from " A kid, a kid ! " in the Jewish
service book pointed out in this and other
journals. It is upwards of fifty years since
I first heard this story of ' The Old Woman
and the Pig which wouldn't go o'er th' Brig.'
Until reading MR. WATSON'S contribution, I
was not aware that it was a stile the pig
wouldn't go over ; and, indeed, before a pig
could pass over a stile it would be necessary
for it to have an acrobatic training.
In the Derbyshire version it was a " brig "
which the pig would not go over, and
children were told that it was because of the
" devil that was in it " ! Indeed, the tale as
I heard it when a child had a good deal of
the uncanny about it, and I can remember
that the folks of the villages in which I
first heard the story were of the opinion
that evil and good were matched against each
other in it ; though this was not said, but
implied in their talk about it.
The old woman had duly bought her pig,
and had driven it home almost as far as the
" brig " near her home, when the pig, piglike,
refused to go any further, and began to head
backwards. A dog coming near, she appealed
to it, " Dog, dog, bite pig ; pig wunner goo
o'er th' brig, an' Ah shonner get home to-
night ! " Nothing was heard about her old
man's supper, either in the first appeal or in
any of the following requests to dog, stick,
axe, fire, water, ox, butcher, rope, rat, cat,
and man. It will be noticed that in the
s. in. JAN. 28, 1905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
75
Derbyshire story, told as I learnt it, an axe
is appealed to, and lastly a man. The old
woman had appealed to everything as far as
the cat, which, like the rest, would not, nor was
there mention of milk in a saucer as an
inducement to the cat to kill the rat. Just
then a man in white appeared, and to him
the old woman appealed. The man spoke to
the cat, which began to kill the rat, the rat
to gnaw rope, rope to hang butcher, butcher
to kill the ox, ox to drink the water, water
to slack the fire, fire to burn the axe, axe to
chop the stick, stick to beat the dog, dog to
bite the pig, pig to run o'er th' brig, "an 1 so
th' owd woman got home that night." I
remember the children used to make a ring,
and as they rattled off " the cat began to kill
the rat," &c., danced round merrily. The
most interesting bit in the story, as told in
Derbyshire to me and other children, was
that the man was Christ Himself.
THOS. RATCLIFFE.
Worksop.
MAYERS' SONG (10 th IS. i. 7 ; ii. 512). Some
seventeen or eighteen years ago, when this
subject was engaging the attention of the
readers of Northamptonshire Notes and
Queries, I contributed to the second volume
of that now defunct magazine the words and
music of the Mayers' song formerly in vogue
in this village. Bearing this in mind, on
reading the question propounded in 'N. &, Q. ;
by MR. GERISH I wrote to that gentleman
direct, asking if a -copy of this melody would
be of any service to him. On receiving a
reply in the affirmative, I at once supplied
him with a harmonized setting. I did not
reply to the question through ' N. & Q.,' as
I deemed that its columns were not open to
the printing of notation. Should MR. WAINE-
WRIGHT also desire a copy of this melody I
will gladly send him ona
I have many versions by me of the old May
carol. These invariably give the fourth line
quoted as
For fear we die in sin
or
Or else we die in sin.
I think therefore the word " should " has got
inserted by some scribe in error. Hone's
version, as follows, seems to be most gene-
rally used :
ISemewiber us poor Mayers all,
And thus we do begin
To lead our lives in righteousness,
Or else we die in sin.
JOHN T. PAGE.
West Haddon, Northamptonshire.
AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (10 th S.
iii. 8). For " As in a gravegarth," &c., see
' X.E.D.,' 8.v. " Grave, sb. 1 5. attrib. and comb.,"
-"1880, Rossetti, 'Ballads and Sonn.,' 273"
(the passage inquired for is the only example
given). C. P. PHINN.
Watford.
' SARUM" (10 th S. ii. 445, 496 ; iii. 37). The
second word in the second line of Q. V.'s note,
to which he refers me, is "delusion," the
delusion being "that Sar, with a stroke
through the tail of the r, stands for Saruni."
I fear that I am still under this delusion ;
for I am inclined to maintain that Sar, " with
a stroke through the tail of the ?," must
stand for Sarum, and for nothing else. Sar',
I allow, may stand for Saresburia, or Sara, or
any word that begins with those letters.
Unfortunately I was not in time to correct
my reply at p. 49G of the last volume. The
stroke which I had written through the tail
of my } was turned into an apostrophe above
it. S. G. HAMILTON.
POLICE UNIFORMS : OMNIBUSES (10 th S. iii.
29). Mr. Punch's Almanack for 1862 shows
us the old police uniform cutaway coat,
white ducks, and "topper." During 1863,
according to the same authority, the white
trousers seem to have disappeared ; while
early in 1864 the force is pictured in a
substantial coat of the modern pattern. The
extinction of the " topper " by the helmet
clearly took place in 1864. In that year
Tenniel twice drew John Bull in the habit
of a policeman. On 14 May we find him in
a top hat, and on 29 October in the helmet
which, with certain modifications, has
endured to the present day. In his issue
of 25 February, 1865, Mr. Punch pokes fun,
both verbal and pictorial, at "Robert's" new
headgear. LIONEL MONCKTON.
69, Russell Square, W.C.
The present form of omnibus became uni-
versal between January, 1880, and December,
1888. I left England at the former date,
when tram-omnibuses, as I heard them called,
were extremely rare, and found them universal
on my return early in 1889. Doors were
;aken off omnibuses about 1880. The ticket
system now in vogue came into use by the
LG.O.C. in January, 1891, but had been used
3y trams and the Star Omnibus Company
some time previously. Within the last few
years I have tried to invite materials for a
aibliography of the omnibus in ' N. & Q.'
9 th S, Index). EDWARD HERON-ALLEN.
As to the former query I refer MR. PHILIP
NORTH to the pages of The Illustrated London
News.
As to omnibuses with doors, these were plying
76
NOTES AND QUERIES, [io< s. m. JAN. 2s, 1005.
in many parts of this city up to a dozen years
ago. The method of opening and closing the
doors was somewhat ingenious. There was
no conductor, and passengers were supposed
to place their fares in a box with a glass
front placed at the remote end of the bus.
Immediately under the driver's feet was a j
wooden arrangement of the nature of a lever,
to which was attached a strap. This strap
went along the top of the bus (inside) and
was fastened to the top of the door. To open
the door the driver took his foot from the
" brake," and the door flew open ; to close the
door he would again press the lever with his
foot. CHAS. F. FORSHAW, LL.D.
Baltimore House, Bradford.
1 take the following from a diary of 1845:
" When we landed [at Aberdeen], poor dear papa
had great difficulty in getting a minibus, and grand- j
mama was so ill, he thought, after we got into the I
minibus, he must have stopped it and got a doctor." I
" Mamma and my sister and brother came to meet
us in a minibus at Granton Pier [Edinburgh], but
as they were a little late, we were already out of
the boat into the omnibus; however, my mother
came to the door, and my beloved papa gave me
out to her, and followed with the luggage."
" It poured a deluge of rain, and my dearest
papa hired a minibus, and took us to call on Mrs.
Hay and Miss Monro, also some shopping."
Edinburgh, 7 March, 1846 :
"My sister and I went in a minibus with mama
to Major Hope's, at Seatield, where we had lunch."
According to the above, " minibus " would
appear to have been the then name for a cab,
and to be distinct from "omnibus."
In New York in 1870 omnibuses had doors,
to which was attached a strap, the other end
of which was fastened to the driver's foot, so
that he might be aware of the ingress or
egress of any passenger, there being no guard.
II. BARCLAY-ALLARDICE.
Lostwithiel.
MAZE AT SEVILLE (10 th S. ii. 508 ; iii. 54).
From the vantage ground of an English sick-
bed it gives me exquisite pleasure to look
down on the lines of the little maze in the
pavilion at the Alcazar in Seville. This I
am enabled to do by the kindness of your
correspondent A. F. G., to whom I feel very
grateful. The brotherhood of 'N. & Q.' is
a good and excellent thing ; but that needs
no insistence from ST. SWITHIN.
BLOOD USED IN BUILDING (10 th S. ii. 389,
455 ; iii. 34). It was not sugar, in the
English sense of the terra, that the natives
of India used, and use, for hardening their
mortar, but jaggery, an exudation of the
palm tree, from which sugar can be, and in
many places is, made. Probably the very
matter which makes it useful in hardening
mortar is extracted when the sugar of com-
merce is produced. The spire of St. Mary's,
Fort St. George, was built with mortar
hardenedinthisway. Thisison record (see'The
Church in Madras,' p. 394). There can be
no doubt that it was the custom at that time
(1794) for the Company's engineers to use
jaggery. At the present day it is regarded
as an unscientific method ; but the natives
continue the use of it. FRANK PENNY.
I doubt whether blood would be used in
building for any but superstitious reasons.
The explanation of its supposed use in
ancient buildings given by DE. BRUSHFIELD
is probably correct. Many years ago I was
engaged in experiments, for the Public Works
Department of the Madras Presidency, on
the amelioration of the very unsatisfactory
mortar made from the fat lime of Southern
India : that is to say, with lime from shells,
chalk, or other pure forms of limestone. Such
mortar has very little strength, and even
that is only acquired by drying ; but if the
lime, before the addition of sand, be mixed
with two or three parts of pounded brick
(surkhi) it makes a cement which not only
gives a mortar of great strength, for
masonry, for concrete work, or for plastering,
but also becomes strongly hydraulic, its
tenacity being greatly increased if it sets
under water, or is otherwise kept wet. The
light brick colour of this mortar would very
possibly be attributed by persons ignorant of
its composition and fond of the marvellous
to an admixture with blood. This cheap and
strong hydraulic mortar was used by the
Pvomans, pounded brick being used when
natural puzzolana was not obtainable. The
Indian builders of old used it with great
success.
A question having been asked about the
use of sugar for the improvement of mortar
and plaster, I may mention that the Pro-
ceedings of the Madras Government, Public
Works Department, for 1875, contains, with
an account of i\\Q surkhi mortar experiments,
that of some investigations on the strength
of fat-lime mortars made with the addition
of some other substances ; among them the
effect of sugar was considered. It was found
to improve somewhat the strength of mortar
and plaster made from fat lime, but the
results were very poor compared to those of
surkhi mortar, and the sugar mortar is quite
devoid of hydraulic quality.
With regard to a statement that blood
is used in South Africa to keep earth floors
hard, it is possible that it might have that
10-s. m. JAX. as, iocs.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
77
effect, especially if it were the serum only of
the blood which was used. In England the
blood collected in the large slaughter-houses is
sent in casks to factories, where its serum is
separated and dried, thus producing albumen
for sizing and other purposes. While it is
to be hoped that this albumen does not take
the place of egg-albumen for confectionery,
yet it might make a good glazing material
for an earth-floor. Blood-albumen sounds
less pleasant, and it is possible that a floor
glazed with it might afford as fine a culture-
medium for the tetanus microbe as the
downy earth-floors of St. Kilda. In India
the earth floors almost always used in
native houses, and well adapted to bare feet,
are kept hard and clean by a periodical
wash of cow-dung made fluid with water.
When this has dried, the floor has become
coated with a mixture of straw-fibre which
binds the surface and some biliary matters
which drive away fleas, thus keeping the
floor in good and comfortable condition.
The use of blood for the purpose would, one
might suppose, be rather favourable to insect
life. EDWARD NICHOLSON.
Liverpool.
DR. BUROHELL'S DIARY AND COLLECTIONS
(10 th S. ii. 486). Dr. W. J. Burchell's library,
botanical and general, was sold at Messrs.
Foster's, 54, Pall Mall, 5 Dec., 1865. PROF.
POULTON should call and ask Messrs. Foster
if he may see the sale catalogue; or I would
lend him my copy. W. ROBERTS.
47, Lansdowne Gardens, Clapham, S.W.
NELSON IN FICTION (10 th S. iii. 26). In
response to MR. JAMES HOOPER'S suggestion
I offer the following list of novels and tales
" dealing with Nelson and his times, directly
or indirectly ":
By Conduct and Courage. G. A. Henty. Battle
of Cape St. Vincent, &c.
In Press Gang Days. Edgar Pickering. Battle
of the Nile.
At Aboukir and Acre. G. A. Henty. Battle of
the Nile.
Afloat with Nelson. C. H. Eden. Nile to Tra-
falgar.
The Admiral. Douglas Sla.deu. 1798-9.
The Vice- Admiral of the Blue. Roland B. Moli-
neux (pub. U.S.)- Naples and London (Hardy, Lady
Hamilton, <fcc.).
The Extraordinary Confessions of Diana Please.
Bernard Capes. Naples, 1798-9 (Lady Hamilton,
&.C.).
When George III. was King. Amyot Sagon.
Time of Nelson (Cornwalll.
A Friend of Nelson. Horace G. Hutchinson.
Sussex in 1801-15 period.
Springhaven. R. D. Blackmore. Trafalgar.
Trafalgar. B. Pcrex Galdus (trans.)- Ditto.
England Expects. Frederick Harrison. Ditto.
Nelson's Yankee Boy. Costello (pub. U.S ).
Trafalgar.
With the Sea Kings. F. H. Winder. Ditto.
'Twas in Trafalgar's Bay. Walter Besant and
James Rice. Dorset, 1805 (short story).
The Commander of the Hirondelle. W. H. Fit-
chett. Nelson and his times.
Chris Cunningham. Gordon Stables. Ditto.
Hearts of Oak. Gordon Stables. Ditto.
His Majesty's Sloop Diamond Rock. H. S.
Huntingdon (pub. U.S.). Ditto.
Diana's Crescent. Miss Manning (op.). Ditto.
The following depict maritime life in the
days of Nelson, i.e., from late eighteenth to
early nineteenth century :
Ben Brace. Capt. F. Chamier.
Frank Mildmay. Capt. Marryat.
King's Own. Ditto.
Mr. Midshipman Easy. Ditto.
The Fire Ships. W. H. G. Kingston.
Ben Burton. Ditto.
The Log of a Privateersman. " H. Collingwood"
(W. J. C. Lancaster).
Under the Meteor Flag. Ditto.
The Death Ship. W. Clark Russell.
Uncle Bart. G. Manville Fenn.
As We Sweep through the Deep. Gordon Stables.
Unless I am mistaken, the above lists will
be found to include very nearly all the fiction
(of any note or bulk) which deals with the
great admiral. JONATHAN NIELD.
ALGONQUIN ELEMENT IN ENGLISH (10 th S. ii.
422 ; iii. 34). In reply to DR. KRUEGER,
there is no etymological connexion between
woodchuck, the bird, and woodchuck or wood-
shock, the quadruped. The former may have
influenced the orthography of the latter,
which is corrupted from a Cree word,
variously written by different authorities,
but most correctly ivuchak (see Watkins,
'Cree Dictionary,' 1865). Other Algonquin
dialects have similar names for this animal.
Roger Williams gives the Narragansett
equivalent as ockqutchaun : compare also
Abenaki agaskw, Shawnee ochaikah, Odjib-
way ojeeg. This last is unaccountably
omitted from the glossary to Longfellow's
' Hiawatha,' although used in canto xvi. :
He was telling them the story
Of Ojeeg, the Summer-Maker,
How he made a hole in heaven,
How he climbed up into heaven,
And let out the summer-weather,
The perpetual, pleasant Summer.
J. PLATT, Jun.
"BROKEN HEART" (10 th S. iii. 9). This
expression is not always " metaphorical " ; it
is sometimes literally true. A short pamphlet
was published last year, by the Society for
Promoting Christian Knowledge, on 'The
Physical Cause of the Death of Christ.' It
is written by Dr. E. Symes Thompson, and I
think all will agree that what he says on
78
NOTES AND QUERIES. [10* s. m. JAX. as, 1905.
matters connected with his profession comes
with authority. He draws attention to a
treatise, with the same title, written by Dr.
Stroud, and published in 1846. I will not
quote largely from the pamphlet, which deals
with a subject too solemn for the pages of
' N. & Q.' ; but the following bears directly
upon the query :
"The actual cause [of our Lord's death] was
agony of mind, producing rupture of the heart.
Mental shock, whether of sorrow or of joy, has
frequently occasioned sudden death, and rupture
of the heart has been observed not, as might have
been supposed, to occur when the tissues of the heart
are degenerated, but when nothing has previously
occurred to impair their strength. It is only strong
muscle that undergoes rupture from the energy of
its own contraction. It is not the auricle that
ruptures, nor the thin right ventricle, but the
thick -walled left ventricle, which, contracting
violently upon its contents, the blood being unable
to escape with sufficient rapidity through the
aorta, and the valves being perfect, the blood reacts
upon the ventricular wall, which is torn at the
point of least resistance and the blood escapes into
the pericardium. But two instances of this have
fallen under my own observation." Pp. 12, 13.
And again :
" It is probable that some of the deaths that have
occurred as a consequence of severe shock, fright,
or excessive joy may have been caused by cardiac
rupture rather than mere syncope, asystote, or
nerve shock." P. 14.
The pamphlet seems to have been first given
as an address to the members of the Guild
of St. Luke, by Dr. Symes Thompson when
he was Provost of the Guild.
ERNEST B. SAVAGE, F.S.A.
A broken heart is by no means a mere
metaphorical locution that has no foundation
in fact. The affection is believed to have
been first described by Harvey ; but since
his day several cases have been recorded, for
which see ' N. & Q.,' 2 nd S. i. 432, 497 ; also
Dr. Townsend's ' Cyclop, of Practical Medi-
cine' ; and other authorities cited in Timbs's
'Things not Generally Known,' Second
Series, 1861, p. 174.
J. HOLDEN MAcMlCHAEL.
[MR. E. H. COLEMAN refers to 3 va S. x. 514.]
ALLAN RAMSAY (10 th S. ii. 386). Mr. Gosse
has very kindly written to me regarding the
note at the above reference. He says that
probably a line has fallen out in the para-
graph which he devotes to Ramsay in
4 English Literature : an Illustrated Record.'
The sentence to which I drew attention was :
" In 1725 he published his best work, the
excellently sustained pastoral play of ' The
Gentle Shepherd,' the life of Ramsay." I
ventured an exposition of the phrase that is
thus made to follow the title of the poem,
but Mr. Gosse's suggestion makes speculation
on the subject absolutely unnecessary. The
sentence, he says, must represent two sen-
tences of his MS., the first ending with the
word "Shepherd," and the second running
somewhat thus : " [Little else occurred to
mark] the life of Ramsay." This at once
dispels the difficulty presented by the text as
it stands, and invests the movement with the
ease and lucidity that are familiar charac-
teristics of Mr. Gosse's graceful style.
THOMAS BAYNE.
"HUMANUM EST ERRARE" (10 th S. i. 389,
512 ; ii. 57, 293, 351). There is a yet earlier-
instance of this saying in the collection of
'Adagia' by Gilbertus Cognatus (Gilbert
Cousin of Nozeray, 1506-67), included in later
editions of Erasmus's great work. See p. 518*
of Grynseus's 1629 ed., where, under the
general section ' Morum Contagio,' may be-
seen, in the part from Cognatus,
"Errare humanum est.
"Seneca lib. 4. Declam. 3. Pater, inquit, hu-
manum est errare. Vulgo hodie ita profertur :
Humanum est, peccare : sed perseuerare, diaboli-
cum."
The words in the elder Seneca are " Per
humanos, inquit, errores" (quoted by MR.
SONNENSCHEIN, 10 th S. i. 512).
On referring to Mr. King's book (No. 667,
"Errare humanum est") I notice that,
although he draws from the ' Adagia,' he
still gives Polignac as the source of " Errare
humanum est, :; and suggests that Cic.. ' Phil./
12, 2, 5, may be the source of the med. prov.
"Humanum diabolicum." Surely its more
immediate derivation is from Augustine,
' Serm.,' 164, 14 (see 9 th S. xii. 62), " Humanum
fuit errare, diabolicum est in errore
manere." To escape this latter condemnation
myself may I point out that, presumably
owing to a 'slip of my pen, at 10 th S. ii. 293,
under " Humanum est errare," " saltern
hominis non est " was printed instead of
" saltern hominis est " 1 EDWARD BENSLY.
The University, Adelaide, S. Australia.
" BROACH " OR " BUOOCH " (10 th S. iii. 28).
This subject was fully discussed at 4 th S. iii. 286,
371, 446. Many examples of the two forms
of spelling the same word will be found in
Nares's ' Glossary ' and Annandale's ' Imperial
Dictionary.' EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.
71, Brecknock Road.
In the matter of Tennyson's spelling, I
quote, perhaps, a more cogent case :
So Lawrence Aylmer, seated on a style
In the long hedge, ' The Brook.'
Tennyson's ' Poems,' Glasgow, David Bryce &
Son, 1899. H. P. L.
io">s. in. JAX. 28, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
IA" (10 th S. ii. 527 ; iii. 36). The
preface in question is an abridged text of
'A Character of the late Elia,' which
appeared in The London Magazine for Janu-
ary, 1823. Mr. W. C. Hazlitt includes this
in his collection of ' Essays and Criticisms by
Thomas Griffiths Wainewright,' remarking
that it "has a strong smack of Lamb's
peculiar style, but, on the other hand, it
agrees much in manner with the concluding
portion of Wainewright's undoubted paper,
'Janus Weatherbound.'" Mr. Bertram Dobell
discusses the matter in his ' Side-Lights on
Charles Lamb,' and decides in favour of the
view that the preface is by Lamb himself.
JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.
NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.
The Letters of Horace Walpole, Fourth Earl of
Orford. Arranged and edited by Mrs. Paget
Toynbee. Vols. IX.-XII. (Oxford, Clarendon
Press.)
A THIRD instalment of four volumes has been added
to Mrs. Paget Toynbee's definitive edition of Wai-
pole's letters, leaving but one further instalment,
also of four volumes, to appear. Little more than
six months has elapsed since vols. v.-viii. were
given to the world (see 10 th S. i. 498), so by the
middle of a year still new we may hope to be in
possession of the completed work. The period
covered is 1774-83. Sir Horace Mann remains the
chief correspondent, though the Hon. Seymour
Conway and the Rev. William Mason run him
close, and the Countess of Upper Ossory springs
into prominence. Among promiscuous letters is
one to George Colman, complimenting: him, with
more zeal, we should suppose, than sincerity, upon
his translation of Horace's ' Art of Poetry.' Some
of the letters to Madame du Deffand appear for
the first time. Walpole, of course, knows French
well enough. His style, however, in his French
correspondence is not specially vivacious. The new
portraits which are supplied are of much interest.
A frontispiece to vol. ix. shows Horace Walpole,
from a plaque in Battersea enamel from the South
Kensington Museum : that to vol. x. exhibits Wal-
pole and Mrs. Darner, from a painting by Angelica
Kauffmann, in the possession of Earl Waldegrave.
Another volume has for frontispiece the cha-
racteristic picture of Walpole from the National
Portrait Gallery, reproducing a drawing by
Dance. Other portraits are George IV. when
Prince of Wales, by Reynolds : Gainsborough's
Frances Seymour Conway, Countess of Lincoln ;
Reynolds's First Baron Heathfield, Mr. William
Windham, Admiral Keppel, and the Rev.
William Mason ; Dance's First Baron Clive and
Lord North ; Gainsborough's Mrs. Robinson ; and
Romney's Elizabeth Berkeley, Baroness Craven.
There are in addition other designs, facsimiles, &c.
Up to the close of May, 1783, 2,413 letters are
printed as against 2,247 in Cunningham. We have
already spoken in commendation of the arrange-
ment and the notes, and can only pronounce this
edition worthy of its author and the great repre-
sentative press by which it is issued.
Brownings Men and Women. Edited by Basil
Worsfold. Vols. 1. and II. (De La More Press.)
THOCOH uniform in shape and appearance with
" The King's Classics," to which we have frequently
drawn attention, these two volumes of Browning's
poems belong to a different series, entitled "The
King's Poets." Neither less dainty nor less valu-
able are they than the works with which they are
associated, and they are likely to prove no less-
popular, being excellent in all typographical re-
spects, well edited, and carefully annotated. Each,
volume has a capital portrait, that to the first con-
sisting of a striking and beautiful, if rather senti-
mentalized, design by Field Talfourd, and that to
the second of Watts's better-known and more virile
likeness. In the first volume is also a clever and
highly appreciative introduction, mainly critical,
but to a certain extent biographical : to the lattec
are affixed many excellent notes. Among Brown-
ing's poems, 'Men and Women' are notable in
many respects, and in none more, perhaps, than
in that they constitute a species of response to
the ' Sonnets frjm the Portuguese,' perhaps Mrs.
Browning's most remarkable utterance. These
two pretty volumes are equally suited for the
library and boudoir, and introduce very agreeably
what promises to be a delightful collection.
The Poetical Works of ElLabeth Barrett Browning.
(Frowde.)
OF the one-volume editions of the poets which we
owe to the taste and enterprise of Mr. Frowde this
will be probably the most acceptable. During many
years Mrs. Browning's poems were in their entirety
all but inaccessible to the general reader ; and when
we were first the happy possessors of an edition, the
seventh, published in 1866, we found a difficulty in.
selecting for companionship precisely the poem we
wanted. That perplexity is now over, since we can
carry with us, with no sense of weight and discom-
fort, the entire works. That Mrs. Browning is,
since Sappho, the most inspired of poetesses may
perhaps be maintained. Had her artistic sense -
been equal to her sympathies and perceptions there
is no saying what position she might not have
occupied. The present complete edition has a por-
trait from a photograph after a drawing by Talfourd.
In our perusal we have come across a rather obvious,
but embarrassing misprint on p. 213, stanza xciii.
1. 4, where the substitution of "he" for the renders
the verse unintelligible. The volume deserves, and
will obtain, a warm welcome.
Famous Sayings and their Authors. By Edward
Latham. (Sonnenschein Co.)
Dictionary of Battles. By T. Benfield Harbottle-.
(Same publishers.)
Two additions have been made to the useful
and now rapidly enlarging series of reference dic-
tionaries. The first, which is by that indefatig-
able gleaner in the field Mr. Latham, whose name
is familiar in our pages, is announced as a ' Col-
lection of Historical Sayings in English, French,
German, Greek, Italian, and Latin.' Its compila-
tion has obviously been a matter of difficulty
and labour, and the result is satisfactory.
Very many of the sayings advanced are the
reputed last words of their authors. Nothing,
as the compiler knows, is much more fallacious-
NOTES AND QUERIES. EIO* s. ni. JAX. as, uws.
than are such utterances. Even when, which
is not always the case, the phrase has been
used by the man to whom it is imputed there is
rarely any proof that it is his last utterance.
" Deep dream of peace " are said to be the last words
of Leigh Hunt. That he used them, or their equi-
valent, in his ' Abou Ben Adhem ' we know ; that
they were the last words he spoke we venture to
doubt. To Thistlewood is attributed " I shall soon
know the grand secret," and to Rabelais "Je vais
querir un grand peut-etre." "No, no!" are said
to be the last words of Emily Bronte. They may
well be so ; but they scarcely constitute a famous
saying. We have marked for notice scores of
words in various languages, but there is no need for
long comment. The work may be read with amuse-
ment and advantage, and we found difficult the
task of abandoning its perusal. The sayings are of
very unequal value. Many of them are, however,
curious, and most repay perusal. Mr. Latham, in
his interesting preface, concedes that the ascrip-
tion to certain people of well-known phrases is
often dubious. Mr. Latham, we understand, has,
in deference to a generally expressed opinion, begun
an index to the sayings, which, so soon as it is
ready, will be added to the work.
It is sad to hear that Mr. Harbottle, who is
responsible for the ' Dictionary of Battles,' died
while the work was going to press, leaving to Mr.
Dalbiac the revision of proofs. It is a useful com-
pilation and up to date.
MESSRS. ROUTLEDGE & SONS have reissued in a
cheap and an attractive form, in shilling volumes,
the series of poets first published by Messrs. Law-
rence & Bullen under the title of " The Muses'
Library." At the appearance of successive volumes
of what was, and is, the daintiest edition of
the less accessible poets we drew attention
to the merits of each. The collection includes
Edmund Waller, 2 vols., edited by G. Thorn Drury ;
Coleridge, edited by Richard Garnett, C.B. ; Henry
Vauyhan, edited by E. K. Chambers, 2 vols. ;
Marcell, edited by G. A. Aitken, 2 vols. ; Donne,
edited by E. K. Chambers, 2 vols. : William Browne,
edited by Gordon Goodwin, 2 vols. ; Drummond of
Haicthi~>iden, edited by Wm. C. VVard, 2 vols. :
Thomas Careic, edited by Arthur Vincent ; Keats,
edited by G. Thorn Drury, 2 vols. ; John Gay,
. edited by John Underbill, 2 vols. Each volume is
in a pretty cloth cover, suggestive of the original
binding. The whole constitutes for the lover of
poetry a most enviable collection. Well do we
remember the time, a couple of generations ago, when
the pretty little editions then issued by Sharpe,
Cooke, and others under the title of "British
Poets" did, indeed, "keep the word of promise to
the ear," but only to break it to our hopes, since
the presence of the Yaldens, Orams, Glynns,
Grangers, and others was very far from com-
pensating for the omission of most of the Tudor
and virtually all the Restoration poets. A writer
such as Carew. Suckling, or Marvell was then
unattainable. We have now made amends for
shortcoming, and all the poets a man can seek to
read or possess are available. The conditions of
appearance furnish a guarantee that the text is
in every case pure and uncastrated, and the series
in its present shape is an incomparable boon.
WE regret to notice the death of Mr. W. Fraser
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great authority on the Junius question and also on
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Commons Sessions,' and other subjects, and was an
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MR. T. W. SHORE, of whose death we also hear
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the Ninth Series on 'Kingston Coronation Stone,'
and contributed several articles on ' Oxford as a
Place-name.' A biography appears in The Times
of the 17th inst.
MR. A. L. HUMPHREYS, of 187, Piccadilly, will
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copies, a work entitled ' Somersetshire Parishes : a
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the first. Abbas Combs to Binegar (including Bath,
44 pp.), is now ready.
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81
LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY k, 1905.
CONTENTS.-No. 58.
KOTBS : Recently Discovered Keats MSS., 81 Father
Paul Sarpi In Early English Literature, 84 Photographs
and Lantern Slides : their Registration Col. W. Light's
Publications, 85 Patent Medicines " Earpick "
" Swedenborgianism " in Philadelphia William Kastell
New Year's Eve inBaskish " Prosopoyall" Christmas
Custom in Somersetshire Nathanael Taubman, 86
"Larcin": Bevan, 87.
QUERIES : Englishmen under Foreign Governments
Eton Lists Strahan, Publisher " Harpist" Sunset at
Washington Laurel Crowns at Olympia " The hungry
forties" Halls of the City Companies Cope of Brams-
hill James and Jane Hogarth, 87 Kingsley Quotation
Roper Sothern's London Residence 'Suffolk Mercury'
Faded Handwriting Authors of Quotations Wanted
Kennington Rev. Randolph Marriott " And thou, blest
star " " Snowte " : Weir and Fishery, 88 Torpedoes,
Submarines, and Rifled Cannon Baptist Confession of
Faith, 1660 "jElian" Firearms " Abraham Newland"
'The Phenix,' 1707 Verse on a Cook Gladstone as
Playwright, 89 Patents of Precedence, 90.
REPLIES : Horseshoes for Luck, 90 Heraldic Mottoes
Isabelline as a Colour Southey's ' Omniana, ' 92 Children
at Executions Loutherbourgh Flying Bridge Ruskin
at Neuchfitel, 93 Ben Jonson and Bacon " Dogmatism
is puppyism full grown" Heraldic ' The Northampton
Mercury ' Count A. de Panignano : Holloway Duelling
Bacon or Usher? 91 "Walkyn Silver" Solitary Mass
Split Infinitive, 95 Rule of the Road' Notes on the
Book of Genesis," 93 Mercury in Tom Quad Hugh
Percy Disbenched Judges, 97 Arithmetic Penny
Wares Wanted " Hand "Felix Bryan Macdonough
Blake : Norman : Oldmixon Sir T. W. Stubbs, 98.
NOTES ON BOOKS: 'The Garrick Club 1 Sir George
Trevelyan's 'American Revolution ''The Shade of the
Balkans 'Burton's 'Anatomy.'
RECENTLY DISCOVERED KEATS MSS.
THE rediscovery, in October last, of the
Woodhouse transcript of ' The Fall of
Hyperion,' which differs in some important
respects from the printed version of the
poem, and contains, moreover, twenty-one
additional lines, has already been made
known. With the consent of Lord (Jrewe, the
owner of the manuscript, this has just been
published, and with his kind permission,
obtained through the good offices of Mr.
Sidney Colvin, I am enabled to communicate
to students of Keats some further matters
of considerable interest. At the end of the
manuscript is a small collection of minor
poems, most of which are already familiar ;
but among them are two early poems which
have never appeared in print, and there are
some points arising from a study of the
transcript which throw fresh light upon the
poet's work. The earliest poem included in
our manuscript bears the date August, 1814 ;
it is therefore, so far as we know, only
preceded among Keats's Juvenilia by the
' Imitation of Spenser,' which was written in
1813, and published among the 'Poems' of
1817. Of as little intrinsic value as its
predecessor, it is, I think, of equal interest
in the light it throws upon the influences
which affected his early work. It runs as
follows :
Fill for me a brimming bowl
And let me in it drown my soul :
But put therein some drug, designed
To banish women from my mind :
For I want not the stream inspiring
That fills the mind with fond desiring,
But I want as deep a draught
As e'er from Lethe's wave was quaff d,
From my despairing heart to charm
The Image of the fairest form
That e'er my reveling eyes beheld,
That e'er my wandering fancy spell 'd.
In vain ! Away I cannot chace
The melting softness of that face,
The happiness of those bright Eyes,
That breast earth's only Paradise.
My sight will never more be blest ;
For all I see has lost its zest :
Nor with delight can I explore
The classic page, or Muse's lore
Had she but known how beat my heart,
And with one smile reliev'd its smart,
I should have felt a sweet relief
I should have felt " the joy of grief."
Yet as a Tuscan mid the snow
Of Lapland thinks on sweet Arno,
Even so for ever shall she be
The Halo of my Memory.
Aug. 1814.
Just as in the 'Imitation of Spenser' we
only see the Elizabethan master through the
veil of his later and more conventional
imitators, so here we have the influence of
the early poems of Milton acting upon the
young poet, though he is only treating a-
conventional subject in a purely conventional
manner ; and the lines are interesting as
certainly Keats's first experiment in the
measure which he learnt from Milton and
Fletcher, and was afterwards to bring to
such perfection in ' Fancy ' and ' The Eve of
St. Mark.'
The next verses calling for comment are
those entitled 'A Song,' of which the first
line runs :
Stay, ruby-breasted warbler, stay.
They were first printed by Lord Hough ton
among the early poems, but were omitted by
Mr. Buxton Forman from his editions of
Keats because, in a scrap-book
" containing a mass of transcripts by George Keats
from his brother's poetry, this poem is not only
written in George's hand, but signed ' G. K.' instead
of ' J. K.,' and indeed it reads more like one of the
effusions which George is recorded to have produced
than an early poem by John."
With this evidence before him Mr. Forman
had no choice but to reject the lines ; but
their appearance in the Woodhouse transcript
puts a somewhat different complexion on the
matter. It is highly probable, as I have
shown elsewhere, that Woodhouse obtained
82
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io* s. in. FEB. *, IMS.
the poems for transcription from Brown, and,
moreover, that they were all in Keats's auto-
graph ; and Brown is the last person who
could be expected to honour George Keats
by the preservation of one of his poems.
This evidence, though not conclusive against
the signature in the scrap-book, is at least
as weighty ; and I incline myself to restore
the lines to John, though their quality is not
such as to make that restoration an act of
grace. If John indeed wrote them, he wrote
them at a very early stage in his poetic career.
A sonnet ' On Peace ' is also found in the
Woodhouse transcript. It runs as follows:
O Peace ! and dost thou with thy presence bless
The dwellings of this war-surrounded Isle ;
Soothing with placid brow our late distress,
Making the triple Kingdom brightly smile?
Joyful I hail thy presence ; and I hail
The sweet companions that await on thee ;
Complete my joy let not my first wish fail,
Let the sweet mountain nymph thy favorite be,
With England's happiness proclaim Luropas
liberty.
O Europe ! let not sceptred Tyrants see
That thou must shelter in thy former state ;
Keep thy chains burst, and boldly say thou art
free *
Give thy Kings law leave not uncurbed the (great ?)
So with the honors past thou 'It win thy happier
fate !
The sonnet is undated in the manuscript,
but we can hardly be wrong in assigning it
to 1814 or 1815. It was obviously inspired
either by Napoleon's retirement to Elba or
by the peace which followed upon the battle
of Waterloo. The weakness of the sonnet
would lead us to favour the earlier date.
A^ain we notice a reminiscence of the early
poems of Milton (the " sweet mountain
nymph " being borrowed from ' L' Allegro '),
whilst a phrase here and there suggests that
Keats had already made the acquaintance of
Wordsworth's ' Poems ' of 1807.
Another early poem shows the influence of
Wordsworth in a somewhat amusing way.
In 1816, probably early in the year, Keats
sent to his future sister-in-law, Georgiana
Augusta Wylie, an "elegant" set of verses
in the manner of Moore, then fashionable.
Their first line runs : -
come, Georgiana, the rose is full blown.
These stanzas were not published till 1883,
when they appeared in Mr. Buxton For-
man's monumental edition. They are to be
found in the Woodhouse transcript, but for
the name "Georgiana" in the first stanza is
substituted " my dear Emma " ; and in the
third stanza for " And there, Georgiana," we
read " There, beauteous Emma." It will be
remembered that Emma or Emmeline, accord-
ing to the exigencies of metre, was the name
by which Wordsworth referred to his sister
Dorothy, and there can be little doubt that
Keats intended to veil the identity of his
tuture sister-in-law under the same nom de
plume.
The next point upon which our manuscript
bhrows new light is the identity of the friend
bo whom Keats addressed his fine sonnet-
beginning,
O that a week could be an age !
This sonnet was first published by Lord
Houghton in the ' Life, Letters,' &c., of
1848, with the title Sonnet, ' To John
Hamilton Reynolds ' ; and it is generally
attributed to February March, 1818, when
Keats was at Teignmouth. No other manu-
script of this poem is known to exist, so
that it seems probable that Lord Houghton
printed it from the Woodhouse transcript ;
but it is headed there 'To J. R.,' which, as
Mr. Colvin has reminded me, would un-
doubtedly refer not to Reynolds who always
signed himself and was addressed J. H.
Reynolds but to James Rice, known to
Keats and many of his circle as one of the
wittiest and most lovable of men. Keats
was in correspondence with Rice at the time
when this sonnet is agreed to have been
composed, so that there is no improbability
in the matter ; whilst it is quite easy to
understand, when we consider the small part
played by Rice in the literary life of Keats,
how Lord Houghton might for the moment
forget his existence, and interpret J. R. as
referring to Reynolds.
My last note upon the contents of this
Woodhouse transcript deals with that
pathetic sonnet written by Keats late in 181&
The day is gone, and all its sweets are gone,
which is preserved in a somewhat different
form from that given to the world by
Lord Houghton. In 1. 3 Woodhouse reads
tranced for light far more in keeping with
the spirit of the line, and more characteristic
of Keats ; whilst still more striking is the
fact that the second and third quatrains are
transposed. A truly Shakspearian effect,.
always striven after by Keats in his later
sonnets, and often attained as no other poet
has attained it, is secured by the repetition
of the word "faded" when it is reserved for
the climax of the sonnet, and the general
effect of the whole is immeasurably enhanced.
Thus :
The day is gone, and all its sweets are gone !
Sweet voice, sweet lips, soft hand, and softer
breast,
Warm breath, tranced whisper, tender semitone,
Bright eyes, accomplished shape, and lang'rous
waist !
in. FEB. 4, 1905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
Vanish'd unseasonably at shut of eve,
When the dusk holiday or holinight
Of fragrant-curtain'd love begins to weave
The woof of darkness thick, for hid delight :
Faded the flower and all its budded charms,
Faded the sight of beauty from my eyes,
Faded the shape of beauty from my arms,
Faded the voice, warmth, whiteness, paradise
But, as I 've read love's missal through to-day,
He '11 let me sleep, seeing I fast and pray.
It is, of course, quite possible that another
MS. of the poem was in the possession of
Lord Houghton, and that he did not use the
Woodhouse transcript in this instance ; but
the variation between the two versions is
not, in my opinion, too great to be due to
Lord Houghton alone. It must be remem-
bered that the conception as to the duties of
an editor were different in the middle of the
last century from what they are to-day, and
my examination of the MS. of ' The Fall of
Hyperion ' side by side with Lord Houghton 's
printed text has revealed discrepancies even
more striking than these. But, in any case,
the version which I have just printed is
undoubtedly authentic, and I believe that
many students of Keats will think it superior
to the other.
Together with the Wood house transcript
of 'The Fall of Hyperion, and other Poems, 1
Lord Crewe discovered a fragment of the
autograph MS. of the 'Ode to Fanny,'
which, apparently, was lost together with
the transcript, and has never been collated
since its publication in 1848. It consists of
one sheet containing stanzas 2 and 3, one
bottom half-sheet with stanza 5, and one
sheet with stanzas 6 and 7. The paper is
ordinary foolscap, and bears the water-mark
Wilmott, 1818. The MS. not only preserves
several rejected readings, but in some places
enables us to correct the printed text ; for
it seems unlikely that Keats, who did not
prepare the poem for publication, wrote
another copy of it.
I print Lord Houghton's version, with
notes upon the variations to be observed in
the MS.
o_
Ah ! dearest love, sweet home of all my fears,
And hopes, and joys, and panting miseries,
To-night, if I may guess, thy beauty wears
A smile of such delight,
As brilliant and as bright,
As when with ravish'd, aching, vassal eyes,
Lost in soft amaze,
I gaze, I gaze !
There are no important variations in this
stanza, though the punctuation is different.
The note of interjection in line 1 is placed
by Keats after love and not after Ah, and
there is no comma after fears or joys. In
1. 4 "A smile of such delight " is altered to [
"A smiling of delight," and then the of is.
cancelled as though to make room for a mono-
syllabic adjective ; but this was not supplied,,
and so Lord Houghton was obliged to restore
the first reading.
o.
Who now, with greedy looks, eats up my feast ?
What stare outfaces now my silver moon ?
Ah ! keep that hand unravish'd at the least ;
Let, let, the amorous burn
But, pr'ythee, do not turn
The current of your heart from me so soon.
O ! save, in charity,
The quickest pulse for me.
The MS. preserves a false start for the first
line, "My temples with hot jealous pulses
beat." In 1. 6 heart is cancelled for thotif/hts^
Stanza 4 is wanting, and 5 shows no varia-
tions from the printed text. Lord Houghton
prints 6 and 7 thus :
6.
I know it and to know it is despair
To one who loves you as I love, sweet Fanny !
Whose heart goes flutt'ring for you every where,.
Nor, when away you roam,
Dare keep its wretched home,
Love, love alone, his pains severe and many :
Then, loveliest ! keep me free,
From torturing jealousy.
7.
Ah ! if you prize my subdued soul above
The poor, the fading, brief pride of an hour :
Let none profane my Holy See of love,
Or with a rude hand break
The sacramental cake :
Let none else touch the just new-budded flower
If not may my eyes close,
Love ! on their last repose.
Stanza 6 seems to have given Keats some-
trouble, for the following false starts are-
preserved :
I know it ! yet sweet Fanny I would feign
Knoll for a mercy on my lonely hours.
I know it : yet sweet Fanny I would feign
Cry your soft mercy for a
For "Fanny," "girl" was first written,
but immediately cancelled. The last part of
the stanza differs substantially from Lord
Houghton's version. It runs thus :
Xor when away you roam.
Dare keep its wretched home.
Love, Love alone has pains severe and many :
When loneliest keep me free
From torturing jealousy.
It will be agreed that the change in the
punctuation at the end of 1. 5 and the MS.
reading in 1. 6 of has for his much improve
the sense. On the alteration of 1. 7 it should
be remarked that Keats's w's and w's are always
much alike, as any one acquainted with^his
autograph MSS. can testify ; but the W at
the beginning of the line is unmistakable,
and the absence of the note of interjection
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io* s. m. FEB. 4, ins.
corroborates the view that the reading re-
corded above is what Keats intended. It is,
moreover, far more effective.
In stanza 7 there is little divergence to
remark upon. In the last line Keats wrote
last. Lord Houghton printed lost in 1848,
but in the Aldine edition corrected to last.
Mr. Buxton Forrnan, regarding the Aldine
last as a misprint (as, indeed, it is quite likely
to have been), reproduced in his editions the
reading of the first edition.
ERNEST DE SELINCOURT.
2, Grove Place, Oxford.
FATHER PAUL SARPI IN EARLY
ENGLISH LITERATURE.
(See ante, p. 44.)
ANOTHER intimate friend of Father Paul's,
even more so than Wotton, was that truly
-excellent man William Bedell, afterwards
Bishop of Kilmore, in Ireland. Sir Henry
Wotton, in a letter which he addressed to
King Charles I. in Bedell's interest, uses this
expression : "This is the Man whom Padre
Paulo took (I may say) into his very Soul "
<' Life,' p. 32). Bedell was chaplain to Sir
Henry Wotton in Venice for eight years,
and Burnet, in his life of the bishop, has
many sympathetic references to Father Paul,
-and what follows may suffice in the way of
quotation (p. 7) :
" P. Paulo was then the Divine of the State, a
n>an equally eminent for vast learning and a most
consummated prudence ; and was at once one of
the greatest Divines, and of the wisest Men of his
Age. But to commend the celebrated Historian of
the Council of Trent, is a thing so needless that I
may well stop ; yet it must needs raise the Character
of Bedell much, that an Italian, who, besides the
^caution that is natural to the Countrey, and the
prudence that obliged one in his circumstances to
a more than ordinary distrust of all the World, was
tyed up by the strictness of that Government to a
very great reservedness with all people, yet took
Bedell into his very Soul ; and as Sir Henry Wotton
-assured the late King, He communicated to him
the inwardest thoughts of his Heart, and professed
that he had learnt more from him in all the parts
of Divinity, whether Speculative or Practical, than
irom any he had ever conversed with in his whole
life. So great an intimacy with so extraordinary a
person is enough to raise a Character, were there
-no more to be added. P. Paulo went further, for
-he assisted him in acquiring the Italian Tongue, in
which Bedell became such a Master, that he spoke
it as one born in Italy, and penned all the Sermons
he then preached, either in Italian or Latine ; in
this last it will appear by the productions of his
Pen yet remaining, that he had a true Roman Stile,
inferior to none of the Modern Writers, if not equal
to the Ancients The intimacy between them
grew so great and so publick, that when P. Paulo
'was wounded by those Assassinates that were set
on by the Court of Rome to destroy so redoubted
an Enemy, upon the failing of which attempt a
Guard was set on him by the Senate, that knew
how to value and preserve so great a Treasure ; and
much precaution was used before any were admitted
to come to him, Bedell was excepted out of those
rules, and had free access to him at all times."
Towards the close of the year in which he
published his ' Life of William Bedell, Bishop
of Kilmore,' viz., 1685, Bishop Burnet visited
the city of Venice. By this time Father Paul
was dead nearly sixty-three years, and the
following is the only reference Burnet makes
to him. I must say there is such an air
of indifferency in his remarks as we should
scarcely expect from a man who wrote the
life of one of Father Paul's dearest friends
(' Letters,' ed. 1687, p. 109) :
" I went to the Covenfc of the Serri but I found
Father Paul was not in such consideration there
as he is elsewhere ; I asked for his Tomb, but they
made no account of him, and seemed not to know
where it was ; it is true, the Person to whom I was
recommended was not in Venice, so perhaps they
refined too much in this matter. 1 had great
Discourse with some at Venice concerning the
Memorials out of which F. Paul drew his History,
which are no doubt all preserved with great care
in their Archives, and since the Transactions of the
Council of Trent, as they are of great Importance,
so they are become now much controverted by the
different relations that F. Paul, and Cardinal
Pallavicini have given the World of that matter ;
the only way to put an end to all disputes in matter
of fact is to Print the Originals themselves."
In a letter, without date, and from the
initials addressed to Sir Henry Goodier, Dr.
Donne mentions Father Paul by name and
no more (p. 144) :
"Justinian the Venetian is gone hence, and one
Carraw come in his place : that State [Venice] hath
taken a fresh offence at a Friar, who refused to
absolve a Gentleman, because he would not expresse
in confession what books of Father Paul, and such,
he knew to be in the hands of any others ; the State
commanded him out of that territory in three hours
warning, and he hath now submitted himself, and
is returned as prisoner for Mantua, and so remains
as yet."
As far as I can make out, this is the only
mention by Donne of Father Paul in the
collection of ' Letters ' published by his son
in 1651. Turning, however, to ' The Life and
Letters of John Donne' (2 vols., 1899), by
Mr. Gosse what a wealth of most interest-
ing matter he has brought together in this
delightful biography, worthy alike of his
subject and of himself ! I find the following
bequest in Dr. Donne's will (vol. ii. p. 360) :
"To Doctor King my executor I give that medal
of gold of the synod of Dort which the estates
presented me withal at the Hague as also the two
pictures of Padre Paolo and Fulgent io which hang
in the parlour at my house at Paul's."
s. in. FEB. 4, 1905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
8.5
The late Rev. Dr. Hannah, in his edition of
Bishop Henry King's 'Poems,' 1843, prints
the will of the latter (p. cviii), but I cannot
see that he, in his turn, bequeathed the
portraits above mentioned. He probably
disposed of them in his lifetime to some
member of his family ; indeed, from a remark
in the will, this is very likely.
The following passage is taken from a letter,
without date, written by Bishop Bedell to
Dr. Samuel Ward, of Cambridge. It is printed
in Dr. Richard Parr's ' Life of Archbishop
Usher,' 1686, and how it came to be included
in that biography is not quite apparent.
Bishop Bedell died on 7 February, 1642 ; the
letter must therefore have been written before
that time (p. 445) :
"Touching the Propositions of Molina opposed
by the Dominicans, and the Letters of Hippolytus
de Monte-Peloso, I am glad you have met with them :
For I sent you the Originals which P. Paulo gave
me upon occasion of speech with him touching that
Controversy, reserving no Copy to my self. The
occasion was the contention of the Jesuits and
Dominicans before Pope Clement the 8 th . And those
Letters were week by week sent from Rome to Padre
Paulo, of the carriage of the Business. When you
find a trusty Messenger, 1 desire you to send me
them."
At the close of this folio there are a number
of interesting letters of a miscellaneous cha-
racter, one of them being 'A Letter from
Padre Paulo (Author of the History of
the Council of Trent) to the Abbot of
St. Medard,' and dated "From Venice this
22d of July, Ki08."
James Howell, in his ' Survay of the Sig-
norie of Venice/ 1651, has these references
to Father Paul :
" She [Venice] hath allso two very eminent men,
the one a sound Divine, the other a learned Casuist,
that have a pension from the Republic, who are
allwayes ready in case She have any contestation
with Rome, to defend and vindicat Her by public
writing, and to satisfy the world of her proceeding,
as Paolo Servita did." P. 8.
" The Senat with much maturity pouder'd these
Breves, and therupon sent to confer with their
learnedst Counsellors in the Civill Lawes, amongst
whom they admitted Paul of Venice, of the Order
of the Servites, an eminent Divine and Canonist,
with other Padouan Doctors, to consult what
answer they shold return the Pope." P. 147.
A. S.
(To be continued,)
PHOTOGRAPHS AND LANTERN SLIDES : THEIR
REGISTRATION. I have recently had occa-
sion, in investigating a question of Indian
archaeology, to search for photographs and
lantern slides illustrating the matter. The
Government of India published in 1900 a
'List of the Photographic Negatives of
Indian Antiquities' existing in Calcutta and*
London. To begin with, this list has not been
brought up to date, and further, a large
proportion of the negatives are at Calcutta,
and not easily accessible to English students.
I would suggest that you should open your
columns to a general discussion on the
question of the collection and registration of
photographs and lantern slides for scientific
purposes. The art of photography is now so
generally known, and half-tone blocks are so-
largely used in the magazines and illustrated
papers of the day, that there must be an
enormous stock of pictures and blocks
in existence which would be most valu-
able for the illustration of scientific and
educational books and contributions to the
proceedings of learned societies. It is needless
to say that if existing photographs and blocks,
free from the complications attaching to-
copyright, could be made available in this
way, the cost of illustrations would be greatly
reduced. Some societies such as the
Hellenic, the Geological, and the Anthropo-
logical Institute are doing something in the
way of collecting photographs relating to
their special subjects. It seems a practical
suggestion that each scientific society should
open a register, and invite photographers and
publishers to furnish entries of their negatives
and blocks, giving the address of the owner
and the terms on which the use of such illus-
trations would be allowed to scientific and
literary men. Whether Government should
be moved to establish an official registry office
for India and the colonies is another question.
I am quite conscious of the difficulties which-
surround the matter, and I now venture to-
Elace the subject before your readers in the
ope that from the discussion some useful
suggestions may be contributed towards the
solution of the problem. EMERITUS.
[We think the scheme a good one, but are not
prepared to insert lists ourselves, as the demands-
on our space are pressing.]
COL. WILLIAM LIGHT'S PUBLICATIONS. In
the corrigenda volume of the ' Dictionary of
National Biography' a correction is made
which needs contradiction. In the original
article on Col. William Light, who founded
Adelaide in South Australia, he is credited
with the publication of two books, 'Views
of Sicily' (London, 1822, "by Major Light")
and 'Views of Pompeii' (London, 1828, "by
William Light, Esq., late on the Staff of the
Army under the Duke of Wellington in the
Peninsula "). These are in the corrigenda,
volume unnecessarily and wrongly attributed
to Sir Henry Light, who was author of
86
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io- s. m. FEB. *,
* Travels in Egypt' in 1818. I need but point
out that when Major Light's 'Views of Sicily
appeared Sir Henry Light was a captain in
the Royal Artillery. The authorship o;
''Views of Sicily' is vouched for on the title-
page. I had no idea of any doubt on the
subject when, in 1901, Messrs. Sampson Low
published my book 'The Founders of Penang
and Adelaide.' A. FRANCIS STEUART.
