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ao s. vii. JAN. 5, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 5, 1007.

CONTENTS. No. 158.

JfOTES : Fairy-haunted Kensington, 1 Lady Anne Hoi-
bourne, 2 Dodsley's Famous Collection of Poetry, 3
"First -Footing," A.D. 1907, 5 Cardinal Mezzofanti :
Jeremiah Curtin King Alfonso's Marriage Guevara
Inscriptions at Stenigot : " Potie " Warden, 6 Admiral
Benbow's Death" Firgunanum " Christ's Hospital at
Hertford" Churchyard Cough "Long Public Service, 7.

QUERIES : " Unconscionable time dying "--" Thune ":
" CEil-de-boeuf," French Slang Words T. Cayerley : Jean
Cavalier Gamelshiel Castle, Haddingtonshire George
Stepney Eleanor of Castile Rev. R. Bauthmel, 8
Cantus Hibernici ' " Unbychid " H. S. Kemble
'London and Neighbourhood,' 1750 ' Sea- Voyage of
Aloysius' Romney's Ancestry Isle of Man and the
Countess of Derby Doncaster: Image of the Blessed
Virgin, 9 Authors of Quotations Wanted Boddington
Family Officers of State in Scotland John Stivens
Scott Illustrators, 10.

.REPLIES : First Female Abolitionist, 10 St. Oswald:
"Gescheibte Turm " Cowper, Lamb, or Hood? Mar-
quise de la Fayette "Mony a pickle maks a mickle "
"The Maghzen," 11 Authors of Quotations Wanted
"Ito": "Itoland" "Forest of Oxtowe" Bibliqtheca
Farmeria.na Carlyle on Religion Myddelton Family, 12
Illustrations of Shakespeare Andre George Eliot and
Dickens St. George's Chapel Yard, Oxford Road Oscar
Wilde Bibliography Richard Humphries, the Prize-
fighter Monkeys stealing from a Pedlar, 13 Walton,
Lancashire West Indian Military Records " Quap-
ladde" "Poor Dog Tray," 14 March 25 as New Year's
Day Ausone de Chancel, 15 A Knighthood of 1603
Dole Cupboards, 16 Sante Fe", 17 Courtesy Titles, 18.

NOTES ON BOOKS : Sheridan's Dramatic Works
' Dod's Peerage ' ' Clergy Directory ' ' Literary Year-
Book ' ' Whitaker's Almanack ' ' Whitaker's Peerage '
"Muses' Library."
Obituary : Mr. Arthur Hall.

Booksellers' Catalogues.

FAIRY-HAUNTED KENSINGTON.

IN choosing Kensington Gardens for the
haunt of Peter Pan and his elfish companions,
Mr. J. M. Barrie has followed the example
of an early eighteenth-century poet, Thomas
Tickell, who peopled the same district with
a fairy host who

played

On every hill, and danced in every shade.
Tn Tickell's time Kensington Gardens was
a fashionable resort, where, he tells us,
The dames of Britain oft' in crowds repair,
To gravel walks and unpolluted air ;
Here, while the Town in damps and darkness lies,
They breathe in sunshine and see azure skies.
But charming as Kensington was to the
beaux and belles of early Hanoverian days,
the poet assures us that
Far sweeter was it when its peopled ground
With fairy domes and dazzling towers was crowned.

In the dim past the seat of Oberon, the Elfin
king, was situated here. Only fairies were
admitted into the beautiful domain that
surrounded his palace, except when some
daring elf stole a mortal child from

the matron's bed
And left some sickly changeling in its stead.

Thus it was that young Albion, a prince of
Britain, came to the haunts of the fairies,
was fostered by them, and grew to be tho
wonder of the wood for height, and strength,
and beauty :

His lofty port his human birth confest ;

A foot in height ! How stately did he show !

How look superior on the crowd below !
A fairy princess falls in love with him, and
he returns her affection with equal warmth.

Beneath a lofty tulip's ample shade
they sigh their love into each other's ears,
and plight their troth

In words so melting that, compared with those,
The nicest courtship of terrestrial beaux
Would sound like compliments from country clowns
To red-cheeked sweethearts in their homespun
gowns.

King Oberon, all unseen, watches their
passionate love-making, and overhears their
vows. He had cherished other views for
Kenna's future, and is furious at what he
has seen and heard. He decrees, as a
punishment for the luckless pair, the im-
mediate banishment of Albion from fairy-
land and the speedy marriage of Kenna to
another lover, Azuriel, whose large and fair
domains stretched

Where the skies high Holland House invades.

We need not pursue the story further
than to say that the death of Albion in
battle is followed by the destruction of the
fairy kingdom and the dispersal of the
fairies. All except heart-broken Kenna
seek a home elsewhere. She continued to
haunt the grove where her mortal lover,
trying to say,

" Kenna, farewell ! " had sighed his soul away.
Her faithful attachment to scenes endeared
by the memory of a lost love has been
rewarded by the bestowal of her name upon
" the neighbouring town " of Kensington.

Such in brief is Tickell's story, and, after
the lapse of a hundred and eighty-four years,
the fertile fancy of another imaginative
writer has once more given to airy nothing
a local habitation and a name. Kenna's
home is again alive with fairies, and, aided
by the fantastic pencil of Mr, Arthur Rack-
ham, Mr. Barrie has conjured up for us a
twentieth- century vision of the doings of
the " little people " of Kensington, about
whose loving and fighting Thomas Tickell
tried to interest our ancestors in the days
when George I. was king.

Tickell may be safely classed among the
forgotten poets, though he wrote a good
deal, was the companion of Addison, and
in one instance appeared as the rival of
Pope. He was a North-Countryman, a

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL JAN. 5, 1907.

native of Bridekirk, in Cumberland, where
he was born in 1686. He received the
beginning of his education at Carlisle
Grammar School, but from the commence-
ment of his college career saw little of his
native North. He mixed freely with the
wits of his time, and contributed verses to
The Guardian and The Spectator. His friend-
ship with the Addison clique of politicians
secured him an appointment of a lucrative
character in Ireland Secretary to the Lords
Justices which he held from 1725 until
his death at Bath in 1740. His poetry is
of the conventional eighteenth-century type,
and if we did not remember that he was but
aping his betters, we might well be filled
with wonder at the fulsomeness of the
flattery in which he sometimes indulged.
He is not likely to have his work resuscitated,
though a student of the period in which he
lived can hardly afford to ignore him alto-
gether. JOHN OXBEBBY.
Gateshead.

LADY ANNE HOLBOURNE.

DUGDAIE, in his ' Hist, of Warw.' (1730),
i. 346, mentions as being in Long Itchington
Church a tablet near the pulpit referring to
the above lady. He gives the inscription and
arms thereon. T am inclined to think he
was wrong in using the word " tablet," as
there still exists in the church an achieve-
ment and inscription, painted on canvas
enclosed in a wooden frame, which corre-
sponds in all other respects with his descrip-
tion. For many years past (doubtless
since 1860) this painting has hung at a point
over the western or tower arch, from which
it was quite impossible for any one to see
its details. Last September it was brought
down from its elevated position, and placed,
with certain charity records, on the wall
at the west end of the south aisle. Before
it was rehung T examined it closely and as
my reading of the arms somewhat differs
(especially with regard to the tinctures)
from Dugdole's, I submit it to * N. & Q.'

At the foot of the canvas runs the follow-
ing inscription :

The truly Virtuous & Right Honorable the
Lady Anne Holbourne one of ye Daughters

& Coheires of ye Right Honoble S r Rob* Dudley
K 1 Duke of ye Empire who bequethed 50 U per

annum to
M r Sam: Row minister of this Church & to his

successors for
ever also 50 n more to ye poore of this Parish.

Above this is a femme shield containing
the following arms :

Quarterly, 1 and 4, Arg., on a fesse sa.
three crescents or, in chief two choughs (?)

rising of the second ; 2 and 3, Sa., three-
lions passant in pale arg. ; impaling

1. Or, a lion ramp, double-queued sa.,.
langue gu.

2. Gu., a cinquefoil erm.

3. Or, two lions passant in pale sa.

4. Arg., a cross patonce sa.

5. Barry of six arg. and sa., in chief three
torteaux ; a label of three points sa.

6. Or, a maunch gu.

7. Barry of twelve arg. and sa. ; an orle
of martlets sa.

8. Vairee arg. and gu.

9. Gu., seven mascles conjoined or, 3, 3,
and 1.

10. Sa., three garbs or.

11. Gu., a lion rampant within a bordure
engrailed or.

12. Gu., a fesse betw. six cross-crosslets or.

13. Chequy or and sa., a chevron ermine.

14. Gu., a chevron between ten crosses
pattee arg.

15. Gu., a lion passant guardant arg.,
crowned or.

16. Or, a fesse between two chevrons sa.

The inscription bears the marks of re-
touching in several places, and the canvas
has at one time been repaired ; but the
achievement has not apparently been tam-
pered with. The tinctures are therefore
in some instances very hard to define, owing
to the mellowing tendency of the dust of
ages. On the sides and at the top and
bottom of the frame are painted hour-glasses
and skulls and crossbones. Lady Anne
Holbourne was granddaughter to Eliza-
beth's Dudley, the Earl of Leicester who
figures conspicuously in history as the hus-
band of the ill-fated Amy Robsart. He
married secondly Douglas, daughter of
William, Lord Howard of Effingham, by
whom he had one son, Robert. This Robert
married Alice, daughter of Sir Thomas
Leigh, the issue being five children, of whom
Anne was the youngest. She married Sir
Richard Holbourne, Solicitor-General to
Charles I. This and other parishes still
benefit by the charitable bequests of Lady
Anne Holbourne and her sister Lady
Catherine Leveson, wife of Sir Richard
Leveson, K.B.

Banks's 'Dormant and Extinct Peerage'
(iii. 266) states that Lady Anne Holbourne,
who died in 1663, was buried in the church
of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, London. I shall
be glad if some London correspondent will
kindly tell me if any tablet or monument
dedicated to her memory still remains there.

JOHN T. PAGE.
Long Itchington, Warwickshire.

10 s. vii. JAN. 5, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

DODSLEY'S FAMOUS COLLECTION

OF POETRY.
(See 10 S.vi. 361, 402.)

VOL. I., ED. 1766, CONTENTS AND AUTHORS.

Pp. 3-21. On the prospect of peace. Addressed
to the Lord Privy Seal, Dr. Robinson, then Bishop
of Bristol.
Gray (' Letters,' ed. Tovey, i. 182) says :

" This is not only a state-poem (my ancient aver-
sion), but a state-poem on the peace of Utrecht

This is only a poor short-winded imitation of
Addison, who had himself not above three or four
notes in poetry, sweet enough indeed, like those of
a German flute, but such as soon tire and satiate
the ear with their frequent return. Tickell has
added to this a great poverty of sense, and a string
of transitions that hardly become a schoolboy.
However, I forgive him for the sake of his ballad
[' Colin and Lucy '], which I always thought the
prettiest in the world."

This poem ' On the Prospect of Peace '
was highly lauded, by both Pope and Addi-
son. It went through six editions.

22-6. To the Earl of Warwick, on the death of
Mr. Addison.

26-30. Colin and Lucy.

30-33. On the prophecy of Kerens. Referring to
the rebellion in 1715.

34-6. To Sir Godfrey Kneller at his country seat
Whitton. In Twickenham. 1722.

36-7. On the death of the Earl of Cadogan.

38-41. Ode to the Earl of Sunderland at Windsor.
Published 1720.

41-60. Kensington Garden.

61-8. Epistle from a lady in England to a gentle-
man at Avignon.

The above are by Thomas Tickell (' D.N.B.').
The ' Epistle ' was published anonymously
in 1717, and reached five editions. To the
six lines beginning " To Rome then must
the royal wand'rer go," and ending " The
proffered purple and the hat may please,"
Horace Walpole in his copy wrote the com-
ment : " This litter ally became the Lot of
the last of the Family." Bramston says
in his ' Art of Politics ' :

The Jacobites rediculous opinion

Is seen from Tickell's letter to Avignon.

69-81. The female reign, an ode by Mr. [Samuel]
Cobb.-' D.N.B.'

Dr. Joseph Warton speaks of him (Nichols,
' Lit. Anecdotes of the 18th Cent.,' vi. 170)
as " author of a very fine ode in Dodsley's
Miscellanies " ; again, " his ode in Dodsley
is most excellent."

82-104. Six town eclogues by the Right Hon.
L. M. W. M. Lady Mary Wortley Montagu
('D.N.B.').

1. Monday. Roxana [the Duchess of Roxburgh],
or the drawing-room. Coquetilla is the Duchess of
Shrewsbury.

2. Tuesday. St. James's coffee house. Silliander
[General Campbell] and Patch [Lord Hertford].
In 1. 3 H d is Howard.

3. Wednesday. The tete a tete. Dancinda.

4. Thursday. The bassette table. Smilinda [Lady
Mary Wortley Montagu] and Cardelia [Countess
of Bristol].

This is printed by Anderson among Pope's
works. Sharper is Lord Stair ; Ombrelia is
Mrs. Hanbury ; Betty Loveit is Mrs. South-,
well. Corticelli's is described by Walpole
as " a fashionable Indian warehouse at the
upper end of Suffolk Street, and a rendezvous
of galantry."

5. Friday. The Toilette. Lydia [Mrs. Coke, wife-
of the Vice-Chamberlain].

This is printed by Anderson, with consider-
able alterations, among Gay's works. Damon
is Lord Berkeley. " Your wife " (two lines-
afterwards) is Lady Louisa Lenox (sic). To
1. 15, "side boxes," Walpole puts the note-
" ladies at that time sat in the front-boxes,,
men in the side," and adds the line " When
bows the side box from its inmost rows "
('Rape of the Lock').

6. Saturday. The Small-pox. Flavia [Lady Mary
Wortley Montagu].

Mirmillio (1. 71) is usually said to be Dr.
Gibbons ; Walpole says that it is Sir Hans
Sloane. Machaon (1. 77) is Garth. Horace
Walpole's note is :

"These eclogues Lady M. Wortley allowed me to-
transcribe from a volume of her poems in MS. at
Florence in 1740, and from my copy Dodsley printed
them and the ' Epistle from A. Grey,' ' The Lover,'
and the ' Epilogue ' ; and her Ladyship told me all
the persons alluded to. Bp. Warburton has printed i
the second eclogue as Pope's, who might correct or
at least transcribe it ; but it [is evident] that all six
are by the same hand and not like Pope."
The words in brackets are much blurred.
Gray (' Letters,' i. 187) wrote :

" The town is an owl if it don't like Lady Mary,
and I am surprised at it ; we here [Cambridge] are
owls enough to think her eclogues very bad; but
that I did not wonder at."
The ' Epistle from Arthur Grey the footman

to Mrs. [Griselda], afterwards Lady,

Murray ' was subsequently suppressed. She
died 6 June, 1759.

105-7. The lover, a ballad, to Mr. [Richard] C
[Chandler].

Eldest son of Dr. Chandler, Bishop of
Durham. He married Elizabeth, the only
daughter of Lord James Cavendish, whose
name he took by Act of Parliament in 1752.

107. The lady's resolve, written extempore on a
window.

108. The gentleman's answer.

108-11. An epistle to Lord B [Bathurst].

112-13. Epilogue to Mary, Queen of Scots [a tragedy
begun by the Duke of Wharton], design'd to be
spoken by Mrs. Oldfield.

114-15. A receipt to cure the vapours, written to*
Lady J [Irwin, daughter of the Earl of Carlisle].

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL JAN. 5, 1907.

The above are also by Lady Mary Wortley
Montagu. An account of Lady Irwin is
printed in Walpole's 'Royal and Noble
Authors,' ed. Park, v. 155-7. She wrote
an answer to this " Receipt." Both pieces
are printed in the ' Additions to the Works
of Pope '(1776), i. 168-70.

116-46. The Spleen, an epistle to Mr. C J [i.e.,
Cuthbert Jackson]. By Mr. Matthew Green of the
Custom-house.' D.N.B.'
Gray says (' Letters,' ed. Tovey, i. 183) :

" All there is of M. Green here has been printed
before ; there is a profusion of wit everywhere ;
reading would have formed his judgment and
harmonised his verse, for even his wood-notes often
break out into strains of real poetry and music."
Walpole says of ' The Spleen ' :

" This is as original a poem as ever was written.
It has the wit of Butler with the ease of Prior with-
. out imitating either, and tho' so poetic all the
images are taken from the streets of London."
He fills up the blanks g 1 p s as " gospel
propagators," and to " such was of late a
corporation" adds "the Charitable Cor-
poration." When Goldsmith asserted that
: there was no poetry in his age, Dodsley
appealed to his own collection as a refuta-
tion, and particularly mentioned ' The
. Spleen.' Johnson's comment on this was :
" I think Dodsley gave up the question . .
4 The Spleen ' is not poetry " (Boswell,
11 Apl., 1776). To the account of Green in
the ' D.N.B.' it may be added that two
letters by him are in the Political State for
July, 1740, pp. 85-9.

146-7. An epigram on the Rev. Mr. Laurence
Echard's and Bishop Gilbert Burnet's histories.

147-9. The sparrow and diamond, a song.

150-1. Jove and Semele.

152-3. The seeker.

153-7. On Barclay's apology for the Quakers.
The above are also by Green, whose family
were Quakers. He respected, but deserted,
that creed.

158-72. Pre-existence, a poem in imitation of
Milton.

Tt was published with a preface by J. B.
in 1714, and reprinted in 1740 and 1800.
Gray writes (' Letters,' i. 184) :

"Dr. Evans [Abel Evans: see 'D.N.B.'] is a
furious madman ; and pre-existence is nonsense in
all her altitudes."

172-80. Chiron to Achilles, a poem by Hildebrand
Jacob, Esq.' D.N.B.'

This was first published in 1732, and was
included in liis collected works (1735),
pp. 133-44.

180-5. Know your self, by the late Dr. Arbuthnot.
-' D.N.B.'

Pub. anon, in 1734, with an advertisement
that it hod been written several years

before. This is the only manuscript of
Arbuthnot in existence, and Mr. Aitken in
his ' Life and Works of Arbuthnot,' pp. 436-
442, has printed it, " first as it was published,
and secondly, as it was originally written."

186-99. London, a poem in imitation of the third
satire of Juvenal. By Mr. Samuel Johnson.

Writing to Horace Walpole, Gray says
(' Letters,' i. 183) :

" I am sorry to differ from you, but ' London ' is
to me one of those few imitations that have all the
ease and all the spirit of an original. The .same
man's verses on the opening of Garrick's theatre
are far from bad."

To the words " whom pensions can incite
To vote a patriot black, a courtier white,"
is the note by Walpl e : " This w d have
suited Johnson himself latterly." H y's
next page is Hervey's.

200-2. Prologue spoken by Garrick, at the opening
of the theatre in Drury Lane, 1747. By Samuel
Johnson.

203-13. Of active and retired life, an epistle to
H. C., Esq. [Henry Coventry]. By William Melmoth
the Younger (' D.N.B.') ; first printed in the year

214-19.^ Grongar Hill. By Mr. [John] Dyer.

Dyer, says Gray (' Letters,' i. 183), " has
more of poetry in his imagination than
almost any of our number, but rough and
injudicious."

220-41. The ruins of Rome, a poem. By the same.

241-55. The school - mistress, a poem in imita-
tion of Spenser. By William Shenstone, Esq.
'D.N.B.'

" Excellent in its kind and masterly,"
says Gray (' Letters,' i. 183). Shenstone
(' Letters,' p. 174) complacently records
under date of November, 1748, that he had
borrowed " Dodsley's Miscellany of Lady
Luxborough, in which are many good
things."

256-85. The art of politics, in imitation of Horace's
Art of Poetry.' By the Reverend Mr. [James]
Bramston. 'D.N.B/

L. 1, "Sir James " is Thornhill, Sir
Robert is of course Sir Robert Walpole.
" New Bond Street and a newer square,"
i.e. Cavendish Square. "Let Sir Paul
resign," Methuen. " Gibber's opera from
Johnny Gay's " : the opera is ' Love in a
Riddle,' the other piece * The Beggar's
Opera.' " Th' arch-bishop and the Master
of the Rolls," Wake and Sir Joseph Jekyll.
Wyndham is Sir William Wyndham ; * ' Lord
William's dead and gone," Lord William
Poulet. Bramstone's poem contains many
pointed lines.

10 s. vii. JAN. 5, loo:.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

What 's not destroy'd by Time's devouring hand ?
Where 's Troy, and where 's the May-pole in the

Strand?

are very familiar to us.
286-97. The man of taste. By the same.
Sir Andrew is Sir Andrew Fount aine,
*' The di'mond count," says Walpole, was
*' a noted venturer, who was said to be going
to marry the D ss of Buckingham, when he
was detected and decamped."

298-321. An essay on conversation. By Benjamin
Stillingfleet. ' D.N.B.'

This poem is addressed to William Wind-
ham, of Felbrigg, near Cromer, Norfolk, to
whom Stillingfleet had been tutor, and with
whom he travelled abroad. More than
once the author shows himself angry with
Bentley in refusing Mm a fellowship at
Trinity College. " B y " should be filled
up as Bentley. " B-rm-n " is Burman ;
" Ba-l-y " is Bailey. Dr. Doran says
that Stillirigfleet's poem helped the social
reform of Dr. Johnson and Mrs. Montagu.
It "lays down some very excellent rules,
that implicitly followed would make con-
versation impossible."

321-3. Ode to a lady on the death of Col. Charles
Ross in the action at Fontenoy. Written May,
174:,. By Mr. William Collins.' D.N.B.'

324. Ode written in the same year. By the same.

325-6. ^Ode to evening. By the same.

327. Verses written on a blank leaf, by [George
Granville] Lord Lansdowii ('D.N.B.') 'when he
presented his works to the queen, 1732.

328-9. Advice to a lady in autumn.

This and the three next pieces are by
Lord Chesterfield ('D.N.B.').

329-3(X On a lady's drinking the Bath waters.
330. Verses written in a Lady's ' Sherlock upon
Death.'
331-2. Song.

Fanny in 1. 1 is Lady Fanny Shirley. The
Rev. R. S. Cobbett in his 'Memorials of
Twickenham,' 1872, p. 69, expresses his
belief that the song was written by Mr.
Thomas Philips, a dramatic writer. An
article by George Agar Ellis, afterwards
Lord Dover, on ' Chesterfield and Fanny,'
is in ' The Keepsake ' for 1831, pp. 1-15.

An original poem by Lord Hervey, which
was printed in a few copies of the first edition
of this Miscellany, but then suppressed as
too personal, is reproduced in The Gentle-
man's Magazine for 1796, pt. i. 509. Cf. i&.
pt. i. 530 ; pt. ii. preliminary page, and
p. 740.

The poem to the Earl of Warwick
(pp. 22-6), that on the prophecy of Nereus
(pp. 30-33), the following poems to p. 115

inclusive, the prologue spoken by Garrick
(pp. 200-2), and the poems from p. 321
inclusive to the end of the volume, were
not in the first volume of the first edition.

The six ' Town Eclogues ' by Lady M. W.
Montagu, ' The Lover,' and the other poems
to p. 115 inclusive, and the prologue spoken
by Mr.. Garrick (pp. 200-2) were in the third
volume of that edition.

* The Art of Cookery,' by Dr. King, and
the following poems by him (vol. i. first
edition, pp. 223-63), and ' The Apparition,'
by Dr. Evans (ib. pp. 238-68, the paging
being repeated), were afterwards omitted.
W. P. COURTNEY.

"FIRST-FOOTING," ANNO DOM. 1907:

SOME OLD SONGS.
THE poem written an entire century ago
by the Hon. William Robert Spencer (1770-
1834), as an ' Epitaph on the Year 1806,'
needs no alteration beyond a single word
to fit it as an echo to the present date. For
it begins and ends thus, with touching
appropriateness :

5 Tis gone, with its thorns and its roses,
With the dust of dead ages to mix !

Time's channel for ever encloses
The year [Nine]teen Hundred and Six.

[Tn'O Ntanzoff intervene,.]

If thine was a gloom the completest

That death's darkest cypress could throw,.

Thine, too, was a garland the sweetest
That life in full blossom could show.

One hand gave the balmy corrector
Of ills which the other had brewed

One draught from thy chalice of nectar
All taste of thy bitter subdued.

'Tis gone with its thorns and its roses !

With mine tears more precious may mix
To hallow this midnight which closes

The year [Ninejteen Hundred and Six.

Thus did our earlier and better " Bobby
Spencer " prove himself a century ago to
be a " First-Footer," as they would say in
Scotland. For myself, an Englishman born,
a Surrey native, and of Lambeth, Gray's
Walk Road, my " first footing " in Scotland
that I can remember is of the date 1828 or
1829. Of this anon.

It so happens that I can remember a long
series of happy " First-Footings " in the
" Land of Cakes," which I and my dear
father before me (Joseph Ebsworth, 1788-
1868) found to be brimming over with
hospitality and true-heartedness, as was
worthy of the country that gave birth to
Robert Burns and to Walter Scott men

NOTES AND QUERIES. no s. VIL JAN. 5, 1907.

who deserve our love and gratitude for
what they were in their own noble indi-
viduality as well as for what they gave us as
undying legacies in literature by their
genius. Our reverence and admiration for
them both is undimmed, and should remain
so whilst life can last. But life is flitting
away fast, and while I am still able let me
try to furnish to dear ' N. & Q.,' that I have
loved from its earliest days, some records
ithat I hold in authentic autographs and
memories connected with, e.g., William
Hazlitt, Sir Henry Bishop, and others who
have passed away into the silence. May a
blessing rest at this New Year on all who
love ' N. & Q.' !

J. WOODFALL EBSWORTH.
The Priory, Ashford, Kent.

(To be continued.)

[We trust that our old friend MR. EBSWORTH will
pardon the alterations made in the interesting com-
munication he has sent us. His far too kind words
about all connected with 'N. & Q.' are deeply
.appreciated, but we feel that we must retain them
for our own private perusal.]

CABDINAL MEZZOFANTI: JEREMIAH CURTIN.
According to the Central News of 15 De-
cember, Mr. Jeremiah Curtin, who translated
' Quo Vadis ? ' from the Polish, has recently
died at Bristol, Vermont. He is said to have
known seventy languages. If this be correct,
lie must have surpassed Cardinal Mezzofanti,
who, according to ' The Encyclopaedia
Britannica,' spoke with considerable fluency
some fifty or sixty languages of the most
widely separated families. Byron, it will be
remembered, called him the Briareus of
iparts of speech, and a walking polyglot
who ought to have existed at the time of
-the Tower of Babel as universal interpreter.
'The Countess of Blessington, who met
Mezzofanti at Bologna, says :

"Mezzofanti is said to be the master of no less
n than forty languages. When, however, we referred
to this subject he disclaimed it, and modestly said
there was great exaggeration in the statement.
But as he has never leit Italy and yet speaks Eng-
lish correctly, I can imagine his proficiency in other
tongues."

Mezzofanti, it will be observed, disclaimed
a knowledge of forty languages ; if Mr.
Curtin knew seventy languages, Mezzo-
:fanti ceases to be a name synonymous with
Briareus in a linguistic sense. When I
visited Bologna twenty years ago, I chanced,
while passing the corner of the Via dell'
Orso, to see some workmen pulling down a
house. Tt was the house in which Mezzo-
ianti resided while Professor of Oriental

Languages in that city. Through the dust
clouds I read the following inscription under
a medallion, with a profile portrait of the
learned cardinal :

Heic Mezzofantus patrite stupor ortus et orbi
Unus qvii linguas calluit omnigenas.

Vicentii Mignani Honoriensis.

It is curious to remember that Mezzofanti,
who seems to belong to the eighteenth century,
did not die until 1849. There is no mention
of the inscription given above in any of the
Guide-Books that I have seen.

RICHARD EDGCTJMBE.

Edgbarrow, Crowthorne.

KING ALFONSO'S MARRIAGE. In the
speech of our gracious King read in Parlia-
ment on 21 December, 1906, the date of the
marriage of the King and Queen of Spain
is given as " last June." So say the reports
published in the London newspapers. The
real date was, of course, 31 May. King
Alfonso is altogether a May King ; and may
he long succeed in making history a blessing
to Spain and to England !

EDWARD S. DODGSON,
Correspondiente de la Real Academia
de la Historia.

GUEVARA INSCRIPTIONS AT STENIGOT :
" POTIE " WARDEN. A few months ago
local newspapers chronicled the removal
from the old church at Stenigot, Lincoln-
shire (now closed), to a new church, of two
alabaster monumental tablets, with kneeling
figures, bearing the following inscriptions :

" Heie lyeth ye bodie of Francis Viles De
Guevaraa, naturale Spannyarde, borne in ye pro-
vince of Biscay, who had to his first wife Devise
Reade, daughter and hey re to John Reade, of
Boston, in ye county of Lincoln, Esquire, by whome
he had issue one daughter, Eliene, and after married
Annie Egerton, daughter to John Egerton, of
Willoughby, in ye county aforesaid, Esquire, by
whome he had issue 5 sonnes, viz., John, Peregrine,
Henry, William, George, and 5 daughters, viz.,
Anne, Susan, Cathrine, Elisabeth, and Fraunce,
and died ye tenth of February 1592."

" Here lyeth ye bodie of Sir John Grevara,
Knight, sometimes the Potie Warden of the East
Marches of England under the Right Honourable
Peregrine, Lo : Willoughby, Baron of Willoughby,
Beak, and Eagesby, sonne and Heire to Francis
Grevara, Esquire, who maryed Anne, daughter of
Robert Sanderson, of Saxeby, in the countie of
Lincoln, Esquire, by whome he had issue 6 sonnes,
viz., Frannces [x*'c], John, William, Thomas, Charles,
and Robert, and 2 daughters, viz., Katherhie and
Mary, and departed this life ye 6 th June, 1607."

I have exactly copied these inscriptions
as they appeared in print, and the variation
in spelling of the surname will be noticed.
I am curious, and shall be glad of information,

10 s. vii. JAN. 5, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

.as to " Potie Warden of the East Marches "
(query, " Potie "=petit, minor or assistant).
Perhaps some of your readers will be good
enough to afford it. W. B. H.

^ADMIRAL BENBOW'S DEATH. The sub-
joined is from ' Shropshire Notes and
Queries,' Shrewsbury Chronicle, 29 Dec.,
1905 :

" The Death of Admiral Benbow. A Song.
'The following ditty has been taken down from the
lips of ' Old Jones,' the celebrated Hawkstone
guide, who lately sang it to a quaint old tune. Are
the words and music preserved in any published
collection of sea songs ? This version is traditional
in the family of Jones, who have held the office of
Hawkstone guide for several generations. The
present ' Old Jones,' when a boy, learnt the song
from his father, and these two lives would carry
back the date to the early part of the last century ;
and, perhaps, two other lives would cover the
interval after the making of the song.
Admiral Benbow.

Come, all you seamen bold,
Lend an ear lend an ear,

For it 's of an admiral's fame,

Brave old Benbow called by name,

How he fought upon the main,
You shall hear you shall hear.

Brave Benbow he set sail,

For to fight for to fight ;
Brave Benbow he set sail,
And the French they did turn tail

In a fright in a fright.

.Says Corvey unto Webb,*

' I will run I will run
For I value no disgrace,
Nor the losing of my place,
For my enemies I'll not face,

Nor their guns nor their guns.'

Brave Benbow lost one leg

By a chain-shot by a chain-shot

Brave Benbow lost one leg.

* Oh, fight, my lads, I beg,
It 's your lot it 's your lot ! '

* Come, doctor, dress my wounds !'

Benbow cried Benbow cried ;

* May the cradle now in haste
On the quarter-deck be placed
That my enemies I may face,

Till I die-till I die. 3

On Sunday morning soon,

Benbow diedf Benbow died.
What a shocking sight to see,
Poor old Benbow carried away,
He was buried at Kingston Church,
There he lies there he lies !"

HERBERT SOUTHAM.

" FIRGUNANUM." This is a word the
solution of which I opine may be worth
recording, on account of its peculiarity, and
of its having cost me very much research to

" * Kirkby unto Wade. They were shot or
.board the Bristol, at Plymouth, 16th April, 1703."
"+4th Nov., 1702."

arrive at it. It was effected when I was
almost au bout de mon latin, by a chance
effort, and the kind aid of the late erudite
President of the Royal Society of Anti-
quaries of Ireland, Mr. John B. Garstin.

" Firgunanum " is the valediction closing
an ' Account of St. Patrick's Purgatory in
Lough Derg, County Donegal, and of the
Pilgrims' Business There,' which was pub-
iished on 1 Aug., 1701, by the Ven. Arch-
deacon Michael Hewetson (Armagh), and
is the Irishism of Firgananaim, a curious
compound of Greek, Latin, and Irish. It
means ** A man without a name " (vir, man ;
gan, without ; a, a ; naim, name). It occurs
In the Latin form " Inominatus " in mediaeval
inscriptions, doing duty as a Christian name,
as, for example, in the Hacket one at
Fethard, co. Tipperary.

One might almost feel inclined to think
that it could equally signify " anonymus,"
but it is not so, as the author had special
reasons for using his own word, appropriate
to his subject and the period when he wrote
it. JOHN HEWETSON.

CHRIST'S HOSPITAL AT HERTFORD. The
great accuracy and value of ' Chambers's
Encyclopaedia ' make it desirable to point
out a mistake occurring under ' Christ's
Hospital,' vol. iii. p. 224, col. 1, where we
read :

" In 1863 the governors built a preparatory school
at Hertford, where the children are trained till
they are advanced enough to be transferred to the
London school."

The true date of the erection of the Hertford
school is 1683, so that the mistake seems to
have arisen from one of the most fruitful
sources of printers' errors that of trans-
position. W. T. LYNN.

" CHURCHYARD COUGH." I can remember
when a good deal used to be said about those
troubled with a deep and hollow sounding
cough, a cough which people called " a
churchyard cough," or, as some put it, "a
grave-opener cough." Now and then the
term is to be heard, but far less frequently
than was the case fifty years ago. Many of
the old bits of speech are dying out, and
this seems to be one of them.

THOS. BATCLIFFE.

Worksop.

LONG PUBLIC SERVICE. At the age of
eighty-three Alderman John Banks, J.P.,
was on 9 November elected for the sixth
time Mayor of his native town of Folkestone,
having held his seat in the Corporation con-
tinuously from 1 November, 1857.

Pv. J. FYNMORE.

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL JAN. 5, 1907.

WE must request correspondents desiring in-
ormation on family matters of only private interest
to affix their names and addresses to their queries,
in order that answers may be sent to them direct.

" UNCONSCIONABLE TIME DYING." Can
any one tell me what is the original authority
for the "unconscionable time dying" story
of Charles IT. ? OSMUND AIRY.

" THUNE " : " (EIL-DE-BOZUV," FRENCH
SLANG WORDS. In Farmer and Henley's
* Slang and its Analogues,' sub voce 'Rhino,'
thune or tune is given as a French slang name
for money generally. This looks odd to
me, as I have always heard thune applied
specifically to the five-franc piece. Can any
reader tell me which is the correct sense ?
Is the origin of the term known ? Being
argot, it is not in the ordinary dictionaries.
Another French slang name for this coin is
(zil-debvcuf, corresponding exactly to the
English term bull's eye for a five - shilling
piece, just as its Dutch slang name, dchter-
wieler, corresponds to our hind coach wheel.
I am collecting and comparing the popular
names of coins in European languages.

JAS. PLATT, Jun.

THOMAS CAVERLEY : JEAN CAVALIER.
I am in possession of an oil painting super-
scribed " Mr. Thomas Caverley, aged 100.
J. Richardson pinxit." According to family
traditions, the said Thomas Caverley was a
French Huguenot refugee, whose original
name was Cavalier, and his death is re-
corded to have occurred in October, 1745,
and the place of his burial to have been
St. James's Church, Garlick Hill, in a
private vault, of which no trace appears to
exist.

Now J. Richardson, sen., died in May,
1745, accord|ng to Rees's 'Cyclopaedia,' in
which heiis stated to have had a paralytic
stroke a short time before Presumedly,
therefore, the portrait was by his son, J.
Richardson, jun. Can that question be
decided ?

Again, was Thomas Caverley related to
the well-known Jean Cavalier, a renowned
leader of the French Huguenots, who held
the appointment of Governor of Guernsey
under the British Government ? Of him,
I am informed, it is stated in a French bio-
graphical dictionary that he was "ne en
1629.... et mourut a Chelsea en Mai,
1740," i.e , at the age of 111 ! Ts there an
English biography of Jean Cavalier extant ?

G. W. W.

GAMELSHIEL CASTLE, HADDINGTONSHIRE.
Can any of your readers favour me with
information respecting the above castle ?
I can find nothing about it except in ' The
Picture of Scotland,' by Robert Chambers,
vol. i., 1827, and this is legendary. I want
to ascertain facts concerning the place, if
possible. WILLIAM GEMMELL,

Scotstown Hill, Glasgow.

GEORGE STEPNEY. (See 2 S. xi. 225.)
The ' Diet. Nat. Biog.' says of this diplomat :

"Extensive collections of his correspondence are
preserved in the British Museum and in the Public
Record Office. Another large and important ool-
lection is in the possession of the Earl of Maccles-
field (Hist. MSS. Comm. 1st Hep. p. ix., app.
pp. 34-40)."

A bibliography of Stepney concludes the
sketch in ' D.N.B.,' liv. 191.

It appears that the Hist. MSS. Commission
caused to be made, with the consent of the
Earl of Macclesfield, copies of certain of the
latter's manuscripts, and that these copies
were deposited in the Public Record Office
" among the semi-official documents com-
monly called ' Transcripts.' " A * Calendar
of the Papers of the Earl of Macclesfield'
was also commenced and continued (perhaps
completed) by the Hist. MSS. Commission
(cf. 2nd Report, p. ix). Can any reader say
if this calendar or the original letters from
Stepney have been examined with a view to
the recovery therefrom of new biographical
material concerning Dr. Edmond Halley's
two missions to Vienna (1702-3) ?

EUGENE FAIRFIELD McPiKE.

1, Park Row, Chicago, U.S.

ELEANOR OF CASTILE : HER TOMB. Miss
Strickland speaks of the beautiful recumbent
effigy on Queen Eleanor's tomb in West-
minster Abbey as a likeness of the queen.
Dean Stanley in his 'Memorials' asserts
that it is not & portrait, but merely an ima-
ginary type of beauty. This seems very
unlikeH , and one would much rather believe
that the striking and beautiful figure re*
sembled the " chere reine." As a far-away
descendant of the royal lady, J am deeply
interested in the subject. Can any one
enlighten me ? HELGA.

REV. R. RATJTHMEL. A topographical 1
work entitled ' Antiquitates Bremetona-
censes ' was published in 1746 by the Rev.
R. Rauthmel, and deals with the antiquities
of Overborough. The author endeavours
to show that a Roman road ran from Rib-
Chester to Overborough.

In 1741 a certain Richard Rauthmell had
been for some fifteen years curate of White-

10 s. vii. JAN. 5, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

well and of Grindleton. He says, in a letter
published in Whitaker's ' Craven,' the
original of which is at present in my care :

" My 2 chapels are in the Alpes of the West
Riding, and 1 have just now calculated it y* I
have rid over the alpine mountains to attend and
perforate Divine Service at Grindleton Chapel
above 3,000 miles put all together ; and the whole
yearly stipends put in one sum amount not above
60 pounds."

His weary rides over the alpine mountains
would give him time to think of the Roman
road in the near neighbourhood.

Am I right in identifying the author of
the above-named volume with my equestrian
predecessor ? Some of your contributors
may know more of the Rev. R. Rauthmel.
FRED. G. ACKERLEY.

Gridleton Vicarage, Clitheroe, Lanes.

' CANTUS HIBERNICI.' Some eight years
ago I purchased for a couple of shillings a
volume entitled " Cantus Hibernici, Auctore
Thoma Moore, Latine Redditi. Editio Nova.
A Nicholao Lee Torre, Coll. Nov. apud
Oxoniam, olim Socio. Leamington : Thomas
Knibb. 1856." The volume, which is dedi-
cated to the Marquess of Lansdowne, con-
tains some 41 Latin renderings of Moore's

* Irish Melodies,' and has an appendix of
seven other Latin versions of the ' Melodies,'
culled " by permission of the author," from
the * Anthologia Oxoniensis,' the ' Arundines
Cami,' and the ' Sabrinae Corolla ' ; the
initials appended to each translation being
R. R. W. L., G. B., W. B. J., and B. H. K.
Can any possessor of the ' Arundines Cami '
or the ' Sabrinae Corolla ' tell me whom
those initails represent ? Perhaps MB. PICK-
FORD can oblige me. I may add that the
versions are idiomatically and literally
correct. J. B. McGovERN.

St. Stephen's Rectory, C.-on-M., Manchester.

" UNBYCHID." Twenty-seven years being
a very long time in the history of etymological
research, I may be excused for asking if
anything further has come to light with
regard to the above word, since the publica-
tion of Prof. Skeat's edition of Chaucer's

* Man of Lawe's Tale,' &c., by the Clarendon
Press. I refer to the notes on " bicched
bones," 4 Pardonere's Tale,' C. 656. " Un-
bychid " occurs in ' The Towneley Plays '
(E.E.T.S.), 291-356, and is there glossed
" disorderly (?)." H. P. L.

HENRY STEPHEN KEMBLE. How many
descendants of this actor, the nephew of
Mrs. Siddons, went on the stage ? I know
of his daughter Agnes, who married Thomas
Cooper, and became the mother of Mr.

Frank Kemble Cooper and Mr. Cooper
Cliffe. But the late Miss Alice Barnett
of the Savoy also claimed descent from this
Kemble. Was it through a daughter or a
son ? J. M. BULLOCH.

118, Pall Mall, S.W.

' LONDON AND NEIGHBOURHOOD,' 1750.
A pamphlet so named, and described as an
* Essay on Summer Entertainments in the
Neighbourhood of London,' occurred in the
Comerford sale, lot 2261. It is catalogued
as "unique," but this presumably refers
to the fact that the copy was extra-illustrated.
I have failed to trace another copy at the
B.M. or in the catalogues of other topo-
graphical libraries. References or further
information will be welcome.

ALECK ABRAHAMS.
39, Hillmarton Road, N.

* SEA- VOYAGE OP ALOYSIUS.' A book
with some such title is referred to in a
German herbal published in 1546. Can
any reader identify it ? L. L. K.

ROMNEY'S ANCESTRY. George Romney,
of Colby, Appleby (grandfather of the artist),
left Colby in the Civil War, and went to
Lancaster, and later to Dalton-in-Furness.
He was sixty when he married, and the
marriage cannot be found at Dalton,
St. Lawrence's, Appleby, or Carlisle. Where
was he married ? and what was his father's
name ? Had Mary Abbott, of Kirkland,
Romney's wife, relations called Collinson and
Betham ? Where is Kirkland ? Was Ann
Simpson, of Sladebank, Romney's mother,
related to the Simpsons of Torrisholme,
near Morecambe, and how ? Where is
Sladebank ? And was her grandfather,
Thomas Park, of Millwood, near Furnesa
Abbey, High Constable of Furness 1642-7,
related to Sir James Parke, afterwards
Lord Wensleydale ?

I shall be greatly obliged for any help.
(Mrs.) L. BENNETT.

6, Arthur Street East, B.C.

ISLE OF MAN AND THE COUNTESS OF
DERBY. Will some reader inform me where
I can find particulars of the surrender of
the Isle of Man by the Countess of Derby
to the Parliamentary forces in 1651 ?

D. MURRAY.

Union Club, Trafalgar Square, S.W.

DONCASTER: IMAGE OF THE BLESSED
VIRGIN. It is believed that in one of the
religious houses at Doncaster there was in
former days a statue of the Blessed Virgin,
deemed to be miraculous, which at some

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. vn. JAN. 5, 1907.

period during the Reformation was sent to
London, and there burnt along with other
objects of a like character. Can any one
direct me to contemporary evidence for
this statement, and say in what part of
London the fire took place ?

K. P. D. E.

AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED.
Give my youth, my faith, my sword,

Choice of the heart's desire !
A short life in the saddle, Lord,
Not long life by the fire.

H. B. L.

BODDINGTON FAMILY. InBurke's ' Landed
Gentry ' a pedigree of this family gives the
descent from Timothy Boddington, of Barton,
co. Oxford. He had a son, John Bodding-
ton, and other issue. John's son Thomas
had a son John besides other three sons and
three daughters ; John, the son of Thomas,
also had junior issue, the names of whom
are not given by Burke. Can any of your
readers give me information of the junior
issue in the above cases, or of any of their
descendants ?

There was a John Boddington at North
Leigh, co. Oxford, about the beginning of
the nineteenth century. Tradition speaks
of him in those parts as being contractor
for the maintenance of the roads. He was
married twice. Any information regarding
his parentage, his marriages, his birth, or his
death, will be gratefully received.

WILL o' GLOUCESTER.

OFFICERS OF STATE IN SCOTLAND. These
appear to be :

1. Secretary for Scotland and Keeper of
the Great Seal.

2. Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal.

3. Lord Clerk Register.

4. Lord Advocate.

5. Lord Justice Clerk.

Will some one conversant with the matter
please say how it happens that while the
Lord Justice Clerk is one of the officers of
State, the Lord Justice General is not ?

J. CHRISTIE.

181, Morningside Road, Edinburgh.

JOHN STIVENS, Surgeon-in- Ordinary to
the Prince of Wales, died 2 August, 1737.
Can any reader give me information about
him ? W. A. MACNAUGHTON, M.D.

Stonehaven, N.B.

SCOTT ILLUSTRATORS. Where can par-
ticulars be found of the illustrations to Sir
Walter Scott's works, such as the names of
the artists, the number of illustrations by
each, and the dates of the editions in which
they first appeared ? E. N. G.

FIRST FEMALE ABOLITIONIST.
(10 S. vi. 365, 470.)

IN reference to MR. ALBERT MATTHEWS'S
reply on the above subject, I am in a position
:o throw a little light on the last paragraph
n regard to women's anti-slavery societies
n England.

The last clause of the British and Foreign
Anti-Slavery Society's Constitution, drawn
up in 1839, runs : " That the committee do
nvite and encourage the formation of
adies' branch associations in furtherance
of the objects of this society." But the
formation of such ladies' associations was
very far from being a new thing in 1839.
Fn connexion with the previous Anti-Slavery
Society, which existed before the Act of
1833, a very large number of women's
associations seems to have been formed.
The volumes of the journal of that society,
The Anti-Slavery Monthly Reporter (which
was begun in 1825 by Zachary Macaulay,
and ably edited by him until his death),
are before me, and the first mention which
I can find of a Women's Anti-Slavery Asso-
ciation having been formed is of that
started at Colchester in July, 1825; a
similar one was formed at Calne (Wilts)
in the following month. The subscription
lists for 1826 show that the Clifton and
Bristol Women's Association (to which
MR. MATTHEWS refers) was in existence at
that date. The lists of the folio wing -four
years show that a great many women's
associations were added, all over the country,
during that time.

At the World's Anti-Slavery Convention
of 1840, as is well known, Mrs. Lucretia
Mott and other ladies, who came over as
delegates from the United States, were
excluded, after long discussion, from taking
part in the conference, on account of their
sex. It was, however, announced in the
Reporter published before that conference
that the committee wished to " afford
accomodation, as far as the room will permit,
to their female friends, to whose exertions
the cause of freedom is already so much
indebted,"" and that tickets would be issued
admitting ladies to the galleries and other
spaces not necessarily occupied^by members.
Hay don's large picture of the Convention
(now in the National Portrait Gallery) shows
that a number of women (most of them in
Quaker bonnets) actually sat in the body of
the hall. It seems probable, although I am

10 s. VIL JAN. 5, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

;able to find only a few actual references to
them, that from that date women's branch
associations in connexion with the Anti-
Slavery Society were constantly formed, in
accordance with the provision above quoted
from the constitution.

l^jThere was some difference of opinion
among the Anti-Slavery leaders about women
'taking part in getting up petitions against
slavery, and we learn from the * Life and
Letters of Zachary Macaulay ' that Wilber-
:force was opposed to " the interference of
ladies " in such matters, while Macaulay
rtook the other side, and Brougham warmly
agreed with him.

To sum up, we may infer that women
:gave very valuable co-operation and help
in the fight against slavery, but that the
predominant feeling of the early Victorian
period was opposed to their taking a public
part in the agitation. TBAVEBS BUXTON.

British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society,
51, Denison House, Vauxhall Bridge Road, S. W.

ST. OSWALD: " GESCHEIBTE TUBM" (10
S. vi. 488). I should say Baedeker is right.
Gescheibt often means " round " in German.
There is a long article on gescheibt in this
sense in Grimm's ' Deutsches Worterbuch '
(vol. iv., 1897). Among the examples given
is the very one we want, viz., " Der ge-
scheibte oder Schabenthurm bei Bozen,
wegen seiner runden Form so genannt."
This seems pretty conclusive.

JAS. PLATT, Jun.

COWPEB, LAMB, OB HOOD ? (10 S. vi. 490.)
There does not appear to be any evidence
that the stanzas quoted by D. M. were found
an any other handwriting than that of
Charles Lamb ; and in the absence of such
evidence they may be pretty confidently
ascribed to the " matter of lie man," who
was evidently thinking of a well-known
habit of his own when, in a letter to Procter,
he observed that " forgeries and false
Gospels are not peculiar to the age following
'the Apostles."

The verses first appeared in Hone's
'Table Book' for 1827 (vol. ii. No. 30) at
!the head of a little article entitled ' Mrs.
Gilpin riding to Edmonton,' which was
embellished by an engraving, " probably
from the poet's friend Romney," the origin
of which was confided to the editor of ' The
Table Book ' in a letter found by Mr. Lucas,
along with the manuscript copy of the
article, in the Rowf ant Library, and recently
published in his edition erf Lamb's corre-
spondence :

"DearH., This is Hood's, done from the life,
of Mary getting over a style here. Mary, out of a
pleasant revenge, wants you to get it enyrarfd in
'Table Book' to surprise H., who I know will be

amused with you so doing If you do, send Hood

the number, No. 2, Robert St., Adelphi, and keep
the sketch for me."

In the face of the above testimony.
Lamb's subsequent unblushing ascription
to Romney of the engraving lends weight
to the supposition that the assertion that
the lines were "in the handwriting of
Cowper " was equally fictitious.

S. BUTTEBWOBTH.

MABQUISE DE LA FAYETTE (10 S. vi. 450).
Marie Louise Julie, wife of the 4th Marquis
of La Fayette, was the daughter of Joseph
Yves Thibault Hyacinthe (de la Riviere),
2nd Marquis of La Riviere, by his kins-
woman Julie Louise, elder daughter
and coheir of Charles Yves Thibault (de
la Riviere), 3rd Count of Plaue, &c., G.C.S.L.
Her mother died 7 Oct., 1753, aged 32 ; and
as her brothers were born in 1741 and 1751
respectively, and she herself was married
22 May, 1754, it is probable that she was
born about 1738. La Chenaye des Bois
says of her (xiv. p. 642), " qui a ete pre-
sentee le 28 Fevrier, 1762, par [her aunt]
la Marquise de Lusignan." When she died
I do not know, but your correspondent
might ascertain by writing to M. le Marquis
de Lasteyrie, La Grange, Courpalay, Seine
et Marne, who is descended from a daughter
of the 5th Marquis, and has inherited the
La Fayette seat, La Grange. He under-
stands English. RUVIGNY.

Chertsey.

" MONY A PICKLE MAKS A MICKLE " (10 S.

vi. 388, 456). I imagine that " mickle " or
" meickle " is not pronounced " muckle."

Does not " mickle " or " meickle " usually
indicate quantity, while " muckle " refers
to size ? I think the words are, strictly
speaking, different, and in, at least, parts of
Scotland not used synonymously.

Burns uses both words in his works :
" The muckle devil blaw ye south," " An*
to the muckle house repair," " 'S a muckle
pity." Then with respect to " meickle,"
referring to quantity : " And shook baith
meikle corn and beer," " Mickle wad aye
hae mair " (proverb).

ALFBED CHAS. JONAS.

Thornton Heath.

"THE MAGHZEN" (10 S. vi. 467). MB.
MAYHEW is quite right in taking this to be
merely a variant of the Arabic word makhzan,
pronounced approximately like our surname

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL JAN. 5, 1907.

Moxon. His definition " the Treasury "
is, however, scarcely adequate, as besides
the Treasurer it appears to include the Grand
Vizier, the Ministers of Home and Foreign
Affairs, &c. I should say that " the
Maghzen " is to Morocco much what " the
Porte " is to Turkey. In English the best
equivalent would be " the Government " ;
and just as we can speak of " the Govern-
ment " with either a singular or plural verb,
so we can say either " the Maghzen is " or
"the Maghzen are." In Moroccan Arabic,
as readers of Borrow will remember, a soldier
or gendarme is called a makliazni, which is
an adjective, meaning " governmental."
There is a foot-note in Cunninghame Gra-
ham's book ' Mogreb-el-Acksa ' (1898, p. 82)
which may be quoted in this connexion :

"A tall peaked fez in Morocco is the outward
risible sign of a soldier or man of the Mahksen
Government, from the Arabic word Mahksen,
which is not used in other Arab-speaking countries
in the sense of the Government, but simply as
signifying a 'Store.'"

JAS. PLATT, Jun.

AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (10 S.
vi. 469). The verses referring to " Mario's
voice " occur in Owen Meredith's (Lord
Lytton's) ' The Wanderer,' second edition,
1859, p. 141. I quote the second and third
stanzas :

Of all the Operas that Verdi wrote,
The best to my taste is the ' Trouvatore ' ;

And Mario can soothe with a tenor note
The souls in Purgatory.

The moon on the tower slept soft as snow ;

And who was not thrill'd in the strangest way
As he heard him sing, while the gas burn'd low,

"Non ti scordar di me" ?

EDWARD PEACOCK.
Wickentree House, Kirton-in-Lindsey.

The quotation beginning " There is a
sweetness in autumnal days " is from Sir
Lewis Morris's * The Ode of Age.' This
forms the ninth division of the volume
entitled ' The Ode of Life,' which appeared
in 1880, the poet at the time still writing
anonymously, and describing himself as
" Author of ' The Epic of Hades.' " See
also the collected and acknowledged ' Works '
of 1891, p. 310. THOMAS BAYNE.

[MR. J. B. WAINEWRIGHT also refers to Sir Lewis
Morris. J

"ITO": " ITOLAND " (10 S. vi. 461).
It is very desirable to controvert MR.
BRESLAR'S too enthusiastic laudation of
Mr. Zangwill in particular and his scheme in
general, lest the future student in referring
to these pages should gain a false impression
of their relative importance. It mustj^be

placed on record that the whole movement
is controlled, and solely supported by, the
enthusiasts who would be the last to par-
icipate in the migration and colony-found-
ing, except for administrative purposes.
It has barely been recognized by, and cer-
tainly has not received support from, the
thousands in Russia who are most anxious
to emigrate ; and except the attempt to
establish a colony in Uganda, nothing has
been accomplished. The founding of centres,
enrolment of members, and holding of
periodical meetings for discussion, in various
parts of the United Kingdom, are no
measure of the success of the movement ;.
and there is no actual and active assistance.
The whole movement is, in my opinion,
wrong in conception, and at fault in its
organization and administration.

ALECK ABRAHAMS.
, Hillmarton Road, N.

FOREST OF OXTOWE " (10 S. vi. 450).
This is Huckstow Forest, on the borders of
Upper Heath, in the parish of Wortheiv
partly in Montgomeryshire and partly in>
Shropshire. CHAS. HALL CROUCH.

5, Grove Villas, Wanstead.

BlBLIOTHECA FARMERIANA (10 S. VI. 368).

PROF. MOORE SMITH may like to know that
in my copy of Dr. Farmer's catalogue (for-
merly Dibdin's) the name of the purchaser
of lots 7441 and *7441 is given as Harris.

H. J. B. CLEMENTS.
Killadoon, Celbridge. ,

CARLYLE ON RELIGION (10 S. vi. 470).-
The following occurs in ' Latter-Day Pam-
phlets,' No. VIII. , the theme of which is
' Jesuitism ' :

" Simple souls still clamour occasionally for what
they call 'a new religion.' My friends, you will
not get this new religion of yours ; I perceive you
already have it, have always had it ! All that is
true is your ' religion ' is it not ?"

With this compare the discussion, under
the heading ' Morrison Again,' of " Rituals,
Liturgies," &c., in ' Past and Present/

III. xv.

THOMAS BAYNE.

MYDDELTON FAMILY (10 S. vi. 428).
Elizabeth and Anne Myddelton after their
father Sir Hugh's death lived with their
mother at Bush Hill Park, Edmonton.
Elizabeth, who was baptized at St.Matthew's,.
Friday Street, in October, 1608, married
Wm. Grace, gent., of Edmonton. She
made her will on 20 Oct., 1645, which was
proved on 6 Feb. following, by which she
left her New River share to her husband.
Anne never married ; she was baptized at

10 s. VIL JAN. , 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

the same church as her sister on 13 May,
1610. Her will, wherein she describes herself
as spinster, was dated 23 Oct., 1635, and
proved 9 March, 1635/6. She left her New
River share to her sister Elizabeth, who gave
it to her nephew John, younger son of their
brother Sir William Myddelton, second
baronet. W. M. MYDDELTON.

St. Albaus.

In the ' Notes of the Middleton Family,'
by Mr. W. Buncombe Pink, it is stated that
Elisabeth Middleton was unmarried in 1643,
and that Anne died unmarried in 1635.

RICHARD LAWSON.

Urmston.

ILLUSTRATIONS OF SHAKESPEARE (10 S.
vi. 422). In his most interesting and useful
note on the above subject W. C. B., in the
sixth paragraph from the end, writes : "In

' S'too Him Bayes ' we find ' He crys

out like king Harry in Shakespear, My
conscience, My conscience !.' " and indicates
that this is to be found in ' K. Hen. VIII.,'
II. iv.

The following are the references to con-
science :

This res] dte shook

The bosom of my conscience. LI. 179-80.
. Thus hulling in

The wild sea of my conscience, I did steer

Toward this remedy. LI. 197-9.

I meant to rectify my conscience, which

I then did feel full sick. LI. 201-2.
None of the above quotations seems to be
quite applicable. I venture to suggest
that the passage referred to is to be found
earlier in the play, Act II. ii. 143 :

Conscience, Conscience !

O ! 'tis a tender place

S. BUTTERWORTH.

ANDRE : INGLIS : DOWNIE : BARCLAY :
KEMPT (10 S. vi. 387). T would suggest that
MR. McCoRD write to Mrs. Sarcelles Andre,
Hurst Road, Horsham, for information re
Major John Andre. The late Mr. Lewis
Andre, F.S.A., a correspondent of ' N. & Q.,'
died 9 Aug., 1901, at Horsham. He was a
great-grandson of John Lewis Andre, uncle
of the unfortunate major. See a note of
mine at 9 S. viii. 216.

CHAS. HALL CROUCH.
5, Grove Villas, Wanstead.

GEORGE ELIOT AND DICKENS (10 S. vi.
449). Why should George Eliot have been
indebted to Dickens for the absurdity of
Mr. Trumbull's remark ? Mrs. Malaprop is
of long descent, and coincidence of thought
among humourists must date from the Stone
Age. Moreover, in the eighteenth century

" chastity " was used to denote purity of
style and the like, in cases where people-
might now prefer " chasteness," and the
habit lingered into the nineteenth.

ST. SWITHIN.

ST. GEORGE'S CHAPEL YARD, OXFORD-
ROAD (10 S. vi. 469). This must surely be
the old St. George's burial ground in the-
Bayswater Road, near the Marble Arch.

E. W. B.

St. George's Chapel Yard, i.e., the grave-
yard of St. George's Hanover Square, is in>
the Bayswater Road, a little to the west of
the Marble Arch. It contains the graves
of several eminent persons. The mortuary
chapel was recently beautifully restored and
embellished at the expense of Mr. Russell'
Gurney. S. D. C.

OSCAR WILDE BIBLIOGRAPHY (10 S. iv.
266 ; v. 12, 133, 176, 238, 313, 355 ; vi. 296).
In my Bibliography in Mr. Sherard's
' Life of Oscar Wilde ' I expressed a doubt
as to the genuineness of ' The Rise of His-
torical Criticism.' I have, however, quite
recently learned that the original manuscript
of this work is in the possession of a collector
in Philadelphia, and I have no longer any
doubt as to the authenticity of this early
essay of Wilde's. STUART MASON.

Shelley House, Oxford.

RICHARD HUMPHRIES, THE PRIZEFIGHTER
(10 S. vi. 388). An account of Richard
Humphries (not Humphreys) is given in.
' Pugilistica : being One Hundred and
Forty-Four Years of the History of British
Boxing,' by Henry Downes Miles (London,.
Weldon & Co., no date : I bought my copy
(new in 1 88 1 ), vol. i . p. 84 . He was popularly
called " The Gentleman Boxer." " His
manners were conciliatory, and he endea-
voured through life to enact the gentleman.'*
He " lived for many years after their
[Humphries and Daniel Mendoza's] last
contest [29 September, 1790], and died in
respectable circumstances, his calling being
that of a coal-merchant in the Adelphi,
Strand." The dates of (presumably) his
fighting time are 1784-90.

A plate, " to face p. 75," represents the
third fight between Mendoza and Humphries,
referred to above, which took place at Don-
caster. In the title of the plate Humphries
is called George instead of Richard, ani
obvious error. ROBERT PIERPOINT.

MONKEYS STEALING FROM A PEDLAR (10
S. vi. 448). In a manuscript of the four-
teenth century (MS. Reg. 10 E. IV.) a tra-

NOTES AND QUERIES. no s. VIL JAN. 5, 1907.

veller is represented as taking his repose
under a tree. In the cut, which is repro-
duced in Wright's ' Domestic Manners and
Sentiments of the Middle Ages,' 1862, p. 326,
it is perhaps intended to be understood that
the traveller is passing the night in a wood,
while he is plundered by robbers, who are
jokingly represented in the form of monkeys.
While one is emptying his " male " or box,
the other is carrying off his girdle, with the
large pouch attached to it, in which, no
doubt, says the author of that valuable work,
the traveller carried his money, and perhaps
'his eatables (p. 327).

J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.

WALTON, LANCASHIRE (10 S. vi. 450).
Walton-on-the-Hill is a church of pre-
Norman foundation, built near the banks
of the Mersey, and is the mother Church
of the whole of the Liverpool district.

Walton-le-Dale Church is also of ancient
foundation. It stands on the banks of the
Ribble, about two miles to the east of
Preston.

I see that in the ' Dictionary of National
Biography ' the life is given of Thomas
Warton, Professor of Poetry at Oxford
(1688 [?]-1745).

In Lancashire there is a village of Warton
seven miles north of Lancaster ; another
eight miles west of Preston.

HENBY TAYLOR.

Birklands, Southport.

WEST INDIAN MILITARY RECORDS (10
:S. vi. 428, 476). MR. STAPLETON has not
mistaken II (two) for 11 (eleven), as sur-
mised by MR. COCKLE. The llth West
India Regiment was formed in or about
1795, and disbanded in 1802, after the Peace
of Amiens. Prior to 1795 there were a num-
ber of colonial corps of negroes serving in
-the West Indies ; but although some of
these were in the pay of the Home Govern-
ment, the officers' names did not appear in
'the ' Army List,' neither were their appoint-
ments given in The London Gazette. In 1795
'the mortality amongst the English troops
then serving in the Antilles was so great
that the Government of the day decided
-to replace them, as far as possible, with
natives, who could better stand the climate,
and twdvz West India Regiments were
iformed from the semi-official black corps
between 1795 and 1800. At the Peace of
Amiens the 9th, 10th, llth, and 12th West
India Regiments were disbanded, leaving
eight of these regiments, which served
some abroad until after the general peace ;
-then, between 1815 and 1825, six more regi-

ments (the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th
West India Regiments) were disbanded.
A 3rd Regiment was again formed in 1840,
and a 4th and a 5th West India Regiment
after the Russian War ; but they were
subsequently disbanded, the 1st and 2nd
West India Regiments only remaining, and
these form the 1st and 2nd Battalions of
the present West India Regiment. The
1st Battalion was originally the Carolina
Black Corps ; subsequently Malcolm's
Black Rangers, from Lieut. Malcolm, of the
41st Regiment, who picked and trained the
men from the old black corps in 1795, and
on 2 May in that year they were drafted
into Major-General Whyte's Regiment of
Foot, the 1st West India Regiment. The
2nd Battalion was originally one of the
corps of negroes paid by the Imperial Govern-
ment, and was known as the St. Vincent's
Black Rangers. In 1797 it became the 2nd
West India Regiment, Brigadier-General
Myers being its colonel.

I am indebted for most of these facts to
the excellent summary of the history of the
West India Regiment appearing in the
* Records and Badges of the British Army,'
by Mr. H. M. Chich ester, and Major Burges-
Short, published by Clowes in 1895. Major
Ellis wrote 'A History of the First West
India Regiment,' which was published in
1885 by Chapman & Hall, and is repeatedly
referred to in ' Records and Badges.'

G. YARROW BALDOCK, Major.

" QUAPLADDE " (10 S. vi. 429). Does the
phrase in which the word occurs allow It to
be read as a place-name ? If so, it means
Whaplode, in Lincolnshire. The Domesday
spelling is Quappelode (see ' Murray's Hand-
book for Lincolnshire,' 1890, p. '129), but
the orthography varied during the Middle
Ages. When the modern form succeeded
in ousting other variants seems uncertain.

M. P.

MR. WILLIAMS does not mention where he
has seen this word. It occurs in the form
of Whaplode, Lincolnshire, and is spelt
Cappelade in the well-known charter of
Peterborough. I have hitherto failed to
find any analogous word or name.

EDWARD SMITH.

The context in which this word appears
is not quoted. If it be a place-name, it is
probably one of the many spellings of Whap-
lode, in Lincolnshire. ALFRED WELBY.

" POOR DOG TRAY " : ' OLD DOG TRAY '
(10 S. vi. 470, 494). I learned some fifty
years ago the song ' Old Dog Tray,' of which

10 s. vii. JAN. 5, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

MB. HEMS supplies the chorus. The song
was very popular with the street boy of the
i period, and the chorus was the subject ol
much parody. I give the first and, I think,
last verses :

The morn of life is past,

And evening conies at last ;

It brings me a dream

Of a once happy day,

Of many forms I've seen,

Upon the village green,

Sporting with my old Dog Tray.
Chorus Old Dog Tray 's ever faithful, &c.

The forms I called my own

Have vanished one by one ;

The loved ones, the dear ones,

Have all passed away.

Their happy smiles are flown,

Their gentle voices gone ;

I 've nothing left but old Dog Tray.
Chorus Old Dog Tray 's ever faithful, &c.

A. W.
Wigan.

MABOH 25 AS NEW YBAB'S DAY (10 S.
vi. 368, 431, 471). Notwithstanding the
opening words of 24 Geo. II., c. 23, " Whereas
iihe legal supputation of the year of our
Lord in .... England, according to which
the year beginneth on the 25th day of
March," I think it may be difficult to adduce
any authority for the making of that day
and month the beginning of the legal year.
Coke (2 'Inst.,' fol. 675) says: "The day
of the moneth, year of our Lord, and year
of the king's reign, are the usual dates of
deeda." In some ' Reports of Cases ' for
the first three years of Charles I. there is a
note to " Johnson's Case " : " Doderidge
dit, * Que en volunts le ecclesiastical ley
prist notice solement del Anno Dom. mes
commun ley del Anno Regis.' " Both
Pepys and Evelyn, in their respective
diaries, constantly allude to 1 January as
New Year's Day. All the above italics are
mine. MISTLETOE.

AUSONE DE CHANCEL (10 S. vi. 166, 216,
233, 335). At the last reference MR.
LATHAM was somewhat sceptical as to the
existence of a letter from Leon de Monte-
na.eken, which I said at p. 234 had been
printed in The Literary World. That paper
used to appear weekly, but itis nowa monthly,
and the number for December lies before me.
After vainly turning over my papers, among
which I thought I should find a copy of the
Belgian poet's letter, I wrote to the Editor
of The Literary World, who has, with great
kindness, sent me an exact transcript of
the original, which is of a much later date
-than I had thought. It appeared with some

slight omissions in the number for 3 June,
1904, under the editorial title of ' The Real
Thing.' I propose to give the very words
of the letter, because MB. LATHAM said, " I
should and so would other readers of
'N. & Q.' like to read it." I hope our
Editor will permit me to gratify such a
laudable curiosity :

Villa Leona, Sevilla, May 27, 1904.
To the Editor of The Literary World.
DEAR SIR, \Vhen in your number of the
13th inst. you attributed a poem of mine to Alfred
de Musset, I had no reason to complain, but, when
in the following number, dated May 20th, you
allow others to publish, as my poem, a piece which,
although, at first sight, only slightly different, in
my opinion is quite another thing, I must state that
my verses were written as follows, and only thus :
Peu de Chose et Presque Trop.
La vie est vaine :
Un peu d'amour,
Un peu de haine
Et puis bonjour !

La vie est breve :
Un peu d'espoir,
Un peu de reve
Et puis bonsoir !

La vie est telle
Que Dieu la fit ;
Et, telle quelle,
Elle sufiit !
My own English translation of same reads thus I

Nought and Too Much.
(To Mrs. Mary F. Johnston.)
Life is but play :
A throb, a tear ;
A sob, a sneer
And then good day !

Life is but jest :
A dream, a doom ;
A gleam, a gloom
And then good rest !

Life is but such
As wrought God's will ;
'Tis nought, and still
'Tis oft too much !

As to Dyer's quatrain in ' Grongar Hill,' n closer
curious resemblance to it, than my poem, may,
perhaps, be remarked in the following lines ot

A little stout, a little ale,
A sandwich sometimes stale
Is all the critic, poor sinner,
Gets between breakfast and dinner.
I am, dear Sir, yours truly,

LEON DE MONTEXAEKEN.

I have noiw given the author's own text of
the lines w th his English translation, which
I had completely forgotten. Whether they
may be called poetry, either in French or
English, is a matter for each one's judgment ;
but I am convinced that they have not a
spark of the poetic fire that burns in every

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL JAN. 3, 1907:

word of the following passage, wliich treats
of the same subject :

Stop and consider ! Life is but a day ;
A fragile dewdrop on its perilous way
Prom a tree's summit ; a poor Indian's sleep
While his boat hastens to the monstrous steep
Of Montmorenci. Why so sad a moan ?
Life is the rose's hope while yet unblown,
The reading of an ever-changing tale ;
The light uplifting of a maiden's veil ;
A pigeon tumbling in clear summer air ;
A laughing schoolboy without grief or care,
Riding the springy branches of an elm.

JOHN T. CUBBY.

A KNIGHTHOOD OF 1603 (10 S. vi. 181, 257,
474). At the last reference "the descend-
ants of the knight of 1603 " are alluded to
as if existing, wliich apparently is not the
ease. The only recorded offspring of the
said Sir German Pole (d. 1634) was a son and
successor, German Pole, Esq., who married,
17 Dec., 1650, Anne Newdigate, as stated,
but d.s.p. 1683, having settled his estates
upon his cousin and heir male Samuel Pole,
Esq., from whom descends the present family
of Chandos-Pole of Radbourne. Burke's
' Landed Gentry ' shows this, and that the
said Samuel Pole (d. 1731) had a daughter
Millicent, who married, 1 May, 1711, Francis
Newdigate.

MR. STAPLETON, perhaps following the
account of Newdigate of Arbury in Burke's
* L. G./ speaks of " Millicent, daughter of
German Pole, Esq., of Radbourne, co.
Derby,"' which contradiction is doubtless
an error. Francis Newdigate, son of the
aforesaid Francis and Millicent, married
his first cousin Elizabeth, daughter of Lieut. -
General Edward Pole (third, son of the
aforesaid Samuel), and d.s.p. ; his wife
was not " daughter of German Pole, Esq.,"
as stated by MB. STAPLETON.

Though the aforesaid Samuel Pole had a
son and successor German Pole (d. 1765),
who had an only son German, who d.v.p.
unmarried, 1763, and two daughters, Anne
and Mary, neither married a Newdigate.

German Pole (d. 1765), of Radbourne,
Esq., was. succeeded by his nephew, Col.
Edward Sacheverell Pole, brother to Eliza-
beth, who had married the younger (afore-
said) Francis Newdigate.

R. E. E. CHAMBERS.

Pill House, Bishop's Tawton, Barnstaple.

DOLE CUPBOARDS (10 S. vi. 429). The
mediaeval cupboard was literally a cup-
boardthat, in fact, which we understand
to-day by a "sideboard." Sometimes it
let down outwardly from a recess in the wall.
Of this sort of cupboard there is said to be

an example in the cells of the Carthusians
at Florence, where a door, when opened,
allows it to fall down outside the recess
and form a table. (See 'The Diet, of
Archit.,' vol. ii. p. 174; and Parker's
' Glossary of Terms,' 1850, p. 156.)

The dole cupboard was probably more
especially an appurtenance of the monastery,
since the dole (pain d'aumosne) in secular
life was generally confined to the funerals
of the rich, who would not consequently
need a cupboard in constant use. At
Lambeth thirty poor persons were relieved
by an alms called the Dole, which was given
three times a week, to ten persons at a
time, alternately each person then receiv-
ing upwards of two pounds of beef, a pitcher
of broth, a half-quartern loaf, and twopence.
Besides this dole, there were always, on the
days it was given, at least thirty other
pitchers, called " By-pitchers," brought by
other neighbouring poor, who partook of
the remaining broth, and the broken victuals
at that time distributed. And so late at
least as 1767 at Queen's College, Oxford,
provisions were frequently distributed to
the poor, at the door of the hall, under the
denomination of a '' dole." (See 'Anglo-
Norman Antiquities considered in a Tour
through Part of Normandy,' by Dr. Ducarel
(? 1767), p. 81.

At the Benedictine abbey of Fecamp the
monks were obliged, by the rules of the
house, to give daily a large quantity of bread
and meat to every poor person who applied
for it, except between the first day of August
and the first day of September, when the
poor were supposed to be employed in the
harvest.

The funeral dole of the secular rich was
known as the " dead dole," and was neces-
sarily of only occasional distribution, a
circumstance arguing, but only presumably,
that dole cupboards were indispensable only
where charity was administered in a fre-
quent and regular way. They would thus
afford accommodation for provisions such
as bread, &c., additional to that of thebuttery.
Dole beer, however, to judge from a passage
in Ben Jonson's ' Alchemist ' (I. i.), was-
kept in the buttery :

I know you were one could keep
The butt'ry hatch still lock'd, and save the chip-
pings,
Sell the dole beer to aqua-vitae men.

J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.

I have no knowledge on the subject, but
imagine that dole cupboards would be cup-
boards fixed up in churches to hold the
bread loaves that were distributed as doles

10 s. vii. JAN. 3, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

rafter the service. I rather think that

have seen such a cupboard in use, but
cannot remember where. J. T. F.

Durham.

Dole cupboards were used for keeping
charity loaves. Two may be seen in
St. Albans Abbey. A. S. LEWIS.

Library, Constitutional Club.

SANTA FE : AMERICAN PLACE-NAME
(10 S. vi. 310, 353, 394, 452). Faneuil Hal
An Boston is not pronounced " Funnel,'
as stated by MB. PLATT at the second refer
'ence, except by a small and decreasing
Temnant of the old families (Wendel
Phillips used to roll it on his tongue witl
great unction), and by those who adopt their
hall-marks of tenacious special locutions for
business or personal reasons. It never hac
any excuse in the Faneuil family's own usage,
that I know of, and " Fan-u-il " is now
; almost universal. " Arkansaw " is the legal
pronunciation, by enactment of the Arkansas
legislature the r of course silent in Southern
usage, and the sounds thus quite accurately
representing the original and correct name
of the "Akansa" tribe. " Arkanzas " is
merely ridiculous, widely as it is used, being
the pronunciation of French letters in English
fashion, to give sounds they were never in-
tended for. In French use they made
" Ahkansaw," as they should. The English
misuse is exactly like the comic pronuncia-
tion of " Esquimaux " as " Eskwimawks " ;
or the absurd ' Century Dictionary ' pro-
nunciation of the Vancouver's Island dry-
dock station, Esquimalt, as " Eskwimault,"
instead of the local " Squimo " it being,
in fact, the same word as " Esquimaux,"
now universal in English as " Eskimo."

The French of course used ou to represent
the same sound as our w, and ch for our sh.
In general the English form lias been sub-
stituted in America, as Wabash (" Waw'-
bash") for Ouabache ; but sometimes they
exist peaceably side by side, as in Ouachita
and Washita. Even here the English form
gains ground. The misleading of the
English tongue by the ch is shown in the
occasional use of " Mitcliigan " instead of
" Mishigan " for Michigan. Some thirteen
years ago a writer in The Saturday Review
sneered at the Americans as a people " who
pronounce the name of their great city
* She-cah-go ' " : I have never been able
to guess what the writer would have us say
perhaps " Tchic-a-go," sometimes heard
on that side of the water. Of course She-
cahgo or Shecawgo is correct. The difference
betewen ah and aw in these names is not

one between good and bad usage, either
way, the good being often evenly divided.

Incidentally, I was once severely taken
to task by an Englishman for saying " Con-
netticut." My trivial excuse that it was.
correct, and there never had been any other
pronunciation, was not admitted: "he in-
sisted that it should be " Connecticut," as
spelled. I might have cited Kotlierhithe
and Cirencester, but a tu quoque is useless,
The truth is, our forefathers had two things
to do with the unpronounceable Indian
guttural in " Quonnaghtekut " ; to write
it and to pronounce it. Like sensible and
illogical Englishmen, they did not allow
one to interfere with the other. For the
written form, they used the handiest avail-
able guttural ; in pronunciation they dropped
it altogether. But the former comes no
nearer to the original sound than the latter.

No single rule can be formulated for the
acceptance of local pronunciations as final
authorities ; they may represent a cultivated
choice which finally determines usage, or
mere ignorant, slovenly corruptions which
carry no weight though in the latter case
the inhabitants of course take all the more
pride in them as part of their superior local
knowledge, and scorn the " tenderfeet "
proportionately for using more accurate
ones. Of this sort are a great number of the
local pronunciations of Spanish name* in
the South West, many of which ar^ of the
same " stripe " as " Iky on pad." Whether
the current " Loss Angheless " will win out
cannot, perhaps, yet be told; but " Naki-
iosh " for Natchitoches has done so. More
jastwardly, " Terry Hut " for Terre Haute,
' Skinny Atlas " for Skaneateles, and the
lot unheard " Porchmouth " for Ports-
nouth, are of course only vulgarisms.
k Glos-es-ter " and " Wors-es-ter," though
sometimes used by anxiously pedantic
people who fall into the slough on the other
ide (the former actually sanctioned by a
Boston city council and embodied in the
lame of a street), are not common nor
preading. (The curious form " Glockster "
las been heard apparently an effort to
>ronounce from the spelling, in conviction
hat the clipped " Gloster " must be wrong.)
3ut " -wich " is witch almost universally ;
nor can I see why this restoration of his-
orical form, through following the spelling.
s not a good thing. It is curious that so
nany of those who object to the " reformed w
pelling as obliterating etymology should
t the same time be full of scorn for " Nor-
atch " and " Green-witch " in place of
Xorridge " and " Grinidge," where th

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL JAN. 5, 1907.

English localism obliterates the etymology,
and the American localism restores it. It
would seem to indicate that the objection
is really to something new rather than some-
thing bad. I say this the more cheerfully
as not a champion of the spelling movement.

FORREST MORGAN.
Hartford, Conn.

COURTESY TITLES AND REMARRIAGE (10
S. vi. 209, 374, 472). In answer to GENEA-
LOGIST I beg to say I have referred to my
reply at p. 374, and at once saw the blunder
which has occasioned his query. I fear
I wrote hurriedly at the moment, and
apologize. The context should of course
run as follows: "The lady on remarriage
should drop her first husband's name and
title, and accept her second husband's
position." To attempt to retain the first
husband's courtesy title of " Honourable "
with her second husband's surname added
is the absurd innovation that I wish to
inveigh against. I know, however, of two
cases in, which it has been done one of
which I 'alluded to in my previous reply.
With peeresses and " dames " it is a different
matter, but it is to courtesy titles that I
particularly referred. CROSS-CROSSLET.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.

The Dramatic Works of Richard Brinsley Sheridan.

With an Introduction by Joseph Knight and 15

Illustrations. (Frowde.)

IT is pleasant to welcome in an Oxford edition the
dramatic works of Sheridan. The special feature
in the present handsome and convenient reprint
consists of the illustrations, which are numerous
and well selected. These comprise a fine portrait
from a crayon drawing by John Russell, a second
from Sir Joshua of Mrs. Sheridan as St. Cecilia,
and a third of David Garrick. Actors in characters
by Sheridan are T. Cooke as Carlos, Miss Chester as
Lady Teazle, Mr. Terry as Sir Fretful Plagiary, Mr.
Brown as Lord Foppington, Mrs. Siddons as Elvira,
and Kemble as Rollo. Facsimilies of Sheridan's
writing and one of a playbill announcing the fourth
performance of ' The School for Scandal,' with
views in Bath, Scarborough, and Seville, add to the
attractions of a readable volume, which is further
enriched by some valuable notes and a table of
the principal dates in the life of the dramatist.

s Peerage, Baronetcy, and Knightage of Great
Britain and Ireland for 1907. (Whittaker & Co.)

FOR practical purposes of reference Dod's work,
with its admirably condensed and well-arranged
contents, its shape at once handsome and con-
venient, and its long - standing authority the
present is its sixty-seventh year of publication is
unsurpassed among works of its kind. Especially
serviceable and easy of use is the portion devoted

to the sons and daughters of peers bearing courtesy
titles. As a guide, indeed, to the titled classes of
to-day it distances in simplicity and facility of use
all competitors.

The Clergy Directory and Parish Guide. (J. S.

Phillips.)

THIS best and most trustworthy guide to the clergy
reaches its thirty-seventh annual issue, and com-
prises the changes in diocese effected by the recent
Act of Parliament for the foundation of the new
sees of Southwark and Birmingham. All the
customary features are preserved, including an
alphabetical list of the clergy, with dates, qualifica-
tion, order, and appointment ; a list of parishes and
parochial districts, giving diocese, population, &c. ;.
the diocesan and cathedral establishments, the
dignitaries of the Irish, Scottish, and colonial
churches ; and a list of societies, charitable, educa-
tional, and missionary, connected with the Estab-
lished Church.

The Literary Year- Book and Bookman's Director}/,.

1907. ( Routledge & Sons. )

THE eleventh annual volume of this useful and
happily named work appears with the beginning of
the new year. In the variety of the subjects with
which it deals it differs from and surpasses most
kindred publications. It is now for the first time
the organ for the publication of the returns for the
public libraries, the work of which it undertakes
with the assistance of the Council of the Library
Association. In place of the 'Index to Current
Literature' which was a feature in the two pre-
vious issues is given a full bibliography of George
Meredith, which constitutes a separate and con*
eluding portion.

An Almanack for the Year 1907. By Joseph

Whitaker, F.S.A. (Whitaker & Sons.)
AMONG the books of reference which are generally
readiest to the hand and most frequently and re-
muneratively consulted, 'Whitaker's Almanack 3
holds, by universal consent, a conspicuous position..
Of it may almost be said, as of the great university
don, that its foible is omniscience, and that, includ-
ing the Supplement, it tells all concerning this and
foreign countries that the ordinary man seeks to'
know. Among novelties introduced into the
present issue are treatises on army reform and the
growth in London of travelling facilities, together
with an epitomized account of the British military
system.

Whitaker's Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage, and
Companionage for the Year 1907. (Whitaker &
Sons.)

AMONG works of its class ' Whitaker's Peerage *'
counts as the cheapest and not the least trust-
worthy. The arrangement, which is alphabetical,,
facilitates reference.

"THE MUSES' LIBRARY" of Messrs. Routledge
has been enriched with The Poem* of Thomax Love-
Peacock, edited by Brimley Johnson. These in a
complete form are first brought together and sym-
pathetically introduced in this little volume, "the-
size, price, and pictures of which are out of all pro-
portion with its worth. To the same series have
been added Roundell Palmer's (Lord Selborne's)
Book of Praise and Thomson's Season* and Castle of
Indolence, and other PoemK, in two volumes, form-
ing together Thomson's complete poetical works.

10 s. VIL JAN. 3, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

MB. ARTHUR HALL. The Times of Saturday last
contained an announcement of the death on 27 De-
cember of Mr. Arthur Hall, at the advanced age of
eighty-three. He was for a considerable time in
business in Paternoster Row, but retired about
twenty years ago. He was a frequent contributor
to 'N. & Q.' both under his own name and the
initials A. H., as may be seen on reference to the
long lists of his articles in the General Index to
the Ninth Series.

BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES.

WE cannot begin our rambles among the old book
stores without wishing our friends a prosperous
new year. The past year has not been a bad one,
and with the revival of trade we may look for yet
better results. We are glad to know from a friend
of large experience that early printed books and
lirst editions of great writers continue to keep up
in price. The early books of Tennyson are ex-
amples of this, but those later than ' The Princess '
in 1847 were printed in such large editions that they
are not likely to become scarce. We should much
like to see the first editions of Macaulay's ' England'
more sought after, and hope they will appreciate
in price.

Mr. B. H. Blackwell, of Oxford, sends us his
Catalogue CXV. The larger portion is devoted to
Philology, but the supplemental list should be
looked at by all fond of choice bindings, for it
contains a few of those for which the Oxford Press
obtained the " Grand Prix " at the Paris Exhibi-
tion of 1900.

Mr. Thomas Carver, of Hereford, has in his
List 47 ' yEsop's Fables,' edited by L'Estrange, 25*.
(contains book-plate of David Garrick) ; ' Dryden's
Fables,' Bensley, 1797, K. 7*. 6d. ; Lubbock's Hun-
dred Best Books, 11. 10*. ; Schoolcraft's ' Indian
Tribes of the United States,' Philadelphia, 1851,
21. 10*. ; first edition of ' Gulliver,' 1726, 31. &*. ;
Edition de Luxe of Armstrong's ' Turner,' Agnew,
1902, }0(. 10*. : another copy, ordinary edition, 5/. ;
Maurice's ' Indian Antiquities,' 7 vols., 1794, 20*. ;
and Hamilton's 'French Book-Plates,' 30s. In a
long list under Hereford there is a choice set of
Wathen's views of the Cathedral in ruins, 1786,
51. 5*. These include the view of the west tower
and front taken just before its fall, 17 April (Easter
Monday), 1786.

Messrs. Drayton & Sons send vis from Exeter
Catalogue 183, which contains some beautiful works
tinder Art. These include ' Chinese Hand-coloured
Paintings,' 2 vols., folio, 1850,63*.; Hayley's 'Life
of Romney,' 1809, 61. 6s.; Lord Ronald Gower's
' Sir Thomas Lawrence,' 94*. 6d. ; and Mason's
'Josephine,' Goupil, 30*. There are first editions
of Ainsworth's 'Tower of London,' 50*., and
' Windsor Castle,' 35*. ; of Jane Austen's ' North-
anger Abbey,' and 'Persuasion,' 4 vols., 2. 15*.
(wants one half - title page) ; and of ' Nicholas
Nickleby,' 25*. Other items are the "Author's
Favourite Edition" (48 vols.) of the Waverley
Novels, 31. 15*.; and the "Memorial Edition" of
Bewick, 52*. 6d.

Mr. Francis Edwards's Catalogue 287 contains
the Royal Asiatic Society's Journal, 38 vols., 18f.j
Moxon's edition of Beaumont and Fletcher, 11 vols.,
9/. 9*. ; first editions of Charlotte Bronte's ' Pro-
fessor,' 3 vols., 1857, 30*. ; 'Shirley,' 3 vols., 1849,

30*.; and 'Villette,' 3 vols., 1853, 20*.; the original
edition of Burton's ' Arabian Nights,' 16 vols., 30/.;
' Corot and his Work,' by Hamel, 3/. (only twenty
copies of this edition remain out of 200) ; Dickens's
Christmas books, 5 vols., all first editions except
the ' Carol,' 4/. 4*.; Harding's ' Biographical Mirror,'
brilliant impressions of the portraits, 1795-1802,.
14/. 10*. ; and The London Gazette, 1848 - 1900,
222 vols., 30?. Under London we find Maitland

8/.; Walter Pater's Works, first edition, 91.; and a
complete set of The Portfolio, 1870-93, 24 vols., 12/.
There is a rare book, the life of Roger Crab, ' The
English Hermite, or Wonder of this Age.' He sold
a considerable estate to give to the " Poore," show-
ing his reasons from Scripture. He counted it a
sin against " his body and soule to eate any sort of
Flesh, Fish, or living creature." The book has a
portrait, and contains 15 pages, small 4to, boards, .
1655, 4/. 4*.

Messrs. E. George & Sons' Catalogue 44 is devoted"
to Natural History and kindred subjects. We find
Westwood's ' Moths,' 3/. ; several early editions of
Bewick's ' Quadrupeds ' ; Harvey's ' British Sea-
weeds,' &. 15*.; Seebohm's ' British Birds,' 61. 10*.;
Yarrell's ' Birds,' 4/. 4*., &c.

Mr. George Gregory, of Bath, includes in his
List 175 Alken's ' Military Occurrences,' 1820, 30/.;
Mrs. Williamson's ' Book of Beauty,' 1896, 65*. ;
Bryan's 'Painters,' 90*.; Time* edition of 'The
Encyclopaedia Britannica,' with revolving book-
case, 16?. ; Sloane's ' Life of Napoleon,' 4 vols.,
40*. ; and Punch 1841 - 1902, a choice set of the
original issue, half-calf, 25/. Under Somerset is
much of interest. There are reproductions of
engravings by John Raphael Smith.

Mr. William Hitchman, of Bristol, has in Cata-
logue 43 Mortimer's ' Burial Mounds of East York-
shire,' 21. 2*.; ' Bartolozzi,' by Andrew Tuer, 31. 3*.r
Jasper's 'Birds of North America,' 31. 3*.; Walter
Crane's ' Faerie Queene,' 31. 7*. 6d. ; Pooley's ' Old
Stone Crosses of Somerset,' 25*.; Pugh's 'Cambria
Depitca,' 1816, 4/. 10*. ; ' Rubens,' by Max Rooses,
2 vols., 4to, 1904, 21. 10*.; and Howell and Cobbett's
'State Trials,' 14Z. 14s.

Mr. Edward Ho well's Liverpool Catalogue 156
has in the original boards, uncut, ' Pictures repre-
senting the Early Period of the French Revolution,'
12 large portraits, imperial folio, Paris, 1803, 51. 5*.
Under America we note Barnard's ' History of Eng-
land,' folio, 1782, 3/. (the prints in fine condition,
including Corriwallis's surrender to Washington),
and a good sound copy of Esquemeling's ' History
of the Buccaneers of America,' with 25 plates, in-
cluding the rare portrait of Sir Henry Morgan
London, 1699, 5/. 18*. John Marshall's 'Life of
Washington,' 5vols.,4to, extra-illustrated, London,
1824, is 20/. Under Bacon is Pickering's edition,
17 vols., calf, 10/. 15*. ; also Pope's own copy of the
'Advancement of Learning.' with the inscription
on back of portrait, " The Lord Bacon's Advance-
ment of Learning. Exlibris Alex. Pope. Ver. 3."
Other items include Dorat's ' La Declamation
Theatrale ' (this copy of a very rare book is superbly
bound), Paris, 1766, 101.; Rogers's ' Poems,' Moxon,
1838, 20^. (this is extra-illustrated with duplicate
set of India proofs, and the binding probably cost
357.) ; ' Encyclopaedia Britannica,' 14/. (" Times net

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. vn. JAN. 5, 1907.

price for this is 38/.") ; and a first edition of the
* Greville Memoirs,' with the suppressed passages,
If. 10*. There are long lists under Napoleon,
French Revolution, and Lancashire.

Mr. George P. Johnston, of Edinburgh, includes
in his Catalogue 81 many interesting Scottish books.
We note a few items : ' A List of the Adventures in
the Bank of Scotland,' 1704 and various years to
1778, also the proprietors in the stock in 1817, 63*. ;
4 Poems by Drummond of Hawthoniden,' first issue,
1656, 16/. ; Leightpn's ' Appeal to the Parliament,
or Sion's Plea against the Prelacy,' 15*. No date is
given. The author was the father of the Arch-
bishop of Glasgow, and for publishing this book he
was whipped, pilloried, had his nose slit, ears cut
off, was branded " S. S." (sower of sedition), fined
10,000/., and sentenced to perpetual imprisonment.
He was released in 1640 by the Long Parliament,
but died insane not long after. There are a number
of works under Witchcraft. Among general items
are some of Pickering's beautiful "Diamond
Classics," including Dante, Catullus, Cicero, &c.

Herr Georg Lissa sends from Berlin his Cata-
logue 42, mostly devoted to German literature,
containing items iinder Afrika, Amerika, Faust,
Goethe, Schiller, &c. Among French works is the
4 Galerie Lithographiee ' of the Duke of Orleans.

Mr. James Roche's Catalogue 151 has a volume
containing interesting tracts, &c., one being 'The
Case and Memoirs of the Rev. James Hackman and
of his Acquaintance with Miss Martha Reay,'
with portrait, II. 5*. M. ; The Monthly Mirror,
11 vols., I/. 18*. 6rf. ; Clouet's 'Three Hundred
French Portraits,' 2 vols., folio, 1875, 3/. 15*. ;
Upham's ' History of Buddhism,' 1829, 31. 10*. ;
'Dramatic Recollections,' by N. S. R., 13 plates of
Macready, 2 parts folio, 1838-9 ("no reference to
their publication in any biography "), I/. 10*. ;
A'Beckett's 'Comic History of England,' 2 vols.,
and 'Comic History of Rome,' 1847, 31. 18*. 6d. ;

SamuelButler,' 4 vols., royal 8vo, 1819-27, 31-. 18*. &/.;
Daniell's ' Oriental Scenery,' 1812-16, '21. 5*. ; and a
long list under India and the East.

Messrs. Sotheran & Co.'s Price Current 668 is full
of valuable items. We note a few : Bancroft's
' Historical Works on Western American Origins,'
39 vols., San Francisco, 1883-93, 19/. ; and the rare
edition of Dante, 1477, 42/. (the fifteen leaves some-
times found, containing the life by Boccaccio, are
not in this copy). Another excessively rare book is
the first edition of ' The Golden Legend,' printed
wholly by Wynkyn de Worde, 1498 (title and some
leaves missing), 75f. It has the very rare woodcut
of the Annunciation and the Crucifixion. Match-
less copies on large paper of Dibdin's ' Decameron,'
. and 'Picturesque Tour,' first editions, 6 vols.,
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THE BIBLE IN WALES.

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LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 12, 1906.

CONTENTS. No. 159.
NOTES : Orwell Town and Haven, 21 "Shall Trelawny
Die?" 23 King's 'Classical and Foreign Quotations,' 24
-"Buskin" Pennell's 'Life of Leland ' Washington
Pedigree, 25 Cambridge Booksellers and Printers The
Scots Greys and Grey Horses Holed-Stone Folk-lore :
" Night - hags " Parish Registers: Curious Entries, 26

Major Hamill of Capri Edward IV. 's Wooing at
Graf ton, 27.

QUERIES : John Newbery's Grave Palimpsest Brass
Inscriptions, 27 Goulton Brass Wordsworth's Primrose
Mrs. Moore's ' Modern Pilgrim's Progress ' Godfery
Vining Family, 28 "Posui Deum adjutorem meum"
Be wickiana Towns unlucky for Kings "King Copin" :
"St. Cpppin" Kennedy Family and Maryland "Bone
Deus" in Epitaphs" Eslyngton" : Islington Jerusalem
Court, Fleet Street Reynolds's Portraits of Miss Gre-
ville, 29 Boundaries and Humorous Incidents Coslett
'Army List,' 1642 Cambridge University Chancellor, 1842

Queen Victoria of Spain : Name - Day Barbadoes :
Barbydoys, 30.

HEPLIES : 'The Christmas Boys,' 30 Bidding Prayer, 32
Split Infinitive in Milton' The Canadian Girl 'Victor
Hugo's Property in England The Admirable Crichton
"Over fork: fork over" "Omne bonum Dei donum"
Bell-Horses, 33 Localities Wanted Byron's ' Don Juan '
Musical Composers as Pianists ' Death and the Sinner,'
34 Authors of Quotations Wanted St. Edith Roose-
velt: its Pronunciation, 35 The Ainsty of York Cali-
f ornian English : American Coin-Names, 36 Clippingdale

T. Chippendale, Upholsterer, 37 "Searchers"
Admiral Christ Epitaph Lady Arbella Johnson, 38.

NOTES ON BOOKS : Lang's 'Homer and his Age'
'Popular Ballads of the Olden Time ' Reviews and
Magazines.

Notices to Correspondents.

ORWELL TOWN AND HAVEN.

" ORE WELL " is mentioned by Chaucer
in the Prologue to his ' Canterbury Tales,'
where the merchant expresses a wish that

the see were kepte for any thinge
Bytwyxe Myddelboroughe and Orewell.

Prof. Skeat in his notes (v. 30) identifies
Orewell with the river of that name, and
adds that the spot was formerly known as
the port of Orwell ; and he comes to the
conclusion that the mention of Middelburg
in Holland tends to prove that the Prologue
was written not earlier than 1384 (? 1382)
nor later than 1388, that is, at a time when
the wool staple was temporarily located
at that Dutch town, and not at Calais.
Chaucer of course meant the haven, and not
the river, and it has been a moot point among
historians whether a town of Orwell has
ever existed or not. Two contributions
have appeared recently in The English
Historical Review on this very much debated
question.

The first contributor, Mr. R. G. Marsden,
in the 1906 January number of the Review,
boldly J heads his article ' The Mythical
'Town of Orwell,' and winds up with the
following verdict :

"The result of the evidence seems to be that,
notwithstanding the occasional mention of a ' Villa
de Orwell ' [in documents between 1229 and 1466],
there never was a town of that name, but that
Harwich town and harbour and Orwell haven,
including its shores and the river up to Ipswich,
were sometimes [sic] called Orwell."

Mr. Marsden admits, however, that if no
town of Orwell ever existed, the documents
mentioning a " villa de Orwell " require
explanation, which he furnishes forthwith.
According to him, " there seems to have
been a tendency amongst the scribes who
drew up writs. . . .to invent a town where
only a river or harbour existed." (It is
very difficult to imagine how a harbour can
exist without a town.) The "mayor of
the town of Orwell," he thinks, is probably
a mistake of the same kind. The similarity
of old forms of the names of Harwich and
Orwell may have also given rise to confusion.
Consequently it is not surprising that Orwell,
or one of its variants, should have been used
for Harwich, and vice versa. Yet we are
told that in four documents Orwell appears
to be distinguished from Harwich or Ipswich,
for those towns are mentioned as well as
Orwell.

The four documents in question were duly
dealt with in the October number of the
Review by Mr. J. H. Wylie, who joins issue
with Mr. Marsden, and maintains that
Orwell cannot properly be called a mythical
town. Two of the deeds mention Ipswich
and Orwell, but not Harwich, and conse-
quently do not help to any definite solution.
The third, however, is an order to the bailiffs
of certain towns to cause all owners and
masters of ships to come to Erewell, in Suffolk
(1326) ; upon the same occasion separate
writs were issued to Harwich and Orwell.
The fourth document (44 Edward III., 1370)
refers to payments to some messengers for
going to the mayor and bailiffs of Harwich,
and to others for going on similar errands
to Ipswich and Orwell. Besides these
proofs, Mr. Wylie quotes from Rymer's
' Feeder a ' a proclamation addressed in
1387 to the bailiffs of the town of Orwell,
and another on the same page to the bailiffs
of Harwich.

Proofs like the foregoing can be multiplied.
Thus the ' Calendar of Patent Rolls of
Edward II.' contains the following entries :

1326, 16 Aug. Parliamentary writs ap-
pointing four men in the ports and towns
of Herewiz and elsewhere in the county of
Essex, and three other men in Ipswich,
Erewell, and Goseford, the last named being
another " unknown " (i.e. mythical) town,
according to Mr. Marsden.

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL JAK 12, 1907.

1325, 22 March.!* Writ of aid for one year
mentioning the appointment, a few years
before (14 Edward II.), of collectors in the
towns and ports of Oreford, Goseford,
Erewell, and Ipswich, all in the county of
Suffolk.

1326, 18 Feb. and 12 April. Commission
of oyer and terminer in the suit against
Adam Payne, of Arewell, Richard Love and
Roger atte Hide, both of Harwich, and
many other men, who have carried away
a great fish called " cete " found in the
manor of Walton, in Essex. Mr. Marsden
mentions Payne, but not the other two men.

A document dated 3 Sept., 1326, about
the assembly of ships at Erewell, mentions
also the port of Herewiz.

1326, 10 Sept. Appointment of three
men to select twelve ships in the towns of
Harwich and Ipswich and their members,
to be at Orfordnesse on a certain day to
repel the enemy if they attempt a landing
there while the fleet is assembled at Erewell.

Mr. Karl Kunze in his ' Hanseakten aus
England ' (Halle, 1891) has published some
documents which bear upon our subject.
They are as under :

1314, 24 Sept. Patent Roll containing
the king's order about a ship seized " in
portu de Herwico." A similar order of
same date about goods illegally seized in
Orwell Haven. A similar order, dated
20 Sept., 1314, about a ship seized in Har-
wich harbour.

1403. Complaints of certain merchants
of Prussia about the illegal seizure of ships
from " Danczik " laden with salt. " Navis
est apud Orwell."

1404. Complaint of the " consulatus "
of Hamburg about the seizure of a ship by
the brothers Thomas and John Rudde,
who took her "in Norwelle," where they
divided with others the cargo. The host of
the said brothers "in Norwelle," whose
name was Cogghendorp,* received as his
share of the spoil 10 lasts of beer (" 10 laste
cervisiarum "). We are told elsewhere in
the same document that in those days
" quelibet lasta [cervisie] comprehendit 12
vasa et quelibet lasta taxata est in valorem
8 nobl."

The last two documents do not mention
Harwich, and therefore do not help to any
solution, but are of some interest apart from
the present controversy.

Mr. Wylie quotes also a document of

* About 1378 a ship, whose master was Conrad
Westfal, "veniens ad portum Orwell, quidam de
Herewich, nomine Cockenthorp ipsam navem
arrestavit" (' Hanserecesse,' vol. lii. p. 192).

1355 mentioning a vicar of Orwell, but, the
county not being mentioned, it is quite-
possible that it refers to the place of the-
same name which belonged to the diocese
of Ely, and was situated in the county of
Cambridge, where the Gilbertian canons
had a monastery. g^>

One of the proofs adduced by Mr. Marsden
in support of his contention that the name
of " Orwell " was occasionally used for
" Harwich " is that we find sometimes the
same ship described indifferently as " of
Harwich " and " of Orwell," and ships
owned in Harwich are called " of Orwell."
He cites five examples, to test four of which
would necessitate a visit to the Public
Record Office. The fifth ship, named the
Erasmus, is mentioned in one of the docu-
ments quoted, but not in the other, amongst
the ships of the Iceland fleet then recently
returned to England. Moreover, the Eras-
mus belonged to a period (i.e., Henry VIII.'s
reign), when, as we shall presently see, the
town of Orwell was no longer in existence.
Two ships out of the other four belonged
to a still more recent period, and therefore
three out of the five ships prove nothing.

It has already been pointed out by Mr.
Wylie that Harwich is in the county of
Essex. Orwell, on the other hand, is as a
rule referred to in the documents as being in
Suffolk ; but there are exceptions to this
rule. Thus, e.g., a Patent Roll of 14
Henry III. (1230) conveys an order to
seize all " naves in portubus de Erewell et
in aliis portubus comitatus Essexie invent as";
and the document is headed " De navibus
in comitatu Essexie arrestandis." Old Silas
Taylor, alias Domville, who wrote in 1676,
also tells us that

"the principal officers of his Majesty's Ordinance
in the Tower of London do still (according to
former precedents) continue the Writing of Land-
guard-Fort in Essex." Sam. Dale's 'History of
Harwich and Dovercourt' (London, 1730), p. 15.

Some lines lower down, however, the same
writer states that south-west of the fort
" is the entrance into the Harbour," showing
that, as regards the county in which Land-
guard Fort was situated, he was at variance
with the principal officers in the Tower.

The order dated 18 Feb., 1351, to the col-
lectors of the twopenny subsidy in the port
of Orewell, as to how to deal with a certain
ship driven by tempest into that port, does
not state the county, and it is only the
modern index that assigns the port to Essex
(' Cal. of Close Rolls Edward III.').

On the other hand, some explanation is
required what power the Sheriff of Essex

10 s. VIL JAN. 12, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

had to arrest a ship at Orwell, as mentioned
in the order, dated 11 Feb., 1345, to
" dearrest " the ship in question (ibidem,
p. 549).

Another ship was arrested by the same
sheriff in the port of Harwich, also in 1345
(ibidem, pp. 512 and 551).

Again, in 1339 there was a fracas about a
foreign ship in the port of Orewell, between
some men from Great Yarmouth and the
men of Herewicz, and the bailiffs of both
places received instructions in this matter,
but not those of Orewell.

Both cases can be explained by the fact
that Orwell Haven stretched right across
to the Essex shore, although the town itself
stood in Suffolk. Thus Silas Taylor quotes
(p. 14) from " a deed with seals " of a grant
of a messuage in Harwich " uno capite
abut, [sic] super stratum ducentem usque
ad portum Orwell," in 1 Edw. IV. (1461).

Mr. Marsden himself mentions the case
of a ship arrested " on the water at Orwell,
in the county of Essex, a place adjacent to
Ipswich." No date is given, and I must
therefore refrain from all comment.

As a matter of curiosity I may quote one
or two data from the ' Hansisches Ur-
kunden Buch,' edited by Karl Kunze (vol. vi.,
Leipzig, 1905, and vol. ix.) they are : "In
villa Herwich super Norwell " (1427),
" buten [outside] Norwelle in de Woes "
(1432), and "Orwell Kaldewater " (1468).
These occur in letters written by German
merchants.

In the same collection we find " in portu
de Goseford by Baldresea in Suffolk " (1323).

Another German, Johann Rover, dates
his letter from " Herwycht in Norwelle "
on St. John's Day, 1437 (' Hanserecesse,'
vol. ii.). There are in the same volume
several letters, some written " in dem schepe
in der haven von Norwel " and others at
" lebeswyk " (Ipswich) in 1436.

As regards the evidence derived from old
maps and charts, Mr. Marsden is quite right
that no map shows distinctly an Orwell
town. One, said to be of the thirteenth
century (Cotton MS. Julius D. vii.), has the
following names between Colchester and
" sestuarium Orford " : " Hippell " (? Har-
wich or Ipswich), Anwelle (Orwell), Angulus
Anglie, and " Coleford " (? Goseford). There
are no rivers or indentations of the coast
shown, and the names are all on the land.
I cannot, however, agree with Mr. Marsden
on the point that all maps of the sixteenth
century are so rude and imperfect that they
afford no assistance. There are some
exceptions, as, e.g., Cotton MSS. Augustus I.

vol. i. 57 and 58, both undated, but un-
questionably of the time of Henry VIII. ;
and a third of the same series, dated 28
Eenry VIII. (1537), which shows some
fortifications projected by Henry Lee, on&
on the Essex and the other on the Suffolk
side of the entrance from the " Mayne Sea."
All three plans are drawn to a large scale,
and agree upon the point that Orwell Haven
was in Henry VTII.'s time the name of the
short estuary formed by the confluence of
the two rivers called the Stour and the
Orwell to-day, the former river being called
" the creek going to Mannetre " on one, and

the water to Mannetre " on the other
chart, and the latter " the creek going to
Ippswiche " on one, and " the water to
Gipswiche " on the other chart.

The same estuary is again clearly marked
as " Orwell hauen " on Christofer Saxton's
map of 1575, and also on Blaew's map of
the county of Essex of about 1636.

On the special chart in 'The Mariner's
Mirrour,' by Luke Wagenaer, of Enkhuisen,
however, the name of Orwell Haven occurs
on the land, on the sea side of Landguard
Point, and there is a small indentation of
the coast. The author's ' Admonition to the
Reader' is dated 1586, and the Preface of
the English editor, Anthony Ashley, 1588.

On Capt. Grenville Collins's chart, on the
other hand, the name of Orwell Haven,
though still on the land, is transferred to the
harbour side of the Point, and is placed
against the mouth of a creek. The date of
this chart is 1686, and it is included in the
second part of the captain's " Coasting
Pilot," which was published in 1693.

While on the subject of charts and maps,
I may mention that on one Cotton MS.
Landguard Point is named " Lunger Pointe,"
on another (No. 58) " Langer Point," and
" The Poll Head " is shown as an island on
the latter. On Saxton's map the name is
" Langerston." I have read the statement
that " maps of the date of 1700 showed
Landguard Fort as detached from the main-
land and considerably northward of its
present site," but they, no doubt, showed
the more ancient fort mentioned by Silas
Taylor and Dale, and not the present
structure. L. L. K.

(To be continued.)

11 SHALL TRELAWNY DIE ? "

IT is generally accepted that while
" Hawker of Morwenstow " wrote the
verses of this well-known Cornish song,
the burden,

NOTES AND QUERIES, no s. VIL JAN. 12, 1907.

And shall Trelawny die, and shall Trelawny die ?
'Then thirty thousand Cornishmen will know the
reason why,

Is very much older, and is usually associatec
with the arrest by James II. of Sir Jonathan
Trelawny, Bishop of Bristol, one of " the
Seven Bishops," in 1688. As sung at dinners
of Cornishmen to-day whether held in or
out of the " delectable Duchy " the number
is accustomed to be given as twenty thou-
sand ; but a curious piece of evidence has
come to light which indicates that the idea
of thirty thousand Cornishmen (the number
adopted by Macaulay) being ready for some
political fight or other was prevalent at the
period of the Revolution.

In Michaelmas Term of 1693 an informa-
tion was exhibited in the Crown Office against
Richard Edgecombe for speaking and pub-
lishing divers dangerous and seditious words
against the Government of William and
Mary in the October of that year, he sayin
that he would fight for King James am
endeavour to restore him, and that thirty
thousand men were ready. For this he was
bound to appear at the next assizes for
Cornwall in 1694, holden at Launceston ;
and, being thoroughly frightened, he peti-
tioned their Majesties, in February, 1694,
for a stay of proceedings. The matter was
referred to the Attorney-General for report ;
and that law officer had before him not only
Edgecombe's original allegation that the
prosecution appeared to be malicious, of
which there seems no evidence, but a
certificate from the accused attesting his
loyalty, and alleging that he was greatly
distempered by drink at the time. This
combination of pleas weighed with the
Attorney-General, who recommended the
issue of a warrant for a cessat processus
(' Domestic State Papers, William and
Mary, 1694-5,' pp. 26, 191) ; and thus a
trial ^was prevented which must have thrown
some light upon the Jacobite movement
then seething in Cornwall.

Who was this Richard Edgecombe, how-
ever, is not obvious. He could scarcely
have been Richard Edgcumbe, of Cotehele,
1st Baron Mount Edgcumbe, and only son of
Sir Richard Edgcumbe, of Cotehele and
Mount Edgcumbe, one of Charles II.'s
Knights of the Bath (made so previously to
the coronation in order to attend that
ceremony), who had sat for Launceston in
the Pensionary Parliament, elected in
1661, and had been returned for Cornwall
in March, 1679, October, 1679, and 1681,
dying in 1688. This Richard was baptized
on 23 April, 1680, and therefore was no more I

than fourteen at the time of the record I
have quoted. But the Edgcumbe family
in the county was a large and popular one,
and among its members may well have been
another Richard to make the alleged vaunt.

DUNHEVED.

[That thirty thousand was the number familiar
in 1772 is shown in the article by COL. PKIDEAUX
on ' The Trelawny Ballad ' at 10 S. i. 83.]

KING'S ' CLASSICAL AND
FOREIGN QUOTATIONS.'

(See 10 S. ii. 281, 351 ; iii. 447.)
UNDER 1558, " Misericordia Domini inter
pontem et fontem," Mr. King refers to the
1636 (fifth) edition of Camden's ' Remaines,'
where these words are ascribed to St.
Augustine. The passage in the first edition
(1605) is on p. 55 of ' Certaine Poemes,'
&c., printed, with separate pagination, at
the end of the book. The quotation, appa-
rently, is not to be found in Augustine
(see 8 S. viii. 518 ; ix. 258).

Camden presumably made up the ' Re-
maines ' from notes which, in some instances,
may have been many years old ; but, apart
from the question of priority in time, it is
worth pointing to the following :

" The mercy of God is never to be despayred of,
put still to be expected, even inter pontem ef fontem,
jiif/iil/rm ft (jladiuin" ' Diary of John Manningham,
1602-3,' Camden Soc., 1868, p. 9.

This seems to belong to the year 1602, and
is among some brief notes of a sermon by a
Mr. Phillips.

The interesting thing is that the fuller

'orm of the quotation in the ' Diary ' corre-
sponds with that used by Robert Burton

' Anatomy of Melancholy,' near the end of
Part I., p. .277 in the first edition, 1621) :
" Thus of their goods and bodies we can dispose,

nit what shall become of their soules, God alone

:an tell, his mercy may come inter pontem et fontem,

nter yladium et iugulum."

As to Mr. Phillips the editor of the

Diary ' makes no suggestion, but one may

conjecture that he was Edward Philips,

' certaine Godly and learned " sermons of

horn, delivered in St. Saviour's, Southwark,

were taken down and afterwards published
1605) by Henry Yelverton, the future
fudge. See Foster's ' Alumni Oxon.,'

70\. iii. p. 1156 (Edward Philipps), and

Bliss's edition of Wood's ' Athenae Ox-
nienses,' vol. i. col. 739 (Edward Philips,

who died, says Wood, " as I guess, in. 1603,

or thereabouts ").

I have looked through the sermons, but

10 s. VIL JAN. 12, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

do not find that which Manningham heard.
The quotation is still to trace.

EDWARD BENSLY.

University College, Aberystwyth.

When at Brighton lately I happened to
take down from the Free Library reference
shelves, freely open to readers, a book with
which I am sorry to say I was not before
acquainted, King's ' Classical and Foreign
Quotations.'

In the ' Quotations Index ' I observe one
I have never been able to find in any other
work " Spartam nactus es, hanc exorna."
Mr. King tells us that the usual translation
or interpretation of the Latin, " You have
lighted on Sparta, (therefore) be an orna-
ment to it," or more generally " You are
by accident of birth a Spartan, so do your
best to adorn your country," is wrong.
The explanation is too long to quote (see
pp. 332-3).

Mr. King gives us anonymous quotations
under the title of ' Adespota.' Now "anony-
mous " is a cumbersome word enough, but
I do not think much can be said in favour
of such a word as " adespota."

One translation I note seems to have
the authority of a great name : " L' ami tie
est 1' Amour sans ailes." This Lord Byron
translated, we are told, " Friendship is
Love without his wings." But this does
not appear to me to be an exact translation.
There is no " his " in the original ; and love
here is quite as impersonal as friendship.

The preface tells us of a most unfortunate
suppression which has been made in this
edition, namely, the omission of the mottoes
of the English peerage, on the absurdly
ridiculous objection of a correspondent that
their insertion was " lordolatry." To this,
Mr. King observes, he had no reply. Well,
I should have given a pretty forcible reply.
Many classical quotations and many of our
most trenchant mottoes, the pride of the
English, are consequently omitted. One of
these is " Hoc age." Shortly translated, it
means " do this," that is, attend to what
you are about, or attend with all your
might and main to the matter you have in
hand. RALPH THOMAS.

" BUSKIN." Prof. Skeat has been lately
proposing to the Philological Society an
etymology for this extremely difficult word.
He finds in Florio the word borzachini,
buskins, and he sees no difficulty in deriving
from this comparatively modern Italian
word the Old French forms brousequin,
brosequin, bousequin, and brodequin. He

thinks it is quite easy to derive all the forms
of buskin in Spanish, Dutch, and English
from the Florio form borzachini. Is it
possible to accept this account of the source
of our word " buskin " ? It seems to me
that such an etymology is impossible. How
can the French forms be derived from the
Italian form, when, so far as the evidence
goes, the French forms are older than the
Italian one by more than a century ? But
let it be granted that the Italian borzacchini
(as it should be spelt) is the original of all the
buskin forms, it is impossible to find an ety-
mology for the Italian word. Certainly,
Prof. Skeat's etymology will not do. He
explains borzacchino as a diminutive of
It. borza, a form of borsa, a purse, Gr. ^vpcrtj^
a hide. But how can this be ? There is no
diminutive suffix -cchino in Italian. Prof.
Skeat has been thinking of the diminutive
-ino ; but how is the ch- to be explained ?
I am afraid the word cannot be explained
as a word formed on Italian soil. It is far
safer to explain it as a borrowing from one
of the non-Ital an forms. These all point
as Dozy suggests, to a Spanish source ; cp.
Sp. borcegui, Pt. borzeguim. For the rela-
tion of these old forms to the Arabic origin
sherqi sheep's leather, I beg to refer the eager
inquirer to the learned pages of Dozy. See
his ' Glossaire des Mots Espagnols et Portu-
guais derives de 1'Arabe ' (1869), s.v. ' Bor-
cegui.' A. L. MAYHEW.

PENNELL'S ' LIFE or LELAND.' In Mrs.
Pennell's ' Life of Charles Godfrey Leland,"
1906, vol. i. p. 244, we are told that "he
astounded the passing Magyar almost to tears-
with an unexpected Bassama Teremtete."
Mrs. Pennell seems to think this is a sort of
national salutation. Lest any of her readers
should be tempted to try experiments with
passing Magyars, I feel bound to point out
that it is a blasphemous oath, such as I am
sure would never have soiled her pages if
she had known its meaning. Readers of
Borrow will remember the prominent part
it plays in his ' Gypsies of Spain,' owing to-
a theory he had that from it is derived the
name Busne, given by the Spanish gipsies
to all who are not of their race. Borrow
calls it "a term exceedingly common
amongst the lower orders of Magyars, to>
their disgrace be it spoken." I have been
in Budapest, and often heard it, but never
from an educated Hungarian.

JAS. PL ATT, Jun.

WASHINGTON PEDIGREE. About eight
weeks ago I saw in either The Daily Chronicle
or The Daily Mirror a letter from a gentle-

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL JAN. 12, 1907.

asking whether a pedigree of Washing-
ton existed. I shall be glad to communicate
with the writer, as I possess the pedigree.

A. HILLS.
3, Duke Street, Margate.

CAMBRIDGE BOOKSELLERS AND PRINTERS.
The following list of booksellers and
printers in the town of Cambridge during
the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries
will supplement the lists of provincial
booksellers in the last two volumes of
* N. & Q.' The date is in each case that of
the proving of the will :

Atkinson, Troylus, 1675. Bookseller, also church-
warden of Great St. Marie.

Atkinson, William, 1699. Son of above ; bookseller.

Beechmore, Edward, 1689. Stationer.

Boiedens, John, 1502. Stationer.

Breynans, Peter, 1504. Stationer.

Dickinson, William, 1718. Bookseller.

Field, John, the elder, 1668. Citizen of London,
stationer, and printer.

Foakes, John, 1664. Printer.

Graves, William, 1680. Stationer.

Greene, Richard, 1699. Stationer.

Hall, Edward, 1703. Bookseller.

Leete, Robert, 1663. Printer.

Moody, Henry, 1637. Stationer.

Moody, Thomas, 1661. Bookseller.

Milleson, John, 1670. Stationer.

Morden, W T illiam, 1679. Bookseller.

Nicholson, Anthony, the elder, 1667. Stationer.

Porter, John, 1608. Stationer.

.Scarlett, William, 1617. Stationer.

-Skarlett, John, 1502. Stationer.

Sought, John, 1553. Stationer.

Spyryne, Nicholas, 1545. Stationer.

Webster, Thomas, 1722. Bookseller.

Worlech, William, 1631. Stationer.

Wray, Henry, 1628. Stationer.

H. R.

THE SCOTS GREYS AND GREY HORSES.
In the descriptive letterpress to the series
of sketches bearing on the past history of
this distinguished corps, given in The Illus-
trated London News of 22 December last,
it is stated that " grey horses are not men-
tioned until 1702." There is a letter still
extant from Capt. Andrew Agnew, of the
Royal Scots Dragoons, to his cousin Sir
Andrew Agnew of Lochnaw, Bart., Sheriff
of Wigtownshire, dated 28 August, 1693,
on the subject of the purchase for the writer
of " a grey horse " (' The Agnews of Loch-
.naw,' p. 453). CHARLES DALTON.

HOLED - STONE FOLK - LORE : " NIGHT-
HAGS." If I remember aright, ' N. & Q.'
has on several occasions contained para-
graphs regarding stones with natural or
artificial holes in them being used for the
purpose of warding off evil ; it may therefore
.be well to draw attention to the fact that

Mr. Worthington G. Smith has in The Pro-
ceedings of the Society of Antiquaries for
8 February, 1906, recorded that in some
parts of South Bedfordshire it is still believed
' ' that a suspended holed stone will prevent illness
in cows, and prevent the entry of the 'night-hag,'
a supernatural kind of witch, supposed to enter
stables, take out a horse, ride it furiously all night,
and just before daybreak, take it back to the
stable, when the farmer, soon after, finds it badly
sweating."

Some of your readers will call to mind the
scene in ' Marmion ' where young Henry
Blount

The cost

Had reckon'd with their Scottis host ;
And as the charge he cast and paid,
" 111 thou deserv'st thy hire," he said ;
" Dost see, thou knave, my horse's plight ?
Fairies have ridden him all the night,
And left him in a foam ! "

In Bedfordshire, it appears, night-hags
supply the place of the Northern fairies with
whom Sir Walter Scott was acquainted.

ASTARTE.

PARISH REGISTERS : CURIOUS ENTRIES.
The following are a few examples I have
come across in my searches :

Croydon. 1596. Dec. 7, Old Megg buried.

1788. Mary Woodfield, al s Queen of Hell, from
the College, buried 18 Feb.

Ludgate, St. Martin's. 1615. Feb. 28 was buried
an anotomy from the College of Physicians.

Blackfriars, St. Anne's. 1580. William, foole to
my Lady Jermingham, buried 21 March.

1626/7. Feb. 9, Lady Luson's corpse carried away.

Newcastle-on-Tyne, St. John's. 1589. Edward
Errington, the Towne Fooll, buried 23 August,
died in the Peste.

1636. Seven poore thinges out of the Warden
close buried 1 Dec.

Kirby Moorsicle, Yorks. The baptism of "Mr.
Anchitel Grey" is entered through illiterate spell-
ing, as '' Miss Ann Kettle Grey."

Tarporley, Cheshire. 1626. Richard Welde,
Papist and Excommunicate, 20 August, buried at
night.

Bishop Wearmouth, Durham. 1596. Feb. 8, A
woman in the water buried.

Escomb, Durham. 1676. Aug. 2, A linger wild
was buried.

Wiekham, Durham. 1649. May 4, A West
Countryman buried.

Hart, Durham. 1641. Feb. 12, Old Mother Mid-
night of Elwick buried.

Hawsted. 1589. The Funerall of the Right
Worshipfull Sir William Drury, Knight, was
executed 10 March.

Salehurst, Sussex. 1683. Oct. 5, Bur d Peter
Sparke, aged 120 odd years.

Burnham, Bucks. 1570. Aug. 24, The Queen's
Footman's Child Buried.

1575. Nov. 3, The Queen's Launder buried.

1584. Snow's wife buried 30 March.

1586. May 9, Maude, the child of a Roague,
buried.

1587/8. Jan. 4, A Runagate Wench Buried.

10 s. VIL JAN. 12, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

Chesterton, Cambridge. 1570. Mother Corie
was buried 21 Dec.

Burham, Kent. Mr. Ward buried a man. (No
date.)

Lamesley, Durham. -- 1678. Anne Marley,
Wrapped in Sheepskins, buried. (No date.)

Reading, St. Mary's. 1630. Jan. 10, Kathren
Roose, apprehended for a wich, buried.

Cheshunt. 1600. Feb. 7, Old Plod buried.

1716. July 25, Old Half-head buried.

Newington Butts. 1600. March (no day), A
child of Adam Earth buried.

Barnes. 1657. Oct. 16, Old Honesty, al 8 Juett's
Wife, buried.

Camberwell. 1687. June 2, Robert Hern and
Elizabeth Bozwell, King and Queen of the Gipsies,
buried.

Durham, St. Mary-le-Bow. 1722. Brain Pear-
son, the Abbey dog whipper, buried 6 April.

1732. James Graham, a felon, he was hanged y l
anie morning just after Bapt. , 30 Aug.

A. B. C.

MAJOR HAMILL or CAPRI. Perhaps the
following simple record of a brave Irish
officer may be worth adding to the valuable
collection of monumental inscriptions to
Britons who have died abroad which have
appeared in ' N. & Q.' I transcribed it in
1879 from a white marble slab affixed to a
high wall, forming one side of the piazza,
at Anacapri, in which stands the church
containing the curious Paradise pavement.
I cannot say whether it still exists amidst
the extraordinary transformations which
that exquisite fairy isle has since undergone.
Sir Hudson Lowe (of St. Helena fame) was
in 1808 Governor of Capri, and Murat sent
a force to attack the usual landing-places,
and a secret one to the extreme west of
the island, where the perpendicular rocks
were considered inaccessible. However, the
French climbed up them, and suddenly
came upon Hamill and his astonished little
Maltese guard. The latter they soon dis-
posed of, but the gallant son of Erin scorned
to yield or fly, and lost his life :

" To the Memory of John Hamill, a native of the
County Antrim in Ireland, and Major in His
Brittanic Majesty's late Regiment of Malta, who
fell while bravely resisting the French invasion of
Anacapri, on 4th day of October 1808 ; and whose
mortal remains are deposited near to this place.
This tribute of affection and respect has been
placed by his kinsman and namesake, October 3 d ,
1831. Requiescat in pace,"

D. J.

EDWARD IV. 's WOOING AT GRAFTON.
At p. 110 of a recently published interesting
little book, ' Oxfordshire,' by F. G. Brabant,
Wychwood Forest in that county is said
traditionally to have been the scene of the
first meeting of Edward IV. with Elizabeth
Widville, which ultimately resulted in his

marriage with her. She was then the
widow of Sir John Grey of Groby, who was
killed at the battle of St. Albans in 1460.
She was married to the king 1 May, 1464.

But much more probably Grefton in
Northamptonshire was the real place, and
an ancient weather - beaten tree still in
existence, and generally celled " The Queen's
Oak," is said to have witnessed the wooing.
Grafton Regis was for many years the home
of the Widvilles, and what is more likely
than that the first interview between
Edward IV. and Elizabeth Grey or Widville,
which ended in such an important result,
took place near her old home ?

It continued in subsequent years the pro-
perty of the Crown until granted by Charles II.
to his illegitimate son Lord Euston, after-
wards created by him Duke of Grafton.
There cannot be much doubt as to the
locality. The romantic story of the " Wooing
at Grafton " is well known.

JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.

Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.

(gmms.

WE must request correspondents desiring in-
formation on family matters of only private interest
to affix their names and addresses to their queries,
in order that answers may be sent to them direct.

JOHN NEWBERY'S GRAVE. Could any
of your readers tell me where John New-
bery, the publisher, who died in 1767, is
buried ? Oliver Goldsmith wrote the follow-
ing riddling epitaph upon him :
What we say of a thing that has just come in
fashion,

And that which we do with the dead,
Is the name of the honestest man in the nation :

What more of a man can be said ?
Is this epitaph upon Newbery's grave ?

PERCY E. NEWBERRY.

40, Bedford Street, Liverpool.

PALIMPSEST BRASS INSCRIPTIONS. Last
autumn a monumental brass was dug up
in the parish of Fivehead, co. Somerset,
which is of considerable interest on both
sides. The later face bears the effigy of a
lady attired in early Elizabethan fashion.
The inscription has not yet been recovered,
but from the heraldry it appears that she
was Jane, daughter and heiress of Sir John
Walsh, Kt., of Cathanger, and wife of Lord
Edward Seymour, of Berry Pomeroy, eldest
surviving son of the Duke of Somerset, Lord
Protector, by his first marriage. The
length 'of the brass is 3 ft. 6 in. ; it is in six

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. vii. JAN. 12, 1907.

pieces. When T the^ underside had been
cleaned, it was found that several brasses
had been utilized to make up the size re-
quired. The two upper pieces contain a
transverse section of an ecclesiastic taken
across the breast, the uplifted hands being
hold together as in prayer. The figure must
have been of gigantic size. This section is
not large enough to show clearly the cha-
racter of the attire ; it is traversed by several
narrow fillets enclosing a pellet between a
quatrefoil and a rosette alternately. The
third piece contains a perpendicular section
of tabernacle work enclosing a pair of small
figures, either Apostles or prophets. On
the outer margin are the words QVE FINO
VIERNES in letters exactly resembling those
on the brass of Abbot Thos. Delamere of
St. Albans (v. illustration in H. Druitt's
' Costume in Brasses,' p. 46).

The small section engraved with the lady's
toes bears on the reverse : "... .Gilbertus
Thornbern nuper rector .... qui obiit un-
decimo Maii. . . . MCCCCXXVIII . ..."

1. What is the meaning of the first in-
scription ? ^2. Of what parish was Gilbert
TliornlxTn rector ? ' E. H. BATES.

I'uckinglon Rectory, Ilminster.

GOULTON BRASS. At 6 S. ii. 168 (28 Aug.,
1880) the following query appeared :

"In the 'History of Cleveland,' by the Rev. J.

Craves, written in I SOS, mention is made of a brass
once in Kaeel.y ( Ihurch to the memory of Sir Lewis
<ioullnii, uliieh brass, he says, was, at tin- 1 hue I hat
lie \\ role, in tlu- possession of ( 'hristonher < Joidton,
of Hlghthorn, near Easingwold. With Hie death of
this Christopher Coulton, in |SI.">, that branch of
I lie ( I on I ton family became e\t inet. He died with-
out a will, and up to the present time I have been
unalile to uct any informal ion concerning the brass
spoken nf l.y M r. ( travel, ( 'an you assist me ill any

way? .1. ( I oulton Constable."

This query was apparently never answered,
and I should like to repeat it, in the hope
that some information may now be forth-
coming, as since 1880 much has been written
upon the subject of brasses, and there is
hardly a county in England where brasses
have not received more or less attention.
In what county is Faceby ?

STEWART FISKE.

Mobile, Ala., I'.S.A.

| Kaeel.y j s in the North Riding of Yorkshire.]

WORDSWORTH'S PRIMROSE. I shall be
glad if you will bo good enough to explain
to me the meaning of Wordsworth's lines :

A primrose by the fixer's I. rim
A yellow primrose was to him.
And it was nothing more.

I have had an argument as to what was

meant by the lines, and shall be grateful if
you will give their meaning. R. ELLIS.

[The meaning is surely that the sight of a prim-
rose to Peter suggested no thought did not affect
him in any way. He simply saw that it was
"yellow" (you misquoted your second line).
Wordsworth has himself expressed his own feelings
in such a case, as follows :

To me the meanest flower that blows can give
Thoughts t hat do often lie too deep for tears.

Ode, ' Intimations of Immortality.'
He says also in 'The Tables Turned' :
One impulse from a, vernal wood
May teadi you more of man,
Of moral evil and of good,
Than all the sages can. |

MRS. MOORE'S ' MODERN PILGRIM'S PRO-
GRESS.' In 1882 Mrs. Bloomfield Moore,
of Philadelphia, privately printed a 12mo
volume of 105 pages, which contains, with
other things, ' A Chapter from the Modern
Pilgrim's Progress.' This chapter is thus
prefaced :

"The proof -sheets of the following pages, in the
year 1879, fell into the hands of one of the most
brilliantly talented young authors in Kngland. The
author of them had never heard anything of the
young writer's family, but he had a widowed mother
with six children, and after reading this chapter in
the proof sheets, and finding much that was sugges-
t i\ e of experiences in his own family, he tancied it.
had Keen \\ritten to lay these experiences bare to

the public lie went to John Morley, editor of

Tin' /'nrtiiii/lif/// Review, and accused him of having

written this chapter to expose him. His mind be-
came more and more unsettled, and learning that/
the (real) author of ' The Modern Pilgrim's Pro-
gress ' was to sail from Liverpool, Nov. 27, 1879, he
told his family that this was an intimation he was
In die on that day. At the hour on which the
ocean steamer left the wharf he shot himself."
Can any reader give me the name of this
young man ? The intimate relation between
Mrs. Moore and Browning will be recalled.
The dedicatory poem of this volume is " To>
my Friend Robert Browning."

DEWITT MILLER.

Philadelphia.

GODFERY. I shall be pleased if any of
your readers can supply me with information
respecting the ancestors, descendants, and
birthplace of Michael Godfery, Deputy
Governor of the Bank of England in 1695.

F. GODFERY.
2, Morton Crescent, Kx mouth.

VINING FAMILY. Is it known whether
Henry Vining, the father of Mrs. John Wood,
was related to Frederick Vining and to
James Vining ? What relation was William
Vining (if any), the actor, to these Vinings ?
The ' D.N.B.' notes that Frederick's daughter
Fanny was Mrs. Gill ; but Davenport

10 s. vii. JAN. 12, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

Adams's ' Dictionary of the Drama ' states
that Fanny married E. L. Davenport, the
American actor. Which statement is cor-
rect ? or are both right ?

J. M. BULLOCH.
118, Pall Mall.

" Posui DEUM ADJUTOREM MEUM." I
am anxious to know the origin of this legend,
found on silver coins of Edward III. and
many of his successors. It is usual, I think,
to refer to Psalm liv. 4 ; but in the only
Latin Bible at hand the wording of that
text is " Ecce enim Deus adjuvat me,"
which is very different.

H. W. MONCKTON.

BEWICKIANA. Would one of your readers
who " knows his Bewick " kindly inform
me where Henry Kingsley's references to
Thomas Bewick's work are to be found ?
One is quoted in Austin Dobson's ' Eigh-
teenth-Century Vignettes ' on Bewick's tail-
pieces. WHITE LINE.

TOWNS UNLUCKY FOR KINGS. In The
Edinburgh Review for last October an article
on Christina, Queen of Sweden, contains the
following passage :

"Tin- enmnat ion, \\liirli occurred six years after
Christina li;id taken I In- oat li as " Kinjj;' of Sweden,
oii^lit to have taken place at Upsala ; In it as there
was no accommodation for foreign envoys in that
small town, it was effected at the capital, despite,
the saying that toilers crowned at Stockholm
reigned hut a short time."

What other towns are supposed to be con-
nected with the ill luck of monarchs ?

G. W.

" KING COPIN " : " ST. COPPIN." Who
was this personage, mentioned in the
Digby and Towneley Plays ? In the latter
Caiaphas says to Jesus :

KyiiK Copyn in oure game/ thus shall I indew the,
IVor a fa tur.

In the former " be sentt Coppyn " is used
as a mild form of oath. H. P. L.

KENNEDY FAMILY AND MARYLAND.
I should be much obliged if any person having
access to records of the settlement of Mary-
land would kindly say whether the name
of Fergus Kennedy (son of Hew Kennedy,
of Bennane), is mentioned, and if so, whether
his wife and children are also mentioned.

C. M. K.

" BONE DEUS " IN EPITAPHS. I shall be
glad if any of your readers can supply other
instances of the interjection " Bone Deus "
(" Good God ") in a monumental inscription
than that on a tablet in the church of

Hollingborne, Kent, to the memory of
Baldwin Duppa, 1737, and that on a tablet
at Cuokfield, Sussex, to the memory of
Daniel Walter, 1761. J. H. C.

" ESLYNGTON " : ISLINGTON. Machyn in
his * Diary ' records (' The Diary of Henry
Machyn,' Camden Society, 1848, p. 63) :

" ir>T>4. The xv. day of May Haknay prosses*
syon to Powles ; and after cam sent Clements
prossessyon ; and the Mayre and Althermen ; and
ther wher goodly quersse syncing.

" The xvj. day of May cam to Powlles Eslyngton
prossessyon."

" Eslyngton " is presumably Machyn' s
phonetic rendering of Islington. Does it
occur in this form elsewhere ? J. Gough
Nichols, who edited the volume, does not
attempt its identification, or include it in
either form in the index.

The " prossessyon " was that of Corpus
Christi, although the day of celebration was
24 May, when ther mony goodly pr(oss)ess-
yons in mony parryches." For " quersse "
read choirs not " quires," as the editor
renders it. ALECK ABRAHAMS.

*), Hillmarton Road, N.

JERUSALEM COURT, FLEET STREET.
Can any reader tell me where the above
was situated ? John Willis published his
' Art of Stenography ' in 1602. It was the
first alphabetic system. Noble in his
' Temple Bar Memorials ' speaks of a Jeru-
salem "ordinary" in 1628. The Bagford
Collection contains the following :

"John Willis, K.I)., he put forth a Book he calls
the Art of Stenographic, he saith it was the first
I Hii'i | of thai, nature lie dwelt in Jerusalem Court in
Illee) Street the 19 th Edition 1628." Lansdowne
MS. SOS, f. 15.

1021. "John Willis, B. of 1)., he put forth A
Booke he calls ye Art of Stenography he saith y'
was y first of that nature he dwelt in Jerusalem
Court in net Street t, y 19 th Edition 1628." From
Sloane MS. ss;>, t. iV>.

Most Shakesperian commentators assert
that the early quartos were produced from
shorthand notes taken in the theatre at the
time of representation. The ' D.N.B.' (art.
John Willis) does not state where Jerusalem
Court was. Arber quotes the Stationers'
Register re John Willis. So far as can be
ascertained, the only reference to where he
dwelt " is in the above extracts. A diary
(1607) in Willis's shorthand is in America ;
and Trumbull has given an extract.

MATTHIAS LEVY.
45, Chancery Lane.

REYNOLDS'S PORTRAITS OF Miss GRE-
VILLE. Northcote in his ' Life of Sir Joshua
Reynolds,' published in 1816, mentions two

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL JAN. 12, 1907.

portraits of Miss Greville and her brother
as Cupid and Psyche, and states that one
was then in the possession of Mr. C. Long,
and the other in that of Mr. S. Rogers.
Can any one inform me where these pictures
are now ? H. W.

BOUND ABIES AND HUMOROUS INCIDENTS.
Can any readers help me with curious places
through which the boundary lines of parishes,
counties, and even countries run, and with
any humorous incidents which have been
caused by them ? Mr. W. S. Gilbert, it
will be remembered, made use of such a fact
in * Engaged.' RUDOLPH DE CORDOVA.

COSLETT. Can any reader help me to
the derivation of this surname ? It is not
uncommon in South-East Glamorgan. I can
derive no assistance from books.

ARTHUR MEE.

Cardiff.

* ARMY LIST,' 1642. There is a copy of
the 1642 " Roundhead " Army List in the
British Museum. Is it the same copy as
that mentioned by MR. HAYES, 10 S. vi.
342 ? The " Cavalier " Army List of 1642
is also in the same library. 1 have not seen
MR. HAYES'S communication in The Book-
worm for 1891. M. J. D. COCKLE.

Walton-on-Thames.

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY CHANCELLOR,
1842. Would any of your readers who
possess, or can obtain access to, a Cambridge
University Calendar for 1843, inform me
who was installed Chancellor in July, 1842 ?
Family letters show me that a Chancellor
was installed then. A post card addressed
as below would be quite sufficient.

W. K. W. CHAFY.

Rous Lench Court, Evesham.

QUEEN VICTORIA OF SPAIN : NAME-DAY.
In the papers of 24 December last it was
mentioned that Queen Victoria of Spain
had been present at a banquet on " her
name-day." As she has abjured the faith
in which she was born, it cannot have been
her baptismal day as an infant ; nor is it
the anniversary of her reception into the
Roman Church. Is it the day of St. Vic-
toria ? or in what way can it have been her
" name-day " ? HELGA.

BARBADOES : BARBYDOYS. In the Cata-
logue of Ancient Deeds at the P.R.O. I
notice (p. 66), 18 Ed. IV., mention of the
manors of Little Carleton alias Barbydoys
in Carleton (co. Cambridge). Is the asso-
nance with Barbadoes merely accidental ?

E. L.-W.

'THE CHRISTMAS BOYS.'

(10 S. vi. 481.)

THIS old mumming play, which MR. D. A.
CHART finds surviving in the Isle of Wight,
and which LADY RUSSELL states (10 S. v.
155) is still rendered in Berkshire, is not by
any means confined to the south of England.
Five-and-twenty years ago a mangled
version of it used to be performed in the
villages of south-west Lancashire ; and it is
still to be met with in Cumberland, and I
believe in parts of rural Yorkshire. But in
Cumberland at least there is this important
difference : it is an Easter play, and is
known as the " pace " or " peace egg "-
this name, of course, being a corruption of
the paschal egg.

It is well known that the Easter custom
of distributing eggs is much older than
Christianity, and is really symbolical of
creation or the re-creation of spring : a
season celebrated in all times and all countries
with ceremonies that, from once being of a
religious character like midsummer and
harvest time now survive only in the form
of rollicking games and village mummeries.
The Dionysian dramas of ancient Greece
celebrated the same season, and were con-
nected with the worship of the god of vege-
tation or generation.

One of the oldest of the old mystery plays
of this country is that of ' St. George and the
Dragon,' which was probably grafted on to
some earlier village drama celebrating the
coming of spring. Eastern characters were
probably introduced in the days of the
Crusades ; and in later times all sorts of
heterogeneous characters Bonaparte, Nel-
son, and the like have been added, accord-
ing to taste and circumstances.

I have three versions of this " Pace egg "
play, which were written out for me by
schoolchildren in Cumberland during 1895 i
and considering that there is, so far as I
know, no properly transcribed " book of
the words," but that it is handed down from
generation to generation by word of mouth,
it is not a little remarkable to find how
closely these Cumberland versions resemble
that quoted by MR. CHART from the Isle of
Wight.

The dramatis personse are King (or St.)
George ; the Black King of Morocco ;
Molly Masket, his mother ; Bold Slasher
(the Noble Captain of the Isle of Wight
version, and probably another of the Seven

10 s. vn. JAX. 12, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

hampions of Christendom) ; a Doctor ;
a Fool or Hunchback ; Lord Nelson ; and
another who is sometimes described as a
" jolly Jack Tar " and sometimes as " Paddy
from Cork " (surely St. Patrick ?).

The Hunchback, clearing a ring, speaks
first :

Stir up the fire and strike a light,
Arid see our noble act to-night.
If you don't believe a word I say,
Step up, Great George, and lead the way.
King George. In steps I, Great George ;
'Great George it is my name.
With my right hand and glittering sword
I Ve won ten [or three] crowns of gold.
'Twas I that fought the fiery dragon,
And brought him down by slaughter ;
And by those means I won the prize,
The King of Egypt's daughter.
Then enters the King of Morocco :

In steps I, Prince of Paradine,

The black Morocco king.

With sword and buckler by my side

I through the woods do ring.

I 'm brave boys,

And that 's what makes you good ;

And through thy dearest body, George,

I '11 draw thy precious blood.

I mean what I say, arid tell no lies ;

I '11 cut thee to pieces and make mince pies.
To which King George replies :
Mince pies hot and mince pies cold,
I'll send thee to Blacksand before thou's three

days old.

They fight, and the black king is killed.
Enter Molly Masket (not Father Christmas) :

O George, George, what hast thou done ?

Thou 's gone and slain my only son,

My only son, my only heir,

How canst thou see him bleeding there ?
K. George. He challenged me to fight,
And why should I deny ?
I '11 cut his body in four parts,
And make his buttons fly.

A doctor is then called for, and a long dia-
logue ensues between him and King George.
He discourses of his travels
from Hiptip to the Tallyantic [Atlantic] Ocean ;
ninety degrees below the bottom; where I saw
houses built of rounds of beef, slated with pan-
cakes, &c.

" Any further ? " inquires the King.

Yes, from my grandmother's bed to the stairhead
from the stairhead to the chairleg ; from the chair?
leg to the corner cupboard, where I got so much
bread and cheese, which makes me so fat and lusty
as you see me now.

K. George. I 'm not talking of fat.

Doctor. Neither am I talking about lean.

K. George. What are you talking about ?

Doctor. What. I can cure.

K. George. What can you cure ?

Doctor. Ipsy-pipsey [epilepsy], palsy and the gout,
Pains within and pains without.
If there 's nineteen devils in this man,
I 'm sure to bring twenty out.

The black prince of Morocco is resuscitated,
and the play proper comes to a premature
end, the rest being mere jingle " The next
to come in is Lord Nelson, you see, with a
bunch of blue ribbons tied on to his knee,"
&c. ; and the Fool or Hunchback, as Chorus,
winds up with the usual appeal :

Ladies and gentlemen who sit by the fire,

Put your hands in your pockets and show your

desire ;
Put your hands in your pockets and pull out your

purse,

And give us a trifle : you '11 not be much worse.
Here we all are, seven in a row,
As jolly like fellows as ever you saw ;
So mind what you're doing and see that all's

right.

If you give nowt, we '11 take nowt.
Fare well and good night !

F. GORDON BROWN.

The title 'The Christmas Boys' for the
mummers' play of * St. George ' is perhaps
new to most of the contributors to ' N. & Q.'j
but all will welcome ME,. CHART'S new
version, if such it may be called, which is
in many ways much like the old, though
differing in the words in several places.
The actors' dresses were of a most nonde-
script kind, though all wore tall tapering
head-dresses of cardboard. The King, the
Prince, and St. George had plumes of two
or three colours, and from their shoulders
and waist were streamers of the like colours.
Slasher's dress was more of the swash-
buckler's order, and he had a seedy look all
over. Their coats and trousers were deco-
rated with patches of various sizes and
colours ; they carried swords and belt-
knives. The Doctor was somewhat more
soberly dressed, and he carried a staff, and
sometimes had a bottle slung at his waist.
Usually there were three or four others
common soldiers having long staves in
their hands ; but each wore the same kind
of hat, with streamers at the waist only.
Their share in the performance was to march
in with the actors, help in the finishing
chorus, and march out ; but while the play
went on they stood in line at the back.

The way in which the play was presented
varied very much. If the room was large
enough, all the performers walked in with
the Fool at the head. If the room was
small, the Fool came first, saying :

In comes I, who have never been before,

With my merry actors at the door ;

They can act, and dance, and sing ;

With your consent they shall come in.

Stir up the fire and make a light ;

And see this noble act to-night.

If you don't believe the words I say,

Step in, St. George, and clear the way.

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL JAN. 12, 1907.

St. George. In comes I, St. George ;
For old England have I won many bloody battles.
I did in Egypt the Dragon slew,
And manv people know that to be true.
If you will search this world all round,
You will never find another man to match my mind.
Another version begins :

I ope the door and enter in ;

I hope your favour for to win.

Whether I rise or whether I fall,

I '11 do my best to please you all ;

St. George is here,

And swears that he '11 come in,

And if he does

I know he'll pinch my skin.

The braggart Slasher in one of the Derby-
shire versions I have heard boasts :

My head is made of brass,

My body 's made of steel,

My hands are made of knuckle-bone,

And I can make him feel.

The only printed version I know is one
issued in Manchester by Abel Heywood, in
which the Fool comes first, saying :
Room, room, brave gallants, gives us room to sport,
For in this room we wish to have our court ;
And here repeat to you our merry rhyme,
For remember, good sirs, this is Easter-time.

The finishing lines of several versions I
have heard are very mixed. They are said
either by Betsy Beelzebub or Devil Doubt.
Betsy says :

All ye ladies and gentlemen
That sit round the fire,
My box it would speak
If it had but a tongue ;

A little of your money would do us no wrong.
Devil Doubt's ending is :

Money I want, money I '11 have ;

If you won't give me money,

I '11 sweep you to the grave.

The rough speech of the actors can hardly
be reproduced. THOS. RATCLIFFE.

Worksop.

This play is, or was a few years ago,
performed at Newland, in Gloucestershire.

R. B R.

South Shields.

BIDDING PRAYER (10 S. vi. 448). The
earliest Bidding Prayer of which I have
knowledge is included in the late Canon
Simmons's ' Lay-Folks Mass-Book,' issued
by the E.E.T.S. It was heard at York
before the Norman conquest, and it began
with " Wutan we gebiddan," which the
editor modernized into " Let us pray."
Antexample dated 1405 opened with " De-
precemur Deum Patrem omnipotentem,"
and had " Ye sail pray " at the head of most
of its clauses. About fifty years later,
' Derfrendes, ye sail make a speciall prayer,"

is recorded. There was also a version with
"We shall"; and in 1509 "We shall" is
printed in the ' Manuale secundum usum
Matris Ecclesie Eboracensis ' (see pp. 62-80).
At present it is the use of York that the
preacher should say " Ye shall pray." The
Bidding does not now run precisely like the
version given by Canon Simmons in 1879
(p. 320) ; and it has at one part been
judiciously lengthened by remembrance of
the officers and men of His Majesty's forces
" in and around " the ancient city.

There are three pitfalls for the unwary
in the pulpit of York Minster, and it is
astonishing to find how many strange, or
perhaps I should say stranger, divines slip
into one or more of them, without being at
all aware of their misfortune. The faithful
are commanded to pray for the Catholia
Church, " especially for that branch of it
to which we in this kingdom belong and
herein for our Most Gracious Sovereign
Lord, King Edward," and many others.
Very frequently the reader interpolates a
period after " herein " with startling effect.
Occasionally, " this metropolitical Church "
figures as "metropolitan" ; and once in a
while somebody finds a stumbling-block in
" William Dalrymple, Lord Archbishop of
this Province," or makes mention of the
Prince and Princes of Wales, instead of the
Princess. The summons to pray for a
blessing on seats of sound learning and
religious education, the universities, colleges,
and schools of the United Kingdom, " par-
ticularly on the Grammar School attached
to this Cathedral Church," has in it a sug-
gestion of bathos, for drawing attention ta
which I hope I may be forgiven.

ST. SWITHIN.

In ' Loss and Gain ; or, the Story of a
Convert,' chap, ii., by Cardinal Newman,
we read :

"Sheffield said 'Now I must say the sermon

itself, and not the least of all the prayer before it
what do they call it?'

" 'The Bidding Prayer,' said Reding.

" ' Well, both sermon and prayer are often arrant
fudge. I don't often go to University sermons, but
I have gone often enough not to go again without
compulsion. The last preacher I heard was from
the country. Oh, it was wonderful ! He began at
the pitch of his voice "Ye shall pray." What stuff !
"Ye shall pray" because old La timer or Jewell said
" Ye shall praie," therefore we must not say " Let us
pray."'

F. E. R. POLLARD-URQTJHART.

Castle Pollard, Westmeath.

In the * Apostolical Constitutions,' sup-
posed to have been compiled during the
second and third centuries, the prayer for

10 s. vii. JAN. 12, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

33-

the Competentes begins, " Pray, ye candi-
dates for baptism " ; and that for the
penitents, " Pray, ye penitents." But the
bidding prayer for the faithful, when the
penitents have been dismissed, begins,
" Let us pray," &c. : " Let us pray for the
Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church from
one end [of the earth] to the other, that the
Lord would preserve and keep it firm and
unshaken, as founded upon a rock, unto
the end of the world." Vide ' Prosphonesis '
in Riddle's ' Christian Antiquities,' 1843,
pp. 382, 400-6, and 612; also Smith's
' Christian Antiquities,' 1880, s.v. ' Pros-
phonesis,' pp. 1738-9.

J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.

SPLIT INFINITIVE IN MILTON (10 S. vi.
409, 473). I have made a careful reading
of Milton's poetry for the purpose of observ-
ing characteristics of diction, but my task did
not result in the discovery of any example
of this notorious form. I doubt its exist-
ence in any of his works. Perhaps the in-
quiry has arisen through confusion with
regard to some popular poet of our own day.

W. B.

'THE CANADIAN GIRL' (10 S. vi. 448).
No such books as 'The Canadian Girl' or
' The Jew's Daughter ' are known to English
bibliographers. I am not able to find either
in our national library under the above titles.

RALPH THOMAS.

VICTOR HUGO'S PROPERTY IN ENGLAND
(10 S. vi. 488). The advice to a son as to
getting money, and the quotation from
Horace mentioned, remind one of a jingle
which (?) once formed part of a popular
song on getting rich quickly :

Get money, my son, get money if you can,
And don't lose time in getting it ;
Get money, my son, get money how you can,
But don't (jet "time" in getting it.

R. S. B.

THE ADMIRABLE CRICHTON (10 S. vi. 465).
MR. PEET may like to know that there
was a copy (printed by Zileti in 1580) of
the original challenge in Shrewsbury Public
School in 1836. See T. F. Dibdin's ' Remi-
niscences of a Literary Life,' London, 1836,
8vo, p. 968. However, it may have been
the private property of the head master,
Archdeacon Butler, as Dibdin is too long-
winded to be precise. J. CARTON.
King's Inns Library, Dublin.

"OVER FORK: FORK OVER" (10 S. vi.
449). " Over, fork over," is the motto of
the Cuninghame family, whose arms display
a shake-fork sable on a field argent. Nisbet

has the following as to the origin of the
motto and arms :

" Frederick Vanbassan, a Norwegian and a very
confident genealogist, wrote a Manuscript (now in
the Lawyers' Library) of the rise of some families
with us, amongst whom is that of the Cunning-
hams, whose first progenitor he calls Malcolm -
the son of Friskine, who assisted Prince Malcolm
(afterwards king, surnamed Canmore) to escape
from Macbeth's tyranny; and being hotly pursued,
by the usurper's men, was forced at a place to hide
his master by forking straw or hay above him ; and
after, upon that Prince's happy accession to the
crown, he rewarded his preserver Malcolm with the
thanedom of Cunningham, from which he and his
posterity have their surname, and took this figure
to represent the shakefork with which he forked
hay or straw above the Prince, to perpetuate the
happy deliverance their progenitor had the good
fortune to give to their Prince. " ' Heraldry,' i. 192.
HERBERT MAXWELL.

The arms are probably those of Sir
Thomas Montgomery Cuninghame (Arg., a
shake-fork sa. ; in chief a crescent az. ),
whose motto is " Over fork over."

The following appears in Sir Bernard
Burke's ' Peerage and Baronetage ' :

"Van Bassen, in his 'History of the Kings of
Scotland,' states that this family is descended from
one Malcolm, son of Freskin, who, when Prince
Malcolm fled from Macbeth towards England, after
the murder of King Duncan, concealed the prince
from his pursuers, by forking hay or straw over
him ; and for this service King Malcolm, after his
restoration, conferred the thanedom of Cuning-
hame upon his preserver."

JOHN P. STILWELL.

Hilfield, Yateley, Hants.

See ' A Short View of the Families of the
Scottish Nobility,' by Mr. Salmon, 1759,,

p. 48. J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.

[T. F. D. and A. K. also thanked for replies.]

"OMNE BONTJM DEI DONUM " (10 S. vi.

448). See 1 Tim. iv. 4 and James i. 17.

W. D. MACRAY.

This is probably a contraction, in motto-
form, of James i. 17 : " Omne datum,
optimum et omne donum perfectum desur-
sum est descendens a Patre."

FRANCIS KING.

This motto, " Every good thing is from .
God," is borne by the old family of Boughton,
now represented by the Rouse-Boughtons,
baronets, of Downton Hall, Ludlow, Salop.
RICHARD WELFORD.
Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
[MR. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL also refers to James.]

BELL-HORSES (10 S. vi. 469). Perhaps a
few words on this subject from one well
acquainted with the Sussex border of Surrey
may not be unacceptable to C. M. In the-

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL JAN. 12, 1907.

^fifties of last century most of the farm
teams had bells. They hung on a metal
frame fixed on the hames three or four
bells on each horse. Their sound was cheer-
ful, and very useful on unlighted roads and
in narrow lanes. Bells went out of use in
the sixties.

As children we ran races, and we were
started with the words,

Bell-horses, bell-horses, what time of day ?
One o'clock, two o'clock, three, and away !
At the last word we were off.

JOHN P. STILWELL.
Hilfield, Yateley.

In parts of Kent bells are still carried on
special occasions, as when the first load of
hops is taken to the railway, or when on a
journey beyond the immediate home dis-
trict. The bells are in wooden boxes, open
below, and fixed to the top points of the
hames. Four, or five of the smaller ones,
go to a box, and three horses are needed to
carry a whole set of from thirteen to fifteen.
They are the property of the waggoners
(not of the farmers), and most of them are
supposed to have been won in contests or
given at some special time (such as com-
pletion of twenty-five years' service for one
master) in " the good old days." I am told
that no new ones have been acquired for
many years, which seems a pity, for I know
nothing that sounds more charmingly rural
than the bells of a fine team, walking over
a firm road in the first crisp of autumn :
as one may hear them around Brenchley,
Horsmonden, Cranbrook, or the Faxleighs,
.and even, sometimes, at Tonbridge.

H. SNOWDEN WARD.
Hadlow, Kent.

LOCALITIES WANTED (10 S. vi. 430).

.All the houses mentioned in the query are
"hospitals." Items 1 and 6 and probably
12, are lazar-houses. Item 7 is a " poor
hospital."

I am afraid I cannot give any definite
information. I suggest, however, that,
with regard to item 2, as the Hospital of
:St. Laurence is said in the Patent Roll to
have been at Chippenham, Wilts, it may
have occupied the site known as Monkton j
there ; with regard to item 3, as the Knights j
Hospitallers possessed lands at Chilcombe,
Dorset, perhaps the " Hospital of St. John '
the Baptist at Clelecombe " was situate I
there and belonged to them : with regard !
to item 5, as the Hospital of St. Mary, Hare- }
ford, possessed lands at Stakeston, Yorks
(i.e., presumably Staxton, near Willerby, [
.near Hull), Hareford is more likely to be j

Hartford (Cheshire) than Harford (Devon)
or Hereford or Hertford. With regard to
items 6 and 8, according to Tanner's
* Notitia Monastica ' there was a lazar-
house about two miles from Oxborough,
on the road to Cockley Cley before you came
to Langwade Cross (I have been unable to
verify the reference to Blomefield's ' Nor-
folk ') ; and I would note that in the ' Cal.
Papal Letters,' iv. 407, mention is made of
the chapel of St. Mary the Virgin at Morselet,
Langford, Norfolk. With regard to item 1,
the lazar-house in question was at the end
of a bridge. There are Beightons in Derby-
shire and Norfolk, and, I believe, one near
Sheffield existed ; and there is a Beyton in
Suffolk. Has one of these places an ancient
bridge ? JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.

BYRON'S ' DON JUAN ' (10 S. vi. 369, 475).
If I am not very much mistaken, the
quotation marks are quite justified. The
passage and incident is to be found, I believe,
in the introduction or in the notes of one of
the Waverley Novels. I have seen it during
the last four or five years, but cannot just
now find it again. WM. H. PEET.

MUSICAL COMPOSERS AS PIANISTS (10 S.
vi. 490). I can at once think of two great
composers who did not, and could not,
play the piano : Louis Spohr and Hector
Berlioz. WILLIAM H. CUMMINGS.

Je me souviens entre autres exemples,
et bien typique celui-la, que Berlioz n'a
jamais pu jouer sur le piano. Cf. ses
' Memoires ' (Charpentier editeur), ou il
raconte que, lors de sa tournee en Russie,
il provoqua certains doutes touchant son
identite, pour avoir declar6 son ignorance
sur le piano.

Au Conservatoire (Paris) Ton dit couram-
ment d'un mauvais executant, " II joue
comme un compositeur."

En composant Berlioz s'aidait d'une
flute. Dans les ' Memoires ' il cite d' autres
compositeurs aussi inhabiles que lui.

P. A. S.

' DEATH AND THE SINNER ' (10 S. vi. 388,
436, 473). At ST. SWITHIN'S request I have
much pleasure in sending for the columns
of ' N- & Q.' the following five verses of
' Death and the Sinner,' which I have been
successful in getting through a friend from
the village of Ulsta, in the island of Yell.
An elderly woman, also born in Yell, but
now residing in Lerwick, informs me that
many years ago an acquaintance wrote out
from memory for her a copy which consisted
of many verses. Unfortunately, the copy

10 s. VIL JA*. 12, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

^afterwards was lent, and was never returned.
If I come across any further information
relating to ' Death and the Sinner,' I shall
certainly send it to ' N. & Q.' for the benefit
of ST. SWITHIN or any other reader who may
t>e interested in it :

" Sinner ! I come by Heaven's decree,
JMy warrant is to summon thee ;
And whether thou'rt prepared or no,
'This very night even thou must go."

"'Ah, ghastly Death ! but thou look'st pale,
And opest a door to heaven or hell ;
Then wilt thou not with me forbear,
And spare me yet another year ?

O Death ! have mercy on my age,
And spare me yet upon this stage ;
For I am just a flower in bloom,
And wilt thou cut me down so soon ? "

" Youth or age I ne'er have spared,
But if you look in yon churchyard
You '11 see them there in hundreds lie,
Whom I have made my lawful prey."

" Death ! no mercy wilt thou show,
But unto Jesus will I go,
Who rose triumphant from the grave,
A guilty wretch like me to save.

THOMAS MATHEWSON.
4, Greenfield Place, Lerwick, Shetland.

AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (10 S.
vi. 489).

The maiden's delight, the chaperon's fear.
1 regret not being able to give the reference
asked for by SIR AFFABLE, and perhaps the
generally accepted authorship at the time
George Whyte-Melville and I used to meet
In the Vale of White Horse may be considered
too sketchy to warrant my having given the
name of my friend as the author.

HAROLD MALET, Col.

With respect to the question raised by
SIR AFFABLE and the editorial note thereon,
I may say that the lines appear as follows
in chap. ii. of Whyte-Melville's novel ' Good
for Nothing ' :

The damsel's delight and the chaperone's fear,
He is voted a trump amongst men ;

His father allows him two hundred a year,

And he 'II lay you a thousand to ten.
The novelist is moralizing on fast young
men, and speaks of these lines as being
" the modern satirist's description of a
promising young man." Whyte-Melville
would surely not refer to himself in this way,
and I should consider it very improbable
that he was their author.

JOHN T. PAGE.

As to the author of the lines on clouds
^tvith silver linings, I may say that the
-quotation, though incorrectly given, comes
irom ' Verses, Wise or Otherwise,' by Ellen

Thorneycroft Fowler, first published in
1 895, and reissued about a year ago by Messrs.
Cassell & Co. The poem they are taken
from is called The Wisdom of Folly.'

As my wife is constantly receiving letters
about these lines, and as they are printed
(without name or acknowledgment) in at
least one collection of verse, I may perhaps
be allowed to quote the stanza in full :
Though outwardly a gloomy shroud,
The inner half of every cloud

Is bright and shining :
I therefore turn my clouds about,
And always wear them inside out

To show the lining.
ALFRED LAURENCE FELKIN.

There is a parallel to MR. PICKFORD'S
quotation in a South Indian proverb, pro-
bably also North Indian : " The pagoda
cat does not fear the gods." R. S.

ST. EDITH (10 S. vi. 29, 70, 91, 116, 513).
There need be no difficulty in consulting
the metrical life of St. Edith. The legend
has been reprinted since 1851. The title
is " St. Editha, sive Chronicon Vilodunense,
herausgegeben von C. Horstmann, Heil-
bronn, 1883." The extracts quoted are
obviously garbled and modernized.

Our Anglo-Saxon heroes and saints are
only known by name as recorded in vile
and misleading spellings, due to the in-
genuity of Norman scribes. St. " Editha "
would not have recognized her own name
in such an absurd form ; for her name was
" Eadgyth," with long ea and long y, both
parts being intelligible. Here ead meant
" prosperity," and gyth probably meant
" war." The suffix -gyth is extremely com-
mon in the latter part of a name ; but the
Normans ignored the g in such a position.
WALTER W. SKEAT.

ROOSEVELT: ITS PRONUNCIATION (10 S.
vi. 368). President Roosevelt's name is
pronounced in three syllables, accented on
the first, where oo is like o long and the s
has the sound of z, as in rose the e of the
second syllable being very short and lightly
touched, or nearly like the sound of u in but.

M. C. L.

New York.

The name of the Dutch family from which
the twenty-sixth President of the United
States is descended was originally Rosevelt,
or rather Van Rosevelt, and was so borne
by Mijnheer Claes Martenzoon van Rosevelt,
who emigrated from Holland to New Amster-
dam about 1650. Later, for some reason
that I am unable to ascertain, the surname
was changed to Roosevelt and the patro-

NOTES AND QUERIES, no s. VIL JAN. 12, 1907.

nymic " van " dropped. The pronunciation
most frequently heard is " Rosevelt," but
the editor of one of the principal papers here
informs me that in higher circles it is better
rendered as a word of three syllables,
*' Roos-eh-velt," which approximates closely
to its sound in present-day Dutch, i.e.
Roosafelt. Other eminent men of the clan
are Nicholas J. Roosevelt, the engineer who
invented the steamboat paddle-wheel, and
partner of the celebrated Robert Fulton ;
and Robert Burnwell Roosevelt, author of
* The Game Birds of America,' &c., an uncle
of the President. N. W. HILL.

Philadelphia.

THE AINSTY OF YORK (10 S. vi. 462, 511).
The explanation of ainsty given by PROF.
SKEAT at the latter reference is identical
with that given by me in ' N. & Q.' on 1 1 July,
1904, when I said (10 S. ii. 97) :

" The word with which we have to do is A.-S.
dnstlg, 0. N. eiiistigi, Norwegian einstig, a single or
one-by-one path, like the Northern dialectal bridle-
sty, a road wide enough for one horse or carriage."

The reference to this note is given by
MB. MACMICHAEL, but PROF. SKEAT over-
looks it, and says : " The sense of Anstey,
in Herts, is perfectly well known, and was
explained two years ago in my ' Place-
Names of Herts.' " The meaning of " The
Ainsty of York " was, at any rate, explained
by me at an earlier time. My explanation
was founded on a passage which I quoted
from the ' Hundred Rolls,' where the
Aynesty of York is mentioned as having
anciently been via regia. S. O. ADDY.

CALIFORNIA^ ENGLISH : AMERICAN COIN-
NAMES (10 S. vi. 381). I have no personal
knowledge of San Franciscan speech, and
am not concerned to apologize for it ; but
I may correct or supplement MR. DOUGLAS
OWEN'S remarks on one or two matters of
fact.

No doubt the colloquial application to a
person of the adjective husky came about,
as suggested, by transference from the name
of the lusty sledge-dogs of the North, but
the dog-name husky does not pertain merely
to the leader of the team, as MR. OWEN
supposes, though naturally the strongest
and most capable dog is selected for this
office ; it describes the breed. They are
Eskimo dogs, Eskimos, shortened to Eskies,
and corrupted to Huskies and they were
so called in the early days of Hudson Bay
Company travel.

Again, referring to prices, MR. OWEN
speaks of a " bit, an imaginary coin of 12|
cents," adding, " If such a coin as a bit ever

existed here, it is beyond the memory of the-
elderly." This coin is not at all imaginary,,
though it is no longer in circulation and wa&
not of United States coinage. When it i&
recalled that, practically, national coinage
did not begin till 1795, and that the amount
of its issue met the people's needs very
inadequately for a long time, it will be under-
stood why, during the first half of the last
century, the Spanish-American coins that
had been in use during colonial days were
quite as abundant as the national coins,,
and were considered legal tender. These
were the dollar (once the " piece of eight ")
and four smaller coins, representing its
aliquot parts from one-half to one-sixteenth.

The one representing one-eighth of a
dollar, or 12J cents the real or so-called
" Mexican shilling " was fully as familiar
to my childhood as was the dime, and so,
too, was the half-real, as a "sixpence,"
Some years ago, in examining letters left
by a relative, I noticed that there were
many, dated in the early forties, the postage
of which was marked at 18| cents, an amount
impossible to pay in national coins.

This Mexican real was current everywhere
at the value of 12^ cents, but it had different
names in different States, the name usually
marking its proportion of the value of the
shilling of such State the money of account
by which people continued to reckon long
after the adoption of the decimal system.
In New York, e.g., where eight shillings
were counted to a dollar, it was a " shilling,"
but in Connecticut, whose shilling of account
was 16f cents, it was " ninepence " ; while
in Pennsylvania, with a shilling worth
13^ cents, it was an " elevenpenny bit,"
shortened to levy ; and in Georgia, a " seven-
penny bit," shortened to bit. The name
bit was taken up by most of the Western
and Southern States beyond the Mississippi
as they were settled. In California, from
special circumstances, the coin must have
continued in circulation for some years after
the San Francisco mint was opened in 1854,
and, doubtless because it gives an easy way
of reckoning, people still count by it.

My reply is so long that I will defer till,
some possible future time comment upon,
part of the colloquialisms noted by MR.
OWEN. M. C. L.

New York City.

MR. DOUGLAS OWEN is to be praised as a
zealous collector of phrases curiously dis-
tressing to the ordinary English native of
these days, for in this mustering we catch
the index-finger of Time. Yet when one
recalls the Hon. J. R. Lowell's charming

lo s. VIL JAN. 12, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

chapter on pure Americanisms inserted by
-way of introducing the subtilities of his
immortal ' Biglow Papers ' these introduc-
tory words a glittering array of examples,
each example traced, with the complete
searching patience of the real scholar of
real genius, right to the mouths, so to speak,
and to the printed writings in poetry and
prose, of the Englishmen actually breathing
English air in Queen Elizabeth's time or
earlier truly a mortal cannot help tiring
at moments of the ever-bewailing spirit in
the matter of American expressions on the
part of the latter-day Englishman. Surely
the English-speaking Anglo-Saxon Yankee
who first came to the eastern shores of
America, wending his way by cart and
stream to the Pacific, sprang direct from
the loins of a sturdy gang of Englishers of
that period, and surely the latter were un-
adulterated Englishers, their English pure
English. But may be, to guess from his
two names, personal and patronymic, MR.
OWEN here is a combination of Welsh and
f3cot, and consequently, by reason of racial
instinct, somewhat blind to inherited early
Anglo- Saxonisms that take their root in
ancient England. J. G. CUPPLES.

Brookline, Massachusetts.

I suggest for ticky, a name for the three-
penny piece, an origin from " tizzy," and a
reference to Skeat's dictionary under the
words " tester," " testy," and " tetchy."
I make the suggestion with an apology to
Prof. Skeat, who does not consider that the
last word has any connexion with the former
two. FRANK PENNY.

CLIPPINGDALE (10 S. vi. 151, 237, 472).
Samuel Dodd Clippingdale, M.R.C.S. in
1834 (who I believe is still living), was the
father of the original querist. DR. S. D.
CLIPPINGDALE THE YOUNGER has privately
printed a very concise and well-certified
family history of his people, who are re-
markable as having been Middlesex folks
continuously for three centuries, and for
their long association with the Thames.
Many of the family are buried in a vault
at St. Matthias's, Poplar.

FRED. HITCHIN-KEMP.
6, Beechfield Road, Catforcl, S.E.

T. CHIPPENDALE, UPHOLSTERER : W.
CHIPPENDALE (10 S. vi. 447). Frederick
Litchfield in his ' History of Furniture '
(1892) says :

" Thomas Chippendale appears to have succeeded
"his father a chairmaker and to have carried on a
large and successful business in St. Martin's Lane,

which was, at that time, an important art centre,
and close to the newly founded Royal Academy."

Chippendale published ' The Gentleman
and Cabinet-Maker's Director,' the same
authority adds,

" not, as stated in the introduction to the Catalogue
to the South Kensington Museum, in 1769, but some
years previously, as is testified by a copy of the
third edition of the work, which is in the writer's
possession, and bears date 1762, the first edition
having appeared in 1754 and the second in 1759."
Part of the title-page of the third edition
runs as follows :

" Thomas Chippendale, Cabinet- Maker and Up-
holster, in St. Martin's Lane, London. Printed
tor the Author, and sold at his House in St. Martin's
Lane ; also by T. Becket and P. A. de Hondt in the
Strand. M.D.C.C.LXII."

A cutting I possess from a recent issue of
The Cabinet- Maker records :

" Chippendale whose furniture now commands
such extraordinary prices was originally an estate
carpenter at Nostell Priory, near Wakefield, the
residence of Lord and Lady St. Oswald. Noswell
Priory is a comparatively modern mansion, so named
as it stands upon the site of an ancient priory of
Augustine canons. It contains some of Chippen-
dale s best work."

Mr. K. Warren Clouston in his ' Chippen-
dale Period in English Furniture' (1897)
remarks :

"The Thomas Chippendale who is famous all the
world over was born in Worcestershire, but beyond
that nothing is known of his personal history."
As MR. JOHN Hess correctly writes, the dates
of his birth and death have not been ascer-
tained, but " George Smith, Upholsterer to
his Majesty," in 1826, alludes to him as the
"elder Mr. Chippendale," and fixes the
approximate date of his son and name-
sake's death by stating that

"Thomas Chippendale (lately deceased), though
possessing great taste and ability as a draughtsman
and designer, was known only to a few."

The first edition of Chippendale's book
was published at 31. IBs. 6d., and it con-
tained 160 copperplate illustrations. It
was dedicated to Prince William Henry,
and the second to the Earl of Northumber-
land. HARRY HEMS.
Fair Park, Exeter.

Chippendale dwelt at the sign of " The
Chair "probably meaning the " Covered
Chair." or " Sedan "in St. Martin's Lane,
afterwards No. 60, long before 1806. In the
advertisement, in 1756, of his second edition
of 'The Gentleman and Cabinet-Maker's
Director,' he desires "All Commissions for
Household Furniture, or Drawing thereof,
to be sent to the Cabinet and Upholstery
Warehouse, at the Chair in St. Martin's

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL JA*. 12, 1907.

Lane," his colleague at that time being
J. Rannie. These extensive premises were,
when J. T. Smith wrote ' Nollekens and his
Times ' (in 1828), occupied by a Mr. Stutely,
builder. Smith prophesied the return of
the public taste to Chippendale. (See ' The
Story of Charing Cross,' 1906, pp. 178-9.)

J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.

The following excerpta confirm and supple-
ment MR. HEBB'S interesting note :

From ' The New Complete Guide,' 1783,
p. 213 : " Chippindale and Hage, Cabinet-
makers, 60, St. Martin's Lane, near Long
Acre."

From ' The Universal British Directory,'
1790, vol. i. p. 103 : " Chippendall [sic] and
Co., Upholders, 60, St. Martin's Lane."

To this date the name does not occur in
Great Queen Street.

From Johnstone's ' London Commercial
Guide and Street Directory,' 1817 : " Thos.
Chippendale, Upholder and Undertaker,
57, Haymarket." " William Chippendale
and Robert Chippendale, Jun., Solicitors,
56, Great Queen Street."

I cannot trace William Chippendale's
connexion with the Royal Circus in either
'Memoirs of J. Decastro,' 1824, or Cir-
cusiana,' by J. C. Cross, 1809.

ALECK ABRAHAMS.
39, Hillmarton Road, N.

"SEARCHERS" (10 S. vi. 150, 213).
The modern designation would be " a jury
of matrons " ; but the penultimate sen-
tence of the following interesting old case,
temp. Elizabeth, contains the word " search "
in the sense of the query :

" La Dame Willoughbies Case. Eu October anno
38 Reginee mine Sir Francis Willoughby Chi valer
morust sa feme enseint, sur que Percival Willoughby
que avoit espouse 1'eigne file Sir Francis, et avoit
convey a luy sur son marriage le greinder part des
possessions del dit Sir Francis en default de issue
male, attempt de suffer common recovery, sur que
il entend que le remainder en use limit al primer
fits del Sir Francis seroit barre, et issint Tissue en
ventre sa mere disherit. La feme Sir Francis sua
as Justices et as Seignors del Counsel d'estopper le
proceeding del recovery, sur surmise que el fuit
enseint, quel fuit grant ; sur que Percival fait
suggestion en Chancery, que la dame affirm luy
d'estre enseint, \ou el ne fuit, et per ceo el detain
les evidences del terre, et auxi luy estop del re-
covery, et per ceo il praya breve tie ventre inspi-
ciendo, quel Termino Pasch, anno 39 Reginse fuit
grant Vicounts London, sur que les Vicounts de
London repair en person del suddain al meason la
dame en Pauls Church-yard vers le Thames, et la ils
amesne ove eux un inquest de femes, dont deux
fuerunt midwives, et ils veignont en le Chamber la
dame, et mistont a luy les femes jurus per eux
devant iur searcher, trier, et vray dire s'el fuit
enseint ; et les Viscounts et touts homes depart

hors del Chamber, et les femes search la dame, et
retorne lour verdict que el fuit enseint : per que les
Vicounts font retorn del breve accordant."
I have thought it well to extend the abbre-
viated words, and I may say that a " re-
covery " was an old mode of barring entails
which was abolished by an Act of 1833. The
writ for this inquest, it will be observed, is
directed to the sheriffs. MISTLETOE.

ADMIRAL CHRIST EPITAPH (10 S. vi. 425,
517). I am much obliged to W. C. B. for
his reply to my query. I am also grateful
for DR. FORSHAW'S notes respecting the
epitaph. The reference from Mr. J. Potter
Briscoe's ' Gleanings from God's Acre '
had, however, already appeared at 8 S. i.
279. I may add that I made a pretty
exhaustive search in Stepney Churchyard
for the grave of Capt. John Dunch (ob. 1696)
some twelve or fourteen years ago, but
failed to find it, so I presume it is not now
in evidence. JOHN T. PAGE.

Long Itchington, Warwickshire.

In the churchyard of Malborough, near
Kingsbridge, Devon, is a slight variant of
the Selby epitaph, on a man, aged forty-
seven, who died in 1803, as follows :

Though boisterous winds and Neptune's waves

Have tossed me to and Fro,
Yet I at last by God's decree

Am Anchored here below
In hopes once more for to set sail

With all our noble fleet,
With trumpets sounding in the air,

My General Christ to meet.
In the churchyard of East Portlemouth,,
also near Kingsbridge, is an epitaph of a
similar character, on a man, aged eighty-one,,
who died in 1819 :

Tho' Boreas' blasts and Neptune's waves

Have tos'd me too and fro,
Yet I at last by God's decree

Do harbour here below,
When at an anchor I do ride
With one I 'm glad to meet,
Yet once again we must set sail

To join our Saviour's fleet.
Both places are very near the sea.

A. J. DAVY.
Torquay.

LADY ARBELLA JOHNSON (10 S. vi. 508).
See 10 S. iv. 227, also the ' Diet. Nat. Biog.'
under Isaac Johnson, her husband, one of
the founders of the State of Massachusetts.
She was a descendant of George, Duke of
Clarence ; and if MR. HUISH has any in-
formation about her descendants, I should
be grateful for a note of it.

(Marquis de) RTJVIGNY.

Chertsey.

10 s. VIL JAN. 12, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &o.

Homer and his Age. By Andrew Lang. (Long-
mans & Co.)

THERE is no more polished and skilful fighter in the
literary lists than Mr. Lang, and he easily makes
fun of the extraordinary conclusions and assertions
of the learned Teuton. But he lacks that thorough-
ness which distinguishes the best German scholar-
ship, and in this volume, as in some others he has
written, he makes us regret that he has not gone
deeper, and written all round the subject with the
acuteness which he shows in his partial treatment.
In 1893 his ' Homer and the Epic ' argued for the
unity of Homer, and now he has returned to the
charge in a shorter book. When we say that it
contains but 326 pages of leisurely print, the expert
will easily imagine that the treatment is far from
exhaustive.

Mr. Lang's thesis is that Homer, both in the
' Iliad ' and ' Odyssey,' depicts the life of a single
brief age of culture an age which " is sundered
from the Mycenaean prime by the century or two in
which changing ideas led to the superseding of
burial by burning." Roughly, this date seems to
the present reviewer correct for at any rate the
core of the poem ; but that the whole of the ' Iliad '
and the ' Odyssey ' as we now know them is the work
of that one age Mr. Lang has not persuaded us. He
demolishes easily special points in theories which
suppose different dates of composition for various
parts of the poem, but he has, on his own view, to
make admissions of later insertions. Thus we read
on p. 124 that "it is a critical error to insist on
taking Homer absolutely and always an pied de la
lettre ; but with due deference to Mr. Lang, it
seems to us that this is the very method by which
he often confutes his adversaries. Of a line twice
appearing in the ' Odyssey ' (xvi. 294 and xix. 13)
he says (p. 193) that, because it disregards the dis-
tinction iron for implements, bronze for weapons,
" it must therefore be a very late addition ; it may be
removed without injuring the sense of the passage
in which it occurs." This seems to us a significant
Argal for the other side, and the easy condition
that the sense of the passage is not injured would
allow of excisions of a wholesale character such
excisions, indeed, as are made by those who suppose
a core of narrative and a gradual addition to it, not
necessarily contemporaneous. Here, in fact, we
come upon a criterion of literary judgment in which
technical scholars and men of letters may differ. It
is all very well to say that Homer, a writer of one
age, shows "unus color." That quality has been
ascribed to our Authorized Bible, with some justifi-
cation, we think, yet the version of James was a
polishing by many hands of previous renderings
which have very various sources. Would not many
critics select the stories of Ali Baba and Aladdin
as the most characteristic of the ' Arabian Nights ' ?
Yet Mr. Lane-Poole has recently told us that these
two tales ' ' occur in no manuscript or printed text
of the collected tales." The professional Orientalist
might discover this, but would the literary critic ?

The most valuable part of the volume is that con-
cerning the question of Homeric dress and armour,
which Mr. Lang treats in detail and with great
acuteness. He gives us, with that zeal for com-
parative anthropology which distinguishes him,

pictures of 'Algonquins under Shield,' an Algon-
quin corslet and evidence of warlike accoutrements
derived from early Greek vases. In the matter of
dress we think date is very difficult to determine.
Nothing shows survivals in culture more, apparently
meaningless survivals of arrangements and words.
The retention of such terms concerning obsolete
things Mr. Lang admits on p. 204. The alternative
is to omit another unfortunate line in the 'Odyssey,'
whioh " does not apply to the state of things in the
' Iliad,' while it contradicts the whole ' Odyssey,'
in which swords and spears are always of bronze
when their metal is mentioned."

It will be seen that the best of theories have their
drawbacks.

On the human side of Agamemnon and Nestor, as
characters drawn with skill (and possibly derived
from real prototypes), Mr. Lang is admirable. He
analyzes with gusto the boasts of Nestor and the
frailties of Agamemnon. This is a point of view
generally neglected by lovers of Greek grammar,
who dote on the digamma and cannot see a jest. It
has always struck us as a veracious touch that
Achilles, in a rage with Agamemnon, should say
that the monarch was the worse for drink. There is
no reason to suppose that it was so, but the taunt
is common now.

On the linguistic side Mr. Lang has given us very
little. He says, following Helbig, that Homer never
mentions seals or signet rings, and he follows this
up by asking: "How often are finger rings men-
tioned in the whole mass of Attic tragic poetry ?
We remember no example, and instances are
certainly rare. Liddell and Scott give none. Yet
the tragedians were, of course, familiar with rings
and seals." We must protest that we expect
a little more research than is implied in the mere
consulting of Liddell and Scott ! Those venerable
authorities are not aware that Agamemnon himself
seals an inscribed tablet in the ' Iphigeneia in
Aulis,' 38 ; in the same play Agamemnon instructs
the old man to "keep the seal (impression in wax)
on the tablet," 155. In the ' Hippolytus ' (864)
Theseus breaks the seal, his own wife's gold signet
(862), before reading Phaedra's indictment of Hippo-
lytus. Deianeira sends Lichas with a token which
her lord will "quickly recognize within the circle
of this seal" ('Trachinige,' 615).

We need hardly add that the book shows abundant
humour and an exceptionally wide range of compari-
son between ancient and modern times. It does
not excel in arrangement or compression, but it will
stimulate thoughtful students of the subject.

Popular Ballads of the Olden Time. Selected and
arranged by Frank Sidgwick. Third Series.
(A. H. Bullen.)

" I WADNA gi'e ae wheeple of a whaup (cry of a
curlew) for a' the nichtingales in England " is the
patriotic, but anonymous motto for the third volume
of Mr. Sidgwick's 'Popular Ballads,' which deals
with 'Ballads of Scottish Tradition and Romance.*
As the contents of the volume include such master-
pieces as ' The Hunting of the Cheviot ' (better
known as 'Chevy Chase'), 'Johnie Armstrong,'
' The Braes of Yarrow,' the modern ballad of
' Kinmont Willie,' ' Sir Patrick Spence,' ' Bessie
Bell and Mary Gray,' "Waly, waly, gin love be
bonny," ' The Heir of Linne,' and many more of
equal merit and celebrity, this outburst of Border
enthusiasm may pass without protest. A noble
collection of ballads is indeed given, and is said to-

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL JAN. 12, 1907.

comprise in an appendix a ballad, ' The Jolly
Juggler,' from a manuscript at Balliol College,
which does not appear in the monumental collection
of Prof. Child. In the latter are, however, ' The
Jolly Beggar' and 'The Gaberlunzie Man,' at-
tributed to James V., which have points of resem-
blance. A map to illustrate the Border ballads
extends from Edinburgh in the North to Durham
and Brancepeth in the South. A proximate volume
will consist of ballads dealing with Robin Hood.

A POEM by Mr. Thomas Hardy, entitled ' New
Year's Eve,' opens out The, Fortnightly for 1907.
.Not very satisfactory is it as an explanation of
Divine purpose in shaping the years. The second
'part of Leo Tolstoy's 'On Shakespeare and the
Drama' is as narrow and illogical as the first. We
recognize in the later instalment, however, the note
of personal vanity always to be expected in such
utterances. The whole constitutes a painful lesson
on human littleness. In ' The Tyranny of Clothes '
Mrs. John Lane is very humorous, but conveys in
laughing some home truths. Mr. Francis Gribble
gives a thoughtful paper upon Benjamin Constant
and his relations with Madame de Stael. 'A Celtic
Renaissance of the Past ' deals with Auguste
Brizeux, the national poet of Brittany. Mr. P. G.
Aflalo rhapsodizes about 'The Sportsman.' Mr.
John F. Macdonald's article on 'French Life and
the French Stage ' forms a further dissertation upon
M. Alfred Capus.

IN The Nineteenth Century M. Alfred Naquet,
an Ancien Senateur and Ancien Depute", writes
thoughtfully and well on ' Entente, English or
German.' 'The Curse of Machinery,' by Mr.
Reginald Newton Weekes, is a jeremiad something
in the style of Ruskin. M. Basil de Selincourt
writes on ' Giotto in Modern Life.' ' A Temperance
Town ' deals with the absolutely unreal character
of prohibition in an American town wherein the
sale of liquor is prohibited by the State law. The
whole atmosphere of public feeling is, we are told,

harged with intense irritation, and an overwhelm-
ing majority of the citizens are utterly opposed to
1 the severity of the existing liquor laws. In ' Bees

nd Blue Flowers ' the idea is confuted that flowers
have become blue because blue is the favourite
colour of bees. An important article is on ' Divorce
in the United States.' An admirably scholarly

Eaper is that by Mr. Herbert Paul on 'The
nnuence of Catullus.'

IN a very earnest number of The National Review
appear a few articles of a non-political character.
Prominent among these is ' Missing Chapters from
"The Garden that I Love,"' by the author of the
work so named. This gives some consoling obser-
vations upon the fact that there .are few periods of
the year in which the garden is totally denuded
of flowers. In Miss K. Batlmrst's 'Some More
Children's Essays ' we find a maiden of nine par-
donably misquoting Burns. We fancy there has
been in this a little assistance. The article is, how-
ever, edifying. ' Notes on Hare-Hunting,' by Lady
Gifford, shows little aversion from that species of
so-called sport. Sir Rowland Blennerhassett has a
^valuable article on ' The Hohenlohe Memoirs.'

IN The. Cornhill appears ' Lord Beacon sfield's
Portrait Gallery,' containing information a pro-
table source of some of which is 'N. & Q.' Mr.
Andrew Lang has a valuable paper on ' Border
History vtraux Border Ballads.' An edifying article

is by Prof. H. H. Turner on 'Greenwich Time,'
and an erudite one is that of Dr. Andrew Wilson
'About Opsonins.' An archaeological flavour
attaches to Mr. Arthur C. Benson's 'An Old
Parson's Day-book.'

' THE LANDSCAPE OF HARPIGNIES,' by Mr. C. J.
Holmes, is a sound and thoughtful piece of criti-
cism in The Burlington, and is accompanied by
many illustrations, one of which, 'The Storm,'
forms a striking frontispiece. Three other plates
are given, and have points of resemblance to the
English School. ' Notes on Palma Vecchio,' oy Mr.
Claude Phillips, are brilliantly illustrated. A re-
markable landscape by Hokusai, one of ' Thir y-Six
Views of Fuji,' affords a fine instance of printing in
colour. An editorial article on ' The Architecture
of our Public Buildings ' has also some capable
illustrations.

MESSRS. BELL announce an abridgment of
' Webster's International Dictionary,' to be issued
under the title of ' Webster's Collegiate Dictionary.'
This book is the largest and latest abridgment of
the ' International,' and contains, in addition to a
full vocabulory, several literary appendixes, in-
cluding a 'Glossary of Scottish Words and Phrases';
a 'Dictionary of Classical Mythology'; vocabu-
laries of rimes, proper names, &c., and quotations
from foreign languages ; and ' Tables of Abbrevia-
tions and Arbitrary Signs used in Writing and
Printing.'

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1. THE AGE OF REASON.

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lo s. VIL JAX. 19, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 1!), 1907.

CONTENTS. No. 160.

NOTES : Slavery in the United States, 41 Brasses at the
Bodleian, 42 Chertsey Monumental Inscriptions, 43
'Ham House,' by Mrs. Roundell, 44 "The Mahalla"
Coleridge's ' Dejection ' Anglo - Indian ' Little Jack
Homer' 'The Merchant's Magazine,' 45 "The Right'
and "The Wrong" Howson's Case, 46 "The Old High
lander" Carlisle: Carlyol, 47.

QUERIES : Public Office = Police-Office Frederic the
Great's MSS. 'The Sign of the Cleft,' 47 Philip
Wright, c. 1759 Gentleman's Evening Dress French
Revolution Andrew Jukes Duke of Kent's Chil-
dren Papyrus and Parchment "A penny saved i
two pence got" Lady Fanshawe's Memoirs, 48 Sir
Richard Fanshawe's Portrait Authors of Quotations
Wanted Brass Rubbings French Proverbs, 49 Brink-
low Family Tristan and Isolde Cruikshank's Remarque
Mrs. Mary Goodyer's Murder Aldworth of Berk
shire, 50.

REPLIES : "Thune" : " (Eil-de-boeuf," French Slang-
Words, 50 "Firgunanum" ^Edric, Duke of Mercia
Spelling Changes, 51 Folk-lore Origins Dorothy Vernon
Legend "Set up my rest," 53 Three-Candle Folk-lore-
Sir T. Davis, Lord Mayor A Knighthood of 1603, 54
Fairy-haunted Kensington Bell Inscriptions at Siresa
Macaulay's Letters to Randall Admiral Benbow's Death,
55 Blake's Songs : Early Reprint Gamelshiel Castle,
Haddingtonshire Bacchanals or Bag-o'-Nails Don-
caster: Image of the Blessed Virgin, 56 Eleanor of
Castile Cardinal Mezzofanti Monumental Inscriptions :
St. Faith S.P.Q.R., 57 " Romeland" MacNamara
Welsh A, 58.

NOTES ON BOOKS : ' New English Dictionary ' Platt's
'Last Ramble in the Classics.'

Booksellers' Catalogues.

SLAVERY IN THE UNITED STATES :

ITS CESSATION.
IN correcting one blunder (10 S. vi. 470)
MB. ALBERT MATTHEWS falls into another
much worse. So far from slavery legally
ceasing on 1 Jan., 1863, the Emancipation
Proclamation did not render it illegal on an
inch of territory ; and had the war ended
then, the very districts affected could have
bought a new set of slaves from the others.
It did not free even the existent slaves in
the loyal States or those forcibly prevented
from secession, nor (a significant fact) in the
seceded portions actually conquered, but
only in those io be conquered. It left nearly
a million slaves without even the inferable
promise of freedom. Why does MR.
MATTHEWS suppose the Thirteenth Amend-
ment to the Constitution, making slavery
thenceforth illegal, was passed in 1865 if
.there were no slaves to free ? Was this
elaborate, tune - and - labour - wasting, and
difficult machinery set at work to abolish
what did not exist ? The fact is that there
were then some quarter of a million un-
-questioned slaves, and several hundred
thousand more whose emancipation was
irregular and doubtful ; and that while
the Dred Scott decision stood unreversed
in the Supreme Court, slavery was still the

law of the land. The amendment
passed to countervail that decision and
make any revival of the institution impos-
sible, as well as to free the still remaining
slaves. The fugitive-slave laws were not
abolished till 28 June, 1864 : a useless per-
formance if there were no slaves to hunt
down. A very brief summary of the main
landmarks in the abolition of slavery may be
permitted :

6 Aug., 1861, all slaves employed against
the National Government freed ; 13 March,
1862, return of fugitive slaves by the army
prohibited ; 26 March, gradual emancipa-
tion after 4 July, 1863, voted by West
Virginia (a war creation) ; 16 April, slavery
in the District of Columbia (the Govern-
ment's property) abolished ; 19 June, the
same in the Territories (provisional States
under Government control) ; 17 July,
captured or fugitive slaves of all persons in
rebellion freed ; 22 Sept., Lincoln's pre-
liminary proclamation, threatening eman-
cipation if the seceding States did not yield ;
1 Jan, 1863, his great Emancipation Pro-
clamation, freeing all slaves in rebellious
territory thereafter conquered ; 24 June,
gradual emancipation after 4 July, 1870,
voted by Missouri ; 13 Feb., 1864, immediate
emancipation voted by a convention of the
part of Virginia held by the Federal Govern-
ment ; 24 Feb., all negro soldiers emanci-
pated; 28 June, fugitive-slave laws abolished ;
13 Oct., abolition of slavery by Maryland's
new constitution, secured by allowing
soldiers in the field to vote ; 11 Jan., 1865,
immediate emancipation voted by Missouri
in a new State convention ; 3 March, wives
and children of all negro soldiers emancipated.
Local conventions in Tennessee, Arkansas,
and Louisiana had also passed emancipation
ordinances for their States, of dubious
validity. This left the slaves in Kentucky
and Delaware unaffected, and those in
several other States of questionable status.
The Thirteenth Amendment had already
been passed by the Senate in 1864, but failed
of a two-thirds vote in the House ; the latter
body reversed its vote early in 1865, and
the amendment was ratified by thirty- one
States out of thirty-six, and went into
force 18 Dec. FORREST MORGAN.

Hartford, Conn.

MR. MATTHEWS at 10 S. vi. 470 makes a
blunder, both legal and historical, which
should 'not be let pass in the pages of ' N. & Q.'
He states that "slavery, which had previously
been abolished in many of the States, ceased
legally to exist throughout the United States
on 1 Jan., 1863 or nearly 44 years ago."

NOTES AND QUERIES, no s. VIL JAN. 19, 1907.

On 1 Jan., 1863, President Lincoln by
his Emancipation Proclamation set free the
slaves in Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana (except
thirteen parishes), Mississippi, Alabama,
Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North
Carolina, and Virginia (except forty-eight
counties). His proclamation did not destroy
the institution of slavery, but simply set free
the then slaves in those States, being the
States and portions of States in rebellion.
The slaves in the remaining slave territory
Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, Ten-
nessee, Missouri, the forty-eight counties of
Virginia, and the thirteen parishes of
Louisiana were still left in slavery, and
the institution of slavery was not attempted
to be destroyed in any of the States.

The Congress the Senate on 8 April,
1864, and the House of Representatives on
31 Jan., 1865 proposed an amendment to
the States, the first section of which is :

" Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, ex-
cept as a punishment for crime whereof the party
shall have been duly convicted, shall exist in the
United States, or any place subject to their juris-
diction."

This amendment to the Constitution of the
United States became a part of the Con-
stitution on 18 Dec., 1865, when Secretary
of State Seward announced that it had
received the ratifications of the requisite
number of States.

By that amendment on 18 Dec., 1865,
and not on 1 Jan., 1863 was slavery
abolished throughout the United States,
and the slaves who had not been set free by
the Proclamation of Lincoln obtained their
freeedom.

The error of MB. MATTHEWS is one that
is held by many, and I deem that a clear
statement of the facts will be interesting to
your readers. Lincoln set free many slaves
by the proclamation of 1863, but he made
no attempt to abolish slavery. There were
many legally held in slavery in the States
after his proclamation, and even after his
death ; for it was not till seven months
after his death that on 18 Dec., 1865,
slavery was abolished in the States which
in 1861 still maintained the institution,
and that the many remaining slaves were
freed. JOHN G. EWING.
Chicago.

BRASSES AT THE BODLEIAN.

THE late Rev. Herbert Haines, in his well-
known ' Manual of Monumental Brasses ' ,
(1861), part ii. p. 232, under a list of brasses
in " private possession, museums, &c.,"
states that in the Bodleian Library at

Oxford there was (in the Gough Collection)-
" A Rose, bearing an inscription c. 1410,
from a brass formerly in St. Peter's Church,
St. Albans," Herts. This rose is figured in
Gough's ' Sepulchral Monuments,' vol. ii.
part i. p, 335. Just when and how this
brass got away from St. Peter's Church is not
stated, or how it is supposed to have come
into Gough's possession. It would seem to
have passed into the hands of the Bodleian
with the rest of " the Gough Collection,"
which, presumably, included other brasses
taken from churches, as there are more
brasses recorded by Haines as at the
Bodleian.

In vol. i. No. 2 (June, 1897) of The Oxford
Journal of Monumental Brasses, at p. 80,
appears a query from Mr. William Frampton
Andrews, author of ' Memorial Brasses in
Hertfordshire Churches,' as to the then
whereabouts of this rose brass. Mr. Andrews
there states that the brass in question was
forthcoming at the Bodleian in 1864, but
was not there at the date quoted. Replying
to this query, Mr. P. Manning states in the
following issue of the same paper (December
1897), at pp. 124-5, that he had made
inquiries of Mr. E. W. B. Nicholson, Bodley's
Librarian, who stated that after careful
search among all Gough's copper plates,
he had been unable to discover this " rose."
Search was also made among the copper
plates in the Rawlinson Collection, with
the same result. (There is no reason why
a monumental brass should be classed with
copper plates or kept with them.) Mr.
Manning adds: "The oldest members of
the Bodleian staff have no recollection of
the rose." In the same communication
Mr. Manning further states that the mutilated
inscription to Sir John Wyngefeld, dated
1389 (among those returned by Haines as
at the Bodleian), was likewise not to be
found. This is also figured by Gough.

Now what can have become of these
valuable treasures ? So far as I am aware,
the above is the only time the query has
been made in print, and I thought it of
sufficient interest to archaeologists to repeat
it in ' N. & Q.,' as the wider circulation and
publication might possibly lead to the
rediscovery of the missing brasses. This
type of " rose " is all but unique, two only
being known to Haines this, and one

other, which he figures (Introd., p. 110)

though there are examples of other uses of
the rose on monumental brasses.

It is surely worth some organized effort
to recover or find these, and while it is bad
enough that brasses should be taken from

10 s. VIL JAN. 19, loo:.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

churches under any plea, it does seem in-
conceivable that such things could possibly
disappear from such custody as the Bodleian
Library at Oxford, unless by deliberate
theft, which, one would suppose, would be
immediately detected, though it might not
lead to the recovery' of the article purloined.
I do not wish to be taken as casting the least
imputation upon the authorities of this
great library, but I believe the matter to
be of enough importance to justify a thorough
investigation, as far as it may now be possible.
Is it not more than possible that these
plates have accidentally become hidden or
put away in some place to which they do not
belong ? It is true that England possesses
untold wealth in archaeological treasures
denied to the New World ; and while all
Americans are, by our English cousins,
popularly credited with being especially
desirous of procuring any of these, even
at the sacrifice of personal honour and
integrity, I think England does not realize
the amazement with which Americans
regard the apparent supineness and indiffer-
ence of the English public to the loss of
treasures which can never be replaced
Something disappears, but unless it be of
especial value or almost of national import-
ance (like a Gainsborough portrait), its
loss would not seem to provoke more than
a few passing remarks, and the incident is
relegated to oblivion, and so losses go on
small perhaps in themselves, but in th(
aggregate of inestimable value.

So far as brasses are concerned, there
would seem to be a decided opinion in Eng-
land, among those interested in this subject,
that any American would gladly barter his
soul to possess one, no matter how obtained ;
and I have in my possession a printed state-
ment from England (which emanates from
a source where certainly calmer judgment
should have prevailed) to the effect that
there is a regular market for such things
here, and they readily command fabulous
prices. May I, therefore, as one knowing
whereof I write, be permitted to state that
I am ignorant of any brass in this country,
either in public or private possession, nor
do I know of one ever having been offered

ffort to get such restored to their original
nomes. I could easily identify a brass,
more especially if it belonged to the list of
well-known " Lost Brasses " (alas that there
should be such a list !), as I possess prac-
tically everything of importance which has
3een published on monumental brasses.

STEWART FISKE.
Mobile, Ala., U.S.A.

CHERTSEY MONUMENTAL
INSCRIPTIONS.

KNOWING how valuable inscriptions are to
the genealogist, and how apt they are in the
course of time to get removed or destroyed,
I send copies of some that they may be
preserved in the pages of ' N. & Q.' I may
point out that Manning and Bray in their
' History of Surrey,' published in 1814,
i. 234, give copies of thirty-five inscriptions
originally in the parish church. Most of the
tablets and stones, however, from which
these were taken were probably destroyed
when the church was rebuilt in 1806; for
although the church now contains thirty-
three inscriptions, only twelve (Nos. 1, 4,
5, 6, 7, 8, 14, 15, 17, 18, 26, and 28 of the
present list) of those mentioned by Manning
and Bray exist to-day. Two (Nos. 9 and
27), however, of the remaining twenty-one,
dated 1736, and 1805 respectively, must
have existed in their time, but were appa-
rently overlooked.

of Surrey, | whose am
standing and Memory
dowments of Infancy,
;he most flattering Ho
Comfort. | But the A

able Disposition, | Under-
Surpassed the Usual En-
And afforded his Parents
)es | of future Honour and
mighty, | who knows and

T> J_ T 1 -_ 1

for sale
ordinary

and I am fairly confident that an
curio dealer would look on one

(if offered to him) somewhat dubiously, as
he would be at a loss how to dispose of it,
and at the most, it would not bring more
than a few dollars. If any fellow-disciple
of * N. & Q.' can tell me of any brasses in
the United States, I shall welcome the
i nf ormation, and I would certainly use every

stay, | Nor snatch'd thee from thy Friends away,
Thou shouldst have fill'd some nobler Place, | Th

Arms : Quarterly, 1 and 4, Or, a cross
gules, fretty of the first between four eagles

NOTES AND QUERIES, no s. VIL JAN. 19, 1907.

displayed sable, charged with a bezant or ;
2 and 3, Sable, on a fesse argent, between
three (? ) heads of the second, 2 and 1,
three mullets of the first.

-January, 1799. | Departed this Life the 24 th of
March, 1819.

.57 years; | and of Joseph their infant son | Watch
therefore, for ye know not | What Hour your Lord
. doth come. | Matt. c. 24, v. 42.

; said) j " We all must die, and I am not afraid : | No
good to me affords or Sigh or Tear : | I've done no
wrong, and therefore cannot fear ; | Good Works,
and Truth, shall cheer Life's parting Scene, | For
Virtue only makes the Mind Serene. | Yes, we
must part ! The Conflict now is o'er \ And Husband,
Children, Friends, in vain deplore ! | But ah ! blest
Saint ! to all around impart | Thy settled Goodness,
thy unerring Heart, | Which bade thee shine in
ev ry state of Life, | As Daughter, Maiden, Parent,
Friend, and Wife ! | Bade thee be pious : feelingly
to grieve | For others' Wants, and silently relieve !
I Bade thee, with Fortitude supreme, sustain | The
Waste of Sickness, and the Rack of Pain I So shall
we obtain Heaven's blest Abode, | Nor dread the
Presence of a righteous God ! "

I served his county with | Honesty, Integrity, and
Independence. | He died June 16 th , 1798, | in the
. sixty-eighth year of his Age. | Multis Flebilis.

Arms : Or, between a cross gules, fretty
of the first, 4 eagles displayed sable, charged
with a bezant or, impaling Sable, on a fesse
argent, between three ( ? ) heads of the
second, 2 and 1, three mullets of the first.

6. Near this place lies Interr'd the Body of I M r8
Jane Duncomb, wife of the Rev d | M r David Dun-
comb, Ob* June 18 th 1 1732, JEt. 52. | Also the Rev.
M r David Duncomb, M.A., Late Vicar of this
Parish, Ob* Aug* y e 27, 1 1736, ^Et. 54. | Sum Fui
et Ero.

7. Here vnder resteth the Bodye of Edward |
Carleton, Gent., late of this Towne, who | deceased
the 26 th Day of November, A Dni | 1618, and in the
54 yeare of his age.

* He laid the foundation stone of the present
church, 4 June, 1806.

8. Lavrentio Tomsono, honesta Tomsonorum
familia in agro | Northamptoniensi oriv'do, in
Collegio Oxo'ii Magdale'ensi | edvcato : -

llCH-J-V^ll^ KJVV/VACT^, J-VIAQOIC^, LtVUaCGy V^ ^1 lllOjliiCC I -1-tCll.lcC,

Galliae nobilitato : dvodecim lingyarv' cognitione |
instrycto, Theologie, Jvris civilis et mvnicipalis
nostri | totivsq; literatvrse politioris scientia claro :
ingenii | acvmine, dispvtandi svbtilitate, eloqvendi
syavitate | et lepore, virtvte omni pietateq; in-
signi, lingvse He | braicae pvblica Geneva profes-
sione celebri : accurata | Novi Testamenti transla-
tione notabili : in politicis apvd | Walsinghamvm,
Elizabettse Reginse scribam principvvm | diu
myltvmq; exercitato ; post cvjvs mortem vitse
pri | vat vmbratilisqve, jvcv'ditate annos viginti
continvos | Lalamise Middlesexite perfyncto; et
septvagenario | placidissime religiosissimiq; de-
fvncto qvarto calendas | Aprilis 1608. Vxor Jaiia,
et Jana filia ex qvinqve | vna syperstes filiabvs,
amoris ergo posverunt | et pietatis | . Vivunt qvi
Domino morivntrr.

RUVIGNY.
Galway Cottage, Chertsey.

(To be continued.)

'HAM HOUSE,' BY MRS. ROTJNDELL.
Having lately looked through the chapter
on the children of the Duchess of Lauderdale
in Mrs. Roundell's beautiful work on ' Ham
House,' and having made considerable
researches with regard to them and their
history, I beg to point out some defects and
omissions in the chapter.

In the first place, the authoress says that
they were all probably born at Helmingham.
But two of them certainly were baptized
at Great Fakenham, viz., Elizabeth, Lady
Lome, on 26 July, 1659, and William
Tolmach in February, 1662. The Countess
of Dysart lived at Fakenham in order to
bring up her children at Bury School.

Secondly, Mrs. Roundell says that " the
third son and youngest child was named
William. He was in the navy, and died
in the West Indies, whilst a youth."

This is hardly correct. He was captain
of H.M.S. the Jersey, captured after his
death by the French, and lost on a rock by
them ; and he died of yellow fever, probably
on 25 May, 1691, so that he was twenty-eight
or twenty-nine years of age. Mrs. Roundell
seems quite unacquainted with the story of
the duel in Paris in 1680 in which William
Tolmach killed the Hon. William Carnegie,
of which a full account, with documents
detailing the trial, is given by Sir William
Fraser in the history of the Carnegies. She
also seems not to have examined the Lauder-
dale MS. correspondence in the British
Museum, in which are signatures of the
Duchess ; nor the State papers on the trial
and outlawry of William Tolmach, and the
other State papers as to his trial in the West

10 s. VIL JAN. 19, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

Indies for manslaughter, when he was
branded on the hand, and yet within two
years- had a commission and was made
captain of the Jersey.

Another point is that she says the date
of the Duchess's death is not known. It is
given, however, in Luttrell's ' Diary.'

W. BALL WRIGHT.

Osbaldwick Vicarage, York.

" THE MAHALLA." " The troops of the
Mahalla, after pillaging the place [Raisuli's
stronghold], set it on fire." So we are told
in a telegram to the Matin from Tangier,
copied into The Morning Post (8 Jan.). A
telegram from Morocco to Le Figaro (6 Jan.)
says, " La mahalla a attaque Zinat."

As the word mahalla is not to be found in
French or English dictionaries, it may be
of use to explain the meaning of this foreign
technical term. It is an Arabic word mean-
ing an army or a corps d'armee.

The word mahalla is cognate with hilla,
" gens quae aliquo loco subsistit tentoria."
Both these Moorish words lingered on in
Spanish, as we may see in Dozy's ' Glossaire,'
pp. 54, 172. A. L. MAYHEW.

COLERIDGE'S ' DEJECTION ' : A MISPUNC-
TUATION. It is, I think, desirable that atten-
tion should be drawn to a mispunctuation
which has long disfigured a prominent
passage in Coleridge's poem ' Dejection.' In
the fifth stanza of the poem, which embodies
its central thought, the question,
What, and wherein it doth consist

This beautiful and beauty-making power?
(the power, that is, in the soul, through
which alone nature appears beautiful) is
answered in the following lines :

Joy, virtuous Lady ! Joy, that ne'er was given,
Save to the pure, and in their purest hour,
Life, and Life's effluence, cloud at once and shower,
Joy, Lady ! is the spirit and the power.
Which wedding Nature to us gives in dower,

A new Earth and new Heaven.
The mispunctuation consists in the insertion
of a comma at the end of the last line but
one.

The history of this comma is curious.
' Dejection ' was first published in The Morn-
ing Post for 4 Oct., 1802 ; and in this
version the last two lines of the above
passage have no stop, except a note of
exclamation at the end. This punctuation
was adhered to in all versions of the poem
which received the author's personal super-
vision. In 1834, however, Coleridge, being
too ill to attend to the new edition of his
poems, entrusted it to his nephew H. N.

Coleridge ; and it is in this edition of 1834-
that the comma first appears. Having
been once adopted, it has continued to
stand, I believe, in all subsequent editions,
including that of 1905 by Mr. Dykes Camp-
bell. So far as I know, the only modern
version of the poem with the original punc-
tuation occurs, not in an edition of Cole-
ridge's poems, but in Ward's ' Selections
from the English Poets.'

The fact that the inserted comma gives an
impossible sense to these lines (while it
renders its original adoption a mystery)
may explain why it has been ignored by
readers to whom the meaning of the whole
poem was never a matter of doubt. But
for the sake of less fortunate students of
the poem it would perhaps be well, not
merely that the comma should be deleted,
but that the passage should be fully punc-
tuated. There are two ways of punctuating
it, either of which is consistent with the true
sense of the passage ; but one of them has
obvious advantages over the other. We
may either read
Which, wedding Nature, to us gives in dower

A new Earth and new Heaven,
or
Which, wedding Nature to us, gives in dower

A new Earth and new Heaven ;
but of these two readings it is clearly the^
second which the rhythm and the metaphor
alike demand. J. SHAWCROSS.