PATENT MEDICINES. These do not appeal
to be anywhere defined in the ' H.E.D.' under
"* Patent'; and the only illustrative quota-
tions of the term are misleading, being given
under " 3. Of an invention : Protected or
covered by letters patent," &c. At the time
to which these quotations refer patent inedi-
cines were so protected, but this is not the
case with one in a thousand of the so-called
" patents " which now afflict humanity. They
are simply proprietary medicines bearing a
'Government stamp. The distinction is of
some importance, and ought to have been
explained. C. C. B.
" EAEPICK." William Fisher, priest in the
Minster of Sheppey (Kent), by his will,
proved 5 June, 1505, gave " to the Shrine
of St. Sexburga a little crucifix with a ere
pike of silver." The will was proved at
Canterbury, iu the Archdeacon's Court
{vol. x.). ARTHUR HUSSEY.
Tankerton-on-Sea, Kent.
[The 'N.E.D.' has one earlier quotation, dated
" SWEDENBORGIANISM " IN PHILADELPHIA.
The late Dean Hole, in his ' A Little Tour in
America,' is made to assert, on p. 323, that
among the places of worship in the city of
Philadelphia, in the year 1725, there was
"one Swedenborgian." As, however, the
"New Church," commonly called "Sweden-
borgian," was not organized in America
before 1788, the Dean's statement is mani-
festly erroneous he probably meant 1825.
CHARLES HIGHAM.
WILLIAM RASTELL. The 'D.N.B.,' xlvii.
305, says : "He was continued in office by
Elizabeth, resigning office early in 1563." In
fact, he had already fled to Flanders before
10 January, 1561/2 ('Cal. S.P., Span., Eliz.,'
vol. i. p. 224). JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.
NEW YEAR'S EVE IN BASKISH. Christmas
Eve is nocke buena in Castilian ; and the
Baskish gabon is the literal translation of
that. Gab on ! or Gau on ! is also used for
the nightly salutation " Good night ! " the
Basks not using the plural as the Castilians
do when they say, "Buenas noches !" As
Christmas was once the beginning of the
civil as well as of the ecclesiastical year, the
Basks still call New Year's Eve gabon tsar or
sar, literally "old good night." They do not
apply this term, as one might have expected,
to Twelfth Night. They call Christmas Day
egu or egun, or egum berri (or barri), i.e.,
" new day." New Year's Day is iirthatse,
from urte (or /iwrte)=year, and hatse or
haste = beginning. The Epiphany is Tru-
fania, a word which has not yet, I believe,
been explained. Can the syllable tru be in
any way connected with trois (rois)] The
good in noche buena reminds one, of course,
of "Good Friday" as translating "Vendredi
Saint." EDWARD S. DODGSON.
" PROSOPOYALL." The twenty-fifth chapter
of Montaigne's ' Essays,' Book I. , is an elabo-
rate and substantial disquisition ' Of the
Institution and Education of Children,' as
Florio expresses the title. Somewhat before
the middle, after showing how the young
man should comport himself when beginning
to make his way into society, the essayist ap-
propriately quotes from Seneca, "Licet sapere
sine pompa, sine invidia." Then he proceeds,
"Fuye ces images regenteuses," &c. This ex-
gression Florio renders, " Let him avoid those
rosopoyall images of the world," &c. " Proso-
poyall " does not seem to have won the favour
of a MS. commentator on the copy of Florio
which prompts this note, for he has wantonly
put his pen through it and inserted "im-
perious," as an epithet more to his mind.
Probably "Prosopoyall" was foredoomed to
neglect, but it need not greatly disturb any
scholarly reader of Florio, and, at any rate,
it is interesting in itself as illustrative of
the translator's vocabulary. " Prosopopeyall
gravitie" occurs in the essay 'Of Experience.'
Other examples would be useful.
THOMAS BAYNE.
CHRISTMAS CUSTOM IN SOMERSETSHIRE.
Lake's Falmouth Packet for 30 December,
1904, remarks :
"A curious Christmas - Eve custom, known as
burning the faggots,' is observed in many inns in
Somerset. Ashen faggots are thrown on the fire,
and as soon as the bands have burst the customers
are allowed to help themselves out of large cans
of ale produced by the landlord/'
HARRY HEMS.
NATHANAEL TAUBMAN. The literary
achievements of this chaplain R.N. are
duly chronicled in the 'Diet. Nat. Biog.'
iVhen ashore he lived in the parish of St.
Margaret, Westminster. On 8 November,
711, Taubman, having in view " the par-
.icular perills I am soon to be exposed to,"
io*s. in. FEB. 4. INS.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
87
made his will, and "having," as he says,
"neither wife nor children of my owne,"
was able to leave liberal bequests to his five
sisters Jane, Abigail, and Mary Taubman,
of the city of Dublin, spinsters ; Elizabeth
Cumberford, also of Dublin ; and Eleanor
Warren, residing near that city. An uncle,
Thomas Taubman, of St. Martin's-in-the-
Fields, woodmonger, is likewise mentioned.
The will was proved on 12 March, 1723/4
(P.C.C. 71, Bolton). GORDON GOODWIN.
"LARCIN": BEVAN. A much later use of
larcin than any given in the ' X.E.D.' list of
quotations is to be found in a poem entitled
' Christmas,' which is set out in a foot-note to
Letter iv. of the ' Parochial Letters from a
Beneficed Clergyman to his Curate,' pub-
lished in 1829. The line runs :
Committed on the long " half year " a larcin,
the latter word riming with " parsing," and
so showing that the final g was not sounded.
The poem, which runs to some 200 lines,
abounds in points, as do the letters. I am
afraid the author is one of those " whose
memorials have perished with him," or almost
so. A pencil note states him to be the Rev.
Be van, of Worcester College. The letters
show him to have been earnest and practical :
the poem, clever and jovial. Perhaps some
kindly pen will be able to give him an
enduring niche in the pages of ' X. & Q.,' as
he seems to have missed a place among those
honoured in our 'Diet, of Nat. Biog.'
HOLCOMBE INGLEBY.
Sedgeford Hall, Norfolk.
WE must request correspondents desiring in-
formation on family matters of only private interest
to affix their names and addresses to their queries,
in order that the answers may be sent to them
direct.
ENGLISHMEN HOLDING POSITIONS UNDER
FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS. Can any readers
oblige me with the names of Englishmen
who are occupying important positions under
foreign Governments, or have occupied them
in the past? Examples which occur to me are
Kaid Maclean, at present, and Sir John Acton,
who was Prime Minister at Naples at the end
of the eighteenth century. R. DE C.
[" Chinese " Gordon is a notable instance.]
ETON LISTS : MR. CLAYTON'S COLLECTION.
Among the late Mr. Chetwynd-Stapylton's
papers is a letter from Lord Monson, written
in 1861, in the course of which occurs the
following passage :
" I have had a letter from Mr. Lambert Larking,
the antiquary of Kent, and he tells me of Mr.
Clayton having the largest and oldest collection of
Eton Lists he ever saw Mr. Clayton's collection
contains a Montem List about 1743."
Can any reader tell me anything about this
Mr. Clayton, or where his collection now is ?
R. A. AUSTEN LEIGH.
8, St. James's Street, S.W.
STRAHAN, PUBLISHER. Who carries on the
business of Alexander or Alfred Strahan, who
was a publisher in London in the seventies 1
I want to get particulars of a book he issued
about 1875. W. J. JOHNSTON.
[Alexander Strahan's books are now divided
among Messrs. Isbister, Messrs. Sonnenschein, and
Messrs. Kegan Paul.]
"HARPIST." This is a vile word, the earliest
example of which, according to the 'H.E.D.,'
is 1613-16, W. Browne, * Brit. Past.,' ii. v. :
That Oeagrian harpist, for whose lay,
Tigers with hunger pinde and left their pray.
The Guardian (24 September, 1890) is also
cited for " Mr. John Thomas, harpist to the
Queen." The 'D.N.B.' has not escaped the
word. Was the older form "harper," which
has furnished a number of people with a
pleasant surname, not fine enough or too
old-fashioned? A. R, BAYLEY.
HOUR OF SUNSET AT WASHINGTON. At
what time does the sun set on 15 December
at Washington ? E. N. F. C.
LAUREL CROWNS AT OLYMPIA. Is there
any authority for the common statement
that the crowns of the Olympian victors were
formed from the Alexandrian laurel Danae
(or fiuscus) racemosa ?
H. N. ELLACOMBE.
" THE HUNGRY FORTIES." This phrase has
been repeatedly used by Mr. Chamberlain,
and now appears frequently in political
leading articles. When and where was it
used first ? C. B. A.
HALLS OF THE CITY COMPANIES. Are there
many of these halls in existence that are not
used by their respective companies? I believe
that the Pewterers' Hall is let to a firm of
hatters, but I am desirous of knowing
whether others are used for similar purposes.
A. F. H.
COPE OF BRAMSHILL. How did the Copes
of Bramshill get the baronetcy ?
THOMAS BROWNAVELL.
[We presume that the pedigree given in Burke
represents the received view of the descent.]
JAMES AND JANE HOGARTH. I have
amongst my collection of memorial rings one
83
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io* s. HI. FEB. 4, 1905.
with a large oval head surrounded by small
garnets and containing a plait of brown hair;
it is engraved inside "In memory of James
and Jane Hogarth." I should be much
obliged for any information on the identity
of these Hogarths. FEED. A. CRISP.
KINGSLEY QUOTATION. In which of Kings-
ley's novels does the following quotation
occur ?
"There is no because in anything. We all are
constituted differently, and therefore see things, as
it were, through different-coloured spectacles."
AMY SAMUEL.
ROPER. I am trying to trace the ancestry
of John Henry Roper, who was a subscriber
and member of " Lloyd's " from 1837 to 1845.
He is supposed to be the youngest son of
Noah Roper, of Hough-on- the-Hill, Lincoln-
shire, but there is no mention of any one of
this surname in the registers there. He
married Harriot Seagood.
LEOPOLD A. VIDLER.
The Stone House, Rye.
SOTHERN 's LONDON RESIDENCE. A perusal
of the list of houses (10 th S. ii. 425) to the
fronts of which tablets have been affixed at
the instance of the Duke of Bedford, which
includes one upon 27, Southampton Street,
Covent Garden, to David Garrick, prompts
me to register a regret that no medallion,
either Society of Arts, London County
Council, or private, has ever marked the
spot where Edward Askew Sothern, creator
of the inimitable Lord Dundreary, lived for
a time and died. The 'D.N.B.' chronicles
that he passed away in a house "in Vere
Street, Cavendish Square." But did not this
famous actor in reality occupy rooms at
332, Oxford Street, over a branch of the
Sun Office ? This, at any rate, has always
been pointed out to me as the actual place
where his decease occurred on 21 January,
1881. Is it too late to hope for the com-
memorative plaque in this case also ?
CECIL CLARKE.
[Sothern lived for some years in Wright's Lane,
Hampstead, in a house with other theatrical and
musical associations.]
' SUFFOLK MERCURY.' (See 2 n(1 S. x. 238.)
Will MR. C. GOLDING, of Paddington, or heirs,
allow his copies of the Suffolk Mercury or
St. Edmund's Bury Post, 1717 - 1731, to be
inspected by me 1 HERBERT NORRIS.
16, Cambridge Road, Battersea Park.
FADED HANDWRITING. Many years ago I
asked the readers of * X. & Q.' if any one
knew the means of reviving the ink of the
handwriting in old manuscripts, and I ob-
tained a very prompt and useful reply, sug-
gesting a formula with some tanin mixture.
This I have since lost. Would any one be
kind enough again to indicate it?
THE O'NEILL.
59, Rua das Flores, Lisbon.
[Recipes for reviving faded handwriting will be
found at 6 th S. v. 249, 355 ; vi. 71, 91.]
AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED.
1. Heu : vitam perdidi, operose nihil agendo.
2. If pathos be a sense of loss, a deep longing,
mingled with melancholy.
3. Che par sorriso, ed e dolore.
4. Of what great contemporary was it said, "he
was always beating about the bush without
starting the hare"? Quoted in 'Studies of a
Biographer,' I believe.
5. Velut inter ignes, Luna minores. Which may
have suggested Wotton's " Ye meaner beauties of
the night."
6. If I forget,
The salt creek may forget the ocean.
In Hardy's ' Woodlanders.'
W. L. POOLE.
Montevideo.
[5. "Velut, "&c., is from Horace, 'Odes,' I. xii.
*7.J
KENNINGTON. VVill some student of old
Kennington and its immediate vicinity kindly
send me privately a resume of the literary
and other worthies who lived in or were asso-
ciated with that part of Southern London 1
M. L. R. BRESLAR.
Percy House, South Hackney.
REV. RANDOLPH MARRIOTT. He married
Diana Feilding, a daughter of George Feilding
(son of Basil, fourth Earl of Denbigh). Who
was he when and where born, baptized,
married, died, and buried 1 Does any por-
trait of him exist, and where 1 C. MASON.
29, Emperor's Gate, S.W.
"AND THOU, BLEST STAR." The following
lines evidently refer to William Pitt ; but
who was their author ?
And thou, blest star of Europe's darkest hour,
Whose words are wisdom, and whose counsels
power,
Whom earth applauded through her peopled shores
(Alas ! whom earth, too early lost, deplores),
Young without follies, without rashness bold,
And greatly poor amidst a nation's gold.
W. T. L.
"SNOWTE": WEIR AND FISHERY. The in-
habitants of the seaside parishes of Seasalter
and Whitstable, in Kent, in their wills
(proved in the Archdeacon's Court at Canter-
bury) mention both weirs and fisheries. As
to the weir (gurges\ it was probably con-
structed on the shore or banks left dry at
low water. The chief place for the weirs on
ioos.m.FEB.4,1905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
89
the Seasalter shore was the Snowte, belong
ing to Favershara Abbey, which grante
leases for weirs at the Snowte. What is th
origin or meaning of this word "Snowte"?
For a fishery the word used is voraguie (o
should it be read voragine ?). Sometimes sue"
are ordered to be sold. Does this word mean
a fishing- boat with all the fishing gear, or
place to fish off a certain part of the shor
with licence from the lord of the manor ?
Nets for "molletts" (mullets) and sag-net
are mentioned once in these wills.
ARTHUR HDSSEY.
Tankerton-on-Sea, Ken*.
TORPEDOES, SUBMARINES, AND RIFLEE
CANNON. A hundred years ago Britain wa
daily expecting the armada of Napoleon
Were the above weapons really imaginec
by that demonic genius ? or are tlie following
lines one of the many instances of th
piercing insight of the poet t
He has shown off his tricks in France, Italy, Spain
And Germany, too, knows his legerdemain ;
So, hearing John Bull has a taste for strange sights
He is coming to London to put us to rights.
To encourage his puppets to venture this trip,
He has built them such boats as can conquer a ship
With a gun of good metal that shoots out so far,
It can silence the broadsides of three men-of-war.
This new Katterfelto, his show to complete,
Means his boats should all sink as they pass by our
fleet ;
Then, as under the ocean their course they steer
right on,
They can pepper their foes from the bed of old
Triton.
If this project should fail, he has others in store
Wooden horses, for instance, may bring them safe
o'er,
Or the Genius of France, as the Moniteur tells,
May order balloons or provide diving-bells.
The verses are from Henry Kirke White's
' Poetical Works ' (London, Pickering, 1840),
p. 221, 'The Wonderful Juggler.'
The poet treats the armada with derisive
and patriotic scorn, and " vante sa patrie," as
all good poets should ; but there are indica-
tions in every line that he appreciated the
magnitude of Napoleon in 1804 :
This juggler is little and ugly and black ;
Like Atlas, he stalks with the world on his back.
Kirke White should be better known. He
is the author of one of the most powerful
hymns in the language, ' The Star of Beth-
lehem.' Perhaps this reminder may induce
some of your readers to look him up.
T. B. WILMSHURST.
Molyneux Park, Tunbridge Wells.
BAPTIST CONFESSION OF FAITH, 1660. I
shall feel obliged if any of your correspon-
dents can supply me with the full text of
the above ancient and interesting document
presented to Charles II., or say in what
works and libraries it may be found ; and also
if the original now exists, and where it can
be seen. B. BRADLEY.
4, Maywood Avenue, Fishponds, Bristol.
." The Rev. W. B. Gregg was
lately inducted to Riseley Vicarage, Beds,
amongst those present on the occasion being
Lord St. John (patron of the living and
^lian). My authority is The Beds Standard
of 10 June, 1904. I have been puzzling my
brains as to the meaning of JElian. Can
any one tell me ? M.A.OxoN.
FIREARMS IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY.
Can anything be gathered as to the social
standing 'or wealth of a yeoman in the
seventeenth century from his possession of
firearms 1 E. S. R
" ABRAHAM NEWLAND, LONDON." This
name and place are engraved on the inside
part of a watch. Is this watchmaker known ?
Was he any relation of the person of the
same name whose signature used to appear
on Bank of England notes ? To quote an old
song :
Sham Abraham you may,
But you must not sham Abraham Newland.
W. H. PATTERSON.
Belfast.
' THE PHENIX,' 1707. Can any one tell me
f " The Phenix | or, a [ Revival | of | Scarce
and Valuable Pieces | London M.DCC.YII." is
;o be relied on for its historical facts ? I find
n it the following, under Sir Philip Sydney,
which seems to be wrong somewhere :
" He marry'd the Daughter and sole Heir of Sir
Brands Walsinyham, then Secretary of State ; a
Jady destinated to the Bed of Honour, who (after
iis deplorable Death at Zutphen in the Netherlands,
vhere he was Governour of Flushing, and at the
ime of his Uncle's being there) was marry'd to my
^ord of Essex, and since his death to my Lord of
y t. Albans, all persons of the Sword," &c.
W. H. M.-G.
VERSE ON A COOK. Will any of your
saders inform me where I can find these
nes?
That cook (I could scold her)
Grows worse as she's older;
I wonder who told her
That woodcocks were drawn.
Are they by any well-known author ?
J. C. S.
GLADSTONE AS PLAYWRIGHT. In The
fanchester Courier of 20 April, 1901, under
heading 'A Play by Kipling,' occurred
90
NOTES AND QUERIES. [10 th s. in. FEB. 4, 1905.
the following statement, which I should much
like verified : " There is no reason why Mr.
Kipling should not perpetrate a play, for we
are all playwrights now, even Mr. Gladstone
having been guilty of writing a blank-verse
tragedy."
How far is this true 1 Verses, original and
translated, Mr. Gladstone did write; but it is
news to me that he ever ventured into the
devious paths of a playwright.
J. B. McGovERN.
St. Stephen's Rectory, C.-on-M., Manchester.
PATENTS OF PRECEDENCE. Would a patent
of precedence have been granted as early as
circa 1660 to the sisters of a Scottish noble-
man whose father had died vitapatris ? and,
if so, where would it be recorded?
K. BARCLAY-ALLARDICE.
Lostwithiel, Cornwall.
HORSESHOES FOR LUCK.
(10 th S. iii. 9.)
ASSUMING that "luck" in the uneducated
mind consists ultimately in the absence or
prevention of maleficent influences, then the
horseshoe, whether worn or fixed, takes its
place as a potent protector against those
evils, and so as a promoter of the good
fortune called "luck." I have contended
elsewhere that the horseshoe is the crescent,
the symbol of the moon in all countries,
ancient and modern. She represents in all
ages the Universal Mother, whether known
as Ashtoreth, Aphrodite, Esetat-Jedhri, Isis,
Parvati, Diana, or Madonna. She is there-
fore the great protector of all her children,
and her symbol is used, as perhaps the most
potent amulet, to counteract malevolence by
all people.
Our English horseshoe is, of course, a highly
conventionalized crescent, but the Turkish
is identical in pattern with that on the
standard. Whether the shoe should be sus-
pended with the toe or heel upwards is
rather a matter of local and personal opinion,
though it is much more usual to see the toe
upwards, probably because it is so much
easier affixed or hung up. The position ol
the amulet would not seem to be material,
considering that the crescent appears some-
times "horns up," sometimes "horns down,'
but more commonly with one horn up anc
the other down. We hear it often remarked
" Horns up for fine weather " ; and the follow-
ing seems to point to the belief that a shoe
fastened in that position has the most power
"July 24, 1895.' I know'd a farmer not very var
icrevrom, and he had terblebad luck wi' his stock.
:Ie know'd they must be overlooked. Well, a
neighbour told'n he couldn' expect no other, so
ong as he did keep th' oss shoe wrong zide up.
Nif he did mind to save his beast, he must put n
upright, wi' the heels o' un up-on-end. Well, zo he
took and turned th' osa shoe tother way, and he
ever hadn' a-got no bad luck arterwards.' "
F. T. ELWORTHY.
MR. PAGE has opened an intensely interest-
ing subject, but one which ramifies so widely
as to need a book rather than a short reply
For its full treatment. The brief answer to
his question is that both ways are " the right
way " to hang a horseshoe on a door. Each
man must decide for himself, according to
his idea of the derivation of the use and
the particular symbolism he attaches to it.
Gipsies hang the shoe with its points (the
heel) upward, in cup -form, "to catch the
good luck," but grooms generally hang it toe
upward, in roof-form, to ward off bad luck.
Christians who take the symbol to mean
imply omega, and a reminder of Him who
aia, "I am Alpha and Omega," will, of
course, hang it toe upward ; and so will
those students of the ancient wisdom who
tell us that the lucky horseshoe and the
omega in the above quotation are both re-
minders of the crux ansata which was placed
in the right hand of an initiate. Those who
hold that the luck attaching to the shoe is a
reminder of the time when it used to repre-
sent the crescent moon of Isis will place it
gipsy fashion, with the heel upward. Some
who are curious in these matters say that
the arrangement with the heel upward is
right for the votaries of a feminine deity ;
while the roof fashion, or toe upward, or
omega- wise, belongs to votaries of a mascu-
line deity. The former is an invocation of
the moon-god, while the latter invokes the
sun-god. One is correct for worshippers of
Isis, and for Roman Catholic Christians, who
assign the blue robe and the crescent moon
of Isis to the Virgin Mary ; while the omega
form must be used by Protestant Christians,
who object to invocations of the Virgin.
The statement that the luck of the horse-
shoe dates from the time when iron was a
sacred metal (was there ever such a time ?)
has often been made ; and to those who hold
this view the position must be quite indif-
ferent. So it should be to those who tell us
that the original lucky objects were not
horseshoes at all, but metallic rings, broken
from the heads of mediaeval figures of saints,
where they had been worn in nimbus form.
The suggestion that the shoe represents
old-time horns of honour, or horns of iron,
10* 8. IIL FEB. 4, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
91
or horns of the altar, implies that it should
be hung heel upward ; while if we consider
it as the horns of Eblis it takes the same
position, but is then "black magic," an in-
vocation of a Prince of Evil.
One might pursue the subject much fur-
ther, and show that the omega is a feminine
sign in the deeper mysteries ; and one might
wander into some of the modern guesses,
such as that which connects the sign of the
horseshoe with the rainbow and the covenant
made with Noah ; but one must consider the
space of ' N. & Q., J and perhaps enough has
been given to show that either way of hanging
the shoe may be correct.
H. SNOWDEN WARD.
Hadlow, Kent.
A horseshoe should always be hung with the
ends pointing upwards, in order to represent
a pair of horns horns being the universally
recognized counter-charm to the evil eye,
and therefore to witchcraft in general. A
less scientific reason is that if the ends hang
downwards all the good luck will run out
from them, as fluid from an inverted cup.
R. E. FRANCILLON.
Though one usually sees them nailed on
doors, &c., in country places, with calks up-
wards, this seems to be wrong. Mr. "Worth-
ington Smith, in his ' Dunstable '(1904), says :
"In old times tha horseshoe, when used for
good luck, was invariably represented with
ends upwards, like a cup."
I. CHALKLEY GOULD.
I have often heard my mother, a native of
Shropshire, say that the correct way to hang
up a horseshoe is with the front downwards,
so that the luck may not run out.
I have also heard her say that when a
horseshoe is picked up in the road with the
front nearest the finder luck is on its way,
and vice versd. E. SMITH.
Blundellsands.
Horseshoes should be affixed with the open
part downwards to keep the luck in.
REGINALD HAIXES.
Uppingham.
These should be put heels upward, tnough
it is easier to hang them the other way,
and I cannot doubt that they are .then
equally effective. In John Aubrey's 'Remains
of Gentilisme'it is noted (Folk-Lore Society's
edition, p. 123): "At Mr. Ashmole's thres-
hold the hollow of the horseshoe pointeth
into the house." ST. SWITHIN.
I have understood that they should be
suspended or nailed back upwards, "so as to
keep the luck from dropping out."
But what says MR. HEMS 1 After a visit
I paid "Ye Luckie Horseshoe" Studio in 1883
I heard an interesting explanation of the
sign that would make me, at any rate, accept
that worthy contributor's ideas on the subject
as pretty conclusive. W. CURZON YEO.
Richmond, Surrey.
In a volume I possess, containing some
200 pages, closely filled with manuscript and
chance cuttings upon hippology, there are
a few but not many illustrations of old
horseshoes turned the wrong way up ; also
the following, although I cannot say from
where the information originally came :
"Of course, lucky as it is to have a horseshoe
nailed over one's door, it is just as unlucky to fix it
upside down, i.e., with the points upward. A cer-
tain farmer who found a rusty shoe in the road,
and unwittingly did this, fell into dire adversity :
His hens declined to lay their eggs,
His bacon tumbled from the pegs,
And rats devoured the fallen legs :
His corn, that never failed before,
Mildewed and rotted on the floor.
His grass refused to end in hay,
His cattle died, or went astray
In short, all moved the crooked way.
At length, when the unfortunate man was almost
ready to end his misery by suicide, a chance stranger,
who happened to call, espied the cause of his ill
luck, and cried :
' No wonder skies upon you frown
You 've nailed the horseshoe upside down !
Just turn it round, and you will see
How you and Fortune will agree.'
The farmer turned the horseshoe round,
And showers began to swell the ground :
The sunshine laughed amongst his grain,
And heaps on heaps piled up the wain.
The loft his hay could hardly hold,
The cattle did as they were told ;
His fruit-trees needed sturdy props
To hold the gathering apple crops.
His turnip and potato fields
Astonished all men by their yields.
Folks never saw such ears of corn
As on his smiling hills were born.
His barns were full of bursting bins,
His wife presented him with twins ;
His neighbours marvelled more and more
To see the increase of his store.
And now the merry farmer sings,
' There are two ways of doing things :
And when for good luck you would prajr
Nail up your horseshoe the right way.' "
My own old horseshoe many times noticed
in print I found on the morning I first
entered Exeter (4 December, 1866). It has
been nailed of course the right way up !
successively in front of the three residences
I have had since, and may still be seen in situ.
Further, I have admittedly been a very lucky
man. HARRY HEMS.
Fair Park, Exeter.
92
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io* B. m. FEB. *, uo&
HERALDIC MOTTOES (10 th S. iii. 49). Besides
Elvin's/ Hand book of Mottoes,' 1860, and
the various editions of Fairbairn's ' Crests ' (a
new edition of which has just been published),
also the list given at the end of Burke's
'General Armory,' I would refer your cor-
respondent to the following :
' A Translation, in Verse, of the Mottos of the
English Nobility and Sixteen Peers of Scotland.'
By Amicus. 2 vols. 8vo, London, 1822-5.
Knight and Butler's * Crests of Great Britain and
Ireland,' &c. Edited by Joseph MaoLaren. 2 vols.
8vo, London, 1883.
Washbourne's ' Book of Family Crests.' 2 vols.
8vo, London, 1882.
English mottoes will also be found in the
following foreign works :
' Dictionnaire des Devises historiques et herald-
iques avec figures et une table alphabetique des
noms.' By A. Chassant and Henri Tausin. 3 vols.
8vo, Paris, 1878.
' Die Wahl- und Denkspriiche, Feldgeschreie,
Losungen, Schlacht und Volksrufe, besonders des
Mittelalters und der Neuzeit, gesammelt, alpha-
betisch geordnet und erlautert.' By J. Dielitz.
4to, Frankfurt-a.-M., 1888.
'An Alphabetical List of English Mottoes,
as they occur on British and American Book-
Plates,' was compiled in 1900 by J. F. Verster,
of Amsterdam. Reference should also be
made to the list of works treating of mottoes
at p. 65 in Gatfield's ' Guide to Printed Books
and Manuscripts relating to Heraldry,' &c.,
8vo, London, 1892.
ARTHUR VICARS, Ulster.
There is a 'Dictionary of Mottos' in 'The
Book of Family Crests/ 1856, vol. i., and a
list of the mottoes appertaining to the City
Companies in The Penny Post of 1 March,
1886. Heraldic mottoes, with explanatory
illustrations, will be found in Burke's
' Heraldic Illustrations ' ; also in Burke's
'Vicissitudes of Families,' 'Rise of Great
Families,' ' Anecdotes of the Aristocracy,'
and ' Romantic Records of Families ' ; G. L.
Craik's ' Romance of the Peerage," and, I
think, Walford's 'Tales of our Great Families':
' House Mottoes and Inscriptions, Old and
New, drawn from many Lands,' by S. F. A.
Caulfield ; a tract on ' Martial Mottoes,' by
W. H. Longstaffe ; ' The Book of Public Arms,'
compiled and edited by Arthur Charles Fox-
Davies and M. E. B. Crookes; Palliser's
'Devices'; 'The Blazon of Episcopacy,' by
the Rev. W. K. Riland Bedford ; Paradin's
'Devices'; Pallavicini's 'Devices and Emblems/
and many similar works.
J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.
An excellent list appeared in an offshoot of
the original edition of Fairbairn's 'Book of
Crests/ entitled "Book of Mottos borne by
Nobility and Gentry, Public Companies,
Cities, &c., with their English significations,
bearers' names, titles, &c., and occasional note*
and illustrations, selected from ' The Book
of Family Crests ' and other sources," 1851,
crown 8vo. Another list may be seen at
the end of Chambers's ' Twentieth-Century
Dictionary.' WM. JAGOARD.
Will not Messrs. Routledge's excellent
little work on ' Mottoes and Badges,' which
is mentioned with praise ante, p. 40, answer
fully or in part the requirements of C. S. ?
H. T.
If C. S. will go to the Reading-Room at the
British Museum he will find a considerable
number of books having lists of mottoes
collated under the head of ' Heraldry.'
I venture to say that a comprehensive book
of heraldic mottoes would be attractive to the
public at the present time, and that a com-
plete list of canting or punning mottoes
such as " Ver non semper viret," for Vernon ;
"Quitel,"for Kettle; and "Festina lente,"
for Onslow (I quote from memory) is a
desideratum. LLEAVELYN LLOYD.
Blake House, Winslow.
ISABELLINE AS A COLOUR (10 th S. i. 487 ; ii.
75, 253, 375, 477, 537). I think PROF. SKEAT
will allow that a sixteenth-century English
mercer may very easily have transformed
some such Italian phrase as " color di zibel-
lino " into /sabella. I merely gave escarpin
as an illustration of my meaning as to the
prefix because I could not think of any
Italian word with the i prefix at the time,
and was writing in the country away from
books of reference. PROF. SKEAT fails to note
my proof from Littre that the word occurs
in England a good many years before it does
in France, and therefore may very con-
ceivably be of English origin. He also does
not note my far graver slip in speaking of
the summer coat of the same ; it should of
course have been the winter coat. Perhaps
PROF. SKEAT will now kindly tell us who the
fair Isabella was who was the sponsor of
the colour ; or, if not, what the origin of the
name really is. Was the sponsor our own
Queen Elizabeth ? H. 2.
SOUTHEY'S 'OMNIANA/ 1812 (10 th S. ii. 305,
410, 530). At the last reference COL. PRI-
DEAUX says:
" My authority for adding the names of Gale &
Curtis was contained, to the best of my recollec-
tion, in a heap of memoranda which had been
collected by Mr. Shepherd in view of a revised
edition of his work, and which were temporarily
placed at my disposal."
s. in. FEB. 4, i90o.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
Messrs. Longman's statement that they paid
the printing charges and that there is nothing
in their ledgers to show that they took over
the sheets from any other publisher or printer
seems very conclusive. If COL. PRIDEAUX
requires more confirmation he may find it in
one of the foot-notes on p. xc of vol. i. of
' The Poetical and Dramatic Works of Samuel
Taylor Coleridge,' ed. 1877 (of which Mr.
Shepherd was the editor), where the work is
described: "Omniana, or Horse Otiosiores.
London : Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees,
Orme and Brown, Paternoster-row." I ab-
stained from discussing the subsidiary points
raised in COL. PRIDEAUX'S former note, for
the reason that they have, as it seems to
me, no bearing on the question at issue,
the interesting bibliographical features of
'Omniana' to which COL. PRIDEAUX calls
attention being, one and all, absolutely con-
sistent with the plain conclusion to which
the facts, so far as they can be ascertained,
obviously point, viz., that ' Omniana ' was
printed for and published by the house
of Longman only, and that in assigning
a share in the transaction to Gale & Curtis
"some one has blundered." Possibly COL.
PRIDEAUX could consult once more the
Shepherd memoranda with the view of dis-
covering the quarter in which the mistake
originated. The question really resolves
itself into a balance of probabilities. That
the Shepherd-Prideaux Bibliography of Cole-
ridge is not at all points infallible must, I
fear, be admitted. This being so, whether of
the two suppositions is the likelier : that we
have here an instance of the fallibility of that
work, or that a complicated series of trans-
actions, such as COL. PRIDEAUX'S theory
postulates, should have escaped all notice in
Southey's voluminous correspondence, and
remained unrecorded in the books of the
firm of Longman ? I have no hesitation in
arriving at my own conclusion, which is not
that of COL. PRIDEAUX. GRETA.
CHILDREN AT EXECUTIONS (10 th S. ii. 346,
454, 516; iii. 33). MR. HIBGAME could not
have been taken to witness an execution in
1869, as public executions were abolished
in the previous year. Hubbard Lingley was
executed on 26 August, 1867.
EDWARD M. BORRAJO.
The Library Guildhall, E.G.
LOUTHERBOURGH (10 th S. ii. 389). Philippe
Jacques de Loutherbourg's 'Romantic and
Picturesque Scenery of England and Wales,
1805, does not contain a reproduction of, or
reference to, the Hampstead Heath views in
question. But possibly the originals are two
landscapes described in Bryan's ' Dictipnary
of Painters and Engravers,' 1898, as being in
the Bordeaux Museum. The Glasgow Gallery
also contains some of his works executed
while in England. The prices which some of
bis pictures realized are given in Adolphe
Siret's ' Dictionnaire Historique et Raisonne
des Peintres,' 1833. In Lysons's 'Collectanea,'
vol. i. p. 4, is the following handbill :
"The Breaking-up and Distribution of the first
Collection of Pictures by the Artists of Great-
Britain, ever formed in this country. The Last
and only Day of shewing the Poets' Gallery, or
Purchasing Tickets for a Chance of any part of that
inimitable Collection, as the Lottery begins Draw-
ing this Day and will be determined To-morrow.
Those Ladies & Gentlemen who have already
purchased Tickets, may have their Prints by send-
ing for them. To those that have not seen the
Prints, it is necessary to say they are the Size of
General Wolf, engraved from Pictures painted by
P. J. de Loutherbourg, and Mr. J. Laporte."
Poets' Gallery, 11 February, 1779.
J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.
FLYING BRIDGE (10 th S. ii. 406, 491). This
kind of ferry is common in America. There
are a dozen or more between Pittsburg
and Oil City, on the Allegheny river. The
first is at Hulton, twelve miles above Pitts-
burg. There is a wire cable stretched across,
high above the river, and the boat is attached
to this by a wire with a trolly. This is
called a swing-ferry, for the current is not
strong enough to make the boat fly.
O. H. DARLINGTON.
Pittsburg.
RUSKIN AT NEUCHATEL (10 th S. ii. 348, 512).
Like MR. COLES I venture to think that
MRS. STEPHENSON is under a misapprehension
regarding Ruskin and Neuchatel. This place
is probably confounded with Schaffhausen, as
MR. COLE suggests. Or was MRS. STEPHEN-
SON perhaps thinking of a passage in 'Modern
Painters,' part iv. chap. xvii. sect. 13, and
by some curious mental process transferring
it to Neuchatel ? The passage runs thus :
" The first thing which I remember, as an event
in life, was being taken by my nurse to the brow of
Friars' Crag on Derwentwater ; the intense ]oy r
mingled with awe, that I had in looking through
the mossy roots, over the crag, into the dark lake,,
has associated itself more or less with all twining
roots of trees ever since."
Canon Rawnsley, ' Literary Associations of
the English Lakes,' vol. i. p. 148, says :
" One calls to mind that it was at the ' Crag of
the Friars' that John Ruskin received one of those
impulses to care for the close study of natural form
that made him what he was."
And at p. 150 :
"That early impression of the wonder of Friars'
Crag on Ruskin's boy-mind was not effaced by all
94
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io* s. m. FEB. , IMS,
the glorious landscape which he studied and loved
in other parts of England, or on the Continent.
Speaking to a friend a few years ago Raskin said,
' The scene from Friars' Crag is one of the three or
four most beautiful views in Europe.' "
The view from Schaffhausen was evidently
" one of the three or four most beautiful
views in Europe"; which were the others'?
But whichever or wherever they may be, it
was incontrovertibly at Friars' Crag that
Ruskin received his first revelation of the
glories of nature. J. B. McGovERN.
St. Stephen's Rectory, C.-on-M., Manchester.
BEN JONSON AND BACON (10 th S. ii. 469 ; iii.
35). Those interested in the relations between
Jonson and Bacon should read a singularly
little-known work entitled ' The Tale of the
Shakespeare Epitaph, by Francis Bacon
(Baron Verulam and Viscount St. Albans).'
The only edition I know is one published by
Belford Clarke & Co., in Chicago and New
York, in 1888. EDWARD HERON- ALLEN.
Although there is no evidence that Jonson
was Bacon's secretary, in his ' Baconiana '
Archbishop Tenison writes regarding the
'Essays' of Bacon :
" The Latine translation of them was a work
performed by divers hands ; by those of Dr. Hacket
{late Bishop of Lichfield), Mr. Benjamin Johnson
(the learned and judicious Poet), and some others,
whose names I once heard from Dr. Rawley, but I
cannot now recal them."
This Dr. Rawley was Bacon's chaplain.
GEORGE STRONACH.
"DOGMATISM is PUPPYISM FULL GROWN"
(10 th S. iii. 5). This mot "has been assigned
to Douglas Jerrold " with perfect justice, and
may be found on p. 28 of 'The Wit and
Opinions of Douglas Jerrold.' The sentence,
which properly runs " Dogmatism is puppy-
ism come to its full growth," originally occurs
in one of his plays, which one I cannot recall
at the moment; when I can I will supple-
ment this information. WALTER JERROLD.
Hatnpton-on-Thames.
HERALDIC (10 th S. ii. 408 ; iii. 33). I notice
that MR. WATSON gives "crawe" as a variant
of "crab." Is this so? Is it not equivalent
to "crow"? A crow in the dialect of the
North of England is " a craw." R. B R.
South Shields.
'THE NORTHAMPTON MERCURY' (10 th S. iii.
5). The cutting from the Daily Mail sent
by MR. J. T. PAGE is incorrect. Robert Raikes
the philanthropist was born 14 September,
1735 ; the reference is probably to his father,
also Robert Raikes, who founded The Glou-
.cesttr Journal in 1722.
Robert Raikes the younger succeeded to
the printing business at the death of his
father, which took place 7 September, 1757.
R. L. MORETON.
Greenford, Middlesex.
COUNT A. DE PANIGNANO : HOLLOWAY
(10 th S. iii. 8). There can be no question as
to the purchaser of the autographs sold by
Puttick & Simpson in December, 1853. The
lot mentioned by MR. MASON (No. 94) was
bought by my old friend Marseille Middleton
Holloway, a well-known printseller, then
living at No. 14, Henrietta Street, Covent
Garden ; but what became of these MSS. I
know not. The only thing I can now suggest
is that they passed into the hands of Mr.
John Benjamin Heath, a staunch friend and
patron of young Holloway, who has now been
for some years dead. He retired from affairs,
leaving an only son, who carried on his
father's business at Bedford Street, Covent
Garden, but did not long survive him.
FRED. NORGATE.
MR. MASON may find some information re
the first of these personages in Mr. Puttick's
MS. list of sales in the British Museum
(Newspaper Room). The name may have
been an imaginary one to conceal the identity
of the real owner. Holloway was an auto-
graph dealer ; the firm was at one time
Holloway & Sons. I once possessed a copy
of one of their excellent catalogues, but find
that I cut out such entries as interested me
and threw the remainder away. There may
possibly be copies in the B.M.
W. ROBERTS.
DUELLING (10 th S. iii. 49). 'The British
Code of Duel,' 1824, is perhaps the book
referred to in the second edition of 'Duelling
and the Laws of Honour,' by J. C. Bluett,
p. ix, where the author is said to be Joseph
Hamilton, Esq. Although the second edition
of Bluett's book bears the date 1836 on the
title-page, it cannot have been published
before the year 1840. W. S.
BACON OR USHER? (10 th S. ii. 407, 471.)
Farnaby was not the only contemporary who
attributed to Bacon the verses beginning
" The world 's a bubble." A copy of the lines
was found among Sir Henry Wotton's papers
with the name " Francis, Lord Bacon," at the
bottom (see 'Reliquiae Wottonianre,' p. 513).
Wotton, it may be recollected, was an inti-
mate friend of Bacon, whose epitaph he wrote
on the monument at St. Albans.
Another credible witness is Joshua Sylves-
ter, whose 'Pauthea' was published in 1630,
about three years after Bacon's death. The
s. in. FEB. 4, 1905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
95
title- page reads "Panthea : or Divine Wishes
and Meditations Revised by J. M., Master
of Arts......Whereunto is added an appendix,
presence as a server of one who should not
serve, e g., a woman. This rubric has since
been modified to some extent, as may be
containing an excellent elegy written by the ' gathered from consulting " Deer. Auth.S.R.C.
L. Discount St. Albans," &c._ This elegy is 2745 ad 8," where it is clearly stated that a
woman may "answer" Mass urgente necessi-
tate, but may not "serve."
St. Thomas Aquinas (iii. 83, v. ad 12)
quotes a Papal decree to the effect that no
the poem referred to " The world ; s a
bubble," &c. The verses therefore were
recognized in 1630 as the work of Bacon.
GEORGE STRONACH.
" WALKYN SILVER " (10 th S. iii. 29). This
seems to have been a payment which carried
with it a right of way through certain part
of an estate. Walkers were forest officers
appointed to walk about a certain space of
ground committed to their care. A " walk"
was a footpath. J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL.
SOLITARY MASS (10 th S. iii. 8). The follow-
ing passage from O'Brien's ' History of the
Mass,' fifteenth ed., pp. 8, 9, may be of use to
MB. ACKERLEY :
" When Mass is said by a priest alone, without
the attendance of people, or even of a server, it is
called a Solitary Mass. Masses of this kind were
once very common in monasteries and religious
communities (Bona, p. 230), and they are still
practised to a great extent in missionary countries.
-They cannot, however, be said without grave neces-
sity ; for it is considered a serious offence by theo-
logians to celebrate without a server, and this server
must always be a male, never a female, no matter
how pressing the necessity be. Strangely enough
fcolitary Masses were forbidden, in days gone by,
by several local councils, and this principally for
the reason that it seemed ridiculous to say, 'Dominus
vobiscum,' the Lord be with you, ' Oremus,' let us
fray, and 'Orate, fratres,' pray, brethren, when
there were no persons present. The Council of
Mayence, held in the time of Pope Leo III. (A D
815;, directly forbade [by its 43rd Canon] a priest
to say Mass alone. The prohibition not merely to
sing it, but to celebrate at all without witnesses,
was repeated by the Council of Nantes, and for the
reasons alleged. Gratian cites a canon in virtue of
which two witnesses at least were required for the
due celebration of every Mass : and this we find to
> the rule among the early Cistercians. Cardinal
Bona ('Rer. Liturg.,' p. 230), from whom we copy
these remarks, seems much in doubt as to whether
solitary Masses were wholly abrogated in his day
f instances, however, a well-known exception in
Jase of a certain monastery which enjoyed the
>rmlege from the Holy See of celebrating without
ivmg any person to respond. According to the
iresent discipline of the Church, whenever necessity
compels a priest to celebrate alone he must recite
;e responses himself, and otherwise act as if he
id a full congregation listening to him. He must
t omit, abridge, add, or change anything, to suit
the peculiar circumstances of the occasion, but must
dp everything that the rubrics prescribe for ordinary
Mass, and this under pain of sin."'
JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.
The rubrics of the Roman Missal ('De
>efectibus,' X.) censure as "defects" the
priest may celebrate High Mass (missarum
solemnia) unless two persons be present to
answer his "Dominus vobiscum" and "Orate
pro me." The Angelic Doctor adds, however,
that one server is sufficient at Low Masses,
that the one server stands for the people and
answers for them.
To say a Low Mass, then, without a server
but with some one to answer, is permissible,
and, in fact, not uncommon. But I once
had the misfortune to be without a server
or even a congregation. This was in a
country place on a dark winter morning. A
devout old lady had answered my Mass daily
for several weeks, and I had every reason to
suppose that she was present on the day in
question. As she was rather hard of hear-
ing, and sometimes a little uncertain as to
the part of the Mass that I had reached, I
had on other occasions been obliged to supply
some of the responses myself. Hence I was
not surprised on this particular morning to
have to "answer" more than usual. When
did at last discover that I was the only
person present in the church, I determined
;hat I had gone too far to draw back, and so
[ went on to the end of my one and only
' Solitary Mass." S. G. OULD.
St. Benedict's Abbey, Fort Augustus, Scotland.
The priest must have some one to serve
lirn at Mass, but the Romanists do not
require a communicant. Dr. Pusey never
"celebrated :) in his house without a communi-
cant as a rule, his son, who resided with him
at Oxford.
F. FABER-BROWNE.
39, Alexandra Road, Hornsey, N.
SPLIT INFINITIVE (10 th S. ii. 406 ; iii. 17, 51).
By the voice of the pundits it has been
decided that the split infinitive is not un-
grammatical. I venture none the less, with
reprehensible rashness, to declare it inele-
gant and detestable. In the instances ad-
vanced its employment weakens the sentence.
Surely "rapidly to march" and "gloriously
to die," the latter especially, are more vigo-
rous than "to rapidly march" and "to
gloriously die." For the mere sake of
euphony it is to be avoided. In writers
such as Fanny Burney you will constantly
i ' --' i. ww*a LUC sucii a.s raiiuy Duruov ^uu win (juustetiii/iy
ilerk or other server, and the encounter it. But it is not in Shakespeare
96
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io- s. m. FEB. 4, isos.
or Milton, those supreme masters of our
tongue, nor, I venture to say, in Keats,
Tennyson, or Swinburne. There are those
who will say " the custom is a bad one "
instead of " the custom is bad." The latter
phrase, I hold, is vigorous English, the former
flabbiness and superfluity. The split infini-
tive and the use of "a one "will, I think,
be discountenanced by all who regard what
Daniel calls " the treasure of our tongue."
MARO.
Surely the discussion of a question of this
character is but little to the purpose.
Grammar is a matter of convention ; and
what is conventional is right, in the sense
that it is not worth disputing. The man
who considers such an infinitive ugly need
not use it ; but if he tries to convert every
one else, he must expect to find that some
of them prefer to have their own way, which
(as a matter of fact) is just what he wants
for himself.
I suppose the phrase was invented by
some penny-a-liner who preferred as their
manner is to be smart rather than to take
the trouble to investigate. They hate research
because they have no time for it. One of
the most favourite (but ill-natured) devices
for raising a silly laugh is to call a word
or phrase "American." I see this usual
manoeuvre is quoted at p. 52 (ante), where
the "split infinitive" is called a "Trans-
atlantic intruder " even by so good a scholar
as HERMENTEUDE. Yet, as also stated on
the same page, DE. HALL "found many
instances in the works of excellent authors'"
I have been informed that it occurs five
times in Golding's Ovid (1567). I remember
finding an example in Jerrold's ' Story of a
Feather' (1843), published long before we
had much to do with American journals. 1
dare say many people are unaware that there
was a time when no infinitive was preceded by
to, but rather denoted by a suffix. In Anglo-
Saxon to is not the sign of the infinitive, but
of its dative case, which was only used as a
gerund.
Moreover, infinitives without a to are used
to this day after what are pleasantly called
"auxiliary verbs," which merely means that
they are so common as to be indispensable.
In "I may go" the go is an infinitive ; and
in "I may comfortably go" we have an
intrusive adverb, of the same character as
occurs in the "split infinitive."
I cannot say that my sympathies are on
the side of pedantry, which usually means
dogmatism founded upon one's own private
opinion. They are rather on the side of
scholarship, which does not shrink from
investigation, due to a desire to learn what
are the usages (rather than the opinions) of
good and well-known writers ; always re-
membering that fashions change, and that
phrases have their day. Any one who will
actually take the trouble to read our older
authors will certainly meet with many sur-
prising things. "The least fowl out," i.e., the
smallest bird known, occurs in 'Piers the
Plowman,' B. xii. 267. WALTER W. SKEAT.
EULE or THE ROAD (10 th S. ii. 467). May
I (at the risk of boredom) state that many
years ago a gentleman who was driving me
informed me that the rule was not purely
arbitrary, but arose from the need that the
driver, with reins in left hand, should have
his right hand free to ward off pistol or
sword blow aimed at him by another man
passing him on his right hand ?
EDWAED P. WOLFEBSTAN.
National Liberal Club.
Here is another version of the rule :
The rule of the road is a paradox quite,
Both in riding and driving along :
If you go to the left you are sure to go right,
If you go to the right you go wrong.
But in walking the streets, 'tis a different case :
To the right it is right you should bear ;
To the left should be left quite enough of free space
For the persons you chance to meet there.
In the collection of oddities in verse in which
I have found these lines they are ascribed
to Punch. The first quatrain would seem
to have been written before the birth of
Mr. Punch. Possibly the second may be an
addition of his. In his fifty-third volume, at
p. 129, is a parody of the first, entitled ' The
Rule of the River.' THOMAS LANGTON.
Toronto.
' Whitaker's Almanack,' 1903, p. 695, gives
the following rimes :
The rule of the road is a paradox quite ;
For in driving your carriage along,
If you bear to the left you are sure to go right,
If you turn to the right you go wrong.
But in walking the streets, 'tis a different case :
To the right it is right you should steer ;
On the left should be left enough of clear space
For the people who wish to walk there.
Another reading is also given.
H. E. CAMEEON.
' NOTES ON THE BOOK OF GENESIS,' BY
C. H. M. (10 th S. iii. 50). As was customary
with writers among the Plymouth Brethren
half a century ago, C. H. Mackintosh ap-
pended only his initials to most of his work.
He was the author of a series of expository
volumes "Notes" they were all termed
10* B. in. FEB. 4, iocs.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
97
on the books of the Pentateuch, besides
numerous treatises on doctrinal and Church
questions from the Brethren point of view.
Mr, Mackintosh was associated with J. N.
Darby. His name is absent from the ' D.N.B.,'
but inquiry at Mr. Morrish's, Paternoster
Square, would no doubt elicit all the infor-
mation E. R. desires concerning C. H. M.
J. GRIGOR.
The author of this and several other
popular little commentaries on the Old
Testament was the late C. H. Mackintosh,
one of the best of the Plymouth Brethren
writers. Some fifteen or twenty years ago
I met him at Leamington, where he was
sojourning for health, and found in him a
charming personality allied to a profound
knowledge and love of books.
WM. JAGGARD.
0. H. Mackintosh was a preacher among
that sect of the Brethren which was governed
by the late John Newton Darby. Originally
an Irish schoolmaster, he developed, amidst
the many opportunities for activity afforded
by " Brethrenism," into what is known as
a "teacher," and a writer of considerable
fluency. His volumes on the books of the
Pentateuch follow the lines of Dean Law's
well-known series ' Christ is All,' and have
Jiad a very wide circulation. But Mack-
intosh wrote little beside that has survived.
In his particular sect he was regarded as a
useful man, but in no sense a leader. For
a fair account of him see 'A History of the
Plymouth Brethren,' published by Hodder &
S tough ton, which, on the whole, is a mode-
rate, though rather bare and bloodless,
account of the sect of Brethren to which
Mackintosh belonged. P. F. H.
[MR. F. (T. HALEY, MB. C. HICHAM, Q. V., and
MK. J. B. WAIXEWRIGHT are also thanked for
replies.]
MERCURY IN TOM QUAD (10 th S. ii. 467, 531 ;
iii. 32). The following anecdote is extracted
from 'Oxford and Cambridge Nuts to Crack '
(1835), now become a rather scarce book :
" At the time a late Dean issued an order, during
a. hard frost, that no undergrad was to indulge in
the exhilarating and customary sport of skating
upon the ice that covered the reservoir in ' Tom
Quad.' The order came upon the fraternity like a
thunder-clap, at the very moment some scores
were preparing for the sport ; amongst them \vas
Reade of that ilk, a wag, and he resolved to pay
the Dean off, even at the hazard of being paid off
himself. He accordingly stuck up a notice on the
margin of the ice to the ejfect that no one was to
kate there as the Dean intended publicly to enjoy
that sport at ten o'clock the next day. The College
smelt a rat, and at the hour named a large number
of spectators were collected, when Mr. Reade,
whose rooms faced the reservoir, dressed in a wiy
and gown, a la Dean, which he had procured
ad interim, approached, be-skated, with all the
gravity of his superior, and, to the no small amuse-
ment of those present, cut such capers in his skates
that the whole were in a continuous roar of
laughter." P. 261.
^ We have nob yet been told in what collec-
tion the statue at Brasenose called Cain and
Abel (see 10 th S. ii. 532) has found a home. It
was, I believe, the gift of Dr. Clarke, who was
one of the burgesses of the University in the
eighteenth century, and whose monument
may yet be seen in the chapel of All Souls'
College. When we read of the destruction
or migration of these relics of antiquity we
are reminded of Lord Byron's lines :
I've stood upon Achilles' tomb, and heard Troy
doubted.
Time will doubt of Rome.
JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.
HUGH PERCY (10 th S. iii. 28). In all pro-
bability the Hugh Percy mentioned by MR.
J. ELIOT HODGKIN is a descendant of the
Percys of Shaftesbury, co. Dorset. In
Hutchins's ' History of Dorset,' vol. iv. p. 74,
there is a pedigree of the Percy family, but
it ends with Henry Percy (son and heir of
Christopher), living 1565. It would be
interesting to continue this to later times by
an examination of wills and administrations,
and extracts from parish registers at Shaftes-
bury and neighbourhood. I would suggest that
MR. HODGKIN repeat his inquiry in Somerset
and Dorset Notes and Queries (editor, Canon
Mayo, Long Burton Vicarage, Sherborne),
and he will perhaps get answers from local
antiquaries.
I may mention that Bursys, where Mary
Percy is stated to have died, is in the parish
of Tarrant Gunville, Dorset; it is now a
farm, but formerly was a manor, and
members of my family lived there about
1650.
There have been already several inquiries
in the above-mentioned Somerset and Dorset
Notes and Queries (vols. iv. 255 ; viii. 108)
respecting the family of Percy, which would
interest MR. HODGKIN. E. A. FRY.
Birmingham.
DlSBENCHED JUDGES (10 th S. iii. 43). It
may be useful to supplement MR. GORDON
GOODWIN'S note on Sir Richard Hollo way
with a reference to my note at 9 th S. vi. 466.
A valued correspondent of 'N. & Q.' has
privately informed me that Sir Richard
Hollo way was baptized at St. Aldate's,
Oxford, on 21 October, 1627, and was buried
there on 21 December, 1699 (Parish Register).
He married Alice, daughter of John Smith,
98
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io* s. in. FEB. 4, 1905.
sometime Mayor of Oxford, by Elizabeth,
daughter of Henry Bos worth, of St. Giles's,
Oxford. She was baptized at St. Aldate's,
5 January, 1C41/2, and buried there on
10 September, 1672, having died on 7 Sep-
tember (Clark's 'Wood's City of Oxford,'
Oxf. Hist. Soc., iii. 133, 199, 450). For the
baptisms of their children, see the same
volume, p. 200. 1 suggest that, for conveni-
ence of future reference, the name of each
of the two judges mentioned in MR. GOOD-
WIN'S note should appear in the index to the
current volume of 'N. & Q.' separately.
H. C.
[H. C.'s suggestion had been anticipated.]
ARITHMETIC (10 th S. iii. 50). Has your
correspondent consulted a well-known work
entitled ' List of Arithmetic Books from the
Time of Printing to the Present Time,' drawn
up from actual inspection by Prof. Augustus
De Morgan, London, 1847 1 A copy can be seen
at the Corporation Library, Guildhall, E.C.
EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.
PENNY WARES WANTED (10 th S. ii. 369, 415,
456; iii. 16). In a very entertaining children's
story, ' Lady Anne, the Little Pedlar,' 1823,
I find the phrase " market-penny." It was
the term for the sixpences which market-
garden employes filched for themselves out
of the proceeds of the morning's sale at
Covent Garden, on their way back to the
gardens, in this case near Turnham Green.
PERCEVAL D. LUCAS.
"!LAND" (10 th S. ii. 348, 493). I do not
think the writers who have replied to my
query about " iland " have quite understood
the sentence in which it occurs. I am aware
that the words "iland" and "island" occur
as place-names far inland, but if your readers
will look at the sentence again they will see
it refers, not to the place or position of grow-
ing crops, but to the place, apparently, in the
"new barne" where the barley had been
stored. The sentence which follows in the
MS. states that "the 3rd, 4th, ^ 6th, 8th,
10th, and part of the llth dressings came
out of the middlestead [i.e , the threshing
floor] and first mow on the left hand in the
old barne."
This shows conclusively, to my mind, that
the word "iland" refers to some portion
of the "new barne" already mentioned ; but
why is it so called ? A. H. ARKLE.
At the present time there is a small, well-
defined area, covered by cottages with their
gardens, situated at Ringmer, Sussex, and
known as "the Iland." I have not seen it
spelt. None of the villagers whom I have
asked are aware why it is so called. Those
who live there are referred to as " up at the
Hand." This village of Ringmer, I may
mention, is very interesting, both to the
antiquary and the topographer. Further, it
was from Ringmer, at " The Delves," that
Gilbert White wrote some of his letters on
' The Natural History of Selborne,' or Ring-
mer, for the names qua natural history were
almost interchangeable.
WILLIAM MARTIN.
Temple, E.C.
FELIX BRYAN MACDONOUGH (10 th S. ii. 527).
CELT will find in The Gentleman's Maga-
zine for June, 1836, p. 672, one or two
additional particulars concerning Capt. Felix
M'Donough. In the notices of deaths it is
there stated that he died, steeped in poverty,
in that year, and had dragged on existence
as a bookseller's hack. EDWARD J. PARKER.
CELT has referred to 9 th S. x. 136, Has
he overlooked the communications given in
4 th S. iii. 300, 419 1
EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.
71, Brecknock Road.
BENJAMIN BLAKE : NORMAN : OLDMIXON
(10 th S. ii. 447 ; iii. 15). DR. GUSTAV KRUEUER
will find that Oldmixon is the name of a small
hamlet near Weston - super - Mare. John
Oldmixon, the Whig historian, was the
owner of that part of it in the parish of
Bleadon which his ancestors had held for a
good many generations. If existing, this
must be one of the rarest surnames in Eng-
land, as the family never seems to have
spread. In Collinson's ' History of Somerset '
(iii. 591) it is stated the place was formerly
called Oldmixton, but I find it Oldemixon
in an Inq. p.m. of 49 Edw. III.
It is not, however, very unlikely to have
been called so from having been the site of
an old mixen, a kitchen midden, or prehistoric
shell-mound.
Who that mysterious Sir John Oldmixon
was who died in America in 1818 is still an
enigma (3 nl S. xi. 399 ; xii. 76).
A. S. ELLIS.
Westminster.
SIR T. W. STUBBS (10 th S. ii. 189). I am
glad to say that since sending this query I
have obtained the information required from
Mr. Honorius Grant, of the British Con-
sulate, Oporto.
Sir Thomas married in 1799 Joanna
Candida de Seixos Barbosa, and died 27
April, 1844. For his services he was created,
18 December, 1833, Baron Villa Nova de Gaia,
and on 20 May, 1835, Visconde Villa Nova de
s. in. FEB. 4, 1905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
Gala. He commenced his military career in
the 50th British Kegiment, 20 July, 1793.
R. J. FYNMOKE.
Sandgate, Kent.
NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.
The Garrick Club. By Percy Fitzgerald, F.S.A.
(Stock.)
A PLEASANT and very readable account of the
Garrick Club has been supplied by Mr. Percy Fitz-
gerald, now for nearly thirty years a member. An
industrious and a voluminous author, principally
on subjects connected with the stage, Mr. Fitz-
gerald is eminently we may say exceptionally
qualified for the task he undertakes. Most of the
Srincipal social clubs, from the Athenaeum to the
riental, have found their historians ; and one poli-
tical club, the Reform, has enjoyed the same
privilege. Thanks to its possession of a magnificent
gallery of pictures, chiefly portraits of actors, pre-
sented to it by its members, the Garrick offers
special temptations to a writer devoted to theatrical
pursuits. The character of the early members, many
of whom were celebrated in literature or on the
stage, constitutes a further attraction. In a sense in
which the term can be used of no other institution
of like standing, the club is social. Membership
has from the outset involved something like the
dream of the French revolutionaries liberty,
equality, and fraternity while within the club
gates, and the admission of a member has enabled
him virtually to dispense with an introduction on
approaching his fellows. Conviviality was in the
early days a feature of the club, and still, though
in a less degree, continues ; and a share much larger
than is commonly allotted to general conversation
has prevailed. To describe the men brilliant,
fashionable, witty, erudite, or socially distinguished
who at different periods have frequented the
club is a task for Mr. Fitzgerald and not for the
critic of his volume. The club was distinguished
from the outset as a circle of wits, and the presence
among the early members of men such as Barham
(Ingoldsby), "Tom" Duncombe, Capt. Gronow,
Theodore Hook, Lockhart (we suppose this, who is
only called J. Lockhart, to have been John Gibson
Lockhart, the son-in-law and biographer of Scott),
the Mathewses (Charles and Charles James), John
Poole (of ' Paul Pry '), and James Smith, justifies the
use of the title. A full description of the manner
in which, through the generosity of Rowland
Durrant, concerning whom ordinary biographies
are silent, the Mathews collection of pictures
became the property of the club is supplied.
This noble collection, the value of which cannot
easily be overestimated, has received signal addi-
tions in subsequent years, and stands now, it is to
be supposed, in its line unrivalled. It is to be
wished that Mr. Fitzgerald were a more trust-
worthy guide, since his work is apt to be regarded
in some quarters as official or inspired by the
trustees or committee of the club, which is not the
case. A complete guide to the pictures is a desi-
deratum. On the task of preparing such more than
one competent pen is supposed to be engaged.
Reference is made to the exclusion from member-
ship of Thomas Campbell, in consequence, it is said,
of a costly habit in which he indulged of breaking
the glasses from which he had been drinking. Con-
siderable space is afforded Thackeray, whose por-
trait forms a frontispiece to the book, and a full
discussion is to be found of the dispute between
him and Edmund Yates, which led to the banish-
ment of the latter from the club and one of the not
infrequent resignations of Charles Dickens. It is
expedient that the truth should be known, and
Mr. Fitzgerald is an unprejudiced witness, whose
bias, if any existed, would be in the direction of
Dickens. There are many interesting portraits of
people named in the book, though comparatively
few of these are from club sources. The work is-
brightly written and eminently readable. It will
recommend itself to others besides the members of
the club with which it deals.
The American Revolution. By the Right Hon. Sir
George Otto Trevelyan, Bart. New Edition.
3 vols. (Longmans & Co.)
A REVISED and cheaper edition of Sir George
Trevelyau's ' American Revolution ' treads closely
upon the heels of the first edition. It is in some-
respects superior to the preceding work, and con-
tains a notable addition in an excellent portrait of
the author. So far as regards the first volume, a-
marked improvement has been effected. This,
originally published as Part I., and covering the
period from 1766 to 1776, has now been rearranged
and, to some extent, rewritten. What is judged
to be irrelevant has been expunged and replaced
by other matter, the result of subsequent dis-
covery or reflection ; the entire work has been,
arranged in chapters, consecutively numbered, and
the whole now forms a continuous and sustained
history of the period discussed. To the successive
volumes of the original edition we drew attention,
(see 9 th S. iii. 138 ; xii. 458), pointing out that the
history was written from an American standpoint
rather than a British, did full justice to the loyalty
of the American colonies until stirred by intoler-
able wrong, and showed in the clearest light the-
pigheadedness and incapacity of English manage-
ment and the rapacity and greed of English com-
merce. What we read concerning Russian mis-
management and rapine to-day is less astounding
than are the revelations of English dishonesty a
century and a quarter ago. Considering the point
of view taken, no less than the vivacity of the
pictures afforded, there is no cause for surprise
that the popularity of the work in America has
been as great as that in England. Something in.
the way of an approach to international amity haa
been fostered, if not aroused, by its appearance.
For the first time the American has been shown-
how large a proportion of what was best in English,
life and thought sympathized with him in his-
endeavour to throw off an unjust and abominable
yoke. From historical students and from statesmen
of authority Sir George has received assurances of
the salutary effects 01 his writing, while the more
enlightened portion of the American press has
welcomed the book as making for friendship. Most
important result of its appearance is the call on
the other side of the water for a recasting of those
American school-books which have preached ani-
mosity and encouraged dislike to Great Britain.
"It is manifest," says one periodical of wide circu-
lation and influence, " that most of our school his-
tories of the United States will have to be rewritten,
for the major part of them fail to recognize the
100
NOTES AND QUERIES. [HP s. m. FEB. 4, iocs.
momentous truth which the work before us must
be held to have established." In its present shape
the history is likely to be productive of further
benefit, simply because its perusal is more of a
pleasure and less of a task. The chapters dealing
with the conduct of affairs in England are still the
most animated, but those dealing with American
discontent and outbreak have gained greatly in
vivacity. No attempt has been made to modify
the view expressed concerning George III., who
remains the most sinister character in the book,
and whose influence is shown as constantly malig-
nant. Some interesting matter is furnished in
appendixes. The new edition will do much to
popularize a useful, readable, and in many respects
brilliant history.
The Shade of the Balkans. (Nutt. )
.FOR this collection of Bulgarian folk-song and pro-
verbs, for the first time rendered into English, and
for the essays, the popular poetry, and the origin of
the Bulgars with which it is associated, three writers
are responsible. Pencho Slaveikoff who is spoken
of as " the caged lion of Sofia " and as " the figure
of revolt "is answerable for the poems in the
original. Among other things noteworthy about
him, he is the owner of remarkable eyes: "Eyes
weary with the world's trouble, darkling eyes, eyes
of the twilit woods, then of a woodland faun, eyes
that lure you and dance away from you, eyes that
laugh at you and their owner, unbearable eyes."
"I.," otherwise "H. B.," otherwise Henry Bernard,
lias executed the translation and the notes, and
E. J. Dillon writes on ' The Origin and Language of
the Primitive Bulgars.' The book thus constituted
is a pleasant and valuable contribution to folk-lore.
Many of the songs are of great merit, and all are
full of character. Like most folk-lore poems, they
have a vein of deep melancholy, and are generally
in a minor key. Some of them recall Heine, notably
the ' Pomak' song, No. 42. Familiarity with scenes
of slaughter is continually manifested, and the
blood in which since 1876 Southern Bulgaria has
been steeped exercises a strong and easily per-
ceptible influence. The growth of flowers out of
the graves of unfortunate lovers, common in ballad
literature, is an occasional feature. In ' The Legend
of the Sweet Bash' it is thus said :
And from the grave of him a vine did grow,
And from the grave of her a blushing rose,
Because they loved each other all too well.
Other poems, such as ' The Samovila as Wife,' are
linked to legends of swan-maidens. Very strange
and quaint is 'The Last Journey of St. Peter's
Mother,' who, in spite of her son's position as janitor
of heaven, drops, for her miserliness and want of
sympathy, into hell, whence she is unable to escape.
Many of the proverbs are curious. Among such are
"God is not sinless; He created the world," with
its suggestion of Omar Khayyam ; " The man who
has looked life in the face fears not to die " ; " The
Heiduck's shadow is the scaffold." Profoundly
interesting are the introduction and essays. We
learn, however, with deep regret, that the songs
of the Bard of the Dimbovitza our admiration for
which is deep-seated are spurious, and are to be
classed with Ossian and similar works. They are
presumably "built by Mile. Helene Vacaresco,
decorated by Carmen Sylva, and rendered into
English most charmingly byMissAlmaStrettell."
The Roumanian peasant, we are told, " has not the
remotest idea of these songs ; of their form, of their
context, or of their language." Thus to be told
diminishes greatly the gratification we have received
from a work which, in that and other respects, is a
delight. Some of the stories are excellent. One
of a Royal Highness selling to an evening paper the
documents concerning his projected assassination
is staggering. There is some banter of the " pran-
cing procession of adjectives " of Mr. Edmund Gosse
when, after patronizing Norway and Holland, he
"was good enough to consider Bulgaria."
The Anatomy of Melancholy. By Robert Burton.
3 vols. (Bell & Sons.)
OF the numerous works forming part of " The
Standard Library," which is now issued in a new
and superior shape as " The York Library," we are
disposed to regard this with most favour. Reprints
of Burton's classic work are many, some of
them being very handsonie in shape. We know no
edition, however, prettier, more legible, cheaper,
and more convenient than this, which may, as
we have tested, be perused with comfort and
delight. It has a capital introduction and notes
trustworthy in the main, if not always impeccable,
reproduces in diminished size the quaint and signi-
ficant title-page of the original edition, and has an
excellent index. For the man who collects books
for the purpose of study the edition is ideal.
t&oiitt* t
We must call special attention to the following
notices :
ON all communications must be written the name
and address of the sender, not necessarily for pub-
lication, but as a guarantee of good faith.
WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately.
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ing queries, or making notes with regard to previous
entries in the paper, contributors are requested to
put in parentheses, immediately after the exact
heading, the series, volume, and page or pages to
which they refer. Correspondents who repeat
queries are requested to head the second com-
munication "Duplicate."
ST. SWITIIIN (" Pig hanging a Man "). N. M. & A.
are aware of the sheep story ; see their query. The
articles will be found 8 th S. viii., ix., xi.
E. S. DODGSON. We shall be pleased to forward
a communication to our contributor, whose anony-
mity we are obliged to respect.
H. P. L. (" Reprints from ' N. & Q.' "). A second
volume followed in 1859, entitled 'Choice Notes:
Folk-lore.' There was no other.
NOTICE.
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101
LQXDOX, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 11. 1SOS.
CONTENTS.-No. 59.
NOTES : St. Sepulchre, 101 William and John Talman,
103 Sufferings of Troops in Winter, 101 Proposed Temple
Bridge and County Hall Recent Finds in Westminster,
105 Shap, Westmorland Francis Bacon : Singular Ad-
dressChinook Jargon, 106.
QUERIES : "Maskyll" Queen of Duncan II., 107
Franciecus de Platea Mr. Fraser Rae and Junius Joseph
Wilfred Parkins Local 'Notes and Queries '" Caren-
tinilla" Gold v. Silver 'God save the King,' 108
George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham William Symson
Author of Quotation Wanted" Lamb " in Place-names
Fitz Warine Family Middleton " When our dear old
Catholic fathers "" Oh ! the pilgrims of Zion" "May
virtue all thy paths attend," 109.
REPLIES : Holyrood Font, 109 Torpedoes, Submarines,
and Rifled Cannon "The hungry forties "Heraldic
Mottoes Sothern's London Residence Con- Contraction
John Wesley and Gardens, 111 Royal Regiments of the
Line "Phil Elia" " Wassail," 112 Besant British
Merzotinters Anthony Brewer ' Hardyknute,' 113
The Chiltern Hundreds Dryden Portraits Epitaphs :
their Bibliography Queen's Surname Kant's Descent-
Blood used in Building, 114 Spirit Manifestations
" God called up t'rom dreams " " The " as part of Title
"Tourmaline" Verschoyle : Folden, 115 Baptist Con-
fession of Faith, 1660 Nelson in Fiction" God rest you
merry "Coliseums Old and New, 116.
NOTES ON BOOKS: Murray's ' Museums '' Cambridge
Modern History" 'Guide to Historical Novels' 'At
Shakespeare's Shrine ' 'Upper Norwood Atbenseum
Record' 'The Burlington ' Reviews and Magazines.
Obituary : Mr. T. Blashill; Rev. W. K. R. Bedford.
Notices to Correspondents.
ST. SEPULCHRE.
MR. HOLDEX MAC-MICHAEL conjectures at
10 th S. ii. 192 that the "Saint" in "St. Sepul-
chre" is redundant, and he states at the same
time that "Sepulchre' 1 is in reality merely a
contraction of " St. Pulchre."
This is an ingenious etymological effort.
It sounds at first plausible enough and allur-
ing, but on examination it would seem to
lead into a cul-de-sac and to a mare's nest.
MR. MAcMiCHAEL infers that the two words
Pulcheria and Pulchre are synonymous ; but
it would be interesting to learn on what
authority he connects the two.
It is necessary toqueiy, first of all, whether
there was ever any such a saint as " St. Pul-
chre." Personally, till now, I have never
come across such a one, either " at prayer "
or elsewhere, and indeed it is a question
whether "Pulchre" is really the French
equivalent for the Latin " Pulcheria." De
Mas Latrie in his ' Tresor de Chronologic,
d'Histoire et de Geographic,' and the writer
in Migne's ' Dictionnaire Hagiographique,'
both give the word "Pulcherie," and make
no reference at all to any saint " Pulchre/'
Other authorities are equally reticent.
However, the point at issue really resolves
itself into this, viz., To whom were the "Sepul-
chre" or "St. Sepulchre" churches dedicated?
This conundrum once settled, we shall either
have dissolved the new theory or given it a
fresh lease of life.
From the Bollandists ('Acta Sanctorum,'
10 September) and from other sources we
learn that many were the churches founded
by St. Pulcheria ; but it would be interesting
to discover even one church that was dedi-
cated to the holy empress herself. On the
other hand, it is well known that there have
been, and are still, a number of churches in
different lands that have borne the title of
" Sancti Sepulchri" (we may note the gender
of " Sepulchri," which is not masculine). In
England we have many such, and amongst
them several of great architectural interest,
each of which is in its way all but unique.
We may instance, for example, the so-called
"round churches "of Cambridge, of North-
ampton, of Little Maplestead in Essex, and
the Temple Church in London. Moreover, it
has been pretty well proved that the afore-
said circular churches (though sometimes
erroneously thought to have been Jewish
synagogues) were originally the property of
the Military Order of the Knights Templars,
with whom it was a common practice to build
round churches at the commanderies and
priories of the Order in imitation and com-
memoration of the great basilica of the Holy
Sepulchre at Jerusalem a church that it was
the end and object of the Order to defend.
In this connexion it may be well to quote the
opinion of the great architectural authority
Viollet-le-Duc, who in his 'Dictionnaire
Raisonne de 1'Architecture Francaise,' under
'Sepulchre' writes as follows: "L'Ordre
des Templiers elevait in chaque commanderie
une chapelle qui devait etre la representation
de la rotonde de Jerusalem." Nor was it
unnatural that the knights, many of whom
had, no doubt, been to Jerusalem, should
endeavour to produce at home a replica of
that far-off Sepulchre for which they were
pledged to live and to die, and in which their
hearts were already metaphorically buried.
These circular churches were often known
either as Temple or Sepulchre churches, and
there can be no doubt that they were replicas
(more or less) of the prototype at Jerusalem.
The knights built their first London (circular)
church at Holborn ; but later they removed
to the Temple. The site of the Holborn
Templar church is now occupied by South-
ampton Buildings.
In France there are the circular church
famous in the annals of the Templars at Paris,
which formed part of the most important
commandery of the knights in Europe ; the
102
NOTES AND Q UERIES.
s. in. FKB. n, 1903.
round church of St. Benignus of Dijon, which
was unquestionably an imitation of the
Jerusalem St. Sepulchre, as were, likewise,
the circular churches of Metz, in Lorraine,
and of Laon ; the rotunda of Lanleff, in the
department of C6tes-du-Nord, and the cir-
cular monument (evidently having the same
origin) at Rieux-Minervois, near Carcassonne.
In Italy we may note the round church of
St. Sepulchre at Brindisi, the ancient Brundu-
sium ; in Spain the exact replica of the
Holy Sepulchre to be found in the Templar
church of La Vera Cruz at Segovia, in which
there is a small chapel which is an exact
model of the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem
(' Impressions of Spain,' by Lady Herbert,
p. 621). All these, then, are imitations, in a
greater or less degree, of the Jerusalem
prototype, and, needless to say. they have
no connexion whatever with St. Pulcheria, or
with any " St. Pulchre."
But this is not all. We may cite as further
proof the testimony of the chroniclers who
mention the foundation of the little circular
church of Neuvy-Saint-Supulchre, in the
department of Indre, in France. They state
clearly that the church was constructed in
imitation of the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem,
and hence the name: "Fundata est ad
formain Sancti Sepulchri lerosolimitani "
(Viollet-le-Duc, 'Diet. d'Architecture'). The
resemblance to the prototype became in this
case still more complete when, in 1257, a
fragment of the tomb of our Saviour was
presented to the Chapter of Neuvy ; for the
relic was placed in a sort of grotto, erected in
the centre of the rotunda, in imitation of the
tomb of our Lord in the basilica at Jerusalem.
This grotto existed till 1806, when it was
destroyed by a cure of Neuvy, as it hid the
altar at the end of the nave (ibid.).
There is a similar instance in the case of
the Chapter House (Salle du Chapitre) of the
Cathedral of Constance, where there is a
monument which at one time was placed in
the cathedral itself, and which was intended
to serve the same purpose as that at Neuvy,
namely, to recall to mind the real tomb in
the centre of the rotunda of the Jerusalem
basilica.
But besides these circular churches, or
replicas, there are numerous non-circular
churches, up and down the land, which were
merely dedicated under the title of St.
Sepulchre. The church of St. Sepulchre at
Newgate, London, is one of these ; as are also
the St. Sepulchre church at Cambray, that
at St. Omer, and that in the diocese of
Angers ; the Augustinian church at Piacenza
in Italy, and the priory church of St.
Sepulchre de Sambleriis, in the diocese of
Troyes, in France. Under the same dedication
were the bishopric of Borgo San Sepolcro,
suffragan to the metropolitan see of Florence ;
the ruined Benedictine Priory at Canterbury ;
the hospital of St. Sepulchre at Hedon, or
Newton-St.-Sepulchre, in Yorkshire ; and the
hospital of St. Sepulchre belonging to the
Canons Regular of St. Sepulchre, which
used to exist at Warwick.
In mediaeval times there existed the Sacred
Military Order of the Knights of the Holy
Sepulchre. This Order was afterwards amal-
gamated by Pope Innocent VIII., in the year
1484, with the better-known Military Order
of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem
otherwise known as Knights Hospitalers,
Knights of Rhodes, or Knights of Malta ;
and consequent upon this union, the Grand
Master of the Knights of St. John incor
porated amongst his othertitles the additional
one of "Sancti Sepulchri Dominici humilis
Magister " a title held with distinction by
Prince Ceschi di Santa Croce, the Grand
Master lately deceased. This Military Order
of the Holy Sepulchre, properly so called,
is to be distinguished from the knighthood
of the same which is still conferred at the
Holy Sepulchre formerly by the Franciscan
Gustos of the Holy Land, and since 1861
by the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem, to-
whom the right of nomination to the knight-
hood was at that date transferred. In the
sacristy attached to the Latin Chapel in the
Church of the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem
is preserved the straight double-edged sword,
with cross-guard, of the renowned Godfrey
de Bouillon, which is still used by the
Patriarch in giving the accolade to the
knight-elect. Godfrey de Bouillon, the first
Latin King of Jerusalem, was also the first
Baron of the Holy Sepulchre. The badge of
the Military Order aforesaid is the red
patriarchal double-armed cross, and that of
the knighthood at least in more modern
times the fivefold cross of Jerusalem in-
red. In 'The Book of the Wanderings of
Brother Felix Fabri ' (1484, Palestine Pilgrim
Text Society) a most interesting account of
the dubbing of the Knights of the Holy
Sepulchre is given, as well as a sketch
indicating what would be expected of
them. This prolific writer also supplies no
fewer than forty arguments by which to
manifest how this of all knighthoods is quite
the best.
And last, but not least, there is the
ecclesiastical feast and Officium Divinum
of the Holy Sepulchre, observed, in some
places at least, on the Second Sunday after
s. in. F. 11, 1905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
103
Easter. The Collect of this feast runs as
follows :
"Donrine Jesu Christe, qui pro nobis mortem
subire, et Sepulchre depositus tertia die resurgere
voluisti : concede nobis famulis tuisut qui Sepulchri
tui memoriam recoliruus, resurrectionis quoque
gloria; participes esse mereamur. Qui vivis et
regnas," &c. Breviarium Mouasticum : iSupple-
mentuni pro diversitate Locorum, &c.
It may be of interest to those outside
Catholic circles to know that, even in this
twentieth centurj 7 , canonesses of the Holy
Sepulchre still exist in England, at Xew
Hall, Chelmsford. Xew Hall itself is not
without interesting historical associations.
In 1517 it came into the possession of
Henry YIIL, who purchased it either from
the then Bishop of London, or, according to
Camden, from Anne Boleyn's father. Henry
gave it the name of Beaulieu, and not a few
of his State Papers were " given from our
Palace of Beaulieu." The name Beaulieu
leads up to a curious coincidence, for Fulk
of Xerra ; Count of Anjou, founded a Bene-
dictine monastery "in honore Sancti Sepul-
chri " near Loches in Touraine, to which the
name of Bellus Locus was given, which in
the French is Beaulieu (9 th S. viii. 397).
Finally, we have a corruption of St.
Sepulchre in "Selskar" Abbey, Wexford.
The church attached to this ancient Danish
abbey was dedicated to SS. Peter and Paul,
but in the time of the Crusades a chapel was
added to it, in which were deposited some
relics of the Holy Sepulchre, and the devotion
thus stirred up caused the original dedication
to be almost forgotten, and the place came to
be known as " St. Sepulchre " Abbey, which
was later on corrupted into "Selskar."
Vide ' Danish Wexford,' by John Cullen, Irish,
Ecclesiastical Record, 1882.
All this seems to show clearly that the
' ; saint "in St. Sepulchre is by no means a
mere redundancy, and that, on the other
hand, it is simply the equivalent to "holy,"
which in its turn is the natural term applied
to the tomb of our Lord the Sanctum
Sepulchrum par excellence. Possibly this
may suggest a truer piece of etymology.
ME. MAcMlCHAEL may not be aware that
the vulgar pronunciation of St. Sepulchre
at Xorthampton is " St. Pulker's," and that
the church of the name is known indifferently
either as " St. Pulker's " or as " Pulker's
Church " the latter for preference. Does
this throw light upon the mysterious "St.
Pulchre " ?
To conclude, may I ask whether any
reader of ' X. <fc Q.' has ever come across a
church in any part of Western Christendom
dedicated to St. Pulcheria, or any church, in
any part of the world, named after "St.
Pulchre " 2 Or does any one know of an actual
instance of the " Saint-Pulchre " being con-
verted into "Sepulchre" or "Sepulchre"?
Should this information not be forthcoming,
I fear that in all probability " St. Pulchre''
will transmigrate into her own sepulchre ^
and, if so, may she rest there in pace.
B. W.
Fort Augustus.
[See also 9 th S. x. 445.]
WILLIAM AND JOHN TALMAX.
To the interesting article on the Talmans-,
father and son, in the ' Diet. Xat. Biog.' I
can add a few particulars from Clutterbuck's
and Cussans's histories of Hertfordshire and
other sources.
William Talman, architect and Comptroller
of the Works to William III., was the second
son of William Talman, of Westminster, gent.,,
by his wife Sibilla, daughter of James
Morgan, of Westminster, "cordwinder." By
will dated 5 January, 1662'3, and proved
26^ February following (P.C.C. 25, Juxon),.
William Talman, senior, left his freehold
estate "in East Coate, Wilts, which I lately
purchased of \Ym. Shergall," to his elder son
Christopher ; while his son William was to
inherit "all my Collidge Lease and the three
tenements thereby demised being in King
streete, Westminster." The Eastcott pro-
perty is now in Easterton, which was formed
in 1875 from the parish of Market Lavington,
and the name Shergall still survives (as
" Shergold ") in the village.
William Talman, the son, purchased the
manor of Felmingham, in Xorfolk, where he
died. His will, dated 18 October, 1719, with
a codicil dated 22 Xovember following, was
proved by his widow Hannah on 10 February.
1719/20 (P.C.C. 44, Shaller). Therein he
bequeathed to his eldest son John his estate
in the Xew Itiver, his chambers in Gray's
Inn (for life), and all his collections of draw-
ings, prints, and books. He had also paid off
the mortgage on the Hinxworth estate upon
his son's marriage (between 3 July, 1716,.
and 18 October, 1719) with Frances, second
daughter of John Cockayne, of that place.
He directed " all and every my Potts and
Statues "to be sold towards the payment of
debts and legacies.
His eldest son, John Talman, F.S.A., made
his will on 7 March, 1719/20, as of Hinxworth,.
Herts, and he desired to be buried in the
chancel of the church, on the south side of
the altar. His collections of "drawings,
bookes, and prints bound or in portefoglio's
relateiug to Ecclesiasticall buildings and
104
NOTES AND QUERIES. UO-S.III.FEJ, 11,1905.
Ornaments," were originally bequeathed by
him to Trinity College, Cambridge ; but,
shortly before his death, increases in his
family obliged him to revoke this bequest
(by codicil, signed 4 August, 1726), and order
the collections to be sold. His will was
proved on 9 February, 1726/7, by his widow
Frances (P.C.C. 53, Farrant).
Clutterbuck (iii. 529-30) and Cussans
('Odsey Hundred,' p. 12) give the inscrip-
tions to John and Frances Talman, on slabs
on the floor of the chancel of Hinxworth
Church, as follows :
" Here lyes the Body of John Talman, a person
of excellent learning and strict religion and
honesty, who spent near twenty years in Travels
through France, Germany, and Italy, in which
time he made a fine collection of the most curious
paintings and drawings of the noblest buildings
and curiosities in those Countrys : upon his return
into England he married Frances, the daughter of
John Cockayn, of this parish, Gent, and had by
her six children, four [.sic] of which survived him,
viz., Frances, Anne, Mary, John, and Elizabeth.
He departed this life the 3rd of November, 1726,
much lamented by all gentlemen of his acquaint-
ance, aged 40 years."
"Frances, relict of John Talman, Esq rc , died
March 22nd, 1732, aged 46 years. Her body lyeth
buried by her said husband."
GORDON GOODWIN.
SUFFERINGS OF TROOPS IN WINTER.
(See ante, p. 21.)
THE following are some further extracts
from General Maxwell's letters from the
Crimea. They give interesting particulars
as to the much improved conditions under
which the army had to face the second
.winter of the siege :
Camp [before Sebastopol],
1 July, 1S55.
Long before this you will have heard of our lass
in poor old Raglan's death. A better loved man
never was whether or not he was a great General
I know not ; but his death is a most undoubted loss
to this army. I have no doubt that our failure of
the 18th June* had a good deal to say to his death,
as any depression of spirits is much against a man
attacked with the prevailing complaint here. Who
will succeed him no one can tell. In the meantime
Simpson commands. We are working away, both
the French and ourselves, making fresh batteries to
try and catch the ships in the harbour. It is not a
harbour, but more like our Scotch lochs, about a
mile wide. If we could destroy the shipping it
would be a great point gained. What our future
plans are to be I cannot tell I suppose another
bombardment and then an assault. Our Brigade
will have its turn next time: we were most fortunate
last time in haying had splendid cover, and not a
man hit. I begin to look forward to another winter
here with dread : it is indeed a dismal look out.
* The assault on the Redan, IS June, 1855.
We shall be well found in everything, which will
make it more bearable than last winter ; but those
trenches in winter nothing can make bearable.
Something favourable may turn up for us in the
meantime. We are all heartily tired of the siege,
as you may well fancy. The Russians must be more
tired of it than we are, that 's one comfort. The
Mail arrived to-day ; no letter from home. No
news is good news. Poor old Lord Raglan's body
is to be put on board ship to-morrow. A funeral
procession of French and English is to do the
honours to the poor old man. Report says that we
niay expect a fight soon in the country. Our cavalry,
it is said, are to move out on Wednesday. This is
Monday, high time for the plungers to do some-
thing, for the working parts of the army hold them
very cheap indeed, altnough I suppose they will do
their work when called on, and the sooner that is
the better.
Coddrington* will do, I think. I would rather
have had Sir Colinf if the war goes on. Next spring
will see some work done. Don't believe the news-
paper accounts of drunkenness. There is too much,
but it is not nearly so bad as they make out. I
have had for the last three months on an average
450 men in camp. In that time 115 cases of drunken-
ness have been brought before me rather more
than 1 a day out of 450 men. There is no passing
cases over ; every man who comes home drunk is
punished.
Camp, 24 December, 1855.
I suppose you see by my letters that we are all
getting on famously now, the men well fed, clothed,
easily worked, and very well. Long may it last !
About a third of the army is still under canvas, and
must remain so for the rest of the winter ; but the
men in tents have double tents and wooden floors
to keep them off the damp ground, so they are not
to be pitied. Most of the officers have built
tolerably comfortable huts for themselves. Govern-
ment have given us none, as we were led to expect.
Guessing as much, I encouraged the officers to
build for themselves, giving them every assistance.
The consequence is that they are mostly housed,
and very comfortable the houses are. VVe get
supplies enough now, paying enormous prices for
everything, especially at this time ; but they must
be had. Our weather hitherto on the state of
which so much of our comfort depends has been
very fine. Of late we have had the thermometer as
low as 6 below zero, but it is healthy weather ;
although too cold for pleasure, it is better than wet.
We are looking out for some more promotions
coming out. The last Brevet did nothing for not
the least deserving men in the army the command-
ing officers of regiments and we all confidently
expect something to be done for us.
Camp, 4 February. 1856.
What do you all think about this peace ? The first
accounts we received took us all by surprise, and gave
universal satisfaction here with a few exceptions
every one was pleased, all being tired of the war.
I must confess that my first feeling was of sorrow
when I heard that peace was to be. "Our occu-
pation's gone," was my thought. I thought of self
first, but I soon changed my mind, and if peace is
* Sir Wm. Codrington, K.C.B., who succeeded
i James Simpson as Commander-in-Chief.
t Sir Colin Campbell, afterwards Lord Clyde.
s. iii. FEB. 11, 1905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
105-
established. I shall be as glad as my neighbours.
We should have had a splendid army about
70,000 English in tip-top order, besides Turkish
contingent and Germans. We were busy looking
to our men's appointments, &c., to be ready for the
field, and are so still ; but can't enter into the spirit
of the thing, knowing that it will be of no use. We
may have one more campaign, and, if so, you will
see what our arms can do. If one only reflects on
the dreadful waste of life caused by war, he never
would wish for its prolongation. For instance,
take the case of the 46th Regiment :
Men
Left England from first to last (exclusive of
officers) 1,287
Died in camp 270
In hospital at Scutari 288
Invalided to England (many of
whom died) 185
752 752
Our present strength 535
And there are many regiments have been as much
cut up a sad waste of life, so the sooner it is over
the better.
T. F. D.
THE PROPOSED TEMPLE BRIDGE AND COUNTY
HALL. The much-discussed proposal of Mr.
Bennett to build a new bridge across the
Thames east of Somerset House, and erect
thereon an arcaded building to accommodate
the London County Council and its staff, has
not as yet been recorded in these pages. The
principal features of the structure are to be
its fine hall, a tower rising 445 ft. from the
bridge, and the entire use of its roadway for
electric trams, &c., with footpaths on either
side.
The whole suggestion has been described
in some detail and illustrated in The Daily
Graphic, 7 January, Daily Chronicle and
Morning Leader, 9 January.
Mr. Bennett refers to old London Bridge
and the existing Ponte Yecchio at Florence
as suggestions of this ambitious scheme, but
he apparently quite overlooked the proposal
brought forward by Mr. Thomas Mosley,
civil engineer, of Bristol, who in 1843
suggested improving Waterloo Bridge in
almost an identical manner. The Pictorial
Times for 5 August, 1843, contains three
excellent illustrations and a long explanatory
note of the idea :
" The first sketch represents the elevation of a
structure proposed and designed by Mr. Thomas
Mosley to^be erected over the whole length and
breadth of Waterloo Bridge, constituting a room or
gallery with an uninterrupted promenade in the
middle of the room the whole length of the building.
It is also proposed to construct a conservatory over
the room extending the length of the three centre
arches The fabric will be supported either
entirely by cast-iron pillars and arches or by a
combination of stone and iron The room or
gallery is proposed to be appropriated to the
exhibition and sale of works of art, scienae, and
literature, from all parts of the world, and to be
denominated the European Universal Gallery [:].
The undertaking is an extensive one ; but as
the bridge has hitherto, in a monetary point of
view, been a failure, it is more than probame that
the projected change will be made, since the rent
of the proposed arcade would be a source of
permanent revenue.' 1
The design was submitted to Prince Albert,,
but it did not advance beyond the discussion
stage. Probably it was too bold an under-
taking for the times. ALECK ABRAHAMS.
RECENT FINDS IN WESTMINSTER. The
whole of the district in the immediate
neighbourhood of the Abbey is of much
interest, but perhaps Great College Street
and some of the adjacent streets nave the
greatest claim upon our attention, for there-
abouts have been found, at different times,,
many evidences clearly bringing out the
antiquity of this spot. The hand of the
spoiler has been sadly felt here, and to all
appearance will, in the near future, be laid
heavily upon it again. In my various notes
on 'Westminster Changes' I have alluded
to much that has been begun, and the shoring-
up of other houses indicates that much more
is intended. I now wish merely to call
attention to some of the relics of the past
found in the small area bounded by Tuftort
Street (a portion of which was long known
as Bowling Street, and yet earlier as Bowling.
Alley) on the west, the mill-stream or Great
College Street (which figures on so many
old maps as the " Dead Wall ") on the north.,
and Barton Street on the east. This plot of
ground had upon it many houses, in two
blocks, divided by a little court or alley, now-
done away with and built over, known as
Black Dog Alley (see 10 th S. ii. 5, 118, 174).
Most of the houses were of reputed eighteenth-
century work, although experts haveexpressed
an opinion that there were traces in some of
them pointing to a seventeenth - century
origin. This space of ground has been
cleared, and upon it have been erected a
house for the Cowley Fathers, and a building
to be utilized by Westminster School. The
old mill-stream formerly meandered along
the line of Great College Street, and during
recent excavations traces were noticed of a
brick culvert or bridge; and in what was
formerly the course of the stream were dis-
covered a variety of small articles, while
others were found within a score of feet
thereof. These were shown at a recent
meeting of the Architectural Association by
Mr. E. Prioleau \Yarren, who had prepared
106
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io- s. m. FKB. n, 1005.
a paper on them, but on account of his illness
it had to be read for him. There were several
pieces of pottery, some spoons, knives, and
a few glass bottles. Some of the spoons were
of pewter, others of brass. Upon a few
were initials, one being marked with "S. G.,"
and another with " H." To these the date of
the middle of the seventeenth century has
been assigned. One is marked with " T. S.,"
and is thought to belong to the period
1680-90. The knives were considered to
belong mostly to the seventeenth century,
but one is, not improbably, of an earlier
date. The author of the paper bought a
"greybeard" jug, which when purchased
was corked down, and when opened was
found to contain a variety of small articles ;
and he says that he has little doubt " as to
the nature of this deposit inside a corked
jug, found in the clay of the mill-stream
bank." The articles were " a small piece of
cloth or serge formerly red of the shape
of a heart, and stuck full of round-headed
brass pins, a small quantity of supposed
human hair, and some clippings of finger-
nails." Mr. Warren thinks that they con-
stituted a "malevolent charm," the intended
victim of which was most likely a woman.
These old-world relics are of vast interest,
but probably the most interesting was a
portion of the shrine of St. Edward, which
it is supposed was carried away at the time
of the Reformation. It is pleasing to be
able to record, upon the authority of the
Dean of Westminster, that this fragment
has been restored to the Abbey authorities.
For the particulars here given I am
indebted to Mr. Reuben Vlrich, who was
present at the^meeting, and I thought the
matter of sufficient interest for preservation
in <N. &.Q.' W. E. HARLAND-OXLEY.
Westminster.
SHAP, WESTMORLAND. I beg to point out
to Mr. R. D. Trimmer and Mr. 0. G. Crump
<see ' Calendar of Charter Rolls,' 1903, i. 594),
to Father Gasquet (see Transactions Royal
Historical Society, xvii. 3, and ' Collectanea
Anglo-Prsemonstratensia,' i. viii.), and to all
others whom it may concern, that the village
and abbey of Shap are in the county \of
Westmorland. As a matter of fact they are
at least six miles from the nearest point in
Cumberland, to which county they are
ascribed by the gentlemen in question.
There seems no adequate reason for depriv-
ing Westmorland of the only monastery it
possesses. Q. V.
FRANCIS BACON : SINGULAR ADDRESS. My
attention has been drawn to the following
singular address to Bacon, which appears on
the third leaf of ' The Attourney's Academy,'
by Thomas Powell, third edition, 4to, 1030 :
" To true Nobility and Tryde Learning, beholden
to no Mountaine for Eminence, nor supportment
for his Height, Francis, Lord Verulam, and
Viscount St. Albanes.
give me leave to pull the Curtaine by,
That clouds thy worth in such obscurity,
Good Seneca, stay but a while thy bleeding
T' accept what I received at thy Reading :
Here I present it in a solemne straine,
And thus I pluckt the Curtayne back agaiue.
The same
Thomas Powell."
1 do not think that this passage has yet been
used by any of the Bacon-Shakespeare advo-
cates, though it is pretty sure to be no%v
seized upon by them. I do not myself think
that it lends any fresh support to their cause,
though it may, no doubt, be so handled as to
seem to do so. Powell has other dedications
or addresses couched in somewhat similarly
mysterious terms, so that we need not lay too
much stress upon this one. As I conceive,
the lines mean no more than that Powell,
considering that Bacon, like Seneca, was
unjustly degraded and punished, offers him
the assurance of his gratitude for the instruc-
tion which he had received from him, either
orally or from his writings ; and also expresses
his unabated faith in the worth and integrity
of his preceptor. But I am not sanguine
enough to hope that so simple an explana-
tion as this will be accepted by the Baconians.
BERTRAM DOBELL.
THE CHINOOK JARGON. In most parts of
the world, where Englishmen come into
regular contact with native races, some form
of mixed language springs up as a means of
communication. Pidgin English is the best
known, and has been exhaustively illustrated
by Leland in his 'Pidgin English Sing-Song.'
Even more curious is the Chinook Jargon,
which has been an object of interest to
philologists for a century; but it is only since
the discovery of gold in the Yukon territory
that it has penetrated to any extent into our
literature. Our dictionaries have not as yet
included much Chinook only a few botanical
terms, names of roots and fruits, such as
camas,2)owitch,iva2)p&too. The general reader,
however, now finds Chinook words, not only
in works of travel, but especially in the con-
stantly swelling volume of fiction written
around the Klondyke. There is one novel
with a Chinook title, ' The Chicamon Stone,'
by C. Phillipps-Wolley, chicamon being the
jargon word for "gold." And I cherish the
memories of at least two heroines with
Chinook names, viz., Jack London's Tenas
s. m. FEB. ii, i90o.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
107
Hee-hee ("Little Laughter") and Elizabeth
Robins's Princess Muckluck. One need only
turn over the fine stories of these two authors
to become quite learned in the jargon. One
favourite expression is che-cha-quo, as London
writes it, although it is really two words,
and not three (eke, new, and chaquo, come).
Elizabeth Robins spells it c/ieckalko, where
the I is intended to be silent, and she often
uses it attributively, e.g., "chechalko boots"
(' Magnetic Xorth,'p. 31), " checJialko persons,"
&c. It means a greenhorn, new-comer, tender-
foot, the "griffin " of Anglo-Indians. Potlach
is a gift, the "curashaw" of Pidgin English.
Puck-a-puck is a fight, and muck-a-muck means
food generally, corresponding to Pidgin Eng-
lish chow-chow. Turn-turn is the heart, and,
according to Mr. Hale, is intended to repre-
sent its beating, but we have a shrewd sus-
picion that it is just our own "tummy."
tiiwash, a term applied to Indians of different
tribes, is said to be from the French sauvaye.
There are several Russian and Siberian words
still current in Alaska, relics of the Russian
occupation. Our novelists use bidarra (canoe),
2wka (fur coat), and tundra (moorlands),
which are Russian, while shaman (sorcerer)
and nerka fa kind of salmon) are Tunguse.
JAMES PLATT, Jun.
WK must request correspondents desiring in-
formation on family matters of only private interest
to affix their names and addresses to their queries,
in order that the answers may be sent to them
direct.
"MASKYLL." In a petition of the Commons
dated 1432 ('Rolls of Parliament,' iv. 405),
which complains of deterioration in the
quality of the wines of Saxony and
Guienne, it is stated that these wines
had formerly not more than four or five
inches of lees in the "tonne maskyll," and
three or four inches in the pipe. What
was the "tonne maskyll"? and what is the
etymology of the distinguishing epithet?
Are there any other instances in which this
term is used, either in English or in any
other language 1 HEXRY BRADLEY.
Clarendon Press, Oxford.
QUEEX OF DUXCAX II. Who was the
Queen of King Duncan II. of Scotland, d.
1094] It has been very generally assumed
that King Duncan married Ethelreda of
Duubar, daughter of Earl Gospatric and
sister of Waldef I. of Allerdale. The autho-
rity for this marriage appears to be a docu-
ment known as the ' Cronicon Cumbria?,' of
which there seem to be three versions. The
copy in Dugdale has the following paragraph
relating to the marriage and connexion with
Waldef and his son Alan :
"Cui Alauo successit Willelmus films Doncani,
comes de Murreyse, nepos ipsius Alani et hreres,
procreatus ex Ethreda sorore Waldevi patris sui."
' Monasticon, 3 iii. p. 585.
The .copy in Canon Prescott's 'Register of
Wetheral Priory ' has not got the final words
" patris sui," but the deed by Bain from
the Tower Records has, and it may be given
here as it is practically a translation :
" And William FitzDuncan, formerly Earl of
Murreve [Moray], nephew of said Alan, begotten
of Ethelreda, sister of his father Waldeve, suc-
ceeded to Alan. 1 ' ' Calendar of Documents,' ii. p. 16.
The extraordinary thing is that Mr. Bain
overlooked the absurdity of the document or
translation, for how could William Fitz-
Duncan the alleged son of Alan's aunt be
Alan's nephew] A short tabular pedigree
makes the point more clear:
Waldef
Ethelreda
Alan William FitzDuncan.
But there is another confusing point : in
the Dugdale and Prescott copies of the docu-
ment it is stated that Octreda, i.e. Ethelreda,
married Waldeve, son of Gilmin. It there-
fore seems clear that the ' Cronicon Gumbrise '
must not be trusted where it is not corrobo-
rated by other deeds. A further instance
of its untrustworthy character may be given.
William FitzDuncau is said to have married
Alice, daughter of Robert de Rumely, and
the editors of ' Scottish Kings ' and the ' Scots
Peerage ' have been misled into adopting that
view. But Alice de Rumeli in her charter to
St. Bees gives her father's name as William
Meschin.
It appears to me extremely doubtful that
King Duncan married Ethelreda, sister of
Waldef, and it would be interesting to dis-
cover the name of his queen. The fact that
Duncan was Earl of Moray before he suc-
ceeded to the throne suggests an alliance
between him and the daughter of Lulach of
Moray. This point is of the utmost import-
ance, and curiously enough it has been totally
overlooked by Scots genealogists. The mere
fact that Duncan was Earl of Moray settles
the real origin of the Morays, for the identity
of Alexander de Moravia (1089-1150), the
ancestor of the Moray s of Skelbo and Culbin,
can no longer remain uncertain. He was be-
yond doubt son of Duncan, and identical with
Alexander, the nephew of King Alexander,
who attested the foundation charter of Scone
108
NOTES AND QUERIES, cio* s. m. FEB. n, 1905.
in 1116. Alexander de Moravia evidently
held out against King Alexander in Suther-
land, the country of his grandmother Ingi-
biorg. Sir .Robert Gordon, in his original
MS. of the 'Earldom of Sutherland,' makes
an Alexander first of the family, and there
can be little doubt that Alexander de Moravia
was lord of Sutherland, because about 120C
Hugh Freskin conveyed half of Sutherland
to St. Gilbert, who gave the lands to his
brother Sir Richard de Moravia, of Skelbo
and Culbin. As St. Gilbert and Sir Richard
were grandsons of Alexander, the princely
gift can only be explained on the ground
that they had some hereditary right to the
district. As most of the great houses oi
Murray* descend from Skelbo and Culbin it
would be well to ascertain further proof of
the latter's descent from Duncan, as well as
the real name of Duncan's queen.
D. M. R.
FRANC-ISCUS DE PLATEA. There is an
edition of the ' Explanatio in Psalterium ' by
Turrecremata, of which Zapf has given an
account. It is also noticed by General
Hawkins in his work on early printing. It
bears the imprint Craca. The British
Museum has recently acquired another book
viz., Franciscus de Platea, 'Restitutiones,'
&c. printed in the same types as the
' Explanatio.' _ It bears the date 1475, but
no place of printing, and it has a watermark,
the cross-keys looped, found in books printed
in^Poland. At the end of the work are two
shields exactly similar in form to those used
by Peter Schoeffer. The dexter shield bears
the letters I H C, the sinister the single initial
M. Can any reader inform me what these
letters stand for 1 I am much interested in
finding out. S. J. ALDEICH.
MR. FRASER RAE AND JUNITJS. The late
Mr. Fraser Rae was, as is well known,
a persistent investigator of the mystery
surrounding the authorship of the Junius
letters. Though he succeeded in putting
some of the suspects out of court, he added
others, and so left the question in the same
perplexing obscurity. Lately in conversation
he hinted that he knew who the writer of the
letters was, but when asked why he did not
disclose the fact he replied, " That 's a card I
mean to keep up my sleeve." Among the
papers Mr. Rae left behind him, can any
confirmation be found for the above state-
ment ? T
Bath.
JOSEPH WILFRED PARKINS. Can any of
your readers tell me when this gentleman
died, and where he was buried ? In his day
Joseph Parkins was a notorious character.
He was elected Sheriff of London in
1819, and at the end of his term of office
was censured by the Court of Common
Council. Henceforth he was always known
as " the Ex," or the " XXX Sheriff." For
some time he was the champion of Olive,
" Princess of Cumberland," and he was also
on the side of Queen Caroline. During the
Fauntleroy sensation he was very prominent.