ANGLO-INDIAN 'LITTLE JACK HORNER.'
The following linguistic curiosity seems
worth preserving here. It is a macaronic
version of ' Little Jack Horner,' partly in
English, partly in Urdu, which has been
found in use among ayahs and Anglo-Indian
children. Folk-lorists may like to compare
it with the Anglo-Chinese version in Leland's
' Pigeon English Sing-song,' 1876.

Chhota Jack Horner baitha in a corner

Khata his Christmas pie ;

Ungli pa daltFi, kishmish nikalta,

Bulwa, "Kaisa accha larka ham hai."

JAS. PLATT, Jun.

THE MERCHANT'S MAGAZINE, OR TRADES
MAN'S TREASURY,' c. 1700. An apparently
rather scarce book is " The Merchant's
Magazine, or Trades Man's Treasury. Fifth
Edition, corrected and improv'd by E,
Hatton, Gent. London, 1707," small quarto,
with a portrait of the author (by R. White),
aged 32, dated 1696. The British Museum
seems to have only the fourth edition, dated
1704.

There are some curious bits of information
in the book; for instance, concerning the

NOTES AND QUERIES. [10 s. vn. JAN. 19, 1907.

law of brokers, it states : " Now the number
of Brokers, and their Brokage are limitec
by a statute made for 7 years from Michal.
1700." The substance of this statute is
given under eighteen heads.

No. 4. The number of these brokers
(including all sorts before mentioned, viz.
exchange, trade, and stock brokers) are not
to exceed 100.

No. 11. Any broker taking above 10s
per cent, for brokage shall forfeit 101.

No. 12. All brokers legally sworn anc
admitted according to this statute sha
carry about them a silver medal, having on
one side his Majesty's coat of arms, and on
the reverse the arms of the City of London,
with the name of such broker, who shall
at the concluding of all bargains, contracts,
and agreements by him made produce such
medal, or shall forfeit 40,s. for every omission.

No. 17 provides that " no person for
buying or selling corn, cattel, or other
provision or coal shall be esteemed a broker
within the meaning of this Act."

Chap. xiv. is a "Dictionary or Alpha-
betical Explanation of most difficult Terms
commonly used in Merchandize and Trade."
Amongst these terms are the following : _

" Key, a place to land or ship off goods at. the
number of which are settled by the Parliament or
appointed by the king. Those at present belonging
to the Port of London are Galley Key, Brewer's
Key, Chester's Key, Wooll-Dock, Custom-House

, , -, usom-ouse

Key (except the stone stairs on the west side
thereof), Porter's Key, Bear Key, Sab's Dock
excludin ' '

, , mers ey excep e sars

there), 5 Lyon Key, Hammon's Key, Botolph Wharfe,
feaunt s Key (except the stairs on the east side)
' Cock s Key, and Fresh Wharfe, besides other places
tor landing fish, salt, and provision ; as Billings-
gate, Bridge House in Southwark, &c."

"Owler.They that carry sheep's wool or any
prohibited goods in the night to the sea side in order
to^ship off contrary to law."

" Subhavtation. Selling confiscate goods under a
spear.

' Encyclopaedic Dictionary ' explains that a
spear, originally as a sign of booty gained
in fight, was stuck in the ground at public
auctions. Ben Jonson, ' Catiline,' ii. : " My
lords, the senators are sold for slaves, their
wives for bondwomen, and all their goods
under the speare."

" Wreck. The perishing of a ship and every
person in it : What part is cast ashore belongs to
the king, but if any creature in the ship escape, the
goods are still the owner's, if claimed within a 12
month and a day."

" Piccage. Money paid at fairs or marts for
breaking the ground to set up booths."

" Colour strangers' goods is when a freeman or
. denizen permits a foreigner to enter goods at the

Custom House in his name, whereby the foreigner,
who in many cases should pay double duty, by
being entered in the name of a freeman, pays but
single duty, against which there are many severe
laws."

" Collibis. A money changer."

" Frist. To sell goods at time or upon trust."

"Garbling. Picking the worst from the best of
anything."

" Murrage. Toll taken of every laden cart or
horse toward the repair of the walls of a town or
city."

" Pesterable wares. Those that are troublesome
and take up much room in a ship."

"Stelionate. Deceit in merchandize."

" Tally-man. One that sells all manner of hous-
hold goods, linnen, woollen, &c., to be paid by so
much a week, in which method he usually extorts
a prodigious advantage from the buyer."

A. H. ARKLE.

Elmhurst, Oxton, Birkcnhead.

" THE RIGHT " AND " THE WRONG."
Without entering into casuistry or meta-
physics, I think a frequent colloquial usage
of the expression " the wrong " is suffi-
ciently striking to merit attention. There
may be more than one right way of doing
a thing, but in the case, say, of an address
there is one right and possibly many wrong
ones. If there are only two addresses in
question, one is the right and the other the
wrong address. When a parcel or letter
has gone astray in a street, the usual ex-
planation is that it has gone to " the wrong
house," affording no clue to the fate of the
errant consignment. A person walks '" the
wrong way," perhaps one out of several
wrong ways ; but this expression is correctly
applied to the passage of a morsel of food
or drink into the wrong channel in the throat.
A visitor in search of a particular house,
after wandering about, will say that he
'' has been to the wrong house several times,"
.e., he has called once at several wrong
nouses. (I am reminded of an old friend
who once caught himself, as he said after-
wards, " going up to bed in the wrong house,"
which he had entered with his key from the
street in the belief that he had arrived home. )
' You will find yourself in the wrong shop "
s a vague threat, recalling the expression
' to have the wrong sow by the ear."

FRANCIS^ P. MARCHANT.

HOWSON'S CASE. The following tran-
script of Howson's case, Trinity, 4 Car. I.
Com. Bane., is not only amusing, but, to a

ertain extent, throws light on the relative
powers of the High Commission Court and
of a Common-Law Court :

t "A Libel was against Howson, the Viccar of
>turton in Nottinghamshire, in the High Com-
nission Court at York. Because that he was not

10 s. vii. JAN. 19, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

resident, but lived at Doncaster, and neglected to
serve his cure; And that divers times he, when
the High Court visited, spoke so lowd, that he was
-offensive to many, and being reproved for that, he
gave a scornfull answer ; And that there was one
Wright in the Parish, who had a seat in the Church,
and that the Vicar would spit in abundance in the
seat, and that when Wright and his W T ife were
there. And that afterwards he said with a common
voice, ' That the Wife of Thomas Howson was as
good as the Wife of Wright,' And that in his Sermon
he made jests, and said, ' That Christ was laid in a
Manger, because he had no money to take up a
'Chamber, but that was the knavery of the Inne-
keeper ' ; he being then in contention with an Inn-
keeper in the Parish, and that in divine service he
thrust open the door of Wright's seat, and said,
' that he and his Wife would sit there,' in disturb-
ance of divine service. And for that a prohibition
was prayed and granted, for the High Commission
cannot punish non-residency, nor breaking the seat
in divine service : And the other were things for
which he shall be bound to his good behaviour ;
and the complaint ought to be to the Ordinary, &c."

MISTLETOE.

" THE OLD HIGHLANDER." It is assumed
by the daily papers that " the last " to-
bacconist's " Scotchman " is a rarity, if not
unique. Fifty years ago one stood outside
the door of every snuff-shop, so there must
be many in existence. One still stood lately
in Knightsbridge, opposite the barracks.
They invariably displayed, not Highland,
but Lowland Scots features in the clean-
shaved face. T. O. H.

CARLISLE : CARLYOL. In The Times of
Wednesday the bishop's signature appears
now to be a modified form of the British
'Caer-luel. We have also had " Hervey
Carlisle," and at least one Latin form in

>the past.

WE must request correspondents desiring in-
formation on family matters of only private interest
to affix their names and addresses to their queries,
in order that answers may be sent to them direct.

PUBLIC OFFICE = POLICE-OFFICE, POLICE-
'CouRT. ' The Encyclopaedia Britannica,'
d. 7, 1838, xviii. 249/2, says :

" The Public Office in Bow Street was for some
time the only place in the metropolis where a police
magistrate sat regularly, without the jurisdiction
of the city of London. Seven additional police-
offices were established in 1792, by the Act
32 Geo. III. cap. 53, and the Thames Police-Office
in 1798."

On referring to the Act of 1792, I find that
the term used in it is not " Police-Office,"
but " Public Office." This title still remains
ior the police-court in Birmingham. Let

us hope it will be retained as an interesting
historical monument. The name " police-
office " seems to have been first used in
1798, when "the Marine Police-Office,
No. 259, Wapping New Stairs ' (called in
the ' Encyclopaedia ' " the Thames Police-
Office "), was established. In Colquhoun's
' Commerce of the Thames,' 1800, we read,
p. 161, in reference to Mr. John Harriott, of
" his indefatigable attention to the public
interest since he has presided (as resident
magistrate) at the Marine Police-Office."
After this, apparently before 1816, the other
metropolitan " Public Offices " seem to have
come to be called " Police-Offices " : a
name which they still later exchanged for
that of " Police-Court," the earliest refer-
ence to which now before me is of 1858,
though it then appears as the established
title.

Several details are yet wanting, and I
shall be glad of answers to the following :
1. When was the Bow Street " Public Office "
established ? 2. Can a quotation for the
name before 1792 be got ? 3. When was
the Birmingham " Public Office " estab-
lished ? 4. Can an early quotation for it
be furnished ? 5. Does the name " Public
Office " survive anywhere else for police-
court ? 6. Can " police court " be found
before 1858 ?

I have to thank several correspondents
for informing me directly of places where the
name " police-office " is still applied to the
police-court. J. A. H. MURRAY.

Oxford.

[A quotation for "police-court" in 1842 was
given by MB. GANDY at 10 S. yi. 494, where he
suggested that it might be found in 3 & 4 Will IV.,
c. 46.]

FREDERIC THE GREAT'S MSS. The manu-
scripts of the poetical works of Frederic
the Great and of his correspondence with
Voltaire, Jordan, and D'Alembert, which
are printed in the ' QEuvres Posthumes de
Frederic II.,' Berlin, 1788, are said to have
been in England since the end of the eigh-
teenth century. I should be much obliged
for information as to whether these manu-
scripts are yet in existence, and where.

PROF. DROYSEN.

Friedenau, Berlin.

' THE SIGN OF THE CLEFT.' I shall be
much obliged if any of your readers can
inform me who is the author of the recita-
tion entitled ' The Sign of the Cleft.' A
reader at the Croydon Public Libraries
informs me that he thinks it is by a J.
Heart, but of this we are unable to obtain

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. vn. JAN. 19, 1907.

' confirmation. I am anxious to trace the
collection in which the recitation can be
found. L. STANLEY JAST,

Chief Librarian.
. Central Library, Town Hall, Croydon.

PHILIP WRIGHT, c. 1759. I should be
much obliged for any information that
would enable me to ascertain who the
parents were of a Philip Wright born
circa 1759. He had a brother Robert, born
circa 1764, and is believed to have been born
in Nottinghamshire, and to have had two
other brothers, named John and George.

PERICE G. MAHONY, Cork Herald.
Office of Arms, Dublin Castle.

GENTLEMEN'S EVENING DRESS. Lady
Dorothy Nevill in her very interesting book
of ' Reminiscences ' has the following para-
graph (chap. v. p. 56) :

" Whilst on the subject of dress of a bygone day,
I may mention that my brother always maintained
that it was the first Lord Lytton who brought
about the fashion of universal and unchanging
black for gentlemen's evening dress. If my memory
does not play me false, Pelham was always dressecl
in clothes of that colour."

I should be glad to have further evidence as
to this far-reaching initiative which has
brought men to " customary suits of solemn
black." NEL MEZZO.

FRENCH REVOLUTION. Having to prepare
an essay on the French Revolution, I shall
be glad to be recommended books on the
subject. I know of the general authorities,
Carlyle, Michelet, Burke, &c., but want more
particularly secondary sources of information,
such as novels, plays, miscellaneous writings,
&c., either in French or English, bearing
upon the social or historical aspect of the
period. Please reply direct.

G. FREEMAN.
3, Coleridge Street, Hove.

[You may be interested in the account of French
Revolution pottery at 10 S. iv. 228, 252, 292.]

ANDREW JUKES. The author of ' Col-
lections and Recollections,' in his Saturday
contributions always interesting, and in
certain respects unique to The Manchester
Guardian, alluded, in an article on 22 Dec.,
1906, on ' More Autographs,' to " Andrew
Jukes, the deepest and most influential
Mystic whom the latter-day Church has
seen." I have some recollection of the name
of Andrew Jukes being associated in the
press with that of General Gordon shortly
after the death of the latter, and of a state-
ment to the effect that the books of Jukes
had greatly influenced Gordon. ' The Resti-

tution of All Things ' is the title of one of
his books. Perhaps some reader of ' N. & Q.*'
could furnish particulars concerning Andrew
Jukes : his name does not appear in the-
' D.N.B.' Was he incumbent for some
time of an Anglican church in Hull ? Is
the estimate of Mr. G. W. E. Russell, the-
writer of The Manchester Guardian article
to which reference has been made, and a
devout Churchman, generally accepted ? Did
Jukes influence the Christian thought and
life of General Gordon ? J. GRIGOR.

105, Choumert Road, Peckham, S.E.

DUKE or KENT'S CHILDREN. In ' The
Creevey Papers ' it is mentioned that the
Duke of Kent had contracted an irregular
union with a certain Madame St. Laurent,
with whom he lived many years, and with
whom he only broke off his connexion when^
on the death of the Princess Charlotte, it
became expedient that the younger royal
dukes should marry. In Lewis Melville's
' First Gentleman of Europe ' it is stated
he had twelve children by her. Is anything
known of these children ? It seems strange
that, while the offspring of William IV. and
Mrs. Jordan should be ennobled, these
should have been left in obscurity.

HELGA.

PAPYRUS AND PARCHMENT. Some months
ago I saw in the Revue des Questions His-
tcriques a reference to a writer who, in the
Jesuit fitudes, had been able to fix the date
of (so far as I remember) the latest diploma
on papyrus and the earliest on parchment
that now exist. Can one of your readers
kindly give me an exact reference to the
article in the titudes ? Q. V.

" A PENNY SAVED IS TWO PENCE GOT."-

I remember a schoolfellow who endeavoured
to prove to me the truth of this proverb, but
I never saw it in print till I read it in a dis-
patch of 1693, printed in C. R. Wilson's
'Old Fort William' (1906, i. 12). Is it
now of wide currency ? Q. V.

[Quotations for "a penny saved is & penny got"
are given in the ' N.E.I).,' *.r. ' Penny,' IV. 9 c.]

LADY FANSHAWE'S MEMOIRS. Can any
one give me information respecting the
present whereabouts of the MS. copy of
Lady Fansh awe's memoirs and the other
Fanshawe family papers mentioned by
W. J. R. V. at 10 S. iii. 494 as being in his
possession. The signature was that of
Mr. W. J. Harvey, of 38, Tyrrell Road,
Peckham Rye, who died suddenly last
March ; and his brother informs me that
no trace of these can be found, neither

10 s. VIL JAN. 19, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

were they among his effects. He may have
entrusted the MSS. to some publisher for
publication, or to some friend or archseo-
logical society ; or he may have disposed of
them. Any information leading to their
discovery will be much appreciated, if sent
to ' N. & Q.' or direct to me.

E. J. FANSHAWE.
132, Ebury Street, S.W.

SIR RICHARD FANSHAWE' s PORTRAIT.
I am most anxious to trace a three-quarter
portrait of Sir Richard Fanshawe, Bt., by
Dobson. Sir Richard wears a blue satin
dress with wide lace collar, and has a large
greyhound. The picture was purchased in
1877, from West Horsley, Surrey, from the
descendants of Sir H. Nicolas, by Mr. W. J.
Harvey, who, as mentioned above, died
suddenly last March ; but no such portrait
was found among his effects, though he
had presented a photograph of it to the
National Portrait Gallery. Should this
meet the eye of the present owner, or of any
one who knows the present whereabouts of
the picture, I should be glad if he would
kindly communicate with ' N. & Q.' or with
me. E. J. FANSHAWE.

132, Ebury Street, S.W.

AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED. In
Mr. Marion Crawford's novel ' Saracinesca '
the writer puts into the mouth of Cardinal
Antonelli the words " timidi nunquam
statuerunt tropaeum. " I suspect that sta-
tuerunt should be statuere, in which case the
words would form the greater part of a good
hexameter. In what Latin author do they
occur ? A. A. B.

" Beware lest it be the desire for change
that draweth on the reformation, but rather
let it be the necessity for reformation that
draweth on the change."

H. J. WHITESIDE.
Crosby, Isle of Man.

BRASS RUBBINGS. In the number of
' N. & Q.' for 31 March, 1906, there appeared
an advertisement addressed " To Collectors
of Brass Rubbings," stating that " the
magnificent collection of Brass Rubbings
formed by the late Rev. J. R. Lunn " was
for sale, and mentioning that the collection
represented " 1,580 odd different brasses."
In view of the great probability of future
inquiries concerning them, it would be of
much interest to know if a purchaser was
found, and, if so, who it was ; and further,
if the collection has been sold entire or been
broken up. It would also be interesting
if the vendor or purchaser would kindly

furnish some particulars about the rubbinge
themselves. W. E. HARLAND-OXLEY.

Westminster.

FRENCH PROVERBS. Je mets ici quelques
details sous les yeux des lecteurs de ' N. & Q.'
dans 1'espoir que par suite de leur pub-
licite Ton reussira a retrouver un MS.
precieux. Parmi les quelques ouvrages que
je possede traitant des proverbes frangais
il y a un exemplaire des ' Matinees senonoises,
ou Proverbes fransois,' &c., par 1'abbe Tuet.
Voici ce que dit 1'auteur d'une ' Petite
Encyclopedic des Proverbes frangais ' (Hilaire
Le Gai, c.-a-d., M. Gratet-Duplessis) a
propos de cet ouvrage, publie en 1789 :

" Get ouvrage de 1'abbe Tuet est certainement le
meilleur travail que nous possedions, en francais,
sur les proverbes. Le volume, dont je viens de
donner le titre complet, ne contient que 500 pro-
verbes expliques et commente's ; mais la suite existe
en manuscrit, et toute disposee pour 1'impression. Je
possede cette suite, qui est divisee en deux volumes,
et qui pourrait, a 1 impression, fournir la matiere
d'un gros in-octavo. Cette partie manuscrite est
tout aussi soignee que la premiere et ne la depare-
rait pas. II ne faudrait pas meme de grands
travaux pour mettre 1'ouvrage entier en etat d 6tre
publie avec succes aujourd'lnii. Quelques additions
faites par un editeur instruit et intelligent suffi-
raierit pour en faire un traite approfondi et presque
definitif sur nos proverbes et sur nos locutions
proverbiales."

Eh bien, il m'est arrive de consulter le
" Catalogue des livres en partie rares et
precieux composant la bibliotheque de feu
M. G.-Duplessis, ancien recteur de 1'aca-
demie de Douai, dont la vente aura lieu le
lundi, 18 fevrier, 1856, et jours suivants, a
7 heures precises du soir, Rue des Bons-
Enfants, 28, maison Silvestre," &c. A la
p. 166 de ce catalogue il y a mention d'un
exemplaire des ' Matinees Senonoises,' et
1' article suivant est ainsi concu :

"Les Matinees Senonoises (par 1' Abbe Tuet).

Tomes II. et III., 2 vol. in-4, demi-rel . mar . vert.

"Manusorit autographe et inedit. Ces deux
volumes, entierement de la main de 1'abbe Tuet,
etaient tout prets pour 1'impression. Cette suite
est aussi soignee et encore plus interessante que le
premier volume. L'abbe y a consigne une foule de
remarques et d'anecdotes tres-curieuses ; il indique
lui-meme les diverses epoques auxquelles il a mis
son travail au net, et on trouve cette date a la fin
de la table du troisieme volume : Fini le 16 juin,
1795, ou le 28 prairial, an III. G. D."

Pour ceux qui s'interessent a 1'etude des
proverbes francais rien qu'a lire ces quelques
lignes d'un catalogue fait venir 1'eau a la
bouche. II est possible que quelqu'un ait
achete ces volumes a la vente en question :

Feut-on savoir qui en est le possesseur a
heure qu'il est ? II ne serait pas difficile,
je pense, avec une telle recommandation, de

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL JAN. 19, 1907.

trouver un editeur, afin que cet ouvrage ne
soit plus ined.it, s'il existe. J'espere que
ces quelques lignes passeront sous les yeux
de quelqu'un qui soit a meme de donner des
renseignements concernant le sort de ces
volumes precieux. EDWARD LATHAM.

BRINKLOW FAMILY. Can any reader of
* N. & Q.' furnish information about the
Brinklow family ? Any data regarding
ancestry, place of residence, or burial of
those in England now or formerly, family
records, and date of emigration to America
will be greatly appreciated. In the latter
part of the seventeenth century several
members of this family settled in America,
one of whom, John Brinckloe, became a
member of Penn's council, 1690.

The spelling of the name varies in Ame-
rica Brinklow, Brinckle, Brinkley, and
Brinckloe. M. C. SMITH.

4109, Pine Street, Philadelphia, Penna.

TRISTAN AND ISOLDE. I shall be
obliged if any of your readers can tell me
as to the truth of the legend of Tristan and
Isolde. Did they live in Cornwall ? Were
they buried in the same tomb ? If so,
where is the tomb ? L. E.

CRUIKSHANK'S REMARQUE. Can any one
inform me what George Cruikshank's
remarque was ? Is it given on his cari-
catures published by MacLean in the 1820-30
period ? J. H. L.

MRS. MARY GOODYER'S MURDER. In
Manning's ' History of Surrey,' vol. i. p. 15,
it is stated that Mary Goodyer, the owner
of Guildford Castle site, was murdered by
her grandson in 1748 or 1749. Can any
reader of ' N. & Q.' tell me where I can find
an account of the murder or the murderer's
name and fate ? E. B. TEMPEST.

Coleby Hall, Lincoln.

ALD WORTH OF BERKSHIRE. Wanted
baptismal entry of Robert Aldworth, 1619-
1620 ; record of marriage to Elizabeth
(Browne, widow ?), c. 1644 ; also baptism
of his children, Robert, Elizabeth, Joan,
and Anne, before 1660, when he is found at
Tubney, Berks, and son Thomas is baptized
at Appleton, Berks. Wife Elizabeth buried
1663. Acquires lands at Frilford and
Marcham, Berks, from Francis Pigott,
1679, &c. Buried at Appleton, Jan., 1698/9,
M.I., " aged 79." Leaves lands in Abing-
don, Sutton Courtney, Northmore, &c.
Any information serving to identify the
above Robert Aldworth welcome to

A. E. ALDWORTH.

Laverstock Vicarage, Salisbury.

" THUNE " :
FRENCH

" (EIL-DE-BCEUF,"
SLANG WORDS.

(10 S. vii. 8.)

THAT thune (or tune : its orthography, as
in the case of a number of slang words,
does not seem to be fixed) represents money
generally, and a 5-franc piece in particular,
seems pretty clear. As to its origin in the
slang sense, none of the few slang diction-
aries I have at hand seems to give an opinion.
I gather, however, that tuner is an old French
word meaning to beg ; that tune (derived
from it) is, or was, used as meaning the prison
of Bicetre, " c'est un prison de mendicite."
Further, another dictionary gives the mean-
ing of thune as alms (aumone) : roi des
thunes, de la thune, king of the beggars.
Another defines thune as piece : thune de
cinq balles (balle=piece de 1 jr.), 5-franc
piece ; thune de camelotte, piece d'etoffe.
The transition, unless I am wrong, seems to
be from to beg, alms, money, to a 5-franc
piece. A 5-franc piece is also called a roue
de devant, and a 2-franc piece a roue de
derriere. Here is a list furnished by one
slang dictionary :

Bredoche, centime. Larante, piece de 2fr.

Broque ,, Chatte, piece de 5fr.

Rond, un sou. Bougie ,,

Crocque, ,, Dringue ,,

Doublin, deux sous. Thune ,,

Mastoc, Frere Thunard, piece de

Dardelle ,, 5fr.

Crotte de pie, piece de Palet, piece de 5fr.

50c. Demi-sigue, piece de lOfr.

Belette, piece de 50c. Sigue, piece de 20t'r.

Pepete ou pepette, piece Bouton ,,

de 50c. Cercle, Mousseline, piece

Grain, piece de 50c. d'argent.

Listre ,, Blafard, piece blanche.

Pastille Cig, cigue, ou cigale,

Combrie, piece de Ifr. piece d'or.
Bertelo ,, Cigne, Jaunet.* Bril-

Blanc ,, lard, Maltaise, Maltaire,

Liiive ,, Maltese, piece d'or.

Veilleuse ,, Bouche 1'oeil, Disique,

Cascaret, piece de 2fr. piece de monriaie.

Probably the list could be easily extended.
There is, of course, a large number of
slang terms for money generally.

EDWARD LATHAM.

Loredan Larchey in his ' Dictionnaire
Historique d' Argot, dixieme edition,' 1888,
gives the following :

" Thune: Argent. V. Bille, Tune."

" Bille, Billemonf, Billon : Monnaie. Billemonf
et bille viennent de billon. 'L'argent au Temple

Yellow-boy.

10 s. vii. JAN. 19, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

est de la braise, on de la thune, ou de la bille'

(Mornand). 'Nous attendions la sorgue pour

faire du billon ' (Vidocq)."

Sorgue or sorge means evening, night.

" Time : Piece de cinq francs. ' J'allais dans les
bureaux de placement avec une tune ' (Beauvillier).
Abbrev. de thune."

(Eil-de-bo3uf is not given. There is

" (Eil : credit. Se trouve dans le Dictionnaire de
Cartouche de Grandval (eel. de 1827). *.Jfl vous
offre le vin blanc chez Toitot ; j'ai 1'ceil' (Chenu).
* La mere Bricherie n'entend pas raillerie a' Particle
du credit. Pluto t que de faire deux sous d'ceil, elle
prefe'rerait,' &c. (Pr. d'Anglemont)."
" (Eil (avoir I') : Avoir credit."

ROBERT PIEBPOINT.

MB. PLATT is correct in saying that thune,
or tune, is a 5-franc piece. Other synonyms
in argot are breme de fond, dardunne, roue
de derriere, the first of which, bream, perhaps
points to Fr. thon (Lat. thunnus), tunny,
being the origin of thune. Compare Fr.
argot br ernes, playing-cards, with " broads "
in our current slang. Braise and peze (pese)
are Fr. argot for money generally ; sigue,
maltaise, bonnet jaune, for 20-franc pieces
(thieves' slang) ; as also linve for franc, and
patard, rotin, beogue (cf. Eng. " tack " in
Farmer and Henley), for a sou. H. P. L.

"FIBGUNANUM" (10 S. vii. 7). MB.
HEWETSON must, I think, have misunder-
stood the late President of the Royal Society
of Antiquaries of Ireland, who certainly
could not have told him that this word is
*' the Irishism of Firgananaim," since the
latter is itself (badly spelt) Irish, and
Firgunanum only a rather more illiterate,
or perhaps more phonetic, attempt to spell
it. According to MB. HEWETSON, Firga-
nanaim is " a curious compound of Greek,
Latin, and Irish," viz., of " vir, man ; gan,
without ; a, a ; naim, name." This ex-
planation, by the way, seems rather to be
" a curious compound " of Latin, Irish, and
English (or Scotch) : where is the " Greek " ?
But in truth there is neither Latin, Greek,
nor English in it. As any Irish speaker
would have told him, and saved him " very
much research," fear gun ainm is simple
everyday Irish for " a man without name " :
fear, man ; gun, without ; ainm, name.
The plural of fear is fir, and if the phrase
were fir gun ainm, the meaning would be
" men without name." J. A. H. M.

This word is not a compound of Greek,
Latin, and Irish. Nor can it be analyzed
as equivalent to Lat. vir, man ; Irish gan,
without ; Eng. a ; and Irish naim, name.
The word stands for a genuine Irish phrase,

which would be written in modern Irish
fear gan ainm, a man without a name. In
older Irish fear would be written fer ; fir is
the genitive form. A. L. MAYHEW.

Oxford.

TH. T. W. also thanked for reply.]

DUKE OF MEBCIA : JEvmc SYL-
VATICUS (10 S. vi. 469). In reply to A. S. B.,
it may be noted that Edric, or Eadric,
Streona was Earl not Duke of Mercia in
1007, not 1003 ; he married Egitha or
Egytha not ^Edena daughter of Ethel-
red II. ; he was slain by Canute on Christmas
Day in 1017.

Edric Sylvaticus, or " the Wilde," " whose
descendants assumed the name of Wild,"
and were known to the early and later
chroniclers almost indiscriminately as Wilds,
Wylds, Wildes, Wyldes, Weldes, De Weldes,
and Welds, may be shown to have been the
son of Alfric, the brother of Eadric Streona,
from the following excerpts (one reference
out of many), which are also a reply to the
other questions asked :

1. "Eotempore extititquidamprsepotens minister
Edricus, cognomento Silvaticus, filius Alfrici fratris
Edrici Streone." ' Symeon of Durham,' vol. ii.
p. 185, Roll Series.

2. "At perfidus dux Edricus Streone gener regis
(habuit enim in conjugio filiam ejus Egitham)," &c.
Ibid., p. 141.

3. "Ac in Nativitate Domini, cum esset Londonia?,.
perfidum ducem Edricum in palatio jussit [Canute]
occidere, quia timebat insidiis ab eo aliquando
circumveniri sicut domini sui priqres Egelredus et
Eadmundus frequenter circumventi sunt ; et corpus
illius super murum civitatis projici ac insepultum
pnecepit climitti." Ibid., p. 155.

It may be of interest to A. S. B. to know
that Edric " the Wild," or Sylvaticus,
besides being the " great-nephew-in-law "
of Ethelred II., was also a kinsman viz.,
a first cousin " twice removed " of King
Harold II., whose sister Edith married King
Edward the Confessor. Harold himself
married the granddaughter of the far-famed
Godiva, the wife of Leofric, an Earl of
Mercia.

The sheriff referred to was known as
either Wild or Weld. B. W.

Fort Augustus.

Burke's ' Commoners,' vol. iv. p. 334,
under Lowndes of Hassall, gives the infor-
mation which is asked for by A. S. B.

R. C. BOSTOCK.

SPELLING CHANGES (10 S. vi. 403, 450,
493). With all deference to the valuable
communications of PBOF. SKEAT, I think it
would have been possible to point out, even at
the risk of repetition, that the proposal was

NOTES AND QUERIES. DO s. VIL JAX. 19, 1007.

a standard English not an impossible
everywhere phonetic English without
branding the latter idea as one broached
only " for the purpose of misleading and
making mischief." I will not believe that
any one would write in ' N. & Q.' with that
intent or in that humour ; and did I think
the imputation personal, I should repel it
with a positive denial. Further, I think that,
although these pages are devoted to the
literary and studious, not many of these
would represent the motive of the great
majority of their practical and intelligent
countrymen who, though their abilities
have not been directed to the academic
study of their language, have nevertheless
a clear judgment as to the impracticability
of the proposed spelling change as " the
crass ignorance of an obstinate and indocile
public." May not their vision be the clearer
as unaffected by the enthusiasm begotten
of study ?

MB. STREET has ably and temperately
demonstrated the obstacles against the
establishment of a standard ; and as the
strenuous and worthy American President
appears to have deferred to public opinion,
it seems likely that the standard will not
be set up either at New York or London,
but that the old language occasionally
emended and enriched as heretofore will
be suffered to pursue its rugged course, and
that we may still enjoy its analysis.
W. L.

I have great sympathy with the simpli-
fication of spelling, and particularly with the
artistic appearance of print. I have given
practical effect to some of the ideas I have
on this subject in the course of the five
hundred pages of my ' Swimming ' biblio-
graphy. Dire was the prospect of lashings
from the press which printers, publishers,
and friends held out to me. But the press
never took any notice of the spelling. It
reviewed the book most favourably from
an easy standpoint, but not from a biblio-
graphical, educational, scholarly, or scientific
point of view, as I had hoped.

To get into the very simple alterations
in spelling I made took my printers a very
long time, during which period I had to
fight them day by day. I insisted on the
spelling being altered to mine, notwith-
standing that I had to pay for all their
mistakes. Often I made such marginal
comments that I fully expected them to
say, " Mr. Thomas, we are not accustomed
to being spoken to in this manner, and we
must request you to find another printer.'*

But they did not : they kept their temper.
If there was all this trouble with a few
alterations, what would it be with many ?

So far as I know, I am the only person
who has dared to publish an English educa-
tional book with any simplified spellings.
But then I had not to earn my living. I am
glad to see PROF. SKEAT'S admirable note&
on spelling reform, for I fear that very few
scholars whose opinions one would like to
hear will speak. At all events, I observe
that those who have advocated reforms
take good care that they follow the old
spellings in their books.

Any sudden, wholesale change I believe
to be impossible. But much might be done
by degrees. Similar improvements have
been made in music, but each has been
objected to and fought step by step. Wilson
in * A new dictionary of music ' (p. 264)
says : " Every innovation tending to im-
provement was stigmatised as immorality,
sedition, and infidelity." This is much the
position taken up by most of our present
scholars, schoolmasters, and such-like inter-
ested in education. From them no reforms
will emanate, any more than national reforms
emanate from rulers.

Instead of simplification or reform, the
modern tendency seems to take a backward
step, as, for example, putting French
endings we do not pronounce, or leaving
out letters instead of keeping words in their
original form, as " typist " (which should
be pronounced " typ ist ") instead of
" typeist." I have always known the word
" wasteful," but lately I have seen the word
" waste " so altered by the omission of the
e that for some time I did not know what
was meant by " wastrel." PROF. SKEAT
says (vi. 450) : " If a German meets a new-
English word, it may easily happen that its
spelling affords no clue to the sound."
" Wastrel " is an instance of an Englishman
finding a word which affords no clue to the
sound. I do not know whether to pro-
nounce it " wastrel " (like " mass ") or like
wasteful."

To go on with the present muddle, how-
ever, is preferable to the tyranny of coercion.
To be dictated to by an " Academy " would
be the worst thing that could happen for
the language. Such a body would probably
begin by insisting on disfiguring our letters-
with accents a brainless and practically
useless expedient. These accents have been
enforced in France, and, worse still,* in
Spain, where, contrary to the opinions 11 of
scholars, a sort of Inquisition compels^ all
the printers to adopt some new accents ih&

10 s. VIL JAN. 19, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

Spanish Academy has ordered. Any printer
daring to disobey is put under the ban of
the Inquisition.

German scholars have told me the spelling
authority orders a word to be spelt one way,
and six months after changes its mind and
directs it to be spelt in another way.

RALPH THOMAS.

FOLK-LORE ORIGINS (10 S. vi. 509).
Perhaps some of the following works
not, I think, published in connexion with
the Folk-lore Society, will be found useful :

R. Hunt's 'Popular Romances of the West of
England,' 1881.

' Guernsey Folk-lore,' from MSS. by the late Sir
Edgar MacCulloch, Knt., F.S.A., ed. by Edith F.
Carey.

'Legends and Traditions of Huntingdonshire,'
by H. B, Saunders, 1888.

G. L. Gomme's ' Folk-lore Relics of Early Village
Life,' 1883.

W. C. Hazlitt's ' Tales and Legends of a National
Origin or Widely Current in England from Early
Times,' with introduction by W. C. Hazlitt, 1892.

Lang's ' Myth, Ritual, and Religion ' ; and
'Custom and Myth.'

Wm. Bottrell's 'Stories and Folk-lore of West
Cornwall,' 1870.

Rev. F. G. Lee's 'Glimpses in the Twilight.'

Brand's ' Popular Antiquities ' (Ellis).

W. A. Craigie's ' Scandinavian Fork-lore : Illus-
trations of the Traditional Beliefs of the Northern
Peoples,' 1896.

W. Wood's 'Tales and Traditions of the High
Peak, Derbyshire.'

S. 0. Addy's 'Household Tales.'

J. Roby's ' Traditions of Lancashire.'

R. J. King's ' Folk-lore of Devonshire.'

H. Swainson Cowper's 'Hawkshead.'

Rev. J. C. Atkinson's ' Forty Years in a Moor-
land Parish,' 1891.

Miss M. A. Courtney's 'Cornish Feasts and
Folk-lore.'

C. J. Billson's ' County Folk-lore : Leicestershire
and Rutland.'

T. F. Thiselton-Dyer's ' English Folk-lore.'

R. J. King's ' Sketches, Studies, Descriptive and
Historical ' (sacred trees, flowers, and dogs of folk-
lore : great shrines of England), 1874.

Frazer's ' Golden Bough.'

J. Scoffern's ' Stray Leaves of Science and
Folk-lore.'

Journal of the Folk -Song Society.

'Spectral Dogs' ("turnover" in The Globe,

27 May, 1904).

* Little Whitsun Tales,' Daily Mail, 1 June, 1903.

' English Fairy Tales,' collected by Joseph Jacobs.

'Spriggans' ("turnover" in The Globe. 24 June,
1903)'

'The Origins of Fairy Myth,' by Arthur J.
Salmon, in The Bristol Times and Mirror, 16 Jan.,
1904.

Palmer Cox's ' The Brownies Abroad,' 1899.

'Folk-lore of the West,' Pall Mall Gazette

28 Dec., 1905.

' Folk-lore of Shakespeare,' Leisure Hour, March
1884.
Benjamin Taylor's ' Storyology.'

W. A. Clouston's 'Popular Tales and Fictions::

TIT' J.' 1 TI .,4-^ rt ? 1 QttT

their Migrations and Transformations,' 1887.
J. Crawhall's ' Old Tayles Newlye Related.'
'Popular Superstitions,' " Gent" OTna "' fl Mn.m

Library," eel. by G. L. Gomme, F
Wirt Sykes's 'British Goblins.'

Gentleman's Magazine

Charles Gould's ' Mythical Monsters ' (with illus-
trations).

S. Baring-Gould's ' Origin of Religious Beliets
and ' Curious Myths of the Middle Ages.'

F. E. Hulme's ' Mythland,' 1886.

Benjamin Thorpe's ' Northern Mythology.'

Keightley's ' Fairy Mythology.'

J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.

The following two works of T. F. Thiselton-
Dyer, which I found in ' The English Cata-
ogue,' may be serviceable among others :
Church-Lore Gleanings' (1891); 'Ghost-
World ' (1893). H. KREBS.

THE DOROTHY VERNON LEGEND (10 S. vi.
321, 382, 432, 513). In 1845 a book was
written by the Baroness de la Calabrella,
entitled ' Evenings at Haddon Hall,' with
vignette illustrations by George Cattermole.
These vignettes have been transferred to
' Tales of the Genii ' in " Bohn's Illustrated
Library." The frontispiece in the original
work depicted the garden front of Haddon.
Hall. JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.

Newbourne Rectory.

" SET TJP MY (HIS) REST " (10 S. vi. 509),

Fully explained in Nares's ' Glossary.*

From the game of primero, meaning to stand
upon the cards you have in your hand, in
the hope that they may win. In playing
vingt-un a player is similarly said " to stand."
It means then to be satisfied with, to rely
upon as sufficient, to be content. Prior-
uses it in a double sense, as a kind of pun.
Nares gives fifteen examples.

WALTER W. SKEAT.

The meaning of the phrase " to set up
one's rest " now obsolete, but fairly com-
mon in the seventeenth century -is (1) to
make up one's mind, to commit oneself
unreservedly to a course ; (2) to pause for
rest, to halt.

In the first quotation from Pepys the
diarist would appear to mean that he had
made up his mind to be " somewhat scanter
of his presence " at the plays he loved so
well until Easter, or, as he adds in a praise-
worthily self-denying mood, " if not Whit-
suntide."

In the second Pepys's meaning, when read
with the context, seems to be that the accom-
modating host, Mr. Povey, had committed
himself unreservedly to the course of pro-
viding his guests with whatever they might
choose to ask for.

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL JAN. 19, 1907.

The phrase is used in a different sense
from the above in the lines from Prior, and
is there employed in its literal sense,
that is to say, to pause for rest or to halt.
(It will be remembered that Shakespeare
uses it in a somewhat similar manner in

'King Lear,' I. i. 125-6: "I thought

to set my rest On her kind nursery," and
in ' Romeo and Juliet,' V. iii. 109-10.) This
view seems to be borne out in the subse-
quent lines in ' A Better Answer ' :

.So when I am weary'd with wandering all day ;

To thee, my delight, in the evening I come ;
No matter what beauties I saw in my way :

They were but my visits, but thou art my home.

S. BUTTERWORTH.

Although the phrase sometimes diverged
slightly from its original meaning, " to set
up one's rest " certainly seems to have con-
veyed the sense originally of "to make up
one's mind." Launcelot, famished in the
service of Shylock, " set up his rest to run
away " (II. ii.). Beaumont and Fletcher,
' Monsieur Thomas,' IV. ix. :

Faith, sir, my rest is up,

And what I now pull shall no more afflict me,

Than if I played at span-counter.
Middleton, ' Spanish Gypsy ' (IV. ii.) :
" Could I set up my rest that he were lost."

J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.

The phrase is Shakespeare's. Romeo says :

O, here

Will I set up my everlasting rest.
.And surely he means that he will take his
rest for ever, otherwise die. This inter-
pretation is confirmed by the passages
quoted from Pepys and Prior, for in them
the phrase must mean " take my (or his)
rest." Steevens says that it means " to
be determined to any purpose " ; and no
doubt it does mean this in Act IV. of
* Romeo and Juliet ' :

The County Paris hath set up his rest

That you shall rest but little.

E. YARD LEY.

As the perusal of Pepys' s ' Diary ' is to
me a constantly renewed recreation, and I
do not remember ever stumbling at the use
of this phrase, I presume perhaps ignorantly
its meaning has been sufficiently obvious
to me. In the instance first quoted by
T. M. W. does not the diarist record his
intention to discontinue for a time going to
plays ? Again, in the second quotation,
Pepys infers that the entertainment pro-
vided by his host was so bountiful that he
is not likely to renew it for some little time
to come.

So Prior, with the usual poetic licence,

describes the sun, at the close of day, dis-
continuing for a time the labour of shining.
I fancy that this sense of " rest " is not quite
obsolete. T. M. W. has probably heard it
said of an actor, temporarily out of an
engagement, that he was " resting," and the
term is constantly in use of other workers
temporarily out of employment.

F. A. RUSSELL.
4, Nelgarde Road, Catford, S.E.

THREE-CANDLE FOLK-LORE (10 S. vi.
508). In the old days of candles as the
ordinary way of lighting up a room it was
considered to be unlucky for any one to
bring a lighted candle into a room where two
were already alight, and some one was sure
to blow one of them out, just in the same
way as a dash would be made at a table
when a knife and fork lay crossed. When I
was a boy folks used to see many things
which gave them " freets " : such strange
happenings as three candles moving about,
death signs, beckoning fingers, and ghosts
at certain corners standing with their heads
under their arms all " sure an' sartin tokens
o' summat gooin' ter happen." I knew of
several Derbyshire villagers who were
" gifted " in the way of reading " signs,"
and finding in commonplace things " omens "
for good or bad. THOS. RATCLIFFE.

Worksop.

SIR THOMAS DAVIS, LORD MAYOR or
LONDON, 1677 (10 S. vi. 388, 431). It may
interest COL. ARNOLL DAVIS to know that
Sir Thomas Davis (spelt variously Davies,
Davys, and Davy) bore for arms Or, a
chevron between three mullets pierced sable.
Crest : On a chapeau ppr. a demi-lion ram-
pant or (Burke's ' General Armory ').

CROSS-CROSSLET.

A KNIGHTHOOD OF 1603 (10 S. vi. 181,
257, 474 ; vii. 16). I should like to supple-
ment my reply at the last reference by saying
that it is important to note the difference
between the information supplied by MR.
HUGHES at 10 S. vi. 181, and that given in
Burke's ' Landed Gentry,' as follows :

" Sir German Pole, of Radbourne, bapt. 1573, a
distinguished commander, who served against the
Spanish Armada, and was made a Knight Banneret
for his good services in Ireland, under the Lord
Deputy Mountjoy, 1599."

This statement, apparently founded upon
the inscription on the knight's mural monu-
ment in Radbourne Church alluded to
by MR. HUGHES now appears in need of
revision.

At the first and second references the

10 s. vii. JAX. 19, loo?.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

name or pronunciation of German o
Jarman was discussed. From its Latin
form, Germanus became, with the French
Germain, with the feminine Germaine, anc
is identical with Jermyn, which became
in England a surname written Germyn in
' The Paston Letters,' i. 160. Can anj
correspondent suggest the reason for its
first use as a name in the family of Pole o
Radbourne ?

German de la Pole b. 1482 (?), d. 1552/3
of Radbourne, Esq. (great-grandfather o
the aforesaid knight), was the first so named
and one of his daughters, Jane, married hei
father's fourth cousin German Pole, of Wake
bridge, co. Derby, Esq., who died in 1588
-aged seventy-five, without surviving issue.
R. E. E. CHAMBERS.
Pill House, Bishop's Tawton, Barnstaple.

FAIRY-HAUNTED KENSINGTON : TICKELL
AND THE DROOPING LILY (10 S. vii. 1).
A notice of Tickell's poetry without reference
to his ballad of ' Colin and Lucy ' is incom-
plete. In it are well-known lines :
I hear a voice you cannot hear
Which says I must not stay:
I see a form you cannot see
Which beckons me away.
In it also are the following lines :
Oh J have you seen a lily pale

When beating rains descend ?
So drooped the slow-consuming maid,

Her life now near the end.
This is obviously the original of Lady Anne
Lindsay's verse :

She drooped like a lily beat down by the hail.
But there are similar thoughts in classical
and English poetry : ' Iliad,' book viii.
11. 306-8 ; ' ^Eneid,' book ix. 11. 435-7 ;
* Metamorphoses,' book x. 11. 190-95. Ovid
seems to have been the first to mention the
lily as the drooping flower. I subjoin a
few English parallel passages :

I hang the head
As flowers with frost, or grass beat down with

storms. ' Titus Andronicus.'

Like a fair flower, surcharged with dew, she weeps.

Milton, ' Samson Agonistes.
As lilies, overcharged with rain, they bend
'Their beauteous heads.

Waller, 'To my Lord Admiral.'
Keightley in his ' Fairy Mythology '
makes, I think, a somewhat foolish remark :

"With the 'Kensington Gardens' of Tickell our
fairy-poetry may be said to have terminated. Some
attempts to revive it have been made in the present
century. But vain are such efforts. The belief is
gone. And, divested of it, such poetry can produce
110 effect."

The belief is not gone. A few years ago an
Irish peasant who had lost his way was

found dead 1 with his coat turned. He
evidently thought that the fairies had
misled him. Keightley's own book shows
abundantly that there existed quite up to
his time the belief in fairies amongst the
lower orders. I do not think that it ever
reached much higher. Shakspeare and
Milton, though they wrote about fairies,
did not believe in them. E. YARD LEY.

BELL INSCRIPTIONS AT SIRESA (10 S. vi.
465). MR. DODGSON'S first inscription re-
calls the inscription on the Vatican Obelisk :
" Ecce Crux Domini Fugite partes ad-
verse Vicit Leo de tribu Juda," the last
clause of which is a quotation from the
Apocalypse (v. 5). This obelisk was ori-
ginally brought from Heliopolis by Caligula,
who set it up " inter duas metas " (i.e., in
the middle of the spina) of the circus on
the Vatican, which he built, and Nero
finished. Near this obelisk St. Peter was
martyred about 67 A.D. It remained
in situ till it was removed by Sixtus V. to
its present position. The inscription dates
from this removal in 1586, on which occa-
sion the round ball at the top which in the
Middle Ages was, without any historical
foundation, supposed to contain the ashes
of Julius Caesar was replaced by the pre-
sent cross, in which a relic of the True Cross
is enclosed. JOHN B. WAINE WRIGHT.

MACAULAY'S LETTERS TO RANDALL (10
S. vi. 507). These letters have not been
added to any of the English editions of Sir
G. O. Trevelyan's ' Life and Letters of Lord
Macaulay.' " W. H. PEET.

39, Paternoster How, E.G.

ADMIRAL BENBOW'S DEATH (10 S. vii. 7).
The words of ' Admiral Benbow ' are inter-
esting, showing several variations from those
printed by Halliwell in ' Early Naval
Ballads of England ' and also from those
printed in Chappell's ' Popular Music of the
31den Time.' The latter took his version,
words and music, from a broadside pub-
ished early in the eighteenth century ; it
ncludes one more stanza than appears on
D. 7, ante.

Benbow, son of Col. John Benbow, of
Shropshire, commenced his career as a
ailor before the mast, and rose to the rank
>f admiral. His portrait may be seen in
Hampton Court Palace and in Shrewsbury-
Town Hall. WILLIAM H. CUMMINGS.

For a version of the words and tune of
his song, with exhaustive notes and refer-
nces, see the Journal of the Folk-Song
iociety, vol. ii. part ix. p. 236. If the tune

NOTES AND QUERIES, no s. VIL JAN. 19, 1907:

sung at Hawkstone was not printed with
the words, I feel sure that the hon. secretary
of the Folk-Song Society, Miss Lucy Broad-
wood, 84, Carlisle Mansions, Victoria Street,
Westminster, would be very glad to obtain
a transcript of it. W. PERCY MERRICK.

In ' The Horkey,' a ballad by Robert
Bloomfield containing a mine of Suffolk
provincialisms, occurs in the description of
the harvest party at Farmer Cheerum's the
following stanza :

John sung ' Old Ben bow,' loud and strong.

And I, ' The Constant Swain ' ;
" Cheer up, my lads," was Simon's song,

"We'll conquer them again."
This may be the song mentioned by MR.
SOUTHAM. Admiral Benbow died from the
effect of his amputated leg at Kingston, in
Jamaica, in 1702. Capts. Kirkby and Wade
were shot on board the Bristol at Plymouth
in 1703 for cowardice.

JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.
Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.

BLAKE'S SONGS : AN EARLY PRIVATE
REPRINT (10 S. vi. 421, 473, 511). The copy
of Blake's ' Songs of Innocence and of Ex-
perience ' which Messrs. Methuen will
reproduce in their forthcoming issue is the
one lately in the possession of Lord Crewe,
which was sold in 1903 for 300Z. This is,
presumably, the copy described by MR.
SAMPSON in his invaluable edition of Blake's
poems, as follows :

"54 plates, each printed on a separate leaf.
Foliated by Blake 1-54. Dated watermark 1818.
Plates printed in brown. Delicately coloured, with
wide wash borders."

A collation of it is given in Table III. of the
Bibliographical Preface of the above men-
tioned work, pp. 82-3.

The ' Songs ' in Messrs. Methuen's edition
will form the second volume of ' William
Blake ' under Mr. Laurence Binyon's editor-
ship. The first volume, published last
November, contained * The Illustrations of
the Book of Job,' prefaced by a study of
Blake, the man, the artist, and the poet.

S. BlJTTERWORTH.

GAMELSHIEL CASTLE, HADDINGTONSHIRE
(10 S. vii. 8). Of this tower, which pro-
bably was a strength of the Hepburns,
nothing remains but the shattered east end
of the keep, with walls 4 ft. 6 in. thick.
M'Gibbon and Ross (' Castellated and
Domestic Architecture,' vol. iii.) refer it
tentatively to the sixteenth century, and it
is one of an innumerable series of border
peles which stand, or stood, in the valley of
the Tweed. MR. GEMMELL should consult

the indices to the"! ' Rotuli Scotiae ' and'
' Inquisitiones,' sources of much direct
information as to former owners of lands
and houses in Scotland.

HERBERT MAXWELL.

BACCHANALS OR BAG-O'-NAILS (10 S. vi.
427, 490). Though not of much importance,
a slight error in replies given may be men-
tioned. " The Bag of Nails " at Loughton,.
in Essex, has ceased to exist as an inn,
liaving been converted into a grocery store
and post-office some years ago.

I. CHALKLEY GOULD.

DONCASTER : IMAGE OF THE BLESSED
VIRGIN (10 S. vii. 9). The image of the
B.V.M. at Doncaster was an object of much
veneration in Yorkshire. Thus William
Ecopp, rector of Heslerton, by his will,
1472, desires a pilgrimage to be made
" Beatse Mariae de Doncastre " (' Test.
Ebor.,' iii. 201) ; and in 1507 Dame Catherine
Hastings bequeaths " to our Lady of Don-
castre my tawny chamlett gown " (iv. 257).
The image was probably in the chapel of
Our Lady at the bridge-end (Hunter, ' South
Yorkshire,' i. 19), where there was a cross
with niches for three images. In 1518 a
York tradesman required his wife to make
a pilgrimage to " the roode of Dancastre
at the brigge ende " (' Test. Ebor.,' iv. 202).

Curious accounts of the burning of such
figures at Smithfield, Chelsea, and elsewhere
are in Wriothesley's ' Chronicle,' i. 74-5, 80,
and in Crakanthorp's ' Defensio Ecclesise
Anglicanse,' ed. 1847, p. 591 ; but that from
Doncaster is not mentioned. W. C. B.

See ' Letters and Papers Henry VIII.,'
vol. xiii. i. 1054, 1177 ; ii. 860, 1280 (f. 5b).
The image in question stood in the Carmelite-
Church at Doncaster, and was removed by
the Archbishop before 17 Nov., 1538. If
it was removed to London, it was possibly
burnt at Smithfield, as Latimer suggested
it should be. Henry VIII., before his zeal
for Protestantism had awakened, had kept
a candle perpetually burning before Our
Lady of Doncaster.

JOHN B. WAINE WRIGHT.

One cannot answer as to the burning,
but the first entry in the volume of Kenyon
MSS., issued by the Historical Manuscripts
Commission about 1904-5 deals with a
reputed miracle at Doncaster, under date
15 July, 1524, and gives " testimony by
William Nicolson and others to a miracle
worked upon them by which they escaped
drowning " : " All the company. . . .did
call and cry to Allmighti God and to our-

10 s. VIL JAN. 19, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

TBlessid Lady, whose ymage is honorde and
worshept in the Whyte Freeres of Doncaster,"
&c. See further The Antiquary, February,
1895, p. 64, ' A Miracle at Doncaster,' where
a full account of what happened is given.

J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.

[A. C. H. also thanked for reply.]

ELEANOR OF CASTILE: HER TOMB (10 S.
vii. 8). The late Mr. William Burges, R.A.,
;says of this effigy :

" On examining the statue we discover the same
-conventionalities as we see in that of Henry III.
Thus, the line of the lower eyelid is straight, the
.alse of the nose are small (the nose in this instance
is straight) ; there is not much drawing in the
mouth, but the middle line goes down a little at
either end, and the hair flows down the back in
very strong wavy lines. Now Eleanor at the time
of her death was over forty years of age, and had
.had several children ; it is therefore most im-
probable that this can be a portrait-statue, and, to
a certain degree, we are the gainers; for however
curious it would have been to have seen the real
likenesses of Henry III. and of Eleanor, it is still
more so to have the ideal beauty of one of the
; great periods of art handed down to us in enduring
brass.

Mr. W. J. Loftie's comment on this ('West-
.minster Abbey,' 1890, p. 33) is as follows :
" If the beautiful Eleanor of Castile was not like
the marvellous figure on her tomb, she cannot at least
have been very different. As to her father-in-law,
Henry III., perhaps, as all contemporary accounts
make him an ugly little man, with a squint, the
portrait may be flattered ; but that it is more or
less a portrait, however much idealized, would
seem certain, if only because of the way in which
the features answer to what we know was the
character of the king."

In this connexion it may be worth re-
membering that Edward I. caused a con-
ventional head to be placed upon his coins
a type which persisted, with little change,

.-from 1279 until 1504, when Henry VII. had

.his own portrait in profile stamped upon his

shilling.

Of the other kings and queens in the Con-
e's Chapel, Edward I. and Henry V.
course have no effigies ; that of Ed-
rdlll. " is remarkable as having connected
with it the tradition that the features have
been cast from a mould taken after death " ;
that of his queen, Philippa, " is probably,"

-says Mr. Burges, " the first one in West-
minster Abbey which has any claims to be

'Considered a portrait " ; while that of
Richard II. (with his first wife, Anne of
Bohemia), was made in the king's lifetime,
and may be compared both with his great
portrait in the Abbey and with the earlier
portrait of Richard and his three patron
saints, kneeling before the Madonna and

'Child, at Wilton. A. R. BAYLEY.

CARDINAL MEZZOFANTI : JEREMIAH CURTLNT
(10 S. vii. 6). In November, 1899, 1 arrived
at Burg im Spreewald, in order to pick up a
little Wendish, which is well spoken there.
I met in the inn Dr. G. J. J. Sauerwein, who
had done much work for the British and
Foreign Bible Society and for diverse
libraries in Germany, where he was uni-
versally known as " the German Mezzo-
fanti." Himself descended from a long line
of Lutheran pastors in the kingdom of
Hanover, he introduced me to the Lutheran
rector of Burg, who presented me with
some books in the curious old Slavonic
tongue in which I had heard him preach in a
church which, like those of French Bask-
land, has galleries for the men, while the
women occupy the parterre. He persuaded
me to prolong my stay there ; so that I was
able to converse with him for two days. It
was difficult, owing to his excessive modesty
(which accounts for the fact that, out of his
many publications, only five are recorded
in the Catalogue of the British Museum),
to find out how many languages he knew ;
but they must have been more thanahundred,
though he did not know them all equally
well. He had even learned a certain amount
of Heuskara, and in many letters encouraged
me in my pursuit of that unjustly neglected
language. When he died in Norway
about two years ago, the newspapers of
Christiania, where he passed some days
withfme in 1903, published many accounts
of him. He was buried in Kant's city of
Konigsberg. EDWARD S. DODGSON.

MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS : ST. FAITH
(10 S. vi. 225). With reference to W. E. B.'s
query, the following may be of interest.
The parish church of Overbury, Worcester-
shire, is dedicated to St. Faith. In the
' Register of Worcester Priory, A.D. 1240,'
published by the Camden Society (pp. 76b
and 77b), in an account of a dispute respect-
ing the advowson of Berrow, it is stated that
a certain Robert " recognovit et concessit
Deo et ecclesiae Sanctse Fidis de Uverbir'
prsedictam capellam de la Bereg." From
this it would appear that the saint's name
in Latin was of the third declension, the
genitive case being " Fidis," and the nomi-
native, presumably, " Fides."

T. GLYNN.

S.P.Q.R. (10 S. vi. 467). This legend,
slightly altered to S.P.Q.A., is very much
in evidence at Antwerp. A popular inter-
pretation is the inhospitable sentiment,
" Sortez, polisson ; quittez Anvers."

FRANCIS P. MARCHANT.

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL JAN. 19, 1907.

"HOMELAND" (10 S. vi. 389, 432).
" Roomy " is in common use on Tyneside,
and probably elsewhere, for " spacious,"
said of a room. It is said of garments also ;
when trousers, say, are too large, they are
described as " roomy." R. B B.

South Shields.

MACNAMABA : ITS PBONTJNCIATION (10

S. vi. 485). I have always thought that
the meaning of this name was perfectly clear,
and that, given that meaning, the pronuncia-
tion with the stress on the syllable " ma "
was quite obvious. The meaning is " Son
of the sea." The syllable " na " is the
feminine genitive singular of the definite
article, and the word " mara " is the genitive
singular of the feminine noun " muir," the
sea. Compare the Welsh name Morgan =
sea-begotten. H. T. W.

WELSH A (10 S. vi. 429). Prof. Anwyl
in his ' Welsh Grammar ' (Sonnenschein's
" Parallel Grammar Series," 1898) says :
" a represents the nom. and ace. of the Old
Brythonic relative." For example, we have
in normal order can y dyn, the man sings ;
but in inverted order, where dyn (man) is to
be emphasized, y dyn a gan, (it is) the man
who sings. FBED. G. ACKEBLEY.

Grindleton, Clitheroe.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &o.

A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles.
Vol. VI. LN (Mesne Misbirth). By Henry
Bradley, Hon. M.A. (Oxford, Clarendon Press.)
UNDER, the enlightened charge of Dr. Henry
Bradley a double section of the great dictionary
arrives as a new year's gift to philology. In this
the customary superiority over rival undertakings
is manifested, 3,800 words against 2,459 being the
disparity in the case of the most formidable com-
petition ; while the number of illustrative quota-
tions is 13,931, against no more in any other case
than 1,414. In hmine we are fronted with proof
of the encyclopaedic nature of the information now
conveyed, the first word being meme, an altered
spelling of Anglo-French meen, mean. In feudalism
"mesne lord," a lord who holds an estate of a
superior lord, is first employed by Selden, ' Titles
of Honour,' in 1614. Thirty-nine years earlier is
"mesne land," mesnalty; while "mesne process"
is encountered in 1625. Adverbially=at a time
intermediate between two other times, mesne occurs
so early as 1439. Second comes an erudite article
on meso-, the combining form of Greek fiiooq,
middle, largely employed in scientific phraseology,
chiefly anatomical, but sometimes, as in mesode, a
term in Greek prosody, used in literature, or, as
Mesopotamia, in geography. Mesquita, mesqnit,
are curious forms for mosque, once common, but

obsolete since the seventeenth century. New
information is supplied under mess, a "dirty mess"
being not an etymologically distinct word, but a
natural, though very recent developement of the
older senses. Messan, dog=a lapdog, is from the
Irish. Under messer might perhaps have appeared,
even with some form or protest, the modern use,
occasional and affected, of the word in a phrase
such as "Messer Ludovico" (for Messire). A
curious and instructive article deals with the
introduction into the New Testament of the word
Messiah. Messuage is said to be "probably" a
graphic corruption of "mesnage," though some
difficulty is felt to stand in the way of this-
etymology. Mesteque, the finest order of cochineal,,
is considered of obscure origin. Our remarks on
meso- apply also to meta-, though a misapprehension
of the meaning of metaphysics is the subject of
comment, and the senses in which meta- is used
are more numerous than those of meso-. Camden
speaks of metagrammatism in connexion with
anagrammatism. The various forms of meta-
morphose supply much curious information. Under
metaphysical we find the original sense of the word,,
its application, with a certain amount of reproach,,
to ideas considered too subtle, too abstract, that
which is more than physical, as when Macbeth
speaks of " Fate and metaphysicall ayde," and
Johnson's classification of Donne, Cowley, &c., as
metaphysical poets. Sense 6 of mete, to apportion
by measure, to allot praise, reward, &c., is un-
common till the nineteenth century, but is now,,
though only in literary use, the chief current sense..
Many excellent illustrations are furnished of the
use of meteor. Under meter are given many
nonce-words like Sydney Smith's "foolometre."
Methinks is said to be now archaeological and
poetical. This is doubtless true, though we
seem to recall vaguely some instance of
familiar use. The form -'history of the word is
probably supplied for the first time. A capital
account of method is provided, especially in regard
to medicine ; while the application of the word to
the followers of Wesley is finely shown. Under
Methuselah the corruption " Methusalem," which
survives, is said to be after Jerusalem. The change
in meticulous from "timid" to "over-careful" is
noteworthy. Of metre an account full and exact is
given. Aii allusion in Milton and others to the
" metropolitan toe" is justly said to be obscure.
D'Avenant seems to have been the first to miscall
London a " Metropolis." Mettle was originally the
same word as metal. Of men' in various senses a
full history is given, including the fact, not generally
known, that the mews, stables, were built on the
spot at Charing Cross where the royal hawks were
formerly mewed. Evelyn whose ' Sculptura,'
published in 1662, ascribed to Prince Rupert the
invention of "Mezzo Tinto" is not the first to
mention the term, which is encountered under 1660.
MicUe has an interesting history. Microcosm, a
little world, is of very early occurrence. Microscope
is met with in 1656, and is used by Milton in 1671.
Midden, a manure heap, is regarded as dialectal.
Keats's use of mid-may in the ' Ode to a Nightingale '
might have been quoted. Mind, with its many
meanings, is the subject of much learned comment.
In mine, an excavation, the origin of the French
word mine is doubtful. Concerning mine as a,
possessive pronoun much valuable information is
afforded. Mineral water is found so early as 1562.
Miniature is first found, as might be expected, in

10 s. VIL JAN. 19, 190?:] NOTES AND QUERIES.

Evelyn. Minikin has an interesting history.
Under Minion, minister, &c., is much historical
information. Minuet first occurs in Dryden. Minx,
a pet dog, a pert girl, is of obscure origin. An
article on the prefix mi*- deserves close study.

A Last Ramble in the Classics. By Hugh E. P.

Platt, M.A. (Oxford, Blackwell.)
AT 10 S. iv. 238 we inserted a long review of Mr,
Platt's previous volume, ' Byways in the Classics,'
and we are glad to notice in his present classical
"olla podrida" abundant evidence that he has
profited by our comments and additions. In par-
ticular, he has now added much of interest from
Boswell's ' Johnson ' and Tennyson's ' Life ' by his
son, which we mentioned as capital source's of
classical quotation and comment.

Mr. Platt talks of prosaic names derived from
numerals, but we do not think that such names,
where their meaning is not readily recognized i.e.,
generally are felt to be prosaic in modern times,
as in the cases of Septimus Tennyson and Decima
Moore. The Greeks and Latins, we doubt not,
differed from us in their views of euphony and its
opposite, and we do not think that Matthew Arnold
is quite fair when he exclaims, in his ' Essay on the
Function of Criticism,' at the touch of grossness
in our race shown by " the natural growth amongst
us of such hideous names as Higginbottom, Stiggins,
Biigg ! In Ionia and Attica they were luckier in
this respect than ' the best race in the world ' ; by
the Ilissus there was no Wragg, poor thing !
There were probably equally ugly names in Greece ;
but we do not realize their ugliness, nor did
Matthew Arnold.

Mr. Platt speaks of the doubt whether Lucan
was a poet. He may be interested to know that
Shelley preferred him to Virgil. To us he is little
more than an inspired rhetorician, and his lapses
in taste are hardly balanced by his fine praise of
Pompey.

To the list of proverbial phrases might be added
from the ' Cena Trimalchionis ' " Omnium tex-
torum dicta" for "swearing like a trooper" or
" a bargee," the weavers of Rome having, ap-
parently, this evil pre-eminence.

Some of the classical "mottoes" i.e., modern
applications of classical lines and phrases seem
to us rather far-fetched. This sort of thing de-
generates into pedantry and boredom unless the
point strikes one at once as apt. Mr. E. H.
Blakeney has done well in applying the Homeric
" devisers of the War Cry" to the Salvation Army,
and we cannot resist mention of a Shakespearian
allusion to the same energetic evangelists, which is,
we believe, new. In ' 1 Henry IV.,' III. i., we find
" 'Tis the next way to turn tailor or be red-breast
teacher." What description could be more vivid?
A pleasant form of jesting is the use of canine
Latin by scholars. Thus we have heard of a note
being thrown across at a meeting where two men
were disagreeing with the line

Non est multus amor perditus inter eos.
The great Shilleto, when a boy, heard Dr. Butler
(the grandfather of the author of ' Erewhon ') say,
" If the men will let the boys have the boats, I will
have them up before the magistrates." As these
words fell gradually from the Doctor's lips, Shilleto
wrote on a scrap of paper :
Quando velint homines pueris eonducere cymbas,
Ante magistratus Butler habebit eos.

rlaving done so, he slid the paper on to Dr. Butler's
desk. " Psha, boy, psha ! " was all the answer
made him; "but," said Shilleto, "the Doctor
folded the paper carefully up and put it in his
pocket."

This, with much other classical allusion, is taken
: rom a neglected book, 'The Life and Letters of
Samuel Butler,' by his brilliant grandson (Murray,
1896). We give from memory Shilleto's epigram on
jladstone, which we have never seen in print,
though it has doubtless appeared somewhere :

Unde mini lapidem peterem quo laetus eum cui
Inditur a Iteto nomen et a lapide.

Gray's ' Letters,' which should be read in the
excellent edition of Mr. Duncan Tovey, afford, as
might be expected, much insight into the delights
of classical learning imbibed at leisure. In vol. ii.,
for instance, is a waggish perversion in a letter to
Mason of 6 October, 1759 : " Your friend Dr.
Plumptre has lately sat for his picture to Wilson.
The motto, in large letters (the measure of which
he himself proscribed), is, Non magna loquimur,
sed vivimus," i.e., "We don't say much, but we
hold good livings."

The same volume quotes two references to
Juvenal x. 41 by Walpole : " Servus curru portatur
eodem," when Bob, formerly a waiter at White's,
was returned for Parliament (p. 9) ; and p. 151
offers the perversion :

et .ibi Countess
Ne placeat, ma'amselle curru portatur eodem.

Mr. Platt invents an odd reason for the love of
Horace in the English people, if, indeed, such love
still exists. It seems fairly obvious that Horace
represents to perfection the comfortable views of
the man of the world to take the golden mean, be
careful of the man and the occasion when you talk,
not to overtax your digestion, &c. It is the very
opposite of the doctrines of chivalry, which expect
a man to seek danger for its own sake and do
quixotic things.

Trollope is fairly veracious in his detail, and we
may therefore regard the following passage in the
' Last Chronicle of Barset,' new " Library Edition "
(i. 39), as a testimony to the present decay of in-
terest and knowledge in Greek. Mr. Crawley, the
scholar and parson, who is at his wits' end for
enough to live on, "had translated into Greek
irregular verse the very noble ballad of Lord Bate-
man, maintaining the rhythm and the rhyme, and
had repeated it with uncouth glee till his daughter
knew it all by heart. And when there had come to
him a five-pound note from some admiring maga-
zine editor as the price of the same, still through
the dean's hands, he had brightened up his heart,
and had thought for an hour or two that even yet
the world would smile on him."

The modern magazine editor would certainly
smile at such a misguided attempt to get money out
of him. He does not bother about Greek, and if
he had to do so, it is probable that he would employ
some one to read it for him. Greek and Latin gods
and heroes figure now chiefly in advertisements of
soap and patent foods !

We end our notice, as on a former occasion, with
an Oxford jest. It is recorded by the late Grant
Duff, and is certainly ben trovato. When Arch-
deacon Denison was standing for a fellowship at
Oriel, his next neighbour, an elderly candidate for
matriculation at the same college, said to him,

<60

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL JAN. 19, 1907.

" Would you oblige the father of a family by telling
him whether aliquando is a preposition or the name
of a heathen god ? "

WE have received a timely announcement, in
view of the forthcoming " Tercentenary Celebra-
tions of the Founding of the Colony of Virginia by
Opt. John Smith." Messrs. .MacLehose have in
the press the works of Capt. John Smith, com-
prising 'The General History of Virginia, New
England, and the Summer Isles,' published in 1626 ;
' The True Travels, Adventures, and Observations
of Capt. John Smith,' his own account of his early
life, published in 1630 ; and ' A Sea Grammar,' pub-
'lished in 1627, a treatise on the ship of his time and
the manner of sailing and lighting her. These
extremely scarce works will be reprinted in the
same style as the publishers' editions of ' Hakluyt '
and'Purchas His Pilgrimes.' The best thanks of
the literary world are due to Messrs. MacLehose for
their admirable enterprise in republishing famous
works of travel.

BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES.

MESSRS. W. BROUGH & SONS, of Birmingham,
-send us three catalogues, Nos. 822-3-4, and, as they
state, each issue contains an entirely different
selection. Collectors of Alpine works will find
presentation copies from Whymper of his rare first
edition of 'Scrambles among the Alps' and his
' Travels amongst the Great Andes of the Equator,'
with sroecial volume of maps, 101. 10*. Other items
include The Art Journal, 1862-92, 42 vols., 12/. 12s. ;
Bewick's ' Birds ' and ' Quadrupeds,' large - paper,
1805-7, 51. 5s.-, a complete set of / Le

TJlltJ iStJIX/llVA \J1- J-AAV> iMM.jLj -^*j ~5 *.--... *~-j 7 * ~y

publisher's cloth, 37. 10*. ; Burke's Works, 9 vols.,
1845 11. 7*- 5 Burns, "Library Edition," 6 vols.,
41 4.1; Morris's ' British Birds,' 191. 19*. ; Mey rick's
'Ancient Armour,' 1842, 6/. 6*.; first edition of
Carlvle's 'Frederick the Great,' 1858-65, 41. 4*. ;
Burton's 'Arabian Nights' 12/ 12*. ; Neale's
' Country Seats,' both series, bound by Riviere, 2ol. ;
Edinburgh Review, 1802-97, II. 7*. ; and a complete
set erf Scott, "Abbotsford Edition," Cadell, 1842,
18 vols., 20^.

Mr. G. A. Poynder, of Reading, has in his Cata-
lo<nie 42 the rare first edition of Fanny Burney's
' The Wanderer,' 5 vols., 1814, 6/. ; also 'Cecilia,'
1782 21. 18*. Qd. ; and Johnson's " English Poets,"
68 vols. , 1779- 81 , K. Under Drama are ' The British
Theatre' "Bell's British Library," 1791, 22 vols.,
31 as ; and Massinger's Works, 1779, 21. The list

t/ion iruiii K3UWG1. uj, " j*v. ^**~^*-*~, t sv.
are four original water-colours of ht. Helena, on
rice paper, 1820, 21, ; and under Jeremy Bentham is
a souvenir, being a massive gold memorial ring with
miniature by J. Field, 11, Strand, ol. 58. There are
numerous copies of the Proceeding* of the Royal
Society in wrappers as issued.

Mr. C. Richardson, of Manchester, includes in
Catalogue 47, Part 2, many items relating to Lan-
cashire. Among these are Herdman's 'Pictorial
Relics of Ancient Liverpool,' 2 vols., folio, 1878,
41 4s ' Court Leet Records of the Manor of Man-
chester,' 12 vols., royal 8vo, 21. 10*. ; and Lancashire

Antiquarian Society's Transactions, 19 vols., 41. 4s.
The general list includes a copy of Littre's ' Dic-
tionnaire,' 5 vols., 41. ; Lodge's ''Portraits,' 51. 10*. ;
first edition, in the original parts, of Lever's
' Davenport Dunn,' 41. ; Lof tie's ' Westminster
Abbey,' 25*. (only 100 of this edition issued, this
being No. 1); Malory's ' King Arthur,' introduction

1809, 11. ; Rugby Miscellany^ 1845-6, 11. 10*. (this
copy has the names of the contributors filled in by
the late Prof. Conington) ; and Scott's Novels,
"Border Edition," 48 vols., large paper, 1892, 13/. 10*.
Under Medical, in the Addenda, is ' New System
of Medicine,' by many writers, edited by Allbutt
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CONTENTS. No. 161.

NOTES : Orwell Town and Haven, 61 Magdalen College
School, 63 Granger annotated by Caulfleld, 65 Raja-i-
Rajgan Statues of the Georges Shakespeare's Residence
New Place, 66" Wroth " Uncatalogued London Records
in the Guildhall Librarj " Umpire " " Shadow-catcher,"
67.

QUERIES : " Mitis" " Moke " " Mulatto " Royal
Kepier School, Houghton-le-Spring Subsidy Rolls, 68
Wyberton, Lines Bishop Island, South Pacific Rowe's
'Shakespeare' "Bossing" Authors of Quotations
Wanted Sir John Gibson's Portrait, 69 Sussex Poll-
BooksLittleton's ' History of Islington,' 70.

REPLIES : Bidding Prayer, 70 Roman Catholic Priests
buried in London Post Boxes, 72 Baskish Folk-lore
about Souls Isle of Man and the Countess of Derby
"Thistolow" 'Cantus Hibernici,' 73 Scott Illustrators
Dorothy Paston or Bedingfield " King Copin "Towns
unlucky for Kings, 74 'The Christmas Boys' Cam-
bridge Booksellers and Printers, 75 John Newbery's
Grave Queen Victoria of Spain : Name-Day, 76 Pen-
nell's 'Life of Leland '" Plump " in Voting, 77 Cam-
bridge University Chancellor West Indian Military
Records Palimpsest Brass Inscriptions "Posui Deum
adjutorem meum" Riming Deeds, 78 Reynolds's Por-
traits of Miss G re ville Guevara Inscriptions: "Potie"
Warden Romney's Ancestry, 79.

NOTES ON BOOKS : - ' The Plantagenet Roll of the
Blood Royal' 'The Riot at Trinity College, 1611'
Massee's ' Text- Book of Fungi.'

Notices to Correspondents.

ORWELL TOWN AND HAVEN.

(Concluded from p. 23.)
As regards the situation of the port of
Goseford, there is a document dated 1341,
8 Aug., in which it is stated that a ship
sailing from the port of Orwell to Colchester
was driven by stress of weather into the port
of Goseford (Cal. of Close Rolls, Edward III.).
Mr. Marsden quotes from the old English
sailing directions published by the Hakluyt
Society, but the old German-Dutch ' Sea-
Book,' edited by Karl Koppmann (Bremen,
1876), has evidently escaped his notice,
although the sailing directions given therein
for the east coast of England from Flam-
borough Head (Vlamberger hovede) to
Dungeness are highly interesting both as
regards Orwell and Goseford. According
to the modern editor, the two known MSS.
are both of the sixteenth century, but are
copied, at least in parts, from older sources.
In chap. xiv. par. 28 we are first of all
told that " off Orwell lies an evil sand a
German mile from the shore, and the sand
does not come nearer than six or seven
fathoms at low water," whatever that
may mean. This evil sand is shown in
Wagenaer's ' Mariner's Mirrour,' lying paral-
lel to the coast, and stretching from Orford-

nesse to opposite the Pole Head (now
Landguard Point). The ' Sea-Book ' then
mentions the great castle with many towers
at Orford, and describes. Orfordnesse.

In par. 29 we are told that " if you wish
to sail with a heavy ship into Orwell, you
must take half a tide, when there is enough
depth to get over all sands." Inside and
outside lies a shoal (in the entrance) between
the shingle bank and the Red Cliff, which
shoal dries at low water. The shingle bank
lies on the east side, and is flat outside and
deep inside. The mariner is further en-
couraged not to be afraid of the shingle bank
so long as he is in three fathoms of water
(unde gy en suit de singele nicht schuwen
umme dre vademe).

Par. 30 next gives directions how to get
into Orwell (which, as I should have men-
tioned before, is always named Norwelle).
The mariner is told to sail westward until he
sees a large tree, which stands near Harwich
(by norden Herwyk) over the water ; and
at the north end (nortende) of Harwich
stands a great, round, plump tower on the
spit of land of the northern shore. When
the tree and the tower are so close together
that one can just see through between them,
" then you are in the deepest channel."

We may skip the next paragraph, which
gives directions as to how to get out of
Orwell, and proceed to par. 32, which states
that if a ship arriving from the west wishes
to get into Orwell, it has to sail along till
you can see Goseford tower (Gla-evorder
toren) west of Bawdsey Cliff (Baldersee
Kleff). Full directions are then given for
entering the harbour.

Par. 33 finally describes another way of
getting into Orwell. In this case one had
to sail so far westward that Goseford tower
(Glasevorder torne) could no longer be seen
on the west side of the haven in the wood,
and Orford had to be kept outside Bawdsey
Cliff ; and one had to go west-south (westen
suden) until one could see a large oak tree
standing east of Ipswich (Syweswick), two
English miles from Woodbridge (Walden-
brugge). The tree was then to be brought
to the west of the shingle bank (by westen
de Singele).

The sailing directions, I admit, are some-
what difficult to understand without a con-
temporary chart, but they prove beyond all
doubt that Goseford tower was then still
in existence and a good landmark for sailors,
unless I am mistaken.

Mr. Marsden further mentions the fact
that there has long been a tradition among
the Harwich people that there was once a

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL JAN. 26 , 1907,

town on the West Rocks (called Cliff Foot
Rocks on nineteenth-century charts). It is
said that remains of buildings have been
seen there and stones of buildings have
been dredged up from the sea bottom. He
has been told by a dredgerman that his
informant has himself seen part of a church
spire dredged up. But Mr. Marsden dis-
misses all this as " fishermen's tales " that
are common on the east coast, and probably
have their origin in the fact that remains of
the wholly or partially submerged towns
of " Ravenspur " (Ravenser and Ravenser-
Odd ?), Dunwich, &c., have been found,
but surely not on the West Rocks at Harwich.
He admits there is no doubt that Walton
Naze once extended much further to sea
than it does now ; it wastes daily, and so
long ago as the fourteenth century parts of
the lands of " the church of London " in
that locality were described as consumpta
per mare. If, however, by all this he means
to imply that the West Rocks once formed
part of the mainland, then the town which
once stood there must also have been in the
county of Essex and could not have been
Orwell, as Morant asserts (' History of Essex,'
p. 501), because the latter town belonged to
Suffolk, unless it stood on an island, off
Walton Naze.

Mr. Hurwood, in a paper read in Novem-
ber, 1860, before the Institution of Civil
Engineers ' On the River Orwell and the
Port of Ipswich,' referred to "an old map
of England " from which " it appeared
that the locality on which Landguard Fort
now stood was originally an island, and that
the harbour had formerly two entrances ;
the northern entrance, it might be assumed,
had been closed up by travelling shingle."

Landguard Fort was built according to
the same writer in the reign of James I.,
for the defence of the harbour, and by an old
picture it appeared that its site was then
the extremity of Landguard Point.

Morant also suggests that the rivers Stour
and Orwell formerly flowed into the sea
under Bull's Cliff at Felixstowe, some dis-
tance (2 miles) north of the present estuary;
but I agree with Mr. Marsden this must
have been a long time ago, probably not in
historical times, and long before Orwell
existed.

Samuel Dale (in 1730) refers to an old
author who " sometime since affirmed "
that the present entrance to Harwich harbour
is artificial and of no old date, the old
channel having been formerly on the other
side of Landguard Fort, " which then stood
in Essex." The old author in question was,

no doubt, Edmund Gibson, the Bishop of
London and editor of one of the English
editions of Camden's ' Britannia,' whose
theory Dale himself attacked in a letter
dated February, 1703, and addressed to
Edward Lhwyd, Keeper of the Ashmolean
Repository in Oxford. It was published
in vol. xxiv. of the Philosophical Transac-
tions (concerning Harwich Cliff and the fossils
found there).

I quote below the passage from Silas
Taylor's MS. which gave occasion to Dale
to refer to his older contribution to the-
literature of the subject :

"It is generally believed that the S ton re did
formerly in a streighter current (than now it doth),
discharge itself into the sea about Hoasley-Bav
under the highlands of Walton-Coleness and Felix-
stow in the County of Suffolk, betwixt which

and Landguard Fort are, as they are reputed
certain remains of the old channel, which the
neighbouring Inhabitants still call Flwlx, retaining
at this day [1676] the tradition of the course of the
water, and the entrance into this haven to have
heretofore been by and through them ; and con-
sequently below them (North- Kast) to have been
that before mentioned Ostium Stoiiri"

But Hollesley Bay is 1 1 miles from Land-
guard Point, and therefore a good distance
beyond Bull's Cliff and Felixstowe ; and
owing to the presence of the high lands
referred to by Taylor, the river could have
never flowed into the sea so far north.

Mr. Marsden's statement, however, that
the harbour mouth has not materially
changed its position for upwards of 400
years, is equally incorrect. I have only
to refer him to the Report of Capt. John
Washington, R.N., published as Appendix A
of the ' Report of the Commissioners upon
the Subject of Harbours of Refuge ' in 1845,
from which it will suffice to quote the follow-
ing paragraph :

" But while the sea has gained upon the land on
the western [the Essex] side of the harbour [by
having washed aAvay Beacon Cliff], the contrary has
taken place on the eastern or (Suffolk side, where
within the last 30 years Landguard Point has grown
out 1,500 feet, thereby blocking up the chief en-
brance into the harbour ; so that where in the year
1804 was a channel seven fathoms deep at low water
is now a shingle beach as many feet above high-
water mark."

This was in 1843.

The progress, however, was subsequently

hecked by the erection of a stone break-
water, on the Essex side, run out from the

bot of Beacon Cliff, and by the removal by-
dredging of several shoals within Harwich

larbour, the object of these works being to
restore the scour of the tidal streams to the
Landguard Point side of the entrance and

10 s. VIL JAN. 26, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

to create a broad fairway into the harbour.

The shoals in question were the Gristle,
Bone, Glutton, Cod, Altar Flat, and Altar
Bank, all lying nearer to the Suffolk than the
Essex side of Harwich harbour that is, of
old Orwell Haven.

When dredging these shoals, the engineers
reported on 8 January, 1851 :

" In the removal of the north end of the Glutton
Shoal, a considerable number of short oak piles
were met with, from four to five inches square, arid
from three to live feet long, with pointed ends, and
apparently connected together by wales [horizontal
pieces] and ties. Their removal has been a difficult
and expensive operation."

The next reports mention that slow
progress had been made owing to a con-
siderable quantity of sandstone rock having
been met at the Glutton Shoal, which might
require blasting.

On 6 July, 1853, the engineers report that in
the Bone " Shoal a number of oak piles have
been met with ; they are about five feet in
length, and six to eight inches square,
pointed at the lower ends." The sandstone
rock on the Glutton had to be blasted. As
regards the Bone Shoal, another report
(17 Jan., 1853) states that " a considerable
number of timber piles have been met with
at a depth of about 12 feet below low water
.... about 4 feet long and 5 ins. square,
pointed at one end," as on the upper part
of Glutton Shoal.

All these quarterly reports were addressed
to the Secretary of the Admiralty, and pub-
lished as Parliamentary papers on ' Harbours
of Refuge.'

As regards Landguard Point the engineers'
reports show that a long prevalence of
easterly winds invariably caused the spit
to extend in the direction of its length ; in
one instance (first quarter of 1855) the in-
crease was 100 feet in a south-easterly
(? south-westerly) direction. The point w r as
then " above high water for about 100 feet
to the westward of the line of the two light-
houses in one " which was supposed to
guide vessels safely into the harbour.
Between May, 1845, and October, 1856,
there had been a total extension of 560 feet,
or about 50 feet per annum ; and as the
length of the point had increased, its width
had diminished, and it was 70 feet less in
1856 than in 1845. A report in 1853 men-
tions the washing away of land on the sea
side, especially near the Ordnance burial-
ground.

A prevalence of westerly winds, on the
other hand, had always checked the growth
of the point.

Mr. John B. Redman, in a foot-note to<
a paper read before the Institution of Civil
Engineers in January, 1864, reports that
" the rate of progress still continues, the
westerly tendency increasing."

Researches in the muniment rooms of
Harwich and Ipswich may perhaps throw
further light on the question of the ancient
history of Orwell. L. L. K.

MAGDALEN COLLEGE SCHOOL AND

THE 'D.N.B.'
(See 10 S. iv. 21, 101, 182, 244, 364 ; v. 22,
122, 284, 362 ; vi. 2, 104, 203.)

I CONTINUE my notes from Benjamin
Rogers, the musician.

Sir William Scroggs (1652 ?-95), lawyer.
Son of Lord Chief Justice of same names ;.
Chorister ; treasurer, Gray's Inn ; K.C.

John Shepherd (1521 ?-fl. 1550), musician.
Chorister of St. Paul's ; in 1542 appointed
Instructor of Choristers and organist at
Magdalen ; resigned next year, but resumed
post in 1545 ; in 1547 paid 81. as teacher
of boys for one year, and other sums for
repairing organ, vestments, &c. ; then again
resigned, but in 1548 supplied twelve music-
books for 5s. ; Fellow 1549-51 ; probably
then entered Edward VI. 's Chapel Royal ;
in April, 1554, supplicates for degree of
Mus.Doc.Oxon, but his petition apparently
not granted ; reappears in Magd. records
for 1555. Having dragged a boy " in chains "
from Malmesbury to Oxford, probably for
impressment as a chorister, and having
represented himself on the journey as "the
principal officer of the College after the
President," the odium of his proceedings
had fallen upon the Vice-President, where-
fore he was " sharply admonished for his
impudence " ; but the custom of pressing
boys for service in the choir of the Chapel
Royal existed as far back as the time of
Richard III., and at Whitehall, out of eight
choristers it was usual, after 1597, to send
six at one time to be trained at Blackfriars
Theatre ; but an order was made in 1626,
while Dr. Nathaniel Giles (see 10 S. vi. 3)
was Master in Song and Organist, to pacify
the Puritans,

"that none of the Choristers or Children of the
Chappell, soe to be taken by force of this Com-
mission, shalbe used or imployed as Comedians or
Stage players, or to exercise or acte any Stage
plaies, interludes, Comedies or Tragedies."
Shepherd is classed by Morley among
famous English composers.

Thomas Sherley or Shirley (1638-78),
physician in ordinary to Charles II. Lived

NOTES AND QUERIES, no s. VIL JAN. 20, 1907.

-with his father, Sir Thomas, in Magdalen
-while Oxford was garrisoned by royal troops
and went to M.C.S. ; obtained M.D. degree
in France ; imprisoned by Commons for
appealing to Upper House against a member
(Sir John Fagge), whom they had declared
exempt from lawsuits during session (1675).
Fagge having been granted Sherley's paternal
estate of Wiston during Civil War, Sherley
died of disappointment at his ill success.

Richard Sherry or Shirrye (1506 ?-56 ?),
author. Demy 1522; Master of M.C.S.
1534-40 (between Robertson and Goodall)
wrote ' A Treatise of the Figures of Gram-
mer and Rhetorike.'

John Sibthorp (1758-96), botanist. At
M.C.S. ; Radcliffe travelling Fellow ; suc-
ceeded his father (Humphrey) as Sherardian
Professor of Botany, Oxon, but returned
to Continent ; visited Crete, Smyrna, Cyprus,
Greece, &c. ; published ' Flora Oxoniensis ' ;
endowed Chair of Rural Economy at Oxford.
Bloxam (iii. 237) gives the following anec-
dote of his elder brother while at M.C.S. :

" About 1766 took place in the Schoolroom the
mock trial of Gervase, third son of Dr. Sibthorp, con-
victed of highway robbery and sentenced to be
hanged from a hook in one of the pillars, who, but
for the accidental arrival of the Master (Robert
Bryne) and his cutting the cord just in time, would
have died."

John Smith or Smyth (1662-1717), dra-
matist. Probably great-grandson of the
genealogical antiquary of same names ;
chorister 1676 ; Usher of M.C.S. (succeed-
ing Richard Wright) 1689 until his death,
when buried in College Chapel.

Miles Smith (1618-71), secretary of Arch
bishop Sheldon. A near kinsman of Bishop
of Gloucester of same names ; chorister
1634-41 ; B.C.L. ; produced a metrical
version of the Psalms.

Richard Smith or Smyth (1554-1638),
father of book-collector and author of
' Obituary ' of same names (q.v. * D.N.B.').
Demy ; grandson of Gentleman-Usher to
Elizabeth of same names ; in Holy Orders.

Thomas Smith (1638-1710), Nonjuring
divine and scholar. Master of M C.S. !
(between Timothy Parker and John Curie)
1663-6 ; Fellow, Vice-President, Bursar ; i
went for three years to Constantinople (1668) j
as Chaplain ; ejected from Magd. as anti-
Papist (1688), but refused oaths to William
and Mary ; librarian of Cottonian Library ;
wrote learned works on the Turks ; nick-
named " Rabbi Smith " ; left MSS. to Thos.
Hearne.

Thomas Sparke (1548-1616), divine.
Demy 1567 ; Fellow ; conforming Puritan

of note ; Prebendary of Lincoln and rector
of Bletchley ; attended Hampton Court
Conference ; influenced by James I. His
son William (1587-1641), Demy 1606 and
Fellow, chaplain to Duke of Buckingham,
succeeded him at Bletchley.

John Stanbridge or Stanbrygge (1463-
1510), grammarian. Of Winchester and
New Coll., where Fellow ; Usher of M.C.S.
and, upon John Anwykyll's death, Master
1487-94 ; Master of Hospital of St. John
at B anbury ; rector of Win wick and Pre-
bendary of Lincoln ; wrote ' Vocabula,'
' Vulgaria,' ' Accidentia,' &c. ; Andrew
Scarbott was Master of M.C.S. between him
and Wolsey. His brother, or near relative,
Thomas Stanbridge, Master of M.C.S. 1517-
1522 (succeeding Hayle or Halye) ; Master
of Banbury Grammar School, where Sir
Thomas Pope (1507 ?-59), founder of
Trinity College, Oxon, was a scholar.

John Stokesley (1475 ?-1539), Bishop of
London. Fellow ; Usher of M.C.S. for
one month in 1497 ; Vice-Pres dent, when
rngaged in fierce dissensions with other
Fellows, who accused him (inter a ia) of
heresy, theft, adultery, and of christening
a cat ; at the Bishop of Winchester's visita-
tion the Fellows " in sign of unity all drank
of a loving-cup together " ; Principal Magd.
Hall ; Dean of Chapel Royal ; envoy to
France ; tried to win over Italian univer-
sities to Henry VIII. 's divorce ; condemned
John Frith and other Protestants ; opposed
translation of Bible into English ; resisted
Cranmer's visitation ; incurred Cromwell's
hostility. A portrait by Holbein at Windsor,
and a copy of it, presented by Dr. Bloxam,
at M.C.S.

John Addington Symonds (1807-71),
physician. Showed at M.C.S. " an aptitude
:or classical studies and a strong bent
towards literature " ; held several posts on
staff of Bristol Hospital ; author ; father
of critic and poet of same names.

William Symonds or Simons (1556-1616 ?),
divine. Master (Ludimagister) of M.C.S.
1583-6 (between Nicholas Balguay and
Paul Smith) ; in his time great com-
plaints were made by some of the Fellows,
both to the Chancellor of the University and
to th' ir own visitor, respecting the condition
of the School, it being asserted the Master
was non-resident, and that the President
(Humphrey) of the College had sold the
appointment to him ; held many church
preferments, and at one time resided in
Virginia ; published theological works.

Christopher Taylor (1615-86), Quaker
schoolmaster. Chorister 1623 ; converted

10 s. vii. JAN. 26, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

by George Fox, he started a school at Walt-
ham Abbey 1670 ; followed William Penn
to Pennsylvania ; published religious works ;
brother of Thomas T. (q.v. ' D.N.B.').

John Thornborough (1551-1641), Bishop
of Worcester. Demy 1569 ; at Oxford led
a gay life, associating with Robert Pinkney
of St. Mary Hall. " These two," says Wood
(' Athenae,' ii. 99),

" loved Simon Formari well, hut, being given much
to pleasure, they would make him go to the Keeper
of the Forest of Shotover for his hounds to go a-
hunting from morning to night. They never studied,
as Simon saith, nor gave themselves to their books,
but spent their time in the fencing-schools, dancing-
schools, in stealing dear and conies, in hunting the
hare, and wooing girls. They went often to the
house of Dr. Giles Lawrence (Regius Professor of
Greek) at Cowley, to see his two fair daughters,
Elizabeth and Martha, the first of whom Thorn-
borough wooed, the other Pinkney, who at length
married her, but Thornborough deceived the
other."

Chaplain to second Earl of Pembroke and
to Queen Elizabeth ; Dean of York ; Bishop
of Limerick ; of Bristol ; zealous against
recusants and in raising forced loans. His
younger brother Giles (1562-1637) Demy
1576 ; Sub-dean of Sarum, &c.

Henry John Todd (1763-1845), editor of
Milton and author. Chorister 1771 ; libra-
rian at Lambeth Palace and royal chaplain ;
rector of Settrington ; Archdeacon of York ;
edited Spenser ; wrote life of Cranmer ;
presented his collection of books relating
to Milton to the College ; his portrait in
M.C.S. painted by Joseph Smith from a
sketch taken in 1822.

John Tombes (b. 1636. Chorister 1651,
son of the Baptist divine of same names,
who entering Magdalen Hall, aged fifteen,
became a noted tutor there, and subsequently
vicar of Leominster (q.v. 'D.N.B.').

Nathanael Tomkins (b. 1584). Chorister
1596 ; Usher of M.C.S. 1606-10 (between
Richard Newton and Mercadine Hunnis).
Owes his inclusion in ' D.N.B.' in small print,
at end of article on Thomas Tomkins the
musician to Wood's confusion of the former
with the latter in Fasti,' 799 ; a mistake
found in Bloxam, i. 27, but corrected in ii. 47.

Laurence Tomson (1539-1608), politician,
author, and transcriber. Demy 1553 ;
Fellow ; accompanied Sir Thomas Hoby to
France ; M.P. for Weymouth, &c. ; tra-
velled extensively and knew many languages;
employed by Walsingham ; author of
theological and commercial works.

William Tyndale, alias Huchyns (d. 1536),
translator of the Bible. Born probably
between 1490 and 1495 ; " Foxe's phrase,

* brought up from a child in the University,'
seems to imply his matriculation at a very
early age, and if so, almost certainly as a-
scholar " of M.C.S. (v. Hamilton's ' Hertford
Coll.,' 105) ; B.A. Magd. Hall 1512 ; it is
extremely doubtful whether he was nomi-
nated an original Canon of Cardinal College
by Wolsey, who may have been his master
at M.C.S. ; ordered by Wolsey to be seized
at Worms ; escaped to Marburg ; approved
for a time by Henry VIII. ; engaged in
bitter controversy with Sir Thomas More ;
Henry VIII. sought to kidnap him ; betrayed
by Henry Phillips to imperial officers and
arrested for heresy ; imprisoned at Vilvorde ;.
strangled and burned at the stake, in spite
of Cromwell's intercession. Hertford College
(olim Magdalen Hall) possesses his portrait ;
and a similar picture, but upon panel,
belongs to the British and Foreign Bible*
Society. A. R. BAYLEY.

St. Margaret's, Great Malvern.
(To be continued.)

GRANGER ANNOTATED BY
CAULFIELD.

I HAVE before me an interleaved copy of
the fourth volume of Granger's ' Biographi-
cal History ' (second edition, 1775), ex-
tensively annotated by James Caulfield,.
the printseller. The greater number of
his comments refer to the comparative
scarcity of the prints, every one of which
he has priced ; but some of his notes provide
interesting side-lights on the printsellers
and collectors of his day and their methods.
Here are a few selected at random :

"Sir Aston Cockain, 51. 5s. Qd. The print of
Cockain is extremely rare. Sir William Musgrave,.
who had been collecting portraits for many years,
could never meet with one. Mr. Tighe had one,
which sold at Richardson's for 51, 5s. Qd., but not
before Richardson had copied it for his work."

"Richard Head, 15s. Qd. Richard Head used to
sell for 7*. 6d. , but the book from which it comes
(' The English Rogue ') is now very scarce, and the-
portrait seldom to be met with. I copied it for my
' Remarkable Persons,' and permitted a young man
to have several impressions taken off on old paper,,
which he imposed on several persons for original
prints, though he told me it was to put them before
some copies of the work he had by him."

" Jacob Bobart, 121. 12s. Qd. The print of Bobart
sold in Musgrave's sale for 121. 12s. Qd. I had an
opinion I should meet with some of this rare print
at Oxford, where Burghers, the engraver, always
resided, but was disappointed in my search. The
family of Bobart are settled at Woodstock, and a
place in Oxfordshire called Nettlebed, where a Mrs.
Bobart, of the elder branch, has a considerable
estate, and is reputed worth 800^. a year. His.
brother, who was educated at the Charter House,.

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL JAN. 26, 1907.

has likewise a good property, hut is uncommonly
fond of horses, and to indulge this propensity has
bought a share in some of the Oxford stages, one of
which he constantly drives. I enquired of him if
he had any prints of his ancestor, hut found he had
not, though he said a brother who is a hosier at
Woodstock has a very fine painting of him."

Part of this biographical memorandum is
given by Bray in his foot-note to Evelyn's
'Diary,' 24 October, 1664 (vide the recent
edition in 4 vols., ii. p. 171). A copy of the
print was in the Sykes Sale, March, 1824,
lot 849, bought by Grave for 61. 85. Qd.

" Fran9ois Le Pipre, 15s. Of/. The mezzo tinto of Le
Pipre is an anonymous print, and very little known
to either printsellers or collectors. It is a small
.quarto in the manner of Vaillaint's prints, and
represents a rough-looking man without hat or cap,
the collar of his shirt unbuttoned, and upon com-
parison with Wai pole's print is known to be Le
Pipre. Coram has bought 3 or 4 lately in sales,
with many other prints in a lot for 2s. M. or 3*.,
though young Grave and many printsellers of note
have oeen in the room at the time, but did not know
this print. According to the impression, it will
bring from 15-s. to 11. 1-s. Qd."

"Louise, Dutchess of Portsmouth, 6/. 6*. Od. The
plate of the Dutchess of Portsmouth by Baudet
must be at Paris among the plates of Basan, though
here the print is so rarely met with that it sells for
.5 or 6 guineas. Paris is a place that has never been
visited by any other than gentlemen collectors who
know not how to seek after scarce prints Mr. Wai-
pole and Ant" Storer only excepted, who certainly
met with many of their most curious prints while in
France."

Jf these few excerpta from Caulfield's
jottings are found of sufficient interest,
I shall be pleased to give a further selection
at a later date. ALECK ABRAHAMS.

39, Hillmarton Road, N.

RAJA-I-RAJGAN : INDIAN TITLE. There
is an amusing blunder in the January
number of The Nineteenth Century. The
Raja of Kapurthala, who contributes an
interesting article on ' The Education of
Indian Princes,' is described in the table
of contents as " H.H. the Raja I. Rajgan
of Kapurthala." This looks as if the printer
thought Rajgan was a surname. Of course
the proper way to write this title is Rdja-i-
Rdjgdn. It means " King of Kings." The
vowel i in Persian denotes the possessive
case ; compare King Edward's title, Kaisar-
i-Hind, which no one would dream of
writing " Kaisar I. Hind."

JAS. PLATT, Jun.

STATUES or THE GEORGES. Three of the
four Georges have statues in London, which
.are all impartially ignored in the list in the
' Dictionary of Dates.' Those who fre-
quently visit the great hive of learning in

Great Russell Street, and all whose avoca-
tions of any kind take them often to Blooms-
bury, must be familiar with the sight of
George I. on the top of St. George's Church ;
but the old jokes about making the king
the head of the steeple are forgotten, and
probably few who look up at the statue know
whose it is. The figure of George III. on
horseback in Pall Mall is known to multitudes
who pass that way. But I find that con-
spicuous as is the equestrian statue of
George IV. in Trafalgar Square (the horse's
tail turned towards the National Gallery),
many persons do not know it to be of that
not exactly popular king. Perhaps this is
partly because there is no name on it,
which it seems to me every statue should
have. It is by Chantrey, as I mentioned
in 10 S. hi. 448. By a curious pleonasm,
Marochetti's statue of Richard Coeur de
Lion in Old Palace Yard is mentioned twice
in the list in Haydn. W. T. LYNN.

Blackheath.

SHAKESPEARE'S RESIDENCE NEW PLACE.
In Mr. Sidney Lee's ' Life of William
Shakespeare ' a work which, in my opinion,
should be universally studied we are told,
on the authority of Halliwell-Phillipps, that
New Place was purchased in 1675 by Sir
Edward Walker, through whose daughter
Barbara, wife of Sir John Clopton, it
reverted to the Clopton family. In 1702
(eighty-six years after Shakespeare's death)
Sir John rebuilt it. On the death of Sir
John's son, in 1752, it was bought by the
Rev. Francis Gastrell, who died in 1768,
having in 1759 demolished the " new
building."

I have just discovered that in the follow-
ing year, namely, in July, 1760, a letter
appeared in The London Magazine, written
by a lady on a journey from Stratford-upon-
Avon to her friend in Kent, from which
the following is an extract :

" There stood here till lately the house in which
Shakespeare lived, and a mulberry tree of his
planting ; the house was large, strong, and hand-
some ; the tree so large that it would shade the
grass-plat in your garden, which I think is more
than 20 yards square, and supply the whole town
with mulberries every year. As the curiosity of
this house and tree brought much fame, and more
company and profit, to the town, a certain man, on
some disgust, has pulled the house down, so as not
to leave one stone upon another, and cut down the
tree, and piled it as a stack of fire-wood, to the
great vexation, loss and disappointment of the in-
habitants; however, an honest silversmith bought
the whole stock of wood, and makes many odd
things of this wood for the curious, some of which I
hope to bring with me to town. I am," &c.

to s. vii. JAN. 26, loo:.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

It will be seen that not only did the Rev.
Francis Gastrell demolish " the new build-
ing," but also that portion of the old building
which existed in the time of Shakespeare.
In fact, according to the evidence of this
impartial traveller, the reverend gentleman
did not leave one stone upon another !
This I did not realize ; I always thought that
.some portions of the old building remained
in situ. RICHARD EDGCUMBE.

Edgbarrow, Crowthorne.

" WROTH." Thus far lexicographers
seem to ignore " wroth " in its substantival
character, just as they do not lend their
sanction to the practice of the lady novelist
-who courageously uses " wrath " as an
adjective. " Her Grace was very wrath "
may not deserve recognition for its literary
quality although, after all, " wrath " as
thus used is not very far off the earlier
adjectival spelling " wraith " but " my
wroath " in ' Merchant of Venice,' II. ix.
78, should not be absolutely ignored. It
perhaps finds its place owing to exigencies
of rime, a consideration which may also
dispose of several corroborative examples
in Hudibras.' In I. i. 900 Butler makes
his hero observe, in deliberate discourse
with Ralpho :

In northern clime a val'rous knight
I)id whilom kill his Bear in fight,
And wound a Fiddler : we have both
Of these the objects of our wroth,
And equal fame and glory from
Th 1 attempt, or victory to come.

Again, in I. ii. 450 Colon and his horse recall
the symmetry and the ineffable grace of the
Oentaur :

One spirit did inform them both,
The self-same vigour, fury, wroth.

In the same canto, 1. 737, the effect on
Hudibras of Talgol's scathing deliverance is
thus described :

At this the knight grew high in wroth,

And lifting hands and eyes up both,

Three times he smote on stomach stout,

From whence, at length, these words broke out.

These repetitions, even if the rime is the
same in every case, added to the Shake-
spearean example, are not without signi-
ficance as to the practice of the seventeenth
century. THOMAS BAYNE.

UNCATALOGUED LONDON RECORDS IN
THE GUILDHALL LIBRARY. Those inter-
ested in the study of London topography
may care to have their attention drawn to
the fact that there are in the library of the
Corporation of London a large number of

old deeds relating to the City parishes to
which no catalogue references exist. They
consist of the major portion of those deeds
which passed out of local custody into the
hands of the City Parochial Foundation as
a consequence of the passing of the City
Parochial Charities Act some years ago,
and which were afterwards transferred to the
Guildhall as being no longer of substantial
value, having lapsed. There are some
hundreds (if not thousands) of the deeds,
relating to every quarter of the City, and
yielding much interesting topographical
information. They date, generally speaking,
from 1560 to 1760, though a few of earlier
and later dates are included. Deeds relat-
ing to the rebuilding of the City after the
Fire are especially numerous. Many of
them of various periods bear interesting
autograph signatures of mayors and alder-
men of renown (these generally appear on
the backs, being included in the witnesses) ;
while some few other celebrities' signatures
also occur.

The deeds appear to have been for some
considerable time in the Guildhall, though
it has not yet been found convenient to
catalogue them. -A full index nominunt et
locorum is, I believe, meditated, but its
compilation is indefinitely postponed for
various cogent reasons. If the committee
could ultimately see their way to printing
a descriptive catalogue on the lines of those
issued by the authorities of the Record
Office, a useful purpose would, in my
humble opinion, be served, as the deeds
cover a period for which no similar index
(as regards any other collection) exists, so
far as I am aware.

WILLIAM McMuRRAY.

" UMPIRE." An early use of the word
" umpire " in its modern sense appears in
William Langland's ' Vision of William
concerning Piers the Plowman' (1332-99).
passus \. 1. 34 :
And named for him a noumpere that no debate

nere ;
For to try this chaffer betwixen them three.

CLIFTON ROBBINS.

" SHADOW-CATCHER " = PHOTOGRAPHER.
Alternative trade terms often baffle in-
quirers, through not being recorded at the
time of their introduction. I notice a firm
of photographers in Bishopsgate Street are
now describing themselves as " Shadow-
catchers." A note of this in ' N. & Q.'
now may perhaps save much speculation
hereafter. G. YARROW BALDOCK.

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL JAS. 20, 1907.

WE must request correspondents desiring in-
formation on family matters of only private interest
to affix their names and addresses to their queries,
in order that answers may be sent to them direct.

" MITIS." Recent English dictionaries
have mitis-green, another name for Scheele's
green, and mitis- casting, a process for in-
creasing the fluidity of molten iron and
steel by the addition of a small quantity of
aluminium. The words Mitisgrun, Mitis-
guss, are used in German, and are explained
by Muret-Sanders as derived from the name
of a Vienna manufacturer. It does not seem
very likely (though of course it is not im-
possible) that the name of the same person
is contained in both these terms, as they
belong to very different branches of tech-
nology, and mitis-green occurs as early as
1839, while mitis-casting is spoken of as a
novelty in 1886. Can any authentic infor-
mation be found respecting the origin of
these terms ? HENRY BRADLEY.

Clarendon Press, Oxford.

" MOKE," A DONKEY. The earliest in-
stance of this word known to me is in May-
hew's ' London Labour and the London
Poor,' 1851. Can any older example be
found ? I have a recollection of having
seen the word (spelt " mouk," and printed
in inverted commas) in a letter or diary
written by a lady at some English seaside
resort, but whether the date was earlier or
later than 1851 I do not remember.

HENRY BRADLEY.
Clarendon Press, Oxford.

" MULATTO." What is the etymology of
this word ? There is no doubt that the word
is derived from the Sp. or Port, mulato, and
that the Eng. spelling is due to the It. form
mulatto. The Port, mulato means one born
of a negro and of a white woman or of a
negress and of a white man ; the word at
first meant a mule. Diez says that the
original meaning of mulato was a young
mule, the suffix -ato having a diminutive
force and expressing youth. Dozy in his
' Glossaire ' (p. 384) says, " Mulato est
proprement un mot portugais, et dans cette
langue il signifie, 1, mulet ; 2, figurement
muldtre." From this it appears to be
certain that mulatto is a derivative of Lat.
mulus, a mule. The only thing that re-

Suires explanation is the Port, suffix -ato.
b is a pity that Diez has not given any
examples of its use as a diminutive. Then,
again, how can the suffix -ato be explained ?

It cannot be from Lat. -atus, as this suffix
becomes -ado in popular words in Portuguese.
The intervocal t points to the loss of a Latin
consonant. The etymology of Diez and
Dozy is therefore not made out quite satis-
factorily.

Hence another explanation has been
attempted. Engelmann derives mulato
from an Arabic word muwallad (see Diez)~
But muwallad does not mean " one of mixed
race." It means properly " adopted," and
in Spain during the reign of the Omaiyades
the Spaniards who had embraced the religion
of Muhammad were so called. This is far
away from the meaning of " mulatto."
Besides this objection, the phonetic diffi-
culties are insuperable. How could mulato
possibly come from muwallad ? How can
a Port, t be derived from an Arabic d ?'
How can one explain the disappearance of
the strongly stressed syllable in the Arabic
word ?

Doubtless ' N.E.D.' will derive " mulatto ' r
from " mule," and will be able to give a
satisfactory account of the difficult Port,
suffix -ato. A. L. MAYHEW.

Oxford.

ROYAL KEPIER SCHOOL, HOTTGHTON-LE-
SPRING. An attempt is being made to
gather as complete a record of the alumni
of the above school as it is now possible to
make. Founded by Bernard Gilpin in 1574,
it was for more than two centuries one of the
principal centres of education in the north
of England. The School Register includes
the names of many eminent men ; for ex-
ample, George Carleton, Bishop of Landaff ;
Hugh Broughton, the Hebraist ; Henry
Airey, Provost of Queen's College, Oxford ;
Ralph Ironside, father of the Bishop of
Bristol, and grandfather of the Bishop of
Hereford of that name ; Robert Surtees,
the historian ; and Robert Henry Allan,,
the antiquary.

Lists of, or notes relative to, scholars prior
to 1860, when the existing Register com-
mences, will be gladly welcomed by either
the head master, Mr. F. L. Gaul, M.A., or
myself. H. R. LEIGHTON.

East Boldon, R.S.O., co. Durham.

SUBSIDY ROLLS. Has any one attempted
to arrive at an intelligible conclusion as.
to the method employed by the assessors
of mediaeval and Tudor subsidies ? How
were the lands valued, and how were goods ?
We are accustomed to regard these taxes
as unjustifiably severe. To me they seem
not only very light, but also levied in a
singularly partial fashion. I will not speak

10 8. VII. JAN. 26, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

of the earlier Edwardian levies, though
much might be said about their eccentricity ;
but I will confine myself to Tudor examples,
because they are more easily checked by
reference to the wills of persons taxed.

When we hear of a tax of 4s. in the pound
on land and 2s. Sd. on goods, we imagine
something approximating to our own heavy
imposts ; but when we find the land esti-
mated at 6d. an acre rental, and the " goods "
at a mere nominal value, which bears no
relation whatever to the actual personalty
of the owner, we are rather inclined to sigh
for the long-lost generosity of the sixtenth-
century assessor. How a man can leave 120Z.
to his two daughters after devising free-
hold estates to each of his sons, together
with cattle, horses, farm implements, armour,
and plate who has paid only on 51. of
" goods," seems inconceivable. But this is
not all. By some inscrutable system these
subsidies seem to be so arranged that
estates which pay their modest quota one
year, frequently escape altogether the next,
so that it is no uncommon thing to find a
man's name on three or four Elizabethan
rolls and absent on the rest ; while at the
end comes an Inquisition post mortem
solemnly declaring his estate at just twice
the value he has been taxed for, and even
then very low according to the charges he
puts on it in his will.

I should be very glad to learn whether my
experience, gathered from a few counties and
localities, is a general one, and whether
any explanation other than the caprice of
friendly assessors can be alleged for it. So
far as lands are concerned, it seems evident
that the " ancient rents " were accepted as
the basis of taxation long after they had
ceased to represent the lettable value of the
property. Is it possible that the sum at
which the goods are valued really means
the estimated interest of a capital equal
personal estate ? This was certainly
t the earlier method of assessment.

A. B.
Victoria, British Columbia.

WYBERTON, LINGS. I shall be glad to
be referred to any papers dealing with the
history of this church, and to any pictures
of interior or exterior. I presume the
fifteenth-century church is still standing.
R. J. WHITWELL.

70, Banbury Road, Oxford.

BISHOP ISLAND, SOUTH PACIFIC. Bishop
is the name of a rocky island in the South
Pacific, south of Macquarie Island. Can
any one give a clue to the naming of this

ViJL\

island ? A brother of my grandfather,
Thomas Bishop or Bishopp, named Joseph
or William or Hugh (both of them ran away
from school in 1796-7 Thomas to Russia,
and his brother to India), is understood in
the family to have given his name to an
island in the Pacific and to have perished
there in missionary work. Both of the
boys are believed to have been the sons of an
officer in the Guards who was sent out to
India to teach gunpowder-making at Fort
St. George (Debrett, 1828, Zouche).

ROBERT MICHELL.
Galenic, Truro.

ROWE'S ' SHAKESPEARE.' I possess N.
Rowe's first edition of Shakespeare : " Lon-
don, Jacob Tonson, 1709," 6 vols., 8vo ;
frontispiece, Shakespeare's bust on pedestal.
The title-page says " adorned with cuts."
The only plates in mine are in vol. vi., viz.,
one plate to each of the six doubtful plays.
Will some one tell me if my copy is short
in plates, and how many there should be ?
The volumes show no sign of any plates
being torn out.

The seventh volume of poems, published
in 1710, I do not possess. If the six plates
to the doubtful plays are all there should be,
my edition is perfect. JOHN TUDOR.

74, Torquay Road, Newton Abbot.

" BOSSING." What is the meaning of
this word in the Cheshire proverb (cited by
Ray, 'North-Country Words' [1674-91],
s.v. ' Osse ') " Ossing comes to bossing " ?

I find the saying in the fifteenth- century
MS. Digby 52, If. 28, in the Bodleian, with
a gloss :

Ossyng comys to bossyng :
Vulgus opinatur quod postmodum verificatur.
But this does not seem to solve the difficulty.

Q. V.

AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED. I
have a reference to " an old ballad " :
Sabina saw, but would not see ;
Sabina heard, but would not hear.
Can some kind soul complete the reference ?
J. K. LAUGHTON.

Who is the author of the following ?

If more is needed to be known,
Our Lord will teach thee that
When thou shalt stand before His throne,

Or sit as Mary sat.

The lines are remembered as having been
once quoted by Archbishop Whately in a
sermon. KOM OMBO.

SIR JOHN GIBSON'S PORTRAIT. Can any
reader of ' N. & Q.' tell of a portrait in

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. vn. JAN. 20, 1907.

existence of Sir John Gibson, Governor of
Portsmouth ? He was knighted by Queen
Anne in 1705, and died in 1717. I have
heard that one was disposed of a few years
ago in the Gibson-Carmichael Sale.

H. G. LONG.
14, Marmion Road, Southsea.

SUSSEX POLL-BOOKS. Gatfield refers to
a " Poll-Book for the Sussex election,
March, 1820. Chichester, 1820, 8vo." This
is not to be found at the British Museum,
la there any library where it can be seen ?
HENRY W. POOK, Col.

121, Hither Green Lane, Lewisham.

LITTLETON'S ' HISTORY OF ISLINGTON.'
I have two parts of what I think is a some-
what scarce publication dealing with this
one-time rural village. It is of royal octavo
size, about 10 J in. by 7 in., each part con-
sisting of 24 pages, in a buff-coloured wrapper.
The first one has printed on the outside
cover :

"Part I. Price One Shilling. The Illustrated
History of Islington. By R. H. Littleton. Con-
taining A Beautifully - Executed Engraving Of
Canonbury Tower. December, 1850. London :
Published, For the Proprietor, By D. Dodson, 10,
Holywell-Street, Strand ; And to be had also of all
respectable booksellers. Printed by B. R. Peake,
Took's Court, Chancery-Lane. A Guarantee is
given for the Completion of the Work."
Pp. 2, 3, and 4 of wrapper are blank, and
pp. 164 of the work itself are taken up with
an "Introduction," unsigned and undated.
P. 5 is headed with a woodcut entitled
"Canonbury Tower 1811," and commences
with " Section I. Antiquities : Canonbury
House and Tower," which leaves off abruptly
in the middle of a sentence on p. 24.

Part II. has the same wording on the
cover (which is also blank as to pp. 2, 3, and
4), except that in the middle, in place of the
announcement as to the view of Canonbury
Tower, it states that it contains " Beauti-
fully-Executed Engravings of Canonbury
House & Old St. Mary's Church; also, a
copy of the Will of Sir Richard Cloudesley,"
and the date " January 31 to February 28,
L851." The first page is of course num-
bered 25, and in the middle of this is a
vignette woodcut view of Canonbury House,
but with no title. P. 28 is headed " Canon-
bury Tavern," and p. 31, " The Old Church
of St. Mary," which has a vignette woodcut
view of it, also with no title. The will of
Sir Richard Cloudesley, or rather an extract
from it, is given in letterpress (not in fac-
simile, as might be supposed from the
wording on the wrapper), and the account
and the part too, ends with p. 48.

Is this the publication referred to by
Tomlins in his ' Perambulation of Islington,'
published in 1858 ? In the " Advertise-
ment " of this he states, after apologizing
for the delay in completing his work (he had
begun by issuing Part I. of his book in 1843,
which, by the way, is distinctly different,
both as to the letterpress and the position
of the woodcuts, from his finished one),
that the delay had been prejudicial to him-
self, since his original information concern-
ing the earlier facts had in the meantime
" been appropriated, without the grace of
acknowledgment by his immediate prede-
cessor." Or did Tomlins refer to Lewis's
little book ' Islington as It Was and as It Is,'
published in 1854 ? Probably, I think,
the latter.

My object, however, is to endeavour to.
ascertain whether . Littleton's ' History '
was ever completed, or whether more than
two parts were published. From the dilatory
dates I have given, perhaps Part III. never
saw the light. Can any reader furnish any
information about this tardy topographer ?
E. E. NEWTON.

7, Achilles Road, West End, N.W.

BIDDING PRAYER.

(10 S. vi. 448 ; vii. 32).

I HAVE been in the habit of hearing
this prayer read before the sermon at St.
Margaret's Church, Westminster (the official
church of the House of Commons), during
the Parliamentary session, since 1861, and
the form there has always been " Let us
pray for," &c. Alterations and additions
have been made by the various rectors,
but the opening has always remained the
same. I think, but am not quite sure, that
once at Oxford I heard the other form,
" Ye shall pray for," &c. ; but as that is
many years ago, I may be wrong in that
respect.

Perhaps it may be of interest to put upon
record in the columns of ' N. & Q.' the prayer
as recited in St. Margaret's Church. It is
as follows :

" Let us pray for Christ's Holy Catholic Church,
especially for that pure and apostolical branch of
it established in these kingdoms ; and herein for
our gracious Sovereign Lord, Edward, by the grace
of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, and of all British dominions beyond
the seas, King, Emperor of India, Defender of the
Faith, in all causes and over all persons within his
dominions supreme ; for our gracious Queen, Alex-

10 s. VIL JAN. 26, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

andra, George, Prince of Wales, and all the Royal
Family ; for the Lords and others of His Majesty's
most honourable Privy Council ; for the Great Coun-
cil of the nation now assembled in Parliament ; for
the nobility, gentry, and commonalty of this land ;
for the magistrates, and others who are in authority,
and herein especially for the Mayor, Aldermen, and
Councillors of the City of Westminster ; that all in
their several stations may labour to advance the
glory of God, and the present and future welfare of
mankind, remembering always that solemn account
which they must one day give before the tribunal
of God. But for the sake of all let us pray for the
clergy, whether bishops, priests, or deacons, espe-
cially for Randall, Lord Archbishop of this pro-
vince, and Arthur Foley, Lord Bishop of this
diocese, that they may shine like lights in the
world, and adorn the doctrines of God our Saviour
in all things.

"And for a due supply of persons qualified to
serve God in Church and State let us implore His
especial blessing on all schools and seminaries of
religions and useful learning, particularly upon our
Universities ; that in these and all other places
more immediately dedicated to God's honour and
service whatsoever tends to the advancement of
true religion and useful learning may for ever
flourish and abound.

" To these our prayers let us add our unfeigned
praises for mercies already received ; for our crea-
tion, preservation, and all the blessings of this life ;
but. above all, for the inestimable love of God our
heavenly Father in the redemption of the world by
our Lord Jesus Christ; for the means of grace
afforded us here, and for the hope of glory here-
after. Finally, let us praise God, for all His
servants departed this life in His faith and fear,
beseeching Him to give us grace so to follow their
good example that, this life ended, we may dwell
with them in life everlasting, through Jesus Christ
our Lord, in whose most perfect form of words we
pray Our Father, which art in heaven," &c.

The additions and alterations are in the
amplification of the King's style and title,
introduced by the present rector, Canon
Hensley Henson, after His Majesty's acces-
sion, when the royal style and titles were
amended. It is a question, however, if
the phrase " Defender of the Faith " ought
not to go before " Emperor of India "
rather than after it. When Westminster
received its most recent charter of incor-
poration, the words " City of " were added
to the paragraph relating to the Mayor,
&c. When the present Dean of Westminster
(Rev. Dr. J. Armitage Robinson) was rector
of St. Margaret's, in the section of the prayer
relating to the Universities he used to invoke
a special blessing upon his own particular
college at Cambridge (Christ's College) ;
but this was never done before, nor has it
been continued by his successor. It may
be mentioned that Canon Robert Eyton,
when he came from Chelsea to Westminster,
tried to abandon the use of this prayer
altogether ; but several members of Parlia-
ment and old members of the congregation

objected to the omission, and after a few
weeks it was resumed, conformably to ancient
custom, and so it remains to the present
time. For my own part, I may say that I
greatly prefer the opening as used in our
church to the one mentioned by the querist,
as it appears to link the clergy and laity in
making the various supplications in the
prayer. W. E. HARLAND-OXLEY.

Westminster.

The 55th Canon of 1603 orders the use
of the Bidding Prayer, and gives the form
of it, which, as H. G. P. correctly surmises,
commences, " Ye shall pray for," &c. ; and
no alteration has ever been allowed by
authority. It is therefore somewhat re-
markable that at such a gathering as the
recent Church Congress the form "Let us
pray for," &c., should have been substituted,
not only because it was irregular, but
further because the latter form would imply
ignorance of its structure and character.
The Bidding Prayer is not in itself a
prayer at all, but is an instruction to the
congregation as to the things for which
they should make their petitions at the
time of public worship. It is further
remarkable, seeing how almost entirely it
has fallen into disuse, that it is the only
form which may lawfully be used before
the sermon. It is drawn up upon the lines
of the pre-Reformation Bidding of the
Bedes (prayers), as the prayer before the
sermon was then termed, and, although
admirable in form and matter, was
originally framed with the intention of
depriving the Puritans of the opportunity,
which they frequently utilized, of making
the prayer before the sermon an occasion
of preaching sedition and disloyalty to
the Church. In those days the preaching
of sermons without any preparatory form
of religious service was very customary, and
the introductory prayer was frequently
made the vehicle for violent attacks upon
the settled order in Church and State. It
was to check these abuses that the Bid-
ding Prayer was drawn up. The Bidding
Prayer is frequently used in parish churches,
especially at such services as the Commemo-
ration of Benefactors ; and only a few
Sundays ago it was so used at my own
parish church, where the preacher recited
it in the proper form. Perhaps preachers
who are unaccustomed to the prayer think,
in using the form " Let us pray for," &c.,
they are conforming more nearly to the
Prayer Book, where the exhortation is
always " Let us pray," especially before
such prayers as^that for the Church Militant,

NOTES AND QUERIES, no s. vn. JAN. 26, 1007.

where the preface is " Let us pray for
the whole state of Christ's Church militam
here in earth," the prayer following being
in many of its features similar in character
to the clauses of the Bidding Prayer.

F. A. RUSSELL.
4, Nelgarde Road, Catford, S.E.

The 55th Canon of the Constitutions anc
Canons Ecclesiastical, 1603, gives the pre
scribed form of the Bidding Prayer, now
seldom used, except in cathedrals. Th
title of Canon 55 is, " The form of a Prayer
to be used by all Preachers before their
Sermons " ; and it commences thus :

"Before all sermons, lectures, and homilies, th_
preachers and ministers shall move the people to
join with them in prayer, in this form, or to this
effect: Ye shall pray for Christ's holy Catholi
Church," &c.

This bidding or exhortation names or refers
to the king, the royal family, the Council,
and all the dignitaries, officers, and authorities
in Church and State ; and also the local
diocesan, capitular, municipal, and edu-
cational officers and institutions, often in a
quaint and old-world phraseology. The
local variations are sanctioned by the words
" to this effect." The canon ends with the
words " always concluding with the Lord's
Prayer," and this direction is invariably
observed. fc W. R. HOLLAND.

ROMAN CATHOLIC PBIESTS BURIED IN
LONDON (10 S. vi. 149, 218, 237). A corre-
spondent very kindly answered my query
in The Catholic Times, and from his reply
I gather the following particulars.

During the eighteenth century and the
earher part of the nineteenth the greater
number of Catholics were buried in the
churchyard of Old St. Pancras. Lysons in
his Environs of London,' vol. iii. p 351
says :

"The church and churchyard of Pancras have
long been noted as a burial-place for such Roman
Catholics as die in London and the vicinity, many
persons of that persuasion have been bur ed at
^diiigton but their numbers are small when
compared with what are buried at Pancras, where
almost every other tomb bears a cross and R IP
.....1 have heard it assigned as a reason for the

preference to Pancras that before the late con

vulsions in France [the French Revolution] Masses

S 6 1 T d A" a Church in the South of France dedl

eated to the same saint for the souls of those

interred at St. Pancras in England."

Soon after the passing of the severe laws

against Roman Catholics in the reign of

izabeth. Catholics began to bury their

dead in St. Pancras ; but of these little or

record remains. The earliest is that of

the Right Rev. Bonaventure Giffard, Bishop
of Madaura and Vicar-Apostolic of the Lon-
don District, 1734. Then follow the Rev.
Robert Grant, President of the Scotch
College, Douai, 29 March, 1784 ; the Right
Rev. Caesar d' Anterroches, Bishop of Condom,
France, 31 Jan., 1793 ; the Right Rev.
Bishop of Coutance, 1798 ; and the Bishop of
St. Pol de Leon, 1800.

At the commencement of the nineteenth
century occur the Bishop of Triguier, 1801 ;
the Rev. Arthur O'Leary, O.S.F.C., the
founder of St. Patrick's, Soho, and friend
of Curran ; Father Nicholas Pisani, 1803 ;
the Bishop of Noyon, 1804 ; the Archbishop
of Narbonne, Dr. Arthur Dillon, 1806 ; and
a large number of priests. Lysons says that
" an average of about thirty of the " French
clergy were buried annually."

In Hammersmith Churchyard : Dr. James
Talbot, Bishop of Birtha and Vicar-Apos-
tolic of the London District. He was the
fourth son of George, Earl of Shrewsbury,
and was the last ecclesiastic to be tried for
saying Mass under the penal laws.

In St. Giles-in-the-Fields a large number
of Catholics were buried, their gravestones
being distinguished by the cross and R.I. P.

In the old church of St. Mary, Horseferry
Road, Westminster, the founder, a French
emigre priest, was buried.

St. George's Cathedral, Southwark, is
the burial-place of the Rev. John Griffiths
(1813), the Rev. John Rudford, the Rev.
John White, and the Rev. Edward McStay ;
and close to them Dr. James Danell, the
second Bishop of Southwark, 1881. Pro-
vost Doyle, who was the founder of the
cathedral, also lies within its walls (1879).

Beneath the church of the Holy Trinity,
Parker's Row, Bermondsey, are interred the
Rev. Peter Butler, the founder, and six
priests.

In the rear of SS. Mary and Michael's
hurch, Commercial Road, is a small
cemetery in which are buried several of the
clergy.

There were also several private burial-
grounds in different parts of London almost
exclusively used by Catholics, but long
since closed. Priests are said also to have
aeen buried in the churchyards of St. James's,
31erkenwell, St. Anne's, Soho, and St.
Greorge's, Hanover Square ; but I have
3een unable to search the registers of these
Churches, so I cannot verify the statement.
FKEDERICK T. HIBGAME.

POST BOXES (10 S. vi. 389, 453, 475).
Early post boxes, several of which remain,

10 s. VIL JAN. 26, loo?.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

were frequently decorated with elaborate
ornaments cornices, garlands of flowers in
high relief, &c. At the cross-roads at Green-
ford Green, near Harrow, is a post box of
this description on the top of which are
painted the points of the compass. I do
not think that this style of decoration is
very common.

Old post boxes are usually taller and
smaller in diameter than the modern variety.
R. L. MOBETON.

D.'s reply at the last reference is dis-
appointing : he denies that the original
"color" of post boxes was scarlet, but he
does not say what " color " they were.

RALPH THOMAS.

BASKISH FOLK-LOBE ABOUT SOULS (10 S.
vi. 507). Can the first words of these
epitaphs, as quoted in their original, and
translated by MR. DODGSON, " Here rest
the souls," &c., not also be understoood in a
metaphoric sense, viz., "Here rest the
persons in their bodily remains " ? Re-
member the Homeric usage of i^v^ou, like
ai^pwTroc., for instance, ^vyat vro/XAat e(9avov,
many souls perished. If Baskish arima is
= Lat. anima, and believed to repose within
the grave (compare the infernal region of
the Hebrew Shgol and Greek Hades, the abode
of departed souls or shades), its meaning may
be further identified with the psyche of the
Pauline Epistles, as the vital principle of
man which is perishable, and distinguished
from the pneuma of the New Testament, or
the regenerated soul, raised to everlasting
life by the Holy Spirit. H. KBEBS.

ISLE OF MAN AND THE COUNTESS or
DEBBY (10 S. vii. 9). In vol. xxvi. of the
Manx Society's Publications (pp. 63-76) is
an extract from Mercurius Politicus, No. 75,
Nov. 6 to 13, 1651 ; and in pp. 77-81 are
extracts from the * Journal of House of
English Commons.' These give contem-
porary details about the surrender of the
Isle of Man to the Parliamentary forces.
See also ' The Land of Home Rule,' by
Spencer Walpole (pp. 144-60) ; and ' A
History of the Isle of Man,' by A. W.
Moore (pp. 265-80). EBNEST B. SAVAGE.

S. Thomas', Douglas.

The actual surrender was made by the
commander of the insular forces, one Capt.
William Christian, against whom treason or
cowardice is alleged by more than one
writer. Others think the act was done with
the secret connivance of the Countess,
which seems doubtful. In either case the

Countess received a letter from her unlucky
husband, James, seventh Earl of Derby,,
written at Chester three days before his
death by court martial, in which he advised
capitulation.

Eight years only after the event this
passage occurs in the * History of the World/
by D. Petavius, 1659, p. 514 :

" Among the places that fell this year [1651] into
the possession of Paliament was the Isle of Man r
for reducing which three Foot Regiments were;
shipped at Chester and Liverpool on the 16th of
Oct., and although they were driven into Beau-
maris by contrary winds on the 18th, yet, sailing
from thence, on the 28th day of the same month
they had assurance of an islander of landing in
Man without any opposition, all being secured for
their reception.'

Christian was placed on trial for a number
of offences, including treason, in September,
1662, and condemned to be shot. Execu-
tion took place on Hango Hill, Castletown,
2 Jan., 1663.

Particulars of the surrender will be found
in the following works, in addition to-
Petavius :

Haining (S.), Hist. Sketch of the Isle of Man,,
1822, p. 44.

Thwaites (W.), Isle of Man, 1863, pp. 50 and 229.

Bullock (H. A.), Hist, of the Isle of Man, 1816,

History of the House of Stanley, Manchester,

CluSoner,' Treatise of the Isle of Man, 1863.
Cummings (J. S.), Hist, of the Isle of Man, 1848.
Manx Society's Publications.
Train, Hist, of the Isle of Man, 1845, 2 vols.

WM. JAGGABD.
Liverpool.

[MR. J. J. HOGG and MR. J. B. WAINEWRIGHT
also thanked for replies.]

"THISTOLOW" (10 S. vi. 469). May
easily be a blundered form of " fistula,"
often called " fistulow " by the unlearned.

J. T. F.

' CANTUS HIBEBNICI ' (10 S. vii. 9).
Three of the four sets of initials about which
MB. McGovEBN inquires occur in the follow-
ing extract from " Anthologia Oxoniensis
decerpsit Gulielmus Linwood, M.A.," Lond.,.
1846, p. xiii :

"G. B., Georgius Butler, M.A., Coll. Exon..
Socius.

"W. B. J., Gulielmus Basil Jones, B.A. e Coll.
Regin.

"R. R. W. L., Radulphus R. Wheeler Lingen,
B.A. Coll. Balliol, Socius."

The other authors given in the list are
the Marquis of Wellesley, Lord Grenville,
John Ernest Bode, Osborne Gordon, the
Hon. William Herbert, William Linwood,
Charles Wordsworth (all Christ Church),

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL JAN. 26, 1907.

George Booth, Roundell Palmer, Goldwin
Smith (all Magdalen Coll.), John Conington
<University Coll.), Henry Holden, James
Gylby Lonsdale, Edwin Palmer, James
Biddell, Edward Walford (all Balliol Coll.).

The only single initials are W. (for Wel-
lesley), G. (for Grenville), and B. (for
Booth).

B H. K. represents Benjaminus Hall
Kennedy, S.T.P., Coll. D. Johannis (see
'Arundines Cami,' sixth edit., 1865).

ROBEBT PlERPOINT.

B. H. K., of ' Arundines Cami,' stands
for Benjaminus Hall Kennedy, S.T.P.,
Scholse Salopiensis Archididascalus. My
copy of ' Sabrinse Corolla ' (fourth edition)
contains but one rendering of Moore by
Kennedy, but includes selections from the
poet's best-known work translated into
Latin by Francis Kewley, John [?] Gylby
Lonsdale, Charles Granville Gepp, Edwin
Hamilton Gifford, Vanden Bempde John-
stone, William George Clark, and George
A. Chichester May.

It is possible the G. B. of MB. MCGOVEBN'S
book may be George Booth, Fellow of
Magdalen, who also contributed several
translations of Moore to the ' Anthologia
Oxoniensis,' which are signed B. to dis-
tinguish them from those of George Butler.

CHAS. GILLMAN.
Church Fields, Salisbury.

SCOTT ILLUSTBATOBS (10 S. vii. 10).

Sir David Wilkie was one of the first, if not
the very first, to illustrate the Waverley
Novels. Information on this head is
to be obtained in Scott's * Journal,'
and in Allan Cunningham's * Life of Sir
David Wilkie.' Some reference is also made
to the subject in the volume on Wilkie in

The Makers of British Art." W. B.

DOBOTHY PASTON OB BEDINGFELD OF
YOBK (10 S. vi. 509). MB. HANSOM'S query
interests me, as Vicar of Osbaldwick. Ac-
cording to my parish register, "Mrs
Dorothy Paston, f ye Nunnery-w"t Mickle-
gate Barre, York, buried Octob r y 1511.
1734." Her will, proved at York same
year, is registered as the will of Mrs. Dorothv
Paston. The registers also record " Eliza-
beth Tasker, Cook at y Nunnery out of
Micklegate Bar, York, bur: 7 10* ; and
Ann Mason, fro' r Nunnery, Mickle-
gate Bar, York, B. 9 1>el 20 th , 1748 "

The first entry seems to point to the name

bong Paston, but the tradition of the convent

sin favour of Bedingfield. Anyhow, the

.burial of the three in this churchyard seems

conclusive against the story of Mother
Mary Ward's remains having been secretly
removed. If this had taken place, it must
have been in the reign of James II. At any
other time it would have been impossible,
and it is most unlikely that the first Superior
of the Bar Convent, who died in York,
would not have known of it, and, if she knew
of it, would have wished to be buried near
an empty grave. The inscription on Mary
Ward's stone is :

To loue the poore

perse ver in the same

Hue dy and Rise with

them was all the ayme
of

Mary Ward who

Hailing lived 60 year 8

and 8 days dyed the

20 of Jan 1645.

Mary Ward was niece to John and Chris-
topher Wright, of Plowland, the conspirators-
W. BALL WBIGHT.

" KING COPIN " : " ST. COPPIN " (10 S.
vii. 29). Copin is the early French dimi-
nutive of Jacob, formed on the same lines
as Colin for Nicholas. That it was once
very common and thoroughly well under-
stood here is clear from the numerous
English surnames derived from it, such as
Coppin, Coppen, Copping, Coppins, Cop-
pens, &c. " St. Coppin " is no doubt
merely a familiar name for St. James.

JAS. PLATT, Jun.

TOWNS UNLUCKY FOB KINGS (10 S. vii.
29). Mr. P. W. P. Carlyon-Britton, F.S.A.,
President of the British Numismatic Society,
in that Society's Journal, First Series, vol. ii.
p. 27, says :

"Mr. W. J. Andrew, F.S.A. (in ' A Numismatic
History of the Reign of Henry I.,' p. 267), has
shown that when the Normans settled in England
they found that the Saxon name of Lincoln was
pronounced Linceul, which meant in their own
tongue ' the shroud of death,' and as Huntingdon
tells us, although he does not give the reason, their
kings refused to visit the city. As this was a
serious loss to the citizens, the name was promptly
changed to Nicol, though it gradually drifted hack
to its old form. Surely it is more than a coinci-
dence that Roger of Wendover should tell us of
Oxford, that in consequence of the legend of
St. Frideswide (which dated from about 727) ' the
kings of England have always been afraid to enter
that city, for it is said to be fatal to them, and they
are unwilling to test the truth of it at their own
peril.' This alone, in the superstitious days of
King Alfred, would be reason enough to induce
him to alter its old name of Ouseford, and thus
break the letter, if not the spirit, of the fatal
tradition. The change to Isisford (Isis=Latin for
Ouse) is therefore reasonable; but within fifty
years it became Oxford."

Henry I.'s palace of Beaumont, where

10 s. vii. JAN. 26, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

Richard I. and, probably, John were born,
lay outside the town walls. Henry III.
defied the tradition by coming to worship
at the shrine of St. Frideswide in 1264
not long before the battle of Lewes. Charles I.
who made Oxford his head-quarters for
four years, cannot be called a fortunate
monarch. A. R. BAYLEY.

Lincoln, where the Royal Show is to be
held this year, was considered to be unlucky
for kings, for we read

The first crowned head that enters Lincoln's walls,
His reigu proves stormy, and his kingdom falls.

This was proved true by Stephen, who was
-captured there in the battle fought on
Candlemas Day, 1141, and detained prisoner
for a time. King John was also a frequent
visitor to Lincoln, and his reign was stormy
indeed. His son, Henry III., was crowned
a second time at Wigford, then a suburb
of Lincoln, but he did not wear his crown
in the city, in which was fought the battle
which drove the French from the kingdom,
by the capture of the Dauphin and defeat
of his followers. The battle was known
as " Lewis " or Lincoln Fair.

J. C. KINGHAM.
City View, Lincoln.

'THE CHRISTMAS BOYS' (10 S. vi. 481 ;
vii. 30). I have before me an acting edition
of ' St. George ' as played in Cornwall,
written by one of the performers early in
the last century. I may say that our Cornish
play seems always associated with Christmas.
My copy gives only the names of the actors,
not of the characters they represented.

" H. Grossman " apparently represented
St. George. He sends his page to France,
where the French prince says George is
" young and of tender years, not fit to come
in his degree, and he will send him three
tennis balls that with them he may learn to
play." The whole scene appears founded
on Shakespeare. Times and seasons are as
mixed in the Cornish play as in all others.
*' H. Grossman," a few minutes after the
tennis-ball scene, starts off
Here am I infernal bold
Took six ships and lead [waylaid ?] the Spaniards'

gold

'Took share of their castles and port below
Made the proud Spaniards look dismal and yellow
But we was not daunted at all
Until there come a ball and took us in the gall
And Quebec fell from our hands.

" The first broadside the French did fire they
killed our Englishmen so free We killed ten
thousand of the French, the rest of them they
runned away. Oh ! as we march to the French
gates with drums and tnimpets so merrily oh ! then
loespoke the old king of France, lo ! he fell on his

bended knee prince Henry I one of his gallant
company. I soon forsook bold London Town, We
went and took the Spanish Crown, The Spanish
Crown we soon then won, And now we have snowed
you all our fun."

The text is corrupt. The hat is taken round
at the close, with an invitation " to sub-
scribe a little part to pay the doctor's fee."

The incidents and phrases constantly
recall those cited by MR. GORDON BROWN,
with variations, of course, as "I will cut
thy doublet full of eyelet holes and make
thy buttons fly." The King of Egypt is
father of St. George.

In a version of ' The Peace Egg ; or,
St. George's Annual Play for the Amusement
of Youth ' ( J. Harkness, Preston, n.d. ),
we have

Here come I, Beelzebub,

And over my shoulder I carry a club.

I think myself a jolly old man, &c.

In our Cornish version :

Here comes I old Beelzebub

Upon my shoulder I carry a club

And in my hand a dripping (pan)

And am not I a handsome good looking old man.

The metre is extraordinary. In the
Quebec passage above it is beyond my
understanding altogether, as is also the
meaning of part of the words. I have
corrected the spelling, which would be
unintelligible to any not acquainted with
the Cornish accent. YGREC.

Let me draw the attention of readers of
' N. & Q.' to Thomas Hardy's ' Return of
the Native,' which was written many years
ago, and the scene of which is laid in Dorset-
shire, a county where many primitive cus-
toms yet linger. In it is a graphic descrip-
tion of the visit of the " mummers " at
Christmas to Mrs. Yeobright's farm-house,
and the frontispiece depicts the scene,
representing them arrayed in their streamers
and ribbons. An aged aborigine, named

Granfer Cantle " has been instructing
them for some time previously as to their
mode of acting, which, as he tells them,
would not have done in his own early days.
But the whole story is well worth perusal.
JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.

Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.

CAMBRIDGE BOOKSELLERS AND PRINTERS
(10 S. vii. 26). I should like to know the
authority from which H. R. gives this list
of Cambridge booksellers. " John Boieden-*,
1502," is not, I suspect, a Cambridge
bookseller (see E. G. Duff's ' Century of
the English Book Trade,' p. 15 ; and
H. R. Plomer's ' Wills of English Printers
and Stationers,' p. 55). I had a copy of

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. vn. JAN. 26, IQOT.

his will some time ago. He died in 1503,
and his will was proved 30 March, 1503.

Peter Breynans, 1504. His will is un-
dated, but is supposed to be about 1504.

John Skarlett, 1502. This date should
be 1551.

John Sought, 1553. Is the name correctly
printed ?

Nicholas Spyryne, 1545. This is Nicholas
Spierinck.

The wills of Breynans, Skarlett, and
Spierinck are printed, with information of
other earlier Cambridge booksellers, in
G. J. Gray's ' Earlier Cambridge Stationers
and Bookbinders and the First Cambridge
Printer,' 1904 ; whilst R. Bowes's ' Bio-
graphical Notes on the University Printers
from the Commencement of Printing in
Cambridge,' 1886, gives particulars of the
printers. Any one working at this subject
should consult these works, and also R.
Bowes's ' Catalogue of Cambridge Books,'
1894. G. J. GRAY.

The Elms, Chesterton, Cambridge.

JOHN NEWBERY' s GRAVE (10 S. vii. 27).
I can inform MR. P. E. NEWBERRY that
the grave of John Newbery, the publisher,
is in the churchyard of the Berkshire village
of Waltham St. Lawrence, his native parish.
Goldsmith's punning epitaph was not placed
on the tombstone. The following is the
inscription on the gravestone :

Here lieth the body of

John Newbery,

Of St. Paul's Churchyard, London, Bookseller
Who died December 22 nd , 1767,

Aged 54 years.

Stay, passenger, and contemplate

Virtues which arose on this spot ;

Urbanity that adorned Society ;

Knowledge that instructed it ;

Sagacity that discerned, and

Skill that introduced,
The most powerful discovery

In the annals of medicine ;

Ihe humble Wisdom that taught

And still teaches moral lessons

To the rising generation.

Lament

lhat a breast inspired with such virtues
Is sunk in dust.

Rejoice

That through Christ
It is immortal.

The reference to the "most powerful dis-
covery in the annals of medicine " is to the

James s Powders " which Newberv placed
upon the market.

N ;f^ e ry's daughter Marv and her hus-
band Michael Power are buried in the same
grave as John Newbery.

An article on Newbery by the present

writer appeared in The Maidenhead Adver-
tiser on '21 November last.

HENRY E. BANNARD.
Littlewick Lodge, nr. Maidenhead, Berks.

According to ' A Bookseller of the Last
Century,' by Charles Welsh, 1885, p. 70,
John Newbery was buried at Waltham
St. Lawrence, near Twyford, Berks, with an
epitaph by the Rev C. Hunter, author of
the life of Christopher Smart.

WM. H. PEET.

In a reprint of an article in The Chemist
and Druggist of 25 July, 1896 a copy of
which Mr. Lionel Newbery, of the firm of
Francis Newbery & Sons, in Charterhouse
Square, kindly gave me on an occasion when
I was making certain inquires about the
history of the firm the year in which John.
Newbery died was 1776, not 1767.

J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.

[Much information about Newbery and James's

B'lls was contributed at 9 S. viii. 11 by MR. EDWARD
ERON-ALLEN, who had then in his possession the
original autograph account-book of F. Newbery as
agent for James's fever powders and pills.]

QUEEN VICTORIA OF SPAIN : NAME-DAY
(10 S. vii. 30). Princess Ena of Battenberg,
the consort of Spain's young king, is now
officially known in that country by the titla
of Queen Victoria. In the Nuevo Mundo
(Madrid, 20 December) a portrait of her is
given in an illustrated article, which supplies
all the information required by HELGA.
We are told that when the princess was
received into the Catholic Church, she chose
as her advocate (abogada), or patron saint,
St. Victoria, Virgin and Martyr, whose feast
is celebrated on 23 December, which is there-
fore the Queen's name-day (fiesta onomdstica),.
and has been duly honoured in her adopted
country. It is the first of her baptismal
names, which are Victoria Eugenie Julia
Ena, by which last she was known before
her marriage. Whilst she must have been
greatly pleased when she was asked to
assume the title of Queen Victoria of Spain,
as she was thereby reminded of her illustrious
grandmother, she was also pleasing the
Spanish nation. It appears that St. Vic-
toria's remains, though she was born in
Italy and there received the crown of martyr-
dom, are in Spain, in the town of Vinaroz,
in the province of Castellon. " How did
this come to pass ? " asks the writer, who
lives in the same place. So long ago as
1782, the then Bishop of Solsona, who was
a native of Vinaroz, through an inter-
mediary, requested Pius VT. to grant him
one of the bodies of the saints in the cata-

10 s. VIL JAN. 26, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

<3ombs, and chose that of St. Victoria, which
lay in the cemetery of Lucina. A stone bore
this inscription : " Vixit victoria annos xviii.
menses x. dies xv. horas x." On 12 March,
1782, the petition was granted, and the
remains were placed in a handsome urn,
together with the vase which had contained
a portion of the martyr's blood. But it
was not until 19 January, 1785, that the
relics were embarked on the Tiber, whence
they were carried to Genoa, and afterwards
to Barcelona, where they arrived on 6 June,
1785, and, a few days later, were deposited
in the church of St., Augustine in the town
of Vinaroz, where they have remained ever
since.

St. Victoria was born of patrician parents
at Tibur, now Tivoli, a few miles from Rome.
She had been promised in marriage to
Eugenius, but, as he was a pagan, she re-
fused to wed him ; whereupon she was
denounced as a Christian, thrown into
prison, and, refusing to adore the goddess
Diana, she was stabbed through the heart
by the executioner. Her death occurred
in the third century of our era, in the time
of the Emperor Decius, one of the cruellest
persecutors of the Christians.

JOHN T. CURRY.

The heading is, I think, incorrect, as
H.M. immediately after her marriage an-
nounced that she wished to be referred to
as Queen Victoria Eugenie. I gather from
HELGA'S query that the banquet took place
on 23 December. On that day in the year
250 St. Victoria of Tivoli, Virgin and Martyr,
suffered death. Her life is told in verse
,by St. Aldhelm.

St. Eugenia of Rome was martyred on
Christmas Day, 258, and she was formerly
commemorated in some French dioceses
instead of St. Anastasia at the second Mass
on that day. Her feast is kept on 30 Decem-
ber at the Church of the Holy Apostles,
Rome, where the greater part of her relics
are preserved. Some of them are said to
have been taken to Spain in the eleventh
century, and others are in France.

Another St. Victoria (of Cordova) is men-
tioned in the Roman ' Martyrology ' under
17 November. JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.

Her Catholic Majesty, when she was con-
ditionally baptized, only took in addition
to her other names that of Mary, in honour
-of Our Lady. The occasion, however, to
which HELGA ref rs, when the Queen gave
a reception in the palace, wa^ the feast of
St. Victoria, Virgin and Martyr, com-
memorated in the ;Roman ' Martyrology ' on

23 December, and was therefore quite
correctly described as her name day.
St. Victoria's relics are venerated in Rome,
according to a MS. in my collection, in the
churches of S. Adriano, S. Ignazio, and Sant'
Andrea at Quirinale.

HARTWELL D. GRISSELL, F.S.A.
Oxford.

The answer to HELGA'S query is very
simple. On 23 December the Church keeps
the feast of St. Victoria, Virgin and Martyr,
by which name the Queen of Spain was
baptized. Hence it is most properly called
her " name " day. It is not her birthday,
or the day on which she was reconciled to
the Catholic Church, as we know that cere-
mony took place in the spring of last year.
ENGLISH CATHOLIC.
[MR. E. S. DODGSON also thanked for reply.]

PENNELL'S ' LIFE OF LELAND ' (10 S. vii.
25). The oath in question is a comparatively
mild version. Teremtette means " he has
created it," and is the second word in the
Hungarian Old Testament. I have seen
the oath twice in print recently : in Glase-
napp's 'Life of Richard Wagner ' (Leip-
zig, 1904-5) and in the maestro's poems
(' Gedichte von Richard Wagner,' Berlin,
1905). It must have been in common use
in Budapest in 1863, or the composer would
not have picked it up. Of course, he knew
as little about its meaning as Leland or Mrs.
Pennell.

A stronger version of the oath is in use
amongst the lowest order of the Magyars
and their fellow-countrymen the Slovacks.
A friend of mine has heard it among the
Tatars in the Caucasus ; and according to
Lexer's ' Mittelhochdeutsches Handwo 'ter-
buch ' (s.v. ' Serten ') it is used in Germany
also. Old Eberhart Windecke, in the fif-
teenth century, complains that when he
reminded Sigismund about a debt he owed
to a Bruges merchant, for which the chro-
nicler had become surety, the emperor
became angry and used the stronger version
of the oath (Dr. Wilhelm Altmann's edition,
Berlin, 1893, p. 81).

The equivalent of the first word of the
Hungarian oath is very frequently used as an
adjective by the lower class of English work-
men. L. L. K.

" PLUMP " IN VOTING (10 S. vi. 148, 212,
276, 377). At the last reference M\JOR
BUTTERWORTH quotes a literary extract
showing the use of the word in 1807. I had
previously sent direct to DR. MURRAY
quotations from the Poll and Squib Book

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL JAN. 26, 1907.

for the Liverpool election of the same year.
But recently I have discovered that the word
plump was used popularly as early as 17ol
in the sense inquired for by DR. MURRAY.
As these latter references, already com-
municated to DR. MURRAY, could not, I
imagine, be utilized in the 'Dictionary,
I venture to ask you to give them shelter
in the friendly covers of ' N. & Q.'

The election of Liverpool of 1761 was
between Sir Wm. Meredith, Bt., Sir Ellis
Cunliffe, Bt., and Charles Pole, Esq. At
this period the pottery trade in Liverpool
was exceedingly vigorous, vast quantities
being exported to the West Indies and
America. According to the Poll Book of
1761, no fewer than 102 potters gave
plumpers to Sir William Meredith.

In the election " literature " of the day
occur these :

The Potter's Sony.

Ye true-hearted fellows, free plumpers and men,
Independent in Britain, how great is your claim, &c.
Regardless of great ones, we live uncontrolled ;
We're potters and plumpers, we are not to be sold,

&c.

But the chief interest to readers of * N. & Q.'
will be found in the following extract from
a pamphlet by Joseph Mayer, F.S.A.,
'History of the Art of Pottery in Liverpool':

" There were made, to commemorate the victory
gained by Sir William, cups called 'Plumper Mugs,'
one of which was given to every burgess who voted

on the winning side It is of the usual white

earthenware, and on the front of it, within a rude
border of ovals, are the words
Sir William

Plumper,

scratched in, and filled in with blue colour, whilst
the clay was soft, and before it was fired."

Thus the word has been transmitted to us
in a material, certainly not perennius . cere,
yet quite of sufficient substance to be handed
down to be reproduced, as the author of the
pamphlet has carefully done, to acquaint
us that in 1761 plumper was in popular use
and popularly understood in the sense
inquired after by DR. MURRAY. J. H. K.

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY CHANCELLOR,
1842 (10 S. vii. 30). Will you allow me
to use your columns to thank the numerous
writers of answers to my query about the
Chancellor of Cambridge in 1842 ? They
have told me exactly what I wanted to know.
W. K. W. CHAFY.

WEST INDIAN MILITARY RECORDS (10 S.
vi. 428, 476 ; vii. 14). I much regret
having overlooked MR. M. J. D. COCKLE'S
reply at the second reference to my query.

I may say that my information was derived'
from a printed document, with blanks filled
n, deposing that

"Edward Stapleton, Esgn., maketh oath that he
had not between the 24th June, 1815, and 25th De-
cember following any other place or employment of
profit, civil or military, under His Majesty, besides-
liis allowance of half-pay as a reduced Ensign in
the llth late West India Regiment," &c.
I must admit that the original document (no-
longer in my possession) from which I made
the preceding extract was much worn and
partly illegible, so possibly MR. COCKLE'S.
suggestion is in accordance with the facts.
Will it help the matter if I mention the family
tradition that the above-named Edward
Stapleton (who died 90 years ago) was in
a regiment of marines ? On retiring from
service, he acquired a considerable fortune
as a merchant in the West Indies, owning
estates in Martinique and Antigua. He
died in the latter island, but I have not
been able to learn whether or not any
memorial was erected. In his will, dated
7 May, 1809, he refers to

" my dear wife, Elizabeth Stapleton, whose maideiv
name was Leak, and who was since the widow ot
John Doyle, of Strawberry, in the Queen's County,.
in the Kingdom of Ireland, and whom I inter-
married in the Island of Martinique, in the West
Indies."

She is said to have been an officer's widow..

A. STAPLETON.
158, Noel Street, Nottingham.

PALIMPSEST BRASS INSCRIPTIONS (10 S..
vii. 27). The words " que fino viernes "
appear to be Castilian, meaning " who died
Friday." Find, in the sense of " deceased,"
" ended life," is common in Spanish epitaphs..
E. S. DODGSON.

" Posui DEUM ADJUTOREM METJM " (10 S.
vii. 29). See Psalm li. 9, Vulg. (Hi. 7, A.V.),
" Ecce homo, qui non posuit Deum adiu-
torem suum." EDWARD BENSLY.

University College, Aberystwyth.

This legend, found upon English silver
coins from 1360 to 1602, is generally con-
sidered to be an adaptation of Psalm liv. 4,.
"Ecce enim Deus adjuvat me," ("Behold,
God is mine helper "). A. K. BAYLEY.

RIMING DEEDS (10 S. vi. 466). May I
point out that the Roger Burgoyne men-
tioned must be a Roger Burgoyne of Whit-
more, North Staffordshire ? I think (writ-
ing from memory) he was constable of John
of Gaunt's manor of Newcastle-under-Lyme,
of which manor Whitmore is a member.
Polton was also a North Staffordshire name.

Any information concerning members of

10 s. VIL JAN. 26, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

the Burgoyne family of Staffordshire during
the Plantagenet era I should be grateful for.
I know the publications of the Stafford
(William Salt) Historical Society.

CHARLES SWYNNERTON.
Meran, Siid-Tirol.

REYNOLDS'S PORTRAITS OF Miss GREVILLE
(10 S. vii. 29). The picture of Miss Frances
Anne Greville and her brother, children of
Fulke Greville, as Hebe and Cupid, is the
property of the Earl of Crewe. Its history
is fully described in Graves and Cronin's
great work on Sir Joshua Reynolds.

W. ROBERTS.

GUEVARA INSCRIPTIONS AT STENIGOT :
" POTIE " WARDEN (10 S. vii. 6)." Potie "
= deputy. A good deal of information
about John Guevara is to be found in vol. ii.
of the ' Calendar of Border Papers.'

JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.

ROMNEY'S ANCESTRY (10 S. vii. 9.) There
are Kirklands in Mid- Cornwall, East and
West Cumberland, West Dumfries, South
Fife, Mid - Lancashire, Mid - Westmorland,
South-East Wigtonshire, and Mid-Dumfries.
See^Sharpe's ' Gazetteer.'

J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &o.

The Plantagenet Roll of the Blood Royal. By the
Marquis of Ruvigny and Raineval. (T. C. & E. C.
Jack.)

CONSPICUOUS progress is made with the important
genealogical task undertaken by the Marquis of
Ruvigny and Raineval of supplying a list of those
now living in whose veins the blood royal can be
traced to Edward III. Three volumes devoted to the
task have now appeared. The first (for which see
10 S. i. 19) supplied a roll of the living descendants
of Edward ly. and Henry VII. of England and
James III. of Scotland; the second (see 10 S. iv.
138), called the Clarence volume, gave the descen-
dants of George, Duke of Clarence (" false, fleeting,
perjured Clarence"); while the third, which now
appears under the title of the Anne of Exeter
volume, gives the descendants of Anne Plantagenet,
Duchess of Exeter, sister of King Edward IV. and
King Richard III., by her second husband, Sir
Thomas St. Leger, K.G. From her first husband,
Henry (Holland), second Duke of Exeter, whose
body was washed up at Dover, she was divorced.
The portraits of Anne of Exeter and her second
husband, the common ancestors of the 25,052 living
(or till very lately living) descendants mentioned
in the volume, are given from the monumental brass
in the Rutland Chapel, Windsor Castle, by way of
frontisjriece.

The pla:i once more observed is that followed in
the Clarence volume and in its predecessor the

Tudor volume. Fifty-nine consecutive tables show
the descent from Edward III. and Philippa of
Hainault to the last century, the descendants of
the persons last named being given in the body
of the work. The second table begins with the
marriages of Lady Anne Plantagenet, Duchess of
Exeter. By the second marriage came the Lady
Anne St. Leger, who, marrying Sir George Manners,
twelfth Lord Ros, became mother of the first Earl
of Rutland, the present male representative of
whom is the eighth Duke of Rutland. Of his pre-
decessor, the seventh Duke, long known as Lord
John Manners, an admirable portrait is presented.
Another portrait is that of Philip, third Lord De
Lisle and Dudley, who (and not the Duke of
Rutland) is the heir of line of the Lady Anne
Plantagenet, Duchess of Exeter. For the first time
since the death of this sister of two English kings,
430 years ago, her blood is united with that of her
brother King Edward's royal descendants in the
grandchildren of his present Majesty, their High-
nesses the Princesses Alexandra and Maud of Great
Britain and Ireland, they being descended from
Edward IV. through their mother, H.R.H. the
Princess Royal, Duchess of Fife, and from Duchess
Anne through their father, the Duke of Fife.

The present volume completes, according to the
Marquis de Ruvigny, the Roll of the descendants
of Richard, Duke of York, whose claim to the
throne led to the Wars of the Roses. Sum-
marizing the volumes already published, we have a
single pedigree containing the names of from twenty
to thirty thousand living descendants of Richard,.
Duke of York, and showing 128,031 separate lines
of descent from him. All the crowned heads of
Europe, with the exception of the Kings of Sweden
and Servia and the Prince of Montenegro, are in-
cluded in the Roll, as well as 371 peers, many of
the higher nobility of European countries, and the
old aristocracy of the Southern States of America..
To these facts the Marquis points with just pride..
A single volume will deal with the descendants
of Isabel Plantagenet, wife of Henry (Bourchier),
Count of Eu and Earl of Essex.

In addition to the portraits already mentioned
the illustrations include those of Richard Plan-
tagenet, third Duke of York ; of Cecily, Duchess of
York ; the tomb of Thomas, first Earl of Rutland ;
Arthur, first Lord Capell, and his family; Lady
Elizabeth Delme, nee Howard ; Mary Bedell, wife
of Sir Thomas Leventhorpe ; Sir Edward Chester,
of Royston ; Catherine, Countess of Dorchester;
the Duke of Fife, K.G. ; H.R.H. the Princess
Royal, Duchess of Fife; and T.H. the Princesses.
Alexandra and Maud.

The Riot at the Great Gate of Trinity College Feb-
ruary, 1610-11. By J. W. Clark, 'M. A., F.S.A.
(Cambridge, Deighton & Bell and Macmillan &
Bowes; London, Bell & Sons.)

THIS is the latest of the " octavo publications " of
the Cambridge Antiquarian Society, which does not
confine itself to local history, as the list of members
and publications we receive at the same time shows.
The membership has now reached 301, as compared
with 274 last year. It is hoped to increase this
total, as " the resources of the society are smaller
than its needs, and can be enlarged in the ordinary
course of things only by an increase in the member-
ship."

There could be no better commendation for the
average man of this academic body than the paper

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. vn. JAN. 26, 1907.

Jov the Registrary, the title of which heads this
notice It represents history, erudition, and enter-
tainment all in one. We have here, in fact, a lively
account of a college "row" between Johns and
Trinity nearly 300 years ago, with the depositions
taken during the punitive proceedings which

TB e <>ccasion of the riot was a play at Christmas
time in the Hall of Trinity, and the pretext the
difficulty of getting into that college and finding
seats. Ill-feeling between the Trinity men and the
Johnians is, however, regarded as the basis of the
affair, two of the latter being especially unpopular.
The " stagekeepers " mentioned are recognized by
Mr Clark as stewards of the performance ; they
carried links to give light on a winter's evening, and
these they used as weapons of offence. Oxley, a

Johnian, complained that "a stagekeeper hnkt

him sore, striking him with the flame of his linke
upon his hand ; and stroke at his face which lighted
.on his breast." He also got a blow over the face
with a club, which "made his face black and blue
divers dayes after." A good deal of stone-throwing
followed, and a self-elected champion of Trinity
went through the long passage (which then con-
tinued the Great Gate) into the street, and holding
.a dagger by the point, shouted out in Homeric
style : " Where be these Johnians ? Is there none
-of the rogues will answer a man? Zounds, I will
throw my dagger amongst them.',' The dagger,
however, seems to have been hidden when the vice-
Chancellor appeared to quell the riot, which broke
out again as soon as he went into Trinity.

The further operations ended in favour of John's,
but cannot be exhibited here, as they depend on
features of the buildings of Trinity not now in ex-
istence. All is, however, made clear in the paper
by a map of 1592. A porter of John's threw down
the battlements of the garden wall at Trinity, for
which feat he was ordered to be put into prison and
then into the stocks.

The interest of this splendid rag is obvious.
Shakespeare himself may have heard of it. The B. A.
of this time is mentioned without his Christian name
with the addition of "Sir," which represents the
Latin "Dominus" still familiar in the abbrevia-
tion " Ds." at Cambridge. This recalls Sir Oliver
Martext in 'As You Like It.' Jane Hall on oath
swore that she heard two scholars say : ' ' Heer
wilbe ould scuffling at this end of the town within
these three or foure nights ; for we heare that ther
ar stones prepared to fling from the towers." This
popular use of "old" is that of a porter in 'Mac-
beth,' II. iii. : "If a man were porter of Hell-gate,
he should have old turning the key."

A careful appendix collects what is known as to
the academic career, profession, &c., of the persons
implicated.

A Text-Book of Fungi. By George Massee. (Duck-
worth & Co.)

Mu. M ASSKK is a recognized authority on his
subject, which he has here treated with admirable
thoroughness, supplying references to various
scattered papers of importance to the expert. The
book is not for the general reader, but for
.students who are concerned with the morpho-
logical, biological, and physiological sides of the
subject. Any one who reads it carefully cannot
fail to be struck with the ingenuity and patience
which modern investigators have brought to bear on
fungi. The author deals, inter alia, with their means

of reproduction, their behaviour under theRontgeri
and Becquerel rays, and interesting phenomena of
parasitism (artificially induced) and luminosity. The
last feature may account for some hitherto un-
explained lights in wild places.

The style of the book is indifferent. We cannot
help regretting the uncouth words which technical
science has produced, and which are enough to
make a cultivated reader stare and gasp. The volume
has abundant illustrations concerning what is now
generally called the "life-history" of representa-
tive fungi, and concludes with a lucid account of
modern classification. The practical side of the
subject is exhibited in an important chapter on
' Legislation and Disease.' The author states that
parasitic fungi are responsible for an annual loss
which exceeds 150,000,000^. The potato blight is
an old enemy of the cultivator ; maize smut is now
common in Europe; and deleterious fungi pre-
viously unknown to this country are being per-
petually imported with seeds. Some of our readers
may recall a recent order issued concerning the
American gooseberry mildew, which has crossed the
Atlantic, being introduced by some mysterious
means to a new field of vigour. We think that it
would be worth while to examine living plants at
the port of entry for conspicuous diseases. Unfor-
tunately, in many cases, e.g., in bulbs, the mycelium
of the fungus is concealed from view.

We must call special attention to the following
notices :

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to the means of disposing of them.

X. Y. Z. ("Snakes in Iceland or Ireland") See
the quotation* at 8 S. i. 183.

W. B. HELMER. Forwarded.

ERRATUM. A nte, p. 47, col. 1, 1. 22 from foot for
" Hervey " read Harvey.

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io s. vii. JAN. 26, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

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THE OLD CORNISH DRAMA.

With Illustrations from Ancient Cornish Sacred Poems
and Miracle Plays of other Lands.

By THURSTAN C. PETER.

The Author's aim in this work (which is an amplification of a
Lecture) is to present a popular view of the old playi of Cornwall, and
to compare them with those of England and elsewhere. He avoids
philological and other learned discussion, and endeavours merely to
draw attention to the old plays as full of human interest, and throwing
light on the habits of thought and belief of the Cornish in the Middle
Ages.

" The little brochure is pleasantly written, and is the result of
much inquiry and research." Pall Mull Gazette.

"The volume, with its maps and plans, is worth perusing, not only
by that universal personage the general reader, but by all those who
have made the history of these old plays a study, whether in Cornwall
or elsewhere." Wr.ftt Briton.

" 'While primarily intended.' we lenrn, ' for the general reader, the
volume is by no means unworthy of being read by scholars, especially
those interested in Corn wall,' and we can endorse the statement."

Evening Standard.

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10 s. vii. FEB. 2, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY :>, 1007.

CONTENTS. No. 162.

NOTES : Westminster Changes, 81 Dodsley's Collection
of Poetry, 8-2 "Llan, "84 Miltoniana George III. and
" What" Habib Ullah Link with Charles I., 87.

QUERIES : " Popjoy " " Portobello " ' Collection of
Thoughts 'Sir Thomas Malory Rev. R. Grant Sted-
combe House Brett Baronet Bible containing Genea-
logy pictures at Teddington, 88 Edinburgh Stage
Quadi and Marcomanni " Stedanese "Lame Dog Poem
Sir Cosmo Gordon Sonnets by A. and F. Tennyson-
Parry and Halley Families, 89 John Custis Lady Hatton
' Lawyers in Love ' Sir John Barnard Adrian Gilbert
Healing Springs, 90.

REPLIES : Public Office=Police Office, 90 Brasses at
the Bodleian Bidding Prayer "The Old Highlander,"
92 The Scots Greys " Eslyngton " " Over fork: fork
over _ " ito " : " Itoland," 93 Elliott : Ponsonby
Boundaries : Tommy - on - the - Bridge, 94 Coleridge's
' Dejection ' Gentlemen's Evening Dress, 95 The Ainsty
of York "The Mahalla " Rotary Bromide Process-
Prof. Walter Baily Andrew Jukes, 96" A penny saved
is two pence got "Anglo-Indian ' Little Jack Horner,' 97 J

NOTES ON BOOKS : Besant's 'Mediaeval London'
'Letters of Literary Men' Sismondi's 'Italian Repub-
lics' Crawford's ' Collectanea.'

Booksellers' Catalogues.
Notices to Correspondents.

WESTMINSTER CHANGES, 1906.

WILLIAM COBBETT found it needful in
his day to speak of London as a " great wen,"
we can hardly think what he would call it
in the present day ; but we may feel assured
that that master of vigorous English would
be at no loss for an expressive phrase to
convey his impression. What would be
his ideas about the changes already made
and those still going on ? Westminster in the
past year saw a good many changes, many
of them, however, merely continuations of
what had been previously begun.

To start with the huge pile of buildings
put up by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners
primarily for their own offices, and for an
investment at the corner of Millbank
Street and Great College Street, it may be
said that outwardly the building is complete,
as is also the greater portion of the internal
fitting. The Commissioners have entered
their new offices, and have consequently let
those which they occupied in Whitehall
Place for so many years, and which of late
they had found terribly cramped. Some of
the other offices are also in use. The first
door in Great College Street is numbered 3
in that thoroughfare (why No. 1 has been
overlooked is not clear), and gives access

to the offices of Mr. W. D. Caroe and Mr. H.
Passmore, the former gentleman being the
architect to the Commissioners, and the
designer of the building in which he now
finds himself luxuriously housed. He, too
has left the neighbourhood of Whitehall^
having vacated his office in Whitehall Yard'
formerly occupied by Mr. Ewan Christian'
a well-known architect of an earlier era!
The next door is numbered 5, and leads to
the offices of Messrs. Glutton, the well-
known surveyors, who also have left White-
hall Place, this arrangement being evidently
for convenience. Round the corner in
Little College Street there are two doors
giving access to offices, No. 1 being occupied
by Messrs. Smiths, Gore & Co., and No. 3
by Messrs. Jennings, White & Foster, com-
missioners for oaths. A portion of the
roadway in Great College Street, and the
whole of that in Little College Street, have
been widened, but are not yet finished. In
Millbank Street matters remain pretty much
as at the close of 1905, except that all the
wharves and other premises on the river-
side are in a more deplorable and dilapidated
condition as time goes on. Two houses
have been demolished, and an addition
erected for the Electric Generating Com-
pany, which seems somewhat peculiar as
all the tenants are virtually under notice to
quit. In Church Street, nearly opposite, lead-
ing from Millbank Street, to the east end of
the church of St. John the Evangelist in
Smith Square, some houses (about four or
five) were at the end of the year being de-
molished. They were of no particular
merit, nearly all let out in tenements, but
one of them had been the residence of several
Westminster curates in the past. With
these houses has been obliterated from the
map of London Horse and Groom Yard,
which at its Church Street end was only a'
thoroughfare for pedestrians ; but at the
other end in Wood Street it was much wider
and contained some stables, warehouses'
&c. I believe that the fiat has been issued
for the demolition of the greater portion of
Tufton Street and the whole of Marsham
Street, in the interest of an exceedingly
large scheme for the reconstitution of this
part of St. John's parish ; but it is difficult
to get any particulars, as the people are
inclined to keep what information they
have to themselves ; at the close of the year,
however, nothing had been done. In Smith
Square, North Street, and Romney Street
there was no change from the previous year,
but the immediate future is full of uncer-
tainty.

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL FEB. 2, 1907.

The landjat the corner of Wood Street
and Tufton Street was acquired at the
beginning of the year by the Society for the
Propagation of the Gospel, as its home in
Delahay Street had been bought by the
Government, it being within the scheme for
housing some important departments. This
house, which at the end of the year just
closed was still in the Society's occupation,
was purchased by the Government for
27,OOOL, but up to that time no steps had been
taken towards the erection of the " suitable
home in which to live, or rather from which
to extend to all parts of the world." It has
also been written that

"no one can accuse the Society, which kept its
205th birthday last year, of having made undue
haste to provide itself with a house, for it has lived
for nearly 205 years, either in no house at all, or at
best (during the last thirty years) in a house which
it purchased, but which was not properly adapted
for this work."

A full description of the old house will be
found in The Mission Field for February,
1906. It is claimed that the site chosen
for its new home will afford ample room
for a building which will enable the work to
be carried on in comfort, unhampered by
lack of space, for many years to come.

At the corner of Tufton Street and Great
College Street is the home of the Society of
St. John the Evangelist. The chapel (of
which the foundation stone was laid by the
Bishop of London on 20 July, 1904) has
been completed, and was consecrated by the
same prelate on 21 July last year. He was
assisted at the ceremony by the Bishop
of Springfield, Illinois. The service was
strictly private, as so many persons wished
to be present that all had to be refused
the building being very small. Next to the
chapel stands the new building, known as
the Parish Institute of St. John's. It was
opened for use in December, but what may
be called its " official " opening has been
delayed, I believe, in order that the Duke
of Westminster may take part in it. The
building may be suitable for the purpose for
which it has been designed, but to most of
the casual observers the massive pillars
will, I fear, give it a heavy appearance.
Such a building has been long wanted, and
Archdeacon Wilberf orce is to be congratulated
on having at last overcome the many diffi-
culties by which its inception was beset.
Its front covers one entrance to the now
obliterated Black Dog Alley.

W. E. HARLAND-OXLEY.

Westminster.

(To le continued.)

DODSLEY'S FAMOUS COLLECTION
OF POETRY.

(See 10 S. vi. 361, 402 ; vii. 3.)

VOL. II., ED. 1766, CONTENTS AND AUTHORS-

Pp. 1-16. The progress of love, iri four eclogues.

16-18. Soliloquy of a beauty in the country.
Written at Eton school.

19-25. Blenheim, written at the \\i\\\. of Oxford
in 1727.

25-30. To the reverend Dr. Ayscough at Oxford,.
Britten from Paris in 1728.

written

31-4. To Mr. Poyntz
the congress of Soissons in 1728. Written at Paris.

34-5. Verses to

D.N.B.'), ambassador at

Writ
under a picture of

be written
Mr. Poyntz.

35-8. Epistle to Mr. Pope from Rome. 1730.

38-41. To my lord [Hervey] in 1730, from

Worcestershire.

41-6. Advice to a lady. 1731.

46-7. Song written in 1732.

Delia was Mary Greville, eldest daughter of
the Hon. Algernon Greville, wife of Shuck-
burgh Boughton, and mother of the eighth
and ninth baronets of the family of Boughton.
She was one of the bedchamber women to
Queen Charlotte, died Cavendish Square,
London, 1 March, 1786 (Gent. Mag., 1786,
pt. i. 267).

47-8. Song written in 1733.

49-50. Damon and Delia, in imitation of Horace
and Lydia, written in 1732.

51-2. Ode in imitation of Pastor Fido, written
abroad in 1729.

52-4. Part of an elegy of Tibullus translated.
1729-30.

55. Song written in 1732.

56. [Lines] Written \at Mr. Pope's house at
Twickenham, which heMiad lent to Mrs. G lie
[Greville] in August, 1735.

57. Epigram.

57. [Lines] to Mr. West at Wickham in 1740.

58-66. Set of poems addressed to Miss Lucy F
[Miss Fortescue, afterwards his wife].

67-78. To the memory of the same lady, a monody.
1747.

Gray (' Letters,' ed. Tovey, i. 172) asks
Wharton :

"Have you seen Lyttelton's Monody 911 his
Wife's death ? there are parts of it too stiff and
poetical ; but others truly tender and elegiac, as
one would wish."

79. Verses, part of an epitaph on the same lady.
All the above are by George, first Lord
Lyttelton ('D.N.B.'). Nichols says that
the poem addressed to Ayscough (above,
pp. 25-30), Lyttelton's tutor at Oxford and
later Dean of Bristol, was by Anne, sister to
Lord Lyttelton, who afterwards married the
Dean. Ayscough d. 16 August, 1763.

80-103. On the abuse of travelling, a canto in
imitation of Spenser.

Gray ('Letters,' ed. Tovey, i. 78), writing
to Richard West, 1740, says :

10 s. VIL FEB. 2, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

"Mr. Walpole and I have frequently wondered
you should never mention a certain imitation of
Spenser published last year by a namesake of yours
with which we are all enraptured and enmarvailed."

105-66. The institution of the order of the Garter,
a dramatic poem.

The last two poems are by Gilbert West
('D.N.B.'). Walpole says that his mother
was by her first marriage Lady Langham,
and by her second marriage the wife of West,
a clergyman. She was the eldest sister of
Richard, Lord Cobham, who was so offended
by her marrying a parson that he settled
his estate on the issue of his second sister,
afterwards Countess Temple.

166-85. Epistle to Viscount Cornbury. By R.
Nugent, afterwards Earl Nugent ('D.N.B.').
185-98. An epistle.
198-205. An epistle to a lady.

Walpole says that Aurelia was

" Mrs. A. Pitt, sister
maid of honour to Quee

" Mrs. A. Pitt, sister of the great Lord Chatham,
aid of honour to Queen Caroline, and privy purse
to Augusta, Princess of Wales. Died in 1781."

She was very clever, but eccentric, and
swore a great deal. " Gentle Anna " was
" Lady Albemarle, Lady Anna Lenox."
The " peerless dame " was the Duchess of
Norfolk, Mary Blount. " Altho' in -
combine " was the " Countess of Cardigan,
afterwards Duchess of Montagu."

205-7. An epistle to Mr. Pope.
207-10. Epistle to Pollio [Lord Chesterfield] from
the Hills of Howth.

S 's shape and R 's face refer to Lady
Fanny Shirley and Sarah Cadogan, Duchess
of Richmond. " To mock the works of
Kent " alludes to the designer of modern
gardening. " Poor with all a H t's store,"
i.e., Sir Gilbert Heathcote ('D.N.B.').

210-12. An ode to Wm. Pultney, Esq. Published
anonymously in 1739.

The opening stanza, " Remote from liberty
and truth," &c., referring to Nugent's educa-
tion as a Roman Catholic, and part of the
seventh, " Though Cato liv'd though Tully
spoke," are proverbial. Gray (' Letters','
i. 184) says, " Mr. Nugent sure did not write
his own ode," and he was suspected of paying
Mallet to write it. Walpole's comment on
the last stanza, which relates to Pulteney
and concludes with " shall tell the patriot's
name," is, " Both the poet and the patriot
turned courtiers."

213-15. Ode to Lord Lonsdale.

215-19. Three odes.

220-28. Ode to mankind address'd to the Prince,
with introduction to the Prince.

228-30. Verses to Camilla.

230-33. To Clarissa.

This piece is stated in Gent. Mag., 1780

3. 122, to be " a disgrace to this collection " ;
it was, however, retained in the 1782 edition,

234. An inscription on the tomb to his father and
ancestors.
234-9. Epigrams.

All the above are by Nugent.

240-50. The danger of writing verse, by William
Whitehead, esq. ('D.N.B.').

' A very good thing " (Shenstone, ' Letters,'
p. 15).

251-3. To the honourable [Charles Townshend r

ane of his friends at Cambridge].

253-7. To Mr. Garrick.

257-8. Nature to Dr. Hoadly, on his comedy of
' The Suspicious Husband.'

259-60. The youth and the philosopher, a fable.

261-3. An ode to a gentleman, on his pitching a
tent in his garden.

263-5. On a message card in verse, sent by a lady.

265-6. The je ne ncai quoy, a song. Also printed
in The Museum, i. 131.

The above are also by Whitehead. Gray
(' Letters,' i. 184) says :

"I like Mr. Whitehead's little poems, I mean
the ode on a tent, the verses to Garrick, and par-
ticularly those to Charles Townshend, better than
anything I had seen before of him."

266-9. Ode on a distant prospect of Eton college,,
by Mr. Gray ('D.N.B.').

270-72. Ode [on the spring].

272-4. Ode on the death of a favourite cat (Horace
Walpole's) drowned in a tub of gold fishes.
The last two are also by Gray. These
pieces were given to Dodsley by Walpole.

274-9. Monody on the death of Queen Caroline,
by Richard West, esq. ('D.N.B.'), son to the
chancellor of Ireland.

It was included in the collection at Walpole's
request. Gray (' Letters,' ed. Tovey, i. 173)
says this piece, " in spite of the subject," is
excellent. Some of the lines in it con-
tained the germs of Gray's own poetry.

280-86. A pipe of tobacco in imitation of six
several authors : I. Gibber. II. Ambrose Philips.
III. Thomson. IV. Young. V. Pope. VI. Swift.
By Isaac Hawkins Browne, but the sugges-
tion of the poem was made by (Chancellor)
John Hoadly, and No. II. was written by
him (Gent. Mag., 1776, p. 165).

287-9. Ode to the hon. C. Y. [Charles Yorkel.

289-91. From C*elia to Chloe.

291-3. On a fit of the gout.

293. Horace, ode xiv. book i., imitated in 1746.
The last four are also by Browne.

294-300. The female right to literature, in a letter
to a young lady from Florence [Miss Pratt, after-
wards Lady Camden]. By Thomas Seward, Canon
of LichfieloM' D.N.B.').

300. On Shakespear's monument at Stratford
upon Avon.

301. Song.

302. Chiswick. The "potent lord" was Richard
Boyle, Earl of Burlington.

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL FEB. 2, 1907.

302-6. The indifferent, from the Italian of Meta
static.
The last four are also by Seward.

306-9. The triumph of indifference, being

"j z n 4-**A KIT on nnlrTin'WTl

same ode

) 1* ^hehejS farewell' to his love ; beim
the same ode, translated by Mr. Roderick.
This was Richard Roderick, Fellow _o
Magdalene College, Cambridge ('D.N.B.')
He was son of Dr. Charles Roderick, Master
of Magdalene College, and was educated on
the foundation at Eton School (Horace
Walpole's notes).
312-18. Three Riddles.
318-20. Horace, bk. iv. ode 13 imitated
321. Sonnet imitated from the Spanish ot Lope
de Vega, 'Menagiana,' torn. iv. p. 176.
The last five pieces are also by Roderick
The Sonnet is reproduced in Nichols's
* Illustrations of Lit.,' i. 18.

322-34. Thirteen Sonnets by Thomas Edward;
[author of ' The Canons of Criticism ' (' D.N.B. )].
These sonnets, with many others, 45 in all,
are to be found in the 1765 edition of that
work. 1. To the Hon. Philip Yorke, the
second line runs " of Hardwicke's titles and
of Kent's estate." 2. To John Clerke. 3.
To Francis Knollys. In 1. 6 the name is
" Harrison's." 4. To Mr. Crusius [probably
the Rev. Lewis Crusius, D.D., who d. 23 May,
1775 (' Annual Reg.,' p. 209)1. 6. To John
Revett. In 1. 13 the place is " Checquers."
7. To Richard Owen Cambridge. 9. To the
memory of Mrs. M. Paice. 10. To Lord
Lyttelton. 11. On the death of Miss I. M.,
i.e., Miss Mason, niece of Edwards. 12. To
Daniel Wray. 13. To the Right Hon. Mr.
Onslow. The two nephews and heirs of
Edwards were Joseph Paice and Nathaniel
Mason (Nichols's ' Lit. Anecdotes,' ii. 199).
The two sonnets of Edwards to Wr&y are
quoted in Nichols's ' Illust. of Lit.,' i. 17.

The second volume of the 1748 edition
contains (pp. 305-30) ' An epistle from
Florence,' ' The Beauties,' and ' The Epilogue
to Tamerlane,' which in the 1766 ed. are in
vol. iii.

The poems addressed to Miss Lucy F
(vol. ii. pp. 58-66 of the 1766 ed.), to the
memory of the same lady (pp. 67-78), epi-
taph on her (p. 79), and the contributions
from * The Indifferent ' (p. 302) to the end
of the volume are not, with the following
exception, in vol. ii. or any other volume of
the 1748 ed. The poem entitled 'The
Triumph of Indifference ' in vol. ii. of the
1766 ed. (pp. 306-9) is in vol. iii. of the 1748
<ed. (pp. 212-15). W. P. COURTNEY.

(To be continued.)

"LLAN": ITS DERIVATION AND
KINDRED.

(See 10 S. vi. 363.)

IT is with the following statement in the
' N.E.D.,' s.v. ' Land,' that I find myself
unable to agree :

"Cognate with Old -Celtic *Ianda, fern. (Irish
land, Ian >i, enclosure; Welsh I fan, enclosure, church ;
Cornish Ian ; Breton lann, heath), whence the
F. lanae, heath, moor. The pre-Teut. *lotxUi- is
not evidenced in the other Aryan langs., but an
ablaut-variant *lendh- appears in Old-Slav, h-ilniu,

heath, desert, and in M. Sw. linda, waste or

fallow land."

It is not with a theoretical Old-Celtic landa,
but with a real Idnon, that Holder in his
' Altcelt. Sprachschatz ' connects the Welsh
llan, thereby bringing the Celtic term into
relationship with Lat. planum and Gk. 7rAa.
According to the ' N.E.D.,' Fr. lande comes
from Bret, lanne ; but the French form
betrays the origin of the final dental, which
is clearly a Teutonic relic of the Visigothic

Eower seated at Toulouse. That power has
)ft hardly any trace in the Spanish language,
although its sway lasted in Spain longer than
it did in the south of France. It would pro-
bably, therefore, be more correct to say that
Fr. lande is an interruption of a chain of
Celtic Ian and lanne names rather than a
mere derivation of Bret, lanne. In some
such way the Irish land is to be accounted
for, even though it should be found " de-
lined " with a dental stem in fairly old
Irish. How easily Celtic Ian forms yield to
Teutonic influence may be seen from the
following example (which has the incidental
advantage of bringing the W. " small
enclosure " idea into line with the Breton
use). Treftan is an old word which had
Become obsolete when Owen Pughe com-
3iled his dictionary. It has now regained
currency through Daniel Owen's tale ' Y
Dreflan,' wherein it is apparently treated as
a diminutive of tref. But that was not the
old meaning, for it was applied to a district
containing a tref. In Mr. Edward Owen's
nvaluable annotated transcript of Bromley's
Survey of the lordship of Kidwelly in 1609
published as an appendix to the Welsh
L.and Commission's Report) I find (p. 21) :

"There is also within the sayd comott [of
Bcennen, wherein is also the Lan referred to in my

revious paper] certayne circuite of Lands called
Striveland, contayninge the parishe of Bettws,
yinge betwene the river of Amon and the Lordship
)f Gower, and bounded and disjoyned from Gower
iy the brooke called Cathan, and a place called
Jler castell [Lle'r Castell=Castle Place] over

nd besyde the chefe rente goinge out of ye lands of
Sir Wa[l]ter Rice, knight, which he hath within
ye same parishe by discente from his ffather "

10 s. vii. FKB. 2, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

Xow Striveland is simply an Anglicized form
of W. Treflan Rhys, i.e., " Rhys's Treflan."
The name has entirely vanished, or at any
rate only appears in the farm-name Pen-
iannau, and that of the little " bede-house "
or '" baptistry " (if either is the origin of
"Bettws") has quite displaced it. Lle'r
Castell, however, still remains, and perhaps
the earlier (Goidhelic) synonym cath (cathair,
mod. Jr. cahir, W. caer) of that name sur-
vives in the stream-name Cathan. In the
O.S. maps similar names in the neighbour-
hood are spelt caeth, " strait," " narrow,"
from captivus ; thus Waunglyncath is given
as Waunglyncaeth (" narrow glen meadow "),
although caeth is never pronounced cdth in
the district, or indeed anywhere else in
Wales, so far as I know. The real form,
however, is evidenced by a farm-name
Cathilas, close by, which can only mean
the cath " of " or " on " the Dulas. The
little glen of Glyncath is now known as
Glynhir or Cwmllwchwr, that river sepa-
rating the farms in question from the Ian
which I described in the previous paper.
Another farm adjoining Waunglyncath was
once one of the two or three " manors "
of the " Comote of Iskennen," namely,
Myddynfych (written " Metheuuigh " in
Bromley's Survey). Mr. Owen has ex-
plained this as Myddfai ; but that place is
far away from Llandybie, whereas Myd-
dynfych is still one of the most important
farms in the parish. Its name, by the way,
is found also written Myddyfnych ; but as it
includes a high round hill called Brynmawr,
I am inclined to think that Mai-ddin-fych
are the components. It is admirably situ-
ated as one of the outposts of the Lan.
Dinbych, in the forms Denbigh and Tenby,
are familiar to every one. On the upper
or north-western side of the same Lan is
Garn-bica, and even a much rarer form of the
second element, Glynpowys. The forms piga,
pugu, pych, " peak," are found elsewhere ;
but for powys we must go from Siluria to
the Central Pyrenees (pic de pouys, &c),
where, too, lanne, with its Latin equivalent
plan, reappears south of the landes. Pouy-
louby and Cathervielle, near Luchon, not to
mention the " eyes " of the Garonne, seem
strangely familiar forms to one born near
Glynpowys, Cathilas, and Llwchwr's "Eye."
I have already mentioned the curious name
Y Pal at Carreg Cennen, which may be
from Lat. palum, but is just as likely to be
akin to the Pyrenean Pales or Pic de Burat,
&c., and Celtic rather than Latin, just as the
Pyrenean coume is. The numerous las
stream-names in Llandybie and its neigh-

bourhood Lash, Dulas, Gwenlais, Maries
remind one irresistibly of the Louzon, Lys r
Lastie, &c., of the Central Pyrenees. But
within a few hours' brisk walk of my Lan
there is a still more interesting stream-name,
for it is unique in Wales.

Mr. Tozer in his ' Lectures on the Geo-
graphy of Greece ' speaks (p. 89) of

"a group of names, Neda and Nedon in Messenia,
and Nestus in Thrace, from a root nad, which does
appear elsewhere in Greek, but is used for a river
in Sanskrit, and signifies to ' roar.'"
Now nad means a " bellowing " in Welsh,,
and the corresponding verb nadu, to bellow
or roar, is also in use ; while Neste is a
generic name for mountain streams in the
Central Pyrenees, with specific applications
in particular localities. It is curious that
even so far back as thirty years ago an
eminent Oxford lecturer should have ignored
not only the Pyrenees, but even Glamorgan-
shire. It is to the river Nedd (pronounced
to rime with "bathe"), in English Neath,
that I refer. A river-name in Welsh is
feminine, and if Nedd had a masculine form
it would be Nudd (pronounced to rime
with "breathe"). That form, too, is
found in Welsh, but it means " thick
white mist," not quite synonymous with
the common word niwl ("fog"). Prof.
Rhys in his ' Celt. Myth.' identifies Nudd
with Lludd, with the Irish Nuada Argetlam
("N. of the Silver Hand"), and with the
Nodens, Nodons, or Nudens, the remains of
whose temple have been found at Lydney,.
" on the western bank of the Severn, in the
territory of the ancient Silures." He ignores
the W. common noun nudd and the Pyrenean
Pic de Nethou, the highest point in the
Pyrenees, and in the immediate neighbour-
hood of the other places mentioned in this
paper. I am aware that the inscription
supposed to attest the existence of the god
dwelling on " 1' antique Olympe du dievt
Nethon," as M. A. Joanne puts it in the first
edition of his excellent ' Itineraire des
Pyrenees,' has been proved not to do so ;
but in the teeth of his own Silurian Nodens,
I quite fail to see how a mistaken reading
on an inscribed stone could have led Mr.
Rhys to disbelieve the godship of the
Pyrenean Nethon. The salient phenomena
of the Pic de Nethou are the violent squalls
of wind and the masses of white mist that
they whirl around it. Everything that I
have read on this subject leads me to the
belief that the Silures migrated from the
Spanish slopes of the Pyrenees in the second
century B.C., travelling along the more
central parts until they reached the com-

NOTES AND QUERIES. no s. VIL FEB. 2, 1007.

modious harbourage at the north-western
extremity of the Peninsula. The river Sil
possibly still retains their name, and these
mountaineers were doubtless piloted to the
opposite shores of Britain by the seafaring
Artabrians, who would tell them that they
must now, owing to the Belgic settlements
of the south-eastern parts of the island,
sail further to the west than previous Penin-
sular emigrants, and so they first touched
land in the Scilly Islands, which still bear
their name, just as, I would suggest, Annette
Head does that of Nethon (or Aneto).

" In a westerly direction the rapid tides surge
and eddy among innumerable rocks, objects pic-
turesque and pleasing to tourists wafted round
them by a summer breeze, but as terrible when
beheld white with foam and cataracts of raging
water from the deck of some luckless vessel driving
towards the land."' Murray's Handbook to Devon
and Cornwall,' p. 475.

I have already instanced the form pych.
The two rocky eminences in Glamorganshire
called Pen Pych and Pen Hydd ("Stag
Head") have caused much controversy
among local antiquaries. I need say no
more about the former, but the latter may
possibly have been Pen Nudd (Nudd's
Head).

While putting these notes together, I have
seen but only by a mere glance, unfor-
tunately an interesting paper in the
ArchcBologia Cambrensis on some prehistoric
hearths found lately in South Wales. Two of
these have been discovered close to Llwchwr's
" Eye," two others on the farm of Gelli-
Shiffor, and one at Garnbica. The first of
these spots is on the north-eastern edge of
my Lan, the second on the southern edge
of it, and the third on the north-western
edge. I venture to submit that they are
" prehistoric " in a qualified sense only _
that they are, in fact, parts (inhabited out-
posts, say) in a complete system of defence
of a Celtic Ian or oppidum, of which we have
a glimpse in Caesar, Tacitus, and Strabo
One detail given by the last-named author
is that they " hut themselves " (/caAvflo-
Troioui/rai) therein, which may refer either
to such structures as have been traced in
the so-called "prehistoric hearths," or to
such earth-pits as Leland says were to be
found at the foot of the " Blake Mountayne,"
- m;ule with Hand large lykea Bowie at theHead'e,
H-id narrow ,n th- Botum, overgrowen in the Swart
with fine Grae, and be scatterd here and there
about the Quarters where the Heade of Kennen
River is that cummythe by Carre Kennen. And
V Fe CyVe a Hunderth Me n sum

I have never seen these pits, but I have

always understood that they were to be
found near the " Trap " pass of what I have
called " my Lan " in this paper. I add,
before passing on, that the river-name
Llwchwr bears, I venture to suggest, that
of the Pyrenean god Lixon (as Luchon does).
Prof. Rhys, in dealing with Nuada
Argetlam, says that he had lost his arm in
a battle. It is a well-known fact that
hundreds of the bravest heroes of pre-
Christian Spain had their right hands cut
off by the Romans. The very name of the
Lusitanian hero Viriathus is found in early
Welsh pedigrees in the parallel form
Gwriad. That name and the exploits of
him who bore it might well have been
carried to their South Walian settlement
by the emigrant Silures, there to give birth
in process of time to the tales of the mythical
Arthur and his Table Round. In that case
Arthur's " twelve great battles " may be
simply an echo of those of Viriathus, and
the real cradle of the Arthurian legends may
have been on the same chivalric ground as
that of Roland and his paladins and that of
the Cid.

One word in conclusion as to my attitude
towards Celtic mythology. I have never
been able to appreciate the " solar myth "
theory or any general formula of that kind.
The Celts in their migrations carried their
beliefs and superstitions with them, but
sometimes perhaps, amid fresh woods and
pastures new, they forgot them. But that
these gods had a way of reclaiming the
lapsed allegiance of their whilom devotees
may be illustrated by a trivial incident that
once happened to myself. One bright
spring morning some years ago I was walking
down Bond Street at a good pace. On
passing a fishmonger's shop, I cast an admir-
ing but casual glance at the salmon and trout
that adorned the tradesman's deftly ar-
ranged slab. Suddenly a subtle whiff
assailed my nostrils, instantaneously in-
vaded the mysterious avenues of memory,
and brought up before my mental eye the
picture of a little boy who had been working
busily for over an hour at diverting the
course of a babbling brook, and who was
tossing out troutlets from the dried-up
pools on to the grassy margin odoriferous
with meadowsweet. I had grassed many
a trout in many different circumstances
since that far-off time, but one may
easily realize that such a vivid re-
minder would have been a very imperative
" call " to a forgetful worshipper from the
long-neglected mountain deity or river
goddess of a long-left early home. Such a

10 s. vii. FEB. 2, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

<c call " as that could only affect, of course,
an actual emigrant, but it might be effective
in rooting an old belief, with its old names,
in the alien soil. J. P. OWEN.

MILTONIANA. It is perhaps worth while
recording certain parallels to, if not actual
sources of, the following passages in Milton.
As far as I know, they have not been noticed
before. ' Paradise Lost,' vi. 238 :

Each on himself relied,
As only in his arm the moment lay
Of victory.

Compare Xenophon, 'Hell,'ii. 4, 16: OVTM ^prj
OTTWS CKacrros Ti? eavTw cnweicrercu T?S

atrtcoraros wv.
' Paradise Lost,' vi. 769 :

And twenty thousand I their number heard
Chariots of God.

The Angel explains that he knew the exact
number of the heavenly host, just as the
messenger explains that he knew the exact
number of the Persian ships at Salamis,

us, ' Persae,' 340 :
7e/)>7 Se, /cat yap ofou, )(iAias /*" 'I", K.T.A.
' Paradise Lost,' xi. 399 :

Mombaza and Quiloa and Melind,
And Sofala, thought Ophir.

While most of the place-names in this
famous catalogue occur in Camoens, three
of the above-quoted occur in one line
(' Lusiads,' i. 54) :

Quiloa, de Mombaca e de .Sofala.
Did Milton know of Camoens's work ?
Camoens does not identify Ophir with
Sofala, but in x. 124 he mentions the belief
(" alguns imaginaram ") that Ophir was
situated in the Golden Chersonese, a place
also mentioned in this pasasge of Milton.

In ' Paradise Regained,' iv. 458, storms
and convulsions of nature are said to be
to the universe

as inconsiderable

And harmless, if not wholesome, as a sneeze
To man's less universe.

The germ of this idea is to be found in
Lucretius, vi. 648 et sqq., where the poet,
after having described various natural dis-
turbances, such as earthquakes, volcanoes,
&c., says :

Numquis enim nostrum miratur, si quis in artus

Accepit calido febrim feryore coortam

Aut alium quern vis morbi per membra dolorem ?

C. W. BRODRIBB.

GEORGE III. AND " WHAT." (See 10 S.
vi. 516.) My grandfather, who was born
in 1764 and died in 1843, lived at Staines
from November, 1799, to April, 1801. One

day when walking near Windsor he saw a
stout elderly gentleman on horseback. As
he rode carelessly, the horse stumbled, and
the rider was on the point of falling, when
my grandfather ran to his assistance, and
helped him to recover his seat. The gentle-
man then said : " Thank you, thank you,
thank you ! Who are you, who are you,
who are you ? " But my grandfather had
barely time to recognize that it was the king
before he rode away, and he heard no more
of it. W. C. B.

HABIB ULLAH : ITS PRONUNCIATION.
In M.A.P. for 19 January there are some
amusing lines commencing as follows :

Hail ! Happy Habib Ullah,
With your friend the cra/.y Mullah
That reverend gent of " cullah,"
That spiritual Peer.

One must not be too critical with humorous
verse, but there are many readers who like
to know the correct pronunciation of any
name figuring prominently in the papers,
so I venture to say that the above gives
quite a wrong idea of the scansion of the
name Habib Ullah. The stress should fall
upon the last syllable of each of its two
elements. Habib rimes with glebe or grebe ;
Ullah rimes with Shah. The meaning of
the name is " Beloved of God."

JAS. PLATT, Jun.

LINK WITH CHARLES I.'s EXECUTION.
I append an extract from The Derby Daily
Telegraph of 17 January, which may be
worthy of record in the always interesting
pages of ' N. & Q.' :

" An interesting Derbyshire ' Link with the past'
is recalled by Mr. J. H. Sharpley, of Hatfield
College, Doncaster, in a letter to The Sheffield Tele-
graph. He says : ' In 1872, when a boy, 'staying at
Hulland Ward, Derbyshire, I called on an old lady,
Elizabeth Durose, then 97, widow of a farmer, who
told me that her grandmother, when a girl, had
known a man a distant relative who had wit-
nessed the execution of Charles I. The old lady
then took out of a corner cupboard an old prayer-
book, bound in black leather, which was, I fancy,
of the time of Queen Anne, for I remember it had a
frontispiece picturing a parson in gown and bands,
and wearing a long wig, saying prayers in a ' three-
decker.' Opening it at the form of service for the
30th January, she showed me a piece of coarse
linen, of the colour of a dead leaf, which she said
was a portion of a handkerchief which had been
dipped in the King's blood, and was given to her
grandmother by the above eye-witness. When it
first passed into her possession it was nearly entire,
but her children had played with it, and this was
all that she had managed to preserve.' "

Hulland Ward is a picturesque vil
five miles from Ashbourne.

MARMADUKE E. BUCKLE.

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. vn. FEB. 2, 1907.

(gumis.

WK must request correspondents desiring in-
formation on family matters of only private interest
to affix their names and addresses to their queries,
in order that answers may be sent to them direct.

" POPJOY." In ' Sport and Travel,' by
G. H. Kingsley (ed. 1900), 472 (dated 1853),
I find " his stream in which he himself was
wont to popjoy in a very aboriginal manner."
And T. Hughes, * Tom Brown,' chap, ii.,
has " After a whole afternoon's popjoying
they caught three or four small coarse fish."
What is this verb popjoy ? Is it school slang
or local dialect ? how is it made up ? and
what does it exactly mean ?

J. A. H. MURRAY.

Oxford.

" PORTOBELLO." What is this game, and
whence the name ? John Howard, ' State
of the Prisons in England and Wales ' (1780),
p. 206, has :

" At my first visit [to the King's Bench Prison]
there was a wine-club and a beer-club ; and one can
scarcely ever enter the walls without seeing parties
at skittles, missisippi, portobeUo, tennis, fives, &c."
Also (ed. 1792) p. 13 :

"Gaming in various forms is very frequent;
cards, dice, skittles, missisippi and portohello,
billiards, fives, tennis, &c."

Information will oblige.

J. A. H. MURRAY.

' COLLECTION OF THOUGHTS,' 1707. This
early collection of poetical quotations is
anonymous. Can any one supply the com-
piler's name ? Its full title is as follows :
" A Collection of the Most Natural and
Sublime Thoughts, viz., Allusions, Similes,
Descriptions, and Characters of Persons
and Tilings, that are in the best English
Poets. London, printed by S. Buckley,
1707," 8vo, 482 pages, followed by ' A Dic-
tionary of Rhymes,' pp. viii, 36.

C. W. S.

SIR THOMAS MALORY. In 1469 Thomas
Glegg, of Gayton, was granted by Ed-
ward IV. a general pardon for all offences
committed by him in siding with the house
of York. The pardon, which is enrolled
on the Recognizance Rolls of Chester (No. 141,
in. 9, 2), is of great length. Towards the end
a proviso is inserted that it shall not extend
to Humphry Nevyle, miles; "Thomas Malarie,
miles ; Robert Marchall, late of Culneham
Oxon, Esq. ; Hugo Mulle, late of London ;
Gervase Clifton ; Wm. Verdon, late of Lon-
don, " skryvener," and various Welshmen- or
to any person by authority of any Parliament

attainted for high treason, &c. ; or to the
Mayor and Company of the Staple of Calais ;
and many others. Is this not Sir Thomas
Malory of ' Morte D'Arthur ' fame ? The
period coincides, and the juxtaposition with
Welshmen is significant. I cannot find,
however, that he was ever concerned with
the Wars of the Roses. R. S.-B.

[Would a knight be described as "miles"? There
were several families of the name of Malory ; see
the ' D.N.B.']

REV. R. GRANT, DIED 1826. Can any
reader of ' N. & Q.' give me information
concerning the Rev. R. Grant ? He was
born in 1744, usher of Westminster School
1764-72, vicar of Blackuourton 1771, Wen-
nington 1772, and Stanstead Mountfichet
1782, where he died in 1826. I should be
glad to know anything concerning either
himself or his descendants. L. E. T.

STED COMBE OR STUDCOMBE HOUSE, NEAR
AXMOUTH. This house figures in the great
Civil War. Who was the original owner of
it ? A. R. BAYLEY.

St. Margaret's, Malvern.

BRETT, BARONET, KILLED 1644. Who was
the above ? A. R. BAYLEY.

BIBLE CONTAINING GENEALOGY. Could
any of your readers tell me of the present
whereabouts of a Bible printed in black-
letter in 1613, containing the genealogy of
the London and Hewit (?) families ? The
Bible was last seen at Honiton, in Devon-
shire, many years ago.

PERCY E. NEWBERRY.

40, Bedford Street, Liverpool.

PICTURES AT TEDDINGTON. In the refer-
ence room of the Carnegie Free Library at
Teddington have been placed eight alle-
gorical life-size paintings which have just
been restored and removed here from the
walls of Elmfield House, one of the oldest
buildings in the parish, where they had
remained unobserved for years. The paint-
ings bear names as follows : Silvia Samai,
Silvia Edifica (?), Silvia Europea, Silvia
^Eritrea, Silvia Agrippina, Silvia Persica,
Silvia Frigia, and Silvia Tiburtina. Can
any one tell to what personages these subjects,
refer ? The name of the painter is not
visible on any of the portraits, but the opinion
expressed by most of the connoisseurs who
have seen them is that they are the work
of a Dutch or Flemish master. By whom
they were placed in Elmfield House is not
known ; but it is believed that they were
there before Herzen, the Russian revolu-

10 s. VIL FEB. 2, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

tionist, took up his residence there many
years ago whilst an exile in England. The
figures are richly draped, and each is
bedecked with jewels in gold ornaments
in one case with the addition of a garland of
flowers on the head, as well as around the
small medallion picture in the corner, repre-
senting the Nativity and other episodes in
the life and death of Christ.

BR. LE WETT.
Teddington.

EDINBURGH STAGE : BLAND : GLOVER.
Wanted genealogical particulars of the
connexion between families of Glover and
Bland. In Dibdin's ' Annals of the Edin-
burgh Stage ' it is stated that John Bland,
of the Theatre Royal, was an ancestor of
William Glover, the painter, whose father
was Edmund Glover, son of the famous
Mrs. Glover, and proprietor of Prince's
Theatre, Glasgow, who died in 1860. John
Bland was of an old Irish race, and before
he took to the stage was a cornet of dragoons,
carried the colours of his corps at Dettingen,
was taken prisoner at Fontenoy, and served
subsequently under Col. (afterwards General)
Honeywood in repressing the Jacobite rising
in 1745. He was for many years treasurer
of the Theatre Royal, Edinburgh. Mrs.
Glover's daughter married a John Bland, an
actor, and both were at the Olympic, with
Madame Vestris, about 1826. John Bland,
the T.R.E. treasurer, died in 1806. The
writer is most anxious to learn all about his
descendants. J. F. FULLER.

Brunswick Chambers, Dublin.

[See the articles on John Bland at 9 S. xii. 207,
277 ; and especially that by MR. W. J. LAWRENCE
at 10 S. iv. 204.]

QUADI AND MARCOMANNI. Gibbon says :
"Marcus Antoninus obliged the vanquished
Quad! and the Marcomanni to supply him with a
large body of troops, which he sent into Britain."
Is anything known as to where these troops
were sent, or is there any account of the
Quadi in later accounts of early Britain ?
Is it known to what part of Spain a large
portion of the tribe went when driven from
the banks of the Danube ? L. D.

[A full list of Gibbon's authorities will be found
in Prof. Bury's edition of the great history.]

" STEDANESE." In the Chertsey Car-
tulary in the Public Record Office is a rental
made 22 Sept., 1444, of lands at Fremley
(If. 28b sqq.). On If. 29 are several instances
of this word, e.g. :

"Ricardus Bristowe [Custumarius] tenet unum
Mesuagium et unani virgatam terre native unam

purpresturam apud Brad more et unum Buticium
pro ingre'ssu habendo in la lyecrof t.

" Ricardus Eyre atte Mershe tenet unum mesua-

gium et unam virgatam terre unum Croftum

vocatum Southecrot'te et Axelane unum Buticium

ibidem Et reddit inde de annuo Redditu cum

certo Tallagio et j Stedanese. x. s. xj. d. q.

"Willelmus at Mershe reddit cum certo

Tallagio et Stedanec[io] ad iiijor terminos usuales
ix. s. viij. d. q."

I shall be glad to know the meaning~[of
the English " stedanese " (Latinized " sted-
anec[ium ?] "). Q. V.

LAME DOG POEM. Can any reader of
' N. & Q.' supply the name of the author and
the remaining verses of this poem ? It
begins :

A long day's journey there lay before ;
I crossed the meadow at breaking morn ;
I saw the road by hill and moor ;
Beyond the hills was my distant bourne.

F. H. SUCKLING.

SIR COSMO GORDON, BYRON BIOGRAPHER.
In 1824 Knight & Lacey published an
octavo pamphlet (80 pp.) entitled " Life
and Genius of Lord Byron, by Sir Cosmo
Gordon." Who was this person ? I can
find no " Sir " Cosmo of the period, either
as knight or baronet. The pamphlet con-
tains many blunders, such as the statement
that Byron was born in Aberdeenshire.

J. M. BULLOCH.
118, Pall Mall, S.W.

SONNETS BY ALFRED AND FREDERICK
TENNYSON. ' Friendship's Offering ' for
1832 (Smith, Elder & Co.) contains two
sonnets (one by Alfred and the other by
Frederick Tennyson) which I do not re-
member to have seen before. The difference
between the styles of the two brothers as
exemplified in these two compositions is
remarkable. Alfred's sonnet, which begins

Me my own Fate to lasting sorrow doometh,
reminds one of the * Ode to Claribel,' and is
dull, pretentious, and insincere. Frederick's
sonnet, on the other hand, addressed to
Nature, is joyous, bird-like, and full of the
zest of life, and winds up

Sure thou art everlasting, and in thee

There is a part of our eternity.
Have these poems been reprinted ?