In 1825 he came forward as a candidate for
Carlisle. For many years the London papers
were full of his letters. Once he thrashed
the editor of The Morning Herald ; he engaged
in fisticuffs frequently with those who
differed from him ; he often appeared in the
law courts. When did this remarkable man
die ? H. W. B.
LOCAL ' NOTES AND QUERIES.' Your
American readers would often be assisted
in making researches upon English topics if
there was available a fairly complete list of
English local Notes and Queries, including
not only separate periodicals, properly so
designated, but the names of newspapers
conducting 'Xotes and Queries' columns.
The list should give the usual bibliographical
information as to style and place of publica-
tion, date commenced, and date discontinued,
if no longer current. I should like to see
some attempts made, with the Editor's per-
mission, to compile such a list.
EUGENE F. McPiKE.
Chicago, U.S.
[Lists appeared 8" 1 S. ii. 423, 509, and a correction
at iii. 73. The demands on our space prevent us
from reprinting those lists, but room may be found
for supplementary contributions, such as Yorkshire.
Notes and Queries, noticed 10 th S. i. 320.]
" CARENTINILLA." This word, correctly
rendered " canvas " by Trice-Martin's 'Record
Interpreter ' (it is not in Du Cange), occurs
not infrequently in English documents, as
the material for " wool-sheets." Was it an
English fabric ? The distinctive part of the
name is clearly derived from quadraainta ;
but does it mean that there were forty threads
to the inch, or forty to the nail ? Q. V.
GOLD v. SILVER. Do the relative quantities
of gold and silver known to exist correspond
approximately to the relative conventional
values of those metals ? A. S. P.
' GOD SAVE THE KING.' I desire a referen c e
to what appeared to be an authoritative pro-
nouncement, in the form of an official letter,
in the public prints of 1901 or 1902, as to the
roper rendering of the opening lines of
PGod save the King.' Is the right version
io* 8. in. FEB. 11, 1905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
109
that with " noble " in the first two lines, as
superseding the " gracious " which was
adopted through the reign of Queen Victoria ?
I think so, but have not found the published
letter above named. W. B. H.
GEORGE VILLIERS, DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM,
was assassinated at Portsmouth by John
Felton on 23 August, 1628. Charles I., being
then at Southwick (about six miles^ from
Portsmouth), the seat of Sir Daniel Norton,
had notice of the event sent to him.
Is it known who took that notice to the
king ? and if so, who was he 1 C. MASON.
29, Emperor's Gate, S.W.
WILLIAM SYMSON. I possess a copy of
4 The Christian Synagogue,' by John Weemse,
of Lathoquar, 1623. In this volume an intro-
ductory letter is signed William Symson.
Will any one kindly tell me who he was and
where an account of him may be found ?
W. S.
AUTHOR OF QUOTATION WANTED.
" There never was anything by the wit of man
so well devised or so sure established which in con-
tinuance of time hath not been corrupted."
W. T. L.
[Part of the Preface to the Prayer Book.]
"LAMB" IN PLACE - NAMES. Would any
reader be kind enough to give me informa-
tion on this subject ? I am already aware
that there is a Lamb-ley in Northumber-
land and in Notts ; a Lambs-ley in the Isle
of Wight ; a Lamb-(b)rook in Somerset ; and
a Lamb-(b)ourn and a Lamb-wood in Berks,
tfcc. But I should be glad to know of other
instances, especially of a Lamb-hill, Lamb-
well or Lambs- well, or of a Lamb-spring.
"Well"' and "spring" not infrequently
occur in place-names, but I have never come
across (in England) a Lambs-well or a Lamb-
spring. Though beside the point rather, I
may add that there is an interesting inn
sign at Frome, in Somerset, called, not " The
Lamb and Flag," but "The Lamb and
Fountain." B. W.
Fort Augustus.
FITZ WARINE FAMILY. It is generally
accepted that Warine, founder of the baronial
house of Fitz Warine, was a member of the
ruling family of Lorraine. If, as seems pro-
bable, and as Eyton suggests, he is identical
with Warine the Sheriff, from the charters
in Dugdale's ' Monasticon,' he had a brother
named Reginald, and a son named Hugh. As
he must be considered the patriarch of the
Quarterly per fesse indented cult in armorial
descent, it is a question of interest to defi-
nitely ascertain his parentage. Perhaps some
of his descendants who are more familiar
with early continental pedigrees than I am
may be able to assist. H. R. LEIGHTON.
East Boldon R.S.O., Durham.
MIDDLETON. The claim, under this family
name, in re the late New River Company, is
indisputable ; but Stow tells of a John Mid-
dleton who brought a water supply from
Highbury to Cripplegate about 1483. Is this
worthy recorded historically ? A. H.
" WHEN OUR DEAR OLD CATHOLIC FATHERS."
About forty years ago a song was common
in Liverpool and district having the refrain,
" When our dear old Catholic fathers ruled in
Ireland long time ago," or words to that
effect. What was the poem ] or in what
book may a copy of it be seen 1 C. W.
"On! THE PILGRIMS OF ZiON." Can any
of your readers inform me if the following,
which appears in the commencement of
'The Wages of Sin,' by Lucas Malet, is by
her, or only quoted ?
Oh ! the pilgrims of Zion will find a sure rest ;
Shout to the Lord of glory !
Like tired birds in a swinging nest,
They'll be cradled to sleep on Abraham's breast.
Shout to the Lord of glory !
I asked the question at 9 th S. x. 408, but
failed to receive a reply. E. M. SOTHEBY.
"MAY VIRTUE ALL THY PATHS ATTEND."
Will any of your readers kindly inform us,
directly if possible, who wrote a short poem
commencing with this line, and in what
work it can be found ?
L. STANLEY JAST, Chief Librarian.
Croydon Public Libraries.
HOLYROOD FONT.
(10 th S. iii. 30.)
PROBABLY no more definite information as
to this font exists, or is obtainable, than was
brought together in a contribution to the
Society of Antiquaries of Scotland by Wil-
liam Galloway, architect, which appears on
pp. 287-302 of the first volume of the new
series of their Proceedings, 1878-9. He nar-
rates the accredited gift of " the gret brasyn
fount" by Abbot Bellenden to Holyrood
Abbey towards the close of the fifteenth
century ; its being carried away, with other
loot, by Sir Richard Lee, of Sopwell, who
accompanied Hertford's destructive invasion
of Scotland in 1544 ; its presentation by him
to the parish church of St. Stephen at St.
Albans (along with the brass lectern, still
110
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io< s. m. F C . 11, 1905.
there, which was looted at the same time) ;
the inscription lie put upon it that, originally
designed for the baptism only of the children
of kings, it now offers the same service for
the meanest of the English ; and its ultimate
melting down into money in the reign of
Charles I. during the Civil Wars, a century
later.
There appears to be no actual description
of the font. It is variously called a fair font
of solid brass, a very noble font of solid brass,
an eminent font of solid brass, and a curious
work of gilded brass. J. L. ANDERSON.
Edinburgh.
The following is from a paper by Mr.
Galloway, architect, which was read at a
meeting of the Royal Society of Antiquaries
of Scotland, held at Edinburgh, 11 April,
1879:
"Apart from any conjectures as to its history,
this lectern is of special interest as being the only
known example formerly pertaining to Scotland
which has escaped the disastrous issues of civil
and religious commotions. Its history is very sin-
gular. About the year 1750, when a grave was
being dug in the chancel of St. Stephen's Church,
St. Albans, Hertfordshire, the lectern was found
buried in the soil. It is supposed to have been
thus concealed at some time during the Civil Wars.
It is of cast brass, and of a handsome design, con-
sisting of an eagle with expanded wings supported
by a shaft decorated with several groups of mould-
ings, partly circular and partly hexagonal. The
eagle stands upon a globe, and the shaft has been
originally supported on three feet, which are now
gone. In its present state the lectern is five feet
seven inches in total height. It bears the inscrip-
tion, Oeorffius Creichtoun, Episcopus Dunkeldensis.
He died 24th January, 1543, and previous to his
elevation to the see of Dunkeld he had been Abbot
of Holyrood. The probability therefore is, that the
lectern had been presented to Holyrood by the
Abbot on his elevation to the see of Dunkeld, and
that it was taken from Holyrood by Sir Richard
Lee, who accompanied the Earl of Hertford in his
invasion of Scotland in 1543. On his return, Sir
Richard presented to the parish church of St.
Albans a brazen font bearing a magniloquent in-
scription, to the effect that though previously
designed for the baptism only of the children of
kings, it now, in gratitude for its rescue from the
fire which consumed Edinburgh and Leith, per-
formed the same service for the meanest of the
English. This font, which was doubtless abstracted
from Holyrood, is no longer known to exist, and
there seems no reason to doubt that the lectern,
which was saved by being buried during the Civil
Wars, was abstracted at the same time, and given
to the parish church of St. Albans by the donor of
the font."
The "gret brasin fownt" is said to have
been the gift of Robert Bellenden when he
was Abbot of Holyrood, about the year 1490.
W. S.
In ' St. Albans, Historical and Picturesque,'
by Messrs. Ashdown and Kitton (1893), will
be found (p. 89) the following reference to
this font :
" The far-famed brass font of S. Alban's Abbey
perished in the Cromwellian period. Sir Richard
Lee is said to have brought away as spoil from
Scotland a richly decorated brass font, in which
the children of the Kings of Scotland were wont to
be baptised, and it was presented by him to the
Abbey Church. Camden, who published his
' Britannia ' in 1586, speaks of this font. Norden
mentions it, and also quotes the inscription upon
it ; and Weever states it to have been in the
church in his time, 1631. It was removed during
the Civil War by one Hickman (see Newcpurt's
' Repertorium '), an ironmonger, and a Justice of
the Peace, who, in his Puritan zeal, probably
smashed it and converted into money the material
of which it was made. A vyooden one, of the same
shape (see Fuller's 'Worthies'), supplied its place
until a marble one of Georgian style surmounting
a slender pillar, still preserved in the building,
was substituted. The inscription upon Lee's gift,
as printed in Norden, reads : ' Cum Letha oppiduin
apud Scotos non incelebre et Edenburgus primaria
apud eos ciuitas, incendio conflagrarent, Richardus
Leus eques auratus me flammis ereptum ad Anglps_
perduxit. Huius ego beneficij memor, non nisi
Regum liberos lauare solitus, nunc meam operam
etiam infimis Anglorum libenter condixi. Leus
victor sic voluit. Anno domini M.D.XLIIII & Hen-
rici Octaui xxxvi.'"
Further, on p. 176 we read :
" Sir Richard Lee came from an old Sussex family
and probably lived at St. Albans previous to
the grant to him of the Nunnery [Sopwell]
He accompanied the expedition under the Earl of
Hertford to Scotland in 1547 |_?]t and in the plunder
of Edinburgh brought away from Holyrood the
curious font of brass, adorned with embossed
figures, which was used in the Abbey Church until
Cromwell's time, when it disappeared. (See Ne\v-
come's ' Abbey of St. Albans,' A.D. 1795.) There is
every likelihood that the curious eagle lectern now
in St. Stephen's Church (St. Albans) formed part
of the Scotch plunder of Sir Richard."
Newcome, the historian referred to above,
remarks (p. 469) :
"On this expedition he [Sir Richard] accom-
panied the army into Scotland, and, in the plunder
of Edinburgh, brought away from Holyrood House
a curious font of brass, adorned with figures
embossed. He afterwards set this font up in the
Abbey Church. It had on it a proud inscription
(see Camden) ' that it had served for the baptizing
the king's children in Scotland.' But this privi-
lege, though it raised veneration in the minds of
the pious, yet could not save it from the rapine of
Cromwell's soldiers, after being used in the church
about 100 years."
This author records (p. 471), "Sir Richard
had a very handsome wife (whose maiden
name was Margaret Greenfield), who was in
no small favour with the king." The knight
died in 1575, "and was buried in the chancel
of St. Peter's Church (St. Albans), where
also, in the same vault, were deposited the
bodies of his wife and two daughters."
10* s. m. FEB. 11. loos.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
Ill
Although old leaden fonts are by no means
rare, I know of no ancient brazen one in
this county, nor does Paley ('Illustrations
of Baptismal Fonts,' 1844) refer to the
existence of any. I have, however, seen
bronze ones abroad. HARRY HEMS.
Fair Park, Exeter.
On the occasion of my first pilgrimage to
Edinburgh, many years ago, I purchased in the
course of my rambles in Holyrood Palace a
little book of 192 pages, entitled "History of
Holyrood, with Descriptive Guide and Cata-
logue of Portraits and Paintings. Edinburgh:
lloberfc M'Bean, Keeper of the Chapel-Royal ";
and the following excerpt therefrom may
perhaps interest Q. W. V. :
'The successor of Archibald Crawford, who
died in 1483, as Abbot of Holyrood, was Robert
Bellenden, an ecclesiastic distinguished by his
humanity to the poor and his liberality to the
Abbey, which he covered with lead. Among his
munificent gifts were the 'great bells,' the 'great
brass font,' and a ' chalice of fine gold.' The font
is probably the one which Sir Richard Lea, Captain
of Pioneers in the Hertford invasion, carried off
' in the tumult of the conflagation,' and which he
presented to the church of St. Albans, with the
magniloquent inscription engraved on it which
Cam den has preserved. The Scottish font is made
most unpatriotically to say (luckily in Latin) :
' ' When Leith, a town of good account in Scot-
land, and Edinburgh, the principal city of that
nation, were on tire, Sir Richard Lea, Knyght,
saved me out of the flames, and brought me to
England. In gratitude for his kindness, I, who
heretofore served only at the baptism of kings, do
now most willingly render the same service even to
the meanest of the English nation. Lea the con-
queror hath so commanded ! Adieu. The year of
man's salvation, 1543-4, in the thirty-sixth year of
King Henry VIII.'
4i This font was afterwards conquered by the
Roundheads, and sold as old metal." See p. 24.
HENRY GERALD HOPE.
119, Elms Road, Clapham, S.W.
[MR. ANDREW OLIVER also refers to Mr. Gallo-
way's paper.]
TORPEDOES, SUBMARINES, AND RIFLED
CANNON (10 th S. iii. 89). Every history of the
submarine and many have come out lately
mentions the offer of them by an inventor to
the Governments of the United States,France,
and the United Kingdom. They were tried
and rejected by Pitt, and tried and for a time
adopted by Napoleon. Considering the
difficulties of the original invention, the
development of the submarine a century ago
was most remarkable. D.
" THE HUNGRY FORTIES " (10 th S. iii. 87).
The origin of the title, as far as I am aware, is
to be found in a letter addressed to an anti-
bread tax meeting at the Free Trade Hall,
Manchester, about eighteen months ago, by
my wife. I believe this is the first time it
was used, and by Mrs. Unwin. My wish is
to fix the origin of the title once and for all ;
it has now become a phrase in literature, and
I hear it everywhere quite apart from the
book. Mr. Chamberlain himself has used it
more than once. T. FISHER UNWIN.
HERALDIC MOTTOES (10 th S. iii. 49, 92).
MR. LLEWELYN LLOYD will find a list of
punning mottoes at 7 th S. v. 401.
PI. K. H.
SoTHEPvN's LONDON RESIDENCE (10 th S. iii.
88). Sothern lived for many years at a
beautiful house, with a garden in front and
in the rear, called The Cedars, South Ken-
sington. I stayed with him there often
between 1865 and 1872. H. A. STRONG.
A curious slip has occurred in the note to
my short communication. Kensington should,
of course, stand for " Hampstead. :> We have
Lanes in this delightful suburb, but not a
Wright's Lane that I am aware of.
CECIL CLARKE.
[The slip is ours. We dined more than once with
Sothern in Wright's Lane, Kensington.]
CON- CONTRACTION (10 th S. ii. 427). Qui-
RINUS asks whether the letter C was ever
known as "the horn." It is so referred to
in ' Love's Labour 's Lost,' where we have
" What is AB spelt backward with the horn
on his head ? "
AB spelt backward is BA
and the words " horn J represent .f C^
The words quoted occur in the 33rd line of
I their page in the First Folio, and 33 is the sum
of the position-numbers, in the twenty-four-
letter alphabet in use in 1623, of the five
letters given above, thus :
2 1 3 14 13=33
B A C X.
A. J. WILLIAMS.
JOHN WESLEY AND GARDENS (10 th S. i. 349).
James Gordon, the " eminent " nurseryman
of Mile End, is mentioned frequently by
botanical writers. Peter Coliinson (Lysons's
'Environs of London,' supplement, p. 447),
writing in 1764, describes him as "most
celebrated." Lysons (p. 147) says he first
introduced the Sophora, japonica into Eng-
land ; and (p. 492) that he had his grounds.
in the parish of Stratford, Bow, and St.
Leonard's, Bromley. He was "well known
for his extensive culture of exotic plants."
According to the ' Annual Register ' he gave
his name to the well-known order of plants
called Gordonia, about 1776. He is men-
tioned in Richard Wesfcon'a ' Critical Remarks
112
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io"> s. in. FEB. n, 1905.
on Botanical Writers,' a propos of Miller's
'Gardener's Dictionary.' The Gentleman's
Mag. of 1781 records the death, at Barking,
of Mr. James Gordon, senior, the " ingenious
and eminent botanist," 20 January. The will
of James Gordon, nurseryman, Fountain-
bridge, Edinburgh, was proved 6 April, 1788.
J. M. BULLOCH.
118, Pall Mall, S.W.
ROYAL REGIMENTS OF THE LINE (10 th S. iii.
(>9). Royal regiments received that prefix
as a token of the sovereign's favour and
appreciation of their achievements in arms.
These regiments are distinguished by their
dark blue facings and the scarlet band
(except in Scotch and Rifle Regiments)
round the forage caps of ranks that wear the
peaked cap. To be exact, the same facings
are worn by six other regiments, which are
not styled " Royal," but bear the appellation
of the Sovereign or Consort, as " The King's "
(8th), " The Prince Albert's " (13th), &c.
The following is a list of the Royal Regi-
ments forty years ago : 1st (The Royal
Regiment), 2nd (The Queen's Royal Regi-
ment), 6th (The Royal 1st Warwickshire),
7th (Royal Fusiliers), 18th (Royal Irish),
21st (Royal North British Fusiliers), 23rd
(Royal Welsh Fusiliers), 35th (The Royal
Sussex Regiment), 42nd (The Royal Highland
Regiment), 60th (The King's Royal Rifle
Corps), 87th (Royal Irish Fusiliers), 100th
(The Royal Canadian Regiment), 101st (Royal
Bengal Fusiliers), 102nd (Royal Madras Fusi-
liers), 103rd (Royal Bombay Fusiliers). In
addition, the following were considered Royal
Regiments : The King's Own (4th), The
Queen's Own (50th), The King's Own Light
Infantry (51st) ; the first two of which now
bear the title of " Royal." H. P. L.
" PHIL ELIA " (10 th S. ii. 527 ; iii. 36, 79).
When Lamb wrote to his publisher John
Taylor on the eve of publication of the
'Essays of Elia' he enclosed a "Dedication
to the friendly and judicious reader"; but
before the letter was finished he decided it
was not to be inserted in the book. He goes
on : " The Essays want no Preface : they are
all Prefate There will be a sort of Preface
in the next Magazine which may act as
an advertisement, but not proper for the
volume."
The "sort of Preface" was 'A Character
of the late Elia,' bearing the signature of
"Phil-ffiia," and it was published in the
January number of The London Magazine,
1823. The essay appears to be so character-
istic of Lamb's style that it is somewhat
strange that it should ever have been
ascribed to anybody else. The following letter
seems to indicate that Lamb claimed it as
his own.
To Moxon, who published the ' Last Essays
of Elia,' to which the 'Character' (slightly
altered) appeared as the Preface, he wrote
(1833) : " I send you the last proof not of
my friendship pray see to the finish. I
think you will see the necessity of adding
those words after ' Preface ' and ' Preface '
should be in the Contents-table " (the italics are
mine). The conclusion to be drawn from
this, I am inclined to think, is that the " Pre-
face" was to be understood as one of the
'Last Essays,' and therefore written by
Lamb.
S. BUTTERWORTH, Major R.A.M. Corps.
Carlisle.
"WASSAIL" (10 th S. ii. 503; iii. 9). The
Icel. veizla would have given some such form
as ivaissel, rather than ivaitsel, because the t
would have been assimilated to the s. Com-
pare the modern E. bless from O.E. ble'tsian.
It is said that such a form as ivaitsel would
not explain the ai in the second syllable.
In the Yorkshire version of the carol which I
have quoted there is no ai in the second
syllable ; the forms are wessel, used as a sub-
stantive, and wesselling, the participle of a
verb. In discussing these words with a friend
I was told that ivossel, instead of wassel, is
often used in the Sheffield version of the
carol, and I find that in the passage which
Hearne quotes from Robert of Brunne the
form wossaile occurs twice. PROF. SKEAT
omits this in his prose version of the same
passage given ante, p. 9. Yet this form
strongly favours the derivation from Icel.
veizla, because in Middle English we find
such words as ston (the o being long) from
O.E. stdn, O.N. steinn, stone.
The woes hail of Layamon is merely an old
" popular etymology," of no more value than
Selden's wish-hail and the other curiosities
which PROF. SKEAT refers to in his dictionary.
As for the story about the British king
Vortigern and Rowena, the less said about
it the better. It comes from the romancers
who invented the derivation of Britain from
Brut, King of Troy, and of Ludgate from
King Lud.
The proposal to regard the Icel. veizla as
the original of wassail gains weight from the
fact that, in a Yorkshire version of the carol
referred to, it is preceded by the adjective
jolly, which may very well stand for a popular
interpretation of Jala. In ' Eireks Saga
RauSa' a splendid J6la-veizla is mentioned
(" var fa buit til Jola-veizlu, ok var5 hon sva
io* s. iii. FEB. ii, IMS.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
113
skorulig, at menn fottuz vart slika rausnar-
veizlu set hafa' 1 ). It seems to me that this
Jola-veizla is the jolly-wessel of the Yorkshire
carol, which I have heard nearly every
Christmas for the last fifty years, and that
icassail is the perverted form of a word which
would have been better written waissel or
u'assel. Anthony Wood has preserved a carol
beginning :
A jolly Wassel Bo\vl,
A Wassel of good ale,
Well fare the butler's soul,
That setteth this to sale
Our jolly Wassel.
See the whole carol in Brand, ' Popular
Antiq.,' 1849, i. 5.
I have just noticed that Mrs. Press, in her
translation of ' Laxdcela Saga,' c. 26, renders
veizla as uussail. This translation, published
in 1899, appeared in a series called "The
Temple Classics," edited by Prof. Gollancz.
In a note at the end Prof. Gollancz says,
"The manuscript translation has had the
advantage of being revised by a competent
Icelander." S. O. ADDY.
BESANT (10 th S. iii. 28). A lady friend of
the late Sir Walter and Lady Besanfc for
thirty-five years informs me that they
invariably pronounced their name with the
accent on the second syllable Besant. T.
BRITISH MEZZOTINTERS (10 th S. ii. 481, 521).
MR. GORDON GOODWIN has been kind enough
to answer my query as to Loggan's biography
published in 'X. & Q. 1 in 1881 (6 tn S. iv. 90).
E. S. DODGSON.
ANTHONY BREWER (10 th S. ii. 468). The
name of Brewer does not occur in any docu-
ments relating to Newcastle-upon-Tyne to
which, as a student of local history, I have
had access. I think it hardly likely that the
play of 'The Lovesick King,' published in
London in 1655, was performed here at or
about that period, and I find no record of it
among the amusements of later date. My
doubts are founded upon the following letter,
which appeared in The Weekly Flying Post
of 10 January, 1656, quoted by the late John
Hodgson Hinde in the Archceologia JZliana,
iv. p. 235 :
" Letter from Newcastle-upon-Tyne. I send you
a piece of exemplary justice, which as it sets an
example to other magistrates of this nation, so also
can no* be unfitly communicated to you. On the
28th of December a cluster of lewd fellows, adver-
tising to act a comedy within the precincts and
bounds of this town, daring, as it were, authority,
and outfacing justice ; our vigilant magistrates
hearing of it, resolved to set a boundary to their
sinful courses, and clip the harvest of their
hopes ; concluding such enormities the proper
nurseries of impiety, and therefore they repaired'
to the place, where having begun, Alderman Robert
Johnson, Mr. Sheriff, and divers godly men, step in
to see their sport. But their sudden approach
changed the scene both of their play and coun-
tenances, so that the interlude, proving ominous,
boded no less than a tragedy to the actors, turning
the play into a tragi-comedy. After they had done,
they were apprehended and examined before the
Mayor and other Justices of the Peace, and found
guilty of being common players of interludes,
according to a statute made in the reign of Queen
Elizabeth, and according to law adjudged to be
whipped : which accordingly was performed in the
public market-place, when a greafe concourse of
people thronged to see them act the last part of their
play, their robes of honour hanging in public view.
Therefore let the nation know their names and
habitations, that all that have converse with them
may look upon them to be such as the laws of the
land hath concluded them to be, rogues and vaga-
bonds, as followeth :
John Blaiklock of Jesmond.
John Blaiklock, his son, both Papists.
James Morehead of Newcastle.
Edward Liddell of Jesmond, a Papist.
James Edwards of Useburu.
Thomas Rawkstraw of Newcastle.
Richard Byerley of Useburn.
All whipt in Newcastle for rogues and vagabonds."
The full title of Brewer's play, according
to Lpwndes, is ' The Love Sick King, an
English Tragical History : with the Life and
Death of Cartesmunda, the Fair Nun of
Winchester.' RICHARD WELFORD.
Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
'HARDYKNUTE' (10 th S. ii. 425, 536; iii. 37).
To charge a correspondent with imperfect
knowledge is easy, out to demonstrate it is-
not. The charge, supposed to have its base
in my confession that I did not know
Mr. Gosse's writing on the subject, is weak,
because I was fully informed of the "definite
conclusions" come to by that gentleman;
and to those only did I refer.
The charge that I ignored any part of the
first note is incorrect, and what I am said
to have ignored is not specifically named.
When I referred to a writer who threshed
the subject, was that not sufficient to guide
those interested, and enable them to form
their own opinion, independently of what I
said or " inferred " ?
What I, however, left readers to "infer"
is only on a par with what was left for
readers to surmise in the first note under
this heading. It was my desire that readers
should, as they had a right to, form their
own conclusions from what evidence might
be produced. I was quite aware of the
quotation now given from Percy, and I am
also aware that this quotation, in part, is
discounted by the statement that Sir John
Bruce " pretended " to have discovered the
114
NOTES AND QUERIES. [10* s. in. FEB. n, IMS,
" fragment in a vault at Dunfermline." I am
quite pleased that those interested should
judge between the notes under this heading,
together with the authorities named.
ALFRED CHAS. JONAS.
THE CHILTERN HUNDREDS (10 th S. ii. 441,
516 ; iii. 18). MR. SHORE will find some
appreciable additions to his information in
the 'New English Dictionary,' s.v. 'Chiltern,'
and in the works there cited. Q. V.
DRYDEN PORTRAITS (10 th S. i. 368, 435 ;
ii. 18). The portrait belonging to the Rev.
John Dryden Pigott is probably at Sundorne
Castle, near Shrewsbury, as that gentleman
took the name of Corbet and succeeded to
that estate. (Mrs.) HAUTENVILLE COPE.
13c, Hyde Park Mansions, W.
EPITAPHS : THEIR BIBLIOGRAPHY (10 th S. i.
44, 173, 217, 252, 334 ; ii. 57, 194, 533). What
is the source of the lines quoted by Dr.
Forahaw at the head of his monthly collec-
tion of curious epitaphs in Yorkshire Notes
and Queries ?
I copied the following rendering of the
last two lines from an old stone in the
southern portion of Lutterworth Church-
yard, Leicestershire, in 1881 :
Praise wrote on tombs is vainly spent ;
A man's best deeds is his best monument."
JOHN T. PAGE.
West Haddon, Northamptonshire,
QUEEN'S SURNAME (10 th S. -ii. 529). What
the surname of the Danish royal family is
I do not know. But surely the querist is
aware that the name of the present royal
family in this country is not Guelph, but
Wettin. Guelph was the name of the
Hanoverian line, of which Queen Victoria
was the last. Our King begins a new
dynasty, which will probably be called by
future historians the Saxe-Coburg (or per-
haps the Gothic) dynasty, or some such
distinctive name, as the name of the Angevin
dynasty was taken from the father of
Henry II. Our rulers have always retained
their paternal name, whether Plantagenets,
Tudors, Stuarts, Guelphs, or Wettins.
J. FOSTER PALMER.
.8, Royal Avenue, S.W.
KANT'S DESCENT (10 th S. ii. 488). The
tradition that Kant was of Scottish descent
is not injured by the name being found in
Suffolk. Thousands of Scots are in that
district to-day because of the fisheries. From
there to Holland is an easy voyage, and I find
"Andrew Kant" (or Cant) in 1721, of Dort,
Holland, in Public Record Office Assignment
Books, appointing attorneys in London to
receive his Exchequer dividends. Some of
the Cants voyaged from Leith to Norway
and Sweden circa 1700. W. YOUNG.
20, Hanover Street, N.
Is MR. RIVERS acquainted with the infor-
mation given in the question raised by a
previous correspondent ? See 7 th S. viii. 267.
EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.
71, Brecknock Road.
BLOOD USED IN BUILDING : SUGAR IN
MORTAR (10 th S. ii. 389, 455 ; iii. 34, 76).
Reference having been made to the use of
sugar in India as an ingredient in mortar, it
may be worth adding that in The Times of
13 and 16 October, 1886, appeared four letters
headed ' A New Use for Sugar.'
The first, signed Thomson Hankey, speaks
of equal quantities of finely powdered lime
and good brown sugar, mixed with water,
producing a cement of exceptional strength,
and of the said cement having been tried at
Peterborough Cathedral, two large pieces of
stone of the broken tracery of a window
having been firmly joined together by sugared
mortar. Mr. Hankey says that it has been
successfully used for joining glass, the severest
test. He states that the lime must be
thoroughly slaked, and that he believes that
sugar mortar will be found to be as good as
Portland cement. He suggests that it is pro-
bable that Portland cement would be made
much stronger by the addition of sugar, and
that treacle might have the same effect. It
had been suggested to him that the use of
sugar is the secret of the success of the old
Roman mortar.
The second letter, signed W. Robert Cornish,
surgeon-general, says : " In India the practice
of mixing 'jaggery,' or unrefined sugar, with
mortar in certain proportions, is a very
ancient one." He says also that in the latter
part of the eighteenth century, when Hyder
Ali's horse threatened the settlement of
Madras, the people were called upon to build
a wall. This wall existed until 1859, when
Sir Charles Trevelyan, the then Governor,
had it removed. But so firmly was the brick-
work held together that the greatest difficulty
was found in the demolition of the town
wall. The separation of the bricks from the
mortar was quite impracticable. He adds
that fourteen years ago (i.e., in or about 1872),
in examining some old records, he came across
the original specification of the Government
for the composition of the mortar for the
wall, and that it included a certain quantity
of " jaggery," to be mixed with shell lime
and river sand. He sent the receipt to The
10* s. m. FEB. ii. 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
115
Madras Mail, in which it was published, he
thinks, in 1873. I suppose that this receipt
contained the exact quantities of the in-
gredients, and might be recovered from The
Madras Mail. He says that the polished
" chuuam" walls for which Madras is famous
are prepared with cement made with un-
refined sugar.
The third letter, signed Nathaniel Steven-
son, says :
"I have used about an ounce of brown sugar to
half a pint of water in making plaster of Paris
models. These models are certainly smoother and
much harder, and therefore far less liable to damage,
than others. I find this of special advantage in
working vulcanite,' &c."
The fourth letter, signed Raj, says :
"Sugar in its coarse state, called 'goor,' has been
used in India from time immemorial, and its value
as an ingredient in niortar is exceptionally great.
Masonry cemented with this mortar I have known to
defy every effort of pick and shovel, and to yield
only to blasting when it has been found necessary
to remove old puckah buildings."
According to J. H. Stocqueler's ' Oriental
Interpreter,' 1848, r/oor means "unrefined
sugar " ; jaggery, " sugar ; sugar in its un-
refined state ; refuse molasses "; and chunani,
II ma J T? j^TT^rm T)TT^T- T*f\-rvrm
'lime.'
ROBERT PlERPOINT.
SPIRIT MANIFESTATIONS (io tu S. ii. 388).
The best work on this subject is ' The Occult
tSciences,' by Messrs. Smedley, Taylor, Thomp-
son, and Rich (1855). Therein, under the
chapter entitled 'Modern Spirit Manifesta-
tions,' your querist will find all he desires.
CHA.S. F. FORSHAW, LL.D.
Bradford.
( " GOD CALLED UP FROM DREAMS " (10 th
S. iii. 49). This 'Dream upon the Universe'
is to be found in De Quincey's 'Analects
from Richter,' and in a shortened form is
given by R. A. Proctor in the last chapter of
his book ' The Expanse of Heaven.'
A. H. ARKLE.
Is not the German poet Jean Paul Richter?
1 See Carlyle's ' Miscellaneous Essays,' iii. 55,
where the dreams are set out fully. The
passage to which J. M. refers is not in
Proctor at least, I think not but is in that
perhaps most eloquent of all works on
popular astronomy, Mitchel's 'Orbs of
Heaven,' Lecture ix. p. 195. Lucis.
" THE " AS PART OF TITLE (10 th S. ii. 524 ;
iii. 38). In reply to MR. HARBEX, I may say
that the view I expressed on this subject
in my former note was limited to the typo-
graphical aspects of the question. English
grammar, or rather idiom, is not always
founded on a logical basis. The title of a
book or newspaper is the name which is
printed on the title-page of a book or the
heading of a paper. If the article, definite
or indefinite, forms a constituent of this
title, I maintain that it is an integral portion
of it, and when the title is expressed in full,
the whole should be printed in the same
type. Thus, in the case of ' The Virginians,'
'The School for Scandal,' 'A Tale of Two
Cities,' or The Times, I hold that, according
to the practice of ' X. &, Q.,' the article should
be printed within inverted commas or in
italics, as the case may be. But though an
integral part of the title, the status of the
article as a part of speech is not altered, and
if the main portion of the title is qualified
in any way, it may, in accordance with
English usage, be eliminated. This, in my
opinion, does not detract from the status of
the article, as an integral part of the title.
A leg is an integral part of the human body,
but it may be lopped off, should circum-
stances require it. I would therefore say
to-day's Times, Thackeray's 'Virginians,'
Sheridan's 'School for Scandal,' Dickens's
' Tale of Two Cities,' for the simple reason
that I am talking English in accordance
with the spirit of the language. In the
Literary Gossip of The Athenaeum for the week
in which MR. HARBEN'S inquiry appeared
there is a paragraph in which the writer
mentions " the extended Outlook" and two
or three lines lower down " The Daily
Telegraph? Here I hold the printer to be
perfectly right, because, while the title of
The Outlook is qualified by an adjective, that
of the daily paper is not.
W. F. PRIDEAUX.
" TOURMALINE " : ITS ETYMOLOGY (10 th S.
iii. 66). I am glad to find that MR. JAMES
PLATT accepts the etymology given in my
' Concise Etymological Dictionary,' ed. 1901,
at p. 564. I even give the reference to the
volume and page of dough's book. The
only difference is that I consulted the earlier
edition of 1830. I deny that tourmaline is
Cingalese ; it is mere French. The Cingalese
word has no -ne. WALTER W. SKEAT.
VERSCHOYLE : FOLDEN (10 th S. iii. 69). The
querist says Verschoyle is "obviously French."
Surely this is a slip of the pen. He must
mean " obviously Flemish." It belongs to
the same class as the names Verbeeck, Ver-
brugge, Verhoef, Vermeulen, Verplanck,
Verschure, and others, having as prefix the
syllable ver, contracted from van der, " of
the." Sometimes the fuller form occurs, as
Vauderbeeck, Vandermeulen. The French
equivalent would be de la, as in Da la Planche.
116
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io* s. m. FEB. n, iso5.
Sclmyle in old Dutch and Flemish is a femi-
nine substantive, meaning a hiding-place,
nook, or corner, whence comes also another
well-known surname, Schuyler. The personal
name Verschuyle corresponds to such English
surnames as Corner, Hearne, and Wray, all
three of which have much the same sense.
The spelling Yerschoyle, instead of Ver-
schuyle, is either corrupt or a Flemish pro-
vincialism, as in some dialects (for instance,
in that of Antwerp) the difficult diphthong I
wj changes to oy. JAMES PLATT, Jun.
The only time I came across the name
Verschoyle was in 1900, when I met a
Lieut.-Col. Verschoyle, then commanding a
battalion of the Duke of Cornwall's Light
Infantry. He has now retired from the
service. K. M. BEGBIE.
68, St. John'a Park, Blackheath.
Verschoyle is the name of a Dublin family
whose ancestor migrated thither from Utrecht,
in Holland, to escape the persecutions of
Philip II. They were resident in St. Cathe-
rine's parish, Dublin. The first were two
brothers: 1. Henricke Verschuyle (will proved
1623), of St. Thomas's Street, Dublin, brewer,
who had a son Henry ; 2. William Verschoyle
(will proved 1648), of Dublin, gent., who
married Cath. van Pilkam.
WM. BALL WEIGHT, M.A.
Osbaldwick Vicarage, York.
Verschoyle is the name of a family which
settled in Ireland early in the seventeenth
century. They are said to have come from
Holland on account of the religious persecu-
tion in 1568. (See Burke's ' Gentry,' ninth
edition.) Probably the name is taken from
some village, or they may have assumed the
Dutch word Verschil, which means difference
or variance, when they left the count ry, as a
token of its distracted state.
Folden, from the A.-S. fold, a fold ; and
A.-S. den, a valley, an enclosure for deer, &c.
JOHN RADCLIFFE.
There are four places named Folden Fiords
in Norway, all being within an area of
183 miles by 240.
EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.
BAPTIST CONFESSION OF FAITH, 1660 (10 th S.
iii. 89). In the Reference Library of the
Baptist Missionary Society in Furnival
Street, Hoi born, there is a book entitled
4 Confessions of Faith and other Public
Documents illustrative of the History of the
Baptist Churches of England in the Seven-
teenth Century.' This volume contains " The
Second Humble Address of those who are
called Anabaptists in the county of Lincoln.
Presented to His Majesty, Charles the Second,
King of England, Scotland, France, and
Ireland," &c. The book can be seen at the
library. JOHN BROWN MYEES.
NELSON IN FICTION (10 th S. iii. 26, 77).
Through inadvertence I omitted one juvenile
work of fiction in my Nelson lists. Towards
the end of list No. 1 immediately after 'His
Majesty's Sloop Diamond Rock 'I ought to
have inserted the following : * Diamond
Rock," by J. Macdonald Oxley (Nelson and
his times, ending with Trafalgar).
JONATHAN NIELD.
[MR. G. GILBERT states that Nelson figures in
Sir A. C. Doyle's ' Rodney Stone.']
"GOD REST YOU MERRY" (10 th S. iii. 49).
See ' As You Like It,' V. i., and ' Romeo and
Juliet,' I. ii. The last citation makes it quite
clear that " Rest you merry !" was an ordinary
colloquial salutation, like the modern Ameri-
can "Be good to yourself !" at parting.
EDWARD HERON-ALLEN.
I have always heard the first line of the
carol referred to as " God bless you, merry
gentlemen," with the comma after "you";
and do not believe that such an expression
as " God rest you merry " is known in any
sense. W. I. R. V.
COLISEUMS OLD AND NEW (10 th S. ii. 485,
529 ; iii. 52). In a series of ' Letters from
London,' which appeared in a New York
journal in 1852, one entire letter is devoted
to a description of " the wonderful Coliseum,
which must ever rank as amongst the most
interestingfand artistic exhibitions of the vast
metropolis." The panoramic view of London
had, however, been replaced by one repre-
senting "the Lake of Thun," "a most mar-
vellous piece of scenic painting." There were
many other things to be seen, including
fountains, conservatories, picture galleries,
and a magnificent concert hall, while a cyclo-
rama, or moving landscape, representing the
Tagus from its mouth as far as Lisbon, is
described as "alone worth coming many miles
to see." After the Coliseum he visits no fewer
than seven other panoramic exhibitions, in-
cluding the Diorama in Park Square, Regent's
Park ; the Diorama of the Ganges, " a superb
and extremely fashionable resort in Regent
Street "; " Mr. Allom's magnificent panoramic
painting of Constantinople " ; " the Cosmorama
in Regent Street"; "the Tourists' Gallery,"
where he much appreciated a tour through
Europe ; " the Panorama" in Leicester Square ;
and finally "the Gallery of Illustration in
Regent Street," where the Diorama of Eng-
land, depicting the four seasons, and the sports
and pastimes of the people in the eighteenth
io<>> s. in. FEB. 11, 1905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
117
century, "delighted him beyond words. 1 '
Everything he saw in London appeared to
delight him, and he is quite as enthusiastic
over the wonders of Madame Tussaud's as he
is over the Tower and Westminster Abbey.
Panoramas and such-like exhibitions which
delighted our fathers have passed away, but
I doubt whether there are so many exhibi-
tions really suitable for children now as there
were fifty years ago. One wonders what has
taken the place of the good old Polytechnic
and similar institutions, which were the
delight of our childhood.
FREDERICK T. HIBGAME.
NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.
Mtxitms. their History and (heir Use. By David
Murray, LL.D., F.S.A. 3 vols. (Glasgow, Mac-
Lehose & Sons.)
DR. MURRAY'S excellent work on museums grew,
we are told, out of a presidential address delivered
by him in the winter of 1897 before the Glasgow
Archaeological Society. In the course of the studies
pursued with a view to the preparation of this,
the author discovered that, though a considerable
literature on the subject was in existence,
information concerning the history and develop-
ment of museums as scientific institutions was
with difficulty to be found in ordinary works of
reference. On the shortcomings of works of this
class he insists ; and the investigations we have
personally conducted have convinced us of the
justice of his complaint, not only as regards this
country, but also so far as concerns France. After
some tentative efforts, the results of which were
not, as he confesses, wholly satisfactory, he began
the labours which have resulted in the present
volumes. The product is, in the first place, a
"bibliography of bibliographies," a work the im-
portance of which is gradually being grasped.
Much space is accorded to the subject of museo-
graphy. With books on the practical working of
museums, " the collection, preparation, and pre-
servation of specimens : their registration and
exhibition," Dr. Murray actively concerns himself,
prefixing to the section a short subject -biblio-
graphy. The second and third volumes are largely
made up of details as to catalogues and other
works relating to particular museums and special
collections. Museums which have issued no cata-
logues, or of which no description has been put
forth, do not appear. Allowance being made for
the limitations and restrictions thus imposed, the
information supplied is of remarkable utility to a
large class of readers, and the history is a work of
great labour and erudition.
In the collections will be found the most useful
and valuable portion of the work, and that which
will most commend it to the antiquary and the
scholar. To the general reader, however, its intro-
ductory chapters are a mine of delightful informa-
tion, and few works of modern days contain more
that will interest and stimulate our readers.
Passing over with brief mention the great institu-
tion at Alexandria, founded in the third century
before Christ by Ptolemy Philadelphia, and chro-
nicling the waggery of Neickelius, scarcely intended
as such, in his ' Museographia,' that the most com-
plete museum of natural history that the world has
seen was Noah's Ark, Dr. Murray points to temples
and great ecclesiastical edifices as the homes of
what we will simply call curiosities. In Milan,
says Addison, were relics reaching to the time of
Abraham. Hair from the beard of Noah was pre-
served at Corbie. Moses's brazen serpent is still
shown in the nave of San Ambrogio in Milan. Pliny
mentions the bones of the monster to which Andro-
meda was exposed as being in his time in Rome.
Every church had its treasury, most of which con-
tained relics, and many of the most beautiful objects
which now adorn our museums belonged at one time
to churches. The Renaissance was, of course, a
great period for collecting, and the discovery of
America and the establishment of missions among
the heathen did much to encourage the preserva-
tion of rarities and curiosities. Some eminently
interesting pages are devoted to the first collectors,
from Henry Cornelius Agrippa de Nettesheim, the
cabalist, downwards. George Agrippa (Bauer), the
father of mineralogy, \yas the means of inducing
Augustus of Saxony to fill cabinets which developed
into the Royal Collection of Dresden. Andrea
Cesalpini formed in the sixteenth century a her-
barium, still preserved in Florence. Catalogues of
curiosities were printed so early as the middle of the
sixteenth century. One of the most interesting of
these in English is that of the rarities in the Univer-
sity of Leyden, 1591 (qy. 1691 ?). Among the objects
catalogued is the skin of a man dressed as parch-
ment. In the museum of the Royal Society of
London there was a bone said to be taken from
the head of a mermaid. Unicorns' horns were in
great estimation and commanded a high price.
Giants' bones were common, and a portion, at least,
of a mummy was indispensable in every museum of
any pretension. We might continue for ever ex-
tracting from Dr. Murray's interesting pages. Of
the origin of the British Museum a full account is
naturally given, and we have, as might be expected,
something about the Hunterian and Kelvingrove
Museums in Glasgow, the_ former owing much to
Capt. Cook, the latter to Livingstone. The arrange-
ment of the catalogues, &c., relating to particular
museums is under names of places, some twenty
pages being devoted to London. It is quite impos-
sible to do full justice to the many aspects of a
work which we warmly commend to our readers.
Nothing in its line more valuable and serviceable is
to be found.
The Cambridge Modern History. Edited by A. W.
Ward, Litt.D., G. W. Prothero, Litt.D., and
Stanley Leathes, M.A. Vol. III. (Cambridge,
University Press.)
THE third volume of ' The Cambridge Modern
History,' planned by Lord Acton and directed and
executed by the principal living historians, deals
with the great and enduring schism which divides
the Christian world into Protestant and Catholic.
The end of this is not yet in sight, though the field
of battle and the nature of the combat are changed,
and a chance exists that those so lately the
bitterest of antagonists may coalesce in resisting
what they now regard as their joint enemy. Against
the supposition of such rapprochement may be
advanced the fact that no alliance of the kind was
formed in presence of the persistent, and at one
time eminently menacing advance of the Ottoman
118
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io< s. m. F M . n, 1905.
power. Christian leagues were .indeed formec
against the Turks. How half-hearted and diplo
matic to use no word of stronger condemnation
these were, is shown by Dr. Moritz Brosch, who
writes the chapter on ' The Height of the Ottoman
Power.' What is most obvious, and also mosi
expected, in the volume is the proof furnished how
inextricably interwoven are political and dynastic
ambitions with theological differences. Whether
we are dealing with the strife in France between
Huguenot and Leaguer, the contests of which
Mary, Queen of Scots, was the perpetual centre, or
the " spiritual ardour of the Catholic reaction,'
with which the volume is largely concerned, the
truth is equally manifest. Of the writers who took
part in the previous volume, and whose names
appear in the present, the most conspicuous i
Mr. Stanley Leathes, one of the editors, who remains
a constant and valuable support. Other contributors
include the late Samuel Rawson Gardiner, Dr.
Sidney Lee, the Master of Peterhouse, Major Martin
Hume, and Prof. J. K. Laughton. Among the
articles of most interest are those on the literary
aspects of epochs. Such are Mr. Tilley's chapter
on 'French Humanism and Montaigne,' which
includes compendious notices of the ' Pleiade ' and of
French poets generally to Malherbe, together with
a very short account of the ' Satyre Menippee ' ;
' The Elizabethan Age of English Literature,' by
Dr. Sidney Lee, whose contribution is all too brief,
but whose verdicts are fortunately accessible else-
where ; and Mr. A. J. Butler's ' Close of the Italian
Renaissance.' With these may be associated the
Rev. Neville Figgis's ' Political Thought in the Six-
teenth Century.' The account by the late Thomas
(j raves Law, sometime Librarian of the Signet
Library, Edinburgh, of Mary Stewart, as he elects to
call the Queen of Scots, is interesting in spite of its
brevity. Of the period between Mary's marriage
to Bothwell and her surrender after crossing the
Splway a good account is given, the despair and
disgust of the Catholic powers being vividly painted.
An excellent description of the Casket Letters emits
no very distinct utterance concerning their genuine-
ness, but declares them to have had no effect upon
international politics. If genuine they would show
Mary as something "far worse than an ill used wife
conniving at the murder of a worthless husband
who threatened to be her ruin." Prof. Laughton's
account of the Elizabethan naval war with Spain is
equally vigorous and striking. It shovys, however,
how vacillating was the policy of Elizabeth. To
Medina Sidonia is attributed the disastrous to the
Spaniards result of the first encounter of the two
fleets on 21 July, the fighting on which day "gave
the key-note to all that followed." From the charge
of niggardliness in the supply of powder, frequently
brought against her, Elizabeth is defended. The
allowance had been great beyond precedent, but so
also was the expenditure. Another error that is
dispelled is that England was saved from a very
great danger by the providential interference of
storms. Full credit is allowed by Dr. Sidney Lee to
the patriotic action of the Roman Catholics in the
chapter on the closing years of Elizabeth. Of the
queen it is said that "her political creed, even
more avowedly than that of her father, brother,
and sister, was the creed of despotism." Here we
draw breath. It is obviously impossible to do
justice to, or indeed give the slightest account of.
the various interesting and important chapters
which constitute the volume. No pretence is made
to supply an account of one of the most important
volumes of the series. In every case in which we
have tested the accounts we have found them
condensed and lucid. All that we miss are the
illustrative pictures of historical characters for
which the scheme, with its limitations, seems
hardly to provide space.
A Guide to the Best Historical Novels and Tales
By Jonathan Nield. (Elkin Ma thews.)
How welcome and useful is Mr. Nield's guide to
the best historical novels is proven by the fact that
the work, which first saw the light in May, 190
has already been twice reissued. So much has been
added to it since its appearance that the third
edition is almost twice the size of the first. In
the second edition were introduced eminently
desirable features, including perhaps the most
indispensable of all complete indexes to authors
and titles ; while the third constitutes in some
respects a new book. Detailed descriptions, with
special references to localities and personages
have been substituted for vague generalitfes ;
original dates of publication have been supplied ;
novels of special value have been indicated ; a new
arrangement, in three columns, of the separate items
has been made ; and various modifications and
alterations have been accomplished. Thus rear-
ranged, and in part reconstituted, the book is not
only a valuable work of reference, but, what it
claims to be. a pleasant and an edifying guide to the
lover and the student of historical fiction. Our
own attention was drawn to it in connexion with a
recent suggestion in our columns that, in connexion
with the centenary of the Battle of Trafalgar, a list
of the tales connected with Nelson should be pub-
lished. Such a list as was pointed out already
existed in Mr. Nield's work, which will hence-
forward be always at our elbow. Our own leisure
if the use of such a word is not ironical has not
been largely occupied with the perusal of fiction.
With the great works of Scott, Thackeray, Balzac,
Defoe, Dumas, Hugo, Flaubert, and others we are, of
course, familiar, and we have distant recollections-
of Cooper, Ainsworth, Lytton, and James, and others
more recent of Stevenson. Such knowledge as we
possess fails, however, to suggest an omission,
except it be a novel of Leatham's, the name and
subject of which we alike forget. How far fiction
is to be trusted as a basis of historical information
we know not. It must, however, be conceded that
:he historical views of most of us concerning the
Wars of the Roses and other epochs are coloured by
the Chronicle-plays of Shakespeare, which, for the
sake of the argument, may be treated as novels ;:
t is known that ' Quentin Durward ' has been
employed as a text-book in French Lycees ; it is
*lt that the light cast by works such as ' The
loister and the Hearth ' and ' Esmond ' is clearer
than can be obtained from history, and that a work
such, even, as 'La Chartreuse de Parme ' deserves the-
recognition it has won. We are delighted to have
made acquaintance with Mr. Nield's valuable book,
and are content to think we shall have it at hand'
or future suggestion and reference.
At Shakespeare's Shrine : a Poetical Antholor/v.
Edited by Chas. F. Forshaw, LL.D. (Stock.)
OT the first attempt is this of Dr. Forshaw to
ollect rimed homages to Shakespeare. It is, how- -
ver, the most elaborate and the most ambitious.
evious works of the class, including Dr. Ingleby's-
in. FEB. 11, 1905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
119
' Centurie of Praj'se,' have restricted their extracts
to early writers, if not to those of established
reputation. l)r. Forahaw has come down to modern
days, and has burdened his book with passages
from nineteenth or twentieth century obscurities
in a manner destructive of all sense of balance or
proportion. A single couplet of Thomas Heywood
from the ' Hierarchic of the Blessed Angels,' which
is not given,
Mellifluous Sliake-spearc, whose enchanting Quill
Commanded Mirth or Passion, was but Will,
is worth reams of modern rubbish ; and Dryden's
comment on his own mangled version of ' The
Tempest,' also not given,
But Shakespeare's magic could not copied be ;
Within that circle none durst walk save he
(we quote from memory), is far better than the
longer extracts from him which are supplied. Much
of interest is, of course, furnished the tributes of
Ben Jonson, Milton, Matthew Arnold, Hartley
Coleridge, Thomas Hood, and many others being
given. A sense of burlesque is, however, conveyed
when we find Mr. John George Speed fa writer
wholly unknown to us, as are many of Dr. Forshaw's
bards) beginning some verses with
England! spare that place ;
Touch not a single stone,
which seems like a barefaced imitation of a once-
popular song,
Woodman ! spare that tree ;
Touch not a single bough.