JOHN HEBB.

PARRY AND HALLEY FAMILIES. The will
of Sybilla Halley, widow of Edmund Halley,
jun., surgeon R.N. (found recently by Mr.
Ralph J. Beevor, of St. Albans), is dated
1 May, 1771 ; proved 13 Nov., 1772 (P.C.C.,
Register Taverner, folio 406) ; and gives
bequests to good friend Catherine Beaumont,

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL FEB. 2, 1907.

wife of John Beaumont, lighterman, of
East Greenwich ; and to the testator's two
granddaughters Sybilla Parry and Sarah
Parry (the latter then under age). This
document proves the (then) existence of
descendants of Dr. E. Halley (1656-1742),
and supports the theory printed at 9 S. xi.
464. Sybilla Halley's will is made as of
East Greenwich, Kent. Can any reader
supply particulars of the Parry descendants,
if any known ? EUGENE F. McPiKE.
1, Park Row, Chicago, U.S.

JOHN CUSTIS. Did the American family
of Custis migrate from Nottinghamshire
or the north part of Lincolnshire, somewhere
in the neighbourhood of Gainsborough ?
I possess a copy of " Lieut. -Colonel J.
Lilburn Tryed and Cast ; or, His Case and
Craft discovered .... Published by Authority.
London, Printed by M. Simmons in Alders-
gate-street, 1653." It contains on a fly-
leaf at the beginning three signatures of a
John Custis, written in a good and clear
hand, which I have no doubt is that of its
first owner. It may not be straying away
from the subject to note that the above-
mentioned work contains references to John
Lilburne's riotous doings in the Isle of
Axholme. The volume belonged to
member of an old yeoman family whose
ancestors may very possibly have taken
part in the Isle of Axholme disturbances.
EDWARD PEACOCK.

Wickentree House, Kirton-in-Lindsey.

LADY HATTON : 'Two GENTLEMEN OF
VERONA.' This play is said to be founded
on B. Yonge's translation of Montemayor's
' Diana.' Yonge was at the Middle Temple,
and dedicated an earlier work to Sir William
Hatton. Can any one inform me whether
the Lady Hatton who was Bacon's cousin,
and whom he wanted to marry was the
widow of this Sir William ? If not, what was
the relationship ? AMBROSE T. PEYTON.

47, Connaught .Street, W.

'LAWYERS IN LOVE.' I should be glad

to hear where I could obtain the book

Lawyers in Love; or, Passages from the

Life of a Chancery Barrister.' The author

is unknown to me. D

SIR JOHN BARNARD'S DESCENDANTS -
Sir John Barnard, Kt., the worthy and

S^J^* L( J rd Mayor of L ndon in 1737-8
(d. 1764), left one son, John (d. c. 1784)
known as a collector of drawings of the old
masters, the sale catalogue of which is in the
British Museum. Was this family further
extended ?

Jane Barnard, the younger of Sir John's
daughters, was married to the Hon. Henry
Temple (d. 1740), and thus was grandmother
of Henry John Temple, third Viscount
Palmerston, the Prime Minister.

W. L. PvUTTON.

ADRIAN GILBERT, of Wilton, Wilts, Esq.
Consistory of Sarum. Inv. and account
3 June, 1628. Was he related to Sir
Humphrey Gilbert ? E. ALD WORTH.

Laverstock Vicarage, Salisbury.

HEALING SPRINGS FLOWING TOWARDS
THE SOUTH. It is a prevalent Welsh super-
stition that every spring with healing pro-
perties must have its outlet towards the
south. See ' By-Gones,' 1893-4, pp. 23,
258. Is this belief known in England,
Scotland, Ireland, and Brittany or other
parts of France ?

The idea that holy wells should be visited
at midsummer, which seems to be an allied

superstition, is widely spread.

I. G.

PUBLIC OFFICE = POLICE OFFICE,

POLICE COURT.

(10 S. vii. 47.)

As DR. MURRAY says, the Act of 1792,
cited by ' The Encyclopaedia Britannica '
in 1838, authorizes the establishment of
" seven several public offices," and nowhere
speaks of them as police offices. As this
statute also refers to " the public office in
Bow Street," it would appear that the in-
tention was to extend the term " public
office," which was already well known in
connexion with the Bow Street Office, to the
new establishments. But this intention
either never took effect or was soon departed
from, as DR. MURRAY shows. I have not
up to the present been able to ascertain
whether there was any statutory authority
for using " police office " instead of " public
office," or whether this was merely popular.
Unfortunately, no general index to the
repealed statutes of this period is published.
At any rate, by 1822 the Legislature recog-
nized the custom, since the 3 Geo. IV. c. 55
speaks of " police offices " and " the public
office in Bow Street." This, it will be noted,
is the same phraseology as that used by the
writer of the article in ' The Encyclopaedia
Britannica ' in 1838. Subsequent Acts
down to 1839 also use these terms ; and to
this latter year I think we can definitely
fix the introduction of " police court," at

10 s. vii. FEB. 2, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

least so far as London is concerned. The
Metropolitan Police Courts Act, 1839
(2 & 3 Viet. c. 71) which, together with the
Metropolitan Police Act of the same year,
reorganized the police and magistracy of
the metropolis enacts in section 1 that

"the several police courts now established under
the names of the public office in Bow Street and
the police offices in the parishes of [enumerating
them] shall be continued."

In the remainder of the Act and in later
Acts " police court " is regularly used.

F. W. READ.

I should like to point out that I gave a
quotation for " police court " at 10 S. vi.
433 from The Liverpool Journal of 1 Feb.,
1834. A. H. ABKLE.

The following reference to statutes may
be useful. No doubt in each case the expres-
sion used in a statute for the first time was in
more or less common use a few years before.
I cannot find any Act establishing the Bow
Street Office, nor can I beat MB. ABKLE' s
date of 1834 for " police court," which DB.
MUBBAY does not seem to have noticed. It
will be seen that " police office " appears
about 1800, " police constables " about
1821, " police magistrates " about 1825, and
" police men " about 1829 ; while " police
court " does not seem to appear in a statute
until 1839. When did " police " itself
appear ?

1792. 32 Geo. III. c. 53 provides for the
establishment of seven " publick offices "
in or near the parishes of St. Margaret, West-
minster ; St. James, Westminster ; St.
James, Clerkenwell ; St. Leonard, Shore-
ditch ; St. Mary, Whitechapel ; St. Paul,
Shadwell ; and St. Margaret's Hill, South-
wark. Henceforth no fees to be taken,
except at them, by any justice. This
proviso was not to extend to "a certain
Publick Office within the Liberty of West-
minster known as The Publick Office in
Bow Street."

1800. 39 & 40 Geo. III. c. 87 established
" the Thames Police Office," a public office
" of the nature of the several offices com-
monly called Police Offices," instituted under
the Act of 1792. Constables are not yet
called policemen, but " Thames Police
Surveyors " were appointed.

1802. 42 Geo. III. c. 76 refers to " the
Thames Police Justices."

1808. 48 Geo. III. c. 140 established the
" Police District of Dublin Metropolis," with
a " Chief Magistrate of the Police " and " a
Head Office of the Police," with six public
offices.

1811. 51 Geo. III. c. 119 refers to "the
Chief Magistrate of the Public Office in
Bow Street " and his officers and " patrole."

1813. 53 Geo. HI. c. 72, whereby a sti-
pendiary magistrate for Manchester and
Salford was appointed, refers to the ad-
ministration of " the police."

1814. 54 Geo. III. c. 131, which appointed
superintending magistrates in Ireland, &c.,
speaks of the insufficiency of " the -ordinary
police."

1821. In 1 & 2 Geo. IV. c. 118 the seven
public offices established in 1792 are so
called in the margin of the Act, but are
called " police offices " in the text. A
police office at St. Marylebone is substituted
for that at Shadwell. The Bow Street
Public Office is still so called. Thames
" police constables " are mentioned.

1824. 5 Geo. IV. c. 102 refers to " con-
stables and peace officers."

1825. 6 Geo. IV. c. 21 mentions in the
margin " police magistrates."

1829. 10 Geo. IV. c. 44 established a
new " police office " for the metropolis, with
a " metropolitan police district," a " police
force," and a " police rate" and " police men"
are now referred to.

10 Geo. IV. c. 45 placed the horse and foot
patrol of the public office at Bow Street
under the new police office.

1836. 6 Will. IV. c. 13 consolidated the
laws of the " constabulary force" in Ireland.

1839. 2 & 3 Viet. c. 47 speaks of magis-
trates sitting at any " police court " in the
Metropolitan Police District. Persons in
custody were to be taken to the nearest
" station house " by the constables whilst
the police courts are shut.

2 & 3 Viet. c. 71 deals with " the several
police courts now established under the names
of the public office in Bow Street and the
police offices " elsewhere. R. S. B.

According to Grant's ' Sketches in London,'
published, as states the B.M. Catalogue, in
1838,

" it is at least a century since the Bow Street Police
Office was originally established for the purpose of
administering justice. Until 1702, however, it was
on a very different footing from what it has been
since. Previous to that time, it was not established
by Act of Parliament, but was simply an office used
by the county magistrates." Pp. 193-4.

In the same year that he died, 1754,
Henry Fielding, the Bow Street magistrate
and novelist, in his ' Journal of a Voyage
to Lisbon,' notes that a predecessor of his
" used to boast that he made one thousand
pounds a year in his office " (Cunningham's
' London,' s.v. Bow Street), so that it was at

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL FEB. 2, 1907.

all events, in that year, still a private office
of the magistrate. Grant says that in 1792

" seven police offices were established by Act of
Parliament in different parts of the metropolis.
To each of these offices three magistrates were
appointed, at a salary, respectively, of 400/. per
annum."

So that it was, no doubt, in 1792 that the
seats of the London magistracy first became
known as public police offices.

The Birmingham " public office " for the
county magistrates was, according to James
A. Sharp's ' Gazetteer,' not established until
1806. See also Black's ' Guide to Warwick-
shire,' 1879, pp. 21-2.

So late as 1857, J. Ewing Ritchie, in his
' Night Side of London,' still speaks of the
Thames police office (p. 11) ; but in the same
little work there is a chapter headed ' The
Police Court ' (p. 200), and on p. 206 it is
said of a prosecutor, " As Phil. Bird is in

COUrt," &C. J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.

Deene, Tooting Bee Road, Streatham, S.W.

The following is to be found in Stark's
' Picture of Edinburgh,' third ed., 1823,
p. 152 :

"The old system of police having been found
insufficient, an application was made to Parliament,
in 180o, tor a police bill for the city. This bill
received the sanction of the Legislature, and was
begun to be acted upon, and a police court opened
in Edinburgh, on the 15th of July, 1805. By this
Statute a Court of Police was established, under
the superintendence of a person with the title of
Judge of Police.

This quotation may perhaps be of use in
reply to the query (10 S. vi. 369) as to when
the name " police court " was first intro-
duced, and whether it was by statute.

W. S.

BRASSES AT THE BODLEIAN (10 S. vii. 42)
The records of the Library and the
memories of its staff afford no evidence that
the rose and the mutilated inscription ever
were m the Bodleian. Mr. Andrews's
unnamed authority (of 1897) is only quoted
as saying that he was able to find the rose
on inquiry at Oxford in 1864. Haines is
>rtainly explicit yet things have been
stated in print to be at the Bodleian which
were all the time in other collections. If we
ever had these two brasses, they were
apparently either stolen or else lent for
>bmg to some antiquary who failed to
return them. In either case the loss would
antedate the twenty-four years or so for
h my own memory serves and my own
esponsibility holds good. They are cer-
tainly not hidden, or out of place, anywhere

in our premises, and I investigated the matter
thoroughly many years ago.

E. W. B. NICHOLSON.
Bodleian Library, Oxford.

BIDDING PRAYER (10 S. vi. 448 ; vii. 32,
70). " Ye shall pray for " is the form which
I used, and have heard used by others.

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PREACHER.

An interesting book on this subject is
' Forms of Bidding Prayer,' Oxford, John
Henry Parker, 1840. The editor, H. O. A C.
(Coxe ?), says, in the preface :

"Much care has been taken to consult such
works as were considered likely to illustrate either
the early or later history of the forms in question ;
such as, on the one hand, are Bingham, Sparrow,
Le Strange, Hilliard, &c. ; on the other, Card.
Bona, Durand, Martene, Ferrerino, Ussher, with
other liturgical writers of authority."

J. DE BERNIERE SMITH.

" THE OLD HIGHLANDER " (10 S. vii. 47).
The following is from The Daily Graphic of
19 January :

" TOTTENHAM COURT ROAD'S OLDEST INHABITANT.
The celebrated statue of the Highlander, which
for over a hundred years has mounted guard over a
tobacconist's shop in Tottenham Court Road, is
not, after all, to leave the thoroughfare which he
has helped to make famous. Wide publicity was
recently given to the fact that the shop beside which
the figure stood was to be demolished and that the
Highlander was therefore for sale. So many offers
were made to the owner of the statue that bidding
ran into quite extraordinary figures. The old Scot's
future is, however, quite decided now, as he has
been secured by Messrs. Catesby and Sons, and will
henceforth be seen at their ' Linoland ' in Totten-
ham Court Road, not many yards from his old
home."

A picture of ' The Old Highlander ' accom-
panies the letterpress. It is a pity that
the figure should be taken to a shop which
deals in furniture and linoleum, not tobacco
and snuff. ROBERT PIERPOINT.

In the High Street of Cheltenham, outside
the shop of Mr. Wright, tobacconist, there
is a wooden figure of a tall Highlander, in
full costume. I do not know how long it
has been there, but I remember it well more
than fifty years ago, when I was a boy at
school, and it looks exactly the same now
as it did then. C. S. J.

Speaking of the tobacconist's sign of a
Highlander, T. O. H. sees the features of a
Lowlander in the fact of these effigies being
clean shaved ; but with the knowledge
that, certainly as late as up to the fifties,
all, high or low, shaved, his assumption
cannot be correct. For pictorial evidence
see portraits of Highlanders in Louis

10 s. VIL FEB. 2, loo?.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

Simond's most entertaining ' Journal of a
Tour in Great Britain,' vol. i., 1817, drawn
and etched by him. A Highlander, Low-
lander, or indeed any but a Jew at the date
these snuff - taking representations were
made, wearing a beard, would be as great
an anomaly as a moustache worn in pow-
dered-wig days. HAROLD MALET, Col.

THE SCOTS GREYS AND GREY HORSES (10
S. vii. 26). I have not seen the article in
The Illustrated London News, and do not
know if mention is made in it of the grey
uniform in which the regiment was clothed,
as appears from official papers dated 1683.

As regards the colour of the horses, I
quote the following from Prof. John Walker's
' Economical History of the Hebrides and
Highlands of Scotland,' Edinburgh, 1808,
vol. ii. p. 154 :

" Near three centuries ago, a breed of grey horses
was established in Clydesdale, by the Hamilton
family. These were long held in great request.
For a long time, no gentleman in the West thought
himself well mounted, but on a grey horse. It was
on the horses of this breed, that the old regimented
corps of cavalry, the Scots Greys, was first
mounted."

w. s.

" ESLYNGTON " : ISLINGTON (10 S. VI.

29). MR. ALECK ABRAHAMS inquires
whether the variant " Eslyngton " occurs
elsewhere than in the ' Diary ' of Henry
Machyn in 1554. I can give him an instance
eighteen years earlier, therefore I do not think
it can be attributed to Machyn's phonetic
rendering only. To the best of my belief,
I have come across it very much earlier,
but am not quite sure. The letter which
was sent from Ralph Broke to Lisle, dated
21 March, 1536, was from " Eslyntoun, nr.
London " (Gairdner's ' Letters and Papers,'
vol. x. p. 206).

JOSEPH COLYER MARRIOTT.
36, Claremorit Road, Highgate.

Thomas E. Tomlins in his ' Perambula-
tion of Islington,' p. 2, refers to Islington as
a vernacular corruption of Yseldon,
" anciently pronounced and written Eysel-
don," and he proceeds to deal with the
derivation. Perhaps this early use of the
initial E will account for the use of it by
Henry Machyn. FRANK PENNY.

" OVER FORK : FORK OVER" (10 S. vi. 449;
vii. 33). " Over fork over " appears to be
used as a motto by various branches of
Cunninghams for instance, Sir Percy Cun-
ynghame, Bt., creation 1702 of Milncraig,
Ayrshire, whose arms are Argent, a shake
fork between three fleurs-de-lis sable, and

supporters : Dexter, a knight holding in
his exterior hand a spear ; Sinister, a
countryman, in his exterior hand a hay-
fork. This family is a younger branch of
the Earls of Glencairn.

See also Dick-Cunningham, Bt., creation
1677 and 1807 ; Cunninghame, Bt., crea-
tion 1672 ; Fairlie-Cuninghame, Bt., creation
1630 ; and the Marquis Conyngham, who,
like the above-mentioned baronets, includes
a shake-fork in his coat of arms and bears
the motto " Over fork over." It is curious
what a number of varieties in spelling there
are of the family surname.

The Cunninghames of Kilmaurs, Scotland,
were founded by Warnebald, who settled
in Cunningham as a vassal under Hugh
Moreville, Constable of Scotland, in the
twelfth century, and assumed the name
of Cunninghame. The chief line of this
ancient race, the Cunninghams, Earls of
Glencairn, became extinct at the decease,
in 1796, of John, fifteenth Earl of Glencairn,
the friend and patron of Robert Burns,
whose beautiful ' Lament ' has added new
lustre to the name of Glencairn.

The heir-generalship of this family is now
vested in the Fergusson baronetcy, creation
1703, of Kilkerran, Ayrshire. The third
baronet claimed in 1796 the Earldom of
Glencairn (created 1488) : the Lords decided
that he had proved himself to be the heir-
general to Alexander, Earl of Glencairn,
who died 1670, but had not proved his
right to the earldom.

My maternal grandfather, the late Col.
Sir John Laurie, R.A., eighth Baronet of
Maxwelton, creation 1685 Nova Scotia, was
considered to have a claim to the earldom ;
and there was a transference of lands in
Dumfriesshire from the Earl of Glencairn
to the grandfather of the first Laurie
baronet in the middle of the sixteenth cen-
tury, which territory to this day has not
been alienated.

Among the derivative branches of Kil-
maurs, I may mention the Cunninghams
of Glengarnock, Caddell, Polmaise, Drumqu-
hassel, Ballindalloch, Aiket, Monkredding,
Caprington, Lainshaw, Auchenharvie, Cun-
ninghamhead, Craigends, Corshill, Carlung,
and Montgrenan, who bore for arms Ar., a
shake - fork sa. Crest, A unicorn's head,
couped ar, maned and horned or. Sup-
porters, two rabbits ppr. Motto, " Over
fork over." F. W. R. GARNETT.

Wellington Club, Grosvenor Place, S. W.

" ITO " : " ITOLAND " (10 S. vi. 461 ; vii.
12). In reply to MR. ABRAHAMS'S criticism,

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL FEB. 2, 1907.

I may say that my " enthusiastic laudation "
of the Territorial Movement has received
extraordinary confirmation within the last
few days, in quarters and in a manner that
must convince the most apathetic of the
soundness of its principles and of the states-
manship of the founder. Mr. Zangwill has
received from a sympathizer the princely
donation of 100,0002., and the great and
noble house of Rothschild has handed to
him 20,0002. for the purpose of setting on
foot one invaluable branch of the great
work, viz., emigration on a basis of self-
dependence. Emigrants will pay their own
passage money to their destinations, but
will receive advice and guidance from Ito
agents on landing. Hitherto, as I pointed
out in my note, everything has been done
for the emigrant, except rinding him : under
those conditions there was an abundant
supply, naturally the least desirable in a
new country. Philanthropy was twice
cursed : it cursed those who gave and those
who received its doles. The age of Schnor-
ring is dead. We mean to raise up a genera-
tion of self-respecting, law-abiding citizens,
making their own laws in their own way,
in any land that will give us power under
charter. It is time the world settled this
miserable Jewish question by giving us what
we want, and what, as men and women,
we are entitled to, viz., the right of working
out the spiritual salvation of our race in
any way that seems best in our own eyes.
That is our idea of Autonomy. I have
been a Territorialist for years.

M. L. R. BRESLAR.

ELLIOTT : PONSONBY, 1661 (10 S. v. 269).
Having some information upon this
Elliott family, I should be glad to hear from
A. C. H. and to send such facts as may be
useful. R. E. E. CHAMBERS.

Pill House, Bishop's Tawton, Barnstaple.

BOUNDARIES AND HUMOROUS INCIDENTS :
TOMMY-ON-THE-BRIDGE (10 S. vii. 30).
On the first day of the year which has just
begun there died here a Newcastle " cha-
racter," known far and wide, even beyond
the confines of this district, as " Tommy-on-
the-Bridge." An ingenious plan with which
he is credited for checkmating the police
might serve to furnish MR. RUDOLPH DE
CORDOVA with an illustration of parish-
boundary humour, though, quite apart from
this, I think his death is worth noting
here, as he had become, if I may so phrase
it, a recognized Newcastle institution-
one of the sights of the city that the curious
stranger must see before his stock of infor-

mation on matters Novocastrian could be
considered complete. Tommy had, indeed,
attained such distinction as obtained for
him the dignity of having his portrait
printed on a post card and sold for twopence.

For the purpose of soliciting alms,
" Tommy-on-the-Bridge " took his stand
every day, and in all sorts of weather, for
well on towards half a century, near the
middle of the Low Bridge, stretching across
the Tyne from Newcastle to Gateshead.
The old stone bridge, removed in 1867, that
preceded the existing structure, had the
line of division between the two towns
indicated by a long narrow pavement stone
running right across the footpath. To
many generations of Tynesiders this was
known as " the Bluestone," and it was here
that Tommy first took up his station. He
was blind, and usually wore a shabby over-
coat reaching almost down to his heels, and
a world too wide for him. His most striking
peculiarity, however, was a continuous
rocking and half-turning motion, caused by
raising first one foot and then the other
slightly from the ground, swaying his head
in the meanwhile in unison with his body,
and lightly but incessantly tapping his
breast with the thumb of one hand. The
latter action was doubtless due to a nervous
affection, but the rocking movement is
said to have been voluntary at first, and the
explanation given of its origin is curious
enough to be worth preserving, though
exactly how much fact and how much fancy
there is in this explanation I have no means
of ascertaining. One thing, however, is
certain. Tommy, when he was off the
bridge, did not lift his feet alternately when
standing, as he was accustomed to do on the
bridge, and this I think we may take as one
piece of evidence in favour of the account
commonly believed in.

The Bluestone, where Tommy-on-the-
Bridge first took his stand in the early
sixties of last century, marked, as has been
said, the boundary line separating the towns
of Newcastle and Gateshead. When he
stood still, Tommy had a foot in each ;
when he rocked and lifted his feet alter-
nately, though the one foot was clearly
enough in Newcastle or Gateshead, as the
case might be, the other foot, being for the
moment off the ground, could not be said
to be in either place. Tommy therefore
claimed, as a logical deduction from these
premises, that as he was in neither place
altogether, it must follow that he could not
be said to be in either place, and was con-
sequently outside the sphere of police inter-

iu s. VIL FEB. 2, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

ierence. The idea was fanciful, and I should
imagine unique ; but, whatever its origin
whether deliberately entered upon or not
the alternating movement, from long con-
tinuance, became automatic when he took
up his position at his accustomed place.

When the old stone bridge above referrec
to was demolished, the historic " blew-stone,'
as it or one like it was termed by Grey
in his ' Chorographia,' as far back as 1649,
found an appropriate resting-place with
the Newcastle Antiquaries. On the new
bridge, however, Tommy took up his wonted
position. In an ordinary way he stood
without speaking, unless a passer-by ad-
dressed him, when he was by no means
slow in retort. But occasionally, when his
takings were very scanty, he lost his temper
and poured out a steady stream of profanity
on a hard-hearted world. This brought
him now and again into the clutches of the
police, who, however, were extremely
indulgent towards the old mendicant, so
long as they could reasonably be indulgent,
and usually gave him the opportunity, by
the slowness of their approach, of seeking
sanctuary at the other side of the boundary,
where their authority ceased.

By the death of Tommy-on-the-Bridge a
familiar figure has passed out of the sight
of Newcastle and Gateshead folks, and Tyne-
siders, to whatever distant corner of the
world they may have wandered, will feel
the poorer for the knowledge that when they
return home and recross the Tyne Bridge
it will be to find that one of the old associa-
tions that linked them with the days of
their youth has vanished for ever.

JOHN OXBERRY.
Gateshead.

After the discovery of the Gunpowder
Plot, Thomas Habington, of Hindlip in the
county of Worcester, a well-known sym-
pathizer with the Catholics, was apprehended
and condemned to death, but, almost at
the last moment, pardoned upon the con-
dition that he should never, during the rest
of his life, leave the county of Worcester.
He was then 46 years old, and lived to be 87,
and during that long period he devoted his
whole time to the accumulation of notes
for a history of Worcestershire, which have
recently been edited by Mr. John Amphlett,
and published by the Worcestershire His-
torical Society. 'When he came to Tarde-
bigge he found that the county boundary
passed through the church in such a way
that the nave only was in Worcestershire,
and therefore, although he " streached his

chayne to the vttermost leangthe," he could
do no more than view the monuments in
the chancel from a distance, for that part
of the church was in Warwickshire.

BENJ. WALKER.
Gravelly Hill, Erdington.
COLERIDGE'S ' DEJECTION ' : A MIS-
PUNCTUATION (10 S. vii. 45). The intrusive
comma is omitted without editorial comment
in the ' Poems of S. T. Coleridge ' which
Messrs. Bell & Ualdy included in their
Elzevir series of 1864. The late Mr. Thomas
Ashe also rejected it in his Aldine Coleridge,
published in two volumes in 1885. He
punctuates thus :

Joy, Lady ! is the spirit and the power,
Which wedding Nature to us gives in dower

A new Earth and new Heaven, c.
In a foot-note he indicates that he has made
the alteration simply from a sense of fitness.
" We have," he says, " removed a confusing
comma : ' Joy, wedding Nature, gives us
in dower a new earth,' &c." This gloss
accords with one of the readings suggested
by MR. SHAWCROSS, but it seems less satis-
factory than his alternative arrangement of
the clause. This, by the placing of commas
after "which" and "us" respectively,
shows that through the agency of Joy a
union is effected between Nature and the
human spirit, and this appears to be the
poet's meaning. THOMAS BAYNE.

GENTLEMEN'S EVENING DRESS (10 S. vii.
48). See chap. iv. of ' Pelham.' Lady
Frances, writing to her son, after recom-
mending the wearing of flannel waistcoats
as " very good for the complexion," observes
"Apropos of the complexion : I did not like the
jlue coat you wore when I last saw you ; you look
>est in black which is a great compliment, for
>eople must be very distinguished in appearance m
)rder to do so."

In the ' Life of Lord Lytton,' his son, the
first Earl, writes :

"One at least of the changes which the book
Pelham ' is referred to here] effected m matters

>f dress has kept its ground to this day till then

oats worn for evening dress were of different
olours, brown, green, or blue, according to the
ancy of the wearer ; and Lord Orford tells me
hat the adoption of the now invariable black dates
rom the publication of ' Pelham.' All the contem-
>oraries of Pelham would appear to have been
simultaneously possessed with the idea that they,
were entitled to take to themselves the great com
pliment paid by Lady Frances to her son. ' Life
vol. ii., p. 195.
' Pelham ' was published in 1827.

Capt. Jesse,* who! met Brummell at Caen
in 1832, describes the Beau as " standing
to his Whig colours to the last " :

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. vn. FEB. 2, 1007.

"His dress on the evening in question consisted
nt a llue coat with a velvet collar, and the consular
button,* a buff waistcoat, black trousers, and boots.
It is difficult to imagine what could have reconciled
him to adopt the two latter innovations upon
r\ ruing costume, unless it were the usual apology
for such degeneracy in modern taste, the altered

proportions of his legs He was averse to strong

contrasts in colours One evening he said, 'My

(K-iir Jessse, 1 am sadly afraid you have been read-
ing " Pelham " : but, excuse me, you look very much
like a magpie. I was dressed in a black coat and
trousers, and white waistcoat, and though I had
never given that gentleman's adventures a second
thought, I considered myself at least a grade aboA-ea
magpie." 'Life of Beau Brummell,' 1854, chap. vii.

The fashion of black must have come in
very slowly ; for from various fashion-plates
in my possession, blue, brown, and dark-
green coats were common in the thirties,
and not entirely unknown in the early
years of the following decade.

R. L. MOBETON.

In the Daily Mail of 14 December, 1900,
was an illustration of men's evening clothes
as they were worn in 1801, showing that the
decorated waistcoat and frilled shirt, such
as it is desired in some quarters to revive
to-day, were then in vogue. I have not
verified the quotation, but in Chambers' s
Journal for May, 1904, the adoption of
black is said to have come about through
a paragraph in Lytton's ' Pelham,' his
second novel, which did not appear until

1827. J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.

THE AINSTY or YOBK (10 S. vi. 462, 511 ;
vii. 36). It seems to me to be rather im-
probable that a large tract of country con-
taining 49,720 acres, and, nowadays,
twenty parishes, should be named after a
track only wide enough for the passage of
one horse or carriage. Was Canon Taylor
utterly wrong in his suggestion that Ainsty
signified, as regarded York, its own pos-
session, its peculiar ? See 8 S. i. 383.

ST. SWITHIN.

"THE MAHALLA" (10 S. vii. 45). MB.
MAYHEW is not quite correct in ascribing to
this the sense of army or army corps. It
is the technical term for a column quartered
on a rebellious city, with the object of
" eating it up," and so reducing it to sub-
mission. Mahalla is a well-known Arabic
word, derived from the verb "to abide,"
and meaning a parish or other division of 'a
city or town. The term is in constant use
m Persia, India, Turkey, and other Moham-
medan countries, and has been taken over

HS ai)pointed British Consul at Caen

as a loan-word by several European lan-
guages. Thus in Greek we have yua^aAas^
a street or quarter ; in Roumanian mahald*
ward, section, suburb ; in Servian and
Croatian maliala, " Vorstadt oder Stadt-
viertel," &c. JAS. PLATT, Jun.

ROTABY BBOMIDE PBOCESS (10 S. v. 346).
I should like to confirm what L. L. K.
says as to the excellence and convenience
of copies made by competent operators in
this process. Perhaps he will be so good
as to let me know the name and address of
a photographer who will do such work in
the Public Record Office.

R. J. WHITWELL.

70, Banbury Road, Oxford.

PBOF. WALTER BAILY'S BOOKS (10 S. vi.
507). The Reference Department of the
City of Birmingham Free Library does not
possess an original copy of Dr. Baily's
pamphlet on the baths at Newnham Regis,,
but about twenty-five years ago there was
added to its collection of Warwickshire
books a carefully written transcript of it.
The copy from which this transcript was
made was dedicated " To the right honor-
able Sr. Frauncis Walsinghm knight princi-
pall secretarye to the quens most excellent
Ma." BENJ. WALKEB.

Gravelly Hill, Erdington.

ANDBEW JUKES (10 S. vii. 48). Mr. Jukes
died at Woolwich, 4 July, 1901, aged 85.
A list of his extremely thoughtful and sug-
gestive works will be found in Crockford's
' Clerical Directory ' for 1899 and 1900.
They begin with a Hulsean prize essay on
the interpretation of prophecy, in 1841,.
and end with ' The Order and Connection
of the Church's Teaching ' (notes on the
Collects, Epistles, and Gospels the least
striking of his works, so far as I know them)^
in 1893. He was B.A. of Trinity College,.
Cambridge, was ordained deacon in 1842,
and never proceeded to priest's orders, but
after holding a curacy at Hull for a short
time lived a studious and retired life.

W. D. MACS AY.

The Rev. Andrew Jukes was admitted to
deacon's orders in 1842, and was licensed to
the curacy of St. John's Church, Hull. My
personal recollections of him are of what
he was after he had become the pastor of an
independent congregation in the town. In
his public ministrations he continued to use-
the prayers of the Church of England, but
his teaching was akin to that of the Ply-
mouth Brethren. The publication, in 1867,.
of his book ' The Second Death and the

10 s. VIL FEB. 2, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

Restitution of All Things ' gave rise to con-
troversy which resulted in the break-up of
the Hull congregation. Mr. Jukes removed
to Highgate, and then obtained permission
from the bishop to officiate in churches in
the diocese of London ; but he received no
permanent appointment in the Church of
England. F. JABBATT.

Andrew Jukes' s ' Letters,' together with
a short biography by Herbert H. Jeaffreson,
appeared in 1903 (Longmans). The Church
Times and Guardian also had notices, I
believe. WM. H. PEET.

[MR. J. B. WAIXEVVRIGHT also thanked for reply.]

" A PENNY SAVED IS TWO PENCE GOT "

(10 S. vii. 48). Like most of these wise old
proverbs, this is probably, in some form or
other, universal. In Germany there are
three forms of it. " A penny saved is a
penny gained " (" Ersparter Pfennig ist so
gut wie erworbene ") ; "A penny saved is
twopence got " (" Ein ersparter Pfennig ist
zweimal verdient ") ; and " Penny is penny's
brother " (" Pfennig ist Pfennigs Bruder ").
In Spanish, " A penny spared is a penny
saved" (" Quien come y dexa, dos veces
pone la mesa"). In Dutch "A penny
spared is better than a florin gained"
(" Een stuiver gespaard is beter dan een
gulden gewonnen "). In Danish, " A penny
in time is as good as a dollar " (" En Skilling
er i Tide saa god som en Daler "). In
French, " Saving is getting " (" Qui epargne,
sagne"). Similarly in German, "Saving
is a greater art than gaining " (" Sparen ist
grosser e kunst als erwerben"). Danish,
'" Money saved is as good as money gained "
(" Den Penge man sparer er saa god som
den man avler"). Italian, "Money is
money's brother " ("II danaro e fratello del
danaro"). But money is no gain when it
" advances meacocks " (" Deniers avancent
les bediers "). English, " Penny and penny
laid up will be many," and " Who will not
keep a penny shall never have many "
he who is prodigal of little can never have
a great deal. J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL.

ANGLO-INDIAN ' LITTLE JACK HOBNEB '
(10 S. vii. 45). As it is many years since
I was stationed in India I feel some hesi-
tancy in criticizing MB. PLATT'S Hindustani.
All the same, I am inclined to think that one
or two of the words are incorrectly given,
though I do not remember having heard the
lines he quotes.

In the last line bulwci should, I fancy, read
bold, the past tense of bolnd ; accha should
certainly be spelt achcha ; and hai, although

possibly it may have been given correctly
to rime with pie in the second line, should
probably be hain, to agree with ham, the
plural of main (I). In India an Englishman
invariably uses the plural form of the per-
sonal pronoun when speaking of himself as
in the verses, and the verb would be in agree-
ment. S. BUTTEBWOBTH.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &o.

Medieval London. Vol. II. Ecclesiastical. By Sir

Walter Besant. (A. & C. Black.)
WHETHER the second volume of Sir Walter Besant's
' Mediaeval London ' completes the work so far as
that epoch is concerned, or whether a third volume
is in contemplation, is a matter on which no definite
information is supplied. So encyclopaedic is the
work, and so ambitious is the scheme when looked
at in its entirety, that the latter contingency may
be regarded as conceivable, in which case there will
be matter for thankfulness on the part of the
reader, who can scarcely have too much of matter
of the class.

The earlier volume (for which see 10 S. v. 339)
dealt with the historical and social aspects of
mediaeval London, its first part being concerned
with sovereigns from Henry II. to Richard III.,
while the second occupied itself with streets, build-
ings, manners, customs, literature, and other social
aspects. Like its predecessor, the present volume
is in two, or rather three, parts, the latest, largest,
and on the whole most important of which can
alone be regarded as ecclesiastical. The govern-
ment of London especially the Commune, the
wards, the factions, and the City companies is
treated of in the opening portion. For this section
of his task Sir Walter has been indebted to the
City records, concerning which he says that "no
city in the world possesses a collection of archives
so ancient and so complete as the collection at the
Guildhall." Many of the most important of these
are, under the competent charge of Dr. Sharpe,
being rendered accessible by the Corporation. In
the initial portion of his volume the author benefits
largely by the labours of Mr. J. H. Round and
Bishop Stubbs, and by the invaluable publications
of Dr. Sharpe. The facts stand out that a com-
mune was granted to London in 1191, and that two
years later the Mayor of London first appears. On
the influence of these institutions Sir Walter waxes
eloquent, saying that they made the future develop-
ment of London possible and natural, and adding
that " a long succession of the wisest and most
benevolent kings would never have done for London
what London was thus enabled to do for herself."
In 1215 the citizens obtained from King John the
right to elect their own Mayor. " King Richard
took no hostile proceedings against the Mayoralty.
He never recognized it ; but he never tried to
abolish it."

At p. 127 the ecclesiasticalportion of the volume
begins with a chapter on ' The Religious Life.' A
singularly edifying chapter this is. It opens thus :
"If churches and religious houses make up religion,
then London of the thirteenth and fourteenth een-

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL FEB. 2, 1907.

turies surely attained the highest point ever reached
n relSon. The Church was everywhere." As
rnVht 1>e nferred from the perusal of Chaucer,
t Tu7i e was no street but by the sight of a spire or a
will reminded the citizen that the Church was with
him always to rule his life. At her bidding the
whole nation, from the king downwards, renounced
meat for a fourth part of the whole year-a fact
which as is said, "alone marks the enormous power
of the Church." In the fourteenth century, when
the population of London was not more than
V>0 000 there were in London 126 parish churches.
Sir Walter estimates roughly that with the parish
churches and their property a full quarter of the
city was occupied by the religious houses and the
places they owned, and he opines that what the hoy
Whittington heard at Highgate was not the chime
of Bow Church alone it was the sound of the hells
of all the churches and all the convents of London

These extracts often in the very words of the
book show how bright, animated, and picturesque
is a book which is monumental in its scope.
We have testified before, and will do so again, to
the transcendent merits of a work which during its
progress was its author's delight, and on its com-
pletion will constitute his monument. The illustra-
tions are once more a highly admirable and striking
feature. Those to the opening portion are chosen
with much taste, and are drawn frequently from
recondite sources.

Letter* of Literary Men. Vol. I. Sir Thomas More
to Robert Burn*. Vol. II. Nineteenth Century.
Arranged and edited by F. A. Mumby. (Rout-
ledge & Sons.)

Ix two volumes belonging to the valuable and
attractive " London Library" we have here a repre-
sentative collection of the best English letters,
linking the period of Sir Thomas More and that of
Tennyson and Ruskin. We say designedly "the
best, though in the case of the contents of the
first volume it is hard to say which of Walpole,
<;ray. and Cowpe*vis. best. The first letter in this
volume is a touching epistle to his daughter
Margaret Roper, written with a coal by Sir
Thomas More when a prisoner in the Tower. Very
early come two letters from John Lyly the Euphuist,
from the recently published edition of his plays by
Mr. R. Warwick Bond. Spenser, Ascham, Raleigh,
Sidney, Bacon, Beaumont, Jonson, Donne, are all
included in the first section. In the second the
age of Milton and Dryden appear, among others,
Suckling, Walton, the Duchess of Newcastle,
Cowley, and Congreve. The third section com-
prises such known letter - writers as Swift, Pope,
Lord Chesterfield, Gray, Walpole. Johnson, and
( Joldsmith : and the fourth, Burke, Gibbon,
Sheridan, Cowper, and Burns.

Vol. ii. begins with Fanny Burney and her con-
fidence-, concerning "Daddy" Crisp, and, after deal-
ing with Blake, Scott, Wordsworth, and Coleridge,
readies Lamb, the most delightful of letter- writers.
By ron heads a part including the correspondence
oi Moore, Shelley, Keats, Hazlitt, Hunt, Landor,
and Beddoes. The Early Victorian Age begins with
Macaulay, and passes through Thackeray and the
Brownings to Dickens, Hood, and Carlyle. As the
selection is confined to those no longer living,
the last part is 'The Age of Tennyson,' and in-
cludes Kinsley, Matthew Arnold, Rossetti, James
Thomson, ft. L. Stevenson, and John Ruskin. The

selection is on the whole well made, the idea of
the work is happy, and the volumes may be opened
at any point with the certainty of gratification.

Hixtwy of the Italian RepiiMics in the Middle Ages.
By J. C. L. Sismondi. Recast and supplemented
by William Boulting. (Routledge & Sons. )
IN favour of the series to which this volume be-
longs, and its claims upon the serious student and
booklover, we have already spoken. Our commenda-
tions are once more merited and bestowed. There
is a class of worker to whom Sismondi's ' Italian
Republics' constitutes an inestimable treasure.
Here for a crown is the whole of a great history,
never, so far as we are aware, at anything like
so reasonable or satisfactory a price rendered
accessible to the English reader. Its substance is
moreover recast in the light of subsequent know-
ledge, and is in some respects corrected, and in
others brought up to date. Close study, such as
the book in its present state demands, is not within
general reach, and we ourselves, looking at the
temptations the work puts forward, can but sigh
for the leisure, which we know resignedly can never
more be ours, to master and assimilate all its varied
information. Youth is the time in which one reads
and stores up knowledge. We can, then, but con-
gratulate the fortunate youth in whom the love of
learning burns on the fact that he has within his
reach a work, at a nominal price, the full deglu-
tition and enjoyment of which may furnish him
with sustenance and pastime for the rest of the
winter. Books such as the present are those pre-
cisely which the hardworking student lacks. The
production of such is a boon to the scholar.

Collectanea. First Series. By Charles Crawford.

(Stratford-ori-Avon, Shakespeare Head Press.)
WE have here, with a dedication to Prof. Dowden,
who is well aware of the value of the contents, a
volume of singular interest to Shakespearian
students generally, and to readers of 'N. Q.' in
particular. This volume to be followed, it is to-
be hoped, by many others consists of the investi-
gations into the early drama of Mr. Charles Craw-
ford. Of its contents with the exception of a
single article on ' Arden of Feversham,' which
appeared in the ' Jarhbuch der Deutschen Shake-
speare-Gesellschaft,' 1903 all first saw the light in
N. & Q.,' wherein they have already attracted the
attention of our readers. As a proof of how much
can be accomplished by the aid of parallels judi-
ciously selected, they occupy a unique position in
literature. By Mr. Crawford's aid the cruces of
the Tudor drama are being solved, and light is cast
upon the darkest of its mysteries. The four papers
reprinted from our columns are those on (1) Richard
Barnfield, Marlowe, and Shakespeare ; (2) Ben
Jonson's method of composing verse ; (3) John
Webster and Sir Philip Sidney; and (i) Edmund
Spenser, ' Selimus,' and ' Locrine.' Quite irrefut-
able are the conclusions of these separate essays,
and their interest is enormous, absorbing. As
revelations they are wonderful ; and the only ques-
tion concerning them is, Whither do they tend ?
In no other literature, surely, can similar resem-
blances and obligations be traced. It is naturally
impossible for us to quote afresh in our columns
what first appeared therein. We can only con-
gratulate ourselves upon being the earliest to intro-
duce to the public matter so valuable and so
significant.

10 s. VIL FEB. 2, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES.
MR. THOMAS BAKER sends us his Catalogue 503.
It is largely devoted to old and modern English and
Foreign Theological Works. We note a complete
set of the Henry Bradshaw Society, 30 vols., 18/. ;
Martin Luther, Sammtliche Werke, and Exegetica
Opera Latina curayit Elsperger, together 93 vols.
in 73, 1826-57, half-morocco, 9/. 9*. ; Chrysostomi
Opera Omnia, 13 vols., Paris, 1858, 11. 15s.; Walsh's
' Vindication of the Loyal Formulary, or Irish
Remonstrance so graciously received by His
Majesty, A.D. 1661,' Dublin, 1674, 6^. 6*. ; Morland's
'Evangelical Churches of Piedmont,' 1665, 4/. 4*.;
Hook's 'Archbishops of Canterbury,' 11 vols.,
3J. 10*. ; set of the Publications of the Parker
Society, 55 vols., 21.; and 'Tracts for the Times,'
5 vols., 11. 18*. The general books include Reclus's
' Universal Geography,' edited by Ravenstein and
Keane, 19 vols., 6^. 6*. ; Finden's 'Byron Illustra-
tions,' 24*. ; and Christopher Wren's ' Life and
W r orks,' 326 - . 6d. There are interesting items under
Jacobite.

Mr. L. C. Braun's Catalogue 50 contains Ovid's
' Metamorphoses,' with Picart's plates, 1732, 25*. ;
' The Complete Angler,' first edition issued by
Bagster, 1808, 30*.; ' Sir Joshua Reynolds's Life ' by
Leslie and Tom Taylor, 45*. ; Montaigne, 1685-1711,
20*.; Huish's 'Memoirs of George IV.,' 30*.;
Dodoens's 'Historic of Plants,' 1595, 4/. 4*.; La
Fontaine, 1685, 30*. ; and ' Cabinet des Fees,' 1785,
4/. 10*. There are items under Early Editions,
French and German Literature, Heraldry, Topo-
graphy, &c.

Mr. Walter V. Daniell sends Part 3 of his Cata-
logue of Topographical Literature. This contains
Hertford to Mqnmonth. We note a few items.
Under Greenwich Hospital is ' The Painted
Chamber', with Nelson lying in State,' 15*. Lan-
cashire maps include a Panoramic View of Liver-
pool, 11. 1*. ; and Manchester, the South- West
Prospect, 1728, If. 1*. Under Leicestershire is a
copy of Nichols with the plates in perfect condition,
S/. 16s. Lincolnshire includes Thompson's 'Antiqui-
ties of Boston,' 1856, 21. 15*.; and a choice collection
of 153 engravings in portfolio, 21. 15*. Under
Hampstead are some pretty water-colours ; and
iTiider Highgate is the study that Coleridge occupied
during his residence with Dr. Gillman, an interest-
ing lithograph byG. Scharf, 18 in. by 14 in., showing
his bookcase, pictures, &c., 10*. The next part of
the Catalogue will be exclusively devoted to
London.

Mr. Bertram Dobell's Catalogue 147 includes
books from the libraries of Dr. Garnett, Toole,
Clement Scott, Charles Lever, and the Duke of
Sutherland. There is a miniature portrait of
Byron's executor Scrope Davies, with inscription
on the back "Painted by Js. Holmes, 1816, for
Lord Byron, Scrope Davies." It is in gold frame,
I/. There are also original autograph MSS. of
William Morris : ' Beowulf (first draft), 69 leaves,
folio, half-morocco, 30/.; and 'Nupkins Awakened'
(or ' The Tables Turned '), differing altogether from
the printed copy, 211. The first edition of Whit-
man s ' Leaves of Grass,' Brooklyn, New York,
1855, is 30^. ; the scarce Library Edition of Shelley,
edited by Buxton Forman, 8 vols., original blue
cloth, 1876-80, 91. 9*.; Randolph's ' Poems,' first
edition, Oxford, 1638, 1QI. ; and the first edition of
' The Farther Adventures of Robinson Crusoe,' W.
Taylor, 1719, 121. 12*. Other items include the first

edition of Sterne's 'Sentimental Journey,' 1768 r
If. 10*.; eleven books and pamphlets printed by
VV. J. Linton at the Appledore Press, 1882-95,
4/. 4*.; first edition of Shelley's ' Six W T eeks' Tour,'
uncut, Hookham & Oilier, 1817, 31. 3*. ; a collection
of 176 Playbills made by Toole, 1753-66, 12/. ; and
Carew's 'Poems,' a seventeenth-century MS., neatly
written in the same hand, circa 1640, 10/. 10*. We
have no further space, but almost each item in this
catalogue has a history of its own.

Mr. William Glaisher has a Catalogue of Popular
Current Literature.

Mr. William Hitchman's Bristol Catalogue 44
contains a set of Lawrence & Bullen's "Italian
Novelists," 9 vols., 10/. ; The Ancestor, 12 vols., 21.
Howell and Cobbett's ' State Trials,' 1809 - 28,
34 vols., 14/. 14*.; Petit's 'Cathedrals of England,'
23 original drawings, 21. ; Morgan's ' Romano-
British Mosaic Pavements,' describing the tessel-
lated Pavements of England, county by county, 18*. ;
'Warwick Castle to the Present Day,' by the
Countess of Warwick, 13*. Qd. ; and Johnstone and
Croall's ' Nature-printed British Seaweeds,' 210
coloured plates by Bradbury, 1859-60, 4 vols.
royal 8vo, 21. 2*.

Messrs. George Juckes & Co., of Birmingham,
have in their Catalogue 176 Edwards's 'Anecdotes
of Painters,' 1808, 21. 18*. 6rf. ; Collins's 'Peerage '
9 vols., 1812, It. 15*.; 'Curiosities of Emblem
Literature,' a scrapbook of drawings coloured by

TiQTirl Q7 Qu * J^prT7^1/v^cor1ia T*i-f-o-riTirt<- J /TTZ,

paintings of Cornwall coast scenery by W. Casley
for sale.

Mr. Alexander W. Macphail, of Edinburgh,
includes in his Catalogue LXXXVIII. an interest-
ing fifteenth-century manuscript, ' Scotus Pau-
perum,' with letter inserted from the author dated
10 May, 1486, large 8vo, morocco, 4/. 10*. ; Drum-
mond's 'Ancient Scottish Weapons,' 11. 18*. ;
'Antiquarian and Topographical Cabinet,' 1807-12,
12 vols., 11 12*.; and 'Encyclopaedia Britannica,'
1861, 25*. There are a number of items under
Edinburgh and Glasgow, and under Scott are a
likeness in oil, 3/. 15*. ; and a copy of the statue by
Greenshields, 18 in. by 12 in., It. 5*. There is a Ion'"-
list of Trials.

Mr. E. Menken's Book Circular 174 con-
tains important items under Ancient Religions.
Lovers of heraldry will be interested in Foster's
' Marks and Ensigns of Honotir,' 3/. 3*. ; and
Guigard's ' Armorial du Bibliophile,' 21. 15.y.
Under Atlas occur the 'Atlas Historique,' 7 vols.,
folio, Amsterdam, 1739, &c., 51. 5*.; and the
'Atlas Curieux,' Paris, 1705-17, 3/. 3*. Other items
include Segar and Edmondson's ' Baronagium
Genealogicum,' 1764-84, 5/. 18*.; Burton's 'Arabian
Nights,' Benares, 1885, 15/. ; a copy of the first
edition of the ' Chronicon Nurembergense,' 36/. ;
Roach Smith's 'Collectanea Antiqua,' 1848-80,'
7 vols., 51. 5*. ; and Mareschal's ' Les Faiences
Anciennes et Modernes,' 2 vols., 3/. 3*. Genea-
logists will be attracted by the entries under
Foster, these including his ' Index to Printed
Pedigrees,' 4 vols., unpublished, but ready for the

100

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL FEB. 2, 1907.

r, IO/. 10.--. ; and 'Index to Heralds' Visita-
tions and other MSS. in the British Museum,'
unpublished. 20/. The Library Edition of Jesse's
4 Historical Memoirs,' 30 vols., is 12f. 12*. ; Beltz's
* Order of the Garter,' Pickering, 1841, 11. 5*. 6rf. ;
and Pitt - Rivera's privately printed works on
' Excavations and Antiquities? 7 vols., 6t. 10*.
There is a long list under Family History.

Messrs. Myers & Co.'s List 114 contains first
edition of 'Northanger Abbey,' original boards,
uncut, 1818, 11. Its. ; Edition de Luxe of Lever's
Novels, polished calf by Zaehnsdorf, 31/. 10*.;
Goupil's 'Royal Biographies,' Y!l. ; first edition of
Rossetti's 'Poems' (one of twelve copies printed
on hand-made paper), 1870, 5/. 5*. The original
issue in 12 monthly parts of ' Old St. Paul's,' 1844,
121. 12-s. "Murray's Family Library," 1830, &c.,
53 vols., 11. 10s.; Beaumont and Fletcher, edited by
Dyce, 11 vols., 1843-6, 121.12*.-, ' The Century Dic-
tionary,' 11. Dickens's 'Gems from the Spirit
Mine,' 12mo, 1850, 15*. (this contains the 'Hymn of
the Wiltshire Labourers,' specially written for the
" League of Universal Brotherhood ") ; The Times
'Encyclopaedia Britannica,' 35 vols., 14/. 10*. (cost
upwards of 60/.); Home's 'New Spirit of the Age,'
with 40 portraits, 1844, 3/. 7*. Qfl. ; and a handsome
Virgil, 3 vols., folio, Rome, 1763-5, 31. 10*. (the
illustrations were specially engraved for the Duchess
of Devonshire). Two specially interesting items
are a copy of Leigh Hunt's ' The Town,' a presenta-
tion copy " to Mary Shelley from her affectionate
friend the author ; and from Charles Lamb's
library, Mason's 'Believer's Pocket Companion,'
1821, containing verses with Lamb's signature.
The Catalogue has a long list under Ireland and
Travels.

Messrs. Pitcher & Co., of Manchester, have in
their Catalogue 142, Billing's 'Baronial Antiquities,'
1845-52, 51. 10*. ; John Doyle's ' Political Sketches,'
McLean, 1829-48, 9 vols., imperial folio, GQt. (this
copy has the full number of plates, 917) ; first
edition of Campbell's 'Poetical Works,' 1837,
3/. 3*. ; Bohn's extra volumes, 3/. 5*. ; The original
Library Edition of Dickens, 1866, 30 vols., 14/. ;
'The Dialect Dictionary,' 6 vols., 4to, 7/. ; ' Ex-

g)sitor's Bible,' 49 vols., 8/. 8*.; first edition of
amerton's ' Etching and Etchers,' 1868, 5/. 5*. ;
Dodoens's 'A Nieuwe Herbal,' 1578, 6/. (last leaf
of index wanting); Percy's 'Household Books,'
Pickering, 1827-31, II. 5*.; Laing's 'Sagas of the
Norse Kings,' 21. 10*. ; Millais's ' Game Birds '
<>/. 10*.; 'Picturesque Europe,' original edition,
-V. T,.s ; large-paper copy of " The Temple Library,"
16 vols., (}/. Ik ; Hogarth's Works, edited by Austin
Dobson, with portfolio of duplicate plates, 51. 5*
Lilford s ' Birds,' very scarce, 52/. 10*. ; Hogg and
Bulls 'Herefordshire Pomona,' I/. 15*.; Motley's
Works, 11 vols., tree calf, by Riviere, 9/. ; and a
complete set of the Cmttini dnlld Hobby Horse,
31. 18*. There are interesting items under Scott
and Scotland.

Mr Albert Button , of Manchester, devotes his
Catalogue 148 to the English Lakes and the Lake
Poets It contains the Transactions of the Cum-
ter^S^SS ^ es * mo ^ and Antiquarian Society,
ISu-KKK) 20.; Beck's 'Furness Abbey,' 1844, 4/. 4* ;
Whitaker's 'Parish of Clitheroe,' 21. 10*.; a series
of water-colour drawings, 3/. 7*. M. ; and Scott's
Border Antiquities,' 1814, If. 7*. 6V/. There are
early guide-books ; and of course long lists under
Wordsworth and Southey.

Mr. Sutton has also a general catalogue, No. 149.
We note JSradxhaw's Manchester Journal, 1841-8
4 vols., 8*.; Household Words, 19 vols., I/. ].s. ;
St. John Hope's 'Knights of the Garter,' 2/. 17*. (W.;
a complete set of Punch to end of 1903, half-
morocco, 22/. 10*. ; a collection of over a hundred
Street Ballads, 11. ; and the Transact ion* of the
Manchester Literary Club, 28 vols., 3/. 3*. There
are many items under Lancashire. We would
suggest to Mr. Sutton that his highly interesting
catalogues would be far more enjoyable reading if
printed on ordinary paper, instead of the highly
glazed paper he now uses.

Mr. Wilfrid M. Voynich's Short Catalogue 21
contains 374 items, all more or less rare. We note
first edition of Paracelsus, 1660, 21. 12*. Qd. Under
Anthologies will be found a work unknown to
bibliographers, Fanutius's ' Aureum prorsus Opuscu-
lum de Comparationibus Poetarum ' (Virgil, Lucre-
tius, Seneca, Horace, &c.), Bologna, 1533, '21. 2*. ;
and Mirandula's ' Illustrium Poetarum Flores,'
1598, 21. 2*. The editor of the latter is unknown.
Under Bibles are three not in the Caxton Exhibi-
tion. Under English Royal Binding is Charles L's
copy of Baker's 'Chronicle of the Kings of Eng-
land,' 1643, 71. 7*. Under Cookery is Wake's 'A
Hermeticall Banquet' (on p. 35 Shakespeare's name
is mentioned), 1652, 151. 15*. Under Dialling is
Samuel Foster's ' Miscellanies,' 1659, "21. 10*. Foster
was famous for inventing and improving many
planetary instruments. Under Incunabula is
Eusebius ' De Prseparatione Evangelica,' Jenson
1470, 501. This is the first book printed by Jenson,
and exhibits great beauty of typographical execu-
tion. Among other items we find Shelton's trans-
lation of ' Don Quixote,' 2 vols. in 1, 1672-5, 4J 4*
According to Jarvis, this is the first English
translation. The twenty-third edition of Defoe's
' True-Born Englishman,' Dublin, 1733, is 7*. M. A
note states that this edition is not to be found in
Lowndes or Watt. The first edition appeared in
1700, and "Defoe declares in 1705 that nine genuine
and twelve pirated editions had been printed and
80,000 copies sold in the streets." The third edition
of Stowe, 1618, is 3Z. 3*.; and the rare first edition
of Dr. Some's ' Godly Treatise, wherein are ex-
amined and confuted many execrable fancies given
out and holden partly by Henry Barrow and John
Greenewood (see 10 S. vi. 118), 1589, 11. 16*.

THE library of our old friend and contributor the
Rev. J. Woodfall Ebsworth, announced to be sold
by Messrs. Puttick & Simpson on the 13th inst. and
following day, will be found to be rich in collections
of old song-books and ballad literature, besides
many interesting presentation copies. Mr. Ebs-
worth has been a book-collector from early boy-
hood. *

J. G. C. His father was Scotch, and his mother
Irish.

CORRIGENDUM. Ante, p. 69, col. 2, 1. 22 from foot
for "MS. Digby" read MS. Douce.

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101

LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 0, 1907.

CONTENTS. No. 1&3.

NOTES : Early British Names : their Interpretation, 101
The Gages of Bentley, Framtielrt, Sussex, 102 Burton's
' Anatomy of Melancholy,' 103 Pastoral Astronomy, 104
" Mesteque " : its Etymology" Adespota "Watts and
the Rose " Spartam nactus es, hanc exorna" "Carry-
ing coals to Newcastle " Error in Ruffhead Falling
Birdcage and 111 Luck, 105" Boz-pole " " To go to pot "
Hornsey Wood House : Harringay House, 106.

QUERIES : Poonah Painting ' Pop goes the Weasel'
Addison and Col. Philip Dormer Newbolds of Derby-
shire, 107 Latin Pronunciation in England " Haze"
'Bibliotheca Staffordiensis,' 108 " Blue- water " " Ar-
miger " : " Generosus," &c. Ward Surname " Kingsley's
Stand "John Amcotts George Geoffry Wyatville, 109
Antiquarian Society, Batley, Yorkshire Charles Reade's
Greek Quotation Dubourdieu and England Families, 110.

REPLIES: Bell -horses: Pack-horses, 110 Cardinal
Mezzofanti "Mony a pickle maks a mickle," 112 Rom-
ney's Ancestry A Knighthood of 1603, 113 Major Hamill
of Capri "G" Hard or Soft Splitting Fields of Ice, 114
' The Times,' 1692 Duke of Kent's Children Rev. R.
Rauthmel " The Old Highlander "" Mitis "" Moke,"
a Donkey, 115 "Mulatto" Royal Kepier School,
Houghton - le - Spring " Wroth " Admiral Benbow's

Kingsland
speare,' 117 J. L. Toole, 118.

NOTES ON BOOKS :' Society in the Country House'
'Visitation of England and Wales '' Poems of Long-
fellow ' ' Poems of Herrick ' ' A Dictionary of Political
Phrases and Allusions ' " The World's Classics "
Reviews and Magazines.

Notices to Correspondents.

EARLY BRITISH NAMES: THEIR
INTERPRETATION.

Mona and cognate Names. Mona was the
name of the isles of Anglesey and Man at
the coming of the Romans. It goes back,
therefore, to prehistoric time. We find the
same element in other names, such as
Monnow ; Menevia Juteorum (i.e., Menevia
of the Goths), the ancient name of St.
David's in South Wales ; Dumnonium,
the ancient name of Devonshire, and mean-
ing, as will presently appear, the region
bounded on either side by water ; Clack-
mannan, in Scotland ; Mannau Gododin,
a name given in Welsh literature to what is
now Haddingtonshire ; and besides these
it occurs, in different modified forms, in a
great many other geographical names, as
I shall endeavour to show.

Now, in regard to the meaning, it is to be
observed that the name is always used as a
river-name, or else to designate a portion
of land adjacent to or surrounded by water
whilst the instances in which it is so used
are so numerous as to leave little doubt
that the word signifies water. This being
taken for granted, the next point is to
ascertain in what language or languages

he word is found with this meaning. The
answer to this is that the nearest existing
brm of a word with this meaning is the
Norse word vand (water), the Scandinavian
nasalized) form of the English word water,
vat or vad being the root. Let us consider
what modifications of this form of the word
would be required to give the form found in
Vtona, Man, and the other instances above
nentioned. One would be the assimilating
of the consonants nd into nn, which is very
common in Celtic. Probably this modifica-
tion of the word is to be seen in the name
of Vannes, in Brittany, so called after the
ancient Veneti, who dwelt on the coast, and
of whose skill in navigation and commercial
enterprise mention is made by Caesar. Next
we know that original v passes frequently
into m, thus giving the form of the word
seen in Mona, Dumnonium (where du stands
for the second numeral), Menevia, Clack-
mannan, and the rest. As to the change of
a into o in Mona, it is what is seen when
man is pronounced as mon ; and in Welsh
words borrowed from English it almost
invariably takes place. And there is another
modification which the root under considera-
tion, vat or vad, might undergo, viz., by the
m passing into n, which is also very common.
In this form we meet frequently with it, as
in the river-names Nith, Neath, Neathey,
and Nen ; Namnates (?), ancient name of
Nantes, in France ; Nantwich (Cheshire) ;
Bradninch (Devonshire) ; Dinan (Brittany) ;
Dinant (Belgium) ; in the word tri-nani,
occurring in a Gaulish inscription ; in the
Welsh word nant, which always means a
place where the water collects ; and once
more, in the name of the Celtic sea-god
Nodens, to whom, in the Romano-British
period, a temple was dedicated in what is
now South Wales, and in the tribal names
Novantes and Trinovantes (where the d or t
of the root is changed into v ; cf. Latin
medius and mefms), meaning, the former the
tribe whose territory was defined by the
Nith, and the latter the people of the three
rivers, comparable as a geographical designa-
tion with the Indian Penjaub.

Lastly, the initial letter v of our root
might be dropped, as happens in Greek and
in Welsh and Norse words. Probably this
modification is seen in the Welsh name
Glan Adda, or Adda side, and the river-
name Annan, in Scotland and elsewhere.
These different modifications of an initial
v or w (the digamma) may be seen by com-
paring English personal pronoun we with
Greek hemeis, Latin nos, and Greek oida
with Latin vidi. And in passing I may

102

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. vn. FEB. 9, 1007.

point out that the change of v into n occurs
in a sreat number of Latin and Greek words,
asm nesos, island ; Nereids, water divinities ;
nato, to swim; unda, wave; Neptunus,
lord of the water.

It appears, therefore, that the early
British names Mona, Menevia, Novantes,
Nith Neath, Xeathey, &c., are all from the
root'vad or vat, and signify water ; and it
would seem that they were brought into
Britain by the settlers from Belgic Gaul, for
one of the varieties still survives in Belgium
in the name Dinant. J. PARRY.

(To be continued.)

THE GAGES OF BENTLEY, FRAM-

FIELD, SUSSEX.

JAMES GAGE, of Bentley, was one of the
sons (probably the second son) of Sir John
Gage, K.G.

One James Gage married Anne, aged
36 in 1555, daughter and coheir of Dorothy,
wife of Sir Henry Owen, and sister and
coheir of Thomas, Lord De la Warre (Cart-
wricrht's ' Sussex,' ii. 29). I believe this to
have been James Gage of Bentley, and the
lady to have been his second wife. He
seems to have married as his first wife
Jane, daughter of James Delves, of Bent-
ley, Sussex, and widow of John Bellingham,
of Erington, Sussex (Nichols's * Leicester-
shire,' iii. 149; Gage's ' Hengrave,' 231).
He died 12 Jan., 1572/3, leaving one Uryth
or Urth his widow, and four sons : (1) Ed-
ward, (2) John, (3) James, (4) Robert (Sussex
Rec. Soc., iii. 8).

Edward, his heir, married Margaret,
daughter of John (not William) Shelley,
of Michelgrove (cf. 10 S. iv. 56). There is
an odd divergence in the published accounts
of their monument in Framfield Church, and
perhaps some Sussex reader of ' N. & Q-'
will give a full description of it. According
to the Rev. H. R. Hoare (Sussex Arch. Coll.,
iv. 296-7), " behind him are three sons,
behind her five daughters, above are their
names." On the other hand, the Rev. E.
Turner says (ibid., xxiii. 159) that the brass
has " the figures of a man and a woman and
of their six children upon it " ; and that the
first half of the inscription runs :

"Here lyeth the body of Edward Gage, Esq r ,
and Margaret his wife (daughter of Sir [-s/c] John
Shelley, of Michelgrove), who had three sons and
seven daughters, and died Anno D'ni 1595."
The three sons and one of the daughters
appear to have predeceased their father.
The six surviving daughters, together with
their mother, are given in the pedigree in

Harl. Soc. Publ., liii. 9, to their father's
cousin John, eldest son of Sir Edward Gage,
K.B., of Firle ; and in Gage's ' Hengrave '
(p. 237) and in Burke's ' Peerage ' their
mother is represented as wife of the said
Sir Edward's fifth son Edward, and mother
of his children John and Elizabeth. Brother
Foley (' Records S.J.,' v. 78) supposes the
tomb to be that of Edward Gage of Firle !

Of the six surviving daughters, (1) Mary
married John Crispe, of Ore, Sussex. (2)
Dorothy, whose name also occurs as Ruth,
married Thomas Alcock (whom Berry,.
' Sussex Genealogies,' 294, calls Alwick)*
of Rampton, Cambs, who in April, 1593,
had been about 32 weeks in the Marshalsea
for recusancy (Strype, ' Ann.,' iv. 258).
(3) Margaret married George Smyth, of the
Bishopric of Durham. (4) Mildred married
Augustine Belson, of Stokenchurch, Oxon,.
a recusant (' Cal. S. P. Dom., 1598-1601, '*"
p. 524), and surviving him died in 1624,
aged 49, and was buried at Clapham, Sussex
(Cartwright, ' Sussex,' ii. 85). (5) Philippa
married Andrew Bendlowes, of Essex, also
a recusant (' Cal. S. P.,' loc. cit.}. (6) Eliza-
beth married Anthony Skinner, of Rowing-
ton, Warwickshire, who received licence to
go beyond the seas with his family on 12 Aug
1606 (' Cal. S. P. Dom. Add., 1580-1625 '
p. 486).

In 1576 Edward Gage was a magistrate
of Sussex suspected of Popery (Strype,
' Ann.,' II. ii. 22). He appeared before the
Council 11 Aug., 1580, in accordance with
some previous judgment, and on the 13th
was committed to the Marshalsea (' P. C. A.,'
N.S., xii. 150, 153). As one of the executors
of the Earl of Southampton's will he was
liberated on bail for a short time 20 June,
1581, and his leave of absence was repeatedly
extended (ibid., xiii. 93, 296, 376). He went
back to the Marshalsea after June, 1582,
and was there on the following 23rd of March'
In September, 1586, he was at liberty, and
entertained on the 8th a seminary priest,
Nicholas Smith, afterwards a Jesuit, who-
at this time was residing with Lady Copley
at Galton.* The priest was arrested the
next day, through the instrumentality of
the apostate Anthony Tyrrell, and com-
mitted to the Clink on 1 1 September, where
he still was in the following July. Edward
Gage followed him to the Clink on the 14th,

'"'See Foley, 'Records S. J.,' vol. vii. pp. 719,
1451. He was nephew of one Smythe. M.D., who
is probably the Richard Smith, M.D.Oxon of
Munk's 'R. Coll. of Phys.,' vol. i. p. 07. This Dr
Smith was also uncle to the Bishop of Chalcedori
('D.N.B.,' liii. 102).

10 s. VIL FEB. o, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

103

but by the 23rd had been transferred to
the Counter in Wood Street, whence he was
discharged on bail on 17 November (Cath.
Kec. Soc., ii. 258, 268, 269, 272, 277 ; ' Cal.
S. P. Dom., 1581-90,' p. 352). In 1592 he
was in the custody of Mr. Richard Shelley,
but having been named an executor of the
will of the first Viscount Montague, he was
frequently released on bail (' P. C. A.,' N.S.,
xxiii. 329, xxiv. 17, 149 ; ' Cal. Cecil MSS.,'
iv. 264). About this time two priests, Mr.
Taylor and Mr. Croket (Ralph Crocket the
martyr), with another whose name has not
been recorded, were always resident at
Bentley (' S. P. Dom. Eliz.,' ccxli. 35).

Edward Gage's brother John and nephew
Edward, of Wormley, Hertfordshire, were
also recusants (' Cal. Cecil MSS.,' iv. 265 ;
* Cal. S. P. Dom., 1598-160L' p. 524). On
his uncle's death in 1595 the latter succeeded
to Bentley. He married Clare, sister to
Andrew Bendlowes above mentioned, and
in 1606 was licensed with his family to go
abroad in company with his cousin Eliza-
beth Skinner and her husband. He died at
Bentley, 19 Sept., 1628 (Cath. Rec. Soc., i.
113). JOHN B. WAINEWBIGHT.

BURTON'S 'ANATOMY OF
MELANCHOLY.'

(See 9 S. xi. 181, 222, 263, 322, 441 ; xii.

2, 62, 162, 301, 362, 442 ; 10 S. i. 42, 163,

203, 282 ; ii. 124, 223, 442 ; iii. 203 ; iv.

25, 523 ; v. 146 ; vi. 143.)

THE following are a few more additions
to earlier notes.

L. 80 of ' The Argument of the Frontis-
piece ' (9 S. xii. 2) in the third edition, where
the lines first appear, is

He will doe the same again.

P. 14, 1. 1 (Shill.) ; 3, 1. 7 (ed. 6) (10 S. iv.
524). The error by which " a " is inserted
before " ; Member " does not occur earlier
than ed. 6.

P. 17, n. 9 ; 5, n. u, " Anatomie of
poperie," &c. (10 S. iv. 524 ; v. 146 ; vi.
144). Add Donne's ' An Anatomy of the
World,' 1st ed., 1611 (see Grosart's ed.
of D.'s ' Complete Poems,' " The Fuller
Worthies' Library," vol. i. p. 102). The
title of George Gascoigne's ' The Anatomye
of a Louer ' (p. i of ' The Posies,' 1575, first
printed on pp. 344-5 of the unauthorized
' A Hundreth sundrie Flowres bounde vp
in one small Poesie ' [1572]) has a more
literal application. For " Dunhelmensis "
at 10 S. vi. 144 read Dunelmensis.

P. 20, 7 ; 6, 33 (10 S. iv. 525). For 1617
read 1617-18.

P. 21, 2; 7, 9 (10 S. iv. 525). Burton's-
error in quoting as lovius's the words from
Alciatus's epist. at the beginning of the
1553 (Paris) ed. of the ' Historic ' ha^ a
parallel on p. 183 of vol. ii. (329, ed. 6, II.
iii. iii.), where

dant perennes
Stemmata non peritura Musse

is quoted with the marg. ref. " Marullus."
It is not by Marullus, but forms the conclu-
sion of a poem in three alcaic stanzas headed
' De Marullo, 5 12Sap/.oi/,' and signed F.
Thorius Bellio (i.e., Francisciis Thorius, of
Bailleul), which may be read in the edition of
Marullus's poems printed at Paris in 1561,
with a dedication to Thorius by Guilielmus
Cripius.

P. 21, n. 15 ; 7, n. m (9 S. xii. 443). For
" scripturient[i]um " read scripturientum.

P. 29, 1. 6 and n. 1 ; 11, 1. 38 and n. d.,
" Nicholas Car " (9 S. xii. 62). Here again
our author makes a similar error to that
pointed out above. The words in the note
are not Carr's, but belong to an extract from
' Richardus Vernamus in Methodo Geo-
graphica' printed by Thomas Hatcher on
fol. 16 verso of his ed. of Carr's oration ' De
Scriptorum Britannicorum | paucitate, et
studiorum impedi- | mentis,' 1576 :

"Hoc beneficio [i.e., the presence of Typoyraphi
ernditi] carent Angli, qui si quid etiam lectu non
indignum pepererint, cum paucos habeant Typo-
graphos, et eos aut artis suaj prorsus inscios, aut
qutestui magis et auaritiae quam literamni profectui
studentes, cogimtur," &c.

With " that so many flourishing wits are
smothered in oblivion, ly dead and buried,"
may be compared a passage in Erasmus's
' De Utilitate Colloquiorum ' : " Nisi in-
numera felicissima ingenia per istos in-
felicissime sepelirentur ac defoderentur viva "
over one-third through the piece, p. 774
in 1729 variorum ed. of the ' Colloquia.'

P. 31, n. 6 and n. 7 ; 13, n. p. and n. q.,
" Pet. Nannius. . . . ' Non hie colonus,' " &c.
(10 S. i. 42). The ref. to the original ed. is
p. 133 of N.'s 2,vfj./jit.KTu>i> siue Miscel- |
laneorum decas | vna ' (Louvain, 1548),
dedicated to William Paget, Chancellor for
the Duchv of Lancaster, afterwards Baron
Paget of Beaudesert.

P. 43, n. 3 ; 20, n. p., " Anaxagoras olim
mens dictus ab antiquis." The rendering
of Timon's lines given by Cobet is, I find,
not that of Ambrogio Traversari (10 S. i.
203), though his trans, of Diog. Laert. is a
revision of A. T.'s.

P. 43, n. 4 ; 20, n. q., " Regula nature ' r

104

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL FEB. 9, 1907.

<10 S. i. 163). The exact reference to Aver-
roes is fol. 169 recto, col. 1,1. 11 from foot,
vol. vi. (1550) of the Venice (" apud Juntas ")
ed. of Aristotle in Latin with a Latin version
of Averroes's commentaries ; * De Anima,'
lib. iii. summa 1, cap. 2,

"credo enim quod istehomo fuerit regula in natura,
.& exemplar, quod natura inuenit ad demonstrandum
vltimam i>erfectionem humanam in materijs. -
Tom. vi. Part i. fol. 159 verso, 1. 6 of the 1562 ed.

P. 43, 14 ; 20, 29, " Nulla ferant," &c.
(10 S. i. 282 ; vi. 144). See Bessarion's

* Aduersus calumniatorem Platonis,' lib. i.
cap. iii., about four-ninths through, 1. 19 of
fol. 21 verso in the Roman ed. of 1469
.(Sweynheym & Pannartz) :

" Quid autem greci senserint : inprimis ab ipso
Aristotele licet intelligere. Hie cum in problema-
tibus quereret : cur hi qui in philosophia uel
poetica uel liberalibus disciplinis : uel etiam reipub.
administratione claruerunt : melancholic! fuerint :
postquam enumeratis plerisque antiquis ad iuniores
descendit : Empedoclis : et Platonis Socratis
exemplo usus est. Quin etiam preclaram orationem
de laudibus Platonis conscripsit : ut Olympiodorus
refert. Et in elegiis ad Eudemum hec de Platone
cecinit.

Cecropis ad claras uenerat usque domos

I)ulcis amicicie mox illi condidit aram

Quern laudare nephas ora prophana foret

Qui solus : uita : doctrina moribus : ore

Admonuit cunctos : et monumenta dedit

Vt uirtute queant felicem ducere uitam

Nulla ferent talem secla futura uirum."

Though Olympiodorus's scholia on the

'Gorgias' were not printed until 1848, by

Albert Jahn in Supplement-band xiv. (the

lines are on p. 395) of the ' Neue Jahrbiicher

fur Philologie und Padagogik ' (Leipzig,

founded by J. C. Jahn), yet the seven Greek

verses had been given by Menage in his

* Observationes ' on Diogenes Laertius (lib. v.
i. 12, 27), p. 116 in the ed. at the end of the
London Diog. Laert. of 1664. Neither
Menage, nor Bergk (' Poet. Lyr. Gr.,' ii.,
1882, p. 336), nor Heitz (' Fragmm. Aris-
totelis,' p. 334), nor Jahn, nor Rose (' Aris-
totelis qui ferebantur librorum Fragmenta,'
1886, p. 421), mentions the occurrence in
Bessarion of the Latin rendering. " The
four lines " at 10 S. vi. 144, col. 2, 1. 5, should
be the last four lines. EDWARD BENSLY.

University College of Wales, Aberystwyth.
(To be continued.)

r * PASTORAL ASTRONOMY. While yet under
the charm of ' Les Etoiles,' the narrative
of a Provencal shepherd, given by Alphonse
Daudet in ' Lettres de mon Moulin,' it
occurs to me to ask whether British watchers
of the " flocks by night " have stories of
the stars resembling those which Daudet

found in some ' Armana Proven^eau ' and
put into the mouth of his hero. They were
probably contributed to the almanac by
Frederic Mistral, who embodies them in a
conversation with a shepherd in the eleventh
chapter of his ' Memoires et Recits.' It is
hardly possible that our own pastors do not
gaze upon the stars and speculate as to their
nature and on the reason of their distribu-
tion in the heavens. There is probably
much folk-lore current in the fraternity
which, as far as I know, and that is not very
far, is still unrecorded. Here are the Pro-
ven$al examples :

"Juste au-dessus de nous, voila le Chemiii <lc,
saint Jacques (la voie lactee). II va de France droit
sur 1'Espagne. C'est saint Jacques de Galiee qui
1'a trace pour montrer sa route au brave Charle-
magne lorsqu'il faisait la guerre aux Sarrasins.
Plus loin, vous avez le Char des dmes (la grande
Ourse) avec ses quatre essieux resplendissants. Les
trois Etoiles qui vont devant sont les Trois betes,
et cette toute petite contre la troisieme c'est le
Charretier. Voyez-vous tout autour cette pluie
d'etoiles qui tombent ? ce sont les ames dont le bon

Dieu ne veut pas chez lui Un pen plus bas, voici

le Rateau ou les Trois rois (Orion). C'est ce qui
nous sert d'horlpge, a nous autres. Rien qu'en les
regardant, je sais maintenant qu'il est minuit passe.
Un peu plus bas, toujours vers le midi, brille Jean
de Milan, le flambeau des astres (Sirius). Sur cette
etoile-la, voici ce que les bergers recontent. II
parait qu'une nuit Jean de Milan avec les Trois
rois et la Poussiniere (la Ple"iade) furent invites a
la noce d'une etoile de leurs amies. La Poussiniere,
plus pressee, partit, dit-on, la premiere, et prit le
chemin haut. Regardez-la, la-haut, tout au fond
du ciel. Les Trois rois couperent plus bas et la
rattraperent, mais ce paresseux de Jean de Milan,
qui avait dormi trop tard, resta tout a fait derriere,
et furieux, pour les arreter leur jeta son baton.
C'est pourquoi les Trois rois s'appellent aussi le

Bdton de Jean de Milan Mais la plus belle de

toutes les etoiles, maitresse, c'est la notre, c'est
V Etoile du berger, qui nous eclaire a 1'aube, quand
nous sortons le troupeau, et aussi le soir quand nous
le rentrons. Nous la nommons encore Maguelonne,
la belle Maguelonne qui court apres Pierre de
Provence (Saturn) et se marie avec lui tous les sept
ans." Pp. 60-62.

Valuable notes on the Great and the Little
Bear and on the Milky Way are stored in
the first three volumes of Melusine. I
gather there that while, perhaps, in most
lands, " the seven stars " are regarded as a
wain or other wheeled vehicle, in Vivarais
they are looked upon as being a saucepan
watched by the star which is to be seen
near the end of the handle. When the
saucepan boils this scullion will take it from
the fire, and then the end of the world will
come. In the United States the constella-
tion is called the Dipper, i.e., the Ladle.
I believe that our people speak of it as the
Plough. ST. SWITHIN.

10 s. VIL FEB. 9, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

105

" MESTEQUE " : ITS ETYMOLOGY. In the
review (ante, p. 58) of the last section of the
' N.E.D.,' mesteque, a term applied to the
finest cochineal, is said to be of obscure
origin. I should like to suggest that it is
merely a corrupt or hispanicized form of the
tribal name Mixtec, familiar to readers of
Prescott. In Rees's ' Cyclopaedia,' 1819,
s.v. ' Cochineal,' there is a sentence which
confirms this theory :

" The cultivated cochineal, called also mcxtique
from a Mexican province of that name, is the
product of slow and progressive improvement in
the breed of the wild cochineal."

It will be perceived that the name of the
province is not precisely stated. We may,
I think, safely assume it to be Mixtecapan,
the province of the Mixtecs, who were an
Indian race allied to that remarkable people
the Zapotecs, who have given to Mexico
some of her greatest statesmen.

JAS. PLATT, Jun.

" ADESPOTA." MB. RALPH THOMAS in a
note upon Mr. King's book says (ante, p. 25),
with reference to the title given by Mr. King
to his anonymous quotations: " I do not
think much can be said in favour of ' Ades-
pota.' " May I be allowed to say that I
think a great deal may be said in its favour ?
In various editions of the Greek ' Anthology '
aSecrTTOTOf literally, without master, owner-
less is the proper term for a piece the author
of which is unknown. The word is used
by Plutarch in this sense. I cannot see why

* Adespota ' should not be used in English
in a literary sense, just as ' Anecdota ' and

* Analecta ' are so used. A. L. MAYHEW.
Oxford.

WATTS AND THE ROSE. Most of us when
children were familiar with Watts' s ' Divine
and Moral Songs,' and probably many will
remember how infelicitously Capt. Cuttle
(the author of the motto of ' N. & Q.')
quoted the one on the sluggard in his delight
at hearing again the voice of his old friend
Sol Gills. I wish, however, to refer to the
one relating to the rose, which begins :

How fair is the rose ! what a beautiful flower !

The glory of April and May.

With the first line all will agree ; the rose
is undoubtedly the queen of flowers, and
deserves all the praises which the poets
have lavished upon it. But it is essentially,
in this country, a summer flower : June is
its principal month, and rarely is it to be
seen out of doors earlier.

Whilst speaking of the rose, I may perhaps
be allowed to call attention to a singular error
of etymology in Syme's ' English Botany '

(vol. iii. p. 203), where we are told not only
that " rose " is derived from the Greek p68ov,
but that that word means red. We have,,
indeed, the Greek adjective pdSeo?, but that
comes, like our word " rosy," from the rose,
not the rose from it. W. T. LYNN.

" SPABTAM NACTUS ES, HANG EXOBNA."
(See ante, p. 25.) The tracing of this quota-
tion to its Greek source in a fragment of
Euripides has been sufficiently shown in
3 S. v. 260, 307, 444; but it had been
observed earlier in a characteristic note by
Archdeacon Wrangham in his edition of Dr,
Thomas Zouch's 'Works,' 1820, vol. i.
pp. xiii, xiv. I recorded at 10 S. vi. 486 its-
use by Henry Cornelius Agrippa, and I have
a memorandum that it occurs in the dedica-
tion of Schrevelius's ' Juvenal.' It appears
on the title-page of Chamberlayne's ' Present
State,' 1684, the 'Whitaker's Almanack'
of that time ; but it is perhaps most familiar
to English readers by being quoted in Ed-
mund Burke's ' Reflections on the Revolu-
tion in France' (ed. Daly, 1841, p. 181),
where he terms it " a rule of profound sense.''

W. C. B.

" CABBYING COALS TO NEWCASTLE " :
EBBOB IN RTJFFHEAD. In Ruff head's ' Sta-
tutes at Large,' 1769, vol. i. p. 516, the
statute 9 Hen. V. s. i. c. 10 is headed " Keels-
that carry Sea-Coals to Newcastle shall be
measured and marked." Whether the
phrase quoted above was in use or not in
1769 I do not know, but Ruffhead's curious
title did not state the effect of the Act
correctly. He should have written at
instead of " to." A customs due of 2d.
was payable to the king on every chaldron
sold to people not franchised in the port of
the town of Newcastle-on-Tyne. The keels-
by which the coals were carried from the
land to ships in the port were assessed to a
portage of 20 chaldrons each ; but larger
ones had been built, with the result that the
king was cheated of his dues. Hence the
provisions for marking and measuring.

R. S. B.

[The late MR. F. ADAMS quoted at 8 S. ii. 484 an
instance of the use of the proverb before 1614. See
also 4 S. vi. 90 ; 5 S. xi. 486 ; 8 S. iii. 17, 136 ; 9 S.
xi. 495.]

FALLING BIBDCAGE AND ILL LUCK. The
Standard for 4 January contained the
following :

" While Mrs. Dunn, a lodging-house keeper, of
Aldershot, was working in her wash-house on
Boxing. Day, her caged blackbird fell down. She
took it to be an omen of ill luck, and it so affected;
her that she went all over the house to see if there

106

NOTES AND QUERIES. uo s. VH. FEB. 9, 1907.

\vas anything wrong. She discovered that about
four pounds worth of clothes and jewellery had
been stolen from her bedroom, and suspicion falling
upon two of her lodgers who had left suddenly that

day, the police were informed. The pair were

charged at the Hants Quarter Sessions yesterday
with the offence."

HARRY HEMS.
Fair Park, Exeter.

" BOZ-POLE." I do not find this word in
any dictionary, but it is in the following
paragraph, which appeared in The Weekly
Journal, or British Gazetteer, for Saturday,
18 January, 1718 :

" Last Sunday, as the Lord Bishop of York went
To preach at St. Anne's in Blackfryers, his Coach
over-set behind Ludgate-Prison, occasioned by the
Prisoners taking in their Boz-Pole, to make room ;
and letting it fall betwixt the Coach arid the Coach-
man, put his Grace into some surprize, but did no
other Damage than that of breaking the Glasses,
which made his Grace walk a-foot to the Church."

That it should have been a " Boz " who
called such striking public attention to the
sufferings of the " poor prisoners " in the
Fleet as to ensure their redress adds interest
to this particular word.

ALFRED F. BOBBINS.

" To GO TO POT." This phrase appears
to have meant, in some instances at least,
" to go to prison " :

" When great Rogues are in Authority, and have
the Laws against Oppression and Robbery in their
own Hands, little Thieves only go to Pot for't ; and
inferior Pirates are punish'd with Death at the
Gallows, while those of superior Orb, or first Rate
Offenders, live safe and successful at the Helm of
Government." ' English Proverbs with Moral Re-
flexions,' by Oswald Dykes, 2nd ed., 1709, p. 36,
' One Man had better steal a Horse, than another
look over a Hedge.'

"All ] (lotting against the Lives, or the Govern-
ments of Princes, is but playing the Fool at the
best. Plots for the most Part miscarry, and then
the Plotters are sure to be soundly hamper'd, or to
iio to Pot for their Pains in the Discovery."- ll>i<l..
l>. 142, in the reflexion on 'Harm watch, Harm
catch.'

Jamieson's ' Scottish Dictionary ' has " Pot,
Pott, a pit ; a dungeon," and gives a quota-
tion from Douglas's ' Virgil,' 108, 16, in
which is the following :

iK-ip in the sorout'ull grisle hellis pot.

ROBERT PIERPOIXT.

HORXSEY WOOD HOUSE : HARRINGAY
HOUSE : ^ HIGHGATE. As the object of
4 N. & Q.' is to prevent the perpetuation of
error as well as to record valuable items of
knowledge, I beg leave to call attention to
the following blunder in the Christmas
Supplement of The Hornsey and Finsbury
Park Journal, 14 Dec., 1906, so that when

future references are made for the purposes
of topographical information, searchers may
not be confused or misled. The article,
which is signed W. B., is headed ' Harringay
Past and Present,' and a picture is repro-
duced from a print published in 1809, with
the following remarkable description and
fanciful variants :

" Harringy, Harringay, Harringee, Harringhee,
Harnesey, Harnsey, Hornsey House.

" This was a noted house of entertainment which
stood towards Harringay, and near to the present
lake in Finsbury Park."

The latter part is correct. The picture
represents old Hornsey Wood House, which
had no more connexion with Harringay
House than St. Paul's Cathedral has with
the Alhambra in Leicester Square. The
\ two places were entirely distinct.

Harringay House stood at the back of the
Green Lanes, on the eastern side of the rail-
way, behind Hornsey Station and south of
! Hornsey Church. It was built on the site
| of a fine old Tudor mansion, pulled down
about 1750, and Mr. Lloyd in his 'History
of Highgate ' (which see) says it was the seat
of the family of Cozens for 200 years. The
property was (a portion of it, if not all) in
that interest for nearly four centuries.
Harringay House w r as rebuilt or renovated
about 1793. It has never been known by
any other name, and the nomenclature did
not arise early enough for any variant of it
to have been used.

Hornsey Wood House was so called in
1791 in the Burial Register of Hornsey.
In 1764 the sign of the tavern was " The
Horns " (see Wroth's ' London Pleasure
Gardens,' 1896, p. 169). In 1735 it had a
synonymous name to its ancient one of 1313,
but it had nothing to do with " Harringy,"
&c.

In 1200 the present Harringay is spelt
" Haringue " ; in 1231, " Harengheye "
(Feet of Fines) ; and in 1244, '' Harengee "
(Pat. Roll 28 Hen. III.). There are number-
less other variants, but in no case have I
found the double consonant used in any
reliable document until 1402, and that was
an exceptional instance.

In ' The Story of Hornsey,' by R. O.
Sherington, 1904, p. 16, it is said : "In
earliest of all records the name is Haringhaia,
an enclosure of the field of hares." I have
frequently challenged this statement, which
has not an iota of truth in it.

Under the same initials W. B., those of the
compiler of ' Harringay Past and Present,'
were reproduced in The Hornsey Journal's
Supplement, 10 Dec., 1904, two photographs

io s. vii. FKB. 9, loo:.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

107

labelled ' South Grove, Highgate,' and
' North Hill, Highgate.' Neither was cor-
rect, as almost every inhabitant knew ; but
unfortunately strangers do not, and the
perpetuation of the error in the copy filed
in the Newspaper Room of the British
Museum is a misfortune.

JOSEPH COLYER MARRIOTT.

WE must request correspondents desiring in-
formation on family matters of only private interest
to affix their names and addresses to their queries,
in order that answers may be sent to them direct.

POONAH PAINTING. I want information
about this. I can remember that there was
something so called in vogue about 1856,
but have quite forgotten what it was. I find
the following references :

1821, Exanrinf.r, p. 272 : "To Ladies. The Poonah
taught in a superior style, Ladies instructed in the
above Elegant Art, together with a variety of
Fashionable and Ornamental Works."

1829, 'The Young Lady's Book,' 469: "A piece
of tracing-paper, of a peculiar manufacture, which
is sold at the stationers' shops as Poonah-paper."

1840, Thackeray, 'Paris Sketch-Book' (1869), 153:
"" What are called ' mezzotints,' pencil drawings,
'poonah-paintings,' and what not.

1861, Sala, 'Twice Round the Clock,' 179: "An
eight-day clock, two pairs of silver grape-scissors, a
poonah-painted screen, a papier-mache workbox, an
assortment of variegated floss-silk."

1889, Anthonrf* Photographic Bulletin, II. 48 : "If
the plate be a large one, it may be applied by using
a strong hog-hair or poonah' brush charged with
vermillion."

After all this, the word does not, so far as I
see, occur in any dictionary, and is even
-entirely missed by 'The' Encyclopedia
Britannica ' and The Times Supplement.
What were poonah painting and poonah
paper ? What is a poonah brush ? Speedy
information is desired.

J. A. H. MURRAY.
Oxford.

' POP GOES THE WEASEL.' I should be
glad of any information as to the origin,
history, and date of this phrase, as applied
to a dance or otherwise. I can distinctly
remember seeing, some time in .the fifties,
in a provincial musicseller's catalogue, the
advertisement " The new country dance
' -PP goes the Weasel,' introduced by Her
Majesty Queen Victoria ; the new [some
term I forget] ' La Napoleonienne,' intro-
duced by her Imperial Majesty the Empress
Eugenie." This was, I think, about the
nd of 1854 or in 1855, but the tune was
already by that time whistled or yelled

about the streets, and it was the august
patronage ascribed to it that fixed the
advertisement in my mind. Was the phrase
introduced with the dance, or had it any
previous history ? Has any one a dated copy
of the original dance music ? I shall be thank-
ful for prompt answers, or indications where
they can be seen in print.

J. A. H. MURRAY.

[Much has appeared in ' N. & Q/ on the song,
which was printed in full at 10 S. iv. 209 by Mil.
ADAIB FITZ-GERALD. L. L. K. printed in the same
number some verses alluding to the Queen's patron-
age of the dance. See also 10 S. iii. 491 ; iv. 5-t. ]

ADDISON AND COL. PHILIP DORMER.
In Addison's ' Campaign,' published 14 Dec.,
1704, are the following lines (309-14) :

O Dormer, how can I behold thy fate.

And not the wonders of thy youth relate !

How can I see the gay, the brave, the young,

Fall in the cloud of war, and lie unsung !

In joys of conquest he resigns his breath,

And, filled with England's glory, smiles in death.
In the London Daily Courant, 21 Aug., 1704,
is the following notice :

"We have received a list of the English officers

killed and wounded in the battle of Blenheim

Of the Guards, Col. Philip Dormer, killed."
What were Addison's relations with Dormer ?
Of all the English officers who fell at Blen-
heim, why should Col. Dormer alone be
mentioned in ' The Campaign ' ?

At 3 S. xii. 206 appears an inquiry con-
cerning the history of Dormer's "youthful
deeds." I cannot find that this inquiry
was ever answered. Possibly a new genera-
tion of readers may be able to throw some
light on Dormer's career.

EDWARD B. REED.

Yale University, New Haven, Conn.. U.S.A.

NEWBOLDS OF DERBYSHIRE. In the six-
teenth and seventeenth centuries there
| existed in the district south of Sheffield and
north of Chesterfield many families of this
name, of which a few later attained some
local importance. I am especially inter-
ested in the Newbolds of Newbold, parish of
j Chesterfield, and the Newbolds of Hacken-
| thorpe (Hackingthorpe), parish of Beighton,
both in Derbyshire. These families are now, I
| believe, extinct in that district. Much inf or-
! mation relating to them and their descend-
'. ants in America is already in my possession.
I should like to receive more, and should
also be glad to enter into communication
with English descendants, if any yet survive.
I should also be grateful for any informa-
tion leading to the discovery of manor rolls,
deeds, and other records relating to the
manors of Newbold and Beighton, co.
Derby, and Handsworth, co. York. I have

108

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL FEB. 9, 1907.

been able to discover no rolls of Beighton
save the few preserved in the Record Office.

WM. ROMAINE NEWBOLD.
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, U.S.A.

LATIN PRONUNCIATION IN ENGLAND.
As to the head masters at their late Con-
ference very wisely determined to adopt
the continental pronunciation of Latin in
English schools, the question is being dis-
cussed whether Latin was ever in England
pronounced in the continental way. Rash-
dall (in hia ' Universities in the Middle
Ages,' vol. ii. p. 594) states authoritatively
that in the fifteenth century Englishmen
then pronounced Latin in the continental
way ; Dr. Caius is cited as an authority for
the statement that the melancholy change
took place in his time. It is incredible,
indeed, that Erasmus should have found
himself able to converse with such facility
with the University authorities in England,
had he not found that they spoke Latin in
the same way as himself. Coryat in his
' Crudities,' written at the end of the six-
teenth century, laments the fact that he
found himself unable to make himself under-
stood when he spoke Latin in Italy, and sets
forth explicitly the differences in the pro-
nunciation of the two nations. This was
at the beginning of the seventeenth century
But Erasmus about 1500 talks freely witl
More, Grocyn, Linacre, and Colet, and ii
seems certain that Latin was the means o
communication between them. Indeed
Erasmus finds himself obliged to apologize
to one of his Dutch correspondents for writ
ing in Latin, alleging as an excuse hi
imperfect acquaintance with his own Ian
guage. Milton taught Elwood the Quaker t(
pronounce Latin with the Italian pronuncia
tion, saying that it was most important t
learn this pronunciation in order to be abl
to converse with foreigners.

HERBERT A. STRONG.
University, Liverpool.

[Much on the subject has already appeared i
' X. \ *}.' Siv 7 S. xi. 484; xii. 36, 149, 209, 295
S S. vi. 14, 253, 489 ; 9 S. vii. 351, 449.]

" HAZE." It is remarkable that th
origin of haze, a mist, and of the adjectiv
hazy, is wholly unknown. Dr. Murray show
that the adjective actually occurs in Englis
earlier than the substantive. His earlies
quotation is dated 1625, the sentence being
" The weather beeing thicke and hawse*
the winde high."

I have only just observed a remarkabl
passage in the Bremen ' Worterbuch ' of
1767, which seems to show that we certainly

orrowed the word from Low German ;
erhaps it was picked up by our sailors in a
^erman port. In vol. ii. p. 601 of that
emarkable work, we read that the word
Hase means, in the first place, a hare ; and
econdly, a stocking, like our English hose.
lut there is a third sense, used only in the
hrase " de Hase brouet," i.e., the " Hase '
rews. I translate the whole sentence, as
j is material :

"De Hase brouet, we say, when in summer, at
ventide, a thick cloud suddenly spreads itself over
he earth, that does not rise high above the earth,
out looks, at a distance, like water A similar
hick white cloud is also called Haze in English.

This is surely a statement which requires
examination. It is repeated, in similar
terms, under the verb kronen, to brew, vol. i.
p. 145. We there find :

"De Hasebroiief is said of a certain cloud, that
uddenly rises thickly on the surface of the earth.
What I desire to know is whether the phrase
s still current in Low German ; and if so,
whether Hase means " a hare," or " a stock-
ng," or anything else ; and how does a
Hase brew ? WALTER W. SKEAT.

* BIBLIOTHECA STAFFORDIENSIS.' In 1894,
through Mr. A. C. Lomax, printer, of Lich-
field, I published the ' Bibliotheca Stafford-
iensis ' in two sizes, viz., royal 4to and
imperial 8vo. Since then, as opportunity
has permitted, I have been collecting addi-
tional matter, which it is proposed to issue in
a supplementary volume, so as to complete
to date.

Remembering with pleasure and thankful-
ness the assistance yourself and your corre-
spondents gave whilst I was compiling the
said work, I appeal once again that I may be
permitted to avail myself of the pages of
'X. & Q.' to make some inquiries, and to
bespeak the help (which has hitherto been
so cheerfully given) of your numerous con-
tributors ; and I feel confident that I shall
not appeal in vain.

May I be permitted to state that copies
of the ' Bibliotheca ' are in many libraries,
and to beg that any one doing me the honour
to reply will first look over the volume, so
as to see its general scope ?

Having made the above remarks, I will
now outline my wants.

1. Any information relative to any person
born, sometime resident in, or taking title
from any portion of Staffordshire.

2. Bibliographical particulars relative to-
any publication (no matter on what subject)
made by such persons, additional to what
is already in the book.

10 s. vii. FEB. 9, loo?.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

109

3. Names and addresses of Staffordshire-
born persons.

4. Particulars of local newspapers, maga-
zines, squibs, broadsides, or other transitory
press issues, connected with the county
and of the printings of the following or other
local printers.

The year after each name is only approxi-
mate ; some of these printers were probably
at work earlier, as they certainly were later
in most cases.

FIRST LIST.

Adams, E.,Burton-on-Trent, 1844.
Allbut, John & Son, Hanley, 1796.
Thomas 1806.

&Gibbs 1811-13.

& Son 1838.

Son&Hobson 1848.
& Daniell 1853.

Allen, Thos., Burslem, 1803. He was of Bank Top,

Manchester, 1799.
Amphlett, James, Hanley, 1817.
Atkinson Bros. 1888.

Bacon & Wilder, Uttoxeter, 1818.
Bagguley, G. T., Newcastle, 1889.
Baker, Richard, Tamworth, 1818.
Bakewell & Adams, Uttoxeter, 1834.

,, Burton-on-Trent, 1841.
Bamforcl, Edward, Ashbourne. Anything on

Staffordshire by him.
Barford & Nevitt, Wolverhampton, 1852.
Barker, George. Silverdale, 1863.

John W., Wolverhampton, 1887.
Alfred 1890.

Basst'ord, Stephen, Bilston, 1818.
Timothy 1834.
Bate (?), Fenton, 1836.

Hanley, 1841.
Bayley, John, Newcastle, 1830.
Thos. 1850.

Beard, Joseph, Tamworth, 1834.
Bebbington, James, Hanley, 1860.
Beddows, John, Wolverhampton, 1850.
Bell, George, Sheltori, 1840.
Bellamy, R. R., Burton-on-Trent, 1854.
Bentley & Wear, Shelton, 1823.
Booth, Joshua, Wednesbury, 1818.
Bourne, James, Bemersley, 1820. Anything printed

at Bemersley, 1820-43.
Bowering, Samuel, Burslem, 1850.
Brassington, Thomas, Uttoxeter, 1&34.
Bridgen, Joseph, Wolverhampton, 1833.
Britten, C., Wednesbury, 1856.
C. & W., Tipton, 1868.
W. 1868.

Broclehurst, F. S., Uttoxeter, 1850.
Brougham, Mary, Burslem, 1834.
Stephen 1820.
Bullock, Samuel, Hanley, 1818.

Please reply direct to R. SIMMS.

27, Ironmarket, Newcastle, Staffs.

" BLUE- WATER." This novel compound
word, which is unknown to the ' N.E.D.,'
has lately appeared in such phrases as
" blue-water school," blue-water theories,"
posing invariably as an adjective in
the odious modern . style which piles up

substantives in that position. The word
is, I believe, the invention of the last
five years or so, and is due to some naval
expert perhaps Capt. Mahan. It embodies,
I understand, a theory of naval defence.
What, then, does it imply ? As used at
present, without a word of explanation, it
is wholly unintelligible to the ordinary man,
and ' N. & Q.' might get the name of its
inventor before it is too late to recover it.

A derivation from this technical use is a
general reference like the following in the
Introduction to Masefield's book ' A Sailor's
Garland,' in which I notice : " One can find
him [the poetic sailor] on blue- water ships
at the present time." HIPPOCLIDES.

" ARMIGER " :T " GENEROSUS," &c. I
shall be much obliged if any of your readers
can inform me of the proper English equiva-
lents for the following Latin descriptions, so
often to be met with in old parish registers,
&c., viz., armiger y eques auratus, miles,
generosus, ingenuus. R. L.

[The use of the terms armiger and <yeweroms- is
discussed at 7 S. x. 383, 445 ; xi. 97, 173, by MB.
ALBERT HARTSHORXE and others, but not the
English equivalents of the words. SIR HERBERT
MAXWELL stated at 7 S. x. 93 that miles describes a
knight, a baronet being designated miles baronettus.]

WARD SURNAME : ITS ORIGIN. What is
the origin of the common surname Ward ?
I have always understood it to be a pure
English name with its usual meaning of
" guard." But Mr. Moore, in his newly
published book of ' Manx Names,' says
that it comes from Mac-an-Bhaird, " son of
the poet " (the mac and the article dropped,
and bh pronounced as v or w). This may or
may not be the case with the Manx name,
but I can hardly suppose that the English
surname has any such origin.

C. S. JERRAM.

" KINGSLEY'S STAND." Can any reader
of * N. & Q.' give me information as to the
expression " Kingsley's Stand," as applied
to the 20th Regiment ? Col. Kingsley was
colonel of the regiment when it distinguished
itself at the battle of Minden, 1 Aug., 1759.

QUERIST.

JOHN AMCOTTS was admitted to West-
minster School July, 1727, aged eleven.
I should be glad to ascertain his parentage
and any particulars of his career.

G. F. R. B.

GEORGE GEOFFRY WYATVILLE, son of
Sir Jeffry Wyatville, the architect, exhibited
an architectural picture at the Royal
Academy in 1832. Was he an architect or

110

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL FEB. 9, 1007.

an artist ? I should be glad to know the
date of his death. G. F. R. B.

ANTIQUABIAN SOCIETY, BATLEY, YOBK-
SHIBE. The following occurs in the first
volume of The Antiquary, April, 1880, p. 183 :

"An Antiquarian Society has been established at
Batley, Yorkshire. The preliminary meeting was
presided over by Mr. Yates and Mr. W. H. Hick,
by whom the meeting was called together."

They made a statement showing that the
parish was very rich in ancient relics. Have
these, gentlemen, or has the Society itself,
published matter which would be useful
in a bibliography of Yorkshire ?

J HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.

CHARLES READE'S GBEEK QUOTATION :
SENECA. Many years ago I sent a query
as to the authorship of the following quota-
tion, but no reply appeared : KUI TOVTO
//ey terras eort TC^I^S ayuQa Trof.lv TO, KO.KV..
(One accent only is given.) It appears in
' Hard Cash,' by Charles Reade, chap, xli.,
where it is said to come from one of the
Greek philosophers.

In ' Seneca's Morals by Way of Abstract,'
by Sir Roger L'Estrange, tenth ed., 1711,
p. 273 (i.e., at the beginning of chap, xxiv.,
' Of a Happy Life '), is the following :

" It is a Master-piece to draw Good out of Evil ;
and by the help of Virtue to improve Misfortunes
into Blessings."

Can any correspondent give the author
of the Greek saying, or a reference to any
passage in Seneca which may be the original
of the extract from L'Estrange ?

ROBEBT PlEBPOINT.

DTJBOUBDIEU AND ENGLAND FAMILIES.

Can F. F. C., who wrote on the Dubordieu
family at 10 S. vi. 305, confirm or supple-
ment the following imperfect genealogical
tree ?

Admiral Dubourdieu.

John Dubourdieu (fl. 1696).

Rev. Peter Dubourdieu,
rector of Kirkby (something) in Yorkshire.

Mr. Bolton, Boulton,=T=Miss Dubourdieu
or Bowden

Miss B(olton) ?=Thomas England

of Hull.

I spell the name as it is spelt on the title-
page of a book I once had, but cannot find
on the Theban Legion, by the Rev. John
Dubourdieu, chaplain to the Duke of Schom
ber ?- E. B. ENGLAND.

High Wray, Ambleside.

BELL-HORSES : PACK-HORSES.

(10 S. vi. 469 ; vii. 33.)

THE practice of affixing bells to some
jortion of the neck - harness of horses
attached to carts and waggons is one that
las long been in use in this country, and is
still continued in some districts. But the
;erm " bell-horse " was, however, more
generally applied to the leading animal of
a string of pack-horses, to whose neck was
suspended a single loud-sounding bell. The
pack-animals were a special breed, and were
iccustomed to carry heavy and bulky
weights of goods of every description on a
wooden framework called a crook (long and
short) ; in packs, or in paniers ; or, when
mployed by farmers for conveying manure
bo the fields, in wooden or metal " pots,"
like large bandboxes, with hinged bottoms,
for discharging their contents. In Japan
a sack tied at the bottom was (is ?) sub-
stituted for the latter. By untying the
Loop, " the manure dropped on the spot
where it was wanted. A similar arrange-
ment was at one time in use in Scotland "
(' Gleanings from Japan,' by W. G. Dickson,
1889, 213-14).

The bell-animal was not only the best
animal in the troop, but, according to Mr.
Chanter, " it was a common custom for any
one wanting a good horse to go to our north
country and buy the leader of a string of
pack-horses " (Trans. Devon. Assoc., vi.
190). The bell served two separate and
distinct purposes, acting both as a guide
to the rest of the troop, and as a warning to
the approaching traveller.

The number of animals in a team varied
considerably, and although they followed
independently of each other, and were not
bound to their fellows by traces or bonds of
any kind, they one after another, in single
line, implicitly followed the leading horse,
being guided solely by the sound of the
bell which he wore, and which must have
clanged at every step he took. This is
well expressed in some lines on ' The Pack-
Horse ' that appeared in one of the peri-
odicals in the middle of the eighteenth
century :

Through tangled brakes and narrow paths they
wind,

O'er pine-clad forests, or the dreary fell ;
No trusty pack-horse ever lags behind.

Led by the music of the deep-ton'd bell.

A striking illustration of the guiding
influence of the bell, even upon an extremely

io s. VIL FEB. 9, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

Ill

long train of pack-animals, is thus recorded
by J. K. Lord in ' The Naturalist in Van-
couver Island,' &c. (1866) :

" I have eighty-one mules and a bell-horse. To
manage mules without a horse carrying a bell round
its neck is perfectly impossible. The bell-horse is
always ridden ahead, and wherever it goes the
mules follow in single file." I. 248.

To this he adds an interesting account of
the method adopted in crossing a wide
stream, when, if a canoe is obtainable,
"the bell-horse, deprived of his bell, is towed by
the canoe across the stream ; a packer, standing iii
the canoe, keeps ringing the bell violently,"

when, after some hesitation, the mules
" dash into -the water and swim towards the clang-
ing bell On reaching the opposite side, when the

horse's feet touch the ground, the man again drops
astride, and rides it out, ringing the all-potent bell
with all his might."

Without a canoe the packer swims beside
the animal, taking care to keep up the bell
sound (i. 269-70). The team, according to
its length, was under the care of one or more
mounted men ; but when, as for farm
purposes, the animals were few only, the
man in charge seated himself on the top of
one of the loads. In the latter cases the
bell-horse may have been dispensed with.

We have to bear in mind that, with the
exception of the main roads between cities
and towns, the majority of the public road-
ways in England, as late as the commence-
ment of the last century, consisted of un-
paved, ill-kept, narrow lanes, which could
not be traversed by wheeled carriages of
any kind. These lanes were frequently
identical with the ancient trackways :
those of Dartmoor are characterized by
Mr. R. Burnard as " narrow gullies dignified
by the name of roads " (Trans. Dev. Assoc.,
xxxvii. 174). Travelling along them on
horseback was attended with many dis-
comforts, but the pedestrian had to suffer
many additional difficulties and dangers.
The condition of these lanes is noted by the
Rev. J. Marriott in his ' Marriage is like a
Devonshire Lane ' :

In the first place, 'tis long, and when you are in it,

It holds you as fast as a cage does a linnet ;

For howe'er rough and dirty the road may be

found.
Drive forward you must, there is no turning round.

For though 'tis so long, it is not very wide,
For two are the most that together can ride ;
And e'en then 'tis a chance but they get in a pother,
And jostle and cross and run foul of each other.

Then the banks are so high, to the left hand and

right,
That they shut up the beauties around them from

sight.

From time immemorial, and until a recent
period as late as 1840 in Shropshire the
sole method of transporting goods all over
England was by pack-horses or mules,
except in the vicinity of carriage by water.
(The same method is still practised in many
mountainous districts on the Continent.)
Numerous entries relating to pack-horses
will be found in the Domesday Record.
According to Mr. Markland, " the persons
of young scholars " were frequently conveyed
by pack-animals to the Universities from
the north of England (Archceologia, xx. 460).
In 1866 Sir J. Bowring remarked (Trans.
Dev. Assoc., iii. 95) :

"It is within my recollection that there were
many roads leading to important places in this very
county (Devon) which no wheel carriage could pass,
and where everything was conveyed on the backs of
pack-horses, stumbling over the broken stones, and
sometimes buried in the deep mud."

The disuse of pack-horses began when
carts and waggons could be employed on
the roads and unpaved roadways, both
forms of conveying goods being frequently
utilized by the same carrier, as shown in
the following advertisement, transcribed
from A. Brice's Exeter paper in 1727 :

"George Gatehill, the Tauntoii Carrier to and
from Exeter, who for several years past has
practiced that employment with Pack Horses, not
only continues such carriage, but now more coni-

modiously and securely to serve hisMasters with

Conveyance of Goods of larger Weight and Bulk,
drives Waggons also.''

Long crooks were for the most part employed
for holding the goods to be transported.
These were secured one on either side of the
back of the animal, and are thus fully
described by Mr. Elworthy :

"Long crooks consist of two long poles bent

in a half circle of about eighteen inches in diameter,
but with one end much longer than the other. A
pair of these bent poles are kept about two feet
apart and parallel to each other by five or more
rungs. A frame so constructed forms one crook,
and a pair of these pairs are slung on the pack-
saddle pannier-wise. When in position the long
ends of the crooks are iipright, and are at least
three feet above the horse s back. Being over five
feet asunder, a very large quantity of hay, straw,
or corn can be loaded on a pack-horse." "West
Somerset Word-Book,' 170.

Short crooks, sometimes called " crabs,"
sufficed for barrels and for small heavy goods.

The widespreading crooks, combined with
the narrowness of the passage, will serve
to show the danger to which a traveller,
whether on foot or on horseback, would be
subjected on encountering a gang of pack-
horses in a narrow lane, especially at the
close of the day ; and hence the importance
of a warning of their approach being given

112

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL FEB. 9, 1007.

by the sound of the bell borne by the leading
animal, so that a shelter of some kind might
be sought without delay. C. Vancouver
states :

"The rapidity with which these animals descend
the hills when not loaded, and the utter impossi-
bility of passing loaded ones, require that the
utmost caution should be used in keeping out of
the way of the one, and exertion in keeping ahead
of the other. A cross-way fork in the road or
gateway is eagerly looked for as a retiring spot to
the traveller, until the pursuing squadron, or
heavily loaded brigade, may have passed by."
'View of the Agriculture of Devon' (1808), 370-71.

Even the narrow bridges erected to
enable the pack-animals to cross streams
without wetting their burdens not only
have low parapets, to prevent the chance
of the crooks coming into contact with the
stonework ; but, especially in the case of
the bridge being a long one, the projecting

Eiers have their external walls carried up
;vel with the parapet, so as to form recesses
where the wayfarer may find a temporary
refuge. A good example of this kind of
bridge crosses the Wye a short distance from
Bakewell, Derbyshire, and adjoining the
main road on the way to Ashford.

The children's jingle, " Bell-horses, bell-
horses, what time of day," &c., is common to
many counties. Curiously enough, it does
not appear in that form in Halliwell's
* Nursery Rhymes,' where the first line
commences, " Good horses, bad horses," &c.
" The Pack-Horse " as an inn sign was
formerly more frequent than it is at the
present day ; probably when wheeled
carriages came into more general use it was
Changed into that of "The Waggon and
Horses." In Larwood and Hotten's ' His-
tory of Signboards ' the " Bell and Horse,"
"Bell and Black Horse," and "Horse
and Dorsiter " (dorsiter=a, pannier ; accord-
ing to the ' E.D.D.' it should be dorser or
dosser) are mentioned, but not " Bell-
Horse," although there were probably
many examples of the last named in the
eighteenth and preceding centuries. A house
bearing this sign formerly occupied a site
on Kelsall Hill, half way between Chester
and Xorthwich. It appears to have been
the only "house of call " between those
places. T. N. BEUSHFIELD, M.D.

tSalterton, Devon.

CARDINAL MEZZOFANTI (10 S. vii. 6, 57).

If, as we are taught, an infant is one who
cannot speak, a Mezzofanti may be supposed
to justify his name if he can deliver himself
in half the languages which are worthy of
being known.

In Murray's ' Yorkshire ' (p. 238) the Rev.
J. Oxlee, rector of Molesworth, Hants,
is said to have mastered 120 languages and
dialects ; but what use he made of them all
I do not know. He was a native of Guis-
borough, who died in 1854, when, half-way
between seventy and eighty, he was batten-
ing on a benefice of 228Z. a year.

Another polyglot gentleman resident in
Yorkshire was but a bad second to Mr.
Oxlee. This was Dr. Mawer, whose epitaph
at Middleton Tyas is thus set down in
Whitaker's ' Richmondshire ' (vol. i. p. 234) :

"This Monument rescues from Oblivion the
Remains of the Rev a John Mawer, D.D., late
Vicar of this Parish, who died Nov. 18, 1763,
aged 60 ; as also of Hannah Mawer, his Wife, who
died Dec r 22 nd , 1766, aged 72, buried m this
Chancel. They were persons of eminent Worth.
The Doctor was descended from the Royal 1 amily
of Mawer, and was inferior to none of his illustrious
Ancestors in personal Merit, being the greatest
Linguist this nation ever produced. He was able
to speak and write twenty-two Languages, and
particularly excelled in the Eastern Tongues, in
which he proposed to His Royal Highness, Frederick
Prince of Wales, to whom he was firmly attached,
to propagate the Christian Religion in the Abissmiaii
Empire. A great and noble Design, which was
frustrated by the Death of that amiable Prince, to
the great Mortification of this excellent Person,
whose Merit, meeting no Reward in this World,
will, it is to be hoped, receive it in the next Iron
the Being which Justice only can influence.

According to ' Reminiscences of an Old
Bohemian ' (vol. ii. pp. 158, 159), Dr. Karl
Tausenau, who strove to teach me German
in the fifties, was only to be excelled by
Mezzofanti ; but as to that, I think the Old
Bohemian was misled by his enthusiasm.
He wrote that Dr. Tausenau was
" one of the best and soundest classical scholars of
our time, no mean Orientalist, and a fluent accurate

3>eaker of seven European languages German,
zech, Italian, French, English, Magyar, and Dutcli

to wit English he spoke with rare fluency. At a

great international meeting held in London in 18ol
he interpreted to the English section currente,
lingud (it the expression may pass) the speeches
made in five different languages ! a feat which 1
never heard achieved before or since."

ST. SWITHIN.

" MONY A PICKLE MAKS A MICKLE " (10 S
vi. 388, 456; vii. 11). As " meikle " and
"muckle" are simply variants, it is altogether
futile to attempt the task of assigning them
separate and distinctive functions. " Does
not ' mickle ' or ' meickle,' " we are asked,
" usually indicate quantity, while 'muckle'
refers to size ? " " Meickle," as irrelevant,
may be left out of the question, to which
in its modified form a directly negative
answer falls to be given. In translating
'yEneid,' v. 150, Gavin Douglas uses the

10 s. VIL FEB. 9, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

113

phrase " meikle hillis," having undoubtedly
size, and not quantity, in his mind's eye ;
and the same may be said of the " twa
great mekle bord-claithis of dornik," duly
specified in Thomson's ' Inventories and
other Records of the Royal Wardrobe and
Jewelhouse,' p. 150. Quantity or extent,
on the other hand, is indicated by the use
of " muckle " in Ramsay's proverb, " Little
wit in the head makes muckle travel to the
feet." With regard to Burns's practice, it
is necessary to point out again, as was
recently done in discussing another matter,
that it is perilous to draw conclusions from
a partial examination of facts. We are
offered, for instance, the " meikle corn and
beer " (sic) of ' Tarn o' Shanter ' to prove
that the poet chooses " meikle " in pre-
ference to " muckle " when he wishes to
express quantity, and we are left to infer
that he would not use the same form when
speaking of size. This, however, is an
entirely untenable assumption, as may be
seen by reference to the " meikle stane "
(also in ' Tarn o' Shanter ') " whare drucken
Charlie brak's neck-bane." Then, besides
" the muckle devil," " the muckle house,"
and " a muckle pity " (advanced in evidence
of the contention that " muckle " is Burns's
favourite epithet for size), we have " the
meikle devil wi' a woodie " in the Elegy on
Henderson, " the meikle black deil " in the
Exciseman song, " the wee stools o'er the
mickle " in the ' Address to the Toothache ' ;
and so on. Everything, indeed, tends to
show that standard Scottish authors, early
and late, use these Variant forms indis-
criminately, provincial practice and momen-
tary predilection serving, no doubt, to some
I extent to determine their particular choice.
THOMAS BAYNE.

MR. JONAS may like to be reminded that
the sections of the ' N.E.D.' dealing with
both " pickle " and " mickle " are now
issued. The latter (dated 1 Jan., 1907)
treats " mickle " and " muckle " as the
same word. Q. V.

The forms " meikle," " miekle," " muckle,"
are one word. Lotfal pronunciation accounts
for the different spellings. Regarding a
usage of this kind Burns is not a reliable
guide. His father was from the east coast,
north of the Tay, where the dialect is very
different from that of Ayrshire. When a
countryman removes to a new county his
dialect is the last thing he changes. If
children are given him in his new abode,
they are influenced by their father's dialect,
sometimes to such an extent that in a com

pany of school children one has only to>
hear these " foreigners " speak a few words,
and they are identified immediately. In
one case the influence of a Border dialect
was known to affect the speech and intona-
tion of a family in another county to the
third generation. " Muckle " is the form
commonly heard where Norse influence is
strong, but is not confined to these districts,
and is met with in counties where " meikle "
and " mickle " are heard. " Puckle " is-
similarly related to " pickle " the latter
being sometimes used by folk who aspire
to a little " superiority," the former being
the cherished mouthful of those who prider
themselves on their contempt for all affecta-
tion. Here is a verse by Alexander Logan r
who was born in Edinburgh in 1833, and
lived there most of his life :

Weel, it disna matter mickle,
Nannie soon will be this way ;

She mair cannie wields the sickle,
Still for a' that cuts maist hay.
North of the Forth the last two words of
the first line would generally be pronounced
" maitter muckle." P. F. H.

" The muckle Tarn ! " was a not un-
common expression in the South of Scotland
in the days of my youth, to indicate a well-
meaning, but blundering man. W. S.

As bearing upon the use of the word
"mickle," I may mention that there are
two adjacent villages near Derby called
respectively " Mickleover " and " Little-
over." H. T. W.

ROMNEY'S ANCESTRY (10 S. vii. 9, 79)
Kirkland is a township in the parish of
Garstang, in Lancashire. In the church is
a brass plate :

"In memory of Henry Abbot, of Garstang, who-
died 25 th March, 1671, in the 25 th year of his age,
Henry Abbot dead
This living song doth sing :
' O'er hell I doe triumph ;
! death, where is thy sting?'"

HENRY FISHWICK.

A KNIGHTHOOD or 1603 (10 S. vi. 181,
257, 474 ; vii. 16, 54). At the last reference
but one MR. CHAMBERS courteously corrects
what he says is an inaccuracy on my part.
Having never personally looked into the
genealogy of the Newdigate family, I have
no intention nor desire to challenge MR.
CHAMBERS' s corrections. As stated at the
time, the information in question was com-
municated to me (unasked) by a specialist
whom I believed to be trustworthy, and
whose statements scarcely seemed to call

114

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. vn. F KB . o, 1907.

for independent verification on my part.
The occasion was a private monograph I
compiled on Count Tallard's exile in Not-
tingham 200 years ago, when that eminent
Frenchman lodged with the head of the
Nottingham Newdigates.

A. STAPLETON.
l.->8. Xoel Street, Nottingham.

MAJOR HAMILL OF CAPRI (10 S. vii. 27).
This gallant Irishman was w r ounded at the
battle of Maida, in Calabria, 4 July, 1806,
in which the French under General Regnier
were defeated by the British under Major-
General Sir John Stuart. Major Hamill's
" judicious conduct " in the field on a later
occasion is noted by Lieut.-Col. Alexander
Bryce, RE., in a dispatch dated 8 Sept.,
1808. JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.

" G," HARD OR SOFT (10 S. vi. 129, 190,
236). I lately found that in the family
name Gifford the G was hard in Ullenhall,
near Henley-in-Arden, Warwick, while it is
oft, I believe, in Bishopswood, near Bre-
wood, Staffs. T. NICKLIN.

SPLITTING FIELDS OF ICE (10 S. iv. 325,
395, 454, 513; v. 31, 77). The following
passage is from Sven Hedin's ' Through
Asia,' 1898, vol. i. p. 160. It refers to Lake
Kara-kid in the Pamirs, a saline sheet of
water, with an area of 120 to 150 square
miles :

"We rode across the ice about three miles due
west from the island, then stopped and set about
sounding the depth of the western basin. The
normal tension of the ice was of course the same in

t Ve i ry i < l l L arter --v? u - r ridins over it; naturally dis-
turbed the equilibrium, by increasing the downward
pressure. As we moved along, every step the
horses took accompanied by peculiar sounds.
" moment there was a growling like the deep
Lass notes ot an organ, the next it was as though
somebody were thumping a big drum in the 'Hat
below, the,, came a crash as though a railway-
carnage door were being banged to ; then as though
a tag round stone had been flung into the lake.
I hese sounds were accompanied by alternate
whistlings and winnings; whilst every now and
a.a-n we seemed to hear far - off ^marine ex
plosions. At every loud report the horses twitched
their ears and started, whilst the men .inopdat
<>MC another with superstitious SgtfSlSSSJi* I
The Sarts believed that the sounds were caused by

HK fishes kno,k,ng their heads against theiee?

| t >e more inte ,*, Ki| .,i liz f winicML them 1
that licie were no fish in Kara-Kul Then wli^n T
asked //,,, what was the cause of the strange
sounds we heard under the ice, and whaTw

v <*od alone knows !)."
^ The Morning Post, 31 Dec., 1906, an
article on Winter Joyance ' speaks of the
wide frozen waterways" of Canada

under which a deep, mysterious booming
it were the reverberating knell of a
thousand-ton gun is heard now and again."

In England, on the tidal Trent, the ice,
fractured as it is forming by the up-rush of
water from the Humber twice a day, finally
freezes into a very rough surface, " like a
lot of stone slabs chucked together any
way." An old man bred up not far from
the river informs me that he has more than
once heard the thundering of the ice at East
Butterwick when the thaw began after a
severe " blast." M. P.

Letters recently published in The Morning
Post afford information illustrative of the
words of Lowell and Wordsworth which
were the subject of comment at the refer-
ences given above. In a letter printed in
the issue of The Morning Post for 3 January
inquiry was made whether the writer of an
article on the delights of a Canadian winter,
which had appeared in a previous issue,
could explain the " deep, mysterious boom-
ing " described as being " heard now and
again " coming from the frozen waterways.
The Morning Post of 7 January contained
the following replies, the first of which is
from the pen of the writer of the article
which gave occasion for the inquiry :

SIR, The tremendous sound to which reference
was made in ' Winter Joyance ' has never yet, so
far as 1 know, been scientifically explained. I have
heard it many times riot only on large ice-bound
lakes in Canada, but also in England -c.r/., when
skating at night in the early eighties on Holling-
worth Lake, a big reservoir near Rochdale, in
Lancashire, and on that occasion the noise was
somewhat terrifying to the mind of a boy without
previous experience of such portents. Li no single
instance was a thaw imminent ; indeed, more often
than not the frost was tightening its grip on the
waters. In Canada the beginning of a "cold
snap" is sometimes marked by this booming; the
alteration in the volume of the covering of ice may
cause the formation of a great crack (which may be
miles long), and this "ice-quake" has its thunder.
At other times, it may be, harmonic vibrations are
set up by a rapid change in temperature and the
sound is produced just as in the case of a sheet of
iron when shaken. The theory of escaping gases is
certainly not a good working hypothesis on which
to base an explanation. The winter of Western
Canada has other weird noises not easily explained ;
for example, the "noise of a going in the sky" (to
translate a Cree term), which is mentioned, by the
way, in 'Lorna Doone,' and certainly does suggest
the passing by of a company of ululating demons.
I hope "Devon Prior" will succeed in obtaining a full
and complete scientific explanation. Yours, &c.,

Jan. 5. E. B. OSBORN.

SIR, In reply to a letter signed "Devon Prior."
I write to say that when I was a girl and lived with
my father in Canada he went every Sunday after-
noon from Three Rivers across tlie St. Lawrence
River for a service at a place called Nicolay, and I

10 s. VIL FEB. 9, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

115

accompanied him in a canoe in summer and a sleig
in winter. I shall never forget my first winte
crossing of the river and my fear when the ic
cracked, and boomed like "a thousand-ton gun
indeed. I thought we must all go hopelessly to th
bottom, but our old Canadian coachman smiled a
my alarm, assuring us that there was anything bu
a cause for fear, as such sounds were the stronges
proof of the security of the ice and such prove
to be the case. Why, I leave for explanation to th
men of science, having only the power to give yo
the fact, Yours, &c., R. S. M.

Jan. f>.

These letters are, I think, worthy o
reproduction in ' N. & Q.' F. JARRATT.

'THE TIMES,' 1962 (10 S. i. 470). Ther
was an earlier squib of a similar kind, viz.
in 1850, ' The Times Newspaper, as it ma
be in 1950,' printed by John Such, of No. 1
Norman Terrace, Wandsworth Road, in th<
parish of Clapham, and published by hin
at his office, 29, Budge Row, Watling Street
sold by Newman & Co., 48, Watling Street,
London. It covered four pages, and the
price was 6d. The Parliamentary intelli
gence includes reports from the House o
Peeresses and the House of Ladies. The
Court of Queen's Bench appears under tha -
name ; but judge, counsel, and jiiry an
clockwork automata. Some fun is mad<
at the expense of old Henry Widdicombe.
RICHARD H. THORNTON.

DUKE or KENT'S CHILDREN (10 S. vii
48). The Duke was at Halifax, Nova
'Scotia, from May, 1794, till August, 1800
Madame de St. Laurent living openly witl
him ; but she certainly had no children at
that time. Three members of the French
Canadian family of De Salaberry owed
everything to the friendship and patronage
of Madame de St. Laurent, but in their
letters to her and to their own family down
to 1815 they make no reference to any
children. But the Duke had children by
Miss Green, Miss Gay, and other f air T but
frail damsels, and Lewis Melville may have
thought them the children of Madame de
St. Laurent. M. N. G.

The father of Constance Kent (Road
Murder, 1860) was said to be a son of the
late Duke of Kent. WM. H. PEET.

REV. R. RAUTHMEL (10 S. vii. 8). The
author of ' Antiquitates Bremetonacenses '
was the son of Arthur Rauthmel, husband-
man, and was born at Lees, in Yorkshire. He
took his B.A. degree at St. John's College,
'Cambridge, in 1713, and was afterwards
perpetual curate of Whitewell in Bowland.
He was buried at Chipping (co. Lane.),

15 May, 1743, and was at the time of his
death still curate of Whitewell.

The Rauthmell family was settled at
Lees in the seventeenth century.

HENRY FISHWICK.

" THE OLD HIGHLANDER " (10 S. vii. 47,
92). COL. MALET thinks I " see the features
of a Lowlander in the fact of these effigies
being clean shaved." Not at all. I said
that their clean-shaved faces had Lowland
features. The type is that of such dis-
tinguished Scots as Lord Chief Justice Sir
Alexander Cockburn or General Andrew
Wauchope and the type is easily detected
on account of the absence of beard.

T. O. H.

" MITIS" (10 S. vii. 68). DR. BRADLEY
is quite right in supposing that mitis-green
and mitis- casting have no etymological
connexion. The former is from Mitis, the
name of the Vienna manufacturer who dis-
covered it in 1814. The latter according
to Brockhaus, ' Konversations - Lexikon,'
Jubilee edition is from Latin mitis, " soft,"
no doubt on account of the fluidity which
this process gives to the molten metal.

JAS. PLATT, Jun.

" MOKE," A DONKEY (10 S. vii. 68).
I remember an epic poem published in 1844
called ' Duck-legged Dick had a Donkey,'
in which the term in question appears
several times ; author unknown ; publisher,
J. Catnach, Moranouth Street, Seven Dials.
Though not so long as Homer's ' Iliad,' it
is too long for the columns of ' N. & Q.'
One verse recorded the fact that " the
moke was sent to the greenyard " during the
period of its master's imprisonment for dis-
orderly conduct, and died for want of the
necessaries of life. The owner afterwards
bought " A new mo ke and a hamper for
17 bob and a kick " (17s. Qd.) ; but through
deficiency of vision and means of locomotion
' the new moke " " was as quiet as the one
-hat was dead." Cum multis aliis.

WALTER SCARGILL.

But a few days ago I read in 5 S. x., xi.
>r xii. the paragraph sought by DR. BRADLEY
'. have endeavoured to find my way back to
t, but the quest has been unsuccessful.

ST. SWITHIN.

I can remember seeing, more than sixty
ears ago perhaps in 1842 in a penny illus-
rated paper, a rude engraving of a row in
t. Giles's, called ' A General Strike.' One
f the actors in it suggested having the
^oke in court, as- he witnessed the whole of
he business. " The magistrate, however,

116

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. vn. FKB. n, 1907.

declined taking the evidence of the donkey"
This fixes the use of the word ten years
earlier than 1851. JOHN PICKFORD,^M.A.
Xi'wboiirne Rectory, Woodbridge.

li MULATTO " (10 S. vii. 68). If k this word
is not a corrupt metathesis of muiudllad, or
a mot savant from mulatus, can it be that
the termination is the Baskish diminutive
to, tto, cho, tcho, added to tnula ? The Basks
have been so fond of taking Romance words
into their vocabulary, and have had so
much influence in the Spanish colonies,
that such an origin does not seem impossible,
though their own word for mule is mando.
A half-caste may be said to be " adopted "
into one of two races. E. S. DODGSON.
Oxford.

ROYAL KEPIER SCHOOL, HOUGHTON-LE-
SPRING (10 S. vii. 68). In a list of eminent
scholars who were educated at Kepier
School, given in Nicholas Carlisle's ' Gram-
mar Schools in England and Wales,' are the
names of Christopher Hunter, the distin-
guished physician, concerning whom see
Surtees's ' Durham ' and Nichols's ' Literary
Anecdotes ' ; and William Romaine, the
eminent divine and writer (see Rose's
' Biog. Diet.').

J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.

"WROTH" (10 S. vii. 67). The note
showing that Shakespeare and others used
wroth as a substantive, and that wrath has
been used as an adjective, is useful and much
to the point. But it is, as usual, a question
of chronology and dialect. Before 1500,
I can find no such examples in the Midland
dialect. On the contrary, the A.-S. wrath,
adj., became, regularly, the M.E. wrooth or
wroth, as used by Chaucer at least twenty
times (I give the references in my Glossary).
But the A.-S. wrceththe, sb., with long 03,
became the M.E. wraththe, wratthe, wrathe,
as in Chaucer, at least seven times ; and
was accompanied by the verb ivratthen or
wratben, to be angry, used by Chaucer at
least five times. But, as time went on,
confusion set in ; and that is why Shake-
speare and Butler use the sb. in a form
which, in Chaucer's time and dialect, would
have been inadmissible. It is perhaps
worth mention that in Barbour the adj. is
wrath, and the sb. is wreth ; as also in
Hampole's Psalter, which is likewise in the
Northern dialect. WALTER W. SKEAT.

ADMIRAL BENBOW'S DEATH (10 S. vii. 7,
55). The recent disastrous earthquake in
Jamaica reminds me that it may not be

out of place to record under this heading
the inscription to the memory of Admiral
Benbow which was placed over his grave
in the church of St. Andrew, Kingston,.
Jamaica. I copied it recently as follows-
from The Leisure Hour of 17 Jan., 1863 :
Here lyeth Interred the body
of lohn Benbow Ksq r Admiral
of the White a true pattern of
English Courage who lost hys life
in defence of hys Queene and
Country November ye 4 th 1702
in the 52 nd year of hys age
by a wound in hys leg received
in an engagement with
Mons. Du Casse, being much
lamented.

Besides the above inscription the slab con-
tains the crest and coat of arms of Admiral
Benbow ; but of these I have no record.

JOHN T. PAGE.
Long Itchington, Warwickshire.

VINING FAMILY (10 S. vii. 28). William
and Henry Vining were brothers of Frederick
and James Vining. Fanny Vining married
Charles Gill (manager of the Lynn, Ipswich,,
and other theatres), who was very much
her senior. On one occasion she acted at
Windsor Castle under her married name..
She went to America in the fifties, and
continued there. Gill died in this country
in 1869. WM. DOUGLAS.

125, Helix Road, Brixton Hill.

r BISHOP ISLAND, SOUTH PACIFIC (10 S.
vii. 69). There is no island so named in
the Macquarie group. The rocks south of
Macquarie Island (discovered 1811) are the
Bishop and Clerk and the Judge and Clerk.
If MR. MICHELL will consult the older charts
of the Central Pacific, he will find in the
Kingsmill group an island named after
Capt. Charles Bishop, of the brig Nautilus,,
who discovered this chain in 1799. The
island subsequently received the names of
Blaney and Sydenham ; its native name is
Nanouti. There is also a Bishop's Rock
in the Bonin group, N.W. Pacific, discovered
by Capt. Bishop in 1796.

E. A. PETHERICK.
Streatham.

WYBERTON, LINCS (10 S. vii. 69). Them
is a valuable description of this church, with
illustrations of the exterior and of the
" handsome octagonal font," in * An Account
of the Churches in the Division of Holland
in the County of Lincoln,' with sixty-nine
illustrations, Boston, 1843. The name was
also spelt Wibertune ; see Lines N. & Q.,
vol. vii. (Jan., 1902-Oct., 1903), p. 106.
Wyberton church bells are somewhat famous

10 s. VIL FEB. o, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

117

in that part of the county. The custom
survives of tolling twelve strokes of the
passing-bell for a man, nine for a woman,
.and three for a child ; peals are rung on
-Christmas morning, either at an early hour
or later ; and the " Vestry Bell " (the treble
or one of the small bells of the ring) is rung
-as a summons to attend a vestry. See ' The
Church Bells of the County and City of
Lincoln,' by Thomas North, F.S.A., 1882,
pp. 183, 221, 257. At p. 763 are given the
inscriptions on the three bells.

In the first volume of The Antiquary,
April, 1880, p. 183, it is noted that
" some interesting archaeological discoveries have
been recently made at the church of Leodegar, in
Wyberton, Lincolnshire, during the work of clear-
ing preparatory to the restoration of the fabric,
which is about to be carried out under the super-
intendence of Mr. G. Gilbert Scott, F.S.A."

Leodegarius (St. Leger), Bishop of Autun,
.and martyr, was killed by Ebroin, Mayor
of the Palace, in 678. His martyrdom is
still commemorated in St. Leger's Wood,
the scene of his death. See further Smith's
' Christian Antiquities.'

J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.

There is a short notice of St. Leodegar's,
Wyberton, in ' Reports and Papers ' of
Associated Architectural Societies, vol. x.
p. 191. It was among the churches which
the Lincoln Diocesan Architectural Society
visited from Boston in 1870. Murray has
-also an interesting paragraph concerning it
in the ' Handbook for Lincolnshire,' p. 122.

ST. SWITIHN.

LITTLETON'S ' HISTORY OF ISLINGTON
'(10 S. vii. 70). MB. E. E. NEWTON, in his
interesting query about this fragmentary
publication, refers to the little book by
Samuel Lewis, jun., ' Islington as It Was and
.as It Is,' published by John Henry Jackson
(an old friend of my family's) at 21, Pater-
noster Row, and Islington Green, in 1854.
It may be useful to add that another writer,
bearing the same patronymic as the author
in question (one Thomas Lewis), wrote ' A
Retrospect of the Moral and Religious
State of Islington during the last Forty
Years,' published by Ward & Co., 27, Pater-
noster Row, and K. J. Ford, Islington, in
1842.

The earliest reference to Islington I have
met with is a broadside published in 1684,
named ' A Morning Ramble ; or, Islington
Wells Burlesqt,' printed in London by
George Crown for an anonymous author.

Amongst rare little books upon Islington
I possess a reprint (by J. O. Halliwell, F.R.S.

1861) of ' Islington Wells ; or, the Three-
Denny Academy,' printed in London for
E. Richardson, 1691 a very broad poem
ndeed. I know of two others entitled
respectively 'A Walk to Islington, with a
Description of the New Tonbridge,' and
sop from Islington,' both of which poems
are dated 1699. HARRY HEMS.

Fair Park, Exeter.

ADAMS'S MUSEUM, KINGSLAND ROAD (10
S. vi. 306). In my note I was only able to
suggest that a catalogue of this " collection
of curiosities and rarities " had been pub-
lished, but it is now possible to be more
definite, as there was a copy in George
Daniel's library. In Sotheby's catalogue
of the sale (July, 1864) of that remarkable
collection it occurs in lot 296 :

"Catalogue of the Rarities to be seen at Adams's
at the Royal Swan in the Kingsland Road, very
scarce, 17o6. Catalogue of Rarities to be seen at
Don Saltero's Coffee-House in Chelsea, n.d. Calf
extra, g. e., in one vol. 8vo."
The volume was bought by Bo one for
10s. 6d. It would provide interesting
reading if it were possible to trace its present
whereabouts. That the original and the
parody should be bound together was
essential. Robins's sale catalogue of the
" Classic Contents of Strawberry Hill "
should be accompanied by a copy of Croker's
' The Great Sale at Goosebery Hall with
Puff atory Remarks.' ALECK ABRAHAMS.

39, Hillmartoii Road, N.

ROWE'S ' SHAKESPEARE ' (10 S. vii. 69).

At first sight it is not, one is inclined to
think, very probable that the only plays to
be illustrated should be the six doubtful
ones. That of itself, though not conclusive,
lends some weight to the conjecture that
MR. TUDOR'S copy is imperfect. A reference
to Mr. Sidney Lee's biography of Shake-
speare and Lowndes's * Bibliographical
Manual ' does not throw much light on the
subject, as in the former work there is no
mention of there being any illustrations to
Rowe's edition, and the latter merely states
that it is " the first small edition and the
first with plates."

In his edition of Charles Lamb's works
Mr. Lucas gives a reproduction of one of
the plates from Rowe's ' Shakespeare '
('Troilus and Cressida '), to which Lamb
alludes in his Elian essay ' My First Play.'
Mr. Lucas, however, gives no indication as
to the edition of the plays from which it was
taken.

More conclusive evidence is perhaps to be
found in a catalogue issued by Messrs. John

NOTES AND QUERIES. no s. VIL FEB. 9, 1907.

,v Fdward Bumpus last December, in which
one of the items is Howe's edition of Shake-
speare's works (7 vols., including the rare
volume of the * Poems,' 1709-10). This is
stated to contain "numerous plates,
1 H^des the engraved frontispiece and vignette
portrait, The six mentioned by MB. TUDOR
would hardly come under that description,
so that I ain afraid his copy must be an
imperfect one, so far at least as the illus-
trations are concerned.

S. BUTTERWORTH.

It is apparent that MR. TUDOR'S set of the
1709 edition is very imperfect. The fact
of a book showing no trace of the removal
of leaves is a somewhat untrustworthy test
of its completeness. It is very easy to
remove plates or pages when rebinding, and
occasionally books are actually imperfect
when they first leave the publishers. The
edition in question to be entire should
exhibit a frontispiece portrait and a full-page
plate before every play. Perfect sets can
be consulted at the British Museum and at
the Bodleian. Birmingham and Cambridge
also possess sets. WM. JAGGARD.

J. L. TOOLE (10 S. vi. 469). Possibly the
following may be of some use :

"It was at the Hay market Theatre on the 22ud
of July. 1852, or rather on the 23rd of that month,
that he [Toole J made his first essay as an actor, the
u -casion being the benefit of the stage-manager Mr.

Frederick Webster an evening's entertainment

of extraordinary length 'The Merchant of

Venice ' in four acts ; then a concert ; and next the
comedy, in three acts, of 'Mind Your Own Busi-
ness,' with the entire strength of the Haymarket
Company; followed by * Keeley worried by Back-
bone '; and at nearer one o'clock than twelve,
Toolc, as Simmons, in * The Spitalfields Weaver,'
must have made his first acquaintance with the
London stage as a regular actor."' Representative
Actors,' by W. Clark Russell, 1888, p. 423.

Mr. Russell gives the above from " a
correspondent," not named. It is not
clear whether the correspondent speaks
of Toole's first appearance as a regular
actor at any theatre or at a London theatre
If the MS. note quoted by MR. BULLOCK
and the account given above are both true
it is curious that Toole's first appearance o:
all and his first London appearance as a
professional actor should have both been
on >; benefit " nights.

In the obituary notice in The Times o
31 July, 1906, is the following :

" Mr. Toole, at the age of 20, appeared for on
night at the Ipswich theatre, and joined a dramati
club at the Walworth Institute. It was there tha
he made the acquaintance of his firm friend anc
admirer, Charles Dickens, who had heard of hi

alent and had come to see him act It was

tiortly after Dickens had first seen him at Walworth
Mr. Toole took a holiday in Dublin, where
Charles Dillon, the manager of the Queen's Theatre,
ersuaded him to act Simmons in ' The Spital-
elds Weaver.' What correspondence had passed
etween Toole and Dillon before the choice of
)ublin as a holiday-resort we are not told. At any
ate, Mr. Toole's success was immediate, and from
iiat moment he became a professional actor."
if ter a few lines about his doings in Ireland
md Scotland, The Times says :

'In 1854 he made his first professional appearance
London, at the St. James's Theatre, then under-
lie management of Mrs. Seymour."
The Dramatic Peerage,' by Erskine Reid
and Herbert Compton, 1892, says (p. 218)
hat Toole " made his appearance at the

ld Theatre at Ipswich 1852."

ROBERT PIERPOINT.

JEtsalianmts.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.

Society in the Country Hone. By T. H. S. Escott..

(Fisher Unwin. )

THIS is just the book to afford delight to the
eaders of ' N. & Q.,' for Mr. Escott has in its pages
)ondensed the social experience and observations
)f a lifetime as well as the literary work of several
ears. In his dedicatory preface to Major Molineux
le states that, "whenever it has been chrono-
ogically possible, the country houses mentioned
ire confined to those with which I am personally
acquainted. Describing, therefore, chiefly, so far
as was possible, persons and places actually visited
:>y me, as a native of the south-west of England, I
lave naturally dwelt most on ground familiar from
its earliest associations." Mr. Escott maintains
that the country house only began to exist between
bhe thirteenth and fifteenth centuries, the true
founders being the franklins or squires, in whose
homes there was food and talk to suit all tastes.
" The men had their politics ; the ladies learned
what were the latest novelties and vagaries in
dress." At that time classes in the community were
not separated from each other by the modern gulfs,
and all persons of liberal calling or education were
at least mutually as well known among themselves
as members of a modern club. The franklin's
hospitalities made him a power in the land, and he
was far too wise a man to let them exceed his
means. No one was welcomed with greater con-
sideration than the doctor, and the guests would
frequently receive from him remedial drugs, which
he would produce from the recesses of his ample
cloak. The length of the doctor's visit was not
subject to restriction, but the ecclesiastic had to
content himself with three days, lest he should be
tempted to stay away too long from his spiritual
cure.

In treating on ' The Fashionable South Downs '
Mr. Escott shows how prolific Stanmer has been
in its social offspring : Brighton and the Pavilion
were both its children. From these descended
Bayham Abbey, Lamberhurst, and West Dean. It
was on Sunday, the 7th of September, 1783, that the

10 s. vii. FEB. 9, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

heir -apparent, induced by his Stanmer hosts,
visited Brighthelmstone, and there was a great
display of fireworks that night on the Steine, on the
site HOW occupied by the Pavilion Parade and
Prince's Street. In thre'e years the Pavilion was
completed, and Brighton's royal patron at once
heuan to "make things hum." Mr. Escott points
out that the pedestrian competitions of the Stock
Exchange are a revival of a Georgian fashion. The
Regent set the pace for riding matches between the
Old Steine and his London palace. " He himself
rode the double journey in ten hours," and that feat
was surpassed by an officer of the Light Dragoons,
who "rode from Brighton to Westminster on the
same horse in three hours and twenty minutes,
stopping only at Reigate to take a glass of wine,
pouring the rest of the bottle down his horse's
throat." One of the amusements of the Prince was
to bring down pigeons with rifle-ballets on the
Steine. Although he occasionally missed his bird, he
did " great execution among his neighbours' chimney
pots."

In the account of Longleat we find that among
the archives are hymns by Ken as yet unpublished.
We have had so much about Ken in ' N. & Q.,'
Dean Plumptre availing himself of our columns for
information for his life of Ken, that our readers
will be interested in the lines quoted by Mr. Escott,
' An Anodyne for Pain ' :

One day of pain improves me more
Than years of ease could do before ;
It is by pain God me instructs,
And so to endless bliss conducts.

Air. Escott' s book brings before us glimpses of
most of the famous men and women who have been
guests in the various houses mentioned. We learn
that Dickens at Eridge one Saturday evening,
walking with Millais and looking into the moat
there, conceived the idea of ' The Mystery of
Edwin Drood.' The younger Hood is said during
twenty years to have exercised " a refining influ-
ence upon all the departments of journalism in
which he worked." Reference is made to Palmer-
ston and his pathetic speech in the House of
Commons on the death of Lord Herbert of Lea :
" I had trusted that after I was gone he would lead
the gentlemen of England." We have Douglas Cook,
whom Walter Thornbury caricatured in his novel
' Greatheart' : "A Napoleon of editors indeed, but,
mercy on us ! what a temper ! " The Rev. R. S.
Hawker scrupulously avoided in his conversation
any approach to controversial topics, clerical or lay:
" Directly there seemed a danger of such being
broached, he would rise from his chair by the table
at which he habitually sat, and, leading me to the
window looking out upon the Atlantic, would say,
' There you have my views ; as to my ideas, they
are that, if the human eye could reach so far, you
might see right away to Labrador.'" We have
Carlyle "pointing out to Prince Jerome Napoleon
the perfection of English naval construction," and
winding up with the remark, "If one of our ships
meets a Frenchman of her own size, she blows her
into atoms." We have the nineteenth - century
Thomas and William Longman, who were "the
social princes of their guild : two more finished
gentlemen were never seen at the covert side ; two
more courteous and discriminating judges of writing
never walked from Paternoster Row to the Athe-
iiiuum Club." The Hertfordshire house of the
latter Mr. Escott promises to visit in due course.

The elder brother, outliving William by two years r
continued his hospitality at Farnboroiigh till 1879.
As is well known, the Empress Eugenie purchased
the estate from Mr. T. Norton Longman, and "at
the present time the palace built by an English
publisher is therefore the monument of French
Imperialism."

It is curious to read that until long into the
sixties "the press" for the peerage used to mean
The Times, and that Mr. Markham Spofforth first
discovered " the power of the penny newspaper."

The few extracts we have had space to give show
what a fund of information and amusement Miv
Escott has provided for his readers, and we can
well see that he has plenty more in reserve.

Visitation of England and Wale*. Edited by

Frederick Arthur Crisp. Vol. XIII. (Privately

printed. )

THIS important work steadily increases in value..
The plan on which it is arranged is excellent, and
is most conscientiously carried out. None of the
genealogies goes back to remote times. The pedigrees
given almost all of them begin in the eighteenth
century, and are carried down to the present day.
This is as it should be. The more remote lines of
descent, if they exist, are comnionly accessible in
other works of reference ; but it is most desirable
for us to have in a tabulated form the recent
evolution of contemporary families. If the old
heralds, when they compiled their visitations, had
been as careful as Mr. Crisp, much knowledge
would have been preserved that is now lost beyond
recovery.

The volume before us contains minute details
regarding the modern descent of six peers and three
baronets with their relatives, in a much fuller form
than is to be found elsewhere. These elaborate
compilations must have been a work of immense
labour, and so far as regards the families with
whose history we are acquainted, we are sure that
a high level of accuracy has been arrived at.
Indeed, we have not come upon a single error,
though instances might be pointed out where it
seems to have been impossible to give full details.

Future historians and genealogists, not only of
this country, but of by far the greater part of the
civilized world, cannot but be grateful to Mr.
Crisp ; for the British race is now so widely
scattered that without an elaborate compilation o'f
this nature it would be virtually impossible to trace
the origins of many who in after days may become
noteworthy. As examples we may draw attention
to the fact that in the volume before us the families
of Vidler, Graham, Auden, and Spedding have
colonial representatives.

We are glad to find that the arms of the various
families are given, and a note is furnished in each
case relating to those which are on the register of
the College of Arms.

The pedigree of the present Earl Nelson is most
interesting; we turned to it before reading any
other part of the book. We are pretty sure that
nothing so elaborate can be found elsewhere. The
arms are given in a full-page engraving. They were
granted at a time \vheii Avhat Aye may call the
pictorial heraldry fashionable during a greater part
of the eighteenth century had not become extinct ;
consequently an augmentation was given which is
in the worst possible taste. At the present time
our heraldic authorities have happily become aware
that a coat of arms is a symbol, not 'a picture.

120

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL F KB . 9, 1907.

7'0,,,,-s of LowfeJfow. Selected and with an Intro-
duction by George Saintsbury. (T. C. & E. C.

Poem^of HerricL Selected and with an Intro-
duction by the Rev. Canon Beechmg, D.D.
(Same publishers.)

THOUGH announced as selections, these additions
to Mr Oliphant Smeaton's series 1 he Golden
Poets " are sufficiently comprehensive to be classed
-as works. They contain striking portrait vignettes
And pretty and characteristic designs in colour, and
are delightful possessions. How tasteful is in each
instance the selection is vouched for by the judgment
ad knowledge of the respective editors.
A Dictionary of Political Phrase* and Allusions.
By Hugh Montgomery (Barrister-at-Law) and
Philip G. Cambray. (Sonnenschein & Co.)
THIS latest addition to " Sonnenschein's Reference
Series" is specially useful in newspaper offices. Most
of the phrases explained are of modern employ-
ment and application, as West Riding Case and
Swadeslie Movement. Under heads such as Tory,
however, some archaic information is supplied. A
.short bibliography is given in an appendix.

To " The World's Classics," in the cheap, satis-
factory and attractive series of Mr. Frowde, have
been added The Professor at the Breakfast Table
and The Poet at the Breakfast Table of Oliver
Wendell Holmes, each with an introduction by W.
Robertson Nicoll ; Scott's Lives of the Novelists,
with an interesting preface by Austin Dobson ;
Vol HI. of Edmund Burke, introduced by Frank
H Willis; Thackeray's Pendennis, 2 vols., pre-
faced by Edmund Gosse ; and Sheridan's Plays,
with an introduction by Joseph Knight. These
various works are issued in cloth and in attractive
bindings, and form a worthy addition to a memor-
able series.

AN article of great interest and value is that in
The Fortnightly by Mr. Andrew Lang on ' Shelley's
Oxford Martyrdom.' It is hard to get at the
truth concerning Shelley, who, as every Shelleyan
specialist admits, was mythopoeic himself, and a
cause of mythmaking in others. Concerning the
dons of University College Mr. Lang holds that
" they took a cruel and mean revenge on a boy who
seems to have treated them habitually in a cavalier
manner, and who had now given them an oppor-
tunity." " The conclusion of the whole matter is
that the player of the pranks played one set of
pranks too many, and that his dons seized the
chanoe to get rid of him." Mr. Frances Gribble,
writing on Longfellow, says much that is true, but
is far from doing justice to the merits of some of
his later verse. Mr. Teignmouth Shore writes
sensibly on ' The Craft of the Advertiser.' Mr.
Edgcumbe Staley has some suggestions concerning
the use to which the parks and squares of London
may be put.

WHAT really amounts to a double number of The
Xi H ''teenth Century is largely it maybe said mainly
occupied with the revived Channel Tunnel pro

directed against the scheme published in 1883.
Under the title ' Ibsen's Imperialism ' Mr. William
Archer gives a criticism unfavourable in the main
of the Scandinavian poet's ' Emperor and Gali-
lean.' This dramatic article is flanked by Mr. F. R.

Benson's 'An Attempt to revive the Dramatic
Habit,' and Mr. Baughan's 'The Background of
Drama.' Mr. John Nisbet has an important paper
on ' The Forests of India and their Administration.'
Mr. Adolphus Vane Tempest bewails ' The Decay
of Manners.' Mrs. John Lane writes amusingly, as
usual, on 'The Tragedy of the "Ex'"; and Lord
Burghclere has an elegant rendering of * The
Marriage of Peleus and Thetis ' after Catullus.

MR. LIONEL CUST, M.V.O., writes authoritatively
in The Cornhill on 'The Royal Collection of Pic-
tures,' and gives a highly interesting account of
the share of successive mpnarchs in procuring them.
An edifying article by Sir Algernon West, entitled
* Tempora Mutantur,' awakes some curious recol-
lections of political antagonisms. We could supply
from personal knowledge instances such as are
quoted. 'Under the Red Cross in 1870' supplies
proof of British unpopularity in France at that
epoch. Mr. A. W. Pollard has an important paper
on 'Four Centuries of Book-Prices.' MissMcChesney
has an interesting study of * The Lisbon of Rupert
and Blake.'

THE frontispiece to The Burlington consists of a
superb reproduction of 'The Two Nymphs' of
Palma Vecchio. ' The Gobelin Factory and some
of its Work ' is an excellent and brilliantly illus-
trated article by Lady St. John. Three of the
designs to this are from the French Embassy, Rome.
'The Creation of Eve' is from a drawing by
William Blake in the possession of Mr. Frank
Sabin. A newly discovered portrait by Ambrogio
de Predis, ' The Lady with a Weasel,' by Leonardo
da Vinci, a bust of Beatrice d'Este, and a portrait
of Lucrezio Crivelli, together with ' Cassone Fronts
in American Collections,' are specially noteworthy
features in an excellent number.

We must call special attention to the following
notices :

ON all communications must be written the name
and address of the sender, not necessarily for pub-
lication, but as a guarantee of good faith.

WE cannot undertake to advise correspondents
as to the value of old books and other objects or as
to the means of disposing of them.

H. K. ST. J. S. (" Petty France "). See 6 S. ix.
148, 253, 295, 357, 418.

NOTICE

Editorial communications should be addressed
to " The Editor of 'Notes and Queries'" Adver-
tisements and Business Letters to " The Pub-
lishers " at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery
Lane, B.C.

io s. vii. FKB. 9, loo?.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

THE ATHENAEUM

JOURNAL OF ENGLISH AND FOREIGN LITERATURE, SCIENCE,
THE FINE ARTS, MUSIC, AND THE DRAMA.

THIS WEEK'S ATHENAEUM contains Articles on

MEDIEVAL LONDON. Vol. II. ECCLESIASTICAL. MODERN SPAIN, 1815-1898.

OLD GERMAN LOVE SONGS. THE DESERT AND THE SOWN.

THE LIFE OF ST. COLUMBA BY ST. ADAMNAN.
BY THE LIGHT OF THE SOUL. ISRAEL RANK. THE LAST MIRACLE. MEMOIRS OF

A PERSON OF QUALITY. THE MISTRESS OF AYDON. GOD'S OUTPOST TWO

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LAW BOOKS. CLASSICAL VERSE TRANSLATIONS.

THE STATE OF THE NAVY IN 1907. THE LIFE OF AN EMPIRE. WHEN THE FOREST

MURMURS. " THE SILVER LIBRARY." THE WORLD OF CRIME. NO VUM TESTA

MENTUM LATINE. NO VUM TEST AMENTUM GREECE ET LATINE. THE WORLD'S

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IRISH UNIVERSIPY LEGISLATION. HISTORICAL MANUSCRIPTS COMMISSION.
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FIDELIO. PARADISE LOST.
THE PHILANDERER.

LAST WEEK'S ATHENAEUM contains Articles on

A NEW EDITION OF THE APOCALYPSE.

LIFE AND LETTERS OF LAFCADIO HEARN. THE SPANISH INQUISITION

A LAST RAMBLE IN THE CLASSICS.

NEW NOVELS : A Midsummer Day's Dream ; The Whirlwind ; Springtime ; A Blind Bird's Nest

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Leicester ; Tuck's Post Cards.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.

THE WOOD FIRE ; THE PRICE OF BOOKS ; PROF. ASCOLI.
LITERARY GOSSIP.
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Michael Foster ; Societies ; Meetings Next Week ; Gossip.
FINE ARTS : Blake's Illustrations to Job ; Life of Lord Leighton ; English Illustration in the

Sixties ; Famous Houses of Bath ; A Maker of Old Masters ; Lord Huntingfield's ' Picture Gallery'

at the Old Masters ; A Portrait of Mary, Queen of Scots ; The British School at Rome ; Gossip

Fine Art Exhibitions.

MUSIC : Gossip ; Performances Next Week.
DRAMA : M. Coquelin in the Repertoire Molieriste ; Euripides and the Spirit of his Dramas ; Gossip.

NEXT WEEK'S ATHEN^UM will contain Reviews of

J. McCABE'S BIOGRAPHICAL STUDY OF TALLEYRAND.
J. BEATTIE CROZIER'S THE WHEEL OF WEALTH.

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NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. vn. FED. 9, 1907.

OXFORD UNIVERSITY^ PRESS.
THE SHIRBURN BALLADS, 1585-1616.

Edited from the MS. by ANDREW CLARK.

This Edition exhibits the actual text of the MS. in its present order, with the minimum of change or omission.
Corruptions are conected in the foot-notes. The Introduction contains a minute description of the contents of the MS.
and a general study of contemporary ballad literature.

Demy 8vo, cloth, with 39 Illustrations from Black-Letter Copies, 10. 6d. net. [Immediately,

CAROLINE POETS. Edited by George Saintsbury. 2 vols.

Vol. .1., containing Chamberlayne's 'Pharonnida' and 'England's Jubilee,' Benlowes' ' Theophila,' and the Poems

Vol*!! containing Marmioii's ' Cupid and Psyche': Kynaston's ' Leoline and Sydanis and Cynthiades'; Poems of
John Hall 'Sydney G<>dolphin, and Philip Ayres Chalkhill's 'Thealma and Clearchus'; Poems of Patrick Carey and
William Hammond ; Bosworth's Arcadius and Sepha,' &c. 8vo, cloth, 10s. 6d. net each.

NOTES AND QUERIES. Vol. I. : "With the completion of the series of poets another obligation will be incurred
to that great and spirited institution the Clarendon Press. Works of this class offer a special attraction to the scholar.

For ourselves they have wonderful fascination Prof. Saintsbury's introduction and his comments generally are worthy

of that brilliant scholar." Vol. II. : " So much added interest attends the second volume of Mr. Saintsbury's ' Caroline

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121

LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY JU, 1907.

CONTENTS.-No. 164.

3JOTES : Was Charles Lamb of Jewish Extraction ? 121
Thomas Seward Westminster Changes, 1906, 122 Peti-
tion of the Prince of Monaco Oxford Graduates, 1675-84
School Slang at Rossall, 125 Parish Bull and Boar
.Blunder of a Translator of the Vulgate Tartar Legend
of Alexander the Great " Impecuniosity "" Incon-
siderative," 126 Sir Henry Wotton at Venice West
Indian Hurricane Lore Stepney Court Eolls Benjamin
Kennet, Vicar of Bradford, 127.

QUERIES : " Moaler "Carlo Goldoni's Bicentenary, 127
Hugh Miller of Virginia ' The Cornworthiad' ' Edin-
burgh Review ' Attack on Oxford Dean Vaughan's Pupils

Langtry Estate in Ireland Corrodies: " Liber ser-
v i ens " Hickford's Room, Brewer Street The English
Translator of Sallust The People's Charter : Political
Song, 128 Picture of Lady in Red Wolston Sir George
Howard, Field-Marshal "Life-Star" Folk-lore, 129
Andrew Marvell Heenvliet and Lord Wotton's Daughter
People to be Avoided or Cultivated, 130.

SI EPLI ES : Scott Illustrators, 130 Edinburgh Stage:
Bland : Glover : Jordan, 131 Sir John Barnard's De-
scendants, 132 "Blue- water "'Collection of Thoughts'
Cardinal Wiseman's Tomb Ruskin's Parents " The
Mahalla " " The Maghzen," 133 Meaux Abbey Con-
-Contraction Religious Houses of Sussex Orwell Town
and Haven Healing Springs flowing towards the South,
134" Bossing " St. George's Chapel Yard, Oxford Road,
135 Pictures at Teddington "Popjoy" "Anon"-
Californian English : American Coin-Names, 136 Dole
Cupboards Genealogy in Dumas " Poor Dog Tray "
"The Old Highlander" Monumental Inscriptions:
St. Faith Jerusalem Court, Fleet Street, 137.

:NOTES ON BOOKS : " The Stratford Town Shakespeare "

Lodge's ' Rosalynde ' Maguire's ' Historic Links '
' Willing's Press Guide.'

'Booksellers' Catalogues.
Notices to Correspondents.

Jioto.

CHARLES LAMB : WAS HE OF
JEWISH EXTRACTION ?

WHEREAS, says the Talmud, Ezekiel
paints the life and pageantry of Courts
with the gorgeousness of an awestruck
countryman, Isaiah describes them with
the air of a surfeited sightseer. Charles
Lamb seems to embrace both aspects of
those prophetical figures. When he talks of
familiar themes, of his friends and relations,
of theatres and actors, of South Sea House
or of the old Benchers of the Inner Temple,
he is on ground where Leigh Hunt or
Hazlitt does not surpass him in sobriety and
detachment. His aloofness is superb, and
the soul of the Aryan shines resplendently
in him. But when he launches into a
dissertation on roast pig, or tackles the
bewildering topic of Jews, he loses his
habitual reserve, and seems to borrow the
abandon, the warmth, and the energy of the
Semite. Whether in fun or earnest no one
knows for certain, but he lays to and
'belabours the unhappy Israelites with the

zeal of a fanatic, and extols the material
joys of " crackling " with a savage gusto
born of a newly appropriated taste. His
apparent affection for sucking-pig displays
the warmth of a virtuoso and the keenness
of a proselyte. All this time he may be
laughing up his sleeve at us. Those habits of
mystification were carried to extraordinary
lengths, till we never know whether he is not,
after all, poking fun at us.

Now, unless I am grossly misled, this unique
divergence from his normal style and method
can only be accounted for on the assumption
of a mental twist due to Semitic in-breeding
or cross-fertilization. Of an unhappy fer-
ment within him Lamb was quite conscious,
for he often alludes to it in the oddest of
self-communings and in the most pathetic
of self-questionings. Probably his worldly-
wise brother (who knew all about it) might
have enlightened him, had he thought fit
(which he did not).

I have already alluded to Lamb's ingrained
love of mystification, which, if my deduc-
tions are valid, we may fearlessly set down
to hereditary influences and to ancestral
instincts. So far, the family history ends
in Lincoln, whence John Lamb came up to
London to seek his fortune. Lamb's own
account of his remarkable parent contains
matter for lively speculation. He seems to
have been a man of parts and of ability
above the common run, with a heart as
tender as a woman's. " He had the merriest
quips and conceits, and was altogether as
brimful of rogueries and inventions as you
could desire." Such a man was not " born
to serve his brethren," but became in course
of time the major domo and the close friend
of his employer Salt. His fidelity and devo-
tion to Salt's interests were the outcome
of gratitude for spontaneous acts of gene-
rosity on the part of the famous old Bencher.
Now gratitude is one of the root-traits of
the Jewish race. However, if John Lamb
knew all about the history of his family and
of its wanderings, we may be sure the lad, on
coming up to town, soon learnt the wisdom
of reticence. Jews were not exactly popular
idols. The country seethed from end to end
with subdued hatred of them, and it flamed
out violently when Henry Pelham in 1753
brought in the detested Naturalization Bill.
In his daily rambles about the City, John
saw around him everywhere the odious
" No Jews, no wooden shoes," chalked up
on walls and hoardings by a howling and
infuriated mob. Well, John's sympathies,
we may be sure, were not with the tor-
mentors of those hapless wanderers ; for

122

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. vn. FEB. re, 1907.

Charles Lamb has told us, " In the cause
of the oppressed he never considered
inequalities or calculated the number of his
opponents." Furthermore, to judge from
Lamb's portrait in the Guildhall and from
De Quincey's not unfavourable criticism, it
would appear that the founders of the family
were originally Spanish Jews " Marranos "
or crypto-Hebrews furtively practising the
religion of their ancestors (after passing
through the waters of baptism and swearing
fealty to the Apostolic Church) until they
were betrayed by the cupidity of spies, and
compelled to fly for safety to Holland,
whence, later in the seventeenth century,
branches of the family migrated to Lincoln,
where they settled down and intermarried
with local non- Jewish elements.

Within the limits at my disposal, I can
only say briefly that there is nothing in
Elia's writings, biographical and epistolary,
which is a priori incompatible with my
hypothesis. The tragedy of his life is the
story of Israel retold. His letters in par-
ticular are an inexhaustible mine where
students of heredity will find ample subject-
matter. Such unadulterated humour could
only be beaten out on the anvil of profound
human agony. Israel is the living embodiment
of this. Despite its countless vicissitudes,
Israel still retains the heart of its boyhood
and the freshness of its youth.

M. L. R. BRESLAR.

Percy House, South Hackney.

THOMAS SEWARD.

A FEW details relating to Thomas Seward
(see ante, p. 83) may be added to the notices
in the ' D.N.B.' and in the volume of ' Ad-
missions to the College of St. John the
Evangelist, Cambridge,' Part III., ed. by
R. F. Scott, 1903.

He was a brother of the William Seward,
gent., " companion in travel with the
Reverend Mr. George Whitefield," who
published in 1740 a journal of a voyage from
Savannah to Philadelphia, and from Phila-
delphia to England. It is stated in this
journal (p. 82) that after Lord Charles
Fitzroy's death Thomas Seward was chaplain
to a man-of-war commanded by Lord
Augustus Fitzroy, and that a benefice worth
400Z. a year was given him by Lord Bur-
lington. This was no doubt the rectory of
Eyam, which is still in the gift of the Caven-
dish family.

It would appear from Dr. Johnson's
letter to Taylor and from Gray's letter to

Mason that in 1742, and again in 1755, he-
desired to exchange this living for a chap-
laincy on the establishment of the Lord
Lieutenant of Ireland, then a Cavendish.
(Johnson's ' Letters,' ed. Hill, i. 10 ; Gray's;
' Letters,' ed. Tovey, i. 282). The centenary
sermon which he preached in 1766 upon, the-
plague at Eyam is referred to in William
Seward's ' Anecdotes ' (1798 ed.), ii. 113 % .

A stanza by Dr. Darwin, one line of which
sets out that " by Seward's arm the mangled
Beaumont bled," is quoted in Ernst Krause's
'Life of Erasmus Darwin' (1887), p, 41.
John Byrom on 13 April, 1737, " drank
green tea " with him, and talked " about
his correction upon ' Timon ' " ('Remains,'
ii. pt. i. 104). A long letter from him to
Sir William Bunbury, pointing out in the-
name of Sir Thomas Hanmer some mistakes
in Warburton's edition of Shakespeare, is;
in Hanmer's ' Correspondence,' pp. 352-70.

Seward's wife died on 31 July, 1780,
aged 66. His second daughter died June'
1764, aged 19, "on the eve of her nuptials."
Mother and daughter were buried in the
" lady-choir " of Lichfield Cathedral. Several:
other daughters and one brother died in
infancy (Gent. Mag., 1781, p. 624 ; 1809,.
pt. i. 378). Seward wrote the poetical
inscription on the temporary monument to
Gilbert Walmesley (ib., 1785, pt. i. 166).

When Green was made Bishop of Lincoln
the claims of Seward, their common friend,
to a prebendal stall in that cathedral were
urged upon him by Bishop Newton. Green
promised to keep them in mind, but said
that he was " then engaged eleven deep."
When fifteen years had passed the bishop
offered Seward a stall, but he asked that he
might waive his claim in favour of Hunter,
his wife's nephew (Newton, ' Autobiog '
1782 ed., pp. 113-14).

Anna Seward left to Sir Walter Scott a
manuscript collection of her father's poems, .
some of which were unpublished (' Poems :
of Anna Seward,' i. p. iv, &c.).

W. P. COURTNEY.

WESTMINSTER CHANGES, 1906.
(See ante, p. 81.)

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10 s. VIL FKB. 16, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

123

this road old houses with long front
gardens were demolished in May to make
way for the head- quarters and drill hall of
the Westminster Dragoons. The founda-
tion stone was laid at the commencement
of July, and has remained gaunt and
grim, nothing more having been done.
The Golden "Grain Bread Company went
into liquidation during the year, and the
extensive premises, 99 to 105, Horseferry
Road, were closed. They were offered at
auction, but did not secure a purchaser.

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builder's hand, has of late years become
the centre of his handiwork. The two houses
late in the occupation of Messrs. Budd and
Allclmrch were demolished in March, and
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Westminster Technical Institute at once
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several months the works were at a stand-
still, though it is stated that they will
speedily be completed by the L.C.C. On
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Bridge Road, at the corner of Alfred Street,
a piece of ground imoccupied for many years
is now being utilized for the erection of a
hospital for the treatment of infantile
disorders. It is to be known as the Infants'
Hospital, the secretary being Mr. E. R.
Jarratt, of 120, Victoria Street, S.W. The
work is at present being carried on at
Denning Road, Hampstead. The plot of
ground between the square and Rochester
Row had not, at the end of the year, found
a purchaser, but rumour says that the Royal
Horticultural Society finds the accommoda-
tion of its recently erected hall not sufficient
for its requirements, and has had some idea
of buying this plot of ground ; but apparently
nothing definite has been decided on, as
the old tenants still remain in possession.

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addition of four large rooms (one on each
floor) to the warehouse belonging to the
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description of the building.

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ng of the new bridge.

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n 26 May. The structure has been much
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av our able. The bridge has some pecu-
iarities in design, notably the balustrades..
'.t is a useful structure, and appears to be
,vell suited for its purpose. The electrifica-
ion of the roadway began on 27 February,
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D resident of the Local Government Board, .
3eing a passenger. The work of preparing
;he road was very arduous, particularly at
;he junction with Edward Street, where
:he gas mains, sewers, and other pipes
required careful management. At the junc-
tion with Francis Street and Tachbrook
Street there was also some heavy work in
connexion with lowering the crown of the
King's Scholars' Pond Sewer, in order to
obviate an awkward rise in the road. I
would refer readers to The Westminster and
Pimlico News of 23 March, 1906, where I
published a short account of this old sewer.
The building known as Hopkinson House,
at the corner of Vauxhall Bridge Road and
Edward Street, was completed early in the
year, and occupied at once, but was officially
opened by Sir John Wolfe Barry on 22 March, .
and has already been declared to fill the want
that was stated to exist at the time of the
nception of the idea. An interesting
account of the opening ceremony appeared
in The Daily Graphic. A plot of land
between Regency Street and Causton Street,
from which many years ago the houses
were removed, was further enlarged by the
demolition of another house in Vauxhall
Bridge Road. On the opposite side of the
road, the building alluded to in last year's
summary as being placed upon the site of a
portion of Lane's Laundry, which in its turn
succeeded Bass's Assembly Rooms, was com-
pleted, and was forthwith occupied as show-
rooms, garage, and depot for the Decauville
motor-cars and for motor accesssories.

About the middle of the year some ex-
tensive repairs were found necessary at
Holy Trinity Church, situated in Bessborough
Gardens, justly spoken of as a " beautiful
modern example of the Early Decorated
style " ; and it may be mentioned as being
one of the first ecclesiastical structures
which we owe to the eminent architect the
late Mr. J. L. Pearson, R.A. It was the
gift of Archdeacon Bentinck, the prede-
cessor of Dr. Christopher Wordsworth (after-

124

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL FEB. IG, 1907.

wards Bishop of Lincoln) at Westminster
\bbey The first stone was laid by Mrs.
Bentinck in November, 1842, the consecra-
tion taking place in 1852 There have
been three incumbents : the Rev. C. F.
Secretan; the Rev. W. Rayner Cosens,
DD. ; and the present vicar, the Rev.
George Miller, who has held the living for
thirty-six years. Some of the stonework
had so far decayed that an accident was
feared, as many of the blocks were, by the
acids of the atmosphere, much in the state
of bars of salt.

The buildings in Bulmga Street and
Atterbury Street went on well, the Army
Military College, in the latter thoroughfare,
being in a forward state, while the Alexandra
Military Nursing Home, in the former street,
with another frontage to Earl Street, will
soon be ready for opening. I find that the
Army Hospital was officially opened on
1 July, 1905, a fact I could not ascertain
last year. The temporary bridge which
did duty during the rebuilding of Vauxhall
Bridge is to be removed ; but the end of the
year did not witness the commencement
of this work.

In Regency Street about five or six years
ago some alterations were begun, but lagged
very much. Between Page Street and
Vincent Street three large blocks of resi-
dences named Norfolk, Probyn, and Jessel
Houses, after the first three Mayors of the
reconstituted City of Westminster were
begun in 1901, and have been occupied for
some time. At the corner of Page Street was
formerly situated the Regent Music-Hail,
one of the best-designed buildings devoted
to public amusements. Its proprietor was
Mr. Shedlock, a gentleman connected for
many years with the old brewery firm of
Joseph Carter, Wood & Son. The venture
was not a success, the entertainments being,
as a rule, much in advance of the day, as
was the case with the Strand Music-Hall,
the predecessor of the old Gaiety Theatre.
The architect of the hall was Mr. Ridley,
a well-known member of the Westminster
Vestry.

During the year just closed the old West-
minster Radical Club, at the corner of
Chapter Street, was, with some other houses,
demolished, and on the ground thus cleared
some flats have been erected ; they are
numbered 40 to 44 Regency Street, 2 to 16
Chapter Street, 1 to 12 Frederick Street,
and 27 to 42 Hide Place. On a portion of
the land cleared, from the hall used by the
Salvation Army to the corner of Causton
Street, a large building is in progress for

the Commissioners of the Metropolitan
Police.

In Strutton Ground, on the west side, six
houses 20 to 30, even numbers have
been demolished, and the land is open for
purchase by the highest bidder. On the
opposite side, at the corner of Great Peter
Street, a house (No. 51) reported to be a
dangerous structure was summarily closed
by police authority on Wednesday, 16 May,
the people being then and there ejected ;
almost immediately the house was demolished,
and no building has yet been raised in its
place. The new wing of the Greycoat
Hospital, erected by the governors in order
that the teaching staff might have increased
accommodation, was duly completed, the
formal opening taking place on Monday,
22 October, when a large concourse of West-
minster people was present. It is worthy of
note that Mr. Clement Y. Sturge, L.C.C.,
generously gave some very beautiful carvings,
which adorn the chimneypieces in the various
classrooms, whereby the beauty of the build-
ing is much enhanced. I think that this
completes my summary of the changes in
the parish of St. John the Evangelist for the
past year.

Those for St. Margaret's are not quite so
numerous, but some of them are of con-
siderable interest. First, as of right, come
the extensive works completed, so far as
the parish church is concerned, and in
progress so far as relates to Westminster
Abbey. The alterations in connexion with
the latter structure are of much magnitude,
and several years will elapse before the
works in the north transept and north aisle
are finished. The scheme for the venerable
Abbey, which will occupy five years and
cost 20,OOOZ. so said The People of 15 July
last embraces part of the great north
recessed portico, and the whole of the north
transept. The stonework and beautiful
rose window are much decayed and fretted
the effect of time and London's highly
charged chemical atmosphere, which is
very detrimental to Bath stone. Many of
the sensational stories now current are
entirely devoid of foundation.

The various works at St. Margaret's
Church the rebuilding of the east wall,
underpinning the south-east corner of the
south aisle, and reloading the fine old
east window were successfully accom-
plished. The extended chancel was dedi-
cated by the Bishop of London on the
afternoon of Sunday, 15 July. The new
reredos looked somewhat garish when first
exposed to view, but since that time it has

10 s. vii. FEB. 16, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

125

mellowed very considerably, and seems
more in keeping with the sober aspect of
the other portions of this famous old build-
ing. The work thus brought to a successful
issue was costly, but now, seen in its entirety,
is a distinct gain from every point of view.

To the dormitory of Westminster School,
as may be seen from Great College Street,
there has been added an additional story,
to be devoted to the purpose, at least in part,
of an isolation ward in case of infectious
illnesses, though I hope that it may not be
needed for this purpose.

W. E. HARLAND-OXLEY.

Westminster.

(To be concluded.}

PETITION or THE PRINCE OF MONACO.
The following is a translation of the original
inedited draft, in my possession, of a petition
from the Prince of Monaco to the celebrated
Carnot in 1794. The Prince and Princess
were both imprisoned under the Terror.
He survived ; she cut off her beautiful hair,
refused to save her life by falsely pleading
being enceinte, and died heroically.

Petition to the National Convention.

Citizens, An infirm old man, aged more than
70 years, finds himself shut up for five months past
in a house of arrest, where his health deteriorates,
111 1 til he is in clanger of losing life ; this man,
Citizens, who appeals now to your justice, and
indeed the protection and assistance that the
French Nation has so many times promised him, is
Honore Camille Leonor Grimaldi, formerly Prince
Sovereign of Monaco, an ancient ally of France,
who has always manifested the most sincere and
constant attachment for her, and who thought he
had sufficiently proved^ it by the ' Memoir ' which
lie addressed to the National Convention, 26 Fri-
maire ; and to whom, finally, your Diplomatic
Committee sent, in making, 11 Fri e , 1793, their
Report upon the reunion that they had decreed of
his country to the French Republic, and said that
you would always give protection and a safeguard
for all that could belong to him, in the character of
a simple citizen.

To the Memoir addressed to the National Con-
vention, 26 Frimaire, which was sent back to its
Committee of Public Safety and Health, Honore
Grimaldi adds now the writing here subjoined ; he
proves that from any point of view, the former
Prince of Monaco cannot be considered as a suspect
to the French Nation, nor arrested as such, when
above all he has not gone out of Paris since the
Revolution, and that he always believed in it, in
such a manner as to drive away any suspicion. He
is constrained, Citizens, to add the reason, that if
there is a country in the world where the liberty of
Honore Grimaldi ought to have been more scrupu-
lously respected than another, it is in France,
where he has preferred to dwell with more confi-
dence than he had for any place, counting on living
there in peace and tranquillity, under the safeguard
and protection that the French Nation has guaran-
teed to him, and that your Diplomatic Committee

had passed and consolidated in the Report that
they had made on it, 14 Fri., 1793.

Honore Grimaldi demands, Citizens, that the
writing annexed to the Petition here drawn up
should be joined to the Memorial which he sent
back to the National Convention, 26 Frimaire,
and which it has returned to the Committee of
Public Safety and Health ; and he prays you, in the
name of the humanity and justice with which you
are animated, to charge these two Committees to
make a prompt Report upon that u-hich concerns
htm, the object of his appeal.

Honore Grimaldi ix rery *orry, prays you also,
Citizens, to divert, for an inutant, the National
Con cention from the important irork* which occupy
it unceasingly, but if it will deiyn to observe that it
is an old infirm man, an ally and dependent of the
French Nation, who has not merited any reproach
to make him apprehensive on his part, and who yet
has been detained for nearly five months past, they
irill^ not fail to find it very natural that he shouldf
claim hi* liberty, and will take into consideration'
the position in which he finds himself, and in re-
ceiving favourably his appeal, the National Con-
vention will prove to all Europe that it will be
rather justice than force that it will consider in the
appeals that other Allies may address to it.

At Paris, 12 Pluviose.

Note. It will seem proper to copy entire the
article of the Report of the Citizen Carnot which

.y concerned, concerns my person.

The italicized words are crossed out in.
the original. The words " to divert " in the
second line of the last paragraph of the
petition should have been crossed out.

D. J.

OXFORD GRADUATES, 1675-84. In the
' Calendar of the Ormonde MSS.,' new series,.
vol. iv., recently issued by the Historical
Manuscripts Commission, there is a long
series of letters from Ormonde as Chancellor,
asking for various dispensations, &c., for
more than 300 Oxford men. This list should
be noted by all who are interested, for in
many cases biographical facts are mentioned.
The letters occupy pp. 599-641, and the
names are indexed on pp. 710-13.

fel( W. C. B.

SCHOOL SLANG AT ROSSALL. It may be
worth while to put on record in ' N. & Q.'
the slang in use at Rossall in July, 1906
school terminology so quickly changes.

1. The following abbreviations were in
vogue : Mu(seum), sani(torium), hos(pital),
puni(shment school), compul(sory cricket,
football, or hockey), enter(tainment).

2. The last is on the borderline of the
formations originated at Harrow, and since
disseminated everywhere : brekker (= break-
fast), Blacker (= Blackpool), collegger (= col-
lection). Perhaps other formations like
these, however, are dying out : " exhibigger"
(exhibition) is dead.

3. More distinctive are : scanty (a small

126

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL FEB. i<;, 1907.

roll, by masters called a cob) ; Flood (Fleet-
wood), biff (=to cane), stub (in one house
"root "=kick), gut (=to guzzle), dak
.(=doctor), clew (= to hit), blood ( = a pro-
minent boy).

4. Of the American type were : mystery
bag (= rissole, or meatball), private tu(ition)
with the guntz ( = punishment school in

charge of a sergeant).

5. Idioms used were : It 's rip ( = delight-
ful), to stick it ( = endure, stand it), Is there
a bully (crowd) at the tuck (shop) ? It 's on
bell (nearly time for the bell to ring).

T. N.

PARISH BULL AND BOAR. The following
is a sixteenth-century action for consequen-
tial damage to parishioner Yelding, through
the failure of parson Fay to observe the
parish custom for the parson to keep the
above animals :

" Trinity 36 Eliz. rot. 948. Accion sur le case per
Yelding yers Fay, et declare que le custome del
parish fuit que le parson ad gara un Bull et un Boar
pur Fincrease del cattle des inhabitants deins le
parish : et montre que le def esteant parson et le pi'
inhabitant, le def n'ad garde le Bull n'un Boar per
4 ans ensemble al damage le pi'. Le def prise le
custome per protestation, et le plea noil cntp\ Et
adjudge sur demurrer pro quer', quia 1'accion gist."

MISTLETOE.

BLUNDER OF A TRANSLATOR OF THE
VULGATE. A curious blunder in the A.-S.
translation of Exod. xv. 1 may occasion
trouble to the student of ' Eadwine's
Canterbury Psalter' (E.E.T.S.), wherein
" equum et ascensorem " (Canticum Moysi,
v. 1) are rendered " Emlice & aestigende."
Emlice, for efenlice, points, of course, to the
translator having read equum as cequum.

H. P. L.

TARTAR"* LEGEND OF ALEXANDER THE
GREAT. To vol. xxi. of the Transactions of
the Society for the Study of Archaeology,
&c., in connexion with Kazan University'
Mr. N. Y. Sarkin contributes the following
Kirghiz tradition of Alexander of Macedon
'(Iskander Zu'1-karnein). The monarch had
horns, the existence of which his subjects
did not suspect. As Iskander feared that
the rumour would conduce to his death,
every barber was killed after completing
his task on the prince. Gratification of
every earthly wish was not enough to satisfy
him, and having heard of the water of
immortality lie sent two vizirs, Kidir and
Elias, in quest of it. During their absence
Iskander required the services of a barber,
and on this occasion promised to spare the
man's life if he could keep the secret. The
barber did so for some time, but reticence

became intolerable, so he whispered the secret
into a well. The fishes heard, repeated it
all over the steppe, and a herdsman watering
his flocks learned it. The prince's time to
die arrived, and when the emissaries returned
with the water it was too late to save him.
The vizirs Kidir and Elias became immortal,
the former of whom wanders invisibly over
the earth, seeking to aid good men, while
the latter chiefly watches over cattle. Some
Kirghiz believe that rain is the water of
immortality, while the vizirs appear to
correspond to " the Christian prophets "
Elijah and Elisha.*

While in the act of procuring the water
Kidir and Elias noticed a stranger, and
asked who he was and his business, remark-
ing that he seemed to be a Mussulman
(Eastern tradition says that Iskander \vas a
Mussulman, a hard case to explain). The
stranger reported that he was also a great
prince whose every mortal wish had been
fulfilled. Like Iskander, he desired im-
mortality and quaffed of the spring. After
a while his empire fell away, misfortunes
came, and he went forth a wanderer over
the world. Weary of earthly life, the
stranger would have renounced both soul and
body, were that possible ; but God did not
permit it. Having fled the world, he had
arrived at the spring again.

Needless to say, we have the stories of
the asinine ears of the foolish Midas of
Phrygia and the Wandering Jew, occurring
in a strange conglomeration of Greek, Sla-
vonic, and Christian tradition, attached to
the name of Alexander the Great.

FRANCIS P. MARCHANT.
Streatham Common.

" IMPECUNIOSITY." In the ' N.E.D.' the
first use of this word is given in a letter from
Sir Walter Scott to Mr. Morritt of Eokeby,
dated 1818. In the Globe edition of Gold-
smith, Prof. Masson, the editor, states in
his introduction (p. xxii) that the w^ord was
invented by Hiffernan, a contemporary of
Goldsmith. W. E. WILSON.

Ha wick.

" INCONSIDERATIVE." The ' H.E.D.' con-
tains only one quotation, and that of the
year 1684, illustrating the use of the word
" inconsiderative." In ' A Vindication of
the Divines of the Church of England,' &c.
(London, 1689), ascribed by the Catalogue
of the British Museum to T. Bainbrigg (100,
i. 3), one finds, p. 12, these words: "are

* Cf. the shadowy thunder-deity Ilya Muromets.
In one of Lermontov's Eastern tales Khaderiliaz
designates St. George.

io s. VIL FEB. 16, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

127

anconsiderative to Amazement, of the Prior
Obligation they are under to their Religion."
E. S. DODGSON.

SIR HENRY WOTTON AT VENICE. A very
beautiful stained-glass window has been
placed in the English Church at Venice to
the memory of Sir Henry Wotton. (By
.the by, is it not somewhat strange that we
moderns always speak of the man by his
baptismal name, while to those who knew
him personally at Eton he was invariably
" Sir Harry " ?) The window is due to
Helen, Countess of Radnor, who thought of
it, and who partially gave and partially
collected the money. The quarterings of the
Wotton coat are accurate ; but it may be as
well to place upon record that the crest
is inaccurate, unless Burke and other high
authorities are to be ignored. The motto is
also inaccurate, being copied from dear,
unreliable Walton, instead of from Sir
Henry's own seal, an impress of which is
now in Somerset House. M. E. W.

WEST INDIAN HURRICANE LORE. In
Jamaica they have this " hurricane " rime,
which shows that from the end of June to
October navigation sho*uld be suspended in
view of storms. Nevertheless the worst
hurricane I remember occurred in the first
week of October, 1866.

June, too soon ;
July, stand by ;
August, you must ;
September, remember ;
October all over.

FRANCIS KING.

^ STEPNEY COURT ROLLS. I have recently
bought a small book, ' The Customs, &c., of
Stepney and Hackney Manors,' dated inside
the cover 1736; but the customs refer to
1617, and there are long lists of copyhold
tenants, which would probably help many
inquirers interested in those manors. I
^wanted the name Warton or Wharton about
1736-1761, of Schoolhouse Lane. Thomas
Wentworth was the chief landlord in both
places. A. C. H.

BENJAMIN KENNET, VICAR OF BRADFORD.
In the library of Sion College is a copy of
the following sermon :

The Manifold Evidence of the Being of a God
considered, &c. in a Sermon, Preached in the Parish
Church of Bradford, on Sunday September 16th
1744. By B. Kennet, M.A. Vicar of Bradford.
Leeds. Printed by James Lister. l~4o. Small
4to, 12 leaves ; text Hebrews xi. 6.
This copy has the preacher's manuscript
dedication to the Bishop of London (Ed-

mund Gibson), who, twenty-six years before,
got him, " an obscure person," a dispensation
to be privately ordained by the Bishop of
Oxford (John Potter, a native of Wakefield),
" now " Archbishop of Canterbury ; dated
Bradford in Yorkshire, 9 March, 1744/5.

Benjamin Kennet's pedigree is set out in
Joseph Hunter's 'Familiae Minorum Gen-
tium,' ii. 520-21 . Mary Kennet, his third wife,
and widow, made her will 8 Oct., 1753, being
then of Wakefield. In it she mentions her
late brother William Dawson, Walker Daw-
son his son, and Catherine his daughter ; her
own son Richard and her daughter Hannah,
and her sister Mrs. Hannah Allott. The
will was proved at York 2 Aug., 1754.

On 16 Feb., 1807, by royal grant, Benjamin
Kennet of Wakefield, Esq. son and heir of
Benjamin Kennet of Manchester, merchant,
who was the son of the above-mentioned
vicar of Bradford by Mary Stockdale, his
second wife was authorized to use the sur-
name of Dawson in addition to that of
Kennet ; and on the 26th of the same month
he had a grant of arms, quarterly, Dawson
and Kennet, with a crest for each.

W. C. B.

WE must request correspondents desiring in-
formation on family matters of only private interest
to affix their names and addresses to their queries,
in order that answers may be sent to them direct.

" MOALER." What is (or was) a " moaler
lamp " ? It is mentioned in 1843, in the
report of an action brought against the
Eastern Counties Railway Company. What
is the origin of the word ? I should be glad
of any other examples of its occurrence.

HENRY BRADLEY.

Clarendon Press, Oxford.

CARLO GOLDONI'S BICENTENARY. In con-
nexion with the celebration of the bicentenary
of Carlo Goldoni's death, which is to take
place in Venice towards the end of this
month, I venture to draw attention to the
fact that at the time of his death in Paris
his private papers got lost, and that there is
some ground for believing that they were
conveyed to England and consigned to
the repository of some private collection, as
happened in the case of Rosalba Carriera's
papers, now in the Laurentian Library,
Florence. Perhaps one of your numerous
readers will be able to give me some infor-
mation as to the whereabouts of Goldoni's
papers, now missing. G. A. S.

128

NOTES AND QUERIES, no s. VIL FEB. IG, 1907.

HUGH MILLER OF VIRGINIA. I should
much obliged for information as to t
birthplace, parentage, whereabouts of re
dence at time of death, age at death,
burial-place, of Hugh Miller, merchant
Greenscroft, Bristol parish, Virginia, lat
of London, England, who died in Londo
13 Feb., 1762. His will, recorded a
Somerset House, gives no information o
the above points, but mentions his Scottis
cousins Freebairn, and relations in Virgin
of his wife, Jane Boiling. He was o
9 Sept., 1757, appointed first master
Blandford Lodge of Freemasons in Virgini
WILLIAM SCOT.
Charles Street, Somerset East, Cape Colony.

'THE CORNWORTHIAD.' Can any Wyke
hamist tell me where I may find a copy o
' The Cornworthiad,' a poem commemoratin
Mr. Barter, of Cornworthy, Devon, and h
three notable sons, Charles of Sarsden
Brudenell of Highclere, and Robert, Warde
of Winchester. W T ICCAMICUS.

' EDINBURGH REVIEW ' ATTACK ON Ox
FORD. In 1810 there appeared in Th
Edinburgh Review a vehement attack o
Oxford studies and on classical learning
Of the three articles which contained i
one was written by D. K. Sandford, wh
afterwards recanted and expressed regret
I shall be grateful to any one who can te
me the authors of the other two. W._T.

DEAN VAUGHAN'S PUPILS. At Don
caster, and when Master of the Temple
the late Dean of Llandaff took, gratuitously
clerical pupils. I have always heard them
spoken of as Vaughan's " doves." In the
' Daily Mail Year-Book ' for this year I find
on p. 93 that the present Archbishop o
Canterbury is mentioned as having been one
of his "lambs." Will one of the many
former pupils who may see this inquiry tel
me which name was usually applied to the
men trained by the Dean ?

STAPLETON MARTIN.
The Firs, Norton, Worcester.

LANGTRY ESTATE IN IRELAND. Will some
one kindly inform me where the estate in
Ireland of Mr. Langtry (father-in-law of
the well-known actress) was situated ?
I wish also to know the name and area of
the property adjoining it, which belonged
until about 1855 to one John Burke.

ERIN.

CORRODIES : " LIBER SERVIENS." I have
a copy of a grant of a corrody by an alien
abbey. The grantee is to be the "liber

serviens " of the abbot. What is the mean-
ing of this term ? I shall be glad to be
referred to printed copies of similar docu-
ments, as there is an omission of some word
or words in the list of articles to be yearly
supplied by the abbey, which comparison of
other grants ought to enable me to supply.

Q. V.

HICKFORD'S ROOM, BREWER STREET.
It is interesting to learn from The Musical!
Times that this long-forgotten concert-room,
is still in existence. For thirty-five years,
during the middle of the eighteenth century,,
it was a much-frequented and fashionable
resort, but, as the neighbourhood changed
and other halls were erected, it gradually
sank into oblivion. The building now forms
part of the premises of the Club Franais.
Perhaps some reader of ' N. & Q.' wili
contribute information as to its history.

FREDERICK T. HIBGAME.
13, Westbourn Place, Clifton, Bristol.

THE ENGLISH TRANSLATOR OF SALLUST..
In Thomas Cogan's ' Haven of Health r
(chap. 242, p. 287, ed. 1636) there is a curious
reference to the mutilation " that Master
Smith, a canon of Hereford, practised upon
limself in the beginning of the raigne of the
queene's majesty that now is." This imi-
tator of Origen is stated in the margin to be-
' the translator of Salust into English."
This I take to be Simon Smith, who held
the stall of Huntingdon in 1561, was arch-
deacon in 1578, and died in 1606. Cogan's
>ook first appeared in 1596, so that Queen
Elizabeth is the monarch intended, and
he came to the throne in 1558. But what
s meant by the assertion that Smith was the
ranslator of Sallust ? The early translators
of the Latin historian were Alexander
Barclay (1520), Thomas Heywood (1608),
nd W. Crosse (1629). If the allusion is to-
aluste du Bartas, our bibliographers seem
o have missed this translation by " Master
mith." WILLIAM E. A. AXON.

THE PEOPLE'S CHARTER : POLITICAL SONG.
In the summer of 1838 there was launched

le historic " People's Charter," which was;
;o play so important a part in the political
listory of this country during the next

ecade ; and various accounts have ap-
>eared of the origin of the name. The credit
'or its creation has sometimes been given
o O'Connell ; while, according to Charles

ackay in his * Forty Years' Recollections '
vol. ii. p. 50), " the Charter derived its

ame from the French Charter of 1830,"

lough, in point of fact, the French Charter

10 s. vii. FEB. 16, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

129

dated from 1814, and it was its alleged viola
tion in 1830 which precipitated the Revolu
tion of July. But, apart from any recollec
tion of Magna Carta or the Great Charter
as a symbol of liberty, the word must have
been familiar in a special sense to the older
Radicals of that day. A full report was
published by William Hone in 1820 of the
proceedings at the inquest upon John Lees
one of the victims of the Peterloo Massacre
at Manchester on 16 August, 1819 ; and, ii
the course of the cross-examination of one
Robert Hall by Mr. Harmer, a solicitor
engaged by the Radicals, there was this
passage dealing with the witness's statement
that he had seen carried in the procession a
black flag with the word " Death " upon it :

" Q. Why do you say that there was only
'Death'? Was it not 'Death or Liberty'?
A . I don't know whether it was ' Liberty or
Death,' or 'Death or Liberty.'

' ' Q. But was it one or the other ? A . Yes ; it
was something of the kind.

" Q. Have you not heard that celebrated national

song, ' Or give us Death or Liberty,' which has been

siing over and over again not only in the presence

of our own Royal Family, but in the presence of

nearly all the crowned heads of Europe ?

Whilst happy in my native land,

I boast my country's charter :

these are the first two lines of the song. A. I never
heard it, to my recollection.

" Mr. Harmer. Every one knows that it is sung
in the first companies among men of every political
principle, with the greatest admiration."
I should be much interested to know more
of this political song. POLITICIAN.

PICTURE or LADY IN RED. I shall be
greatly obliged if you or one of your corre-
spondents can give me some information
relating to a certain picture which I believe
is well known. It is a study of a woman
with red hair and red draperies ; the whole
tone of the picture is red, and it is entitled
* Fiametta,' ' La Donna della Fiamma,' or
a similar name. I think the painter is either
Rossetti or Burne-Jones. What I want to
know is the actual title, by whom the picture
is painted, and in what collection it is to be
found. I. R.

[MB. F. G. STEPHENS kindly supplies the following
comment :

The work I. R. refers to is manifestly ' The
Vision of Fiammetta,' which, painted in oil by
Dante G. Rossetti in 1879, was No. 304 in the Royal
Academy's Winter Exhibition of 1883, which com-
prehended a very large proportion of the artist's
output. It seems to have been begun in or before
1877, but the later year witnessed its completion.
Mrs. Stillman (born Spartali) sat for the head, and
continued to do so till late in 1879. The completed
example was exhibited, first at Manchester in 1882,
and as No. 67 at the New Gallery in 1897. It is a

three-quarters-length, life - size figure, dressed in
deep rose red, standing facing the spectator, with a
mystical flame about her head, and surrounded by
a long branch of an apple-tree in full bloom, which,
approaching us, she pushes aside. With her right
hand she holds above her head a portion of the
branch on which is perched a bird passionately
singing and with its wings outspread. The subject
is from a sonnet of Boccaccio s, a translation of
which by Rossetti is inscribed on the frame of the
picture. The artist dated his work 1878, but his
correspondence published by his brother shows that
Mrs. Stillman was still sitting to him in October,
1879. ' The Vision of Fiammetta ' was, almost
before it was finished, sold to the late Mr. William
A. Turner, of Manchester, for 84W. Mr. Turner lent
it to the Academy, and at the sale of his pictures in
1888 it was bought for 1,207/. by the present owner,
Mr. Charles Butler, who possesses other pictures
by Rossetti. There is a photogravure of 'The
Vision ' in Mr. Marillier's exhaustive ' Dante G.
Rossetti,' 1899, p. 194. It is not to be confounded with
another 'Fiammetta,' a head which was cut out,
says Mr. W. M. Rossetti, from his brother's un-
finished 'Kate the Queen' of 1850. J

WOLSTON. Four boys of this name were
at Westminster School in the first decade
of the last century.: Alexander, Augustus,
R. W., and T. Wolstan. Information con-
cerning their parentage and career is desired.

G. F. R. B.

SIB GEORGE HOWARD, FIELD-MARSHAL.
According to the ' D.N.B.' (xxviii. 17), this
worthy was born about or in 1720, and
obtained a commission in the 3rd Buffs in
1725, rising to the lieutenant-colonelcy of
that regiment 2 April, 1744. According
to Foster's * Alumni Oxonienses,' Howard
matriculated at Oxford from Ch. Ch. 23 June,
1735, aged seventeen. I should be glad to
obtain the place and exact date of his birth,
as well as the dates of his early steps in the
army. G. F. R. B.

" LIFE-STAR " FOLK-LORE. The following
incident has been related to me. In 1882
the head of a titled family in the Midland
counties lay dangerously ill, and his recovery
was considered hopeless. My informant,
who lived then, as he still does, in the parish
where the family seat is situate, was driving
one evening, with his wife, in the direction
of the mansion, when they each of them
saw a fiery meteor, described as a " fireball,"
travel swiftly towards them from the far
sky, and, on arriving immediately above the
Hall, appear to break into fragments. So
much impressed were they that they called
at the lodge and made inquiry ; but no
idings had reached the lodge-keeper. The
first thing heard the following morning was
;hat the occupant of the mansion had died
at an hour precisely coinciding with the

130

NOTES AND QUERIES, no s. vn. FEE. ie, 1907.

appearance above described. I then heard,
for the first time, that the appearance of a
person's " life-star " at the moment of his
dissolution is reputed to be not very un-
common, though, naturally, observations
of such occurrences are not so frequent as
those of others more popularly known as
portents or accompaniments of death. Is
the " life-star " known to any of your
readers ? and, if so, is this instance of folk-
lore confined to the Midlands, where I heard
its narration ? W. B. H.

ANDREW MARVELL. Can any one inter-
ested in the history of the Marvells give me
the following piece of information ? Andrew
had three sisters, viz., Anne, Mary, and
Elizabeth. Each of them married, and the
names of their husbands are given by Mr.
Birrell in his 'Andrew Marvell ' ("English
Men of Letters "). But Andrew had also a
stepsister, and of course a stepmother, his
father having married a second time in 1638.
Now, what was the surname of the step-
sister, and did she marry ? if so, whom ?
I do not find the name of either stepmother
or stepdaughter given in Mr. Birrell's ' Life.'
H. S. S. CLARKE.

8, West Street, Ryde.

HEENVLIET AND LORD WOTTON'S
DAUGHTER. Katherine, daughter of
Thomas, Lord Wotton, married, as her
second husband, the Dutch ambassador
Heenvliet (1594-1660). As they could not
have met before 1639, and as they were
married by May, 1642, the date of their
union is narrowed to some three years ;
but in spite of the ' D.N.B.' I can obtain
no actual proof of time or place. Possibly
it may be found amongst the Rawlinson
papers in the Bodleian, which deal largely
with these people ; but they are not acces-
sible to me. I shall be glad to learn the
date and place of the marriage.

MABEL E. WOTTON.

36, Buckingham Gate, S.W.

PEOPLE TO BE AVOIDED OR CULTIVATED.
Can any reader of ' N. & Q.' tell me where
to find something like the following ? There
are four kinds of people, three of which are
to be avoided and the fourth cultivated :
those who don't know that they don't know ;
those who know that they don't know ;
those who don't know that they know ;
and those who know that they know. Of
course these are not the exact words ; but
they may be sufficient to identify the quota-
tion. I have no clue myself to the author.
EDWARD LATHAM.

SCOTT ILLUSTRATOPvS.
(10 S. vii. 10, 74.)

THE illustrators of Cadell's edition, 1829,
are :

'Waverley.' F. P. Stephanoff, E. Land-
seer, A.R.A., G. S. Newton, A.R.A., James
Stephanoff.

' Guy Mannering.' C. R. Leslie, R.A.,
William Kidd, Abraham Cooper, R.A.

' Antiquary.' Clarkson Stanfield, Cooper,
F. P. Stephanoff, E. Landseer.

' Rob Roy.' Kidd, Leslie, A. E. Chalon,
R.A., Cooper.

' Old Mortality.' D. Wilkie, R.A., J.
Burnet, Cooper.

' Heart of Midlothian.' Burnet, Alex.
Eraser, Kidd, J. Stephanoff.

' Bride of Lammermoor.' F. P. Ste-
phanoff, R. Farrier.

I cannot find the last volume of ' The
Bride of Lammermoor.'

I give also the names of the illustrators
of some of the volumes in the edition of
Constable, and of Hurst & Robinson, 1823 ;
but the edition before me is not complete :

'Black Dwarf,' 'Old Mortality,' 'Bride
of Lammermoor,' ' Legend of Montrose.'
C. R. Leslie.

' Ivanhoe.' T. Stothard, R.A.

' Monastery.' W. Brockedon.

' Abbot.' H. Howard, R.A., A. Cooper.

' Pirate.' J. M. Wright, A. Nasmyth.

' Fortunes of Nigel.' Cooper, Wright,
Nasmyth.

' Peveril of the Peak.' Wright, Nasmyth.

' Quentin Durward.' Wright, W. Brocke-
don, Nasmyth. E. YARDLEY.

Few novels have been more magnificently
produced than the " Abbotsford " ' Waver-
ley,' published in 12 vols., 1842-7, which,
according to Cadell's ' Catalogue of the
Various Editions of the Works of Sir Walter
Scott ' (1847), now before me, contains 120
steel engravings and 2,050 woodcuts. The
list of illustrations prefixed to each volume
gives the % names of the artists and engravers.
The engravings on steel are particularly
fine, consisting of landscapes after Clarkson
Stanfield, Allom, and others, and a series of
portraits (from Lodge) of historical per-
sonages appearing in the novels, engraved
by G. B. Shaw. Some of the woodcuts were
afterwards published in Black's cheap
editions of the Waverley Novels. The
catalogue refers to two illustrated editions
published previously : one in 48 vols., 8vo

s. vii. FEB. 10, loo:.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

131

1 829-33, with 96 engravings on steel ; and
one in 25 vols., 8vo, with vignettes, 1841-3.
Many of the succeeding editions of Scott
which are illustrated owe their pictures to
the " Abbotsford Edition," to which your
correspondent is referred.

R. L. MORETON.

The first illustrated edition of the Waverley
Novels was that which appeared in 1829
with 96 engravings. In a characteristic
arid engaging preface to this issue, the author
refers to the illustrations, and says that as
his work has no longer the charm, of novelty,
it may perhaps still secure a measure of
attention through the assistance of art.
After explaining that the designs with which
the edition is embellished are by the most
eminent among contemporary artists, he
continues thus :

"To my distinguished countryman, David Wilkie ;
to EclwiiL Landseer, who has exercised his talents
so much on Scottish subjects and scenery; to
Messrs. Leslie and Newton, my thanks are due,
from a friend as well as an author. Nor am I less
obliged to Messrs. Cooper, Kidcl, and other artists
of distinction to whom I am less personally known,
for the ready zeal with which they have devoted
their talents to the same purpose."

THOMAS BAYNE.

I should like to mention a few works
containing pictorial illustrations of the
productions of the " Author of ' Waverley' '
in my little library, not bibliographically,
but merely to draw attention to them. No
doubt many besides myself have formed
collections illustrative of the writings of
one who, like Shakespeare, was for all time,
writings which are a never -failing resource
at every stage of our existence.

The Society for the Promotion of Fine
Arts in Scotland published the following,
beginning in 1865 : ' Waverley,' ' Guy
Mannering,' ' The Antiquary,' ' Rob Roy,'
* Old Mortality,' ' The Heart of Midlothian,'
' The Bride of Lammermoor,' ' The Legend
of Montrose,' ' The Pirate,' ' Redgauntlet,'
' St. Ronan's Well,' and ' The Fair Maid of
Perth ' ( ' The Lady of the Lake ' forms the
thirteenth volume). Each contains six
illustrations, folio size, well engraved on
steel (excepting ' Waverley,' which has
eight engravings). They are all by Scottish
artists of acknowledged reputation, though
it must be admitted that they vary mate-
rially. Each part has a different coloured
binding.

' Landscape : Historical Illustrations,' two
vols., 4to, were published by Fisher & Son,
no date on title-page, but printed (1836)
under the illustrations, which are very good,

and by first-rate artists. Underneath is
printed the title of the engraving in English
and French, and in each novel are two
comical illustrations by Cruikshank. This
series has been reprinted.

' Landscape Illustrations of the Works
of Sir Walter Scott, both in Poetry and
Prose,' has portraits of the female characters,
dated 1832, by first-rate artists. Published
by Chapman & Hall, small 8vo, 2s. Qd. each
part, containing four illustrations.

The ' Waverley Album,' containing fifty-
one line engravings to illustrate the novels
and tales of Sir Walter, was published in
London for Charles Heath, no date, price
one guinea. The illustrations are very
good, particularly the little vignettes of
places mentioned ; these are chiefly by
De Wint. This is bound in crimson silk,
and quite a drawing-room book. It ends
with ' Quentin Durward.'

But the palm for pictorial illustrations
to the Waverley Novels must be awarded
to those in what is called the " Favourite
Edition," bound in red cloth with paper
labels, the edition of our boyhood. The
frontispieces and vignettes are by such
famous artists as J. M. W. Turner, Constable,
Sir David Wilkie, and Sir William Allan,
who have caught the ideas of the author,
and given expression to them in their art.
There is an edition of these printed on
tinted paper apart from the novels, proofs,
as may be supposed, and of great rarity.

JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.
Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.