Drayton's quatrain on Shakespeare of the inser-
tion of which, naturally, we do not complain is un-
worthy of both poets. On the whole, of things of little
repute which appear, Garrick's " Ye Warwickshire
lads and ye lasses" is the best. There is a good
lilt about " For the wag of all wags was a W(trn:i<-];-
*hin wag.' 5 This was written by the actor for his
once famous Shakespeare Jubilee, which, absurd as
it was in some respects, eclipses in interest what
has since been done. Dr. Forshaw who is a con-
tributor to his own volume speaks generously of
the share of 'N. & Q.' in announcing his scheme,
and securing him a portion of his material. We
acknowledge his kindness, but we cannot conceal
our impression that the omission of a third of his
matter would improve his book. The choice of a
great subject does not necessarily beget great treat-
ment, or we should not have so many contemptible
hymns contemptible, that is, from the literary
standpoint. Dr. Garnett has allowed of the appear-
ance in ' At Shakespeare's Shrine ' of his lecture
on ' Plays partly written by Shakespeare,' delivered
before the London Shakespeare Society in April
jast,
mmer Norwood Athenctum : The Record of the
Winter Muting* and Summer Excursions, 1904.
(Printed by Truslove & Bray, West Norwood.)
THE work of the twenty-eighth season of the
Upper Norwood Athenjeum has been excellent in
every way. The winter meetings were resumed,
and special permission having been obtained from
the Duke of Wellington, Apsley House was the
first place visited, Mr. H. Martyn Hill being the
conductor. Mr. Hill in his paper related the story
of George II. and the soldier Allen. Allen, who
had fought under the king at Dettingen, had an
apple-stall on the present site of Apsley House.
The king, riding past one morning, saw Allen, and
asked what he could do for him. " Please, your
Majesty, to give me a grant of the bit of ground my
hut stands on, and I shall be happy." " Be happy,"
said the king, and Allen's wish was granted.
Allen's son became a lawyer, and, after a stately-
mansion had been erected, put in a claim which was
settled by the payment of 45W. per annum as ground
rent. Another winter meeting was at the museum
of the Record Office, the paper being read by Mr.
Thomas H. Alexander. The summer excursions
included Ockham (paper read by Mr. Charles
Wheeler), the Pilgrims Way and Coldrum (paper
by Mr. \V. T. Vincent), Chenies and Latimer (Mr.
A. J. Pitman), Ongar (Mr. H. A. King), Colnbrook
and Stanwell (the editor, who also took St. John's
Gate at one of the winter meetings), and Winchester,,
when Mr. G. H. Lindsey-Renton was the leader.
The last paper, like all the others, had been carefully
prepared. We would advise Mr. Renton to read
Mr. Sergeant's ' Winchester,' one of the series of
excellent guides to the Cathedrals published by
Messrs. Bell & Sons, and reviewed by us on,
26 February, 1898. Mr. Theophilus Pitt, who edits
The Record for the first time, has done so with
much care, and the number of beautiful illustrations
render the booklet very attractive. We would
suggest to the Upper Norwood Athenseum that it
would be interesting to arrange for a general meet-
ing with the members of kindred societies, such
as those of Hampstead, Woolwich, Balham, &c. ;
it would be pleasant to compare notes as to progress
made.
THE Burlington opens with a beautiful frontis-
piece of Adam and Eve, after Lucas Cranach, from
Buckingham Palace. Other admirable reproduc-
tions of the same master, also from the royal
collection, appear, accompanied by an article of
Mr. Lionel Cust. In an editorial article it is said
that the mordant caricatures of Mr. Max Beerbohm
will soon be appreciated. Further portrait draw-
ings by J. F. Millet, from the Staats Forbes collec-
tion, are given, concluding a valuable paper. At
p. 395 some striking miniatures are reproduced.
THE Fortnightly opens with '"King Lear" in.
Paris,' by M. Maurice Maeterlinck. From this we
learn that the recent performance of 'Lear' at the
Theatre Antoine has not been wholly successful, and
that, propos of this play, the best-known Parisian
critics were writing in a style recalling the worst
heresies of Voltaire. M. Emile Faguet speaks of
most of it as being "no more than a heap of stupid
crimes, foolish horrors, and idiotic vices.'' It is,
M. Faguet declares, a " bruto-tragedy or bruto-
drama." Prof. J. Churton Collins writes eloquently
and well on the enlightened side under the heading
' Greek at the Universities.' Under the title ' The
Red Virgin of Montmartre' the late Louise Michel
is described. ' French Life and the French Stage '
resolves itself into an account of the production at
the Odeon of ' La Deserteuse ' of M. Brieux and at
the Comudie Franchise of M. Capus's latest farce.
' Kitchen Comedies,' by Mrs. John Lane, presents
amusingly most, but not quite all, of the aspects of
the servant question. On ' Compulsory Greek as a
National Question ' Prof. \Vestlake writes, in the
Nineteenth Century, in a sadly different spirit from
Prof. Churton Collins, and we turn from his article
with som discouragement. Mr. Fuller Maitland
describes the madrigal as 'A Waning Glory of
England.' It is curious that of three musicians of
the middle of last century, whose works are selected
120
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io* s. in. FK*. n, 1905.
for praise, two died in 1856 and one in 1854. Homage
is paid to many composers of to-day, including Sir
Hubert Parry, whose " Who can dwell with great-
ness" is warmly commended. Lady Currie gives
some singularly vivid sketches of the life to be con-
templated 'From the Toll-bar of the Galata Bridge,'
connecting Pera with Stamboul. Sir George Arthur
writes on The Bishops and the Reformation
Settlement.' Baron Suyematsu's article on 'Moral
Teaching in Japan ' donne furieusement a penset:
It will be long before our army accepts teaching
such as is afforded the Japanese soldiery. Very
hopeful and of good omen is Prof. Vambery's article
on 'The Awakening of the Tartars.' Fancy a
Tartar quoting Wyclif, Luther, Voltaire, and Her-
bert Spencer ! Mr. H. W. Lucy supplies to the
Cornhill a paper on ' The Lungs of the House of
'Commons,' which is very amusing. ' A Russian
Napoleon' deals with Count Suvoroff, assuredly
one of the greatest and most remarkable soldiers
of the eighteenth century. Mr. Frank T. Bullen
$cives a picturesque description of 'Kingston,
Jamaica,' which is declared to be an ideal winter
resort. Mr. Shenstone writes ' On Weighing Atoms,'
and His Honour Judge Prowse on 'Old -Time
Newfoundland.' General Maunsell furnishes some
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the Gentleman's Mr. J. H. MacMichael continues
iiis very interesting 'Charing Cross and its Imme-
diate Neighbourhood.' Mr. R. 0. Sherington has a
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Mr. Tompkins does justice to Grant Allen, though
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' A Frenchwoman's Love-Letters ' are those of
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to illustrate verses of Mrs. Marriott Watson,
mnder the title of ' London at Prayer ' Mr. Charles
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' Hampstead Revisited,' by Prof. Sully, awakens
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terrible innovation, the streets of Hampstead are
still happily aecidented. Among much amusing
matter, Mr. Lang suggests burning a proof-reader
pour encourager Us autres.
A CORRESPOSDKKT writes : " The death of Mr.
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the London County Council and late of Highbury,
took place at his residence, 29, Tavistock Square,
W.C., on 20 January, after a short illness. He was
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grandson of Mr. Robert Blashill, living near
Patrington, Yorks, about 1780. Mr. Blashill
married Honor Pitt, second daughter of Benjamin
Wharton 'Nind, formerly of Leyton, Essex, by
'Ellen, nee Womersley, his wife. She survives,
without issue. Mr. Blashill was educated at Hull
and Scarborough, and professionally at University
College. For some time he was in a stockbroker's
office, but this not proving congenial to his taste,
he articled himself to an architect, which profes-
sion he finally adopted. Besides being the author
of 'A Guide to Tintern Abbey' and the writer
of the 'History of Sutton -iu-Holderness,' his
birthplace, a very valuable and interesting addi-
tion to Yorkshire topography, he contributed
several instructive articles to The Antiquary, and
many papers to the leading archaeological, archi-
tectural, and antiquarian journals of the day. He
was a prominent member of several of the learned
societies, and took a keen interest in local affairs.
Readers of ' N. & Q.' will miss his timely notes,
and the antiquarian world will have lost a kind-
hearted and genial friend. He died at the age of
seventy-five, and was buried at Highgate Cemetery
on 24 January."
J. T. P. writes: "An occasional correspondent
of ' N. & Q.,' the Rev. William Kirkpatrick Riland
Bedford, for many years rector of Sutton Coldfield,
Warwickshire, has just passed away. He died at
Cricklewood, aged seventy-eight, on 23 January.
At 8 th S. ix. 218 he was alluded to by the late Sam
Timmins (Este) as ' the highest authority for all
relating to Sutton Coldfield.' His last contribution
to ' N. & Q.' will be found at 9 th S. xii. 512."
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D. M., Philadelphia ("The more I know of men
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E. M. SOTIIEBY ("Bolt from the blue"). See
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moving first line in English poetry " Authors of Quota-
tions Wanted Anchorites' Dens ' Moser's Vestiges '
Delafosse, Winchester Commoner ' The Forte Frigate'
Small Parishes ' Kebecca,' a Novel, 128 -Saxton Family,
129.
EPLIE8 : Englishmen under Foreign Governments, 129
Charles I. in Spain Bibliographical Notes on Dickens
and Thackerav, 131 "Broken heart" The Lyceum
Theatre, 132 Ser.ieantson Family of Hanlith London
Cemeteries in I860 Tyrrell Family Ainsty' Paradise
Lost' of 1751, 133 Spelling Reform Verse on a Cook-
Clergyman as City Councillor The Nail and the Clove
Coutances, Winchester, and the Channel Islands, 134
English Burial-ground at Lisbon Sir T. Cornwallis
Samuel Wilderspin Extraordinary Tide in the Thames,
135 Police Uniforms : Omnibuses, 136 Danish Surnames
William III. at the Boyne 'The Northampton Mer-
cury ' " Snowte " : Weir and Fishery, 137.
NOTES OX BOOKS : Barnabe Barnes's ' Devil's Charter'
and 'Ben Jonson's Dramen ' FitzGerald's Translation
of Omar' Intermediate ' ' Folk-lore.'
Booksellers' Catalogues.
Obituary : Mr. H. H. Drake.
Notices to Correspondents.
OMAR'S PROSODY.
IT is curious that amid all the mass of
literature which has been written around
Omar and FitzGerald, there is nowhere any
popular account of what a niljai is, metrically,
or how it is recited in the original by Persians.
Of course there are treatises on Oriental
prosody, but they would be caviare to the
general reader, and it is of him that I am
thinking.
Surely there must be many who only know
Omar in translation, especially among
students of Latin verse, who would be glad
to learn just what a rubdi is, prosodically.
Unfortunately, there is a notion abroad that
the line of ten syllables, employed by Fitz-
Gerald and most of his successors, is, as one
of them expresses it, " a beautiful echo of the
old Persian music." Even Whinfield, who
should have known better, declares that it
very clearly suggests it. Never was there a
more patent error. With the best will in the
world, I am unable to detect in the deca-
syllabic line the slightest movement of the
Persian. Indeed, it is difficult to see how a
line of five regular feet could suggest one of
four feet, which are never all alike, and
frequently all differ. Let us take the first
line of what Mr. Swinburne has called the
" crowning stanza" of all FitzGerald wrote :
Oh, Thou, who Man of baser Earth didst make !
In the Persian it runs as follows :
Ai Vakif e asrar e zamir e hama kas !
This is a typical rubai line, and will repay
study. Expressed in longs and shorts, its
paradigm would be :
' _ | ^, ' v^ | s^ ' ^ I ^ '
Like every mbdi line, it contains four feefc,
and consequently four accents :
I. A foot of three syllables, stressed on
the central one.
2 and 3. Two feet of four syllables each,
stressed on the ante-penultimate.
4. A foot of two syllables, stressed like an
iambus.
It will be perceived that this differs entirely
from FitzGerald's line. Whinfield employed
the same line as FitzGerald, but his transla-
tion is more literal :
Oh, Thou ! who know'sfr the secret thoughts of all !
Unaltered I cannot accept this as an echo of
the Persian, but perhaps the following might
pass as such :
Oh, Thou ! who dost know the secret thoughts of
each and all !
As I have hinted, it is one difference
between the English line and the Persian
that the former is ahvays regular, whereas
the latter may be varied in no fewer than
twenty-four different ways, and may consist
of as many as thirteen, or as few as ten
syllables. It may not be unwelcome if, to
complete this necessarily short sketch, I give
some idea of how the changes are rung.
1. The first foot admits of only two forms :
the anti-bacchius, as in the specimen above,
and the molossus ( ' ).
2 and 3. The second and third feet are very
irregular and variously stressed. If, as is
more usual, they have four syllables, they are
stressed on the ante-penultimate, as in the
specimen above. (One meets with ^ ' ^
^ ' >-' and ^ ' .)
4. The last foot may consist of one or two
syllables : one if the final of the preceding
foot is long, but an iambus (as above) if it
is short. In either case the fourth ictus is
upon the last syllable of the whole line.
JAMES PLATT, Jun.
SHAKESPEARE AND AGIXCOURT.
AT first sight one is inclined to deride the
passage in ' Henry V.' (IV. viii. 80-112) which
contrasts the small number of the dead upon
the English side with the vast losses of the
French, as the merest exaggeration of local
122
NOTES AND QUERIES,
s. in. FEB. is, 1905.
patriotism. But the chroniclers, although
their accounts of the numbers engaged vary
considerably, are in practical agreement
regarding the great slaughter of the French
by the invaders in this amazing battle.
Agincourt proved even more deadly to France
than Poitiers: the whole English loss did not
amount to a hundred men ; while the French
lost, in dead and prisoners, ten thousand
men the flower of their army. Monstrelet
puts the total of the French forces at one
hundred and fifty thousand six times the
numbers of the English. But Henry's army
cannot have contained twenty-five or even
twenty thousand men. He had lost one-fifth
of his invading army before Harfleur, in
which he left five hundred men-at-arms and
a thousand archers as a garrison. The
remainder, according to his chaplain Elmham,
consisted only of five thousand archers and
scarcely nine hundred men-at-arms ; but
Monstrelet estimates the former at fifteen
thousand, the latter at two thousand.
Prof. C. W. C. Oman, in his account of the
battle, shows that Henry's line was composed
on the old plan that had been seen at Crecy :
"Right, centre, and left each consisted of a
small body of men-at-arms, flanked by two
bodies of archers, drawn up in the triangular
harrow-shape, and protected by a line of
stakes.'' The French, on the other hand,
repeated the mistakes of Poitiers. Dismount-
ing almost the whole of their men-at-arms,
they formed them into three solid lines, one
behind the other, on a front no broader than
that of the English army. On the wings,
indeed, were small squadrons of mounted
men under picked leaders, who were ordered
to ride on ahead of the main body, and clear
away, if possible, the English archers from
before their comrades' advance. The ineffec-
tive charges of these squadrons began the
battle. Man and horse went down before
the English shafts, or ever they got near the
stakes of the bowmen. The main battle,
weighed down by the heavy armour of the
period, and tired out before they reached
the enemy's lines, also fell an easy prey to
Henry's archers. Stuck fast in the mud and
riddled with arrows, the nobility of France
were hewn down, while the archers " beat
upon their armour with mallets as though
they were hammering upon anvils," and
rolled them one over another until the dead
lay three deep. For when the English arrows
had given out, Henry bade his whole army
charge, and it was the onset of the archers
with axe, mallet, and sword that settled the
day. "That unarmoured men should have
prevailed over mailed men under the odds
of six to one, and on plain open ground, is-
one of the marvels of history.'' While the
victory was yet unachieved, news was
brought to Henry that the enemy waa
attacking his rear, and had, indeed, already
captured a large part of his baggage. He
accordingly issued orders that the prisoners-
were to be killed. He knew that the French
forces still outnumbered his own, and that,
were they to rally, the prisoners, of whom a
considerable number had already been taken,
would constitute a formidable danger. The
knights to whom the king issued his com-
mand flatly refused to obey, and a squire
with three hundred archers had to be sent to
execute it. Prisoners, we must remember,
were noblemen and gentlemen, and the large
ransoms paid by them would in ordinary
cases fall to the share of their captors.
Unfortunately the sequel proved that this
horrible deed was not a military necessity.
The news brought to the king had been
grossly exaggerated (see the play, IV. iv. and
vii.). The attack on the rear of his army was-
nothing but an attempt to plunder. One
Isambart of Agincourt, at the head of a few
men-at-arms and some six hundred peasants,
fell upon the English baggage and rifled a
large part of it. Many jewels were lost.
Monstrelet mentions a sword, ornamented
with diamonds, which was part of the royal
property. Walsingham tells us the English
crown was captured. What crown was this ? :
Henry IV., we know, at his coronation wore
a crown known as St. Edward's, which was
arched over instead of being open as hereto-
fore. The head of the same monarch's
monumental effigy at Canterbury is sur-
mounted by a lovely open crown. The
arched crown is shown in the sculpture of
the coronation of Henry V. on the arch of
his chantry chapel at Westminster, although
in his portrait at Queens College, Oxford,
he wears a circlet similar to that used by his
father's predecessors.
In the eleventh volume of The Ancestor
Mr. A. E. Maiden, under the title ' An Official
Account of the Battle of Agincourt,' prints-
with an explanation a MS.'contained in Leger-
Book A of the city of Salisbury. This ac-
ount, after reciting the fact that King Henry
rossed the sea with a great army, mentions
the siege of Harfleur. It continues, " On
ris march he was opposed by a great French
army of about a nundred thousand men,
while he himself had not with him more
than ten thousand." The list of the French
slain "in the field of Argencott on Friday,.
Deing the feast of Saints Crispin and Cris-
pianus, th> 25th of October, 141&," then,
io- s. in. FEB. is, 1905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
123
follows. It begins with the names of a Con-
stable of France, followed by three dukes,
five counts, over eighty messieurs of high
degree, " and four thousand valiant knights
and esquires, without counting the common
folk." The king's prisoners are given as the
Dukes of Orleans and Bourbon, the Marshal
of France named Bursegaud, the Count de
Rychemond, the Count de Verdon, the Count
d'Eu, "and the brother of the Duke d'Alencon,
and other gentlemen (et le frere Duyk" de
Launson et autres sieurs)." The Latin lan-
guage yields to French with Monsieur Dam-
piere the first of the slain with this prefix
down to the end of the list of those killed
upon the French side. The sentence giving
the list of French prisoners states the cir-
cumstance in Latin, the names in French ;
but after that Latin is resumed.
Shakespeare follows Holinshed closely,
only omitting mention of " the earle of
Nevers," a brother of John (Sanspeur), Duke
of Burgundy, the "comes de Nywere" of
the Sarurn list. This count was ancestor of
the Hohenzollerns, the Kings of Saxony,
and the Dukes of Mantua. To take the three
lists in order those of Holinshed, Shake-
speare, and Sarum each begins with the
High Constable of France, called Charles
Lord de la Breth, Charles Delabreth, and
Dominus de Brut respectively. Charles
d'Albret was the bastard brother of Joan,
Queen-Dowager of England. He led the van,
and died of his wounds the day after the
battle. The Count de Rychemond, mentioned
above, who was brought a prisoner to Eng-
land, was Queen Joan's second son, by her
first husband, and afterwards Arthur III.,
Duke of Brittany. Shakespeare makes the
Constable advise the Dauphin not to dis-
parage Henry : " You are too much mistaken
in this king." Before the battle the Dauphin
had said England
is so idly king'd,
Her sceptre so fantastically borne
By a vain, giddy, shallow, humorous youth,
That fear attends her not.
This prince, Louis, the hero of the tennis-
balls, never succeeded to the French throne,
but died in the same year as the battle.
His next brother Jean was Dauphin, in his
turn, but for two years, and was succeeded
by the third, afterwards Charles VII., Joan
of Arc's king. Of Louis, Orleans is made to
say in the play, " He never did harm, that I
heard of." "Jaques of Chatilon, Lord of
Dampier, admerall of France," is simply
" Monsieur Dampiere" in the Sarum list. The
latter, unless he figures under another name,
omits mention of the Lord Rambures, Master
of the Crossbows. Shakespeare gives him.
two lines of dialogue. Sir Guischard Dolphin,.
Great Master of France, is, I suppose,
represented in the Sarum list by ''Monsieur
Gangers de Dolpyn." In the fight the Duke
of Alencon commanded the second battle,
and, endeavouring to restore the fortune
of the day by a furious charge, broke
the English line and struck down Hum-
phrey, Duke of Gloucester, with his own
hand. The English king, rushing forward'
to protect his brother, himself received,
a blow which brought him to his knees.
The French duke was, however, forced-
to yield, and was slain before Henry
could save him. Jean, Due d'Aleneon, was
great-nephew of Philip VI., and ancestor of
the House of Bourbon and of the Dukes of"
Mantua. The next name is that of Anthony,
Duke of Brabant, younger brother of John,
Duke of Burgundy, and elder brother of
Philip, Count of Nevers, mentioned above.
His two sons, John IV. and Philip, dying
without issue, the duchy reverted to his
nephew, Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy.
Though not present at the battle, Burgundy
visited soon after the stricken field where -
his two uncles had been slain. The next
name is that of Edward, Duke of Bap.
Shakespeare then gives the names of eight
counts : Grand pree, Roussie, Fauconbridge
(Fauconberge in Holinshed), Foyes, Beau-
mont, Marie, Vaudemont, and Lestrale
(Lestrake in Holinshed). The Sarum list,
besides the omitted Nevers, gives only
Russe, Breue, Saunies, and Grauntepre
among the counts ; but among the Messieurs
is John de Beaurnond. In the latter list
the last name among the slain is that of Mon-
sieur de Haly Lerceuesque de Soyns (Sens),
In the play Grandpre, " a valiant and most
expert gentleman," makes a speech (IV. ii.), in
which he describes our men as "yon islands
carrions, desperate of their bones." Vaude-
mont was Frederick of Lorraine, by his
marriage with Margaret, heiress of Vaude-
mont and Joinville, ancestor of the House of
Guise.
With regard to the French prisoners, both
Holinshed and Shakespeare content them-
selves with mentioning by name only the-
two captured princes of the blood royal and-
the Marshal of France the Lord Bouciqualt
(Bursegaud in the Sarum list). Jean Bouci-
cault had been one of the challengers of
Europe at the jousts of St. Ingelvert, where
John of Gaunt's two elder sons, the Earl of
Derby (aftersvards Henry IV.) and Sir John
Beaufort (Earl of Somerset and Marquess
of Dorset later), ancestor of the House of r
124
NOTES AND QUERIES,
s. in. FEB. is, 1005.
Tudor, maintained the honour of England.
The poet Charles, Duke of Orleans, was for
five-and-twenty years a captive in England.
The nephew of Charles VI., he had married
in 1408 his cousin Isabel, the virgin widow
of our llichard II. Through his mother,
Valentina Visconti, he laid claim to the
Duchy of Milan, and bequeathed his costly
pretensions in this quarter to his son, by
Mary of Cleves, afterwards Louis XII. of
France. John, Duke of Bourbon, first cousin
-to Charles VI., to whom Shakespeare gives
the line " Let 's die in honour : once more
back again," died a prisoner in 1433, and
was buried in London at Christ Church,
Xewgate.
The English slain are given by Shake-
speare, word for word from Holinshed, as
Edward, Duke of York, the Earl of Suffolk,
Sir Richard Ketly (Kikelie in Holinshed),
Davy Gam, Esquire, "and, of all other men,
but five-and-twentie." The Sarum list gives
only York and Suffolk, "and no more of the
.leaders, and about fifteen others of gentle
blood (et circa xv. de aliis personis valet-
torum)." French authorities estimate the
.English loss variously from 300 to the 1,600
of Monstrelet. The Duke of York, who com-
manded the right wing, had grown very
corpulent, and was struck down by Alencon.
Henry, stooping to succour his cousin, was
assailed by the French prince, who struck
off the king's jewelled diadem. This Duke
of York is the Edward of Norwich, Earl of
'Rutland and Duke of Aumerle (Albemarle),
who appears in 'Richard II.' as the faithful
-friend of that unhappy prince. This duke
was the elder brother of Richard, Earl of
Cambridge, grandfather of Edward IV. and
Richard III., whom Henry had executed for
high treason before embarking for France.
' Their mother was Isabella, daughter of Peter
-the Cruel, King of Castille, whose elder
sister Constance carried her claim to the
crowns of Castille and Leon to her husband,
. John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster. Suffolk
is Michael de la Pole, the third earl, and
was only in his twenty-second year. He was
succeeded in his title by his brother William,
afterwards first Duke of Suffolk, whom
Shakespeare makes the lover of Queen Mar-
garet. Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter,
Henry's uncle of the half-blood, describes
the manner of their deaths to the king :
The pretty and sweet manner of it forc'd
Those waters from me which I would have stopp'd ;
.But I had not so much of man in me,
And all my mother came into mine eyes
And gave me up to tears.
He makes York, who lies "larding the
plain" like a nobler Falstaff, "all haggled
over," die with his wounded arm over the
neck of the already lifeless Suffolk (IV. vi.).
This touching episode is not to be found in
Holinshed. Davy Gam, being sent by Henry,
before the battle, to ascertain the strength of
the enemy, reported : " May it please you,
my liege, there are enough to be killed,
enough to be taken prisoners, and enough to
be run away." He was himself to be num-
bered among the slain, but not before he had
saved his king's life in " this glorious and
well-foughten field." Owen Tudor is also
said to have saved Henry's life on this occa-
sion ; he certainly espoused his master's
widow, Katherine of France, and became by
hergrandfatherof Henry VII. The chroniclers
describe the battle whereat, to quote Mont-
joy's words,
Our vulgar drench their peasant limbs
In blood of princes ;
but Shakespeare makes the men who fight
for and against his hero- king live and move
before us. The battle inspired Michael
Drayton to write a famous ballad ; and a
modern poet, Mr. William Watson, in ' The
Father of the Forest, 1 beautifully says of
Henry :
The roystering prince, that afterward
Belied his madcap youth, and proved
A greatly simple warrior lord,
Such as our warrior fathers loved
Lives he not still? for Shakespeare sings
The last of our adventurer kings.
His battles o'er, he takes his ease,
Ulory put by, and sceptred toil.
Round him the carven centuries
Like forest branches arch and coil.
In that dim fane he is not sure
Who lost or won at Azincour !
When the lovely Gothic gateway-tower of
Queen's College, Oxford (facing St. Edmund
Hall), was destroyed, early in the eighteenth
century, a singularly happy inscription was
removed also. This recorded in Latin the
fact that " Henry V., conqueror of his enemies
and of himself, was once the great inhabitant
of this little chamber." A. R. BAYLEY.
CLOCKS STOPPED AT DEATH. The anniver-
sary of the death of Queen Victoria recalled
lately to the mind of the writer an episode
in his experience which had an interesting
sequel. On the day of Queen Victoria's
funeral he photographed Balmoral, the
Queen's Highland home, showing the clock
in the tower with the hands pointing to the
hour at which on 22 January she had passed
away, now four years ago. The photograph
was taken in the midst of a blinding snow-
io* s. ni. FEB. is, 1908.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
12-5
storm, the photographer standing breastdeep
in snow. It was the only photograph taken
of Balmoral that day, and to obtain it the
writer had to walk the eight miles from
Ballater and back again in three feet of
snow, carrying his camera, the roads being
impassable to any wheeled conveyance.
After he had secured one print from the
negative it came by an accident which ren-
dered it useless ; but from that one print he
was able to make copies, several of which he
sent to various illustrated papers, and one of
which (an enlargement) he forwarded to His
Majesty King Edward VII, which His
Majesty was graciously pleased to accept.
The pictures in the various papers (The
Sphere, Black and White, The Graphic, &c.)
were accompanied by a foot-note explaining
that it was " an old Scotch custom " to stop
the clock at the hour of a death. The state-
ment is correct, and the custom still prevails
in high life and humble, though its observ-
ance may be less common now than in past
days.
But the sequel still remains to be told.
In June of the same year, five months |
later, the writer happened to be again at j
Balmoral, and had some conversation with
constable Reed, an old residenter, who spoke
of the newspaper references to the old Scotch
custom of stopping the clock, and declared >
that, in this case at all events, the clock had
not been stopped by any human hand.
The clock was still going at ten o'clock on
the evening before the funeral. The photo-
graph was taken at twelve noon on the day
of the funeral ; but the hands pointed to 6.25
the exact hour of the Queen's death.
It was the snow that did it. A crescent-
shaped wreath, which is seen in the photo-
graph, had gathered on the lower part of the
dial, arresting the hour hand at VI. and the
minute hand at V.
Further inquiry confirmed Mr. Reed's
statement that no human agency had been
at work in the matter. Nature herself, as if
in sympathy with a sorrowing nation, had
here, at Queen Victoria's beloved Highland
home, done what in Scotland it is indeed
customary to dp for those for whom time and
all things transitory have ceased to be.
WM. J. JOHNSTON.
Banchory.
" WILIE-BEGUILIES." In his translation of
Montaigne's essay on ' The Art of Conferring '
(book iii. chap, viii.), Florio gives "certaine
verbal] wilie-beguilies ;; as the equivalent of
certaines finesses verbales. This dexterous
and suggestive rendering is its own happy
commendation, for it indicates the shade of
meaning presented in the original, and if"
not itself strictly classical in form, it offers no
difficulty of interpretation. The diminutive
quality of the substantive has an attractive-
ness of its own, and the echo that its sound
readily gives to the sense dignifies it with
onomatopoetic value. It would beinteresting
to know the history of " wilie-beguilies,' ;
which does not seem to have been sufficiently
self-assertive to win the respect and considera-
tion of the lexicographer.
THOMAS BAYNF.
COMMISSARY COURT OF WESTMINSTER.
There are some interesting documents regis-
tered in this small court. The estate of John
Skelton, " poeta laureatus," was administered
to therein on 15 November, 1529, William
Mott (or Mote), curate of St. Margaret,
Westminster, appearing in the business
(6, Bracy).
Another poet, Thomas Churchyard, was
rich enough to have a will made for him as
he lay a-dying. In book Elsam, folio 475,.
we read :
" Memorandum the xxix th of Martch anno 1604
Thomas Churtchyard Esquier being of perfect
mynde and memory did dispose of his worldlie
goods as followeth in the presence of vs here vuder
written, ffirst he gaue to his brother George the-
some of xx u all the rest of his goods and cattells
he gave vnto George Onslowe whom he made his
executor, that he should see him buried like a
Jentleman per me Nathaniell Mathewe, Gabriel
Pope, the mark of Joane Moore, Silvester Earlums
marke."
The will was proved on 3 April, 1604, the
day before the poet's burial in St. Margaret,.
Westminster. There is an inaccurate version
of this will, which was "obtained from a
dealer in waste paper," in Payne Collier's-
'Bibliographical Account of Early English-
Literature' (vol. i. p. vii, Notes and Correc-
tions).
But by far the most interesting entry
relates to Ben Jonson. There can be little^
doubt of his identity with the " Beniaminus
Johnson, nuper civitatis Westmonasterii/'
administration of whose goods of the value
of eight pounds eight shillings and ten pence
was granted on 22 August, 1637, to William
Scandret, " vni Creditoruin " (Act Book,
1637, folio 53). An inventory of the effects
is extant, which might contain some interest-
ing items, but this I have not seen.
Titus Gates, "S.T.P.," also figures in
these books, administration of his effects
having been granted on 16 August, 1705-,
to Rebecca Gates, the widow (Act Book, 1705,
folio 29). She was probably a second wife,
as Gates is known to have married in 1693 a
126
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io* s. m. FEB. is, 1005.
'rich widow named Margaret Wells, of
Muggletonian sympathies.
I should mention that these entries (the
one relating to Thomas Churchyard excepted)
were noted by Mr. G. H. Rodman in his
report prefixed to the printed Calendar of
the Court (1864). GORDON GOODWIN.
"ORIEL." (See 4 th S. v. 577; x. 256, 360,
412, 480, 529; xi. 164; 6 th S. iv. 252, 336;
9 th _S. xi. 301, 321, 375, 491.) To the quo-
tations illustrating the use of the oriel in
English architecture I may add an extract
from the Lord Treasurer's Remembrancer's
Memoranda Roll of 43 & 44 Henry III. (m. 8
dorso) :
" Wyndlesora Visores. Johannes Pollard, [&c. ]
affidauerunt marescallo pro .ccxlij.li. x.s. iiij.d.
positis in capellam Regine faciendo ad stagnum
in superiori Ballio Castri Ita quod sint ibi due
Capelle vna superius et alia inferius Et in vna
Torrella cum vno Oriolo facienda vltra priuatas
Cameras Regine iuxta nouam Cameram."
Q. V.
"HAD BETTER HAVE BEEN." This curious
locution appears in The Athenceum of 24 De-
cember, 1904, p. 869. I have tried in vain to
parse it. It has often enough been spoken
of by grammarians and dictionary-makers,
but few of them have the courage to say
flatly that it is wrong, that it is an incidental
corruption of high antiquity arising from the
elision, in slipshod speech, of nearly all the
letters in the word would. "I'd better"
'means "I would better." "I'd rather"
means " I would rather." It seems futile to
go back to immemorial usage. Yet Ogilvie's
'Dictionary' says, "The great antiquity of
'this construction in English forbids the
supposition that the had in such phrases is
a corruption of would, as has been suggested."
I notice that a modern English grammar of
very excellent character (C. P. Mason) evades
'the difficulty in much the same way, adding,
" The analogous construction with lief is
unquestionably genuine." Well, had lief
<inay be genuine, as from antiquity ; but it
is wrong all the same. Dr. Murray's ' His-
torical Dictionary' has made a brave attempt
4o explain matters (under ' Have ') But it
is a hopeless failure as far as justifying the
locution is concerned. It would appear that
some of the reasoning, such as it is, is derived
from Dr. Fitzedward Hall, who published in
the Amer. Philol. Jour. (ii. 282, &c.) a long
.and wordy disquisition, bristling with archaic
precedents, but in no way justifying the
-syntax. Hall quotes Samuel Johnson, who
says it is " a barbarous expression, of late
intrusion into our language," and proceeds
ito remark, " What Dr. Johnson was pleased
to think on any point of English of which
the just ruling demands a somewhat indus-
trious inspection of our older authors is
hardly of noticeable import." Indeed !
Let us take the thing to pieces. A few
examples, where the locution reaches abso-
lute extravagance, will bring us face to face
with it.
Thackeray is one of the worst offenders,
as, "I think we had best go to-day, my dear";
"I had rather have had" ; "When he makes
an appointment with Doctor Swift he had
best keep it." Oddly enough, in ' The Vir-
ginians ' (ch. Ixiii.) Thackeray makes Dr.
Johnson say, " I had rather hear Mrs. War-
rington's artless prattle," &c. ;" A man had
better marry a poor nurse for good and all."
The late Miss Martineau, however, leaves the
great novelist far behind : " This family had
better have been without milk to their coffee " ;
"I knew a gentleman in America who told
me how much rather he had be a woman
than the man he is." An odd specimen occurs
in George Gissing : "Please don't trouble.
I'd much rather you didn't." "Why?"
"Because / had." Even Mr. Dowden has a
lapse of this sort : " lie had rather leave off
eating than poetizing " (' Southey,' p. 54). Of
course it occurs in Shakespeare ; but I
suspect that it usually appeared in the
earlier printings as an elision only, and that
his editors have filled it out, sometimes
even with disregard to the rhythm. For ex-
ample ('Othello,' III. iii.), "Thou hadst been
better have been born a dog " was probably
" Thou 'dst been better," &c. I had several
other Shakespearian quotations still more to
the point ; but they are mislaid.
I shall be told that writers make language :
rules do not. Well, if it can be pointed out
to me that R. L. Stevenson or Dr. Newman
ever used such hideous locutions, I shall be
silenced, if not convinced that I am wrong.
EDWARD SMITH.
"THRUB CHANDLER." Mr. Wheatley in
his ' How to Make an Index,' on p. 73, gives
the following :
" William Morris used to make merry over the
futility of some cross-references. He \yas using a
print of an old English manuscript which was full
of notes in explanation of self-evident passages, but
one difficult expression, viz., ' The bung of a thrub
chandler,' was left unexplained. In the index
under Bung there was a reference to Thrub
chandler, and under Thrub chandler another back
to Bung. (Still the lexicographers are unable to tell
us what kind of a barrel a ' thrub chandler ' really
is."
I do not like to quote Mr. Wheatley with-
out saying that his book has lately been of
the greatest use to me. RALPH THOMAS.
s. in. FEB. is, 1905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
127
Quoits.
WE must request correspondents desiring in-
formation on family matters of ouly private interest
to affix their names and addresses to their queries,
in order that the answers may be sent to them
direct.
" ONCE SO MERRILY HOPT SHE." I wish to
know the author and the words of a song
sung in 1837, and called as above.
C. L. E. C.
Alton, Hants.
[The title-page of the song is as follows :
(Picture of a bird sitting on a pear tree.)
'Hop't 8he'
A
Convivial Glee
Sung with the most rapturous applause
at all
Pleasant Parties.
Composed and Harmonized
by
B. R-h, Esq rc
Entered at Stationers' Hall.
London, Published by I. Willis & Co., Royal
Musical Repository, oo, St. James Street ; 7, West-
morland Street, Dublin, and all the Principal
Music Sellers in the United Kingdom."
Its words, so far as we recall them, are as
follows :
A pie sat on a pear tree,
A pie sat on a pear tree,
A pie sat on a pear tree,
Heigho ! heigho ! heigho !
Once so merrily, 1
Twice so merrily, > Hopt she !
Three times so merrily J
Heigho ! heigho ! heigho !
In singing, the company stood up round the table,
each with a glass of wine, water, lemonade, or
other beverage in his hand. The first four lines were
sung in chorus. One then, standing apart, drank
from his glass while the others sang, "Once so
merrily," and blurted out "Hopt she!" doing the
same at the second and the third lines, on each occa-
sion repeating "Hopt she ! " At the close his or her
glass was supposed to be empty, and was turned
super naculvm. An optional penalty for not finish-
ing the glass was suggested. This proceeding, in
^vhich, about the period mentioned, we often par-
ticipated in or near Leeds, caused endless merri-
ment among the juveniles, and was not scorned
of their seniors. 1
MILTON : A PORTRAIT. Can any one
identify a portrait, said to be that of John
Milton, but very unlike any authentic
likeness of that poet, which is hanging in the
Combination Room at Christ's College ? The
portrait represents a young man, with long,
yellowish-brown hair, parted in the middle.
His clothes are dark, and he wears a broad
linen collar and muslin cuffs turned back over
the sleeve and fringed with lace. In his right
hand he holds a small book, probably a Bible
or a Prayer-Book, handsomely bound in light
blue leather with gold tooling. In the corner
of the picture is the motto, " Xec ingratus
nee inutilis videar vixisse." A. E. S.
Cambridge.
BURTON ABBEY CARTULARY. This MS.
used to be in the possession of the Marquess
of Anglesey. It does not appear in the cata-
logue of the Beaudesert Library as offered
for sale last month. Who is the present
owner ? Q. V.
" ALGARVA." This is the sign on the facia
of a public-house situated on the eastern
side (at the top) of Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, which I pass daily. Can any
reader state the meaning of the word? It
has a look of being Spanish or Italian. I
have searched both Dr. Brewer's books in
vain. EDWARD P. WOLFERSTAN.
SIR ABRAHAM SHIPMAN. I should be
obliged for any information regarding the
history of Sir Abraham Shipman previous to
1661. The following entries refer to him :
" 1660-1. Sir Abraham Shipman, knight, a
gentleman in ordinary of the privy chamber," &c.
4 State Papers, Colonial,' vol. xii.
" Licence to Sir Abraham Shipman to maintain
Sir Robert Howard's lighthouse at Dungeness,
co. Kent, on expiration of a former grant thereof
to Sir Edward Howard. January 1661." 'Domestic,
Charles II.,' vol. xxix., 'Docquet Book,' p. 79.
F. W. GRAHAM, Col.
Worthing.
HIPPOMANES. What has modern science
to say of this substance, supposed by the
ancients to possess aphrodisiac properties ?
It is alluded to by Aristotle, Theophrastus,
^Elian, Pausanias, Vergil, and Juvenal. As
these writers are familiar to me, I do not
want to be referred to any passages in their
works. I simply wish to ascertain whether
the beliefs of the ancients on the subject had
any sound basis in fact. What do anatomists
and physiologists say about it?
KOM OMBO.
MOLLY LEPEL'S DESCENT. Can any reader
direct me to an article proving that the
beautiful Molly Lepel, Lady Hervey, was of
Danish, and not of French, descent ?
A. F. S.
SIR WALTER RALEIGH'S 'HisTORiE OF THE
WORLD.' I have a folio copy of this work,
" Printed for Robert White, John Place, and
George Dawes ; and are to be sold by
Thomas Rookes at the Lamb and Ink-bottle
at the East-end of St. Paul's, MDCLXVI." It
has a finely engraved allegorical title-page
by Ren. Elstrack, dated 1665. This edition
is not mentioned by Lowndes, and from
the place and date of its printing, it
128
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io' s. in. FEB. is, 1905.
seems not unlikely that many, if not most,
of the copies were destroyed in the Great
Fire, and that it is therefore scaice. I shall
be glad to learn if other copies are known
to your readers. WM. NORMAN.
6, St. James's Place, Plumstead.
"MOST MOVING FIRST LIKE IN ENGLISH
POETRY." In an article headed ' Cowper
and Castaway ' in The Saturday Eevieiv of
7 January, based on Mr. T. Wright's recent
edition of the poet's 'Letters,' pre-eminence
is claimed for Cowper as " writer of the most
moving first line in English poetry :
O that those lips had language ! Life has passed
With me but roughly since 1 heard thee last.
In his poetry Cowper does not," the writer
remarks, " wave the flag like Campbell ;
rather he spreads the pall at least in
those noble lines on Kempenfeldt that have
the crystal simplicity, the obviousness which
is the privilege of genius" an unusual and
pleasing tribute, in such a place and at the
present time, to the bard of Olney. Are the
great English poets, it might be asked,
becoming less read than formerly? The
replies of experts publishers or booksellers
would be of special interest. J. GRIGOR.
AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED.
Amice, quisquis es, dummodo honestum, vitse
tsedet.
Is the quotation correctly given? As it
stands, it would seem to mean " O friend,
whosoever thou art, I am weary (if I may say
so honourably) of my life." B. A.
Truth for ever on the scaffold, Wrong for ever on
the throne ;
Yet that scaffold sways the future, and behind the
dim unknown
Standeth God within the shadow, keeping watch
above His own.
KOM OMBO.
[ J. R. Lowell, ' The Present Crisis.']
ANCHORITES' DENS. Have any books on
these somewhat uncomfortable dwellings been
published 1 or has any attempt been made to
compile a list of these dens in England ? I
am, of course, aware of the existence of the
'Ancren Riwle.' Q. W. V.
'MOSER'S VESTIGES.' The following passage
is in ' Lincoln's Inn Fields,' by C. W. Hecke-
thorn, 1896, p. 60, and, slightly altered, is
repeated in ' London Souvenirs,' 1899, by the
same writer, p. 29 :
"In 'Moser's Vestiges,' Will's is thus referred to :
'All the beaux that used to breakfast in the coffee-
houses and taverns appendant to the inns of court
struck their morning strokes in an elegant deshabille,
which was carelessly confined by a sash of yellow,
red, blue, green, &c., according to the taste of the
wearrr and were [sic] of the celebrated Doiley manu-
facture. The idle fashion was not quite worn out iu
1765. We can remember having seen some of these
early loungers in their nightgowns, caps, &c.' "
What is ' Moser's Vestiges ' ?
W. P. COURTNEY.
DELAFOSSE, WINCHESTER COMMONER. In
Long Half, 1839, one of the sons of the Rev.
Daniel Charles Delafosse, vicar of Wands worth,
became a Commoner at Winchester, but left
after ten days. Was he the third son,
Robert M. D. Delafosse, ensign 26th Bombay
N.I., who died at Mhow, 22 April, 1844, aged
twenty-three 1 More probably, perhaps, a
younger brother. JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.
THE FORTE FRIGATE.' Can any one give,
or direct me to, the complete song of which
the following is the first verse 1
There was a fine frigate, the Forte was her name,
And in the West Indies she bore a great fame
For cruel hard usage of every degree ;
Like slaves on a galley we ploughed the salt sea.
The rest of the verses, I am told, gave a
systematic account of a sailor's work from
waking to sleeping ; but the point of view
was such that on one occasion a man caught
singing it received " four dozen." It was a
widely known Royal Navy song about 1845,
and the reputation of the Forte frigate was
consistent with the tenor of the song.
H. K. ST. J. S.
SMALL PARISHES. The following paragraph
is taken from the ' Church News ' column of
the Daily Mail, 29 October, 1904 :
" Which is the smallest or the least populated
of all the parishes in England ? The death of the
Rev. D. T. Barry, late rector of Fishley, raises the
question, for Fishley (which is near Yarmouth) is
returned as containing only fifteen persons. It ia
probable that there are parishes even smaller than
this there is a record of a parish with one house
and it would be interesting if a list could be made."
Perhaps some correspondents may be able
to supply particulars of other small parishes
in England. H. W. UNDERDOWN.
[See 8 th S. xi. 25, 78.]
'REBECCA,' A NOVEL. I bought on the
quais at Paris for ten centimes, on 24 March,
1904, the first two volumes of a book entitled
"Rebecca; or, the Victim of Duplicity; a
Novel in Three Volumes. Uttoxeter, printed
by R. Richards ; sold by Lackington, Allen
& Co., London, 1808." Will one of the learned
readers of ' N. & Q.' be so good as to say by
whom this book was written, in what printed
catalogue or bibliography one can find a
description of it, and where the third volume
is to be seen ? Tastes differ about all things ;
but to some people the book is interesting
io< s. in. FEB. is, i90o.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
129
and attractive. The scene of the first volume
which reminds one of 'The Vicar of Wake
field,' is laid in the village of W , in Cum
berland ; that of the second at Hampsteac
The vicar is more than once described as th
"parish priest"; "Deists" and "Jacobins
are referred to among contemporary dan
gerous classes ; Italian and French word
are quoted ; the old spelling " Winander
mere" is used, but "Brighton" has alread
superseded "Brighthelmstone." The Cum
bfrland dialect appears to be used here anc
there. E. S. DODGSOX.
SAXTOX FAMILY OF SAXTOX, co. YORK.
In compiling some notes on this ancien
family I have come across the following
names, which would appear to be either
variants of or synonyms for the original :
Sexdecim (Vallibus de Ebor') = Sexten or
Saxton in the vales of Yorkshire. Nicholas
de Sexdecim Vallibus de Ebor' was clerk oi
the city of York in July, 1327. On 4 July
1334, his "late wife" Elena was granted a
licence for alienation in mortmain of four
shops ( " quatuor shopas " ) and nineteen
shillings of rent in York, held in burgage by
service of rendering Is. 4tZ. yearly to the king
as "husgable" (what is this?), by the hands
of the bailiffs of the city, at St. James the
Apostle (Inq. ad quod Damnum, 8 Ed\v. III.).
Sextenedale, alias Sixteendale, alias Sere-
vals=Sixteendole, the toll exacted by millers
of one-sixteenth of every bushel of corn
ground by them. "William de Sextenedale,
als ," &c., was fined 801. in 7 Henry II.,
1160/1 (Madox, 'Hist. Excheq.,' second ed.,
17G9, i. 501, and index).
Secu', alias Setu', alias Set vans or Septvans.
Sec\i'=secums (Lat.), seac (Saxon), a broad-
edged axe or hatchet for hewing stones in
the quarries.
Setu'=Seton. See below.
Setvans = seven cornfans or winnowers.
Arms of "De Septvans, alias..,..." &c., of
Milton Septvans, co. Kent, temp. Edward I.
and II. : Az., three cornfans or (' Dering Roll
of Arms,' fo. 90-1, published in The Reliquary,
1875 to 1878).
Sapy, a nickname for Septvans. Applied
to Robert de Saxton in Aug., 1322. late Con-
stable of Scarborough Castle, co. York.
Seton, alias Seeton = Saxton, co. York.
"Prreliuin de Seton," "Seeton apud Charyng-
crosse" ('Three Fifteenth-Century Chroni-
cles,' &c., Camden Soc., 1880, pp. 160-2).
Would some more competent authority
kindly favour me with an opinion on these
names ] I have reason to think it highly
probable that the Saxtons were for genera-
tions most extensively interested in corn-
milling in Yorkshire and elsewhere.
JAMES TALBOT.
Adelaide, S. Australia.
[W. C. B. pointed out at 9 th S. xii. 186 that the
name Sexdecim Valles " is a difficulty to those who
are unacquainted with Yorkshire topography." He
quoted several instances from publications of the
Surtees Society, and added that Sixtedale, Sixten-
dale, Sexeudale, Sixendale, &c., were all forms of
the modern Thixendale, a village on the wolds in
the East Riding. Husgable is house tax ; see
'Gavel' in 'N.E.D.']
ENGLISHMEN 7 HOLDING POSITIONS
UNDER FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS.
(10 th S. iii. 87.)
THE roll of illustrious English, Irish, and
Scotch men who have served under foreign
Governments is a splendid record of romance
and adventure, as well as a tribute to the
overflowing strength of England, but one
too long for admission to the pages of
N. & Q.' Still more interesting would it
be, did space permit, to give the converse
picture, and array side by side our gains as
well as our losses.
With regard to distinguished Englishmen
in the service of other countries, it would be
necessary to eliminate those who were at the
same time in the service of their own
countrj r such as, for example, the first Duke
of Marlborough, the first Duke of Wel-
ington, Marshal Beresford, or Generals
Wilson and Trant, all of whom held foreign
ommands.
With the exception, perhaps, of Sir
Villiam Stanley, it is almost solely in con-
nexion with France that we find the sword
drawn against the parent country.
To mention a few names at haphazard, of
nglishmen or their immediate descendants :
The flight of the wild geese and emigra-
ion of General Sarsfield's Irish Brigade to
''ranee is well known. So, too, are the names
f Generals Hamilton and Kilmaine and
General Nugent, who fought against our
orces at Oudenarde and Ramillies. The
Dillon family gave several generals as well
s a regiment named after them to the
rench armies of the seventeenth, eighteenth,
nd nineteenth centuries, and also an arch-
ishop to Toulouse. Another Irishman held
ank under the fleur-de-lys, Sir Gerard
ally, whose son, the Comte de Lally
nd Baron de Tollendal, was Cornmander-in-
"hief of the French Army in India. Sir
jJerard's grandson, the Marquis de Lally
130
NOTES AND QUERIES,
s. in. FEB. is, IQQS.
Tollendal, was a prominent figure in politics
during the Revolution and during the reigri
of Louis XVIII. More recently another poli-
tician might be mentioned M. Waddington ;
also a soldier who made his way to the front
recently in the African wars of France,
General Dodds.
Under the great Napoleon we have the
ever-faithful Marshal Macdonald, Duke of
Tarentum, and the war minister Clarke, Duke
of Feltre; and under the third Napoleon that
gallant but unfortunate soldier Marshal
MacMahon, Duke of Magenta. In another
exciting, but less dangerous sphere we find
John Law, the creator of the Mississippi
Bubble. The great Duke of Berwick, the
victor of Almansa, was the son of James II.
and nephew of the Duke of Maryborough.
In Italy one recalls Sir John Hawkwood,
Admiral Acton in the service of the King of
Naples, and Baron Ward (once a Yorkshire
jockey), the Prime Minister of Parma. One
would be tempted also to refer to the head
of the Roman Church Pope Adrian IV., the
only English Pontiff. Nor must we forget
in recent times " Garibaldi's Englishman "
Peard.
In thinking of Greece it is only necessary
to mention Byron, Trelawny, and Parry.
In Spain the names of Sir William Stanley,
of Generals Dillon, O'Reilly, O'Mahony
(Count of Castile), of Count Gage, and of Sir
De Lacy Evans occur ; also those of the
Captain-General of Catalonia,General Francis
Lacy, and the Prime Minister Richard
Wall.
In Austria we find engaged in the wars
against the Turks Thomas Lord Arundell,
and in later years Field-Marshal Nugent, a
prince of the Holy Roman Empire and a
magnate of Hungary, Field-Marshal Viscount
Taaffe (Earl of Carlingford), General Nicholas
Taaffe, and possibly Count Taaffe, the
Austrian minister. In Hungary, during the
critical months of 1848 and 1849, one of the
most successful of the Hungarian generals
was the Englishman General Richard Guyon.
Turning to Russia, we have a pioneer of
Central Asian trade, Capt. John Elton, who
finished his adventurous career under the
banners of Persia; Field-Marshal Count Lacy,
" the Prince Eugene of Muscovy " ; General
Maurice Lacy, who fought under Sou varoff;
Admirals Greg and Elphinstone; the vic-
torious Count de Browne. Field-Marshal, and
a still more celebrated Field-Marshal in the
war against Napoleon I., Barclay de Tolly,
the son of a Scotchman.
In Prussia: General Keith, and his brother
Field-Marshal Keith, mortally wounded at
Bochkirch, and Count Douglas. Field-
Marshal York, too, was English by descent.
In Bavaria: Sir Benjamin Thompson, other-
wise the Count von Rumford, the founder of
the Royal Institution of Great Britain, and
urer of smoky chimneys.
In Holland : the bankers George Clifford
(the friend of Linneeus) and John Hope
In Portugal : Admiral Sir George Sartorius,
and Sir Charles Napier of Acre celebrity.
In Sweden : General Barclay, who fought
under Gustavus Adolphus, General Malcolm
Hamilton, and Baron Reay.
In Turkey or Egypt we come across
General Guyon again, Gordon Pasha, Hobart
Pasha, Sir Samuel Baker, General Valentine
Baker, and Hicks Pasha.
In Brazil and Chile : the Earl of Dundonald
and Ambrose O'Higgins (Viceroy of Peru,
and father of the Liberator of Chile).
In Madagascar : General Shervington.
In India : George Thomas, the general of
the Begum Somru.
In Afghanistan : Sir Thomas Salter Pyne,
Dr. Grey, and Dr. Hamilton the last-named,
by the way, a lady.
In Borneo : Sir James Brooke, who subse-
quently became Rajah.
In 'China : General Gordon, Sir Robert
Hart, Admiral Laing.
In Japan : William Adams, the favourite
of two Emperors of Japan in the seventeenth
century, and Prof. Ernest Fox well.
In Tonga : Mr. Baker.
In Morocco, Kaid Sir Harry Macleanh as
already been mentioned. In the Soudan the
lieutenant of the Mahdi, "Osman Digna,"
was believed to have been an Englishman,
George Nisbet. R. B.
Upton.
Premising that Englishmen include Britons
generally, and putting a wide interpretation
on the qualifying adjective "important," I
would mention Admiral Thomas Gordon,
Governor of Cronsfadt, who died in 1741. I
sketched his career at considerable length
in The Aberdeen Free Press, 3 and 19 Sep-
tember, 1898. Again, there was General
Patrick Gordon, Peter the Great's right-
hand man, whose ' Diary ' was issued by the
Spalding Club ; also Field-Marshal Keith, of
Frederick the Great's army.
The literature of the subject includes Hill
Burton's delightful 'Scot Abroad'; W. H.
Davenport Adams's ' Under Many Flags,' 189G ;
Father Forbes Leith's ' Scots Men-at-Arms' ;
Mr. James Ferguson's elaborate history of the
' Scots Brigade in Holland ' ; and Mr. Th. A.
Fischer's excellent books 'The Scots in
Germany ' and ' The Scots in Eastern and
io* s. in. FEB. is, loos.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
131
Western Prussia.' See also Otto Donner's
'Scottish Families in Sweden and Finland'
(Helsingfors, 1884). J. M. BULLOCH.
118, Pall Mall.
A. C. Hobart Pasha was a Turkish admiral
and minister. The Egyptian Government
service is hardly a case in point, but many
Englishmen obtained the title of Pasha for
distinguished conduct.
Prof. W. R. Morfill, in his history, has
much to say on the subject of Britishers in
Russian service, e g., General Patrick Gordon,
who assisted Peter the Great to suppress the
Strelt&i. FKANCIS P. MARCHANT.
Streatham Common.
CHARLES I. IN SPAIN (10 th S. iii. 48). DON
FLORENCIO DE UHAGON would read with
interest several letters in James Howell's
' Epistoke Ho-Elianse' (vol. i. sect. 3, ed. 1713),
which are dated from Madrid, 1622-3, and
comment on the royal courtship then pro-
ceeding. Here is a graphic passage from
No. xviii., addressed to Capt. Tho. Porter :
" There are Comedians once a Week come to
the Palace, where under a great Canopy, the Queen
and the Infanta sit in the middle, our Prince and
Don Carlos on the Queen's right hand, the King
and the little Cardinal on the Infanta's left hand.
I have seen the Prince have his eyes immovably
fixed on the Infanta half an hour together in a
thoughtful speculative posture, which sure would
needs be tedious, unless affection did sweeten it :
It was no handsome comparison of Olii'ares, that
he watcht her as a Cat doth a Mouse. Not long
since the Prince understanding that the Infanta
was us'd to go some mornings to the Casa de Campo,
a Summer-house the King hath tother side the
River, to gather May Dew, he did rise betimes and
went thither taking your Brother with him, they
were let into the House and into the Garden, but
the Infanta was in the Orchard, and there being a
high partition wall between, and the door doubly
bolted, the Prince got on the top of the wall and
sprung down a great height, and so made towards
her, but she spying him first of all the rest, gave a
Shriek and ran back ; the old Marquis that was
then her Guardian came towards the Prince and
fell on his Knees, conjuring his Highness to retire
in regard he hazarded his Head, if he admitted any
to her Company ; so the door was open'd, and he
came out under that Wall over which he had got
in : I have seen him watch a long Hour together in
a close coach in the open Street to see her as she
went abroad : I cannot say that the Prince ever
did talk w T ith her privately, yet publickly often,
my Lord of Bristol being Interpreter : but the King
always sat hard by, to over-hear all. Our Cousin
Archy hath more Priviledge than any, for he often
goes with his Fool's Coat where the Infanta is with
her ifexmas and Ladies of Honor, and keeps a-
blowing and blustering amongst them, and flurtes
out what he list."
It occurs to me to wonder if the picture of
a dwarf by Velazquez in the Prado Gallery
at Madrid, entitled ' D. Antonio el Ingles,'
can be a presentment of Archie : Antonio is
near enough to Archibald for any speaker of
Romance to come. ST. SWITHIN.
My friend DON F. DE UHAGON has anti-
cipated a long formed intention of mine by
asking for a collection of contemporary allu-
sions to the matrimonial visit paid by the
Prince of Wales to Madrid in 1623. In the
cosy Biblioteca Sagarminaga, in the Palacio
de la Diputacion Provincial at Bilbao, con-
taining about 12,000 volumes, there is a book
entitled "Amistades de Principes por Don
Fadriqve Moles (En Madrid, En la Imprenta
Real, Afio de 1637)." On f. 64 occurs the
following allusion to the question :
" Singular fauor, y proteccion f ue, la q' tuuo Dios
de nuestro gran Monarca Filipp Quarto, en desba-
ratar por causas justas el matrimonio, que por tan
hecho se tuuo a los 9. de Otubre de 1623. entre el Rey
de Escocia [stc], e Infante Maria, con que nos libro-
de caer en los males que han caido otros ; razo que
deuiera enfrenar mucho, a los que tan sin rienda
lleuan en sus exercitos, enemigos de Dios, y de la
Religion."
On f. i. verso there is a phrase which
serves as an answer to the recent discussion
in 'N. & Q.' (9 th S. xi. 129, 377) about the
origin of the name Diego. It evidently was
regarded by the author as equivalent to
Tiago in " Sant-Iago," i.e., lacobus :
" Para acreditar esta verdad, es valiente exemplo
el de Christo Senor nuestro, respeto de luan y
Diego sus primes, "
i.e., to confirm this truth the example of
Christ our Lord is useful, with respect to
John and James His cousins.
EDWARD S. DODGSON.
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES ON DICKENS AND
THACKERAY (10 th S. iii. 22, 73). It would be
interesting to identify T. J. Thackeray, who,
as shown by MR. R. E. FRANCILLON and MR.
WALTER JERROLD, was the librettist of ' The
Mountain Sylph.' On referring to the account
of the Thackeray family in The Herald and
Genealogist, ii. 315-28; 440-55 (1864), I find
the only member who bore the initials
T. J. was Mr. Thomas James Thackeray,
who was a second cousin of the novelist.
The father of Mr. T. J. Thackeray was
Thomas Thackeray, born 1767, died 1852,
who held an appointment in the medical
service of the East India Company on the
Madras Establishment, from which he retired
with an ample fortune, and settled at Bath.
He was the eldest son of Thomas Thackeray,
born 1736, died 1806, who was a surgeon at
Cambridge, and who himself was the eldest
son of Dr. Thomas Thackeray, born 1G93,
died 1760, Head Master of Harrow and
132
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io th s. in. FEB. is, 1905.
Archdeacon of Surrey. Dr. Thackeray's
youngest son was William Makepeace
Thackeray, who joined the Bengal Civil
Service in 1766, and became the grandfather
of the novelist. This branch of the family
forms the subject of Sir William Hunter's
delightful book 'The Thackerays in India.'
Mr. Thomas James Thackeray was born at
Madras, 5 September, 1796, and baptized
there on 13 October. He was educated at
Eton, and admitted pensioner of St. John's
College, Cambridge, 15 October, 1814. He
took the degree of M.B. in 1820, and was a
captain in the 2nd Somerset Militia from
1824 to 1855. He was the author of a ' His-
tory of the Agricultural Society of England,'
written in French, and of other works in
that language published at Paris in the years
1846, 1847, and 1848. He also wrote a work
on the ' Military Organization and Adminis-
tration of France,' partly printed (at Woking)
in 1856, and was responsible for some 'Lec-
tures and Manuals on Rifle Practice.' He
settled at Clench Wharton, co. Norfolk, and
was alive in 1864 when the Thackeray family
memoranda were printed in The Herald and
Genealogist.
I think that Mr. Thomas James Thackeray
may probably have written the libretto of
' The Mountain Sylph.' He was evidently a
man of considerable culture, and the name
of " Thwackaway," which was applied to him
by Mr. Logan, would seem to indicate that
he was popular in the society in which he
moved, as disagreeable men seldom receive
the honour of a familiar nickname. Probably,
also, he felt no ambition to figure in bio-
graphical dictionaries, arid has therefore been
forgotten, like Edward Moran and other
popular contemporaries of his, who were
well known in their day, but have since
passed into oblivion. Perhaps ME. JERROLD,
or some other correspondent, may be able
to give some further particulars of him. I
am ignorant of the date of his death.
W. F. PRIDEATJX.
The references under this title to John
Barnett's ' Mountain Sylph' have reminded
me of a letter in my possession, addressed
by my great-uncle, Thomas Dibdin, to C.
Taylor, dated 30 August, 1834, i.e., five days
after the first performance. In this letter
Thomas Dibdin wrote, "The whole of the
opera of the ' Mountain Sylph ' is mine, but
another gentleman has been praised in the
papers for it highly." From the context I
gather that "the amateur gentleman" for
whom the piece was written had not paid
up, and the venerable dramatist was medi-
tating a retaliatory assertion of his author-
ship. It is to be inferred that T. J. Thackeray
subsequently made good his promises, and so
retained his fame as librettist.
E. RIMBAULT DIBDIN.
" BROKEN HEART " (10 th S. iii. 9, 77).
CANON SAVAGE refers to Dr. Stroud's treatise
on ' The Physical Cause of the Death of
Christ,' published in 1846.
To the second edition of that treatise, pub-
lished in 1871, there is an appendix containing
a letter from Sir James Y. Simpson, of Edin-
burgh, to Dr. Hanna, in which he expresses
his strong belief that the view adopted and
maintained by Dr. Stroud, attributing our
Saviour's death, not to the mere result of
crucifixion, but to rupture of the heart, is
fundamentally correct. Sir James gives
his reasons at some length, and states that
this opinion has not been in any way altered
by later observations on the subject both
here and on the Continent.
I would suggest to all who are interested in
the medical view of the subject to read Sir
James Simpson's letter. JAMES WATSON.
Folkestone.
THE LYCEUM THEATRE (10 th S. iii. 45).
Surely Charles Kean's settings were quite as
gorgeous as those of the Lyceum. The
" Charles Kean Collection " at the Albert and
Victoria Museum, South Kensington, for-
tunately preserves the effects produced by his
scenes, painted by the artists themselves.
Few things have given me greater pleasure
than I enjoyed whilst inspecting them.
RALPH THOMAS.
Narbonne Avenue, S.W.
MR. HIBGAME, in his interesting note, is
slightly at fault in writing :
"Built somewhere about 1765, it passed from
theatre to picture gallery, lecture hall, panorama,
and a host of other entertainments, and then back
again to theatre, till its destruction by fire in 1829."
James Payne was the architect of the
building which was erected in 1765 for the
exhibition of the Society of Artists, and
which he named the Lyceum. Three years
later, when a number of the members crossed
the Strand to Somerset House, the premises
were purchased by Mr. Lingham, a breeches-
maker in the Strand, who let them for any
purpose for which he could find a tenant.
The most notable entertainments were
Dibdin's ' The Whim of the Moment ; or,
Nature in Little' (1789), and others of the
kind, "the whole written and composed,
and will be spoken, sung, and accompanied,
by Mr. Dibdin."
The year 1809, when the burnt-out company
from Drury Lane obtained a special licence
10* s. in. FEB. is, loos.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
133
to give dramatic performances here, was
probably the first date when it became a
theatre.
The subsequent remarkable mutations of
this house are of great interest. Its history
has been written and published within recent
years, but for the moment 1 cannot recall the
name of the author. Vide Mr. Barton Baker's
' The London Stage,' vol. ii. p. 36 ; also
Cunningham's ' London,' Timbs, and several
similar works. ALECK ABRAHAMS.
39, Hillmarton Road.
SERJEANTSON FAMILY OF HANLITH, YORKS
(10 th S. ii. 250). If other information be
lacking, is not the first consideration the
probable origin of the surname? Walker's
' Dictionary ' tells us that " surnames origin-
ally designated occupation, place of residence,
or some particular thing or event that related
to the person." li Serjeantson " seems to imply
son of some one known commonly in his time
as "The Sergeant":
" This word 'Sergeant ' is used in Britton for an
Officer belonging to the County ; and the same
which Bracton in his Fifth Book, cap. 4, num. 2,
calls Servientem Hundredi, and is in truth no other
than Bayliff of the Hundred. And the Steward of
a Manor is called Serviens Manerii : Coke, vol. iv.
Copyhold Cases, fol. 21 a." Cowell.
More details concerning this family have
not been found by the present writer than
the following, from The Craven Herald in
1901, over the signature " R. B. Cragg." " The
monks of Fountains were the chief over-
lords or proprietors in this p'sh " (Hanlith).
"In the Abbey's rent roll for 1357 I find one
called Scberlantson " (? Scheriantson). "In
1361 one Eich' 1 Serjeantson held a cottage of
the Abbot at Malham" (an adjoining hamlet).
"In the poll tax of Rich. II., of 1379, a Will
S n and his wife lived at Kirkby - Malham
[another adjoining hamlet], and they paid 4f/. In
1530 this family was settled at Hanlith, and must
have been yeomen. In 1569 the 'Rising of the
North ' found the head of the family siding with
the Nortons At the dissolution of the Abbeys
by Henry VIII. Hanlith was granted to John Lam-
bert, whose grandson Josias, about 1610, sold it to
the Serjeantsons ; and they have held it ever since."
TYKE.
LONDON CEMETERIES IN 1860 (10 th S. ii. 169,
296, 393, 49G, 535; iii. 56). I am extremely
obliged to COL. PRIDEAUX for replying so
kindly and fully to my question respecting the
burial-ground in White Horse Street, Stepney.
From what he says I have no doubt it is
the Stepney Meeting Ground, near Salmon's
Lane, which I remember to have seen.
With regard to the East London Cemetery,
closed, as MR. liAClilCHAKL informs us, in
1854, 1 may say that I have now located its
say.
W
site. From a map issued with ' The Pictorial
Handbook of London ' (Bohn, 1854), it appears
to have been a plot of ground lying a little
to the north-west of the Commercial Gas
Works, near the point where Ben Jonson
Road joins Harford Street. Whether the
site is now built over or not I am unable to-
I JOHN T. PAGE.
est Haddon, Northamptonshire.
TYRRELL FAMILY (10 th S. iii. 69). Has your
correspondent consulted 3 rd S. xii. ; 4 th S. iv. r
v. ; 6 th S. iii. ; 7 th S. ix. ; 8 th S. ii., iv., which
furnish many particulars respecting this
family ] EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.
71, Brecknock Road.
In my experience Lipscomb is always
useful, but not always exact.
I have seen it stated that a subsequent
owner by purchase of the Thornton estate
caused the old Tyrrell monuments or tomb-
stones to be thrown into the River Ouse,
which flows close by. This is almost in-
credible, though not impossible. If true, it is
possible that they may now be in a better
state of preservation than they would have
been in air exposed to wind and frost. Those
interested should investigate on the spot.
A cabdriver now claims the Tyrrell
baronetcy.
A short article on the Tyrrell family
appeared a few months ago in The People.
LLEWELYN LLOYD.
Blake House, Winslow, Bucks.
AlXSTY (10 th S. ii. 25, 97, 455, 516). I have
not an unlimited range over topographical
works, but I can find no mention of Ainsty
except as regards a district about York.
MR. ARTHUR HALL seems to know of an
Ainsty in Cambridgeshire ; but Prof. Skeat
does not include it in his 'Place-names of
Cambridgeshire ' (Cambridge Antiquarian
Society), a fact which is for me very sig-
nificant. I cannot, of course, accept the
suggestion that ain and an must be equiva-
lent. ST. SWITHMT.
' PARADISE LOST ' OF 1751 (10 th S. iii. 68).
This is clearly a further reprint of the
"smaller edition," of which I possess the
ninth issue. Of this, the title-page (single)
is the same as CANON HEWITT'S, but is dated
1711, and the name of Jacob Tonson appears
alone as publisher. It is faced by a portrait
of Milton, with an epigraph by Dryden.
The volume contains (1) the dedication to
Lord Sommers, (2) the poem in Latin by Dr.
Barrow, signed S. B., M.D., (3) the poem of
Andrew Mar veil, 'The Verse.' Many of the
plates show marks of having been signed,
134
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io- s. m. FEB. is, iocs.
; but the signatures have been badly scraped
off. Uniform with it is the
" Paradise Regain'd. | A | Poem | In Four Books.
I To which is added | Samson Agonistes. | And |
Poems on several Occasions. | With a Tractate of
-Education | The Author | John Milton. | The Fifth
Edition. Adorn'd with Cuts. | Printed for J. Ton-
son at Shakespears Head," &c. 1713.
In this too the signatures of the plates are
scraped out, but on one I can read "Pigue"
or "Pigrie." Each section in this latter
volume has a separate title-page, all dated
1713. EDWARD HERON-ALLEN.
The volume mentioned by CANON HEWITT
cannot be a composite volume pieced together
by some collector, as I have found just the
same volume, with all the details described
by this gentleman, in the Munich Hof- und
Staatsbiblipthek. Here this volume figures
as tome i. Tome ii. contains 'Paradise
Regain'd,' 'Samson Agonistes,' ' Poems,' and
the 'Tractate of Education,' "the eighth
edition,'' printed for J. & R. Tonson, R.
Ware, J. Hodges, &c., 1743. Tome ii. has
the same types and quality of paper, but
only one title copper-plate, without other
illustrations. Also the pages are one or two
millimeters shorter than in tome i. Roth
Munich volumes, in the original brown leather
binding, bear the arms of the Princes of the
Palatinate ; they came from Mannheim or
Heidelberg to Munich with the library of
Charles Theodore, Elector of the Palatinate.
(Dr.) M. MAAS.
Munich.
SPELLING REFORM (10 th S. ii. 305, 450; iii.
31). At the last reference I mentioned, from
memory, the instances of the verbs forgo and
forego in Milton ; and as I am now able to
consult the first editions and the concord-
ance, I can give the exact references. Forgo,
meaning do without : ' Paradise Lost,' vii.
1134 (modern editions, via. 497), viii. (modern
editions, ix.) 908, x. 538 (modern editions,
xi. 541); 'Samson Agonistes,' 1. 940, 1. 1483;
4 Hymn of the Nativity,' 1. 196. Forego,
meaning go before: 'Paradise Regained,'
dv. 483. ALDENHAM.
VERSE ON A COOK (10 th S. iii. 89). This
half-stanza is from a poem called 'A Table
of Errata,' by a poet named Thomas Hood.
WALTER W. SKEAT.
CLERGYMAN AS CITY COUNCILLOR (10 th S.
iii. 24). Surely there must be some error in
the statement made by The Times of 22 De-
cember, 1904 (quoted by MR. UNDERDO WN),
that the Rev. Percival Clementi-Smith, rector
of St. Andre\v-by-the-Wardrobe, had been
unanimously elected as a City Councillor for
Castle- Raynard Ward, and that he was the
first clergyman who had been elected to
the Corporation since the Reformation. An
inquiry addressed to the Town Clerk of Hull
(Mr. E. Laverack), who is also a solicitor,
brought the following reply :
"In reply to your letter of 20 January, I beg
to inform you that section 12 of the Municipal
Corporations Act, 1882, provides that a person shall
be disqualified for being elected, and for being, a
councillor if and while he is in Holy Orders, or the
regular minister of a dissenting congregation. This
disqualification, however, does not apply to those
members of the Councils of the City of Oxford and
the Borough of Cambridge who are elected to
represent the Universities."
RONALD DIXON.
THE NAIL AND THE CLOVE (10 th S. iii. 41).
MR. NICHOLSON may beinterested in the article
in The Gentleman's (referred to in a recent part
of the ' New English Dictionary,' s.v. ' Paul ')
as to " Paul's foot." See also ' Pes Pauli ' in
Willis and Clark's 'Architectural History of
Cambridge,' Glossary. As to wool weights, I
shall be glad toknow whether MR. NICHOLSON'S
investigations lead him to accept Thorold
Rogers's statements (e.g. in the appendix to
vol. ii. of 'Agriculture and Prices') as to
most extraordinary variations in the number
of stones in a sack not only between different
localities, but in the same locality at different
times. My own impression is that the Pro-
fessor consistently read "sack" every time
he found an s., and that the letter, as a fact,
frequently stands for " sarpler." Q. V.
COUTANCES, WINCHESTER, AND THE CHANNEL
ISLANDS (10 th S. ii. 68, 154. 231). In view of
the obscurity of this subject, perhaps it may
be of interest to summarize very briefly
MR. LEE'S paper in the twenty-ninth Bulletin
of the Societe Jersiaise, which he very kindly
sent me. On 28 October, 1406, Alexander VI.
transferred Jersey and Guernsey to the
diocese of Salisbury, and on 20 January, 1499,
the same Pope transferred all the islands to
Winchester diocese. Henry VII. wrote to
the Bishop of Winchester on 25 October,
1499, with reference to the Bull of the latter
date ; and on 1 January, 1500, the Winchester
register records the admission of a priest to
the living of St. Brelarde's, Jersey. This
admission is also recorded in the Coutances
register. No further act of jurisdiction of
the Bishop of Winchester in the islands, is
recorded in the register of that see before
14 June, 1569. The last act of jurisdiction
registered by the Bishop of Coutances is
dated 31 May, 1557. In 1565 the Privy
Council supported the claims of the Bishop
10* s. in. FEB. is, 1905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
135
of Coutances. The Bishop of Winchester's
claim was finally approved by an order in
Council dated 11 March, 1568/9. One wonders
whether the Bulls of 28 October, 1496, and
20 January, 1499, were ever communicated
to the French bishop. Xo record of any
act of the Privy Council in the reign o'f
Edward VI. dealing with this matter seems
to remain. JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.
ENGLISH BURIAL GROUND AT LISBON (10 th
S. ii. 448 ; iii. 34). There is a little about
this burial-ground in 'Portugal illustrated
in a Series of Letters, 3 by the Rev. VV. M.
Kinsey, B.D., second edition, London, 1829.
The letter which contains the references is
No. iv. and is dated Lisbon, 1827. The author
speaks of the burial-ground as near to some
barracks, "at the moment of which we are
speaking, occupied by one of our regiments
of guards." *
The author says, "We sought in vain for
the tomb of Fielding, whose remains were,
we knew, nevertheless deposited here." He
speaks of the cypress trees and of there
being " a variety of trees not usually seen in
our northern churchyards." Also,
"among the monuments, we found one erected to
Thomas Parr, by order of the general court of
Governors of Christ's Hospital in 1792 : and on the
portico of the receiving house, looking down an
avenue in the cemetery, we observed the following
inscription, which shows that this sacred spot was
purchased by the British and Dutch merchants
united,
Impensis Britannorum et Batavorum, 1794."
Pp. 103-5.
It may be that the inscription refers to the
receiving house, and not to the piece of land.
ROBERT PIERPOINT.
St. Austin's, Warrington.
SIR THOMAS CORNWALLIS (10 th S. iii. 29, 73).
The document described by MR. HERON-
ALLEN is evidently one of the Writs of Privy
Seal for Loans a kind of royal promissory
note or Exchequer bill issued by James I.
to raise money, after he had indignantly
told his grudging Commons that he did not
want their " supply," which, however, we are
told, they had no intention of granting him.
It is a document well known to students of
old records. These writs were directed to all
persons of means in each county, requiring
them to pay to the county collector the
amount mentioned in the writ, which in
those I have seen appears to have varied
according to individual circumstances or
* A force of 5,000 men was sent to Lisbon in
December, 1826, to give aid to Isabella, Princess
Regent of Portugal, against the absolutists. It left
in April, 182$.
assessment. The writ then passed into circu-
lation as paper currency, and sometimes was
not presented at the Exchequer until two
or three years after the date specified for
its redemption had elapsed. A note of its
repayment was then made upon it, signed
by the Teller of the Exchequer who paid it
as well as by its then holder or assignee. Its
phraseology is very curious, and may be of
royal composition, or more probably it was
merely the usual form of such writs. It
is certainly a document of much " con-
stitutional" interest. A perfect specimen
should have a large papered impression of
the Privy Seal affixed to it, and the name of
the person to whom it was directed, and who
had to make the advance, written upon the
fly-leaf of it. It is printed in " Secretary :>
not " Court-hand '' type. G. B. M.
SAMUEL WILDERSPIN (10 th S. ii. 528). It
has been stated by a correspondent ( th S. i.
332) that the portrait by Herbert, R.A., was
then (April, 1898) in the possession of Mr.
J. W. Young, of Belgrave Road, Rathmines,
Dublin, who married one [of Wilderspin's
daughters. This portrait " was engraved by
Agnew, but for some unknown reason prints
were not published." For a list of Wilder-
spin's works and the families into which his
son and daughters married see 9 th S. i. 270.
EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.
71, Brecknock Road.
EXTRAORDINARY TIDE IN THE THAMES
(10 th S. iii. 47). In view of the possibilities
of the Thames Harbour Bill, which is shortly
to claim the attention of Parliament, and.
which, if it becomes law, will settle all ques-
tions of tide in the Thames above Gravesend
regardless of the forces of nature, at the
absolute will of a committee of men, it is
due to that little band of volunteers who
are promoting the Great Thames Barrage
Scheme that present records should be fairly
stated, and the assertion in The Times that
' no damage appears to have been done" is-
open to correction. As a matter of fact,
there was very considerable loss and incon-
venience in Kent and Essex by breaches and
overflow of the river walls, and large tracts
were inundated, as there is plenty of local
newspaper evidence to show ; and many of us
remember having to travel on the London
and Tilbury Railway through floods so deep
that it was only by the greatest caution that
the engine-drivers could prevent the water
from putting out their engine fires.
The Barrage Scheme, if carried out, will
revolutionize the Lower Thames, by keeping
the tide always high, but no higher than
136
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io< h s. in. FEB. is, 1905.
needful, conducing to pleasure and safety,
and at the same time affording room for
motor or sailing yacht traffic ; and if that is
not sufficient, then there would be room for
the whole of the British navy to lie in peace
in a deep-water harbour, with never a fear
for a return of the tide. The idea bristles
with promise for London, but the misfortune
of it is that the Thames Conservancy, having
now completed, so far as is humanly possible,
the pioneer idea of Teddington Lock, has
fallen into an almost moribund condition. It
is an old saying that the song of the dying
swan is most melodious, but that does not
hold good of the valedictory remarks of
Sir Frederick Dixon Hartland, the retiring
Chairman, when he said to a Daily Graphic
interviewer :
"When you take into account the fogs that you
get on the river, and the immense turns in the
river, I don't see how steamboats can compete with
omnibuses and the railways. In Paris you have
boats each holding from forty to fifty, and running
every two minutes. A system properly worked
in summer as pleasure traffic might do, but I don't
see how they are to be carried on all the year, and
I fancy they will have to be stopped eventually. If
they will allow the sale of drinks on board they
might pay expenses. The profit on the drink would
not do it ; but people would come who otherwise
would stay away. This has been proved before."
_ That is scarcely a hopeful picture of the
tides of London's future ; and in such a case
a return to the primitive ways of old London
might not be entirely out of the question, or
even undesirable. The Civil and Mechanica"
Engineers' Society, in discussing this lock
at Gravesend, suggested that the Thame>
lightermen, who for years past had conductec
dumb barges up the river with the flood anc
down again with the ebb tide, would have
their motive power, and with it their living
taken from them. Such, indeed, was the
motive power of the historic Gravesend til
boats, the common passenger boats to London
from the time of Queen Elizabeth to Kinj
George III., when steamboats were inventec
to disturb the peaceful, happy scene.
such again is to be the scene of the Thames
the greatest river of the world, then wit!
a lock at Gravesend Denham's well-knowr
lines may be literally fulfilled. That woul<
be charming for a poetical London ; but
fear that the doom of the Thames is traffi
to the utmost in bigger and yet bigger steam
ships, and the Thames Conservancy's dredg
ing for deeper and yet deeper channels wi
scarcely accord with the dumb barge traffic
Even now the Suez Canal is becomin
obsolete through its insufficiency of depth
and ships of the future will be passing rpun
the Cape again for the want of a bigge
anal. May such ships of the future ever
gain enter the Port of London 1 If with a
reat bar with locks at Gravesend, yes, and
o London's hearts' content ; but without it,
hen good-bye to London as a seaport of the
vorld, and good-bye to Gravesend as the
ea-gate key. CHARLES COBIIAM.
Gravesend.
POLICE UNIFORMS : OMNIBUSES (10 th S. iii.
29, 73). The Illustrated London News of
May, 1847 (p. 288), gives the approximate
iate of the introduction of the "knife-board"
mnibus. There is on the page indicated an
engraving of such a vehicle plying for hire,
and also a sectional back view of this "im-
proved omnibus. " From the letterpress I
copy the following paragraphs :
"This new omnibus involves two points of
mportance to the public improved construction
ind consequent reduction of fare.
" Several of the new carriages are now building for
,he Economic Conveyance Company, by Messrs.
Adams &Co., at their works, Fairfield, Bow ; who
"iave patented this vehicle. Its prominent differ-
ences from the omnibuses in general use, are its
easiness of access, that [? the] roof of the carriage
;>eing raised, so as to admit the free entrance,
without stooping, of a tall person ; whilst a safe
mode of holding on is afforded till the passenger is
seated.
" The interior of the roof of the carriage is to be
appropriated to advertisements, whilst its exterior
will form a seat for the outside passengers. Thir-
teen passengers may be carried within, and about
fourteen without. For the interior conveyance
twopence per passenger, and for the outside one
penny, for an average distance of a mile will be
charged. It is not, however, intended to convey
passengers strictly by the mile, but from one part
of the metropolis to another, averaging the distance
of a mile ; and other omnibuses will be in attend-
ance to convey the traveller to, or towards his
destination."
JOHN T. PAGE.
West Haddon, Northamptonshire.
To the London Road-Car Company belongs
the credit of having introduced ''garden-
seat " omnibuses into England. Its first
vehicle, an illustration of which is given in
my book ' Omnibuses and Cabs : their Origin
and History,' published three years ago. had
the staircase at the front ; but this arrange-
ment proving dangerous to the public, altera-
tions were made which produced the present
type of omnibus. This was in 1881. The
same company introduced the ticket system
rolls of tickets and the L.G.O.C. adopted
it in 1891. Neither company found it a
reliable check, and it was relinquished for the
"bell punch" system now in vogue. But
several years before the London Road-Car
Company came into existence, tickets were
issued in the omnibuses of the Metropolitan
s. iii. FEB. is, IMS.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
137
Kail way, which ran .from Portland Road
Station to Piccadilly Circus for the con-
venience of railway passengers. The con-
ductor collected the railway tickets in the
omnibuses, and passengers who had not come
by train were given tickets in exchange for
their fares.
The "minibus" mentioned by MR. BARCLAY-
ALLARDICE was undoubtedly a cab. It was
one of the names by which Boulnois's cab
was known in London in 1832. Another
name was " the omnibus slice," bestowed
upon it because of its resemblance to the
front part of an omnibus.
HENRY CHARLES MOORE.
66, Morshead Mansions, W.
A minibus was a closed vehicle in vogue in
Scotland fifty or sixty years ago, with the
door behind, and a seat for two passengers
on either side. If my memory serves me
aright, it ran on four wheels, and differed
in construction from any kind of carriage
now in use, in that the driver's seat was
placed very high sometimes, I think, _ on
the front of the roof, as in the original
omnibus. R. E. B.
I should like to say that the tunic and
helmet of the police were adopted about
1863 or 1864, but I believe the "white ducks"
were abolished many years before that date.
I can distinctly remember as far back as
1838, and at that date, and for many years
after, I recall omnibuses with doors : they
ran from Mile End Gate to Paddington, I
think. The conductor stood on what was
termed a "monkey-board," and held on by
a leather strap. R. MURRAY.
180, Ennersdale Road, Lewisham, S.E.
DANISH SURNAMES (10 th S. iii. 49).
Surnames do not seem to have been known
until a period some centuries after the Viking
age. Some nicknames may have survived
the person thus designated ; but most of the
names adopted, when surnames appear in
the twelfth century, were taken from the
various parts of the Danish realm, from the
town, village, farm, &c., nearest at hand
Many quaint names have survived in Norway
owing to any place in the locality of the
family being chosen. The nobility chose
names of animals for preference, viz., Buk
(Buch), Brus, Hjort, Ged, Hog, Krage, Kalv
other surnames were taken from weapons
and utensils in general use, viz., Hammer
Brand(t). About 1500 the King of Denmark
tried to make the noble families each have
their own special surname, under which the
branches of the same family could be known.
Vames like Gyldenstjerne, Rosenkrans, and
Ivitfeld thus arose. After the Reforma-
,ion the students followed suit, latinizing
heir birthplace, viz., Pontoppidan. The
townspeople when the custom became general
hose as a rule their surname from the various
professions. W. R. P.
WILLIAM III.'s CHARGERS AT THE BATTLE
OF THE BoYNE (10 th S. ii. 321, 370, 415, 453).
In support of MR. PICKFORD'S supposition
that William crossed the Boyne at very
shallow water, I may direct attention to the
'ollowing lines from ' The Fops at the Boyne'
n Thornbury's ' Songs of the Cavaliers and
Roundheads' (Hurst & Blackett, 1857) :
"Fire-drakes, ford the Irish river,"
Panting cried Mackay ;
Then the splashing and the gurgle
As the waters fly :
Some were wading to the ankle,
Some to full mid-thiyh.
The italics are mine.
The skull of the Duke of Schomberg in
St. Patrick's Cathedral was turned up in the
course of some repairs in 1902, but was buried
in its former resting-place.
HENRY GERALD HOPE.
119, Elms Road, Clapham, S.W.
' THE NORTHAMPTON MERCURY ' (10 th S. iii.
5, 94). Mea culpa ! I inadvertently sent off
the paragraph from the Dail;/ Mail without
annotation, and, but for MR. R. L. MORETON'S
reminder, the error concerning Robert
Raikes would have been allowed to stand.
My apologies are due to both Editor and
readers. It was Robert Raikes, father of
the philanthropist, who, with Mr. W. Dicey,
founded The Northampton Mercury in 1720,
as set forth in my previous note at 8 th S. vi.
25. The two men also founded The Gloucester
Journal in 1722 ; but ultimately the partner-
ship was dissolved, and Dicey retained sole
possession of the business at Northampton,
while that at Gloucester fell to the share of
Raikes. JOHN T. PAGE.
West Haddon, Northamptonshire.
"SNOWTE": WEIR AND FISHERY (10 th S.
iii. 88). As a projecting point of land is
called a ness or a naze, both apparently con-
nected with nose, there seems to be no reason
why it may not also be called a snout. See
prov. E. snout in the ' Eng. Dialect Dic-
tionary.' WALTER W. SKEAT.
Probably Snowte is but another spelling of
snout, and would, therefore, be equivalent
with nose, which is not an uncommon name
for a small headland ; e.g., at Torquay there
is Hope's Nose. W. C. B.
133
NOTES AND QUERIES, no* s. in. FEB. is, 1905.
NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.
The Devil's Charter. By Barnabe Barnes. Edited
from the Quarto of 1607 by R. B. McKerrow.
(Louvain, Uystpruyst ; London, Nutt.)
Btn Jomoriij Dramen. In Neudruck herausgegeben
nach cler Folio 1616 von W. Bang. Erster Teil.
(Same publishers.)
THESE two works constitute vols. vi. and yii. of
"Materialien zur Kunde des iilteren Englischen
Dramas," edited by a society of English, American,
and Continental scholars, and issued in handsome
and attractive guise from the presses of Louvain
and Leipzig. That some notable reprints, includ-
ing Thomas Heywood's 'Pleasant Dialogues and
Drammas,' had been issued under this designation
we had heard, though we had not previously come
across any of the publications. The reprint now
before us of the first part of the 1616 folio of Ben
Jonson, which is issued under the editorship of
Prof. Bang, is the most important work as yet
undertaken by the society. What is the value of
this first folio of Ben Jonson has become gradually
known to scholars and collectors, with the result
that the work, once a drug in the market, is
now at a premium, and worth as many pounds
as it was formerly worth shillings. In recog-
nizing the value of this beautiful reprint, and in
acknowledging the spirit and enterprise of the
publishers, to whom English scholarship is under
deepest obligation, we cannot but regret that it is
reserved to foreigners to accomplish what should be
assumed as a national responsibility, and tojopen out
a series of works such as neither of our Shakespeare
Societies has attempted. Already we begin to
speculate as to what we may not expect from a
series that starts in such fashion. Most heartily
do we, on the strength of what is before us, com-
mend the work to pur readers, and urge them to
support an institution that promises to do for us
what has not previously been attempted. In the
first part of Ben Jonson appear in facsimile ' Euery
Man in his Humour,' ' Euery Man Ovt of his
Humour,' 'Cynthias Revels,' and the opening por-
tion of ' Poetaster or His Arraignement/ suggesting
that the whole will occupy four numbers of the
same size as the present. Facsimiles of the various
title-pages are given, the work reproducing also
Vaughan's portrait and the emblematical general
title of Hole, with the date 1616 and the words
* The Workes of Ben Jonson,' which brought on the
poet the derision of his more jealous and ill-natured
contemporaries. The 'Catalogue,' the 'Carmen
Protrepticon ' of Selden, the commendatory verses
of Chapman, Beaumont, and others, are also pre-
served. Prof. Bang's task is admirably discharged,
and we are disposed to regard the publication as
the greatest contribution yet made to the Tudor
drama from a foreign source.
Barnabe Barnes's grim and curious play l The
Devil's Charter ' is now for the first time edited and
reprinted from the quarto of 1607. Recent as is
Mr. McKerrow's introduction, fresh light has been
cast upon Barnes since its appearance. That Barnes
was in little favour with his fellows, and had a
reputation that might be judged irreconcilable
with his origin (he was the son of a bishop), was
known ; that he was a brawler, an evil liver, and a
profligate was to be gathered from evidence, internal
and external ; that he was a murderer, a prison-
breaker, and a fugitive from justice has but recently
been discovered. By the light of contemporary
revelations his choice and treatment of a subject
acquire new interest. Barnes had little lyrical in-
spiration, but had a certain amount of ill-regulated
ability. He appears to have been one of the most tur
bulent and disorderly worshippers and imitators
of Marlowe, and will doubtless, if he is judged im-
portant enough, find in due time his rehabilitates.
The basis of his tragedy, which deals with the life
and death of Pope Alexander VI., and was per-
formed before King James at Christmas, 1606,
is taken in the main from Guicciardini, who is
introduced at the end of each act as chorus.
Alexander, who has sold his soul, like Faustus, to
the devil, is a monster of iniquity. The devils
introduced are at times rather hilarious crea-
tures. Written in a style farced with Latin-
isms, the play is a mine for the philologist.
It is quite possible to think of Barnes gloating
over the iniquities he describes. Pantagruell is
mentioned in connexion with a character called
Pantaconger. One scene, in which Alexander woos
from a window, is unparalleled in the drama
until we reach the worst iniquities of Restoration
time and the choicest utterances of Wycherley.
There is no list of characters. There are some
useful notes, textual and others, and a valuable
introduction, dealing with bibliographical points of
great interest. An index at the close is a useful
feature. Had we space to dilate on the play we
could find much to say concerning it. As it is,
we confine ourselves to urging strongly our readers
to subscribe to a series which promises greatly to
enrich our stores of accessible literature. The
works seem to be issued under the protection of
the great University of Louvain, in which M. Bang
is Professor of English Philology. In typographical
respects and in accuracy the publications we have
seen are alike ideal.
The Rubdiydt of Omar Khayyam. Translated by
Edward FitzGerald. Illustrated by Gilbert
James. (Routledge & Sons.)
THIS edition of FitzGerald's Omar Khayyam con-
tains seventy - five stanzas, each printed on a
separate page, and is accompanied by twelve re-
productions in photogravure of designs by Mr.
Gilbert James. These, though slightly sentimen-
talized, are Persian in character, are pleasantly
suggestive, and add greatly to the attractions of the
book. Especially happy is the design serving as
frontispiece. It is a delightful work for either
library or boudoir, and forms presumably the first
issue of what is called "The Photogravure Series.''
What works will constitute appropriate companions
to the ' Rubaiyat' we know not. We are thankful,
however, for what we have, and wait patiently
for what time will show us.
THE later numbers of the Intermedia!)-*, contain,
among other articles relating to a wide range of
subjects, papers on the second marriage ot the
Duchess of Berry, certain existing descendants of
Napoleon the Great, the project of marriage cut
short by the death of Leon Gambetta, the armorial
coats of bishoprics and abbeys, and the still-existing
boundary stones marking the limits of the corree
of two adjoining parishes.
THE first article in Folk-lore is the second part
of Mr. Cook's account of the sky-god of Europe.
Then come ' Notes from Armenia,' by J. R Harris.
in. FEB. is, 1905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
139
In the collectanea occur some Irish beliefs,
among which we read that " the poor here [Tip-
perary] have wonderful faith in the priest, who
they believe 'can turn them into turkey-cocks, or
fasten them to the ground.' " Into what, one may
ask, did these Christian shamans transform recal-
citrant parishioners before the turkey was intro-
duced from its native country, America ?
BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES.
MR. BLACK WELL, of Oxford, has a clearance
catalogue, which contains much of interest under
Antiquarian, Bibliography, Heraldry, and Topo-
graphy. Previous catalogues can still be had,
including a selection from the library of the late
Canon Ainger.
Mr. Dobell's Catalogue 128 contains much to
interest us. Under Goldsmith we find a copy of
the first edition of ' The Vicar of Wakefield,' 2 vols.
12mo, 1766, handsomely bound in crimson morocco,
\ri -W alen a first, fiHitirm of ' Shft StooDS tc
1709-10, 6?. 6-1. Under Swift is a first edition of
'Gulliver,' including the very rare spurious vol. iii.,
57. 5". There is a Shakespeare Folio, second
impression, 1632, 1257. : another copy, 45?. : and a
third copy, 467. A copy of Shirley's plays, 1653, is
priced at 121. 12*. : a first edition of 'Paradise Lost'
is to be had for 30?. : a first edition of ' Rasselas,'
original binding, uncut, 51. 5s. ; Beaumont and
Fletcher, first edition, 36?. The excessively rare
original edition of Herrick is marked 18?. 18s.
Under America are many rare works. There are
also interesting collections of historical pamphlets.
Among Dryden items is the first edition of all the
volumes of the 'Miscellany,' 1684-1709, price 12?.
Mr. Dobell sends us also Catalogue 129. In this
are books from the library of the late Duke of
Cambridge. Among these are a large-paper copy
of Bell's 'British Theatre,' with brilliant impres-
sions of the numerous fine portraits, 1791-G, 31 vols.,
6? 6s. ; ' Protests of the House of Lords,' 1641-1735,
12*. (''?. ; Nichols's ' Literary Anecdotes,' 14 vols.,
1?. 10s. ; and Wilkes's Xorth Briton, complete set,
3 vols. folio, 1769-70. 12s. Qd. The miscellaneous
portion includes a first edition of ' Northanger
Abbey,' 1818, 3?. 3s. Under Cruikshank is a set
of the original editions of 'The Comic Almanack,'
1835-53. 37. 10s. Under Dickensiana is the very
rare 'Posthumous Papers of the Cadgers' Club,'
1838, 2?. 18s. ' Real Life in London,' 1822-3, is 67.6s.
Mr. Downing, of the Chaucer's Head Library,
Birmingham, has an interesting little catalogue.
The items include the rare Collier Shakespeare,
8 vols., 1878, IS?. 18s. (there were only 58 copies of
this privately printed) : the Vale Press Shakespeare,
38 vols., in the original green cloth, 227. 15s. : Reid's
'Cruikshank Catalogue,' 3 vols. 4to, 1871, 16?. 16s.
(this contains 313 etchings, and is very scarce) ; a
tine copy of Constable's 'Landscape Scenery,' 1855,
very scarce, 4?. 4-s. ; Hogarth, Baldwin, 1822, 5?. 5s. :
Lodge's ' Portraits,' 1821-34, 22?. 10s. ; a cheap set
of the ' Musee Francais,'6 vols. atlas folio, 10?. 10-s. ;
Roscoe's 'Novelists' Library,' 1813-33, scarce,
10?. 10s.
Mr. Francis Edwards has a clearance cata-
logue of books, ancient and modern. There are a
number of works on Afghanistan and Australia,
many of them from the library of the explorer
James Bonwick. Under China is a copy of Leech's
' Butterflies of China and Japan,' price 7?. 10s-
Under India occur 'Fort St. George Records,'
38 vols., 6?., and 'Bombay Government Records,''
1885-1903, 4?. : also Hampson's ' Moths,' 2/. 10*.
Under Egypt is the first series, complete in 12 vols.,
of English translations of the Assyrian and Egyptian
inscriptions, 2?. '2s. In the general portion of the
catalogue are a copy of Le Monitenr, 1 Jan., 1790, to
30 June, 1814, 15?. ; the Standard Library Editioa
of Thackeray, 8?. ; Stephens's ' British Entomology,.
7?. 7s. ; Scott, 1842, 17. vols., 8?. 8s. ; the Gadshill
Dickens, 6?. ; and Wheatley and Cunningham's*
' London,' 35s. There are works on costumes-
and interesting coloured stipple and other engrav-
ings. Many noteworthy items will be found under
Architecture, Anatomy, Birds, and Folk - lore.
There are publications of scientific and learned!
societies, among them being the Camden, a com-
plete set of Archceolorjia, 30?., also Archcvoloyia-
Oambrensit, 40?.
List 277 of Messrs. William George's Sons, Bristol,
contains works on Heraldry and Antiquities
local to the British Isles. The catalogue is well,
arranged and easy of reference. Under Somerset*
may be noticed Collinson's ' County History, '7?. Is. ;-.
' Illustrations of the County,' from old drawings in
the British Museum, 6?. 16s. 6f?. ; and Green's.
'Bibliotheca,' 1902, which The Athenaeum described
as being the best and most thorough county biblio-
graphy that has yet been issued.
Mr. Henry Gray, of East Acton, issues what he
calls "International Bulletins." We have received
the last two. No. 242 is devoted to Family Histories,
many privately printed and mostly scarce. Dr..
Howard's ' Arundell Family,' 6 vols. folio, is priced,
at 12?. 12s. : Canon Jackson's work on the ' Ayliffe
Family,' 4?. 4s. ; a 'Collection relating to the
Howorth Family,' 15?. 15s. Among other records
j are those of the Borthwicks, Cranmers, Colbys,
i Carnegies, Carlisles, Prideaux, Penningtons, &c.
| No. 243 contains fine books, rare tracts and
MSS., and many choice engravings.
Mr. Charles Higham has a big list of theological
books at low prices. Among the items are a set of
Calvin, 52 vols., SI. 3s. ; The, Clergyman's Magazine,
47. ; a number of Cardinal Newman's works, in-
cluding the original edition of his 'Apologia':
Pusey's 'Minor Prophets,' 1?. 4-s.; Dr. Parker's
'People's Bible,' 31. 7-s. Qd. ; and Tregelles's Greek
Testament, 17. 8s. There are some new books at
reduced prices, including the works of Jeremy
Taylor, 10 vols., 18s., published at 57. 5-s.
Mr. Hugh Hopkins, of Glasgow, has in his list a
number of family histories. These include Fraser's
' Scotts of Buccleuch,' 17?. 10s. ; also ' The Frasers
of Philorth, 107. There are many works relating to
! Glasgow. A complete set of the Bannatyne Club
i Publications, Edinburgh, 1823-67, is priced at 1757.
Among general items are ' The Arabian Nights.'
| Villon Society, 15?., and Burton's ' Scotland,' 87. 10<.
Under Burns are Allan Cunningham's edition, 27.,
and the Memorial Catalogue of the Exhibition in
! Glasgow, 1896, 4?. 10s. Only fifty copies of this special
i edition were printed. Pickering and Moxon's edi-
; tion of Coleridge is 147. 10s. : Crowe and Caval-
i caselle's ' Painting in Italy,' 187. ; Dibdin's ' Deca-
' meron,' 1817. 157. ; Dibdin's ' Tour in France,' 1821,
j 317. 10'. (both of these are full bound in morocco) ;
I Douglas's ' Peerage of Scotland,' 107. 10s. ; Hun-
i terian Club Publications, 10?. 10s ; Kay's ' Portraits
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io* s. in. FEB. is, 1005.
of Eminent and Notorious Scotch Characters,' 1837,
"102. 101. ; "Library of Old Authors," 53 vols., 11. 10s. ;
Meyrick's ' Antient Armour,' 3 vols. folio, crimson
morocco, Bohn, 1842, 121. ; Ritson's works, 31 vols.,
211. ; Roy's ' Roman Antiquities,' 41. is. ; Buskin's
' Modern Painters,' 1873, 101. 10s. ; and Pickering's
edition of Walton and Cotton, 2 vols. imperial 8vo,
16Z. 10s.
Catalogue No. 9 of Mr. H. H. Peach, of Leicester,
contains interesting manuscripts. It is also rich
in specimens of early presses. Among Bibles is
a sound copy of Cromwell's Bible, 102. 10$. Under
Bibliography we find one of the 200 copies of ' Three
Hundred Notable Books added to the British
Museum, 1890-99' (a letter from Dr. Garnett pasted
in), price 11. 12s. 6d. There is a letter of Lord
dive's, dated Calcutta, 29 Sept., 1765, which
states: "Bengali will at last afford you some
agreeable news after the many disastrous accounts
of massacres, mutinies, &c. Peace and tranquillity
is at last restored to these much distressed pro-
vinces." The price is 51. 5s. Under Music is a
miscellaneous collection of eighteenth-century songs,
3 vols., 41. 4s. In the general list we find Beaumont
and Fletcher, 1679, 81. 8s. ; Dibdin's ' Typographical
Antiquities,' 1810, 4 vols., 11. 10s. ; Dugdale's 'St.
Paul's,' 1716, 11. 5s. ; and Shelley's ' Masque of
Anarchy,' first edition, 1832, 31. 10s.
Mr. A- Russell Smith has a number of books
tinder Americana, also Old American Maps, very
interesting. Under Bibliography is a catalogue
of a curious collection of early plays, price 21s.
Among general items are Chalkhill's ' Thealma and
Clearchus,' first edition, 1683, 11. 7s. ; a copy of the
Form of Prayer used after the Fire of London, black-
ktter, 1666, '21. 2s. (a copy of this sold at Sotheby's
in 1857 for 41. 12s.) ; an heraldic manuscript from
the library of John Ives (circa 1610), 242. ; and Caw-
dray's ' Proverbs,' T. Creede, 1600, SI. 3s. There
are a number of interesting engravings and auto-
graphs. Among the former is a collection of satirical
prints relating to the South Sea Bubble, 21. 2s.
Messrs. Henry Sotheran & Co.'s list opens with
'Acts of Parliament,' 1803-1903. 85 vols., 81. 8s.
This is from the library of the Duke of Cambridge.
Under Biblia Sacra are rare items. An extra-
illustrated copy of Burnet's 'History of his own
Time,' 1724-34, is priced at 382. ; Camden's ' Bri-
tannia,' extra-illustrated, 1806, 502. ; Chaucer, 1561,
folio, black-letter, in the original oaken boards,
scarce, 152. 15s. : Caxton's ' Golden Legend,' 1520,
very rare, 252. ; Payne Collier's 'Old Man's Diary,'
privately printed, 51. 5s. ; also his ' Illustrations of
'Old English Literature,' 4?. 4s. Under Dictionaries
are ' The English Dialect,' Funk & Wagnalls's,
Littre's, and Skeat's. Glasse's 'Art of Cookery,'
"printed for the Author, and sold at Mrs. Ash-
burn's, a China-Shop, the Corner of Fleet-Ditch,"
1747, is 172. 17s. There are a large number of books
under India and its Neighbour-lands. Among these
we note the very scarce Oriental Translation
Fund's Publications, 1832-46, 142. 14s. ; a very fine
copy of La Fontaine, 1776, 31?. 10s. ; a scarce set of
Lecky, 232. ; a copy of the ' Heptameron,' 1792,
'81. 15s. ; and Reynolds's works, 521. 10s. There are
a number of valuable editions of Shakespeare, niany
in choice bindings ; also a copy, in the original
cloth, of Smith s ' Catalogue Raisonne of the
Dutch, Flemish, and French Painters,' SGI. A set of
Hertslet's ' State Papers,' 1841-93, is priced at 451.
Mr. Albert Button, of Manchester, has a good
list of general literature. We find among the items
Bibliographica, 3 vols., 1895-7, 21. 17s. 6(2. ; The
Anglo-Saxon Review, 11. 16s.: Stillman's 'Venus
and Apollo in Painting and Sculpture' (only 555
copies printed), 21. 2*. ; and a first edition of Jane
Austens 'Emma,' 11. 16s. There are many items
under Cruikshank and Dickens. A copy of John-
stone and Croall's 'Nature-printed Seaweeds' is
priced at 11. 16s. (this was published at 82. Ss.) ; and
Hamerton's ' Landscapes,' first edition, 31. The
special selections include Alpine, America, Derby-
shire, Staffordshire, Trials, &c.