EDINBURGH STAGE : BLAND : GLOVER :
JORDAN (10 S. vii. 89). This genealogical
tangle is an interesting one ; but, as space
in ' N. & Q.' is valuable, my endeavours to
unravel it must be brief as possible. MR.
W. J. LAWRENCE said at 10 S. iv. 204 that
John Bland, of the Theatre Royal, Edin-
burgh, has been accredited probably with
the military achievements of General
Humphry Bland, who may have been a
relative, and who, according to ' D.N.B.,'
was present at Dettingen and Fontenoy ;
and further, that there is no proof that
John Bland was as stated by Boaden
uncle to Mrs. Jordan.

There were two branches of the Bland
family in Ireland : one of Derriquin Castle,
o. Kerry, represented by Nathaniel Bland,
LL.D., judge of the Prerogative Court in
Dublin, and another of Blandsfort in Queen's
ounty, represented by General Humphry
Bland. The latter made the former trustee

132

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. vn. FEB. ie, 1907.

of his estate, from which relationship has
been inferred, but not proved. Nicholas
Carlisle wrote a history of the Blands in
1826 ; and, from an original letter of his in
my possession, it is clear that he got his
information as to the Kerry branch from
my maternal grandfather Francis Chris-
topher Bland, of Derriquin, who may be
presumed to have known about his own
uncles. Judge Bland married twice. His
first wife was Diana Kemeys, by whom he
had a younger son, the Rev. James Bland
(my great-grandfather, who inherited the
estate), and an elder son, John, whom he
disinherited because he gave up the army
for the stage. The judge's second wife was
Lucy Heaton, by whom he had (with several
other sons and daughters) Francis, a com-
missioned officer of a line regiment, who
married Miss Philipps (daughter of a clergy-
man), and was father of Mrs. Jordan. As
to the truth of these statements there is no
doubt whatever. John and Francis being
half-brothers, Boaden was right in saying
that John was Mrs. Jordan's uncle. But
Judge Bland, finding that his son Francis
had been married by a priest, without
consent of parents, and that both husband
and wife were under age, took proceedings,
according to a law then in force in Ireland,
to annul the marriage ; in this he succeeded,
and Francis afterwards married a Miss
Mahony as recorded in the pedigree. These
facts are to be found in the Record Office,
Dublin. Family pride, however, prevailed ;
and, for obvious reasons, there is no mention
of the frail Dora Jordan, or her mother, in
Carlisle's book. But he states that this
wild and eccentric John Bland had been a
cornet of Bland's Dragoons before he took
to the stage. These dragoons were those
of General Humphry, who was probably, as
I have said, a relative. They were both,
therefore, at Dettingen and Fontenoy.

The death of John Bland in Edinburgh,
aged 87, is noticed in Walker's Hibernian
Magazine in 1808, in which it is stated
that

"he was descended from an ancient Irish family
and was at one time a cornet of horse, and carried
the colours of his regiment at the memorable battle
ot Dettingen.

The article goes on to say that he was

" very eccentric in his manners and opinions and
phraseology, as well as in everything he ate, drank,
or wore ; but, with all his peculiarities, he was
an honest man, a kind husband, an indulgent parent,
and a steady friend."

Incidentally it is mentioned that his wife's

name was Nancy. As to his having served
under Honeywood against the Jacobites in
1745, I find (Gent. Mag., 1745, p. 625) that
both Honeywood and General Bland were
present at the engagement at Clifton, three
miles from Penrith ; and if so, John Bland,
as cornet, was present also. I find further
(Gent. Mag., vol. xxxii. p. 93) that in 1752
General Humphry Bland was appointed
Governor of Edinburgh Castle and captain
of the foot regiments quartered there.
This was probably about the date when
John Bland threw up his commission and
took to the Edinburgh stage, with which
he was so many years connected. His wife,
Nancy, may have been an actress. What
I am most anxious to do is to trace his
descendants, some of whom, according to
Dibdin's ' Annals of the Edinburgh Stage, 7
were of the family of the celebrated actress
Mrs. Glover. In The Ancestor, vol. viii.
p. 52, Elizabeth Martha Bland, said to be a
granddaughter of this John, is set down-
as having married, when under age, Anthony
Angelo in 1787. J. F. FULLER.

Brunswick Chambers, Dublin.

SIR JOHN BARNARD'S DESCENDANTS (10 S.
vii. 90). His only son, John Barnard, was
one of the Gentlemen of the Bedchamber to
Frederick, Prince of Wales, and died un-
married at St. James's, 13 July, 1773,
leaving his sisters his coheirs (Gent. Mag.)*
so that, as far as male issue is concerned,
" this family was [not] further extended."
Of these two sisters, (1) Sarah married in
June, 1733, Sir Thomas Hankey, a well-
known London banker (who died 3 July,
1770), and died 15 March, 1762, leaving
numerous descendants ; (2) Jane married
(as his second wife), 12 Sept., 1738, the Hon.
Henry Temple, son and heir apparent of
the first Viscount Palmerston, which
Henry died vita patris, at East Sheen,
10 Aug., 1740, and was buried at Mortlake,
Surrey. His widow, the said Jane, died
there 28 Jan., 1789, leaving an only son,
Henry, the second Viscount, who was
father of the third and last Viscount (the
celebrated Prime Minister) and of others.
It may be mentioned that a good account
of Alderman Barnard was given at 7 S. xii.
197 (5 Sept., 1891) by the late J. J. STOCKEN,
who, however, seems to have been ignorant
of the parentage of the Alderman's wife,
which had been asked. She was Jane
(bapt. 15 March, 1687/8, at St. Dunstan's-
n-the-East), sister of Sir Robert Godschall,
sometime (1741-2) Lord Mayor of London,
dau. of John Godschall, of East Sheen,

10 s. vii. FEB. 16, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

133

Surrey, by Bethia (married 27 Sept., 1681
at Westminster Abbey), dau. and coheir o
Nicholas Charleton, of St. Bennet's, Paul's
Wharf (Col. Chester's ' Westminster Abbey
Registers,' p. 10. note b, sub ' Godschall '),
This Jane was buried at Mortlake, 1 Sept.,
1738, as " Dame Jane Barnard, Lady
Mayoress of ye City of London."

G. E. C.

John Barnard died without issue, and left
his realty and personalty to his nephew
Thomas Hankey. See Gent. Mag., vol. Iv.
pp. 64, 155. JOHN B. WAINE WRIGHT.

"BLUE-WATER" (10 S. vii. 109). The
adjectival use of the ordinary sailor's de-
scription of his " home " is older than Mahan,
and is usually, though probably without
truth, ascribed to the late Admiral P.
Colomb. Capt. the Right Hon. Sir John
Colomb, his brother, is pretty sure to know
who first described in this fashion the
opinions revived, from the " blue-water
school " of the eighteenth century, in his
own The Defence of Great and Greater
Britain.' B. W. T.

' COLLECTION OF THOUGHTS,' 1707 (10 S.
vii. 88). ' A Collection of the Most Natural
and Sublime Thoughts,' London, 1707,
octavo, is by Edward Bysshe.

ALFRED SYDNEY LEWIS.
Library, Constitutional Club.

CARDINAL WISEMAN'S TOMB (10 S. v
389). The bodies of Cardinals Wiseman and
Manning have been removed from Kensal
Green, and reinterred in the crypt of West-
minster Cathedral, so there is no longer any
danger of the tomb of the former cardinal
falling into decay, as it will presumably be
re-erected over his remains in the crypt.
I am told that an illustration of it appeared
in The Catholic Magazine for 1865.

FREDERICK T. HIBGAME.

RUSKIN'S PARENTS (10 S. vi. 506). I

possess a book which belonged to Ruskin's
father, and which has the words " Belonging
to Mr. Ruskin " written by him inside the
cover in pencil. It is an edition of 'Don
Quixote ' in Spanish which was published
by Edward Easton, of Salisbury, 1781 (see
10 S. y. 242). The relative who gave it to
me prior to his departure to America has
placed in it the following note, which may
interest some readers :

"This copy of ' Don Quixote ' in 3 vols. came
into my possession in 1853. In that year I began to
learn fepanish, and John Ruskin sen., the author's
lather, hearing this from my uncle, Dr. Grant of

Richmond, sent me these volumes, with the pencil
memorandum on the first volume, in his own hand-
writing, that the book belonged to him. I looked
upon them, therefore, as a loan, but shortly after-
wards I received a message from him that I was to.

consider the book as a gift from him Though

the gift of the book was kindly meant, it was of no
use to me, being written in the old orthography,
and I had to buy a more modern copy for study.

" My grandfather (maternal) Charles Grant was
a lawyer and friend of John Ruskin (the father of
the giver of this book, and grandfather of the
aiithor), and drew his marriage settlement. The
friendship continued between the families, and John
Ruskin the merchant, with his wife and son (the
author), visited my father and mother (nee Charlotte
Grant) at our home in Scotland, the author being
then a boy under twelve."

W. E. WILSON.

Ha wick.

"THE MAHALLA" (10 S. vii. 45, 96).
The meaning of this word may be settled
by reference to a book in which Dr. Weis-
gerber, an Alsacian surgeon long resident
at Casablanca, has given an account of a
harka, or " punitive expedition," made by
the Sultan of Morocco's army in 1898. This
work, ' Trois Mois de Campagne au Maroc r
(Paris, Leroux), is very interesting, as the
author, whom I know personally, has had
long experience of the country, and has
explored much of it scientifically, giving
some of his results in an appendix.

After the army had " eaten up " several
bribes it went into camp (m'halla) at Sokrat-el
Djeja ; and the Grand Vizir, Si Ahmed ben-
Mousa (who died in 1900), having fallen ill,
Dr. Weisgerber was requested to go thither,,
and, accompanying the expedition, to
attend to the Vizir's health. Accordingly
le left Casablanca, arrived at the m'halla,
and accompanied the army until its triumphal
irrival at Marrakech (whence " Morocco "),
he ancient capital of the Almoravid caliphs.,
["he principal personages at the camp were
she Vizir's brother, Si Sidi ben-Mousa, Kebir
l-dsker, commander of the army, and Si
El-Mahdi El-Mnebhi, Kebir el-m'halla, mar-
hal of the camp = quartermaster-general.
Thus dsker is an army (dskri, a soldier), and
harka an expedition, a raid ; while m'halla is
distinctly a camp. Sometimes m'halla may
mean a camp on the move, in the early
lense of " camp " as in " camp-follower."
EDWARD NICHOLSON.

" THE MAGHZEN " (10 S. vi. 467 ; vii. 11).
This word means the " Government " ;
10 doubt its original sense was that of
nagasin and " magazine." Dar el-makhzen
s the royal Court, the palace of the Govern-
nent. The country is divided, politically,
or rather financially, into Bled el-makhzen,

134

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. vn FKB. 10, 1907.

the land of government (i.e., furnishing troops
and paying taxes, when compelled), and
Bled el-siba, the land of anarchy (i.e., refus-
ing taxes) ; and the limit between these
lands is very shifting.

EDWARD NICHOLSON.

MEAUX ABBEY (10 S. vi. 248, 290, 354,
397). There is a good antiquarian account
of Meaux Abbey in ' Sutton-in-Holderness,
the Manor, the Berewic, and the Village
Community,' by the late Thomas Blashill,
F.R.I.B.A., founded on a paper read before
the British Archaeological Association on
Sutton-in-Holderness and the monks of
Meaux.

With regard to the pronunciation of Meaux,
the author, who was a native of Sutton and
may be allowed to judge, in a note on p. i
of the preface, states that the place-name
is pronounced Mewse. JOHN HEBB.

CON- CONTRACTION (10 S. ii. 427 ; iii. Ill,
152, 250, 335). Controversial aposiopesis
is most aptly illustrated by HASTA VIBRANS
at the last reference. I happened to look
up the first edition (1626) of Bacon's ' Sylva,'
and copy the whole of the paragraph in
question :

" It would be tried, how, and with what propor-
tion of disaduantage, the Voice will be carried in an
Jforne, which is a line Arched ; or in a Trumpet,
which is a line Retorted ; or in some Pipe that were
sinuous."

Your correspondent closed his quotation
with the word " Arched." Any one who
has seen the contraction for con- knows
that it closely resembles the Arabic figure 9,
and that " a line Retorted " is a phrase
that expresses its shape with considerable
accuracy. If it ever took the form of "an
arched line," I shall be very grateful for a
reference to the date and whereabouts of the
document in which it occurs. Other students
who have to struggle with MS. originals will
doubtless be glad to know of a collection of
facsimiles in which they may investigate this
hitherto unheard-of phenomenon. Q. V.

RELIGIOUS HOUSES OF SUSSEX (10 S. vi.
449). The Knights of St. John had hospitals
at Poling and at Winchelsea. The Austin
Friars were to be found at Rye ; the White
Friars at Rye and at Sele (near Shoreham) ;
the Black Friars at Arundel, Chichester
and Winchelsea; and the Grey Friars at
Chichester, Lewes, and Winchelsea. Box-
grove Priory and Battle Abbey belonged to
Benedictine monks, and the priories of
Easebpurne and Rusper to Benedictine nuns
The Cistercians were represented by Roberts -

bridge Abbey, while the great Priory of
St Pancras at Lewes was the first Cluniac
house in England. The Premonstratensians
(now represented by Storrington Priory)
held the abbeys of Bayham and Dureford.
Lastly, the Austin Canons had the priories
of Hardham, Hastings, Michelham, Shul-
brede, Tortington, and Warbleton.

JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.

ORWELL TOWN AND HAVEN (10 S. vii.
21, 61). I think L. L. K. will be interested
in the three references to Orwell Haven that
he will find in part i. of the Ninth Report
of the Historical MSS. Commission. Q. V.

HEALING SPRINGS FLOWING TOWARDS
THE SOUTH (10 S. vii. 90). In the prose
Edda it is said that

"on the southern edge of heaven is situated the
most beautiful homestead in the celestial regions,
brighter than the sun itself. It is called Gimli, and
shall stand when both heaven and earth have
passed away; and good and righteous men shall
dwell therein for everlasting ages."
It is thus spoken of in the ' Voluspa ' :

A hall sees she standing
Than the sun fairer,
With its glittering gold roof
Aloft in Cimli.

All men of worth shall there abide,
And bliss enjoy
Through countless ages.
And again :

"Towards the south there is another heaven
above this, called Aiidlang, and above this a third
heaven, called Vidblain."

This allocation, in the Northern mythology,
of the highest heaven to the south, while
one of the stems or roots in the Yggdrasil
myth springs in the warm south over the
Urdur-fountain, whose holy water is used
to sprinkle Yggdrasil's ash, would seem to
account in some degree for the direction of
the course of springs southwards. This
condition was necessary for the course of
healing springs not only in Wales, however.
North of the Tweed healing virtues were
attributed to the water of a south-running
stream. The patient had to go to the spot
and drink the water and wash himself in it.
Sometimes his shirt was taken by another,
and, after being dipped in the south-running
stream, was brought back and put wet
upon him. Mr. Henderson in his ' Folk-
lore of the Northern Counties ' mentions a
Border amulet, known as the Black Penny,
for long the property of a family at Hume-
byers. It was larger than an ordinary
penny, and was believed to be a Roman
coin or medal. When brought into use it
should have been dipped in a well, the water

10 s. vii. FEB. 16, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

135

of which ran towards the south (see J. M
Mackinlay's ' Folk-lore of Scottish Loch
.and Springs,' 1893, pp. 9 and 262).

J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.

'" BOSSING " (10 S. vii. 69). The jingling
proverb " Ossing conies to bossing " seem
to mean effort leads to eminence, success
or leadership. The old verb " to oss " ii
still very often used in the vernacular o
the Midlands, in the sense of to try, make an
effort, or begin in earnest to do a thing
I find in the Eng.-Lat. part of an old Latin
dictionary (title-page and colophon missing
but probably of the sixteenth century
" to osse, paro, adorior, audeo." " Boss '
a,s a noun is often used in reference to th
head of a business or undertaking. Work
men commonly speak of their master as
*' the boss." As a verb the word is fre
quently used, colloquially or jocularly, in
such phrases as " he bosses the concern, the
job, or the show," applied to the person
having the chief direction or control.

W. R. HOLLAND.
The " boss " is the head of the house or
the business, or the leader of a gang of
-workers. There is no difficulty about
" ossing comes to bossing " when it is known
that "to oss " means to offer or try to do
;a thing. I have often heard " Na then oss,
-an' tha '11 boss sumtime." A man put to a
new kind of work might look at it and say,
" Ah '11 show willin' ; ah '11 oss anny way,
;an' boss it," meaning that he would master
the work he was set to do. " Oss " is one
of the most-used dialect words in Yorkshire,
Lancashire, Notts, and Derby, besides other
Midland counties. THOS. RATCLIFFE.

Worksop.

See ' Bocin ' in Bradley's edition of
Stratmann's dictionary and the quotation
therein from Wyclif : " men ]>at boosen hor
(their) brestis." The verb means to swell
out, also to make to project ; the sense here
is, perhaps, the being puffed up. Compare
<$>vviov[jic.vo<s, Col. ii. 18. H. P. L.

In Ray's 'Proverbs,' Bell, 1893, p. 46,
the meaning is said to be the same with
" Courting and wooing brings dallying and
doing." " To osse " in the Cheshire dialect,
is to aim at or intend to do (Bailey's ' Diet.,'
1740) ; and " to boss " is to master, to
accomplish, to manage, apparently an
Anglicized form of the Dutch baas, as in
" de vrouw is de baas." But it is an old
English word, for several instances (one in
the sixteenth century) are given in Farmer
;and Henley's ' Slang and its Analogues.'

A seventeenth-century example is there
given as follows : " Here they had their
first interview with the female boss or
supercargo of the vessel " (1679, M. Philipse,
' Early Voyages to New Netherlands,'

Sioted by De Vere). See also the ' English
ialect Dictionary,' by Dr. Joseph Wright.

J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.

ST. GEORGE'S CHAPEL YARD, OXFORD
ROAD (10 S. vi. 469 ; vii. 13). The parish
burial-ground of St. George's, Hanover
Square, was laid out in the Bayswater Road
in 1764. In or about 1893 the chapel was
pulled down, and a new one built at the
cost of the late Mrs. Russell Gurney (not
Mr. Russell Gurney, as stated ante, pi 13).
Its name is now the Chapel of the Ascension.
On 26 April, 1894, at a consistory court
held at St. Paul's Cathedral, a faculty was,
on the application of the Rev. David
Anderson and the churchwardens of St.
George's, granted to lay out the burial-
ground as a garden at an estimated cost of
about 2,400Z. The time given for carrying
out this " improvement " was five years,
with leave to apply for extension of time.
It was alleged that it would be necessary to
remove over 2,000 tombstones. There were
provisos for protecting the interests of five
persons who appeared and for preserving
~jhe tomb of Laurence Sterne. No tombs
were to be removed where objection had
aeen taken, so long as those tombs were

ept in order (see Morning Post of 27 April,
1894).

I visited the old chapel and graveyard soon
after the " housebreakers " had begun their
k vork. In the graveyard besides Sterne's
/ombstone I found little of interest. Many
>f the inscriptions had been more or less
destroyed by time and weather. One monu-
iient in the churchyard was interesting as a
ecord of an early testamentary instruction
or " cremation." It has been described
n ' N. & Q.' ; see 7 S. xi. 150 ; xii. 385, 518.
.t vanished in the course of the restoration,
)r devastation.

Sir Thomas Picton was buried here, but
lis body was removed in 1859 to St. Paul's
Cathedral ; also Mrs. Radcliffe, author of
The Mysteries of Udolpho,' and J. T. Smith
he engraver.

In the chapel is the tablet in memory of
Irs. Jane Molony (sometimes referred to as

Lady O'Loony "), which gives her and
.er husbands' (she was married three times)
reat positions and noble connexions, adding
hat

she was hot, passionate, and tender, and a highly
ccomplished lady, and a superb drawer in water

136

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL FEB. IG, 1907.

colours which was much admired in the exhibition
room at Somerset House some years past."'
This tablet is on one of the walls in the chapel,
but so high up as to be illegible from the
floor. The full inscription is given in
* Antiente Epitaphes ' by Thomas F. Raven-
shaw, 1878, p. 184. As to Mrs. Molony's
pictures I inquired in 1901 from Mr. Bernard
Quaritch, in one of whose catalogues ap-
peared a set of the Royal Academy cata-
logues from the beginning to a (then) very
recent date. I gave her successive names,
viz., Shee, Stuart, Jackson, and Molony.
The reply contained the following :

"The pictures could not have been exhibited at
the Royal Academy, as I cannot find any trace of
them."

Perhaps there were other exhibitions of
pictures at Somerset House.

ROBERT PIERPOINT.

[Mrs. Jane Malouy does not appear under any of
her names in Mr. Graves's great dictionary of ex-
hibitors at the Royal Academy.]

PICTURES AT TEDDINGTON (10 S. vii. 88).
These pictures are those of eight of the
twelve Sibyls, often found decorating medi-
seval churches, books of hours, and so on.
As to the Sibyls generally, MR. LE WETT
will find an account in ' The Penny Cyclo-
paedia,' Smith's ' Diet, of Greek and Roman
Biography and Mythology,' and ' The
Encyclopaedic Diet.' under the word. The
last named compiles its short note from
the late Prof. Ramsay's dissertation, which
may be read in his ' Selections from Ovid.'
Among the authorities there given is
Pausanias an author who should be read
in Mr. Frazer's excellent, but expensive
edition. Here are collected not only the
loci classici of the ancient writers, but also
the later folk-lore derived partly there-
from and partly from the Sibyls of early
Christian art. A good introduction to what
I may call the Christian Sibyls will be found
in the numerous notes on the Sibyl pictures
at Cheyney Court, Herefordshire, in 4 S. v.,
and, if accessible, in Mr. \V. Marsh's ' Icono-
graphy of the Sibyls.'

The peculiarity of the Teddington pictures
fceems to be the unusual generic name
("Silvia" for "Sibylla"); the second
name is, as usual, the local or geographical
one, except No. 5 in MR. LE WETT'S list.
This is most commonly called Sibylla
Agrippa (or with one p only). The Tedding-
ton variation is interesting, as it may
possibly furnish a key to " Silvia." Rhea
Silvia was the mother of Romulus and
Remus, and was seventh in direct descenl
from Agrippa, king of Alba Longa (see Livy

I. iii., with Seeley's note).

Were it not for

the " Silvia," I should feel inclined to look
on " Agrippina " as a truer form than the
usual " Agrippa," and as preserving the

German " by the figure
freely used by classical

symmetry of the series in its " local " nomen-
clature, for " Agrippina " ( = Cologne) might
well stand for " "

Synecdoche, so

versifiers. There was a real German pro-
phetic maiden, Veleda, well known to the
Roman world in the time of Tacitus ; while
there are hardly any Sibyl traits in Rhea
Silvia. If the inscriptions on the Tedding -
ton pictures can be traced back to the-
fifteenth century the form " Silvia " may
perhaps have been the origin of " sylph."
For No. 2 on the list I venture to suggest

^thiopica (=^Egyptia)

J. P. OWEN.

Surely MR. LE WETT should read " Sibylla"
for " Silvia," and then we at once have,
easily recognizable, the titles of paintings of
the Samian Sibyl, Erythrean Sibyl, Persian
Sibyl, Phrygian Sibyl, and the Sibyl of
Tivoli. Probably some one else can complete
the list. ROWLAND THURNAM.

[Further replies next week.]

* POPJOY " (10 S. vii. 88). Was not the-
invention of this word probably suggested
o the writer by " popinjay," sometimes-
spelt " papejay," as if it had some associa-
ion with the verb " to enjoy," hence tc
disport oneself ?

J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL.

" Popjoy " is probably a nickname. In
one of the early numbers of Bell's ' Gallery
of Comicalities ' one Cockney sportsman asks-
another angler, " Had a bite, Popjoy ? "
An answer in the negative is returned.

JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.

"ANON" (10 S. i. 246, 337 ; v. 274, 454, 496).
Is not the use of this word in the following
sentence as strange as that in Thackeray ?

'Its driving would anon be like the driving of
Jehu, the son of Nimshi. and anon like unto that
of one who holds slack reigns in palsied hands.''
W. G. Edwards Rees, 'The Parson's Outlook '"

T. NlCKLIN.

(Longmans, 1900), p. 212.
Rossall, Lanes.

CALIFORNIAN ENGLISH : AMERICAN COIN-
NAMES (10 S. vi. 381 ; vii. 36). The sug-
gestion that ticky is derived from tizzy
seems unlikely on account of the difference^
in sense. Ticky is threepence, tizzy is six-
pence. In the Zulu language a threepenny
piece is called tiki. I imagine that this is-
their corruption of its English name, and
that we borrowed it back from them as

10 s. VIL FEB. 16, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

137

fticky. English coin-names are often curiously
corrupted in the mouths of Asiatics and
Africans. Some years ago, when I was a
frequent visitor to the London opium-dens,
I noticed that in the " pigeon English "
spoken by the Chinese sixpence became
siti peni. The word was in constant use,
as it represented the quantity of opium
generally called for. JAS. PLATT, Jun.

I was told in 1876, by a cousin of mine
who had just returned from the Philadelphia
Exhibition and a long tour in the United
'States, that when a Red Indian wanted
change, he placed a silver dollar on a wooden
block and chopped it into eight pieces, each
of which was called a bit. The Chinese
laundryman, too, made out his washing bills
in bits, and not in dollars and cents. I have
seen a photograph of such a chopped-up
silver dollar in an American illustrated
magazine, but cannot give the reference.
About " the piece of eight " in Queen
Anne's proclamation of 1704, see an article
on * The Spanish Dollar and the Colonial
Shilling ' in The American Historical Review,
July, 1898. L. L. K.

DOLE CUPBOARDS (10 S. vi. 429 ; vii. 16).
About forty years ago, after attending the
morning service at St. Andrew's, Holborn,
one of the senior choristers showed me what I
presume would be called a dole cupboard.
So far as I recollect, it was nothing more
than wooden shelves fixed in a recess formed
in a wall adjoining the church, and contained
half-quartern loaves, intended for distribu-
tion amongst certain poor of the parish.

J. BASIL BIRCH.

GENEALOGY iNpuMAS (10 S. ii. 427, 496).
It may interest some of the readers of
' N. & Q.' to know that in the English
translation of ' Vingt Ans Apres ' published
by J. M. Dent & Co. in 1903 (2 vols.) the
point as to the parentage of the Vicomte de
Bragelonne is clearly brought out (as it is
in the French original) in chap. xxii. (vol. i.
circa p. 250), " An Adventure of Marie
Michon." Why in other translations, as
stated at the second reference, the point is
not made clear or is omitted, I am unable
to imagine. EDWARD LATHAM.

14" POOR DOG TRAY " : ' OLD DOG TRAY '
(10 S. vi. 470, 494 ; vii. 14). The amusing
lines called ' The Cynotaph,' by Thomas
Ingoldsby, First Series, vol. i. 105 et seq.
ought not to be forgotten. The author
declines a grave for " my poor dog Tray "
in Westminster Abbey, St. Paul's, or a

London cemetery, and concludes the poem
by observing :

Ay, here it shall be ! far, far from the view
Of the noisy world and its maddening crew.
Simple and few,
Tender and true,
The lines o'er his grave. They have, some of them,

too,
The advantage of being remarkably new.

EPITAPH.
Affliction sore
Long time he bore,
Physicians were in vain !

Grown blind, alas ! he 'd
Some Prussic Acid,
And that put him out of his pain !

JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.

Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.

A parody on ' Dog Tray ' was sung by the
popular actor Robson in the burlesque of
' Masaniello,' written by R. B. Brough, and
first performed at the Olympic Theatre,
2 July, 1857. The chorus ran :
Old dog Tray had a plateful
Of bones and potatoes one fine day,
And inside the sav'ry mass hid
Was a dose of prussic acid,
Which made an end of old dog Tray.

J. T.
Beckenham.

Gay makes the Shepherd, in the ' Intro-
duction to the Fables,' 1. 41, say :

My dog (the trustiest of his kind)
With gratitude inflames my mind :
I mark his true, his faithful way,
And in my service copy Tray.

ROBERT PIERPOINT.

[MR. JOHN T. PAGE also quotes some lines of the
parody. The writer of this may have taken his
"prussic acid ; ' from Ingoldsby.]

"THE OLD HIGHLANDER" (10 S. vii. 47,
92, 115). An interesting illustration by
Hole, as a tail-piece to p. x of ' The Book of
Old Edinburgh,' by Dunlop, 1886, shows
an unshaven Highlander confronting a
tobacconist's figure of a shaven Highlander.
No date is assigned to the incident depicted.
In the 1896 edition the illustration is on
p. viii. W. S.

MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS : ST. FAITH
(10 S. vi. 225 ; vii. 57). MR. GLYNN'S con-
firmation of the genitive " Fidis " is most
interesting, and tends to prove that the
English rendering of the name is either a
joke or a blunder. W. E. B.

JERUSALEM COURT, FLEET STREET (10 S.
vii. 29). Probably this was a court (de-
stroyed in the Great Fire) situated either
within the precincts or in the immediate

138

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL FEB. IG, 1907.

neighbourhood of the Inner or Middle
Temple, and so named from the association
of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem with
the Temple Church. The court is not given
in William Stow's little ' Stranger's Guide,'
of about 1721, nor in Lockie's or Elmes's
topographical dictionaries. Neither does
it appear in Dodsley's * London and its
Environs,' 1761.

About the year 1742 another stenographer's
advertisement appears in The Daily Ad-
vertiser as follows, and it will be observed
that the advertiser hung out his sign " over
against the Middle Temple Gate " :

J. Western, | (At the Hand-and-Pen, over-against
the I Middle Temple Gate, in Fleet Street) | Con-
tinues to teach any Gentleman or Lady | his New
Method of Short-Hand, within Six Weeks ; they
writing | at Home One Hour a Day, and coming or
sending to him for | Instruction once in Two Days.
He teaches Gentlemen, at a Distance, | by sending
them Instructions from Time to Time ; and others
who had I formerly learn'd the Methods of Mr.
Shelton, Rich, Addy, Mason, | Byrom, <fcc.

He also takes down Trials at Law, &c., and sells,

1. His Short-Hand Grammar, (curiously engrav : d
| and authoriz'd by his Majesty) which alone is
sufficient to teach the | Art perfectly, as is attested,
at the beginning of the Book, by about | twenty
Gentlemen of the Clergy, Law, &c., formerly taught.
Price | One Guinea and a Half, and Two Guineas
on Royal Paper.

If any Thing seems doubtful, he will explain it
gratis.

J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &o.

The Work* of William Shakespeare. Vols. VI.,
VIL, and VIII. (Stratford-on-Avon, the Shake-
speare Head Press.)

Tins most satisfactory and sumptuous edition of
Shakespeare, to be known henceforward as " The
Stratford Town Shakespeare," is on the verge of
completion. Eight volumes out of ten are now
before us : and vols. ix. and x., completing the
edition, are in the hands of the binder.

Vol. vi., which contains the Second and Third
1'aits of 'King Henry VI.,' 'King Richard III.,'
and 'King Henry VIII.,' and consequently finishes
the plays founded on English history, has as frontis-
piece a reproduction of R. EarlonVs mezzotint of
the Jan sen portrait. Vol. vii. includes 'Troilus
and Cressida,' ' Coriolanus,' 'Titus Andronicus,'
and 'Romeo and Juliet,' and has for frontispiece
the Davenant bust, copied (for the first time, as we
believe) by permission from the Garrick Club. To
the 'Troilus and Cressida' is prefixed a book-
seller's preface which is given before some copies
of the NiU9 quarto. Gifts of prophecy seem to
have been in the possession of this worthy, who
declares it to deserve such a labour of comment as
well as the best comedy of Terence or Plautus, and
adds : "Believe this, that when he is gone, and his
comedies out of sale, you will scramble for them,

and set up a new English inquisition." Four
tragedies, comprising 'Timon of Athens,' 'Julius
Csesar,' ' Macbeth,' and ' Hamlet, Prince of Den-
mark,' constitute vol. viii., the frontispiece to which
consists of the Felton portrait from the engraving
by J. Cochran.

The special merits of the edition are twofold.
Considered as books, the eight volumes which have-
now appeared are entitled to a foremost place.
Type, paper, and other matters are a pleasure to>
the signt and the touch, and there are no shelves
to which the noble volumes do not form an adorn-
ment. On what is their great merit we have once
more to insist. This is a perfect text, undeh'led by
comment and undisturbed by wild conjecture. The
provision of this we are disposed to regard as Mr.
Bullen's greatest boon to the drama he loves so
much, and to the improvement and elucidation of
which he has so largely contributed. A knowledge
110 less exemplary and secure than he possesses is
indispensable to the preparation of a text which,.
so far as the cultivated man of letters is concerned,.
is the best attainable in reposefulness and delight.

A Novel by Thomas Lodge. (Rout-
ledge & Sons.)

UNDER this modern-soiinding title it is not at first
easy to recognize the charming romance which sup-
plied the basis of Shakespeare's 'As You Like It.'
This work, in itself a classic, has been added to<
" The Photogravure and Colour Series "of Messrs.
Roiitledge, one of the most attractive and note-
worthy features in which it immediately becomes.
With eight photogravures and nine line illustra-
tions in the text by Mr. Thomas Mayland, the
volume, apart from its Shakespearian interest, is a
delight. Concerning the extent of Shakespeare's
obligations to Lodge there is no question. The
melancholy and pensive Jaques ; Touchstone, the
most carefully elaborated of Shakespearian clowns,
and Audrey, the priceless hoyden, are Shakespeare's
own introductions ; but the subordinate characters,
such as Adam, as well as the essential, such as
Rosalind, Celia, and their respective lovei-s, are
recognizable under more or less changed names and
aspects. All that is wanting is Shakespeare's love
dialogue, the magic of which is unequalled.

Historic Link*. By I). L. Maguire, L.L.A. (Sonnen-

schein & Co.)

Miss MAGUIRE has got hold of a good idea, and
worked it out to excellent results in her "aids to
the making of history." Topography is the natural
handmaid to History, and better than anything
else helps the student to realize, and even visualize
what is otherwise a matter of faith. No one can
visit a dismantled castle, ruined abbey, or any other
hoary shrine with which our England is so richly
studded, without feeling conscious of having his
interest stimulated in events of the past. We want
to know something of the mighty men of old who
lived their lives and achieved their fame on these
historic landmarks.

The links which the writer selects to bind the
present with the past are St. Albans, Repton as
"the Home of St. Wystan," Hampton Court, the
Tower of London, &c. With a graphic pen she suc-
ceeds in reanimating the people who once thronged
these memorable sites, and the young persons for
whom she writes will insensibly imbibe a taste for
architecture and antiquities as they surrender them-
selves to the charm of her story. The exigencies of

10 s. VIL FEB. 16, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

139

a colloquial style have led to " Well !" "you see,"
and " you know " being interjected more than some
reader's will like. "Pelasaunce" at the top ot
p. 106 must not be taken for a sham antique, it
being a mere misprint for pleaaaunee. " If it had
windows it would 'Glazen Hall'" d>. 133) a sen-
tence which demands that "be called" should be
supplied from the previous sentence is too crabbedly
condensed for the young person, or indeed for the
old. The book is prettily illustrated.

Williuff* Pre* fluvle and Advertiser's Directory
and Handbook for 1907. (Willing. )
WITH undiminished authority, and equally direct
appeal 'Willing's Press Guide' puts forth its
thirty-fourth annual issue. A more trustworthy
guide to the press is not to be hoped.

BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES.

THE month of February is evidently a busy one
in the old-book trade, and' we hope that by the end
of it the booksellers may be able to mark "sold '
against many of the items in their numerous
catalogues.

Mr. Thomas Baker's List 506, devoted to Theo-
logical Books, includes the library of an Irish priest.
Among the items are Bucer's Scripta Anglic-ana,
with portrait, stamped vellum, on oak boards,
47. 10*.: Cienfuegos's ' Vita Abscondita,' 1728, folio,
original calf, S/. 10*. ; Gallandus's 'Bibliotheca
Greeco-Latina Veterum Patrum,' 14 vols., folio, a
beautiful set bound in calf, 1765-88, 387.: the Roman
Breviary, translated by the Marquis of Bute, 2 vols.,
1870. 67/6*.: Quetif et Echard's ' Scrii)tores Ordinis
Prsedicatorum,' 1719, a fine copy, 137. 15*.; Mitta-
relli et A. Costadoni 'Annales Camaldulensis
Ordinis S. Benedict!,' 8 vols. (vol. ix. is missing),
folio, vellum, 1775, &c., 3/. 15*. ; Parsons's 'Three
Conversions of England,' 3/. 18s. : and Fabn
Condones in Evangelia et Festa,' 37. 12*. There
are lists under Duns Scotus. Newman, and Ireland.
The contrasts in this catalogue are curious : the
" Stonyhurst Manuals'' are followed bvStoughton's
'History of Religion in England.' Mr. Baker has
also a list of books wanted.

Mr. Alfred Cooper, of Hammersmith, has in his
Catalogue 86 a good general list of modern books,
well arranged under the various headings of
Biography, Travels, <fec. We note a few items:
Freeman's 'Norman Conquest.' 7".: Murchison's
'Geology of Russia in Europe.' 37. 15*. : .Towett's
'Dialogues of Plato,' 4 vols., 27. 2*. : Ellis's 'Eng-
lish Pronunciation,' 1869, I/. 5*. : Max Miiller's
' Chips from a German Workshop,' 4 vols., II. 10*. ;
and Coningt on's 'Virgil,' 11. There are a number
of books on the blind and the deaf and dumb.
Under Music we note Chorley's 'Music and
Manners in France and Germany,' 3 vols., 1844, 8*.
Mr. Francis Edwards' s Catalogue 288, a clearance
list, contains many items under Africa, Asia Minor,
Borneo, Egypt, Japan, &c. The last-named section
includes the Transactions and Proceeding of the
Japan Society. 1892-1901, 3/. 10*. : and Brinkley's
'Japan and China,' 12 vols.. 1903-4. If. 1(K_ The
general portion includes Spedding's 'Bacon, 7 vols.,
full calf. 3. 15*.; Ackermann's 'Cambridge,' 1810,
I/ 2s Hobbes's Works, edited by Molesworth,
16 vols., 1834-45, 37. 6*. : O'Hanlon's 'Lives of the
Saints,' 9 vols.. 57.5*.; Kent Archaeological Society's
Transactions, 1858-1905, 87. 15*-.; Lamb's Works,

edited by Lucas, 7 vols., 17. 16*. ; Lyt ton's Novels,
Edition de Luxe, 32 vols., 97. 9*. : Feasey's 'West-
minster Abbey,' 27. 8*. : a set of The Portfolio, 107.;
and Prescott's Works. 12 vols., new half-calf, 57. 10*.
A complete set of Punch in the original cloth,
1841-1904, 127 vols.. is 187. ; " The Sacred Books of
the East," edited by Max Mtiller, vols. i. - xlix.
207. ; and Scott's Works, Cadell's Edition, 90 vols.,
half green morocco. 15/. There are also conies of
the 48- volume and the " Border " editions. Farmer
and Henlev's 'Slang Dictionary' is priced at 47. 10*.,
and Howell's 'State Trials,' at 157.

Mr. Edwards has also a short list of modern
remainders. These include ' The Ingoldsbv Legends,''
4 vols.. If.: ' The Decameron.' translated by Rigg.
Chalon's illustrations, If. 6*. ; ' Corot and his Work,'
bv Hamel, 37. (only a few remain for sale), Lewis
Morgan's 'Ancient Society,' 12*. fr/.; andWalpole's
'Letters,' edited by Peter Cunningham, 9 vols.,.

Mr. A. Fehrenbach, of Sheffield, includes in his
Catalogue XL. The Journal of the ArcJweoloffical"
Institute* 42 vols., 57. ; Bacon's 'Atlas,' 1905,
If. 6*. Gff. ; 24 coloured plates of the lower orders
of the Metropolis, 1820, 15*.; Guillim's 'Heraldry,'
engravings hand-painted, 1638, 10*. ("the most
correct edition," Lowndes) ; Hood's 'Poems,''
3 vols., Moxon, 1847-8. 17. 7*. : 'La Fontaine,'

2 vols., roval 8vo, 1904. 21. 2*. : " Library of Anglo-
Catholic Theology," 1841-67. 80 vols., 37.: Shelley's
AVorks, Moxon, '3 vols.. 1847, II. 2*.; Worlidge's
'Antique Gems,' 1823, If. 10*. Waring's ' Master-
pieces of Industrial Art and Sculpture.' 1863
3/. 10*. (cost 407.); and 'Old English Manners!
1579-1618,' inedited tracts, "Roxburghe Library"
1868, 10*. 6d,

Messrs. Lupton Brothers, of Burnley, have in
their List 91 Burton's 'Arabian Nights.' Benares,
307. : the Architectural Society's ' Dictionary of
Architecture,' 1853-92, 9/. 9*.;' The. Anr/Jo-Havon
Review. 10 vols.. folio, 47.10*.; Britten's 'Archi-
tectural Antimiities.' 1807-14, 37. 10*. ; Bewick,
" Memorial Edition," Quaritch, 37. 3*. ; Ormerod s
'Cheshire.' 37. 10*.; 'Encyclopaedia Britannica,'
147. 14*. (Tme*T>riee 34/.) ; Gillray's 'Caricatures'
Bohn, 1849. 37. 10*.; Green's ''Short History/

3 vols.. 37. 15*.; Cussans's 'Hertfordshire,' 3 vols.,
folio, 57. 5*. ; and Lawrence & Bullen's " Italian
Classics," 9 vols., III. 11*. There are first editions
of Dickens, Lever, Foster's 'Stuarts' (11. 10*.);
and Stirling-Maxwell's Works (47. 4*. ).

Mr. A. Russell Smith's Catalogue 55 contains
important historical MSS.. being the original rolls
of expenses of the French Court. 1553-94. neatly
written on 31 mrchment slii>s. each signed bv the
Court official, folio, 11. 7*. Bibliography includes
200 catalogues of sales at Sotheby's, 61. Nicolls's
Honourable Artillery Company, 1616. is 77. 7*
North's 'Fish and Fish-Ponds.' first edition. CurlV
1713, 27. 13/.; John Quarles's 'God's Love and Man's
Unworthiness,' 1651. 47. 10*.: and Stow's 'Annales '
folio, black-letter. 1631. 107. 10*. Mr. Smith tells
u that the last is probably the best copy ever
offered for sale of a book difficult to procure in a
really fine state. A copy from the Sander-land
Library of ^the ' Testamentum Novum Latinuni,'
1520. is 5/. 5*.; Mores's ' Nomina et Insignia Gen-
tilli,' 1749. 57. 5*.: a well-executed heraldic MS.,
Arms and Genealogies of the Barons from the
Conquest to 1606, 542 coats of arms beautifully
coloured, folio, circa 1610, 247.; Bacon's 'The

140

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL FEB. ie,

Historie of Life and Death,' a very rare volume,
1H38 67.6*.; Ralegh's 'Philip cle Oommines, 1614,
4/l(K; and Hollar's ' Theatrum Mulierum,' 1643,
07 There are some interesting homilies.
" Messrs. Henry Sotheran & Co.'s Price Current ,669
contains Ampigollus's 'Liber Manualis, 1476,
Sndwith other black-letter theologicalmcunabula
in one volume, folio, morocco extra by DeCmerley,
14/ - and the very rare first edition of Baxter s
faints" EverlastingRest' 1650, 87 8.j (the earliest
edition known to Lowndes was 16o3). There are
sixty entries under Bible, and many of great rarity,
including the Ashburnham copy of the Polyglott,
1667-69 357. ; the Tyiidale and Coverdale edition,
1537, 551.; and first edition of Cranmers Io40,
iVV 10* The extremely rare Indulgence printed by
Caxton, which Blades describes as No. 4 type, West-
minster 1481, is 1951. " The Witchfinder's Charter."
is the description of Sprenger and Kramers
'Malleus Maleficarum,' c. 1486. This formed the
great textbook on procedure in cases of witchcraft.
Davison states that, " for the first time, trials were
now 'legally' conducted, and armed with Pope
Innocent's bull they traversed Germany, leaving

behind them a track of blood and fire witches

were no longer burned in twos and threes, but in
scores and hundreds." Under John Merbeck, is the
first English Concordance, 1550, 47. 4* .; and under
Cardinal Newman is a set of his works, 30 vols.,
41 4* The Prayer Books include Queen Eliza-
beth's 217 and Pickering's series of reprints,
1844, 7 vols. , folio, vellum, 87. 8*. There are a great
many more important items, but space will not
admit of our giving them.

Mr. Thomas Thorp's Reading Catalogue 171 con-
tains Ashmole's 'Berkshire,' 1719, 107. 107. Hollands
' Heroologia-Anglica,' 1620, 187. 18*; Lavater, 1810,
,V 5.s- and the rare first edition of VV hite s Sel-
borne,' 1789, 127. 12*. The first editions of Dickens
include 'Oliver Twist' with the scarce "Fireside
Keate," Bentley, 1838, 37. 10*. Under Drama are a
number of prompt copies. Other items include
'Encyclopedia Britannica,' half - morocco, Times
office, 14/. Lists occur under London as well as
-under Military. A copy of Pickering's beautiful
miniature Milton is priced 5*. : and a collection of
46 rare tracts, time of Cromwell, 47. 4*.

Messrs. Henry Young Sons, of Liverpool, have
in their Catalogue CCCLXXVII. a beautiful Bible
on vellum, 1320, 45/. This is a fine specimen of
the Bibles made for the private use of wealthy
individuals during the fourteenth century, and
comes from the Sutherland Collection. Bacon's
'Henry VII.,' tall copy of the first edition, 1622, is
!)/. )*. ; first edition of Camden's ' Anglica,' &c., in
a very fine James I. binding, 1602, 217. ; and
James I.'s copy of Camden's ' Britannia,' 1610,
37. 3*. Under Costume is a souvenir of the Bal
Costume given by Queen Victoria at Buckingham
Palace, 12 May, 1842, 52 plates, hand coloured,
with letterpress by Planche giving an account of
the ball and names of the guests, 67. 6*. This copy
belonged to the Duke of Sutherland. The first
edition of Meyrick and Smith's ' Costume of the
( )riginal Inhabitants of the British Islands to the
Sixth Century,' 1815, is 47. 4*. Under Drama is a
set of Inchbald, 42 vols., 12mo, 1809-11, 97. 9*. Other
items include Fiiller's ' Church History,' the splen-
did original edition, 1655, 67. 6*. ; large copy of
Holinshed, 1586-7, 187. 18*. ; Herbert and Brayley's
* Lambeth Palace,' largest paper, with the portraits

painted by hand, folio, 1806, 47. 4*. ; and the first
illustrated edition of Milton. 1688, 67. 6*. Under
Psalms is the scarce edition of King James's trans-
lation, 1637, 47. 4*. Under Navigation will be
found Seller's 'Coasting Pilot,' about 1670, 87. 8*.
Under Early Printing are many choice specimens.
There is a long list under Liverpool Authors.
Under Trials is ' Celebrated Trials and Remark-
able Cases of Criminal Jurisprudence, 1413-1825,'
57. 15*. 6(1. Borrow compiled this, and often refers
to it in ' Lavengro ' and ' Romany Rye.'

THE sale of the Rev. J. Woodfall Ebsworth's
library has been postponed to Thursday week and
following day. The catalogue issued by Messrs.
Puttick & Simpson indicates how choice is the
collection.

We must call special attention to the following
notices :

ON all communications must be written the name
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WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately.

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to the means of disposing of them.

H. P. L. ("Straight is the line of duty"). MR.
EUOEXE TEESDALE stated^ at 6 S. viii. 219 that this
verse was " written by William Maccall, author of
' Elements of Individuality,' &c., and a personal
friend of Thomas Carlyle."

Hie ET UBIQUE ("I expect to pass through this
world but once "). There is a long note on these
words in ' Cassell's Book of Quotations,' p. 448, just
compiled by Mr. W. Gurney Benham. See also
8 S. xi. 118.

CECIL CLARKE (" The hand that rocks the cradle ").
" Recently " is a rather vagiie date. Miss Roberts's
letter to the New York Critic was printed at 9 S.
ii. 358 (29 Oct., 1898), and supplemented by a New
York correspondent of ' N. & Q.' at 10 S. v. 273.
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io s. VIL FEB. 2.3, 1907.] N'OTES AND QUERIES.

141

LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY ,.',!, 1007.

CONTEXTS.-No. 165.

NOTES : Iron in Homer, 141 Magdalen College School
and the ' D.N.B.,' 142 Shakespeariana, 143 February 30
Coleridge's Poem on Christmas Day, 146 Broken on
the Wheel, 147.

QUERIES : Isabel (Plantagenet), Countess of Essex and
Eu, 147 Countess of Ponthieu 'The Kingdom's Intel-
ligencer,' 1660-1663 Gladstoniana : " Glynnese" ' Pen-
rose's Journal ' : Turtle-riding, 148 Slavery in England-
Anne Plantagenet, Duchess of Exeter Authors of Quo-
tations Wanted Latin Lines Flavian Monks Hatching
Chickens with Artih'cial Heat Windmills in Sussex
.John Law of Lauriston, 149 N. F. Zaba Chavasse
Family, 150.

REPLIES : Tristan and Isolde, 150 Poonah Painting-
Pictures at Teddington, 152 Slavery in the United
States: its Cessation " Thune ": "(Eil-de-bceuf," French
Slang Words, 153 Ward Surname Calif ornian English:
American Coin-names, 154 Rev. R. Grant' The History
of Self-Defence ' Statues of the Georges, 155 West
Indian Military Records Shakespeare's Residence New
Pl ace Queen Victoria of Spain: Name-Day "Church-
yard Cough," 156 Holed-Stone Folk-lore : "Night-hags"
Marlborough Wheels Hornsey Wood House : Har-
ringay House, 157 " Kingsley's Stand " Authors of
Quotations Wanted Anagrams on Pius X." Shadow-
catcher "=Photographer, 158 Sonnets by Alfred and
Frederick Tennyson, 159.

NOTES ON BOOKS : ' Cassell's Book of Quotations,
Proverbs, and Household Words ' ' Birmingham and
Midland Institute : Birmingham Archaeological Society
Transactions ' ' The Quarterly Review ' ' Newspaper
Gazetteer.'

Notices to Correspondents.

IRON IN HOMER.
(See ante, p. 39.)

I AM much obliged to the reviewer of my
'* Homer and his Age ' for correcting my
indolence in the hunt for mentions of rings
and seals in the Greek tragedians. As to a
certain passage which occurs twice in the
' Odyssey,' he has not understood my
.meaning. He says of me :

" He demolishes easily special points in theories
which suppose different dates of composition for
various parts of the poem, but he has, on his own
view, to make admissions of later insertions. Thus
we read on p. 124 that ' it is a critical error to insisl
on taking Homer absolutely and always ait, pied d<
.la lettre '; but with due deference to Mr. Lang, it
seems to us that this is the very method by which he
often [-sic] confutes his adversaries. Of a line twice
appearing in the 'Odyssey' (xvi. 294, and xix. 13
he says (p. 193) that, because it disregards the dis
tinction iron for implements, bronze for weapons
* it must therefore be a very late addition ; it may
be removed without injuring the sense of the
passage in which it occurs.' This seems to us a
significant Arf/al for the other side, arid the easy
condition that the sense of the passage is not in

ured would allow of excisions of a wholesale
haracter such excisions, indeed, as are made by
hose who suppose a core of narrative and a gradual
iddition to it, not necessarily contemporaneous."

Had the reviewer read the whole context
of my passage some eight lines (pp. 192-3)
he would have found that I am not
positive when I say, " The line in the
Odyssey ' must be a very late addition."
[ offer an alternative explanation : "If, on
}he other hand, the line be as old as the
oldest part of the poem, the author for once
^orgets his usual antiquarian precision."
The line which reads like a proverbial
saying can only have been made when iron
was the usual metal for warlike weapons,
[n the whole of the rest of the ' Odyssey '
oronze is the only metal for warlike gear.
Therefore either the line is an addition,
inserted late, in the full-blown Iron Age ;
or, if it be as old as the rest of the epic, the
poet, or the poets, elsewhere consistently
sang, with archaeological precision, as if
they were living in the age of bronze weapons.
I have argued (pp. 1-6, and elsewhere) that
no poets of early uncritical ages, nor even
the classical poets of critical ages, have
tried to be archaeological, or have succeeded
in archaizing that the practice is modern.
Thus the crux is, Did the early poets of the
' Odyssey ' preserve archaeological precision
except in a single line, or is the line a late
addition ? The reader may choose between
the alternatives.

The reviewer, moreover, has not observed,
apparently, my denial (p. 193, note 1) that
the possibility of removing a line without in-
juring the sense is a proof of interpolation.
Critics are usually of that opinion when their
theory can be served by excising a line. I
never excise a line because it is adverse to
my theory. Even in this case, though the
line contradicts the whole uniform tenor of
both epics as much so as a line in 'Beowulf
would do which represented all weapons as of
bronze I leave the question open. I do not
understand what can be meant by mention
of a reference, on my p. 204, to " another
unfortunate line in the ' Odyssey.' " It is,
of course, the same line, which is twice
repeated with the rest of the speech in which
it occurs, and my argument is the same in
both cases. I do not (p. 204), as alleged,
" admit the retention of such terms concern-
ing obsolete things," namely, of " bronze "
for weapons when bronze has become obsolete
for weapons. I ask, // such terms are
retained, what value can be ascribed to the
evidence of the poets on points of culture ?
ANDREW LANG.

142

NOTES AND QUERIES, no s. vn. FEB. 23, 1907.

MAGDALEN COLLEGE SCHOOL AND
THE 'D.N.B.'

(See 10 S. iv. 21, 101, 182, 244, 364 ; v. 22,
122, 284, 362 ; vi. 2, 104, 203 ; vii. 63.)
THJ: present instalment concludes my

biographical notes, but I hope to add some

remarks on more general topics connected

with the School.

Robert Francis Walker (1789-1854), divine

and author. Chorister 1800-06. Bloxam

(ii. 115) says of him :

"The great Lord Nelson (upon his only visit to
Oxford, during a long vacation, near the close of the
eighteenth century), happening to hear him when
chorister in the College chapel, spoke to him after
the service in commendation ot his singing, and
gave him halt'-a-guinea. The next day Lord Nelson
visited the College School, and, seeing the same boy
engaged in sketching the building, complimented
him on his excellence in this respect, and gave him
another mark of his approval."

He became curate to the Provost of Oriel at
Purleigh, and translated German Evan-
gelical theology. Dr. Ellerton (of whom
Jie was a favourite pupil) possessed a small
full-length portrait of him (in his chorister's
gown), which afterwards belonged to Dr.
Bloxam.

William of Waynflete or Wainfleet (1395?-
1486), Bishop of Winchester, Lord High
Chancellor of England, and founder of
Magdalen College, Oxon. Elder son of
Richard Patyn, Patten, or Patton, alias
Barbour, of Wainfleet. The portrait in
M.C.S. is a copy from one in the Royal
Collection at Windsor ; a similar picture on
panel in the President's lodgings is, perhaps,
an earlier copy of the same original, or even
a copy of that in the School ; the effigy in
his magnificent chantry in Winchester
Cathedral, made during his lifetime, repre-
sents him as an elderly man ; he appears as
M support to the cushion under the head of
t he ettigy of his father upon the tomb erected
l>y the Bishop in Wainfleet Church, now
removed to Magdalen College Chapel ; a
mitred head in a window of Thurburn's
chantry (c. 1455) at Winchester College may
represent him. His mitre, staff, and other
relics valued at 2,OOOZ., were delivered up
by the College in 1646 to a messenger of the
House of Lords, and were sold to a goldsmith,
an endeavour, after the Restoration, on the
part of Magdalen to regain the relics, or
recover compensation for their loss, being un-
successful. The episcopal caligae, or stock-
ings of crimson silk, embroidered with birds
in gold and silver thread, and with flowers
in coloured silks, as well as the sandals of

crimson velvet, also elaborately decorated,,
still remain in the possession of the College.

Edward Welchman (1665-1739), theo-
logian. Chorister 1679, matriculating the
same year at Magd. Hall ; Fellow of Merton ;.
Prebendary of St. David's ; of Lichfield,
A son of his, who kept an inn at Stratford-
on-Avon, used to boast that his father made
the Thirty -Nine Articles Welchman having,
in fact, published an annotated edition of
them.

Francis White (b. 1589 ?). Demy 1610 ;
Master of M.C.S. (between Lawrence Snelling
and Samuel Barnard) 1614-17 ; vicar of
Ashbury 1622-31 ; is mentioned in Heylyn's
' Diary ' as composer of one or more play&
acted in the President's lodgings.

William White (1604-78), divine. Master
of M.C.S. (between John Allibond and
Thos. Houghton) 1632-48, when ejected by
Parliamentary Commissioners ; rector of
Pusey and Appleton ; published works in
Latin under name of ' ; Gulielmus Phalerius."

Robert Whittington, Whytynton, or Whit-
inton (fl. 1520), grammarian. Born pro-
bably not much later than 1480, he was at
M.C.S. under Stanbridge ; B.A. and laureate
in grammar 1513, when he assumed title of
" Protovates Angliae " ; nicknamed by his
foes " Boss," in derisive allusion to a public
" boss " or water-tap in the City of London,,
originally set up by Lord Mayor Richard
Whittington ; published five grammatical
treatises and translations from Cicero and
Seneca ; two of his works dedicated to
Wolsey ; said to have been still alive in
1530 ; William Lily a pupil of his ; Stan-
bridge and Whittington authors of first
Latin grammars which drove Donatus and
Alexander de Villa Dei out of English school-
rooms.

Christopher Windebank (b. 1615), a son
of Sir Francis (q.v.), may perhaps be added,
having become Demy in 1630 ; lived after
1635 at Madrid, where, being " a perfect
Spaniard and an honest man," he was found
useful as a guide and interpreter by English
ambassadors.

Sir Ralph Winwood (1563 ?-1617), diplo-
matist and Secretary of State. Although
he matriculated from St. John's Coll. Dec.,
1577, aged fourteen, he was Demy of Magd.
1578-82 ; Fellow and Proctor ; ambassador
to France ; agent to States- General of Hol-
land ; Secretary of State for life ; led House
of Commons ; largely responsible for
Ralegh's release from the Tower in 1616;
married (1603) Elizabeth Ball, Sir Thomas
Bodley's stepdaughter.

Thomas Wolsey (1475 ?-1530), Cardinal

10 s. vn. FEB. 33, loo:.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

143

and statesman. Always wrote his name
" Wulcy " ; whether first admitted at
Magdalen as chorister, servitor, Demy, or
Commoner is not known ; B.A. at fifteen,
he was called the " boy bachelor," as he
himself told his gentleman usher, George
Cavendish, who wrote his life. " I," he is
made to say in Thos. Churchyard's ' Tragedy
of Cardinal Wolsey,'

of wit and judgement fine,

Brought up at school, and proved a good divine :
For which great gifts, degree of school I had
And Bachelor was, and I a little lad.

Master of M.C.S. for six months during 1498
(between Andrew Scarbott and William
Bothewood) ; Dean of Lincoln, Hereford,
York, and St. Stephen's, Westminster ;
Canon of Windsor ; accompanied Henry
VIII. to " Field of the Cloth of Gold " ;
Bishop of Tournay, of Lincoln ; Archbishop
of York ; created Cardinal by Leo X. with
title " St. Csecilia trans Tiberim," 1515 ;
Lord High Chancellor : Papal Legate de
Latere ; Bishop of Bath and Wells ; Abbot
of St. Alban's ; founder of Cardinal College
(eventually Christ Church), Oxford, and a
college at Ipswich, his native place ; Bishop
of Durham, of Winchester ; built palaces
of Hampton Court and York Place (White-
hall) ; died and buried at Leicester. John
Skelton's ' Why Come Ye nat to Courte ? '
is a bitter satire on Wolsey so also in some
measure are his poems ' Colyn Cloute ' and
* Speake, Parrot,' in the latter of which he
says, " Bo-ho [the King] doth bark well,
but Hough-ho [Wolsey] he ruleth the ring."
The portraits in Hall of Magd. Coll. and at
M.C.S. are copies of the Holbein in Ch. Ch.
Hall ; the full face is shown in a drawing
preserved at Arras. Thomas Wynter, his
son by one Lark's daughter, later Dean of
Wells and Archdeacon of Cornwall, &c., was
when a youth placed under the tuition of
Maurice Byrchenshaw, Usher of M.C.S. in
1513, subsequently Canon of Wells. The
great tower at Magdalen is sometimes called
" Wolsey 's Tower " ; but his only connexion
with it seems to be that, as Bursar for a
year or two during its erection (1499-1500),
he would have to pay the builder's
account.

Richard Wooddeson the elder (1704-74),
divine. Chorister 1712 ; Master of the Free
School at Kingston 1733-72, among his
pupils being Edward Lovibond, George
Steevens, George Keate, Edward Gibbon,
William Hayley, Francis Maseres, George
Hardinge, and Gilbert Wakefield. His father,
another Richard (1655-1726), chorister 1662
was vicar of Findon, Sussex. His son, oJ

;he same names, the Vinerian Professor, was
Demy and Fellow.

Edward Wotton (1492-1555), physician
and naturalist. Son of Richard W., superior
Bedel of Divinity in the University ; at
VE.C.S. chorister and Demy ; Fellow ; first
Reader in Greek at C.C.C. ; M.D. Padua
and Oxon ; President College of Physicians ;
3hysician to Duke of Norfolk and Margaret
Pole, Countess of Salisbury ; said to have
been first English physician to make a
ystematic study of natural history.

Thomas Yalden or Youlding (1670-1736),
poet and divine. Son of John Y., some-
bime page and groom of the chamber to-
Prince Charles, a sufferer in his cause, and
an exciseman in Oxford after the Restora-
tion ; at M.C.S. while a chorister ; Demy ;
Fellow, Lecturer on Moral Philosophy,.
Bursar, Dean of Divinity ; friend of Addi-
son and Sacheverell at College ; arrested
during clamour raised about Atterbury's
plot, but soon released ; his ' Hymn to-
Darkness,' written in imitation of Cowley,
highly esteemed by Dr. Johnson ; chaplain
to Bridewell Hospital, where he was buried ;
gave the College a full-length picture as a
portrait of the founder. A. R. BAYLEY.

St. Margaret's, Malvern.

SHAKESPEARIAN^.

' KING- RICHARD III.,' IV. iv. 175, " HUM-
PHREY HOUR " :

Ditcher. What comfortable hour canst thou name
That ever graced me in thy company ''.

K. Richard. Faith, none, but Humphrey Hour,

that call'd your grace
To breakfast once forth of my company.
Here no explanation in the smallest degree
satisfactory has been offered of the words
" Humphrey Hour." I believe we should
read,

Faith, none but, humph, the hour that, &c.
Singer was the first to suggest that the
allusion is to John xvi. 21 : "A woman
when she is in travail hath sorrow, because
her hour is come ; but as soon as she is
delivered of the child, she remembereth no
more the anguish, for joy that a man is born
into the world " ; and this, it seems to me,
gives a sure clue to the meaning of the
passage. Grim, sardonic humour of the
kind is exactly in Richard's way ; cp., e.g.,
his words to Anne, I. ii. 105 :

Anne. 0, he was gentle, mild, and virtuous.

Glouc. The fitter for the King of heaven, that
hath him.

" No hour of comfort, I grant you," says
Richard, " ever came to you from me r

144

NOTES AND QUERIES, no s. VIL FKB. 23, 1007.

except, humph, the hour in which you were
joyfully delivered of the burden of your
womb at my birth." If, as so frequently,
the definite article were written in the
syncopated form " ye," the words " humph
the " would easily pass into " Humphrey."

K. D.

' THE WINTER'S TALE,' I. ii. 171-85 :
Leon. So stands this squire

'Otficed with me : we two will walk, my lord,
And leave you to your graver steps. Hermione,
How thou lovest us show in our brother's welcome
Let what is dear in Sicily be cheap :
Next to thyself and my young rover, he 's
Apparent to my heart.

Her. If you would seek us,

We are yours i' the garden : shall 's attend you

there?

[Exeunt Polixenes, Hermione, and Attendants,

According to the Folio, Leontes states
that he " will walk," but, on reading
further, we find that he does not immediately
do so. The reason for such a statement is
usually seen in the necessity for clearing the
stage, but the king should not leave the
scene, as he is soon to engage in conversa-
tion with Camillo. It is Polixenes and the
queen who go, and from one of them the
words,

We two will walk, my lord,
And leave you to your graver steps,

would be apt to come. The two kings
habitually address each other as " brother,"
but here we find in a supposed utterance
of Leontes the queen's usual expression in
addressing her husband, " my Lord," indi-
cating that she is the speaker. If we are
right in thinking that Hermione has just
spoken to Leontes, his injunction to her,
" How thou lovest us," &c., would hardly
be prefaced with her name. The word
" Hermione," appearing in the text after
the queen's lines, may reasonably be under-
stood as properly preceding them, thus
correctly assigning the speech. The metrical
requirements will also permit of the change :

I'l-on. How thou

Lovest us show in our brother's welcome.

It is the poet's art to make the queen, in
her innocence, say and do things which fan
the flame of the king's jealously. In the
use of " graver," whatever her meaning, the
idea he takes is that his steps are indeed
grave with apprehension, while hers are
culpably gay. " Graver " is singularly in-
appropriate as applied to the steps of the
queen and Polixenes, and, if followed, would
detract from " our brother's welcome."
It would seem a sneer if spoken by Leontes,
but it is his cue to be apparently hearty
and sincere. " Your graver steps " does

apply peculiarly to Leontes, and contains
a hint of the contrast between Hermione's
pleasant, careless occupation as entertainer,
and the king's more serious thoughts, as
indicated by his present mood (1. 147, " He
something seems unsettled ").

There is a bad mix-up in the Folio text
of this same scene (11. 146-50), and I believe
that a hitherto unsuspected disarrangement
of speeches exists in the passage commented
upon above. The queen's form of address,
" my lord," when speaking to the king, is
found in 11. 40, 61, 65, 87, also 150 and 172,
in this scene, and elsewhere in the play.

E. MERTON DEY.

St. Louis.

' JULIUS C-12SAR,' V. v. 73-5 :

The elements

So mix'd in him that Nature might stand up
And say to all the world, " This was a man ! "
Cf. Drayton's ' Idea,' xxi. :

At whose deliberate and unusuall byrth,
The heavens were said to counsell to retire,
And in aspects of happinesse and mirth
Breath'd him a spirit insatiatly t' aspire,
That took no mixture of the ponderous earth,
But all comprest of cleere ascending fire,
So well made up, that such an one as he
Jove in a man like Mortimer would be.

CHAS. A. HERPICH.
New York.

' MERCHANT OF VENICE,' II. ii. 80 (10 S. v.
465 ; vi. 325). The earliest expression of the
proverb is in ' Odyssey,' i. 215-16, where it
is spoken, without malicious insinuation,
in frank simplicity by the amiable Tele-
machus. On this passage a scholiast quotes
as from Euripides the two lines given by
C. W. B. as Menander's. They may be
found in Dindorf's ' Poet. Seen.' (1893), Eur.,
fragm. 883, or fragm. 1004 in Nauck's edition
(Teubner ). Nauck says that Stobseus ( ' Flor.
76, 7) attributes them erroneously to
Menander. H. K. ST. J. S.

* ALL 's WELL THAT ENDS WELL,' V. ii. :

PURR." (10 S. vi. 323, 505). MR. N. W.
HILL rejects my explanation of the word
" purr " as = pig. His own suggestion,
:hat it is shortened from " perfume," seems
' o me absolutely hopeless.

To begin with, a critic who interprets
Shakspeare by dint of a wholly gratuitous
and unsupported theory comes into court
with a rope round his neck ; and in the
present case he is met by the plentiful lack
of evidence that in Queen Elizabeth's time
men mangled their words and served them
up in halves, as we are apt to do.

But to come to interpretation of the
mssage :

10 s. vii. FEB. 23, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

145

" Here is a purre of Fortunes, Sir, or of Fortunes
cjit, that has falne into the Fishpond of her
displeasure."

MR. HILL wishes us to understand that the
Clown introduces Parolles as "an ' evil
smell ' of Fortune's " ; and this interpreta-
tion he holds to be simplicity itself. I fancy
he will find few to agree with him. With all
his bizarreries the Clown would scarcely
talk thus. But MB. HILL does not seem to
observe that what might be suitable if
Fortune's cat alone were mentioned is
entirely unsuitable for Fortune herself.
This " purre of Fortunes " requires its own
explanation. It must needs be somebody
or something which belongs to Fortune :
her property to play with, and now her butt,
fallen into the fishpond of her displeasure.
The " cat " is a mere afterthought : the
pun was irresistible.

But after all this I have an objection which
I hold to be conclusive and fatal. Prof.
Victor in his recent work on the pronuncia-
tion of Shakespeare has shown that for him
the syllables er. ir, ur, had each its own
value, wholly distinct from the others :*
whence it must follow that " purr " cannot
possibly be the first syllable of per-fume.

On the whole, I think that if MB. HILL
must publish his unsupported theory, he
would on all grounds have been better
advised to omit his quotation of Horace.
C. B. MOUNT.

It may be well, for the sake of accuracy,
to put it on record that " a species of wild
pig " is not found in the Isle of Man. The
mistake may have arisen from the Manx
dictionary by Dr. Kelly, edited by the Rev.
W. Gill, in which the Manx word " purr "
is translated by " a wild mountain boar,"
which may mean a boar that had got loose
into the mountains, or a boar (of probably a
poor breed) at a mountain farm ; but we
know nothing here of " wild pigs."

ERNEST B. SAVAGE.

St . Thomas, Douglas.

'MERCHANT OF VENICE,' I. i. 29-36 (10
S. vi. 504). A. E. A. quotes in one of his
notes at the above reference Prof. Skeat's
phrase ' Neglected Eng. Diet.' " Neglected "
will apply also to ' N. & Q.' The late REV.
DR. SPENCE offered at 9 S. v. 163 the same
suggestion as that now brought forward by
A. K. A. I did not reply to DR. SPENCE,
who commented upon my previous note
(9 S. v. 63), for the reason that the Furness
quotation in that note seemed sufficient
answer : " ' The meaning here,' says Claren-

* See MR. MAYHEW'S note, 10 S. vi. 2S1.

don, * is obscure, and the construction
abrupt, if " this " refers to the spices and
silks just mentioned.' " It would, of course,
be impossible for " this " to refer to the
merchandise without our understanding
" worth " as referring to the speaker ; other-
wise the import is that the merchandise is
worth itself. Therefore neither DB. SPENCE
nor A. E. A. has made a discovery. In
addition to the " Clarendon " reason, it is
hardly likely that a merchant would speak
of himself as " worth nothing " in the event
of one of his shipments having gone astray.

E. MEBTON DEY.
St. Louis.

* HENBY IV.,' PABT I., II. i. : " STUNG
LIKE A TENCH " (10 S. vi. 504). Pliny the
Elder tells us that fish are tormented by-
fleas ; but in this dialogue Shakespeare is
obviously burlesquing the vulgars' habit
of irrelevant comparison, satirized by others
as well. " Dank as a dog " shows this
clearly enough. John Taylor the Water
Poet tells of a person whose phrase of all
work was " like a dog " that another
" lied like a dog," &c. A venerable joke of
my boyhood was of a woman who said she
was " as weak as a horse, and had no more-
appetite than a hog." FOBBEST MOBGAN.

Hartford, Conn.

See the note on this line in Dr. William J
Rolfe's edition of the play, p. 157.

N. W. HILL.

Philadelphia.

It is usually supposed that we ought to-
read, instead of " like a tench," " like a
trout," which is, as is well known, covered
with crimson spots :

Swift trouts, diversified with crimson stains.
Pope's 'Windsor Forest,' 145.

The tench is covered with a 'slime supposed
to be of a healing nature.

JOHN PICKFOBD, M.A.

' HENBY IV.,' PABT I., II. iv. 134 :

" PlTIFUL-HEABTED TlTAN, THAT MELTED '*

(10 S. vi. 504). Theobald's emendation,
adopted by MB. DAVEY, leaves the passage
as unintelligible as before, and more in-
coherent. If " butter " had been meant
instead of " Titan," Shakespeare would have
used " melts " in place of " melted "
surely that phenomenon was not a past and
unrecurring one ; and who is Titan, and why
should he be dragged in by the heels, with
nothing to do and no connexion with the
melting ? Warburton's, usually adopted,
is worse parenthesizing "pitiful-hearted
Titan," and still leaving the butter to melt

146

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. vn. FEB. -23, 1907.

without relation to him ; besides making
the pitiful-hearted object one thing and the
melting one another, " which is absurd,"
as Euclid was wont to remark. And equally
it leaves Titan not even a myth. The truth
is the passage is meaningless under any
theory yet suggested ; but one guess attains
half-way to a rational solution, and I will
complete it. If not the true one, at least it
is one, and none other ever has been even
that. The allusion must be to some classical
story of a being who melted in the sun : who
did so ? Only one person, Icarus or his
wings did ; but Phaeton was sun-struck
and dazed and burnt up. It is plain to me
that " Titan " is a mishearing of " Phaeton,"
which Shakespeare wrote, and that Shake-
speare himself either confounded Phaeton
with Icarus, or used " melted " for the sake
of the play on the resemblance between the
sack running down Falstaff's fat jowl and
the dripping of melting butter in the sun.
It is true that when Phaeton kisses the butter,
it is the latter that melts, not he ; but the
conceit means simply " Did you never
see Phaeton melting butter with his kisses,
just as he too with his soft heart melted under
the sun's warm confidences ? "

FORREST MORGAN.

'HAMLET,' I. ii. 131-2 (10 S. vi. 505).
I much doubt whether Shakespeare, if he
was aware of the quotation from the Apo-
crypha as given by the querist, had the same
in view in this instance. It seems far more
probable that he was vaguely dreaming of
the Sixth Commandment and its implications,
as has been supposed. The word " canon
is used again in ' King John,' II. i. 180, by
the Lady Constance in allusion to the Second
Commandment ; see Bishop Wordsworth's
book ' Shakespeare's Knowledge of the Bible,
1892, p. 149. N. W. HILL.

FEBRUARY 30. In looking through a
friend's collection of menus I found one
dated February 30, 1904. I thought,
naturally, that it was a printer's error, but
found that I was mistaken and that the date
was perfectly correct. It occurred in the
following curious manner. The dinner was
on board the Pacific Mail Company's ship
Siberia, crossing the Pacific from Yokohama
to San Francisco. A day was thus gained
and happening as it did at the end o.
February, 1904 (leap year), another day was
added to the month. The date, therefore
although unconventional, is quite legitimate
This seems to me to be curious enough to b<
putjon record. FRANK SCHLOESSER.

15, Grosvenor Road, Westminster.

COLERIDGE'S POEM ox CHRISTMAS DAY.

n the late Mr. Dykes Campbell's edition of

Coleridge's ' Poetical Works ' (Macmillaii,

893, in one volume) there is a poem of two

quatrains entitled ' Homeless.' It is marked

as printed from MS. ; is assigned, with a

query, to the year 1810 ; and is marked in

;he index with an asterisk as *' now first

Drinted, or first collected." This little poem

was, however, printed eighty years ago.

.n The Literary Magnet for January, 1827,

. 71 there appears

Ax IMPROMPTU ox CHRISTMAS DAY.
O, Christmas Day! O, happy day !

A foretaste from above,
To him who hath a happy home.

And love returned for love !
O, Christmas Day ! O, gloomy day !

The V>arb in Memory's dart.
To him who walks alone through li t'e.

The desolate in heart ! S. T. C.

This is practically identical with Dykes
"Campbell's version, except that he makes
}he second verse a comment on the first.
This he does by putting in brackets the words
" On the above " between the two verses
The title, however, is different. Mr. Ernest
Hartley Coleridge has a paper in the new
part of the Transactions of the Royal Society
of Literature (Second Series, xxvii. pp. 69-
122) on ' Coleridge, Wordsworth, and the
American Botanist William Bartram.' In.
this he mentions a copy of Bartram's
Travels ' with the inscription : " S. T.
Coleridge, Highgate, April, 1818." There
are no marginalia, but

"on the fly-leaf scrawled in pencil by a female
hand, are these pathetic lines, which, slight as they
are, can surely have been written by no other thaii
S. T. C."

Then follow the two verses already quoted,
with the variant

And love returned from love.
The Literary Magnet is not mentioned
in Haney's ' Coleridge Bibliography.' The
editor must have been an admirer' of Cole-
ridge, for he gives the ' Dialogue ' (" How
seldom, friend ") in the number for July,
1827, but without mentioning its previous
appearance in The Morning Post in 1802 ;
he gives in the same volume the ' Epi-
gram ' ("Charles, grave or merry") from
the same source ; he gives * A * Dialogue
written on a blank page of Butler's Book of
the Roman Catholic Church,' but quotes
it from The Standard ; he quotes ' Youth
and Age ' (" Verse, a breeze mid blossoms
straying") from 'The Literary Souvenir,'
and ' The Wanderings of Cain ' from ' The
Bijou.'

10 s. VIL FEB. 23, loo:.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

147

There may be other Coleridgeana in The
Literary Magnet. I have not access to a
complete set. WILLIAM E. A. AXON.

[Mr. Dykes Campbell reads

And love returned from love,

and prints the first quatrain within quotation
marks.]

BROKEN ON THE WHEEL. (See 9 S. vi.
251, 314, 373, 455, 513 ; vii. 135, 196, 337.)
The Colombo Observer, 10 March, 1905,
.alluding to the death of Mr. C. S. Hadden,
a Ceylon proprietor, records that at Magde-
burg, which he went to in 1835 and left in
1837, he saw a woman, convicted of murder-
ing her mistress, suffer the penalty of being
"" broken on the wheel," as far as the ideas
of the day permitted. She was brought out
to the place of execution, fastened tightly
to a plank by straps round her neck and
limbs, and in that operation either killed
outright, or rendered unconscious by strang-
ling. After that took place the horrible
business of two strong executioners breaking
her limbs with a heavy wheel.

It is perhaps worth a note in ' N. & Q.'
that one who witnessed this, a J.P. of Herts
and Bucks, was recently among us, describ-
ing the miserable scene. HANDFOKD.

(SJuems*

WE must request correspondents desiring in-
formation on family matters of only private interest
to affix their names and addresses to their queries,
in order that answers may be sent to them direct.

ISABEL (PLANTAGEXET), COUNTESS OF
ESSEX AND Eu. The following is a further
list of the descendants of the Countess of
Essex, concerning whose issue (if any) I am
seeking information (see 10 S. vi. 407, 508).
The figures in parentheses are for my guid-
ance alone.

Paget - Berners (57). Eliz. Jane, da. of Hon. Sir

Chas. P., m. 1845 Major Wm. B., R.H.A., and

had a son Wm. Hugh.
Paget-Crawley (57). Jane Frances Eliz. P., sister

of above and widow (*./>.) of John Home, of

Ihorley Lodge, Herts, m. 1851 Lieut. -Col.

Philip Sambrook C.
Graves-Cuthbert (63). Hon. Jane Anne G., m. 1829

Capt. James W. C.
Gravos-Davisbn (63). Hon. Caroline North G., m.

1844 Maj.-Gen. Hugh Percy D. of Swarland

Park, co. Northd.
Irby-Holdsworth (64). Hon. Augusta Matilda I.,

in. 1853 the Rev. Wm. H. of Netting Hill, D.D.
Hunt-Whalley-Mason (68). Jane H. of Boreatton,

co. Salop, b. 1702; m. 1st Thos. W., 2ndly

Jas. M., and had issue by 1st mar. ('Landed

Gentry ').

Hunt-Gordon (69). Frances^ H. of Boreatton, b.

1705 ; m. Lewis G., d. 1775.
Hunt- Adams (70). Sarah H. of Boreatton, b. 1710;

m. Rev. Wm. A. of Cound, D.D., d. 1781); and

had issue (' Landed Gentry').
Hardware-Oner (71). John H. of Jamaica (1789),

d. 1793, leaving a da. Mary on, m. 1787 Robert

G. of Jamaica (Ormerod's * Cheshire,' 1882, ii.

p. 333).
Hardware-Pierce (73). Jane H., b. 1703 ; m. 1'.

of co. Glouc. and had issue Rev. P., D.D.,

rector of West Kirkby 1790 (ibid.).
Hunt, Lloyd, and Birch (74). Eliz. and Letitia,

das. of Rowland H. of Boreatton, d. 1700 ; m.

Lloyd and Birch respectively.

Foley-Howard (75). Penelope, da. of Paul F. of

Prestwood, m. (? c. 1730) Francis H. of Litch-

lield (Brydges's ' Collins,' vii. 498).
Foley and Price (76). Capt. Thos. F., R.N., d.

1770, leaving (with a 2nd da., Mrs. Whitmore

of Apley) Thos., Charlotte Augusta, and Eli/..,

wife of Hy. P. of Knighton.
Foley (76). Thos. Philip, Rob. Ralph, and Mary

Anne, bros. and sister to Maj.-Gen. Rich. Hy.

F., d. 1824.
Foley-Musgrave (76). Helen, da. of Gen. R.H.F.,

m. Musgrave, M.R.C.S., and had a son

Reginald (Foster's ' Peerage,' 1880, p. 2(55).
Foley- Whitmore (76). Rev. Hy. Thos. F., r. of

Holt, co. Wore., and his sister Penelope, wife

of Rev. Hy. W., r. of Stockton, co. Salop

(? temp. 1780).

Ashhurst-Harriot (77). Frances Eliz. A. of Water-
stock, m. 1836 Thos. Geo. H. of Twickenham,

and had issue.
Ashhurst and Dorien (77). Jas. Hy., b. 1782 : Thos.

Hy., b. 1784; and Grace, who m. 1796 Goo. D.

and had issue, children of Sir Wm. Hy. A.
Clerke-Willes (77). Diana Susanna C., sister to the

7th Bart., d. 1778; m. Rev. E. W. of Newbold,

co. Warwick.
Ashhurst-Shutz (77). Dorothea, sister to Sir Wm.

Hy. A., m. 1763 Spencer S. and had issue.
Ashhurst- Warner (77). Eliz., aunt to above, m.

1755 Rev. John W., D.D., and had issue.
Cavendish (109). Fred, and Hy. C., the eminent

chemist, sons of Lord Chas. C., M.P.
Seymour-de Durfort (113). Georgina S., sister to

above, m. Lewis, Count de Durfort, Ambassador

at Venice.
Seymour-Bailey (115). Mary S. of Redland Ct.,

co. Glouc., m. 30 Nov. 1758 John Bailey, of

Sutton.
Moore-Campbell (117). Lucie Caroline M. (Drog-

heda), d. 1852; m. Rev. John Jas. C., v. of

Gt. Tew, and had a da. Eliz. Mary.
Trench-Johnstone (117). Harriet T., d. 1840 ; m. as

1st wife, 1832, Ven. Evans Johnstone, Archcl.

of Ferns.
Moore (118). Anne and Selena Maria M., yr. das.

and cohs. of Ad. Sir John M., Bart., and sisters

to Cath. Lady Bampfylde, d. 1823.
Moore (120). Hon. Wm. M. of Ardee, M.P., d.

1732, is stated by Burke to have m. Miss Cassan,

sister of Stephen C. of Queen's Co. ; but Collins,

ix. 28, and Archdall's 'Lodge,' ii. 112, say that

he m. (articles 23 and 24 Mar.), 1717, Lucy, da.

of Rev. Edward Parkinson, of Ardee, and sister

to Rob. P., councillor-at-law. Which is correct?

He had issue Hy. M., m. d. of Smyth, and

Mary.

148

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. vn. FEB. 23, 1907.

Moore (121). Hon. Capel M., M.P., 1>. 1693: m.
Lady Mary O'Neill, wee Paulet, and liad issue a
son "and 2 das. (Collins, ix. 29, and Lodge,
ii. 112).

Rochtorb (122).-Capt. Win. R., R.N., cadet of
Roehfort, d. 1847, leaving 3 das.

Butler-Dumaresque (123). Lady Eliz. Sophia B.
(Lanesborough), m. 1828 Lt.-Col. Hy. D., d.
1838.

Marley-Moore (123). Cath. M., m. Rev. Calvert
FitzGerald M., of Twickenham.

Butler-Bebbieg (123). Lady Charlotte B. (Lanes-
borough), in. 1806 Geo. 1).

Butler-Marescotti (123). Lady Sophia B. (Lanes-
borough), m. 1787 Marquis Lewis Marescotti.

Rochtort-Banvers (124). Frances R., m. (? c. 1860)
Juland Banvers, and had issue.

Rochfort-Rae (124). Cath., sister to Com. Geo.
Rob. R., R.N. (m. 1814), m. Capt, John Rae,
72nd Regt.

Roehfort - Wilson and Button (124). Eliz. and
Patience, das. of Arthur R,, LL.D., M.P.
(b. 1711), m. Rich. Wilson and John Button
respectively.

Roehfort, Weeks, Boyly, Kilpatrick, and Grange
(126).-Wm. R. of Clontarf, d. 1772; m. 1743
and had issue Geo., eld. s. in 1772 : John, eld. s.

in 1783; Win., Hy., Anne, m. '- Weeks;

Biana, m. Boyly ; Henrietta, m. Kil-
patrick ; Mary, m. Grange; and Judith

(Burke's ' Extinct Peerage,' p. 456).

Lyons, Nixon, Barry, and Garden (128). Hy. L. of
River Lyons, King's Co., had issue Anne, m.
John N.; Eliz., m. July, 1762, Rob. B., M.P.
for Charleville ; and Hen., m. 1780 Rob. G.

Moore (130). Hon. Wm. Hamilton M., m. Eliz.,
Bow. Ctss. of Meath, 'nee, Lennard, and had
issue Eliz., b. 4 June [? 1688]. Lodge (ii. 112)
and Collins (ix. 25) both have "4 June, 1668" ;
but as her mother's first husband, the 3rd E. of
Meath, d. 1684, this must be a misprint.
Please reply direct.

(Marquis de) RUVIGNY.
Galway Cottage, Chertsey.

COUNTESS OF PONTHIEU. Hy. Seymour, of
Redland Court, co. Glouc., married secondly,
5 Oct., 1775, Louise, Countess of Ponthieu
of Normandy (see ' Landed Gentry '). Any
information regarding her family, date of
death, &c., would oblige.

(Marquis de) RUVIGNY.

Galway Cottage, Chertsey.

' THE KINGDOM'S INTELLIGENCER,' 1660-
1663. The Parliamentary Intelligencer be-
came The Kingdom's Intelligencer on 31 Dec.,
1660, and continued till at least 24 Aug.,
1663. The British Museum Library Cata-
logue states, " The journal was discontinued
in August, 1663." The paper was reprinted
at Edinburgh, and copies of this issue are
known up to 23 July, 1663. Hugo Arnot,
the historian of Edinburgh, says, however,
that i; from the copies we have seen of this
paper it subsisted at least seven years " ;
and in an unprinted ' History of Scottish
Printing ' left by Geo. Chalmers, the author

of Caledonia,' ' Life of Ruddiman,' &c. r
there occurs the notice of an issue dated
September, 1664. A copy was in his pos-
session. What authority has the British
Museum Catalogue for stating that the journal
ended in August, 1663 ? Are any issues
known after that date ? W. J. C.

GLADSTONIANA : " GLYNNESE." I have
met with a small 12mo volume of 112 pages,
apparently published privately : " Contri-
butions towards a Glossary of the Glynne
Language. By a Student .... to which is
added The Doubting Dowager, or a Tale of
a House, an Epic Poem in One Canto.
1851." It contains explanations of some
125 words and phrases in what the author
terms " Glynnese " language, of which he
says, in a short preface,

''the chief living authorities for its use are the
Very Rev. the Bean of Windsor, the Hon. Lady
Glynne, Sir Stephen Glynne, Mrs. W. E. Gladstone,
and the Lady Lyttelton ; and of these the most
leading appear to be the Bean and Mrs. Gladstone. !r
Whoever was the author, he appears to-
have been on a familiar footing at Hawarden
and Hagley ; and though the work, which
cannot have been altogether palatable to
its subjects, is primarily concerned with the
persons mentioned, there are several allu-
sions to Mr. Gladstone and to idiosyncrasies
attributed to him ; and also a four-page
" Fragment of a Speech in the House of
Commons by The Rt. Hon. W. E. Gladstone,
in which the whole Glynnese vocabulary is
aired." The book has no publisher's name
on the title. Is anything known as to the
author and the occasion of publication ?

W. B. H.

' PENROSE'S JOURNAL ' : TURTLE-RIDING.
Some time ago there was a good deal of
discussion about being able to ride on a
turtle in water. I came recently on this
passage :

"One fine moonlight night, as we were at this
sport, Harry somewhat too impatient for the turtle
to fix herself, she discovered him, and made at once
back for the sea. Observing this, he ran and got
astride on her back, grasping the forepart of her
callipash. Seeing this, I ran too and got on behind,
and Patty came and clung round my waist. Not-
withstanding this, she was so large and strong that
she scrabbled us fairly into the sea. Patty tumbled
off backwards. I slid off on one side, and lost my
hat ; but Harry stuck on her, till she sank him up
to the chin, and then he left her."
This, I think, whether fact or fiction,
" takes the cake " for turtle-riding. Three
on a turtle ! The extract is from a book
in my possession, entitled " The Journal of
Llewellin Penrose, a Seaman. A New

10 s. vii. FEB. 23, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

149

Edition," London, Taylor, 1825, 8vo, pp. 446
I should have put the book down as a Welsl
' Robinson Crusoe,' but it is dedicated bj
the editor, John Eagles of Bristol, t(
" Benjamin West, Esq.," the celebratec
painter, by West's " kind permission," and
because of his " intimate knowledge of th
Author, and the circumstance of his having
communicated to you many of the fact
recorded in it." Eagles also asserts tha
West knew Eagles's father, who in 18CK
showed him ' Penrose's Journal,' and Wes
said of several parts : "I know to be true
I knew the man too, and, what is more
extraordinary, had it not been for him I
should never have been a painter." He
then adds that he met him at Philadelphia
On p. viii West says that the man's rea
name was Williams, and he took that o
Penrose from a great shipbuilder. Now
Wornum mentions that West receivec
instruction, when at Philadelphia, from a
painter named Williams (' Imperial Die
tionary of Universal Biography,' iii. 1327)
and he refers to Gait's ' Life of West.' This
seems to show that Penrose was not i
Robinson Crusoe, but an Alexander Selkirk
Perhaps some reader can prove whether the
book is fictitious or not. If it is, it is an
unwarrantable liberty to take with West's
name, unless he himself was mistaken.

D. J.

[Halkett and Laing state that John Eagles was
the author.]

SLAVERY IN ENGLAND. I should be
much obliged to any correspondent who
would inform me as to the supposed number
of slaves in this country about 1772, when
Lord Mansfield's decision declared such
servitude illegal. INQUIRES,.

ANNE PLANTAGENET, DUCHESS OF EXETER.
I am anxious to collect as much infor-
mation as possible about this royal lady, my
ancestress. She was born in 1439 at
Fotheringhay ; married to Henry Holland,
Duke of Exeter, whom, apparently, she
divorced in 1472 (?) ; married secondly
Sir Thomas St. Leger in 1473-4 ; had one
daughter by her second marriage, Anne, who
married George Manners, Lord Roos ; and
died about 1479. The tomb of herself and
her husband Sir Thomas St. Leger is, or
was, in St. George's Chapel, Windsor. I find
she had a daughter by her first marriage, who
apparently died young. Was her husband the
Thomas St. Leger executed by Richard III.
for being concerned in an insurrection against
the King in 1484 ? Are any particulars

of Anne's divorce known ? Any details
which can be given me, or directions where
to find such details, I shall receive grate-
fully. I have other royal descents, but the
one through Anne is the last, and conse-
quently the most interesting. HELGA.

AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED.

1. The tombs of Macleod and Maclean, of Maclean

and Macleod,

They stand in the wind and the rain, and the
drift of the white sea shroud.

2. He came on the Angel of Victory's wing,

But the Angel of Death was awaiting the king.

3. He died, as such a man should die,
In the hot clasp of Victory.

4. Et la bonne vieille de dire,
Moitie larmes, moitie sourires,
J'ai mon gars, soldat, comme toi.

W. EDWARD OSWELL.

LATIN LINES. Whence are the following
lines taken ? Apart from the authorship,
there can be, I think, but little question as
to the truth conveyed :

Errata alterius quisques correxerit, ilium
Plus satis invidise, gloria nulla manet.

EDWARD LATHAM.

FLAVIAN MONKS. In the 'Romische Tage-
biicher ' of Ferdinand Gregorovius (Stutt-
gart, 1893), p. 124, and under date " Genez-
zano, 13 August, 1861," the following entry
occurs in a description of La Mentorella, in
the Campagna :

" Basilica und Kloster, wo Flavische Monche sich
befinden, liegen auf dem riffartig herausspringenden
Felsen in unoeschreiblich schoner Einsamkeit."

Will some one please say what is meant
by " Flavische Monche " ? I am told that
the Italian translation has ftoridi for " Fla-
vische." C. C. B.

HATCHING CHICKENS WITH ARTIFICIAL
HEAT. In Thomas More's 'Utopia' (first
printed in 1551) occurs the following :

" They brynge vp a great multitude of pulleyne
and that by a meruaylouse policye. For the hennes
doe not sytte vpon the egges : but by keepynge
x ,heym in a certayne equall heate they brynge lyi'e
nto them and hatche theyrn."

When was this idea first put in practice ?
The incubator now in use is quite a modern
nvention. HENRY FISHWICK.

The Heights, Rochdale.

WINDMILLS IN SUSSEX. Can any reader
nform me if there are any returns by which
he number of windmills in Sussex can
)e ascertained ? P. M.

JOHN LAW OF LAURISTON. From a
newspaper cutting I find that some years

150

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL FEB. 23, 1907.

ago a collection of over 400 books relating
to John Law of Lauriston, the famous
financier, was sold by auction in London.
I shall be greatly obliged if any one will
kindly inform me when the sale took place
and in whose rooms. JOHN A. FAIRLEY.
3, Barnton Gardens, Davidson's Mains, Midlothian.

N. F. ZABA. This Polish exile was living
in Great Britain during part of the last
century. Some of his writings are named
in the British Museum Catalogue. I have,
however, a work entitled ' N. F. Zaba's
Method,' which is not in that Catalogue. It
consists of a sheet of linen on which are
printed a large number of black squares,
on some of which are coloured marks ; and
the whole is folded, and enclosed in a stiff
pocket. The ' Method ' is quite unintelli-
gible to me, and I should be glad to hear
from any reader who has a copy and can
explain the meaning. M.

CHAVASSE FAMILY. I desire to find out if
one Claude Chavasse came to England with
Lord Derwentwater in the seventeenth
century, and how to trace him afterwards.

Also I want to find out if there is or was a
cottage at Lichfield called the Frenchman's
Cottage where a prisoner named Chavasse
is said to have been kept.

EMMA DURHAM.

TRISTAN AND ISOLDE.
(10 S. vii. 50.)

I CANNOT vouch for the veracity of the
story as told by Sir Thomas Malory, of
which L. E. is probably aware, but doubt-
less there is a substratum of truth, and some
scintilla of evidence in favour of such is,
I think, to be found in some place-names
of early Dublin, Phoenix Park, and Chapel-
izod. Isolde was an Irish princess, and
certainly gave her name to the last-named
place.

My first contention is that the story
either originally emanated from Dublin, or
was publicly accepted by its inhabitants as
a well-authenticated fact. The following
is from the 'Liber Albus,' the White Book
of the City of Dublin : _

f a " d . commonalty of the city of

p f f thei , r - bel ^ ed and faithful c lerk
Picot, for his praiseworthy service* thp
tower which is called Buoyant, situated upon the
bank near Isolda's gate, together with all the land
adjacent between the street, through which the
passage is from the aforesaid Isolda's to wlr towards

the church of St. Olave's, and extending from the
street as far as the new wall towards the water of
Auenlyf (Liffey)."

Now the inference which one draws from
this extract is that, though Butavant was
an older tower, Isolda's was better known
as a well-defined and popular landmark.
These river towers, which formed part of the
city walls, must have been one or two
centuries old when this was written (1261),
and they certainly carried their original
names. Now not only have we an Isolda's
Tower and Gate, but there was also Isoud's
Lane. Further, Ysorde and Ysolt were
used as female Christian names in early
Dublin. These names would suggest that no
story had such passionate interest for the
citizens of Dublin in the eleventh and
twelfth centuries as the great love romance
of Isolde. That this hot interest is solely
due to close local association is definitely
proved by the fact that Tristan, who plays
the major part in all the literature on the
subject, is never once mentioned. Local
traditions, possibly historic facts, are per-
petuated in these place - names. Passing
westwards to what is now the Phcenix
Park, we find in ' The Record of the Riding
of the Franchises of Dublin ' in 1603 :

" They past over the water of the Canimocke,
and went betwixte the arrable land called now the
Leis of Kilmainham, and the meddowe under that,
and soe directly westward to that parte of the
meddowe that Iveth opposite upppn that parte of
the hill called Kilmahennockes hill, and nowe the
hill of Isold's font, which is a bowshot of the west
syde of Isold's font, and west of Ellen Hoare's
meddowe, over which font is a great hathorn tre

and then tooke horse and rode east\yard over

and by north Isold's font, and to the font itself e."

Notice must be taken of the important
fact that both hill and font were viewed as
distinctive landmarks, and recognized as
such by the city fathers, for they were used
to mark the boundary of their civic juris-
diction. This in itself goes to show that these
were notable places of resort, and the rill
or font or well was certainly regarded as
the trysting-place of Isolde and Tristan.

I have sought to locate the hill and font.
From the various accounts they were north
of the Liffey, and near Ellen Hoare's meadow,
which was evidently between the hill and
the highway. From the descriptions rather
minutely detailed, the hill can be none other
than what to-day is known as the Magazine
Hill in the Phoenix Park, and the little rill
at its base which, alas ! dribbles through
thick mud and rotten vegetation had some
connexion with the historic font. Traces
of a good-sized pool are still to be noted,

10 s. vii. FEB. 23, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

151

and the age-blackened trunk of an ancient
hawthorn still stands at its head. War-
burton speaks in his history of Dublin of
" Isolde's fort in the park." Some small
fortress probably topped this hill, and the
familiar name lingered on, even into the
seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Let
us continue to proceed westwards, to the
place where still her name alone perpetuates
her ancient renown. Tradition states that
the little chapel that gave the district its
name was reared and endowed by Isoud in
the year 519. This is, of course, beyond
verification ; but the remains of an ante-
Norman chapel not far away lend some colour
at least to the antiquity of the district as an
inhabited area. Isoud's chapel has entirely
disappeared. For long it stood in a ruined
condition, and some of the older inhabitants
have vague recollections of it as a place of
worship, and remember that a large section
of the congregation were forced, through
lack of room, to kneel outside. It stood a
little distance from the present Protestant
church. The name Chapelizod can be traced
back in State documents to the eleventh
and twelfth centuries. Stanihurst in 1577
states, " There is a village hard by Dublin,
called of the said la Beale, Chappel Isoud."
Of late years the old square tower attached
to the Protestant Church has become a sort
of rallying-point for the growing cult of
Isolde. It is said to have been erected in
the sixteenth century ; probably the material
was taken from an older building, and in
this way the chain of association was pre-
served. At least it must have stood for
centuries in the vicinity of the little historical
chapel. It has no rival in the village as an
object of antiquarian interest, and should
serve as a permanent memorial to the beau-
tiful Gaelic princess, whose love and piety
stood sponsors for the nomenclature of the
district. The question suggests itself, When
did Isolde build this little chapel ? Cer-
tainly not before she left Ireland with
Tristan for Cornwall. I have had to resort
to pure conjecture for a satisfying solution.
Malory tells us that King Mark tracked
Tristan to the castle of Joyous Gard (which
has been identified with Bamburgh Castle,
sixteen miles south-east of Berwick), where
he treacherously slew him ; and further
we are told that " La Beale Isoud died
swooning upon the cross of Sir Tristram,
whereof was great pity." The chronicle
does not convey that her death immediately
followed that of her lover ; one may con-
jecture that she returned home to Ireland,
and, following the example of Guenever,

entered a religious house. This would be
the time she reared and endowed the chapel
which has perpetuated her name in her native
land. Dante, when visiting the lovers'
quarters in Hell, recognized many an un-
happy pair who on earth loved *' not wisely,
but too well." He noticed Tristan there,
but makes no mention of Isolde. Dante
possibly was aware that she had expiated
her sins by a life of severe penance and holy
deeds, and that from the swoon of death,
her eyes fixed on the symbol of divine love
which belonged to her beloved Tristan, she
finally passed to the Paradise of the Blessed.

I have already encroached too much on
the precious space of ' N. & Q.' Perhaps
in a subsequent paper I may be allowed to
tell something of the history and destruction
of the interesting Isolde Tower that for
centuries was part of the ancient walls of
Dublin. W. A. HENDERSON.

Dublin.

It was in Brittany not in the castle
which the vanquished giant Beliagog had
made for him, but in that of Queen Ysonde
of the White Hand that Tristram died of
his poisoned wound. But the fair Ysonde
(Isolde) of Cornwall arrived too late in answer
to her lover's summons :

' Like a wearied child, she sobbed herself to sleep
upon his breast. Neither did any disturb her

more, for they knew how fast her slumber was

King Mark sent and fetched their bodies to Corn-
wall Together he laid them in a fair tomb within

a chapel, tall, and rich in carven work ; and above
he set a statue of the fair Ysonde, wrought skilfully
in her very likeness as she lived. And from Sir
Tristram's grave there grew an eglantine which
twined about the statue, a marvel for all men to
see ; and though three times they cut it down, it
grew again, and ever wound its arms about the
image of the fair Ysonde (Isolde)."
See ' Sir Tristrem ' in Sir G. W. Cox's
' Popular Romances of the Middle Ages,'
1871, pp. 245-67 ; Wheeler's ' Noted Names
in Fiction,' s.v. * Isolde ' and ' Tristram ' ;
and Warton's ' History of English Poetry.'
But in no instance is the place of burial
given. J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL.

Deene, Streatham, 8.W.

Isolde was the wife of a fabulous King
Mark of Cornwall, the uncle of Tristan or
Tristram. Their history is related by
Thomas the Rhymer and many others.
According to Yonge, the original meaning
of the name Tristram is said to have been
" noise," " tumult " ; but from the influ-
ence of Latin upon Welsh (!), it came to
mean " sad." In ' Morte d' Arthur * it is
explained as signifying " sorrowful birth,"
and is said to have been given to Tristram

152

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL FEB. 23, 1907.

by his mother, who died almost as soon as
she had brought him into the world.

R. S. B.

POONAH PAINTING (10 S. vii. 107). Two
well-remembered accessories of my golden
age were a tubby little copy of ' The Boy's
Own Book,' inherited from an earlier gene
ration, and a smart, red-coated, gilt-edgec
volume which offered itself as ' The Girl's
Own Book.' and was, compared with th
other, " as moonlight unto sunlight, anc
as water unto wine." It was, however, o
it that I thought when I saw DR. MURRAY'S
question, for I believed that it conveyec
the mystery of Poonah painting ; and
having obtained the loan of the book from
a working nursery, I am glad to find thai
I was right. I have before me a copy of the
fourteenth edition of ' The Girl's Own
Book,' by Mrs. Child (author of ' The Mother's
Book,' ' Frugal Housewife,' ' Mother's Story
Book,' &c.), which was published by Willian
Tegg & Co., Cheapside, in 1848. The direc-
tions for Poonah painting are set forth on
pp. 208-9. I read :

" This style of painting requires nothing but care
and neatness. The outline of whatever you wish to
paint is drawn with the point of a needle on trans-
parent paper, and then cut out with sharp scissors.
No two parts of the bird, or flower, which touch
each other, must be cut on the same piece of paper.
Thus, on one bit of transparent paper, I cut the
top and bottom petal of a rose ; on another piece I
cut the leaves of the two opposite sides, &c. Some
care is required in arranging the theorems, so that
no two parts, touching each other, shall be used at
the same time. It is a good plan to make a drawing
on a piece of white paper, and mark all No. 1 upon
the leaves you can cut on the first theorem, without
having them meet at any point ; No. 2 on all you
can cut in the same way on the second theorem, and
so on. After all the parts are in readiness, lay your
theorem upon your drawing-paper, take a stiff' brush
of bristles, cut like those used in velvet colours, fill
it with the colour you want, and put it on as dry as
you possibly can, moving the brush round and round
in circles, gently, until the leaf is coloured as deep
as you wish. Where you wish to shade, rub a brush
tilled with the dark colour you want carefully round
and round the spot you wish to shade. Petal after
petal, leaf after leaf, is done in this way, until the
perfect flower is formed. No talent for drawing is
necessary in this work ; for the figure is traced on
transparent j>aper, and then the colours are rubbed
over the holes in the same manner they paint canvass
carpeta. In the choice of colours ' you must be
guided by the pattern you copy. The light colour
which ronns the groundwork is put on first, and the
darker colours shaded on after it is quite dry. Green
leaves should be first made bright yellow; then done
over with bright green ; then shaded with indigo.
A very brilliant set of colours in powder have been
prepared for this kind of painting ; if these be used,
they must be very faithfully ground with a bit of
giaes, or smooth ivory. If the colours be put on

wet, they will look very badly. The transparent
paper can be prepared in the following manner :
Cover a sheet of letter-paper with spirits of turpen-
tine, and let it dry in the air ; then varnish one side
with copal varnish ; when perfectly dry, turn it and
varnish the other side."

I hope the above description of Poonah-
painting method may satisfy DR. MURRAY,
but I should require something more lucid
if I wished to practise the spurious art. The
part about the paper is clear enough. As
to the brushes, I fancy I once possessed
some which I inherited with an old paint-
box. They were round, flat ended, and
perhaps from a quarter to half an inch in
diameter. I think DR. MURRAY postdates
the vogue of Poonah painting by about
twenty years. It was not fashionable in
1856. ST. SWITHIN.