Messrs. Henry Young & Sons, of Liverpool,
in their new list have the rare first edition of
Lodge's ' Portraits,' 322. The initial cost of this work
was 40,0002. A copy of Boccaccio, rare German
translation, 1535, is 81. 8s. ; Walton's ' Lives,'
original edition, most rare, 152. 15s. ; Stephens's
' Runic Monuments, 1 52. ; Farmer and Henley's
' Slang Dictionary,' 11. 7s. ; The European Magazine,
23 vols., 1792-1803, 51. 5s. ; and Solon's 'Art of the
Old English Potter,' 31. 10s. There are handsomely
bound sets of Dickens and Thackeray. Bowles's
' Life of Ken,' with 300 extra plates, is 142. 10s., and
Tuer's ' History of the Hornbook,' 31. 10s. Under
Heraldry we find ' The Order of the Garter, 1800-20,'
402. Under Garrick is a MS. from the library of
the late Duke of Cambridge, ' Lethe ; or, ^-Esop in
the Shades,' 1777, 11. 7s. Under Cruikshank is the
first edition of 'The Omnibus,' 42s. A handsome
set of George Meredith is priced at 11. 7s. Gell's
' Pompeii ' is 11. 7s. Arnold's ' Collection of Cathe-
dral Music,' 1847, very scarce, is 51. 5s. ; and Max-
well's ' Irish Rebellion,' 1845, 32. 10s.
WE notice with regret the death on Sunday last
of Henry Holman Drake, in his eighty-fifth year.
Mr. Drake, who was proud of his descent from the
celebrated mariner of Elizabethan days, was a con-
stant correspondent in our columns.
ta
We must call special attention to the following
notices :
WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately.
To secure insertion of communications corre-
spondents must observe the following rules. Let
each note, query, or reply be written on a separate
slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and
such address as he wishes to appear. When answer-
ing queries, or making notes with regard to previous
entries in the paper, contributors are requested to
Eut in parentheses, immediately after the exact
eading, the series, volume, and page or pages to
which they refer. Correspondents who repeat
queries are requested to head the second com-
munication "Duplicate."
R. W. ("Ephis and his Lion"). No reply to
your query at 10 th S. ii. 448 has yet been received.
Should one come to hand, it will be inserted.
ERRATUM. In the Index to 10 th S. ii. p. 563, col. 2,
the article on Richard of Scotland should have
been attributed to the Rev. Jerome Pollard-
Urquhart, not to Col. F. E. R. Pollard-Urquhart.
NOTICE.
Editorial communications should be addressed
to " The Editor of 'Notes and Queries'" Adver-
tisements and Business Letters to "The Pub-
lisher" at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery
Lane, B.C.
io s. in. FEB. is, 1905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES (FEBRUARY).
(Continued from Second Advertisement Page.)
OLD AND BABE BOOKS
AT
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PICCADILLY CIRCUS, LONDON.
MR. W. M. VOYNICH
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Literature up to the Eighteenth Century.
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141
LOXDOX, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY *5, 190$.
CONTENTS.-No. 61.
NOTES The Newly Discovered Quarto of 'Titus Andro-
nicus '141 Heriot, H2-FatherPaulSarpi, 144-Cbaucer s
Father "Lead "=Language Lincolnshire Saying
"Bunt " 145-Tsarskoe Selo : its Pronunciation "Tzar,
not "Czar "-Q in the ' H.B.D.'-Vice-Chamberlain Coke
"Tandem "Benjamin Gooch, 146.
OUERIES -.Permission Cap Lord De Tabley and ' X. & Q.'
Constables or Governors of Stirling Castle-Wilkes s
Parlour Cardinal Newman or Another? 147 Authors ot
Quotations Wanted Lord Mayors Straw - Plaiting
Burns's Letters to George Thomson Scottish Naval and
Military Academy Fishmongers' Company and the
German. Emperor-The Essay-P. d'Urte's 'Genesis m
Baskish, 148 Irish Potato Kings Mair and Burnet
Families Autiiiuity of Japan, 149.
REPLIES :-" Lamb" in Place-names, 149 -Split Infinitive,
150 Bibliographical Notes on Dickens and Thackeray-
Patents of Precedence, 151 "Tourmaline" " Wassail
Goldsmith's ' Edwin and Angelina' Con- Contraction,
152-Conditions of Sale-Copying Press Flaying Alive
Edmond and Edward Motor Index Marks Antiquary .
Antiquarian, 153 Font Consecration Bankrupts in 1708-9
Hour of Sunset at Washington Travels in China-
Hamlet Watting Heraldic "Hand," 154 Bacon or
Usher? Besant Bringing in the Yule "Clog," 155
"Cut the loss" H in Cockney Prescriptions "The
Nakel Boy and Coffin," 155 Joseph Wilfred Parkins-
Kant's Descent- John Hcton, 157 " Carentinilla," 158.
NOTES ON BOOKS : Tilley'a 'Literature of the French
Renaissance ' ' Early Scottish Charters 'Butler's ' Hudi-
bras ' ' Popular Ballads of the Olden Time 'Coleridge's
Table Talk and Omuiana ' ' The Edinburgh.'
Notices to Correspondents.
THE NEWLY DISCOVERED QUARTO (1594)
OF 'TITUS ANDRON1CUS.'
THE following notes, I may say by way of
preface, have the approval of Dr. Richard
Garnett, to whose high authority I submitted
them before sending them to 'X. & Q.' At
the time when he wrote on the subject in the
* Illustrated History of English Literature,'
he was inclined to limit Shakespeare's inter-
ference with the play to the fifth act, but he
Eermits me to say that the passages adduced
y me make it probable, in his judgment,
that traces of Shakespeare's hand may be
found in other parts of the play as well.
I daresay that many of the parallels which
I quote have been already pointed out ; but I
have found them independently, and adduce
them now with a special intention. And it
will be noted that I quote almost entirely
from plays attributed, with great probability,
to dates approximating to 1594, when a
certain set of thoughts, turns of phrase, &c.,
might be in Shakespeare's mind, and ready
to appear in work he was engaged upon
about that date. For my drift is this. If
these passages are not in the newly found
quarto, then Shakespeare's part in ' Titus
Andronicus' took place between 1594 and
1598, the date of the well-known attribution
of the play to Shakespeare by Meres in
Palladis Tamia.' And if they are, the
inference is that Shakespeare had something
to do with the play in or before 1594. As
Shakespearian students will anticipate, his
name does not appear on this quarto. Of this
Messrs. Sotheran, out of whose hands it has
already passed, are able to assure me. I may
add that they will transmit these notes of
mine to the purchaser of the quarto, a careful
inspection of which is much to be desired in
the interest of scholars. This will be admitted
by all who think with me that the places in
the play which I here cite are almost beyond
question Shakespeare's. In the conjectural
dates of first writing or production of other
plays I follow Prof. Dowden.
(a) 'Tit. And.,' II. i. 82 <?. :
She is a woman, therefore may be woo'd ;
She is a woman, therefore may be won ;
She is Lavinia, therefore must be lov'd.
'1 Henry VI.,' V. iii. 77-8 (conj. date
1590-1):
She's beautiful, and therefore to be woo
She is a woman, therefore to be won.
That both these passages are Shakespeare's
is probable from their resemblance to lines
in Sonnet xli., of course Shakespeare's
beyond question :
Gentle thou art, and therefore to be won ;
Beauteous thou art, therefore to be assailed.
(6) 'T. A.,' III. ii. ad in. :
Marcus, uuknit that sorrow-\vreathen knot-
' Taming of the Shrew,' Y. ii. 136 :
Fie, fie ! uuknit that threatening unkind brow.
There is a difficulty which I cannot solve
! connected with this passage of the ' Taming,
| surely Shakespearian, if any part of the
'Taming' is so. The Cambridge editors do not
reprint the quarto of 1594, the old 'Taming/
on the ground that Shakespeare had nothing
whatever to do with it. Yet they record
various readings from this same quarto in
this speech of Katharine's ; and for anything:
they tell us it may be substantially the same
as the text of the folios here. If so, it is
probable that Shakespeare had something to
do with the 1594 Quarto of the 'Taming';
and I am much inclined to Craik's opinion
that the 'Love's Labour's Won,' mentioned
by Meres in 1598, is Shakespeare's 'Taming
of the Shrew ' under an alias. The coincidence
in date between the newly found 'Titus
Andronicus' and this early quarto seems to
me to be of significance.
(c) 'T. A.,' III. ii. ad Jin.:
Titus. Come, take away. Lavinia, come with me
I'll to thy closet ; and go read with thee
Sad stories, chanced in the times of old.
142
NOTES AND QUERIES, do* s. in. FEB. 25, i%5.
' Richard II.,' V. i. 40, possible date of com-
position 1594 (appeared in quarto 1597) :
In winter's tedious nights sit by the fire
With good old folks, and let them tell thee tales
Of woeful ages long ago betid.
Cf. ib. III. ". 155 sq.
It is noteworthy that this scene of Act III.
of 'Titus Andronicus' is not found in any of
the quartos accessible hitherto ; its presence
or absence in the newly found quarto will be
of significance.
(d) ' T. A.,' IV. ii. 122 :-
He is your brother, lords, sensibly fed
Of that self-Wood that first gave life to you,
And from that womb where you imprison d were
He is enfranchised and come to light.
4 Richard II.,' I. ii. 22 :
Ah, Gaunt, his blood was thine ! that bed, that
womb,
That metal, that self-mould that fashion d thee,
Made him a man.
(e) 'T. A.,'V. iii. 73:
Lest Rome herself be bane unto herself,
And she whom mighty nations curtsy to
Do shameful execution on herself.
Richard II.,' II. i. 69 :
That England, that was wont to conquer others,
Hath made a shameful conquest of itself.
(/) There is a peculiarly Shakespearian
manner which has not been sufficiently noted
by Shakespeare students, and this neglect
has led even Theobald to make a wrong con-
jecture. In 'Macbeth,' I. ii. 56, the folios
punctuate
Point against point, rebellious Arme 'gainst arm.
Theobald, however, places the comma after
" rebellious " :
Point against point rebellious, arm, c.
But now compare :
41) Turn face to face, and Woody point to point.
' K. John,' II. i. 390.
(2) Harry to Harry shall, hot horse to horse,
Meet, &c. '1 Henry IV.,' IV. i. 121.
(3) That face to face, and royal eye to eye,
You have congreeted. 'Henry V.,' V. ii. 30.
(4) Lastly, and significant as nearest in
date of production to 1594 (if not in that
same year) :
face to face
And frowning brow to brow.
'Richard II,' I. i. 18.
Now (5) for the same arrangement and
place of adjective compare 'T. A.,' V. iii.
156:
Tear for tear, and loving kiss for kisa.
(rj) There is a parallelism which I rather
mention than press. ' T. A.,' III. i. 233-4 :
Then give me leave, for losers will have leave
To ease their stomachs with their bitter tongues.
'2 Henry VI, 'III. i. 182:
But I can give the loser leave to chide.
In the quartos of the 'First Part of the
Contention' we have "leave to speake." It
may, of course, be objected that, both plays-
being in dispute, a correspondence between
them is not of much significance, and, besides,
that the expression is proverbial and general
property. Yet the absence of this passage
from the newly found quarto might be signi-
ficant.
(h) The following doubt, which inspection
would solve, does not very directly concern
the Shakespearian question, but is in itself
interesting. Act V. sc. ii. of 'T.A.' seems
to me to bear indications of alternative
treatments of the scene mixed together. The
stage directions " Titus exit above : ' or "from
above" and "Enter Titus below" are con-
jectural, being omitted in quartos and folios.
In 11. 45 and 59 Titus (above) says :
Lo, by thy side where Rape and Murder stands,
and
So thou destroy Rapine and Murder there.
And then :
Tamora. These are my ministers and come with
me.
Tit. Are these thy ministers ? What are they
called ?
Tamora. Rapine and Murder: therefore called so
'Cause they take vengeance of such kind of men.
Tit. Gopd Lord, how like the empress' sous they
are,
And you the empress !
Later, Titus (below) says :
Welcome, dre^d Fury, to my woeful house :
Rapine and Murder, you are welcome too :
How like the empress and her sons you are !
I am aware that these repetitions, &c. t
are capable of another explanation, and
perhaps the taking up of the name Rapine
and Murder by Tamora after Titus may be
part of the " closing " with him of which she
speaks, 1. 70 (I here conjectured "glosing,"'
but I think this in any case unnecessary).
I only mention this scene as one which it
might be worth while to scrutinize as it
stands in the newly found quarto, keeping
this suggestion of alternative trea-tment in
view. D. C. TOVEY.
HERIOT.
(See 9"' S. x. 328, 333, 433, 497 ; xi. 75, 173.)
IN Scotland a herezeld or heriot was a
casualty exigible on the death of a tenant.
It was payable to the landlord by the heirs
of a deceased tenant, and could be exacted
only in baronies where the custom was
established by early practice. It is doubtful
III. FEB. 25, 1905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
whether or not herezeld still exists ; some
authorities hold that it is entirely obsolete
Even in the eighteenth century it was seldom
exacted, and then only in some districts o
the Highlands and in some of the southern
counties. A herezeld was
" the best audit ox, kow, or uther beast, quhilk
ane husbandman possessour of the audit pairt o
ane dauach of land (foure oxen gang) dwelland ane
deceasand theirupon lies in his possession the time
of his decease, quhilk audit and suld be given tones
landislord or maister of the said land."
In Green's 'Encyclopaedia of Scots Law
(1897, vol. vi. p. 180) this is said to mean
" the best movable, or, more properly, the
best thing capable of moving e.g., ox, cow,
horse, <fcc. of which the tenant died possessed.'
According to Craig, 'Jus Feudale,' third
edition (1732), the herezeld was originally a
testamentary bequest by the tenant as a
mark of gratitude ; but it was claimed after
wards as a right. It was due only when the
tenant was residing and died on the estate,
and it was not due when he had been warned
to remove, and a decree of removing had
been obtained against him. It could not be
exacted from feuars, but from tenants only
(see Hunter on 'Landlord and Tenant,' 1876,
vol. ii. p. 302). In an action decided in 1763
it was observed that
"a herezeld is not a casualty incident to a feudal
holding ; it was originally due only in the case of a
tenant at will dying in possession of a farm, and by
acceptation of it the master is bound to continue
the widow and children of the tenant deceased in
possession of the farm for another year, on the
same terms."
Stair (' Institutions,' ii. 3, 80) says that
herezelds were
"introduced by custom from the Germans, as
the word of their language expressing the same
evidenceth ; which signifieth the gratuity left by
the labourers of the ground to their master, and
which is now due by custom, whether left or not ;
and therefore rather from custom than from the
nature of the fee. And we have neither rule nor
exam pie for paying it by any but by the labourers of
the ground, so that, though it be not expressed, it
is not reserved to the superior, but belongs to the
vassal, as iSkene, race 'Herezeld' ('De Verborum
Signiricatione,' subjoined to his edition of 'Acta
Parl.,' 1597), observeth ; but whereas he seemeth
to make a herezeld only due by tenants possessing
four oxengang of land to their masters going to the
war, such poor tenants possessing only four oxgate
of land or less, not being able, by reason of poverty,
to go in person with him ; yet the constant custom
layeth herezelds most upon tenants possessing more
lands, and generally upon all who are not cottars
(not paying immediately to the master, but to his
tenant dwelling upon the ground), and there is no
difference whether he be a master or a farmer, and
it is only due at the tenant's death."
Jamieson (' Scottish Dictionary ') defines
heriot as " The fine exacted by a superior
on the death of his tenant (Galloway)." H&
says the word is radically different from the
old Scottish term " herreyelde," which was.
used in the same sense. He derives heriot
from A.-S. heregeat.
" It primarily signified the tribute given to the
lord of a manor for his better preparation for war ;.
but came at length to denote the best audit or
beast of whatever kind which a tenant died
possessed of, due to his superior after death. It is
therefore the same with the English forensic term
Heriot."
There is confusion here between the terms
" superior " and " landlord."
Jamieson, following Skene, derives here-
zeld from Belg. here, heer, a lord or master,
and yeild, a gift, tribute, or taxation ; but
he holds that it was extended in Scotland
to the imposition of landholders on their
tenants. He adds, "The duty or gressoume
(yrassum) payable, according to the tenor of"
many modern leases, by every new successor
to the lease, seems to be a relic of this custom."
He calls it inhuman to tax a man's property
"because of his paying the common tribute
to nature," or taxing his heirs at the very time
when a family had met with a severe loss.
He quotes Sir David Lyndsay (' Satyre of the-
Thrie Estaitis ') as follows :
We had ane meir, that caryit salt and coill,
And everie ilk yeir, scho brocht us liame ane foill,.
Wee had thrie ky, that was baith fat and fair,
Nane tydier into the toun of Air.
My father was sa waik of blude, and bane,
That he deit, quhairfoir my mother maid gret
maine ;
Then scho deit, within ane day or two ;
And thair began my povertie and wo.
Our gude gray mair was baittand on the feild,.
And our land's laird tuik her, for his hyreild,.
The vickar tuik the best cow be the heid,
Incontinent, quhen my father was deid.
See Dr. David Laing's edition of Lyndsay V
' Poems,' Edinburgh, 1879, vol. ii. p. 102.
The 'New English Dictionary' defines
lereyeld, herield, hyrald, hyreild, herrezeld,
lerezeld, as :
"The render to the superior of the best living
animal of a deceased vassal : at an early date
commuted for a fixed money payment, and now
practically obsolete. The same word as O.E.
Jeregeld, used in Scotland in sense of Heriot."
This definition is incorrect, for, as I have
shown, heriot or hereyeld was rendered not by
;he heir of a vassal to his superior, but by
he heir of a tenant to his landlord.
J. A.
Edinburgh.
144
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io* s. m. FEB. 25, iocs.
.FATHER PAUL SARPI IN EARLY
ENGLISH LITERATURE.
(See ante, pp. 44, 84.)
IN 'The Epistle to my dear Lucilius,'
before his 'Historical Memoires on the
Reigns of Queen Elizabeth and King James,'
1658, Francis Osborn remarks :
"And he that desires a more exemplary mani-
festation of this infallible (though for ought I ever
observed, seldome practised) Truth, may tinde it in
that learned Italian's ' History of the Council of
Trent' ; a Piece that challenges all the veneration
our partial Modern Readers do or can offer at the
Shrines of Antiquity."
*Qregorio Letti, in his 'II Nipotismo di
Roma : or, The History of the Popes
Nephews,' thus writes (I quote from the
English translation of 1G73, p. 133) :
"In the interim, -it ds worth the Readers curiosity
to be inform'd of an accident that befell Padre
Pallavicino, the Popes Confessor, a Jesuite, in hopes
of obtaining a Cardinals .Cap, which at last he got,
had undertaken to write the 'Story of theCouncelof
Trent ; which indeed may justly be call'd his, for the
greatest part of it is not History and Relation, but
an abundance of words, by which he endeavours to
.prove, that the History of Fra. Paulo, upon the
same subject, was and is false ; but he stumbles at
every step he goes, and is so ill furnish'dwith Argu-
ments, that for my part, I must confess, that I
never believ'd Fra. 'Pa,ulo's History to be real, sin-
cere and true, but since I read the Jesuites : And
he that will profit by them, let him read them both
with an equal disinteressment."
Walton's 'Life of Bishop Sanderson' ap-
peared in 1678 ; and the following passage,
taken from it, is simply delightful. 1 quote
from the edition of ' Walton's Lives,' 1858
(p. 410) :-
"At this happy time of enjoying his [Sander-
sons company and this discourse, he expressed a
sorrow by -saying to me, 'Oh that I had gone
Chaplain to that excellently accomplished gentle-
man, your friend, Sir Henry Wotton ! which was
once intended, when he first went Ambassador to
tile State of Venice : for by that employment I had
been forced into a necessity of conversing, not with
him only, but with several men of several nations ;
and might thereby have kept myself from my un-
manly bashfulness, which has proved very trouble-
some, and not less inconvenient to me; and which
,1 now fear is become so habitual as never to leave
me : and by that means 1 might also have known,
or at least have had the satisfaction of seeing, one
of the late miracles of general learning, prudence,
and modesty, Sir Henry Wotton's dear friend,
Padre Paulo, who, the author of his life says, was
born with a bashfulness as invincible as I have
found nay own to be : a man whose fame must never
die, till virtue and learning shall become so useless
as not to be regarded.'"
From " The Modest Critick, &c , By One
of the Society of Port-Royal," 1689, we have
the following references to Father Paul. The
.preface was evidently written by the trans-
lator, and he seems to have taken exception
to the strictures passed on the Father in the
body of the work. He goes on to say :
" It is not to be wondred, that one of the Romish
Church should so sharply censure the incomparable
Fra Paolo, whose Judgment and Learning carried
him beyond their Argument*, and whose Honesty
was above Calumny : But the History of the Council
of Trent is sufficient to maintain that Author's
Credit against all their Suggestions."
Here is the passage in the text referred to
in the foregoing extract (p. 125) :
"Fra Paolo, in his 'History of the Council of
Trent,' gives what Colours he pleases to what he
says : No body ever had that Art in a more eminent
degree. He shews also a great Capacity, in search-
ing to the bottom the Matters of Learning which
he has in hand, to give his Readers a perfect know-
ledge thereof : No body ever writ with more Skill,
nor with more Wit, and never with less Justice and
Truth. He is a passionate man, who employ'd all
his Art in hiding his Passion : He made a jest in
every thing, that he might not be thought to be
angry; but he falls into another D'efect : He raileth
too much, in a Subject so serious as his is ; for
his Passion is seen in every thing he speaks. So
that Historian, with his great Genius, has the most
Vicious Character that can be in the way of writing
History, where nothing is less pardonable than
Enmity. An Historian is no longer believ'd, when
once he is thought too passionate ; which gives
occasion of examining the Honesty which is neces-
sary for him that pretends to write."
I have tried, but in vain, to find out the
name of the author of this truly excellent
little book : ib extends to only 151 pages,
small octavo, excluding "The Preface" and
address "To the Reader." Anthony Arnauld
and Pierre Nicole, both members of the Port-
Royal Society, were alive for several years
after its publication, and from some acquaint-
ance with the ' Moral Essays ' I should not
be astonished if it were yet discovered that
the last named was in reality the author. I
do not forget that De Tillemont was also a
member of the Society : he died on 10 Jan.,
1698. At the same time, we must not forget
Addison's remark in The Spectator (No. 562) ;
"The Gentlemen of Port Royal, who were more
eminent for their learning and humility than any
other in France, banished the way of speaking in
the first person out of all their works, as arising
from vain-glory and self-conceit. To show their
particular aversion to it, they branded this form of
writing with the name of an egotism ; a figure not
to be found among the ancient rhetoricians."
It is well known that Pierre Nicole edited
' Les Provinciales, ou Lettres Ecrites par
Louis de Montalte,' published at Amsterdam
in 1735, under the pen-name of " Guillaume
Wend rock." In the copy before me there is
a beautiful portrait of that distinguished and
lovable man, with this inscription, "Pierre
Nicole Connu Sous Le Nom de Guillaume
10". s. in. FEB. as, 1905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
145
Wend rock," which I very much appreciate.
A second edition of ' The Modest Critick '
appeared in 1691, but I have never seen it.
In the Rev. Richard Ward's ' Life of the
Learned and Pious Dr. Henry More,' 1710,
Father Paul is mentioned in two passages
(pp. 60, 120) :
" And I am reminded here of what the Venetians
us'd to say of Father Paul's Cell, when they shew'd
it unto Strangers ; viz. ' This was the Paradise in
which a good Angel dwelt.' "
"And as it is Noted in the Life of that Great
Light and Ornament of Venice, Father Paul, that
in speaking of Persons, when there was any thing
to be taken notice of that was amiss, he would
insert usually some thing or other that might take
off from a Fault's too much appearing in its worst
dress."
Before closing this note I should like to
say a word on the portrait engraved by
Lombart for the ! Life of Father Paul,' 1651.
The same portrait has been engraved by
Sturt as a frontispiece to 'The Letters of the
Renowned Father Paul,' 1693- Again, it
appears in the first volume of Courayer's
* Histoire Du Concile De Trente,' published
at Amsterdam in 1751. "F. Lucas" is given
as the name of the engraver. That the last
two were copied from Lombart's portrait I
have not the slightest doubt. Let me say at
once I do not believe for a moment that it is
a real likeness of Father Paul at all. A
more disappointing portrait of an illustrious
man, and one so contrary to what is known of
his personal appearance, was never called into
existence the nose, for example, to borrow the
words of Shelley, " once seen never to be for-
gotten, and which requires the utmost stretch
of Christian charity to forgive"; while
the whole expression of the face has some-
thing of the look of a superannuated village
schoolmaster. In contrast, what a pleasure
it is to turn to Pine's beautiful little portrait,
1721 ! It is given as a frontispiece to 'The
Rights of Sovereigns and Subjects,' by Father
Paul, 1722. The expressive eye, finely arched
and well-set nose, and the noble forehead,
with its deep central indent, are all sugges-
tive of the profound thinker and student of
human nature. It carries with it its own
certificate of character. Then there is a por-
trait, understood to be both contemporary and
authentic, given by Dr. Alexander Robertson
of Venice, in his ' Life of Fra Paolo Sarpi.' ]
may say that this is an exceedingly read-
able and intensely sympathetic biography
and gives a very good popular account oi
Father Paul. A. S.
See also the General Indexes to the Seconc
and Fifth Series, and an admirable article in
The Quarterly for April, 1893. U. D.
CHAUCER'S FATHER. Lately, in looking
trough a file of Chancery Warrants, my son
found a writ, 10 May, 36 Edw. III. (1362),
;o the Sheriffs of London, to summon before
;he King's Council, at Westminster, Adam
de Bury, John Chaucer, William Heroun, and
Richard Lyons, " wherever they may be in
the City," on the morrow, in good time, on
pain of forfeiture. Nothing else seems ta
lave been discovered bearing on this matter,
[t occurred immediately after the termination
of " the second Great Plague." Possibly the
King wished to raise some money ; if so,
the Subsidy Rolls may throw some light on
the subject. R. E. G. KIRK.
" LEAD "^LANGUAGE. A student in the
University here recently cited, in a class
exercise, a Forfarshire word, lead, as mean-
ing language. The reference was made
in regard to the Anglo-Saxon word loeden
(language), of which he believed the modern
word to be a derivative. The form was new
to myself, although I may claim to have a
substantial acquaintance with the Scottish
dialect. The student supported his inter-
pretation of the word by a quotation from
a local writer of verse. This quotation was,
as follows :
Your crack-jaw words o' half an elf,
That rummle like a witch's spell,
Are no' the lead o' ony tongue
That ever in a head was hung.
The survival seems to me an interesting
one, and I therefore bring it up in 'N. & Q.'
W. B.
St. Andrews.
LINCOLNSHIRE SAYING. "I see you come
from Bardney " is said to a person who has-
the habit of leaving doors open when he
could shut them. The meaning is not very
clear. Did the saying originate in connexion
with the monks of Bardney Abbey ?
In Brittany one is told, "II faut aller a
Paris pour apprendre a fermer les portes
derriere soi"('La Legende de la Mort,' pat?
A. Le Braz, 1892, p. 118, note).
CATHARINE MARY PEACOCK.
" BUNT." As a record of the fatal riotous
strike and sad event which happened at
St. Petersburg on Sunday, 22 January last,
it may perhaps be worth observing that the
Russian word for a riot or revolt, viz., bunf
(borrowed from German .5*mc?=union of-
tradesmen, perhaps with regard to the Swiss
Confederation against despotic rulers), is also
used to express a strike or cessation of work
in Russian. Hence the remark which the
Russian Ambassador at Washington is saio>
to have made that it was not a revolt, but
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io i " s. in. FEB. 23, 1905.
a strike, which had just taken place in the
capital might be called rather a quid pro quo.
TSARSKOE SELO : ITS PRONUNCIATION. In
a recent number of Punch (1 February, p. 74)
I notice some striking lines on the present
situation in Russia, among which occur the
following:
And kept unsullied that majestic halo
Circling the sacred Head at Tsarskoe Selo.
The name of this place is so much in every
mouth just now that it may not be amiss if
I point out that this pronunciation is wrong.
I find to my surprise that it is so in most
of the gazetteers (e.g., Lippincott, 1880,
Worcester, 1887, Smith, 1895), but there is
one honourable exception Ogilvie gives it
correctly, viz. as T&dr-sko-e 8elo. Tsarskoe,
which is three syllables, means Imperial.
Selo means a village with a church, and
Crimes, not with "halo," but with " below."
JAMES PLATT, Jun.
"TZAR," NOT " CZAR." When will our daily
papers cease to misspell the name of the
Ilussian self-ruler? Surely the correct and
phonetic transcription of the Russian name
(which^is derived from Csesar, like the Ger-
man Kaiser) is not its Magyar-Hungarian
spelling Czar, but, according to our own
pronunciation, Tzar in English, or Tsar in
French, or Zar in German and Italian.
X.
Q IN THE 'H.E.D.' The almost exhaustive
character of the great dictionary has perhapa
never been better shown than in this section.
I have gone very carefully through the
various aliases of "quinine" and the other
cinchona alkaloids, and have found only one
omission, that of quinodia, the alternative
form of quinodine. I have counted over fifty
words in this group under Q, and have pro-
bably missed several. It is somewhat strange
that the first quotation for quinetum should
be dated 1880, when this drug had already
become unimportant on account of the fall
in the price of quinine. It must have been
introduced four or five years before then.
There is no mention under quacksalver of
quacksalver' 1 s spurge or of quacksalver's turltith,
both of which are in Gerard as names of
different varieties of spurge. Neither of them
is in Lyte, which is curious if quacksalver is
of Dutch origin.
Quaking ash, a name for the aspen (see
Rennie's 'Conspectus of Pharmacopoeias,'
1837), does not appear under Q, but is
mentioned in Section A, under ash.
C. C. B.
VICE-CHAMBERLAIN COKE. At p. 203 of
' Duchess Sarah,' by Mrs. Colville, there is
a letter from the Duchess to Mrs. Coke dated
1 November, 1709, copied from H.M.C.,
Twelfth Report, Appendix, part iii. p. 83.
Mrs. Colville then adds, p. 204, " Mrs. Coke
was the first wife of Mr. Coke, who for so
many years, and under two reigns, held the
post of Vice-Chamberlain at the Court." The
lady to whom this letter was addressed was
the second, and not the first, wife of Mr.
Coke.
Vice-Chamberlain Coke's first wife, whom
he married in June, 1698, was Lady Mary
Stanhope (elder daughter of Philip, second
Earl of Chesterfield) ; but she died January,
1703/4, consequently, as the above-mentioned
letter was .dated November, 1709, it must
have been written to Mr. Coke's second wife,
to whom he had been united in October,
1709. This lady was Mary, daughter of
William Hale, Esq., of King's Walden, Herts,
a maid of honour to Queen Anne. She died
January, 1723/4, leaving one son and one
daughter, becoming through the latter great-
grandmother of the second Viscount Mel-
bourne, Prime Minister, and to that noble-
man's sister, who married as her second
husband another Prime Minister, viz , the
last Viscount Palmeraton.
It may not be uninteresting to record that
the Vice-Chamberlain's second wife was a
distant connexion of the Maryborough family.
As Mrs. Col ville's book is of great historical
interest, I may be pardoned for correcting
the above-mentioned clerical error.
FRANCIS H. RELTON.
9, Broughten Road, Thornton Heath.
"TANDEM." (See 9^ S. x. 308, 455 ; xi. 256,
353.) As instances of the use of tandem in
the meaning of a carriage appear to be rare,
the following example is worth recording.
Under date London, 11 August, 1807, Byron
wrote :
"On Sunday next I set off for the Highlands.
A friend of mine accompanies me in my carriage
to Edinburgh. There we shall leave it, and proceed
in & tandem (a species of open carriage) th[r]ough
the western passes to Inverary, where we shall
purchase shelties, to enable ue to view places in-
accessible to vehicular conveyancts." 'Letters and
Journals,' 1898, i. 143.
ALBERT MATTHEWS.
Boston, U.S.
BENJAMIN GOOCH. When writing on this
able surgeon for the ' Diet. Nat. Biog.,' I
failed to recover the date of his death. He
is perhaps identical with Benjamin Gooch,
of Halesworth, in Suffolk, surgeon, who died
between 20 November, 1775, and 20 March,
io* s. m. FEB. 23, iocs.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
147
1776, the dates respectively of the making
and proving his will (registered in the Pre-
rogative Court of Canterbury, 123, Bellas).
He possessed property at Framlinghara, Suf-
folk. By his wife Elizabeth he had an only
daughter, also Elizabeth, who was married
to John D'Urban, M.D., of Halesworth. A
search through Davy's 'Suffolk Collections,'
s. >;'. 'Halesworth' and 'Framlingharn,' has
revealed nothing. GORDON GOODWIN.
WE must request correspondents desiring in-
formation on family matters of only private interest
to affix their names and addresses to their queries,
in order that the answers may be sent to them
direct.
PERMISSION CAP. The London Gazette,
No. 2031 of 1685, has:
" His Majesty's High Commissioner attended
with Four Knights on Foot And in his return
to the Palace having the High Constable on his
right hand, and the Great Marshall on his left,
with Permission Caps and in their Robes."
In No. 2564 of the same (1090) we find :
" A Guenea Xegro Boy in a black cloth suet,
and on his head a black Cloth Permission Cap
strayed away on the 3d instant."
There are other entries similar to the first
of these, to which also may perhaps be com-
pared "Here's three permission bonnets for
ye," in Allan Ramsay's 'Three Bonnets,'
1722. I shall be glad of information as to
the meaning of " permission cap."
J. A. H. MURRAY.
LORD DE TABLEY AND ' N. & Q.' Mr.
Hugh Walker, in his extremely interesting
biographical sketch of this versatile writer,
has the following at p. 37 of this all too brief
monograph :
" He [Lord De Tabley] wrote frequently to JVbte*
and Queries, especially in 1879, during the first half
of which he contributed no fewer than fifty-one
articles under various signatures."
Will some one who knows these various
signatures kindly furnish me with the
references thereto ? Mr. Tinsley Pratt, in
his ' Bibliography of De Tabley ' (Manchester
Quarterly/, April, 1900), makes no allusion
to these ''fifty-one articles."
Again, did De Tabley's contributions con-
tinue until his death in 1895 ] If so, refer-
ences also, please. J. B. McGovERN.
St. Stephen's Rectory, C.-on-M., Manchester.
[Mr. Walker is correct in his statement that Lord
De Tabley contributed fifty-one articles to ' N. & Q.'
in the first half of 1879. Two were signed with his
name, and will be found in the Index to 5 th S. xi.
under ' Warren, J. L.' ; twenty-two were signed
Zero, and twenty-seven A, being duly indexed
under these signatures. In 5"' S. xii. one article bore
his name, eleven were signed Zero, and eighteen A.
This information will enable Lord De Tabley's
earlier and later communications to be traced.]
CONSTABLES OR GOVERNORS OF STIRLING
CASTLE. In these days of the inferior
parliamentary, ministerial, and plutocratic
" nobility," one turns to the ancient military
and feudal aristocracy to find the real
genuine noblesse. Old Scotland, for example,
was divided into four military districts, the
chief command being at Stirling Castle. The
commanders (Constables or Governors) were
chosen from the most reliable military
officers of the aristocracy. I desire to have
the ancestry, arms, and posterity of these,
commencing with those of Stirling Castle,
for consolidation in book form as basis for
aristocratic organization. My ancestor, Eoberb
de Forsyth, was Constable (or Governor) in
1368. He was son of Osbert, and descended
from Grimoard de Forsath, Vicomte de
Fronsac in 1030 Aquitaine, France, from
which country many of the old cavaliers of
Scotland were descended. The Ear^of Man-
was Governor temp. Charles I. Who were
the others 1 What are their arms, ancestry,
and posterity ? Please address direct.
FORSYTH, VICOMTE DE FRONSAC.
Ottawa, Canada.
WILKES'S PARLOUR. Was Wilkes's Parlour
at Guildhall or the Mansion House? and why
was it so called 1 C. L. E. C.
Alton.
CARDINAL NEWMAN OR ANOTHER ? I have
lately read Rene Boylesve's ' L'Enfant a la
Balustrade,' which has been translated into
English, furnished with a title that has no
relation to that affixed by the original author,
and characterized by some critic, with an
undiscriminating literary palate, as " the
French 'Cranford.'" One of the heroines,
when a girl of fifteen, was taken by her
father, an an ti - clerical Deputy, to Rome,
where she met Lord "Wolesley," a charming
young man, who had " des cheveux d'enfant,
des dents deferame, et des yeux de la couleur
de 1'eau qui clapote au foud d'une caverne
marine." He had also a profound admiration
of Newman, and offered to present the
maiden to his Eminence, who was at that
time in Rome :
"Elle eu 1'honneur d'approcher Newman dans les
jardins du Pincio. II se garda de toute parole
mondaine, et comme il avait paru connaitre le nom
du depute de Paris, il lui dit, non sans amenitS,
mais sans faiblesse, qu'il venerait, quant ;\ lui, dans
les persecuteurs de TEglise les artisans iuconscients
d'une ceuvre sacree : 'Qui sait, dit-il, si Ntiron,
143
NOTES AND QUERIES. [10* s. m. FEB. 25, 1905.
dont 1'horrible regne donna tant d'elan a la vertu
chretienne, u 1'teil de Dieu ne vaut pas 1'aputre
Pierre ? II est necessaire de contempler unelongue
suite de siecles pour 1 'intelligence complete des
grandes verites,' " &c. P. 81.
Will somebody tell me whether Newman
ever really spoke or wrote words to this
effect, and give, if possible, an exact quota-
tion of them ? ST. SWITHIN.
AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED. Can
readers of ' N. & Q.' kindly help me to
trace any of the following, which may or
may not be correctly cited ? I have met
them in reading and forgotten where, or
have not yet been able to find their source :
1. L'amour est 1'histoire de la vie des femmes,
c'est un episode dans celle des hommes.
I know the English form of the idea in
Byron's ' Don Juan,' canto i. st. 194, but have
no notion of the French author.
2. Leura Merits sont des vols qu'ils nous ont faits
d'avance.
I understand this is Piron's, but where ?
3. Mon verre est petit [n'est pas grand], mais je
bois dans mon verre.
4. Voltaire, quel que soil le nom dpnt on le nomme,
C'est un siecle vi\ r ant, c'est un siecle fait homme.
A reference to Lamartine's ' Meditations
Poetiques : xviii. Ressouvenir du Lac Leman,'
appears to be incorrect, or else I have not
consulted the right edition.
5. Un jour de fete,
Un jour de deuil,
La vie est faite
En un clin d'oeil.
Mery, but where 1
6. Les grandes douleurs sont muettes.
Vauvenargues ? and where 1
7. Thanks are lost by promises delayed.
Is not this from Pope 1
8. Swayed by every wind that blows (or some-
thing like it).
9. Is there not a quotation to the effect
that if one does a kindness a number of times
to another, and refuses to do it the last time,
only the refusal is remembered ? It may be
English or French. EDWARD LATHAM.
LORD MAYORS. Who was Lord Mayor ol
London in 1821 1 Is there any book which
contains the names and history of the Lord
Mayors of London from 1830 to 1840 ?
C. L. E. C.
Alton.
[John T. Thorpe was Lord Mayor in 1820-1, and
Christopher Magnay in 1821-2. ' Haydn's Diet. oJ
Dates' gives a list of Lord Mayors, s.v. ' Mayors of
Corporations.']
STRAW-PLAITING. Will some reader kindly
give me early references to the practice of
this industry in England? I desire to
ascertain when the plaiting of straw for use in
the manufacture of hats or bonnets became
a recognized industry. The earliest date of
which I have note is in James I., but doubtless
there are earlier references.
I. CHALKLEY GOULD.
BCJRNS'S LETTERS TO GEORGE THOMSON.
In Willis's Current Notes, November, 1852,
p. 96, I note that
the very interesting series of letters which Burns
addressed to the late Geo. Thomson were sold by
Mr. Nisbet at the close of the sale just completed
of the library of the late Mr. C. 13. Tait. The
volume was put up at 200 guineas, and after keen
competition, was knocked down at 260. The pur-
chaser is an English nobleman, whose name has not
yet transpired ; but we are able to communicate to
our readers that there is every probability that
the volume will remain in Scotland."
I shall be glad to learn of its present where-
abouts. 1 fancy most readers of ' N. & Q/
are conversant with Mr. J. Cuthbert Hadden's-
book on George Thomson which appeared a
few years ago.
HOBERT MURDOCH LAWRANCE.
71, Bon-Accord Street, Aberdeen.
SCOTTISH NAVAL AND MILITARY ACADEMY.
Could any reader refer me to an account
or history of the above Academy, which I
believe was founded in Edinburgh in the
year 1836, but which no longer exists? I
have heard that in the Crimean War alone
a hundred of its pupils fought, of whom
ten died on the field.
CHARLES E. HEWITT.
FISHMONGERS' COMPANY AND THE GERMAN
EMPEROR. I should be glad to be informed
of the date of the account in The Times of
the presentation by the Fishmongers' Com-
pany of a jewelled casket to H.I.M. the
German Emperor (William II.) and its
approximate cost.
J. LAWRENCE-HAMILTON, M.E.C.S.
30, Sussex Square, Brighton.
THE ESSAY. Is there a separate history of
the essay, or some volume in which its history
is given at length ? D. M.
P. D'URTE'S 'GENESIS' is BASKISH,
D'Urte's translation of the book of Genesis
and part of Exodus in the " Anecdota Oxoni-
ensia" has been mentioned in 'N. & Q.'
(9 th S. v. 396, 442 ; viii. 378). Neither in the
Oxford edition nor in my criticism thereon
published in two numbers of The American
Journal of Philology (Baltimore, in Maryland,
1902) was it pointed out that in xliv. 5
the words cena eguiazqui emgutuco laitic
mean literally "the which (thing) he will
10* a.m. FEB. 25, loos.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
149
truly know/' Can it be ascertained from
what edition of Calvin's French, which he
follows generally very faithfully, or from
what other source, D'Urte may have taken
this interpretation of o<W('eTcu? The Trini-
tarian Bible Society of London means, I be-
lieve, to publish a third edition of 'Etorkia' ;
and in that, if I am allowed again to revise
the text, I propose to change the words, and
read cenaz asmatzen baitic? i.e., "whereby
indeed he divineth ?"
In the Chapel of Jesus College, in Oxford,
the window nearest to the entrance from the
ante- chapel, on the north side, was filled
with stained glass to commemorate the
editor of the said volume of "Anecdota," Mr.
Llewelyn Thomas, whom I met at Bayonne,
at St. Jean de Luz, and at Biarritz, when he
was chaplain to the Anglican Church in the
last-named town in the summer of 1892.
This page of ' X. & Q.' may possibly outlast
that window ; so let it bear a copy of the
inscription which runs at the foot thereof :
AD MAJOREM DEI GLORIAM ET IN MEM :
LEOLINI THOMAS, A.M. HUJU3 COLLEGII SOCII,
QUI IN CHRISTO OBDORMIVIT DIE XII MENS :
MAII A.S. MDCCCXCVII .
Has the epitaph of another distinguished
British Bascophile, Sir Thomas Browne of
Norwich, been published ? Where does it
exist] E. S. DODGSON.
IRISH POTATO KINGS. Is any reader able
to give me any information as to the antiquity
or historical uses of the Irish potato ring ?
H. W. D.
MAIR AND BURNET FAMILIES. According
to the grant of arms on record in the Heralds'
College, made 7 November, 1774, to Arthur
Mair, Esq., of the parish of St. Martin's-in-
the-Fields, his father, the Rev. William Mair,
minister of Kincardine O'Neil, in Aberdeen-
shire, married " Katherine, daughter of the
deceased Robert Burnet (formerly minister
in Aberdeenshire, related to the family of
Leys, of which family was Bishop Burnet)."
I shall be grateful for any information as to
the parentage of this Robert Burnet and his
connexion with the Burnets of Leys. Was
this Arthur Mair one of the founders of the
firm of Cox & Mair, army agents ?
JOHN COMBER.
High Steep, Jarvis Brook. Sussex.
ANTIQUITY OF JAPAN. I recently read that
the present Emperor of Japan claims that his
dynasty has occupied the throne "from time
immemorial," but have not the reference at
hand. The Daily Chronicle, of 11 February,
in its ' Office Window ' column, states that
11 February "is the anniversary of the coro-
nation of the first emperor, who ascended
the throne at a place called Kashiwara, near
the modern town of Nara, some five-and-
twenty centuries ago." Now how far is this
claim to antiquity borne out by historical
evidence ? And what are the earliest records
of Japan ] Long as the boast of 2,500 years
is, it pales before that of Menelik, the present
Emperor of "Ethiopia" or Abyssinia, who
claims to be lineally descended from King
Solomon and the Queen of Sheba.
FREDK. A. EDWARDS.
56, Eyot Gardens, Hammersmith.
"LAMB" IN PLACE-NAMES.
(10 th S. iii. 109.)
THE index to Kemble's 'Charters' contains
A.-S. Lamb-burne, i.e., Lamb-bourn ; Lamla-
hcim, i.e., " lambs' home," unless it is an error
for Lamba-ham, i e., "lambs' enclosure,"
which is far more likely ; Lambe-hith, i.e.,
"lambs' hithe or landing-place," familiarly
known as Lambeth ; and Lamb-hyrst, i.e.,
Lamb-hurst, said to be in Hampshire.
From a philological point of view, the sb.
lamb is of considerable interest, as it is one
of the few words which, like child, made the
plural in -ru, Mod. E. -er. Hence Laniber-
hurst, in Sussex, is simply " lambs' hurst '' ;
not from the singular, but from the plural.
Like the Latin corpus (pi. corp-ora\ it was
once a " neuter in -os."
WALTER W. SKEAT.
In Stephen Whatley's 'England's Gazetteer,'
Lond., 1751, vol. i., will be found the three
following "Lambs," which I think are worth
transcribing :
" Lambcote, or Lorncote (Nott.), near the Trent,
S.W. of Bingham, was sold by Geo. Pilkington in
the reign of Queen Elizabeth to John Rosell, whose
posterity had it lately, if they have it not still.
" Lambcole (Warw.) was originally a member of
Lower Eatendon, and belonged to Kenilworth
Abbey, but at the Dissolution was granted to Rich.
Andrews and Leonard Chamberlain, Esqrs., and the
heirs of the former. It came afcerwarda to George
Ld. Willoughby of Brook.
" Lamborne (Essex), 4 m. from Epping, between
Waltham Abbey and Rumford, belonged anciently
to the said Abbey. This manor is held by the
service of the ward-staff, viz., to carry a load of
straw, in a cart with 6 horses, 2 ropes and 2 men,
in harness, to watch the said ward-staff, when it is
brought to the neighbouring hamlet of Abridge.
There were certain lands in this parish formerly
called Minchin - Lands, which belonged to the
monastery at Stratford le Bow, and were granted
by K. Henry VIII. to Sir Ralph Sadler, who sold
them to Owen Low, Esq."
150
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. HI. FEB. 25, iocs.
A ward-staff, I find, is a constable's or
watchman's staff. Some further information
on the subject of this ancient "service of the
ward-staff" would be very acceptable. I
should also like to know something more
about " Minchin-Lands." WM. NoRMAK.
6, St. James's Place, Plumstead.
In the immediate vicinity of Jedburgh
there is a field which bears the name of
" Lamb Skin." It belonged, along with other
property, to the Ainslies, a family famous
in the history of Jedburgh. One of them
attained to some fame as a surveyor. John
Ainslie was born in Jedburgh on 22 April,
1745, and one of his first efforts as a draughts-
man, if not the earliest, was his 'Plan of
Jedburgh.' On this plan the field above
designated is marked very prominently. The
copies now extant are very scarce, but one is
to be found in the Bodleian Library, Oxford.
Unfortunately there is no date on the plan,
but as it was the first, and we know that
Ainslie surveyed Selkirkshire in 1772, it is
more than likely that the theory of Mr.
George Watson, who fixes the year as 1770
or 1771, is correct. To quote again from
Mr. Watson, who has devoted some research
to the work of this townsman, " On 1 January,
1782, Ainslie's 'Atlas of the World' was
published." It is interesting to note that
instead of the familiar term now in general
use, "as the crow flies" the earliest reference
to which phrase Dr. Murray, in his ' English
Dictionary,' gives in a quotation of date
1800 the term "distance thro' the air" was
employed." J. LINDSAY HILSON.
Public Library, Jedburgh.
There is a Lam with, or Lamwath, stream
in Holderness, East Yorkshire (see the index
to Poulson's ' History of Holderness ').
W. C. B.
There is a village and parish called
Lamberhurst in Kent, some five miles from
Tunbridge Wells. Other than those men-
tioned by the querist, the only place-names
which I have come across in which the name
appears are those of Lambrigg in Westmore-
land, Lambcote in Warwickshire, Lambcroft
in Lincolnshire, Lambourne in Essex, Lamb
ston in Pembrokeshire, Lambton in Durham,
Lambeth in Surrey, and Lamb Abbey (or
Lamorbey), near Bexley in Kent. The manor
of this last-mentioned place at one time
belonged to the Lamienbys. Lamerton in
Devonshire is sometimes called "Lamberton."
R. VAUGHAN GOWER.
Lambholm is an island in the Orkney
group. Lambrook is in Somerset, Lambston
^n Pembroke, Lambeg in Antrim, and Lamber-
nurst in Sussex. Then we have Lamba, an
!slet in the Yell Sound, and Lambe, an islet
in the Firth of Forth.
CIIAS. F. FORSHAW, LL.D.
Bradford.
The 'Post Office Guide'
near Glasgow.
jives Lambhill,
IARRY HEMS.
SPLIT INFINITIVE (10 th S. ii. 406 ; iii. 17, 51,
35). The statesmanlike note of PROF. SKEAT,
if I may be allowed to use the phrase, has set
this question on a proper basis. The dis-
ussion has, however, been useful, as it has
shown that the " split infinitive " is neither
ungrammatical nor illogical, and that its
employment is purely a matter of taste. It
maybe hoped that "those who have failed
in literature and art " will now allow its use
without mast - heading every writer whose
views or tastes differ from their own. The
great point is that the English language,
like the English Constitution, is a living
organism. A continual process of growth
is going on, and to say that Shakespeare or
Milton did not employ a certain locution is
no argument against its legitimate use at the
present day. Both Shakespeare and Milton
employed many forms which will not be
found in Chaucer or Gower, just as at the
present day we do not always follow the
constitutional methods which prevailed in
the time of Edward I. or Henry VIII. If
writers like Browning or Meredith have
thought that by "splitting the infinitive"
the expression of their ideas has gained in
precision, in emphasis, or in euphony, they
have been perfectly right in disregarding the
critics, and in following their own opinion.
W. F. PRIDEAUX.
We are given to understand by those to
whom the split infinitive is abhorrent that
its use is carefully eschewed by standard
English authors. It may, therefore, be of
interest to mention that Dr. Hall's paper in
The American Journal of Philology (1882,
pp. 17-24) is chiefly composed of a list of
examples of the idiom, with full references.
The authors quoted range from Wyclif to
W. H. Mallock and Leslie Stephen, and in-
clude such names as Lord Berhers, Tyndale,
Dr. John Donne, Sir Thomas Browne, Samuel
Pepys, Dr. Richard Bentley, Defoe, Edmund
Burke, Dr. Samuel Johnson, Robert Southey,
S. T. Coleridge, Charles Lamb, W. Words-
worth, Lord Macaulay, De Quincey, Herbert
Spencer, Charles Reade, Matthew Arnold,
Bishop Wilberforce, and John Ruskin. It
would, of course, take up too much space in
io* s. in. FEB. as. 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
151
' X. & Q.' to reproduce the quotations from
these selected writers, some of whom are, I
believe, considered to be masters of English,
though betraying no qualms when inserting
unattached adverbs within their infinitives.
Dr. Hall came to the conclusion that the
two writers who were especially addicted to
the use of the phrase were Madame D'Arblay
and Bishop Pecock, the latter furnishing such
an instance as this: "forto perfitli, sureli,
and sufficientli undirstonde Holi Scripture."
I hasten to observe that I am not penetrated
with admiration by this particular example,
for it reminds one feoo much of those sepa-
rable German verbs whose component parts
are apt to be sundered by a swamp of paren-
theses ; but it shows to what lengths an
enthusiast will go in this direction. One
may balance this with such half-hearted
Shakespearean usages as "to proceed and
justly and religiously unfold," and " to line
and new repair our towns " (' King Henry V.,'
I. ii. 10 ; 1 1. iv. 7). Besides these, there'may
be also added to Dr. Hall's list Byron's "to
slowly trace " (' Childe Harold,' II. xxv.).
If, therefore, there are some authors in whose
works the split infinitive in all its naked
shamelessness has escaped detection, it is
obvious that there nevertheless exists abun-
dant support for its use if the personal baste
of a writer inclines him to regard the idiom
with favour or indifference. But if he shares
MARO'S fierce hatred of the construction,
it will at least be judicious to so place the
adverb that there can be no doubt as to what
verb is qualified. J. DORMER.
Is not the question one of feeling rather
than one of rules ] Is anything to be gained
by using the split infinitive ? or is it a mere
unnecessary vulgarism ? It seems to me that
it may be used to increase the delicacy of our
expression in certain cases, and that its use
is therefore legitimate.
If we take a phrase like " I certainly think
he is wrong " (see Sweet's ' English Grammar '
on position of adverbs), and turn it into an
infinitive construction, we get three possible
forms, corresponding to the three possible
forms of the original.
1. I certainly think he is wrong.
Then you ought to certainly think I am
right.
2. Certainly I think he is wrong.
Then you ought certainly to think I am
right.
3. I think certainly he is wrong.
Then you ought to think certainly I am
right.
In No. 1 is not " I certainly think " equiva-
lent to " I consider," the adverb being blended
with the verb to form a new compound, viz.,
the verb " to certainly-think," and do we not
change the sense by writing "certainly to
think"? Would not this sufficiently justify
the use of the split infinitive in certain cases ?
"I hardly open my eyes " is equivalent to "I
half-open my eyes," and the infinitives would
express the same difference. Thus, " What a
pleasure it is to hardly open your eyes and
look through the waving boughs ! " is, I think,
preferable to " What a pleasure it is hardly to
open your eyes and/" &c. P. G. WILSON.
Amsterdam.
When MARO condemns such a phrase as.
"the custom is a bad one," he condemns
Addison. But Dr. Johnson says that this
mode of speech is not elegant, though it is
used by good authors. Dr. Johnson himself
is one of those who have used the split
infinitive. But, so far as I know, he has used
it only once. In the Bible I have met with
several instances of the adverb joined to the
infinitive, but with no instance of the split
infinitive. In ' Hamlet ' we find :
Rightly to be great
Is not to stir without gteat argument,
But greatly to find quarrel in a straw
When honour's at the stake.
And in ' Paradise Lost ' is the line :
Strongly to suffer and support our pains.
Ill the poetry of Gray there is no instance
of an adverb being joined to the infinitive^
with the exception of the negative "not ta
wound my heart" and "still to bring." la
the poetry of one or two other well-known
poets I looked in vain for such examples.
E. YARDLEY.
I Is to the sign of the dative in A.-S. ? I
thought in to write = ihe act of writing, to,
as in to-day, to-morrow, and V Archdeacon in
Northern dialect=/ie, the definite article,
not=Fr. a dire, Lat. ad dicendum. The verb
is usually qualified by words following, but
not always. T. WILSON.
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES ON DICKENS AND
THACKERAY (10 th S. iii. 22, 73, 131). The
title-page of the printed music score of ' The
Mountain Sylph ' is as follows :
"The Mountain Sylph, A Grand Opera in two
Acts, as performed at the New Theatre Royal
English Opera House. Written by T.J.Thacke-
ray, Esq*. Composed by John Barnett."
WILLIAM H. CUMMINGS.
PATENTS OF PRECEDENCE (10 th S. iii. 90).
Warrants of Precedence were issued certainly
as early as 1660. I can think of one on
record in Ulster's Office granted as early as
1669 to the daughters of Thomas, Viscount
152
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io* B. m. FEB. 25, 1905.
Thurles, eldest son of Walter, eleventh Earl
of Ormonde (see ' The Scots Peerage,' 8vo,
1904, vol. i. p. 53) ; and there are several
others.
I should say that such warrants in Scotland
would be on record in the Lyon Office, if they
were not destroyed by the fire there in the
reign of Charles II., or reference might be
made to the records of the Privy Seal in the
New .Register House, Edinburgh.
ARTHUR VICARS, Ulster.
" TOURMALINE " : ITS ETYMOLOGY (10 th S.
in. 66, 115). I should like to thank PROF.
&KEAT for referring me to his ' Concise Dic-
tionary.' I ought to have consulted it before
writing my note, but had only his larger
dictionary by me. It may interest him if I
add that I have now traced the erroneous
statement that tournamal is the true Cinga-
lese name for this stone as far back as 1775,
when it appeared in Dr. Priestley's treatise
'On Electricity' (vol. i. p. 368). Thence it
got into Chambers's ' Cyclopaedia,' 1786 edi-
tion, and into liees, 1819, and so through other
works of reference to the ' Imperial ' and
* Century ' dictionaries of the present day.
JAMES PLATT, Jun.
In his note on this subject MR. JAS. PLATT,
JUN. (whose communications I always read
with the liveliest interest), has, unwittingly,
reslain the slain. Just over ten years ago I
spent some time and trouble in investigating
the history of the word tourmaline, and the
result of my researches was printed in the
number for February, 1895, of the Monthly
Literary Register and Notes and Queries for
Ceylon. I there gave practically all the facts
that MR. PLATT has recorded in his note, and
a good deal besides. (Should MR. PLATT
desire to see my communication, I shall be
most happy to lend him the volume con-
taining it.) I sent a copy of the paper
referred to to PROF. SKEAT, drawing his
attention to the error in his ' Concise Etymo-
logical Dictionary ' (fourth ed., supplement);
and I am glad to see that in the latest edition
of that admirable little work the mistake has
been amended. That the word tourmaline is
a corruption of the Sinhalese toramalli seems
probable; but how it received a pseudo-
French termination I have not found. I
hope that MR. PLATT will continue his in-
vestigations into the history of the word in
European languages. DONALD FERGUSON.
20. Beech House Road, Croydon.
"WASSAIL" (10 th S. ii. 503; iii. 9, 112). I
do not accept MR. ADDY'S suggestions ; nor
do I suppose that others will do so. I take
his points one by one.
1. He says the M.E. form ought to have
been waissel / but it was not.
2. The form wossel is simply due to the
action on the a of the preceding iv, just as we
write wan, but pronounce it as if it rimed
with on. It therefore shows that the second
letter was short a, and not ai at all.
3. The argument that stone is steinn in
Icelandic has nothing to do with it, because
the o in stone is long ; and the o in wossel is
not so.
4. There is no reason why Layamon's wees
hail should be " popular etymology," for his
were not the days when popular etymologies
of ordinary substantives were being con-
stantly made up, as they were in Tudor times.
His story may be all false, and yet it may
represent an old tradition. Really, we must
consider chronology. It is true that popular
etymology has at all times misinterpreted
place-names and personal names ; but wassail
is not a personal name.
5. I account for the spelling wassail, also
for the form wossel; MR. ADDY can only
account for a spelling ivaissel, which I do
not find. It is for him to tell us where it
occurs. WALTER W. SKEAT.
GOLDSMITH'S 'EDAVIN AND ANGELINA' (10 th
S. iii. 49). Mitford, in his life of Goldsmith,
has written on this subject as follows :
"It has been alleged that this ballad is only a
translation of an ancient French poem, entitled
' Raimond et Angeline.' The discussion that took
place on the subject may be seen in The Monthly
Review for (September, 1797, and The European
Magazine for 1802. It appeared in a small obscure
volume called 'The Quiz' in 1767. That only one
of these poems can claim originality is clear ; but,
speaking with diffidence on a production in a
foreign language, I should pronounce the French,
in many of its parts, to have the air of a transla-
tion ; there is a coldness and flatness in some of the
lines ; and it is certainly very inferior in beauty
and spirit to the English. This at least is certain,
that no such poem, in its present dress, could have
appeared in an ancient French novel, for it is in
the language and style of Florian and the writers
of that day, a little altered and disguised."
I suppose that the date of 1767, given to
'The Quiz' by Mitford, is wrong, and that
MR. DOBELL'S date of 1797 is right. Other-
wise Mitford's reference to Florian is not
happy ; for Florian was born in 1755.
E. YARDLEY.
CON- CONTRACTION (10 Ul S. ii. 427 ; iii. 111).
One's first feeling on reading MR. WILLIAMS'^
note is annoyance that this sort of hanky-
panky should be played with the text of the
First Folio. But on second thoughts the whole
proceeding seems so extremely puerile that
annoyance becomes merged in amusement.
III. FEB. 23, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
153
Will ME. WILLIAMS explain his contention a
little more fully] Is it affirmed that as the
compositor set up the text the great Bacon
stood over him and slipped in his cryptic
sentence ? or is he supposed to have arranged
with the compositor to expand or contract
the lettering so that this phrase should
appear at the thirty-third line? The text,
I may say, shows no sign of this, so that I
think that question may be answered in the
negative.
Then, again, it is a little unfortunate that
the line happens to be the thirty-first, unless
the stage directions are counted, which is
unusual. It is also a little unfortunate that
ME. WILLIAMS'S answer by no means fits the
question. As I understand it, we are asked
if the C reversed, used as an abbreviation for
Con, might not have been known as "the
horn." MR. WILLIAMS'S answer is that " the
horn " in a passage in the First Folio stands
for C, which is another story altogether, and
can have no warrant whatever except in
the imagination of the writer. Even if
QUIRINUS'S question could be answered in
the affirmative, which has yet to be seen, it
would lend no support to MR. WILLIAMS'S
contention. HOLCOMBE INGLEBY.
fSedgeford Hall.
With all respect to MR. WILLIAMS, I beg
to point out that he takes for granted what
he is asked to prove, and adds a minus
quantity to our information on the point
raised by QUIRINUS. If any positive instance
of the sign in question being called " the
horn " can be found, I sincerely hope it will
be sent to Dr. Murraj', for incorporation in
the supplement to the ' New English Dic-
tionary.' Does not QUIRINUS bring down the
use of this contraction rather late ? I know
it well in MSS. down to about the end of the
fifteenth century, and in a certain number of
printed books of that century; and should
be sorry to fix a positive date for its dis-
appearance, seeing that a compositor might
casually use a single one in a book to save
trouble in "justifying" some awkward line.
But it is certainly rare in the sixteenth cen-
tury. It had, however, a name so late as
1597, as may be read in Morley's 'Intro-
duction to Musick, 3 book i. p. 36, that name
being, as one might expect, neither more nor
less than con per se. May we have a refer-
ence to books in which this sign is " horn-
shaped " ] As it is not very common, a note
of the pages would save trouble in finding
the instances. Q. V.
CONDITIONS OF SALE (10 th S. ii. 269). The
earliest " Conditions of Sale " I have been
able to find in my office relate to some
houses in St. Luke's (Old Street), and are-
dated 14 November, 1787. They are very-
short, but substantially the same as those of
the present day. EDAVARD HERON-ALLEN.
COPYING PRESS (10 th S. ii. 488). Your
correspondent should refer to 8 th S. xi. 226, 298,
337, for instances of its use in 1809 and 1782,
and for the description of a machine invented
by Mr. Wedgwood, which had been in the
possession of the family of your contributor
for at least three generations, and was thea
in excellent preservation.
EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.
71, Brecknock Road.
FLAYING ALIVE (9 th S. xii. 429, 489 ; 10 th S..
i. 15, 73, 155, 352 ; ii. 14). At the fifth refer-
ence I gave a quotation relating to the
human skin nailed to the door of Hadstock
Church, Essex. From a paragraph in The
East London Advertiser of 21 January, I
learn that this skin was recently offered for
sale at Stevens's Auction Rooms :
"When the door was removed for repairs lately
the ghastly remnant was found under an iron
hinge. Now this last memento of a Danish pirate,
encased in a mahogany box, with a collection of
literary references to it, has gone for 31. &* , not
a high price for a relic of such rarity."
JOHN T. PAGE.
West Haddon, Northamptonshire.
EDMOND AND EDWARD (10 th S. iii. 49). I
have frequently met with these names used
indifferently for the same person in original
documents and other MSS. of the seventeenth
century. But whether so used in " mediaeval
times " I cannot state with any such degree
of certainty. W. I. R. V.
MOTOR INDEX MARKS (10 th S. ii. 468). The-
letters were assigned to the various registra-
tion districts in the order of time when appli-
cation was made by the several authorities
(with one or two exceptions). S and I
precede or follow the other letters in the ca^e-
of Scotland and Ireland respectively. Edin-
burgh has plain S and Glasgow plain G. la
England, when the single alphabet had beer*
exhausted by being assigned to the first seb
of applicants, the list was continued by A A
AB, &c., followed by B A, B B, &c., C A*
C B, &c., and so on. ' W. S. B. H.
ANTIQUARY r. ANTIQUARIAN (10 th S. i. 325,.
396; ii. 174, 237, 396, 474). I have before me a
copy of a letter dated " Trieste, 14 January,
1883," from that great purist Sir Richard
Burton, to Bernard Quaritch, criticizing a,
pamphlet of mine which he had sent him.
154
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io* s. HI. FEB. 25, MOB.
He says : " It begins badly, ' musical anti-
quarian,' adjective for substantive." I have
said " antiquary " since then.
EDWARD HERON- ALLEN.
FONT CONSECRATION (10 th S. ii. 269, 336).
I am much obliged to MR. J. HOBSON
MATTHEWS for his information. An account
of the ceremony will be found in an Anglo-
Saxon Pontifical in the Public Library at
.Rouen, also in the Pontifical of Edmund
Lacey, 1421. Q. W. V.
BANKRUPTS IN 1708-9 (10 th S. ii. 487).
Walter Rye, in his 'Records and Record
Searching,' 1888, says that the bankruptcy
deeds before 1831 are at the Bankruptcy
Commissioners' Office, after that year in
Close Roll. A correspondent at 8 th S. v. 417
stated that the records subsequent to 1710
were in the new Bankruptcy Buildings next
Carey Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields. Probably
MR. MASON may obtain some information
from the following work in the library of the
London Institution, Finsbury Circus : " The
Bankrupts' Directory with an alpha-
betical list of all those persons who have
surrendered themselves to, or have been
summoned to be examined by, the Commis-
sioners according to the last two Acts of
Parliament," London, 1708.
Ev-ERARD HOME COLEMAN.
71, Brecknock Road.
HOUR OF SUNSET AT WASHINGTON (10 th S.
iii. 87). The latitude of Washington being
38 55' N"., and the sun's declination 23 15' S.
on 15 December, the hour angle at rising or
setting will be 70 32', equal in time to
4h. 42m. By that interval, then, the sun
will rise or set at Washington before passing
the meridian. But as the meridian passage
takes place on 15 December at 5m. before
noon by mean time, the sun will set 4 h. 42 m.
after that, ie, at 4h. 37m. by a clock
regulated to Washington time.
W. T. LYNN.
Blackheath.
TRAVELS IN CHINA (10 th S. ii. 408 ; iii. 15).
In the Royal Geographical Society's library,
1, Savile Row, W., the other day why do we
say the other day when we mean an other
day 1 I came across a book which will pro-
bably give the information about English
travellers in China desired by the REV. EDWIN
S. CRANE. Its title is 'Bibliotheca Sinica:
Dictionnaire Bibliographique des Ouvrages
relatifs a 1'Empire Chinois,' par Henri
Cordier, vol. i., Paris, 1904. No doubt the
librarian would allow the inquirer access to
this book, or would help him to the desired
information. He might also refer to the
recently issued volume dealing with China
in " The World's History," edited by Helm-
holt, and the articles in the ninth edition of
the 'Encyclopaedia Britannica' and supple-
ment, whioh, I believe, give bibliographies.
FREDK. A. EDWARDS, F.R.G.S.
56, Eyot Gardens, Hammersmith, W.
HAMLET WATLIXG (10 th S. ii. 488). This
gentleman is still living in Ipswich. He is
a very aged man, and I believe he has copies
of every drawing he has ever done, many of
them very remarkable. For instance, some
curious mural drawings were discovered
under the whitewash when the church at
Earl Stonham was being restored. These,
owing to needful repair, had to be destroyed,
and Mr. Watling's copies are all that
remain of them. M. E. NOBLE.
HERALDIC (10 th e S. ii. 408 ; iii. 33, 94). My
authority for stating that Crawe is a variant
of Crab is the first volume of the ' Exchequer
Rolls of Scotland.' John Crab, custumar of
Aberdeen, is described on p. 64 as Crawe, in
the passage where mention is made of him
as buying rope for military engines at Ber-
wick and Norharn. The passage runs thus :
*' et Johanni Crawe, ad emendum Cordas pro
dictis machinis, vijl. vjs. et ijd" The date is
1327. On pp. 398 and 530 he is called Crabbe
and Crab. Is there not a connexion between
the words craw and crab ? Cf. Skeat's
'Etymol. Diet.,' sub 'Crayfish, Crawfish.'
CHR. WATSON.
Crow in Northern dialect is doubtless
cra?t>,as is shown by the story of the Yorkshire
clergyman who asked Abp. Temple to let
him hold in plurality a Northern living over
some hills only a few miles away. " You are
not a craw and you shan't have it." But has
E. B R thought of crayfish=ecrivisse, G.
Krabbe, to scrab, and crabbed 1 T. WILSON.
Harpenden.
Reference to Prof. Skeat's ' Concise Dic-
tionary ' will, I think, substantiate what
R. B R says as to the impossibility of
" era we " being a variant of " crab."
J. HOLDEN MAC-MICHAEL.
"ILAND" (10 th S. ii. 348, 493 ; iii. 98). I see
no particular difficulty. If a detached part
of a barn can be called a bay, it may also be
called an island. See 'Goaf in the 'Eng.
Dialect Dictionary,' and ' Island ' in the
'N.E.D.,' which does not appear to have been
consulted. The latter shows that an island
is applied to anything that is in any way
isolated or detached ; as a cluster of houses,
a clump of trees, and the like. It is obvious
s. in. FED. -2.-,, iocs.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
155
that the Ringmer island consists of a clustei
of cottages within a well-defined area.
WALTER W. SKEAT.
An older word " Ayot " appears in the next
parish to this. There are two churches
Ayot St. Lawrence and Ayot St. Peter, both
on high ground, very nearly surrounded by
the river Lea ; and 1 atn told that " iland '
in A.-S. and O.F. includes peninsula.
T. WILSON.
Harpenden.
Does not this word mean the upper 01
high land, landing, or storey In a barn, wholly
or in part, divided into two floors ? I certainly
remember a barn of that character in which
sixty years ago I performed prodigious feats
of leaping from the high landing into the
gradually lowering mow below, while two
men gaily plied their flails on the threshing-
floor. The threshing-floor was in the centre,
where the big doors opened, and on either
side of it were huge bags into which the
sheaves of corn were unloaded from the wains
in harvest time. The west bay had an upper
continuation over a spacious storehouse, in
which latter place were a root-cutter, grind-
stone, barrows, and various small gear. It
was, in fact, part of the barn, but partitioned
off from the west bay to a height of perhaps
nine feet, and covered with boarding to form
a floor for the space above. The upper space
went to the apex of the roof, and was open
to the rest of the barn at its east end. Now,
whenever a good harvest came, the top storey,
the " i-land," would be filled first ; then the
mow in the west bay would be built up against
it. In the instance quoted by MR. ARKLE,
the upper storey had been filled with rye,
which was allowed to remain after the ad-
jacent corn had been thrashed not an un-
common practice where the grain in the
upper land or storey differed from that which
was built up in the adjoining bay.
RICHARD WELFORD.
Neweastle-upon-Tyne.
BACON OR USHER ? (10 th S. ii. 407, 471 ; iii.
94.) In the first edition of 'Reliquiae Wot-
tonianoe,' 1651, p. 538, the verses beginning
"The World's a bubble" are subscribed
"Ignoto"; in the editions of 1654, 1672, and
1685 this signature was changed to "Fra.
Lord Bacon." But whether the ascription
was made by Sir Henry Wotton himself, or
by Walton, who edited Sir Henry's papers,
cannot be stated with certainty. Wotton's
admiration of Bacon is shown in the very
interesting letter which is printed at p. 411
of the 'Reliquiae,' 1651.
The weight of evidence is certainly in
favour of Bacon's authorship. If Ussher,
who did not die till 1656, had been the writer,
would he have allowed the lines to have stood
in Farnaby, Sylvester, and Wotton un-
corrected ? W. F. PRIDEAUX.
Did Wotton write Bacon's epitaph in St.
Michael's Church, St. Albans ? I thought,
and think, till I know better, that it was
written by his cultor and fautor, Thomas
Meautys. T. WILSON.
Harpeaden.
BESANT (10 Ul S. iii. 28, 113). People ought to
be allowed to pronounce their names as they
please; but I remember that W. Besant when
an undergraduate was called Besant. It is a
foreign name, and there can be no antiquity
in the Besant pronunciation, said to have
been favoured. B. P. O.
As opposed to T.'s statement, I have ifc
from a gentleman how he was told by the
late Sir Walter that his surname should be
pronounced as if it formed a rime to
"peasant." This would seem to be conclu-
sive in respect of a name about the pronun-
ciation of which there has been so much
difference of opinion. CECIL CLARKE.
Junior Athenseum Club.
BRINGING IN THE YULE " CLOG" (10 th S. ii.
507 ; iii. 11, 57). I am afraid I might perhaps
have written less ambiguously, and said that
dun, being often interchangeable with the
sanguine colour colloquially, was probably
also, like the latter, a symbol of the sun. In
any case, I was, I think, guarded enough not to
say that "dun is often interchangeable with
}he sanguine colour as a symbol of the sun."
But there is some evidence in folk-lore that,
lor amuletic and sacred purposes, the dun
and the sanguine colours were equally effec-
tive, for the sun himself sometimes wears
almost a dun aspect, and the red breast of
;he robin, which Grimm identifies with the
sun-god, varies from a dull orange colour to
almost a brown or dun colour. The berries
of the rowan tree were none the less sacred
o the Northern sun deity because they
ometimes bore a yellow rather than a red
int, as the sun himself can scarcely be said
,o be always of a red hue. The "Red Cow,"
oo, as we meet with her on the signboard,
an, when we dip into her origin, be traced
JQ a source much more highly fabled than
ler presence as a tavern sign would suggest ;
ind practically the ''Dun Cow" has been
lisplaced in London, where only one instance
urvives, by the "Red Cow," of which there
ire still many instances. The old "Red
Jow " half-way house at Hammersmith, for
156
NOTES AND QUERIES, [io' s. m. FEB. 25, 1905.
instance, is spoken of in a mid eighteenth
century newspaper, in connexion with a
highway robbery, as the "Dun Cow." And
is not brown or dun colour a compound of
red and black listre, in fact?
J. HOLDEN MAcMlCIIAEL.
There is a picture illustrating the ' Bring-
ing in of the Yule Log 'in Brand's 'Obser-
vations on Popular Antiquities,' p. 248
(Chatto & Windus, London, 1877).
D. v. B.
In support of PROF. SKEAT'S note on dun
there is Lady Macbeth's ghastly invocation :
Come, thick night,
And pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell !
FRANCIS P. MARCHANT.
Streatham Common.
"CuT THE LOSS" (10 th S. iii. 69). The
expression in full is "cut short the loss" a
maxim occurring as one of three "golden
rules" adopted by David Ricardo (b. 1772,
d. 1823), and prescribed by him to the
intending operator on the Stock Exchange.
Bicardo's rules were ; " 1, Never refuse au
option when you can get it ; 2. Cut short
your losses ; 3. Let your profits run on."
The meaning of the second rule is self-evident
in its general application, as instanced in the
case of the Carthusian purchase. If to sell
involve loss, to delay the sale may involve
Greater loss. Therefore sell now, and, by so
oing, "cut the loss"; more explicitly "cut
short the loss." In its application to Stock
Exchange transactions, the maxim prescribes
that when stock is bought, and when, con-
trary to anticipation, it is found that prices
are falling, you should resell immediately,
and by so doing " cut short your losses."
JR. OLIVER HESLOP.
Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
This evidently means to diminish the loss
of anything by some action whereby a certain
amount of compensation for tlie loss is
ensured :
"The Spaniards have amusingly and successfully
cut the loss' in one small matter. As is well
known, the terms of surrender of Santiago involve
the transportation back to Spain of the captured
Spanish soldiers at America's expense : and the
contract has now been obtained by the Spanish
^transatlantic Company. Spanish soldiers will go
back to Spain in Spanish ships manned by Spanish
sailors, and all that America will have to do is to
pay. The Westminster Gazette, 1898.
J. HOLDEN MAC-MICHAEL.
//IN COCKNEY, USE OR OMISSION (10 th S ii
307, 351, 390, 490, 535). Jealous of the
reputation of my native county, I cannot
allow MR. HELM'S aspersion to pass. I was
born in Norfolk, and know something of it ;
but I have never known a Norfolk man, rich
or poor, use an h where it should not be, or
omit it where it should. Whatever other
words or letters they may misuse (and their
grammar is not always of the best), in this
respect they are unassailable.
J. FOSTER PALMER.
PRESCRIPTIONS (10 th S. i. 409, 453 ; ii. 56,
291, 355, 492). DR. FORSHAW says I give no
authority for my opinion that the scruple
and the gramma were the same, and that this
is only an assumption. The grounds for my
statement are to be found in the work I
mentioned, the English edition of Paulus
^Egineta, vii. 26. I will quote them :
1. Table of weights :
"Two oboli, which make a gramme (i.e., *crupu-
Inm)."
2. Commentary on the section :
"24 scruinila, or rather scriptnla, called by the
Greeks ypa^<tra."
3. Table of weights used by Arabian phy-
sicians :
= 18 1 3 , grains.
Darchimi=2 dwt. 6, 9 ? grains " (i.e. 54, 9 j grains).
It is easy to recognize the Greek terms in
the Arabic form of grame and drachimi, the
r being transposed, as in our "grass" and
"gerss." The weights against each show that
not only the Greek, but also the Arab, phy-
sicians, Avicenna and others, used gramma as-
the equivalent of " scruple."
I may mention that this division of the-
Roman ounce into drachms and scruples was-
applied to other ounces which arose in the-
Middle Ages, notably to our Troy ounce, now
happily moribund, probably an offshoot of
the ounce of Caliph Almamiin's new weights,
which superseded the old Egyptian-Roman
weights in the East, but were similarly
divided. EDWARD NICHOLSON.
Liverpool.
"THE NAKED BOY AND COFFIN" (10 th S.
iii. 67). A week or two ago there was an
inquiry in The Globe from a correspondent
who seemed to think that the sign of the
" Naked Boy " was a hopelessly cryptical one ;
but there is evidence extant quite sufficient,
I think, to establish its true origin as that
of a clothier, intimating the tradesman's
readiness to provide habiliments for those
in need of them. Woollen-drapers, mercers,
and tailors, as well as undertakers and coach-
makers, employed the sign. John Ellison was
a woollen-draper at the "Naked Boy and
Woolpack," over against Bull Inn Court in
the Strand (London Evening Post, 22 Feb-
in. FEB. -25, 1905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
157
ruary, 1732). Messrs. Wells & Hartley were
mercers in Ludgate Street at the sign of the
<l Naked Boy and Wool pack " (Daily Advertiser,
<> April, 1742). In ' The History of Signboards '
(1884, 8vo, p. 450) the sign is assumed to bear
a satirical allusion to the changeableness
of fashion in dress a changeableness con-
sequent, no doubt, at one time, upon the
variableness of the English climate, and
the greater taste for colour and general
attractiveness in men's costume. But the
instances given or the references made to
this fickleness of fashion are by no means
conclusive as to this having been the origin
of the sign. Possibly it was at one time
the " Naked Man," and the impropriety
'became an aftergrowth, since it was not
considered indelicate in the ancient religious
plays for the dramatis personce to appear in
the simplicity of an Edenic wardrobe. In
* The Comedy of Errors,' where Antipholus
of Syracuse has just had " measure of his
body" taken by the tailor, Dromip S. ex-
claims, " What, have you got the picture of
old Adam new apparelled ? " There is a token
extant (Beaufoy Collection, No. 878) of the
"Naked Boy " in Palace Yard, Westminster.
This was the sign of Thomas Lloyd, in 1725,
""one of the Cart Tail Makers to his Majesty,
which Place is in the Gift of the Duke of
Dorset, as Lord Steward of the Household "
-(Evening Post, 21 October, 1725).
J. HOLDER MACMICHAEL.
This sign was reproduced in The Daily
Graphic of 12 December, 1904, but the in-
formation accompanying it is very inaccurate.
The contributor of the note to The City Press
is probably at fault in describing it as an
"old City sign which was displayed in the
seventeenth century." The sign may have
originated with William Grindley, whose
advertisement is quoted, and who was pro-
prietor of the business before 1750. About
that date he was succeeded by Mr. Butler,
great-grandfather of the donor of the sign
-to the Guildhall Museum. My research into
the history of the house and its site is not
complete; but I believe I am correct in
identifying it as part of Robert Pyle's gift
to the Clothworkers' Company, 1538 ; vide
'Register ' for the year 1838, p. 9 et seq. The
whole of this estate was built upon about
i680, and it is, therefore, preferable to identify
the sign as of the eighteenth century.
ALECK ABRAHAMS.
39, Hillmarton Road.
JOSEPH WILFRED PARKINS (10 th S. iii. 108).
This eccentric person contested Carlisle
an 1818, not in 1825. W. W. Bean, in 'The
Parliamentary Representation of the Six
Northern Counties of England,' states that
there were three candidates John Christian
Curwen (Whig), Sir James Graham, Bart.
(Tory), and J. VV. Parkins (Whig), and that
Mr. Parkins retired at 3 P.M. on the second
day of the election, having polled forty-nine
votes. He adds that
"Parkins was Sheriff of London and Middlesex in
1819-20. He went out to India as a poor boy and
returned to England a wealthy man. He appears
to have been a very eccentric person both in
England and America, and for some years made
himself conspicuous in various eccentric ways. It
is stated that the annals of electioneering when he
was a candidate for this city [Carlisle], replete as
they were with tomfooleries, could scarcely produce
a parallel. He went to America about 1825, and
died at New York in 1840."
RICHARD WELFORD.
The above-named ex- Sheriff of London
died in New York in 1840. For further par-
ticulars see Gowan's ' Catalogue of American
Books,' New York, 1852, No. 11, p. 29, and
Gentleman's Magazine, 1840, vol. ii. p. 549.
JOHN RADCLIFFE.
KANT'S DESCENT (10 th S. ii. 488 ; iii. 114).
The following paragraph, showing the Prime
Minister's belief in the Scottish ancestry of
Kant, appeared in The 'Times about a year
ago:
" Mr. Balfour and Kant. The editor of the
KSniyyberffer Hartungxche Ztitunrj informs us that
he has received from Mr. Balfour the following con-
tribution to the jubilee number of that journal,
issued in connexion with the one hundredth anni-
versary of the death of the great Kunigsberg philo-
sopher, Itnmanuel Kant : ' Kiinigsberg does well to
keep alive every memory connected with the great
man whose writings opened a new epoch in the
development of philosophy. I am proud to think
that, though Kant was a German of the Germans,
his ancestors were countrymen of my own, so that
Scotland niay have something more than a strictly
philosophic interest in the perpetuation of his
memory. A. J. Balfour.' "
W. S.
A propos of Andrew Kant, of Dort, men-
tioned by MR. W. YOUNG, it is extremely
interesting to note that Andrew was the
name of the minister Cant, who figures so
conspicuously in Spalding's 'Troubles' as a
rabid Covenanter. The Scots descent of Kant
was discussed in Scottish Xotes and Queries,
First Series, i. 122, 143 ; ii. 30.
J. M. BULLOCH.
118, Pall Mall.
JOHN ECTON (10 th S. i. 327). The parish
registers of St. Michael-in-the-Soke, Win-
chester, record the baptisms of John, son of
John Ecton, on 14 February, 1674, and of
Bridgett, daughter of John Ecton, on 29 De-
158
NOTES AND QUERIES. [10* s. in. FEB. 25, 1905.
cember, 1676. The first of these entries
relates presumably to the author of 'Liber
Valorum et Decimarum.' H. C.
' CARENTINILLA. " (10 th S. iii. 108). I am
able now to add the price of this fabric,
which may throw some light on the question
of its nature. In 1312-13 and 1314-15 it
cost 3d. an ell. Q. V.
NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.
The Literature of the French Renaissance. By
Arthur Tilley, M.A. 2 vols. (Cambridge, Uni-
versity Press.)
IF the study of the literature of the Renaissance
is more interesting and stimulating in France than
elsewhere, the reason may be found in the violent
hostility provoked in that country by the Refor-
mation and the consequent persecution to which
the thinker was subject. Nothing correspond-
ing was visible in the same degree elsewhere.
At a time when the Parlement and the Sor-
bonne were burning men such as Dolet at the
stake, Rome was the safest place in which a
freethinker could take shelter. In Spain the
trumpet blast of Reformation awoke no echoes,
the intellectual Hfe of the country having been
stifled by a system of scientific and continuous
persecution. In Germany the boldest innovators
found influential protectors, while the victims of
" bloody " Mary consisted rather of the humble
and the pious than of the learned and the wise.
In France meanwhile the strife between leaguer
andHuguenotaboundswithpicturesqueandstriking
episodes. Before the opposing sides were definitely
formed the leaders of revolt in France had a
sufficiently hard time. Some were put to death ;
others committed suicide ; others, again, betook
themselves to exile. Rabelais even, the greatest
of all, owed his safety to the protection of patrons
such as the Du Bellays and to the special favour
of Francis I. It is interesting and saddening to
trace the fate of the separate members of that
brilliant party that met at Liguge. In place, then,
of pleasant discussions concerning the humanists,
we have to study the actions of men between whom
and death interposed little except the protection
of the Court (itself not too secure) of Navarre.
Upon the literary aspects of this thrilling epoch,
and upon the writings of the principal poets,
essayists, philosophers, satirists, moralists, &c.,
Mr. Tilley, the Lecturer at King's College, Cam-
bridge, has written a comprehensive, serviceable,
and erudite work, which the student may read
with pleasure and will turn to with advantage.
The circumstances under which the task was
executed, and the sources of obligation, are stated
in a preface, which the student will naturally con-
sult. Beginning with the accession of Francis I.,
the work ends with Regnier and Malherbe,
1555-1628, thus covering virtually a century.
Early chapters are devoted to Francis and his
Court ; to Humanism, the leading spirit in which
is Bude, the friend of Erasmus, born in the same
year, the reviver of Greek learning, founder of the
College de France and the Bibliotheque du Roi ;
and to the moulding of the language. It opens out
with Clement Marot and his predecessor Cretin. Jean
Marot, Coquillart, and Octavien (or, as Mr. Tilley
prefers to call him, Octovien) de Saint-Gelais, the
series of literary judgments which constitutes the
most attractive portion of the work.
The school of Marot occupies a separate chapter,
after which we reach Margaret of Navarre, who
supplies, perhaps, the best portion of the book.
Rabelais, Montaigne, and the Pleiade are naturally
the subjects of chapters, and there is in the second
volume a short but useful summary of the Renais-
sance theatre, drawn from the tragedies of Jodelle-
and the comedies (virtually translations) of Pierre
Larivey, with a separate reference to tragi-comedy,
the earliest instance of which is advanced in the
' Celestina ' of Fernando de Rojas, the longest of
Spanish plays. In his ' Apology ' Sidney speaks of
the "mungrell Tragy-comedie." We have closely
studied a work which covers one of the most
interesting epochs in the history of human thought,
and have marked unavailingly scores of passages-
for comment. Small opportunity for censure is
afforded, though there are some pardonable
academic strictures upon licences of speech, which
in their own time were not regarded as such. In.
the case of Rabelais, sufficient allowance is scarcely
made for the fact that coarseness of speech was
employed principally as a defensive measure, and
was, like the guffaw of the clown, used to disguise
or reduce to no importance the sagest and most
pregnant utterances of the day. To Christie's great
work on Dolet the best contribution in its way of
any Englishman to French literature full justice
is done. A very pleasant picture is afforded of
Margaret of Navarre, whose attitude towards
religion is said to have been very similar to that of
the mass of English people at the beginning of the
reign of Elizabeth. The work is excellent in all
respects, and its contents are rendered generally
accessible by a good index. Considering the large
number of entries, a remarkable amount of space is
devoted to the minor writers with whom the epoch
swarms. We knowno other work, English or French,
which gives within the same space so much service-
able information. Most of the early French
writers have been edited in the "Bibliotheque
Elzevirienne" or in other forms. There are still
some, however, to whom access is not easy. Mr.
Tilley's work commends itself warmly to the-
scholar.
Early Scottish Charters prior to A.D. 1153. Col-
lected, with Notes and an Index, by Sir Archibald
C. Lawrie. (Glasgow, MacLehose & Sons.)
THE early Scottish charters granted before the
death of David, " the good king," popularly known
as "the saint," are mostly accessible in the pub-
lications of the Scottish printing clubs, Dugdale,
and such institutions as the Surtees Society and
the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. Alone or
in conjunction with the Maitland Club the Banna-
tyne Club issued very many. Sir Archibald puts
their number at 134. From various sources the
present editor has collected no fewer than 271
charters, some of them printed for the first
time. On the value of these it is needless to-
insist. They constitute the chief source of in-
formation we possess concerning Scottish history
before feudal customs were virtually established
by David I. Beginning with ' The Book of Deer,'
the discovery of which in I860) sent a thrill to the-
m. FEB. 25, 1905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
150
heart of Scottish antiquaries, they end with the
charter to Brinkeburn, A.D. 1153, edited for the
Surtees Society by Mr. Page, and attributed by
him, presumably in error, to Malcolm, not William,
de Gwarrenne. With one exception, the 'Notitire
of Grants to the Church of Deer' are translated
from the Gaelic, are Irish, and were written,
according to Mr. Skene, in the early part of the
reign of David I. The charters generally are in
Latin, and are of varied interest. One of them is
granted to the church of St. Serf by Macbeth and
Gruoch, the King and Quen of Scots. Another is a
letter of Alcuin to the monks of Candida Casa, in
Wigtonshire, desiring their prayers, first printed
in its entirety in Haddan and Stubbs ; one from
Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, to King Alex-
ander I. ; three letters from Pope Callixtus II.,
casting a lighten Scottish ecclesiastical history, &c.
So well known to antiquaries and historians are
these precious documents that it is needless to
dwell upon them. They are now presented in a
collected and comprehensive form, and are easily
accessible to the student, who has had previously to
hunt them out in works not always within reach.
It is in the notes and illustrations, which form the
larger portion of the volume, that the most im-
portant contribution to scholarship is made. With
the patient fidelity of a herald Sir Archibald has i
followed down the track of these grants, showing
which of them are avowedly spurious, hinting at |
or proving the uncertainty of others, and supplying '
all obtainable information concerning the personages
and institutions mentioned. In his opening note
he describes the discovery of k The Book of Deer,'
published in its entirety in 1869 by the Spalding
Club, and points out the sanguine hopes of illu- !
mination derived from its appearance. Its value j
and its interest in regard to Columcilla, otherwise ,
St. Columba, and St. Drostan are conceded. Doubt i
is cast, however, as to whether, as Mr. Skene sup-
posed, there was a Mormaer over each province of
Northern Scotland. The general value of the j
' Notitiie ' is said to have been exaggerated, and there
is some question whether a monastery continued ]
to exist at Deer from the time of St. Columba to '
the reign of David I. In addition to the mention !
of Lady Macbeth, we come on occasional references j
to legend or romance. To the appropriation of the !
lands of the Cistercian Abbey of Deer were to be
attributed by Keith Marischal the sorrows of his
line, celebrated by Sydney Dobell and Rossetti.
On p. 273 we come upon the Boy of Egremont and
" What is good for a bootless bene?" though Sir
Archibald thinks it probable that he was a
brother, and not a son, of Alice de Romelie.
Curious antiquarian references abound, such as the
practice of Jaying on the altar a knife as a symbol
of gift. We could derive from successive notes
endless matter of interest. The book is a boon to
scholarship such as Messrs. MacLehose have taught
us to expect from their University Press.
Samuel Butler's Hudibras. The Text edited by
A. R. Waller. (Cambridge, University Press.)
THE third volume of the admirable series of
"Cambridge English Classics" differs from its
two predecessors in being in verse, as well as
in some editorial respects. It is printed from
the edition of 1678, the first of all the three
parts, the text of which it adopts, while in an
appendix are supplied the variants between the
accepted text and that of the early editions of 1662
and 1664. The variants in question are not seldom
significant. In the first) edition of the first part the
opening line of canto i. reads
When civil dudgeon first grew high
a reading which we have always preferred
instead of
When civil fury first grew high.
Considerable change has been made in the famous 1
lines about Montaigne playing with his cat, and
alterations of importance are of frequent occur-
rence. It may not arbitrarily be decided which
text is preferable. The later has at least the
advantage of being the more ample, supplying
many passages not to be found in the earlier.
Among the lines which do not appear in the first
edition, and are now given, is the famous distich.
Compound for Sins, they are inclin'd to ;
By damning those they have no mind to,
perhaps the best known and the most frequently-
quoted in the book. We ourselves first heard this-
publicly quoted sixty years ago by a Quaker orator,
who, however, for "damning" substituted the more
innocent word "blaming." Butler's rimes are the
most ingenious and flexible on record. They are
not always such as would pass muster in the present
century. Even the surprise rime in the secondi
part of the second canto,
And straight another with his Flambeaux,
Gave Ralpho o'er the eyes a damn'd blow,
ingenious as it is, is not quite satisfactory. In
this, as in previous volumes, eccentricities of
punctuation are left unaltered, Mr. Waller justly
holding that the "'pointing' of those days is no
more a stumbling-block than the spelling," and.
asserting that it "gives to the general reader an
added sense of nearness to the actual f jrm in which
the author made his appearance." We shall be
glad of a companion volume with Butler's other
poems.
Popular Ballads of the Olden Time. Selected and
edited by Frank Sidgwick. Second Series.
(A. H. Bullen.)
THE second telection of popular ballads issued by
Mr. Sidgwick is in no way inferior to the first, and
the augmenting series will prove an inestimable
boon to those who do not possess the large and
authoritative work edited by Mr. Chappell and Mr.
Ebsworth for the Ballad Society, or the admirable
collection of Prof. Francis James Child. We have
already spoken in high praise of the first series, the
name of Mr. Bullen on the title-page and his share
in the publication furnishing a guarantee for purity
and authenticity of text. These things are more
important than might be supposed, since modern
squeamishness is threatening to deluge our shelves
with works from which the scholar cannot confi-
dently quote. There seems a danger, indeed, that, in
spite of Macaulay's protest, duly quoted amidst
the preliminary matter, " Rifadmenti, harmonies,
abridgments, expurgated editions," may become
pur ordinary fare. Works such as this are, accord-
ingly, to be prized and cherished. Something over
fifty ballads are included in the present volume.
They are described as 'Ballads of Mystery and
Miracle and Fyttes of Mirth.' The selection is
admirably made and edited. It begins with ' Thomas
Rymer,' from the lost TytlerrBrown MS. Follow-
ing this come ' Cospatrick,' 'Clerk Colven,' 'Tarn
160
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io B. 111. FEB. 25, IMS.
Lin,' ' The Wife of Usher's Well,' ' Clerk Sanders,'
' The Three Ravens ' (which we are disposed to
place at the very top of ballad literature), 'Fair
Helen of Kirconnell, and innumerable others, in-
cluding 'The Bailiff's Daughter of Islington' and
'"King John and the Abbot.' Indexes of titles and
first lines add to the value of a scholarly and trust-
worthy compilation which appeals strongly to the
Jovers of poetry. The ' Fyttes of Mirth ' are
-specially attractive.
The Table Talk and Omniana of Coleridge. Arranged
and edited by T. Ashe, B.A. (Bell & Sons.)
.No pleasanter addition could be made to the
attractive " York Library" thati this work of Cole-
ridge, which is stuffed full of matter. Herein are
many of his most pregnant utterances, such as that
Swift was " anima Rabelaisii habitans in siccp."
There are few books to which one can turn with
more certainty of reward. The man would be "not
unwise," to use Milton's words, who dipped into it
frequently, even daily. In its present shape it can
be so dipped into with comfort as well as advantage.
The Edinburgh for January opens with a review
of so much of the second volume of ' The Cambridge
Modern History ' as relates to the Reformation in
.England. It is written by one of competent knovy-
ledge, and we trace in it an earnest desire to avoid
partisanship which has been almost always success-
ful, though we think we have discovered a few
mistakes as to facts. It is not evident, for
example, that what are now called the Home
Counties had at first accepted the ideals of the
continental reformers to the extent with which
they are credited. There were more persons burnt
at the stake for heresy near London than in many
districts further removed from the centre of govern-
ment ; but this is no index to the number of people
who shared the convictions of those who suffered.
Aubrey de Vere is sympathetically treated by one
well able to appreciate his verse, which has never
been popular with the multitude, though his brother
poets valued it highly. His love of nature, espe-
cially in its simpler and milder forms, is his most
valuable characteristic. This has been attributed
to his early friendship with Wordsworth, but was
evidently inborn. The paper on Bishop Creighton
does justice to one who, as an historian, has hardly
been estimated at his true value. The fact that he
did not take a side, but endeavoured to present
things as they were, not as they ought to have
been, has led niany to conclude, most unjustly,
that he was indifferent to subjects whereon he had,
>in truth, strong convictions. We know of no modern
English writer who has possessed more fully the
>rare gift of fairness when judging those persons
whose stupidity, not to dwell on their crimes, must
have been most repugnant to his own temperament.
'Sweden' is a paper the production of a writer
who knows the country well, uot only as it exists
for the modern tourist, but also as it was in the
remote past. Whether it be true that the Swedes
of to-day are the fullest representatives of the
Teutonic stock we are neither prepared to affirm
nor deny. They have the physical characteristics
of the Old Germans in a marked degree, and their
intellectual gifts tell in the same direction. In
early times, however, there must have been no little
admixture of Lapland blood, and it would be
strange if the Mongolian strain were altogether
-absent. ' Homer and his Commentators ' is in
great part a review of M. Victor Berard's 'Les
Pheniciens et 1'Odyssee,' a work which will greatly
modify, if indeed it does not revolutionize, the old
fashioned Homeric scholarship. Manila is not a
place from which we should look for important
contributions to scientific literature. Nevertheless
the Rev. Jose Algue, a Jesuit priest stationed
there, has found means of issuing in that far-away
station a book on cyclones, which cannot but be of
great importance to the merchant-navies of the
world. The work seems but little known as yet,
though it has reached a second edition. Whether
M. Algue's conclusions are, on the whole, satis-
factory, it must be left to future experience to
demonstrate. There are, however, reasons for
accepting them, at least provisionally, as they are
based on long-continued and careful observation.
THE ' Select Documents illustrative of the His-
tory of the French Revolution,' which Mr. L. G.
Wickham Legg has edited, will be published in.
two volumes by Mr. Frowde for the Delegates of
the Oxford University Press.
JOWKTT'S translation of Aristotle's 'Polities' is
being issued by the Oxford University Press,
uniform in style with Plato's ' Socratic Dialogues,'
also translated by Jowett, Dean Wickham's ' Horace
for English Readers,' and Mr. Tozer's translation
of the ' Divine Comedy.' Mr. H. W. C. Davis con-
tributes introduction, analysis, and index to the
'Politics.'
HT01k.es
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10*8. III. MARCH 4, 1905.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
161
LOXDOX, SATURDAY, it ARCH It, 1905.
CONTENTS. -No. 62.
NOTES : Mrs. Thrale and Johnson's 'In Theatre,' 11
J3enson Earle Hill, 162-The Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly
163 Queen Anne as Amateur Actress, 16-4 Congreve'
Birthplace " L'gly rush " Quarfcerstaves The Fitz
williams The late Dr. H. H. .Drake- Contempt for th
Law in a Will, 165.
QUEKIBS: "Perit" Irritability of Character, 166
" Bottleman "Moscow Campaign Turing : Baunerman
Translations of Domesday Kipley Persehouse : Sabin
Sir James Cotter, 167 De Morgan : Tuberville Compte
Prison Lucas Families Spur-post Abbey of St. Vale'ry
sitr-Somme "Pompelmous" " Dinkums " Bidding
Prayer Sibilla de Gournay Hertfordshire Iconoclast
Sir Alexander Grant's Will Samuel Butler, 1*53 Song
Wanted" Call a spade a spade " ' The Lady's Museum '
Modern London,' 1804 Millar's ' Geography ' Wooder
Fonts, 169.
REPLIES: "The gentle Shakespeare," 169 "Walkyn
Silver," 170 "And has it come to this?" Authors o
Quotations Wanted Halls of the City Companies, 171
'Steer to the Nor'-Nor'- West 'Molly Lepel's Descent
St. Sepulchre, 172 Birth-MarksGeorge Villiers, Duke o
Buckingham Blood used in Building : Sugar in Mortar
173 Cataloguing Seventeenth-Century Tracts Cope o
Bramshill Q icen's Surname, 174 Gold r. Silver Patent
Medicines Clocks stopped at Death Clergyman as City
Councillor Saxton Family, 175 Luther Family Sir
El win Arnold" When our old Catholic fathers lived "
" Ob ! the pilgrims of Zion " ' Rebecca,' a Novel, 176.
NOTES ON BOOKS :' Hakluytus Posthumus' Kanke's
' History of the Keformati m ' ' Heralds' College and
Coats of Arms ' ' Remarkable Comets' 'Browning
Calendar' ' Quarterly Review ' ' English Historica
Review.'
Bookse'ltrs" Catalogues.
Notices to Correspondents.
gait*.
IN
MRS. THRALE AND JOHNSON'S
THEATRO.'
A THRALE - BOSWELL item has recently
come into the possession of a local collector,
a description of which may be of interest to
Johnsonians.
It consists of a card, about 4 inches by
31 inches, on the face of which is written
apparently in Mrs. Thrale's hand a copy of
the Latin verses ' In Theatro,' composed by
Dr. Johnson while attending an oratorio at
Covent Garden Theatre with Mrs. Thrale in
1771.
On the reverse is an English paraphrase of
the verses unmistakablj 7 in Mrs. Thrale's
handwriting made by her at Dr. Johnson's
request :
" When we were got home, however, he repeated
these verses, which he said he had made at the
oratorio, and he bid me translate them 1 gave
him the following lines in imitation, which he liked
well enough, I think." ' Anecdotes of the late
Samuel Johnson,' Piozzi, London, 1786, 72-4.
Above the Latin verses is written in Bos-
well's handwriting, "By Samuel Johnson,
LL.D." ; above the English verses [translated]
"By Mrs. Thrale," and below them, ''Mrs.
Thrale gave me this, 1775, James Bos well."
In the manuscript the Latin verses appear
exactly as published by Mrs. Piozzi in the
'Anecdotes,' and as reproduced by Dr. George
Birkbeck Hill in his 'Johnsonian Miscellanies '
N.Y., 1897, i. 19C-8. In the English para-
phrase, however, there are variations in
three out of the four verses which may make
a comparison of them of some interest.
The manuscript verses are as follow :
When sixty years have chang'd thee quite,
Still can theatric Scenes delight ?
Ill suits this Place with learned Wight
May Belts or Coulson cry.
The Scholars pride can Brent disarm ?
His heart can soft Guadagni warm ?
Or Scenes with sweet delusion charm
The Climacteric Eye ?
The social Club, or lonely Towr,
Far better suit thy Midnight Hour.
Let each according to his Powr
In Worth or Wisdom shine !
And while Play pleases idle Boys,
And wanton Mirth fond Youth employs,
To fix the Mind and free from Toys
That useful Task be thine !
The verses as published by Mrs. Piozzi read :
When threescore years have chill'd thee quite,
Still can theatric scenes delight ?
Ill suits this place with learned wight,
May Bates or Coulson cry.
The scholars pride can Brent disarm ?
His heart can soft Guadagni warm ?
Or scenes with sweet delusion charm
The climacteric eye ?
The social club, the lonely tower,
Far better suit thy midnight hour ;
Let each according to his power
In worth or wisdom shine.
And while play pleases idle boys,
And wanton mirth fond youtji employs,
To fix the soul, and free from toys,
That useful task be thine.
Dr. Hill identifies (Charlotte) Brent and
jfuadagni with well-known singers of the
period. Of the other persons named in the
verses he writes :
" Bates was perhaps Joah Bates, a musician, in
vhose orchestra Herschel, the astronomer, played
irst violin. See 'Diet. Nat. Biog.' under 'Bates.'
do not know who Coulson was. It is possible
hat he was Johnson's friend, the Rev. John
Joulson, Fellow of University College, Oxford
'Letters,' i. 323), and that Bates was another
cholar."
It hardly seems probable that a pro-
essional musician would have considered
hat a theatre at the time of a performance
f an oratorio was a place ill-suited to a
'learned wight." But accepting the name
s Betts, as written by Mrs. Thrale, and
following out Dr. Hill's alternative that
Bates was another scholar of University
College, the present writer ventures to sug-
162
NOTES AND QUERIES, [lo* s. m. MARCH *, 1905.
gest a possible identity with Joseph Betts,
matriculated at University College in 1736,
B.A. 1740, M.A. 1743, and Savilian Professor
of Geometry 1765-6. He was a contemporary
of the Eev. John Coulson, M.A., University
College, 1746, whom Johnson visited at times,
and with whom he stayed in University
College in June, 1775 ('Letters of Samuel
Johnson,' Hill, Oxford, 1892, i. 323).
In 1764, when writing to William Strahan
regarding the entering of George Strahan as
a Commoner of University College, Johnson
says, "The College is almost filled with my
friends, and he will be well treated " (' Let-
ters,' i. 113).
Betts died in 1766, however, which makes
it a rather far cry to 1771, when the verses
were written. Some allowance may be made
for Mrs. Thrale's poetical licence or her in-
accuracy, and since Johnson's acquaintance
with the Thrales began before the date of
Betts's death, it is not impossible that he
may himself have mentioned the two names
in conjunction to Mrs. Thrale. At a later
period he mentioned Coulson a number of
times when writing to Mrs. Thrale from
Oxford. E. P. MEERITT.
Boston, U.S.
BENSON EARLE HILL.
A PASSAGE of some interest in one of the
works of this writer induced me a few weeks
since to inquire into the details of his career ;
and after some difficulty I constructed the
following notice.
Benson Earle Hill was born at Bristol, in
or about the year 1795, and was educated at
the establishment of Dr. Watson on Shooter's
Hill, and at the military colleges of Marlow
and Woolwich. On 20 March, 1809, he was
appointed second lieutenant in the Royal
Regiment of Artillery (London Gazette, 1809,
pt. i. 375), and was ordered to Ireland in
1810. His promotion to the rank of first
lieutenant was dated 17 March, 1812 (ib. t 1812,
pt. i. 854).
Hill was appointed in the following June
" to a company in the Kent district " ; and in
1814 he was sent with his regiment, under
the command of Sir Edward Pakenham, to
New Orleans, landing again in England on
30 May, 1815. His regiment was stationed
at Ostend from 6 to 26 June, when it
marched to Brussels. On 11 July it was
at Mons, under Sir Alexander Dickson, and
was engaged afterwards in reducing the
frontier towns of Belgium and France. In
the middle of September he returned to
Brussels on leave to witness the inauguration
of the King of the Netherlands. He saw at
the end of that month the Emperor Alex-
ander pass through Mons, and on 9 October
he was presented, as being on the staff of
Sir Alexander Dickson, to the King of Prussia,
at Maubeuge.
The following winter Hill was quartered
in various towns near the frontiers, and in
April, 1816, he obtained leave, owing to the
death of a near relative, to return from
Valenciennes to England. From July, 1816,
to Februa 
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