My recollection of Poonah painting as a
boy is that it was a kind of stencilling.
Poonah paper was a sheet of some rather
thick, semi-transparent substance. Out of
this were cut the shapes of leaves, petals of
flowers, &c. The Poonah paper was laid
on the paper to be ornamented, and colour
applied to the cut-out spaces with a stiff
brush cut flat at the end. The apertures
were moved about till a perfect flower had
been formed. SHERBORNE.

Sherborne House, Northleach.

Pigot & Co.'s 'Directory' for 1822-3
under Cheltenham has " Stanton, Mrs.,
Indian poonah painter, 21, Bath Street."
HENRY JOHN BEARDSHAW.

27, Northumberland Road, Sheffield.

PICTURES AT TEDDINGTON (10 S. vii.

88, 136). These pictures represent Sibyls.

Their names have suffered somewhat in

the process of restoration or in that of

transcription. " Silvia Samai " evidently

= Sibylla Samia (the Samian Sibyl). " S.

Edifica " I conjecture to be Sibylla Delfica

Pelphica), the Sibyl of Delphi. (Have letters

n " Samia" and " Delfica," and perhaps in

some other names, been painted above the

"ine, and thus led to error in copying ?)

' Silvia Europea " might be Sibylla Euboica

another name for the Sibyl of Cumse),

unless Europea be here used to describe

some Sibyl ordinarily known by another

name (the Sibylla Cimmerica ?). " S. JEri-

rea " is the Erythraean Sibyl. " S. Agrip-

3ina " I do not recognize. Is she Sibylla

^gyptia (although this latter has been

dentified with S. Persica) ? The Persian,

Phrygian, and Tiburtine Sibyls offer no

iifficulty.

The medallion picture representing the

10 s. VIL FEB. 23, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

153

Nativity refers to the legendary belief that
the Sibyls prophesied the coining of Christ.

The number of the Sibyls is variously
given. Lactantius ('Inst.,' i. 6), quoting
from a lost work of Varro, enumerates ten.
Among well-known representations of the
Sibyls in art may be mentioned Michael
Angelo's on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel,
Raphael's in the church of S. Maria della
Pace (Rome), and those in the marble
pavement of the Duomo at Sienna.

EDWARD BENSLY.

University College, Aberystwyth.

The paintings represent eight Sibyls.
The epithets of locality attached to each of
them should probably be (in the order of
the query) as follows : Samia, Delphica,
Cumsea, Erythraea, ^Egyptia, Persica, Phrygia
(or Frigia), and Tiburtina.

S. G. HAMILTON.

SLAVERY IN THE UNITED STATES : ITS
CESSATION (10 S. vii. 41). I am glad that
my careless blunder in confusing Lincoln's
Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 with
the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitu-
tion of the United States adopted in 1865
has met with such prompt correction from
MR. FORREST MORGAN of Hartford and
MR. J. G. EWING of Chicago.

ALBERT MATTHEWS.
Boston, Mass.

: " CElL-DE-BOEUF," FRENCH

SLANG WORDS (10 S. vii. 8, 50). Information
gathered from slang dictionaries, Littre,
and a Parisian friend enables me to state
that thune or tune now belongs to what is
called argot des malfaiteurs, that it is not a
very well-known word, and that it actually
means money in general rather than a five-
franc piece. The last assertion is proved
from the expression une thune, de cinq balles,
that is, une piece de cinq francs.

The origin of the term is not clear ; but
may I suggest that it might come from the
word time, derived from tun ? (" Tun, s.m. !
Nom donne dans le departement du Nord a j
la craie glauconieuse," Littre.) It is true i
that chalk and money do not seem nearly !
related ; but when we find that another i
slang name for it in French is pldtre, we may j
reasonably suppose that the whiteness of j
chalk and plaster must have suggested !
silver.

As MR. PLATT is collecting popular names
of coins, perhaps the following list of words
will interest him. They all mean money j
in French modern slang : Nerf de la guerre ;
quibus ; beurre ; biscuit ; braise ; galette i

(" avoir de la galette " ; " il n'a pas de
galette ") ; os ; picaillons ; pognon and
poignon ; radis ; rond. Among these braise
and galette seem favourites.

In conclusion, I will say that in older
slang tune and tunebee were used for Bicetre
(depot-de mendicite) ; that tuner meant to
beg, and tuneur a beggar. But these are
now marked as antiquated, and the same
may be said of tune and wil-de-bceuf in the
sense of a five-franc piece.

M. HAULTMONT.

" (Eil de b<ruf. Piece de cinq francs."
'" Thune. Piece de cinq francs dans 1'argot des
voleurs. On dit aussi Thime de cinq balle*.
See ' Dictionnaire de la Langue Verte,' by
Alfred Delvau, pp. 316 and 439 (Paris,
C. Marpin et E. Flammarion, 1883).

T. F. D.

The ' Dictionnaire d' Argot, Fin de Siecle,'
by Charles Virmaitre (Paris, 1894), states
that tuner, to beg, is apocope of importuner,
and that the word for the Prison de la Force,
demolished in 1850, was tunobe, not tune ;
other dictionaries give tune^on. It is pos-
sible that the word for a five-franc piece is
unconnected with the last two words.
On p. 51, supra, read broque for beogue.

H. P. L.

May T add a few words to the list already
given ?

Piece d'or, bonnet jaunc, boutou, nap, ceil de
perdrix, senaque, sigle, signe.

Piece d'argent, sonnette.

Piece de 5fr., gourdoche.

Piece de 2fr., larantque.

Piece de Ifr., point.

Piece de 50 c., planchisseuse, petite pistole.

Piece de 20 c., invalicle, lasque.

Piece de 10 c.,Udv.

Piece de 5 c., broque, dirling, petard, rotin.

Centimes, bidoches.

EDWARD LATHAM.

Thune is not in any way connected with
Lat. thunnus, a tunny fish, as H. P. L.
opines. In Victor Hugo's 'Notre Dame
de Paris,' bk. ii. chap, vi., it is stated that
the Roi de Thunes (Tunis) was the recognized
head or king of the Parisian beggars, in
company with the Duke of Egypt and the
Emperor of Galilee, who held sway respect-
ively over the gipsies and the Jews : hence,
in the language of French thieves, thune,
apparently derived from " Tunis " signifies
" pieces," or money in general. Thune de
cinq balles, or simply Thune, means a five-
franc piece, as thune de camelotte does
spurious money. Bille, from billon, base coin,
is another rogues' word for money ; while
billemont is their denomination for paper

154

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL FEB. 23, 1907.

money. See ' Argot and Slang,' by Albert
Barrere (London, Whittaker, 1889).

N. W. HILL.
Philadelphia.

WARD SURNAME (10 S. vii. 109). What-
ever be the origin of the Manx form, it is
quite certain that, in most instances, Ward
is native English. Bardsley rightly points
out that the English name has really tivo
origins, closely related. Thus in 1273 we
meet with " Thomas le Warde," i.e., Thomas
the guard, warder, or guardian, from the
A.-S. iveard, a warder, so ancient that it
occurs in ' Beowulf.' And secondly, also
in 1273, we meet with a name of local or
official origin, in the case of " Walter de la
Warde," i.e. Walter of the guard, from the
A.-S. weard, fern. sb. (genitive wearde), a
ward, a watch, a guard. There can be no
doubt as to these results.

WALTER W. SKEAT.

See 9 S. iii. 8, 72. The Gaelic Ward has
nothing to do with the English Ward. The
latter comes from two sources. In most
ases it is an official name, having the mean-
ing of watchman or guard. Sometimes,
however, it is local, meaning at the place
of the ward or guard. In early documents
these two forms are kept distinct, the official
name appearing as " le Ward," the terri-
torial name as " de la Ward."

JAS. PLATT, Jun.

This name, though scattered over a
large part of England, is found in greatest
number in Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, and
in the Midland counties, especially those
of Leicester and Rutland, Notts, Derby,
Stafford, Warwick, Northampton, Cam-
bridge, &c. It is infrequent in the four
northernmost counties of England, and is
similarly absent or relatively uncommon in
the counties to the south of a line joining
Bristol and London. The name signifies a
ward or keeper, and we find it with this
meaning in such compound names as Wood-
ward, the old title of a forest-keeper *
Milward, the keeper of a mill (probably
some manorial or monastic mill), and Mil-
man, the same ; Kenward, the dog-keeper,
or more probably Kineward, the cow-keeper.
Aylward, the ale-keeper; Durward, the
porter or door-keeper ; Hayward, the keeper
of a common herd of cattle belonging to
some town ; while the extinct Doveward

" An officer that walks with a forest-bill and
takes cognizance of all offences committed, at the
"rt swain-mote or court of attachments " (Bailey's

was probably a keeper of the manorial
pigeons.

The births, deaths, and marriages of
persons bearing the surname of Ward
registered in one year, viz., between 1 July,
1837, and 30 June, 1838, both inclusive,
were 985 births, 811 deaths, and 522 mar-
riages.

In 1852 there were 187 traders bearing the
surname of Ward, according to the * London
Directory ' of that date.

ALFRED SYDNEY LEWIS.

Library, Constitutional Club.

My grandmother's maiden name (on the
maternal side) was Ward. She belonged
to the West Riding of Yorkshire branch.
The Wards have intermarried w r ith my own
family for generations ; indeed, my only
sister's present name is Ward. Like MR.
C. S. JERRAM, I have always been given to
understand it represented " Guard," and
this impression finds confirmation in the
pages of ' The Norman People,' an anony-
mous work published, in 1874, by H. S.
King & Co., and dedicated by the author
" To the memory of Percy, Viscount Strang-
ford." Therein (pp. 440-1) we read :

" Ward, from Gar. or Garde, near Corbeil, Isle of
France. Ingelram de Warda occurs in Northants,
1130, and Ralph de Gar, in Norfolk t. Henry II.
(Blomefield, ix. 5). John de Warda of Norfolk
occurs 1194 (R.C.R.). In 1286 and 1290 Stephen de
Ware and Thomas de Ware are mentioned as hold-
ing fiefs there (ibid., 359-360). From the latter
descended, the Lords of Tottington, Pickenham,
and Dudlington, of whom John Ward (14th cen-
tury) acquired Kirkby - Beadon, and from him
lineally descended the first Lord Ward and the
Earls of Dudley.

" The Viscounts Bangor descend from a branch
seated in Yorkshire, where Robert de la Gar (12th
century) gave lands to Selby Abbey (Burton, ' Mon.
Ebor.,' 396), after which, Simon Warde held a
Knight's fee in York, 1195 (Lib. Nig.), and, with
William his son, gave lands to Esholt Priory
(ibid., 139). Robert de la Warde was summoned
by writ, as a baron, 1299. A branch settled in
Ireland t. Elizabeth, from which descend the
Viscounts Bangor."

HARRY HEMS.

Fair Park, Exeter.

CALIFORNIA^ ENGLISH : AMERICAN COIN-
NAMES (10 S. vi. 381 ; vii. 36, 136). I
think MR. PENNY'S suggestion (ante, p. 37)
that ticky is a corruption of tizzy, from tester
Fr. teston, a very good one, though I doubt
if it can be authenticated. I have never
lieard the derivation of the word discussed,
but from my knowledge of South Africa
I am disposed to connect it with tick, Du.
teek or tiek, a mite, of the family Acarina
(Ixodidse). Diminutives, it may be ob-

10 s. vii. FEB. 23, loo:.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

155

served, abound both in Dutch and in Cape
Dutch. Those who have visited the
country districts of the colony will be familiar
with that noisome pest, the cattle tick, an
elongated organism of shiny leaden hue
considerably longer than the more circular
bush tick which speedily attaches itself
to the skins of horses and cattle when they
run loose upon the veldt, and frequently
ruins the udders of cows by eating away
one or more of the teats. In size and
general appearance it offers a certain resem-
blance to the small threepenny bit, to which
the lively imagination of the native Boe
may, I can well believe, have compared it
from the liability of the coin to get easil^
lost, and its being often hard to obtain a"
change away from the larger towns wher
coppers, by the by, are alone procurable
This is, of course, only my conjecture ; bu
perhaps some African correspondent o
' N. & Q.' will be able to throw furthe
light upon a matter that is of more than loca
interest. X. W. HILL.

Philadelphia.

BEV. R. GRANT (10 S. vii. 88). Some
account of the Rev. Richard Grant will b
found in Miss Mary G. Lupton's ' Historj
of the Parish of Blackbourton,' printed bj
the Oxfordshire Archaeological Society, 8vo
Banbury, 1903, pp. 101-3.

W. D. MACBAY.

'THE HISTORY OF SELF-DEFENCE ' (10 S
vi. 489). Might the author of this book
have been Sir R. L'Estrange, who nourished
at the same period, and was also a Carolist
He too, in the first edition of ' An Accounl
of the Growth of Knavery ' (London, 1678)
p. 61, uses " President " in the sense oi
precedent ; and this does not seem to have
been a common mistake in English books
at that period.

On p. 6 of the ' Account ' he speaks of
" Transprosing the First Painter." On
p. 63, he asks, " How many Reverend
Divines were poyson'd in Peter-House ? "
and says :

"I could give you the History of their Spiriting
away several Persons of Honour for Slaves; their
Sale of three, or four score Gentlemen to the
Barbadoes."

Sir Roger, however, does not fill his book
with so many theological arguments as one
finds in ' The History of Self-Defence.'

EDWARD S. DODGSON.

STATUES OF THE GEORGES (10 S. vii. 66).

I do not think it can be said that all the

statues mentioned by MR. LYNN are ignored

by Haydn's 'Dictionary of Dates.' My

edition (1889) refers to the statue of George
III. in Cockspur Street, which I believe
stands exactly at the junction of that street
with Pall Mall.*

Haydn also mentions a statue of George I.
in Grosvenor Square. This was much
mutilated on 11 March. 1727. A contem-
porary account records the following injuries
" the left leg torn off, the sword and
truncheon broken off, the neck hacked as
if designed to cut off the head, and a libel
left at the place." Apparently the statue
was eventually taken away, for Timbs,
writing in 1855 ('Curiosities of London'),
says : " The stone pedestal in the centre
[of the square] once bore an equestrian
statue of George I." Haydn would appear,
therefore, to be somewhat out of date in
recording it amongst " the chief public
statues of London " in 1889. His reference
to a statue of George III. at Somerset House
is, I believe, perfectly correct.

With respect to the statue of George IV.
in Trafalgar Square, I may say that a
trenchant and sarcastic notice thereon
appeared in The Athenceum of 13 Jan., 1844 ;
but in The Illustrated London News of
24 Feb., 1844, a favourable notice was
given, accompanied by an engraving of the
statue.

There is, I believe, a statue of George II.
in Golden Square. Dickens refers to it in
the second chapter of ' Nicholas Nickleby '
as " the mournful statue, the guardian
genius of a little wilderness of shrubs, in
the centre of the square." Another statue
of this monarch is in the Grand Square at
Greenwich Hospital. It represents the king
in the garb of a Roman Emperor, and on the
pedestal is a Latin inscription. In 1748 a
statue of George I. was set up in the centre
of Leicester Square. Having suffered badly
*rom neglect and mutilation, it eventually
in 1874) gave place to the statue of Shake-
peare which now graces the site.

JOHN T. PAGE.
Long Itchington, \Yarwickshire.

With reference to MR. LYNN'S observation
hat " every statue should have a name,"

may relate that some time ago I was
>assiiig (and of course inspecting) the very
ne statue outside the Houses of Parliament,
dien some strangers asked whose statue
hat was. I said, " Richard I.," and passed
n. Then I thought, Am I mistaken, or
annot those people read ? So I returned,

* An engraving of this statue with an account of
s inauguration," appeared in The Mirror of 20 Aug.,

156

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL FEB. 23, 1007

went carefully round the statue, and,
greatly to my astonishment, found there was
no inscription.

This is no worse than the Oxford colleges,
which are all without name, and tens of
thousands of visitors have to be continually
asking, " What is this college ? " In reply
I have been told that it would vulgarize
them to put up names. I can only say
that if all the talent at Oxford can find no
way of putting up the names artistically,
theirs is a sorry case. I should suggest plain
gold and plain letters, not any artistically
involved " black letter," which takes so
long to make out that one gives it up.

RALPH THOMAS.

WEST INDIAN MILITARY RECORDS (10 S.
vi. 428, 476; vii. 14, 78). The following
extract from The Broad Arrow of 26 January
may be of interest (' Promotion Prospects,'
p. 94) :-

"Among the officers who suffer peculiar hard-
ships by reason of these unfortunate reductions
may be instanced those of the West India Regi-
ments, who have endured more of the ' ups and
downs,' the expansions and reductions of military
life than perhaps any other corps. Students of
military history do not need to be reminded of the
terrible mortality among the British troops serving
in the West Indies at the end of the eighteenth
century. In consequence of this excessive death
rate, which shocked even the Ministers of those
days, no fewer than twelve West India Regiments
were raised about 1800, of which however, more
Hcddano, four were reduced two years later, while
the remainder served on until the final fall of the
first Napoleon. Within the next ten years six more
of the West India Regiments were disbanded, but
in 1840 one was added to the two which survived,
and two more w r ere raised some fifteen or sixteen
years later. All these three had however dis-
appeared from the 'Army List' by 1870, and for the
next eighteen years the two regiments which re-
mained were given what no doubt they needed in
common with the Army of to-day a rest. Mr.
Brodrick added a third battalion to what had by
now come to be called the 1st and 2nd Battalions of
the West India Regiment, but Mr. Brodrick's
bantling was strangled almost at its birth."

HERBERT SOTJTHAM.

The 9th, 10th, llth, and 12th West India
Regiments were raised in 1799, and dis-
banded in 1803. Vide 'Army Lists' for
those years. C. J. DURAND, Col.

< J range Villa, Guernsey.

SHAKESPEARE'S RESIDENCE NEW PLACE
(10 S. vii. 66). MR. EDGCUMBE is correct in
thinking that some portions of Shakespeare's
final residence remain. They consist of
parts of the foundations, brought to light
some time ago when a mass of debris was
removed from the site. Carefully guarded
by wire screens from the too-zealous souvenir

grabber, they may now be seen by any
Stratford-on-Avon pilgrim. MR. EDGCUMBE
should consult J. O. Halliwell's ' Account of
New Place,' 1864, folio, and Bellew's work
on the same subject, ' Shakespeare's House
at New Place,' 1863, 8vo ; and I would add
that Mr. W. C. Hazlitt's 'Life of Shake-
speare ' also deserves " universal study."

WM. JAGGARD.
Liverpool.

QUEEN VICTORIA or SPAIN : NAME-DAY
(10 S. vii. 30, 76). Is MR. GRISSELL right in
calling the Queen-Consort of His Catholic
Majesty " Her Catholic Majesty " ? At any
rate, he is wrong in saying that " when she-
was conditionally baptized " she took only
the additional name of Mary. She took
the additional name of Christina also, in
honour of the Queen Mother. Her full name-
now is Victoria Eugenia Julia Ena Maria
Christina, but the ' Almanach de Gotha '
drops " Julia Ena Maria."

JOHN B. WAINE WRIGHT.

"CHURCHYARD COUGH" (10 S. vii. 7).
This expression has long been familiar to me.
I inherited a cough of this description from
my venerable mother, who died the year
before last, at the age of eighty-five. She
was subject to a similar cough all her life.
I remember the use of the term particularly
well. As a young man I lodged in 1863
with an old lady in Camberwell. Once,
when I had been " barking " rather more
than usual, I said, in reply to her remark
of sympathy, " Oh ! I shall be all right
when I get rid of this cough." " Ah ! "
she said, gravely and with emphasis, " you
will never lose that churchyard cough in
this world." As a matter of absolute fact,
that surmise (expressed nearly forty-four
years ago) has, so far, proved correct, for I
still suffer from the same weakness. The
name only has changed. My doctor calls it
" gout in the throat." HARRY HEMS.

Fair Park, Exeter.

This expression is by no means dying out
either in Northamptonshire or Warwickshire.
It is still a hackneyed expression, and con-
tinually used by all classes of society con-
cerning persons who have bad colds accom-
panied by a harsh, barking cough. I have
known the term all my life, and besides the
two counties named I have met with it in
London and Essex in fact, it seems to be
quite cosmopolitan. JOHN T. PAGE.

Long Itchington, Warwickshire.

This term has been applied to the hollow
cough which ends with a rattle of crepita-

10 s. vii. FEB. 23, loo:.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

157

tions. It is heard at the final stage of
pulmonary consumption. MEDICULUS.

HOLED - STONE FOLK - LOBE : " NIGHT-
HAGS " (10 S. vii. 26). The fairies plat the
manes of horses, and make elf-locks in order
to ride. Keightley in his ' Fairy Mythology,'
speaking of the French fairies, says :

'They are fond of mounting and galloping the
horses ; their seat is on the neck, and they tie
together locks of the mane to form stirrups."
Mercutio in ' Romeo and Juliet ' says :
This is that very Mab,

That plats the manes of horses in the night ;

And bakes the elf-locks in foul sluttish hairs,

\Yhich, once untangled, much misfortune bodes.
Mercutio also speaks of Mab as a hag, who is
-the same as the nightmare.

The night-hag, of whom Milton speaks
in ' Paradise Lost,' is not one that rides
horses. She is a spirit, supposed to hurt
children, and may be identical with Lilith.
Perhaps the riding fairy has been confounded
-with her without reason. In popular tra-
dition the fairies are sometimes confounded
with witches or devils. E. YARDLEY.

As a contribution to the folk-lore of night-
hags, I may mention that I used to hear
from my father of a woman in Hampshire
-who was accustomed to hang a scythe over
her children's bed. When asked the reason,
she replied, " It's to keep the hags from
riding the childer by nights." H. T. W.

MARLBOROUGH WHEELS (10 S. vi. 386,
436). I think I can explain the point in
question. A " malbrouk " or " malbrough "
was a vehicle formerly in vogue in France
;as a kind of stage coach, named, I suppose,
in honour of the victor of Blenheim. It is
this description of carriage, no doubt, that
Mistral had in mind in the verses quoted by
ST. SWITHIN. Larousse cites the following
from Proudhon as descriptive of the " mal-
brough' s " utility : " Expediteurs, destina-
taires, tout le monde reviendra a la Malbrouk,
a la putache ; s'il faut, on desertera la
locomotive." N. W. HILL.

Philadelphia.

HORNSEY WOOD HOUSE : HARRINGAY
HOUSE (10 S. vii. 106). In my 'Place-
Names of Cambridgeshire' (1901) I explain
at full length the origin of names ending in
-ingay, and cannot repeat it all here. Briefly,
they go back to A.-S. -inga-eg, where -inga
is a genitive plural, and eg is the Mercian
form of leg, an island, or place with streams
round or near it. The -ar-, as in dark
[clerk), goes back to A.-S. -er-. Moreover
the^O. Mercian eg is constantly spelt as

heye, haie, &c., by Norman scribes who were
uncertain of their initial sounds. Hence the
thirteenth-century Harengheye comes out
as A.-S. Heringa-f~g, or " island of the
Herings." Hering occurs as a personal
name in the ' A.-S. Chronicle,' Laud MS.,
under the date 603. Hence many English
place-names, such as Harrington, Harring-
worth, Harringay, Herringfleet, Herrington,
from the gen. pi. Heringa ; and Herringswell,
from the gen. sing. Heringes. Observe that
the name Hering actually goes back
to the sixth century ; for Hering in the
' Chronicle ' was grown up in 603.

WALTER W. SKEAT.

MR. MARRIOTT in his most interesting
note refers to the identification of Hornsey
Wood House in 1764 with "The Horns."
The authority for this, as mentioned by
Mr. Wroth (' London Pleasure Gardens,'
p. 169), is ' Low-Life ; or, One Half of the
World Knows not how the Other Half Live,'
p. 46. Here is the passage :
HOUR IX.

From Eight till Nine o'clock on .Sunday morning.

The great Room at 'The Horns' at Hornsey-

Wood, crowded with Men, Women, and Children,
eating Rolls and Butter, and drinking of Tea, at an
extravagant Price.

There was a " Breakfasting-Hutt " near
Sadler's Wells, but this was rather an early
hour for so distant a resort.

Mazzinghi ( ' History and Guide to London,'
1792) provides a further variation of the
name, identifying it, in the account " Of
the most frequented Tea Gardens," as
" Hornsey House."

'The Picture of London,' 1803 (p. 369),
gives its full title and a favourable notice :
" Hornsey - Wood - House and Tea Gardens. A
most interesting place, celebrated for the peculiar
beauty of the wood adjoining. As no expense has
been spared to render this an elegant house of
accommodation, it stands first on the list of places
of this description. Dinners provided for large
parties."

The first work we turn to on matters
relating to suburban London, ' The Ambu-
lator,' does not identify the house by name.
The first edition, 1774, says (p. 94) :

" About a mile nearer this is a coppice of young
trees, called Hornsey Wood, at the entrance of
which is a public-house, to which great numbers of
persons resort from the City. This house, being
situated on the top of a hill, affords a delightful
prospect of the neighbouring country."

The eighth edition, 1796, reprints this, with
a slight alteration more closely indicating
its position as " in the footway from this
village [Hornsey] to Highbury Barn at
Islington." ALECK ABRAHAMS.

158

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. vn FEB. 23, 1907.

" KINGSLEY' s STAND " (10 S. vii. 109).
This name is derived from the heroic conduct
of Kingsley and his regiment at, and imme-
diately after, the battle of Minden. Par-
ticulars are given in Cannon's ' Historical
Record of the 20th Regiment,' pp. 16-19,
where it is stated that

"the severe loss sustained by the regiment at the
battle occasioned Prince Ferdinand to give direc-
tions, on the 2nd of August, in general orders, that
4 Kingsley's Regiment of the British line, from its
severe loss, will cease to do duty'; but the sur-
viving officers and soldiers were animated with zeal
for the service, and a praiseworthy esprit de co/yw
led them to solicit to be permitted to take every
duty which came to their turn, and on the 4th of
August, it was stated in general orders, 'Kingsley's
Regiment, at its own request, will resume its portion
of duty in the line.' "

Kingsley was colonel of the regiment from
1756 to" 1769. His portrait was painted by

Reynolds. The regiment is now
cashire Fusiliers.

the Lan-
W. S.

I have always understood this expression
to refer to the stand that Col. Kingsley
made to keep his regiment in the fighting
line after their distinguished services at the
battle of Minden. The old 20th Regiment
has now become the 1st Battalion of the Lan-
cashire Fusiliers ; but when a separate entity
its territorial title was that of the East
Devon Regiment of Foot, and their nick-
name that of the " Minden. Boys." I have
notes of three books relating to this regi-
ment, viz., the official ' Historical Record of
the 20th or East Devonshire Regiment,
1688-1848,' published by Parker in 1848 ;
Lieut. Barlow's ' Orders, Memoirs, &c.,
connected with the 20th Regiment,' pub-
lished in 1868 ; and ' The History of the
20th Regiment,' by Lieut, and Quarter-
master Smyth, published by Simpkin in
1889. I cannot say at the moment whether
any one of these refers especially to the
expression at the head of this reply.

G. YARROW BALDOCK.

For a description of the feats which gained
the title of " Kingsley's Stand " see the
Hon. J. W. Fortescue's ' History of the
British Army,' 1899, vol. ii. pp. 485-97.

J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.

AUTHORS or QUOTATIONS WANTED (10 S.
vii. 49). In " Timidi nunquam statuerunt
tn>].,eum" there is no need to substitute
statuere for statuerunt, so as to make the words
part of a hexameter. The Latin is the
translation given in Erasmus's ' Adagia '
of a Greek proverb quoted by Plato in his
' Critias ' (108c, 'AA/\a yap d^v/iowres aVSpes
rpoTraiov ecrrv^crav). See p. 691, col. 2,

of J. J. Grynseus's ed. of the ' Adagia '
(1629), under the main heading ' Timiditas.*

Erasmus, it will be seen, before citing
Plato's words, gives the quotation

'AA.A,' 01 yap dOvfj-ovi'Tts av8pes ovirorf.

'fpoTratov ecmjcravTo.

At enim tropheeum nobile hand vnquam viri,

Statuere pauidi,

adding " Suidas ex Eupolide citat." The
attribution to Eupolis is an error due to the
fact that in the early editions of Suidas's-
lexicon two entries have been run into one.
See Gaisford's ed. of Suidas, vol. i. cols. 168-9.
The w r ords, even in the form printed in
Erasmus, are not a metrical success.

EDWARD BENSLY.

[MR. R. PIERPOIXT also refers to Erasmus's
'Adagia.']

ANAGRAMS ON Pius X. (10 S. i. 146, 253).
The words " losephus Cardinalis Sarto," the
official title of the Pope regnant before his
election, yield the following anagrams, which
are not out of place in the present state of
France. It may be that MR. J. B. WAINE-
WRIGHT, in whose reply " men " ought to be
man, has seen others even more a propos.

1. Ruinas fecisti ! Solda oras ! (Thou hast made
ruins : thou beggest for full pay ! These words may
also mean "Thy prayer is. Mend them!" i.e., the
ruins, from the Low Latin verb *otdare.=i,o make
solid.)

L'. Stas Francis e uia doloris. (Thou stanclest up,
from the road to sorrow, for the Francs. )

3. Ast Francis es doloris uia. (But thou art a way
of grief for Frenchmen.)

4. Is lesus al[i]t Francos radio. (This Jesus
nourishes the French with a flash of light.)

."). Francise suis sat doloris. (Enough grief for his

people in France.)
(5. Eius dolor a Francis satis.

Frenchmen is siitticient.)

7. Saluto Francos sine radiis.
men without rods.)

EDWARD

(His grief from the

(I greet French-
S. DODGSON.

" SHADOW - CATCHER " = PHOTOGRAPHER
(10 S. vii. 67). A few years ago a photo-
grapher named Cooper, if I remember
rightly had premises on the east side of
King William Street, London Bridge, and
used to advertise by means of handbills
distributed outside his place of business,
These announcements were always headed :
Of those for whom we fond emotions cherish
Secure the shaclcnv, ere the substance perish.

F. A. RUSSELL.

I remember that forty years ago it was
Considered " funny " to call photographers
' shadow-smashers " and " physog-makers."
' Shadow-catchers " seems an improvement.
The most-used term, however, was " like-
iess-takers." THOS. RATCLIFFE.

10 s. VIL FEB. 23, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

SONNETS BY ALFRED AND FREDERICK
TENNYSON (10 S. vii. 89). Alfred Tenny-
son's sonnet " Me my own Fate to lasting
sorrow doometh," was reproduced in 'Alfred
Lord Tennyson : a Memoir by his Son,'
1897, vol. i. p. 65. It is not included in any
of the authorized editions of Tennyson's
collected works. It was first privately
reprinted by R. H. Shepherd in ' The New
Timon and the Poets, with other Omitted
Poems,' 1876, p. 9.

I am sorry that I cannot give any infor-
mation about Frederick Tennyson's sonnet.

R. A. POTTS.

Alfred Tennyson's sonnet was repub-
lished in ' Alfred, Lord Tennyson ' (vol. i.
p. 67), under the title of ' Lasting Sorrow.'
It may possibly also be found in the ' Sup-
pressed Poems ' of Tennyson by Mr. J. C.
Thomson, of Wimbledon, the editor of a
* Bibliography of Tennyson,' as this gentle-
man claims to have included all the un-
collected poems prior to 1862.

S. BUTTERWORTH.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.

Book of Quotation*, Proverbs, and House-
hold Word*. By W. Gurney Benham. (Cassell
&Co.)

A PORTLY volume of twelve hundred and odd pages
has been issued by Messrs. Cassell under the above
title. The plan of the work is somewhat ambitious,
as it contains not only a large collection of general
quotations, but also more than 200 pages of Latin
proverbs, phrases, &c., besides extracts from Greek,
German, French, and other languages. Then, as if
this were not sufficient for one volume, there is
given an extensive collection of proverbs and mis-
cellaneous waifs and strays, the whole followed by
a complete verbal index of nearly 400 pages. There
is matter enough here for at least three volumes,
and it is probable that the compiler's weakness lies
in his undertaking too much. The quotations are
naturally much the same as those in other collec-
tions, but embody considerable additions which
should be useful. Mr. Benham makes the mistake
of assigning ' Britain's Ida ' to both Spenser and
Phineas Fletcher ; the quotations also from Bailey's
' Festus ' need some definite reference to such a
voluminous poem. It should be noted that the
author acknowledges assistance from our own
columns, which are full of the varied erudition of
many scholars.

The portion devoted to proverbs is the least satis-
factory part of the work. Although, of course, it
is seldom possible to give the author of a proverb,
Ave think that in a collection of this kind the earliest
known instance ought to be furnished. Mr. Benham
appears to have incorporated Heywood's collection
of 1546 and that of Ray, with many parallel
passages from foreign sources, but with few refer-
ences to any earlier work in which the proverbs

j occur. Thus "A fool's bolt is soon shot" is givem
I from Herbert ; but Heywood has the same words.
A still earlier instance is "Sottes bolt is sone
i-scohte" in the ' Proverbs of Alfred,' as published
ooth by Wright and Halli well in 'Reliquiae An tiquse''
ind the Early English Text Society; while "Wim-
mennes bolt is sone schote " appears in ' Sir Beues
of Hamtoun,' also issued by the E.E.T.S. "A
burnt child tire dredth " is given from Heywood,,
with a reference to Chaucer ; but

Brend child fur dredth,

Quoth Hendyng,
is among the proverbs of Hendyng printed in
Wright and Halliwell. "If the mountain will not
come to Mahomet, Mahomet will go to the mountain,"
is assigned to Ray's collection ; but Bacon has it in
Essay xii. on ' Boldness.' Many other instances
could be given.

Among ' Household Words ' " The Republic of
Letters " is given to Goldsmith ; but Fielding, in
'Tom Jones, bk. xiv. chap, i., had used it before
him. "Bag and baggage is quoted from Richard
Huloet's 'Abecedarium Anglico - Latinum pro-
Tyrunculis,' 1552 ; but earlier instances may be
found in Berners's translation of Froissart, published
in 1525.

Still, if the work does not satisfy everybody,
it will be much used, as the index is long and
thorough.

Birmingham and Midland, Institute: Birmingham

Archaeological, Society Transaction*. No. 7. (Wai-

sall, printed for subscribers only.)
MB. J. A. Cossixs gives an account of what must
have been a very interesting excursion. The first
place at which the party stopped was Wootton
Warwen, but on the way they passed near Henley,
a hill on which fornierly stood one of the Montfort
castles, which it is thought was destroyed some
time during the Wars of the Roses. It is, however,
almost certain that the hill had been entrenched!
and fortified in days long before castles, as we-
understand the term, were built in this country.
The little church on the lower part of the hill is of
the twelfth century. It is suggested that it also-
was a work of the Montforts. The streets of
Henley are wide, perhaps for the sake of holding
markets. The fourteenth - century cross must, so>
late as the beginning of the last century, have been
a noteworthy object. Since then it has been shame-
fully mutilated. Now the head has entirely gone ;
and had it not been for the intervention of the
Birmingham Institute, the shaft also would have
probably perished.

There is a fifteenth-century pulpit at Woottoa
Warwen, which, as we see it in the engraving that
is furnished, must have suffered little damage in
the course of four centuries. Coughton Court was
visited. The moat has been filled up, and much
tasteless havoc was perpetrated about 1780; but
the tower gateway yet remains, and is regarded as
one of the noblest buildings of the kind in England.

'The Hundreds of Warwickshire,' by Mr. B.
Walker, is an elaborate paper, the result of great
labour. The courts of some of the hundreds held
for the recovery of small debts existed till quite
modern days. Though interesting as survivals from
remote times, they had become so subject to abuse
that very few persons were sorry to be rid of them.

Mr. John Humphreys has a paper on ' The
Habingtons of Hindlip and The Gunpowder Plot/

160

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL FEB. 23, 1907.

Jt contains an engraving of Hindlip Hall, which
was evidently a highly picturesque Tudor mansion.
It was pulled down long ago. We are told by a
writer who had seen it that it contained many
hiding-places and secret passages.

Mr. R. H. Murray's paper on the evolution ot
church chancels will be found useful in many
respects. The engravings showing the arrangement
of the chancels during the Puritan ascendancy are
important contributions to knowledge. The writer,
who is evidently a humorous person, tells a story of
a certain church in Gloucestershire where a stranger
clergyman, on a certain occasion, was called upon
to preach, and was asked by the churchwarden if
he would deliver his discourse from the reading-
desk, as a hen-turkey was sitting on her nest in the
pulpit. A similar tale is current as to several of
the churches in the fenlands of the East Coast, with
the variation that a goose takes the place of the
turkey. The story occurs in Arthur Young's
* General View of the Agriculture of the County of
Lincoln,' 1799, p. 437 ; but it is probably far older
than his time.

The Quarterly Review : January, 1907. (Murray.)
' FOXHUNTING OLD AND NEW ' is an admirable
paper. It is unsigned, but obviously written by
some one who has had a manysided experience of
the sport. He is not only conversant with Beck-
ford's ' Thoughts on Hunting,' but also knows his
Nimrod and Surtees, as well as many of the earlier
and more recent sporting books. The writer gives
what seems to be a complete catalogue of the ladies
who own packs of hounds at this day, and it is
highly satisfactory to note that all are reported to
be well acquainted with the duties of the position.
Lady Salisbury, who is spoken of as the most famous
horsewoman of the eighteenth century, kept a pack
of hounds at Hatfield, and was the first woman who
was master of hounds. This we do not doubt is
.strictly true, if we regard hunting from the sports-
man's point of view only, but surely not otherwise.
In far earlier times the Northern shires possessed
women who kept dogs of various kinds for the
purpose of killing foxes, which they regarded as
noxious vermin which ate the lambs and pillaged
the hen-roosts. Lady Salisbury's was a pack of
dwarf hounds, and the uniform sky-blue. Scarlet
had not then become the almost universal garb in
the hunting field. It may be well to remember this,
for we fear there are yet people who still hold to
the fable that it has been the costume of the hunt-
ing man since the days of William Rufus. It seems
there are about 175 packs of hounds in our island.
This means about 12,000 hounds, and the expen-
diture is reckoned at half a million sterling, a sum
which would have horrified the old - fashioned
utilitarian.

Mr. R. E. Prothero writes on ' The Growth of the
Historical Novel.' We have been much interested
in his paper, which shows wide reading ; but some
of the books he mentions can hardly be included in
the historical series. If they were, nearly all novels
might find a place with them. We have read hardly
one which does not indicate usually in a manner
exaggerated more or less the manners of the times
in which the writer flourished. 'The Gipsey Girl,'
by Hannah Maria Jones, published in 1837, is, for
example, worthless as literature, but as we
imagine, unconsciously to the writer conveys
instruction as to the manners of the time in which
she lived.

Prof. C. H. Herford's ' Ruskin and the Gothic
Revival' goes back to an earlier time than that
usually attributed to that movement. Did
Gothic in truth ever wholly die out ? There is
seventeenth-century Gothic at Oxford ; and we have
seen chests of the same character, undoubtedly
made by village carpenters, bearing dates of the
early part of the eighteenth century.

Miss Ida Taylor's article on the Hotel cle Rani-
bouillet and that by Prof. Saintsbury entitled
'Honore de Balzac arid M. Brunetiere' are both
well worth reading.

MESSRS. J. W. VICKERS & Co. have sent us their
Xtwxpaper Gazetteer. This annual reference book
of the press for the United Kingdom and the
colonies is produced with its usual accuracy. The
editor modestly states in his short introduction
that "any suggestions which may be likely to lead
to corrections and improvements will be gladly
received and greatly valued."

THE SHAKESPEARE HEAD PRESS, which has just
completed the printing of the magnificent " Strat-
ford Town " Shakespeare, announces a second series
of Mr. Charles Crawford's 'Collectanea.' This
volume consists of articles showing the influence
exercised by Montaigne on Webster and Marston,
and the relations between the styles of Donne and
Webster, illustrated by a number of parallel pas-
sages. But the most interesting part is the study
of the "Bacon-Shakespeare Question," to which
Mr. Crawford has given six years' close attention.
It consists of a serious refutation of Baconian
arguments, proving that Bacon's supporters are ill
acquainted not only with the mass of Elizabethan
literature, but also with the work of Bacon himself.

THE same Press will issue shortly 'A Cypress
Grove,' by Drummond of Hawthornden. Mr. A. H.
Bullen contributes a short introduction, and Fin-
layson's mezzotint of Cornelius Johnson's portrait
of Drummond is reproduced as frontispiece. To the
students of the works of Sir Thomas Browne the
finished prose of his Scottish precursor has a special
interest. This interesting reprint will be issued on
hand-made paper, tastefully printed and bound.

We must call special attention to the following
notices :

ON all communications must be written the name
ind address of the sender, not necessarily for pub-
lication, but as a guarantee of good faith.

WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately,
lor can we advise correspondents as to the value
of old books and other objects or as to the means of
disposing of them.

N. W. H. (Philadelphia). No charge is made
:or insertion of any queries. For " So long " see
9 S. vii. 129, 233, 297\

NOTICE.

Editorial communications should be addressed
:o " The Editor of 'Notes and Queries'" Adver-
tisements and Business Letters to " The Pub-
ishers " at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery
Lane, E.G.

10 s. vii. FEB. 23, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

THE ATHENJEUM

JOURNAL OF ENGLISH AND FOREIGN LITERATURE, SCIENCE,
THE FINE ARTS, MUSIC, AND THE DRAMA.

THIS WEEK'S ATHEN^UM contains Articles on

NELSON'S LADY HAMILTON. PARISH LIFE IN MEDIEVAL ENGLAND.

THOMAS EDWARD BROWN, THE MANX POET : AN APPRECIATION.

RICHARD III. : HIS LIFE AND CHARACTER.

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161

LONDON, SATURDAY, MARCH .1, 1907.

CONTENTS. No. 166.

NOTES : Westminster Changes, 1906. 161 A Scotch Gar-
den of Eden, 162 Ell Family "Supawn" : its Origin,
163 Matthias the Impostor The Authorship of 'Is it
Shakespeare?' "Pull one's leg " Inscriptions at Bel-
lagio, Italy, 164 Abraham Lincoln and European Poli-
ticians" Conscientious objection " " Bothombar." 165
H in Shropshire and Worcestershire Pancake Bell in
'Newcastle Languages in Burma, 166 " Tobacco ": its
Etymology" Possession nine points of the law," 167.

<GUERIES : Mohammedanism in Japan, 167 Scott's
' Black Dwarf Samuel Barnard Chesterfield and
Wotton Portraits "Bat Beara way "--" Idle Dick
Norton "Cathay Drum-Major : John Bibie Revett of
Checkers, Bucks, 168 "What wants that knave that a
,king should have ? "Pitch-Caps put on Human Heads
and set on Fire Author of Quotation Wanted Sir H.
'Campbell-Bannerman on Britain's Supremacy on the Sea
Carte, the Historian Pretended Prince of Macedonia-
Charles I. : his Physical Characteristics, 169 Napoleon's
Carriage Musical Genius : is it Hereditary? 170.

REPLIES : Latin Pronunciation in England, 170 Spelling
Changes, 171 Authors of Quotations Wanted Duke of
Kent's Children, 172 Post Boxes "Ito": "Itoland,"
173 Bell-Horses : Pack-Horses ' Lawyers in Love,' 174
George Geoffry Wyatville " Set up my (his) rest"
Heenvliet and Lord Wotton's Daughter ' Edinburgh
Review' Attack on Oxford People to be Avoided or
Cultivated, 175 Slavery in England Scott Illustrators-
Charles Reade's Greek Quotation : Seneca, 176.

NOTES ON BOOKS: 'The Collected Works of Henrik
Ibsen ' ' Memoirs of the Verney Family during the Seven-
teenth Century ' ' The Newspaper Press Directory '
' The Edinburgh Review.'

Booksellers' Catalogues.

Notices to Correspondents.

WESTMINSTER CHANGES, 1906.

(See ante, pp. 81, 122.)
THE Government Offices at the corner of
Parliament Street and Great George Street
went steadily forward during the year, but
are still far from finished. The new building
(virtually a part of New Scotland Yard)
-on the Victoria Embankment is near ing
completion, and will be occupied early this
year. The building long known as the
Whitehall Club, at the corner of Parliament
'Street and Derby Street, was closed and
sold, and has been for months in the hands
of the builders, but no one seems to know
.anything about its future. Threatened
things and places last long, so Great
George Street, long threatened with demoli-
tion, still stands, although some of the
offices have been vacated, and some of the
houses in Delahay Street sold to the Govern-
ment.

At Storey's Gate one of the " latest bits
of familiar London of long ago " disappeared
in May when improvement (?) " swept
away the pair of gates leading into St.
James's Park from Great George Street."

These gates, which were very old, together
with a quaint gate-keeper's box, were
removed, as they were found to be a source
of danger to the fast-travelling motor-car
and carriages. A sketch of the roadway
as altered and of the old gate-keeper ap-
peared in The Daily Graphic of 23 May.

In Broad Sanctuary the ground floor of
the premises vacated by the National
Society has been adapted as a showroom
for the sale of the Reo Automobile. On the
site of the Royal Aquarium, at the corner of
Tothill Street and Princes Street, some work
has been done in connexion with the founda-
tions of the Wesleyan Church House to be
erected here, but for about six months
little or no progress has been made. At
No. 1, Dean's Yard some alterations are
proceeding. In Tothill Street, Caxton
House was finished early in the year, and
is now, at least in part, occupied as offices.
Broadway House, of which a portion is in
the same street a pile of business premises
containing 5,500 feet superficial was sold
by private treaty by Messrs. Trollope &
Sons during the first week in August, but
the price was not stated. At 8, Broad
Sanctuary, a house interesting to West-
minster people, as having been the residence
of Mr. James Grose (at one time church-
warden of St. Margaret's), has undergone
alteration and enlargement, and is now
occupied as offices by Messrs. J. Brown &
Co., and Messrs. Thomas Firth & Sons.

In Victoria Street the centre of the three
entrances (No. 87) to Marlborough Mansions
has been much improved by the erection
of some elaborate granite-work, which has
added to the important appearance of the
building a feature which it sadly needed.
The fehop at the corner of Artillery Row,
lately held by Messrs. Robins, Snell & Co.,
and the one next door in Artillery Row
numbered 91 in Victoria Street, just vacated
by the City of Westminster Refreshment
Company, are to be remodelled. In Great
Chapel Street an extensive clearance has
been made, really extending some distance
into Dacre Street, upon which more flats
are to be erected ; but at the close of the
year there was very little to see, though
the work had been in hand from March.
In Palmer Street some shop-fronts have
been put into the flats known as " The
Albany," and the shops have since been
occupied by a firm of dealers in antiques,
a trade which seems to have found a per-
manent abode in this locality.

In Buckingham Gate (the part formerly
James Street) the building known as " the

16-2

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. TIL MARCH 2, 1907.

house of many angles/ 1 which was originally
erected for the St. Margaret's Workhouse,
and subsequently named Wellington K
in use bv the Government as quarters for
married 'soldiers, was demolished, to give
place to a new Wellington House, a pile of
flats, and a residential hotel upon an im-
proved plan, and at what are said to be !
enormous rents : but of this more anon.
Xo. 171, Victoria Street, at the corner of
Francis Street the building known as
Victoria House, and intended at the forma-
tion of this street to be a public-house
is now being altered in many ways : but the
work only began in the last quarter of the
year, and will take some time to complete.
In this street a few more of the ground-floor
flats were converted into shops during the
year, and still a few more are to be trans-
formed. The last house in St. Margaret's
parish on the north side approaching the
station, and on the banks of King's Scholars'
Pond sewer which crosses the street at this
spot was the last one done.

From Francis Street, opposite the rear of
Westminster Cathedral, a new street, alluded
to in my last year's review, called Still in gton
Street why or wherefore no one seems to
know has" been formed, and was opened
about November. As before stated, the
construction of this street has necessitated
the removal of a number of small houses
known as Buckingham Cottages, most of
them disappearing between March and
June. In the clearance at this spot were
included the houses 22 to 34 Willow Street
(even numbers), which were demolished in
June ; but the vacant land is as yet unutilized.
The street is in two parishes, the newly
formed part being in St. Margaret's parish,
while the portion which carries it on into
Rochester Row is in St. John's parish, and
was already in existence, and known as a
portion of Buckingham Cottages. The street
thus added to the map of London is one that
does not seem likely to be of much use, as it
virtually leads to no place of consequence.

A portion of the extension of the London
tramway system over Westminster Bridge
and along" the Victoria Embankment is
within the scope of this article, for St.
- parish takes from the centre of
the bridge to Horse Guards Avenue, and it
must therefore be mentioned that the work
was started as soon as the Parliamentary-
session closed, and before the end of the year
another step towards linking the lines north
and south of the Thames had taken place.

It may be thought worthy of notice that j
a small "portion of the site of the Queen i

Victoria Memorial in front of Buckingham
Palace is in St. Margaret's parish. W-"rk is
going on there, but it is not possible t
yet what progress has been made. So far
as I can say. this exhausts the list of changes
during 1906 : but many and extensive are
those likely to take place during the year
just opened. W. E. HARLAXD^OXLEY.
-: minster.

The last paragraph of the note on * V.
minster Changes, 1906,' ante, p. 125, is not
quite correct. College dormitory has been
re-roofed owing to the timely discovery that-
some of the old beams were utterly decayed,
but no new story has been added. "*Saig:
the College sanatorium, at the end which
abuts on Great College Street, has been
enlarged, and that must be the change to-
which your correspondent refers.

OLD WESTMINSTER.

A SCOTCH GARDEN OF EDEX.

Ix an old album, such as was dear to the
gentle sex in the early Victorian period, I
came across ' Themus Mac-na Torshach's
Idea of the Garden of Eden and the Origin
of the First Dress worn by Man.' Thinking
it may interest the readers of ' X. A
I have copied it. It was signed by Mr.
James Graeme, who was Laird of Garvock,
in Perthshire.

Ere the Laird cardit or the Lady sian
In frags' skins their hale race ran.

"Well," said Tortoise, "what would ye give for
such bonny braes and birks and rivers as'are in the
forrest of Athol. if they could be transferred to
your wild count

* An" are there nae bonny braes and birks in
Badenoch? Ye "re joost as bad as our minister:
but fat seed the man say ony mair about the
matter, fan I tell 'im 111 prove" frae his ain bible,
ony day he likes, that the Lios-mor, as we ca" the
great garden in Gaelic, stood in its day joost far
the Muir o ? Badenoch lys noo. an" in nae ither place ?
Is no there an island in Loch Lhinne that bears the
name o" the Lios-Mor to this blessed day ? Fan I tell
you that, and that I hae seen the island mysel". fa
can doubt my word?"

" But. Mac, the Bible says the garden was planted
eastward in Eden. 7 ' "Hoot! ay: but that disna
say but the garden might be in Badenoch ! for Eden
is a Gaelic word for a river, an' a'm shure there "s
nae want q" them there : an ? as for its bein' east
o'er, that is, when Adam planted the Liosmor, he
sat in a bonny bothan on a orae in Lochaber an ? nae
doot Itikit eastwar to Badenoch, an' saw a ? thing
sproutin 7 and jrrowiiv atween 7 im an" the sun fan it
cam rippliir o'er the braes frae Athol in the braw
simmer mor:

" But, Mac, the Bible further says, they took fig-
leaves and made themselves aprons. You cannot
say that figs ever grew in Badenoch."

" Hout tout ! there "s naebody can tell fat grew

io s. TIL MAP, H 2, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

163

in Badenoch i' the days o" the Liosmor ; an" altho'
nae tigs grow noo, there "s mony a bony [We] fiag
runs vet /er the braes o" baith Badenoch and
Lochaber. It was flags' skins, an' no fig blades, that
they made claes o'. 'Fiag, ? I maun tell YOU. is
Loehaber Gaelic for a deer to this day ; an' fan the
auld man was gettin" his reproof for takin' an ai>ple
frae the gudewife, a ; the beasties in Liosmor cam
roon them, an' amang the rest twa bonnie raes ; an'
fan the gudeman said, ' See how miserable we twa
are left : there stands a' the bonnie beasties weel
clade in their ain hair, an' here we stand shame-
faced an" iiakit. Aweel 1 fan the twa raes heard
that, they lap oute o' their skins, foo very love to
their suffering' maister, as ony true clansman wad
do to this day. Fan the gudeman saw this, he drew
ae flag's skin on her namsel. an' the tither o'er the
ndewife,: noo, let me tell ye. that were the first
"

' By this account, Mac, our first parents spoke
Gaelic."

"An" fat ither had they to spake, tell me? Our
minister says they spoke Hebrew, an' fat "s Hebrew
but Gaelic, the warst o" Gaelic, let alane Welsh
Gaelic ': "

" He would require proof for this, Mac."

" Proof, man ! disna your Bible say, * Cursed is
the ground for Adam's sake,' an' that curse lies on
Badenoch an' Lochaber to this day : for if there be
in a' Scotland a mair blastit, poverty-stricken pairt
than 'ither o' the twa, may Themus Mac-na Toishach's
auld een never see it. " Let them contradic' me fa

Grange Villa. Guernsey.

C. T. DURAXD.

ELL FAMILY.
(See 9 S. x. 487 ; xi. 77.)
I HAVE received the following letter from
the Rev. Henry Barber, a ~ \vell-known
authority, who gives some interesting infor-
mation about the name and family of Ell :

DEAR SIR, I am in receipt of your letter
forwarded through my publishers. It is no part of
the scope of my work 'to give genealogical informa-
tion, but I am 'always willing to trace a name to its
earliest source.

You will be pleased to know that, although 1
have not met with the name before, I should say
that it is of Xorman origin, and has been corrupted
throughout the centuries. The author of ' The
Norman People' (H. S. King & Co.. 1874) gives Ell.
Elles. or Helles. from Helle or de Heille, from
Heille, Beauvais. in Normandy, (rozelin de Heilles
la"V.i. witnessed a charter of Henry I., King ol
France.

A branch settled in England 1066, and bore a benc
azure or [on ?] a field sable, afterwards changed to a
fesse. the tinctures remaining the same. The French
line bore a bend fusilly. Theobald de Helles was
living in the time of K. Stephen. His son gave.
temp. Henry II., a tenement at Canterbury to the
Hospitallers. In 13th cent. Bertram de Helles was
Constable of Dover Castle. Thomas de Helles
possessed Helles Court in Ash ttmp. Edw. I. Henry
de Helles was M.P. for Kent temp. Edw. III.
Gilbert. Viscount of Kent, 13-35, and his arms remain
Azure, a bend argent.

In the church of Ash the arms are Argent, a
chevron sable, between three leopards' fa f
being the foundation of the modern arms.

The family was spread throughout Kent and
Surrey, arid 'from it probably derived Sir M
Hill, ancestor of the Marquises of Downshire.

I do not think that Ell is a corruption of Hill,,
though Hill may possibly be derived from Helles in
some cases. Hill is, however, generally an English
local name, a contraction of "at-hilL' I cannot
find Ell or Helles in the Roll of Fines and Oblations
of King John. It may be in the Hundred Rolls,
but the records of the County of Kent might be
searched with ad vant ... HENRY BARBER.

In the ' Calendar of State Papers. Domestic,
1633-4,' p. 10, we find " 1633, 37, IT. Certifi-
cate of Thomas Ejll, the High Constable

: ' ; but I have been unable to discover
where he was High Constable.

In ' Calendar of Border Papers : Vol. II.
1595-1603,' at p. 797, will be found a letter
from George Ell to Robin of Pichell, dated
12 Sept., 1602.

In vol. xxx. of Sussex Archaeological
Collections, in a note on p. 141, there is
reference to a suit in time of K. John

' between the family of Helles and Manasser de
Hastings concerning a earucate of laud near Faver-
sham (abbreviatio Placitorum). The Grange was
held to Henry HL in serjeanty by Manasser de H.
(Hasted, iv. 236) ; and 10 Hen. ILL there was a fine
levied between Gilbert de Helles and Robert de
Hastings, of land in Gillingham. Ermine, three
lozenges gules, was one of the coats of Helles."

In Sussex Arch. Col., vol. v. p. 242, amongst
names of priests in the Deanery of Hastings,
appear- '* Thomas Helles." H. G. ELL.

Christchurch. Xew Zealand.

" SUPAWX ? " : ITS ORIGIN. This Ame-
rican term for a kind of porridge has been
in use from the earliest period. The French
colonists wrote it soupane, the Dutch
supaen. One is surprised to find it de-
scribed in the ' Century Dictionary ' as
* 4 probably connected with pone." This is
a most inaccurate statement. The words
pone and supawn are both of American
Indian origin, but they are from entirely
different roots. I need not go into the
history of pone, as that is being dealt with
by Dr. Murray. Supau-n is an Indian past
participle, from a verb meaning to soften
by water, boil soft. In the late Dr. Trum-
bulFs ' Xatick Dictionary ' it is printed
saupd-un. Strachey's Virginian vocabulary
(circa 1615) includes it as " asapan, hasty
pudding." The Abenaki form is given by
the Frenchman Rasles as nteanbann, but in
Laurent's more modern Abenaki vocabulary
(1884) it appears as " nsobon, corn soup."
JAS. PLATT, Jun.

164

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL MARCH 2, 1907.

MATTHIAS THE IMPOSTOR. For a shrewd
people, the Americans are remarkably
gullible in matters of religion. Among the
impostors who have preyed upon them
from time to time and then- name is legion
one of the most singular was Robert Mat-
thews, who had a colleague named Elijah
Pierson.

Matthews was born about 1789, and
Pierson probably a few years earlier.
Matthews, a journeyman house-carpenter of
Albany, N.Y., was carried away by the
" revivalism " of Charles G. Finney, himself
;an oddity. Shortly after this, he began to
advocate teetotalism, and to denounce the
impiety of shaving and of freemasonry.
Pierson, a fervent Anabaptist, took to him-
self authority to preach in New York in
1830, and made an unsuccessful attempt to
raise a dead woman to life. This precious

?air came together in New York in May,
832, and soon discovered their spiritual
.affinity. Matthews, with some inconsistency
declared himself to be Matthias the Apostle,
ithe angel of Rev. xiv. 6, and also the Creator
of all things. Pierson contented himself
with the inferior, but respectable title of
Elijah the Tishbite, otherwise John the
Baptist. Matthews, managing to beguile a
wealthy merchant, who became his banker,
proceeded to adopt a costume which he
.thought suitable to his pretensions :

" He displayed fine cambric ruffles around his
wrists and upon his bosom ; and to a rich silken
scarf, interwoven with gold, were suspended
twelve golden tassels, emblematical of the twelve
tribes of Israel. His fine linen nightcaps were
wrought with curious skill of needlework, with
the names of the twelve Apostles embroidered
thereon."

Out of doors he wore

""a black cap of japanned leather, in shape like an
inverted cone, with a shade ; a frock coat, generally
-of fine green cloth, lined with white or pink satin ;
A vest, commonly of richly figured silk ; green or

black pantaloons, sometimes with sandals with

A black stock around his neck."

He declared that he would build the New
Jerusalem in the western part of New York
State. It was to contain an immense and
gorgeous temple. All the temple utensils
were to be of gold and silver, marked with
a lion. A manufacturer asked whether it
was the British lion they wanted ; to which
Matthews answered, " No ; for the British
lion was a devil ; but he meant the Lion of
the Tribe of Judah."

In 1834 Pierson died, under circumstances
which strongly suggested poisoning. Mat-
thews was tried and acquitted. He was
imprisoned, however, for three months for

an assault with a horsewhip on his married
daughter. The court, by Mr. Justice Ruggles,
said :

"We are satisfied that you are an impostor, and
that you do not believe in your own doctrines. We
advise you, therefore, when you come out of jail, to
shave off your beard, lay aside your peculiar dress,
and go to work like an honest man."

These notes are taken from a work of
some scarcity, W. L. Stone's ' Matthias and
his Impostures,' New York, Harper, 1835.
RICHARD H. THORNTON.

THE AUTHORSHIP or ' Is IT SHAKESPEARE?'
This anonymous book, regarded by many
as the ablest presentation of the Baconian
theory which has yet appeared, contains a
dedication concluding with this subscription
in red ink :

So, Reviewers, save my Bacon,

O let not Folly mar Delight :
followed by this suggestion of a challenge :

These my name and claini unriddle

To all who set the Rubric right.
The following seems to " set the Rubric
right " : " Walter Begley, the discoverer
of Milton's ' Nova Solyma.' "

CHAS. A. HERPICH.

[This riddle was solved in The Athenwum when
the book appeared.]

" PULL ONE'S LEG." ' The Standard
Dictionary ' explains this expression as
(slang, U.S.) " to borrow money or obtain
some favor from one by solicitation." It
has a slightly different meaning in England,
and is generally used to express an intention
to deceive or hold up to ridicule.

Before the invention of the long drop in
executions the phrase had another meaning,
it being used to express the action of the
friends of a criminal, who pulled the legs
of the condemned man to shorten his
sufferings. In Hood's poem ' The Last
Man ' the hangman, left alone in the world,
contemplates suicide, but desists, saying :

In vain my fancy begs,
For there is not another soul alive

In the world to pull my legs.

JOHN HEBB.

INSCRIPTIONS AT BELLAGIO, ITALY. In
the small cemetery for foreigners attached
to the general cemetery, are the following
inscriptions (May, 1905) :

1. Agnes Elizabeth, w. of Althans Black-
well, of Moseley, Birmingham, ob. at Bellagio,
26 June, 1898, a. 51.

2. Nellie, w. of Arthur Charles Parkinson,
of London, after ten days of marriage,
ob. 10 June, 1895, a. 25.

10 S. VII. MARCH 2, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

165

3. Elmina Crabbe, of Glen Eyre, South-
ampton, wid. of Col. Eyre John Crabbe,
K.H., ob. at the Grande Bretagne Hotel,
Bellagio, 12 Oct., 1888, a. 77.

4. Clara Elizabeth, dau. of Edward and
Mary Ann Pembroke, of Blackheath, ob.
13 Ap., 1886, a. 18.

5. Alice Caroline, dau. of Francis and
Bridget Hobson, of Burnt Stones, Sheffield.
(Date omitted by me.)

6. Douglas Herbert, infant s. of Mar-
guerite Wilhelmine Bunning, ob. 25 June,
1890, a. 6 months.

7. Sidney Herbert Brunner, of Winning-
ton, Cheshire, a. 23, who lost his life in
saving his elder brother from drowning,
8 Sept., 1890, bur. 11 Sept.

8. John Strachey Hare, ob. at Bellagio,
24 Ap., 1893, a. 48. Erected by his wife.

9. Catherine Chamberlain. The rest of
the inscription could not be read on account
of creepers and weeds covering the cross.

10. Blanche Henrietta Johnes Pechell,
of La Boissonade and Maresfield Park,
Sussex, ob. 12 Ap., 189[0 or 8 ?1.

There is another still smaller cemetery
(locked) adjoining the English Church, a
stone in the outside wall of which states
that the land was bought by Mr. Richard
Boswell Beddome, of London, as the burial-
place of his son Thomas William Beddome,
and given by him to the Commune of
Bellagio as an English cemetery, January,
1866. G. S. PARRY, Lieut.-Col.

18, Hyde Gardens, Eastbourne.

[For earlier lists of inscriptions on Britishers
dying abroad see 10 S. i. 361, 442, 482; ii. 155;
ii'i. 361, 433 ; v. 381 ; vi. 4, 124, 195, 302, 406, 446.]

ABRAHAM LINCOLN AND EUROPEAN POLI
TICIANS. Mr. Bryce, in his Introduction
to the " Everyman " edition of ' Speeches
and Letters of Abraham Lincoln, 1832-
1865,' emphasizes I think over-emphasizes
as a perusal of that work will show the
great American President's lack of education;
and he observes :

"He can have had only the faintest acquaint

ance with European history' or with any branch oJ
philosophy. The want of regular education was
not made up for by the persons among whom his lol
was cast. Till he was a grown man he never movec
in any society from which he could learn those
things with which the mind of an orator or a states
man ought to be stored. Even after he had gainec
some legal practice, there was for many years no
one for him to mix with, except the petty prac
titioners of a petty town, men nearly all of whon
knew little more than he did himself. '

This criticism smacks of the old type o:
belief concerning Lincoln, voiced in a letter
of March, 1861, by so customarily sagacious

a political thinker as Sir George Cornewair
"".ewis, who wrote :

"I have never been able, either in conversation
)r by reading, to obtain an answer to the question.
What will the North do if they beat the South .'
To restore the old Union would be an absurdity.
What other state of things does that village lawyer,.
Lincoln, contemplate as the fruit of victory .
t is not, however, borne out by Lincoln's
sarlier addresses, while his later are very far
from being the utterance of a mere petty
practitioner " or " village lawyer." In his
etter to Joshua F. Speed of 24 Aug., 1855,.
'or instance, Lincoln observes :

"When I was at Washington, I voted for the
Wilmot Proviso forty times ; and I never^heard ot
any one attempting to tinwhig me for that -
a phrase which showed at least sufficient
acquaintance with the by-ways of European
politics as aptly to recall the story of the
younger Pitt exclaiming to a friend concern-
ing Fox during the debates on the Regency
Bill of 1788, " I'll un-Whig the gentleman
:or the rest of his life."

It was, of course, by coincidence, and noi
through reminiscence, that Lincoln in his
address before the Washingtonian Temper-
ance Society, at Springfield, Illinois, on
22 Feb., 1842, remarked, " It is an old and
a true maxim * that a drop of honey catches
more flies than a gallon of gall,' " though,
it was Sir Robert Walpole's expressed
belief that more flies are caught by honey
than by vinegar. To Walpole, as to Lincoln,-
was given the opportunity of which each,
availed himself to the full for safely carry-
ing his country through a most perilous
internal crisis; and each political genius
was described as a country lout and a buffoon
by the more cultured and less far-seeing:
among their contemporary critics.

ALFRED F. ROBBINS.

" CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTION." In the
' Life and Letters of Leslie Stephen ' (1906),
p. 183, occurs the following sentence from a
letter of Leslie Stephen under date 8 Nov. r
1866 : "... .1 have a conscientious objec-
tion to my present position." Possibly
this may be the earliest use of the expression
from which in later times we have " con-
scientious objectors." H. W. U.

" BOTHOMBAR." In Dyce's ' Skelton,' ii.
31, in the poem entitled 'Why Come Ye
Nat to Courte ? ' 1. 135, we find the form
" Bothombar," respecting which Dyce says^r
"I know not what place is meant here."
The context says that the English have
made a shameful truce with the Scotch, and
have given up the war against them, " from

166

NOTES AND QUERIES, no s. vu. MARCH 2, MOT.

Baumberow to Bothombar." The sense is,
.throughout the northern district of England.
" Baumberow " is, of course, Bamborough.
The foot-note says that, in place of " Bothom-
bar," other editions have " Bothambar."
This gives the solution, for the latter form
stands for " Botham Bar," i.e., Bootham
Bar, in the city of York.

WALTER W. SKEAT.

H IN SHROPSHIRE AND WORCESTERSHIRE.
DR. RANDOLPH at 9 S. viii. 283 inquired
what ground there was for saying that some
old Shropshire families drop their h's, and
rather pride themselves on doing so. As
he may not be a subscriber to Berrow's
Worcester Journal, the following extract
from that paper, dated 17 Nov., 1906, may
interest him and your readers generally :

" Mr. Stapleton Martin writes from Norton,

Worcester: 'I have recently read a letter of

F. 0. Morris, the naturalist, who died in 1893,
written to the London Time* newspaper in June,
1878, in which, after stating that he was afraid that
the beautiful county of Worcester must be held to
be the cunabula of the offences of omission and of
commission against the letter h, he said that when
he was at school at Bromsgrove the following lines-;
ajmeared somewhere about that time in one of the
Worcester papers :

The Complaint of the letter H to the Inhabitants

of Worcester.

Whereas by you I have been driven
From hope, from home, from house, from heaven,
And placed by your most learn'd society
In exile, anguish, and anxiety,
I hereby ask full restitution,
And beg you '11 mend your elocution.

' To which the following rejoinder appeared in the
next week's paper :
Whereas we 've rescued you, ingrate,
From hell, from horror, and from hate,
From hedgebill, horsepond, and from halter,
And consecrated you in altar,
We think you need no restitution,
And shall not mend our elocution.
The writer added that he inclined to think that
they had kept to their determination and had been
as good as their word. There are now very few old
(untitled) families in Worcestershire in existence,
but people who have acquired a certain county
status in it may be heard, at this clay, to drop the
too-rough h, though hardly, I think, would [they]
oare to boast that they did.' "

FRANCIS H. RELTON.
9, Broughton Road, Thornton Heath.
[MR. JONATHAN BOUCHIKR printed at 5 S. v. 64
(22 Jan., 18/0) a similar 'Remonstrance from the
Letter H to the Inhabitants of Shropshire,' with an
4 Answer trom the Inhabitants of Shropshire ' The
first two lines of the ' Remonstrance ' run :
Whereas by you we have been driven
From hearth and home, from hope and heaven,
the second line being a decided improvement The
-other variations are not important. At 9 S. vi. 85

full particulars are given with respect to the
original publication of Catherine Fanshawe's cele-
brated lines

'Twas whispered in heaven, 'twas muttered in hell;
while at 7 S. vi. 110 is printed in full Horace May-
hew's parody, beginning

I dwells in the Herth, and I breathes in the Hair ;
If you searches the Hocean, you '11 find that I 'm
' there.]

PANCAKE BELL IN NEWCASTLE. I was
rather surprised, as a Londoner, to read in
Brockett's ' Glossary of North - Country
Words ' that on Shrove Tuesday "it is
a general custom in the North to have
pancakes served up." This custom is quoted
by Dr. Murray in the ' N.E.D.,' but the
custom is certainly not peculiar to the North.
Brockett goes on to quote from Taylor the
Water-Poet a record of a former custom in
Newcastle on Shrove Tuesday, which may
have been (let us hope was) only local :

"When the clock strikes eleven, which (by the
help of a knavish sexton) is commonly before nine,
then there is a bell rung, called pancake bell, the
sound whereof makes thousands of people dis-
tracted and forgetful either of manners or
humanity."

W. T. LYNN.

Blackheath.

[For the Pancake Bell at various places see 10 S.
iii. '223, 331, and the references appended to MR.
RATCLIFFE'S note.]

LANGUAGES IN BURMA. The Indian
Daily News of Calcutta, in its issue of
7 January, under the heading ' The Land of
Babel,' says that the Lieutenant-Governor
of Burma has directed that the groups of
languages shall be officially as follows :

I. The Siyin, Tashon, Lai, Chinbok, and Chin me
dialects of the Chin language, and the Chin language
as spoken on the borders of Arakan Division, and
the Thayetmyo, Minbu, and Henzada Districts.

II. The Kami and Mro languages.

III. The Chingpaw dialect of the Kachin lan-
guage.

IV. The The Manipuri language.

V. The Karenni, the Bre, the Padoung, and the
Zayein languages.

VI. The Taungthu language.

VII. The Palaung, the Pale, and Riang (Yang
Lam dialect) languages.

VIII. The Wa language as spoken either in the
State of Man"; Lun or in the State of Kentung.

IX. The Lahu or Muhso and the Lisaw languages.

X. The Atsi or Szi and the Maru languages.

XI. The Siamese language.

XII. The Malay language.

The districts in or on the borders of which the
several groups of languages above specified will be
held to be spoken are :

I. All districts in the Arakan Division, the Hen-
zada, Thayetmyo, Pakokku, Minbu, and Upper
Chindwin Districts, and the Chin Hills.

II. The Northern Arakan and Akyab Districts.

10 S. VII. MARCH 2, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

167

III. Upper Chindwin, Bhamo, Myitkyina, Katha,
and Ruby Mines Districts, and the Northern Shan
.States.

IV. Upper Chindwin District.

V. The Southern Shan States.

VI. The Toungoo,Thaton,and Amherst Districts,
and the Southern Shan States.

VII. The Ruby Mines District and the Southern
;and Northern Shan States.

VIII. The Southern and Northern Shan States.

IX. The Ruby Mines, Bhamo, and Myitkyina
Districts, and the Northern and Southern Shan
.'States.

X. The Bhamo and Myitkyina Districts.

XI. Amherst, Tavoy, and Mergui Districts, and
the Southern Shan States.

XII. Mergui District.

It is worth while recording the above list
in ' N. & Q.', if it were only for the sake of
having; it at hand when wanted.

H. H. S.

" TOBACCO " : ITS ETYMOLOGY. The full
history of this word is not given in any dic-
tionary. It is, of course, a matter of common
knowledge that it was picked up by the
Spaniards in the Antilles, and originally
meant the pipe through which the Indians
either smoked or snuffed the plant. An
interesting article in The American Anthro-
pologist, as far back as 1889 (vol. ii. p. 133),
seems to have escaped the attention of our
lexicographers. It is by Dr. A. Ernst, and
he shows that in the Tupi language of Brazil
taboca is still the name of these primitive
Indian pipes. It will perhaps be asked
what connexion there is, linguistically,
between Brazil and Hayti. Having been
engaged for many years looking up ety-
mologies of American terms for the ' N.E.D.,'
I am able to say that the Tupi language of
Brazil and the Carib dialects of Guiana and
the isles had a large vocabulary in common.
'The explanation is, not that the languages
-were cognate, but that the Caribs borrowed
from their neighbours. Many zoological
terms in English such as agouti, cabiai,
coati, quata may have come to us from
either Tupi or Carib. The same is true of
many botanical terms such as karatas,
moriche, tannia and to these we may safely
a,dd the word tobacco. The two forms in
which it has been preserved, Tupi taboca
and Haytian tabdco, are both accented upon
the middle syllable, and differ so slightly that
we need feel no doubt as to their identity.
We thus arrive at the valuable fact that
tobacco is properly a Brazilian term, but early
passed over into Guiana, and accompanied
the Caribs in their voyages among the West
Indian islands, where it took root, and was
found by the followers of Columbus.

JAS. PLATT, Jun.

" POSSESSION NINE POINTS OF THE LAW."
In connexion with this quasi-legal maxim,
I think the question was asked some time
ago, " How many points has the law, and
what are they ? " The question did not
show much appreciation of the meaning of
of the maxim ; but it may perhaps be
answered according to its wisdom, by saying,
" The law (like anything else) has just as
many points as you choose to attribute to
t for the purpose of stating a proportion.
When you say (as most people do at present)
that possession is nine points of the law, you
suppose ' the law ' to have ten points ; but
f you say, in accordance with earlier usage,
;hat possession is eleven points of the law,
you suppose ' the law ' to have twelve
points ; while, if you say, as has also been
said, that possession is ninety-nine points of
the law, you suppose ' the law ' to have a
hundred points." In other words, the
question is not how many points " the law
has, but what proportion of all the points
possession is equal to. The actual purport
of the maxim, of course, is that, in a dispute
about property, possession is (or used to be,
when the saying arose in the fifteenth
century) so strong a point in favour of the
possessor, that it might outweigh nine, or
eleven, or ninety-nine points that might
legally be pleaded in behalf of some one else.
The historical illustration of the expression
will be found in the next issue of the ' Dic-
tionary,' in which ' Point ' will form one of
the important articles.

J. A. H. MURRAY.

(gmrus.

WE must request correspondents desiring in-
formation on family matters of only private interest
to affix their names and addresses to their queries,
in order that answers may be sent to them direct.

MOHAMMED AMISM IN JAPAN. In ' The
Encyclopaedia Britannica,' art. ' Sunnites
and Shi'ites ' (vol. xxii. p. 659), Japan is
included among the countries over which
the religion of Mohammed is more or less
spread. Also in Major-General Forlong's
' Short Studies in the Science of Comparative
Religions,' 1897, p. 469, we find Japan with
China and the adjacent islands stated to
contain thirty millions of Mohammedans.
I desire to be informed of any authoritative
report or observation upon which these
statements are reasonably founded.

KUMAGUSU MlNAKATA.

Tanabe, Kii, Japan.

168

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. vn MARCH 2, 1907

SCOTT'S 'BLACK DWARF.' Can any of
your readers tell me where the original
autograph MS. of Sir Walter Scott's ' Black
Dwarf ' is now to be found ? ELSHIE.

SAMUEL BARNARD. I shall be glad if any
reader of ' N. & Q.' can oblige me with
particulars of the ancestors of Samuel
Barnard, a merchant in London, and a
major in the Honourable Artillery Company,
to which he belonged for about half a century,
and I believe till his death. He died about
fifty years ago. B. R. THORNTON.

Granville Lodge, Brighton.

CHESTERFIELD AND WOTTON PORTRAITS.
The second son of Katherine Wotton and of
Henry Stanhope Philip, second Earl of
Chesterfield (1633-1713) had his portrait
painted by Lely. So had Philip's second
wife, Elizabeth Butler (1640-65). May I
be told the whereabouts of the original
pictures ?

I should also be exceedingly grateful for
any information as to the portrait of Ed-
ward, Lord Wotton, which used to hang in
the " howal " at Borton Malherbe, the home
in Kent. MABEL E. WOTTON.

36, Buckingham Gate, S.W.

"BAT BEARAWAY." Why is the bat
frequently called bat bearaway ? An edu-
cated person has told me that he thought
the name had arisen from a folk-belief that
bats had once upon a time been human
souls, or that they were creatures whose
employment it was to carry away the souls
of the departed. Is there any evidence that
such an opinion was ever prevalent ?

EDWARD PEACOCK.

" IDLE DICK NORTON." I am anxious to
obtain the pedigree of Col. Richard Norton,
of the Parliament army, whom Cromwell
addressed as " Dear Dick," speaking of him
elsewhere as " idle Dick Norton." A writer
in Hampshire Notes and Queries (vol. ii.
p. 108) says he was Governor of South-
ampton in 1644, and was styled by Mcrcurius
Aulicus " The great incendiary of Hamp-
shire." He also says that Richard Norton
was a relative of Sir Gregory Norton, one
of the judges of Charles I., and a brother
of the Captain Lieutenant Norton who,
fighting on the King's side, was captured
at Romsey by Major Mitford. Col. Norton
lived at old Alresford Manor House, and
was a scion of the Nortons of Rotherfield.
I shall be much obliged for the pedigree of
idle Dick, and also to learn who was the
Honor, daughter of Col. Norton, who
married Sir John St. Barbe, of Broadlands.

There was an Anne Norton buried at
Wellow, Hampshire, 22 Dec., 1693. In
the registers she is styled the Lady Anne
Norton, widow. There was also a William
Norton buried 9 Jan., 1695/6. Tradition
assigns a farm-house at Wellow as the resi-
dence of one of the regicides.

(Mrs.) F. H. SUCKLING.
Highwood, Romsey, Hants.

CATHAY. What is the origin of this name
for China ; and how is it pronounced ? There
is a street in Bristol of the same name, but
pronounced Cat-hay, which Alderman Bar-
ker, the antiquary, holds was so styled by
Bristol merchants who traded with China.
This seems impossible, especially as there
are other streets with a similar ending, such
as Pithay (Pit-hay). It would be interest-
ing to know the true origin of both names.
EVACUSTES A. PHIPSON.

9, Tithing, Worcester.

[B. E. Smith's 'Cyclopaedia of Names' says r
" Cathay (ka-tha'). The name given by Marco Polo-
to a region in eastern Asia, supposed to be northern

China 'The Persian name Cathay, and its

Russian form of Kitai, is of modern origin : it is
altered from Ki-fah, the race which ruled northern.
China in the tenth century, and is quite unknown
to the people it designates' (Williams, 'Middle-
Kingdom,' i. 4)."J

DRUM-MAJOR: JOHN BIBIE. At the
foot of p. 396, vol. ii. of ' The British Army,'
by Sibbald Scott, 1868, mention is made of
" a brochure by J. B., entitled Mars his Triumph,
or the Description of an Exercise performed the
xviii of October, 1638, in Merchant-Taylor s Hall,
by certain gentlemen of the Artillery Garden,.
London.' "
Who was this J. B. ?

I possess a brochure entitled ' Scotland's
Thanksgiving/ London, 1642 which con-
tains a letter to " John Bibie, Drum-Major
for the Tower and Citie of London." Cair
this be the J. B. ? Any information about
Bibie would be welcome.

What is the date of the drum-major's
"chariot of state" in the Tower? It is
said to have been drawn by four white
horses, at the head of the artillery train,,
when on a march.

What is the earliest date for an English
drum-major ? Robert Barret (1598) served
a great deal abroad, with troops belonging
to many different nations, and I do not
know if the mention of a drum-major in his
* Theorike and Practike of Modern Warres '
refers to an English drum-major or to a
foreign one. W. S.

REVETT OF CHECKERS, BUCKS. Mrs.
Revett, quoted in ' Letters and Journals

10 S. VII. MARCH 2, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

169

of Lady Mary Coke,' ed. Hon. J. A. Home
as one of the Princess Amelia's servants
and grandchild of Oliver Cromwell (iii. 110)
is in a foot-note stated to be the wife of John
Revett, of Checkers, Bucks,

" her father being John Russell, 3rd son of Sir John
Russell, Bart., of Chippenham, who m. Frances,
youngest dau. of Oliver Cromwell, and widow oi
the Hon. Robert Rich."

Can any reader of ' N. & Q.' state to what
branch of the family of Revett or Rivett
John Revett, of Checkers, belonged ; also
whether Col. George Revett, killed at Mal-
plaquet, was of this latter family ? The
line of Sir Thomas Revett, Kt., of Chippen-
ham, co. Cambridge, terminated in heir-
esses. L. SCHANK.
Conservative Club, St. James's Street, S.W.

" WHAT WANTS THAT KNAVE THAT A
KING SHOULD HAVE ? " Can any of your
readers tell me where I can find the ballad
that begins with these words ? The story
is that one of our Norman kings (I forget
which), seeing a great feudal lord an
ecclesiastic, I think sweep by with his
retinue, exclaimed, " What wants that
knave that a king should have ? " words
which became the first line of the ballad
that I wish to find. G. G. G.

PITCH-CAPS PUT ON HUMAN HEADS AND
SET ON FIRE. T find in the text of a modern
writer of note the following reference to
this alleged atrocity :

" The susceptible British reader should not
suppose that the exploding of dynamite is the quint-
essence of Anarchism ; any more than the igniting
of pitch-caps upon the heads of Irish insurgents in
1798 was the quintessence of British militarism
in that year. Dynamite has been exploded by
anarchists, and pitch-caps have been ignited by
soldiers," &c.

I have special reasons for thinking that
this tale about pitch-caps and their being
ignited is an absolute falsehood, like many
other legends about the Irish rebellion of
1798 which Cruikshank illustrated with such
wonderful force. Nevertheless, not being
omniscient, I should like to know on what
authority the legend has been founded.

AUTHOR OF QUOTATION WANTED. The
source and exact wording of the following
are desired :

" Some say the age of chivalry is' gone, but I say
the age of chivalry is not gone while there remains
a wrong to be righted and a man who will say, ' I
will set that wrong right, or die in the attempt.' "

Kingsley and Carlyle are in my thoughts ;
but I have hunted them in vain.

H. WELLS BLADEN.

SIR H. CAMPBELL-BANNERMAN ON BRI-
TAIN'S SUPREMACY OF THE SEA. The date
is wanted of the occasion on which the
words printed below were spoken by the
present Prime Minister. They occur in a
speech some time before 1898 :

"I accept in fullest and most complete form the
doctrine that it is necessary for this country to hold
the supremacy of the seas. I accept the doctrine of
standard of supremacy that our fleet should equal
any two other fleets in the world."

w. c. c.

CARTE, THE HISTORIAN. T should be
obliged to any of your readers for infor-
mation respecting the ancestry and birth-
place of Carte, the historian, whose ' Life of
the Great Duke of Ormonde ' was published
in 1736. F. GODFERY.

2, Morton Crescent, Exmouth.

[Carte was born at Clifton - upon - Dunsmoor,
Warwickshire. See the lives of him and his father
in the 'D.N.B.']

PRETENDED PRINCE OF MACEDONIA.
Can any one put me on the track of infor-
mation as to a certain Gio. Andrea Angelo
Flavio, calling himself Prince of Macedonia,
who appeared in Italy about 1605, and dis-
tributed titles of nobility and crosses of the
Order of St. George ? R. STEELE.

Savage Club.

OHABLES T. : HIS PHYSICAL CHARACTER-
ISTICS. In The Gentleman's Magazine for
October last there is a notice of ' The Heads-
man of Whitehall,' by Philip Sidney. The
writer of the article, who seems scarcely
to allow for the fact that all contemporary
statements are not of equal value to the
historian, makes the following remark
among some others which give the reader
pause :

"Far from being the ideal and picturesque
cavalier of that potent wizard Antonio van Dyck,
Oharles favoured his father, the sandy and slobber-
ng James, as much as Charles II. favoured his
mother."
What is the authority for this assertion ?

The " potent wizard " could have no
reason to indulge in childish misrepresenta-
ion. An artist of genius can paint a striking
portrait of nearly any type of face, except
;hat of the " successful soap-boiler."

There is a fine representation of the

' sandy and slobbering " James in the col-

ection of historical portraits in the chateau

of Azay-le-Rideau. Lout as he was, a painter

with insight, could still produce a vivid and

yet satisfactory portrait of him.

What contemporaries of the two men
recorded that Charles I. closely resembled
his father ? And what did the assertion

170

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. vn. MARCH 2, 1907.

signify ? Did it mean that he was a replica
of James in features and colouring, or that
there was merely the strong family likeness
between them which may exist, and not
infrequently does exist, between an ugly
and a handsome man ?

A querist writing in the Intermediate,
20 Octobre, 1906, says :

"Le veritable Charles I er . J'ai lu recemmeiit,
dans xme revue, que Van-Dye k avait tou jours plus
ou moins embelli ses modeles. Je m'en doutais un
peu et ai toujours pense" que les images de leurs
oontemporains, surtout de leurs contemporaines,
que nous ont laissees certains maitres, pourraient
bien e"tre de belles infideles. Mais 1'auteur ajoute
que le pinceau de Van-Dyck a tranforme 1 en un
elegant gentilhomme jusqu'a ce ' gnome ' de
Charles I cr , terme qui me surprend, applique, au
petit-fils de Marie-Stuart, tandis qu'il conviendrait
))arfaitement au pauvre Charles II. d'Espagne.

" Pour le roi anglais, jai accepte jusqu'a present
le type consacr6 par mairits originaux de Van-
Dyck, un corps droit et souple de gentilhomme
chasseur surmont6 d'une tete au long visage, dont
1'expression est melaricolique et haute, sans qu'on
y dem61e cette faussete qui causa en grande partie
les malheurs du second des quatre Stuarts.

"Quel etait done au physique le veritable
Charles I er ? H. C. M."

No doubt an artist who intends to be
patronized by the world of fashion in any
age accentuates to some degree the better
traits in a face, and softens the effect of those
which are unsatisfactory. Nevertheless, he
has to keep his work like the sitter, or the
sitter's vanity will take up arms. He wants
a portrait of his own admirable self, not an
entirely fancy picture.

Readers of La Fontaine's fables will
recollect that when Jupiter called all the
animals together, that each might say
whether anything needed altering in its
appearance, he asked the ape, "Are you
satisfied ? " and received the answer, " Why
not ? " The ape pitied the bear, the bear
the elephant, the elephant the whale, the
ant the mite. Every one of them was
critical enough of others, but pleased with
itself.

Had Charles I. been a " gnome," what
satisfaction could it have been to acquire
a series of portraits which represent an
entirely different type ? C. E.

NAPOLEON'S CARRIAGE. I wish to ascer-
tain what British regiment it was that
captured Napoleon's travelling carriage
after he had left it in his flight from Waterloo

J. N.

MUSICAL GENIUS : is IT HEREDITARY ?

I have noticed a peculiarity in musica
genius in that it does not seem to show
itself in the family of a great musical com-

poser nearly so much as literary genius does
n the family of a great writer. I think
rhat this may be accounted for by the
act that composers do not marry, or by
he fact that when married they have but
mall families. Can any of your readers
;ite an instance to the contrary ?

ENIGMA.

LATIN PRONUNCIATION IN
ENGLAND.

(10 S. vii. 108.)

THERE is no " foreign " pronunciation of

atin. There is a French pronunciation,
a German pronunciation, a Spanish, and an
Italian ; and they are all very materially
lifferent. I doubt whether the Pope would
at least without difficulty) understand the
Gospel as read either in Paris or in Madrid.

But all these pronunciations agree roughly
with respect to certain, though by no means
all, vowel-sounds. They also all agree in
not pronouncing c like k before e and i.

In Roman churches in England the Italian
pronunciation is naturally adopted.

Is not MR. STRONG overlooking the pro-
Dability that English pronunciation of English
changed between 1500 and 1600, and with
it English pronunciation of Latin, but only
with it ? I should assume that More and

olet pronounced the English word " nature"
much as the French word " nature " is now
pronounced ; but that Coryat approximated
to our modern English pronunciation.

Natura " would follow " nature," and
consequently by 1600 there would be a
much greater divergency between English
Latin and any kind of foreign Latin than
there was in 1500.

Is there not something in Mulcaster bear-
ing on this, and tending to show that English
Latin resisted for a little time the influence
of the vernacular ?

May I take this occasion of expressing
my cordial detestation of the proposed
change ? It is thoroughly unhistorical,
ignoring in particular English history ; and
it treats Latin as a dead language. More-
over, it will work havoc with words adopted
from the Latin. Already I have heard
" minnus " ( ) : I expect " plooce " ( + )
soon. R. JOHNSON WALKER.

Little Holland House, Kensington, W.

I have often tried to get people to under-
stand that Latin, in England, was doubtless

10 S. VII. MARCH 2, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

171

pronounced in the same way as the current
English of the same period. That is all.

It follows that Latin was pronounced in
Anglo-Saxon and Early English times nearly
as in the old classical way, for the plain
reason that the Old English vowels were
pronounced (roughly speaking) in the modern
Italian manner. And these sounds lasted,
many of them, down to the time of Erasmus
and later ; so that Latin in those days, if
pronounced in the same way as the English
of the period, would be reasonably intelligible
to a foreigner. Most of the violent changes
in the sounds of English vowels are quite
late. The subject of phonetics is very
unsuitable for general discussion ; let those
who wish to know more consult Sweet's
4 History of English Sounds ' or the valuable
new book by Wyld entitled ' The Historical
Study of the Mother Tongue.'

WALTER W. SKEAT.

I can state positively that in my Eton
days fifty-five or more years ago the
pronunciation of Latin was English-wise,
not Italian ; e.g., amo would be " eh-mo,"
musa would be " mew (moo)-sa," and so on.

I have, however, been told since that this
has been changed.

EDWARD P. WOLFERSTAN.

45, Lincoln's Inn Fields.

To the views of Coryat and Milton on this
subject, adduced by MR. STRONG, may be
added that of Sir Walter Scott, who wrote
thereon, with his characteristic good sense,
in his ' Journal,' under date 25 Jan., 1827 :

"Thought during the watches of the night and a
part of the morning about the question of Latin
pronunciation, and came to the following conclu-
sions : That the mode of ]jronunciation approved by
Buchanan and by Milton, and practised by all
nations, excepting the English, assimilated in sound,
too, to the (Spanish, Italian, and other languages
derived from the Latin, is certainly the best, and is
likewise useful as facilitating the acquisition of
sounds which the Englishman attempts in vain.
Accordingly I wish the cockneyfied pedant who
first disturbed it by reading emo for amo, and quy
for qui, had choked in the attempt. But the ques-
tion is, whether a youth who has been taught in a
manner different from that used all over England
will be heard, if he presumes to use his Latin at
the bar or the senate ; and if he is to be unin-
telligible or ludicrous, the question [arises] whether
his education in not imperfect under one important
view. I am very unwilling to sacrifice our sump-
sinm* to their old mtonpximm still more to humble
ourselves before the Saxons while we can keep an
inch of the Scottish flag flying. But this is a ques-
tion which must be decided not on partialities or
prejudices."

But what is the correct pronunciation ?
I had been five years at a public school
when, with the advent of a new head master,

came the " new " pronunciation ; and I
found a year of this exceedingly trouble-
some, after having learnt Latin for eight
or nine years in the older way. We were
taught to pronounce the c and g hard, and
the v as w, &c., and this was certainly not
the pronunciation I heard lately at a Catholic
funeral, where the priest pronounced the
c and g as in Italian. R. L. MORETON.

SPELLING CHANGES (10 S. vi. 403, 450,
493 ; vii. 51). There is urgent need of
reform. There are signs that a divergence
between the language of England and
America is to be feared. For English and
American to become as different as Spanish
and Portuguese would be a real calamity to
the world, a real check to civilization.

The philologists all agree that spelling
reform would be a great benefit. The
philologists of the future will want to know,
not our rather vain speculation as to the
origin or etymology of our words, but how
the best-educated people of our time pro-
nounced them.

As far as I know, all reasonable persons
who have given at all careful attention to
this subject admit that spelling reform is
desirable. But I think most of these are
deterred from putting this opinion, into
action from the contemplation of the vast
difficulties in the way. I admit that the
difficulties are vast, but I incline to think
that the greatest difficulty of all has now
been overcome by President Roosevelt, viz.,
the want of an authoritative start.

I have had difficulty in getting the list
of 300 simplified spellings suggested by his
learned council. The pamphlet of 57 pages
(very readable), the booklet, and the card
can, I believe, be got by any one who will
apply for copies to the Simplified Spelling
Board, 1, Madison Avenue, New York City.

At first I was inclined to reject this board's
suggestion to write theater, specter, center,
meter, &c., for theatre, spectre, centre, metre.
Meter, for gas meter, e.g., is by far the
commoner spelling in the current English
of the mother country. I see Prof. Skeat
in the last edition of his ' Concise English
Etymological Dictionary ' has metre, meter,
as alternative. This raises the very difficult
question of homophones. I, with trembling,
advocate the distinction of homophones ;
e.g., cheq, to denote one special kind of check,
seems to me certainly useful. So I think
we should make the reading of English more
difficult if we confused to, too, and two.
English is so much more complex than any

172

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL MARCH 2, 1907,

other of the great languages that we can
never expect its spelling to be quite so easy
and simple and regular as that of Italian
or even German. Our spelling will perhaps
always be a compromise between phonetic
and etymology ; but it certainly ought to
be more rationally compounded of these
two elements.

It is singular that though all the European
tongues distinguish voiced from unvoiced
consonants, in most cases thus, t from d,
p from 6, k from g, f from v, they none of
them clearly distinguish voiced and un-
voiced sibilants. Thus so we English pro-
nounce with s unvoiced, but the Germans
with s voiced. We write is, his, bids, &c.,
s voiced ; but its, ships, bricks, s unvoiced.
T. WILSON, B.A.Lond.
Harpenden.

Why wastrel (ante, p. 52) at all ? Why
not waster ? At all events, wastrel is de-
fined in Ogilvie's ' Dictionary,' not as the
instrument, but as the state, of waste, and
substantially as " waste substances."

J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.

AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (10 S.
vii. 69). PROF. LAUGHTON will find the
" old ballad " he is in quest of in D'Urfey's
* Pills to purge Melancholy,' vol. iii. p. 210
of reprint of 1719 edition. J. H. K.

DUKE OF KENT'S CHILDREN (10 S. vii.
48, 115). After the death of the Princess
Charlotte, the Government of the day in-
sisting upon the marriage of the bachelor
brothers of the Regent, it is known that the
Duke of Kent demurred from complying
with their wishes, unless some provision
were first made out of the public funds for
Madame de St. Laurent. I think that a
letter from him to Lord Liverpool upon the
subject was printed in Creevey's memoirs,
and no mention is therein made by H.R.H.
of any children. As the Duke's plea for a
separate income being granted would have
been much strengthened in the event of
issue, it is probably safe to assume that
none had been born, or at all events none
survived in the year 1816. But the nick-
name of " Joseph Surface," given to the
Duke of Kent by his royal brothers, implies
that in matters of morality his standard
was no higher, though more discreet, than
theirs.

The task of detailing the amours, and of
tracing the left - handed descendants, of
George III.'s children would be considerable,
and probably unprofitable in view of the
old proverb, "A wise child," &c. As

regards King George IV., the Italian author
of the work describing Queen Caroline's
adventures in Italy and elsewhere, lately
translated into English, has broached a
curious theory, which is certainly corro-
borated by the fact that none of that
monarch's numerous mistresses was ever
known to bear him offspring. It is true
that Grace Dalrymple Elliott, distinguished
in the gay world as " Dally the Tall," gave
birth to a daughter whose parentage was
sometimes attributed to the then Prince of
Wales ; but the lady's admirers were not
few, and the circumstance can hardly be
said to contradict the fact above stated.

Your correspondents may find many
interesting particulars concerning the career
of Edward, Duke of Kent, in his ' Life '
by the Rev. Erskine Neale, rector of Kirton,.
Suffolk (an adjacent parish to Newbourne)
subsequently vicar of Exning, near New-
market. Prefixed to this laboured pane-
gyric is a portrait of the Duke " from a
picture by G. Dawe, R.A., in the posses-
sion of H.R.H. the Duchess of Kent." The
likeness to her late Majesty Queen Victoria
is striking.

In the preface, p. xv, occurs the following
tribute to ' N. & Q.,' then in its infancy :

"May I seize this opportuity of naming a little
periodical, Notes and Queries, as a most desirable
mode of intercommunication for literary men ? "
JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.

Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.

Perhaps I may be allowed to supplement
my former reply by saying that much about
Madame de St. Laurent is to be found in
' The Life of the Duke of Kent illustrated
by his Correspondence with the De Sala-
berry Family,' by Dr. W. J. Anderson.
(Toronto, Hunter, Rose & Co., 1870). Dr.
Anderson assures us that she was an
amiable lady who possessed to the fullest
extent the Duke's confidence, esteem, and
affection, and shared his joys and sor-
rows. These virtues gained for her the
favour of the Bishop of Quebec, the Bishop
of Nova Scotia, and the leading residents
of Halifax, except three : Chief Justice
Blowers ; Foster Hutchinson, a nephew of
the last royal Governor of Massachusetts
Bay ; and Col. Kearney, of the Nova Scotia
Regiment. The last two experienced her
just indignation and that of the Duke. Her
name, Julia, was the one most often given to-
girls born at Halifax while she was there*
Col. Landmann in his ' Recollections ' de-
scribes an evening party at Halifax where

10 S. VII. MARCH 2, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

173

she and the Duke sang a duet, Before
March, 1819, she had retired to a convent,
according to Dr. Anderson, and doubtless
she died in the odour of sanctity. Tradi-
tion describes her as small, dark, and hand-
some ; and as having a hasty temper, under
the influence of which she was known to go
into the garden and tear up flowers. But
soldiers in danger of severe punishment, who
appealed to her, were pardoned through her
influence with the Duke. M. N. G.

Can MR. PEET give any ground or autho-
rity for the extraordinary report that
Constance Kent's father was a son of the
Duke ? The fact that he and most of his
children bore the Christian name of Savill,
and must therefore be presumed to have
been connected with a family of that name,
is strongly against this, since, if he had been
illegitimate, it is unlikely that the memory
of a connexion on his mother's side would
have been preserved in this way. On the
other hand, there are facts which, taken in
combination, point to a French connexion :

( 1 ) Constance's second name was Emilie ;

(2) she and her brother ran away from home
at the ages of twelve and eleven, with the
intention of going abroad ; (3) after the
murder she was sent to a convent in France.
These might be adduced in support of a
theory that her father was son of Madame
de St. Laurent ; and as he died 5 Feb., 1872,
aged seventy, and was therefore born in
1801-2, this is not inconsistent with the
statement of M. N. G. that the lady had no
children down to August, 1800. B.

POST BOXES (10 S. vi. 389, 453, 475 ; vii.
72). In The Illustrated Times, vol. i. p. 452
15 Dec., 1855 are two pictures : one of
a ' London Letter Post,' the other of a ' Paris
Letter Post.' The former is square (?five
square) and very plain ; there is a ball on
the top, springing from a simple ornament
of leaves. The latter is round, ornate, and
rather taller, but of much less diameter.
On one face of the former is " Post Office
Letter Box No. 2. miles 7 furlongs 178
yards from General Post Office." On
the other visible face is a hanging flap
marked " Letters " ; below is a long inscrip-
tion beginning " Letter Box," but the rest
is illegible. On the French pillar are the
words " Boite aux lettres," " Service des
postes." In each picture a postman stands
by the " letter post."

P. 454 contains an article on ' London
and Paris Letter Posts and Letter Carriers.'
It speaks of our " letter posts " as an im-
provement borrowed from the French. It

calls them " cast-iron ' letter posts,' or r
more properly, ' postal pillars,' recently
erected as succursals to the old receiving
houses." It asks :

"Why must everything English, to be useful, be

hideous? Squat, dwarfed, and clumsy in form,

they remind us of nothing so much as one of Doctor
Arnott's stoves that has been given over to a bill-
sticker The top of the pillar, capital we cannot

call it, is finished off by a circular knob, something,
between a cannon-ball and the blazing fircone on
the summit of the monument. Is not this knob
provided with a view to the hindrance of the street
boys in their much-beloved game of leap-frog, and
to prevent their ' overing it ' ? It is certainly as
eloquently suggestive of such an intention as the-
iron-spiked posts in Burton Crescent."
It asks why a postal pillar should have been
erected at the corner of Norfolk Street,
Strand, where a post office already existed.

It says that the first postal pillar erected
in Paris was the one on the Pont Neuf .

The two postmen in the pictures wear tall
hats. The Frenchman's is of sugarloaf
shape, with a cockade or some mark like one.
The colours of the pillars are not mentioned.

In The Illustrated Times, vol. iv. p. 39T
(20 June, 1857), is the following :

"The last few weeks has \xic\ seen the removal of
most of the ugly-looking letter-posts which about
a couple of years ago were set up in the streets of
the metropolis. These have given place to a more-
tastefully-shaped substitute, an engraving of which-
will be found on the present page. Mr. A. Cooper,.
C.E., of Great George Street, we understand,
supplied the constructional design, and Mr. W. J.
Wills, we believe, superintended the ornamenta-
tion of it. The plan of the pillar is a hexagon, and
the top has a useful little article in the shape of the-
compass let into the surface. The space this letter-
post occupies is much less than that filled by its
predecessor ; and so far as the matter of taste is
concerned, the change is one which must meet with
public approval."

The pillar in the accompanying print has a
festoon of flowers hanging from, appa-
rently, small human faces down each side-
of the hexagon to about the middle of the
pillar. The angles are decorated, and there-
are ornamental bands two near the top'
and two near the foot. The only visible
inscription is " V.R." Beside the pillar
stands a gentleman of the period with a
letter in his hand. The colour of the paint
is not mentioned. ROBERT PIERPOINT.

" ITO " : " ITOLAND " (10 S. vi. 461 ; vii.
12, 93). I do not purpose entering into a
discussion with MB. BBESLAR as to the merits-
or demerits of the " Ito " movement ; but it
would be unjust to the Jewish community
if from his statements it was supposed they
are in sympathy with this unorthodox
Zionism, or that they believe their welfare is-

174

NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL MABCH 2, 1007.

likely to be advanced by such organizers.
Great philanthropically aided migrations
from persecution in Russia to the personal
liberty of North or South America have
occurred, and are likely to be organized so
long as the occasion continues. But this
does not provide autonomy, nor can the
word " territorialist " be applied to the
director of such a movement or its par-
ticipants.

MB. BRESLAR'S phrases are peculiarly his
own ; his views are confined to a few ; and
the movement he acclaims has the support
only of a class unfamiliar with Russia and
the aims or requirements of the prospective
.emigrant. ALECK ABRAHAMS.

39, Hillmarton Road, N.
[We cannot insert any more on this subject.]

BELL-HORSES : PACK-HORSES (10 S. vi.
469; vii. 33, 110). In 'Notes on Spanish
Amulets,' in Folk-lore, xvii. 461, it is said
that

" small bells are in common use, frequently with
other amuletic objects. Practically every horse,
mule, or donkey in .Spain wears a bell, however tiny
.and feeble it may be, not necessarily, perhaps, as an
.acknowledged protection, but certainly as a con-
cession to some once universal custom. To many
children's amulets, also, there are little bells
.attached. It is fair to assume that the sound of
these bells, as amongst the ancient Romans and the
modern Italians, was formerly intended to keep the
wearer from witchcraft and fascination."

G. W.

Perhaps I may be allowed to add a note
or two to DR. BRUSHFIELD'S interesting
paper. We have here a dealer in antiquities
whose keen observation and retentive
memory make him a trustworthy guide,
.and if anything is ploughed or dug up in
this neighbourhood, it usually finds its way
to his hands. He well remembers pack-
horses coming into the city by North Gate,
bringing in corn from country farms. They
were decorated with bells hung on frames,
.as described ante, p. 33, the first horse
having three bells, the second four, and the
third five, the bells being of varying sizes
.and harmonizing well. The man showed
me a large spherical horse-bell of bronze,
9 in. in circumference, attached by an iron
ring to a staple, welded into a leather
collar, which must have hung round the
horse's neck. The width of the collar is
nearly 2 in. The bell has two round holes
above, and a wide aperture beneath. A
detached iron ball inside sounds at every
movement. My friend called this bell a
" nimbler," a word which I fail to find in the
dialect dictionaries. Beneath the narrow

band which encircles the centre of the bell
the metal is finely chased, and on either side
of the slit are the letters W. R. (? Willielmus
Rex, i.e., William III.). Three small bells
of similar construction were ploughed up on
a hul-farm near Lavant last December.
Their circumference is 3 in. They do not
exactly match (externally), but their note
is the same. Cow- and sheep-bells made of
sheet iron, just like the old Irish bells, were
used on the Downs here not long ago. They
vary a little in size and weight, but are
generally about 7 in. in height by 15 in. in
circumference. St. Patrick's bell, as illus-
trated in Smith and Cheetham's ' Diet,
of Christian Antiquities,' is almost a ditto
of the typical cow-bell of Sussex. Some
interesting notices of bells a